Full text of "Proceedings"

See other formats

THE ROYAL CANADIAN INSTITUTE

. b

OF THE

SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES

NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE.

THIRD SERIES.

VOL. I.
(JANUARY, 1903, TO DECEMBER, 1904.

SOUTH SHIELDS :
PRINTED FOR THK SOCIETY BY R. SIMPSON AND SONS.

1905.

DA
£70

Ill

LIST OF PLATES.

Two bronze Mortars ! facing page 4

Royal Arms in Blackgate Museum, and carved oak head

from Chibburn ; „ „ 30

Fragment of the Roman Wall at Wallsend „ „ 44

Wallsend in 1850, and in 1903 „ „ 46

Two Roman Altars (to Neptune and Ocean) from the

Tyne at Newcastle ,, „ 50

The ditch of the Roman Wall on Limestone bank, cut

through basalt, and large block of basalt with late

Dr. Bruce standing near ,, „ 54

Mitford : Remains of Manor House and of Castle ,, ,, 55

Warkworth Tithe Barn „ „ 63

Roman Vase from Piercebridge, and pre-historic Arrow-
heads found at Newton Ketton, co. Durham ,, ,,64

' The Castles,' Hamsterley, co. Durham facing pages 64, 66, 68

Roman Inscription, naming three Vexillations, from the

Tyne at Newcastle, and gold and silver coins of

Hadrian with Neptune reverses facing page 72

Ulgham Village Cross and ' bounder oak ' ,, ,, 75

Widdrington Castle, from drawings belonging to the

Society „ „ 82

Widdrington Church, piscinas, &c ,, ,, 81

Chibburn from NW. and N.E „ „ 86

Inscribed stone found in Bishopwearmouth Tithe Barn,

and 17th century Peg Tankard ,, ,, 90

Inscribed stone from Darlington, and leaden cistern

head from Newcastle „ ,, 93

South Shields : The ' fallen wall ' in ' forum,' and east

rampart of Roman Camp ,, ,, 94

Bishopwearmouth Tithe Barn ,, „ 96

Mitford Church from the rectory garden „ ,, 99

„ ,, interior looking east ,, ., 100

Mithraic Slab from ' Kastell Krotzenburg,' and Roman

inscription at Cliff e Hall ,, ,,117

A bronze Celt from Stanwick, Yorkshire, and a burial

near Tower bridge, London „ ,, 118

Piercebridge : north-west corner of Roman camp „ ,, 124

Cross at Cliff e Hall, and doorway of Chantry Chapel,

Piercebridge ,, ,; 130

Newcastle : In the Close and the Blackgate ,, ,,135

„ Old Union Bank, Mosley Street, and old

houses, Pilgrim Street , ,,136

„ Pilgrim Street, west side, and Forth House ,. ,, 137

„ Bailey Gate looking east ,, ,,138

,. The ' Fox and Lamb ' „ ,,138

Brancepeth, Ancient British Cist and Urn found near ... ,, ,,140
Ancient doorway in Castlegarth, Newcastle, and Roman

altar discovered at Benwell ,; ,,142

Newcastle, Carving knife and fork from old Mansion

house ,, ,, 144

Stone axe hammer found at Barras bridge, Newcastle,

and a quern found at Bishopwearmouth ,, ,,146

Arms of Lord Crewe, bishop of Durham, and of New-
castle ,148

LISTS OF PLATES AND

Newcastle : Town wall in St. Andrew's Churchyard . . .facing page 157

„ Plummer tower and Carpenter tower .... ,, ,, 158

,, Plummer tower from east, and Pink tower ,; ,, 160

Herber tower, and Town Wall, Back

Stowell Street ._ „ „ 161

Grant of the Manor of Tre wick, Northumberland ,, ,, 163

Holy Island Church, interior looking east ,, ,, 174

Ancroft Church, and Keep of Etal Castle „ „ 186

Barmoor and Ford Castles „ ,, 189

Etal Castle gateway „ „ 200

Askerton Castle, and Lanercost Piory from S.E „ ,, 216

Bewcastle Cross „ ,, 220

Dacre tomb in Lanercost Priory, and gateway of

Naworth Castle „ ., 234

St. Helens Auckland Manor house and Church ,, ,, 261

Escomb Church, interior before restoration „ ,, 266

Old font, St. Hild's Church, South Shields, and Royal

Arms from Newgate, Newcastle ,, ,, 278

Roman Centurial stones from A esica and West Denton . ,, ,, 286

Pedigree of Moises of Newcastle „ ,, 290

LIST OF OTHER [ILLUSTRATIONS.

Aesica, Roman centurial stones from

near, 175
Ancient British burial near Brancepeth,

plan of site of, 141 ; camp, ' The

Castles,' 65

Ancroft church, plan of, 187
Axe found at Bawtry, 273

Badge, Dacre, at Naworth castle, 235

Bamburgh castle, clock tower at, 168 ;
church, 'lowside ' window in, 166

Bawtry, axe found at, 273

Bewcastle, Roman altars from, 220 ;
church, interior of, before restoration,
227 ; medieval grave covers at, 228

Blyth harbour, old plan of, 260

Brancepeth, plan of site of Ancient
British burial near, 141

Brandon chapel, Northumberland, plan
of, 132

Brass, a, from Stanwick church, York-
shire, 88

Carlisle, small clay ligure of Venus

found in, 48

Carrawburgh, see Procolitia
' Castles, The,' near Hamsterley, plan

of, 65
Calherick brass, a, from Stanwick

church, Yorkshire, 88

Centurial stones, Roman, v, 175, 287
Chipchase castle, plan, sections, and

elevation, 32-34
Chollerton churchyard, cross on stone

found in, 156
Cross, on stone found in Chollerton

churchyard, 156 ; base of, on moor

near Elsdon, 124
Civil war "tract, reproduction of title

page of a, 121
Corsenside church, medieval canopied

grave cover in, 164

' Crusie,' in Blackgate museum, New-
castle, 283

Dacre badge at Naworth castle, 235

Elsdon, gibbet and base of cross on
moors near, 134

Facsimiles of signatures, 28
Flails from various countries, 285
Ford castle, old plan of, 193
Greek inscription on marble, an an-
cient, 107

Hamsterley, plan of ' The Castles '

near, 65
Hartlepool, pre-conquest grave slabs

from, 223

OTHEK ILLUSTRATIONS.

Inscriptions, an ancient Greek, 107 ;
Roman, from Bewcastle, 220 ; from
Piercebridge, 126, 128

Kilham hill, Northumberland, plan of
cist on, 91

Lamp, Roman bronze, from South

Shields, 347

Lanercost priory, plan of, 233
' Lowside ' window, Bamburgh church,

166

Medieval grave covers, Bewcastle
church, 228 ; Corsenside church, 164
Mercury, Roman bronze figure of, 124
Mortar, stone, found at the Red Barns,
Newcastle, 273

Naworth castle, plan of, 236 ; Dacre
badge at, 236

Newcastle, plan, sections, and eleva-
tions of ancient doorway in Castle-
garth, 37 ; a ' crusie ' in Blackgate
museum, 283 ; stone mortar found
at the Red Barns, 273 ; walls, stone
figure from, 158

Newminster abbey, carved capital, etc.,
in chapter house, 74

North Shields, see Shields, North

Oak carvings from Waterville, North
Shields, 39, 40

Piercebridge, plan of, 127 ; Roman
inscriptions from, 126, 128 ; Roman
bronze figure of Mercury from, 124 ;
small vase found at, 125

Pre-conquest grave slabs from Hartle-
pool, 223

Procolitia, Roman centurial stones from
287

Rede, Thomas de, seal of, 31

Rjoman altar from Bewcastle, 220 ;
bronze figure of Mercury found at
Piercebridge, 124 ; small vase found
at, 129 ; camp, Piercebridge, plan of,
127 ; centurial stones v ; from near
Aesica, 175 ; from Procolitia, 287 ;
graffiti and potters' names from
Wallsend, 46 ; inscriptions from
Piercebridge, 126, 128 ; sculpture of
the Deae Matres from South Shields,
107 ; figurine of Venus found in
Carlisle, 348 ; bronze lamp from
South Shields, 347

Seals of Thomas de Rede, 31 ; and of

Thomas de Trewyk, 163
Seventeenth century tracts, title pages

of, 121, 271
Shields, North, oak carvings from

Waterville, 39, 40
Shields, South, a sculptured stone of

the Deae Matres from, 107 ; Roman

bronze lamp from, 347
Shovel, old wooden, from a Weardale

mine, 63

South Shields, see Shields, South
Stanwick church, Yorkshire, an old

brass from, 88
Stone figure from Newcastle wall, 158

Trewick, Thomas de, seal of, 163

Ulgham church, early window head in,

Venus, small clay figure of, found in
Carlisle, 348

Wallsend, plan of a portion of, 33 ;

Roman potters' names, etc., from, 46
Weardale, old wooden shovel from a

mine in, 63
' Winter's Stob,' etc., on moors near

Elsdon, 124

liOMAN CISNTUKIAL STONE. (See p. 2St).)

CONIR1BUTIONS OF PHOTOGRAPHS, BLOCKS, &c.

Thanks were returned to the following donors : —

Adamson, H. A., for drawings on pp. 39 and 40f and for block on p. 39

Allison, Dr. T. M., for drawings, page 285

Brewis, Parker, for photographs of Royal Arms, facing page 30, and on
278 ; of Roman_altars, facing 50; of tankard, facing 90 ; of stone axe,
facing 146 ; of grant, facing 163 ; and of centurial stones, facing 286

Bruce, the Right Hon. Sir Gainsford, for blocks of Roman fosse, Lime-
stone bank, facing 54

Carlisle, earl of, for drawing of Dacre badge, 235--

Charlton, W., for loan^of drawing, facing 174

Clarke, Henry, for drawings of old spade, 63, of axe, 273, and of ' crusie/
283

Corder, W. S.. for plan of Wallsend, on p. 42, and photographs facing 44,
46 and 157 ; of Pink tower facing 160, and of Bewcastle cross, facing
220

Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian Society, for loan of block,
227

Downey, J., & Sons, for photograph of Bishopwearmouth tithe barn,
facing 96

Fletcher, W. L., for photographs of Lanercost, facing 216 ; and of
Naworth gateway, facing 234

Gibson, John, for rubbing of Catherick brass, 88

Gibson, J. P., for photograph of Bewcastle cross, facing 220

Gissing, Algernon, for plan of Brandon chapel, 132

Gregory, Rev. A. R., for photographs of Ulgham cross, &c., facing 75

Hodgson, J, C., for photographs of Warkworth tithe barn, facing 63

Hornby, The Right Rev. Bishop, rector of Chollerton, for loan of block,
156

Irving, George, for drawings of ancient doorway, Castle- garth, New-
castle, 37, and of mortar, 273

Kilburn, Henry, for photograph of St. Helens Auckland church, facing
261

Knowles, W. H., for drawings of Chipchase castle, 32-34

MacLeod, Rev. R. C., for photographs of Mitford manor house, facing
55, of Widdrington church, facing 81, of Chibburn, from N.W.,
facing 86, and of Mitford church, facing 99 and 100

Middleton, Sir A. E., for drawing of Trewick seal, 163

Mowat, R., for plaster casts of Roman coins, facing 72

Nelson, Ralph, for plan of Blyth harbour, 260

Newcastle Chronicle, proprietors of, for loan of block, 168

Northumberland County History Committee for loan of block, 166

Oswald, Joseph, for drawing of corbel, &c., Newminster abbey, 74,
photographs of Ancroft church, &c., facing 186 and 189, and of
Askerton castle, facing 216

Peirson, H. T., for photograph facing 140, and plan 141

Phillips, Maberly, for photograph of grave, facing 118

Reid, A. & Co., for photograph of leaden cistern head, facing 93

Reid, Geo. D., for photograph, facing 144

Robinson, John, for photograph of inscribed stone, facing 90

Rutland, earl of, for plate of Etal castle, facing 200

St. Hild's, South Shields, vicar and churchwardens of, for loan of block
of font, facing 278

Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, for loan of block of Rede seal. 31

Vll

Steavenson, A. L., for photograph of Dacre tomb, Lanercost priory,

facing 234
Stephens, D. H., for photograph of Mitford castle, facing 55 ; and of

Whitburn tithe barn, at bottom of this page

Stephens, Rev. Thomas, for drawing of grave cover, Corsenside, 164
Tankerville, the earl of, for plan of cist, Kilham, 91
Taylor. Thomas, for blocks of Widdrington castle, facing 82 ; and of

Chibburn, facing 86
Thompson and Lee, for photographs facing 158 and 161 ; and Plummer

tower facing 160

Walton. J., for photograph of quern, facing 146
Welch, Charles, for photograph of Roman slab, facing 72
Wooler, Edward, for photographs, of mortars, facing 4, facing 64, 66,

68, of plan, 65 ; and block facing 68 ; for photographs of Darlington

inscription, facing 93 ; of Roman inscription, facing 93 ; and of

Piercebridge camp, etc., facing 124 and 130 ; and of plan, 127 g '. ;

WHITBURN TITHE BAHN.
From a photograph by Dr. D. H. Stephens of North Shields.

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS.

p. i, between lines 14 and 15, insert 'Presents : thanks were voted for the following.'

p. 31, ' Rede of beryth to his crest a bushe of reedys gold bound with a corde geules.'—

' Thomas Wall's Book of Crests,' see The Ancestor, 12, p. 79.

p. 54, line 8 from bottom, for ' secured ' read ' second-hand.'

p. 72. See a very interesting notice (by F. Haverfield, F.S.A.,) of Julius Verus, the Roman
governor of Britain named on the Tyne slab, in the Proceedings (xxxvm, p. 454)
of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland.

p. 77, line 10 from bottom, dele ' on the opposite ' ; and insert ' 75 ' after ' page ' on line 9.

p. 78, line 12, dele 'and.'

p. 80. See also ' Notes on Ulgham ' by'J. Crawford Hodgson, Berw. Nat. Club Trans, xvi, 67.
'Capella beati Marie de Wyderyngton.'— Arch. Ael. xin, 342. Mr. MacLeod is of
opinion that ' the churches of this district suffered much in the Scottish raid of 1177,
hence the similar character of the work at Hartburn, Bothal, Brinkburn, Wid-
drington, &c.'

p. 81, plate facing, for " PISCINA' read ' PISCINAS.'

p. 87. See also ' The English, or Sixth, Langue of the Order of the Hospital of St. John of
Jerusalem, a brief sketch of its history, compiled by a Committee.' (Charles
Cull & Son, Houghton Street, Strand. W.C., price I/-.)

p. 90, Mr. T. Taylor notes that ' only one or two instances of English tankards with pegs arc
known, and these are attributable to York and Hull.' He also says that ' no doubc
the 4th mark ' on Mr. Thorp's tankard ' is the single castle.' Line 1 of note 9, for
' Gra ' read ' Grace.' Mr. William Brown points out that there is a pedigree of the
Catherick family in the Yorkshire Visitations of 1584 and 1612, ed. Jos. Foster,
p. 255,

p. 103, line 31 for 'WILFRID' read 'WILFRED.'

p. 108. The small tankard exhibited by Mr. T. Taylor, was made by Eli Bilton, the New-
castle silversmith, and bears the Newcastle year mark for 1705.

p. 125, lines 47 and 50 : Mr. R. H. Edleston, F.S.A. of Gainford, writes that the Roman
inscriptipns formerly at Gainford ' were sent to Durham by Mr. Headlam on his
own initiative, without the knowledge of his churchwardens ' ; he also states that
' the Roman altar was not part of the chancel arch, but the eastern capital of the
south-east tower pier.'

p. 136, line 4 for ' Pheshey ' read ' Pleshey.'

p. 138, line 6 from bottom, for ', Duddos' read 'Duddo.'

p, 143, line 32 for ' Pulhose ' read ' Pulhore.'

p. 160, .Hue 39 for ' Carliol tower ' read ' Plummer or Carliol Croft tower.'

p. 165, line 15 for ' Rev, C. Williams ' read ' Rev. E. Williams.'

p. 180, line 22 insert 'Thompson' after 'Richard,' and lines 24 and 27 for ' William' read
'Humphrey.'

p. 181, line 33 for 'Timothy' read 'Thomas.'

p. 184, line 38, read ' merchants.'

p. 187, bottom line, ' That lowest of ecclesiastical foundations in England, the capella, a
building devoted to the purposes of religion, but without any tithe, and some-
times without the liberty of having the rights of baptism, burial, and the nuptial
benediction performed within its walls. These arose in many of the parishes.'—
'Hints on the nature, purpose, and resources of Topography. '—Proc. Archaeo-
logical Institute, Norwich, 1847, p. 90.

p. 198, line 8 for ' vacan ' read ' vacant.'

p. 217, line 40 for ' 2 acres ' read ' 20 acres ' ; line 45 for ' Mote ' read ' Mott ' ; line 49 for
'Rjcheson' read ' Kichison ' ; and for 'Bernehurst' read <Barnehurst.'

p. 218, line 5 for ' 21 June' read ' 20 June,' for 'baifT read ' bailiff' ; line 20 for 'made a
' fray ' ' read ' ran a foray ' ; line ^9 for ' Graimes ' read ' Graime,' and for ' arrears
read arrear' : line 30 for '18s.' read 18d' ; to note 6 add 134, 138, 141, 142, 253,
254, 357, 379, 554, 558.

p. 219, line 18 for ' Ednill ' read ' Ednell ' ; line 24 for ' demesnes ' read ' demeanes ' ; line
43 for 'churchyard ' read 'church'; to note 7 add 558, 562, 568, 571, 575, 766, •

p. 220, line 15 for ' century' read 'century.'

p. 226, line 1 of note, in two places for 'feet' read 'inches.'

p. 231, line 29 for ' poormen ' read ' puermen ' ; line 33 for ' Hollers ' read ' Hollus ' ; line
41 insert 'Lancelott' after 'Thomas' ; line 43 dele ' us' ; line 44 for 'the' read
' this ' ; line 45 insert ' corner ' in the blank space ; line 49 for ' sergeantry ' read
' sergeantcy ' ; to note 7 add 187, 307, 318, 568.

p. 232, line 21 for( ' Quinton ' read ' Quintin ' ; line 43 for ' Witton's ' read ' Welton's ' ; line
46 for ' bowilis ' read ' bowels ' ; line 52 for ' were ' read ' are ' ; line 53 for ' hearing '
read ' revenge ' ; line 54 for ' this ' read ' the.'

p. 233, line 1, for 'no' read 'not'; line 4 for 'services' read 'service,' and dele 'the';
line 5 for ' this ' read ' the ' ; to note 9 add 604, 605.

p. 274, lines 33 for ' illam '-read ' ilium ' ; 36 for ' pictoris ' read ' pistoris ' ; 37 and 40, for

Job ne read ' Joh'nis ' ; 42 for ' p'quisunt ' read ' p'quisivit ' ; 43 for ' villa ' read

ville, and for 'Will'mo' read 'Will'mus'; 45 for 'quibus' read 'quibusdam';

46 for 'Maii' read 'M'cij'; 47 for 'hospitali' read ' hospitalis ' ; 50 for 'fine1

read finem ; 51 for ' sequi' plenie ' read ' sequen plenarie ' ; 52 for ' domini ' read

'dommis ; 55 for 'uniqui hab'm' read 'unquam habui.'

p. 275, line 3 for ' clamen ' read ' clametim ' ; 5 f or ' exigue ' read ' exigere ' ; 7 for ' sumis '
read ' sumus ' ; 10 for ' omni ' read ' omnes ' ; 12 for ' opposuit ' read ' opposui ' ;
24 for 'painter' read 'baker.'

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES

OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE.

VOL. I. (3 Ser.) 1903. No. 1.

The ninetieth anniversary meeting of the society was held in the
library of the castle, on Wednesday, the 28th January, 1903, at two
o'clock in the afternoon, his grace the duke of Northumberland, K.G.,
F.S.A., the president, being in the chair.

Several accounts recommended by the council for paynu"
ordered to be paid.

Mr. William James Gibson of Bedlington, R.S.O., Northumberland,
was duly elected an ordinary member of the society.

The following NEW BOOKS, etc., were placed on the table : —

From prof. Hulsebos, hon. member, the writer : Verslag aangaarde het
Museum van Oudheden van het Provincial Utrechtsch Genootschap
van Kunsten en W etenschappen wer 1901-1902. 8vo., pp. 8.

From don Manuel de Berlanga of Malaga, the writer : ( 1 ) Fragmento
decia Epistola Romana, pp. 23 ; (2) La Mas Antigua Necropolis
de Oades, dec. de la Hispania, pp. 40 ; (3) Deacubrimiento Arque-
ologico viripiada en el Tajo Montere, pp. 36; and (4) Estudios
numismaticos, pp. 39 ; all large 8vo.

From Mr. E. Wooler of Darlington, the writer : (1) The 'Scots Dyke'
traced from Forcett camp >• a stupendous pre- Roman work (reprint
from the Northern Echo); and (2) a photograph of the late W. H. D.
Longstaffe when a young man (from a painting of 24 Ap. 1850).

From the Rev. E. J. Taylor, F.S.A., of Durham : an old deed on
parchment of 13 Aug. 1655, being a bond by 'ffrancis Comyne of
Whitby, gentleman, Mary Comyne of the Citty of Durham,
spinster, and John Newton of the Towne & County off New-
castle vpon Tyne, gentleman', to ' John Martin of the Citty of
Durham, gentleman', in the sum of 20Z. the condition being that
if the said F. Comyne, Mary Comyne, and John Newton perform
the covenants in a deed poll of even date, the same should be void.
The heraldic seal, in red wax, of John Newton, attached, other
seals gone ; attested by James Cholmeley, Cholmeley Wright,
Tho. Tonstall, James Carr, Isaack Gilpin, and George Burne,

Exchanges: —

From the British Archaeological Association : — Journal, N.s. vm. iii.,
Oct. 1902 [contains 'Notes on Flemish brasses' by Andrew
Oliver, including that of 1411 (p. 196) of Roger Thornton in
All Saints church, Newcastle ; also a paper on Lindisfarne priory,
by the Rev. H. J. Dukinfield Astley1] ; 8vo.

From the Numismatic Society of London: — The Numismatic Chronicle,
4 ser., No. 8, 1902, pt. iv., 8vo.

From the Clifton Antiquarian Club : — Proceedings, pt. xiv., vol. v.,
pt. ii., large 8vo.

From the Cambridge Antiquarian Society : — Proceedings, 4 July,
1901 to 4 Aug. 1902; 8vo.

From the London & Middlesex Archaeological Society : — Trans-
actions, N.S. i. iv., 8vo., 1902.

From the Bristol & Gloucester Archaeological Society : — (1) Trans-
actions, xxv. i., and (2) A Catalogue of Books, etc., from the
library of the late Rev. David Royce, presented to the Society, with a
Memoir, 8vo.

From the Royal Irish Academy : — Proceedings, (3 ser. vi. 4) for July
and Aug., 1902, vol. xxiv., sec. C., pt. i.

From the Royal Society of Sweden : — Manadsblad for 1897, 8vo.

From the Yorkshire Archaeological Society : — Journal, 66, 1903, vol.
xvii., ii., 8vo. [contains (p. 153) an ' Inventory of the Goods of
Thomas Percy, earl of Northumberland.']

From the Powys-land Club : — Coll. Hist, and ArchL, relating to

Montgomeryshire and its Borders, pt. 62, Nov. 1902, xxxn. i.
Purchases: — The Reliquary fort Jan. 1903 ; The Northern Genealogist,
v. iii. (Dec. 1902) ; The 'Antiquary for Dec. 1902 and Jan. 1903 ;
Notes and Queries, Nos. 257-265 ; Mitthelungen of the Imperial
German Archaeological Institute, xxvu. i. & ii., Rom, 1902 ;
Catalogue of Ancient Deeds, iv., large 8vo. cl., 1902 ; and plans of
Ancient British earthworks, original drawings by the Rev.
Edw. A. Downam [tenth instalment of 10, consisting of Farley
Mount, Walbury, Ashe, and Danebury, Hants ; Wimbledon and
Oystershell hill, Surrey ; Castle Hill, Mangrave Wood, Castle
Toll and Preston Woods, Kent. The other nine instalments
previously obtained are : Theryn Dinas, Caer Bran, Lesingey
Round, and Castel an Dinas, Cornwall ; Kingswear, and Milber
Down, Devon ; Cadbury, Yeovil, Pen Hill, Pen Castle and
Milbornewick, Tedbury, Wadbury, Newbury, and Hamden Hill
(in 4 parts), Somerset ; Powerstock Castle, Eggardon Hill,
Chilcombe, Abbotsbury, Poundbury, Maumbury Rings, Maiden
Castle (in 2 parts), Weatherby, Woodbury, Downs, west of
Dorchester, Spettesbury, Rawlsbury, Hamilton Hill, Wareham
(in 2 parts), Cranborne Castle, King's Court Palace, Gillingham,
Badbury, Dudsbury, Buybury, Knowlton, and Hod Hill, Dorset ;
Quarley, Ashley, Worlbury, Merdon Castle, and Cromwell's
Battery, Hants.]

EXHIBITED : —

By Mr. George Irving, a printed document, addressed to Charles
Sharpe, esq., of Hoddom, Ecclefechan, giving particulars, &c., of
the rules, &c., of Correction Houses. It is endorsed 'Correction

1 Mr. Astley's two papers on Holy Island, extracted from the Journal of the British
Archaeological Assoc., have been printed separately, and are to be obtained from the
author, the Rev. H. J. Dukinfteld Astley, East Rudham Vicarage, King's Lynn, Norfolk,
price one shilling.

House, Dumfries, 1794.' The following are the partiaulars of the
Bridewell at Newcastle :

" I. The men prisoners are kept in proper rooms separate from
the women ; their work is beating hemp or flax, teazing oakum,
or chipping logwood ; and as the Keeper has no salary but the
benefit of their work, except Is. per head gaol-fees, he is under
the necessity either of providing something for them to do, or
receiving no profits. The men begin their work always at six in
summer, and at day-light in winter ; each having his task to do
according to the discretion of the Keeper.

II. — The women prisoners beat hemp or flax, if there is plenty
of that work to do ; but they are mostly kept in spinning linen,
factory yarn, or in spinning woollen yarn, or in knitting if nothing
else can be got, for they must be employed in doing something ;
each woman has her task to do the same as the men ; in linen
yarn they are to spin 12 cuts per day on the short reel, if any
other work, as much as the Keeper thinks proper. The women
begin their work at six o'clock winter and summer ; a light is given
them, to make on their fires before six in winter, for that purposes

III. The Corporation allow each prisoner 2d. per day for sub-
sistence, which 2d. is given to each prisoner every morning at
eight o'clock, when a woman attends on them, and goes and buy.
what each prisoner chooses to have to the value of their 2d., or
if they have any other money of their own, she lays it out for
them : generally they have some friends or relations who bring
them victuals, but this is not allowed unless they behave well ;
and if they do not their work well, Or do not perform their task /
the town's allowance is stopped off them, according to the old
proverb ' They that do not work, are not to eat ;' and no strong
beer, or spirituous liquors, are allowed to be brought to them
on any account ; if any of them are sick, the Corporation provide
them a surgeon.

IV. The prisoners in each room have coals and water given
them every morning, as much as will serve till next day, the
water being brought by pipes into a lead cistern in the inner
yard for that purpose ; they have wood bedsteads, clean straw,
and three coverlids to each bed, for them to lie on ; the straw is
changed as often as the Keeper pleases.

V. The prisoners in each room are to white wash and clean
their rooms, as often as the Keeper thinks it necessary ; whiting
and sand are given them for that purpose ; the Keeper is to pay
a particular attention to this — the cleanliness of the prisons and
the prisoners, for the sake of their healths ; if those who are com-
mitted for a long space of time want necessaries, and they have
no friend or relation to give them any, the Corporation generally
order the Keeper to buy them such cloaths as they are in want of,
in order that they may be kept as clean as possible ; the Corpor-
ation likewise allow them bibles and prayer-books, to read in
their leisure hours.

VI. The Corporation provide a convenient and decent house
for the Keeper to live in, joining the prisons, that the prisoners
may be more immediately under his eye and inspection ; he has
likewise coals and water found him gratis for the use of his family;
and there is a convenient yard for those prisoners that are con-
fined for any length of time, to walk in at the discretion of the
Keeper.

VII. The Corporation find every implement and tool for
working, such as blocks, mells, spinning wheels, &c. &c. and every
other necessary they may want in cooking their victuals, as
pots, mugs, washing tubs,, &c. &c."

By Mr. E. Wooler of Darlington, photographs of two bronze mortars.
The larger is 5£ ins. deep by 4£ ins. diam. at bottom, 6| at top,
with the inscription : LOF GOD VAN AL ANNO 1631. The smaller
is 3 1 ins. deep, by 4 in. in diameter at base, and 4£ at top. (The
illustrations facing this page shew these mortars.)

[In the collection of the society in the Blackgate museum there are
two bronze mortars of similar pattern. One 5in. high by 5|in. in dia-
meter bears the same inscription and date as the larger belonging to Mr.
Wooler ; the other 3£in. high by 5|in. diameter, is earlier and bears
the word AMEN in Lombardics, repeated four times.]

By a member (per Mr. R. Blair) : — A number of documents relating

to the county of Durham, etc.

1. " Copy of a Grant of Langley from Robert Bishop of Durham
to Henry de Instila (or Lisle) : —

Universis christi fidelibus presens scriptum visuris vel audi-
turis, Rob'tus Dei gratia Dunelm' Ep's Sal't'm in D'no Sempit-
ernam. Noverit universitas vestra nos dedisse concessisse &
hac presenti charta n'ra confirmasse dilecto & fideli n'ro Henrico
de Insula p. Homagio & Servitio suo totum Manerium de
Langeley cum p'tinentiis quod fuit eschaetum Ecc'iae n'rae
Dunelm' H'end' & tenend' eidem Henrico & Heredibus suis vel
suis assignatis de nobis & successoribus nostris & Eccl'iae Dunelm'
in perpetuum libere quiete pacifice & integre cum omnibus Liber-
tatibus & aysiamentis ad p'd'cum manerium pertinentibus et ad
omnimodum proficium suum inde faciendum Beddendo inde
annuatim nobis et successoribus nostris ad scacarium Dunelm'
dimidiam Marcam Argenti ad quatuor terminos in Ep'atu Dunelm'
constitutes, et faciendo sectam ad omnes Curias Dunelm' &
forinsecum quantum pertinet ad vicesimam partem feodi unius
militis pro omnibus aliis servitiis consuetudinibUvS exactionibus
& demandis. Volumus etiam et concedir.ius pro nobis et succes-
soribus nostris quod p'd'cus Hen'cus et heredes sui et sui
assignati communicent cum omnibus animalibus et averiis suis in
forinsecis pascuis et pasturis nostris et successorum nostrorum,
et quod totam terram ad dictum manerium pertinentem omni
tempore anni sep'abilem habeant & illam includere possint p.
voluntate sua, et quod idem Henricus & Heredes sui et sui
assignati et omnes Homines sui liberi et quieti sint de panagio
porcorum suorum per forestas nostras et successorum nostrorum
et quod quieti sint de sectis Moleiidinorum nostrorum Et quod
idem Henricus & Heredes sui et sui assignati possint in dicto
tenemento Molendinum construere et habere p' voluntate sua, Et
de tallagiis cum contingerint sint quieti Et quod habeant
Housbote & Haybote per visum forestariorum nostrorum de boscis
n'ris et Successorum nostrorum In hujus rei Testimoiiium huic
Cartae Sigillum nostrum apponi fecimus, His Testibus &c.

It is presumed the Bishop who made this grant was Robert
de Insula who was made Bishop of Durham in 1274 upon the
death of Robert Stichell. the former Bishop.
C bservations on this grant —

That notwithstanding it is called Manerium de Langley, it

Proc. Soc. Antiq. Newc. I. (3 Ser.)

To face page 4.

Diameter at top 4| in., at bottom 4 in., depth 3g in.

Diameter at top 6| in., at bottom 4£ in., depth 5£ in.

BRONZE MORTARS.
[In possession of Mr. E. Wooler of Darlington. ]

seems as if the word Manerium in that grant intends only a
Manse or Dwelling by afterwards giving the Grantee a Power
to build a mill in dicto Tenemento. And that no moor or
Common is thereby granted, but only a common right by the
words, ' quod communicent cum omnibus animalibus et averiis
suis in forinsecis pascuis & pasturis nostris & successorum
nostrorum',' unless the words therein immediately after following
' et quod totam Terrain ad dictum Manerium pertinentem
omni tempore Anni sep'abilem habeant & illam includere possint
p' voluntate sua,' imply that some of the land thereto belonging
then lay open & was waste.

But the several surrenders from the Bishops since to Dorman
& Metcalfe, of Parcells of that very waste claimed to be
Langley Moor, and which Mr. Lambton now holds under such
surrenders are repugnant to this last construction of that grant .
Yet as the repetition of the word manerium in this grant would
be giving Mr. Lambton a stronger pretence to insist upon
Langley s being a Manor, when so called in the Bishop's own
evidence, should we produce and make use of this grant in
Evidence on a Tryal, it is proper to consult our councill in London
whether the Bishop should attempt to produce this grant or
leave it for Lambton to do as he probably may ; In which last
case the Bishop will be more at Liberty to put the above con-
struction upon it in his favour."

2. An incomplete document relating to the ferry across the Wear

at Sunderland :
"Rolls An. 1345, 1406, .1457, 1494, 1502, & 1508.

Vide sep'ales rotulos Computor. qui monstrant Epos. Dun.
habere passagia & his Ferryboates apud Sund. et computa
pro faciendo novos batellos seu cimbos allocat. Dominus rex Edw.
4. demisit Rob't. Bertram Burgu' de Sund. cum o'ib's proficias
ad nide spectan. Et passag. ultra aquam de were etc. Habend.
dvrante vac. Sedis Dun'. & quamdiu temporalitates manerent
in manib's regis, red. 6s an ad scac1;.!. Dun. Et dictus rex providere
cymbam p. d'co passag. Rot. cl. Laur. Epi. mem. No. 56.

Concessio Burgi pred. A Ferry boat seu passag. ultra aquam
de weare &c., p. cartam pol. Rad° Bowes & Sequilis suis
secund. cons. cur. halmot. &c., 18th Octr, 22 Eliz. 1590 Rot.
cl. p.m. Barnes, 10.11.

Compotum Auditor. Episc. & cancellar. ejus de redditibus
Burgi & passagij trans rivum per ferry boat &c. Annis 1 Hen.
2; 19 Ed. 3; 7 Hen. 4 ; 5 Hen. 5 ; 36 Hen. 6 ; 17,18, 24 Hen. 7—
Registro 2<l. & C. 15, 32 Ed. 3.— Rex. Ed. 4, sede vacante
demisit Rob. Bertram &c. ut supra.

22 Hen. 7. Ch. Bainbrigg &c. demisit Ro. Bowes &c. 32 Eliz.
1590. Math. Hutton &c. demisit Ro. Bowes &c. 1729, The
demise to Wm. Lambton was of the Borough with the Courts
Markets fairs Tolls anchorage Beaconage &c., and to Walter
Ettricke of the ferry boat, passage, the metage & Tolls of
Herbs, Fruit, & roots, &c., for 21 years.

The express Language of the Leases, was ' Of all those his
[the Bishop's] Ferryboats of Sunderland &c., and the passage
' over the water part or River of Sunderland, with free egress,
' regress, and landing over the said water for all carriages &
' passengers, over both sides of the sd water,' &c.

The evidences are all to be found in the Rolls of the Bishops
Courts.

The Dean and Chapters Records have of late years been shut
up wth great jealousy. The only references I am possessed of
are to two of their Registers or Cartularies, but they lead to little
discovery, tho' they give an apprehension that the Prior
anciently claim'd a passage. There will be no means of opening
their Repository to give you satisfaction ; but by your own
address to the Chapter.

The minits are : — Vide evidencias prioris Dun. q'd passagia
batelli Sund. est p. firmarium levat. absque dimissione Epi Dun.
& injuriore Sup. Prior em usurpat nullo redditu inde d'no E'po
solat, seu priori Dun., 1, Cart. 313. Evidenc. p. passagio int.
Monkweremouth and Sunderland. 4. Cart. 299.

This last reference would perhaps produce some ample dis-
coveries.

If the Monastery had any ferry boat right, it must have been
by special grant from the See, or by ancient custom ; the
evidence of either have never come under my eye. I have
several ancient Inquisitions taken by the Admiralty Court of
the Bishop of Durham, but find no presentment for a Boat as a
usurpation against the Bishop.

EXCHEQUER Mich. Term. 4 K. la. 2. Sir Jn° Williamson,
Bart., & Dame Dorothy his wife in Mich. Term. 35 Car. 2,
exhibited their Bill ag* Nath1. Lord Bp of Durham &
Geo. French stating that being seized in fee of the cell or
Monastery of Monkweremouth, were seized of the soil of the
River were to the middle thereof as far as their Lawes extended
on the north side of the River, and were intitled to the privilege
of BEACONAGE, ANCHORAGE, PLANKAGE, & WARFAGE on the
north side of the said River. On hearing the cause & reading
divers records, the Court determined that the Privileges of
BEACONAGE, ANCHORAGE, & PLANKAGE, were privileges
properly belonging to a ROYAL PORT, & that the pfs were
incapacitated to hold the same." [Here the document, in which
there are several palpable errors, abruptly ends.]

3.— "A trewe Rentall of the Balywicke of Byshoppmiddlehame

written June 23rd 1595
Mydlame, Mr. George ffrevile for the Lease of the De-

Mannor maines & Dippwell xn xijd

And for the Copiholde Lande in the occupa-

con of Mr. ffrevile vju vjs viijd

Sedge- John younge 4 maile oxgang viijs

feilde Robt. Johnson 3 maile ox' vjs

maile Ric: Bocherbye one maile ox' ijs

landes Wed. Hickson 2 maile ox' iiijs

Rich: Chippchaise 2 maile ox' iiijs

The said Rich for an olde rente xxd

Wed: Johnson 2 maile ox' iiijs

Rich: Swineborne 3 maile ox' vjs

John Watkine one maile ox' ijs

John Bellerbye 1 maile ox' viijs

Lance' Maison 4 maile ox' viijs

Robt: Maison 5 maile ox' xs

Dyonas Maison one maile ox' is

Rich: Gibson one maile ox' ijs

Rich. Browne 2 maile ox' iiijs

John Hickson 2 maile ox' iiijs

Robt Todde one Cottage xijd

John Bigbye one cottage xijd

Edmunde Smythe one cottage xijd

Robt Maison 2 cottages ijs

Least Robt. Walker one cottage xijd

35s.7d.ob.

Sedge- Robt. Johnson 3 bonde oxgange ijs ixd ob. q.

feild John Hickson 2 bonde ox' xxijd ob.

bonde Wed: Johnson 4 bonde ox' iijs ixd

landes John Watkine 3 bonde ox' ijs ixd ob. q.

wch I Mr. Swifte 3 bonde ox' ijs ixd ob. q.

clayme, John Close 2 bonde ox' xxijd ob.

aspcellofLance' Maison 2 bonde ox' Copie xxijd ob.

my fee, as Wed. ffleathino 2 bonde ox' Copie xxijd ob.

all other Adam Wheatley one bonde ox' xjd q.

balifes Anthony Hyndmers 2 bonde ox' xxijd ob.

haithe Rich: Gibson 2 bonde ox' Copie xxijd ob.

had here-Robt Walker one bonde ox' xjd q.

t:>fore John Herrison 2 bonde ox' Copie xxijd ob.

John Potter 2 bonde ox', L xxijd ob.

Cuth: Gibson 2 bonde ox', L xxijd ob.

Robt: Mattinson 2 bonde ox', L xxijd ob.

Rich. Browne 3 bond ox', L 2 one Copie ijd ixd ob. q.

Itm Farme & Land of the tennantes of
Sedgefeild, 3 wheate Sheaves of everie oxgange

26s. 8d. Cuthbt Athie, for a tennemt wch ever heretofore

Mains- did belonge to the balife of Middlam xxs

forthe Wed. ffarrowe for a free rente vjs viijd

Wed. Morlande a pound of pepp'

4s.Middlame towne- Mr. George ffrevile xijd

shipp the wch I Robt. Stellinge xijd

clayme as p'cell of Hughe Moore viijd

my fee as other Wed. grenell vjd

bailifes haithe had Rich. Huchinson vjd

heretofore. Rich: Carter iiijd

15s. Cornefourthe John Wrighte ixd

towneshippe wch Wed ffrissell ixd

I clayme as p'cell Lance Selbie xviijd

of my fee as other James Colledge xviijd

balifes haithe had Wed. Armestronge xiijd ob.

heretofore. Thomas Littster xviijd

Wed. Middleton ixd

Henrie Herreson xviijd

Lance. Akess xviijd

Jarrard Herreson xiijd ob.

Raiphe Weaddowes xxijd ob.

Nicholas Laibrone xiijd ob.

Itm I ame to haue of the tennanntes of Corne-
fourthe x bushells of Oates after the
olde measure belonginge to the office.

The some of mr. wardes Rentall due & pay-
able by him to my Lord xxjn xvjs

whereof he haithe paied Sums by himself

& othrs xvijH xjd

Robt the collr. of Sedgefeild

account of the said Money due to my L sett downe

the pticular names who paide it to him. And if I haue
receyue it yt shalbe allowed.

And for the sev'rall somes of xxxvs vijd ob., iiijs, xvs
appearing in this Rentall claimed by the Bailif to be his ffee and
the Come likewise, what is Collected hereof by the said Collectr
it must be reserued to my L vse and not paied to the Balif till
my L be acquainted therewith."

4. — ''The whitsondaie Rent 1608.
Bondgate, Auckland.

Henry Maugham xs iiijd

Henry Maugham ijd

Leonard Pinckney viijs xd

Stephen Brasse iis

Mr. Baynes for Robinson

land viijs vjd

Baynes for wren land . . . vjs xd
Baynes for Parlet land. .xvs vijd
Baynes for Blythma' land xxiijd

Anth. Smithe xijd

Jo. wa stell xxijd

Tne fire Schoole2 vjd

Henry Bayles3 xs xd

Henry Bayles vijs ijd

Henry Bayles vjd

Henry Bayles ijs

Hen.BaylesforGrymist(?)vd

Hen Bayles iid

Hen Bayles iiijd

Jo: Conyers for pcell of

Grym: xijd

wedow Carr xijd

Sr Charles wrenn iijs viijd

Willm Bras vd ob

vxor Somer xxs x^

Bryan Downes xiijs

Henry Maugha' vd

Brvan Belt . .

Anthony Alleson xijd

Anthony Alleson xxs jd

Anthony Alleson for his

cottage xijd

Rich: Lynger ijs

Tho: ffremde iiijs

Tho: ftremde ijd

vxor Skowles iijsl vd

Tho: hodgeson vs viij(

Tho: hodgeson for p. of

Barberland iijd

Tho: hodgeson for pcell

of ffaireland vjd

Tho: hodgeson for his

f rehold id ob

Dorithie Grice v5 vijd

Tho: hall meadowes . . . .vjs

Ellen Daunport vs vijd

katheren walker iiijd

Mr. hedworth xd

Thorn: Bayles iiijs

Richmond close iijs

2 In the herald's visitation made by Richard St. George in 1615 it was declared that
Henry Bayles of Newton Cap was not entitled to bear arms. The Charter for North
Auckland Grammar School granted by king James on the petition of Ann Swyfte of the
city of Durham late wife of Robert Swyfte of the aforesaid city deceased (he was pre-
bend of the first stall, and Rector of Sedgefield), was given at Westminster on the
seventh day of September, in the second year of his reign over England, France, and
Ireland (1604), arid this document recites that there shall be twelve discreet and honest
men appointed as governors and Henry Bayles is one of the twelve. He attended their
first meeting and was constant in his attendance up to, and including the important
meeting of 9 July 1640 (the first under the Commonwealth) when the bishop was removed
from the list of governors, and Hugh Wright of Windlestone was elected in his place.
There in an entry of four lines at the side of this minute, thus :— Master displaced ;
Ecclesiastical Dignities now abolished and the Revenues seized by the Parliament. On
the 8 January, 1643, Toby Wright of Windlestone, gent, was elected in the place of
Henry Bayles deceased. The Newton Cap Estate was purchased by Mr. Bacon of
Staward le pele about 1695. John Bacon's name is entered in a Book of Rates for the
Township of Newton Cap in 1703.— R.N.

Rich: Trotter vjs viijd

Thorn: Adamson vjs viijd

Mr. Pollard iijs ixd

The pynder of west Auck-
land viijs ijd

The moore close xxiij5 4d

The preist feild vs

Willm Stock iiijd

Peter Copp'thwaite . . . .iiijd

Anthony Cradock iiijd

Willm Midleton iijd

Robart Grice iijd

Robart Grice id ob

Robart Grice ob

Jo: Robsonn iijd

Sr henry Bellasis iijd ob

The white house id

The Chappell of St. Anne vd

Mereday wright iijd

Leonard Pinckney xijd

Leonard Pinckney ijd

Barres Green jd

Jo: Richeson iijd

Jo: Richeson xijd

vxor Skowles xijd

Georg Robinson xijd

Jo: Tallentire vjd-

Willm Robson xijd

Tho: Askew vijd

Willm Stock . . -. xijd

Elizabeth Robinson . . . .xvjd

Michaell vasey xijd

Wedow Midleton xijl

J. Robinson xijd

Alice Shorterigg xijd

. . White xijd

Rich: Tomson xijd

John Swainston [inter-
lined 'w: hutton']. . .xvd
Jo. Sympson [interlined
'Richard Thomson'] . id

Cheppelow vjd|

Willm Trotter jd °b

Thomas Bayles iijd

Robt Tweddell viijd

Tho: Adamson vjd

the old walke mylne .... xxs
the new walke mylne . . . xxs

the lyme pitte ijd

Soncleys closes xvjs

the whinny close iijs iiijd

Barberland xjs viij(

the wynde mylne xxs

Summa xvjn xixs x

5. — A document on a sheet of foolscap paper endorsed ' Survey of ye
Demesnes of Durham, 1619.' At the beginning are the words ' From
regr 2d tempore Ricardi Epi 1618. A survey made ye 31 May 1619
of ye Demesnes of Durham, wth each p'ticular meadow & Pasture' in
bishop Chandler's handwriting : —

DURHAM DEMAINE. ac. TO. per.

1st. The Heather Meadow called by ye name

of Bishops Meadows containing 18 1 33

The farther meadow 15 3 17

The brode wood in Francklin 200 1 12

The ox Close in Francklin 68 1 17

The Meadow Close in Francklin 14 2 35

The Rye field in Francklin 70 2

The Gate feild in Francklin 8 2 35

The Leeses 43 2

The Calfe Croft 6 2 21

The House & Fould 10 0

Brass side Common 92 3 0

Sum 438acn 2ro. 14per.

Whereof the Bishops meadows are 34 1 10

and within Francklin 311 2 4

and Brass side Common 92 3 0

All these being added do make ye whole sum
aforesd to be ... .438ac. 2ro. 14per.

STOCKTON DEMAINE.

1st. The Parke 213 4

Thornes with ye Horse Close 62 2 30

Heather winter field 38 3 6

ac. ro. per.

The feild at Park Head 50 2 16

The Middle winter feild 64 2 1

Great Summer feild 105 2 33

Kellsey Hill 75 3 25

The Castle 2 1 20

The Smyths bank • . . 30 0

The Orcharde 0 3 26

Sum 426ac. Iro. Iper.

DEMANES IN LEASE.

William scurrfeild houldeth Low Sund lands 35 3 1

And also Boes feild containing 141 311

Thos Lambert ye further new close 12 2 32

And the Meadow by Bells Close 50 0

And also the west rowe Close 2 3 24

The Tenants of Stockton houldeth by Custom

the Heather new Close 27 2 40

And Court ffeild 170 0 11

And also Bells Close & Hall burne 107 0 11

For the wch they pay rent unto the Bayly of -

Stockton xxiij11 xiiijsh

The Grainge feild without coppy of Lease . . 225 2 24
And payeth rent .... iiij1 xiijs
The Tenants of Horburne houldeth Court lees
without Coppy or Lease & payeth rent
the sum of 44 s 4d to ye Bailiff of Stockton.

Lustrows Meadow 39 3 12

Kitchens Meadow 130 8

Norton North Meadow 192 0

Sum 816ac. 2ro. 19per.

The whole sum of all is 1244 0 30

DEMAINE OF AUCKLAND.

1st. The Park within the Walles & pales is .. 6521 8

The Stewards Close 21 0

The File Close 15 2 30

The Bough Meyers 12 1 20

The Bank before ye Castle 3317

Sum 686ac. 3ro. 35per.

The Moore Close is in Lease and containeth . . 285 3 0
The whole sum of all ye Demaines in Auck-
land is 972ac. 2ro. 35per.

Copyhold Land in Escombe lately improved —

1st. The East feild 162 2 0

The Middle feild 97 1 0

The West feild 8 1 30

Sum 348ac. Oro. 30per.

ESCOMBE.

The Lord hath 4 acres & 16 perches allowed
for waste in the East field

The ould enclosure in the Midle feild 49 0 8

The Hurst in divers parcells 165 1 26

The Carr 65 1 0

The Launde 61 3 0

Mr. Beltes old enclosure by ye Common .... 44 2 18

The Bankes & Battes 26 0 0

West Haugh 52 1 0

East Haugh 22 0 22

Sum 486ac. Iro. 14per.

The whole sum of all Escombe is 834ac. Iro.
4per. which being divided into 12 lands
and a halfe there will be 67ac. 23 per. to
every Land

BLACKWELL COPPYHOLD LANDS. aC. TO. per.

1st. The South feild 252 0 12

The East feild 223 3 18

The North feild 212 1 28

The ox pasture 170 0 32

The Moor 224 3 34

The Horse pasture 4"! 0 35

The Horse Meadow 71 1 21

Under the Bank 153 3 10

Long lanke alias long Draught 61 0 6

The Holme 62 2 26

Sum 1473ac. 2ro. 12per.

Whereof there is to be deducted 30ac. wch
belongeth unto Darrington so resteth
1443 acres 2 Roods & 12 pearches to be
divided equally into 54 oxgangs & a
halfe so yt each oxgang is to have 20
acres and the rest to be the Lords waste
wch amounts to 353ac. 2ro. 12 per.
And the Town of Blackwell hath allowed unto
ye Lord but 20 acres so that by the above
account they have reduced the Lord of
his waste 333 acres.
Grange Close belongeth to Cockerton Divided

into 3 parts contain1'1 302 0 0

STANHOPE.

1st. — Citten berge & ye House & Fould .... I 2 26

The little Close 41 28

The Home hill meadow 4010

The Horse hawe Meadow 4 2 36

The haugh wth hanggen Gates 198 1 19

The Height 343 2 14

The Side 121 0 10

Newgate Meadow 10 0 22

Cammakegle Meadow 60 4

The Oxen Close 4 1 24

The East Corn Green 9018

Low Green 6 1 32

Gerse Greene 8 2 38

Green heade 9 0 28

Sum 73 lac. 3ro. 29per.

WM. FETHERSTON OF THE PARK HOUSE.

1st. — Side urse pasture & park head 53 2 24

The Great Meadow 68 0 0

Castle feild Close 62 1 39

The Calfe Close 3 3 23

New Close 6 2 37

Tamers eyle & 6 day work 31 2 13

Sum 226ac. $ro 5per.

MATHEW WHITTFEILD OF HORSLEY HEAD.

Mathew Whitfeild hath 4 parcells marked
with A.B.C.D. :—

ac. ro. per.

A. containeth 7 1 19

B. containeth 23 3 38

C. containeth 32 0 23

D. containeth 23 1 10

Sum. ..... 86ac. 3ro. lOp.

44 Beast Gates in byllen.

LEEY & ATKINSON OF CUMBERLAND

1st. Leese House & fould 2 1 28

Atkyns Close 12 2 2

Atkyns Meadow 2 1 37

Leese Wood containeth 22 2 0

Leese Midle Close 10 2 16

The Meadow 31 0 8

The Coylhie Pasture 127 3 10

Sum 209ac. Iro. 21per.

RALPH TROTTER OF LANGLEY

Langley Pasture 21 2 31

The Corn Close 4 1 23

The pingle meadow ground 9 3 35

The Hazells 36 2 2

The Side Dole 27 3 9

Sum lOOac. Iro. 20per.

HELD BY OFFICE

Scabbes dyle 10 1 12

14 Beast Gates in Billen

RICHARD EMKSON

The Dyle 9 1 0

14 Beast Gates in Bylen

DEMAINE

The ffirth 210 0 0

The spring House 48 0 0

Customary Land within Stanhope Park .... 1517 0 12

Leased Land within the Park 1274 3 20

Demaines 258 0 0

Sum 4149ac. 3ro. 32per.

AN ABSTRACT OF ALL THE SUMMARY. ac. TO. per.

Durham 438 2 14

Stockton 1244 0 30

Escombe 834 1 '4

Blackwell 1473 2 12

Cockerton 302 0 0

Bedburne Park 466 0 24

Auckland 972 2 35

Berkley Wood 251 2 38

Stanhope Park 4149 3 32

Sum tot' 10133ac. Oro. 29per.

By Thomas Burdett."

[At end a note by bishop Chandler, ' Chester Cavils Surveyed in ye
same rog[, p. 323. Osmotherly Survey in pt. p. 326.']

[On back in the same bishop's handwriting —

' p. 393. A large common in ye Moors of Shinkcliff belonging to

ye Grange of Quarrington containing 108 acr. enclosed 1620.

p. 395. Wharrington & Shinkly Moors divided by consent

of Bp. of D» & Ch.
Leave to enclose at Norton.']

6. — The next paper, also on a sheet of foolscap paper, is endorsed by

bishop Chandler ' An extract out of ye book of ye Rents &
revenues belonging to ye BP of Durham wth Mr. Fetherston's
*"M inf ormacon concerning ye leases in Stanhopp : '
"A note of such Offices as are vseless, together with ye Salaries pd to

ye respective Officers out of the Excheqr at Durham. li s. d.

To the Keeper of Awkland Parke 4 : 06 : 08

To the fforester in Werdale1 6 : 13 : 04

To the Keeper of Stanhop Parke 5 : 13 : 06

More 31. Ss. not pd of late.

To the Forrester of Frankland2 2 : 17 : 00

Not pd of late yeeres.

To the fforrester of Birkly 1 : 10 : 04

To the Pallaier of Awkland Parke 1 : 10 : 00

To the Surveyor of the Cole mines 2 : 00 : 00

Not allowed of late.

To the Keeper of mannor of Awkland 2 : 00 : 00

To the ffeodary of the Bp 6 : 1 3 : 04

To the Constable of the Castle of Durham 17 : 00 : 00

Offices void.
The Prothonotary — no fee

To the Baliffe of Wolsingham 2 : 00 : 00

To ye Steward of ye Borrough Court at BP

Awkland 1 : 06 : 08

The Summe totall of ye BP' of Durhams revenue. I. s. d.

Darlington Ward ye ancient revenue 746:18:06|

Chester Ward 462:03:11

Easington Ward 439 : 06 : 09£

Stocton Ward 344 : 07 : 10

The mines of cole 301 : 09 : 00

Forreigne receipts 057 : 04 : 03£

Forrests & Parkes 170 : 02 : 02

Ecclesiasticall pencions 088 : 13 : 00

Escheate lands 000 : 15 : 02

Holden & Holdenshire 461 : 17 : 05

Allerton & Allertonshire 225 : 03 : 09

Gateside bridge 003 : 02 : 00

Summa totalis 3301 : 03 : 10£

The jura Regalia of the Palatine of Durham &\

the Perquisits of ye Halmot courts valued V 500 : 00 : 00

to be worth ^ ann' 3 J

The demeasne lands . . 347 : 1 0 : 00

The revenue of ye Bp is 4148 : 13 : 10|

Wherof to be deducted in ffees to Patentees &

Pentioners 274 : ():'. : f 9

Rests de claro 3874 : 10 : 01 .|

More ye Kings rent to be deducted & ye de-
cried rents — the tenths .

i The Deere being all destroyed. 2 The Woods destroyed

;J Wardships taken away ye Jura Regalia little worth.

Nov. 27th 1660 Mr. Fetherstons Informac'on concerning ye leases at
Stanhopp

Mr. Jno. Emerson Maior of Newcastle this yeere holdeth \
a lease of Eastgate for Hues wherof 2 or all are dead he lets /
it to his under Tenant (widow Emerson) at 1021. p. arm. V 1201
There is a very good house upon this farme wherin any (
Gent' may Hue it cost him 5001 )

Lance Trotter held a lease of for 21 y. wch /

are now this last Mich'mas expired ye clere yeerely value j> 50
(& so let to Emerson ye widow) is 501 )

Ralfe Andrson of Ovingham held a lease of one halfe of )
Sundrland farme for 21 yeeres wch are expired 7 yeeres I 20
since worth 201. ^ ann' & so let to Mich : Thompson . . . . j

Tho. Emerson holdeth ye other halfe but his old lease ( ^n
from ye Bp. is expired worth as before I

Toby Pilkington holds a lease of Park house for 3 1 fi~
Hues whereof 2 are dead worth & so let yeerely 601 f

Mr. Greeve a Mrchant of Newcastle who married Geo. j
Whitfields widow held a lease of Horslyhead for 21 yeeres I __
expired 4 y since worth & so let to widow Emrson (
501. $ ann. There is a good tenants house on it '

7. — The following document, written on a sheet of foolscap, is en-
dorsed, * Papers belonging to ye Bishoprick of Durham. Ye Chapter
appeal to ye Bp as visitor ' : —

"Die Martis Vicesimo Septimo (vizt.) die Mensis Julij A° D'ni
1686 Inter horas Nonam et Duodecimam ante Meridiem ejusdem
diei, In Domo Capitulari Eccl'ise & Cath'lis Dunelm' Coram Honbli
Viro lohanne Mountagu S. T. P. Revdi in Christo patris et D'ni
D'ni Nathanaelis providentia divina Dunelm' Ep'i Comisinario
ad infrascript' 1'time constitut' In prsentia Mei loh'is Rowell
Notarij Pub'ci.

Negotium Visitationis Eccl'ise'j Emanavit Monico cona Decanum et

Cath'lis Dunelm' ad rogatumj Capitulum Canonicos Majores, Canonicos

et Supplicationem Duorumf Minores cseterosq' ejusdem EccPise Minis-

d'cseEccl'iaeCanomcorumSive/tros, ad Comparend' istis die horis et

prbendariorum (vizt) loh'isl Loco ad subeund' Visitationem humoi:

Morton et Gulielmi Graham J Quibus die horis et Loco introducta

S. T. P. I Monicone Sive Citatione Ep'ali in hac

parte emanat' cum Certificatorio Authentico debitae Execu-

tionis ejusdem et Schedula eidem Certificatorio annex' nomina

Canonicorum Major' et minor' aliorumq' dictae Eccl'iae Ministro-

rum et Omciarioru' ad Subeund' Visitationem humoi Monitor'

et Citator' in Se continen' D'nus Comrius eosdem sic Citatos

prconizar' jussit, Quibus publice prconizat' D'nus Decanus

Nonnullisq Canonicorum Majorum et Minorum Ministrorumq'

prd personaliter Comparuerunt prout Super eorum Nominibus

in d'ca Schedula denotatur ; Tune d'cus D'nus Comrius ex

parte Revdi in Christo patris Visitatoris petijt vera' Copiam

omnium et Singulorum Actorum Sive Decretorum Capituli pen-

dente Visitatione Ep'ali d'ci Revdi patris Eccl'ise Suae Cath'lis prd

A° D'ni 1685 celebrat' factorum et ordinatorum, Quam quidem

Copiam D'nus Decanus in Manus d'ci Comr'J dedit et Deliber-

avit, Deinde D'nus Comrius rogavit a d'tis Mro Morton et Dre

Graham Causus Sive rationes hujus Visitationis a D'no Ep'o

rogandi et Supplicandi: Unde d'cus Mr Morton declaravit Se

gravatum esse per Georgium Wheler Militem hujus Eccl'ise

Canonicum Sive prbendarium in Vendicando Senioritatem Sibi
prfato loh'i Morton ut Canonico Sen prbendario d'cse Eccl'iae
debit', ac de jure et Statutis ejusdem Eccl'iae Spectan' et
pertinen', Et humilr petijt Determinationen Visitatoris in ea
parte, et d'cus Dcor Graham Similr petijt et Declaravit ; Tune
dcus Georgius Wheler Miles Canonicus Sive prbendarius antedcus
Exhibuit dco Dno Comrio Causas Sive Rac'ones in Scriptis de
Senioritate p. eum petita con* d'cum Mrum Morton et quoad
j)rem Graham Senioritatis rogac'oni renunciavit. Unde d'cus
Comrius Terminum assignavit ad Consulend' Superinde
cum D'no Ep'o et Visitationem humoi continuavit et prorogavit
usq' ad et in Diern Veneris Decimu' Nonum (viz*.) Diem Mensis
Novembris prox' futur' horis et Loco prd et Monuit o'es et
singulos prsentes adtunc ad Interessend'.

19 Nov. 1686, Coram loh'e Mountagu, S. T. P. Com"0
prsente. — J. R.

Negotium Visitatioriis, &c. Continuatur et prorogatur Visitatio
humoi in hos diem horas et Locum Ad Audiend' Voluntatem
Dni ComriJ Super Copia Decreti Capituli Sibi Dat' et Sup' Causis
sive rac'onibus p' D'num Georgium Wheler Militem de Senioritate
p. Eum petita cona loh'em Morton S.T.B. hujus Eccl'iae Canoni-
cum Dat' et Exhibit', in hos diem horas et Locum Quibus die
horis et Loco D'nus Comrius anted' cus dedit et Exhibuit mihi
Notario publico prd Sententiam Declarationem Sive Determin-
ationem Revdi in Christo patris Dni Episcopi Visitatoris antedci
de et Super prmissis in Scriptis concept' et Sigillo Suo Ep'ali
Sigillat', eandemq' a me publice perlegi Jussit qua Sic perlecta
D'nus Comrius eandem inactitari et Reg'rari jussit, et Visita-
tionem humoi usq' in Diem Decimum Nonum mensis Julij
prox' sequen' inter horas ejusd' Diei Solitas continuavit et
prorogavit.

Md Cop' hujus act' dat' Decano. Postea Nil act' Sed lapsa est
hsec Visitatio."

8 — " Dispensations granted by the King to ye dignitaries of Durham."
(a) " George R.

GEORGE the Second by the Grace of God King of Great Britain
ffrance and Ireland Defender of the ffaith and so forth To all to
whom these Presents shall Come GREETING WHEREAS it hath
been humbly Represented unto us That our Trusty and Well be-
loved John Mountague Dr. in Divinity Dean of our Cathedral
Church of Durham is detained at Peterborough in his Road to
Durham by an Illness that has there seized him so that he cannot
possibly keep his statutable Residence there which was fixed for
the Twenty first day of this instant October, nor considering his
great age he being upwards of seventy two be in a capacity to at-
tend the Grand Chapter Audit which is to be held on the twentieth
day of November next ensuing ; WEE therefore taking the pre-
mises unto our Royal Consideration Do out of our Princely Grace
and ffavour dispense with his Residence on the said Twenty first
day of this instant October, and also with his absence on the said
Twentieth of November next, Reserving to him the said John
Mountagu the same power by Letter to Chuse Chapter Officers, to
nominate to Livings, and all other his Decanal Powers as if
he was actually Resident upon his Deanery, as also all Profitts
and Advantages to him belonging, as if he was then and there
present, whereof all persons concerned are to take due notice,

And in order thereunto our will and pleasure is, that these pre-
sents be Registered in the Registry of our said Cathedral Church.
Given at our Court at Saint James's the Tenth day of October
1 727 in the first yeare of our Reign

By his Majesties Command
Peterburgh."

[Two endorsements : one of them in bishop Chandler's hand-
writing 'Dr Mountagues dispensation.']
(6) " George R.

Trusty & wellbeloved we Greet you well, Whereas our
Trusty & well beloved Robert Offley Master of Arts & Rectr
of Abinger in our County of Surrey has by his Petition humbly
represented unto us, yt he has been many years one of ye Pre-
bendaries of our Cathedral Church of Durham & constantly
kept Residence there, but being now above seventy years of age,
& ye distance between his said Rectory & our City of Durham
being more than two hundred miles, he is not able to bear the
fatigue of so long a journey, wherefore he has humbly prayed us,
yt in consideration of his Age & Infirmities we wou'd dispense
wth his Residence, we are graciously pleased to condescend [to his]
Request, & do accordingly by these presents dispense wth his
Residence & attendance on ye usual Chapters there for &
during the Term of two years, his turns of preaching in our sd
Cathedral Church only excepted, And our will & pleasure is, yt
you do from time to time allow unto him the sd Robert Offley, so
long as he shall continue Prebendary of ye sd Church all Rights,
Profits, dividends, benefits, advantages & emoluments what-
soever to ye sd Prebend in any wise belonging or usually al-
lowed on acct of the same, in as full & ample a manner
as any Prebendary actually Resident doth enjoy ye same or as
he the sd Robert Offley might enjoy them, if he were actually
Resident in the sd Church, any Statute, Custom, or Constitu-
tion of ye sd Church to ye contrary notwithstanding, with all
wch we are pleased in this case graciou'sly to dispense & do
dispense by these presents according to ye power in ye Statutes
of ye sd Church reserved unto us, & so we bid you Farewell.
Given at our Court at St. James ye 30th day of April 1739. In
ye 12 year of our Reign.

By his Majesties Command

Holies Newcastle."
[Superscribed « To our Trusty & well beloved the Dean & Chapter

of our Cathedral Church of Durham.']

9 — A petition of 28 July, 1798, of the debtors in Durham prison: —

" To the Rt. Reverend Father in God Shute Barrington Lord

Bishop of Durham

The petition of the debtors in Jail Durham

Humbly Sheweth

That your petitioners with Just sorrow and regrett in this Our
present unhappy situation lament that we are under the necessity
of Addressing your Lordship by petition on the present occasion
As we doubt not but you will allow that what we wish for is just
and reasonable and that it will be thought so by your Lordship.

Our desire is if it meets with your Lordships approbation to

have the present contracted hours of admittance enlarged so far
as your Lordship thinks right, at present its a hardship added
to our present situation that when our wives, Children, friends, or
Creditors cannot be admitted nor go out but between the Hours
of Eight O'clock in the Morning and twelve at noon, of each day,
and they cannot be admitted after twelve on Saturday untill
eight on monday after tho on the most pressing emergancy, and
perhaps strangers in the place and has no doubt traveled Twenty
or Thirty miles, this is hard, and truth and there is not such a
Rule we presume in any Goal in England, besides there is no
attendance by the turnkey as he has both this House and the
House of Correction to attend which takes off his attention from
us in looking for an enlargement to this our petition we shall
think Ourselves bound in duty to respect your Lordship,

& shale ever pray, &c."

[Signed by Edward Routledge, Robt. Paxton, Chris. Wilkinson,
Robt. Self, Robt. Grant, John Harrison, John Taylor, Joseph
Wood, Robert Bainbridge, sen. and jun., John Robson, Thomas
Simpson, James Currie, and Jane Branch."

Endorsed :— ' Debtors Petition, July 28, 1798.]

10. — All the documents which follow relate to Stanhope and neigh-
bourhood, the mines, and law-suits relating to them : —

(a.) " The case betweene Wharton & Hall drawn up as thus by
George Wray & fit for the Lord Bpp of Durham to
understand & consider.

1. The Lo. Bpp of Durham above Sixty yeares agoe grants
to Mr. Whartons Ancestors a patent for tearme of life expressing
as thus: That he is Mooreman als. Mooremr of all the Moores,
waste Ground & soile within the parrishes of Stanhop &
Wolsingham with power to digg Mines for ye wineing of Lead
ure, soe that it be not iwithin any mans severall or inclosed
ground.

2dl> Mr. Whartons Ancestors enjoyed this patent for life
& did renew it about foure or five discents before any lease that
Hall had or any for him. Now I conclude in law & reason that
Mr. Wharton neither had or hath (by the expressed words of that
patent) due to any Interest there, but Moores & waists of wch
he hath one Great Moore called Bollyhoope, another called Stan-
hop Hoope both in Stanhop parrish, & other large Moores in
Woolesingham parrish wch are noe stinted pastures, but every
man may put on wt he pleases without limitacon. Therefor
Moores & wasts : And these Mr. Hall challengeth noe Interest
in, & further Mr. Whartons Ancestors & his, haue, doe &
probably may worke Lead mines by the vertue of that patent in
these two particulars abouenamed.

3dly ffor the fforrest wch is all stinted pastures, mans
severall and inclosed Grounds I hold it plaine that they are
excepted in Mr. Whartons patent, & though he haue enjoyed
them without any molestacon, till this question, he either did or
was to Accompt to the Bpp for them & soe not in him.

4thi> jy[y reason is this Mr. Halls father who tooke the
former Lease (before this wch is now in being) in Alphonsus
Bulmers name, wch was the first lease wch ever was taken of the
Bps of these Mines, ffor he looked into Mr. Whartons patent &
ground & found that all severall & inclosed grounds were

free for any man to take, & soe accordinly went to ye Bp
& acquainted him with the same, & so the Bp granted
him a Lease & reed a Considerable fine of him in moneys, &
reserveing the Lot or such a rent for him & his successors.
And his lease was granted in these very words, all Copy-
holders, all Customary Tenants & all Leaseholders in Wooles-
ingham & Stanhop parish in Wearedale.

Sthiy it is to be considered that it had beene an high wrong
in ye Bp 3 waies as thus ffirst to grant away from Mr. Wharton
w* he had granted before to him, & now Mr. Wharton con-
ceives & stands upon the same as his right ; & it was as great
a wrong in the Bpp to receive Mr. Halls money, & grant him
that wch he cannot injoy, & Srdly the greatest wrong as it
plainely appeares to himselfe if he had not plainely vnderstood
w* he did but both by the expresse words in the patent & ye
lease it is plaine he did.

gthiy NOW sixthly & lastly Mr Halls father understood
all this in his former lease wch was taken about eight &
Twenty or Thirty yeares agoe, & urged & alleadged all this
to Sr Arthur Haselrige when he first begannne his commands here,
but Mr. Hall being a papist & a delinquent could have no
Justice nor right from him, but carried all before him, And there-
for this is a Just & true reason why Mr. Hall could not question
Mr. Whartons patent before this time. And for ye whole point
wch Mr. Wharton stands soe upon, wch is his continuance by
severall patents. All Mr. Halls councell doe possitively affirme,
It is a cleare point to all ye Inclosers wch were but a Moneth
before the last patent & soe to the whole fforrest, that is all
severalls & stinted pastures haue beene & dayly are Inclosers
taken of the fforrest, & may be all, or likely to be in time,
with the consent of the Customary Tenants without any
priudice at all to the Bp."

[Endorsed : ' Mr. Wm. Hall Lead Mines. Co : Geo Wreys opinion '
followed in bishop Chandler's handwriting : ' upon a dispute
between ye moor master & Mr. Hall Lessee of ye mines in ye
enclosed grounds.']

(6) A paper endorsed 'Bill & answer. The case between ye Rector
& Bp' is, with the notes which are in the margin of the
original document, entirely in the handwriting of bishop
Chandler. It is here given:

" The|Bishops of Durham have been possessed very antiently of
ye Lordship & Manner of Stanhop & ye Moors or Wasts
in Weredale, wch are 30 miles or more in extent belonging to
the said Mannor.

The Bishops of Durham have likewise for some hundreds of
years backwards used to let Leases for a short number of years or
for one life of the land on the Wasts or Moors to such persons as
were desirous to search for Lead, with which the Wasts abounded.

The Rent reserved in these Leases, as far back as we can trace
them, was only the Ninth Horse Load l of Oar (called the 9th Lot
or part) as soon as it shall begotten & demanded by the Bishop's
Officer appointed to receive it.

i A Horseload is a certain number of Bing wch is always ye same.

These are ye words in Bp. Walter Skirlaws Lease of the
Mines dated Dec. 1, 3 Hen. 4th, 1401. 2

And ye same thing is given upon Oath by ye Jury empaneled
to enquire into ye rights of ye Bp of Durham in Stanhop &c.

To the Interrog 9. what Mines belong to ye See & what rent
do they pay. Answ. : Sr Wm. Bowes Moormaster pays ye
Bishop the Lot oar wch is ye 9th Horse Load.

In Hen. 7th's reign ye then Bp [Thomas RuthalJ lets 2

groves in ye wast ye Reddendum yeilding & paying

to ye said Bp. every 9th part or of ure & covt. to do

to ye Lord etc. 3

After ye Decease of Hen. VII.

The Bishop appointed a moor man or Moormaster & granted
him y1 office by patent for his life with all ye Mines on ye wast
or moor & with authority to agree with persons to search for
& sink pits for a certain time, reserving to ye Bp All
£ singular such Lead Ure as of right or custom is due to ye
sd Bp. within ye Forrest of Weardale.4

These patents were renewed from time to time down to 1667
with ye like Reddendum with small variations — ' Yeilding &
paying to ye Bp the Lot ure according to ye Custom.' ' The
Lot oar due & to be due according as now is & hath been
heretofore there used & accustomed.'5

The Bp obliges ' ye Moormaster by Covt. for ye first time to
pay tenth to ye Parson viz., Bp. Pilkington in Sr Geo : Bowes
Patent for Moormasters authorizes him to let Tacks or bargains
to any Person within ye parish to search for lead, under ye Covts
to continue working ye mines so discovered, & to pay lot for
ye said Bp. to ye Moor master, & tenth to ye Parson.

Henceforwd The Moor Masters or their Deputy, let leases
accordingly on the like conditions of working ; & of delivering
out, the Lot & tith in due manner ' — ' to pay ye lot to ye Ld
& the Tith to the Parson as they do orderly fall ' — 'At all times
to pay & deliver to the Moor Master All ye lot ure, and ye
tith to ye Parson, in such kind & form as ye same shall be due
without collusion or deceit.' 7

1. From hence appears yt ye 9th horse load as soon as it
was gotten by ye Lessee & Demanded by the Bp. was ye 9th
part or Lot or antient rent of the Mines

2. That ye Bp. could demand & cary off his Lot in ye
first place & before ye tenth was got, if he so pleased

3. That ye Lessee at first, & afterwds ye Moor Master who
stood in the place of ye Lessee, was to answer the Lot to ye Bp.
and ye tith to ye Parson, & yt ye Parson had no demand or
concern immediately with ye Bp.

4. That there was a Custom for ye reckoning for delivery
of ve Lot oar or a due manner of Computing ye 9th part. — wch
is called — ' paying as ye Lot and tith orderly fall, & in such kind
& form as ye same shall be due.'

The Bishops Auditors Office in 1645 was plundered : & ye

2 19 Sepr. 37 Eliz. Agen 6 Hen. 5, Sep. 21, Thomas (Lankly) Bp of Durham grant
to Robt. Brass all ye lead ure in ye feild & mine in ye Blasedees for a year except ye
part wch belongs to God & Holy Church.

3 This is all yt is on ye Abstract of ye Grant. * 1 Eliz. 1558.

5 4 Eliz. 15<V2. Pilkington. 1641. Morton. « 9 Eliz. 7 20, 27 & 30 Eliz.

antient book called the Moormasters book, refer'd to in some of
ye Leases, is also lost

There is no tradition of any dispute between the Bp. or his
Moormaster, & ye Rector, about ye manner of numbring the
horse loads for Lot & tith oar, down to ye Restoration

In 1660 Bp. Cosin granted the Moormaster' s Office & Mines
for Humph. Wharton, for his life, as ye Patents formerly ran,
paying the 9th lot to ye Bp. as his predecessors did.

In 1667 The said Hum. Wharton upon his petition to Parlia-^.
m1 gets an act 'to enable ye sd Bp. & his successors, to
grant a Lease for three Lives of ye said Moor Master's Office & of
all ye mines on ye Moor, with an addition of cleaning & well
washing ye said oar' without deduction or demand for ye same,
or any other charges whatsoever ' & also an addition of 150H in
money rent. The Reddendum — ' yeilding & paying for ye same,
the lot ure or 9th part of ye said lead ure, gotten in the said
Mines, from time to time, as the same shall accrue & be gotten,
clean & well washed' etc.

Then after Covenants to secure ye rents, at ye conclusion of
the Act, a proviso follows in these words — ' PROVIDED alwaj's,
yt ye said Humf. Wharton, & his successors ye Moormasters,
pay or cause to be paid to Dr. Basire & his successors Rectors
of Stanhop, the Full tith or tenth part of All lead Oar dig'd won
or gotten — out of all or any of ye said mines in clean well wash'd
& drest oar as soon as it is ready for ye smelting mill, wthout
abatemt for charges of getting of ye sd oar, or any other cause
wl soever. 8 Then a saving clause : to ye King & every other
person & Persons Bodies Politick & Corporate other than ye
said Bp. & his successors & every other person claiming by
or under him all their right and title, &c.y

The same year the Bp. granted Mr. Wharton a Lease for 3
lives wth ye Covenants for paying ye Lot Oar & ye tith accord
ing to ye Proviso, in ye very words of ye Act of Parliamt.

The Act being Passed, the Bp. agreed wth the Moormaster for
a money sum in lieu of his 9th Lot as ye Rector of Stanhop did
wth him for his tith.

And there is no footstep of Any dispute of the Rectors since yt
time with ye Bp. or the Moor Master about his tith oar.

Mr. Wharton sold his interest to Sr W. Blacket, 1696 — whose
Heirs still enjoy it.

W" the prsent Bp came to ye See 1730 he found the Lot
oar let by his prdecessor to ye Moormaster for 3501i, & ye
tith by ye Rector at 3151i. The difference between these sums
is 35li wch difference is in ye Proportion of a tenth to a 9th,
3r>li being ye 10th part of 3501i. So yt at ye time of making
this bargain it was believed on both sides, yt ye Bp's 9th part
was more by a tenth than ye Rectors.

A few years after ye present Bp's accession Mr. Blackett
applyed to him & had a lease for 7 yrs of ye 9th Lot at ye aforesd
Rent of 350, & ye Rector granted him also a Lease of his tith
at 315 li. That Lease being expired & a new Rector admitted,
the Rector resolves to take ye tith oar in kind. The Moormaster
pr tending yt he could not pay ye same rent in time of war as in
peace.

f Some variation from ye manner of payint of ye Bp's Lot.

o The Rector of Stanhop being not expressly excluded in ye saving clause, can he
set up any fresh claim.

As ye Bp. hath ye same common interest with ye Rector, they
join & appoint Agents to receive ye oar, & to dispose of ye
same. Mr. Blacket, he desires ye refusal of ye oar at an agreed
price & in paying for it, he paid ye Bp. more than ye Rector,
in proportion of 10 to 9, & so it was pd for 2 years with ye
knowledge & consent of ye Rector.

But now the Rector sets up a claim upon ye Bp for tithing
ye Bps 9th Lot & saith, it is ye report of the Country yt Dr.
rJasire who became rector at the Restoration & continued so
16 or 18 years after ye passing ye act of Parliam1, claimed
& obtained it.10

If this be true, it is strange ye succeeding Rectors who were but
two to ye prsent, did not keep to yt claim.

Agen if it be due, it seems not to be due from ye Bp., but
ye Moormaster who binds himself to pay ye full tith to ye
Rector, & ye Bps 9th pt (as his Predecessors did, wch are the
words of his Patent before ye Act) as ye same shall accrue.

But it seems not possible to be due to ye Rector, for then ye
Rector will receive a 9th part instead of a tenth for his tith ;
& ye Bp. a tenth instead of a 9th for his Lot, wch certainly
was not intended. Some larger proportion & advantage was
intended ye Bp. beside ye priority of taking & carrying off ye
9:h horse, before ye Rector could tith. For suppose a Mine
afforded but 9 horse loads, ye Bp. was intituled to ye 9th & ye
Rector had no tenth.
The Rector replyes to this

In this way of reckoning ye 9th Lot to ye Bp. & then
carrying on his next 9th immediately from the former 9th the
Bp will have 2 Lots in 18 and the Rector but one Tenth. An-
swer : True & so would ye Bp receive but one 9th in 18 accord-
ing to the Rectors way of reckoning, viz., who would begin ye
Bp's second ninth with the eleventh Horse Load or Lot. To make
it evident in an Arithmetical way : 90 horse Joads do & should
pay 10 Loads to ye Bp. & 9 Loads to ye Rector & thus ye Bp's
right is in ye proportion of 10 to 9. Consequently if there be
but 10 Load ye Rector hath one load; if there be but 18, ye
Bp. hath 2 loads, ye Rector but one, & in 90 Load tho' ye Bp.
hath 10 loads the Rector hath his full tenth in his receiving 9
loads. Now deducting 10 & 9 loads i.e. 19 loads out of 90
there remains 71 Loads for ye Lessee or Moor master. But if ye
Bp. did not begin to reckon his 9th load till after ye Rector had
taken his 10th load, then there would remain 72 Loads for ye
Lessee out of every 90 loads. So yt ye Rector endeavour n
ye event, will be, to take one load from ye Bp. to give it to his
Lessee, & ye Rector will be quite out of ye question. For his
whole right of tith is satisfied by his re^eiviag 9 load out of
every 90. So yt the Rector, by this way of reckoning, wd only
injure ye Bp's Right without bettering his own Right for ye
19th Load wd then go to ye Lessee.

And lest stress should be laid on ye words in ye Proviso of ye
Act. For a full tith of all lead oar gotten out of all or any of ye
mines within ye Parishes of Stanhop & Wolsingham.

It must be remembred, that there is another old Lease of ye
lead ore in ye copyhold & enclosed lands in Stanhop of wch
we have copies from ye restoration before ye Act relating to ye

10 It is now 76 years since the act.

Mines on ye wast, wch Lease is by mesne conveyance now in
Mr. Blacket.

In that Lease ye same words of a full 9th have been & are
inserted for paym* of ye 9th Lot for oar gotten in those Mines
viz., ; Yeilding & paying to ye said Bp & Sucessors one full 9th
part of all such lead oar as shall be gotten within the prmises.'

The Rector claims a full tenth from these Mines here as well as
as from ye Mines on ye Waste and ye Bp. by ye words of ye
same Lease is also entituled to a full 9th. How shall these 2 rents
a full ninth to the Ld. with a full 10th to ye Rector be reconcild,
but by the Bps. having a right to carry off his horse load as soon
as gotten out of the mines & leaving ye Rector to take his 10th
of waat remains wn it is fitt to go to ye smelting Mill ? as ye
words in ye Proviso of ye Statute specific.

The truth is these are different paymts on different Accounts.
Ye Bp. as Lord of ye Soil might let his Oar in ye reddendum of
any part of ye Oar, as well as ye 9th part. He might have fixt
a 5th or 7th for his Lot Oar And if he had done so, wn ye fifth
or 7th was taken off, he would have begun his next fifth or 7th
horse Load from ye immediate 6th or 8th, without staying for
ye coming of ye 10th, or skipping over ye 10th. The Ld's
rent is a paymt of a different kind, & is .-to be answered by ye
Moor master to ye Ld. The Rector must come on ye land, or
ye tenant. Q.I. Cannot ye Bp. at any time legally take his 9th
without any regard to ye Rector's claim of a 10th. (2d) Or if
you think ye Rector's demand extends to the whole produce, is
not yl demand to be made upon ye Lessee who covenants to pay
a full 9th Lot by ye act & his Lease to ye Bp."

Durham, iith Octobr 1743.

(c.) " I have made a very diligent search in the Chancery Office,

thro' all the files & books, from the Restoration down to the year
1690, but cannot find during that time, that there has been any
suit in that Court any way relating to the Leadmines in Weredale,
Except that between Lord Crewe & Mr. Wharton, wherein your
Lord? has a copy of the ffinal order. And in the year 1664 a
bill was ffiled by Doctor Basire then Rector of Stanhope agt
severall persons for his dues of the Lead oar, & inclosed is a
Copy of the sd bill & of the answer thereto, but there are no
further proceedings in the Cause, save a Replication (in wch is
recited a very old Deed) a copy whereof I'll send to your Lordship
by the next post. I have been very carefull in this search, & am
confident that there have been no other Causes in that time, in
the name of the Attorney generall agt Wharton or Hall, or by
Hall or Wharton agt ye Attorney gnrall, or agt each other
I am my Lord

Your Lordships most obedient humble servt

In0 Mann"

[Endorsed in bishop Chandler's handwriting : 4 Mr. Man's Certi-
ficate y1 no other proceeding to be found in their books, or
Papers in Chancery, relating to Dr. Basires cause, or any dispute
between ye Bp & Rector & Rector & Patentee or Bp & Patentee
or Hall & Wharton.']

(d.) " This Indre made the 2nd day of Jany 15 Geo: 3d 1775 Between
The R' Revd. Father in God John by the Grace of God Lord
Bishop of Durham of the one part & Thomas Dixon of Chapel
in Weardale in the County of Durham yeoman of the other part

Witnessth that the sd Revd. Far for divers good causes &
considerations him thereunto moving Hath demised granted and
to Farm letten and by these presents by himself & his succors
Doth demise grant and to farm lett unto the said Thos. Dixon
his exors admors & ass All those his Quarries of stone and Slate
whatsoever as well opened as not opened within the Parish of
Stanhope in the said County of Durham and not being already
in grant to any other person and full and free ingress egress and
regress to and from the same with Carts Carriages or otherwise
And Liberty to dig win work burn and carry away the same
Together with all and singular ways waters easements and
appurtenances thereunto belonging or in any wise appertaining
And also all that piece or parcel of ground whereon the Castle of
Westgate in Weardale aforesaid formerly stood together with the
several pieces or parcels of ground thereto belonging or antiently
appertaining and now lying or which lately were lying waste And
all and all manner of ways waters easements paths passages
profits commodities and appurtenances to the same scite
parcels of Ground and premises belonging or appertaining Except
nevertheless so much of the said stone and slate as it shall please
him the said Rev. Far or his succesrs to dig win work or burn
for his and their own use & uses To HAVE AND TO HOLD all and
singular the said demised premises with their and every
of their appurtenances whatsoever (except before excepted)
unto the said Thomas Dixon his exors admors & assigns from
the making hereof for and during and unto the full end and
Term of Twenty one years from thenceforth next and immediate-
ly following fully to be compleat and ended Yeilding & Paying
therefore yearly during the said term unto the said Rev. Father
and his succors or to his or their Recr Gen1 or assignee for the time
being at or in the Exchequer at Durham the Rent or sum of 10s.
of lawful Money of Great Britain at the feasts of the purification
of the Blessed Virgin Mary Pentecost Lammas and Saint Martin
the Bishop in Winter by ever and equal portions without
Deduction or abatement for any manner of Taxes or Assesses
either by Act of Parliament or otherwise howsoever The first
payment thereof to begin and be made upon the feast day of the
Purification of the Blessed Virgin Mary now next ensuing And if
it shall happen that the said yearly Rent or any part thereof be
behind or unpaid by the space of twenty days next after any of
the said Feasts or Days at which the same ought to be paid as
aforesaid That then and from henceforth it shall and may be
lawful to and for the said Revd Fatr. and his successors into
the said demised premises and every part and parcel thereof
wholly to re-enter and the same to have again retain repossess
and enjoy as in his and their first and former estate anything
herein contained to the contrary thereof may arise notwithstand-
ing. And the said Thos Dixon for himself ; his Heirs Exors.
Admors, & Asss doth hereby covenant promise and agree to
and wirh the said Reverd Far and his succors That the said
Thomas Dixon his Exors. Admors. and Asss or some of them
shall and will at all times during the said term well and truly pay
or cause to be paid unto the said Revd Fatr & his succors,
the said yearly Rent above reserved at such days and times and
in such manner and form as is above limitted and appointed for
payment thereof. And also shall and will during the said term

duly and truly do and perform unto the said Revd Fatr &
his succors, all such Customs Duties & |Services as for the said
demised premises of right ought to be done and performed. In
witness, &c "

[Endorsed: — ' 2 Jany., 1775. Dra* Le. of Quars in Stanhope
& the Waste of the Scite of Westgate Castle to Thos. Dixon.
Term 21 years, Rent £0 10s. Od.']

ANNUAL REPORT, &C.

Mr. R. O. Heslop (one of the secretaries) read the annual report of the
council which may be seen in Archaeologia Aeliana, xxv., where also the
treasurer's balance sheet, and the curators' report are printed.

The balance sheet, read by Mr. Nisbet, the treasurer, shewed a balance
in favour of the society at the beginning of 1902 of £77 3s. Id., the total
income of the year being £604 9s. 10d., and the expenditure, £533 3s. Id.,
leaving a balance at the end of 1902 of income over expenditure of
£71 6s. 9d. The capital invested with dividends was £85 2s. lid. The
receipts were from subscriptions, £345 9s. Od., from Castle and Blackgate
museum £155 16s. 6d., and from books sold £26 Is. 3d. The printing
cost, Archaeologia £161 12s. Od., and Proceedings £59 8s. Od., and the
illustrations £46 13s. 3d. New books have cost £48 10s. Od., and
expenditure at Castle and Blackgate was £106 11s. 8d.

Mr. T. Taylor, F.S.A., moved the adoption of the report, which, after
being seconded by Mr. Willyams, was carried new. con.

ELECTION OF COUNCIL, &C.

The chairman then declared the following persons duly elected to the
respective offices in terms of Statute V. which sets forth ' that if the
number of persons nominated for any office be the same as the number
to be elected, the person or persons nominated shall be deemed elected,
and shall be so declared by the chairman,' viz : —

President : His Grace the Duke of Northumberland, K.G., F.S.A.

12 Vice-Presidents : Horatio Alfred Adamson, Robert Richardson
Dees, the Rev. William Greenwell, D.C.L., F.S.A., &c., John Vessey
Gregory, Thomas Hodgkin, D.C.L., F.S.A., &c., Charles James Spence,
Richard Welford, M.A., Thomas Taylor, F.S.A., Lawrence W. Adamson,
LL.D., Frederick Walter Dendy, Robert Coltman Clephan, F.S.A., and
John Crawford Hodgson, F.S.A.

2 Secretaries : Robert Blair, F.S.A., and Richard Oliver Heslop, M.A.,
F.S.A.

Treasurer : Robert Sinclair Nisbet.

Editor : Robert Blair.

Librarian : Joseph Oswald.

2 Curators : Charles James Spence and Richard Oliver Heslop.

2 Auditors : John Martin Winter and Herbert Maxwell Wood, B. A.

12 Council : Rev. Cuthbert Edward Adamson, M.A., Rev. Johnson
Baily, M.A., Rev. Douglas Samuel Boutflower, M.A., Parker Brewis,
Sidney Story Carr, John Pattison Gibson, George Irving, William Henry
Knowles, F.S.A., Rev. Henry Edwin Savage, M.A., William Weaver
Tomlinson, David Dippie Dixon, and the Rev. John Walker, M.A.

Letters were read from Mr. H. A. Adamson and Mr. L. W. Adamson
thanking the members for their election as vice-presidents, and regret-
ting their inability to be present. :

The business concluded with a vote of thanks to the chairman, on the
motion of Mr. Clephan,

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES

OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE.
VOL. I. (3 Ser.) 1903. No. 2.

The ordinary monthly meeting of the society was held in the library
of the Castle, Newcastle, on Wednesday, 25th February, 1903, at seven
o'clock in the evening, Mr. C. J. Spence, one of the vice-presidents,
being in the chair.

Several accounts, recommended by the council for payment, were
ordered to be paid.

The following ordinary members were proposed and declared duly
elected : —

i. William Goode Davies of Enfield Lodge, Elswick Road,

Newcastle,
ii. Tynemouth Public Library, North Shields.

The following NEW BOOKS, etc., were placed on the table : —
Presents, for which thanks were voted : —

From the Nova Scotian Institute of Science, Halifax, Nova Scotia : —

Proc. and Trans, x. iii. (2 Ser. in.) 8vo.
From the Royal Ethnographical Society of Upsala, Sweden : —

Skrifter, vn. 8vo.

Exchanges : —

From the Archaeol. Society of Namur : — Bibliographic Namuroise, by
1'abbe F. D. Doyen, in, 1831-1860; 8vo. Namur, 1902.

From the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, U.S.A. : — 8vo.
overprints from its reports, viz. : — (1) ' The Mind of Primi-
tive Man,' by Franz Boas ; (2) * Traps of the American
Indians,' by Otis T. Mason ; (3) ' The Abbott Collection from
the Andaman Islands,' by Lieut. W. E. Safford ; (4) 'The
Fire Walk Ceremony in Tahiti,' by S. P. Langley ; (5)
4 Boomerangs,' by Gilbert T. Walker; (6) 'The possible Im-
provement of the Human Breed,' &c., by Francis Galton,
D.C.L., &c. ; (7) 'Order of Development of the Primal
Shaping Arts,' by W. H. Holmes ; and (8) « The Develop-
ment of Illumination,' by Walter Hough.

From the Powys-land Club : — Coll. Hist, and Archaeol. relating to
Montgomery <sh. and its Borders, xxxii. iii., 8vo. Oswestry, 1902.

From the Shropshire Archaeol. and Nat. Hist. Socy. : — Transactions,
3 Ser. in. i., 8vo.

From the Surrey Archaeol. Soc. : — Surrey Arch. Coll., xvn., 8vo. cl.

From the Canadian Institute of Toronto : — (1) Trans., No. 14, vn. ii.,
Oct. 1902; and (2) Proc., N.S. n. v. July, 1902. 8vo.

From the Cambridge Antiquarian Soc. : — Cambridge Gild Records,
edited by Mary Bateson, 8vo.

From the Cambrian Archaelogical Assoc. : — Archaeologia Cambrensis,
6 Ser. in. i., 8vo.

From the Somersetsh. Archaeological & \Nat. Hist. Soc. : — Pro-
ceedings for 1902, 3 Ser. vin., 8vo.

From the Suffolk Institute of Archaeology : — Proceedings xi. ii., 8vo.

From the Royal Academy of History and Antiquities of Sweden : —
Antiquarisk Tidskrift, xvn. i. & ii., 8vo.

Purchases — Notes and Queries, Nos. 267 and 268 ; and The Antiquary
for Feb. 1903.

DONATIONS TO THE MUSEUM.

Thanks were voted for the following : —

From the North-Eastern Railway Co. (per Mr. Geo. Irving), the
carved jamb of an old fireplace from a destroyed house in the
Castlegarth, Newcastle.

From Sir H. W. Seton-Kerr, K.C.M.G., M.P. :— Twelve palaeolithic

• ; stone implements lately discovered by him in pits in the

lateritic deposits at Poondi, 29 miles west of Madras ; they

were discovered under the same conditions as those found by

Mr. Bruce Foote 20 to 30 years ago.

From Mrs. N. G. Clayton, of Chesters : — 56 iron arrow heads from
t the hoard found at Housesteads (Borcovicus) by the Excava-

tion Committee, three or four years ago.

EXHIBITED : —

By Mr. J. D. Milburn (per Mr. F. W. Rich) : — Four Roman coins dis-
covered at the foot of the Side, Newcastle, while digging for
the foundations of the new buildings to be erected there by
Mr. Milburn. They are of (i.) Severus Alexander (a base
denarius: obv. IMP ALEXANDER PIVS AVG; rev. MARS VLTOR);
(ii.) Gordian III. (3 M : rev. PROVID AVG) ; (iii.) Tetricus
(3 JE) ; and (iv.) Constantino II. (3 JE ; rev. Two Victories).

NEWCASTLE * DAGGER MONEY.'

Mr. F. W. Dendy, F.S.A., read an unfinished paper by the late
W. H. D. Longstaffe, on this subject.

Thanks were voted to Mr. Dendy by acclamation, and it was
unanimously resolved to print the paper in Archaeologia Aeliana.

Mr. F. W. Dendy next read'his paper on

EXCHEQUER COMMISSIONS AND DEPOSITIONS RELATING TO
NORTHUMBERLAND,

with abstracts of documents.

Mr. Dendy thought that it would add to the value of the documents
if they were collated with the originals, and revised, before being pub-
lished, and it was resolved, on the motion of Mr. Hodgson, seconded
by Mr. Clephan, that, as suggested by Mr. Dendy, the extracts be
compared with the originals at the cost of the society.

Thanks were voted by acclamation to Mr. Dendy.

THE BOMAN WALL,

Mr. Hugh W. Young, F.S.A. (Scot.), sent an extract from the MSS. of
Sir John Clerk of Penicuik, in the Advocates' Library, Edinburgh, relating
to a visit to the Roman Wall in Northumberland : — " 'About the end of
April, 1724, I took a journey to the North of England to see the famous
Roman Wall of England, which was first carried on by way of a vallum
and earthen bank * * * and afterwards fortified by a stone wall * * *
At Housesteads I found forty pieces of sculpture lying about, but as I
have written a particular journal of this little trip to England I shall say
no more here.' Among the MSS. papers at Penicuik House are 14
folio pages with sketches of inscriptions, etc. They are entitled ' Ane
account of some Roman Antiquities observed at Bulness on the Solway
Firth.' I do not think this paper has ever been printed."

Mr. Young was thanked for his communication.

THE ' CLASSIS ' OF UTRECHT.

Mr. Blair (one of the secretaries) read the following letter of 4 Mar.
1903, from prof. G. A. Hulsebos, Ph.D., of Utrecht, an honorary member
of the society : — " Being occupied in the study of the archives of our
church I found a letter in Latin addressed to the Clasaia (an ecclesias-
tical term, indicating a group of local churches) of Utrecht by some
London preachers. In the idea that it might be of some interest for the
Society, of which I have the honour to be a member, I made a copy of it,
which I have hereby the pleasure to send you. I suppose it has been
written by some calligraphist, who did not well understand the Latin,
and made faults in transcribing the minute. At the foot of the pages
I have made some corrections and moreover put expansions of abbre-
viations."

The document referred to is as follows : —

" Reverendissimi in Christo J. fratres Amoris vri1 et charitatis
laborem in collectionis negotio intra Classicam vestram praecinctam
factae in opem afflictissimorum in Hibernia Protestantium agnoscere
nobis necesse est, quo liberalitatem vestram abundasse et omnium
precedentium exemplum multis parasangis superasse ingenue
agnoscamus ; regnum hoc eiusque compendium (celsissimam
scilicet honoratissimamque Parliamenti Curiam) ad gras3 agendas
devinxistis, quas venerabili Theologorum Synodo una cum hisce
non solum vobis ofnciossime reddi precepit, verum etiam ad hoc
recolendum beneficium nos prsertim3 instanter provocavit, qui
mutuis amoris officiis amicitiam per totum hoc negotii peragendi
tempus vobiscum coluimus ab iis quorum fidei a Parliament© et
nobis Commissionariis legati4 ad vos commissa est certissime
accepimus vos intirno animi affectu commotos ' Sun deo' authores
impulsoresque felicissimos exstitisse ad populi benignitatem exitan-
dam et ad tantum fastigium quo nunc conspicitur perducendam.
Digitum Dei hie apparuisse manifesto liquet ut omnibus scilicet
nnotesceret et hoc opus ipsius proprium esse et eum sibi suo
quidem modo et mediis gloriam suam acquirere velle. Ideoque
vos certiores facimus charitatem vestram rebus protestantum miser-
rimorum quibus in Hibernia languescentibus tradita est tantum
solatii reddidisse, ut plurimos ab interitu servaverit. ffieri5 aliter
non potest quin triticum suum seminanti Christo sua etiam zizania
iniiciat invidus. Hinc quam plurimi falsissimi accusatores exorti
et calumniae inter vos disseminatae a quibusdam si nostratibus
male feritatis tamen homuncionibus, quibus6 suspiciones callide
1 vestri 2 gratias 3 praesertim 4 legatio 5fieri 6 qui

insinuare. hominum animos distrahere, amicitiam inter nationes
dirimere et hoc precipue negotium vix adhuc inceptum impedire
studiose conati sunt, Eo autem magis vos demeruistis quod falsis-
simis hisce malitiossimisque rumoribus aurem non praebentes
auxisse potius liberalitatem quam de beneficentia detraxisse videa-
mini ; Bummae prudentiae vestrae haud vulgare argumentum est,
quod nee male hisce artibus decipi, nee speciosis (sed falsissimis)
illecebris a proposito charitatis in calamitosos officio abduci potuis-
tis nee retardari, quod in honorem facti non solum omni posteritatis
memoriae tanquam monumentum nullo exemplo aequandum
recolendum praeponemus sed et arctori7 unionis vinculo colligati
causam Dei populique eius propugnabimus adversus hominem
peccati eiusque parti addictos. A vobis autem contendimus ut
animum firmiter inducatis tempus idoneum aliquando affuturum,
cum ab iis ad quos comeatus8 vester perveniebat vobis plenissima
ratio reddatur accepti beneficii, cuius gratia etiam nunc quam pluri-
mi famelici vobis benedicunt. Valde molestum esset falsis rumori-
bus ad impediendum negotium hoc apud vos sparsis sigillatem9
respondere, quod eo magis omittere visum est, quod ordinibus vestris
celsisimis magnificisque generalibus et provincialibus iamdudum
a Parliamento satisfactum esse novimus a quibus vos ea de causa
certiores iam pridem factos nulli dubitamus ; si quid vero in dubium
vocabitis aut ampliorem istiusmodi obiectiunculis responsionem
desiderabitis, comissionarios et alios vobis in hac re per Parliamen-
tum iam missos et comorantes ad aliam satisfactionem daturos
praeparemus. Ideoque ab ulteriore molestia vobis creanda hoc
tempore abstinentes vobis persuasum iri cupimus
London 25° April 1645

Nos fratres esse vestros omni animi
affectu devinctissimos

(:-^^>c^^^^^^

Reyerendis Clarissimis doctissimis et pientissimis spectabilibus
viris dominis pastoribus et senioribus Classis Ultrajectinse fratribus
nostris in Christo dilectissimis colendis
Thanks were voted to Dr. Hulsebos for his communication.

7 arctiori 8 coinmeatus 9 singillatim

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES

OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE.

VOL. I. (3 Ser.) 1903. No. 3.

The ordinary monthly meeting of the society was held in the library
of the Castle, Newcastle, on Wednesday, 25th March, 1903, at seven
o'clock in the evening, Mr. Richard Welford, M.A., one of the vice-
presidents, being in the chair.

Several accounts, recommended by the council for payment, were
ordered to be paid.

The following ordinary members were proposed and declared duly
elected : —

i. M. C. Hill, Southend, Newcastle.

ii. Rev. Stephen Liberty, M.A., 12 Larkspur Terrace, Jesmond,
Newcastle.

The following NEW BOOKS were placed on the table : —
Present, for which thanks were voted : —

From Sir Lambton Loraine, bart. : — Pedigree of Loraine of Kirkharle,
demy 4to., full calf, plates.

Exchanges : —

From the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, U.S.A. : — Annual

Report for 1900, 8vo. cl.
From the Nassau Antiquarian Soc. : — (i.) Mittheilungen, No. 1-4,

1902-1903. 8vo. ; and (ii.) Annalen, vol. xxxni., pt i., 1902.

Large 8vo. Wiesbaden, 1903.
From the Society of Antiquaries of London : — Proceedings, 2 ser.

xix. i. Nov. 28, 1901, to June 19, 1902.

Purchases : — 2 copies of The Chester Catalogue of Antiquities ; Notes and
Queries, Nos. 270-3 ; Mittheilungen of the' Imp. German
Arch. Inst. xvn., 3, large 8vo. Rom, 1903 ; and the Rev.
E. A. Downam's plans of 11 British Camps (original drawings).
[They are of Longville Ditches, Holdgate Castle, Bodbury
Ring, Norton, Clun Castle, Fron, Caer-din Ring, Bury Ditches,
Radnor Wood, Caynham, and Burrow, all in Dorsetshire.]

DONATION TO THE MUSEUM.

The following was announced : —

By Mr. C. H. Blair : — ' The royal arms of Great Britain and Ireland,
with supporters, helmet, mantling and crest, finely carved in
wood, as they were blazoned from 1714 to 1801. The shield in
the centre is surrounded by the garter and motto, has the motto

' Dieu et Mon Droit' on scroll below, and shews the following
quarterings : — (1.) England (gules three leopards gold) impaling
Scotland (gold a lion rampant gules within a double treasure ;)
(2.) France modern (azure three fleurs-de-lis gold) ; (3.) Ireland
azure a harp gold); (4.) Hanover, viz., Brunswick (gules two
leopards gold) impaling Liineburg, (gold, powdered with hearts a
lion rampant azure) and in the base point Westphalia (gules a
white horse), over all, on an escutcheon gules, the crown of
Charles the Great, gold.' (See illustration on plate facing this
page. )
Thanks were voted to Mr. Blair for his gift.

EXHIBITED —

By Mr. J. Nesbit, Elmbank, Jesmond (per Mr. Geo. Irving), the head
of an ecclesiastic in carved oak ' sawn from a corbel or truss,'
found at Low Chibburn. Northumberland. Its extreme length
is 16| inches. See illustration of it on plate facing this page.
[Mr. Irving read the following note : ' The photographs I here-
with send you are of a piece of oak carving which has evidently been
sawn from a corbel or truss, and represents an ecclesiastic of some
kind wearing a mitre. It belongs to Mr. John Nesbit, of Elmbank,
Jesmond. One of his ancestors lived at Low Chibburn, a precep-
tory of the Knights Hospitallers, of which there are considerable
remains. See paper by Mr. J. Crawford Hodgson, in Arch. Ael.
xvn. 263. and also xvm. 267, for note by the late Dr. Embleton.']

By Mr. David D. Dixon of Rothbury : seven swords, two fencing foils,
and two bayonets.

[Mr. Dixon said: " The rusty old swords lying on the table to-night
for the inspection of the members, excepting for their local interest,
are of little value to the sword collector. They have all been
given to me by people living in Coquetdale. It was at the suggestion
of Mr. Parker Brewis that they were brought for exhibition, and
after I have told their local history, he will, perhaps, tell us their real
history, where they were made, the names of the makers, as well
as the periods to which they belong, information that can only be
given by an expert like him. Personally I am indebted to Mr.
Brewis for this information, as I was ignorant of the age and use of
several of the weapons. Nos. 1 and 2, are simply modern fencing
foils, made at Solingen. No. 3, a bayonet picked up on the field
of battle during the Franco-Prussian war of 1870. No. 4, an old
English bayonet, said to have been the weapon with which the man
was killed at Lilburn Allers, near Wooler, in 1811. Nos. 5 and 6,
sergeants' or bandsmen's swords of the 19th century. No. 7, a
Spanish silver-mounted sword, formerly in the possession of Mr.
Ralph Strothers of Newton-on-the-Moor. No. 8, a hunting sword.
No. 9, a Pathan tulwar, picked up on the 28 Oct. 1888, after a
skirmish with Hassanzais, near Trund, in the Black Mountains,
Hazara, in the north west of India; this weapon was given to
me by Sergt. -Major Fraser, 5th Northumberland Fusiliers, by
whom it was found. No. 10, a cavalry sword, late 17th century,
for many years in the possession of an old Coquetdale family named
Bolam ; and No. 11, a cavalry sword, late 18th century, sent to me
from Saffron Walden."

By the permission of Mr. W. A. Watson-Armstrong, Mr. Dixon
also exhibited three cannon balls, " found by workmen in February,
1903, when digging a drain, near to the Armstrong Memorial

C/5

S
05
•<

0
O

2 ft. 1 in.

Cottages, opposite to the 'Scottish Ford' on the Coquet. The balls
were found in a line of about 30 yards ; varying from 3£ feet to 6
feet beneath the surface. From evidence given by the workmen
there appears to have been an older road beneath and near the
present one, as the bed in which the balls were found was hard and
resembled a proper made road. In the days of Scottish warfare
there was a constant marching to and fro of the English army, and
one of their routes was up the valley of the Coquet. These balls
may have been dropped on the way, or there may have been a halt
made there for the night. At all events it does not seem probable
they have been discharged from a cannon from the position in
which they were found. They are made of iron, and measure and
weigh respectively (1) 7 Jin. circumference, 27 J ozs. (2) 6|in. cir-
cumference, 21£ozs. (3) 6 Jin. circumference, 16ozs."

By Mr. J. D. Milburn (per Mr. C. J. Spence) : The following additional
objects found during the excavations in the Side, Newcastle (see
page 26) : the bowl of a small copper spoon, and four coins.
The coins are — a Roman third brass of Constans (obv. CONSTANS
NOB. CAES. : rev. GLORIA EXERCITVS. In ex. P.L.C. two soldiers
standing with labarum) ; a Roman third brass, illegible ;
a three-penny piece of Elizabeth (obv. ELIZABETH. D.G. ANG.

FR. ET HI. REGINA + ; TBV. POSVI DEV. ADIVTOREM MEV.

1567) ; and a halfpenny of Charles n.

By Mr. R. Blair (secretary) : A sealing wax impres-
sion, kindly supplied to him by Dr. Joseph
Anderson of the Edinburgh Antiquarian
museum, of the seal of Thomas de Rede,
in that museum. The matrix which is
of silver was found about thirty years ago
'in a field on the farm of Newton, in the
parish of Chillingham, not far from a stone
called the Ld Earl stane.' The arms on it
are a chevron between three objects which
may be palms, wheat stalks or reeds,
though they are most like fish bones.
The arms of Rede are a chevron between
three garbs. Dr. Anderson suggests that
the arms shown are of the punning order
and represent a chevron between three
reeds, instead of three garbs. The inscrip-
tion around is s' THOME DE REDE. In the
Proceedings of the Scottish Society (xxxn.
70). there is a note of the seal, together
with an illustration of both it and the
device. The block here given has been
kindly lent by the Scottish Society.

The council's recommendation to purchase the coloured reproduction
of a plan of Newcastle of 1650, in the British Museum, published by Jon.
Neild, at 21s. ; A Catalogue of the Bateman Collection of Antiquities
in the Sheffield Museum ; Borough Seals of the Gothic period, by Gale
Pedrick ; and Ancient Chests and Coffers, was agreed to.

The recommendation of the council for the appointment of Messrs.
T. Hodgkin, D.C.L., and J. Crawford Hodgson, F.S.A., as repre-
sentatives of the society to the Historical Congress to be held in Rome
in April, they intending to be in that city at the time, was agreed to.

THE CASTLE OF NEWCASTLE.

Mr. B. O. Heslop, M.A., F.S.A. (one of the secretaries), read « Notes
on a recent examination of some structural features of the keep of the
Castle of Newcastle, and their relation to the original construction of
the great hall.'

Thanks were voted by acclamation to Mr. Heslop, and it was unani-
mously resolved to print the paper, with suitable illustrations, in
Archaeologia Aeliana.

CHIPCHASE CASTLE.

Mr. W. H. Knowles, F.S.A., read the following notes on the well
recently discovered in the tower at Chipchase : —

" Chipchase occupies one of the finest positions in the valley of the
North Tyno. It stands on an elevated site on the left bank of the
river, surrounded by park lands, and enclosed on the north by a back
ground of lofty trees. The castle is of several dates. It comprises a

fourteenth century tower, the manor
house erected by Cuthbert Heron 1621 —
the finest example of Jacobean work in
the county — and the additions made by
the Reeds in 1784. The tower is not
now habitable; the remainder constitutes
the residence of the owner, Mr. Thomas
Taylor, F.S.A. The well recently dis-
covered is in the medieval tower, which
it may be permissible to describe briefly.
It measures externally 51 feet 6 ins. by
34 feet, and is 50 feet in height to the
parapet walk, and 10 feet more to the top
of the angle bartizans. It is unusually
well built and is crowned by a very bold
corbelled and machiolated battlemented
parapet. It is an imposing and typical
example of the larger towers as distin-
guished from the castles properly so
called. In the interior the tower is
divided into four stages, the basement
only is vaulted, the other floors were of
timber.1 The tower has been carefully
preserved2 and contains on the inside
several interesting features, such as a
portion of a wooden grille in the port-
cullis grooves, a small oratory in the
thickness of the wall at the second
floor level, and a kitchen replete with
fireplace, kitchen and water drain on the
third floor. It is not therefore a matter
of surprise that the water supply — one of the first essentials of a castle
— should be discovered within the walls of the tower or keep. In
every abode a full water supply was a necessity, and had to be con-
veyed in pipes from an available source or obtained by sinking a

1 An exhaustive description of the tower is given in the new county History of
Northumberland, n. 334. See also 'Border Holds' (Arch. Ael. xiv.) 410.

2 It has undergone during the past two years a careful and conservative restoration.

O1IPCI1ASE CASTLE

THE TOWER.

"^DOTTED LINE INI
SECTION OF
WHICH ABUTS O

[fi&l

MA' NOR

•! r-nrv
1 1 rnni

GATES

HOUSE

I . I, ,1 , „ ,1

THE TOWER, t

I I . \ I

I, I , I

I I

I III I.

»II

I , '.

Ill

I.I

J L_l

I. -I ..I

.1 , I I , 1 1 1 , ' . i

ENTRANCE,
•f DOTTED LINES

IN01CATE ™E EAST ELEVATION

W.H.KNOWLE5

SCALE

well or wells. In the large keeps
shafts were built, sometimes in
the thickness of the walls as at
Newcastle, and sometimes as at
Rochester in the mid wall with
openings at each floor level to
enable the water buckets to be
stopped where required, but these
facilities were not common to the
smaller towers, although clearly at
Belsay there is a well at the ground
level, and at Edlingham — a tower
with an unusual amount of good
architectural detail — the well
shaft was brought to the upper
floor and arched recesses arranged
and fitted with shelves for the
water vessels. The well at Chip-
chase which Mr. Taylor has exca-
vated is at the north end of the
vaulted basement and it is five to
six feet in diameter. Excepting
on the north side where it is faced
with ashlar, the well is rudely
formed in the limestone rock to
a distance of twelve feet below
the ground level and is continued
through slate and clay, to a fur-
ther depth of 8 feet — see section.
The water collected from the
rising ground on the north side of
the tower, percolates through the
clay and slate and is received into
the lower part of the well, where it
remains at a depth of 4 feet, oc-
casionally rising to 5 feet. Before
the modern system of surface
draining was introduced no doubt
the well filled more rapidly and
rose to a greater height than it
now does. In the crown of the
vault immediately over the well
is an aperture through which the
water buckets could be raised to
the first floor, possibly the wooden
floors above were provided with a
trap door or other opening for the
same purpose. At the north end
of the west wall, three feet from
the level of the first floor is a
small double arched recess, it may
have been — considering its prox-
imity to the aperture of the well
— used as a receptacle for water

to Mr.

Thanks were voted
Knowles for his notes.

a See Arch. Ael. xiv. 411, wherein
it is suggested that this recess was used
as an oven.

APERTURE

PLAN Of FIR5T FLOOR G

OVER WUl

PROCEEDINGS

SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES

OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE.

VOL. I. (3 Ser.) 1903. No. 4.

The ordinary monthly meeting of the society was held in the library
of the Castle, Newcastle, on Wednesday, the 29th day of April, 1903,
at seven o'clock in the evening, Mr. R. C. Clephan, one of the vice-
presidents, being in the chair.

Several accounts recommended by the council for payment were
ordered to be paid.

The following ordinary members were proposed and declared duly
elected : —

i. Henry Clarke, 27, Dockwray Square, North Shields,
ii. The Rev. Canon Southwell, Bishop's Hostel, Grainger
Park Road, Newcastle.

The following NEW BOOKS, etc., were placed on the table : —
Presents, for which thanks were voted :

From Mr F. Haverfield, F.S.A. : Report of the Cumberland Excavation

Committee for 1902 (reprint from the Transactions of the

Cumb. and Westm. Antiq. Soc.) 8vo.
From the Rev. H. J. Dukinfield Astley, M.A., the author : ' Tree-

and Pillar- Worship ' (reprint from the Trans. R.S.L. xxiv.) ;

8vo., pp. 60.
From the writer : Reminiscences of the City of Newcastle-on-Tyne,

particularly of Pilgrim Street and the neighbourhood, a paper

read by Mr. William Henry Holmes, at the Friends' Meeting

House on 4th March, 1903"; 28 pp., sm. 8vo.
Exchanges : —

From ' La Societe Archeologique de Namur ' : Annales, xxm. iv.,

'Toponymie namuroise,' 8vo., Namur, 1903.
From 'La Societe d'Archeologie de Bruxelles ' : Annales, xvi., iii.,

and iv. ; 8vo. [contains an interesting account of the

' Chateau des Comtes dit le Gravensteen, a Gand', with a

large plan,] 8vo. Brussels.
From the Cambrian Archaeological Association : Archaeologia Cam-

brensis; Q ser., in., ii., 8vo.

From the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethno-
logy, Harvard University, U.S.A. : (i.) Memoirs n., ii. 'Re-
searches in the central portion of the Usumatsintla Valley,' by
Theodore Maler, large 4to ; Cambridge, U.S.A., 1903.

From the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, U.S.A. : (i.) 19th
Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology, parts 1
and 2; 2 vols., large 8vo., cl. ; and (ii.) Bulletin, ' Tsimshiam
Texts' by Boan ; 8vo., cl.

From the Cumb. & Westmoreland Antiquarian Society : Transactions,

N.S., in., 8vo., cl.

Purchases : — Ancient Coffers and Cupboards, by Roe, large 4to. cl., col.
and other plates ; Mittheilungen of the Imp. German Arch.
Inst. ; Reliquary and Antiquary for April, 1903 ; Catalogue of
the Bateman Collection in Sheffield Museum ; The Registers of
Ingram and of Edlingham (North, and Durh. Par. Reg. Soc.)

DONATION TO THE MUSEUM.

The following was announced and thanks voted to the donors : —
From Andrew Reid & Co., Ld. : — A miner's lamp of iron, recent,

from Greece. The screw by which the burner is fixed ends in

the figure of a cock.
EXHIBITED : —

By Mr. Maberly Phillips : — Three documents relating to Seaton Sluice:
(i) a bill of lading, of 5th May, 1787, for 3255 dozen bottles, 1507
doz. and 6 of them 'Moulds,' 1532 doz. and 2 ' Commons,' 107 doz.
and 9 ' Corbyn Quarts mark't, IE West Tilby,' and 107 doz. and 1
' Winchester Quarts Wide Mouths,' in the 'John,' of which John
Forside was master ; (ii) a glassworker's indenture of 7th Feb.
1800, shewing the wages paid, etc., and (hi) a letter of Elizabeth
Gainsby, dated Plymouth, April the 23, 1759, to 'Mrs. Ann Mack
Dowel att Hartley, near Seaton Delewal ' relating to some money
and to her attempt to find her husband, ' who is alleged to have
belonged to His Majesty's Shipe the Shearnest.' She asked her to
send ' A clean frank.'

By Mr. George Irving : — A photograph with plan and elevations of
the ancient doorway on the west side of the Castlegarth, Newcastle,
discovered on the demolition of an old house by the No. Eastern
Railway Co. (See opposite page.)

By Mr. R. J. Leeson : — (i) An engraved brass 17, or early 18 cent,
pen-case, apparently of Dutch make, about 5ins. long ; and (ii) a
wooden pipe, 11 ins. long, covered with open brass ornamentation,
including the sun and crescent moon, and having the year 1741
engraved upon it ; this also is apparently of Dutch make.

THE CASTLE BANNERS.

Mr. Blair (sec.) drew the attention of the members to the sheet of
coloured drawings, by Mr. C. H. Blair, framed in oak, being copies of
the silk banners in the great hall, presented at different times to the
society. Mr. Blair was heartily thanked for his very acceptable gift,
as, on dull days especially, it is not easy to make out the charges on
the banners themselves.

COUNTRY MEETINGS.

The recommendation of the council to hold a two days' meeting jn
the Roman Wall, day meetings at Ingram and Greaves Ash, and

1 £

»,

H O

Widdrington and Chibburn, and an afternoon meeting at Mitford and
Newminster was agreed to.

' WATERVILLE,' NORTH SHIELDS.

Mr. R. Blair (one of the secretaries) read the following notes by Mr. H.
A. Adamson, V.P., on ' Waterville, North Shields : the Home of an Anti-
quary ' : —

" On the 7th March, 1864, Mr. George Rippon, a justice of the peace
for the county of Northumberland, died at his residence, Waterville,
North Shields, aged 75 years. He was buried at Lanchester, in the
county of Durham, where his family had lived for several generations.
Near the south door of Lanchester church, is, or was, a stone recording
that ' Here lyeth the body of William Rippon, who departed this life,
Septr. ye 4 day, 1717.' The deaths of other members of his family
are recorded. Mr. Rippon was a keen antiquary, and during his long
life gathered together in his house at Waterville, many articles of
interest, and also, like other antiquaries, things of little value. It seems
to be the fate of all men who have hobbies.

He was a son of George Rippon, of Waterville, who died in 1817. His
father and his uncle John Rippon, Edward Hall of Whitley, William
Watson, William Taylor, and Richard Armstrong, of North Shields, all
of whom were brewers, established the North Shields Water Company
in 1786, which was recently taken over by the Tynemouth corporation.
It is not so much with Mr. Rippon as an antiquary, as the home in
which he lived, and over which he spent many years of his life in
gathering together objects of interest, that I wish to deal.

Waterville was a pleasantly situated house on the east side of the
turnpike road leading from the Bull Ring, North Shields, to the New-
castle and Tynemouth turnpike road. It is known as Coach lane, and
was the old coach-road from North Shields to Newcastle. The house
stood in its own grounds of about 1 1 acres, and the west side of the
property was separated from the road by an ornamental iron paling. At
the north west corner stood the gardener's lodge where a worthy couple,
Robert Tate and Ann, his wife, resided for many years. From the
entrance gates — near the lodge — there was a winding path which led to
the front door of the house. The house consisted of basement and first
floor, and had projecting eaves and timber ends. To the eastward of
the main house were buildings which consisted of laundry, with work-
shop above, and what was known as the brewhouse, which contained
some large vats, and beyond these were the vineries and conservatories.
In the ornamental ground in front of the house, but to the south-east
of it, was a large circular pond or reservoir, the sides of which were
perpendicular and the lining consisted of dressed freestone. From it a
portion of the town supply of water was obtained. In the pond were
both tench and dace. In the grounds were several statuettes. Among
these were Hercules, Cupid, Diana, and Samuel, as a child, praying.
The land to the northward, southward, and west of the house was all
open. On the west side of the garden was a thick belt of trees and also
one to the south, which gave the house the privacy which is so much
sought. The garden was one of these old-world gardens which we like
to think of, but which are rapidly disappearing. On entering the house
the first room on the left of the spacious hall was the dining room, from
which a door led into the library. In this room the spirit of the anti-
quary was fully displayed, and it was this room which gave a charm to
the house. On the west side of the room were two latticed windows
with stained glass in their upper portions. Between these windows

there were shelves to the ceiling for books. Against the north wall
were also book shelves filled with books, and beneath the book shelves
were cupboards, the doors of which were composed of wood from York
cathedral church, black oak from Derwenthaugh, buffet doors from
Holland, carvings from Dilston old hall and from Neville house,
Durham. The east side of the room was composed of inlaid woods
brought from Neville house, the chapter house, Carlisle, from brides'
coffers, from Killingworth, Elemore and Tynemouth house, and other
places, and the panelling from Seghill old tower. A door led from this
side of the room into the hall. On the south side of the room was
the fireplace, with recesses on each side of it. The overmantel, as it

would now be called, was composed of panels from the chapter house,
Carlisle, from St. David's Mount chapel, North Shields, from the front
of the gallery of All Saints' old church, Newcastle, from Holland, from
Frome abbey, Dorset, from bridge-end chapel, Newcastle, and Neville
house, Durham. The ceiling of the room was groined, and was composed
of woods from the bottoms of brides' coffers, from Seghill tower, the organ
of York cathedral church, chapter house, Carlisle, boss from St. Nicholas's
church, Newcastle, entrance hall, Anderson Place, and Neville house,
Durham. It was a pleasant room, and the subdued light which came
through the stained-glass windows gave it quite an old-world appearance.
In it were two carved oak chairs stated to have belonged to the unfortu-
nate earl ot Derwentwater, two other carved oak chairs and a beautiful
circular library table with elm root top, supported on a tripod stand
by three lions rampant in oak. In the year 1847, Mr. Rippon married
Margaret Fryer, the youngest daughter of Mr. John Fryer of Newcastle-
upon-Tyne, a well known man in his day. Her brother, Mr. Joseph
Harrison Fryer, lived in Whitley hall.* After the death of Mr. Rippon
in 1864, Mrs. Rippon continued to live at Waterville, but in July of
that year, some of the numerous articles he had collected and stored at
Waterville were sold. Among these was a massive oak handrail with
double spiral balusters of most exquisite workmanship, from the resi-
dence of the late Major Anderson, Newcastle. It was sold to Mr.
Tweedy, the well-known wood carver. Lot 76 is described in the
catalogue as ' The veritable pulpit (taken out of Jarrow Church during
the repairs between 70 and 80 years since) greatly prized as a relic, in
which the venerable and sainted Bede delivered his impressive and
instructive homilies in the old church at Jarrow and preached to
entranced devotees the glad tidings of Peace ; ' a drawing of it
appears in the Antiquarian Gleanings in the North of England, by
William B. Scott. It is probable, as is suggested in this book, that the
pulpit belonged to the Perpendicular or a later period. It was pur-
chased at the sale by the late Mr. W. H. D. Longstaffe for £3 10s. Od.
What has become of it, I do not know. Mrs. Rippon died in July, 1873,
and in October of that year the collection of antique oak furniture and
other articles stored at Waterville was sold. In the catalogue of the
sale are many objects of interest which, after the sale, were all dispersed.
Among these was the Crucifixion, which is described in the catalogue
as a splendid specimen of ancient carved oak in excellent preservation.
It originally belonged to the castle of Warkworth, and was the altar
piece in the chapel within the keep in 1672. A drawing of it is in the
book already referred to. It was fully described in the Newcastle
Journal of the 23rd of May, 1857. It was removed from Warkworth
castle by Mr. John Clarke, one of the auditors of the Percy family, who
obtained permission from the widow of Joscelin, last earl of Northum-
berland, and he placed it in his house at Chirton, near North Shields.
The house afterwards became the property of the first duke of Argyle,
who died in it. In 1703 the building was sold to the Lawson family.
In 1812, when the late Mr. A. M. de Cardonnel Lawson pulled down
the house, the altar piece was taken to Waterville and was deposited
with Mr. Quintin Blackburn, who occupied the house. Eight years
later it was removed to Mr. Lawson' s seat at Cramlington, and he sold
it to Mr. John Adamson, one of the first secretaries of our society. It
was afterwards presented to Mr. Rippon. In the hall stood a large
richly carved settle, which is also shown in Mr. Scott's book,

* He was a justice of the peace for Northumberland, and was a well-known geologist
and naturalist.

In the library was a pendant for a lamp, carved in oak. This piece
of carving formerly hung from the roof of the hall in Anderson Place,
in which king Charles the 1st resided during his stay in Newcastle. It
was used to suspend a chandelier. A drawing of it is in the Antiquarian
Gleanings. Among the books sold at the sale were several black
letter volumes, one dating as far back as 1475. The book of this
date had brass bosses and was in perfect condition. There were
many local books. The sale of the books lasted two days.

After the sale of the furniture the Waterville estate was sold for
building sites. The house was not taken down, but it was divided
into two houses, and it now forms part of Stanley street west,
North Shields, and is numbered 41 and 42 in the street. The wing
of the house was taken down. The oak and other fittings in the
library were stripped off by the purchasers of the estate and sold
to a firm in London. The latticed windows were removed, and
a window was placed in the north wall of the room. Mr. William
Fryer, a brother of Mrs. Rippon, was a man of artistic tastes.
Between 1850 and 1857 he made most careful drawings of the library.
In these drawings he has detailed where the wood came from which
adorned the walls. The drawings made by him are submitted for
the inspection of the members of the society. It was intended by
Mr. Rippon to panel the walls of the drawing room, and materials
had [been collected for the purpose, but he died before he could carry
out his wishes.

In Mr. Rippon's lifetime a portion of the land to the southward of
the house was sold to Hugh, duke of Northumberland, for the site of
Holy Trinity church, which he gave to the commissioners for building
new churches ; and another portion of the ground to the northward
was sold to the Railway Company for the purpose of forming the
railway from Newcastle to North Shields."

Thanks were voted to Mr. Adamson by acclamation.

Mr. Adamson exhibited a number of drawings showing the arrange-
ments of the different rooms of the house, two of these are reproduced
on pages 39 and 40.

WAI/LSEND (SEGEDUNUM).

Mr. W. S. Corder read the following notes on a newly discovered
portion of the Roman Wall, at its easternmost terminus, between WT alls-
end and the ancient foreshore of the Tyne.

" About four weeks ago my attention was called to extensive ex-
cavations which were going on at WTallsend, in the new part of the
shipbuilding yard of Messrs. Swan & Hunter, Ltd., which lies between
the riverside railway and the Tyne, and immediately to the south of
the southern rampart of the camp of SEGEDUNUM. The work consisted
in cutting away the bottom of the grass covered slope at the point A
indicated on plans A and B, (portion of 25" Ordnance Survey, 1858,)
and (portion of 10' 0" scale Ordnance Survey corrected to date), and
also on John Storey's well known drawing of Wallsend as it appeared
in 1850, shewn by a white cross on the accompanying illustration.* Near
the eastern end of the excavation I found that the bottom courses of
the Roman Wall showed clearly on the face of the bank, and it appears
that during the 10 days previous to my visit the navvies had been
engaged in cutting away and removing portions of the Wall, which were

* Facing p. 46.

PLAN OF A PORTION OF WALLSEND. (See p. 42.)

The dotted lines show the Roman camp, the double-dotted lines the line of the Wall.
The ne\yly-discovered fragment of the Wall is at A, between the camp and the river.

in this part of its course in a ruinous state and showed signs of having
been disturbed, apparently to afford drainage for the water which
collects at this point in considerable quantities. As the next ten feet
or so promised to show a very interesting portion of the Wall Mr.
Mather, the civil engineer in charge of the work, at once gave instruc-
tions to continue the removal of the earth and clay upon each side,
but to leave the structure itself untouched until it had been photo-
graphed, and carefully examined.

I may say, that as large new sheds are to be built on the piece of
ground which has been levelled, it is unfortunately impossible to preserve
the whole of the length of Wall which has been laid bare, but Messrs.
Swan & Hunter, realising the great interest of the discovery, will en-
deavour to arrange that a section on the face of the bank shall be kept
exposed and intact — a precious relic of the Roman Empire for succeding
generations.*

The accompanying illustration (B facing p. 44) has been made from
a photograph which I took directly the face of the Wall had been bared.
Unfortunately, since then, several of the facing stones have been ab-
stracted, and the whole mass, which had from the outset shown a
tendency to fall sideways after the earth which supported it was
removed, has slipped still farther from the perpendicular, displacing the
facing on both sides considerably. I may say that the piece of the
Wall in question is about 200 feet from the south-east angle of the
camp, and the footings are about 20' 0" above high water mark (River
Tyne Commissioners' datum), and about 50 feet below the present ground
level at the S.E. corner of the camp. When first exposed, it exhibited
both faces of ashlar work, that on the east being four, and that on the
west six courses high, exclusive of the footing slabs. The core of mortar
and rubble was also in excellent preservation, and although somewhat
soft and damp when first uncovered, presented a solid block about five
feet in height. The measurements on the section are 7' 0* from the
outside of the footing slabs, which are offset 3" on each side, so that the
Wall at this point is exactly six feet six inches in thickness. The
footings which are four inches thick, two feet from front to back, and
twelve inches long on the face, appear to be laid direct on the un-
puddled virgin clay (though I am not absolutely clear on this point).
The footings follow (so far as they have been laid bare) the slope of the
hill without benching, and the ashlar work is laid parallel to the horizon,
each course being run out with tapered stones on to the footings at
regular intervals. The facing stones vary a little in size but average
about 10 inches in height by 12 inches in width, with a depth of 16 to
18 inches. The rubble is very variable in size, some of the pieces being
as large as the facing stones. The mortar contains a noticeable amount
of charcoal derived from the wood with which the lime was burnt, and
as pieces nearly as large as a hazel nut are not infrequent it would seem
that the quicklime cannot have been very finely ground before slaking.
A careful examination of the ground suggests that a trench about 14 or
15 feet in width has been dug through the soil (which to-day has a
depth at this point of about 5 feet), and into the strong yellow clay
beneath to a depth of about 2' 6". After the Wall had been built the
clay was puddled firmly in against the footings and the two or three
bottom courses, and above this the trench was filled in with soil. No
trace of the fosse was visible either above or below the ground level.

* Though this has been found impracticable, the exact spot has been carefully
marked out with stones taken from the Wall.— W. S. C., July, 1903.

FRONT VIEW. The S.E. corner of the Cauip is immediately in front of the house.

SIDE VIEW.

AT W A T T <i P. N n

It may be interesting to consider for a moment the brief references
in Bruce and Maclauchlan to this extremely interesting portion of the
Roman Wall — the literal Wall's end which gives its name to the young
riverside borough. Bruce states that ' Some traces of this wall might
be noticed before the width of the river was contracted and its new made
banks covered with buildings. Mr. Buddie, the famous coal engineer,
told the writer that when bathing in the river, as a boy, he had often
noticed the foundations of this wall extending far into the stream. Mr.
Leslie had seen it go as far into the water as- the lowest tides enabled
him to observe.'

Maclauchlan in his Memoir of a Survey of the Roman Wall, says ' . . . .
the termination of the wall towards the river proceeds from the S.E.
corner and is about 100 yards in length, forming an angle with the
south front of about 105°, the obtuse angle lying to the westward. The
end of the great wall at high-water mark exhibits some stones very
satisfactorily.' On referring to the plan you will see that the angle
which this newly found portion of the wall continued to the S.E. corner
of Segedunum makes with the line of the southern rampart is about 105°
as stated by Maclauchlan. On the other hand his statements that ' the
termination of the wall towards the river is about 100 yards in length'
and that ' the end of the great wall at high water mark exhibits some
stones very satisfactorily,' must surely refer to the traces he found in
exist snce at the time of writing (circa 1854), and must not be taken to
mean, as they appear to do at first glance, that the Wall ended at high
water mark.

The evidence of Buddie and Leslie, as recorded by Dr. Bruce, would
certainly go to prove that the Wall extended down to, and even beyond,
low water mark, and strategic considerations would seem to render this
absolutely necessary. Of course to determine the point at which in
Roman times it actually entered the water, it is necessary to know
where low water mark was in those days, and I have not so far been
able to find any evidence, direct or indirect, on this point.

On Maclauchlan's survey plan the distance from the camp corner to
the river measures about 350' 0", and one assumes that his river line
indicates high water mark at ordinary spring tides. On the 1858
Ordnance Survey, a tracing of a portion of which Mr. George Irving has
very kindly made for me, it is 390' 0" from the camp corner to high
water, and 1067' 0" to low water mark, a difference of 677' 0'.

If you will look again at Storey's drawing you will see that as the
riverside railway and the still existing grassy slope^beneath it occupy
most of the river bank, his sketch must have been made at high tide,
and further that by far the larger portion of Swan & Hunter's west
yard has been made out of the reclaimed foreshore of the river, and
that the workshops and railways and the world famous pontoons of
the firm whilst building, occupy part of oho quiet waterway of half a
century ago. (See plate facing page 46.)

From the Wall westward for about 300 feet large quantities of bones
and Roman pottery were found in the lower two or three feet of earth
which rested on the clay, and from the position in which they occurred
they seem to be the midden refuse which, during the three centuries
of Roman occupation, had been thrown over the southern rampart of
Segedunum, and had rolled to the foot of the bank. As expected, no
perfect vessels or implements of any kind were met with and nothing
of the nature of altars or inscribed stones. Enormous numbers of
fragments of Samian ware, both plain and ornamented, were turned
up, two or three of the former having potters' marks, e.g. DOVIICCVS,

SOIIILLI M* An amphora handle has a potter's mark EC c A as below.

An interest-
ing piece of
a mortarium
in coarse red
pottery, has
the maker's
stamp on the
lip, and rough-
ly scratched,
the name pro- ,
bably of its (
owner — i I • —

MERTORIO I tH^ _ '

Or NERTORIO.

An interesting specimen is a small fragment of hypocaust tile with
a pattern on it which seems to be modelled rather than moulded.
One small flat bottom of a broken jar has been carefully chipped all
round for use as a plaything. Altogether there are 14 or 15 distinct
kinds of pottery, red, grey, black, and brown. I have only come
across two fragments, of Roman glass, one a small circular boss of a
fine opalescent blue colour, and the other, part of the bottom of a
small glass vessel. Two or three pieces of whetstones have been met
with, and one of the simple but graceful clay statuettes of Venus,
such as have occasionally been found in other Roman camps. It was
probably one of the household gods — the Lares and Penates — of some
stout private soldier of the cohort of the Lingones. I have only heard
of three coins, though one recognises that the pocketable nature of
money and the fanciful reputed value of Roman coins always conduce
to their disappearance and dispersal. I have here a large bronze in
fair preservation of Crispina, the wife of Commodus, who died in 183
A.D., having on the reverse the figure of Health seated holding out a
wreath to a serpent, with legend SALVS almost illegible.

I should perhaps put it on record that much of the earth from the
bank foot has been used to level up that part of the yard between the
bank and the old high water mark, so that any excavations there, for
generations to come, will infallibly yield Roman pottery, not in situ.

In conclusion I wish most cordially to thank Mr. T. B. Mather, C.E.,
who has planned, and Mr. Purdy, the contractor who is carrying out
the excavations at Wallsend, for their constant kindness and forbear-
ance to an inquisitive and persistent antiquary, whilst the work was
in progress. I know that if it had been practicable they would very
gladly have preserved all that they laid bare of that Wall which was,
in the words of Camden, ' the most renowned work of the Romans, the
bound in times past of the Roman province ; raised of purpose to
seclude and keep out the barbarous nations, that in this tract, were
evermore barking and baying (as an ancient writer saith) about the
Roman Empire.' "

On the motion of Mr. Gibson, seconded by Mr. Heslop, thanks were
voted to Mr. Corder by ^acclamation for his notes, and also to Messrs.
Swan and Hunter, for? their kindness while the members were at
Wallsend.

DOVIICCVS has been found in London and in York.— Hubner, C.I.L. vn. 261 ;
SORILLI M as above at York.— ibid. 290.

Proc. Soe. Antiq. Newc. I. (3 Ser.)

To face page 46.

WALLSEND AS IT APPEARED IN 1850.
(Reproduced from John Storey's lithograph of that year).

WALLSEND IN 1903.

From a photograph by Mr. W. S. Corder, taken from about the same point as John Storey's view).
NOTE. — The x in each Picture indicates the position ot the newly discovered position of Roman Wall.

. .

DURHAM CATHEDRAL CHURCH.

Mr. Blair read the following notes, by the Rev. E. J. Taylor, F.S.A.,
of Durham, of a discovery in the cloister garth of Durham cathedral
church, for which he was thanked.

"An interesting discovery has lately been made in the cloister garth
of Durham cathedral church. During some excavations the site of the
monks' lavatory was definitely located. It was always supposed that
the lavatory was situated at the north side of the cloister garth, but
it is now found to have been the south side. The rare little book The
Ancient Rites and Monuments af the Monastical and Cathedral Church
of Durham, by J. Davies, published in 1672, has the following passage : —
' Within the cloister garth, over against the Frater house door, was a
fair laver (basin) or conduit, for the monks to wash their hands and
faces at, being made in form round, covered with lead, and all of marble,
saving the outermost walls, within which walls you may walk round,
the laver of marble having many little conduits or spouts of brass.'

Over against the frater house (refectory) was thought to imply the
north side of the garth. The Rev. J. T. Fowler, vice-principal of
Hatfield Hall, Durham, came across two holes for wall plates in the bay
of the south wall of the cloister ; in the face of the outer wall imme-
diately beneath the wall plates there is a break of the plinth which runs
round the remainder of the cloister wall, this suggested that the old lost
lavatory was somewhere close at hand. Excavating beneath the hole
plates the foundations of the old lavatory so long lost sight of, were
brought to view. The laver named by Davies is the basin in the centre
of the cloister garth, a position occupied for many years. This basin
has one of the ' conduits or taps of brass ' still remaining.

The old lavatory was erected in A.D. 1432-1433, and internally
measured about 19ft., and the laver or basin, when in its original posi-
tion, would probably occupy a position in the centre. It was an
octagonal structure, with angle buttresses, similar to those of the chapter
house apse, and according to Davies, 'had 7 fair windows of stonework,'
and the south side, which adjoined the south cloister, over against
the Frater house door, ' had a doorway in it.' The roof was a lead
covered one, surmounted by a dove cot, covered finely over above with
lead, the workmanship being both fine and costly. At a lower level,
in the centre of the former, foundations of what appears to be an earlier
Norman lavatory were found, a square building in form, 15ft. by 15ft.,
internally. The drains of the 15th century lavatory are in part con-
structed of moulded stones, whilst these of the Norman lavatory are
all plain. A portion of the ancient lead pipe, 2 Jin. in diameter, still
remains in the centre of the bed of the earlier basin.

Further digging has brought to light the cloister garth well, a few
feet to the south of the lavatory basin now in the centre of the garth.
The well has a diameter of 4 feet, and is of dressed masonry. The
filling in, composed mainly of ashes and masons' rubbish, has been
cleared to a depth of about 35ft., when gravel and water was found.

The 13th century Frosterley marble grave-cover of Henry Horn-
castle, has been found amongst the rubbish. He was sacrist at Durham
and afterwards prior of Coldingham, and from this discovery is sup-
posed to have returned to Durham to die."

The chairman expressed the pleasure of the members at the presence
of Mr. T. H. Hodgson of Newby Grange, Carlisle, and of M. Haakon
Schetelig, assistant curator of the Bergen museum, Norway, and wel-
comed them in the name of the society.

Previous to the meeting, members proceeded from Newcastle to
the shipbuilding yard of Messrs. Swan, Hunter & Co., at Wallsend, to
see the piece of the Roman Wall discovered on the side of the hill
during the excavations made by them. They were most kindly received
and welcomed by Mr. Hunter and Mr. Hudson, and after seeing the
fragment of the Wall, of which a full description is given in Mr. Corder's
paper (p. 42), they proceeded to the offices, when they were shewn many
models of important vessels built by the firm.

'• -fAmo.igst those present were the rev. canon Southwell, the rev.
Stephen Liberty of Newcastle, Mr. W. Richardson of Willington, Mr.
George Irving of West Fell, Corbridge, Mr. J. M. Moore of Harton,
Mr. R. Blair and Mr. R. O, Heslop (secretaries).

MISCELLANEA.

Mr. F. W. Dendy has kindly sent the following for publication : —

THE PLAGUE IN NEWCASTLE.

William Coulson, who purchased an extensive estate in Jesmond
from Sir Francis Anderson, was living in Newcastle at the time of the
plague, which afflicted Newcastle in 1636. He kept in his family bible
an account of the persons who died from its effect in each of the thirty
six weeks during which it continuously raged. Other particulars of the
visitation are to be found in Brand's Newcastle, vol. n., p. 455, and
Welford's Newcastle, vol. in., p. 337, but this weekly return of mortality
does not seem to have been hitherto printed. The society is indebted
for it to Colonel W. L. B. Coulson, who is a direct descendant of William
Coulson, and the present possessor of the bible. As William Coulson
did not purchase Jesmond until 1658, and as he signs as of that place,
he either did not make or did not sign the entry until that year. The
exact addition of the weekly figures given is 4,982. Brand (ubi supra)
citing Dr. Jennison's Newcastle Call, puts the figures from May to Decem-
ber of the same year at 5,037, besides 515 deaths in Gateshead. — F. w. D.

'A true List of the weakly Buerials of such as Deyd of the Plaguo
begune ye 1 4th May, 1636, onley within the Corperation of Newcastle
upon Tyne.

Buerials.

The

first

week

The

week

422

The

week

The

week

The

week

346

The

week

The

third

week

The

week

398

The

week

The

4th

week

112

The

week

386

The

week

The

week

099

The

week

312

The

week

The

week

162

The

week

202

The

week

The

week

133

The

week

197

The

week

The

week

172

The

week

122

The

week

The

week

184

The

week

197

The

week

The

week

212

The

week

The

week

The

week

270

The

week

The

week

The

XTroalr

QfJfi

Thp

The

WtJtJK.

week

ouu
334

-L lit?

The

Wt?t?K.

week

5000

Wm. Coulson of Jesmond,'

49
PROCEEDINGS

OP THE

SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES

OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE.

VOL. I. (3 Ser.) 1903. No. 5.

The ordinary monthly meeting of the society was held in the/library
of the castle, on Wednesday, the 28th day of May, 1903, at seven
o'clock in the evening, Mr. Richard Welford, one of the vice-presidents,
being in the chair.

Several accounts recommended by the council for payment were
ordered to be paid.

L* Colonel Gerald J. Cuthbert, Scots Guards, of 39 Eaton Terrace,
London, S.W., was proposed, and declared duly elected, an ordinary
member of the society.

The following NEW BOOKS, etc., were placed on the table : —

Exchanges : —

From ' La Societe d'Archeologie de Bruxelles' : Annuaire for 1903,

Bruxelles, 1903. Vol. xiv. 8vo.
From the British Archaeological Association : — The Journal, N.S.

ix. i., April, 1903 [contains a paper by Mr. Geo. Patrick, one of

the secretaries, on ' Hulne Priory, Alnwick, Northumberland'].
From the ' Verein fur Thiiringische Geschichte und Alterumskunde,'

Zeitschrift, N.S. xn. i. & ii. 8vo. Jena, 1902.

Purchases — Der obergermanisch-raetische Limes des Roemerreiches, lief.
xvm. (' Kastell Ober-Florstadt ' and ' Kastell Obernburg '),
large 8vo. ; The Scottish Antiquary, No. 68, Ap. 1903 ; The
Antiquary for May, 1903 ; The Registers of Canon Frome and
of Munsley, co. Hereford, (Par. Reg. Soc.), 8vo. ; The Jahr-
buch of the Imp. Germ. Arch. Inst. xvm. i. ; 8vo.

The recommendation of the council to purchase for 12s. 6d. the four
volumes of The Ancestor, Larking' s Armour and Arms at Malta, 10s. 6d.,
and Sir Payne Gallwey's The Cross-bow, was agreed to.

EXHIBITED :

By Mr. John Johnson of South Shields (per R. Blair) : — Two coins
found recently in St. Stephen's churchyard, South Shields : — (i.) A
Roman first brass of Lucius Verus (obv. IMP L AVREL VEBVS AVG :
bearded head to right ; rev. CONCORD AVGVST .... Two figures
togated standing holding hands); and (ii.) a Scotch bawbee of
1692, of William and Mary (obv. profiles to 1. ; rev. thistle and
' nemo,' &c.).

By Mr. Walter S. Corder :— A Scotch bawbee of 1678, of Charles n.
same type as last ; found at St. Anthony's.

Mr. Blair (one of the secretaries) read the following letter, dated 26
May, addressed to him by the Rev. M. Piddocke, vicar of Kirknewton,
relating to discoveries on Kilham Hill :

" Lord Tankerville desired me to write you a line to say that we (i.e.,
Ld Tankerville & myself) have dug open the barrow on the top of
Kilham Hill, and in a small cyst resting on the solid rock we found a
quantity of bone fragments and red earth ; but, so far, no weapons of
any kind. The cyst is about 2 ft. long and 1 ft. deep & broad, and was
•covered by a large regular shaped whinstone. * * * * I am going to
work at it again to-day, so write in haste."

Mr. Piddocke was thanked for his communication.

A ROMAN ALTAR TO ' OCEANUS ' AND ALTAR BASE
FROM THE TYNE BRIDGE.

Mr. R. O. Heslop (one of the secretaries) read the following notes : —

" Divers have been employed by the River Tyne Commissioners for
some time past in clearing obstructions from the north channel at the
Swing bridge. When thus engaged last Wednesday, they found a
Roman Altar and a detached base stone embedded in the river bottom.
Mr. James Walker, C.E., the river engineer, at once appreciated the nature
of these relics, and by his order they were immediately removed to a
place of safety. Obligations are due to him for allowing free and full
examination of the stones, and for the care exercised by him in their
preservation.

The altar is 4 feet 3 inches high, measuring 19£ inches across its base
and an equal width across its capital. From front to back the base
measures llf inches deep, and the capital 11| inches. The connecting
shaft is 2 feet 3| inches high and 16 inches across its face, by 8 inches
from back to front. Base and shaft and capital unite in a form of
symmetrical, or, it may be said, even of graceful proportions; whilst the
junction of each member is graduated by a band of simple ogee moulding.

The face of the shaft is decorated with a moulded panel occupying
almost its entire surface, measuring 1 foot 9 inches high, by 9| inches
wide, between the inner beads. The panel encloses the representation
of a ship's anchor boldly sculptured, the surface being deeply sloped to
bring the carving into relief. The shank of the anchor is surmounted
by a ring, swivelled on a head. The two arms of the anchor appear to
have been flattened towards their points, and though the thinner edges
are broken, enough is left to suggest that they had originally terminated
in flukes. A projection below the crown is pierced by a hole, possibly
an arrangement used in tricing up the anchor when it had reached
the ship's hawse hole. The representation of an object so familiar,
complete in all its details, appears significant not only of the early de-
velopment of the typical form here shown but of its long survival, for
it can hardly be said to have been even yet superseded. It will be
seen, too, that we have here an example of forged iron work which
could be produced only by handicraftsmen of great skill in their trade.

Each side of the altar shaft is relieved by a blank moulded panel, the
depth of eight inches allowing no room for further sculpture. But the
absence of elaboration is in keeping with the general design, adding
greatly to its effect. The altar is plain at the back. A tenon at its
foot shows that it had fitted into the socket of a separate base stone.

The volutes on the capital have been broken away by damage at an

•I I

«arly period ; but the focus on the top has been left almost intact. It
is rectangular in form and is surrounded by a prominent lip.

Across the face of the capital, a narrow ansated panel is lettered
with the first portion of the dedicatory inscription. The words are

OCIANO LEG

The lettering is well cut and perfectly legible. Between the two words
there is a minute leaf stop, point upwards. In the panel below, reading
alternately on either side of the anchor are the letters

VI VI

P F

Expanded the inscription reads : OCIANO LEGIO SEXTA VICTRIX PIA
FIDELIS. ' To Oceanus, the Sixth Legion, the Victorious, the Pious'
the Faithful [dedicate this altar]."1

The second stone brought up from the river bed . is evidently the
loose base of an altar. Its upper edge is surrounded by an ogee
moulding and its top recessed to receive a superstructure. The altar
to Oceanus being placed on this base was found to be too broad for
it, and the two stones were set apart again, the supposition being that
they were not adapted for each other.

A casual examination of the Oceanus altar immediately suggested
its correspondence with the Neptunus altar in the Black-gate museum.
This altar was dredged up when the works of the swing bridge were in
progress. It is illustrated in Archaeologia Aeliana, vol. xn., p. 7, and
a, comparison with the illustration now before you will show an identity
of design and execution in the two altars. A careful measurement
confirms this, for each answers to the other in every particular dimen-
sion. Both altars were found at the site of the Aelian bridge and have
been in all probability connected in some way with that structure.
They are twin productions, if not from the same chisel, certainly from
one and the same design. The conclusion is a natural one ; that they
originally furnished the right and left side of a sanctuary dedicated to
the deities typified on the faces of the stones. Neptune, ' the earth
shaker,' rode upon if indeed he did not rule the waves. Oceanus was
not only omnipresent at sea, venerated as father of all the gods, but
was reverenced as presiding over the tributary rivers. He it was that
the seafarer might propitiate before setting forth. The incoming sailor
remembered Neptune, as the Batavian troops at PROCOLITIA remem-
bered how he had brought them safely over the North Sea when they
left us his form sculptured in repose.2 Thus it was that these deities
had their shrine in one house, where he that came remembered the
tutelary Neptune or he that fared forth bespoke the grace of Oceanus,

Looking on the faces of these twin altars we are reminded of this
coming and going at the Quayside. They recall to us the fears and hopes
that animated the embarking and the incoming travellers of that far
off time. Their votaries would include the civilian on business and the
soldier on service. To them, too, would in all likelihood resort veterans
of the Cohort of Aelian Marines, who won their diploma of citizenship
in manning the fleet that may have sailed from under the walls of Pons
Aelii. And these altars are still typical of the port of Tyne and of its

i The Legio Stcunda Augusta was sent to Britain in the time of the Emperor
€l»udius [?]. The Legio Saxta Vietrix left Spain in A.D. 70 for the Lower Rhine in
Germany, whence in 120 it was sent to Britain : in 89 it acquired the epithet of pi»
ftdelis. The Legio xiii. Gemina came to Britain in 43 from Germany, and returned
thither in 70. The Legio xx. Valeria Vittrix was sent to Illyricum in A.D. 10, thence
it went to Cologne where it remained till 43, when it was sent to Britain.

2 See Arch. Aeliana, xn. p. 76»

metropolis at Newcastle. For, as in the past, so in the present, we are
found linking our fortune with Neptune and great Ocean."1

The secretary (Mr. Blair) reported that two Roman coins, taken out
of the river near to the place where the altar was found, had been shown
to him. They were : —

1 JEt Hadrian.

obv. HADRIANVS AVG ; laureated head of the emperor to left ;
rev. FELICITATI AVG ; a galley with rowers.

2 M Trajan.

Obv. NERVAE TRAIANO AVG GER DAC PM TR P COS III P P ; laureated

bust to right.
rev. FELICITAS AVGVST : figure standing to left, holding cornucopia

and thunderbolt.

The former, an untarnished coin, Mr. Blair passed round the room for
inspection.

Thanks were voted to Mr. Heslop by acclamation for his paper.

BEDE MEMORIAL AT ROKER.

Mr. Blair also read a letter, dated 27 May, addressed to the
secretaries by Mr. John Robinson, the secretary to the Bede ' National '
Memorial Committee at Sunderland, in terms of a resolution of that
committee, asking them to bring the object before the society, and
requesting the sympathy and support of members. It is intended to
erect in the public park at Roker, on the sea coast, an Anglian Cross
about 18 feet high, from a design by Mr. C. C. Hodges of Hexham.
Enclosed with the letter were a list of subscribers and an extract from
the Newcastle Daily Journal of 26 May, being a note on the Venerable
Bede by the Rev. D. S. Boutflower, vicar of Monkwearmouth.

The chairman said that Mr. Dillon, the secretary of Palmer's Ship-
building Company at Jarrow, had stated that ' Jarrow was the home of
the screw collier, and the home of Bede. That was probably the reason
they were going to erect a memorial to the Venerable Bede at Roker,
a place that the great scholar never heard of. It was like erecting a
memorial to Lord Armstrong at Ramsgate, or a statue to Sir Charles
M. Palmer at Penzance.'

MISCELLANEA.

c •

At a meeting of the Numismatic Society of London on 23 April,
1903, ' Mr. L. A. Lawrence exhibited a penny of Edward I. (?) struck at
Newcastle, and bearing a similar portrait of the king as that on the
London half -penny shewn by him at the previous meeting of the Society.'
Athenaeum for 2 May, 1903, p. 566.

A charter, granted * apud Dissington in Norhumbria ' on the 1 1
Septr in his 22d year, by Alexander, king of the Scots, ' ad capellanum
solitarium sustentandum,' was witnessed by ' Patricio Comite de
Dunbarr,' and others. — Registrum Moraviense, 31.

l The Ociano altar and the base stone have since been presented to the society by
the River Tyne Commissioners. The base appears to be that intended originally for yet
another altar. An extemporised base of wood has accordingly been used for the Ociano
altar, and the newly found stone base has been temporarily set under the Neptuno
altar in the Black-gate museum. Both altars now stand ms-a-vii on the step at the
entrance of the east window recess.

PROCEEDINGS

OF THI

SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES

OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE.
VOL. I. (3 Ser.) 1903. No. 6.

The first out-door meeting of the season was held on Friday, the 3rd
day of July, 1903, at

CHESTERS (Cilurnum).

About thirty members and friends assembled at Chollerford station
on the arrival there at 12 noon of the train leaving Newcastle at 10-40.
On the invitation of the secretaries, Mr. J. P. Gibson of Hexham,
kindly undertook to act as guide to the party.

The eastern abutment of the Roman bridge, which formerly spanned
the North Tyne about half a mile below Chollerford, was first visited,
when its principal features were pointed out by Mr. Gibson. For
description of the structure by the late Mr. Sheriton Holmes, see
Arch. Ael. xvi., 328, where the writer very ingeniously attempts to
reconstruct the bridge from the fragments scattered about. Members
thence proceeded to ' the George,' where light refreshments were
partaken of. They next made their way to Chesters museum,
which, by the kindness of Mrs. Clayton, was inspected by the
visitors, though the collections were in process of rearrangement.
Here are collected inscriptions and other antiquities from the five
Roman camps belonging to Mrs. Clayton, and from other places ;
all are fully described in the recently published Guide to the
museum.

Some time was occupied in a perambulation of the camp, to which
members next made their way, the different gateways, the ' forum,'
and buildings near the river, being duly visited. Very little has been
done lately towards uncovering the remains. The chief work accom-
plished has been the removal of the mound in the centre of the
northern portion of the ' forum,' thus exposing the remains of the
flagstones with which it had been paved. During the operations
a well about three feet in diameter was discovered, also a large
phallic ornament in high relief within a circle on one of the flagstones
on the west side of the enclosure.

On leaving the grounds at the lodge, brakes which were in waiting
were taken to Limestone-bank, to enable the party to examine the
ditch of Wall and vallum there, cut through the great whin -sill.

On the way, the Cheviots on the north-east, on the northern verge of
Northumberland, and Cross Fell on the south-west, were distinctly
visible ; the valley of the North Tyne, with Chipchase castle gleaming
on its banks, was also in full view.

On returning to Chollerford, members sat down at six o'clock to a
well-served dinner at ' the George,' presided over by Mr. R. C. Clephan,
a vice-president, supported by Mr. J. R MacLuckie of Falkirk, the
guest of the society. At the end of the repast, the chairman, in a few
well- chosen words, proposed a cordial vote of thanks to Mr. Gibson for
his services during the afternoon ; he also welcomed, in the name of
the society, Mr. MacLuckie, whom the society had specially invited
to its meeting that day, as a slight acknowledgment of the kindness
and trouble he had taken during the visit of the society to Falkirk
last season.

The resolution was carried by acclamation.

Mr. MacLuckie replied, thanking the members for their kindness.

Mr. T. Williamson of North Shields, exhibited a fine aureus of
Trajan of c. 116, recently acquired by him, It had been found near
Brampton, and may thus be described: —

obv. IMP CAES NEB TRAIAN OPTIM GER DAC PARTHICO ; head

laureated and bust draped to right.

rev. P M TR P cos vi PP s p Q R ; a trophy between two captive
Parthiaiis, male and female, seated on ground ; in exergue

PARTHIA CAPTA.

Most of the members left Chollerford by the 8'24 p.m. train, for their
respective destinations, after an enjoyable afternoon.

Amongst those who were present were : — Mr. R. C. Clephan, Tyne-
mouth ; Mr. W. J. Armstrong, Hexham ; Mr. and Mrs. Williamson and
Miss Williamson, North Shields ; Mr. Edward Wooler, Danesmoor,
Darlington; Mr, John D. Robinson, Gateshead ; Mr. Oliver, Morpcth ;
Dr. Wilson, Wallsend ; Mr. and Mrs. C. W. Wood, South Shields ; Mr.
J, R. MacLuckie. Falkirk ; Mr, Wm. Smith and Miss Smith, Gunnerton ;
Mr. Robt. Blair, South Shields, and Mr. R. Oliver Heslop, Newcastle
(secretaries); Mr. J, P. Gibson, Miss Gibson, and Mrs. J. Gibson, Hex-
ham; Dr, Wilkinson and Mr. Wilkinson, Tynemouth ; Mr. G. Irving
and Mr. John Irving, West Fell, Corbridge ; Mr, C. Hopper, Croft ;
Mr. S. S. Carr, Tynemouth ; Mr. J. M. Moore, and Miss Armstrong,
Harton ; Mr. W. Glendenning, Mr. Conrad White, and Mr. W. C. Foster,
Newcastle.

MISCELLANEA.

. In a recent secured book catalogue of A. J. Ridler & Co. the
following local items appear : —

1682. Newcastle. Indenture of Apprenticeship of John Ilutchinson, of Hunder-
thwait, Yorks, to Win. Bayles, of Newcastle, Merchant Adventurer. Registeied
1083. Signatures. 13s. 6d.

1683. Newcastle. Indenture of Apprenticeship, John Smithson, of Moulton,
Yorks, to Thomas Harrison, Merchant Adventurer, of Newcastle. Registered
1684. Signatures. 13s. 6d.

Proc. 8oc. Antiq. Newc. i. (3 ser.)

To face page 54.

THE FOSSE OF THE WALL, LIMESTONE BANK, LOOKING E., WITH LARGE BLOCK OF WHIN-STONE

ON LEFT HAND.
THE SAME BLOCK OF WHIN-STONE, WITH DR. BRUCE STANDING NEAR IT.

(This plate given by the Hon. Mr. Justice Bruce).

Proc. Soc. Antiq. Newc. I. ( 3 Ser.)

To face pa<re 5£

REMAINS OF THE JACOBEAN MANOR HOUSE,
From a photograph by the Rev. R. C. MacLeod, Vicar of Mitford.

REMAINS OF THE NORMAN CASTLE.
From a photograph by Dr. D. H. Stephens of North Shields.

55
PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES

OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE.

VOL. I. (3 Ser.) 1903. No. 7.

An afternoon meeting of the society was held on Saturday, the 4th
day of July, 1903, at

MITFORD AND NEWMINSTER.

On arrival at Morpeth railway station, the Newcastle contingent was
met by the hon. and rev. W. Ellis of Bothal, and other Morpeth
members, and they all proceeded, some in the carriages of the Morpeth
members by road, the others on foot by the fields, direct to

MITFORD,

where they were kindly met by the Rev. R. C. MacLeod, vicar of
Mitf ord, who guided the party to the castle, which he briefly described.
For a full description of the remains by the late Mr. F. R. Wilson, on
a previous visit of members, see these Proceedings, in. 115. See also
vol. v. p. 255.

From the castle Mr. McLeod led the way to the remains of the
Jacobean manor house. In a portion of it, now used as a cottage, there
is an interesting dog spit (see Proceedings in. 122), one of a few in the
kingdom, another being in the ancient castle of St. Briavels, within
the old forest of Dean.

The church was next visited. Owing to decrease of population, the
nave was shortened by a bay many years ago, but when the building
was restored by the late Colonel Mitford, a new bay was added at the
west end, so that now it is of the original length. On the previous
visits the church also was fully described. For this, see the same
volumes of the Proceedings already referred to.

The bells and communion plate, including a cup of 1699, have been
described in the Proceedings in. 115, to which members are referred.

A few notes relating to Mitford, collected from various sources, are
here given : —

In the old taxation of one mark in 40, Mitford is thus entered
' Ixij marcae, xxd Rectoria de Midford,' the tax being xxjs. ob.

On the 2 [6th] non. Oct. 1311, Nicholas de Massam, vicar of
Mitford, was on a commission relative to the presentation to the
church of Morpeth.1 In 1315, certain money in the hands of the vicar

i Reg. Pal. Dun. in. 94; I. 131.

belonging to the late vicar of Hartburn, was ordered by the bishop to
be used in the repair of the defects at Hartburn.2

Peter the priest, son of John parson of Mitford, granted Aldworth
to Newminster, with common of pasture, to feed once a year 100
poor people, for the souls of all the lords of Mitford, reserving annually
to the lords of Mitford and their heirs 13d. for an oblation at the
feast of St. Thomas the apostle, and as a greater security he gave to
the monks a charter of his feoffment. In the list of benefactors this
is again mentioned as Roger Bertram the third confirmed to Newminster
the grange of Aldworth, which Peter the priest, son of John formerly
parson of Mitford, sold to the monastery.3

In 40 Henry III. [1256] William de Cumbre Colston took refuge in
the church, and acknowledging that he had stolen a certain horse, he
abjured the kingdom before Adam Baret the coroner ; his goods were
worth 6s. 3d. In 53 Henry III. [1269] Adam de Brokenfend of
Hedon appointed Nicholas the clerk of Mitford, or another, in his
place, in an action against Ralph Gaugy, at the assizes of that year
held in Newcastle. At the assizes at Newcastle, 7 Edward I. [1279]
Ralph de Cotun was summoned to reply to Stephan, parson of
Mitford, on a plea of debt : on de Cotun admitting and promising to
pay 25 marks Stephan forgave the rest and costs. At the same assizes
the jurors found that the church of Mitford was in the gift of the king,
by the feoffment of John de Luthergrenes, and was worth 40Z. a year,
besides the chapel of Middleton worth 161. It had been alienated by
a certain Robert bishop of Durham.4

Stephan de Euer, rector of Mitford, exchanged the tithes of Merden-
wood with the abbot and convent of Newminster for a meadow at
Harestanes, the abbey to pay two marks a year. This was confirmed
by bishops Pudsey and Farnham, and by the prior and convent of
Lanercost.5

Roger Venys [Venis, Venice], who was vicar of Mitford from 1561 to
1570, was ordained sub-deacon at Auckland 17 Dec. 1558, upon a
title from Robert Ogle of Belsay, and priest 25 May 1559, to the same
title. In 1570 a suit was pending against him in the Durham
Ecclesiastical Court, when he had been vicar for 7 or 8 years, for
having been away from his living from St. Andrew's day then last
past, there having been since that day no service on holy days ; that
people in consequence were unburied by the priest, and that some
children had remained unchristened for ' lacke of a prest,' as one
witness deposed. Other witnesses said that he had been absent since
the preceding Candlemas twelve months, and that since then the parish
had been served by a Scottish priest only, and that he was absent
* emong the rebells, and haithe bene since before christinmasse,' the
church being served ' by one Sir Thomas Goodhusband.'6 He appears
to have been deprived of his living in 1570. About the same time
Gawen Lawson and George Walby of Mitford, were before the same
court for scoffing, laughing and jesting in the church, and saying openly
to the curate during service ' come down and leave thy pratlinge.'
The curate was compelled to leave owing to the disorder ' to the
dishonoring of God and the defasinge of the Quenes laws.' Gawen
Lawson, who was one of the churchwardens, openly refused to eject
John Doffenby, an excommunicated person. The same John Doffenbie

2 Reg. Pal. Dun. II. 736. * Newm. Cart. (66 Surt. Soc. publ.) 108, 300.
* Northd. Astizc Rolls (88 Surt. Soc. publ.) 78, 2^0, 249. 336.

5 Jiewm. Cart. 41, 12, 43.
e Depos. and Eccl. Proc. (21 Surt. Soc. publ.) 200 & n.

of Pigden, Roger Fennicke of Mitford, and Mark Ogle of the parish
of Ponteland, were before the court for brawling in the church and
churchyard. They had spoken blasphemous and slanderous words
there. Christopher Bullock and Gawen Lawson the churchwardens
had much ado to quiet them, John Doffenby daring any one ' to com
who durst and cary him out of the church, for they should first bynd
his hands and feet.' The curate was driven to leave off the service.7
At the Restoration Mr. Benlows, who was afterwards a counsellor
of law, and a justice of the peace, was ejected from Mitford.8
Amongst the 14 century ordinations are the following: —
On 17 Dec. 1334, by the bishop of Carlisle, Robert de Mitford, a
monk of Newcastle, was ordained an acolyte. On 22 Dec. 1337,
brother Walter de Mitford, a canon of Alnwick, was ordained « acolytus
religiosus ' by the bishop in the chapel of Auckland manor ; on the
4 id. June 1340, sub-deacon by John, bishop of Carlisle; in 1341,
deacon by Boniface, bishop of Corbania, in Durham cathedral church ;
and on 11 kal. Oct. [21 Sep.] 1342, priest, by Richard bishop of
Bisaccia, in the same place. On 17 Nov. 1335, a William de Mitford
received the first tonsure in Gateshead chapel. On 13 kal. Jan.
[20 Dec.] 1343, John de Mitford was ordained acolyte by the bishop
of Bisaccia, in Durham cathedral church. At Epiphany 1340, Richard
Mitteford received the first tonsure from the bishop of Durham, in
the chapel of Durham castle.9

In 1256, a fine was levied at Newcastle for a house in Berwick by
Roger son of Ralph de Berewyk, to Stephen de Novo Castro, who had
to answer in the sum of 2d. to the former for ward of the castle of
Mitford, for all service, &c. At the assizes of that year [40 Henry
III.], Evota daughter of William de Tyniton, and Femota daughter of
Nicholas of the same, coming from the fair10 [faeria] of Mitford, were
robbed in the wood of Stobbeswude by unknown malefactors ; hue
and cry was raised. At the same assizes, the jury found that Roger
le Lung of Witton, and Walter de Scheles of the same place, were
drowned by accident, with two horses, in the water of Wanespik, near
Mitford. The horses were worth 12s. No one was blamed, though
Richard son of Walter, was present, but as he did not attend, he was
attached.11

The • Testa de Nevill ' informs us that Roger Bertram held the barony
of Mitford by five knights' fees, and that all his ancestors had held it
by the same service since the Conquest. At the assizes of 7 Edward I.
[1279], the jury found that Roger Bertram held the barony of Mitford
by service of five knights' fees, of which 3£ and a quarter had been
alienated to Hugh de Eufre, and Walter de Cambow owed service for
a fee and a half : the last-named produced a charter of Roger, with a
charter of king Henry III. testifying that that king had accepted the
feoffment. At the same assizes, concerning military fees, &c., the jury
found that the manors of Magna Eyland, Parva Eyland, Merdefen,
and Claverden, with the advowson of the church of Mitford, were
alienated from the fee of Mitford by Roger Bertram and William de
Valence, as were other places, including the park of Mitford, by the
said Roger Bertram and Hugh de Eufre. That they were all alienated

'1 Depot, and Ecel. Proe. 90-95. 8 Calamy, Soneonf. M*m. in, 75.

» R«!1. Pal. Dun. ill. 156, 157, 109, 121, 189, 199, 167, 131, 207.

10 Philip de Ulcotes obtained the barony of Mitford on its forfeiture by Roger
Bertram. He obtained permission, on payment of ten marks, to hold his annual fair
at Mitford for eight days instead of four.— Scott, Border Antiquities, I. 73,
n Northd. Attite Rollt, 79, 98, 410.

by Roger Bertram in the time of Henry III. At this time, William
de Otteley was bailiff of the vill of Mitford. At the same assizes
[1279], the jury found that by accident Jul' le Portere fell from
Mitford bridge and was drowned. Cristiana de Lonesdale was taken
in the vill on suspicion of theft and imprisoned, but escaped : for
which escape the vill was fined 8Z.12

At the muster of Castle and Morpeth wards at Clifton field on 24
Nov. 38 Eliz. [1595], under ' defective men,' ' Mitfurthe ' is entered
' Robte. Mitfurthe and 2 others.'18

In 7 Edward I. [1279], Peter is the forester of Mitford.15 Henry
Red of Mitford occurs in 1342.14

At the assizes of 40 Henry III. [1256], the prioress of Newcastle
appointed as her attorney William the chaplain or another, in a suit
against Robert dev Mitford. At the same assizes, Walter the man of
the parson of Mitford, having been pointed out by an approver as the
committer of a burglary, was outlawed. Robert de Mitford was one
of the jurors. Thomas son of Robert de Mitford, was one of those
who had to answer at the assizes of 53 Henry III. [1269], for setting
on fire the prior of Tynemouth's mill at Shields, maltreating the monks,
seizing the prior's ships, &c. . At those of 7 Edward I. [1279], John
de Lisle sought to recover some rent from Robert de Mitford, who was
a burgess of Newcastle, for appurtenances in Newcastle. A Robert
de Mitford was one of the pledges for Beatrix de Witefield. He was
also bailiff of Newcastle and one of the jurors.15 On 11 Oct. 1316,
the keepership of the bishop's manor of Howden was on a vacancy
entrusted to William de Mitford of the Cistercian order.16 On 29 Sep.
1595, Mittford was one of the principal men of the middle marches.
On 24 Sep. 1597, Rob. Mytforthe was a juror at Newburn.17

The hospital of St. Leonard was not far from Mitford. A modern
residence, known as ' the Spital,' is built on the site. The following
are one or two notes relating to it : — 18

An agreement was made on 25 May 1489, between Newminster,
Brinkburn, and the master of St. Leonard's hospital near Mitford with
respect to boundaries, ' le Falland Cross ' is mentioned. On the'26
Jan. 1491, Henry Gray, lord Gray, for the souls of himself and that
of his late wife Margaret, and of his then wife Katherine, &c., granted
to Robert the abbot, and the monks of Newminster, two waste chapels,
one called ' the chapel of St. Cuthbert de Calce, commonly called
Calcekyrke, near Bokynfelde,' the other the chapel of St. Leonard by
Mitford, in return for which a mass should be celebrated ' curn de luce
migraverimus.' He appointed George Percy, knight, and Thomas
Harbottel, the chaplain, his attorneys. On the 26 July of the same
year, another indenture, in English, referring to the same, was made
between the abbot of Newminster and the prior of Brinkburn, whereby
the abbot was to have the chapel of St. Leonard's, and the prior that
of St. Cuthbert near Bockenfield. On the 4 May, 7 Henry VII.
[1492], Thomas Burrow [Burgh], lord of Gainsborough, for the souls
of himself and of his late wife Margaret, granted and confirmed to New-
minster the same chapel of St. Leonard, on the same terms as in the
before-mentioned grant of Henry Gray. On 5 Sep. 1498, William

12 North. Astize Rolls, 3!i7, 350, 357, 386, ?98 : ' Testa de Nevill,' Arch. Ad. xxv.
is Calendar of Border Papers, II. 79. u Reg. Pal. Dun. in. 12*.

16 North. Atsize Rolls, 57, 58, 97, 129, 162, 294, 296, 350, 361, 399.
i« Reg. Pal. Dun. 1Y. 143, 145, 156. 17 Cal. of Border Papers, n. 56, 405.

18 Newm. Cart. 248, 249, 251, 252, 254, 255. In the Rev. John Hodgson's time, the
ruins of St. Cuthbert's chapel, at Causey park, referred to in the text, were standing.

prior of Brinkburn, quit claimed rights to the same chapel. On the
same date, Newminster granted to Brinkburn a rent of 2s. a year from
the chapel, in lieu of a former rent of 4s.

After thanking Mr. MacLeod for his kind services, the party pro-
ceeded to Springhill, the residence of Mr. George Renwick, one of the
members of parliament for Newcastle, who, with Mrs. Renwick, heartily
welcomed the members.

Tea, dispensed by Mrs. Renwick and other members of her family,
and other refreshments having been partaken of, Mr. Oswald, in
felicitous terms, proposed a hearty vote of thanks to Mr. and Mrs.
Renwick. It having been accorded, Mr. Renwick, in reply, said he and
his family were extremely pleased to welcome them to Springhill. Sir
Benjamin Stone, M.P., had just left, and he was sorry that he could
not stay to meet them. Sir Benjamin had pre-arranged with one of
their members (the Rev. John Walker) to go to Whalton to witness
the ancient ceremony of bale-fire, and he desired him to convey his
regret to them. Proceeding, Mr. Renwick said he hoped they would
go down to Newminster abbey, but he regretted that it was not kept
in such an excellent state as he would desire. Last year the agent of
the estate was persuaded to chop down some of the trees, but still it
was not kept as he thought it ought to be, and he hoped they would
use their influence to get the agent to pay it still greater attention.
It was a most interesting ruin. Concluding, Mr. Renwick hoped they
would have pleasant memories of their visit to Springhill.

The plan of the abbey, seen from the hill on which Springhill stands,
was distinctly to be made out, the grassy mounds marking the lines
of the walls. The party then descended to the remains. The best pre
served object is the doorway at the wrest end of the nave. This was all
that appeared above ground before the excavations were made on the
site a few years ago. The late Mr. Woodman described the discoveries on
a former occasion (for his description and also rough plan of the abbey,
see these Proceedings, m. 110-115). Some well-carved corbels are lying
on the fenced in site of the chapter house (see p. 74, where an illustra-
tion, reproduced from a drawing by Mr, Jos. Oswald, shews them).

The following are a few notes from various sources relating to
Newminster : —

At the assizes of 53 Henry III. [1269] the abbot of Newminster
appointed as his attorney brother John de Aketon, or John le Surrays,
in an action against William, son of Thomas de Brumpton, concerning
land. At the same time he appointed John de Kyrkeby, or Roger
de Wooderugh, in an action against the son of Alan de Calveley,1 ,j

In 1311, Richard [Kellawe], bishop of Durham, issued a mandate to
the abbot of Newminster, reciting a letter from Berengarius, bishop of
Frascati, the pope's penitentiary, to bishop Bek, respecting the harsh
treatment of Walter de Wytton, who had quitted the abbey without
licence, and appeared in lay clothes for several weeks, and then
returning to the monastery and seeking mercy was beaten by the
cellarer and his servants, and was chained in a dire prison ; breaking
his chains he escaped, returned to the world for eight years, and
married. He again applied for admission, but the abbot refused
to receive him back into the convent. The effect of the mandate was,
that the abbot must obey the injunction of the pope's penitentiary
ordering his re-admission.2

i North. Assize Rolls, 220 * Reg. Pal. Dun. \. 13.

The abbot is witness to a composition between the bishop of
Durham and the abbot of St. Alban's, relative to Tynemouth priory.
On 27 May, and 20 July 1313, the abbot is down for 22 marks in the
king's writs touching the fifteenths granted to him by the clergy.
On the return to a writ, the abbot is said to have no goods ecclesias-
tical.8 On 23 Feb. 1313/4, the bishop of Durham addressed a letter to
the archbishop of York, concerning the seizure of a mortuary on the
death of Adam de Thornton, ' naturae debitum nuper solvens,' by the
abbot, which the rector of Meldon claimed, as the death had taken
place « infra ipsius limites.' On 26 May 1314, the king was at New-
minster, as a writ is dated from that place.4

Bishop Pudsey of Durham, granted the manor of Chopwell to
Robert, abbot of Newminster, in exchange for the manor of Wolsing-
ham, subject to certain reservations. In 1315, John, abbot of
Newminster, petitioned the bishop relative to the manor in which the
bishop and his tenants had common of pasture. In the same year,
the free tenants of Ryton, who had common of pasture, &c., com-
plained that the abbot had made a new ditch, which impeded both
the bishop and his free tenants in their free ingress, &c., to 350 acres
of wood and pasture to which they had formerly had access. The
jury, before whom the matter came, decided that without this the
free tenants had sufficient land nearer Ryton ; that the abbot was
never prevented from taking deer or birds ; and that the wood was
neither a warren nor a free chase. On the vigil of St. Matthew the
apostle, 1315, the bishop granted to John abbot of Newminster, rights
in his manor of Chopwell, and that if any of the bishop's cattle, or
those of his tenants, should get in owing to defect of gates, &c., they
should be impounded [ezcacientur]. On 16 kal. June [17 May] 1316,
the abbot was one of those summoned to Newcastle, touching the
aid to the king to frustrate the Scottish invasion.5

The burgesses of Mitford quit claimed to Newminster land at
Mitford. Christiana de Mithford granted six pennies a year out of her
house to light blessed Robert of Newminster.6

On 17 Dec. 1334, William de Tynemuth, a monk of Newminster, was
ordained sub-deacon by John, bishop of Carlisle. On 22 Dec. 1337,
brother John de Tynemouth, a monk of Newminster, was ordained
' acolytus religiosus ' in the chapel of Auckland manor, by the bishop
of Durham; and in 1341, priest by Boniface, bishop of Corbaiiia, in
Durham cathedral. At the same time, Thomas de Rayngton, Nicholas
de Carlo, and Thomas de Houghall, also monks of Newminster, were or-
dained acolytes by the same bishop of Corbania, at the same place.7

After spending a very pleasant afternoon, most of the party left
Morpeth at 6' 11 p.m., for their respective destinations.

Amongst those present were : — Mr. R. C. Hedley of Corbridge ; Mr.
C. W. Henzell and Miss McCrae of Tynemouth ; Mr. and Mrs. Dowson,
Mr. and Mrs. Oliver, and Mr. Matheson of Morpeth ; Mr. J. M. Moore
and Mr. R. Blair (secretary) of Harton ; Miss Armstrong of Westoe ;
Mr. W. W. Tomlinson of Monkseaton ; Mr. W. Smith and Miss Smith,
and a friend, of Gunner ton ; Mr. Jos. Oswald, Mr. and Mrs. R. S.
Nisbet, and Mr. Oliver of Newcastle : Mr. and Mrs. C. Hopper of Croft ;
the Hon. and Rev. W. Ellis of Bothal ; Mr. J. W. and Miss Gibson of
Bedlington ; and others.

3 Reg. Pal. Dun. i. 82 ; 11. 939, 961, 963.

* Ibid. II. 689, 1004 ; IV. 379, 388. « Ibid. III. 731, 802, 805, 1283, 1285, 286.

6 Xewm. Cartulary, 29, 2^6. ~ Reg. Pal. Dun. ill. 106, 110, 156, 189.

PROCEEDINGS

OP THE

SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES

OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE.

VOL. I. (3 Ser.) 1903 No. 8

The usual monthly meeting of the society, was held in the library
of the Castle, Newcastle, on Wednesday, the 29th day of July, 1903,
at seven o'clock in the evening, Mr. Thomas Hodgkin, D.C.L., F.S.A.,
&c., being in the chair.

Several accounts recommended by the council for payment were
ordered to be paid.

The following ordinary member was proposed, and declared duly
elected : —

Lambert W. Middleton, Oakwood, Hexham.

Mr. F. W. Dendy said the council, with the approval of the society,
had commenced a new series of the Archaeologia Aeliana, and a new
series of the Proceedings of the society. The first series of the Archaeo-
logia now fetched a large sum. The second series, about to be replaced
by a third, consisted of twenty-five volumes, and brought from £20 to
£30 . The ten volumes of the Proceedings, now come to an end, were also
very valuable, fetching from £8 to £10 ; so that practically those who
had been members of the society throughout the years covered by the
second series, had got an asset which they could now sell at a sum nearly
sufficient to pay their subscriptions for the whole period of their mem-
bership. It was evident that the present was an excellent time for
joining the society. New members would have the advantage of
starting at the beginning of the third series of the Archaeologia and
the third series of the Proceedings.

The chairman said they were very much indebted to Mr. Dendy for
bringing to their notice the fact that they, who thought they had been
simply spending their time and money in a pleasant literary occupa-
tion, had made a very good investment.

The following NEW BOOKS were placed on the table : —

Presents, for which thanks were voted : —

From the Reichslimeskommission : Limesblatt, No. 35, 27 May,
1903, with title page 1892-1900, and index.

From the Nova Scotian Institute of Science : Proceedings and
Transactions, x. (2 ser. in.) i. Sess. 1901-2. 8vo.

From Mr. T. May, F.E.I.S., the author : « Roman Weights found at
Melandra (reprint from the Derbyshire Archaeological Society's
Journal for 1903).

Exchanges : —

From the Yorkshire Archaeological Association : The Yorkshire

Archaeological Journal, pt. 67 (xvn. iii.) 8vo. Leeds, 1903.
From the Historisch-Philosophischen Vereins of Heidelberg : Neue

Heidelberger Jahrbucher, xn. i. 8vo. Heidelberg, 1903.
From the Royal Society of Northern Antiquaries of Copenhagen :

(i.) Mdmoires, new series, 1902; (ii.) Aarboeger, xvn. ii. 8vo.
From the Royal Society of Norway : Nordiske Fortidsminder, parts

5 & 6, large 4to.

From the Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire : Transactions
for 1901, LIII. (n.s. xvn.) 8vo. 1902.

From the Royal Archaeological Institute : The Archaeological Jour-
nal, LX., 2 ser. x. i. 8vo.

From the Numismatic Society of London : The Numismatic Chronicle,
4 ser. vol. in. No. 9. 8vo.

From the Cambrian Archaeological Society : Archaeologia Cambrensis,

6 ser. in. iii. 8vo.

From the Shropshire Archaeological and Natural History Society :
Transactions, 3 ser. in. ii. (special Battlefield number). 8vo.

From the Huguenot Society of London : Publications, xvn. ' Register
of the French Church of Thorney, Cambridgeshire.' 4to. Aber-
deen, 1903.

From the Derbyshire Archaeological and Natural History Society :
Journal, xxv. 8vo., 1903.

From La Societe d'Archeologie de Bruxelles: Annales, xvn., i. and
ii. 8vo.

Purchases : — Laking's The Armoury of the Knights of St. John of Jerusa-
lem, Malta ; Payne-Gallwey The Cross-bow ; The Ancestor, nos.
1 and 3 ; J. Romilly Allen, The Early Christian Monuments of
Scotland ; Hodgson's History of South Shields ; Ephemeris Epi-
graphica, vol. x. pt. i. ; Mittheilungen of the Imp. German Arch-
aeological Institute, vol. xvn. iv., Rom, 1902; The Antiquary
for June, July and August, 1903 ; Notes and Queries, Nos. 284,
286-8, 290 and 291 ; The Reliquary, ix. iii. (July, 1903) ; The
Northern Genealogist, vi. i. ; and 12 plans of earthworks by the
Rev. E. A. Downam [these are of — The Wrekin, Shropshire ;
Ashstead Common, Packesham, Walton Heath, Barnstead
Heath, Lagham Park and Dry Hill, Surrey ; Keston, Kent ;
Edburton Castle, Devil's Dyke (in 2 parts), Wolstonbury, and
Ditchling Beacon, Sussex].

Mr. R. Oliver Heslop, referring to the list of new books on the table
just read out by Mr. Blair, called the attention of members to the
publication by Mr. Gr. B. Hodgson of his History of South Shields. It
would be the wish of those present, he felt sure, to express congratula-
tion with their fellow member, Mr. Hodgson, on the completion of his
arduous task. The work embodies an amount of labour and research
extending over many years. How well it had been carried out was
apparent to those whose privilege it had been to see the work in its
progress through the press. It was a scholarly and conscientious book,
and its publication added a most important contribution to local

Proc. Soc. Antiq. Newc. I. (3 Ser.)

To face page 63.

•

TITHE BARN, WARKWORTH,

( See opposite page. )

history. They as a society could not fail to recognize with pleasure*
the appearance of this volume by one of their own members ; and Mr.
Hodgson's brother journalists present ought to be equally proud in
recognizing the historical services rendered by one of their confreres.

The remarks were received with acclamation.

Later in the evening, the chairman called attention to the presence
of Mr. Hodgson, who had entered the meeting after the eulogy on his
book had been spoken. The chairman informed Mr. Hodgson of the
remarks made in his absence, and very cordially congratulated him.

Mr. Hodgson thanked his colleagues for their unexpected reference to
his book, and expressed obligations to members of the society who had
assisted him in its progress.

DONATIONS TO THE MUSEUM.

By Mr. J. R. Crone (per Mr.
A. L. Steavenson of Holy-
well hall, Durham): parts
of a wooden shovel tip-
ped with iron, and an
iron pick, probably about
200 years old, found in
an old Weardale mine in
1885.
Thanks were voted to Mr.

Crone for his gift.

EXHIBITED :

By Mr. J. C. Hodgson, F.S.A.:
photographs of the old
tithe barn at Warkworth,
now being demolished.
Mr. Hodgson read the fol-
lowing notes on the build-
ing : — " Adjoining the east
side of the churchyard of
Warkworth, there is a plot of
ground comprising about 975
square yards, upon a portion
of which there stood, until the
present month, a stone build-
ing of one storey, covered
with red pantiles. This plot
of ground was the stackgarth,
*)Caie itr and the building was the tithe

1 ' * ' — '— ' — ' — ' — — ' barn, formerly belonging to

the appropriate rectory of Warkworth. The site is one of more
than ordinary interest, for either here or in the adjoining garden there
stood, it is believed, the Benedictine cell to which Farnham, bishop of
Durham, appropriated the church of Branxton. The tithe barn was
a building 60 feet long by 18 feet wide. On the south side were two
doors, one of which was immediately opposite a similar opening on the
north side ; the object of the arrangement being to obtain a through
draught for winnowing, when the corn was threshed with a flail by
a barnman. When in the occupation of the farmers of the tithes, the
barn was sometimes sub-let to theatrical companies or strolling players ;
the play Jane Shore was performed on April 21, 1849. When the

provisions of the Tithes Commutation Act, came into operation on the
expiration of the subsisting leases, the premises were no longer required
for the purposes for which, up to that time, they had been used. About
1860 the Ecclesiastical Commissioners (in whom the bishop of Carlisle's
estates had become vested), on the petition of the vicar of Warkworth,
granted the garth, with the buildings upon it, to the benefice, to form
a vegetable garden for the vicarage house. After being continuously
used for that purpose, the garden, or garth, was sold in May, 1899, by
the Rev. R. W. Dixon to Mr. Thomas Clutterbuck, whose residence
and garden adjoined the premises on the east. Although the vicar
acted within his legal rights, in the exercise of his discretion, and the
sale was for a valuable consideration, the act, in the writer's opinion,
was reprehensible, and to be lamented. Mr. Clutterbuck died shortly
afterwards, and the premises were sold by his executors and trustees
by private contract to Mr. John Short, who in May, 1903, sold and
conveyed them to Messrs. John and George Green, their present owners,
who are about to convert the barn into cottages. Fragments or
vestiges of a few other tithe barns still exist in the county, viz., at
Haltwhistle, Allendale, West Thirston, and perhaps at Great Swinburne.
Of the latter structure Mr. Cuthbert Riddell states that it belongs to
him, and not to the owners of the rectory of Chollerton, but he was
always told by his late father that it iiad been used as a tithe barn."

Thanks were voted to Mr. Hodgson.

The photographs have been reproduced in the plate facing this page.

By Mr. Blair (one of the secretaries) : a second brass coin of Hadrian,
found in the river at Newcastle, near the Swing bridge :

obv. IMP CAESAR TRAiANVS HADRiANVS . . . . ; laureated head of

emperor to right.

rev. PONT MAX TR POT cos in. In exergue BRITANNIA. In
field s. c. A seated figure resting her head on her right
hand, spear in her left, her right foot on a helmet, on ground
a shield.

By Mr. E. Wooler of Darlington : — A photograph of some Ancient
British flint implements, found at Newton Ketton, near Darl-
ington, some years ago, and presented to him by the executors
of the late Dr. Manson of Darlington (See Manson's Zig Zay
Ramblings of a Naturalist) The illustrations on the opposite plate
show them.

THE BISHOP'S PARK, BISHOP AUCKLAND.

A member reported that the bishop of Durham had appointed a
park keeper, and had notified last week that the park would be closed
to the free access of the public, not as in the time of bishops Baring,
Lightfoot, and Westcott, when it was open to all, and that admission
in the future would be by ticket only.

' THE CASTLES,' HAMSTERLEY, COUNTY DURHAM.

Mr. R. Blair (one of the secretaries) read the following paper by Mr.
E. Wooler of Darlington, on ' The Ancient British camp known us
' The Castles ' near Hamsterley, Durham.'

" About a year ago a Darlington gentleman, knowing the interest I
take in such matters, brought under my notice some bronze celts,
which he had purchased amongst a lot of scrap metal (see Proc. !Soc.
Antiq. Newc. x. 360). On enquiry these celts were found to have

Proe. Soc. Antiq. Neios. L (3 Ser.)

To face page 64.

ROMAN VASE FROM PIERCEHRII >GK. I See pa^e ido.l

PRE-HISTORIC FI.INT ARROW HEADS FOUND AT NEWTON KETTON. ( See opposite i>age.
( All in possession of Mr. E. U'ooler of Darlington.)

Proc. Soc. Antiq. Newc. I. (3 Ser.)

To face page 64.

No. 1, FROM THE INSIDE.

NO. 2, FROM THE OUTSIDE.
' THE CASTLES,' HAMSTERLEY. THE SOUTH-EAST CORNER.

come from the vicinity of the Ancient British camp of the Brigantes
at Stanwick, Yorks. Naturally this discovery at once revived my
interest in this camp,1 which was a few days subsequently visited by
a party of about 30, including myself. Arising out of a newspaper
article which was published, describing the finding of the celts and
our visit to the camp, I received several letters from northern ar-
chaeologists pointing out, amongst other matters, that this camp
was probably on or immediately contiguous to the Black or Scots
dyke, the line of which has been distinctly traced through Northum-
berland to the north-western boundary of the county of Durham,
which it enters near Shorngate cross.8 From this point, however,
its course through the county of Durham was largely a matter of
surmise, and accordingly I and my friend Mr. Turnbull instituted
investigations with the hope of finding such traces of the dyke
as would enable us to indicate its route after entering Durham
until arriving at a point on the Yorkshire side of the Tees opposite
Gainford church. So far as the object of our investigations is
concerned, we have not hitherto met with much encouragement,
but on one of our expeditions we visited the neighbourhood of Wol-
singham, and there found old remains of absorbing interest at
the place known as ' The Castles.' These are the ruins of what
appears to be an old fortification, probably of the Brigantes. Its
situation is within about 300 yards of Harehope burn, and to the
north- west]of Hoppyland3 park, Hamsterley (see plan, p. 65). Situated
at the foot of a high ridge of hills, and standing at an altitude of
612 feet, is an enclosure of oblong form, the interior space being a
plane inclining to the south. The internal dimensions are — to the
south 278 feet, to the north 249 feet, and the general width is 215
feet ; and on every side the structure was defended by lofty ram-
parts of stones with an outward ditch, the soil from the fosse having
been thrown inward, and the ramparts built upon it. Both the out-
side and inside walls were undoubtedly originally faced with quarried
stones (see plate facing p. 64) laid in courses, the intervening
space between the walls being filled in with loose stones. On the
eastern side, about the middle, there is evidence of there having been
at one time an entrance, but no reliable idea of the original size of

i See Clarkson's Richmond, 344 : VVhitaker's Richmondshire, ->06 ; Phillips's York-
shire, 222 ; and The Archaeological Journal, Nos. 23 and 24 (1849).
2 See Kitchin's Map of Northumberland.

3 The hoppings at Hamsterley and Byers Green were the most noted in the county
of Durham. In Yorkshire such a gathering is called a Wake, and in Lancashire a
Rush Bearing. These festivals were originally called Feasts of the Dedication, being
always held upon the days of the Saints to whom the respective parish churches are
dedicated. The word hopping is derived from the practice of hopping and dancing on
these occasions. Wake refers to the custom of waking or watching in the church all
the night previous, and reciting certain prayers set apart for the occasion ; and rush
bearing signifies the usage of bringing bull-rushes to strew in the church, as the
meetings were originally held in the churchyards, where it was a custom to build
bowers and tents, and to perform those rude dramas known by the names of Mysteries
and Moralities. According to Boldon Book, the villains of West Auckland had the
privilege of building 18 booths at the Fair of St. Cuthbert at Durham. The religious
tenor of these assemblages, however, seems to have been long forgotten, and climbing
greasy poles, grinning through horse-collars, leaping in sacks, and some other unmen-
tionable feats, have formed the amusement. In the present day foot-racing, coursing,
athletic games, fiddling, dancing and drinking, with an occasional boxing match by
way of variety, are the general pastimes. In Lancashire, the parties still deck out a
cart with bushes, &c., and fasten into a rope 20 or 30 yards long, to which they yoke
themselves in pairs and gallop up and down the town, a man running before and
cracking a whip, to compel everybody they meet, under the penalty ,of a sound whip-
ping, to catch hold of the rope and run a certain distance with them.

this opening can be formed, owing to the circumstances that the
whole of the wall is down, but in the centre of it is a large upright
flag, which conjecturally may have answered the purpose of a
door. The base of the stone ramparts exceeded 26 feet, and the
medium height of the walls outside was upwards of 15 feet. Near
the place of entrance on the east side, a stream runs down a deep
gill, showing that advantage had been taken of the natural forma-
tion of the ground to strengthen the defences of the fortress, and
probably a bridge or platform of trees or hurdles, which could be
easily either removed or destroyed, was used at this particular point.
Apparently the gill had been dammed up at the north-east corner,
in order to fill the ditches with water, and in all probability there
was also a dam at the south-east corner, for the purpose of more
effectually securing deep water. Judging from the manner in which
the wall has been thrown down, the fortification would appear to
have been attacked from the north, which is undoubtedly the weak-
est side. At the present time the site of the camp is partially
covered and surrounded by growths of mountain ash and birch trees,
and whin bushes, and the ditches are filled with growing brushwood.
Looking from the beck the wall is stupendous, as on this side the
greatest quantity of materials has manifestly been needed, in order
to bring the ridge to the level of the rest of the work. It is difficult
to conjecture whence the stones were obtained to build the fort, as
there is no appearance of any such materials on the adjacent lands.
Although the enclosed space is now covered with trees and under-
growth, there are evidences that the whole space has been ploughed
at no very distant time. ' The Castles ' is on land which now
forms part of the estate of Mr. Blenkinsopp of Hoppyland Park,
with whom I have been in communication, and from whom I hope
to obtain permission to excavate a trench some three feet deep across
the internal space, in the hope of making discoveries to throw light
on the age of the remains. Mr. Blenkinsopp tells me the property has
been in his family for about 150 years. Some remains discovered
he describes as looking like ' fossilized tusks,' and he also says some
slag was found in one or two places near by, as though ironstone
had been smelted there. The property was formerly copyhold, held
of the bishop of Durham, and was anciently part of the possessions
of the Eures, who held it for many generations. The following is an
abstract of the title, from 1614 to 1805: —

4 May, 12 James 1. (1614) Demise I/-. Jno. Calverley to Robt.
Hutton junr. son and heir of Ro: Hutton D.D. one parcel of land
late waste of the lord lying nigh foot of Ewden called the Nether
Close containing by estm. 3 ac. of land with the appurts. formerly
in the tenure of Richd. Hawdon.

5 Ap.,'8 Charles 1. (1632) fo. 982. 1/4. Thos. Garthorn to his
brother Anthony The same premises with one parcel of land late
waste of the lord now inclosed with one house thereupon built
lying at Ewdon nigh the pissing Carr containing by estm. 1 ac. of
land and also the above.

24 Sep. 24 Ch. 2. (1672) fo. 1591. d. Admittance of Thos. Garthorn,
son and heir of Anthony to the same premises.

25 Sep. 3 W. & M. (1691), fo. 1321 1/4 Thos. Garthorn to Wm:
Blackett the same premises.

24 Ap. 1734, fo. 205. d. 1/4. Admittance of Jno. Blackett, ne-
phew and heir of William to the same premises.

5 Jan. 1768, fo. 200 d. 1/4 and 2/2. Jno. Blackett to Nics. Walton

In Trust for William Leaton The same premises with 2 Allotments
of 2 ac, and 4 ac. 2 r. 0 p.

28 Feb. 1805, fo. 78 d. 1/4 and 2/2. Admittance of Nic. Walton
son and heir of Nic. to the same premises.

4 Mar. 1805, fo. 79 d. 1/4 and 2/2. N. Walton to G. T. Leaton
to Robert Walters the same premises.

In regard to the trench I hope to be allowed to dig, as it must not
be forgotten that there is something to be gained, some knowledge to
be acquired, by careful and observant digging, properly carried out.
The feeling that I was trying, and not altogether unsuccessfully, to
decipher a partly obliterated page of history has been something
so strong, that it required little imagination to form a mental
picture of the old occupants of the camp. There is no doubt that
* The Castles ' was constructed in very remote antiquity, and not
either in modern times or since the country was cleared of wood, its
situation being such that all the surrounding lands command it,
and it would have been untenable against even the most primitive
artillery. Roman writers tell us that Caesar found the inhabitants
of Britain dwelling in huts in the midst of thick woods and forests,
and in strongholds concealed among the mountains. The whole of
the country around ' The Castles ' was originally forest land. In
every particular the place answers to the descriptions of the Ancient
British strongholds, surrounded by a mound of stones without any
cementing material, in a concealed and secure retreat, hidden by
hills and enclosed in a thick wood (Hutchinson, Durham, in. 374).
Under such circumstances the place was well nigh impregnable. It
may bs surmised that the more distant approach was through a
wood by a pathway, only negotiable by one person at a time, as in
the backwoods of America ; the nearer passes probably blocked by
barricades. The permanent habitations of the Brigantes were
crowded together in forests, without any attempt at order or regu-
larity, and the village or rude aggregation of huts denned by a
mound of loose earth or stones piled up in a ridge, which was fur-
ther strengthened by a ditch outside, and logs of timber heaped up
inextricably by way of barricades, formed the outwork. The huts
consisted of a few poles placed in a circular form, wattled with
hurdles and covered with turf. The manners and customs of the
Brigantes are chiefly to be gathered by interpreting what remains
of their dwellings and tombs, their towns and camps, their stones
of memorial and circles of assembly, their weapons and tools, or-
dinary earthenware and principal ornaments. Caesar, speaking of
the southern parts of Britain, says that the buildings were numer-
ous and much like those of Gaul. The houses were tapering huts,
construsted of wood on a circular basis. Of these humble structures
we have only the foundations, of which there appear to be three
varieties. In the first example, which occurs frequently in the
north, south, and south-eastern districts of Yorkshire, the ground is
excavated in a circular shape, so as to make a pit from 6 to 8, or
even 16 to 18 feet in diameter, with a raised border, and of the
depth of 3. 4, or 5 feet. Over this cavity we can imagine branches
of trees, so arranged as to form a conical roof, perhaps rendered
weather proof by wattling a covering of rushes or sods. The open-
ing would probably be on the side removed from the prevalent wind.
Traces of fire have been found in the centre of many of the cavities
examined. The Rev. W. Greenwell (British Barrows,) tells us: —

' That the Brigantes lived in an organized condition of society
may be considered as quite certain and as a necessity of such a
state, they must have been under the government of a head, most
probably the chief of a clan. They had unquestionably long passed
beyond a stage when the family is the only community, and they
were ruled by order and constraint, embracing wider bounds than
those comprised within the authority of relationship in its more
limited sense. The magnitude of the camps would in itself imply
this, as from the amount of continued labour bestowed upon them,
they could never have been erected, except by a community which
included many families. The very extensively and strongly con-
structed defensive arrangements (enclosing in many instances large
tracts of country within their lines) are strongly indicative of a com-
bination which necessitated a union of very considerable bodies of
men, and there is every reason to believe that these works were
constructed by the same people. Within what may perhaps be de-
signated as a larger federation, held together by common origin and
mutual interest, there were doubtless several smaller tribal divisions,
ruled over by their respective chiefs, either independent of or more
or less under the authority of the federal head. It may also be that
there were still more minute sub- divisions, where the family govern-
ment might prevail, and where the interest and property in the
land would be parcelled out into tracts, not larger than what is com-
prised witnin contiguous ranges of high land, in some cases not
more extensive perhaps than the present parishes. The west of the
county of Durham consists of a tract of high land which has never
been cultivated, but would, in similar circumstanced parts of Eng-
land, have been occupied with the cairns and barrows of the people
who once lived there. Such memorials of the dead are almost en-
tirely, if not altogether, wanting on the Durham moorlands. Camps
or other fortified places are very uncommon, and seem, with the
exception of some of doubtful date on Cockfield Fell,4 to be con-
fined to the valley of the Wear. I visited « The Castles ' on Satur-
day, the 6th June, 1903, with my friends Messrs. Turnbull and
Mountford, and found climbing the mounds of stones a difficult
task. The interior plain would be capable, according to Hutchinson,
of receiving about 500 huts of the character above described so
that the fortress would secure within the ramparts probably between
2,000 and 3,000 people, basing the calculations on five persons or
thereabouts to each hut. Some antiquaries surmise that this
camp was on the line of the Scots or Black dyke (see Bruce' s
Roman Wall), others that the Brigantes after they were defeated
by the Romans at Stan wick camp, fled hither and entrenched
themselves. As favouring the latter view, a road leads from ' The
Castles ' to Stanwick, and Ancient British and Roman remains
have been found within a few miles of the old fortress.

I have here four photographs of ' The Castles ' from different
positions. Number 1 is a view of the south-east corner from
outside the fort ; number 2 is a view of the same corner from
the inside ; number 3 is the south of the ruins from the inside ;
number 4 is the east wall looking south on the top of the wall ;

< Lord Barnard's agent has very kindly lent me an old map of CockfieJd Fell,
made in 1810, in which the three camps mentioned in Hutchinson are shown. I think
there can be no doubt they are on the line of the Scots Dyke, as I have found another
camp near Winston station, described by Cade. There is a description of the camps on
Cockfield Fell given by Bailey in the Antiquarian Repertory.

and number 5 is a plan (see p. 65) of the camp prepared by my friend
Mr. Woodward of the Engineer's department of the North-Eastern
Railway."

These photographs have been reproduced in the plates facing pages
64, 66,, and 68, and numbered respectively 1,2, 3, and 4.

Thanks were voted by acclamation to Mr. Wooler for his paper.

THE VILLIERS FAMILY AND TYNEMOUTH CASTLE.

Mr. Blair read a supplemental paper by Mr. H. A. Adamson, V.P.,
on ' The Villiers Family as Governors of Tynemouth Castle and
owners of the Lighthouse,' which will be printed in Archaeologia
Aeliana, vol. xxv.

Thanks were voted to Mr. Adamson by acclamation.

THE ' TESTA DE NEVILL.'

Mr. J. C. Hodgson, V.P., F.S A., read ' Notes on the Sources of the
Testa de Nevill,' and gave extracts from it relating to Northumberland.

Thanks were voted by acclamation to Mr. Hodgson, who had borne
the cost of making the extracts from the original document, and it was
unanimously rosolved to print the paper in Archaeologia Aeliana, xxv.

MISCELLANEA.

THE PERCYS.

"A quaint rhyming chronicle of the Percies, compiled by William
Peeris, clerk and priest and secretary to the fifth earl of Northumber-
land, preserved in the Bodleian library (Dodsworth MS.. L, fol. 119),
gives this reason for Sir Henry Percy being named Hotspur :
The eight Henry, sone to the seaventh Henry bounteous and good,

His father yet livinge, was a right valiant knight,
And did many notable acts, as became his noble blond,

For defence of his Princes Kealme hee spared not to fight,
For his sharpe quicknesse and speedinesse at neede,

Henry Hottespur hee was called indeede.

The chronicler goes on to describe him as ' crowne of all vertues,' and
then speaks of the place of his burial :

In Yorke Min.ster this most honourable knight
By the first earle his father lyeth openly in sight.

— The Antiquary, for July 1903, p, 206.

PREROGATIVE COURT OF CANTERBURY, 1631-1634.

Extracts relating to Durham & Northumberland :

Haselwood, John, of Ogle castle (p. Whalton), Northumberland, gent.

Will [43 St. John] pr. Ap. 27 by Sir Henry Babington, kt.
Howson, John, D.D,, Lord Bishop of Durham, decd in p. St. Sepulchre,

Lond. Will [24 Audley] pr. Nov. 14 by Gilbert Ford.
Smith, Elizabeth, of Durham, widow (described in the will, <tut<'</

March, as ' late of Durham, and now of Little Eden ' [p. Easing-

ton co. Durham]. Will [65 Audley] June 16 to dau. Elizabeth

Heath.
Smith, Roger (of p. St. Mary in the South Bailey), Durham (gent.).

Aclmon. w. Will [65 Audley] June 16, to dau. Eliz. Heath, rel.

Eliz. decd.
Shaftoe, Henry, of Berwick on Tweed, co. Northumberland. Will

[53 Audley] pr. May 1, by brother Thomas.
Slmftow, Eplmihim (of Berwick on Tweed, gent., but belonging to the

4 Royal James' in HWO) ; deceased abroad unmarried. Will

[104 St. John] pr. Dsc. 22, by brother Thomas.

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES

OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE.

VOL. I. (3 Ser.) 1903. No. 9.

The usual monthly meeting of the society was held in the library
of the castle, Newcastle, on Wednesday, the 26th day of August, 1903,
at seven o'clock in the evening, Mr. R. Coltman Clephan, F.S.A., one
of the vice-presidents, being in the chair.

An account, recommended by the council for payment, was ordered
to be paid.

The following ordinary members were proposed and declared duly
elected : —

i. Matthew R. Bigge, 18 St. George's Square, Stamford.

ii. James Thompson Nisbet, Criffel, Ryton.

iii. Ethel Mary Neucella Williams (Miss), M.D., &c., Newcastle.

The following NEW BOOKS were placed on the table : —

Presents, for which thanks were voted : —

From the librarian of the Newcastle Public Libraries : Useful Arts

Catalogue. 4to., J bd.

From Mr. T. V. Holmes, F.G,S., the writer : ' On Tree- trunk Water-
pipes ' (reprint from the Essex Naturalist, xni. 60-75). 8vo.

Exchanges : —

From the Numismatic Society of London : Numismatic Chronicle,
4 ser. no. 10, 1903, pt. ii. 8vo. [In a paper by Mr. Grueber,
on the Colchester find of pennies of the early Henrys, &c., ' the
largest find of medieval coins that has ever occurred in this
country,' some interesting coins of ' the bishopric ' are noted.]
From the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, U.S.A. : Natick
Dictionary, by James Hammond Trumbull ; large 8vo., cl.

Purchase : — Jahrbuch of the Imperial German Archaeological Institute,
xvin. ii. 8vo. Rom, 1903 ; and Notes and Queries, 292-4,

DONATION TO THE MUSEUM.

By Mr. J. S. Robson : Eleven 18 cent, copper coins and tokens,
including penny of Isle of Man of 1766, Coventry token, half-
pennies and farthings of the Georges, found during the altera-
tions of his premises in Saville Row, Newcastle.

Thanks were voted to Mr. Robson.

EXHIBITED —

By the Rev. Thomas Stephens, vicar of Horsley, Redesdale (per
Mr. R. Blair) :

(i.) A fine 17 cent. ' Book of Arms ' giving the coats of arms of the
peers of England, Scotland, and Ireland, and at the end those of
the gentlemen of Yorkshire, Northumberland, and Durham. Last
sold at the Phillips sale.

(ii.) Two Roman brass coins, from the bed of the river Tyne
at Newcastle, discovered when the foundations of the old bridge
were being removed to give place to the present swing bridge,
and purchased by his father, the late Dr. Stephens of North
Shields. One is a first brass coin of the emperor Hadrian, in
the finest condition, without the least trace of oxide, having
on obverse the laureated and bearded head of the emperor to
the right, with draped bust, and inscribed HADBJANVS AVGVSTVS ;
and on the reverse a galley with nine oars, though only 6 rowers,
having a man on the bow. and another man with 2 standards
on the stern, the inscription being FELICITATI AVG, in field s c.
and in exergue cos in PP The other is a second brass of the
elder Faustina, wife of Antonimis Pius, shewing her draped head
and bust on the obverse to right, with inscription DIVA PAVSTINA ;
and on the reverse a figure standing to left, and the inscription
AETERNITAS, in the field s c.

By Mr. Walter S. Corder ; Three Roman coins — 2 of silver and 1
of bronze — discovered in Swan & Hunter's yard at Wallsend,
near the end of the Roman Wall.

1. Den. Trajan.

obv. IMP TRAIANO AVG GER DAC p M TR p ; head laureated
and bust cuirassed and draped to right.

rev. cos v p P s p Q R OPTIMO PRINC ; figure standing to
left, cornucopia in left hand, rudder [?] in right.

2. Den. Hadrian.

obv. Inscription illegible ; bare head to right.
rev. MONETA AVG ; female figure standing to left, cornu-
copia in left hand, scales in right.

3. Third brass. Marius [?].

obv. Inscription illegible ; radiated head to right.

rev. [VICTORIA AVG] ; figure marching quickly to right.

A ROMAN TABLET FROM THE TYNE AT NEWCASTLE.

Mr. R. Oliver Heslop, F.S.A., one of the secretaries, read the following
notes on this discovery : —

" The discovery of an alta% dedicated to Oceanus, found on the site
of the Aelian bridge at Newcastle, was announced at our meeting in
May last. This has been followed by the disinterment, on Thursday,
the 20th instant, of another Roman inscribed stone at the same place
and under similar conditions. We are again indebted to the engineer
of the River Tyne Commissioners (Mr. James Walker) for the discovery
itself, for the courtesy with which he has allowed the stone to be ex-
amined, and for the photographs now submitted for your inspection.

The stone before you has been a wall-tablet, inscribed upon a slab of
sandstone, close grained and of great hardness. It measures twenty-six
inches long by eighteen and three-quarter inches wide ; and in its
thinness, of about two inches only, it resembles on? of our footpath

Proc. Soc. Antiq. Newc. I. ( 3 Ser.)

To face page 72.

MOv/C
AT'VKX

V \ACONR

ROMAN INSCRIPTION FROM THE RIVER TYNE AT NEWCASTLE.
( From a photograph by Mr. Charles Webb of the Tyne Commissioners' Office, Newcastle.)

GOLD AND SILVER COINS OF HADRIAN, WITH ANCHOR REVERSES, &c
In the French 4 Cabinet des Medailles de la Bibliotheque Nationale,' at Paris.

( From a photograph by Mr. Parker Brewis.)

flags. It is, with the exception of a slight crack, in an almost flawless
state ; the depth and conditions under which it has been buried having
been so favourable to its preservation that tool marks are yet fresh upon
it. Its whole face is covered with a moulded and ansated panel, the
centre compartment being filled with lettering occupying nine lines. The
inscription reads: — IMP . ANTON [i] NO . AVG . PIO . p . PAT . VEXIL [L] A-

T[I]0 LEG . II . AVG . ET . LEG . VI . VIC . ET . LEG . XX . VV . CON[T]n[l]
BVTI . EX . GEB . DVOBVS . SVB . IVLIO . VERO . LEG . AVG . PR . P .

Expanded thus : — IMP(ERATORI) . ANTONINO . AVG(VSTO) . PIO . p
(ATRI) . PAT(RIAE) . VEXIL[L]ATIO . LEG(IONIS) . SECVNDAE . AVG
(VSTAE) . ET . LEG(IONIS) . SEXTAE . VIC(TRICIS) . ET . LEG(IONIS) .
VICESIMAE . v (ALERIAE) v (ICTRICIS) . CON[T]R[I]BVTI . EX . GER
(MANIIS) . DVOBVS . SVB . IVLIO . VERO . LEG (ATO) . AVG (VSTI) . PR(O)
P(RAETORE) .

As Antoninus Pius became emperor in A.D. 138, and was succeeded
by Marcus Aurelius in A.D. 165, the date of the Newcastle inscription
falls presumably within the period of 27 years thus represented.
Towards the end of A.D. 139 and in A.D. 140 the Propraetor Quintus
Lollius Urbicus was engaged in building the Antonine Wall in Scotland.
But the Newcastle stone records the presence of another distinguished
imperial legate in the person of Julius Verus. Again, detachments
of the three legions here named were the builders of the Antonine
Wall. Four of its sections were completed by those of the second
legion, four sections by those of the sixth legion, and three sections
of its length, with other connected works, were built by those of the
twentieth legion. The work done is recorded by each for itself ; in
one instance only, on the Antonine Wall, are any two of the vexilla-
tions associated in one inscription. But in the Newcastle inscription
occurs the remarkable conjunction of all three vexillations. A note of
Horsley may be quoted in this connexion : — ' Excepting the Germans,'
he says, ' we seldom or never have the vexillatio of any but legionary
' soldiers, either in the Roman historians, or any of our Roman in-
' scriptions in Britain. — The Germans seem to be spoken of as fit for
' expedition, and are particularly on several occasions famed for their
' swimming. Tacitus tells us that the Roman soldiers being loaded
' with their arms were afraid to swim, but the Germans were accustomed
'to it, and qualified for it by the lightness of their arms and the
' tallness of their bodies.' « If,' continues Horsley, * the notion of
* vexillarii and vexillatio which I have already endeavoured to establish,
' be right (he had described them as picked men from the legion,
despatched on special service, as our grenadiers used to be), we may
' hence be furnished with a good reason, why there should be vexillations
' of Germans, rather than any other auxilliary forces' (Britannia
Romana, p. 298).

The large force represented by the association of three vexillations,
and their command by an imperial legate, indicate operations of more
than ordinary importance. Of their nature and extent our tablet is
silent. That it records the execution of work of magnitude, either on
the Roman bridge itself or in the adjacent stationary camp of Pons
Aelii, may be reasonably presumed."

Mr. F. Haverfield, F.S.A., said that the inscription is on a singularly
perfect slab, measuring about 18 inches in height and 26 in length. It
has a neat appearance, but a close inspection shews that it is not really
well cut, as it seems that the cutter has omitted several letters which
(as the spacing shews) were drawn or painted on the stone for him to
engrave. The expansion appears to be Imp (eratori) Antonino Aug

(uato) Pio p(atri) pat(riae), vexil[l]atio leg(ionis) ii Aitg(ustce) et
leg(ionis, or legio possibly) vi vic(trix) et leg(ionis) xx v(aleriae)
v(ictricis), con[t]r[i]buti ex Ger(maniis) duobus, sub Julio Vero leg(ato)
Aug(usti) pr(o) p(raetore). — To the Emperor Antoninus Pius, father
of his country, the draft or detachment of the second legion August,
the sixth Victrix, and the Twentieth Valeria Victrix, recruited (?) from
the two provinces of Germany, under Julius Verus, Governor of Britain.
Contributi is a novel phrase to me, but the British legions in the
second century (when Pius reigned) were largely recruited in Germany,
and perhaps the word means recruits or reinforcements, landed in the
Tyne from a voyage over the North Sea. The altars to Oceanus and
Neptune, now in the Blackgate, may refer to the same thing. Julius
Verus seems to be named on one other British inscription as governor
in the time of Pius : he is (as I conjecture) the Julius V. ... of an in-
scription of the reign of Pius, recently found at Brough, in Derbyshire.
The presence of the vexillatio is doubtless concerned either with
campaigns connected with the erection of the vallum of Pius, or with
operations against the Brigantes, to which the Brough stone relates.

Thanks were voted to Mr. Heslop by acclamation.

Mr. S. S- Carr read some * Notes on the Early Monumental Remains
at Tynemouth,' which were illustrated by careful drawings bv Mr. H. S.
Clarke of North Shields. Mr. Carr and Mr. Clarke were thanked.

Mr. R. Coltman Clephan, F.S.A., read a translation by himself of a
paper from the Bonn Jahrbiicher, by Dr. Krueger of the Trier Museum,
on the Roman Wall in Northumberland. Many novel points were
raised by the writer, but some of them were contested by Mr Haverfield.

Mr. Clephan was thanked for his translation.

NEWM

(See p. 69.)

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES

OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE.

VOL. I. (3 Ser.) 1903. No. 10.

A country meeting of the society was held on Thursday, the 3rd day
of September, 1903, at

ULGHAM, WIDDRINGTON, AND CHIBBURN.

Members, of whom there was a small attendance, assembled at
Morpeth railway station, on the arrival there at 10 a.m, of the 9'35
train from Newcastle. Seats were at once taken in the carriage, and
the visitors were driven through the pretty village of Longhirst, with
its gardens gay with flowers, and picturesque though modern church
embosomed in trees, direct to

ULGHAM,

where, near the remains of the village cross, the Rev. A. R. Gregory,
B.D., the vicar, met and welcomed the small party.

Ranulph de Merlay, the principal founder of Newminster abbey,
gave to it common of pasture of all his lands, and also land at
Wlacain [Ulgham], to construct granges from the Eagle's nest to
Egard's well, and by the rivulet from the well to the Line, and from
the Line to the bounds of Lintun, and so to the march of Forum.
This was confirmed by his son Roger de Merlay I., who in addition
gave 10 acres of land beyond Egard's well ; and also by his son
Roger II., who also gave the meadow at Hulgham next Edgard's well.
William de Merlay also confirmed these grants, and besides gave 30
acres of wood at Hulgam to Newminster. Roger III., lord of Ulgham,
who died in 1265, likewise confirmed these grants, and gave a road
from the grange of ' Hulgam ' to the eastern end of the village. These
grants were also confirmed by John de Gray stock and by Ralph de
Graystock (who was paid ten marks and his steward half a mark for
it), whose body was buried in the church at Newminster, where the
* Ewangelium ' was read. Their names all duly appear in the list of
benefactors to the abbey.1

A final concord was entered into by the abbot and convent of
Newminster and Gerard de Wodrington, concerning the boundaries
between the grange of ' Hulgam ' and ' Wodrington,' the bounds are
given, the marks being crosses and oak trees marked with crosses.

i Newminster Cartulary (66 Surt, Soc. publ.), 2, 3, 8, 10.

The still existing * Ulgham ' or ' Bounder Oak,' in the north-wood
near Ulgham, may be one of these marked oaks. An illustration of
it is given on plate facing page 75.

According to an ancient roll, Roger de Merlay held Morpeth, with
Ulgham its member, and many other places, of the king in capite, by
four knights' fees, of the old feoffment. Roger de Merlay III., in 1376,
* intuitu caritatis,' and for fifty marks, gave letters of freedom to John
Spendloue, born at the vill of Ulgham. This Roger left two daughters,
one Mary married to William, baron of Greystock, the other Isabella
to Robert de Somerville. John de Graystock, his son, ' vir strenuus,
sed corpulentus,' divided the lands of his grandfather between himself
and Robert de Somerville, John retaining three knights' fees, including
Morpeth and Ulgham, Robert taking one knight's fee. In a charter of
1279, of the same John, it is stated that his ancestor Ralph de Merlay,
founder of Newminster, had granted to the abbey common of pasture
of all his lands, but that afterwards a certain heir of Ralph had
ejected them from Stobswood and Ulgham, and wishing that his own
soul and the souls of his ancestors should not be placed in jeopardy by
reason of such disturbance, he granted the same common of pasture at
Ulgham in free, pure and perpetual alms, for all animals except goats,
and that the abbey pigs should have pannage in his wood of Ulgham.2

At an inquisition taken before Robert Sapy, the king's escheator
beyond Trent, on the Friday before Pentecost, 1317, the jurors said
that Robert son of Ralph, lord of Graystock, died in 1316, seised of
half of the barony of Merley, including the manor of Ulgham, which
used to be worth in time of peace 482. 13*. 4d. This Robert, who
married Alesia de Nevil, was buried at Boterwyk. He left a son
Ralph, he who besieged Gilbert Middlemen at Mitford. By the roll
already referred to, it is to be noted that Ralph, lord of Nevil, and
Alesia his wife, who died in 1374, mother of William de Graystock,
son and heir of Ralph, baron of Graystock, held the vill of Ulgham in
dower. She surrendered it and other places to her son, as no lands
or tenements in Northumberland had descended to him, except
Hepscot and half of the vill of Stannington. Ralph III., baron of
Graystock, was, with others, captured at Horsridge, in Gleridale, by
George, earl of Dunbar ; his brother William went as a hostage for
him to Dunbar, and being attacked by a pestilential disease died and
was buried there, but after two years his body was removed and buried
before the high altar in Newminster, next Margery, lady of Ulgham.3

Francis Dacre claimed the barony as sole male representative of
William, lord Dacre, grandfather of lady Arundel and lady Elizabeth
Howard, and entered upon the estates. In 1586, a trial took place at
Newcastle, in an action brought by a lessor of lord Arundel, lord
William Howard, and their wives, against a person named Turner,
who persisted in keeping possession of the demesnes of the manor of
Ulgham as a tenant of Francis Dacre, when the verdict was in favour
of the plaintiff, but as judgment was not given owing to a defect in the
proceedings ' Ulgam' for ' Ulgham,' the matter was ultimately settled
by arbitration.4

When Ulgham fell to lady Elizabeth Howard, the rents were 211.
16s. 6d,. In 1595 or 6, when lord William Howard petitioned the
queen, it then being in her hands, the rents are given as 30/. 9s. IQd.,
while by the rental of 1611, it was 31Z. 13s. Od.

2 Newm. Cart., 9, 267, 299, 28!. 3 Ibid. 292, 305, 295, 298.

4 Household Book of Lord William Howard (68 Surt. Soc. publ.) XV. 370.

Mark, in his Survey of a portion of Northumberland (p. 84), tells us
that Ulgham is situated on the south side of the rivulet, called at
this place. . . .Ulgham burn, which conies by Tritlington, and makes
the most considerable branch of the river Line, which name, after
it meets with another called Pottling, it assumes.' ' The chapel stands
at the east end [of the village], on the south side of the rivulet.
The Manor of Ulgham, being part of the Lordship of Morpeth,
belongs at present [1734] to the Earl of Carlisle, but was formerly
part of the estate of the .... Dacres, and fell to the Howards by the
marriage of the third son of the Duke of Norfolk to an heiress of
the Dacres. The whole chapelry is supposed to contain about eighty-
nine or ninety families, and about 450 inhabitants.'

The lands in Ulgham, which belonged to Chibburn preceptory, came
to Lawson Armstrong, who died in 1802. John Swallow, one of his
nephews, ultimately obtained the entirety ot fhe Ulgham estate and
sold it in 1846 to the then earl of Carlisle (Mr Woodman's note).

The manor descended to the present earl of Carlisle, who in 1886
sold it to sir James Joicey, bart., of Longhirst, though he retained
the patronage of the living.

The communal holding of land in Ulgham continued till a com-
paratively late date, the arable land being divided into rigs — strips
corresponding with the number of dwellers in the hamlet. The same
person did not hold the same rig or rigs always, but every year there
was a change, so that the good and bad rigs were held in turn, known
as ' running the rig.' The parson originally had to ' run the rig ' with
his parishioners, but ultimately he was freed from this obligation, and
a particular rig was assigned to him in perpetuity. This is known in
Ulgham as the ' priest's rig ' and it is said to be the richest and best
piece of land in tho hamlet. A fair used to be held in Ulgham near
the cross, on St. John's day, known as Ulgham feast.

Anthony Rumney," bailiff of Ulgham, died in 1621, and there is an
inscribed table-stone to his memory in the graveyard a little to the
south of the church; for a copy of the inscription, see these Proceedings
(v. 23). His family, it is said, fled to the park to avoid the plague, but
it followed them, and they all died from it (Mr. Woodman's note).
In 1633-4, George Lawson was bailiff of Ulgham.4

Mr. Gregory first pointed out an old house in the village, on the site
of an older which formerly belonged to the Hospitallers, and also an
ancient well, known as Erard's well, which is referred to more than
once in the Newminster Cartulary.5

The remains of the shaft o? the village cross, about four feet long, on
a base of steps, were next examined. The stone is so much worn and
decayed that it is difficult to assign a date for its erection, but it may
probably be of the 14 or 15 century. The illustration on the opposite
page shews it. A large enclosure at the east end of the village, which
judging from the ditch-like depressions has been moated round, was
next pointed out. In it may have stood a house of which no trace now
remains. The use of the spade, however, would doubtless throw light
on the matter. The proceedings at Ulgham concluded with a visit to
the modern church of St. John, which the vicar described.

According to the Clams Ecclesiastica (Eccl. Proc. of Bp. Barnes, 8),
' Howgham was a chapel served by a stipendary priest, as it had no in-
cumbent. In MS. notes, in the editor's possession, of bishop Chandler's

* Household Book of Lord William Howard (68 Surt. Soc. publ.) xv. 396, 409, 414, 287.
6 66 Surt. Soc. publ.

visitation, ' suppos'd in 1736,' it is said that ' Ulgham, C. under Morpeth.
Tho. Murray 30U resident in a hired house~not in ye Parsonage. N.B.
no value acknowledg. Fam. 65, No school. Service twice a day. Cat.
wth Lewis & Be veredg. Sam4 3 times, 50 at Easter.' According to
Randal (State of the Churches, 49) 'Ulghanr chapel dedicated to St. John,'
was ' not certified.'

In the church the vicar read an account of the chapelry which, he
said, contained 3,445 acres ; this constituted the manor, and that
though written Ulgham, the name of the place was pronounced 'Uffam.'
The present church was erected to replace an older structure,
from funds raised by a brief. The frontispiece to Mr. Woodman's
Ulgham and its Story shows this. The carved stone shewn below was
built into the north wall of the chancel of the old church.

Of this fragments are
built here and there
into the walls, in-
cluding a small Nor-
man window head
in the outside of the
west wall. On the
east side of the
north transept the
early window head
shewn in the annexed
illustration, is to be
seen. Th9 only piece
of old plate is a silver
salver bearing the
London hall marks, and the date letter for 1718. There are a1 so a
flagon and other vessels of pewter (See Proc. v. 22). The registers com-
mence in 1600. The first volume, which is of 9 pieces of parchment,
ends in 1623, the writing in it and in the second book has faded so much
as to be almost illegible. This book, also of parchment, begins in
1637 and ends in 1672; on the fly leaf of it is written ' . .list of Ulgham
Churchwardins of the chapelrie of Ulgham, 1644, Robert Mitford and
William Dobson. The order of the 24 in the year 1645 is this that the
2 Churchwardens shall repaire the Churchdoores, Bells and other things
belonging to the Church, and then to deliver up their accompts to these
Churchwardens chosen in the year 1645, Churchwardens Henry Watson
and Robert Pace.' The third register is on paper and begins in 1691.

Extracts from the registers have already been given in these Pro-
ceedings (v. 23). The following are some additional extracts of bap-
tisms : —

1694. Elizabetha filia Gulielmi Bowman Curat' baptizat :
August ....

1695. Radulphus filius Richardi ffenwicke,6 baptizat. Julij 4.

In ' 1748, Frances, daughter of the Revd. Thomas Murray,7 was
baptized Jany. 19th.'

6 There are numerous entries of sons and daughters of Richard and Gerard
Fen wick. Many baptisms and burials of the children of Mr. Edward Wilson, who was
bailiff of Ulgham, are also recorded. Lord William Howard sent Peter Wilson from
Westmorland to take charge of his Northumberland properties. He resided at Ulgham,
as did his descendants until comparatively recent years (Mr. Woodman's notes).

1 'Thomas Murray came to serve the Cure of Ulgham (under Mr. Cuth; Fenwicke
Rector of Morpeth) the Sixteenth Day of December A. Domini 1724.'— Ulgham Register,
On the 10 October 1728 Thomas Murray Curate of Ulgham and Frances Fenwick
of Ulgham Grange married.— Mitford Register.

Anne, the daughter of John Miller, a soldier in Lord Charles
Manner's Regiment, borne at the Cockles, in this Ch'appelery,
was Baptized July ye 24 [1757].

Robert, the son of Robert Ogle, of Hilthorn, In the Parish of
Woodhorne was Baptized March ye 4th [1759].

There are several entries of baptisms apparently of Nonconformists'
children, as the minister adds ' according to the accounts given us.'

Then come marriages : —

In 1696 Henricus Henderson Nauta & Janeta Lawson vidua
nupt. Martij 17th

1715 Robert Coward & Dorathy ffoster was maried June the last
day 1715

1716 Mr. George Lawson & Susanna Miller was Married August
9th with A Licence by Mr. .Cuthbert ff en wick Rector of
Morpeth.

1717 Henry Taylor & Jane Mulcaster was married with a licence
May 10th 1717

1720 William Brown & Catherine Shaftoe was married March

30th p. licenciam
1722 Jacob Robinson & Dorathy Mulcaster was married May

16th, 1722
1748 Mr. Matthew Scaife and Miss Anne Wilson Novr 8th, by

Licence.
Amongst the burials are : in

1693 RaduJphus films Roborti Lawson de Ulgham Sepult Sep-

tembr 7th

1700 Gulielmus Bowman Curate de Vlgham Sepult Septembr 26th
Johannes ffenwick de bothell Sepult' ffebruarij 12th
Janeta uxor Georgii Lawson de Ulgham Sepulta Martij 1 1th
1724 James Mulcaster Curate de Ulgham Sepult Dec 20th
1742 Isabel Mulcaster widow was buried May ye 14th
[1779] Sarah daughter of Rev Mark Blackburn November 23
There seems to have been a succession of parish clerks of the same
name for a long period, as the following records are in the books : —
1733 William James Parish Clerk of Ulgham was buried August

ye 9th

1738 William James junr Clerk of Ulgham Augst ye 12th 1738
1774 Thos James Parish Clerk of Ulgham was Buried May ye 30th
He appears to have been succeeded by John James, as he is entered
as clerk on 1st June 1774.

The following note of a visitation by archdeacon Thomas Sharp is
made in one of the registers : —

" Memdum Sept. 21st, 1723, This day the Chappel of Ulgham was
visited by ye Archdeacon, & upon a view of ye defects ye following
directions were given to ye chappelwardens

Imp' to Provide a Register of Parchment

2 a napkin or small linnen Cloth to cover ye Elements

3 A Table of Marriages

4 The hole in ye Roof for bell chain to be contracted
These to be certified at ye next Easter Visitation

5 Seats to be floored at ye discretion of ye Parish

6 The Porch to be flagged

These to be certified at Easter 1725 to ye Archdeacon himself.

Tho: Sharp."

A pen has been drawn across the last entry and * all this is duly
performed* added.

After heartily thanking Mr. Gregory for his services, and accompanied
by him, the drive was resumed, and

TJLGHAM GRANGE.

This as before mentioned, was granted to Newminster by Ranulph de
Merlay, the founder of the abbey. To Ranulph, son of William de
Merlay, Henry the first granted free chase in the manor of Ulgham.
' The only relict of this once powerful family is ' The Marlish gate,' the
portion of the road from Morpeth to Ulgham where the Howard and
Portland estates meet the road to the Cockles.'3

In the ' Newminster accounts' of 1536-7, the sum of 13Z. 6s. 8d. was
received from Ulgham grange, with the buildings and 30 acres of
arable land, and 116 acres in all of meadows, late belonging to the
abbot and convent.

By his letters patent of 21 Dec. 1546, Henry VIII. granted to Sir
Richard Tyrrell, esquire, for 21 years, amongst other possessions of
Newminster, * all that Grau'ge called Vlwham Grau'ge, togeyther with
all lands, medowes, leyssues [leazes], and pastures to the same
pteynyng with thapprtenancs .... to the seyd late Monasterye be-
longyng & pteynyng ' subject to a reserved rent of 13Z. 6*. Sd. ; and on
17 Dec. 1547, he assigned the same to Sir Thomas Grey for the
remainder of the term, and subject to a lease of Ulgham grange with
the tithes to Thomas Wilson, William Grene, and Thomas Beard, for
20 years, at a yearly rent of 22l.g

At the muster of the Middle Marches on 26 Mar. 1580, at the Moot-law,
five ' able horsemen furneshed ' attended from Owgham Grange. 9a
Ulgham Grange appears to have been in the hands of the Crown till
1601, but Sir Ralph Gray, knight, of Horton and Chillingham, whose
will was proved on 28 Aug. 1624, left it and Nunnykirk to his son
Edward.9b In 1648 Colonel Edward Grey owned and resided in it.
The Fen wick family occupied it for a considerable time until 1849.

The Line was crossed by the ' Middle ford ' and

WIDDBINGTON

soon reached.

Members proceeded at once to the church, which was anciently
dedicated to St. Mary. The principal features were described by the
Rev. J. Walker and the Rev. R. C. MacLeod.

The church consists of a chancel with a chapel on the south side, a nave
of three bays with north and south aisles, a bell turret at the west end
and a south porch. The north arcade, with round columns and square
capitals, is of late twelfth century work, and the south arcade of the early
thirteenth century, the boldly moulded south door being also of this
period. The late fourteenth century east window is of three lights. The
other windows are square headed. The chantrylchapel on the south side of
the chancel opens into the chancel and south aisle by arches. The slender
easternmost column of the south arcade supports four arches including
the arch across the south aisle. The illustration opposite shows this. There

8 Mr. Woodman's MS. note in his own copy of Ulgham and its Story, kindly lent
by Miss Woodman.

9 flewm. Cart. 307, 310, 312. 9* Calendar of Border Papers, I. 21.
9b Durh. Wills and Inv. II. 61 n.

is a piscina under the most easterly window of the south aisle marking,
probably, the site of one of the two Trinity chantries which were
formerly in the church. They are thus referred to in 2 Ed. vi. in
the 'Certificate of all the Chauntryes, &c., within the Countye of
Northumberland:' ' Two Chauntryes of the Trynyte, founded in the
Chappell of Wodrington, apending to the Paryshe Church of Woodhorne.
Edwarde Thompson, of liiij. yeres of age, and Thomas Hedely, of the
age of xxxvj. yeres, Incumbents ther, meanly learned, of honest con-
versacion and qualytes, having no other lyving then the same. The
seyd Chauntry is dystaunte from the parishe churche iiij. myles. And
ther ys no landes nor tenements sold syth, &c. And ther ys of howseling
people within the same paryshe MXX. Yerely vale we of the same
chauntrys with Ixvjs. viijd. geven towards the fynding of the Incum-
bents meat and drynke, yerely, by Sr. John Wydrington, Knyghte,
as he ledgeth, is xZ. iiijs. ; repryses xxs. ; clere, ixl. iiijs. Plate, vj. onz.
Goodes, unpraysed;' and further in ' The Chauntry of the Trynyte in
Wederington. Item, one vest of red sateii, one vest of white fustyan,
one olde cope of red sea, and one olde masse boke ' are recorded.10

There was besides in 1307, an altar of St. Edmund in the church.
The seats in the chantry chapel belonged to Linton, and this altar
was formerly supported out of the mill of that vill, and the ' porch '
was repairable by the owner of Linton. In the north chancel wall
there are two tomb recesses, the arch of the more easterly is high and
pointed, and has above the apex the arms of Widdrington (quarterly
over all a bend), the other recess is much lower, and in it is a small slab
having rudely incised upon it a cross-crosslet. Mr. Longstaffe l
noted the coincidence between these two recesses, and the two brothers
Sir Gerard de Widdrington and his heir Roger, who witness deeds
together in 1361; the latter died in 1372. On the south side of the chancel
there is a piscina on the east side of a window, consisting of a short
shaft apparently of 12th cent, date, with its capital hollowed out for
the bowl. To the east of it is another piscina of later date. A door
head and a window sill in the vestry are formed of medieval grave
covers. There are a silver communion cup, made in Newcastle by
James Kirkup, having on its side the initials J.A. and W.C.; and a
modern saucer shaped salver (Proc. iv. 185).

Neither John Scott, a Scot, the curate of * Witherington Capella,' nor
Thomas Burrell, the parish clerk, attended the Chancellor's visitation of
27 Jan. 1577/8; the latter in consequence of illness. At the general
chapter of 29 July, 1578, the same John Scott, alias Clerke, curate of
Withrington, made no appearance, nor yet did he appear at the
general chapter held in Morpeth chapel on 20 Jan, 1578/9.

According to the Clams Ecclesiastica, compiled by bishop Barnes of
Durham, Wodrington was one of the chapels, wanting an incumbent,
which was served by a stipendiary priest ; it and two others were at
that time annexed to Woodhorn.12

At the visitation of bishop Chandler, already referred to, it was stated
that ' Widdrington Chap, under Woodhorn of Ease, 4 mil. f. Woodh.
N.B. in a ruinous condition, not floored seated or glazed, roof decayed.
The lands of Ld. Widdrington to repair, but ye Presb. Std. for ye gov-
ernm1 neglects .... The chap. Warden never swore tho' elected. Fam.
68, 15 Presb. a meeting house, once a month, 4 papists. Private school.

10 Eccl. Proc. of Bishop Barnes (22 Surt. Soc. publ.) Ixxxv., Ixxxvi., xciii.

1 'Notes on Widdrington and the Widdringtons.'— Arch. Ael. (8vo. Ser.) in. 193.

13 Eccl. Proc. of Bishop Barnes, 35, 76, 94, 8.

Cat. Sam*- 4 times, 30 come.' Mr. Simcoe was vicar of Woodhorn at
the time.

Randal says that ' Vic. Wibbersley, Aug. 1768, gave up to Widdring-
ton chapel,of which Sir George Warren, knight, was patron, all the profits
and emoluments arising within the said chapelry, not reserving right
of • patronage, to the Vicars of Woodhorn,' and that there was at
Widdrington ' a Cell of Benedictine Monks, subordinate to Tynmouth,
at the dissolution granted to John, Earl of Warwick ' ; it then belonged
to the duke of Northumberland.13

On leaving the church, the site of the ancient

CASTLE OF THE WIDDRINGTONS

was pointed out in a field to the east of the church. This building has,
however, almost disappeared, the only remains of it being the mound
on which it stood, and a large deep hollow marking the site of the base-
ment of the 14 cent, tower. Near the site are standing some old trees,
apparently part of an avenue formerly leading to the castle. The
ancient structure is well shewn in the plate iacing this page, repro-
duced from the original drawing by the brothers Buck, made about 1728,
in the possession of the society. This is the building referred to by
Dugdale, who, writing in 1819, informs us that ' though irregular, and
the work of various ages, the castle was a noble structure, especially the
most ancient part of it which was a Gothic tower, finished with
machicolations and four round turrets built on double tiers of corbules.
It was burnt down about forty years ago [about 1779], and the only
remaining part of it is an octagonal embattled tower to which a square
modern edifice has been added.' This ' octagonal embattled tower '
has, since Dugdale' s time, also entirely disappeared, as has already
been stated. The castle was the seat of Gerard de Wodrington in
1272, and it was held by him of the barony of Whalton with ' Dirig '
and ' Bordon ' by the service of one knight's fee.,14

Leland (Itin. vii. 60) says ' Witherington Castle longinge to the Wyther-
ingtons stondethe with in halfe a Myle of the Shore, somewhat as
towchinge againg Coket Isleland. By it runnithe a litle Broke on the
Northe Syde, and there is a litle Village of the same Name. The Broke
renneth into the Se by it selfe.'

Sir William Lisle and his son Humphrey on their way home from an
attack on Newcastle castle when they released some prisoners, took
some horses from Sir William Ellerker's park at Widd -rington. Sir
William Lisle was captured, and hanged, drawn and quartered,1

On 7 Feb. 1584-5 lord John Hamilton addressed a letter from
Widdrington castle to the queen.2

In a letter of 25 July, 1691, to Sir Edward Harley, Robert Harley,
the writer, stated that an express brought tidings last night that the
ships which got out of Dunkirk had landed some men in Northumberland
who plundered and then burned the house of lord Widdrington, a
papist. This refers to Jean Bart, the Frenchman who was off the
Northumberland coast in 1691. His lieutenant, Forbin, landed, and
pillaged and set fire to Widdrington village, and afterwards sacked and
burnt the castle. A farmhouse at Chibburn was also burnt. Damage

13 State of the Churches, 52, 53.

1* 'Testa de Nevill,' quoted in Hodgson's Description of Northumberland, 183.

^ Cat. of Letters <t-' Papers, For. 0-- Dom. Henry V11L iv. 1005.

* Hatfiekf papers (H. MSS. Com. Rep.) ill. 94.

Voc. Soc. Antiqt Newc, i. (3 ser.)

To face page 82.

"A SOUTH-EAST VIEW OF WIDDRINGTON CASTLE, THE MANOB AND PROPERTY OF
SIB GEO. WARREN, NORTHUMBERLAND, 1773."

(From a water-colour drawing).

FRONT VIEW OF WIDDRINGTON CASTLE," BY BUCK.

Photographed by Mr. Parker Brewis from the original drawings in the possession of the Society.

This plate presented by Mr. T« Taylor, F.S.A., of Chipchase Castle.

to the extent of about £6,000 was done, judging from the * briefs '
issued. It is said that the Frenchmen regretted that the castle had
been sacked when they found out that lord Widdrington was a co-re-
ligionist.3

On 8 May, 1725 the second earl of Oxford, then lord Harley, passed
Widdrington castle on his journey through the northern counties.4

The Rev. John Horsley (Materials for the History of Northumberland,
1729-30, p. 25) says that ' This seat has been built at several times, for
which reason it wants true regularity and uniformity, which it might
have had, if the design and building had been at one. But yet it has
an agreeable situation, and somewhat that looks grand and magnificent.
It was inhabited by the late lord Widdrington, and since his forfeiture
the estate was purchased by the York Buildings Company, in whose
possession it is now. The ancient name of this family was Woodrington
(query with a gr).' He then states that a stone bearing the date 1559 was
lying about in the court, and that another stone was built 'in the wall of
the west part of the house, above a small door.' He then continues :
' In the Saxon it was Widrington. Some have conjectured it to have
been Woodhorntown, but this I think is improbable.'

Sir Walter Scott in Marmion says that St. Hild and her nuns, sailing
along the coast

' pass the tower of Widdrington,

Mother of many a valiant son.'

It had been owned by the Warrens, and by lord Vernon of whom
and of his wife, who died in 1836 and 1837, there are memorial tablets
in the church. After several changes of ownership, the estate is now
the property of Mr. T. Taylor, one of the vice-presidents of the society.

The Widdringtons of Widdrington castle, were, in ancient times, in
high repute. Their arms were quarterly argent and gules, over all a bend
sable, and their motto * Joie sans fin.' A ring bearing this motto was
found many years ago, near Washington, co. Durham, which Mr. Long-
staffe saw.6

In 1281 John de Widerington and Roger, his brother, were witnesses
to a grant. In 1327,6 (1 Ed. I.) Widdrington was held by Gerard de
Woderyngton, who died in 1362. In that year Sir Roger de Widdring-
ton, described as son of John, lord of Widdrington, held Widdrington ;
on 20 May, 1372, he was sheriff of the county, and in 1369-1371, warden
of the marches. He died in 1372, and on 24 Sep. an inquisition
was taken, as he had died seised of lands in Northumberland.7 He is
recorded as a benefactor to Newminster abbey. His son and heir, Sir
John, was sheriff in 1398, 1410, 1426, and 1430. On his death in
1444, it was found on an inquisition that he held the manor of Widdring-
ton, the hamlet of Druridge and many other places in the county.
Sir Roger, who succeeded, was sheriff three times in the reign of Henry
VI. [1422-1461]. Gerard, who followed, was sheriff in 1465; Sir John
comes next, he was also sheriff for three years, during the reign of
Edward IV. [1461-83]. In 1502, Ralph, lord of Widdrington, died,
and is recorded amongst the benefactors of Newminster.8 Another Sir

3 Tomlinson, ' A French Descent on the Northumberland Coast.'— Arch. Ael. xxn.
16 There is a view of the castle, from Bucks' copperplate in the possession of the
society, illustrating this paper.

4 Portland papers (H. MSS. Comm. Rep.) vi. 107.

5 Notes and Queries 6 Ser. xu. 35. Also Arch. Ael. ill. 39u, where Mr. Longstaffe
gives an illustration of the inscription on the ring.

6 H. MSS. Comm. App. to 6 Rep., 329 b.
7 Welford, Newc. <Sc Gateshead, i. 310. 8 Newm. Cart. 385.

John was sheriff in 1540, 1552, and 1559. On 24 May, 1549 he and his
deputy had charge of the beacon on Widdrington tower head. In a
letter of Thomas Randolph, to the earl of Rutland, of 10 June, 1563,
dated from Edinburgh, he says ' The desire of the borderers is to break
all good order, but I hope to see some of them break their necks in
' wythies ' for lack of halters. Mr. Wytherington has been here about
his goods that were taken away, and his request was thought reason-
able.'9 Henry the eighth [1509-1547] gave Thomas Gower the office of
marshal of Berwick, in joint patent with Sir John Woodrington, but
the queen (Elizabeth) otherwise disposed of it, he therefore, on 3 Jan.
1577-8 petitioned her on the subject, and obtained a lease in reversion
on relinquishing his claim.10

By her will of 23 Mar. 1582/3 in which she is described as * Dayme
Agnes, laclie Woddrington, late wyffe to Sir John Woddrington, late of
Woddrington,' she directed her body to be buried in St. Nicholas's
church, Newcastle, and after several bequests to her family and others,
appointed her son, Robert Woddrington, sole executor.11

By his will of 28th April, 1593, Hector Wooddrington, 'one of the
constables of horsmen, of her majisties towne of Barwicke-on-Twede,'
who was an illegitimate son of Sir John Widdrington, warden of the
Middle Marches, by Alice, his maidservant, left in addition to 101,
all his corn at Chibburn, to his servants, Matthew Humphraye and
Thomas Raye, and appointed Elizabeth, lady Woodrington, sole execu-
trix ef his will. He not only obtained the appointment at Berwick by
the influence of Sir John Widdrington, but the farm at Chibburn from
him.12

' Sir Henrye Woddrington, of Woddrington, Knight, Marshall and
deputy-governor of her majesties town of Barwick-upon-Twede,'1 head
of the great family of Widdrington and sheriff of Northumberland in
1579, by his will of 15 Feb. 1592/3, directed ' his bodye to be buried in
the church at Woddrington, amongst my ancestors.' Amongst many
bequests he gave 20 nobles a year out of his lands and rents at ' Haugh-
ton and Homeshaughe,' to his brother Raphe Woddrington, who was
afterwards Sir Ralph Woddrington, knight. He directed that the ' three
peaces of great ordnance, nowe remaynynge in my houwse at Barwick,
be caryed to Woddrington, and there to remayne.' He appointed his
wife, lady Elizabeth Widdrington, executrix. There is a long inventory
of his household goods, &c., at Widdrington, their value being set down
as 1013Z. 2s. 9d., a very considerable sum in those days.2

In a letter of Toby Matthew, bishop of Durham, to lord Burghley,
of 30 Jan. 1595[-6] he speaks of * Mr. Robert Witherington, now named
sheriff of Northumberland.' The Rev. W. Morton, vicar of Newcastle,
writes to secretary Winwood from Newcastle, on 7 May 1616,
that * Rodger Witherington hath the brains of the Northumber-
land serpent in his hed,' and ' a professed enemy to true religion.' In
a letter of the same date to archbishop Abbott, he informs him that
' Roger Withrington had poisoned with Poperie all Hexamshire, and
since hee hath in a manner all Northumberland.' In another letter to
secretary Winwood, it is said that Sir Henry Widdrington (who was

9 Belvoir papers, i. 88. 10 Hatfleld papers, n. 171.

11 Durh. Wills & Inv. n. 99. 12 Ibid. 232 & n.

i By his will of 2 Sep. 1587, ' Thomas Forster, the yonger, of Ederstone,' after
making his wife Isabel, and his son Matthew, ' full executors,' gave Beadnell tower to
his son, when of lawful age, in the meantime the profit for his wife. Amongst other
bequests is 51. to Mr. William Wodrington, of Wodrington, brother to Mr. governor of
Barwick.— Dur h. Wills & Inv. n. 302.

2 Durh. Wills <fc Inv. n. 225 & n.

father of the first lord Widdring.tQ.n-) is. 'the only man of action in the
shire, and therefore most followed.' Roger Witherington was brother
to Sir Henry.3

Elizabeth, widow of Sir John Widdrington, married Sir Robert
Carey,4 warden of the Middle Marches. They resided at Widdrington.
On her death the estate came to her son Sir Hugh [? Hy.] Wodd-
rington, the deputy warden, who was sheriff in 21 Eliz. [1579] and 3
Jas. I. [1605-6] and M.P. for the county, temp. James I. He was
succeeded by Sir William, eldest son of Sir Henry, of Swinburne, who
was sheriff, 12 Chas. I. [1636-7], and M.P. 1639-1642. He was expelled
from the House of Commons on 26 Aug., 1642, for refusing to attend,
and for raising forces for the king. He was created baron Widdrington,
of Blankney, Lincolnsh., on 10 Nov. 1643. After Marston Moor6 he
took refuge beyond the seas, and his estates were confiscated by the
Parliament ; he lost his life near Wigan, in the king's service. His son
William, second lord Widdrington, was one of the Council of State at
the Restoration. He was in the ' Proceeding to the funerall of George,
late duke of Albemarle, from Somersett House to Westminster Abbey.'6
He was succeeded by his son William, third lord Widdrington.

On 2 June, 1646, a draft ordinance was before the Lords to clear
Henry Widdrington of his delinquency.7

Sir Francis Howard of Corby, son of lord William Howard, ( ' Belted
Will ') who died in 1660, married Mary, daughter of Sir Henry Widdring-
ton of Widdrington castle.8

On 22 Feb., 1661-2, a draft of an Act was submitted and read a first
time in the Commons, but afterwards dropped, to enable William,
[second] lord Widdrington to sell some lands for paying his brother
and sisters' portions, and providing for his younger children. Attached
to the draft is a petition of lady Majj,v Widdrington, late wife of
William [first] lord Widdrington, objecting to the sale by the ' now lord
Widdrington ' on the pretence of raising portions, &c., and that if such
Act pass, petitioner's younger children would be left destitute.9 On
12 Dec., 1662, the lord lieutenant of the county directed William
[second] lord Widdrington, to send in the yearly value of his estates in
Northumberland, that he might certifv the same to the commis-
sioners appointed to assess the peers.10 On 29 July, 1670, a grant
was made of two thirds of a moiety of all debts in the hands of any
receiver of his majesty or late queen's revenues ' for March, 1640, to
our Lady, 1659,' not already granted, and provided they did not exceed

3 Lord William Howard's Household Book, 428, 430, 432, 434 n, 435.
* On 24 March 1603, when queen Elizabeth died, Sir Robert Carey of Widdrington,
warden of the Middle Marches, who was then at Richmond, stole out of the palace and
rode post haste from London, calling at his own house on the way north on the second
night, where he rested. The next day he again set off, and when between Widdriugton
and Norham his horse fell, and the bruises ne received hindered his journey. When he
left Widdrington he arranged that James should be proclaimed at Morpeth, Alnwick,
and Berwick. On the 5 April, James the first, on his way to England, was escorted to
Widdrington and nobly entertained by Sir Robery Carey, and on the 9th he left Wid-
drington castle for Newcastle.— Welford, Newc. & Gateshead, ill. 157.

6 On 11 July 1644, after Marston Moor, in letters from Sir R. Burgoyne to Sir B.
Verney, it is said 'that prince Robert [tic, for Rupert] and lord Newcastle and lord
Witherington and colonel King had fallen put'; and on the 18th of the same month
'that Newcastle, Witherington, and col. King have gone God knows where.'— Verney
papers (H.MSS. Comm. App. to 7 Rep.) i48a.

6 Lord William Howard's Household Book, ii85n. Portland Papers, I. 14.
7 House of Lords Calendar (H. M? S. Comm. App. to 6 Rep.) 119 b.

8 Notes and Queries, 7 Ser. in. 38.

9 House of Lords Calendar (H. MSS. Comm. App. to 7 Rep.), 160 b.
10 H. MSS. Comm. App. to 3 Rep., 91.

10,OOOZ.n On 3 March, 1674 (-5) the same lord Widdrington addressed
a letter from Bothal to the duke of Newcastle, concerning the timber
lying at ' Sheaprock ' [Sheepwash] and Bothal Banks.12 In a letter of
13 Dec. 1688, of Sir Christopher Musgrave, to Sir Daniel Fleming, he
states that the town of Newcastle had refused the assistance offered by
lord Widdrington from Berwick, and that having refused him, lord
Lumley need not fear they would accept Papists assistance.13

The last [third] lord Widdrington took part in the Rising of 1715.
In a letter of 14 Oct. 1715, dated from Carlisle by brigadier-general
Stanwix, to the marquis of Annandale, he says he is sorry to find the
rebels are troublesome. He believes most of them have left Northumber-
land. . . ' I had a certain accompt this day that they are not above
400 in Northumberland which goe by the name of Darwentwater or
Witheringtons men. They had a designe upon Newcastle, but are
dissapointed.'14 In a letter of 29 Oct. 1715, lord Lonsdale informs
lord Carlisle that the rebels came to Duns, near Berwick, where they
were joined by lords Widdrington and Darwen water and Mr. Foster,
out of Northumberland.15

On the north-east side of the church of Mitton, in Lancashire, are
some monuments of the Sherburnes of Stonyhurst. Amongst them
is a mural tablet to the memory of ' the Honourable Peregrin Widdring-
ton, who was with his brother in the Preston affair where he lost his
fortune with his health by a long confinement in prison.' The ' Preston
Affair' has reference to the surrender at Preston on 13 Nov. 1715, to
General Carpenter, of 1700 insurgents, upon condition that they should
not be immediately put to the sword. Amongst them were lord Der-
wentwater, and lord Widdrington with his brothers Charles and
Peregrine. In their case capital punishment was remitted, though the
blood and title fell under the attainder. Thus the Northumberland
estates were forfeited to the Crown and sold.16 In a list of English
carried prisoners by major Bland in 1715, the names of the earl of
Daringwater [Der went water] and lord Widdrington occur.17 In a letter
of James Wilson to L. M., of 29 Aug. 1717, from Paris, it is said that
lord Widderington was to have annually a pension of 400£.18 This, the
last lord Widdrington, died abroad in poverty in 1743, and his only
surviving son died issueless in 1774, consequently the ancient family
became extinct in the direct male line.19

The party then went by a field path to

CHIBBTJRN PRECEPTORY,

the remains of the early 14th cent, chapel and quaint house of Tudor
times attached to it were examined with much interest.20 In the
south wall of the chapel the piscina remains, but it is so covered
by a pigstye that it wai seen with some difficulty. It seems a pity
that a more suitable place could not be found for such a structure.

n MSS. of J. Eliot Hodgkin (H. MSS. Comm. 15 Rep. ii.), 13.

12 Portland papers n. 150

13 MSS. of Sir H. le Fleming (H. MSS. Comm. 12 Rep.), 228.

K MSS. of J. J. Hope Johnston, Esq., of Annandale (H. MSS. Comm. Rep.), 126.

15 Earl of Carlisle's papers (H. MSS. Comm. Rep.), 17.

l« Notet and Queries, 7 Ser. II. 426.

17 Hist. MSS. Comm. Appendix to 8 Rep., 50 a.

1« MSS. of J. Eliot Hodgkin, F.S.A., 230.

19 Notes and Queries, 7 Ser. 426.

20 Mr. F. R. Wilson was of opinion that the present house was built in 1553, the year
of the grant of the manor to Sir John Widdrington.— A reh. Ael. v. 118. For plan, eleva-
tion, <&c., see same vol., also vol. xn.

Proc. Soc. Antiq. Neivc. i. (3 ser.)

To face page 86.

THE HOUSE FBOM THE N.W.

(From a photograph by the Rev. R. C. MacLeod, vicar of Mitford.)

BEMAINS OF THE CHAPEL AND HOUSE FROM N.E.

CHIBBURN.

This Plate presented by Mr, T. Taylor, F.S.A., of Chipchase Castle.

The west end of the chapel was divided into two floors, of which there
are structural remains. Over the door are two shields very much
worn, c ne of them bears a sort of double cross, the other probably
the arms of Widdrington. About 1275, Robert Grosthette, who is
described as formerly master of the hospital of St. John of Chibburn,
confirmed a quit claim of rights at Holy Island to the monks there,
brother John de Crauine, then preceptor, and brothers Alan and
Robert, clerks, witnessing the grant. This deed, bearing the seal of
the preceptory, is in the Durham Treasury. At the time of the
report of prior Philip de Thame in 1338, the manor house was ruinous,
and there was hardly any income owing to the war with Scotland, the
property being situated on the march of Scotland. At this time there
were a preceptor, two brethren, and servants to provide for, besides
William de Wyrkelee a pensioner of the house by grant of the chapter.
The balance in the treasury was only 9m. 65. 8d. and no more, because
the land had been laid waste many times during the war with Scotland.
The brethren were brother John de Bilton, preceptor, and brothers
John Dacombe, chaplain, and Simon Dengayne.21 The house
stands greatly in need of repair, especially the roof, as the covering is
so defective in places that there are large holes. The building has been
fully dealt with by Mr. W. Woodman in the Arch. Journal, xvn. 35 ;
by Mr, F. R. Wilson in Arch, Ad. v. 113; and by Mr. J. Crawford
Hodgson, F.S.A., in Arch. Ael., xvn., 263, to which members are
referred. See also the Durh. & Northd. Arch. Society's Transactions
iv. xxx. ; Proc. iv., 150, for record of brief for damage done by the
French ; and ante, p. 30, for notice and illustration of the rude and
curious carved oak corbel or truss which was exhibited at the March
meeting, and which was in the chapel when Mr. Woodman wrote. A
sermon preached in the Chapel Royal, Savoy, on St. John's day, 1884,
by the Rev. Thomas W. Wood, chaplain of tho Order of St. John of
Jerusalem (English Language), may be consulted with profit, an it gives
some interesting information concerning the Hospitallers.22

Members then returned to Widdrington, where they partook of tea
at the village inn.

The return journey was made through Ulgham and Longhirst to
Morpeth, which was duly reached in ample time for the train leaving
Morpeth station at 5-45 p.m., and thus ended a very pleasant outing.
With the exception of a shower of rain when leaving Ulgham the day
was fine throughout.

Among those present were Hon. and Rev. W. Ellis, rector of Bothal ;
the Rev. J. Walker, hon. canon of Newcastle, and rector of Whalton ;
Rev. R. C. MacLeod, vicar of Mitford ; Mr. George Irving of West
Fell, Corbridge ; Mr. and Mrs. Nesbitt of Newcastle ; Mr. and Mrs. C.
W. Henzell of Tynemouth ; Mr. and Mrs. J. S. Robson of Newcastle ;
and Mr. R. Blair (one of the secretaries) of Harton.

21 ' The Hospitallers in England '— Bajulia de Chibourn, (65 Camden Soc. publ.) 52.
22 The sermon was published by Charles Cull and Son, Houghton Street, Strand, at 6d,

I I

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES

OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE.

VOL. I. (3 Ser.) 1903. No. 11.

The usual monthly meeting of the Society was held in the library of
the Castle, Newcastle, on Wednesday, the 30th day of September, 1903,
at seven o'clock in the evening, Mr. J. V. Gregory, one of the vice-
presidents, being in the chair.

Several accounts recommended by the council for payment wore
ordered to be paid.

The following ordinary members were proposed and declared duly
elected : —

i. H. H. E. Craster of Beadnell Hall, Northumberland,
ii. George Humble, Elswick Grange, Newcastle-upon-Tyne.
The following NEW BOOKS, etc., were placed on the table : —
Presents, for which thanks were voted :

From the Lit. and Phil. Soc., Newcastle : — Catalogue of the Library,

large 8vo., red buckram, 1903.

From the Rev. W. K. Burnett, vicar of Kelloe : — ' An Address on
Leper Hospitals, preached at the Re-opening of the Church
of St. Helen, Kelloe, Durham, on Thursday, the 23rd July,
1903, by G. W. Kitchin, D.D., F.S.A., Dean of Durham,' sm.
8vo., pp. 16.

From Mr. C. D. Newby of the Bailey, Durham : — A MSS. book
stitched in parchment covers, being a record of suits in the
Durham Court of Pleas for the years 1664 and 1665, known as
' The Remembrance Book.' It was given to the donor by a
former prothonotary of the court in whose possession it was when
the court became extinct in the early seventies of the 19 cent.
From Mr. William Lyall, surveyor, Darlington (per Mr. E. Wooler) : —
A plan of the entrenchments at Stanwick, Yorkshire, ' to
preserve among the archives ' of the society. It has been
mounted on linen by Mr. George Irving.

Purchases : — The Northern Genealogist, vi. ii. ; The Parish Registers
of Tynemouth, pt. ii., baptisms, 1662-1682, 8vo. ; The Registers
of Moulton, Northants, and of Coleby, Lincolnshire (Par.
Reg. Soc.), 8vo. ; The Antiquary for Sep., 1903 ; Notes and
Queries, Nos. 296-300; Der Oermanisch-Raetische Limes des Roemer-
reiches, xix. (' Kastell Heddesdorf, Kastell Echzell, & Kastel

Secmauern ' ) ; Christison's Early Fortifications of Scotland; and
the rev. E. A. Downam's plans of Ancient British camps [original
drawings of Lansdown, Littledown, Stokeleigh, Montacute,
Salisbury, and English Combe, Somersetshire ; Abdonburg,
Shropshire ; Beeli Clas, Radnorshire ; and Brandon and Risbury,
Herefordshire. ]

EXHIBITED : —

By Mr. E. Wooler : — A photograph and a rubbing of the Roman
tombstone erected to the memory of her husband byAurelia [Fad]-
illa ; found at Cliffe, and recorded by both Bruce (Lapid. Sept.
p. 377) and Hiibner (C.I.L. p. 91), now at Cliffe hall on the south
bank of the Tees near Piercebridge. [At the same place built
into the gable of a coach house is the upper half of the Royal
Arms (1 France, modern, and 2 England)]. Mr. Wooler also
reported that he had just got a Roman imperial coin of Augustus
struck at Alexandria, found by an angler on the Roman road
(now disused) called ' Cat gill lane ' about two miles north east
of Darlington.

By the Rev. W. T. Thorp of Charlton hall (per Mr. J. Crawford
Hodgson, F.S.A.) : — A peg tankard1 circa 1670. Plain, straight
sided, with flat cover slightly domed, having for thumb piece
two balls or berries similar to feet, on three ball (or strawberry?)
feet ornamented with foliage. It has in the interior, attached
to the side next the handle, a series of five pins or pegs. Four
marks on bottom, (i) ID with star below in shield, for John Dowth-
wayte, a Newcastle silversmith,9 (ii & iii) a lion to the right
twice, and (iv) a single castle probably. Marks repeated on
cover but much abraded. Dimensions : height, 7 inches : dia-
meter at mouth, 5 inches ; at base, 5 inches ; girth, 15£ inches ;
weight, 23oz. 10 dwts. Arms of Thorp on front.

By Mr. Pierson Cathrick, of Pieroebridge : — An incised brass in his
possession, probably turned out of Stanwick church, Yorkshire.
It is to the memory of Elizabeth Catherick, and is said to have
been found in the hall at Hutton Magna, and was presented
to Mr. Cathrick. The brass is 26in. long by 9|in. wide, and
an illustration of it on a reduced scale, reproduced from a
very fine rubbing by Mr. John Gibson, the castle warder,
is given on page 88. There is a pedigree of the family in Forster's
Yorkshire Visitations of 1584 and 1612. The following is a
translation of the inscription, pasted on the back, by Dr. Randal
of Sunderland: 'A.D. 1591 July 17 on Saint Pantaleon's day,
in the 33d year of the reign of Queen Elizabeth, died Elizabeth
Catherick, widow of Anthony Catherick, of Stanweys, Esquire,
with whom she lived in matrimony 58 years, and she bore to him
five sons and six daughters, but his brother's son6 succeeded him,
although one son4 and three daughters8 survived, which daughters
are now living married. Moreover the above mentioned Eliza-

1 Come old fellow, drink down to your peg !
But do not drink any farther I beg !

Longfellow, Golden Legend.

2 John Dowthwaite took up his freedom in 1666, and died in 1673.
s The nephew who succeeded bore the same name as his uncle— Anthony Catherick.
He was the son of George Catherick of Carleton, near Stanwick ; he was born in 1654,
and living in 1712.

* Thomas, decribed as ' fatuus,' an idiot.

5 Margery married Roger Meynell of North Kilvington ; Gra married Robert
Lambert of Owton, or Oweton, near Seaton Carew ; and Dorothy married a Scrope.

Proc. Soc. Antiq. Newc.

To face page 90.

INSCRIBED STONE IN BISHOPWEARMOUTH TITHE-BARN. ( See pages 98 & 99.)

SEVENTEENTH CENTURY PEG TANKARD.
In possession of the Rev. T. Thorp ( See opposite page.)

( From a photograph by Mr. Parker Brevis.)

both greatly enriched the family of her husband, both in wealth
and in honour. She was the eldest daughter and one of the
coheiresses6 of Roland Tempest, of Homsett [Holmeside] in the
County of Durham ; on her mother's side she was a Radcliffe of
the worthy Dilston family. The above-mentioned Roland was
both an esquire in his own right and lawfully held certain lands
of the noble and illustrious Unfreville7 formerly earl of Anguishe
in Scotland, and baron of Prode [Prudhoe] and Riddesdale.'

Thanks were voted for these exhibits.

CIST BURIAL ON KILHAM HILL, NORTHUMBERLAND.

Mr. R. Blair (one of the secretaries) read the following note by the
earl of Tankerville on the opening by himself of a burial mound on his
land on the top of Kilham hill in Northumberland, i;nd the discovery of
the cist in the centre :

" I am afraid I have
not much of interest to
tell you in regard to
our digging on Kilham
hill. I suggested to
Mr. Piddocke that we
should search there.
We began without spe-
cial plan, starting in
from the west. After
digging nearly to the
centre I suggested that
a large stone on the
south side might once]
have marked the meri-
dian, and that one end!
or the other of thisj
stone probably marked
the spot on which it
had once stood. With
this idea in mind, we
dug towards the cen-
tre, and in the centre
we found a large block
of whin-stone. Up to
this point we had found
innumerable pieces of
bone and a few pieces of charcoal all the way. Besides this there was a
channel (natural or roughly worked) in the bed rock, which looked as if
it had once run with blood. The very dark-coloured earth was greasy
to the touch, and became light-coloured very soon after being exposed
to the light. After clearing the ground round this large block of
whin-stone, I tried with the pick and found it covered a hollow space of
some kind. After some difficulty we raised the stone, and found a cist
about the size of the blade of my spade, and about a foot deep. The
stones which formed it rested on the bed rock. They were not hewn

6 Coheiresses, three sisters : Elizabeth, Grace and Ann.

7 There are tombs of the Umfreville family in Langham church, Essex. — Barrett's
Eastx, 2 Ser. 105.

or broken in any way. The cist was full of bones. Whether they
had been burned or not I could not tell, but I am inclined to think they
must have been. At any rate they were in fragments, bits of the skull
and leg bones being jumbled up together. We searched through this
very carefully with our hands and with a knife. There were no arrow
heads or weapons of any kind, and there was no urn. The stone
capping of the cist, however, made a perfect box. It seemed to me
as if these remains must have been at a lower level than that on which
the other bodies were undoubtedly burned. These were, I think,
cremated above the big whin-stone, and to the south of it, between it
and what I call the meridian stone. There were no bones north of the
cist, nor any of the dark soil either. We dug away a considerable
portion of stones and earth west of the N. and S. ditch in my sketch, but
the bone fragments ceased W. of that line. At the place where this
meridian stone lay there is a natural or roughly scooped trough at right
angles to the channel running from the cist. Would this have been
used, for libations ? I think that is about all there is to say in regard
to a rather disappointing search."

The earl of Tankerville was thanked for his communication.

JESMOND.

Mr. F. W. Dendy read portions of his exhaustive account of Jesmond,
which will form the first volume of the next series (3rd) of Archaeologia
Aeliana.

It was the most important paper that had been read before the
society for many years..

The thanks of members were voted to Mr. Dendy by acclamation.

ROMAN INSCRIPTIONS FROM THE TYNE AT NEWCASTLE.

Mr. Blair read notes by Commandant R. Mowat of Paris, on the
twin altars to Neptune and Oceanus, discovered in the bed of the river
at Newcastle. He also exhibited a number of casts of Roman coins8 of
Hadrian, from the National Collection at Paris, shewing anchor and
river god reverses, kindly sent by M. Mowat to illustrate his remarks.
The paper will appear in Arch. Aeliana, xxv., together with Mr. Heslop's
paper on the Oceanus altar, read at the May meeting (p. 50), and his
paper on the inscribed slab at the August meeting already printed in
the Proceedings (p. 72).

He then read notes by Mr. Haverfield on the inscribed slab from the
same place, temp. Antoninus Pius, naming three legions and a new
governor — Julius Verus. This will also be printed in the same volume
of Arch. Ael.

Mr. Blair next drew the attention of members to the slab thus de-
scribed by Mr. Haverfield, on the ledge of one of the bookcases, which
had so many points of epigraphical interest, and reported that his col-
league and himself had asked the Tyne Commissioners to present the
stone to the society, and to this request they had generously acceded.

Thanks were voted by acclamation to Commandant Mowat, and to
Mr. Haverfield for their papers, and especially to the River Tyne
Commissioners and their engineer for the gift of the slab.

8 See reproductions of them on the plate facing p. 72, from a photograph by Mr. Brewis.

Proc. Soe. Antiq. Newc. 3 Ser. Vol. I.

To face page

INSCRIPTION FROM DARLINGTON.
< See page 108.)

•CISTERN HEAD FROM OLD HOUSE IN PILGRIM STREET, NEWCASTLE.
( See page 94.)

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES

OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE.
VOL. I. (3 Ser.) 1903. No. 12.

The ordinary monthly meeting of the society was held in the library
of the Castle, Newcastle, on Wednesday, the 28th day of October, 1903,
at seven o'clock in the evening, Mr. J. V. Gregory, one of the vice-
presidents, being in the chair.

Several accounts, recommended by the council for payment, were
ordered to be paid.

The following ordinary members were proposed and declared duly
elected : —

i. R. J. Aynsley, Rectory Terrace, Gosforth, Newcastle.
ii. Arthur Gregory, 2 Brandling Terrace, Newcastle.

The following NEW BOOKS, &c., were placed on the table : —

Presents, for which thanks were voted : —

From Messrs. J. MacLehose & Son, the publishers : — The Scottish
Historical Review, i, i., 8vo. [contains the very interesting English
letter of Gospatric, of which the original was recently discovered
at Lowther castle.]

From Dr. G. A. Hulsebos of Utrecht, hon. member : — ' Verslag
aangaande het Museum van Oudheden van het Provinciaal
Utrechtsch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen over
1902/3'. Overprint, 8vo. pp. 5.

Exchanges : —

From the Sussex Archaeological Society: — Sussex Archl. Coll., XLVI.,

8vo. cloth.

From the Huguenot Society of London: — (i) Proc., vn. i. ; and (ii)
Byelaws and List of Fellows, 1903 ; both 8vo.

Pin-chases : — Calendar of State Papers, Ireland, Adventurers, 1642-1659 ;
The Antiquary and The Reliquary, for Oct. 1903 ; Notes and
Queries, nos. 301-4 ; Jahrbuch of the Imp. Germ. Arch. Inst.
xviii., iii., large 8vo. ; New English Dictionary, Leisureness-Llyyn
(vol. vi.), edited by H. Bradley ; and The Scottish Historical
Review, i. i., 8vo.

DONATIONS TO THE MUSEUM.

The following were announced, and thanks voted to the donors : —
From the Corporation of Newcastle (per Mr. J. F. Edge, the city en-
gineer): Two large leaden cistern heads and an old roasting jack from
an old house on the Quay, recently demolished by the Corporation.
The cistern heads have a sort of acanthus leaf pattern on them
similar to those shewn on the accompanying plate (p. 93), on
one is the letter A and the year 1777 in ornamental letters, and
on the other a lion rampant and the same date.

EXHIBITED —

By Mr. Blair (one of the secretaries) : — Two old photographs taken
about 1875, of portions of the Roman camp at South Shields, one
representing the inside of a portion of the east rampart ; the other
shewing a large portion of the ' forum' covered by a fallen but
unbroken wall of a building which was to the north of it, and of
which the lower courses were standing ; between the fallen wall
and the pavement earth had accumulated, proving that the camp
had been deserted for a long time. (See opposite plate.)
By A. Reid & Co., Ltd., photographs of two leaden cistern heads very
like those already described, but on each of them the letters M M
and the date 1790. They were removed from the house 10 Pilgrim
Street, recently pulled down by Messrs. Reid, and sent to the
melting pot. (See plate facing p. 93.)

Mr. Blair (one of the secretaries) reported that he had been shewn five
Roman coins found at the Trow Rocks, near South Shields, washed up
by the sea. The man who has the coins informed him that they were
in the rubbish taken out of the river at Newcastle bridge by the divers,
which was being tipped at the place named.* The coins are : —
Trajan —

AB. obv. IMP CAES NEBVA TBAiAN AVG GERM ; laureated head to

right.

rev. P M TB P cos mi p p ; nude figure on pedestal (Her-
cules ?) with club in right hand.
1 AE. obv. Head of Trajan to right ; inscription illegible.

rev. Female figure standing ; much worn ; inscription illegi-
ble.
Antoninus Pius —

1 AE. obv. ANTONINVS AVG Pivs p p TB p cos mi ; laureated head

to right.
rev. Female figure standing to left, rudder in left hand, dish

in right, held over an altar on the ground, in field s c.
M. Aureliua —

1 AE. obv ANTONIN head to right.

rev. Victory marching to left, wreath in outstretched right

hand.
Victorinus —

3 AE. obv. Radiated head to right.

rev. LAETITIA AVG ; figure standing.

* Mr. Walker, the river engineer, in reply to a query, writes ' Some of the rubbish
from the bed of the river at Newcastle has been tipped at the Trow Hocks, but it is, I
think, open to grave doubt at to whether the coins were found there.' I do not doubt
it, as nothing is more likely. Hnce the meeting a beautiful second brass coin of the
emperor Hadrian has been shown to me from the same place. It is of what is generally
known as ' Corinthian brass, and is as bright and fresh almost as the day it came from
the mint. The emperor's head radiated is on one side, and on the other Fortune with
rudder, seated to left, the inscription cos in being around, and FORT RED in the ex-
ergue. It was a custom of the Romans to throw money and other objects into springs
and rivers, to propitiate the deities of the streams. See Arch. Ael. vm. 4, et seq.—Ed.

Proc. Soc. Antiq. Newc. 3 ser. i.

To face page 94.

THE ' FALLEN WALL ' IN THE ' FORUM

PORTION OF THK INSIDE OF THE EAST BAMPABT

ROMAN CAMP, SOUTH SHIELDS, 1876.
(see opposite page.)

COUPLAND CASTLE.

Mr. Blair read an account of this castle by the Rev. M. Galley, the
owner.

Thanks were voted to Mr. Culley by acclamation.

The paper will be printed in extenso in the Archaeologia Aeliana, xxv .

DISCOVERY OF ROMAN STONE COFFINS ETC. IN NEWCASTLE.

Mr. Blair next read some notes, by Mr. F. W. Rich, on the two stone
coffins of the Roman period recently discovered in Clavering Place,
Newcastle, while excavations were being made for the extension of
Messrs. Robinson & Go's premises. In one of the coffins, which is 3
feet long, some human bones were discovered, and also a small urn of
Caistor ware having round its widest part the wave pattern embracing
pellets, all in white slip.

The note will be printed in the Archaeologia Aeliana (vol. xxv.) with
reproductions of photographs by Thompson & Lee of one of the coffins
and of the urn, and also of a plan of the site, all kindly supplied by Mr.
Rich.

Mr. R. O. Heslop proposed a vote of thanks to Mr. Rich for the
important paper to which they had just listened, and for the photo-
graphs and plan of the site accompanying it. With this he moved that
cordial thanks be accorded to Messrs. Robinson & Co., Ltd., for their
presentation of these most interesting objects to the society. It was
the first occasion on which a Roman sarcophagus had been acquired for
the Blackgate museum. Two of these had now been discovered to-
gether, and their acquisition added an extremely interesting feature to
their collection of Roman remains. Another point of interest in
connexion with this discovery had been pointed out by his colleague
Mr. Blair, namely, the Roman practice of having their burial places by
the sides of their great roads. These interments may thus indicate the
direction by which the main road led from the head of the Roman bridge
to the stationary camp of Pons Aelii. The remains were found by the
side of the old Toot hill (giving its name to Tuthill stairs) and a road of
comparatively easy gradient may have led from the bridge-end obliquely
along the face of the declivity, gaining access to the plateau above by
the little gorge to the north of the Toot hill. At this point the excava-
tions made by Mr. Rich had disclosed the course of a stream, carried in a
lofty culvert, and at the south-west angle of Messrs. Robinson's works
what appeared to have been a small dene had been filled in with tipped
material. The defile in the face of this almost precipitous hill is just
such as would have been taken advantage of by the road engineer ;
and he hoped Mr. Blair's suggestion of the connexion between the
highway and the Roman practice of burial might yet afford some clue,
not only to the position of the roadway but also to the situation and
extent of the station itself. The sarcophagus containing the vase,
when first opened, was full of water and its contents were stirred to-
gether and in a great part destroyed in the haste of the finder to discover
treasure. The lid had been secured by four iron dowels, run in with
lead, one at each corner, and the costly nature of the interment indicated
that the child, whose remains were enclosed, had belonged to some
person of quality. An examination of the vase, buried with the deceased,
showed that its edge had been broken, and that the jagged fracture had
been smoothed by grinding down its upper edge. The prettiness of the
vase itself, the care taken to render it smooth in the hand, and its
deposit with the body were indications that this vase had been the

favourite plaything of the little one. Its parents had thus committed
their child to earth, in death as in life, clasping its precious toy. Messrs.
Robinson had added to the society's obligation, not only by presenting
these objects, but by carting them to the museum ; whilst to Mr. Rich
himself it was owing that they had been saved from destruction and
permanently recorded in the beautiful and accurate manner shown in
his photographs, plan, and most interesting paper.
The motion was carried by acclamation.

BISHOPWEARMOUTH TITHE BARN.

Mr. John Robinson read the following notes on this building : —
" The Bishop wearmouth tithe-barn is not mentioned in any history
of Sunderland. Hutchinson has a record of Sir Richard de Hylton,
giving permission for the prior at Monkwearmouth to use the private
roads when gathering in their tithes, and of the grant of land on which
to build their tithe-barn, of which, however, there is no record. Yet, as
it was one of the largest and wealthiest parishes in the north of England,
it is reasonable to expect that it would be a building in keeping with
the size of the parish. It was part and parcel of the rectory buildings,
and lies within the walls that surrounded the rectory proper, the
rectory grounds being to the north and east. The whole is now covered
with streets, &c. Of the ancient rectory, no portion remains but the
coach-house and saddle-room. The first mention of it is in a parlia-
mentary memorandum of August 29th, 1650, in which it reports ' that
whereas the parsonage-house of Bishop Wearmouth was in the year
1646 defaced and exceedingly ruined by armies, William Johnson,
admitted at the time to the rectory (by parliament), has since disbursed
considerable sums of money to make the same habitable. In all
£41 8s. Od.' In a volume of Dr. Paley's works, there is an illustration
of the rectory. When the building was pulled down, gunpowder had to
be employed in the work of destruction. The black oak staircase was
taken to the new rectory ; the stones were used by the speculative
builder, and the rubbish went to fill up the higher portion of the rec-
tory burn, or gill. The tithe-barn is now so surrounded by streets and
warehouses that it is impossible to photograph, or even sketch the
entire building. The photographs which I now exhibit will enable you
to form an idea of its size and appearance. Judging from the gable,
it is evidently as old as the walls, portions of which yet remain, that
surrounded the rectory, its outhouses and gardens, all of which are of
the local limestone. The present tithe barn building is only half, or more
correctly speaking, one-third its original size, for when the Ecclesiastical
Commissioners sold the rectory and grounds in the early part of last
century, the western portion of the barn was pulled down to allow a
street to be built on the ground it occupied. Previous to its demolition
part had been used as a brew-house and a laundry by the rectors, the
portion still standing being used as a stable and hay loft. When it was
last used as a tithe-barn is not known, though probably archdeacon
Paley would be the last user. He did not believe in the usual methods
of collecting tithes, but recommended ' their conversion into corn-rents,
as a practical and beneficial alteration, in which the interest of all
parties might be equitably adjusted.' Soon after his establishment at
Bishopwearmouth, to remove even the probability of dispute, he
granted the principal land owners and farmers leases for his life, at an

* In the 'Boldon Book' (Pudsey, 153-179) Wearmouth and Tunstall are mentioned
together, when the punder gave the use of 12 acres of land, and paid a thrave of corn
from every cart load ; 80 hens, and 50u eggs. (See Surt. Soc. publ.)

annual rent in lieu of tithes. Dr. Paley found himself perfectly at ease
by this arrangement, and, when he heard of a bad crop, used to say : —
' Aye, aye, now, I am well off ; my tithes are safe, and I have nothing
to do with them, or to think about them.' The absence of all informa-
tion relating to the ancient church and its institution can only be
accounted for by the same reason one of the rectors gave when a dispute
arose between him and the tithe payers as to the ancient agreements
and leases of the glebe lands. He told the discontented parishioners
that during the scare in the early days of the Jacobite rising all the
legal documents relating to the church lands were sent by sea to the
more secure port of Hull, when the vessel was either seized by the
French, or lost in a storm, for neither documents nor ship were ever
heard of again. With this information the church tenants had to be
content, and pay an increased yearly assessment. The tithe barn has
all the indications of hoary antiquity. The west gable, in which are the
large double doors, is quite modern, and is a patch work of bricks and
limestone work. The east.gable, as can be seen from the plate facing p.
96, is a picturesque piece of masonry, every portion in it being of local
limestone, with two long slits* high up in the gable for air-holes, and
supported by two heavy buttresses, there had been a third but it was
removed some years ago in the building of a neighbouring wall. The
high pitched roof, some two feet lower than the pointed gable, is covered
with pantiles, except a lower course of flagstones, some few of which are
as strong and secure in their position to-day as they were two centuries
or more ago. A warehouse is built against the south wall, and the north
wall leads into the ancient saddle room and coach-house of the old rec-
tory. On the ground floor — which is now used as a slaughter-house and
stable — there is a low doorway in the west corner of the south wall ; in it
also is a fine old window, or half door way, now built up. On entering
the hay-loft you see a large room, with massive beams binding the
walls together. In the south wall is a large window space, which had
originally been trellised, directly opposite on the north wall is a small
opening 10 inches by 14, for what purpose it is now difficult to say. On
the east gable wall are the two long slits, or air-holes, the outer opening
is 2 inches, while the inner splay is 22 inches, their total length is, one
7 feet 2 inches, the second, 5 feet 9 inches. The walls are 3 feet in
thickness, and are as solid to-day as when first built. The original
length of the building was 108 feet, and my informant who built property
in Eden street (and lives there yet, in his 85th year) which is on the old
site of the removed portion of the barn, said the west gable was pulled
down to prevent it falling against his own property. The eastern portion
left standing was afterwards used by rector Wellesley — brother to the
duke of Wellington — as a stable. Adjoining this remaining portion of
the tithe barn is the harness room and coach house. It was evidently
part of the original building, and is connected by an ancient doorway
which is now built up. The original windows of the coach house are
yet to be seen, the upper one with its original lattice work. The
massive beam which was above the doorway to the coach house is also
in position. The associations of these ancient out-houses are more
romantic than those of the tithe barn. For as we had prince bishops in
the early days of Durham church history, so the rectors of Bishopwear-
mouth had their courts leet, and were of much importance, with theii
income of upwards of £5,000 a year. Their stables, like their tables,

* The slits are low down in the plate, as it was not possible to photograph the
whole of the gable. The top of one of the buttresses is just seen. In the second illus-
tration the whole of one buttress is shown with the gable sideways.

had to equal to their position in society. The most famous rector —
archdeacon Paley — was fond of both ; but he was an indifferent horse-
man. He has left on record numerous illustrations of this defect in his
accomplishments. ' I was never a good horseman,' he delighted to
tell his friends, ' and when I followed my father on a pony of my own,
on my first journey to Cambridge, I fell off several times, my father
hearing a heavy thud, would turn his head half aside and say, ' Take
care of thy money, lad.' Many years after, when a horse was pre-
sented to him on which to exercise, he sent it to grass at a farm seven
miles away, and walked the distance every day to see how his horse
fared. So at Bishopwearmouth he kept his horses near the tithe-barn,
and rode them for exercise in the grounds behind the rectory ; this gave
rise to a pleasant story, which he himself delighted to relate to his
friends. Some wag, who knew him well as a horseman, one morning
wrote upon the gates of the entrance — ' Feats of horsemanship
here every day, by an eminent performer.' Two or three weeks after,
when the bishop of Elphin was on a visit to the learned rector, the same
wag announced on the park door, ' Additional feats, for a few days
only, by a new performer from Ireland.'

These historic out-houses, are yet associated wth horses, and are
now part of the extensive establishment of alderman J. H. Smith, by
whose kind permission I have been allowed to examine every nook
and corner of the tithe barn and adjoining buildings, no portion of
which has been destroyed since they came into his possession, upwards
of 40 years ago. The tithe- barn has, however, an additional claim to
historic interest, for, built into the wall of the adjoining building is an
inscribed stone, 5 feet Tin. by 12 in., which may be of Roman workman-
ship. Within a short distance from the spot where it has been exposed
for centuries there are, Deptford, and the well-known Roman ford
across the Wear near Hylton, on a line with the Roman road from
Hartlepool to South Shields. It was the usual custom of the Romans
to guard all their fords. ' I never passed a river,' says Horsley in his
Roman Stations in Britain, ' where the military way also crossed it, but
I found a station upon it if the river was considerable, and not too
near another.'' And Dr. Bruce says ' Whenever the Wall has occasion
to traverse a river or a mountain pass, a mile-castle has usually been
placed on the one side or the other to guard the defile.' What applied to
the great Wall will, with equal force, be applicable to the military road
along the coast. An ancient fort probably stood at the first bend of the
river at Wearmouth. Thirty years ago, Mr. John Moore, an observing
and industrious local antiquary, examined the foundations of an ancient
building, whih had stood at the point of the river bank, which commands
a view of the sea and the mouth of the river, and at one time there
would be an uninterrupted veiw up the river ; the foundations were five
feet below the surface, and four feet thick. There is no record of the
existence of such a fort at the spot, but there is traditional evidence
handed down to this day in the name ' Castle Street,' one of the oldest
streets in Bishopwearmouth, which leads from High Street to the spot
where the foundations were found, and not far from the first ford,
now named ' Deptford.' By the courtesy of Mr. H. H. Wake, engineer
to the River Wear Commissioners, I was allowed to examine the old
maps of the river, and it shows that within the length of the Com-
missioners' jurisdiction there were formerly five fords from the rectory
grounds upwards. Mr. John Moore informs me that ' At Hylton,
where the two winding roads meet, at the north and south of the river,
I have been told by keelmen that their boat-hooks were constantly

s >
-

coming in contact with dressed stones, which at extreme low tides
could be seen, some with lead and rods of iron in them. I have myself
felt the stones with a boat-hook, when rowing on the river. The keel-
men thought there had been a Roman bridge there. I have always had
an impression that -there was such a bridge, that the stones I have seen
were part of the pier or wall at the shore end, and that in the centre
of the stream was a pillar to receive the beam of wood which could
be speedily removed in the presence of the enemy.' What, therefore,
is more reasonable to suppose, than that the inscribed stone built into
the wall of the coach house of the rectory buildings of Bishopwearmouth,
originally came from the Roman fort which may have guarded the river
Wear at a point commanding a view of the open sea, and the two
fords — Deptford and Ford — where the Roman soldiers had to cross
to and from the stations at South Shields and Hartlepool. Should my
conjecture be correct, it will mark the first discovery of Roman sculp-
tured remains found at the mouth of the river Wear. I am informed
that the freestone immediately below the inscribed stone, is very
similar to that found in the neighbourhood of Coxgreen, and is from the
same quarries from which that for the Penshaw monument was procured.
The whole of the ancient walling is limestone, the only stone in the
district, with the exception of seven freestones, including the sculptured
stone in question, which is 5 feet 7 inches by 12 inches, another of the
stones, immediately below it, is 5 feet by 8 inches. I regret I have been
unable to examine the stones that were dredged up at Hylton. Mr.
Wake, C.E., the engineer to the Wear Commissioners, in reply to my
inquiries wrote me, ' I am sorry I have none of the stones from the
ford or bridge foundations at Hylton, as at the time the dredger was
working on the site my attention was not drawn to the matter until too
late to save some of the stones, though I understand some were got
(without my knowledge) by some person at Hylton.' It will thus be
seen that by a series of misfortunes we have no direct evidence of
Roman occupation, but I venture to claim in the sculptured stone to be
seen in the ancient wall of the Bishopwearmouth rectory buildings, is
an evidence that a Roman soldier in guarding the ford across the
Wear, put on record his ' vow, willingly and deservedly made,' to his
household god. For the stone, though much weathered, yet retains
cjhe well-known initial letters found as the termination of many
Roman altars — V. S. L. M."

Thanks were voted to Mr. Robinson for his notes.

MITFOBD CHURCH.

Mr. Blair read the following notes on this church by the Rev. R. C.
MacLeod, the vicar : —

" The oldest portion of the existing building is the Norman arcade of
the south aisle, which probably dates from the middle of the 12th
century. There were originally two aisles, but, after the Bertrams were
attainted in the 13th century, the aisles were taken down and walls
built on the north and south side of the nave, probably in the 14th
century. Of these the north wall still remains, the south wall was
taken down by Colonel Mitford about 1880, when the Norman arcading
was found embedded in the masonry. The pillars are round, and the
abacus and bases of a most characteristic Norman character. (See
plate facing p. 100.)

The two chapels are 14th century, one known as the Mitford chapel,
the other as the Pigdon chapel, which latter is now used as a vestry.

100

The piscina in the Mitford chapel shews that there was formerly an altar
at the east end. One has now been placed at the south end under the
window, which accords rather with the Roman than the Anglican use.
The chancel is probably masonry ; has been scraped, and if any mason
marks existed they have been obliterated.

Similarly the beautiful sedilia on the south side bears marks of
having been built during the transition from Norman to early English,
while the abacus on two of the shafts is square, on two it is round, and
the two last named pillars are filleted. The south door of the chancel
is distinctly Norman, the capitals are cushion-shaped, and the mould-
ings are the lozenge, the cable, and chevron. On the east wall of the
chancel a stone ornamented with the chevron moulding is built in above
the south lancet window. I think probably there was a Norman
chancel whih was destroyed in a Scottish raid or by fire towards the
end of the twelfth century, and that when the new chancel was built
some of the old materials were worked in. There is a doorway blocked
up on the north side of the chancel, and the existence of some building
here is indicated by the corbel stones which probably supported the
roof, and by the fact that the base moulding ceases at the point where
the corbel stones begin. There are some mason marks on the sedilia.
In other parts of the church there is very early 13th century work, or
even late 12th century. Though at first sight the three lancet windows
at the east end appear to be pure Early English, a closer examination
shews that though the shafts between the lights have a round abacus,
and bands at intervals upon them, those on the north and south have
the abacus square, and the capitals are Norman in character. From
these last named capitals runs a string course which is also Norman in
character."

Thanks were voted to Mr. MacLeod for his notes.

OLD COAL WORKINGS, FERRYHILL.

Mr. E. Wooler of Darlington, in a letter to the editor dated October
24th, 1903, writes : —

* You will perhaps know that Messrs. Bolckow, Vaughan & Co. have
opened out a new colliery, called the Dean and Chapter Colliery, at
Ferryhill village. It was thought that the coal was virgin, but the
main seam has been partially worked, and they have made some very
interesting discoveries in the working, viz., old tools, tub, and a- boar's
head. Seeing that Newcastle is in the midst of the coal trade, I think
you should secure these mementoes of old time working for the museum,
as a large number of pitmen visit the castle. If you were to write to
Mr. I. A. Derwent of No. 19 Danesbury Terrace, Darlington, I have no
doubt from what he said to me yesterday that you could secure them.'

Mr. Blair said he had written to Mr. Derwent, but had received no
reply to his letter.

PIERCEBRIDGE.

Mr. Wooler exhibited a photograph of a small Roman vase^ which
had been found in the camp at Piercebridge. It is the top illustration
on the plate facing p. 64.

Mr. Wooler was thanked for these communications,

Proc. Soc Antiq. Neivc. 3 ser. vol. i.

To face page 100.

MITFORD CHURCH, INTERIOR LOOKING E.
From a photograph by the Rev. B. C. MacLeod, vicar of Mitford.

101

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES

OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE.
VOL. I. (3 Ser.) 1903. No. 13.

The ordinary monthly meeting of the society was held in the library of
the Castle, Newcastle, on Wednesday, the 25th day of November, 1903,
at seven o'clock in the evening, Mr. Richard Welford, one of the vice-
presidents, being in the chair.

Several accounts, recommended by the council for payment, were
ordered to be paid.

The chairman stated that since their last meeting they had lost by
death three of their members, Mr. George Skelly of Alnwick, and Mr.
R. Y. Green and Mr. Wm. Glendenning of Newcastle, in addition to
professor Mommsen, one of their honorary members, of whom a memoir
was to be read this evening. He was sure the respective families of
these departed friends had their heartfelt sympathies.

The following NEW BOOKS, &c., were placed on the table : —

Presents, for which thanks were voted : —

From Mr. J. Crawford Hodgson, F.S.A., a vice-president : — The
Antiquary, vols. i-xxxv, half-bound.

From Mr. John Moore (per Mr. John Robinson, the writer) : — The
Attwood Family, with Notes and Pedigrees ; 8vo., illustrated,
printed, for private circulation, by Hills & Co., Sunderland, 1903.

From the Rev. E. J. Taylor, F.S.A., vicar of West Pelton : — A small
parchment document of 1734, bearing the seal of the burgh of
Culross, being a ' Burgess and Guild Ticket of the burgh of
Culross, in favor of Mr. John Eiston.'

Exchanges : —

From ' La Societe d'Archeologie de Bruxelles': — Annales, xvn., iii &

iv, 8vo. [contains a short article on ' Le tissue de Modene,' and

additional notes, profusely illustrated, by M. Paul Saintenoy, on

baptismal fonts].

From the Berwickshire Naturalists Club : — History, xvm, i, 1901.
From the Royal Arch. Institute : — The Arch. Journal, LX (2 ser. x, 2),

June, 1903, 8vo.
From the Numismatic Society of London : — Numismatic Chronicle,

4 ser., no. 11, 1903, pt. iii, 8vo.

102

From the Cambrian Arch. Association : — Archaeologia Cambrensis

October, 1903, 6 ser. in, 4.
From the Bristol and Gloucestershire Arch. Society : — Transactions,

xxv, ii, 8vo.
From the - Videnskabsselskabet i Christiania' : — Skrifter Maalet i dei

gamle nor she Kongebrev, av Marcus HcBgstad, 8vo.

Purchases : — Griffin's Year Book of Societies, for 1902-3; Mittheilungen
. of the Imp. Germ. Archl. Inst. vol. xvni, large 8vo., Rom,
1903 ; and Notes and Queries, 305-308.J

EXHIBITED : —

By Mr. M. H. Hodgson of South Shields : — A carving in wood, 8£in.
long by 6£in. wide, representing, under ' an arched recess, a
crowned figure seated in a chair, a female figure behind and two
in front.

By Mr. If old of Newcastle : — Two wooden nutcrackers, from Berk-
shire, each Gins, long, worked by a wooden screw ; one has
two comic faces back to back, one with wide open mouth in
which the nut is to be placed ; the other represents a squirrel
with a nut in its mouth.

By Mr. E. Wooler of Darlington: — The Roman vase found at
Piercebridge of which he exhibited a photograph at the last
meeting of the society (p. 100). A reproduction of this photo-
graph may be seen on the plate facing p. 64. The urn is 7in. high
and about Gins, in diameter at the widest part.

By Mr. T. J. Bell of Cleadon, (per Mr. R. Blair) : — Four Roman coins
found at the Trow Rocks — one each of Vespasian and. Antoninus
Pius, and two of Faustina the younger. The following are de-
scriptions of them : —

2 M obv. IMP CAES VESPASIAN Avo cos mi ; laureated head to

right.

rev. An eagle, with outspread wings, fronting and standing
on a globe, head turned to right ; s c in field. (A.D. 71,
Cohen, 2 ed. no. 481.)
Antoninus Pius —

2 & obv. ANTONINVS Avo pivs P P TR p xvni; laureated head

to right.

rev. BRITANNIA cos iin ; in exergue s c. Britannia seated
to left, on a rock on which she rests her left hand, right
hand upraised. (A.D. 155)
Faustina the younger (wife of M. Aurelius) —

1 M obv. FAVSTINA AVGVSTA ; head to right.

rev. AVGVSTI PII FIL ; Concord, a column behind, standing
to left, holding a cornucopia in left hand and a patera
in outstretched right.

2 JE. obv. Inscription illegible ; head to right.

rev. Inscription illegible ; figure standing.

The Chairman reported that the council had accepted the tender of
Messrs. R. Robinson & Co., Ltd., for printing the first volume of the third
series of the Archaeologia Aeliana, subject to confirmation by the society ;
and that the council recommended that a volume, bound in buckram,
with paper label, be issued about the middle of each year.

This was unanimously agreed to.

The Chairman then gave notice, in terms of statute xv, that at the

103

anniversary meeting of the society on the 27th January, 1904, he would
move that that portion of statute x, which provides for the issue to
members of two illustrated parts of the Archaeologia in the months of
January and June in each year, be rescinded ; and that instead thereof
the words, a ' complete illustrated volume of the Archaeologia, bound
in cloth or buckram, shall be issued to members in June of each year.'

The recommendation of the council that no meeting of the society be
held in December, and that the annual meeting be held on the 27th
January, 1904, at two o'clock in the afternoon, was unanimously agreed
to.

CHOLLERTON CHURCH.

Bishop Hornby, rector of Chollerton, reported that while excavating
at the north-east corner of the chancel of Chollerton church, in order to
fix a boiler for the new heating apparatus, the foundations of an old wall
running parallel with the church were uncovered. In the wall was
found a stone 18ins. long by 12ins. across at the top, having incised in its
centre a ' dagger-shaped ' cross of somewhat rude workmanship. A
quantity of skulls and other human remains were also found. The
bishop sent a cutting from the Evening Chronicle of the 21st November,
in which a representation of the stone is given. The bishop asked if
any members could throw light upon the discovery.

THE LATE PROFESSOR MOMMSEN, HON. MEMBER.

Mr. Blair (one of the secretaries), read an obituary notice of professor
Mommsen, by Mr. F. Haverfield, F.S.A., which will be printed in the
Archaeologia Aeliana. So recently as the week before his death the
learned professor elucidated an obscure word in the recently discovered
inscribed slab from the Tyne, at Newcastle. A photograph of professor
Mommsen, and a letter from him, were passed round. The former and
a portion of the latter will be reproduced.

Thanks were voted to Mr. Haverfield, and it was resolved to send a
letter of sympathy to the widow of professor Mommsen.

THE LATE WILFRID J. CRIPPS, F.S.A.

Mr. Blair next read an obituary notice, by Mr. T. M. Fallow, F.S.A., of
the author of Old English Plate, a book that has passed through many
editions. A portrait of Mr. Cripps, which will be reproduced for the
Archaeologia, was passed round.

This memoir also will appear in the Archaeologia Aeliana.

Thanks were voted to Mr. Fallow.

WHALTON ' BONEFIRE.'

The Rev. J. Walker, rector of Whalton and hon. canon of Newcastle,
read his paper on the Whalton bonefire, which will be printed in the
same volume (xxv) of Archaeologia. A fine series of photographs, by
Sir I. Benjamin Stone, M.P., illustrating different stages in the cere-
mony, was passed round the room.

In moving a vote of thanks to Canon Walker, Mr. R. O. Heslop gave
an interesting account of the Newcastle ' bonefires,' as the correct word
used to be (actually fires of bones), and read local records relating to fires
in July, 1579, on both Midsummer Eve and St. Peter's Day, and there was
a further record of a ' bonefire ' in 1593. This last, however, was merely
a feu-de-joie. He remarked that Dr. Murray in his dictionaryjnentioned
that the 'rubbish about bale-fires imported from the Old Testament was

104

outside the pale of scientific enquiry.' Bale-fire was used by Sir Walter
Scott as a picturesque word to describe a beacon fire, and the word was
of Teutonic origin.

In reply to a question, Mr. Walker said he had heard of the ashes being
surreptitiously taken away as a medicine for cattle, as it was considered
there was a certain efficacy attached to them as the remains of that par-
ticular fire, and in acknowledging the vote of thanks, he said the feeling
he had himself about the custom was that it was rather Druidical than
either Semitic or Phoenician in its origin. He remarked that although
there were traces of Phoenician worship having taken place in Northum-
berland, as when they were restoring Elsdon church they found built
into the tower the three horses' heads which were sacrificed at the
dedication of any building by the Phoenicians. And certainly the
Whalton fire could not be connected with any modern cause.

The vote of thanks was heartily carried, and the meeting concluded.

MISCELLANEA.

MABY BOWMAN SWINDON. — Wanted, for literary purposes only, in-
formation of the family of Mary Bowman Swindon, formerly of W.
Auckland, county Durham, who married Henry Angelo the Fencer, in
1778, at St. Anne's, Soho.

In a catalogue (no. CCXLVI.) of MSS. of James Coleman of Tottenham
Terrace, Tottenham, near London, N., the following local documents
are offered for sale : —

66. Durham. Deed between John Gargrave of Hetton-in-the-Hole, eo. Durham, and
Robert Crawe of Elwick, in same co., relating to land in Hetton-le-Hole. Sig.
and seal of Gargrave, 1628, 5».

107. Deed between Hy. Grey of Durham, co. Durham, gent., and Rich. Wilson of
Ulgham, relating to land in Hepscot, co. Northumberland, with fine sig. and
seal of Hy. Grey, 1668, 5*.

196. Deed between Philip Musgrave, son of Richard late of Howick, co. Northum-
berland, and Anthony Musgrave of the town and co. of Newcastle, relating to
land in Thornehope, co. Northumberland, with sig. and seal of Philip, 1713, 4s. 6d.

222. Deed between the Right Hon. John Bowes, earl of Strathmore and Kinghorn,
in Scotland, and Percival Clennell of Harbottle, Northumberland, esq. , relating
to land in Hetton-le-Hole, co. Durham, two large skins with fine sig. of earl of
Strathmore, 1774, 5s. 6d.

242. Deed between William Ramsay of Newcastle, and James Fryer, Ralph Wallis
of Knaresdale hall, Northumberland, relating to land, &c., in Knaresdale ; sig.
and seals of Wm. R., J. F., and R. W., 1707, 4s. 6d.

326. Large Vellum Map of Scremeraton S. Side Moor farm, co. Durham [North], of
827a. of land in Ancroft, 1783, 30s.

In a catalogue of Mr. John Hitchman, Bulleins Bulwarke of Defence
against all Sickness, 1572, is advertized for sale. The writer, speaking of
the salt made in England, informs us that he had a share in the salt-pans
at ' The Shiles ' [Shields] by Tynemouth Castle. He also relates how
he did ' recouer one Eellises (of Jarrowe in the Bishoppricke), not onely
from a spice of the palsie but also from the quarten. And afterwards
the same Belhses, more unnatural! than a viper, sought divers ways
to have murthered me : taking parte against me with my mortall
enemies ! '

The Rev. T. Stephens vicar of Horsley, has in his possession a book
purchased at the Phillips sale, 'An Alphabet of Arms,' by William
Stephens. It bears the book-plate of J. Trotter Brockett, and
this memorandum : ' This book was the property of Mr. William
Stephens of Gainford, and formerly resident at Cambridge, a capital
engraver. I bought it, amongst other books and prints, of his executors,
G. Allen' [of Darlington].

105

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES

OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE.

VOL. I. (3 Ser.) 1904. No. 14.

The ninety-first anniversary meeting of the Society was held in the
library of the castle, on Wednesday, the 27th January, 1904, at two
o'clock in the afternoon, His Grace the Duke of Northumberland, K.G.,
F.S.A., president, being in the chair.

Several accounts, recommended by the council for payment, were
ordered to be paid.

The following ordinary members were proposed and declared duly
elected : —

i. E. Brock-Hollinshead (Miss), 27 Nelson Street, Edinburgh,
ii. George V. B. Charlton, Grafton Underwood, Kettering.
iii. Robert Holmes Edleston, F.S.A., Gainford, Darlington,
iv. George H. Glendenning, 114 St. George's Terrace, Newcastle,
v. James McMillan, 2 Bishopton Street, Sunderland.
vi. Frederick George Skelly, Alnwick.

The following NEW BOOKS, &c., were placed upon the table : —
Presents, for which thanks were voted :

From Mr. J. P. Gibson : Two permanent carbon photographs (each
24" by 18") of the pretorium at Housesteads and of the Roman
Wall at Cuddy's Crag.

From the Rev. E. J. Taylor, F.S.A., vicar of West Pelton : — A scarce
sermon, the title page of which is: "The Holiness of Christian \
Churches : \ Set forth in a | SERMON | Preach'd September 4,
MDCCXIX AT THE | CONSECRATION I OF THE | NEW CHURCH
| AT I SUNDERLAND. \ By THOMAS MANGE Y, LL.D. \
Chaplain to the Right Reverend Father in GOD, JOHN Lord
Bishop of London. \ Published at the Request of the Audience. \
LONDON: \ Printed for W. and J. INNYS at the Prince's
Arms, | the West end of St. Paul's ; and F. HILDYABD, | Book-
seller in York. MDCCXIX. (Price 4d.)"

[Mr. Taylor in a note says that ' This sermon seems to have been
highly appreciated, for it was ordered that ' Wee ye Vestry and
Churchwardens doe all joyne in a letter to him, desiring him to
print ye Sermon, preached ye fifth inst., in this Church.' At a
subsequent meeting it is ' ordered that the Churchwardens pay Mr.
Guy Robson, or order the sum of eleven pounds and eighteen
shillings, being his bill due to him for wine sent to Dr. Mangey as a

106

present for his preaching the Consecration Sermon.' The book-
plate on the back of the title page, is my late father's, being his
arms quartering Weatherley of Newcastle and Northumberland.
Lord Crewe, bishop of Durham, made Dr. Mangey a prebendary of
Durham, for the flattering dedication to his sermon, which the
bishop had never read ']

From R. Blair (one of the secretaries) : — A collection of newspaper
cuttings, mounted on folio paper, relating to the ' Railway Fever '
of 1845-46, collected by John Bell in 1846.
Exchanges : —

From the British Arch. Association : — The Journal, N.S., ix, iii, Dec.

1903; 8vo.
From the Royal Archaeological Institute : — The Archaeological

Journal, vol. LX, No. 239 (2 ser., x. 2), Sep. 1903 ; 8vo.
From the Cambridge Antiquarian Society : — List of Members, May 11,

1903, &c., 8vo.
From the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, U.S.A. : — Annual

Report for 1901, 8vo., cl.

From the Yorkshire Archaeological Society : — The Yorkshire Arch-
aeological Journal, part 68 (xvn, iv), 8vo. Leeds, 1903.
From the Powys-land Club : — Coll. Historical and Archaeol. relating to

Montgomeryshire and its borders, xxxin, i, (pt. LXIV, Dec. 1903).
From the Shropshire Archaeological and Nat. Hist. Society: — Trans-
actions, 3 ser. in, iii ; 8vo.

Purchases — Rev. E. A. Downam's plans of British Camps (12 original
drawings) [Wall Hill, Ledbury, and Offa's Dyke, Lyonshall,
Herefordshire ; Burfa Bank, Radnorsh. ; Tongo Castle, Stock-
bury, Thurnham Castle, Caesar's Camp (Folkestone), Tonbridge,
Canterbury Danejohn, and Binbury, Kent ; and Northolt,
Middlesex] ; The Scottish Historical Review, No. 2, Jan. 1904,
8vo. ; Mittheilungen of the Imp. German Archl. Inst., vol. xvin.
8vo. Rom, 1903 ; Notes and Queries, 9 ser. 309-312, 10 ser. 1-4 ;
The Reliquary for Jan. 1904 ; and The Antiquary for Dec. 1903,
and Jan. 1904.

Archaeologia Aeliana, part 61.

The editor placed on the table Archaeologia Aeliana, vol. xxv, part ii,
which is about ready for issue to members.

DONATIONS TO THE MUSEUM.

From Messrs. Howe and Thornton (per Mr. J. S. Robson): — An inscribed
stone, apparently part of a mantelpiece, taken out of an old house
in Newgate, Newcastle, adjoining the Empire theatre, recently
pulled down. The stone is 2ft. high by 16in. wide. On it is a
shield divided into four quarters, the letters RM, AM, IM, and the
year which is uncertain, being in the respective quarters. The
first illustration facing page 36 shews it.

[Mr. Welford said he believed the stone came from one of two houses
which belonged to the family of Mould, tailors in the Bigg Market,
near the entrance to St. John's lane. If that were so, the initials
might be those of Ralph Mould and members of his family ; the
will of one of them dated 1662, was quoted on page 159 of Arch.
Aeliana, xxiv (q.v.).]

From Mr. R. Blair (one of the secretaries) : (i) tho damaged group

of the mother-goddesses, from the Roman camp4at South Shields

(see Arch. Ael. x, 318) ; and (ii) a fragmentary Greek inscription

on marble, found in South Shields (see Proc. vi, 204). See page

, 107.

107

THE MOTHER GODDESS, FROM THE ROMAN CAMP AT SOUTH SHIELDS.

(See opposite page.)

GREEK INSCRIPTION, FROM SOUTH SHIELDS.

(See opposite page.)

108

EXHIBITED : —

By Mr. E. Wooler of ^Darlington : —

i. Two photographs of the upper stone of an Ancient British quern
of Shap granite found in the camp at Stanwick St. John, near
Darlington.

[Mr. Wooler notes 'that evidently a glacial boulder has been used. It is
15in. in diameter, 3|in. thick, and the pivot hole, worn very smooth
by rotating, is 2|in. in diameter. It is convex to the extent of
one inch. The stone has unfortunately got broken where/ it has
been drilled for the fixing of the turning handle. The quern must
have been worked by a man or a very powerful woman as the stone
is heavy. The grinding of corn during the Anglian period appears to
have been a domestic employment left entirely to women ; at any
rate, by the laws of Ethelbert, king of Kent, who ruled from 560
to 616, a particular fine of 12s. is imposed upon any man
who should corrupt the king's grinding maid. In Deuteronomy,
c. 24, v. 6, there is an injunction 'that no man shall take the
nether or upper millstone to pledge for he taketh a man's life to
pledge,' The late Mr. Backhouse of Shull Wolsingharn, found a
somewhat similar stone near the British camp at Hamsterley, but it
had never been used. It was an upper quern-stone, also made of
Shap granite, and the Briton, in holeing the stone at the centre for
the wood pivot, had worked from both sides, but as he had not set
his work out correctly, the two holes had missed, and the stone
had been thrown away. These glacial boulders of Shap granite
are found as far south as Doncaster. There is a very fine one in
Northgate, Darlington, kuown as ' Bulmer's Stone,' and as a^pro-
minent landmark, the Darlington Corporation is about to place an
inscription on it to the effect ' That this monolith of Shap granite
was, in prehistoric times, transported here from Westmorland by
a glacier. Flax was beaten on it when Darlington was famed for
its linen industry. Bulmer, the noted episcopal borough ; crier
(c. 1790), made proclamations from it.']

ii. A photograph of the lower half of an inscribed stone found in the
wall of the Skerne mill-race, Darlington, when it was demolished.
The stone is 16in. long, by 9in. wide, and bears the inscription
D'MINI, 1575, a mullet, pierced, a curious ornament, a cinquefoil,
and the letter B. It is thought to commemorate a member of the
Barnes family, one of whom became bishop of Durhamj and
others were borough bailiffs of Darlington in the 16 cent. (See
Longstaffe'sDarZwgrton, Ixxxii, and Hutchinson's Durham,p.^566.)
See the first illustration facing page 93.

By Mr. T. Taylor, F.S.A. : — A small plain tankard, with reeded and
moulded border, flat reeded scroll handle. Inscription or} side
' The Gift of Geo : Cox to Tho : Bowser,' engraved with the coat
of arms of the Bowser family : [ ] a cross engrailed [ ] be-
tween 4 bougets [ ]. Dimensions : height 3fin., diameter at
mouth 3in. ; weight inscribed on bottom 6oz. 16dwts.

THE ROMAN CAMP AT PIERCEBRIDGE.

Mr. E. Wooler reported that a cist, made of stone slabs and con-
taining human bones, probably of the Roman period, had been dis-
covered at Piercebridge, and that from the same place he had obtained
three small copper Roman coins of Allectus, Valerian and Tetricus.

109

ANNUAL REPORT, &C.

Mr. R. Oliver Heslop (one of the secretaries) then read as follows, the
annual report of the council : —

" With their ninety-first annual report your council record with
regret the death of no fewer than eleven members of the society in the
past year.

" The Right Hon. the Earl of Ravensworth succeeded his father
as President of our society in 1879, and continued in that office until
the press of other matters compelled him to resign in 1898. His genial
presence in the chair was, in former years, a welcome feature of our
annual meetings ; whilst his zeal for the society, and his interest in our
pursuits were at all times manifested. These characteristics were
particularly shown when it fell to his lot to represent our society on
special occasions ; thus, when the Royal Archaeological Institute
visited Newcastle, in 1884 he received its members on our behalf ; in the
following year he formally opened the Black Gate museum ; again, in
1886, he presided at the banquet served in this building to commemorate
the Pilgrimage of the Roman Wall then undertaken. The addresses
given at each of these gatherings were of more than passing interest, and
their scope and character were admirably suited to the occasions. In
the second of the addresses above referred to, that of 1885, reference
was made to the peculiar relation that had existed between his family
and the precincts of the Castle, and his lordship's words may be fittingly
recalled at this juncture : ' I have a certain interest in this castle,' he
said, ' not only as being a member of this society myself, but from the
fact that my ancestors were leaseholders of the Castle Garth for a great
number of years. In 1736,. my ancestor, Colonel Liddell, entered into
competition with no less a body than the municipality of this ancient
town ; they competed for the renewal of the lease, but he got the best

of it, and obtained the lease from the Crown. In 1756 the reversion

of this lease was again purchased by the first Lord Ravensworth, but in
1780 it was sold to Mr. Turner — and in 1811 the Newcastle Corporation
regained the possession of the Castle Garth and its surroundings.' Our
late president was thus doubly related to our society ; first, by his regard
for the pursuits of our members, and further, in an attachment to this
place with its associations of an ancestral possession.

" The Rev. Anthony Johnson was elected to our membership in 1882.
His monographs on Bywell and Blanchland form valuable contributions
to the thirteenth and sixteenth volumes of Archaeologia, Aeliana. A
retiring disposition hardly disclosed his capabilities to those only known
to him by casual contact. But on the visits of our society to Bywell
and to Blanchland, where he acted as guide, his descriptions of the places
were of the greatest interest, revealing, as they did, stores of local and
general information and a reserve of erudition ; and these services were
rendered with a kindliness and geniality not to be forgotten. Mr. William
Glendenning was elected in 1878, and has thus been associated with us
for a quarter of a century. To the end of this long period he sustained
an observant interest in our proceedings and was a regular attender at
our out-door meetings. Mr. William Harris Robinson was an ardent
collector whose judgment and taste in matters of art were as conspicuous
as his urbane and quiet character was unobtrusive. In his speciality
as a numismatist his services were at the call of the investigator, and
were at all times willingly rendered ; from his election in 1882 until
illness prevented, he was constant in his attendance at our meetings,
where his kindly presence was always welcomed. Mr. Robert Yeoman
Green, elected 1883, an accomplished naturalist, was always greatly

110

interested in archaeology ; he combined a life-long intimacy with, and a
rare knowledge of, the history and antiquities of Newcastle, where liis
presence suggested a connecting link between our own and an older
generation of citizens whose pursuit of knowledge remains one of our
worthiest traditions. Mr. Walter Scott of Sunderland, was elected in
1888, and, although unable by distance to attend our monthly meetings,
took ^part in our country excursions ; he was throughout quietly and
observantly interested in our pursuits. Mr. George Skelly of Alnwick,
had been long and widely known as a glossarist and folk-lorist, although
his membership dated only from 1892 ; as a painstaking observer and
diligent recorder he enriched the local press from time to time with
copious notes on his particular studies. Mr. David Arundell Holds-
worth was elected in 1895, and showed a keen interest in the meetings
of the society. To an ardent pursuit of knowledge he added rare
powers of exposition, with the promise of useful capabilities in our
midst. To our deprivation is added the loss of an eager comrade. Mr.
Charles William Mitchell of Jesmond Towers, joined our membership
roll in succession to his father, and was elected in 1896. Circumstances
prevented an active participation in our gatherings here ; but although
a stranger to our meetings he was a cordial friend in all that related to
our proceedings. This was shown in a marked degree when our society
learned that the frontage of the Black Gate had been threatened with an
obstruction. At the call of your Council he gave his personal attendance
and lent his influence on our behalf, with helpful results in averting that
threatened misfortune. It was a happiness to be associated with a
colleague who had already won distinction in his high calling as an artist,
and whose services to his native city had unfolded plans of the brightest
promise. To ourselves, as to the community at large, his premature loss
is an irreparable deprivation ; and, besides, it is the loss of a rare person-
ality, for, as one of his friends has written, ' He was, in a word, of those
whom to know with any degree of intimacy is to love ; and he lives
in the memory as an abiding inspiration.' Mrs. Brock-Hollinshead of
Shap, late of Cheltenham, elected in 1896, as a distant resident was
debarred from attendance at our customary meetings; but as a student
of archaeology she took a lively interest in our publications, and was
constant in her exchange of books from our library.

" Whilst so many lapses fall to be thus enumerated at home, there yet
remains for us to record that of a great figure in the wider field of
continental archaeology. Professor Mommsen was elected an honorary
member in June, 1883, along with Dr. Emil Hiibner, whom he survived
by two years. The attachment of these two eminent names to our roll
of membership was a distinction to our society, and their removal
leaves us all the poorer. Of the veteran Mommsen' s services record has
already been made by our colleague, Mr. Haverfield.* It may be
mentioned, however, as exemplifying his enduring interest in our
concerns, that the inscription on the recently discovered Newcastle slab
was submitted to him, and his reading of it was received by Mr. Haver-
field only a few days before the death of the historian.

" In the past year the first part of the twenty-fifth volume of Archaeo-
logia Aeliana was issued. It consists of 159 pages, 135 of which are
devoted to papers by members. These include the important treatise
on ' Early Ordnance in Europe,' by our vice-president, Mr. R. Coltman
Clephan, F.S.A., with illustrations. Mr. William Brown contributes
' Local Muniments ' in a series of eighteen documents relating to the

* See Arch. Ael. xxv, 185.

Ill

two northern counties dating from the twelfth to the fifteenth centuries.
They are accompanied by illustrations of seals, descriptions of which are
given by Mr. W. H. St. John Hope. The third item is an unfinished
paper on ' Dagger Money,' by the late W. H. D. Longstaffe, communi-
cated by Mr. F. W. Dendy. The fourth consists of notes by Mr. Heslop,
one of the secretaries, on ' Structural Features of the Great Tower of
Newcastle.' The fifth contribution relates to the discovery by the Right
Rev. Bishop Hornby, of eighteen 'Ancient Deeds relating to Gunnerton,'
dating from the thirteenth to the seventeenth centuries and now printed.

" The first volume of the new — the second — series of Archaeologia
Aeliana is dated 1857 and with the completion of the twenty fifth volume
the resolution of the society to end the series will come into force ; and
the next ensuing volume will be the first of the third series.

" The original issue of our publications was demy quarto, measuring
1 1 by 9 inches, and continued thus in four successive volumes, bearing
the imprints of the years 1822, 1832, 1846 and 1855 respectively. It
may be remembered that copperplate and lithography were then in
vogue for illustrative purposes. At the annual meeting of 1856 a
resolution was adopted to print future publications in demy octavo,
and our second series, with its octavo page of eight and three-quarter
by five and three-quarter inches, has thus continued unaltered for the
past 46 years.

" In portability and appearance these last twoi.ty five volumes leave
nothing to be desired ; and, as far as typography i- concerned, the demy
octavo form might well be continued. But the alteration made of late
years in the method of illustration, by which the work of the wood
engraver is superseded by the process block, has rendered it desirable
to adopt a size of page that will admit a display of the modern method
to the greatest advantage. It is accordingly proposed to alter the
format of our volumes to a size measuring 'eight and three-quarter
inches high by seven inches wide. No change will thus be made in the
height of our volumes so that they will continue to appear on the shelf
in uniform range with the preceding series, whilst an increased width
of nearly an inch and a quarter will add considerably to the capacity
of the page for purposes of illustration.

" A further change, of which due notice has been given, will be sub-
mitted for your consideration at the present annual meeting. In place
of the issue half-yearly in covers, hitherto in practice, it is proposed to
send out a complete volume of Archaeologia Aeliana, bound in a suit-
able material, at midsummer in each year. As the alteration in form
and in manner of publication are both in response to a widely-urged
request your Council trusts that the changes may enhance the apprecia-
tion with which our publications are regarded.

" With the year 1903 began the first volume of the third series of our
Proceedings. One hundred and four pages of this publication have been
issued during the year besides a large portion of the index to the tenth
volume of the second series. Copious illustrations, many important
articles, and numerous records hitherto inedited, enhance the interest
attaching to these Proceedings. The printing of the Elsdon registers
brought down to 1813, with the index, has also been finished.

" In addition to the regular monthly meetings the society has held
out-door meetings in the summer, visiting severally the Roman camp
at CILURNUM with the line of the Wall to Limestone-bank ; Mitford and
Newminster ; and Ulgham, Widdrington and Chibburn. Detailed and
illustrated reports of these are given in our Proceedings.

112

" Two most valuable contributions to local history made in the past
year have been the work of members of our society.

"Our colleague Mr. George B. Hodgson, in The Borough of South Shield*
from the Earliest Period to the Close of the Nineteenth Century, has placed
the community under a debt of obligation. His work embraces an
amount of historical and statistical information that will prove a perfect
mine of facts and figures in itself. These illustrate in the most complete
manner the rise and progress of an important municipality and its
relation to the Port of Tyne. From an archaeological standpoint the
Roman, Anglian and medieval histories are summarized with con-
spicuous grasp of the subjects, whilst the literary qualities displayed
add to Mr. Hodgson's book an attraction of themselves. It is equally
fortunate that another local history has been undertaken by one who
combines the observation of a naturalist and the erudition of an antiquary
with a rare power of graphic delineation. In these qualities Mr. D. D.
Dixon has more than realized anticipation in the publication of his
Upper Coquetdale. A companion volume to the author's Vale of
Whittingham it adds another interesting section to the history, tradi-
tions and folk-lore of the romantic uplands of Northumberland and an
appreciation to the charm exercised by their scenery. When the new
County History of Northumberland in its progress overtakes these
areas Mr. Dixon' s pages will prove to be of the utmost value. Written
with a full knowledge of their abounding interests, the record partakes
of the freshness of the hills themselves. The qualities of Mr. Hodgson's
and Mr. Dixon' s volumes call for more than ordinary recognition and
congratulation for their respective authors.

"An interesting feature has been added to the collection of banners in
the Great Hall of the Castle by the presentation of a framed drawing,
executed and given by Mr. and Mrs. C. H. Blair. Each banner is
fully blazoned, its position on the wall being indicated, so that the
plate furnishes a key to the heraldry and may be said to add a final
item to the work.

" Whilst so much has been done in the past to elucidate the structure
and character of the Stationary Camps on the line of the Wall and else-
where it is in no small degree remarkable that discoveries in PONS
AELIUS itself have been so few and far between, and that even the exact
site of the station is still a matter of conjecture. It is therefore with
more than ordinary interest that the discoveries made on the site of the
Aelian bridge and in what appear to have been the precincts of the camp
call for notice. An altar and an inscribed slab, recovered from the debris
of the Roman structure in the river bed, furnish, in the one case, a dedi-
cation to Ocean by the sixth legion, an exact duplicate in design of the
Neptune altar from the same site already in our museum, and in the other
a commemoration of Antoninus by Julius Verus his imperial legate and
propretor. The association of Neptune and Ocean, thus personified,
present, not only a combination of great rarity, but is pointed out as of
significance in its relation to the conquest of Northern Britain. At
the same time the accompanying slab may yet prove to have added
greatly to our knowledge of the detail of Roman history. With these
was found the base of a third altar, the altar itself being yet wanting.

" The discoveries of a well-shaped sarcophagus in Hanover Square,
accompanied by a second and rough-hewn example near by, are not
only important for the sake of the objects themselves but for the indica-
tion they furnish of an adjacent highway. They thus afford the first
clue yet found to guide our investigations of the direction by which
the stationary camp called PONS AELIUS was reached from the northern
abutment of the bridge itself.

113

' ' It is, finally, a matter of congratulation to record that all these
objects have been placed in our museum in the permanent custody of
our society."

The curators' and treasurer's reports were also read. The treasurer's
balance sheet showed a balance of £71 6s. 9d. in favour of the society
at the beginning of 1903, and a total income for the year of £598 12s. 1 Id.,
and expenditure £522 12s. 8d., leaving a balance of income over ex-
penditure at the end of 1903 of £76 Os. 3d. The capital invested, with
dividends, was £100 Is. 6d. The receipts were : from subscriptions,
£350 14s. Od. ; from Castle, £126 8s. 6d. ; from Blackgate museum,
£28 12s. 2d. ; and from books sold, £21 11s. 6d. The printing cost:
Archaeologia, £111 17s. Od., Proceedings, £53 7s. 6d., and Elsdon
Register (balance), £21 11s. 6d. ; and the illustrations, £58 13s. Od. ;
Books bought cost, £33 14s. 2d. ; the Castle, £103 16s. 7d., and the
Blackgate, £32 12s. 3d.

Mr L. W. Adamson, LL.D., moved the adoption of the reports, which
Mr. T. Taylor, F.S.A., seconded.

The Noble President said ho would have had great pleasure in putting
the resolution, but for the fact that the report showed that their losses by
death during the year had been very great. Perhaps those present were
better acquainted with many of the deceased members than he was him-
self. But there was one he had known very well for a great number of
years, and to whom he could not help alluding. He referred to the late
Lord Ravensworth. He felt that the loss which the society had sus-
tained by Lord Ravens worth's death was shared by the whole of North-
umberland. There had never been a native of this county who more
thoroughly identified himself with all that interested the North, and no
one had brought more talent to bear upon the questions in which he
took an interest. Lord Ravensworth was, as stated in the report, very
intimately connected with the town of Newcastle, and no figure was more
familiar in its streets than his. But they claimed him, also, as a very
well known figure in the county. He combined qualities which were not
always found in combination — the qualities of very great power of
application and very great culture in certain directions ; and at the same
time he showed thorough sympathy with all that made country life, to
many of them, so agreeable. He was an ardent sportsman, and a
thoroughly congenial and cordial companion. The report was a very
interesting one. It showed that the society had kept up its old tradi-
tions in leading the way in antiquarian and archaeological studies in this
country, and that it stimulated the pursuit of those sciences in others
whilst operating itself in regard thereto. There was one matter which
was not mentioned in the report, and which he hoped would not be
forgotten — the pieservation of the county records. There were very
great difficulties in the way of securing the custody of those records,
which many of them thought was very desirable. If they came to him
as chairman of the County Council, and asked him to recommend
expenditure out of the county funds, he was afraid he would be one of
their strongest opponents. But, at the same time, he hoped something
might be done in the direction of securing and preserving the most
interesting of their public local records, and perhaps some of their
private tecords also, and placing them in some centre in the county,
where they would be accessible to those interested in consulting them,
and where they would be in perfectly safe custody. He trusted that
even if it could not be done at the present moment, the society would riot
lose sight of the matter, and would join in any action which might be
taken either in the way of further legislation or otherwise to secure what
he was sure was a very important object.

Ill

The report was adopted .

ELECTION OF COUNCIL, ETC.

The Noble Chairman then declared the following persons duly elected
to the respective offices in terms of Statute V. which sets forth * that if
the number of persons nominated for any office be the same as the
number to be elected, the person or persons nominated shall be deemed
elected, and shall be so declared by the chairman,' viz. : —

President : His Grace the Duke of Northumberland, K.G., F.S. A.

12 Vice- Presidents : Horatio Alfred Adamson, Robert Richardson
Dees, the Rev. William Greenwell, D.C.L., F.S.A., &c., John Vessey
Gregory, Thomas Hodgkin, D.C.L., F.S.A., &c., Charles James
Spence, Richard Welford, M.A., Thomas Taylor, F.S.A., Lawrence
W. Adamson, LL.D., Frederick Walter Dendy, Robert Coltman
Clephan, F.S. A., and John Crawford Hodgson, F.S. A.

2 Secretaries : Robert Blair, F.S. A., and Richard Oliver Heslop, M.A.,
F.S. A.

Treasurer : Robert Sinclair Nisbet.

Editor : Robert Blair.

Librarian : Charles Henry Blair.

2 Curators : Charles James Spence and Richard Oliver Heslop.

2 Auditors : John Martin Winter and Herbert Maxwell Wood, B.A.

12 Council : Rev. Cuthbert Edward Adamson, M.A., Rev. Johnson
Baily, M.A., Parker Brewis, Sidney Story Carr, David Dippie Dixon,
John Pattison Gibson, George Irving, William Henry Knowles,
F.S. A., Joseph Oswald, Rev. Henry Edwin Savage, M.A., William
Weaver Tomlinson, and Rev. John Walker, M.A.

ALTEKATION OF STATUTE.

Mr. Richard Welford, V.P., moved, in terms of his notice given at the
November meeting, " that that portion of Statute X, — which provides for
the issue to members of two illustrated parts of Archaeologia in the
months of January and June in each year, be rescinded ; and that
instead thereof the words ' a complete illustrated volume of Archaeo-
logia, bound in cloth or buckram, shall be issued to members in June of
each year.' "

The same having been seconded by Mr. R. C. Clephan, was carried
nem. con.

MISCELLANEA.

A short time ago a firm of ' monumental sculptors,' hailing from a
town in the south of Durham county, wrote thus to a country parson,
who as it happened is a vicar of a comparatively new church, and con-
sequently had neither an * old font ' nor ' old masonry ' under his charge :
' Rev. Sir, I am in want of an old Font, or any kind of old masonry
belonging to a church. I am prepared to give a good price for any-
thing suitable. I shall be glad to hear if you have, or know any one
having such.' It cannot be too often pointed out that parish ministers
have no right to part with the property of the parishioners, even though
the objects themselves cease to be of use. In one case quite recently
a fine cylindrical Norman font was turned out of a local church, to give
place to a sham Perpendicular one ; what has become of the former is
not known.

115

The following extract, referring to the ' committal ' of the ' Holy
Island Enclosure Bill,' is from the reports of the House of Commons of
20 April, 31 Geo. Ill [1791] :—

* The other Order of the Day being read, for the Second Reading of the
Bill for dividing, allotting, and inclosing, a certain Stinted Pasture,
Common, or Tract of Waste Land, within the Manor and Parish of Holy
Island, in the County Palatine of Durham, and for extinguishing the
Right of Common upon the ancient Infield Lands within the said Island ;

Ordered, That the said Bill be now read a Second Time.

And the House being informed that Counsel attended ;

A Motion was made, and the Question being put, That the Counsel be
now called in ;

The House divided.

The Noes went forth.

Tellers for the Yeas, {g ££+ White Ridley . } 12.

m n e xi TVT ("The Lord Fielding,} ,,
Tellers for the Noes, (Mr Lambton . + } 47.

So it passed in the Negative.

Then the said Bill was read a Second Time.

Resolved, That the Bill be committed to Mr. Milbanke, Mr. Grey, &c. :
And they are to meet this Afternoon, at Five of the Clock, in the
Speaker's Chamber ; and all who come to the Committee are to have
Voices.'

The two documents of local interest following, have been kindly
communicated by Sir Henry A. Ogle, bart. ' The original of the first
is in Latin, the parchment being 14 Jin. high and 10£in. wide. It is in
fine condition, except that one corner (low down) is torn off. The
whole is clearly and beautifully written' : —

(i) L.F.C. OB CAMPBELL CHARTER III. 14.

I, Roger, son of Roger Bertram of Mitford, have given &c., for me
and my heirs for ever to Sir Peter de Montfort (Monte forti) & his heirs
or assigns for their homage and service the whole town of Glanteley with
the appurtenances by those divisions, to wit, from the head of the hedge
as the way leads from Felton, &c. [in detail] To have and to hold to the
said Peter and his heirs or assigns, or to whomsoever he willeth to give,
sell or in any way assign without contradiction, freely, quietly &
entirely with all liberties, &c., to the said town appertaining Yielding
yearly one penny at Overlozars on Saint Michael's day for all customs,
<fcc., and suits of my Court of Midford. The said Peter his heirs or
assigns and his tenants shall be quit of suit of my mill at Felton and
repairs of the millpond and hedges of my parks & of pannage, &c.
The said Peter his heirs or assigns may have & hold the said town of
Glanteley with all liberties, &c., as freely and quietly as I Roger Ber-
tram, or my ancestors, have at any time held the said town of the king
Saving nevertheless to me my liberty of free forest. Estovers of woods
at Felton also granted to build, burn, enclose, &c. Warranty against
all men as well Christians as Jews. Witnesses : Sirs Roger de Merlay,
Roger Bertram of Bothal ; William Hayrun then sheriff of Northum-
berland, cfcc. [Seal gone.]

(ii) DE BANCO (339), TRINITY, 18 EDW. III.

Joh'es fil' Gilb'ti de Oggill p Ric'm de Boltofi att' suu pet' vrsus Edam
que f uit uxor Joh'is Crag' de Novo Castro super Tynam unum mesuagium
cum p'tin' in villa Novi Castri sup' Tynam ut jus &c. quod Will's de
dedit Gilb'to de Oggill in liberum maritagium cum Alicia fil'

116

Nich'i Wyght et quod post mortem prd'cor. Gilb'ti et Alicie p^fato Joh'i
fil' & heredi prd'cor Gilb'ti & Alicie descender e debet per formam
donac'o'is prd'ce &c. Et unde idem Joh'es dicit q'd prd'cus Will's dedit
prd'cm mesuagiii cum p'tin' prd'co Gilb'to in lib'm maritagiu cum prd'ca
Alicia p quod donu ijdem Gilb'tus & Alicia fuerunt inde seisiti in d'nico
suo ut de feodo & jure p formam &c. tempore pacis tempore E. Regis
patris d'ni Regis nunc capiendo inde explec' ad valenc' &c. Et de ipsis
Gilb'to & Alicia descend' jus p formam &c. isti Joh'i ut fil' & h'edi qui
nunc pet' Et quod &c. Et inde p'duc' sectam &c.

Et Eda p Joh'em de Matfen' att' suu ven' Et defend jus suum q'n &c.
Et dicit q'd prd'es Joh'es nichil jur' clam' potest in prd'co mes' p huius-
modi br'e &c., quia dicit q'd prd'cs Will's non dedit prd'cm mesuagiii
cum p'tin' pd'co Gilb'to in lib'm maritagiu cum prd'ca Alicia prout ipse
sup'ius p b're suu suppon' Immo idem Will's dedit pd'cm mesuagiu
cum p'tin' prd'co Gilb'to & h'edib. suis in feodo simplici Et hoc pet' q'd
inquiratr. p p'riam Et Joh' es similit' I's prec' est vie' q'd venire fac' hie
in octabis s'ci Martini xij, &c., p quos Et qui nee, &c., Ad recogn' &c.,
Quia tarn, &c.

The following local extracts are from the fourth volume of the
Catalogue of Ancient Deeds : —

[Scotland] A. 6148. Counterpart indenture between Sir William More,
lord of Abrecorn, knight, of Scotland, and William del Strothre, mayor
of Newcastle upon Tyne, witnessing that the said William del Strothre
has sold to the said Sir William, for 450?. to be paid as specified, the
marriage of Mary, daughter and heiress of Sir William de Duglas, late
lord of Liddesdale, ( Voile de Ledalle) which the said William had of the
grant of Sir John de Bukyngham, attorney of the earl of March. New-
castle-on-Tyne, 20 January, A. D. 1359. French. Seal of arms (Strothre}.
See A. 6866. [p. 3]

[N'th'd] A. 6257. Release by William Elmeden, knight, late receiver
general of the King's castle and lordship of Bamburgh, to the King, of
296?. 9s. Id. due on his account from 15 November, 7 Henry V., to
Michaelmas, 8 Henry VI. 21 November, 21 Henry VI. Seal of arms,
broken, [p. 17]

[Surrey] A. 6489. Demise by William de Ayremynne, clerk, attorney
of Dame Eleanor, late the wife of Sir Henry de Percy, to Sir Hugh le
Despenser, earl of Winchester, in the name of the said Dame Eleanor, of
a meadow, pasture, fishery and rent, and of all other lands and tene-
ments which she held by way of dower in Lameheth. Westminster,
18 April, 16. Edward II. Seal. [p. 45.]

[N'thl'd] A. 6804. Grant by John Colt of Hertwayton, to Alan son
of Robert Scot of Westhertwayton, for 10?. of a toft in Esther twayton in
the north part of Stodfald, and part of the grantor's messuage for making
Alan's garden when he wishes ; also part of a croft, and land in the same
town, part on Hyndesyde, adjoining the stream from Blindewell, and part
adjoining Orred croft ; the said Alan and his heirs to grind their corn at
the mill of Hertwayton without giving multure, &c. Witnesses : —
Robert de Camhou, Thomas de Fenwyk, Robert de Toggesden in
Westhertwayton, and others (named). Seal. [p. 84.]

[Scotland] A. 6866. Acquittance by William de le Strothir, mayor of
Newcastle upon Tyne, for 250Z. received by the hands of Sir William de
Calabre, chaplain, on behalf of his lord, Sir William More, knight, lord
of Abercorne, in part payment of 675 marks due by him on account
of the marriage of Mary de Dowglas. Last day of June, A.D. 1360.
Seal of arms. See A. 6148. [p. 91.]

*M H

5
•n

33
>

117

PROCEEDINGS

or THE

SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES

OF NEWCASTLE-TJPON-TYNE.

VOL. I. (3 Ser.) 1904. No. 15.

The ordinary monthly meeting of the society was held in the library of
the Castle, Newcastle, on Wednesday, the 24th February, 1904, at seven
o'clock in the evening, Mr. R. C. Clephan, one of the vice-presidents,
being in the chair.

Several accounts, recommended by the Council for payment, were
ordered to be paid.

The following ORDINARY MEMBERS were proposed and declared duly
elected : —

i. John Hobart Armstrong, Broomley Grange, Stocksfield.
ii. Thomas Bailes, 2 Fenwick Terrace, Newcastle,
iii. Henry Soden Bird, 2 Linden Terrace, Gosforth, Newcastle,
iv. Albert H. Higginbottom, Simmondley, Adderstone Crescent,
Jesmond, Newcastle.

The following NEW BOOKS, etc., were placed on the table : —
Exchanges : —

From the Numismatic Soc. of London : — The Numismatic Chronicle,
4 ser. vol. in, no. 12, 8vo.

From the Cambrian Archaeological Assoc. : — Archaeologia Cambrensis,
6 ser. iv, i, 8vo. [Included in the part is an interesting account
of the excavation of a number of hut-circles in the important
British settlement of Tre'r Ceiri ; many objects of interest were
found in these hut-circles, in one of them a gold plated fibula
similar in design to, but smaller than, that found at Aesica, see
Arch. Ael. xvn, xxviii, and xxiv, 25.]

From the Historisch-Philosophischen Vereins zu Heidelberg : — Neue
Heidelberger, xn, 2 ; 8vo.

Purchases : — The Registers of Boughton-under-Blean, co. Kent ; Jahr-
buch of the Imp. Germ. Arch. Inst., xvm, iv ; The English
Dialect Dictionary, parts xxi-xxm and xxiv ; The Ancestor,
no. 8, Jan. 1904 ; Pewter Plate, by H. J. L. Masse, M.A. ; Notes
and Queries, nos. 5-8 (10 ser.) ; Mr. D. D. Dixon's Upper
Coquetdale ; and Der Obergermanisch-Raetische Limes der Roemer-
reiches, lief, xx (Kastell Marienfels und Kastell Gross- Krotzenburg. )
[An interesting account will be found, in the last-named publica-
tion, of the discovery of a temple of Mithras, near Kastell Gross-
Krotzenburg, a large slab depicting the sun-god killing the bull,
with the attendant figures. An altar also was exhumed. The
discoveries may be compared with the similar ones made at House-
steads, and recounted in the recently issued part of the Arch. Ael.,
xxv. See reproduction of the slab on the opposite page.]

118

EXHIBITED : —

By Mr. T. J. Bell of Cleadon :—

i. A fine bronze looped celt purchased by him at Darlington. It is
4fin. long, by If in. wide at mouth and 2in. at cutting edge. To
half way down from the mouth on each side are three parallel
lines. This example is probably from the same hoard as those
supposed to have been found at Stanwick, of which illustrations
are given on plate facing p. 360, vol. x, of these Proceedings.
(The first illustration on the plate facing this page shews it.)
ii. A first brass coin of Clodius Albinus [A.D. 193-197], from the site
of the old bridge across the Tyne at Newcastle (see pp. 50 & 72) ;
though worn the coin is in a bright untarnished condition. It
bears on the obverse the inscription [D CLOD] SEPT ALBIN CAES,
and bare head to left ; and on the reverse : FORT [REDVCI
cos n], Fortune seated to left, holding in her right hand a rudder
on a globe, in left hand a cornucopia, under the chair a wheel ;
in exergue s c.

By Mr. M. H. Hodgson of South Shields : — A small brass coin of
Constans with reverse of two soldiers standing holding standards,
and the inscription GLORIA EXERCITVS.

By the Rev. A. McCullagh, St. Stephen's rectory, South Shields : — An
amphora handle and a fragment of Samian ware with letters
D....VS in a circle, the remains of the potter's stamp; both
were found in St. Stephen's churchyard, South Shields.

By Mr. Maberly Phillips, F.S.A. :— Photographs of four lidless
coffins found about 200 feet east of the Tower bridge southern
approach, and 20 feet south of Abbey Street, Bermondsey,
London, S.E. They were formed of blocks of chalk in which
were male skeletons in a good state of preservation. The burials
are supposed to date back to the eleventh century, and the
skeletons are probably the remains of abbots of Bermondsey
abbey. (See second illustration on plate facing this page of one
of them.)

By the Rev. Thomas Stephens, vicar of Horsley : — An admittance
on parchment of 26 Oct. 1708, to Tynemouth manor. The
following is a copy of the document : —

Cur vis. ffranc' pleg' cu' Cur' Baron' prnobil' d'ni Caroli
ducis de Som'sett Marchion' et Comit' de Hartford
vicecomit' Beauchampe de Hache Baron' Seymour de
Trowbridge Cancellar' Academ' Cantabrig' prnobil' Ordin' Garter'
mil' Equor' Magistr' Serenissimo Majestati et un' prfect illustrissimi
Consilij et prnobiP d'nse Elizabeth* ducissse de Somersett uxor ejus
Tent'apud Tynemouth p. Manerio prd' die martis (viz.) vicesimo
sexto die Octobris Anno RRae dnse nrae Annse Magnae Britanniae
ffranc' et Hibniae &c. Septimo Annoq' Dni 1708 cora' Will's
Loraine Ar. deputat' Will'i Coles Ar. Senesc. ib'm.
Ad hanc Curiam Comp'tum est p' Homagiu' quod Joh'es Selbey
Obijt Sei't' de et in vno Libr' Burgag' sive Tenement' vel Cottag'
cu' le Garth scituat' jacen' et existen' in Tynemouth prd Annual'
reddit' unius grani piperis et p ultima' voluntat' geren' dat' Decimo
Septimo die Decembr' Anno RRs Dni nri Will'i Tertij nunc Angl',
etc., Duodecimo Annoq' Dni Mill'imo Septingentesimo Dedit et
Devisavit Burgag' sive Cottag' et le Garth cu' p'tin' Cuid'm Mar-
garetae Selbey nup' de Novi Castr' sup' Tyna' vid' Hered' et assign'
suis imp'petuum' et sup' hoc in Ead'm Cur' venit prd Margareta

119

Selbey et petit se Admitti inde Ten't'm cui qused'm Margaretae d'n's
prd p' Senesc. suu' prd concesser' inde Sei'nam H'end' et Tene' sibi
et Heredib' suis sub usual' redd' et servit' dno et Hered' suis et
fecit fidelitat' Solvit' p. Relevio suo et Admissus est inde Tenens.

Ex p. Fra. Anderson, Cl'ic. Cur'.
[Endorsed ' Margt. Selby 6s. 8d. & a peppr Corne.'J

By Mr. H. A. Adamson, V.P., A Civil War letter of 17th December,
1642, relating to Newcastle.

[ Mr. Blair (one of the secretaries) read the following notes by Mr.
H. A. Adamson, V.P., on this letter: —

' A Great Discovery of the Queens preparation in Holland, to
assist the King in England. Also, how Her Majesty hath sent
Her Standard, with the rest of her Regiments over to Newcastle,
As it was sent in a Letter from Rotterdam, Dated Decemb. 16,
atilo novo,1 and directed to M. lohn Blackston, a Member of
the House of Commons.' This is the title of a letter which was
printed in London on Decemb, 17, 1642. The letter appears in the
Newcastle Reprints of Rare Tracts, printed by M. A. Richardson in
1843 and subsequent years (Historical I, No. 5). The editor suggested
that it should be read at a meeting of the members, and in compliance
with his wish it is now produced, so that it may may be printed in the
transactions of the society. The letter appeared during the period
covered by Gardiner's History of the Great Civil War, 1642-49, being
up to the execution of king Charles I on 30th January, 1649. The
queen of Charles I was Henrietta Maria, the youngest child of Henry IV
of France, who was married to the king in 1625, and being a Roman
Catholic refused to be crowned with him in Westminster abbey. The
Civil War broke out in August, 1642, when the king's standard was
raised at Nottingham. In February of that year the queen had gone
to Holland to raise money and men for the king. She was most active
in raising money to purchase arms, and in inducing officers and soldiers
of English birth to forsake the Dutch service for that of their native
prince. She met with many difficulties at the hands of parliament.
In October a vessel which she despatched was driven by stress of weather
into Yarmouth, where it was seized by order of parliament. Two ships
of war, the sole remains of the royal navy, which were intended to
escort across the North Sea a little fleet with munitions of war, were
surrendered to parliament by their own sailors.3 The letter from
Rotterdam is dated Decemb. 16, and apparently on the same day it
was ordered by the Lords and Commons assembled in parliament that
it should be forthwith printed and published, and it was printed on the
following day, Decemb. 17, 1642. These dates are explained by the
fact that in Holland the new style had been adopted, but it had not been
in England, so that time was 10 days later — but for the change in style
the letter from Holland would have been dated the 6th December. The
writer of the letter concealed his name. The letter is addressed to
Mr. John Blackstone, who was one of the representatives of Newcastle,
and was present at the king's trial when sentence of death was pro-
nounced. He was also one of the 59 persons who signed the warrant
for the execution of the king. He died in June, 1649. (See Welford's
Men of Mark, vol. 1, p. 334). In the letter are mentioned the follow-

i Stilo Novo. This style was introduced by Pope Gregory XIII. in 1582. In the
same year it was adopted in Holland and other continental Countries, but was not
adopted in England until 1751. At fiist the difference in time was 10 days, afterwards
it was 11 days, and since 1800 it has been 1? days.

2 Gardiner's Great Civil War, vol. 1, p. 42.

120

ing names : — M. Knolls, ' that Arch R. Capt. Archibald,' Colonel Goring,
M. Crofts, Mr. Slingsby, Capt. Bret, and Capt. Mackworth. When
Fairfax had 1,400 prisoners to discharge, Colonel Goring, who was
among them, is spoken of as the double Traitor Goring. He
was lord general of the king's horse — a royalist partisan who
betrayed the army plot to Pym. In the Letters of Queen Henrietta
Maria, edited by Mary A. E. Green, and published in 1857,
Slingsby is mentioned. It is probable he was Sir Henry Slingsby
of Scriven, in the county of York, who represented Knaresborough
in the Long Parliament, and followed the king to York. He fought
at Marston Moor, Naseby, and in other battles, in the royalist ranks,
In 1656 he entered into negotiations with officers of the garrison
of Hull for surrendering it to the royalists. He was tried and
sentenced to be beheaded. His execution took place 8th June, 1658.
Whether the queen was able to send off to Newcastle the 400 officers
and old soldiers and 400 horse mentioned in the letter, and the
160,OOOZ. sterling I do not know. There is no mention of the
circumstance in her letters.3 On the 2nd February following
she set sail in person for the Yorkshire coast. Arms as occasion
served she had despatched to the army in Newcastle from time to
time, together with a large sum of money obtained by selling or
pawning jewels, a sum which contemporary rumour, with probable
exaggeration, reckoned at £2,000,000. This time, however, a fierce
storm swept over the North Sea, and for nine days the queen, with her
precious cargo, lay tossing on the waves. She never lost the high spirits
which accompanied her in every position in which she was placed, and
she laughed heartily as her attendant ladies were driven by the
howling of the wind and the creaking of the timbers, to shout out, in
confession to her chaplain, a catalogue of sins which was never meant
to reach the ears of their mistress. ' Comfort yourselves, my dears,'
she said, in unconscious imitation of the Red King, ' Queens of England
are never drowned.' She landed at Bridlington and met Charles at
Edgehill. On the 3rd of April in the next year they separated at
Abingdon, never to meet again. At Exeter on the 16th June she gare
birth to a daughter, and a fortnight later she had to fly to France to
escape the merciless treatment of the parliamentarians. She visited
England twice after the Restoration, and died 31st August, 1669, in
Paris.

The following is a reprint of the letter ; a reproduction of the title
page is given on the opposite page : —

• Worthy Sir,

My last unto you was of the twelfth present, which I sent by Ship ;
and fearing least that may be long before it come to your hands, I
thought fit to write unto you now by Post ; and it is to advise you
that there come hither frequently good and lusty ships from New-
castle, which are sent hither by the Merchants of that Town, for the
service of the Queen : And there is continuall transportation of
great store of Men, Money, and Ammunition, over in them. There
came hither about 14 daies since M. Knolls, and that arch R. Capt.
Archibald, who is very diligent and notorious in his service, for the
betraying of his Countrey, and for that hath of late had that honour
conferred upon him to be made a Captaine, and is about three daies
since gon from hence with his ship laden with Men, Money and
Ammunition for Newcastle. I heare that M. Knolls brought over

» Gardiner's Great Civil War, Vol. 1, p. 108.

A GREAT

jDISCOVERY

OF THE

J Q u B E N s preparation in Holland, k

to aflift the KING in Englwd. ?

«g Alfo, how Her 'Majefty hath fent Her
dard, with the reft of>her Regiments over

< As it was fent in a Letter from "Rot- f*

*§ f erdatfy Da ted Decewb. 1 6 .ft do novo^z n d §*
dirt fted to M. lokn vLckfton a Member of >

the Houfc ot ' Common r.

Dte Veileris ! 6 Decemb. 1 642 .
/^NRWererf ^y ffce L(?r^ and Commons a^nt'^^
\^Jbkd in Parliament ; thafthis Letter flail be I*
5 forthwith printed and publijlect. ^

I.Brown Cler.Parliamentorum.

LONDON,

Printed for J^Wright in the Old-bay ly,
Decemb.ij. 1642.

122

Letters from his Majesty, that hath been the occasion of the Queens
stay here, which all that be well affected are very sorry for ; who
had rather she were elsewhere. Upon the receipt of which Letters
from His Majesty, I heare that the Queen the next day sent M.
Jermin to the States Generall, to acquaint them therewith, and that
His Majesty advised the Queen to stay here for some time longer ;
and that, because His Majesty was upon a treaty of Accommoda-
tion, and doubted not but that in short time he should make all
hings well ; and that, therefore, the Queen gave the thanks for
those ships that had a long time waited upon her service, and
desired that they might now be discharged, which was done ac-
cordingly ; yet notwithstanding Her Majesties Agents labour here
exceedingly in sending away Men, Money, Horse and Ammunition
unto Newcastle for the advancing of Her Majesties Army in those
parts. Upon thursday last T was at the Hague, and there saw
Her Majesties Standard, which was just then going away, to be
sent to Newcastle ; and yesterday was seven night, T heard that
Colonel Goring and M. Crofts, and M. Slingsby, and Capt. Bret, and
Capt. Mackworth, and divers other Cavaliers went to Amsterdam,
to take ship there, to go for England with all speed, and it is thought
Tor Newcastle ; and that Col. Goring is to be Lord General of the
King's Horse. I heare likewise that there is more going away from
thence to Newcastle, 400 Officers and old Souldiers, and 400 Horse,
and 1,000 more are to follow, which are Her Majesties Regiment,
and should have been a guard to Her person if she had gon on. The
Prince of Orange I heare suffers all his Officers to goe, that will,
onely under this colour, that as many as goe hence, shall be con-
strained ; although he can give them greater honour as he pleaseth,
and they expect, for so good service, if they do return. It is very
credibly reported here, that there is now sending away with all
speed to Newcastle 1 60,000 pouud sterling, which I am very credibly
informed by some Dutch men, is by way of loane raised by the
Papists in these parts (which are not few) for the Queen. And
that the Prince of Orange is engaged for the payment of it, which
are most horrible things. Therefore I can do no lesse in conscience
to God and his cause, and in duty and love unto the Kingdom and
Parliament, (hearing and seeing these things), then give you notice
of it, who are a member of that Honorable House, which I
shall desire you (if you shall think fit) to Communicate unto the
House ; but shall intreat you to doe me the like favour you have
done, in concealing of my name. Thus desiring the Lord to bo
with you, and to blesse and prosper your proceedings, and the
whole House, with the tender of my service, and best respects unto
you, I humbly take my leave, and rest

Yours, to love and serve you in the Lord.

There are two Newcastle Ships here, ready to go with the first faire
Wind, laden as is before mentioned ; and also three great fDuteh
Hoyes laden with f Field-pieces and carriages, and many Holland
Waggons, which are made strong and large, and covered over head,
such as usually attend the leaguer.

To his much Honoured friend, JOHN BLACKSTONE Esquire, a
Member of the House of Commons in the Honourable House of
Parliament, present these.

FINIS.' "
Thanks were voted for these exhibits and notes.

123

ANCIENT PIERCEBRIDGE

Mr. Blair (one of the secretaries) read the following paper by Mr. E.
Wooler of Darlington : —

" Pierce bridge is said by some old writers to be the Roman MAGIS,
which was garrisoned by the Pacenses of Lusitania — the ancient
name of Portugal, and some adjacent territory. Some 233 yards to
the east of the station the Roman military way entered the county
palatine of Durham from CATARACTONIUM (Catteriek) and passed
.on to VINO VIA (Binchester). The station contained lOf acres within
its walls, being 610 feet wide and 765 feet in length — an unusually large
size for a Roman station. Possibly this was due to the existence of
the large British camp at Stanwick^ with which I deal somewhat fully
hereafter. The Roman camp was erected on a neck of land formed by
the junction of two streams forming Carl bury beck which flowed from
the north west into the river Tees and divided the townships of Pierce-
bridge and Carlbury. This stream undoubtedly supplied the garrison
and the fosse of the fortress with water, as well as a bath which was 180
feet from the east rampart and 225 from the south rampart. In 1730
an aqueduct a yard wide and a yard and a quarter deep was discovered
on the road adjoining Carlbury beck. Tho Roman road did not pass
through the station but in very dry weather it is said its track
may bo seen across the field known as the 'Tofts.' The enclosure
of the station is still distinctly visible, the north-west corner being
almost perfect and the fosse easily traceable. A part of the west wall
remained until the year 1822 when it was demolished by the
occupant, Mr. James O'Callaghan, M.P. for Winchelsea. Tho farm is
now in the occupation of Mr. Pierson Cathrick. The stones, many of
which were of large size and oblong in shape were used in the erection of
the farm buildings, with the exception of a few which retained fragments
of inscriptions. I have repeatedly endeavoured to find out what became
of these, but unfortunately without result 4

Crossing the Tees was a Roman bridge which was in the direct line
of the road, and was not diverted, as it now is, through the village, but
wont straight on over what was until quite recently Carlbury mill-dam,
This bridge is said to have been constructed of stone piers with, in all
probability, a wooden platform like the Roman bridge at CILURNU?.! so
as to be easily demolished in case of danger. Prior to the great flood
of the 16th and 17th November, 1771 — which by the way, rose to a
height of 20 feet — the foundations of the Roman bridge were visible,
but they were torn up and washed away on that memorable occasion.
Last summer Mr. W. W. Tomlinson and myself made diligent search
for Roman stones in the dam, but were unable to find any. This phenom-
enal flood carried away practically all the bridges across the Tyne, the
Wear, and the Tees. The bridge at Piercebridge was carried away by
this flood and appears to have remained down from 1771 to 1798,
because I find, on searching the records in the office of the clerk of the
peace for the North Riding, that on the llth July, 1797, the justices of
that riding ordered that the inhabitants of Durham county be
indicted for the non-repair of the Durham portion of the bridge at the
ensuing assizes, and on the 12th January, 1 79^, the North Riding justices
ordered the treasurer of the riding to pay the clerk of the peace £35 for
attending at Durham assizes for the purpose of indicting the inhabitants
of Durham. Shortly afterwards there was a payment of 1300Z. ordered

* Those interested in Roman stations in England should read Mr. Bosanquet's de-
scription of Housesteads in the recently issued part of the Arch. Aeliana (xxv, ii).

124

to be made for restoring the Yorkshire half of the bridge. Unfortun-
ately the Durham records are not indexed, but I find that at the
Durham quarter sessions on the 4th October, 1797, there is the following
minute respecting Piercebridge, ' Ordeied that this bridge, so much as
belongs to the County of Durham, be widened and repaired conformable
to the plan drawn by Mr Eldon, Surveyor, and in conformity with the
part to be repaired by the North Riding of the County of York.'

In descending the hill, on the
south side of the river, on the mili-
tary way towards Piercebridge, at
the point where the road branches
off to Cliffe hall, a Roman memorial
stone was found in 1844 recording

AVRELIA FADII.LA CONJVGI FAC1EN-

DVM CVBAVIT, i.e. fAurelia Fadilla
took care that this stone should be
erected in memory of her deceased
husband.5 The person to" whom the
stone was erected was no doubt a
Roman soldier, in all probability a
general officer. The Roman places
for burial were either private or
public, the private in fields or gar-
dens, usually near the highway to
be conspicuous and to remind those
who passed of mortality, hence the
frequent inscriptions, Siste viator,
Aspice viator, etc.

At Piercebridge from time to time
large numbers of Roman coins have
been found, and as recently as last
year (1903) Mr. Priestman Gordon,
whilst digging in his garden near
the present bridge, and on the site
of the chantry chapel, hereafter
referred to, turned up a couple of
Roman coins in excellent preserva-
tion. One of the coins was of copper
and of Tetricus the elder ; the other
was a denarius and bore on the
obverse the inscription c VALENS
HOST MES QVINTVS N c, and on
the reverse PIETAS AVGVS(TORUM).
Shortly after this there came into
my possession, very fortuitously,
fourteen other coins which had been dug up at Piercebridge, and which,
commencing at or about A.D. 55, ended about A.D. 251. The first was
a copper coin of Nero, with a characteristic profile of that emperor
turned to the right on the obverse, and on the reverse the figure of Ceres.
Other coins were of Domitian, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, Marcus
Aurelius and Septimius Severus, and were, on the whole, in a remark-
ably good state of preservation. This month (January, 1904) I have
acquired three other copper coins, which were turned up in one of the
allotment gardens between Carlbury beck and Piercebridge railway

5 See second illustration on plate facing p. 117.

FIGUKE OF MEKCUKY (See

125

station. The first is a copper coin of Tetricus the elder (267-273), the
second of Valerian (253-263), and the third of Allectus ; this is of special
interest as it was struck in London between A.D. 293 and 296.

To revert for a moment to the subject of the coins found, I may
mention that on the 6th April, 1853, a beautiful gold coin was unearthed
bearing on the obverse the inscription^iMP TBAIANO AVG GEB DAC P M
TB P, and on the reverse cos v PP s P Q B OPTIMO PBINC

Numerous
pieces of Sa-
mian ware, with
its beautiful
glaze, have been
found at Fierce-
bridge, as well
as plain ware of
an earlier date.
Some little time
ago I exhibited
to the society a
small vase of
the latter class
of ware, which
is of very good
design. The an-
nexed illustra-
tion shews it.
A small bronze
statue of Mer-
cury of elegant
workmanship,
reproduced on
p. 124 from an

engraving in Archaeologia (ix, 289), was discovered at Piercebridge
about the year 1788 ; in its present condition it measures 4J inches in
length ; it was originally something longer, but the feet with the
pedestal on which it stood and the caduceus are unfortunately missing.
Cade, who had the figure in his possession in December of that year,
was inclined to think it belonged to some temple dedicated to the
god Mercury.

An altar was found at Piercebridge inscribed D.M CONDATI ATTONIVS

QVINTIANVS MEN EX CO IMP EX IVSSO LIBENS LAETVS ANIMO.

Attonius Quintianus, the name of the person who erected the altar, was
a mensor or measurer.

The neighbourhood has yielded seven or eight other inscribed or
sculptured stones which belong to the station, and among them the
following: the first three, found in 1864, were presented to the Durham
cathedral library in 1896 by the kindness of the vicar of Gainford (the
Rev. A. W. Headlam) and of the churchwardens.

1. An altar cut into a semi-circular shape for use in the Early English
pier of the chancel arch of the church of Gainford ; its diameter is 32
inches. On the right side — the only one preserved — is an eagle. The
inscription informs us that Julius Valentinus erected this altar to
Jupiter Dolichenus by command of the deity. The last line is very
obscure ; none of the suggestions hitherto made fits the traces of let-
tering.6 The woodcut on p. 126 represents it.

9 See Lapid. Sept. No. 728.

126

2. A fragment, 8| inches high
13£ inches long, inscribed to
the sixth Legion named the
Victorious. This legion, station-
ed at York, was apparently
employed in building or restoring
the station at Piercebridge, and
this stone is a relic of its
presence.7

3. A fragment of (probably) a funeral relief, 12" by 17" and 8" thick,
representing a man holding in his right hand a rabbit (?) by its hind
legs. Over his right shoulder is something like a horse's head. The
left side is broken. An illustration of this is given on p. 7 of the
Catalogue of Sculptured and Inscribed Stones in the Cathedral Library,
Durham.

v See Lapid. Sept. No. 729.

127

. Tofts
ch

Piercebridge ^a\V

PLAN OF PIERCEBRIDGE, SHEWING SITE OF ROMAN CAMP.

128

4. This inscription, 2' 6" long by 1' wide, is nowjm the Blackgate
museum, Newcastle : — 8

Still another remarkable find was made at the end of December, 1903,
by Mr. Pierson Cathrick of Piercebridge, who, while cutting a
drain, came across a coffin evidently of great antiquity. The coffin
was discovered about 100 yards due west of the west gate of the Roman
station. It was formed of slabs of stone. On removing the cover the
remains of a man were exposed, probably of one of the garrison
at the Roman station of Piercebridge. The greater portion of the
skeleton was exceedingly friable, but some parts, especially the
skull and thigh bone, were in a good state of preservation owing
to water containing iron having percolated through the cover of
the coffin and acted as a preservative. The thigh bone measures
18 inches in length, showing that the man must have been
6 feet high. The skull was 21 inches in circumference and 7£ inches
long, and showed a low frontal development, indicating that the man
was not of very high intelligence. The extreme breadth was 5 inches,
vertical height 5| inches, minimum frontal width 3f inches, maximum
frontal width 4|, and the maximum occipital width 4£ inches. From
the appearance of the thigh bone, too, it would seem that he was not an
exceptionally muscular man. The coffin was composed of roughly-
hewn slabs, some of which were of red sandstone, and appear to have
been obtained at Croft. It may be of interest if I mention that at
intervals several rough stone coffins have been seen projecting from the
north bank of the river Tees, as the earth was washed away by the
action of the water.

In the year 1818 a massive thumb ring of pure gold was found which
weighed 182 grains, and which, until comparatively recently, was in the
possession of the late duke of Cleveland. At my request Lord Barnard,
the duke's successor, has kindly made enquiries as to the present
whereabouts of this ring, but unfortunately it cannot be traced.
The hoop of this ring was wrought by the hammer and was joined by
welding the extremities. To it was affixed an oval facet which was
engraved in intaglio ; the device, though somewhat defaced, being of
two human heads — male and female — -facing each other. This is not
the only example of the kind found in England, for the same subject
appears on a ring of the Roman period found on Stainmore common in
1781, and mentioned in Gough's Camden, p. 120, and also on a red
jasper intaglio from the camp at South Shields, now in the possession of
Mr. Blair.9 The same idea occurs in medieval seals, the heads being

fi See Lapid. Sept, No. 726.
9 See Arch. Ael X, 266.

139

usually accompanied by the motto * Love me andyi thee.' And
Galeotti, in his curious illustrations of the Gemmae Antiquae Litteratae,
in the collection of Ficoroni gives an intaglio engraved with the
words ' Amo te ama me.'

It is extremely interesting to speculate why the Roman road ran in
the direction it did, and why the stations at Catterick and Piercebridge
were formed. I have no doubt in my mind that the road was originally
made for the purpose of attacking the Brigantes in the huge British
camp at Stanwick. This camp, which comprises within its enclosure
750 acres, is well worthy of a visit by the members of the society. The
ramparts are in places in a splendid state of preservation, being no less
than 15 feet high in some parts. In speculating why the Brigantes
entrenched themselves here, I have come to the conclusion that they did
so on account of the proximity of the copper mines at Melsonby and the
neighbourhood — mines which were worked until a comparatively recent
period — copper being essential to the manufacture of their bronze tools
and weapons. The tin necessary for the alloy would probably be
brought from Cornwall. Many years ago Algernon, duke of Northum-
berland presented to the British Museum a number of most interesting
relics of Celtic date found within these entrenchments. They consisted
of bronze ornaments, of horse furniture, bits, ornamented rings of
various sizes, a long iron sword in a bronze sheath curiously ornamented,
portions of iron chain mail, handles, and cross-guards of daggers, some
fragments of gold, and objects both of light-coloured mixed metal and
bronze hammered up, some of them representing horses heads. Some
of these curious remains exhibit traces of enamelled work. At a spot
adjacent to that where these articles were found, large iron hoops
conjectured to have been the tires of chariot wheels, have been dis-
covered. From the camp at Stanwick ran the ' Scots Dyke,' a stupen-
dous work which it is believed was carried out in a vain attempt to repel
the Roman invasion. This Ancient British rampart enters Northumber-
land a little to the west of Peel Fell and runs the whole length of that
county. It is supposed to have extended through Durham to the south
of Yorkshire, but there are, beyond all doubt, traces of it now existing
as far as the Swale, half a mile south of Richmond. Next to the
Roman Wall I regard the locality of Stanwick as probably the most
interesting to antiquaries in Britain on account of the unparalleled size
and comparatively perfect condition of the camp at the present day.

Reverting to the Roman road it is most interesting to trace another
portion which branched off to the south of the Stanwick camp, and
passing from ' Scotch Corner ' proceeded to Carlisle, another Roman
station being formed at Gretabridge, near Barnardcastle. It would
appear as though the Romans had attacked the Brigantes at two points,
the east, and the south — which caused this road to be made to Carlisle.
The Brigantes were probably allowed to remain in this camp at Stan-
wick because it is recorded that they rose in insurrection. The stations
at Piercebridge, Catterick, and Gretabridge, were evidently formed
to overawe and keep them in subjection. Dr. Hooppell had a theory
that the Romans advanced northwards by Middleton St. George and
Sadberge, but I do not think this can be correct, because the Romans
would not be likely to press forward and leave such a large and formid-
able entrenched camp as that of Stanwick in their rear. I think the
fact that the camp was early British is placed beyond doubt by the
numerous finds which have been made there (some of which I have
previously described in these proceedings) such as bronze celts, and a
quern, and the gifts of the duke of Northumberland to the British

130

Museum. In Cliffe park, near Piercebridge, are two barrows which
undoubtedly belong to the bronze age, and I think it is more than
probable that some of the Britons from the Stanwick camp were
interred there. At the beginning of this year Mr. Murrough Wilson, the
lord of the manor of Manfield, partially opened one of these barrows, and
the fact that a quantity of charcoal was found near the base of the
tumulus and running into an evidently artificial deposit of sand in a hole
in the earth below the natural level of the surrounding land would
indicate that the chieftain's remains had been cremated. At the time of
writing this paper (February 12th) the investigations had not been
completed.

To return to the Roman Station at Piercebridge I think it highly
probable that there was a temple at the south-east corner of the station,
and that on its site in later times was erected a chantry chapel.
However that may be, I find that John Baliol. father of John Baliol,
king of Scotland, and a descendant of the daughter of David, earl of
Huntingdon, a brother of William the Lion, was a most powerful baron
in the north of England in the thirteenth century. His family founded
the chantry chapel adjoining the bridge at Piercebridge. He charged
the lands at Piercebridge with corn rents, which are still collected by
my firm. The priests were in the habit of praying for travellers and
receiving gifts. At the dissolution of monasteries the chantry rent was
purchased by Morris & Phillips of London, and sold by them to Viscount
Campden, who presented the rents to the living of Whitwell, in Rutland.
This chantry chapel is mentioned in 1315 on an inquisition of the
property of Guy earl of Warwick. In an inquisition taken on the for-
feiture of Thomas, earl of Warwick, in 1397, mention is also made of the
advowson of the church at Piercebridge ; and in another inquisition it is
described as the free chapel of Piercebridge. A survey was made in the
second year of the reign of Edward VI. which described the chantry as
having been granted for the tenure of the life of the incumbent Peter
Carter of the age of 50 years. The yearly value was then 104s. 4d There
was no plate, but there was one chalice of silver weighing 5 ounces.
Neither was there any lead, but there was one bell weighing by esti-
mation 161bs. The commissioners on that occasion were Sir Thomas
Hylton and Sir Robert Brandling, knights, and Robert Morrell and
Henry White. All that is left of this chantry chapel is the south door-
way, shewn in the first illustration on the plate facing this page.

This paper would not, I think, be complete, without mentioning that
on the 1st December, 1642, the earl of Newcastle, being upon his march
from Newcastle to York, with a considerable royalist army, met, when
he had advanced as far as Piercebridge, a party of lord Fairfax's horse,
commanded by captain Hotham. The latter disputed the passage of
the Tees with the earl for several hours, having but two small pieces of
ordnance with them. The earl of Newcastle finally overpowered lord
Fairfax's forces with great carnage, whereupon captain Hotham and the
force with him retreated towards lord Fairfax's head- quarters at Tad-
caster. In this engagement colonel Sir Thomas Howard (youngest son
of lord William Howard), and several other gentlemen under the
command of the earl of Newcastle, were slain. There is a monument to
Sir Thomas Howard of Tursdale, county palatine, knight, the seventh
son of ' Belted Will,' in Wetheral churchyard, Cumberland. On it is
the inscription ' Sacred to the memory of Colonel Thomas Howard, son
of Lord William Howard, who died valiantly fighting in the cause of his
king and country at Piercebridge, December 2nd, 1642.' Colonel
Thomas Howard was buried at High Coniscliffe, in which parish the
family had extensive estates until quite recently. In the register of

Proc. Sac. Antiq. Newc.
3 Ser. I.

To face pajje 130.

CROSS AT Cl.IHFE HALL. See page 131

SOUTH DOOR OF CHANTRY CHAPEL, PIERCEBRIOGE. See opposite page.

131

burials at High Coniscliffe I find the foilowing entry, 'Sir Thomas
Howard collenoll buried aet 36 the 2nd of Dscember 1642.' The earl of
Newcastle marched towards York, and had his commission enlarged,
in consequence of this achievement, to commander-in-chief in Yorkshire
and other southern counties, as well as in the rest of the northern
counties. In this engagement the royalists erected a battery on
Carlbury hill, and the parliamentarians placed theirs on the opposite
bank of the river. Cannon balls, human bones, and even entire skeletons,
have occasionally been found on the banks of the river overhanging the
road near the scene of the action. In Cliffe woods close to the bridge
there is an earthwork which appears to have been erected to defend the
passage of the bridge. There is also an old and curious cross on the
west of the carriage drive leading to Cliffe hall, but I have not been able
to make out what it is.10 It may mark the burial place of some of the
cavaliers or roundheads engaged in the action. Piercebridge is in the
parish of Gainford, and on the road to Gainford there used to be a
cross which gave the name to a farm called ' White Cross.' Upon this
cross it was the custom to rest the coffin of any deceased person when
being taken to Gainford for interment. The cross, however has long
since disappeared, and though I have made most diligent search for it
I have met with no success.

In conclusion may I say that I have been extremely anxious to
collect all the information available relating to Piercebridge, and if any
of tho members of the society can assist me to increase my knowledge
of this most interesting locality I shall indeed be very grateful."

Thanks were voted to Mr. Wooler.

NOTE ON A ROMAN ROAD NORTH OF BERWICK.

Mr. Hugh W. Young, F.S.A. Scot., writes thus: —

" I would like to call the attention of your Society at Newcastle to a
road between Eyemouth and Coldingham, a good section being on the
farm of Halydown. I believe it runs pretty close to the sea on the top of
the cliffs, and is still used to the extent of being a right of way. The
present owner of the farm writes me as follows : — ' The former proprietor
of Halydown, an Edinburgh advocate with antiquarian tastes, always
regarded the road in question as being of Roman construction, but the
only way to settle the matter is to dig.' I might here offer the opinion
that this is a continuation north of Berwick-on-Tweed, of the east branch
of the Watling Street, which we know ran to Berwick ; and this may be
the continuation of the same to its terminus at Inveresk where the
well-known ' Fishwives Causey ' carried it farther along on the way
to Cramond."

BRANDON CHAPEL, NORTHUMBERLAND.

Mr. Blair read the following note by Mr. Algernon Gissing of Keswick,
Cumberland : —

" The plan on the other side has been made by Mr. J. S. Anderson,
schoolmaster at Branton, who professes no antiquarian or ecclesio-
logical knowledge, but who has most kindly taken a good deal of
trouble in watching the excavations. He writes ' I herewith send you
the plan of the chapel, so far as the foundations now laid bare assist me.
There are some things in the east end not easy for me to understand. I
mentioned in my former letter that the thickness of the walls slightly
varied from 27in. to 30in. It is almost impossible for me to be exact in
that respect in plan, so I have made them uniformly 27in., except the

10 See second illustration on plate facing p. 130.

132

buttress and some walls in the east end. There is only one stone up to
the present which has any pretensions to carving — which I am sketching.
No flooring has yet appeared, but they have as yet dug very little inside
the walls. From the doorway there are three steps visible, leading
down probably, I think, to vaults. I have seen similar ones in other old
churches. The two places at the east end rather baffle me. There
seems to be a wall right across the first, and a step in the centre. There
seems to have been an arch just before this, or they may have been
pillars. I should think there has been no wall between the east end
places, as there are just some stones in the centre, favouring the idea of
arches. The labourers have been again stopped more than a week, but
I believe they are to contimie shortly.

PLA N Of CHAPEL
BRA/MDON

The following is the number of burials entered in Eglingham parish
register as made at Brandon chapel : —

1678
1679
1680
1681
1682
1683
1684
1685
1686
1687
1688
1689

4
6
4
9
11
8
1
6
5
3
0
2

1690
1692
1693
1694
1695
1697
1698
1699
1700
1702
1711

Thanks were voted for these notes.

1722
1744
1776
1780
1782
1788
1790
1791
1795
1810
1811

ADDITION.

The small tankard exhibited at the January meeting (p. 108) by Mr.
T. Taylor, F.S.A., was made by Eli Bilton, the well-known silversmith
of Newcastle. It bears the year mark of that town for 1705.

133

PROCEEDINGS

or THE

SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES

OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE.
VOL. I. (3 Ser.) 1904. No. 16.

The ordinary monthly meeting of the society was held in the lecture
room of the Literary and Philosophical Society of Newcastle, by the
kind permission of that society, on Wednesday, the 30th day of March,
1904, at seven o'clock in the evening, Mr. Rich. Welford, M.A., one
of the vice-presidents, being in the chair.

Mr. J. P. Gibson of Hexham, gave an address on the excavations
in the Roman camp at

HOUSESTEADS (Borcomcus).

I He exhibited a fine series of eighty lime-light illustrations. Most of
the lantern slides had been specially made for the lecture of which an
abstract will be given later.

Mr. Gibson was heartily thanked for his lecture.

MISCELLANEA.

Included in the Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of London,
2 ser. xix, ii, (Nov. 27, 1902, to June 18, 1903), 8vo., are notes by
the Rev. J. T. Fowler of Durham, on the discovery of an ancient fire-
place ' in the west wall of the south transept of Durham Cathedral, near
the south-west corner,' of which plan, elevation and section are given.
The assistant-secretary (Mr. St. John Hope) referred to a similar fireplace
at the east end of the vestry at Hume priory (a description of this is given
on p. 184). These fireplaces are supposed to have been for the purpose
of baking wafer bread. At page 264 of the same publication there is a
note, by Mr. John Bilson of Hull, of the discovery in the east end of
St. Mary's abbey, York, during excavations there, of the inscribed slab
of William Sever, at one time abbot, and afterwards bishop of Durham,
who died 14 May, 1505. At the meeting of the society on 12 Feb.,
1903 (p. 224), the cheek-piece of a Roman helmet in embossed copper
was exhibited. It was discovered near South Collington, Notts, and
bears the figure of a woman standing by a horse. This may be com-
pared with the device on another cheek-piece discovered in the Tyne,
and noted in Arch. Ael. x, 263. In the latter case the design is punc-
tured not embossed.

134

The following local notes are from the Calendar of State Papers
Ireland. Adventurers, 1642-1659 : —

1642. 15 April, 19 July. Two receipts by the Treasurers under the
arrangement between the King and Parliament, in all for £300, from
John Blakestone, of Newcastle upon Tyne, M.P. P. * each. Endd.
Ibid. IQand 17.

1647. 20 Dec. Receipt by the Treasurers of Nov. 1647, for £300
from same. P. |. Endd. Ibid. 18.

164g. 15 Jan. Receipt by the same for £150, from Alderman Thos.
Andrewes, being one-fourth of the sum formerly adventured by Blake-
stone, as above. P. f . Endd. Ibid. 19.

1652. 23 April. Indenture made between Susanna Blackiston,
widow and executrix of the late John Blackiston of Newton, Durham,
and John, son and heir of the said Blackiston, of the one part, and Thos.
Andrewes and Stephen Estwick, Aldermen of London, creditors of the
said late John and trustees for his other creditors who are named in the
Schedule hereto.

Susanna Blackiston and John Blackiston, junr. assign the share of
£750 of their late father and husband to Andrewes and Estwick, in part
payment of the debt owed by the late John to Estwick, Andrewes and
those for whom they are trusted. P. f (large parchment. ) Signed by the
assignors before witnesses. Endd. Ibid. 21.

1652. Schedule to foregoing. Showing the amounts owed by the
late John Blackiston to Philip, Lord Wharton ; Thomas Atkins and
John Dethicke, aldermen ; Thos. Andrewes, alderman, and Thos.
Vincent ; Stephen Estwick, alderman, and Saml. Lee ; Col. Thos.
Player, John Lamott, Esq., and partners, Abraham Chambers, Esq.,

executor of the will of Monox, widow, deceased ; Robert

Sweet ; George Prowse and Arthur Wroth, executors of Martin Pindar,
deceased ; Nathaniel Cock, Rowland Witherington. P. 1 (parchment).
S.P. Ireland, 291, 20. [p. 76]

165f. 19 Feb. Assigning £25, part of the share of £50 assigned to
him by foregoing [John Gillingham of Winburne [Wimborne] in Dorset
cordwainer] to Gilbert Marshall, of Houghall, in Durham. P. f.
Signed, <kc., before witnesses. Endd. Ibid. 104. [p. 339-1

WINTER'S STOB' AND BASE OF ANCIENT CROSS ON MOORS s. OF ELSDON,

Proc. Soc. Antiq. Xewc., 3;Ser. I.

To face page 135.

1.— IN THE CLOSE.

7.— BLACK GATE.
I. VIEWS IN OLD NEWCASTLE. See pages 136-138.

135

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES

OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE.

VOL. I. (3 Ser.) 1904. No. 17.

The ordinary monthly meeting of the society was held in the library
of the Castle, Newcastle, on Wednesday, the 27th April, 1904, at seven
o'clock in the evening, Mr. R. Coltman Clephan, F.S.A., one of the
vice-presidents, being in the chair.

Several accounts recommended by the Council for payment, were
ordered to be paid.

The following ORDINARY MEMBERS were proposed and declared duly
elected : —

i. Frank Edward MacFadyen, 24 Grosvenor Place, Jesmond,

Newcastle.

ii. Mrs. Mitchell of Jesmond Towers, Newcastle,
iii. George Davison Reid, 64 Lovaine Place, Newcastle,
iv. G. Grey Turner, F.R.C.S., 31 Oxford Street, Newcastle.

The following NEW BOOKS, &c., were placed on the table : —
Presents : —
The following were announced, and thanks voted to the donors : —

From the Cumberland & Westmorland Antiquarian & Archaeological
Society : — Transactions, xiv, ii, 8vo.

From the Hon. Mr. Justice Bruce : — Lectures on Old Newcastle, by the

late Dr. Bruce, 8vo. cloth.
Exchanges : —

From the Cumberland & Westmorland Antiquarian & Archaeological
Society : — Transactions, new ser. iv, 8vo. cl.

From the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland : — Proceedings, xxxvii
(4 ser. i), 1902-3, sm. 4to, cl.

From the Cardiff Naturalists Society : — Proceedings, xxxv, 1903,
(' The Roman Camp at Gellygaer '), 8vo.

From the Shropshire Archaeological and Nat. Hist. Soc. : — Trans-
actions, 3 ser. iv, i, 8vo., 1904.

From the Societe d'Archeologie de Bruxelles : — Annales, xvm, i & ii.

From the Society of Antiquaries of London: — (i.) Archaeologia, 58,
ii, 4to. ; and (ii.) Proceedings, xix, ii, 8vo.

From the Suffolk Institute of Archaeology and Nat. Hist. : — Pro-
ceedings, xi, iii. 8vo.

From the Cambridge Antiquarian Society : — Proceedings, XLIV,
(x, iv), from 14 Oct. 1902 to 18 May 1903; 8vo.

136

Purchases : — The Rev. E. A. Downam's original drawings of Ancient
British earthworks (being plans of Han worth Castle, Middlesex ;
Basildon Moat, Great Canfield, Clavering Castle, Chipping Ongar,
Pheshey, Plumberow, Rayleigh, Ringhill, Stansted, Stebbing
and Wallbury, Essex) ; Rites of Durham (107 Surt. Soc. publ.) ;
the Mittheilungen of the Imp. German Archaeol. Institute, XVIIT,
iii and iv, Rom, 1904 ; Guy Laking's The Armoury of Windsor
Castle ; The Antiquary for March and April, 1904 ; Notes and
Queries, 10 ser. Nos. 9 to 17 (Feb. 27 to April 23, 1904) ; Calendar
of State Papers, Ireland, 1647-1660, Addenda 1625-1660 ; Calen-
dar of StatJ Papers, Domestic, 1693 ; and Feudal Aids, 12S4-1431,
vol. in, Kent to Norfolk; all large 8vo. cl.

EXHIBITED : —

By R. Blair (one of the secretaries) : — Two Roman denarii taken out
of the bed of the river Tyne at Newcastle. One, in poor con-
dition, is of the emperor Galba [A.D. 69], with his head on the
obverse, and a seated figure on the reverse. The other is of the
emperor Septimius Severus [A.D- 193-211] having on the obverse
the emperor's head laureated, and the inscription SEVERVS rivs
AVG ; and on the reverse, two captives seated at the foot of a
trophy, and the inscription PART MAX PM TR p vim (A.D. 201).

By Mr. W. A. Hoyle of the Croft, Ovingham : — A small portfolio con-
taining sketches of Old Newcastle and its precincts. They are
seventeen in number, and are mostly, if not all, the work of Mr.
George Bouchier Richardson who died in 1877. He was a son of
the editor and compiler of the Local Historian's Table Book, and
was a member of our Society when these sketches were made.
Three valuable papers by him on local antiquities are printed in
the quarto series of Archaeologia Aeliana.

[ Mr. R. O. Heslop, F.S.A. (one of the secretaries,) has kindly supplied
the following notes: —

*' The sketches represent : — ' Staiths at St. Anthonys on the Tyiu-,
1840,' ' Mabel's Mill, Ouseburn, 1820,' ' The Residence of Thomas Oliver,
1842,' ' The Glass House Bridge, 1843,' ' Entrance to the [lane ?] be-
tween Gallowgate and the Leazes, 1843,' 'The Moot Hall, north front,
1809. Designed from oral and written testimony,' ' Interior of the
Chapel, Castle of Newcastle,' ' The Great Doorway of the Keep,' ' Old
Houses Westgate Street, adjoining, on the South, Westmorland Hall.
Removed for the erection of the Lit. and Phil. Society's Library, 1820.
[A wood cut of this is given in the Local Historian's Table Book, Hist.
Div. vol. in, p. 253, apparently taken from this sketch] ; also the eight
sketches as shewn by the reproductions in the appended plates.

No. 1, lettered ' In the Close, from the How, just below White Friar
Tower.' It represents one of the court-yards immediately behind the
street line on the north side of the Close, and just within the town wall.
The assemblage of gables and pantile roofs forms a group characteristic
of the late seventeenth century domestic architecture in Newcastle which
succeeded the timber frame construction of the early years of that
century.

No. 2, lettered ' The demolition of the Union Bank, west end of
Mosley Street, with the exposure of the east end of the Church of St.
Nicholas, Aug., 1843.' This sketch is engraved in the Local Historian's
Table Book, Hist. Div. vol. v, p. 88. The site is now occupied by the
offices of Messrs. Gibson above, in the basement, now the book-shop of
Messrs. Franklin, was first established the bank of Messrs. Hodgkin,
Barnett, Pease and Spence in 1859.

Proc. Soc. Antiq. If ewe., 3 Ser. I.

To face page 136.

2.— UNION BANK, MOSLHY STREET.

4.-OLD HOUSES. PILGRIM STREET.
II. VIEWS IN OLD NEWCASTLE. See pages 136-138.

Proc.'Soc. Antiq. Newc., 3 Ser. I.

To face page 137.

f I

I i ti

'« I.

II
^ i

3.— PILGRIM STREET, W. SIDE.

' p

M A>

ill

1 ii I IIH

5.-l'X)RTH HOUSE.
III. VIEWS IN OLD NEWCASTLE. See pages 136-1

137

No. 3, lettered ' Houses on the west side of Pilgrim Street, north of the
south side of Blackett Street, removed in 182[7] for the formation of
Blackett Street.' The name ' Northumberland Street ' is conspicuous
on the angle of the corner house on the right ; ' Pilgrim Street ' on that
to the left. After the formation of Blackett Street the basement of the
latter house was converted into a shop, and was occupied by the father
of the draughtsman of these pencil sketches, Moses Aaron Richardson,
brother of T. M. Richardson, the artist and publisher of the numerous
local imprints and reprints bearing his name. ' In this shop,' says
Mr. Welford, ' he remained till the completion of Grey Street afforded
him more convenient premises,' and here ' he was the local agent for the
sale of lottery tickets, a dealer in rare prints and pictures, a collector
of scarce works on the fine arts poetry and music ' (Men of Mark 'Twixt
Tyne and Tweed, in. p. 295). On the site shown in the sketch stood
the Pilgrim Street Gate until its removal in 1802. The line of the town
wall corresponded with the frontage of the narrow street shown on the
left, where the remains of a turret are visible beyond the house in course
of demolition.

No. 4, lettered ' Old houses near the head of Pilgrim Street, east side,
1843,' and initialled ' G.B.R., 1843.' The shop on the left of the sketch
is number 89 in the street, facing towards Hood Street. In a directory
of 1838 it was occupied by William Dalziel, furniture broker, there
described also as ' Victualler at the ' Ship,' Drury Lane.' The next
shop to the right, No. 87, is that of Christopher Shephard, ' Agent for
Morison's Universal Medicines,' and of Sarah Shephard, ' Straw hat
manufacturer and dealer in straw plat.' The plain house adjoining was
the White House Inn, rendered conspicuous by its white painted front,
contrasting thus with its rival in black lower down the street, known as
the Black House. The tall houses on the right face to Market Street,
and in the first of these were the offices of Alexander George Gray,
merchant ; later the proprietor of the Friars Goose Chemical Works.

No. 5, lettered ' Forth House after the curtailment of the West Wall,
April, 1843.' The building is on the site now occupied by the North-
Eastern Railway Company's Audit Office in Forth Banks, and the left
hand corner of the structure is exactly at the angle formed now by
Forth Banks and Neville Street. The sketch represents one of the
most noteworthy features of old Newcastle in its last phase. Bourne,
describing the Forth says : ' It is at present a mighty pretty Place,
exceeding by much any Common Place of Pleasure about the Town ; a
Place at the proper Season of the Year much frequented by the Town's
People, for its Pleasing Walk and rural Entertainment ' [Bourne, Hist,
of Newcastle, 1736, p. 146]. The building in the sketch is the Forth
Tavern, overlooking the bowling green. It was furnished with ' a
balcony projecting from the front, and a parapet wall, from whence the
spectators, calmly smoking their pipes and enjoying their glasses
beheld the sportsmen' [Mackenzie, Hist, of Newcastle, 1827, p. 714].
It will be seen that the enclosure, approached by a flight of steps, is con-
siderably above the street level. The elevated position and the views
obtainable from the site added greatly to its charm as a place of recrea-
tion. [There is a wood-cut from this in the Local Historian's Table Book,
Hist. Div. v, p. 77].

No. 6, lettered ' Part of Bailey Gate, looking east, 1843.' This was
one of the streets leading from Westgate Street to the precincts of the
old castle. The tall building on the left hand of the street was at the
corner of Queen Street. On the same side was the Royal Oak public
house. The entire site is now occupied by the railway viaduct.

138

No. 7, lettered ' TheTBlack Gate, west front, 1843.' The densely
crowded tenements of the Castle Garth and its immediate neighbour-
hood were almost entirely occupied by dealers in wearing apparel and
by shoemakers. As the town's liberties did not include the Castle, the
incorporated trades were without jurisdiction within its limits. This
immunity had, from an early period attracted ' foreigners,' as the
freemen called them, to practice their craft or callings. The shops here
shown were typical of a great number of similar places crowded together
in the Garth and on the Castle Stairs, where garments new and old were
displayed, and where shoemakers worked in the open doorways. Those
who converted old shoes were commonly known as ' translators.'

No. 8, lettered ' The Fox and Lamb, Pilgrim Street, west side, looking
W., Sep., 1843.' See the paper by W. H. Knowles, F.S.A., Archaeologia
Aeliana, xvi, p. 373.

The references given above to subjects engraved suggest the conjecture
that the sketches were made by Mr. George Bouchier Richardson for the
purpose of illustrating the Local Historian's Table Book. ' Many of the
wood cuts which illustrate the Table Book, says Mr. Welford, ' were his
productions' [Men of Mark, vol. in, p. 297]. These wood-cuts are all
of them of the crudest character, suggesting the work of an amateur.
But a comparison with the original sketches, now reproduced in fac-
simile, will show how much injustice the roughly executed cuts do to Mr.
G. B. Richardson's artistic qualities. As Mr. Welford's biographical
notice shows, both Mr. M. A. Richardson, the father, and his son G. B.,
were compelled by circcumstances to emigrate to Australia at a time
when, by pen and pencil, they were in the midst of their activities to
illustrate our local history and topography. Mr. G. B. Richardson at
the time of his death had supported himself during his last three years
in the profession of a drawing master, and his qualifications are well
indicated by the promise shown in these drawings, now for the first time re-
produced from the original sketches by the kindness of Mr. W. A. Hoyle. ]

By Mr. G. H. Hogg of North Shields (per Mr. S. S. Carr) :— A
cylinder of ebony Gin. long, yjin. in diameter, with silver-
mounted ends, having on one end the royal arms and on the other
a castle. The object was found in an old house in North Shields.

Mr. C. H. Blair thought the royal arms were of the time of
George II. or of the early years of George III.

Mr. Heslop said that the ruler-like object was a sheriff officer's
staff or badge of office formerly in use.

By Mr. George D. Reid : — The great carving knife and fork from the old
Mansion House, Newcastle ; the buckhorn handles terminate in.
heads of the sea-horse, supporters of the arms of the town. The
length of the knife is 20Jins. and of the fork 14£ ins. They are
described in the catalogue of the Mansion House sale « as silver-
hafted carvers,' and they were sold on the fifth day of the sale
(5 Jan. 1837). (See plate facing p. 144.)

COUNTRY MEETINGS.

The recommendation of the Council to hold the following country
meetings during this season was unanimously agreed to, viz. : — day
meetings at ( i) Housesteads Roman camp, in conjunction with the
Durham Society; (ii.) Ford and Etal castles, and if possible Duddos
tower ; (iii.) Bamburgh church and castle ; and (iv.) Bewcastle
church and castle, driving from and to Brampton or Naworth ; and
afternoon meetings (i.) a perambulation of the Walls and Towers of
Newcastle under the guidance of Mr. Heslop ; and (ii.) Escombe Saxon
church and St. Helen's Auckland church.

Proc. Soc. Antiq. Newc., 3 Ser. I.

To face page 138.

6.-BAILEY GATE, LOOKING E. See page 137.
IV. VIEWS IN OLD NEWCASTLE.

Proc. Soe. Antiq. Newc., 3 Ser. I.

To face page 138.

8.—" THE FOX & LAMB." See page 138.
V. VIEWS IN OLD NEWCASTLE.

139

4 CHAPEL WALLS,' WOLSINGHAM.

Mr. Blair (one of the secretaries) read the following note by Mr.
Edward Wooler of Darlington : —

" I have received a communication from Mr. William Rutter of
Wolsingham, calling my attention to the discovery of a portion of what
is known as ' Chapel Walls.' I went to Wolsingham on Saturday, the
13th February, accompanied by Mr. Turnbull and Mr. Egglestone, and,
although it was a very stormy day, we made a most careful examination
of the site. I find that it has been a strongly entrenched ' Camp '
(using the words of the Ordnance Survey) enclosing 1-727 acres. At the
east side, from the bottom of the ditch to the top of the rampart is 20
feet. The two becks on the north and east have evidently been utilised
to fill the moat with water. We found several specimens of pottery,
some of which I sent you [Mr. Blair], and others Mr. Egglestone sub-
mitted to the authorities of the British Museum, who pronounced it
to be what you said it was, i.e. medieval pottery. There is no doubt
that it has been the site of the bishop's manor house at Wolsingham
because bishop Hatfield's survey, taken between 1345 and 1381 states
that there was a manor house with a garden and orchard and three acres
of meadow land appertaining also a park 8^ miles in circuit. There
has been a chapel, and Mr. James Rutter, in levelling the rampart and
filling up the ditch, came across two cross walls which are evidently the
chapel walls, hence the name ' Chapel Walls.' Of these walls we made
the most careful examination, and it would appear as though they had
been destroyed by fire. It is on record that there were several incur-
sions of the Scots, notably one in 1316 when ' the Scottish army entered
into England by the Western March and entered into the bishopric of
Durham by the heights of Weardale ; they took their way so near to
Durham as to lay waste and plunder, sweeping away all kinds of pro-
visions and destroyed the beautiful retreat of the monks at Beaurepaire
(now called Bearpark) together with other places in the neighbourhood,
etc.' Was this the occasion of the destruction of the manor house
(note the dates of the survey and the incursion), and did future bishops,
not being of a sportsmanlike character, neglect to rebuild it. I am
taking steps to get Mr. G. Y. Wall, the manorial surveyor to the
Ecclesiastical Commissioners, to examine the records at Durham to see
if any old description gives any clue to its identity. I have, however,
no doubt in my own mind that it was a manor house, but whether it
was the site of an earlier camp it is difficult to say. Possibly it was."

Thanks were voted to Mr. Wooler for his note.

ANCIENT GRAVE ON BRANDON HILL, CO. DURHAM.

Mr. Blair (one of the secretaries) read the following ' Note on the
discovery of an Ancient Burial at Tally-ho Gate, Brandon Hill, in the
County of Durham,' by Mr. H. T. Peirson of Brancepeth : —

" This discovery was made on April 14th by a quarryman working
the quarry at this place, which is on the highest point on Brandon Hill,
about 4£ miles west of Durham, and about 890 feet above sea level.

A cist was found in the face of the quarry, the top of it being 4 feet
below the surface, which at the place is quite level showing no traces of a
barrow. The land here has been cultivated, but not for about 100
years. The cist is formed of four slabs of stone set on edge,1 with a
covering stone, the internal dimensions being as follows, length 5 feet,
width (west end) at top 1 foot 11^ inches., at bottom 2 feet 10 J inches,

i Shewn on plate facing p. 140.

at east end 1 foot 10 inches at top, 2 feet 4 inches at bottom ; depth 2
feet 6 inches. The covering stone, roughly oval in shape, is about 6 feet
6 inches long by 4 feet 6 inches wide. None of these stones appears to
have been worked from this quarry, but are more like the stone in the
quarry at Brandon village about a mile and a half to the east. Be-
tween the covering stone and the top of the side and end stones were
packed, for some reason or other, about two or three inches of small
flat stones which fell into the cist when the cover was removed,
doing some damage to the contents. The compass bearings of the
cist were as nearly as possible E.S.E. and W.N.W. The contents of
the cist were fragments of the skeleton of an adult male, lying on the
left side with head to the east and the knees doubled up ; the length of
the thigh bone being 1 foot 6^ inches. The skull, which was broken
into pieces by falling stones was of a low type as it has a very receding
forehead. Just above and between the eye sockets was a small round
hole which had apparently been made before death, and may have
been the cause of it There was also found placed behind the skull in
the N.E. corner of the cist an earthenware vessel8 8i inches high by
6 inches in diameter at the widest part, made of sunburnt clay and or-
namented with punctured lines and a kind of herring bone pattern
alternately from top to bottom. It did not contain anything, and was
unfortunately broken by falling stones. The soil from the bottom of
the cist was carefully examined and contained nothing except small
pieces of charcoal, pieces of bone and a few of the teeth of the man.
The bottom of the cist was not on the bed rock but roughly paved with
small flat stones upon a layer of sandy soil beneath which was the rock.
Traces of fire are visible in the interior of the cist, and also upon the top
of the covering stone. The cist still remains in position as found, but
will shortly be removed. The earthenware vessel is in my possession
awaiting Lord Boyne's instructions as to disposal. I herewith send
photographs of the cist and earthenwara vessel, also a tracing from the
25 inch ordnance3 with exact position of burial marked with a cross."

The photographs are reproduced on the opposite plate, and the plan
on page 141.

Thanks were voted to Mr. Peirson for his interesting note, and also
for the care taken by him In carefully opening and preserving the grave
and its contents. The urn and the bones have been presented to
Durham university by Viscount Boyne, the owner of the land on which
the discovery was made.

Dr. Beddoe, F.R.S., of Bradford-on-Avon, a great authority on the
subject, states that according to his rule of measurement the man
would be 5 ft. 8|in. high.

BRANDON CHAPEL, NORTHUMBERLAND.

Mr. Blair read the following letter addressed to him on the 29th
March, 1904, by Mr. J. R. Carr-Ellison, referring to Mr. Gissing's note
in these Proceedings, p- 131.

" If you don't know the old disused burial ground at Brandon, in which
Mr. Gissing takes so much interest, I can tell you that last autumn the
Eglingham churchwardens got back possession of the whole enclosure
inside the walls as church property.

Ever since I was a boy the small portion on the south-east quarter,
which had tombstones in it, and the 2ft. high remains of the wall of a

Shewn on the plate facing this page.
3 See reduction of this on page 141,

» !• a v <

f \ 0 di o

v \ />. <?

142

very small chapel was covered with a dense growth of nettles and
dockins in summer, and had become raised 3 or 4 feet higher than the
remaining 3 quarters, one of which was the potato garden of the farm-
house, and the other 2 parts, hinds' gardens, and the ordnance maps
made matters worse by showing it as it was then, viz. : — In one quarter
old chapel and graveyard, and the other three- quarters gardens.

Last autumn I wrote to the Rev. James Allgood, the owner of the
surrounding property and the farm, asking him to look for old estate
maps, as I thought the gardens to be an encroachment, and that the
whole was really churchyard.

He kindly sent me a tracing of an estate map of 1832, (much older
than the ordnance map) which showed that the whole enclosure was
churchyard. We then agreed to abide by the decision of a land agent
as to whether Mr. Allgood's map of 1832, the tithe map of Brandon in
Eglingham vestry (which also shewed the whole enclosure as church-
yard) and the later ordnance maps, which were on three different scales,
all represented the same piece of ground. The decision was that all the
maps did represent the same piece of ground, and that the whole was
churchyard. Mr. Allgood at once said the land belongs to the church-
wardens, who have now taken charge of the whole and have built a wall
on one of the four sides to match the existing wall, in place of an old
hedge which was the only fence there. They have also walled up a gate-
way on the south side of the churchyard leading into an arable field and
have made a new gateway on the north side leading on to the public
road, for the convenience of any future funerals that may take plaee.
The higher level of the portion where the tomb-stones were had evidently
been caused by using it as a deposit for the garden and field rubbish, and
a rude wall to contain it had been built up with stones found in the
gardens. The portion which had been used as gardens (the north por-
tion) appears not to have been used for burials as a deep trench was dug
across it, but no traces of burials found. The part which had been used
has been levelled down to the original level without coming upon any
remains of bones among the tombstones, shewing that the higher eleva-
tion was of recent date. It is intended by the churchwardens to mark
out with cement on the level of the ground, as has been done by the
duke of Northumberland at Alnwick abbey, the foundations of the
walls of the old chapel. There does not appear to have been any floor
to the chapel, but the bowl of a font was found and has been removed to
Eglingham church for preservation. Canon Tristram remembers, when a
boy, accompanying his father (the then vicar of Eglingham) when he offi-
ciated at a funeral there. The churchwardens hope that the Brandon
churchyard may again be used for burials for that part of the parish."

Thanks were voted to Mr. Carr-Ellison for his communication.

A ROMAN INSCRIBED STONE FROM BENWELL.

Mr. Blair read the following note on this discovery : —
*' While an old building at Benwell was being pulled down the work-
men discovered, embedded in the wall, the fragments of an inscribed
altar to the god Antenociticus, set up by the 1st cohort of Varduli or
Vangiones (as the letters VA only remain it is doubtful which it is).
The Roman station at Benwell (Condercum), from which doubtless the
altar had in a former year been brought and made use of in the
building, was occupied by the 1st Ala of Asturians, while the station at
Risingham (Hdbitancum) was occupied by the 1st cohort of Vangiones
and that of High Rochester (Bremenium] by the 1st cohort of Varduli.
In the valuable collection of Roman inscriptions preserved in the

143

museum of the Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle, are two fine altars to
the same god, one, naming him, as in the newly found inscription,
' Antenociticus,' set up by Aelius Vibius a centurio of the 20th legion,
the other ' Anociticus,' set up under Ulpius Marcellus by Tineius
Longus.1 Both were found at Benwell in a little sacellum in the
grounds of the late Mr. Rendel who presented them to the Society.
Antenocitus appears to have been a Ic cal god, as no trace of him has been
found elsewhere. The inscription, or rather what is left of it, reads : —

DEO ANTENOCIT[I]CO | SACRV //// | COH i VA . . . | OVB (?) The

letters A & V in the third line are tied.

The fragments, together are 19 ins. across ; the height of the larger
is 2 ft. 3 ins. Mr. H. P. Thirl well, on whose premises the two stones
were found, has kindly presented them to the Blackgate museum.
The special thanks of members are due to him, and also to the Rev.
R. R. Mangin, vicar of Benwell, who first drew attention to the find."

Thanks were voted to Mr Thirl well for his donation, and also to the
Rev. R. R. Mangin. The reproduction (from a photograph by Mr.
Parker Brewis) on the plate facing p. 142, shows the inscription -£ full

RECTORS OF WHITBURN.

Mr. Blair next read the following list (contributed by Mr. C. Hutchin-
son, F.R.A.S., of Rock Lodge, Roker) of the rectors of Whitburn since
the beginning of the thirteenth century, shewing the dates when they
held office, and giving other interesting particulars concerning them.
As this list may be of interest to antiquaries, as well as to persons
belonging to the district, it is given below : —

William dj Burgo.

1245. John de Rygate.

1313-1316. William de Ay remynne.2

1316. Nicholas de Welburn.3
Thomas Kirkeby.
John Pulhose, constable of
the castle, and receiver-
general to bishop Hatfield.

1352. John de Appleby.

1362. Richard de Wynchcomb.

1368. William de Orchard.

1375. Peter de Stapylton.
William Marnhull.

1402. Thomas de Popylton.

1407. Thomas Kirkeby.

1409. Thomas Leys, vicar-general
to bishop Langley.

1454. John Lownde, LL.B., tem-
poral chancellor to bishop
Neville.

1501. Thomas Poppley, A.M.

1507. Edmund Jackson, LL.D.

1525. Cuthbert Marshall, S.T.P.,
archdeacon of Nottingham,
prebendary of Unsthwayte,
and canon residentiary of
York.

1550. Richard Clyff.

1563. Leonard Pilkington, S.T.P.,4
master of St. John's Col-
lege, Cambridge ; prebend-
ary of the seventh stall.
John Hicks.

1031. Thomas Triplet, D.D., eject-
ed during the Usurpation ;
after the Restoration, pre-
bendary of Westminster.

1662. Richard Hickes, A.M., an
Intruder, but conformed.

1 See Lapid. Sept. nos. 20 & 21 ; and C. /. L. vii, nos. 503 & 504,

2 On 27 Dec. 1313, William de Ayremynne, rector of Whitburn, a sub-deacon, was
granted letters dimissory to the orders of deacon and priest.— Kellawe's Reg. I, 491. In
June 1316, the fruits and profits of Whitburn were granted to John de Snaynton the
younger, 'per resignationem domini Willelrai de Ayremynne.nuperrectorisejusdero.'—
Ibid. II, 811.

s On 23 Oct. 1316, Nicholas de Welleburn was presented by the king, the see of
Durham being vacant. - Ibid, iv, 145.

* His will is given in Eecl. Proe. of Bishop Barnes (21 Surfc. Soc. publ.) cxxxiv, Sir
Anthony occurs as his curate ; and in 1578 Wm. Bramhall.— Ibid. 309 and 73.

144

1667. Thomas Dockwray, S.T.P.,
perished in action with the
Dutch.

1672. Samuel Speed, A.M., pre-
bendary of Lincoln, canon
of Christ Church.

1675. Thomas Musgrove, A.M., dean
of Carlisle, and prebendary
of Durham.

1686, Samuel Eyre.

1694. Francis Blakeston, A.M.

1704. Nathaniel Ellison, S.T.P.,
prebendary of the fifth
stall.

to the duke of Kent and to
the bishop of Durham.

1728. Edward Hinton, A.M.

1769. Benjamin Pye, LL.D., arch-
deacon of Durham.

1776. Zelinger Symons, B.D.

1810. Thomas Baker, A.M.

1866. William Maunder Hitchcock,
A.M., hon. canon of Dur-
ham.

1881. George Frederick Price, D. D. ,
chaplain to the duke of
Abercorn.

1901. W. Moore Ede M.A., hon.
canon of Durham.

1721. John Wallis, A.M., chaplain

Thanks were voted to Mr. Hutchinson.

OLD DEEDS KELATING TO NEWCASTLE, &C.

Mr. Blair reported that as directed by the council he had examined
several bundles of old local deeds, from the collection of Sir Thomas
Phillipps, on sale by Mr. Thorne, and had purchased one bundle for the
society, which Mr. O. J. Charlton had kindly undertaken to calendar.

Mr. Charlton then read his notes, which are not yet ready for publi-
cation, but they will be printed in the next issue of these Proceedings.
He stated that in one of the deeds, a quayside chare had no less than
seven different names.

Thanks were voted to Mr. Charlton bv acclamation.

MISCELLANEA.

A note in the Antiquary for Dec. 1903, refers to the insecure condi-
tion of Berwick bridge. The common error that the bridge connects
England and Scotland is repeated by the writer. The Tweed at Berwick
does not divide the two portions of the kingdom, so how this bridge,
any more than that across the Tyne at Newcastle, can connect them is
rather a puzzle. The town of Berwick and its bounds (which extend
northwards about three miles and up the Tweed about the same dis-
tance) have been connected with England, both ecclesiastically and
civilly, for many centuries, and it is now, for administrative purposes,
a part of the county of Northumberland.

Prof. Brandl's Archiv fur das Studium der neueren Sprachen und
Literaturen, contains a fac-simile of bishop Ranulf's grant to his bishopric
of Durham of the lands of ' Elresdene and Haliwarstelle.' — Scottish
Historical Review, no. m, p. 345.

Tfie Genealogical Magazine for April 1904 contains a pedigree of 'Jackson of West
Rainton Hall, co. Durham'.

Proc. .S'oe. Antiq. Newc. 3 Ser. I.

To face page 144.

CARVING KNIFE & FORK FORMERLY BELONGING TO THE NEWCASTLE CORPORATION.

From a photograph by Mr. George D. Reid.

See page 138.

145

PROCEEDINGS

OP THE

SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES

OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE.

VOL. I. (3 Ser.) 1904. No. 18.

The ordinary monthly meeting of the society was held in the library
of the Castle, Newcastle, on Wednesday, the first day of June, 1904, at
seven o'clock in the evening, Mr. C. J. Spence, one of the vice-presidents,
being in the chair.

Several accounts recommended by the council for payment, were
ordered to be paid.

The following ORDINARY MEMBERS were proposed and declared duly
elected : —

i. Wemyss H. Atkinson, 1 Windsor Place, Newcastle,
ii. Major G. Towlerton Leather, Middleton Hall, Belford.
iii. F. Sainty, Albourn Terrace, West Hartlepool.
iv. P. Truttman, 36 Malvern Street, Newcastle.

The following NEW BOOKS, &c., were placed on the table : —
Presents, for which thanks were voted : —

From Mr. L. W. Adamson, LL.D. : — A foolscap folio case containing
plans and sections of the old Tyne bridge, also newspaper cuttings
relating thereto, lease of one of the shops on it, &c., &c., chiefly
collected by Mr. John Bell. The collection was found amongst
the papers of the late Mr. John George Abbott, Dr. Adamson's
brother-in-law.

From the Cambridge Antiquarian Society : Proceedings and Com-
munications, xvi, xxi, and XLIII. 8vo.

From the Yorkshire Archaeological Society : The Yorkshire Archaeo-
logical Journal, pt. 65, vol. xvn. 8vo.

From the Suffolk Antiquarian Society : Proceedings, x, i. 8vo.
Exchanges : —

From the Derbyshire Archaeological and Nat. Hist. Society :

Journal, xxvi, 1904, 8vo. [contains Mr. John Garstang's report
on the excavations in the Roman camp at Brough, near Derby,
with several illustrations ; also Mr. Haverfield's paper on the
Roman inscription discovered in the same camp mentioning Julius
V . . . . , a Roman legate, thought to be the Julius Verus of the Tyne
inscription (see p. 92)]. Amongst the discoveries at Brough is
an underground chamber in the praetorium, 8 feet long by 7 feet
at the wider end and 5 feet at the narrower, reached by a flight
of eight stone steps ; it is similar to the chamber near the
praetorium in the South Shields camp (Arch. Ael. x, 233).

146

From the Kent Archaeological Society — (i.) ArcJiaeologia Cantiana,
xxvi, 8vo. cl. ; and (ii.) Archaeological Papers published in 1902,
compiled by G. L. Go name, F.S.A.

From La Societe Archeologique de Namur : — Annales, xxiv, iv,
large 8vo. Namur, 1904.

From the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, U.S.A. : — Twentieth
Annual Report (1898-9), large 8vo., cl.

From the Bristol and Gloucestershire Archaeological Society : — •
Transactions, xxvi, i. ; 8vo. [included in it (p. 208) is an obituary
notice of Mr. John Latimer, a native of Newcastle (born in 1824
and died in Bristol on 4th January, 1904), who was formerly
on the staff of the Newcastle Chronicle and well known as the
compiler of Latimer's Local Records, a continuation of Sykes's
publication of that name. He became a member of our society
on 2nd January, 1856, but resigned on his leaving the town in
1858, when he became editor of the Bristol Mercury. On the
formation of the Bristol and Gloucestershire Archaeological
Society Mr. Latimer joined it and became its honorary secretary
for Bristol. He contributes a paper ' The maire of Bristowe is
Kalendar ' to this part (p. 108), and has contributed many papers.
dealing chiefly with medieval Bristol, to the same journal, and
also to the Proceedings of the Clifton Antiquarian Club. A
photographic reproduction of Mr. Latimer's portrait illustrates
the memoir, which thus concludes : — ' Mr. Latimer has set a
standard of industry and accuracy for the Bristol historian who
may come after him ; and those who knew the gentle, kindly old
man will be grateful to the Council for providing the portrait of
him which accompanies this notice.']

From the Numismatic Society of London : — The Numismatic
Chronicle, 4 ser., pt. i, 8vo.

From the British Archaeological Association : — The Journal, x, i.,
8vo.

From the Royal Archaeological Institute : — The Archaeological
Journal, LX, 2 ser. x, 4, 8vo.

From the Clifton Antiquarian Club : — Proceedings, v, iii, large 8vo.

From the Thuringian Historical Society : — Zeitschrift, N.S., xiv, i.

From the Royal Society of Christiania : — Skrifter for 1903, large 8vo.

Purchases : — Galletly and Dunlop's Ancient Towers and Doorways ;
Jahrbuch of the Imp. German Archaeological Institute, — 'Gordion-
ergebnisse der Ausgrabung im Jah'-e, 1900,' von Gustav Korbe
& Alfred Korbe, large 8vo., |bd. ; The Reliquary, x, 2 ; The
Antiquary for May, 1904 ; Notes and Queries, 10 ser., 18-22 ;
The Ancestor for October, 1903 (vii) [see ' English Counts of
the Empire,' by J. H. Round, in which the Saint Pauls of Ewart
are referred to], and for April, 1904 (ix) [see p. 137, of latter for
' The Attwoods and their bard,' being a review of ' The Attwood
Family ' by Mr. John Robinson ; and p. 18 ' The Ogles,1 a review
of Sir Henry A. Ogle's book on that family] ; and Der Oberger-
manisch-Raetische Limes des Roemerreiches , xxi, — Kastell Waldilm
& Kastell Welzheim.

DONATIONS TO THE MUSEUM.

The following were announced, and special thanks voted to the
donors: —

From Mr. J. D. Walker : — A stone axe-hammer head 4£" long by

Proe. Soc. Antiq. If ewe., 3 Ser. I.

To face page 146.

STONE AXE-HAMMER FOUND AT BARRAS BRIDGE, NEWCASTLE.

See opposite page.

From a photograph by Mr. Parker Brewis.

A QUERN FOUND IN BISHOPWEARMOUTH.

See opposite page.

From a photograph by Mr. J. Walton.

147

wide at the cutting end, 1|" at the narrower end, and 2]" in the
middle, found in July or August, 1893, some few feet below the
surface in the timber yard of Messrs. Bumup at Barras Bridge,
Newcastle, when some workmen were putting in a new drain. (See
top illustration facing p. 146.)

[The Rev.W. Greenwell, D.C.L., &c., in a letter to Mr. Heslop, thus
writes: — « The axe has apparently had two cutting edges, though
it may be doubtful if the narrower end has ever been a cutting
edge, the appearance suggesting that it has originally been squared
and not blunted, as the other one is, by use. It is of a very un-
common form ; indeed, I have never seen one. or an engraving of
one, like it. The hole has been made from each side by a pointed
instrument, probably of wood, and sand, and in that it differs
from those which unquestionably belong to the Bronze Period,
where the hole has been made by a metal tube, and goes straight
through. I should on the whole incline to regard it as belonging
to the Bronze Period, though the nature of the perforation is more
in favour of its having been made before the time of metal. It
looks more like an implement for ordinary vise than a war axe, of
which there are numerous examples and of a distinct character.']

From Messrs. Watson, Burton, and Corder : —

(i.) Two sculptured panels from Gilpin's yard, Pilgrim Street,

Newcastle. They were originally taken from the old ruined

Tyne bridge, and built first into alderman Hornby's garden wall.

They respectively represent the arms of bishop Crewe of Durham

and of Newcastle, and are of 17 cent. date,
(ii.) Gilpin's sign as ' Chymist,' — a gilded wooden mortar and pestle.

[ Mr. Percy Corder read the following note on the arms : — ' The old
Tyne bridge, part of which was destroyed in the great flood on the
night of Saturday, November the 16th, 1771, which carried away
three towers with other erections. Mackenzie, in his History of New-
casile-ti'pon-Tyne, states that at the south end of the bridge was the
third tower having ' a strong wardyd gate,' near to which was a
drawbridge. On the south point of this tower were the arms of
Anthony Crewe. bishop of Durham. This stone was preserved by the
late alderman Hugh Hornby of Newcastle, and placed in his garden
wall in Pilgrim Street. He also preserved a stone with the town
arms upon it, which was originally on the south side of the tower
on the bridge with the motto ' Fortiter defendit triumphans 1646.'
Alderman Hornby's house and garden afterwards became the
property of Mr. Anthony Clapham, who carefully removed these
curious stones and placed the bishop's arms over his soap-office
door, and the town arms over the porter office of Brumell &
Gilpin. According to Grey's MSS., as recorded in Richardson's
reprints, ' The tower on the Bridg was builded by G Bird mayor
of this town ; the Bird coots of Armes upon it.' George Bird was
mayor of Newcastle from various times from 1493 to 1511. in which
year he died, so that the structure must have been erected about the
close of the loth or the beginning of the 16th century. This stone
bearing the town arms is shewn in the engraving of the tower of the
bridge printed hi Sykes's Local Records, and reprinted by per-
mission of the owner, Mr. Richard Welford, in the Monthly Chronicle
for June, 1887. I find in Boyle's Vestiges of Old Newcastle that
alderman Hugh Hornby was a linen draper and antiquary, and
carried on his business in the premises 135 and 137 Pilgrim Street,
the tenancy of which has lately been vacated by Messrs. Mawson,

148

Swan, and Weddell, who succeeded to the business so long carried
on in the same place by Messrs. Gilpin & Co. Messrs. Rowell & Co.,
Ltd., who were Messrs. Gilpin & Co.'s successors in the ale and
porter business have recently given up their occupation of the
premises behind 135 and 137 Pilgrim Street, thus terminating
the connexion between the business and the premises which had
existed for the long period of 114 years.']

EXHIBITED : —

By Mr. Edward Wooler of Darlington : — A photograph shewing three
objects, a ring, a cross, and a bead, found at Standard hill, North-
allerton, where the battle of the Standard was fought.
[The cross is said to be very ancient looking and made of bronze. The
bead may be old, but the brooch is doubtful. Without, however,
a sight of the objects themselves it is not possible to give an opinion
as to their age.]

By Mr. John Sanders of Cold Kirby near Thirsk : — A large collection
of flint and stone weapons, found from time to time in tho
parishes of Cold Kirby, Scawton and Old Byland, on the Hamble-
ton hills.

[Mr. Blair (one of the secretaries) read the following notes by Mr.
Sanders on the objects : —

"By systematically searching the ground in the parishes of Cold Kirby,
Scawton, and Old Byland, all situate on the Hambleton moors in the
North Riding, large numbers of flint and other stone implements and
weapons have been picked up. The various kinds of stone — including
flint, jasper, quartz, greenstone, &c. — of which these specimens sub-
mitted are made, do not occur in the local rocks, and must have been
brought from a very considerable distance. Hambleton is, roughly
speaking, a plain 700 feet above sea level, and is intersected by ravines
of glacial origin. There is only a thin moorland soil covering the oolite,
and the plough easily brings any relics of the past, which may lie below,
to the top. The extensive dykes or trenches, and the numerous round
barrows which exist in the neighbourhood seem to show that the ancients
lived on these uplands for safety. The ornament on a cinerary urn
found in a round barrow at Cold Kirby by the Rev. W. Greenwell shows
that the ancient dwellers here were sun worshippers, and that they
tilled the soil. It is, therefore, not unlikely that some of the suspicious-
looking stones of oolite which are found lying about may have been
trimmed for use as clod-hammers by these people simply because flint
was hard to get hold of. In flint-hunting here it often happens that we
find a large number close together, which would seem to be accountable
for in one of the folio whig ways : — 1. The termination of a hunt ; 2. A
fight ; or 3. The place where someone had been trimming flints.

It will be noticed that while a great many of the specimens are most
beautifully worked, by far the larger number are of the very rudest
description. I have formed the opinion that each individual made his
own weapons, and the difference in degree of finish shows that some men
bestowed much care over the forming of their weapons, while others were
too lazy to do any more than they could help. There is another point
which I feel very certain about, and that is, that these old craftsmen
never made up their minds as to what kind or pattern of weapon they
would make until they had first detached a flake or chip from the parent
block of stone, and that it was the particular form of this initial chip
which decided the form or pattern which the finished implement took.
The opinions expressed here, and in the notes sent with the various

Proc. Soc. Antiq. Newc. 3 Ser. I.

To face page 148.

ARMS OF BISHOP CREWE OF DURHAM.
AND OF NEWCASTLE.

See opposite page.

149

objects being my own, they must be taken only for what they are
worth. A couple of modern gun flints exhibited, should be well ex-
amined by every would-be collector, or similar things might easily find
an honourable place in his collection, for these are not infrequently met
with in the field."

Thanks were voted to Mr. Sanders.

NOTES FROM A DELAVAL « DIARY.'

Mr. Blair next read the following notes by Mr. H. H. E. Craster of All
Souls College, Oxford : —

•'Among the Rawlinson MSS. in the Bodleian Library at Oxford is a
square quarto volume containing 332 pages of manuscript, nearly half of
the book being left blank. It contains meditations, prayers, collects,
and a number of autobiographical passages, the whole being composed
by Mrs. Robert Delaval of Seaton Delaval in Northumberland. The
writer states that she began from the time of entering into her four-
teenth year to keep, in scattered papers, most of those resolutions she
had made against the evils of her life, and that when she was four
months past twenty she resolved to collect them all together. These
papers form the first half of the manuscript, and they are followed by
similar meditations written during the twenty-first and twenty-second
years of her life, the latest being written at Seaton Delaval on the 25th
of July, 1671. At a later period of her life, apparently between 1688
and 1703, she appears to have copied out her earlier writings into the
volume now in the Bodleian, and to have added autobiographical
passages, thus giving a fairly complete story of her life down to a year
after her marriage. The result is the conversion of a common place
book into an autobiography, and while the earlier passages were written
purely for her own use, in the later additions she appears to have been
writing for others.

The following table shows her relationship to the various characters
who entered into her life : —

Theophilus\Howard ( 1 ) Sir John Livingstone, = Jane Throxton = (9.) Edward.
2nd earl of Suffolk bart. lord Gorges

of Dundalk

Jfces,3rd earl ( 1 )Lord George = Lady Katharine = (2) James = (2) A.nne,daughter Dorothy =

1st earl of of Sir Henry Charles,2nd

f Suffolk Stuart

Howard

Newbnrgh Poole, bart. baron Stan-

hope of
Harrington
\ Howard — Ed ward, Charles Stuart, LADY ELIZABETH

1st lord 3rd duke of LIVINGSTONE — Robert Delaval, Son of
Griffin of Richmond Sir Ralph Delaval, bart.

Braybrooke

The writer was Lady Elizabeth Livingstone, daughter of the first earl
of Xewburgh. She was born in 1649. Before she was a year old her
father had to fly the country, being implicated in plots to release Charles
I. from captivity. Lady Betty, as she was called by her friends, was
brought up by her aunt, lady Stanhope, at her house at Nocton near
Lincoln, whence she used to be taken to pay yearly visits to her grand-
mother, lady Gorges, in London. Her father returned to England at the
restoration, but married again, and lady Betty continued to live with
her aunt. When fourteen, her half-brother, the duke of Richmond,

150

placed her in the Court, where she was first maid of the privy chamber
to the queen. She remained at Court for two years, and then, finding
that she had run heavily into debt, and seeing no likelihood of her being
able to pay her creditors, she obtained leave to return to Nocton. She
was only fifteen and a half when her aunt planned a marriage for her
with lord Brudenell, eldest son of the earl of Cardigan, but she refused to
marry him on the ground of his being a Roman Catholic. In revenge
for this, when lady Betty fell' in love three years later with lord Annesley,
eldest son of the earl of Anglesey, lady Stanhope refused to have any-
thing to say to the match. She was intending to give her in marriage
to her neighbour, lord Roos, afterwards first duke of Rutland, who was
then engaged in obtaining a divorce from his first wife. To put a stay
to lord Annesley' s suit, lady Stanhope and lord Roos contrived a
marriage between lord Annesley and lady Elizabeth Manners, lord
Roos's sister. Negotiations were opened with the earl of Anglesey, but
nothing was said of the matter to his son. Lord Annesley meanwhile
had been endeavouring to persuade lady Betty to marry him privately,
and lady Betty at last sent her lover a letter asking him to meet her at
the house of her cousin, Essex Griffin, near London, where she would n<>
longer delay to consent to his wishes. The messenger who was des-
patched with this letter foolishly put it into the earl of Anglesey's
hands. The earl had just concluded the treaty of marriage with the
Rutland family by which lord Annesley should be married to lady
Elizabeth Manners, and, on learning the state of affairs, he swore to
disinherit his son if he persisted in his choice. Lord Annesley was
cowed into submission, and wrote to lady Betty begging her to release
him from his promises. Shortly afterwards he married lord Roos's
sister. Meanwhile lord Roos had met with difficulties in the prosecution
of his divorce, and, till his divorce was secured, he could not decently
make proposals to lady Betty. Her father, who had secretly urged her
to make a run-away match with lord Annesley, had taken no part in
lord Roos's schemes, and now began to force upon lady Betty a marriage
with Robert Delaval, eldest son of Sir Ralph Delaval of Seaton Delaval
and lady Anne Delaval his wife. The young Delaval was brought to
stay at Nocton. But lady Betty had no liking for her proposed husband,
absolutely refused to marry unless the debts which she had contracted
at court had first been paid. Her grandmother, lady Gorges, who \va,s
now dead, had left her a thousand pounds, and this sum she wished to
apply to clearing herself of debt. Her father would not hear of it, and
threatened to send her away from Nocton. She stuck to her point. On
the 10th of May, 1670, she wrote in her book : —

' Suppose my father shou'd send for me to his house, and be so severe
as to confine me like a prisoner, yet even in his greatest strictnesse
(tho' he be never so much offended against me for resisting his will), yet
he cannot take from me the blessing of health, and sure I shall have
bookes, if not faithfull friends to converse withall, and then certenly I
shall not be miserable, espeshally since I have a kind good aunt whose
heart I do not doubt but God will incline to be just to me in paying the
thousand pound my deare grandmother Gorge left in her hands for me,
and also generously good-natured in continuing the alowance she has
settled upon me, let me be in what part of the world I will. So shall I
be able to pay all my debts and satisfy the murmering wispers of my
consience.'

She has left us the following account of what happened : —
' When all things were concluded betwixt Mr. Delaval' s friends and
mine for our maryage, I absolutely refused to consent to it, till my aunt

151

Stanhope (in whose hands my thousand pound was left) had first pay'd
me that money to disposs of as I pleas' d. My father arid my Aunt
Stanhope intended it shou'd have been a part of my portion, and did not
at all consern themselves with takeing any care about my debts, which I
thought a very great hardshipe towards me, since, had they not been
pay'd before I was a wife, they must certenly have fallen upon my
husband, which I might very probable have been many times reproach' d
withall by his relations, and have lived for that reason (if for no other)
unhapily amongst them. So I disputed the mater very earnestly with
my aunt, when I found it was both my father's will and hers to make me
change my state of life, and ty me up in bonds I never wou'd have chose,
and which I desier'd might not be made so much the heavyer by a load
of debts. We had a long and firce argument upon this subject. At
length I told my aunt that I was very sure, if my grandmother knew
what pass'd upon earth, I was very sure she wou'd be much displeased
with her for intending to hinder me from being misstress of what my
deare grandmother had given me upon her death-bed. My aunt (who
was extreamly good-natured) being moved by these words, shed some
tears, and imediately gave order that thousand pound shou'd be
pay'd me.'

There was now nothing to prevent the marriage. Though, in lady
Betty's words, ' it was the sad truth that my father's second maryage,
in which he had sons, had drawn him to sacrifice my fortune rather then
not make there's prosperous,' yet the king and queen gave her a marriage
portion, to which lady Stanhope made a considerable addition, and the
marriage was solemnised in October. In this way, she wrote, ' God has
blest me with the kindnesse of a husband and the unspeakeable comfort
of haveing pay'd my creditors.' She was in easy circumstances, though
' not dazell'd with the luster of great riches, nor burthen' d with honnours
nor charmed with so much love for my husband as might make mine
grow cold to my God.' That last clause tells its story. ' That pleaseing
word of liberty being now no more to be pronounced by me as what I
have a right too, I cannot but at the first puting on of shakells find there
weight heavy.'

At the beginning of December her father died. Lady Betty refused
to go and see him in his last illness, an act of revenge on her part which
she afterwards bitterly regretted. ' I cou'd not,' she says, ' be ignorant
that my undutyfull behaveour wou'd grive his soul, which certenly it
did to the very quick.'

She and her husband had remained in London after their marriage.
At the end of the month there came to town the young count Dona,
nephew of the Spanish ambassador, and a relation of William III, then
prince of Orange. He had been an old admirer of lady Betty's, but,
being only a second son, and consequently not well off, her family had
refused to hear of marriage. His arrival hastened her departure, for
she thought it best not to revive old memories, and refused to see him.
She wrote — ,

' I was at that time liveing in London with my father and mother in
law, and it was intended we shou'd have pased that whole winter
all together in towne, it being then but 4 months after my maryage.
But, upon the comte Dona's comeing into England along with the
prince of Orange, to whom he had the honnour to be related, and by
whose interist he hoped my father might be prevaled withall to give
consent that I shou'd be maryed to him, since he came too late for those
flatering hopes to signify anything, I toke the resolution of not staying in
Towne, and I prevaled with Mr. De Laval to go with me to my Aunt

152

Stanhope's at Nocton, where we stayed till the winter was done, that sir
Ralph De Laval and my lady Ann DeLaval came to cary us with them
into the north. All the court was surprissed that I made so short a stay
amongst my friends and relations as only 6 weekes, for they were at that
time of my life very fond of me, and they wonder' d the more at my
going away, because my father and mother in law stay'd behind us ;
but none knew the true cause. I have allways loked upon it as a great
blessing of God Allmighty's that I was then mistresse enough of myself e
to let reason get the better of my inclenation. It cannot be denyed
but that it was very naturall lor a person of my age to have liked better
staying in a place where I was every day much courted by people of the
best quality, and where I was much favour'd by the queen my mistresse,
then to retier to a contry house, where, notwithstanding the prospect
of a hapy peacefull dwelling for a time which I had figured to myself e,
and the pleasures I proposed to have in receiveing the dayly profes of a
sincere kindnesse from my aunt, I did not scape the haveing many
uneasy houers. For I had not been there a weeke, before the Earle of
Rutland came to his hunting house, and, haveing never spoke to me of
love at all (my father haveing maryed me to Mr. DeLaval before the Act
off Parlement was past which gave him leave to mary) I cou'd not but
live friendly with him and receive his visits as I use to do. My aunt's
friendshipe and his continued to be the same it was, and so did his
kindnesse for me. Mr. DeLaval, being a very sickly young man, there
was a sort of deboach'd crew about my lord Rutland that, to make there
court to him dayly, made it there busynesse to be intimate with Mr.
DeLaval, and had resolved amongst themselves to drinke him to death
(as I was informed some time afterwards). One of them, who was more
abominably wicked than the rest, braged to his companions that he had
like to have done up DeLaval's busynesse all at once, for that he very
narowly scaped the last day hunting, tumbling him downe horse and all
a great precepice over the edge of the Clife Hills ; for, he said, catching
him there, he rid against him with all his force, and pretended that his
horse run away with them. After this, they ticed him to go and be
mery at the towne of Lincolne for one night, which was about 6 miles
from my aunt's house, where he stayed with them 3 nights, and at last
came home very much disorder' d, which put him into a cruell fit of
asmah, that being a distemper which use to trouble him very often,
which I knew nothing of before I was his wife. I was so foleish at that
time of my life as to beleive t'was in my power to change any custome
he had that I did not like, and to be very much disoblidged when I found
myselfe mistaken, so that this begining of a maryed life was very
disagreable to me ; but I knew there was no remedy, and therefoz'e
resolved to suffer it with the most patience ; and so, when Sr Ralph
DeLaval and my lady Ane DeLaval came from London in the spring, I
went away with them into Northumberland very willingly.'

Lady Betty's disputes with her husband were a source of grief. This
is one of her Lenten meditations : —

' How miserably have I failed in the performance of this last new duty
I have ingaged myselfe in ; for my wretched heart, being sway'd by a
vaine-gloryous pride, has been many times most senceibly touched with
sorow because my husband broke the vows he had made to me, then
because his intemperate life and other sins of his were offences against
our God ; for which cause I have most commonly reproach' d him in a
disdainefull manner with his injustise in seeming to forget the many
solemn vows he made when he found it difficult day by day to bring my
unconquer'd will to bend to my father's, who by his consent wou'd have

153

given me to Mr. De Laval 8 months before he did. Iff I had taken the
right course when I found myself e unhappy at first in my mary'd life by
griveing truly at whatever Mr. DeLaval did amiss which was offensive,
and had taken a way with a kind consern to represent my thoughts mildly
to him, 'tis very probable that his love to me might have made my just
endeavours prove successfull. But, alasse, on the contrary I have by
another sort of behaveour, with proud ill-natured words to often
tempted him to fall into the fury of a mad and sinfull passion, and thus
have been accessury to his iniquities and miserably increased my own.'

This from Seaton Delaval on the 12th of May : — ' The gayety of my
humour and the harmelesse mirth in my conversation was pleaseing to
those I formerly kept company withall, and what was estimed by them
to be wit in this part off the world is look'd upon to be a gidynesse
unbecomeing a wife, and want of a prudent sober temper.'

There her story ends. The remainder of the book is blank, and the
tale left unfinished.

Amongst the Rutland papers [Hist. MSS. Comm. Reports] is a letter
from the earl of Anglesey to the countess of Rutland, telling her of
the desire of an * over-forward beauty ' to marry his son. In the Delaval
papers in the society's possession, is a letter from Robert Delaval to
his father (June 13th, 1674) telling him of his wife's great unkindness ;

* but I may find a way to be even with her yet.' In a later letter
(Sept. 9th, 1681) the writer tells Sir Ralph that Lady Elizabeth Delaval

* has gone to Scotland, and, before she went, she made her will, and
made it so that your family shall have no benefit. Sir Harry Bellairs
is her chief adviser, and was witness to her will, and said ' your
ladyship does nothing but what is just. Sir Ralph is fool and knave,
governed by his sot wife.' "

Thanks were voted to Mr. Craster by acclamation.

Mr. T. M. Allison, M.D., read a very interesting paper on * The
Flail and its varieties, with some examples and photographs,' in which
he traced the development of the flail to the present time. To place
with the old examples in the society's collection, he presented a modern
example which he had purchased in Ireland recently,

Dr. Allison was heartily thanked. The paper will probably be
printed in Archaeologia Aeliana.

DISCOVERIES AT BISHOPWEARMOUTH.

Mr. John Robinson then read the following note on the lower stone of
an old quern and on recent excavations in Low Row, Bishopwearmouth,
on the site of the ' Hat and Feather ' Inn : —

" Three years ago I brought before the society an interesting discovery
of an ancient quern and roadway at Seaham, and in October of last year,
a brief notice of a sculptured stone which is built into the wall of the
old rectory outhouses at Bishopwearmouth. During the last five
weeks further discoveries have been made in the same locality, within one
hundred yards of Bishopwearmouth church. During the pulling down
of the old ' Hat and Feather ' public house in Low Row at the foot of the
hill, a licensed house which has existed for upwards of 200 years, the
contractors have come upon some interesting remains. At a depth of
about 12 feet below the level of the street and adjoining the disused burial
ground, a section of an ancient roadway, paved with cobble stones, was
brought to light. At the same depth, and close to the ancient pavement*

154

were the thick walls of what had been the boundary, or retaining, wall of
the burn, which may yet be heard rushing down in the culvert below to
the river. There was also fotind the lower stone of an ancient quern,
of millstone grit, 15 inches wide and 6 inches in diameter ; with bowl 8
inches wide and 3J inches deep. At the bottom of the bowl is an iron
spike, or pivot, by which the upper stone was kept in position as it was
turned round in the process of grinding. (See illustration of it on plate
facing p. 146. ) This quern is the first that hes been found in the imme-
diate vicinity of Bishop wear mouth ; and recalls the time when the bishop
of Durham held all the lands in his own hands. In bishop Pudsey's time
( 1 153-97], as appears by the ' Boldon Buke,' the manor of Wearmouth and
Tunstall was held by the bishop, who had 26 villeins and 6 cottagers.
There were a carpenter and a smith, who held lands for their work. The
two places paid 20 shillings cornage, and provided two milk cows for the
household. The lordship was then farmed out and with the increase of
stock and the mill produced £20 a year. In bishop Hatfield's survey
;[ 1345-82] the bond tenants of Wearmouth, Ryhope, Tunstall and
Burden, paid for their mill and brew-farm. We can, therefore, easily
understand how it came about that the payment of the lord's mill
charges were avoided, if possible, by the use of private hand-mills ;
which led to a proclamation that all private mills had to be destroyed, or
a heavy fine imposed. Hence the few querns that are to be found
perfect. They had to be as carefully hidden as were the illicit stills,
for private grinding was the same as smuggling. The discovery of the
piece of cobble-paved road shows that there was an ancient roadway
from Seaham, straight on to Wearmouth, for I have heard that a
similar piece of pavement was uncovered when making deep excava-
tions some years ago for Langham Towers, near Christ Church, and on
a direct line between the Seaham pavement, and that discovered in
the Low Row, Bishop wear mouth. So that within a distance of five
miles we have evidences of this ancient paved way. If Burleigh &
Thompson's plan of the river Wear for 1737 — the oldest local plan in
existence — be examined, it will be seen that the main road from the
south went to Bishop wearmouth church, by the Low Row, on to the
rectory, and then turned to the north west by the river marked — ' Road
from Newcastle by Hylton Ferry Boat.' "
Thanks were voted to Mr. Robinson.

KEPRINTING OF PROCEEDINGS.

The chairman, at the request of some members, drew attention to the
contemplated reprinting, by subscription, of the only volume of the 1st
series of the Proceedings, and of the first volume of the 2nd series, at the
cost of about 10/- or 12/- each, and suggested that those members who
wanted the books should send their names to Mr. Blair, the editor, as
soon as possible, in order that the work of reprinting might be proceeded
with.

MISCELLANEA.

Local Extracts from Ancient Deeds, vol. iv. (continued from p. 116) : —

[N'th'ld] A. 6897. Grant by Alan son of Elyas de Merdesfen, to
John de Reyndone, clerk, and Christian his wife, of a messuage and land
in Merdesfen, with the reversion of all the lands and tenements which
Elyas de Wyttone, and Constance his wife, the grantor's mother, held in

•dower, of the grantor's inheritance expectant on the death of the said
Constance. Witnesses : — Sir Hugh Gabion, sheriff of Northumberland,
Robert Bertrham, and John de Oggil, knights, and others (named).
Seal. [p. 95]

[N'thTd] A. 6927. Indenture being a grant by Roger Bertram, lord
of Mitford, to Sir William de Valencia, lord of Pembroke, for 1,000 marks,
of all the towns of Merdesfen, Calverdone, and Little Eland, with all bond-
men, cottagers, and rents of freemen, &c., reserving the advowsons of
churches and suits of tenants at his mills of Elaunde. Witnesses : — Sirs
Guy de Rocheford, Roger de Clifford, Roger de Layburne, and others
(named), knights, and others (named). Seal of arms (Bertram), [p. 99]
[Kent] A. 7042. Confirmation by the king, to Roger Mar tell, of 10
librates of land in the manor of Sutton which he has of the gift of Baldwin
de Betun, earl of Albemarle, viz., 114a. land of the lordship of the said
earl in Est Sutton ; also two meadows (pratella) lying under the wood
called 'Heicumb' ; also various rents and services specified, from persona
named ; also the orchard of Est Sutton, and the abbve mentioned wood.
Witnesses : — W [illiam] earl of Warenne, William Briwerr, Warin son of
Gerold, William de Ros, Hugh de Sanford, and others (named). Given
toy the hand of master Richard de Mariscis, archdeacon of Northumber-
land, at Durham, 3 September, 14 John. Portion of Great Seal, injured.
•(Rotuli Chartarum, p. 187.) [p. 114]

[N'thTd] A. 7183. Grant by Henry de Wynton, lay brother (conver-
sus), to Sir William de Valence, in consideration of 140£. of the mill of
Faltone with its suit, to hold to him, his heirs, and assigns from the feast
of St. Cuthbert in autumn, 41 Henry III, for thirteen years, as was con-
tained in the chirograph made between the said Henry and Roger Bertram
of the said mill, which chirograph, together with the King's confirmation,
he had delivered to the said Sir William, so that thereafter, neither he nor
his heirs should have any right in the said mill. Witnesses : — Sir
Geoffrey Gacelin, Sir Imbert Guy, Richard, parson of Roubyri, and
•others (named). Portion of Seal. [p. 131]

[N'thTd] A. 1205. Grant by Gilbert, son of Richard the cook of
Birtely, to Richard de Botteland, of all his land in Birtely, in return for
20 marks which Richard has paid to him in his great need. Witnesses : —
Sirs Robert de Insula, Robert de Camhou, and Hugh de Herle ; and others
(named), [p. 133]

[N'thTd] A. 7485. Indenture of feoffment by Ralph, earl of Westmor-
land to Ralph Nevyll his eldest son and Edith his wife of the manor and
lordship of Bywelt, co. N'thTd, the manor and lordship of Bolbek in the
bishopric of Durham, together with the barony of the same lordships, the
manor and lordship of Assheford in ' le Peke,' co. Derby, the manor of
Alverton in Sherewode, co. Notts, the manors of Kirkebymoreshede,
Brauncedale, Ferndale, Gillernor, Faddemore, Buttrecrambe, Scrayng-
me, Cottyngham and Witton,two closes of pasture called Manthlome by
everley and the free farm (liberam fir mam) due from the abbot of Kirk-
all for the manors of Colynghamme and Berdesey, co. York, the manors
f Beasby with the soke, and Stowe by Deping with the free farm of
'rymesby, co. Lincoln, the manor of Caldcottes with the free farm of
le town of Ormesby, cos. Huntingdon, Norfolk, the manor of Talworth
ith the fee farm of Iden, Basyngstoke and Andover, cos. Surrey, Sussex,
.nd Hants, and all his manors with free farms in cos. Devon and Kent,
to hold the said Ralph and Edith, and the heirs of the body of the
said Ralph, with reversion in default to himself ; attornies to deliver
seisin, John Norton, Richard Baynbricc, Henry Cheyne and Richard
Pulley. Witnesses : — George Lomley, lord de Lomley, Thomas de
Lomley his son and heir, William de Hilton, Ralph Bowes, William Eure,

156

and Edward Pikeryng, knights, and William Conyers of Hornby, esquire..
1 Sept. 7 Henry VII. Executed by ' Rauff erl of Vestmorland.' [p. 174]

[Durham] A. 9846. Indenture being an assignment, by William Pollard
to ' Elizabeth doghtyr of Hewe Lamplew at the tyme of esposelys
halowyd and made be twyx me and hyre at the kyrke dore of Seynt Olave
be syde the Abbey of Seynt Maryis of York ' of ' thre mesys ' in the town
of North Awkeland, co. Durham, on the west of the lane called ' Seynt
Anne Chare,' and seven ; borowagys ' and divers closes there, described;
to hold to her for life ' in the name of all hyre dower.' Yorke, [blank]
October, 16 Henry VI. English, [p. 469]

A book on Roman Roads in Britain has been recently published by
the S.P.C.K. The reviewer in the Athenaeum (Nov. 7, 1903, p. 620)
rightly points out as a warning to readers, that ' No evidence exists of a
Roman road from Newcastle to the Lower Coquet, or from Barnard-
castle to Binchester and to Bainbridge.' Perhaps the writer will favour
us with the sources for his statements.

The following are from ' Grants and Certificates of Arms ' in The
Genealogist (xx, 208 & 209) :—

" Lashley* . . a General of the Scottish Army, 1640, who besieged
and took Durham and Newcastle. Or, on a bend Az. betw. two wolves'
heads couped ppr., three round buckles of the first. Crest — A wolf's
head couped ppr. Add. MS. 4966.

Lawson, Thomas, of Little Usworth, co. Durham, and Robert Lawson,
of Rock, co. Northumberland, and to William, John, George, and
Rowland Lawson, all six being sons of William Lawson, of Little
Usworth, gent. Conf. by L. Dalton. Norroy, 28 Feb. 1558. Per pale
Arg. and Sa. a chev. counterchanged. Crest : Two arms counter em-
bowed, vested Erm., the hands ppr., supporting the Sun in its splendour
Or. Hart. MS. 1359."

* The well-known General Alexandei' Leslie of Balgonie, Fife.

FOUND IN CHOLLERTON CHURCHYARD,

18 inches long by 12 inches wide.
(See p. 103.)

3 2
•?"

"o* >

~ M

157

PROCEEDINGS

SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES

OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE.

3 SER., VOL. I. 1904. No. 19.

On Saturday, the eleventh day of June, 1904, a meeting of members
was called for the purpose of perambulating

THE TOWN WALLS OF NEWCASTLE.

A large and representative gathering met in the Castle at 2-30 p.m.
Amongst those present being Mr. William Boyd of North House,
Longbenton, Mr. S. Story Carr of Tynemouth, Mr. Thomas Matheson
and Mr. John Dowson of Morpeth, Mr. W. C. Forster of Newcastle, Mr. J.
R. Hogg of North Shields, Dr. Mason, Dr. and Mrs. Laws and Dr. and
Mrs. Allison of Newcastle, Mr. Wm. Richardson of Willington-on-Tyne,
Mr. W. W. Tomlinson of Whitley, Mr. E. R. Newbiggin, Mr. R. S. Nisbet,
Mr. Truttman, and Mr. J. Wright of Newcastle, and Mr. R. Blair (one
of the secretaries). Councillor David Adams, Mrs. Adams, and several
ladies joined in the perambulation.

The party was conducted by Mr. R. Oliver Heslop, M.A., F.S.A. (one
of the secretaries), who led the way to the basement of the keep and
gave a general account of the original wall circuit of the town. Accord-
ing to Bourne, he said, the entire circuit measured 2 miles 176 yards, but
Aubone, whom that author quotes, gives the distance as 2 miles 293
yards and 2 feet, a figure that would seem to be the result of minute and
accurate reckoning. But whatever the disparity in these authorities
the fact remains that a very large area was included in the fortified line
around the town. We must remember, too, that the walls enclosed not
only the bouses and streets of the inhabitants but large spaces besides,
occupied by fields, parks, and gardens. For these open places we are
indebted to the presence in Newcastle of the great monastic institutions
whose domains they were, and to these monasteries it may be ascribed
that Newcastle was fortified on a scale of such magnitude. For there
can be no doubt that these institutions would contribute largely to the
cost of constructing this effective defence of their possessions. These
religious orders, you will remember, included the Augustinians, whose
domain would be represented by the Carliol Croft ; the Grey Friars, on
whose ground stood what was at a later date known as ' the princely
mansion ' of Anderson Place, the Court of Charles I., during his residence
in Newcastle, and commonly said to be the only instance of a gentle-
man's mansion and park within a walled city. There was also the house
of the Nuns and its fields, commemorated in the present Nun Street and

158

Nun's Gate, and last there was the church and monastery of the Black
Friars with their adjacent stretch of gardens cut through in the con-
struction of the walls. The preservation of these great religious houses
with their extensive adjuncts of fields and gardens accounted for the
vast area included within the walls of our town. So striking was
this that Leland has told us that the walls of Newcastle exceeded in

magnificence those of any city in Britain,
and indeed those of most of the towns of
the Continent. The walls varied in thick-
ness, measurements at the base of various
parts being 6 feet 10 inches, 7 feet 2 in-
ches, and 8 feet 6 inches, the greater
thickness being naturally that of the more
vulnerable points. Besides its seven
great gates, and some four and twenty
intermediate towers the circuit of walls
was furnished, between the towers, with
many lofty turrets ; these were four-
square watch towers, or ' garrites' as they
are technically called, rising high above
the level of the wall and forming its most
picturesque feature. They were pierced
by a passage way on the level of the wall
platform ; access to the summit Vas gain-
ed by outside steps projecting from the
face of the turret and on the battlements
were inserted stone sentinels. Exam-
ples of these figures in possession of the
society were here pointed out, and were
examined with interest. The illustration
annexed is of one of these figures.

Continuing, Mr. Heslop read Bourne's description of these features :
' Between every one of these towers there were for the most part two
watch towers made square, with the effigies of men cut in stone upon the
tops of them, as though they were watching, and they were called
Garret, which had square holes over the walls to throw stones down.'*

The walls were Tampered on the inside, and their defence outwardly
was completed by a great ditch, twenty yards across and fifteen feet
deep. This extensive outer defence, commonly referred to as ' The
King's Dykes,' formed one of the great extramural features of old
Newcastle.

As to the date of the walls the statement that they were probably
begun in the time of William Rufus appeared to be due to a confusion
between work done on the castle walls and the erection of a town wall.
A very little consideration would suggest this period as much too early
for the construction of a town wall. There is a reference to the walls in
a grant by Edward I., dated 1280, wherein the king gave the friar
preachers the concession of a postern gate for access to their garden
beyond the wall, the new wall having cut their garden ground in two.
It has been alleged that because the grant speaks of a new wall (novuni
murum) there must have been an antecedent structure, presumably an
' old wall ' at this time, but it is by no means necessary to assume such
a thing. We constantly adopt the same expression, as in speaking of

Bourne Hist, of Neivcastle, p. 17

Proc. Soc. Antiq. Newc. 3 Ser. I.

To face page 158.

PLUMMER TOWER. CROFT STREET . Inner Face.
From a p':otograp i by Messrs. Thompson & Lee.

HAI.L OF THE SHU-WRIGHTS' COMPANY, over the Sallyport Gate
From a drawing by Mr. R. J. S. Bertram, by permission of Messrs. Thompson & 1-ee.

159

the New Bridge and New Bridge Street, New Road and New Cut, all of
which refer to entirely new works and are not necessarily understood to
imply the existence of older roads and structures on their sites. We
have thus the wall of Newcastle-upon-Tyne referred to in the year 1280
as then completed, and then known as the ' new wall.' No doubt the
entire circuit would be built in sections, as indeed its masonry shows,
and would occupy a considerable period of time throughout the later
years of the thirteenth century for its construction. We do know that
early in the fourteenth century the circumvallation of the town had
been completed. In 1299 a charter for the incorporation of Pandon with
Newcastle had been granted, and in 1307 the wall had been carried
round the newly acquired territory of the town.

Before proceeding to examine the walls themselves the siege o
Newcastle in 1644 was referred to. On that occasion the keep in which
they were assembled formed the dernier ressort of the besieged. But the
last occasion on which the town walls of Newcastle were put into a state
of defence was in the year 1745. In anticipation of the expedition led
by prince Charles Edward gates were built up with masonry, embrasures
were protected, and all was made ready for a siege. The pages of John
Wesley's journal afford a picture of the stir and commotion of the
mayor and the inhabitants in that time of tension. It was owing to
this disturbed condition of the town that the romantic flight of Mrs.
Scott from her house in Love Lane took place, followed by the birth of
her son William at Heworth. But for this, Pandon might have claimed
to be the birthplace of lord Stowell, as it had been the birthplace of the
elder brother John Scott, afterwards lord Eldon.

The party left the castle at the conclusion of Mr. Heslop's remarks,
following the line of the quay wall to Sandgate, where a pause was made
to indicate the site of Sandgate gate. Stones from the wall on the
quayside, it was pointed out, had been utilized for building St. Ann's
church in 1768. The probable position of Habkin tower was also indi-
cated as somewhere between Sandgate and the crest of the hill above.

At Wall Knoll tower, commonly called the Carpenter's tower from
its occupation by the fraternity of ship carpenters, also known as
Sallyport gate, a careful examination of the structure was made. ; Its
very grand and stately superstructure,' so described on its erection in
1716, containing the meeting hall of the fraternity, was found in a
miserable condition. Its interior was occupied by a foreign slipper
maker ; rough partitions divided the hall into several compartments,
and the materials of manufacture and the work in progress were littered
about in confusion. Two carved panels bearing the royal arms and the
arms of the company, respectively, were hung on partitions, quite un-
protected, as was an old iron-bound box belonging to the fraternity
which has on its top the inscription ' SHIPWRIGHTS,' and the date
' 1673,' with some ornaments, all formed of brass-headed nails. On
the walls were some old oil paintings equally neglected. Several of
the party examined the newel stair and doorway leading on to the
battlements on the west face of the tower.

Mr. Heslop pointed out the common mistake by which some of our
older historians had attributed a Roman origin to this site. The line
of the Roman Wall was just a little to the north of Sallyport gate ; and
in what used to be known as Stepney Lane a mile castle had stood on the
crest of the descent into Pandon Dene. This Roman Mile Castle would
thus be some fifty yards to the north, but descriptions given of it, a,s its

160

last vestiges were known, have been confounded with this extant
fourteenth century structure. If the line of the Roman Wall were
continued westward from the Mile Castle it would be found to come to a
point somewhere near the foot of the stairs now leading to the Manors
Railway Station. Thence it passed in front of the piazza of Jesus
hospital by Manor Chare and so westward. The town wall ran parallel
with the Roman line here, but on its southern side. It was also shown
that in the deep dene immediately below, filled up in the formation of
City Road in 1882, was the site of Paiidoii gate. Adjacent to it was the
Stockbridge, so called because the stream had been crossed at that
point by a bridge of wood, distinguished from the stone bridge by which
it was crossed at its lower extremity near its junction with the Tyne.
The name of Fishergate, applied to .the street immediately below,
indicated the character of the ancient thoroughfare, suggesting a stream
navigable by the tide to this point ; and a great calamity, which occurred
here in the year 1339, further showed the character and populousness
of ancient Pan don. The stream of Pan don burn was carried through
the town wall by a tunnel slightly to the west of old Pandon gate. In a
sudden spate, the tunnel, or passage, had become blocked, probably by
floating timber, hay, or other debris, and the water had accumulated
behind the wall in consequence, The wall, in fact, had become a huge
dam across the stream bed until the increasing waters burst their
obstacle, and rushed through the low-lying streets in a mighty deluge,
devastating everything in its track. A great breach was left in the town
wall six perches wide ; and ' 1 60 men with 7 priests and many women
were drowned.' This event had created a widespread interest ; for the
calamity was recorded far and wide by the chroniclers of the time.

Corner tower was the next point visited. Here the right angle turn
in the wall showed the junction made when Pandon became annexed to
Newcastle. Mr. Heslop's reference to Pandon as the site Ad murum
was here genially called in question by one of his auditors and alter-
native situations for the Saxon town were suggested. The conductor,
however, urged the claim of Pandon, which he hoped some day to make
good by sufficiently confirmatory evidence. Corner tower had really
been a turret or watch tower only, pierced with the usual passage way
for thoroughfare on the level of the platform of the walls. Its present
condition is deplorable, the upper courses of stone being loose and its
summit in a state of dilapidation.

Plummer tower, also known as Carliol tower, was next visited.
Once known as the Cutler's tower the building was occupied later by the
incorporated company of Masons, who in 1742 ref rented the street face
of the building with a somewhat elaborate elevation. The decorative
features of the stone work are now much weathered so that the appear-
ance of the front is that of decay. On its outer face, seen from the
Corporation stone yard, the masonry presents an excellent example of
the half round tower attached to the walls. This building will be near
the line of a new street projected from Market Street to Trafalgar
Street, and a strong opinion was expressed that it ought to be spared by
the city council, a rumour of its intended demolition having been heard.

From this point a wide break in the line of the walls occurs ; every
vestige having perished from Plummer tower to St. Andrew's church-
yard in Newgate Street. The walls adjacent to the churchyard have
been thinned to their inner face courses and used as basements for lofty
brick buildings facing the street line of Gallowgate. The site of New-
gate was indicated ; the face of a turret and its outside stair was seen
in the churchyard. The site of Andrew tower was marked by the gap

To face page 160.

PLUMMER TOWER FROM THE EAST.

In August, 1904.
l;rotn a photograph l>y Messrs Thompson, & Lee, Newcastle.

PINK TOWER. (See page 161.)
Shortly before its demolition.

/.t

• w

IP
1 3
I -h

^ M
l"

I 3

D. ?

5' w

161

in the wall now used as an extension of the churchyard. The face of the
wall was here scanned for indications of the breach made during the
siege of 1644, said to have been near to Black Bessy's tower. The
tradition was also referred to that gives this part of the wall as the
scene of the encounter between the Douglas and the Percy before the
battle of Otterburn. In the older ballads this is made the central
incident of events leading up to the battle itself, and it was hardly
necessary, the conductor observed, to remind members that the feat of
arms recorded in the stately pages of Froissart had their popular record
in the cycle of ballads relating to this event. So that in course of time
the historical battle of Otterburn developed by tradition, and by our
ballad literature, into the battle of Chevy Chase. It was the recital of
this later version, even when heard from the harsh throat of an itinerant
crowder, that so stirred the heart of sir Philip Sidney.

The splendid length of wall extending from the Darn Crook to West-
gate Street was now examined with the greatest interest from end to end.
Ever tower, once the meeting house of the companies of paviors,
colliers, and carriage men, was seen to be entirely absorbed in the
adjacent tannery, its windows and doors only appearing as part of the
wall face.

Mordon tower, immediately beyond, was entered and examined with
great interest ; wall and parapet appearing at full height, the bold
character of the cubical ashlar in the lower courses being a marked
feature. The watch tower adjacent is remarkably well preserved.

Between Mordon tower and Herber tower is the postern gate, now
walled up, by which the Black Friars, as shown by their charter of 1280,
obtained access to their garden in the Warden Close. By a second
charter, dated 1312, they obtained leave to construct a drawbridge five
feet wide across the moat outside the wall. The two dates may perhaps
indicate the period when the defence was being completed by the con-
struction of its great moat. There are actually two postern gates near
together here, one a very narrow doorway, the other five feet wide.
Either or both may have been original outlets.

Herber tower, hard by, is fortunately left in an almost perfect con-
dition. It is at present used as a blacksmith's shop and its preservation
has been happily ensured by the effort resulting in the negotiation of a
repairing lease on which it is held.

Durham tower though seen to be greatly neglected is, like Herber
tower, in an excellent state of preservation. The great stone canti-
levers projecting from its face give the appearance of the spokes of a
wheel. The same feature used to be seen at Pink tower, where pro-
jections like these were intended to support a bretische, or screen of
wood, as a protection to the defenders from missiles.

From Westgate members passed down Pink Lane, observing the wall
base in the Tyne Commissioners' yard left there to indicate the site of
the adjacent Gunnar tower. At Forth Street a portion of the wall was
seen in section as the way was continued to Clavering Place and on to
Hanover Square. Here a very fine piece of wall with parapets and
platform complete was seen. The position of the great breach made by
the Scots in the siege of 1644 was pointed out. The circumstance that
the mine by which it was effected had been the work of colliers from
Elswick, impressed for the purpose by the Scots' general, was commented
on. The position of White Friar tower on the verge of the precipitous
batik beyond was also indicated ; and here the party halted, having
completed their long]walk.

162

Mr. William Boyd of Longbenton, proposed a vote of thanks to Mr.
Heslop, expressing an earnest hope that means should be adopted to
preserve the splendid monuments of antiquity just seen. Their
present condition he considered to be disgraceful in its utter neglect of
the structure that had once given splendour to the town of Newcastle.
At a comparatively small cost very large portions of wall remaining
might be put into a condition to prevent further dilapidation and
preserve them to future generations as the prized possessions of the
city.

Mr. Councillor David Adams, in seconding the proposition, expressed
his concurrence with the remarks of Mr. Boyd, adding that he would
gladly, in his position as a councillor, support the spirit of care for all
such monuments of antiquity as they had seen. Their meeting to-day
would be abundantly successful if it tended to increase the interest
taken in our old town walls, and still more if it eventuated in measures
being adopted for their practical preservation.

Thus ended what had been a most interesting and successful gather-
ing.

NOTE.— For an account of the Walls of Newcastle by the late Mr. Sheriton Holmes,
see Arch. Ael. xvin, p. 1, et seq. Separate copies of the paper may be had at the
Castle at I/- each.

MISCELLANEA.

FARES OF THE CHAIRMEN IN NEWCASTLE.

THE FARES to be taken by the CHAIRMEN of this town, for carrying
from any part of the town to any other part thereof, as assessed and
rated by the Justices of the Peace, at the General Quarter Sessions of
the Peace, held in and for the said Town and County, the 14th day of
April, 1790, viz. : —

For carrying a person to any distance not exceeding 1100 s. d.

yards 0 6

Above 1100 yards, and not exceeding 1300 yards 0 9

Above 1300 yards, and not exceeding 2400 yards 1 0

The Chairmen are to stop as often as the person carried shall require,
so as they be not detained longer than ten minutes in a sixpenny fare,
nor more than twenty minutes in a Twelve-penny fare ; otherwise the
Chairmen may chuse whether they will be paid according to the above
rates for length of way, or according to the following rates for length
of time, viz. : — s. d.

For any time not exceeding half an hour 0 G

Above half an hour and not exceeding a whole hour 1 0

And so on in proportion.

N.B. — From twelve o'clock at night, till six in the morning, in
winter, and five in summer, all fares to be double.

** * In case of misbehaviour of the Chairmen, observe the number
of the Chair, and apply at the Town Clerk's office.
[Then follows a list of distances.]

PLACES WHERE CHAIRMEN STAND WITH THEIR CHAIRS.

WILLIAM SEYMOUR, at the head of the Groat Market.

JOHN PEAL, a little above the High Bridge.

DAVID GRIFFITH, opposite the Nun-gate.

DANIEL STEWART, middle of the Groat Market.

1 ( From « The Universal Cash Book, and a Newcastle Pocket Diary/
for 1792.)

163

TREWICK AND BELSAY.

Sir Arthur E. Middleton has kindly furnished the copy of the ancient
deed from his deed chest, from which this has been printed : —
Parchment, Jan. 22, 1365, Thomas de Trewyk to others.

Sciant praesentes et futuri quod ego Thomas de Trewyk dedi con-
cessi et hoc praesenti carta mea confirmavi magistro Thomae de
ffarnylawe vicarius de Emyldon Roberto de Aukland vicarius de
Hertburn et Willielmo Broune capellano totum manerium meum de
Trewyk cum omnibus pertinentiis suis ac omnia alia terras et
tenementa mea in Villa de Trewyk et de Belsowe cum omnibus
comoditatibus ad praedicta manerium terras et tenementa qualiter-
cunque spectantur una cum molendino de Trewyk cnm secta1 sua
habendum et tenendum totum praedictum manerium ac omnia alia
praedicta terras et tenementa cum omnibus suis pertinentiis una
cum molendino praedicto cum secta sua praedictis 'magistro Thome
Roberto et Willielmo heredibus et assignatis suis de capitalibus
dominis feodorum illorum per servicia inde debita et de jure con-
sueta imperpetuum et ego vero praedictus Thomas de Trewyk et
heredes mei totum praedictum manerium ac omnia terras et tene-
menta praedicta cum omnibus suis pertinentiis una cum molendino
praedicto cum secta sua praedictis magistro Thome Roberto et Willielmo
heredibus et assignatis suis contra omnes homines Warantizabirnus
et imperpetuum defendemus In cujus rei testimonium huic cartae
meae sigillum meum apposui Hiis testibus Joh'ne de Walyngton,
Joh'e de ffarnylawe, Joh'e de Wotton, Joh'e de Kyllyngword minor2
Will'o de Whytlawe et aliis Dat' apud Trewyk in die sancti Vincentii
martiris Anno dni millesimo tricentesimo sexagesimo quinto.

(See reproduction of deed facing this page.)

Sir Arthur E. Middleton has added the
following note ; —

' Seal of green wax, in very good pre-
servation, is attached to the deed of St.
Vincent's day [22 Jan.] 1365, whereby
Thomas de Trewyk granted to Thomas de
ffarnylawe,3 vicar of Emyldon, Robt. de
Aukland,4 vicar of Hertburn, and Wm.
Broune chaplain his whole manor of
Trewyk and all other lands and tene-
ments in Trewyk and Belsowe.

' On the seal, in the word Trewyk, the
last letter but one is as it is shown. It
is more like an 'h' than a 'y.' It might
be an 'h,' for Trewyk. The 'S' for
' Sigillum ' is reversed, as shown. The
l>a,rs mid the circular figures that are
shown shaded in the arms, are slightly
rained above the plain of the rest of the
shield. The stars of six points, and the
muill crosses, are as put in the drawing.'

Molendinum de Trewyk cum secta sua, i.e., Trewick Mill with its suit. That is
tlie right, that the tenants of the manor must have their corn ground there.

2 Witnesses names are John de Wotton, which was an alias of Longwitton, and
perhaps for Witton, see Hodgson, vol. n ; John de Killingworth.

3 Thomas de ffarnylawe was vicar of Embleton. He entered circa 1362, resigned
1369, and became chancellor of York. See new Hist, of Xorthd., vol. ir, pp. 64-69.

' Robt. de Aukland, vicar of Hartburn. See Hodgson's Northd., vol. II, p. 296.

164

BEBWICK EXTRACTS FROM THE PATENT BOLLS.

1484, Sept. 15, Westminster. Revocation of the protection with
clause volumus, for one year, granted on 30 July by letters patent to
John Monke alias Munke of London, ' wexchaundeler,' staying on the
king's service in the company of the king's kinsman Henry, earl of
Northumberland, guardian of the east and middle marches of England
towards Scotland, and captain of the town and castle of Berwick, on
the safe custody, defence and victualling of the same, because he
delays in the city of London, as appears by certificate of John
Mathewe and William White, sheriffs. ( 1 Richard in, pt. 5, mem-
brane 1.) [p. 464]

1483, Feb. 26, Westminster. Grant, during pleasure, to the king's
servant Richard Draper, of the office of clerk of the works within the
town and castle of Berwick and wages of 12d. daily from the office of
chamberlain of the town and castle. By p.s. (2 Rich, in, pt. 2,
memb. 7.) [p. 511]

1485, March 8, Westminster. Grant, during pleasure, to the king's
servant George Porter, of the office of chief carpenter of the king's
town and castle of Berwick and \"2d. for his wages, viz., 141. 5s. from
the issues of the city of Norwich, and 41. from the issues of the town
of Ipswich yearly. By p.s. (Ibid., pt. 3, memb. 3.) [p. 541]

Scale a in. to i foot
MEDIEVAL GBAVE COVEB, COBSENSIDE CHURCH.

From a pencil drawing by the Rev. T. Stephens, vicar of Horsley. (Reproduced
from a copy in ink by Mr. Henry Clarke of North Shields.)

165

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES

OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE.

3 SER., V&L. I. 1904.

No. 20.

The first country meeting of the season was held on the eighth day of
July, 1 904, at

BAMBURGH.

Members and friends assembled at Belford railway station at 10-48
a.m. on the arrival there of the train leaving Newcastle at 9*35.
Carriages were in waiting to convey them to Bamburgh.

They drove direct to

ST. AID AN' S CHURCH,

'a good burly church of the time of Henry n.' On arriving at the
church the visitors were met by the Rev. C. Williams the vicar, who
shortly described the building, and pointed out the various objects of
interest in it, and also the double crypt under the chancel. The
' lowside ' window on the north side of the chancel, shown in the illus-
tration,* on paJge 166, walled up, has been recently opened out and filled
with painted glass in memory of the Rev. Canon Long, the late vicar.
They were also shown Grace Darling's monument in the churchyard,
designed by the late Mr. W. S. Hicks to replace the original monument
destroyed by a storm. The marble effigy of 1844 was so corroded by
the action of the weather that it was moved to the north transept of
the church in 1885, and has since been replaced by a copy in sandstone,
provided at the cost of the late lord Armstrong. This monument is
erected opposite to the west end of the church, and at a little distance to
the north of the spot where the heroine was buried. Her cottage, an ivy-
covered structure facing the churchyard, was pointed out by the vicar.

On the 1st April, 1900, a fire broke out in the tower of the church,
but beyond destroying practically the roof of the tower, no further
damage was done.

The Hon. and Rev. W. Ellis, vicar of Bothal, in moving a vote of
thanks to the vicar for his kind attention, remarked that one could read
the early history of Northumberland in the stones of that church,
architecturally it was quite as interesting as it was historically.

The vote was carried by acclamation. Mr. Williams responded.

In the * List of Inquisitions ad quod damnum ' of 9 Edward n
(Public Record Office, Lists and Indexes, No. xvn), is the following

* Kindly lent by the County History Committee.

166

entry, (p. 161): — 'William Galoun to grant a messuage and land in
Bamborough to a chaplain in the church of St. Aidan there, retaining
lands in Emeldon and Wamdham.'

'LOWSIDE' WINDOW, ST. AIDAN'S CHURCH, HAMBURGH.

(See p. 165.)

Members then proceeded to the

CASTLE,

where they were met by Mr. Hart, the resident architect, who acted
as guide to the party, and fully described the buildings and the altera-
tions that had been made. He explained that the earliest stone work
in the courtyard was the keep. The stone of which the castle is built
is very soft. It was doubtful whether the facing in the keep was
original, and although of questionable date the doorway was very
curious. It was probably very early, but it was not supposed to be the
original one. The keep windows were inserted by Dr. Sharp, probably
about 1760,

167

Mr. Hart concluded by reading the following letter, addressed to one
of the secretaries, by Dr. Hodgkin : —

' T am sorry that visitors coming will prevent my sharing, as I should
have liked to do, in the Society's visit to Bamburgh. When I was at
Battle Abbey a fortnight ago," I was much interested by finding that
oyster sht-lls have been extensively used in the building of one of the
towers (at the entrance). Most of them are in the mortar between the
stones, but here and there is one that has been apparently dabbed into
the flat face of the stone, like those in the north face of the keep at
Bamburgh. I suppose the attention of architects has been called to this,
to me, very puzzling phenomenon Possibly the analogy of Battle Abbey
may throw a little light on the question, though I am afraid the buildings
cannot have been contemporary,, as the gateway tower there is said to
date from 1338. Also, in the church at Battle (Transitional) there are
some capitals of columns which reminded me cf the one solitary carved
capital in the nave of Bamburgh church. If any of your party has a
kodak and could photograph this capital for me I should be glad to
send it to the very well-informed verger at that church for comparison
with the capitals there. Can you make any personal appeal to members
to exert themselves on behalf of the Excavation Fund, which, I am
afraid, is greatly languishing ? If we do not do the work ourselves we
must not complain if strangers, perhaps from Oxford or Cambridge,
come and ' take the bread out of our mouths.' '

The thanks of members were voted by acclamation to Mr. Hart on the
motion of Mr. C. B. P. Bosanquet.

At a former meeting of the society at Bamburgh the late Mr. Long-
staffe stated that contrary to expectations, as it was the seat of the
Saxon kings of Northumbria, not a trace of anything Saxon had been
found at Bamburgh. Since that time, however, one or two fragments
of pre-conquest work have turned up, in the shape of portions of a cross,
of which representations are given in the New County History of Northum-
berland (vol. i, p. 20).

In Warkworth's Chronicle (10 Camden Soc. publ. p. 38) there is the
following interesting note of the ' greet gonnes ' that were used in the
siege of the castle temrt. Edward iv. • 'And than my Lorde lieutenant had
ordennede alle the Kinges greet gonnes that where charged at oons to
shute unto the said Castelle, Newe Castel the Kinges greet gonne, and
London the second gonne of irne ; the whiche betyde the place, that
stones of the walles flewe unto the see ; Dysyon, a brasin gonne of the
Kinges, smote thouroughe Sir Rauf Greys chamber oftentymes ; Edward
and Richard Bombartell, and other "of the Kinges ordennaunce, so
occupied by the ordennaunce of my said Lord, with men of armes and
archirs, wonne the castelle of Bamburg with asawte, mawgrey Sir Rauf
Grey, and tooke hym, and brought hym to the Kynge to Doncastre and
there was he execut.'

In 1894 an Ancient British burial ground was discovered amongst the
sandhills a little to the south of St. Oswald's gate, several graves being
uncovered and an urn found. A short account of what was found, by
Prof. McKenny Hughes of Cambridge, with illustrations by Miss
Hodgkin, appeared in the Daily Graphic for 31st August, 1894, p. 13.
Lord Armstrong has kindly promised to make enquiries as to the present
whereabouts of the urn, and to exhibit it at one of the meetings of the
society, that a record may be made of the discovery. *^j

When the castle and estate were sold to the late Lord Armstrong,
with the consent of the Charity Commissioners, he very liberally
signified to the chairman of the Crewe Trustees tho,t ho had no intention
of breaking his connexion with them, and offered to provide in the

168

altered building a room for the library, pictures, and other treasures
that were so highly valued by the trustees, and also two rooms for their
accommodation when they visited Bamburgh. The following illustra-
tion is of the bell tower at Bamburgh : the block has been lent by the
editor of the Newcastle Weekly Chronicle.

Both castle and church having been so fully described on the occasion
of former vieits of the society (Arch. Ael. xiv., 223 ; Proc. in., 393 and
396 ; vi., 187 ; and vin., 233, &c.), and also in the New County History
of Northumberland (vol. i.}, members are referred to the accounts of the
buildings in these publications for further information respecting them.

Members subsequently drove to Belford, and dined together at
5 o'clock, at the Blue Bell hotel, a very enjoyable outing thus most
auspiciously terminating. Most of the party left Belford station by the
G'20 p.m. express for the south.

169

BAMBUBGH (See p. 165).

The following are a few additional notes from various sources relating
to Bamburgh : —

In ' a roll of parchment about 5 feet long,' dated London, 5 Dec.,
5 Edw. [2], one article is against Sir Henry de Beaumont. ' Another
article says that Lady Vescy got the King to give Bamborough Castle to
Henry de Beaumont ; that it is a regality ; and is to be taken from him.'
— Hist. MSS. Comm., A p. to 6 Rep. p. 345a.

Thomas de Baumburgh, parson of the church of Embleton, to grant
messuages and land in Bamburgh and Fulbrigg in Bamburgh to a
chaplain in St. Aidan's church, Bamburgh, retaining messuages in
Bamburgh. — ' Inquisitions ad quod damnum,' 6 Edward III. (Public
Record Office, Lists aud Indexes, xvn., p. 317).

The men of Bamborough to have a lease of the demesne lands of
Bamborough Castle for a term of years. — Ibid. 8 Edw. III. (Ibid. p.
332).

In a letter of 15 March, 1596-7, dated from Newcastle, Sir John
Fortescue thus writes to Sir Robert Cecil : ' It hath pleased Almighty
God to call to his mercy Thomas Collingwood, late son of Sir Cuthbert
Collingwood, wherefore I must be an humble suitor for the wardship
and marriage of the son of the said Thomas Collingwood, for that both
Sir Cuthbert and he owe suit to the castle of Bamburgh. If it may
stand with your good liking to help me to the same wardship, I will
bestow £200 upon my good lord, your father, and you.' — Hist. MSS.
Comm., Hatfield papers, VII., p. 115.

Bartram Dawson, a tailor and draper in the city of York, of which he
was made free in 1476, and was chamberlain in 1491, sheriff 1496-7, 'and
elected an alderman in 1507, by his will of 22 Ap., 1515, left ' to Baum-
burghe kyrke in Northumberlande a vestement wt. all thynges per-
teynyng, to the price of xxvjs. viijd.' He was a Northumbrian,
having been ' gotten & borne in the town of Warmedeii in the pariche of
Bamburght, & Cristened w'in the pariche churche of the same, havying
to his godfaders Ric' Craucester of the town of Craucester, gent', and
another, as owing to his accent it was believed he was a Scot, and was
therefore obliged in York to prove his nationality ; this was vouched for
by ' George th' abbot of the monastery of our Lady of Alnewyk, Sir

Rauf Gray of Chelvyngham , Sir Ric' Brown vycar of Heddon

Sir Robert Crofton M. of the towne of Bamburght, Sir Ric'

Davyson vycar of Ellyngham John Hall constable of the said

town of Bamburght,' and others. The curious document is printed in
full in Testamenta Eboracensia, vol. v., p. 61 (79 Surt. Soc. publ.)

Amongst those present were : — The Hon. and Rev. W. Ellis, rector of
Bothal ; Mr. and Mrs. L. C. Lockhart, Mr. H. F. Lockhart, and Mr. L.
A. K. Lockhart, Hexham ; Mrs. Sandwell, Mr. R. S. Nisbet, Mr. T.
Matheson, Mrs. and Miss Oswald, Mr. and Mrs. W. Heatley, Mr., Mrs.,
and Miss Truttman, Newcastle ; Mr. and Mrs. John Dowson, Mrs.
Angus, Councillor and Mrs. Allon Burn, Morpeth ; Dr. Burman,
Alnwick ; Miss Newton, Chathill ; Mr. John Graham, Sacriston : Mr.
R. J. Semple, Darlington ; Mr. J. M. Moore, Harton ; Mr. J. C. Hodgson,
Alnwick; Mr., Mrs., and Miss Bosanquet, Rock; M*\ George Irving,
West Fell, Corbridge ; Mr. T. Williamson, and the Misses Williamson,
North Shields ; Mr. James Jobling, Morpeth ; Mr. R. Blair, Harton,
near South Shields, &c.

170

MISCELLANEA.

The fallowing is copied from the original document in the possession
of Mr. Ralph Nelson of Bishop Auckland, a member of the society : —

IN THE FIRST FRUITS OFFICE.

exd 19 Feb., 1762. p. W. H.

• A Valor of the sev1 Eccl'i'al Benefices in ye Co. of Dm taken ye 26th
of Henry ye 8th by virtue of a certain very regular Commission directed
to sev1 Comrs wherein inter alia is contained.

The Deanry of ye collegiate Ch. of Auckld Wm Strangeways, Clerk,
Dean there.

Value. The Site of a Mansion with Glebe Lands £20. The Rents
of Tenemts in Ad, Redworth, Fishburn, Lintsgreen, Woodhouses, &
Hamsterley £11. Tythes & Oblacons with or Profits as Easter
Offerings &c. £70. In ye whole by ye year £101.

Then follow ye Outgoings viz. annually. £ s. d.

Fee Farm Rent to ye Bp 01010

To yc Archdeacon of D"1 for Sinodales & Proxies . . 020

To Pd Greathead (does not say for wl) 4 13 4

To Wages of 6 Choristers each 53s. 4d 10 0 0

Tot' Outgoings 21 G 2

Clear . . £79 13 10

Hamsterley Preb.

Nicholas Lentall Prebry there in ye whole annual value of Is. Od.
Preb. let to Farm with 66s. & Sd. yearly pd to lohn Thorp Lay Chanter
there £4 65. Sd.

Preb5 Names. Value.

£ s. d.

1. Auckld & Binchester 9 6 8

2. Second Prebend of Ad 813 4

3. 1st Preb. of Eldon 813 4

4. 2nd 10 0 0

5. 3rd Eldon 813 4

G. 4th 813 4

7. Shildon 816 8

8. Witton ; 413 4

9. West Ad 8 0 0

10. St. Helen Ad

11. Hamsterley 468

£79 16 8

Witton Preb. The Profits & Emolumts of ye sd Preb. yearly wth!
66s. Sd. pd yearly to In0 Hodgson Lay Chanter £4 13 4^

Lanchester Deanry.

Scite of ye Mansion of ye sd Deanry Glebe Lands, Tythes of Corn
Hay Wool Lambs Calves Hogs Geese Chickens Easter Offerings &

or small Oblations £40 0 0

[Endorsed : * Abstract of Return of Eccl'i'al Benefices in ye Co. of
Dm wth K. Henry ye 8th Com" &c. annexed, in 1st Fruits Office.']

171

The following local notes are taken from the Calendar of Patent
Rolls, 1476-1485:—

1476 Oct. 14, Westminster. Restitution of the temporalities of the
bishopric of Durham, with all issues from the time of voidance, to the
king's clerk Master William Dudley, whom the pope has appointed
bishop on the translation of Laurence, late bishop, and who has re-
nounced everything prejudicial to the king ar-d whose fealty the king
has taken. [Fcedera.] By K. (16 Edw. iv. pt. 2) [p. 2].

1476, Oct. 8, Westminster. Mandate to the escheator in the county
of York for the restitution of the temporalities of the archbishopric of
York to Laurence, late bishop of Durham, whom the pope has appointed
archbishop and who has renounced everything prejudicial to the crown
and whose fealty the king has taken. By K. [Fadera].

The like to the escheators in the following counties : — Northumber-
land, Nottingham and Derby, Lincoln, Oxford, Middlesex, Gloucester
and the marches of Wales adjacent. The like to the Mayor of Kynges-
ton on- Hull. The like to the mayor of York.

Writ de intendendo in pursuance to the tenants.
(Ibid. Membrane 17), [pp. 0 and 10.]

1477, Jan. 12, Westminster. Licence for the king's kinsman George
Nevyle, knight, lord Bergevenny, son and heir of Edward Nevyle, knight,
late lord Bergevenny and Elizabeth his wife, to enter freely into all
baronies, castles, manors, lordships, honours, commotes, cantreds, alien
pr-iories, lands, rents, reversions, services, mills, fisheries, pensions,
portions, forests, offices, courts leets, views of frank-pledge, turns,
sheriffs' turns, returns of writs and executions, chaces, advowsons,
knights' fees, tenths, forfeitures, wreck of sea, fee farms, tolls, customs,
advowsons, franchises, liberties, privileges, jurisdictions, possessions,
fairs, markets, profits and hereditaments in England, Wales and the
marches, Ireland and the town and marches of Calais, which should
descend to him by the deaths of the said Edward and Elizabeth or any
of his ancestors, saving to the king homage and fealty. By K. (Ibid.
Membrane 15) [p. 12]

1478, Feb. 21, Westminster. Licence for the king's brother Richard,
duke of Gloucester, or his heirs or executors, to found a college at
Barnard Castell within the castle there of a dean and twelve chaplains,
ten clerks and six choristers and one clerk to celebrate divine service
and offices in the chapel within the castle for the good estate "of the king
and his consort Elizabeth, queen of England, and the said duke and
Anne his wife and his heirs, and for their souls after death, and the
souls of the king's father Richard, late duke of York, and the king's
brothers and sisters, to be called the college of the said duke at Barnard
Castell, and for the said dean and chaplains to acquire in mortmain lands,
rents, services and other possessions and advowsons of churches to the
value of 400 marks yearly. [Monasticon, vi., 1440]. By p.s. (Edw.
iv., pt. 2, Membrane 16) [p. 67]

Feb. 21, Westminster. Licence for the same to found a college at
Midelham of a dean and six chaplains, four clerks and six choristers and
one clerk to celebrate divine services and offices as above in the parish
church there, to be called the college of the said duke at Middelham, co.
York, and for the said dean and chaplains to acquire in mortmain lands,
rents, services and other possessions and advowsons of churches to the
value of 200 marks yearlv. [Monasticon, vi., 1440] By p.s. (Ibid.
Memb. 16) [p. 67]

1480, Dec. 13, Westminster. Pardon to William, bishop of Durham,
John, bishop of Worcester, William, lord Hastynges, John Wake the

172

elder, esquire, William Catesby, Thomas Lymeryk, Richard Maryett
and William Crabbe of the trespass in acquiring from Elizabeth, late
dame, Latymer, late^the wife of Thomas Wake, deceased, esquire, the
manors of Beeley, co. Worcester, and Wykewone, co. Gloucester, held in
chief, to fulfil her will and entering thereon without licence. By p.s.
(20 Edw. iv., pt. 2, Memb. 13) [p. 253]

1481, May 25, Westminster. Mandate to all bailiffs and others to
permit William Robynson alias Smyth, ' smyth,' born in Scotland,
dwelling at Shirbourne in the bishopric of Durham, who has taken an
oath of fealty, to inhabit the realm peaceably and enjoy his goods.
Like mandate in favour of Walter Laurenceson alias Lauranceson, born
in Scotland, dwelling at Greteham, in the bishopric of Durham. (21
Edw. iv., p. 2., Memb., 17) [p. 270]

1481, Sept. 25, Scrooby. General pardon to William Fedurstonagh
alias Fetherstonehaugh alias Fedustone late of Stanhope in Wardale
within the bishopric of Durham, ' gentilman,' alias late of Boston, co.
Lincoln, of all offences committed by him before 10 July last. By p.s.
(Ibid.) [p. 287]

1483, Dec. 4, Westminster. Presentation of George Ratclyff,
chaplain, to the parish church of Wermouth, in the diocese of Durham,
in the king's gift by reason of the temporalities of the bishopric being in
his hands. By p.s. (i Rich, in., pt. 2, Memb., 24) [p. 374]

1483, Dec. 11, Westminster. Grant to Alexander Skynner, chaplain,
of the perpetual chantry of Fernakers within the parish of Quykham, in
the diocese of Durham, void by the death of Thomas Bartram, chaplain,
r.nd in the king's gift by reason of the bishopric being void and in his
hands. Presentation of the said Alexander to the same. (Ibid.
Memb. 24) [p. 374]

1484, April 24, Nottingham. Grant to Master John Shirwood, professor
of theology and the king's proctor in the court of Rome, and his assigns
of the custody of the temporalities of the bishopric of Durham with
advowsons from the death of William, last bishop, so long as they
remain in the king's hands. By p.s. (Ibid., pt. 4, Memb. 14) [p. 436]

1485, Aug. 7, Nottingham. Pardon to John Shirwode*, bishop of
Durham, alias prothonotary apostolic, alias late orator of the king,
alias late archdeacon of Richemond, alias professor of theology, of all
acceptances and publications of apostolic letters and bulls, and all
entries upon any ecclesiastical temporalities. [Fcedera]. By p.s.
(Ibid. Memb. 9) [p. 548]

1485, Aug. 6, Nottingham. Mandate to the escheator in the county
of York for the restitution of the temporalities of the bishopric of
Durham to John, whom Sixtus, late pope, provided to be bishop on the
death of William, last bishop, and who has renounced everything
prejudicial to the king in the paper bull by Thomas Scrope of Upsall,
knight, his proctor, and whose fealty the king has taken by the said
proctor. [Fcedera]. By p.s. (3 Rich, m., Memb. 8) [p. 548]

He occurs in commissions of the peace for Yorkshiie from 14S5 to 1494

173

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES

OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE,
3 SER., VOL. I. 1904. No. 21.

The ordinary monthly meeting of the society was held in the library
of the Castle, Newcastle, on Wednesday, the 27th day of July, 1904, at
seven o'clock in the evening, Mr. J. V. Gregory, one of the vice-presi-
dents, being in the chair.

Several accounts, recommended by the Council for payment, were
ordered to be paid.

The following ORDINARY MEMBERS were proposed and declared duly
elected : —

i. David Adams, Newcastle,
ii. Allon Burn, Bridge Street, Morpeth.

The following NEW BOOKS, ETC., were placed on the table : —
Present, for which thanks were voted: —

From the author : Runeligstene og Mindesmcerker knyttede til Kirker,
vol. iv., by Ludv. F. A. Wimmev, large fo. Koebenhavn, 1903-4.
Exchanges : —

From the Shropshire Archaeological and Nat. Hist. Soc. : — Trans-
actions, 3 ser. iv., ii., 8vo.

From the Yorkshire Archaeological Society : — (i.) The Yorkshire
Archaeological Journal, pt. 69 (xvm, i.) [See pp. 76-78 for a
list of the names of rebels belonging to Durham county (from the
Bowes MSS. ), who were executed for their participation in the
Rising in the North.] ; and (ii.) Index of the'Papers contained in
vols. i. to xvii. both 8vo.

From the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, U.S.A. : — Annual
Report, thick extra cl., 1904.

From the Surrey Archaeological Society : — Archaeological Collections,
vol. viii., 8vo. cl.

From the Cambrian Archaeological Association : — Archaeologia Cam-
brensis, April and July, 1904, 8vo. (6 ser. iv., ii. and iii.)

From the Historic Society "of Lancashire and Cheshire : — Transactions
for 1902, LTV (N.S., xvin^.

From the Nordisk Oldkyndighed og Historie : — Aarboeger, xvni, i.

From the Historisch-Philosophischen Vereins : — Neue Heidelberger
Jahrbucher, xin, i.

From the Verein fur Nassauische Altertumskunde : — (i ) Annalen,
xxxin , ii , large 8vo ; and (ii ) Mittheilungen, large 8vo.

174

Purchases : — Unoriginal drawings, by the Rev. E. A. Downam, of Ancient
British Camps [being plans of Ambersbury Banks, Pitchbury
Ramparts, and Uphall, Essex ; Arbelows, Brough, Bull Ring,
Castle Nay (Combs Moss), Hathersage Camp Green, Mam Tor,
Pilsbury Castle, and Staden Low, Derbyshire] ; Roman Hayling,
a contribution to the History of Roman Britain, by Talfourd Ely ;
Jahrbuch of the Imp. Germ. Archl. Inst., xx., i. and h., large 8vo.
plates ; Der Obergermanisch-Raetische Limes des Roemerreiches,
lief. xxi.—Kastell Walldurn d: Kastell Weltzheim ; The New
English Dictionary, vol. vni., Q — Ree ; Warrington's Roman
Remains, by T. May, thick 4to, cl. ; Beverley Chapter Act Book, n.
(108 Surtees Society publ.), 8vo. cl. ; The Registers of Whitburn
and of St. Margaret's, Durham (Northumberland and Durham
Parish Reg. Society) 8vo. ppr covers ; The New History of North-
umberland, vol. vii., large 4to. cl. ; Notes and Queries, 10 ser.,
23-30 ; The Antiquary for June and July, 1 904 ; and The
Reliquary for July, 1904.
The editor (Mr. Blair) placed on the table part 62 of Archaeologia

Aeliana, being the third and concluding part of vol. xxv.

The following recommendations of the council were agreed to : — •
(i.) The purchase of Codrington's Roman Roads in Britain, and Influence
of the Pre- Reformation Church on Scottish Place-names, by James Murray
Mackinlay (12/10) ; (ii.) The holding of an afternoon meeting at Tyne-
mouth, on Mr. Clephan's invitation, to see his collection of arms and
armour, on a day to be settled Dy him and Mr. Blair ; and (iii.) To join
the Associated Societies in Conference.

EXHIBITED : —

By Mr. W. Charlton of Northallerton : — A water colour drawing (? by
Good of Berwick) of the interior of Holy Island church from the
west, made somewhere about 1830, judging from the dress of the
figures. (See reproduction of exterior of church, and of the
window shewn on the right of the accompanying plate, both from
drawings by T. S. Good, Proc. v., between pp. 132 and 133 and
facing p. 133.)

Raine (North Durham, p. 147) informs us that in his time ' the church '
was ' very respectably pewed with old black oak. The pulpit is even orna-
mental. One of its decorations is a shield, upon which is carved ' 1646,
T. S. May 3.' ' Since Raine' s time the ' old black oak ' has all dis-
appeared. The late Mr. T. W. U. Robinson of Houghtoii-le-Spring, had
the oak shield bearing the date 1646. The drawing, which probably
came fiom the Selby sale about 1840 to 1850, is interesting as shewing
two maiden or funeral garlands suspended from the roof of the nave.
The latest survival of this custom seems to have been in Derbyshire
(see article in the Reliquary, 1 ser. i, p. 5, by the late Llewellynn Jewitt
on the subject ; also Chambers' s Book of Days, i, 271, where some illus-
trations are given, and Jefferson's History of Thirsk). ' These garlands
were carried before the corpses of unmarried females on their "way to the
grave, and then hanging up the garland in the church as a memento of
the departed one.' ' There is a good garland in a glass case and bracket
in the vestry of Trusley church, Derbyshire' (C. C. Hodges).

Amongst the ' Inquisitions ad quod damnum ' of 32 Edward i., as
given in Lists and Indexes xvii, p. 73 (Public Record Office), is ' William
de Gosewyk to grant messuages and land in Alnham near Alnwick and
Ewart near Wooler to a chaplain in the parish church of Holy Island,
retaining lands in Glantoii in Whittingham (Glentindon), Alnham, ancj
Earle in Doddington (Yerdel).'

175

By Mr. John S. Fairs, one of the churchwardens of St. John's church,
Gateshead Fell : — A rubbing of the inscription on an old bell in
that church which reads: + IHESVS BE OVR SPED 1610, the 'S'
being reversed, below the inscription are the letters WB and iw,
probably the initials of churchwardens of the time, and the bell-
founder's mark (?), a griffin issuing from a ducal crown.
[As the church is quite modern, not having been built till 1825, the
bell must have originally belonged to some other church. It may have
been brought from Hawkes, Crawshay & Co.'s Works, to which probably
it had been sent to be broken up, as it was placed in the tower by the Rev.
W. Hawkes, the first incumbent, a son of Sir R. S. Hawkes of Newcastle.
The dimensions are, height to crown, 2 feet 2| inches, diameter at
mouth, 2 feet 11 inches, and estimated weight from 8 to 10 cwt.]

NEWLY DISCOVERED ROMAN CENTURTAL STONES.

Mr. Blair (one of the secretaries) read the following note : —
' Tliree inscribed centurial stones have been found within the past
year amongst the debris of the great Wall,
north of Allalee, while the tenant, Mr.
Woodman, was collecting stones to build
a hay shed at that place. Two of them
are now built into the wall of the shed.
One is a stone 12 ins. long by 7 ins wide,
and the inscription on it is o MAXT, the
century of Maximus, or something of the
kind. On the other the inscription is
illegible. * The third stone has been carried
to Low Town farm, about half a mile to
the west. It is 11£ ins. long by 9 ins. wide, and bears the inscription

in a moulded panel : COH vin | > succi
(of the 8th cohort, the century of Seccus
or Seccius.) the OH of ' COH ' being tied.
The curious thing about this inscription is,
that it is the duplicate almost of a stone
which for very many years has been built
upside down in the bottom course on the
east side of a wall a little west of the house.
The late Dr. Bruce (Lapid. Sept., No. 291)
gives the reading of the latter as con
vin [o] SIL[I]CCI, of the^th'cohort, the cen-
tury of Silicius. At the back of the
byre, a very old building, formerly
the farmhouse, built apparently of
Wall stones, there is a small pig-
house. Into it is built, face inwards,
an inscribed stone. Though the
tenant distinctly remembers the
unison building the stone into the
wall yet he cannot now name its exact position. As Dr. Bruce (Lap.
Kept., 290) on Horsley's authority, gives inscriptions on two stones at
Low Waltown, but as they were then lost he could not supply illus-
trations of them. Horsley's readings are o COH^VIII^XIIAN and co. Can
that built into the pig place be one of these inscriptions ?

* Mr Haverfield has seen the stones since their arrival at the Blackgate museum.
He reads this COH in | 3 KMI . . ' but it is sadly illegible.' Th« other, he thinks, reads
> MAXT, ' but the stroke over the I may be accidental.'

176

In a wall about a quarter of a mile to the west of the house is another
ceiiturial stone with 'two lines of an inscription apparently, but this is
difficult to read, being rather awkwardly placed.

I went to Aesica last Saturday and made squeezes of the inscriptions,
but the only one which has come out satisfactorily, that of the stone now
in Mr. Robson's possession, I now exhibit. On my return I wrote to
Mr. Coulson, the owner of Aesica. and of the land on which the stones
were found, asking him to present them to the society, and I am glad to
say he has very kindly acceded to my request, conditionally, however, on
plain stones being inserted in the walls in place of the inscribed stones.

The best thanks of members are not only due to Mr. Coulson for his
gift, but also to Mr. Woodman and to Mr. Robson for preserving them.
Thanks are also due to Mr. Wood of Low Row station, to whom Mr.
Woodman pointed out the stones, who communicated their discovery
to me. I therefore move that our best thanks be given to these
gentlemen.'

Thanks wrere voted accordingly by acclamation.

THE BENWELL ALTAR TO ANTENOCITICUS. (See p. 142.)

M. Robert Mowat of Paris, has thus written to Mr. Blair, one of the
secretaries, respecting this altar : ' I entirely agree as to the reading
DEO AN[T]ENOCITICO j SACRV [M] | COH I VA .... either Vangionum or
Vardulorum ; perhaps Vangionum is preferable, as it fits tight in the
space available, whilst Vardulorum is rather too long by one letter. As
for that fourth line hitherto unread, and plainly deciphered on the
phototype QVBP that is to say, quib(us) p[raeest] ; the following
missing word should then be the name of the commanding officer,
tribunus or praefectus of the cohort. The formula cui praeest, or quibus
praeest, is frequent in military diplomas and inscriptions. See Corp.
Insc. Lot. vn. 1195 and Lapid Sept. p. 3 (Riveling diploma), C. I. L.,
1193 and Lapid Sept. p. 7 (Malpas diploma) ; G. I. L. in., dipl. LI.:
Equitibus qui inter singulares militaverunt castris novis Severianis,.
quibus praeest Aelius Victor, tribunus.'

OLD DEEDS RELATING TO NEWCASTLE. (See page 144).

The following are Mr. O. J. Charl ton's abstracts of the deeds, be-
longing to the society, from the Phillipps sale : —

1. 20th Nov., 11 Eliz., 1568. Indenture, in English, between Cuthbert
Collingwood of Eslington, Northumberland, esquire, of the one part
and Thomas Collingwood of Great Ryall, in the same county, gentle-
man, of the other part. The said Cuthbert Collingwood grants to tho
said Thomas Collingwood all his lands, tenements, rents, reversions
services, and hereditaments, with their appurtenances situate in the
town, territory and fields of Great Ryall, then or late in the occupation
of the said Thomas Collingwood, Edward Atcheson, William 1'orat,
John Read, George Atcheson, John Perat, and Thomas Mawtel;i.u<l.
Signed by Cuthbert Collingwood. Witnesses : Robert Collingwood,
Thomas Ledell. Henry Collingwood, John Reid and John Ersdene.
Seal : circular, ^-$inch in diameter ; in centre a garb tied by a long rope ;
round the edge the inscription, ' + Sans variaunce terme de vie.'

2. Same date. A bond, in Latin, by Cuthbert Collingwood, binding
himself to pay to Thomas Collingwood £40 on the Feast of the Nativity
next after the date of the bond. Signed by Cuthbert Collingwood-

177 .

Same witnesses as in No. 1. The condition, on the reverse, in English,
is that the said Cuthbert Collingwood shall observe and perform the
covenants and agreements contained in No. 1. Seal same as before. gj|

3. 24th Nov.. 1568. Deed poll, in Latin, by Cuthbert Collingwood
granting all his lands, etc., in Great Ryall, as in No, 1. to Thomas
Collingwood, in consideration of £60, and appointing Lawrence
Thornton of Staynton Sheildes, Northumberland, gentleman, and
John Unthanke of Unthanke, in the same county, gentleman, his
attorneys to make livery of seisin. Portion of seal remaining, same
as in Nos. 1 and 2. Signed by Cuthbert Collingwood. Witnesses as
in No. 1.

4. 1st Oct., 1618, 16 James I. Bond, in Latin, by Robert Burrell of
Millfield, Northumberland, gentleman, binding himself to pay £500 to
Thomas Btirrell of Kyllham, in the same county, gentleman. The con-
dition, written below, in Engiish, recites that the said Robert Burrell
had bargained and sold to the said Thomas Burrell for £240 all the
lands, tenements, and hereditaments in Humbledon, in the county of
Northumberland, which were late in the occupation of Thomas
Burrell, father of the said Robert Burrell, or his assigns, and after his
decease came into the possession of the said Robert Burrell, and at the
date of this bond in virtue of the said bargain and sale were in the
occupation of the said Thomas. Burrell, being of the. yearly rent of
forty shillings ; that the said lands, etc., were purchased in trust in
the name of William Wallis, late of Akeld, Northumberland, gentle-
man, deceased, for Robert Burrell, grandfather of the said Robert
Burrell, party to this bond, and were, at the date thereof, by the act
of William Wallis, grandchild of the said William Wallis, 'together
with other his own lands, entailed to such uses as in the entail were
limited ; that the said Robert Burrell, party to this bond, by reason of
the said entails could not convey to the said Thomas Burrell such an
estate in fee simple as was requisite ; and that if the said Robert
Burrell, his heirs, or assigns, should, within the space of 7 years after
the date of this bond, give to the said Thomas Burrell such a good and
absolute estate in fee simple as the said Thomas Burrell should require,
and until then warrant the said lands, etc., to the said Thomas Burrell,
then this bond should be void. Signed by Robert Burrell. Witnesses
Edward Clavering and Oliver Scott. Part of the foot of the deed is
torn oft', and near the foot is a memorandum of an agreement between
the parties to the bond that the said Thomas Burrell should be con-
tented with the rent and service reserved in George Bridon's lease of
dated the 20th

5. Copy of a deed poll by John Dove of Whitlowe, Northumberland,
gentleman, and Mary his wife. Recital of the grant by them to
Alexander Vaich of Newcastle- upon- Tyne, yeoman, of a tenement in
the occupation of Edward Forster, cordwainer, situate in the Side,
Xewcastle-upon-Tyne, adjoining upon a tenement in the occupation of
the said Alexander Vaich, and warranty of the same to him by them.
' And I the said Mary not any way forced or compelled by my said
husband of my own free will and account have come into the Guild-
hall of the town of Newcastle-upon-Tyne and personally appeared in
full and open court there betwixt the four benches, thereof before
Thomas Bonner, esq., mayor, Peter Sanderson, sheriff, the alderman
of the same town, and divers other honest men and according to the
custom of the same town being alone examined and sworn upon
the holy evangelist, have sworn that whatsoever hereafter shall
become of my said husband this my act and deed I will never

178

contradict nor labour to make void but the same against me and my
heirs shall stand firm and stable and I desire that my act and deed
may be enrolled. And because unto many our seals are unknown "we
have therefore procured the seal of the Mayoralty of Newcastle-upon-
Tyne to be hereunto affixed.' Dated 12th Dec., 1651. Executed in
the presence of John Williamson, Thomas Cotlowe, Robert Bulmari.
' Taken and acknowledged in open court the day and year within
written by the within named Mary Dove first sworn and above
examined before us Thomas Bonrier, mayor, Leonard Carr, Henry
Dawson, Mark Millanke, Christopher Nicholson, Peter Sanderson,
sheriff, Thomas Milbourne, Anthony Walker, Wm. Warren, John
Waithman, Wm. Jackson. Inrolled in the book of Inrollemeiits
remaining in the Guildhall of the town of Newcastle-upon-Tyne,
12 Dec., 1651. This true copy of the original taken and examined
the 2nd day of August, Anno regni regis Caroli secundi nunc
Angliae vicesimo tertio Annoque Domini 1671 by us George
Pinckney, Robert Bulman, notaries public.'

6. 9th June, 2 William and Mary, 1690. Indenture between George
Armstrong of Sandhoe, Northumberland, yeoman, of the one part,
and William Dawson of Wall, in the same county, yeoman, of the
other part. The said George Armstrong in consideration of £160
grants to the said William Dawson all his messuage or farmhold
situate within the town and towne fields of Sandhoe aforesaid,
then in the occupation of the said George Armstrong, except
one close called Kells Leazes. Proviso for redemption on pay-
ment of £160 at Whit Sunday, 1693, and also of £9 a year by
equal portions at Martinmas and Whitsunday. Recital of a bond
of like date securing the principal and interest. The property,
if not redeemed on the day appointed, to be similarly redeemable at
the expiration of any subsequent peroid of three years. Proviso for
repayment of the £160 at the expiration of 3 years from the date of the
deed on six months' notice being given by the said William Dawson,
and similarly at the expiration of any subsequent period of 3 years.
Signed by G^eorge Armstrong. WTax on tag without impression of a
seal. Attestation clause and memorandum of livery of seisin endorsed.
Witnesses : Edward Straight, Elizabeth Straight, Edmund Burdoss,
Robert Dawson.

7. 29th Sept., 3 Anne, 1704. Indenture between William Dawson of
Wall, Northumberland, yeoman, and Catharine Armstrong, spinster,
daughter and sole heiress of George Armstrong late of Sandhoe, in the
same county, yeoman, deceased, of the one part, and Ralph Soulsby of
Cocklaw, in the same county, yeoman. Recital of the above inden-
ture No. 6, and that the sum of £160 therein mentioned wras not paid
by the said George Armstrong, and that he was since dead. The said
William Dawson, in consideration of £160 paid to him by the said
Ralph Soulsby, grants, by the direction of the said Catharine Arm-
strong, all the hereditaments mentioned in the indenture No. 6, with
the exception therein named, to the said Ralph Soulsby, subject to
the provisoes and conditions contained in the said indenture. Proviso
for redemption on payment by the said Catharine Armstrong to the
said Ralph Soulsby of £9 12s. Od. on 1st May, 1705, £9 12s. Od. on 1st
May, 1706, and £169 12s. Od. on 1st May, 1707. Signed by William
Dawson, and Catharine Armstrong. Two seals, both the same;
circular, |inch diameter ; device, a conventional flower. Attestation
clause and memorandum of livery of seisin endorsed. Witnesses •.
John Hutchinson, his mark, Tho. Ridley, William Dixon, his mark,

179

John Carr. Receipt endorsed, signed by William Dawson. Witnesses
as above.

8. 1st May, 3 Geo. II., 1730. Indenture between Christopher Soulsby
of Chollerton, Northumberland, gentleman, of the one part, and
Thomas Allison the younger of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, butcher, of the
other part. Recital that the said parties, by their several bonds,
dated the 7th day of August, 1727, were bound to one another in the
penal sum of £300 conditioned on their standing to the award, if made
before 18th Oct., 1730, of Thomas Errington of Beaufront, in the
county of Northumberland, esq., William Potter of Hawkwell, in the
same county, esq., and Joseph Ledgard of Elswick, in the same
county, esq., or any two of them, arbitrators chosen on behalf of the
said Christopher Soulsby and Thomas Allison to arbitrate in all
differences between them. Recital that the said T. Errington, W.
Potter and J. Ledgard on the 9th Sept. then last part awarded that
the said T. Allison should, on or before the 9th March then next
ensuing, pay to the said C. Soulsby the sum of £160 and all interest
then due for the same on said 9th March, it appearing to them that
the said sum of £160 was due by mortgage on the lands and estate in
the possession of the said Thomas Allison his tenants or others at
Sandhoe, in the said county, and further awarded that in regard to
the trouble and expense the said C. Soulsby had been put to that the
said T. Allison should also pay him on the said 9th March the sum of
£5 5s. Od. And also awarded that the said C. Soulsby on payment of
the said sum at the request and charges of the said T. Allison should
release and transfer to the said T. Allison all his right to and interest
in the said premises, and deliver all deeds in his possession touching
the same. And that the said C. Soulsby should be indemnified
against all claims in respect of the premises. Recital that there was
due to the said C. Soulsby for interest £22 16s. 8d., making together
with the sum of £160 and £5 5s. Od. £188 Is. 8d. The said C. Soulsby
in consideration of £188 Is. 8d. to him paid by the said T. Allison'
releases, assigns, and transfers to the said T. Allison all his right title
and interest of and in the messuage, land, tenements, farmhold, and
premises with the appurtenances situate at Sandhoe in the parish of
Saint John Lee, in the county of Northumberland, then in possess on
of the said T. Allison or his assigns. Signed by Christopher Soulsby.
Seal : Oval, finch by finch ; device, a cock treading a hen ; inscrip-
tion, ' nunquam satis.' Receipt endorsed, signed by Christopher
Soulsby and witnessed by ff. Arnison, jun., and John Emmerson.
Attestation clause endorsed ; same witnesses.

9. 2nd Sept., 6 William and Mary, 1694. Indenture between Dame
Elizabeth Heron of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, widow, and relict of Sir
Cuthbert Heron, late of Chipchase, Northumberland, bart., deceased,
of the first part, Timothy Robson, of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, aforesaid,
and Matthew White of the same place, esq., of the second part, and
Mark Browell of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, gentleman, of the third part.
Recital that Elizabeth Crome late of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, widow,
by her will dated on or about 5th March, 1687, devised to the said
Timothy Robson (therein described as merchant and alderman),
Humphry Pybus of Newcastle, merchant, and the said Matthew
White (therein described as merchant) and their heirs, all that
messuage, burgage, tenement and shop, then in the several occupations
of her the said Elizabeth Crome and Eliazor Hodshon, barber chir-
urgion, and all that messuage, burgage, tenement and shop, then in
the several occupations of Joseph Story and Richard Atkinson,

180

barber chirurgion, and also all that messuage, burgage, and tenement
and low cellar then in the possession of Parcivall Vipond, scrivener,
which said low cellar was under a messuage then in the possession of
John Meggee, mason. And also one other cellar then in the possession
of John Wever, gentleman. And also all those four corn lofts then in
the possession of William Ward, merchant. And also that cellar and
brewhouse, then in the possession of the said Joseph Story, and also
that messuage, burgage, and tenement and yard then in the occupa-
tion of Mary Downey, widow. And also all that little entry and
little cellar called the Kill Dodd, then in the possession of the said
John Meggee, with the appurtenances, situate in Newcastle aforesaid,
in a certain street called the ' Key Side,' upon trust to receive the
rents and profits, and pay the same to the said Dame Elizabeth
Heron during the life of her husband Sir Cuthbert Heron, bart., and
her said husband to have no interest therein. And after the death
of the said Sir Cuthbert Heron upon trust to convey the same to the
said Elizabeth Heron, and to the heirs of her body and in default of
such heirs to the right heirs of the said Elizabeth Crome. Recital
that she also devised unto her sister ffaith ffrothingham for her life
All that messuage, burgage, tenement and shop, with the appurten-
ances then in the several occupations of John Thompson, fitter, and
Richard, barber chirurgion, situate in Newcastle aforesaid, in the said
street called the Keyside, and after the death of the said ffaith ffroth-
ingham she devised the same to the said Timothy Robson, William
Pybus and Matthew White, and their heirs, upon similar trusts to
those above recited. Recital of the death of the said Elizabeth
Crome, and that the said Timothy Robson, William Pybus, and
Matthew White had not intermeddled with the said messuages and
premises, and had not received any of the rents and profits thereof.
Recital of the death of the said Sir Cuthbert Heron since the making
of the said will. Recital of the death of the said Humphrey Pybus,
and the consequent vesting of the estate in the said Timothy Robson
and Matthew White. The said Timothy Robson and Matthew White
at the request of the said Dame Elizabeth Heron released, conveyed,
and confirmed unto the said Mark Browell (then in possession by
virtue of an indenture of bargain and sale dated the day before the
date of this indenture) All the said premises, etc., to hold the same
to the said Mark Browell and his heirs as to the messuage, burgage,
tenement and shop, with the appurtenances as before recited devised
to the said ffaith ffrothingham from the death of the said ffaith ffroth-
ingham to the use of the said Dame Elizabeth Heron and the heirs of
her body, and in default thereof to the use of the right heirs of the
said Elizabeth Crome, and as to all other the premises to the use of the
said Dame Elizabeth Heron and the heirs of her body, and in default
thereof to the use of the right heirs of the said Elizabeth Crome.
Signed by Timothy Robson and Matthew White, the surname in each
case being cut away. Timothy Robson's seal is oval, finch by -Unch,
bearing a shield charged with a chevron ermine between 3 boars heads
couped. Matthew White's seal is oval, |inch by finch, bearing a
shield charged with, on a bend three crosses moline ; above a helmet
and mantling ; for crest, a cross moline. Attestation clauses en-
dorsed. Witnesses to the execution by Timothy Robson, Robert
Bowes and John Bell; by Matthew White, Francis Suddick, and
Tim. Thomson, notaries public.

10. 1st May, 18 George II., 1745. Indenture between Thomas Heron
Jate of the city of Durham, esq., and then an ensign in general

181

'Handasyde's regiment of foot, and Elizabeth Heron of Offerton, in
the county of Diirham, spinster (sister of the said Thomas Heron) of
the one part, and Anthony Shepherd of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, baker
and brewer, of the other part. Recital of agreement between the
said Thomas Heron and Anthony Shepherd for the sale of the here-
ditaments therein described for £950. In consideration of £400 paid
by the said Anthony Shepherd to the said Thomas Heron, and of the
sum of £550 secured as therein mentioned, and also of the sum of 5/-
paid to the said Elizabeth Heron, the said Thomas Heron and Eliza-
beth Heron granted, bargained, and sold to the said Anthony Shepherd,
then in possession by an indenture of bargain and sale dated the
day previous, All that great messuage, burgage or tenement, with the
appurtenances formerly in the occupation of ffrancis Armorer, and all
those three shops situate near the said messuage, two of them formerly
in the occupation of Edward Colville, butcher, and of John Pace,
and then in the several occupations of the said ffrancis Armorer, and
of Barbara Trotter and John Brough, and all that messuage, burgage
nnd tenement, with the appurtenances, formerly in the occupation of
Mrs. Brown, widow, and then in the occupation of Mary Kent/and all
that messuage, burgage or tenement, with the appurtenances then or
late used for corn lofts, formerly in the occupation of Joseph Atkin-
son, merchant, deceased, and late in the occupation of Lyonell Dixon
and others, and then in the occupation of George Harrison, merchant,
all situate in the Keyside, boundering on the Keyside towards the
south two messuages or tenements, one of them lately belonging to
Henry Dent, miller, and the other belonging to the said ffrancis
Armorer towards the north, a lane, street, or chair, called Haworth's
chair, otherwise Errington's chair, otherwise Pal lister's chair, other-
wise Black Boy chair towards the west, and another lane, street, or
chair called Elmer's chair, otherwise Shipman's chair, otherwise
Chrome's chai^ towards the east, together with all houses, cellars,
sollars, etc., to hold the same unto the said Anthony Shepheard for
•ever to the use of the said Timothy Heron, his executors, administra-
tors, and assigns for the term of 1,000 years without impeachment of
waste subject to the provisions therein mentioned, and from and after
the expiration or sooner determination of the said term, and subject
thereto to the use of the said x4.nthony Shepherd, his heirs, and
assigns for ever. Covenant by the said Thomas Heron and Elizabeth
Heron to levy a fine unto the said A. Shepherd before the end of
Michaelmas term then next of all the said premises by the name of
four messuages with the appurtenances in the chapelry of All Saints
in Newcastle-upon-Tyne. Proviso for determination of the said
term of 1,000 years on payment of the sum of £550 by the said
Anthony Shepherd to the said Thomas Heron on the 1st day of
November then next ensuing, with interest at 44% per annum, the
said sum of £550 being further secured by the bond of the said
Anthony Shepherd bearing even date in the sum of £1,100 conditioned
on the payment of £550 and interest as aforesaid. Signed and sealed
by all parties, the signatures having been cut off ; the seal of
Anthony Shepherd lost, that of Heron, a shield quarterly, first a

cross crosslet ; with mantling and helmet, and for crest

Executed by the said Thomas Heron and Elizabeth Heron in the
presence of Francis Myddleton and William Hewatson, Gray's Inn.
Receipt endorsed, signed by Thomas Heron, and witnessed by same
witnesses. Sealed and delivered by A. Shepherd in the presence
of Arch, (or Arth. ) Kennedy and Richard Burdus. Two skins, each
bearing three 6d. stamps.

182

11. 1 3th May, 1 3 William III. ,1701. Indenture between Thomas Meg-
gison of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, mariner, administrator of Lancelot
Meggison late of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, tanner, deceased, of the one
part, and Sir Ralph Carr of Cocken. in the county of Durham, knight, of
the other part. Recital that Simon Robson late of Newcastle-upon-
Tyne, cordwainer, and Jane, his wife, by indenture dated 4th Feb.,
33 Charles II., for the consideration therein mentioned granted, bar-
gained, and sold unto Matthew Hanby of Newcastle, mariner, and
Philip Stoddate of the same place, mason, their executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, All that waste or parcel of ground, with the
appurtenances, then or late in the occupation of Mark Chaiter,
cutler, situate within the said town of Newcastle, in a certain
street there called the White Cross, boundering upon a messuage or
tenement in the possession of John Stephenson towards the south

part, a certain vennell called towards the west part, a messuage

in the possession of Thomas Crooke towards the north part, and the
King's Street there called White Cross Street towards the east part, to
hold the same to the said Matthew Hanby to the end of 99 years at
the yearly rent of one peppercorn at Pentecost if demanded. Recital
that the said Matthew Hanby and Philip Stoddate by indenture of
assignment, dated 20th Nov., 34 Car. II., for the consideration
therein mentioned granted, bargained, and sold to Richard Fletcher
of Newcastle-upon-Tyne aforesaid, the said waste or parcel of land,
and all their right, title, etc., to hold the same unto the said
Richard Fletcher. Recital that the said Richard Fletcherfor the
consideration therein mentioned granted, bargained, and sold to
Lancelot Meggison of Newcastle, tanner, and Ellinor, his wife, the
said waste or parcel of land, and all their right, title, etc., to hold the
«ame to the said Lancelot Meggison. Recital that the said Lancelot
Meggison survived the said Ellinor, his wife, and was then dead, and
administration of his goods and chattels was granted to the said
Thomas Meggison. The said Thomas Meggison in consideration of
£25 10s. 5d. paid by the said Sir Ralph Carr, assigned the said waste or
parcel of ground and the remainder of the said term to the said
Sir Ralph Carr in trust for Joseph Carr of Newcastle, aforesaid.
Signed by Thomas Meggison. Sealed; oval seal f finch by |£inch;
a shield bearing five bezants in saltire, a chief ; for crest a demi-lion
holding a garb (?) between its paws. Two 6d. stamps. Receipt
endorsed, signed by Thomas Meggison and witnessed by Thomas
Pattinson and John Byfield. Attestation endorsed, same witnesses.

12. 3rd Aug., 13 George III., 1790. Indenture of four parts between
Henry Utrick Reay of Blackwell, in the parish of Darlington, Durham,
esq., of the first part, Elizabeth Harrison of Killingworth, in the
parish of Longbenton, Northumberland, widow, of the second part ;
Elizabeth Harrison of Killingworth, aforesaid, spinster, youngest
daughter of the said Elizabeth Harrison, widow, of the third part,
and Sir William Lorraine of Kirkharle, Northumberland, bart., Sir
John Eden of Windleston in the county palatine of Durham, bart.,
Sir John Scott, knight, His Majesty's solicitor general, and John Ord
of Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the county of Middlesex, esq., one of the
masters of the High Court of Chancery, of the fourth part. Recital
of the intended marriage between the said Henry Utrick Reay and
Elizabeth Harrison, spinster. In consideration of the said intended
marriage, and for the purpose of making a jointure for the said
Elizabeth Harrison, spinster, the said Henry Utrick Reay covenanted
to transfer to the trustees £12,000 3% Bank Consolidated Annuities.

183

"Covenant by the said Elizabeth Harrison, widow, to transfer to the
trustees £8,000 3% Bank Consolidated Annuities. Interest of whole
£20,000 to husband for life, then to wife for life in lieu of dower then
in trust for the children as the said Henry Utrick Reay and Elizabeth
Harrison should appoint by deed, and in default as the said Henry
Utrick Reay, if surviving, should appoint by deed or will, and in
default among the children equally. In default of issue or of issue
attaining 21 for the said Henry Utrick Reay after the death of the
said Elizabeth Harrison. Executed by all parties. Seals : of Henry
Utrick Reay, a griffin's head as crest ; of Mrs. and Miss Harrison, a
woman's head to sinister ; of Sir William Lorraine, sable and argent a
cross quarterly counterchanged, in dexter chief the badge of Ulster ;
-crest, on a mound a bay tree proper, hanging therefrom by a belt
gules an escutcheon azure ; of Sir John Eden, the wolf suckling
Bomulus and Remus ; of Sir John Scott, quarterly, 1st and 4th
grand quarters, azure a bezant between 3 crescents, 2nd and 3rd grand
quarters, qtiarterly, 1 and 4 on a fess gules 3 cross crosslets fitchee,
2nd and 3rd gules on a bend three leopards heads affrontee, over
all on a shield of pretence gules three demi-lions rampant.
Seal of John Ord, sable three lucies hauriant. Witness to the
•execution by Henry Utrick Reay, Elizabeth Harrison, widow, and
Elizabeth Harrison, spinster, George Colpitts and J. Davidson ; by
Sir John Eden, John Drake Bainbridge ; by Sir William Lorraine,
John Dawson ; by Sir John Scott, James Holdship, clerk to Sir John
Scott ; by John Ord, George Colpitts and Nath. Watson. 3 skins, each
stamped 2/6.

13. 3rd Nov., 1820. Copy foot of fine made at Westminster on the
morrow of All Souls, 1 George IV., before Robert Dallas, James
Allan Park, James Burrough and John Richardson, J.J., between
Thomas Wentworth Beaumont, esq., plaintiff, and Septimus Hodsoii,
clerk, and Frances, his wife, defendants, of the honour of Bywell with
the appurtenances, and the castle of Bywell with the appurtenances,
and also the manors of Bywell and Stocksfield Hall with the appur-
tenances, and also 30 messuages, 30 cottages, 20 tofts, 20 barns, 4
water mills, 10 dovehouses, 30 gardens, 30 curtilages, 30 orchards,
3,000 acres of land, 1,000 acres of meadow, 1,000 acres of pasture, 500
acres of wood, 500 acres of furze and heath, 500 acres of moor, 500
acres of land covered with water, £75 rent, common of pasture for all
cattle, common of turbary, common of estovers, free warren, free
fishery in the river Tyne, courts leet, courts baron, view of frank-
pledge, goods and chattels, waifs, estrays, deodands, goods and
chattels of felons and fugitives, felons of themselves outlaws and
persons put in exigent, and all liberties and franchises with the
appurtenances in Bywell St. Andrew, Bywell St. Peter, Ovingham
and Slaley, and also the advowson of the church of Bywell St.
Andrew, and also the advowson of the vicarage of the church of
Slaley, at the price of £8,100.

184

MISCELLANEA.

The following extracts, relating to Northumberland, are from the
Calendar of Patent Rolls (continued from page 172 ! —

March 11, Westminster. — Grant to the king's kinsman Henry Percy,
earl of Northumberland, whom the king has retained as warden of the
east and middle marches of England towards Scotland for seven years
from the feast of St. Peter ad Vincula last, of 1000Z. yearly for the safe
custody of the said marches in time of peace or truce, viz., 376J. 13s. 4d.
from the issues of the customs, subsidies and petty custom in the port of
Kyngeston on Hull, 273Z. 6s. 8d. from the like in the port of Newcastle
on Tyne, 30Z. from the issues of the county of Northumberland, 200Z.
from the issues of the lands late of Gerard Whytheryngton, knight,
deceased, tenant in chief, in the county of Northumberland, and in the
king's hands by reason of the minority of Ralph his son and heir, and
100£. from the issues of the manors and lordships of Tyndale, co. North-
umberland. By K. — 17 Edw. IV., Memb. 11. [p. 38]

1483, July 24, Westminster. — Appointment, from the feast of St.
Peter ad Vincula for one year, of the king's kinsman Henry Percy, earl
of Northumberland, as warden general of the marches of England
towards Scotland, viz., in the parts of ' la estmarch ' and ' middilmarch,'
and in the king's lordship of Scotland, with full powers specified and
power to conclude truces with James, king of the Scots. By K. —
1 Rich. III., pt. 5, Memb. 5, [p. 462].

1483, Nov. 30, Westminster. — Grant for life to the king's kinsman
Henry, earl of Northumberland, of the office of great chamberlain of
England, with the accustomed fees. Mutilated. By p.s. — Ibid. pt. I,
Memb. 3. [p. 367]

1484, Feb. 24, Westminster. — Grant to the king's kinsman Henry
Percy, earl of Northumberland, for his good service in the attainment of
the king's royal right and crown and in the defence of the realm towards
Scotland, and Alan Percy his son and the heirs male of the latter of the
manor or lordship of Holdernes with its members, co. York, late of
Henry, late duke of Buckingham, and all lands, rents, possessions, fees,
suits, services, advowsons, with bondmen, parks, stews, moors, woods,
fisheries, meadows, pastures and other profits belonging to it. By p.s. —
Ibid, p. 3, Memb. 20. [p. 409]

1478, March 11, Westminster. — Grant to William Godereswyk,
Henry Van Orel, Arnold Van Anne and Albert Millyng, merchats of
Cologne, and Dederic Van Riswyk of the realm of England, goldsmith,
of all mines bearing gold, silver, copper or lead in the counties of North-
umberland, Cumberland, and Westmoreland, to hold from the Annunci-
ation next for ten years, in lieu of a grant of certain mines to the said
William and others by letters patent dated 23 March, 15 Edward IV.,
surrendered. They shall pay to the king a fifteenth part of the pure
gold, silver and copper, and to the lords of the soil and the curate of the
soil an amount to be agreed upon, and they shall have power to appoint
a steward, born in the realm, to hold a court in the king:s name in the
mines, and hear and determine all pleas except those of land, life and
members. By K.— 18 Edw. IV., pt. 2, memb. 30. [p. 116]

1481, March 18, Westminster. — Appointment, for half a year of John
Bell of Cambridge, ' yoman,' John Buknell of Wyndesore, co. Berks,
' yoman,' and William Bell of Sheles, co. Northumberland, ' yoman,' to
take oxen, muttons, ' baconflykkes,' malt, barley, oats, beans, peas, sea
fish, and fresh-water fish and other victuals for the expenses of the
king's household and army towards the north, and carriage for the same.
By bill of the treasurer.— 21 Edw. IV., pt. 2, memb. 18d. [p. 288.] The
like in memb. 15. [p. 249]

185

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES

OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE.

3 SEB., VOL. I. 1904. No. 22.

The second country meeting of the season was held on Friday, the 5th
day of August, 1904, at

ANCROFT, FORD AND ETAL.

Members and friends assembled at Berwick railway station at 11-14
a.m. on the arrival there of the 9 '35 a.m. train from Newcastle, Two
waggonettes were in waiting to convey them to

ANCROFT,

where the first halt was made.

George Mark, in his ' Survey of a Portion of Northumberland 'J in 1734,
informs us that ' This chapelry belongs to Holy Island. It contains about
eight villages and hamlets and near 220 families. The chapel is mean, and
its steeple remarkable for its form, and being for some time the dwelling
house of one of the curates, called Beuly, for life. It is repaired at the
expense of the parishioners, except the chancel, which is repaired out of
the corn tithes of the chapelry. The village is watered by a small brook
that runs through it from the west to east, and runs by Haggerston to

Brokmill, where it meets the tide The manor of Ancroft has from

time immemorial belonged to the family of Grey, and at present to Henry
Grey, of Kingsley in Berkshire. There are two villages in this chapelry,
remarkable for the ruins of two old chapels, viz. Haggerston and
Cheswick, at the latter of which they still bury some poor people, but
the former is totally disused.'

In 33 Edw. I. [1305] the prior of Durham charged certain servants
of the bishop of Durham with seizing and carrying off his corn and
lambs from the vill of Ancroft and other places.2

In 1539 a Scottish ship, with goods to the value of £2,400, was lost at
Sotterborne mouth, a jury was impanelled, and it was found that the
ship was wrecked and divers of her crew drowned, the goods driven
partly to sea and partly ashore where the country people took some.
Thomas Clavering seized all he could as wreck under the jurisdiction of
Norham castle, the value of which did not amount to more than 44£.
Clavering and others were, however, in consequence, put into prison.
The queen and council issued letters to a new commission to levy on
Clavering, etc., 1, 2001. , which the queen had asked the merchants to

1 Incditcd Contributions to the History of Northumberland, p. 72.
2 Reg. Pal. Dun., iv, 63.

186

take ' in lewo ' of their demands, and because of the lack of ability of
Clavering, and his associates, to assess the whole county. The people
would not admit to more than 44Z., and so 60 of them were imprisoned
and their goods seized. As many of the people of the towns adjoining
had not taken goods, they assessed only those who had. Of the towns
concerned, Ancroft was assessed for 201., and Barmoor for Ql. 13s. 4d.
But as it was found that this 'sessment' would hurt the county no
further proceedings were taken.3

In a list of May, 1549, of gentlemen of Northumberland, Edward
Reveley of Ancroft, in Islandshire, and Edward Muschamp of ' Barlmer,'
are included. On the 24th of the same month, it is stated that of the
towns nearest to the enemy on the Scottish border, in and near North-
umberland, at which the army was placed, there were 200 footmen at
Ancroffc under Sir Thomas Talbot, and 100 at Barmoor and Bowsden
under Marmaduke Thwaites.4

According to the rental of Robert Bennett, bursar of Durham, there
were due, in 1539, from widow Cestor and Cuthbert Gardiner for tithes
of Ancroft 106s. 8d. and from the heirs of Ralph Grey for the mill of
Ancroft nothing, though the payment used to be 15s. ; of the tithes
of lambs 10 were received from Ancroft.5 In a ' Booke of Surveighe '
of 1580, there is the entry; ' Rector of Holy Island, George Revely, for
tithes of corn of Ancroft, 51. 16s. 8d. a year.'6

At a muster of horsemen of 30 Sept. 1584, there were from Ancroft,
' William Smith, Thomas Denyse, Henry Chaunler, Thomas Havery,
Henry Stell, John Stell, John Pette, John Tomson, William Crosbey,
Adame Roter, Raph Wraye, William Tayler, Adame Denis, Adame Bell,
John Selbeye.'7

Amongst the debts owing to John Hymers of Holy Island, mentioned
in the inventory to his will of 20 July, 1545, were, by ' Edward Reyfley
for the burd [board] of John Reyfley, viijs. Robt. Reyfley for hys sones
burd, vjs.' The testator appears to havejbeen the schoolmaster on Holy
Island. The Reveleys were people of considerable property at Ancroft,
etc. Sir Thomas Gray of Chillingham, by will of 20 Dec. 1589, left, with
other oxen, &c., 20 draught oxen at Ancroft to his wife the lady Katherine;
and to Roger Graye, his servant, ' xx boles of beare ' out of Ancroft,
Mark Saltonstall of Berwick, by his will of 14 July, 1631, left, amongst
other things, to his nephew Mark, his brother Stevin's son, his right in
the mill of Ancroft.8

THE CHURCH.

The original church, erected in Norman times, consisted of an aisleless
nave and chancel. In the 13th centiiry the strong barrel- vaulted tower,
with its small pointed window openings, was erected on the west end of
the church, the original Norman doorway on the south side being then
probably blocked up. At the same time the largo buttress was built
at the south east angle of the nave. Until 1869 the original chancel and
chancel arch, and corbel table remained. In that year, however, the
nave was unnecessarily lengthened, arid in the process both chancel and
chancel arch were destroyed, and also the north transept erected in
much later times. The north part of the tower basement is now walled
off and used as a burial place for the Sibbit family.

3 Cal. of Border Papers, II, p. 820.

< Belvoir Papers, I (Hist. MSS. Connn. 12 Rep/Ap. IV), 39, 36 & 37.
5 Fcodarivm (58 Surt. Hoc. publ.) 302, 303, 304.
8 Durh. Hal-mole. Rolls (82 Surt. Soc. publ.), 213.

7 Cal. of Border Papers, I, 159.
8 Wills <fc Inv. I. (Suit. Soc. publ,), 114 & n ; II. 172, 174, 170n

W ft

§ %

H 8
o 55,

187

The tower was built for defensive purposes. There appears to be
no original entrance to it except from the nave. The Survey of 1541
states that ' At Ancrofte two myles from the said ryver of Twede there
ys a lytle fortresse standinge nere unto the churche of the said towne

PLAN OF ANCROFT CHURCH,

before 'restoration.'

(Enlarged from Wilson's Churches

of Lindisfarne.)

of thinhcrytaunce of Gray of Chillingham scarcely being in good repare ' ;
while at the time of the Survey of 1561 ' In the same towne of Ancroft is
ne pile, builded to the end of the church, and dyvers good howses
beside.'9 The seventeenth century font having the initials RMW and
the date 1664 on it, was removed to Chillingham church at the time of
the ' restoration ' of 1869, a new font having been presented to Ancroft.
In Raine's time a portion of an older font ' was built up in a wall on the
south side of the road near the head of the village.' In the grave-yard
near the south door are some medieval carved stones. One has a
hollow chamfered edge in which is the dog-tooth ornament.

With other places Ancroft, as a chapel to Holy Island, was confirmed
to Germanus [1163-1189] the prior, and the monks of Durham, by pope
Urban.™

In a roll written in a hand of the 13th century bearing the indorsement
'Attestaciones testium juratorum de Ankcrofte,' etc., in a 15th century
hand, is a record of witnesses produced in a dispute between Richard,
bishop of Durham, and the prior and convent about 1228. The chapel of
Ancrofte is said to be situate within the limits of the parish church of Holy
Island, which the monks had wholly for their own use, It was commonly
called a ' capella,' and had a grave-yard where the dead of the two vills

9 Arch. Ael. ('Border Holds') XIV, 37, 53.
10 Hist. Dun. Scrip, tres (9 Surt. Soc. publ.), Ivil.

188

of 'Anecrofte ' and 'Alredene ' were buried. That a certain Gal f rid, when
parson, paid to the monks in name of a pension 15s. a year, and ren-
dered obedience to the bishop and his official ; thus said William, ' dean '
of Northumberland. Other witnesses gave like evidence. One stated
that the collation of Richard the chaplain to the chapel, was made by the
bishop after Galfrid's death. Another that after Galfrid's death the
monks entered but he did not know by what authority, or for how long
they held it, he added also that about the feast of St. Martin he was
with a certain clerk, by name Oger, on whom the bishop had conferred
that church as he had heard at Ancroft, but that he could not enter
either the church or the houses, so the deponent was sent with Oger, by
authority of the bishop, to put him into possession, as the dean had
deponed. Papedi11 was said to have been the founder of the chapel,
which had rights of burial and baptism, and that he himself went to
Newcastle and there received the chrism from the hands of Henry the
dean. Patrick de Chesewic agreed with Stephan, the chaplain, who said
that he saw Papedi, the founder of Ancroft chapel, before whose time,
as he had heard from his ancestors, the church of Holy Island held full
parochial rights in the vills of Ancroft and Auredene.

By ' le Convenit,' an agreement of 1229, between bishop Poore and
prior Kerneth ' concerning the rights of the bishop and convent respec-
tively,12 Ancroft, with its appurtenances, which looked to the mother
church of Holy Island, was confirmed to the prior and convent of Durham
for their own uses in perpetuity.13

At the time of the visitation of 29 Jan. 1578, at Morpeth, by the Ven.
Robert Swift, Ancroft chapel was served by Laurence Donkyn, an un-
licensed curate, who attended, as did also John Reveley, the parish
clerk. It is remarked that John Reveley was of old descent. At
the general chapter of 30 July, 1578, held in Alnwick church, no
account of the task (Gospel of Sf Matthew) was given (amongst others)
by Laurence Donkyn, curate of Ancroft ; it was respited till the March
synod. In the time of bishop Barnes, Ancroft was served by a stipen-
diary priest as it wanted an incumbent. u Mr. John Foreside was, in
1662, ejected from the curacy of Ancroft for nonconformity.15

The following is from the ' Account of ye Deanry of Balmbrough by
Mr. Drake, vicar of Norham, given at my request [Archdeacon] E. H.
Sayer, 1725 ':—

' Ancroft is another Chapel append1 upon the Island and has Duty
is in it [sic] once every third Sunday only. As this Chapel is annext
to that at Tweedmouth, and as Mr. Methuen the Curate of that, is so
very aged & infirm, this is supplied by that unhappy man his son.
The Chapel is but in a bad Condition, & the Chancel is in ruins. The
Town consists of about 120 Families, very few of weh if almost any but
what are Dissenters of one kind or other. The Parish is large con-
sisting of 3 other Towns. There are many Impropriators some under

the Chapr and others not. Impro[priato]rs Mr. Smith The

great & small Tyths of the Parish are worth 300Z. per an. Sr Carnaby
Haggerstons pays 101. & Surplice Fees may perhaps be worth about
51. more.'

11 For the armg of the family of Papedy see the new county History of Northumber-
land, II. p. 283.

12 Durham Account Rolls, II (100 Surt. Soc. publ.), 5C4n.

is Hint. Dun. Scrip, tres (9 Surt. Soc. publ.), Ixxii.

H Eccl. Proc. of Bishop liarnes (22 Surt. Soc. publ.) 41, 46, 77, 10,

is Calaniy, Noneonf. Manual, 55.

Proc. Soc. Antiq. Neivc. 3 sp,r. i.

To face page 189.

BARMOOR CASTLE. (See opposite page)

FORD CASTLE. (See page 191)

Both froru photographs by Mr. Joseph Oswald.

189

Bishop Chandler made the following note of his visitation ' supposed
in 1736 ' : ' C. Ancroft, Parishionrs, 250 ; of which Presb. 100, Papists 40. '

The church was left and the journey resumed, the next stage being

BARMOOR CASTLE,

which, with the estate, has been the property of the Sitwells for several
generations, and now belongs to colonel William Sitwell. Members
were most kindly received at the east gate by Mr. Thomas Hodgkin, one
of the vice-presidents, who now occupies the house, and by Mrs. Hodgkin,
and hospitably entertained to fruit, &c., on the lawn, after which different
objects of interest, including a Roman amphora from Aquileia, 2 ft. 44 ins.
long, were shown.

Thanks were voted to Mr. and Mrs. Hodgkin by acclamation.

The fine modern castellated building doubtless stands on the site of
the ancient tower, of which mention is made in several early surveys.
A licence was issued on 17 May, 1341, by Edward in, at Westminster,
to Thomas de Muschamps for ' mansum suum de Bairmore.' In a list of
1415, there appears ' turris de Barmor, Joh'es Preston.' In a return of
1509, amongst the ' holdis,' etc., with their 'owners inabytaunttes or
officers,' and the distance from ' Tevedale and the Mars,' is ' George
Mostians own' & inab't, Barmer xxx & from Twede vj myle & from
tevedale vij m.' At the time of the survey of 1541 'at Byermore beynge
of lyke dystance [4m.] from the said ryver of Twede there ys a tower of
thinherytaunce of Mr. Muschyens in extreme decaye & almoste ruynous
for lacke of reparacions.'1^

According to the rental of Robert Bennett, the bursar of Durham, in
1539, he had received from Edward Muschauns for the tithes of Bar-
mo ur, per annum 33*. 4d., though they used to be 40s. From George
Muschans, for the mill of Barmour nothing, though the payment used
to be 4s. a year. From Thomas Holbourne for the same nothing,
though the payment used to be 4s.1 By a ' Booke of Surveighe ' of
1580, there was due from George Muschance for tithes of corn of
Barmoor 40s. a year.2

King Henry i. conferred the barony of Wooler on Robert de Muschamp.
Sir George Muschamp,3 the last owner of Barmoor of the name, spent Jiis
whole estate in the service of Charles I. Janet Muschamp, ' wydowe,'
by will of 1 December 1549, directed her body to be buried in the parish
church of Lowick, ' dedicate of Sainte John ;' she left 6s. Sd. to the
curate of Ford. George Musty ance of Barmoor, and others, were ap-
pointed under the will of 18 April, 1574, of Thomas Hebburn of
Chillingham, to see his will fulfilled.4

At a muster of the East March on 10 March 1579-80, taken by John
Selby, deputy warden, ' Barmor, a village of George Muschamps,
gentleman, with 8 tenants, 4 horsed, no cause.' In the muster of the
same, 1-3 Sep. 1584, of all horsemen and footmen between 16 and 60,

16 Arch. Ael. (' Border Holds ') xiv, 9, 17, 23, 37.

1 Feodarium (58 Surt. Soc. publ.), 302, 304, 305.

2 Durham Halm. Rolls (82 Surt. Soc. publ.), 214.

3 The pedigree of Muschamp of Barmoor, with some deeds, is printed in the Heralds'
'Visitation of Northumberland,'— ed. foster, pp. 90, 91. Sir George Muschamp left a
daughter who married a kinsman, Edward Muschamp of Holy Island. She was living,
a widow, on 20 May 1663. Her heir as to the lands was apparently a kinsman, William
Muschamp of co. Dublin. He sold his reversionary interest in Barmoor, circa 1656, to
Robert Gray. See Hodgson Hinde's MSS. in the Society's library. — Ex inf. J. Crawford
Hodgson.

< Willt & Inv., I (2 Surt. Soc. publ.), 125 & n, 126, 404.

190

taken by Lord Hunsdon, governor of Berwick, ' Barmur town and
Gatherrick Stead,' had ' horse 4, foot 6, with spear only 30 ;' and on 30
Sept. of the same year, at a muster of horse, Roger Williamson, John
Williamson, George Tomsone, Thomas Whight, John Whight, Edward
Williamson, George Strangwishe and Robert Muschamp attended from
Barmoor.8

In September 1596, amongst other outrages by the Scots on the east
march, 9 ' fatt ' oxen belonging to Mr. George Muschamp, were taken out
of Barmoor wood. On the 8 Feb. 1596-7, he was before the commission
as a witness respecting a theft of cattle from Mr. Walter Carre [Ker],
a Scottish gentleman, of Littleden. On 20 Feb. of the same year, Euro
writes, from Hexham, to Cecil, that he and Robert Delaval had taken
George Muschamp's oath as sheriff of Northumberland, and in their
presence his 'patten' was delivered to him. On 24 Sep. 1597, George
Muschamp was one of the jurors at ' Newborne.' On 3d November, of
the same year, he set his hand (with others) to a letter written by William
Selby, gentleman porter of Berwick, to Sir Robert Carey. He is also
mentioned in a letter of Carey to Cecil.6

Thomas Selby, and Elizabeth his wife, Mary Bambarrow and William
Mackrelle of Barmoor, are amongst Northumbrian recusants on 20 June,
1674.7

The following are Spearman's * notes ' to the History of Northumber-
land relating to Barmoor, in the library at Broompark :—

' 1417, 5th Henry 5. — The lords of the marches assembled here with
10,000 against the Scots, lord Howard and his son lodged in Barmoor
wood the night before the battle of Branxton. A younger branch of
the family of Muschamp was seated at Barmoor castle, their pedigree
is in the Herald's office.

1272, 1st of Edw. I. — Will, de Muschamp held the village of Bar-
moor a fourth part of a knight's fee the old feoffment. George
Muschamp held Barmoor the 10, 32, 42 of Eliz. Will. Muschamp, high
sheriff, 20th of James 1st. It was lately in possession of Col. Bladen,
translator of Caesar's Commentaries, uncle to Sir Edward Hawke, and
about 1740 of a Mr. Cook, and is now the property of the Sitwell family.
Of this family of Muschamp was Sir William, a worthy and very
active justice of the peace for Northumberland during the reigns of
James 1st & Charles 1st. I find the letter underwritten from him
to Lord Clifford, with an account of the Spaniards having landed in
Scotland : —

' August 17th, 1627, Barmoor, at 3 o'clock in the morning.

Worthy Sir, — I thought good to let you know I have received advertisement at
this instant, from the Mayor of Berwick that the Spaniards have landed at Caith-
ness in Scotland, where they have put all to the sword, that many of their ships are
upon the coast, and have sunk many ships in their passage. It is expected they will
put in at Berwick or the Holy Island presently. It were, therefore, good that you
would prepare the small strength your part of the country affords towards the sea
side that \ve may all join in resisting so po werf ull an enemy. In the meantime I shall
use all diligence in these parts and have written to Sir Francis Brandling to do the
like in Bambrough ward. So not doubting your care in a service of such consequence,
with my best wishes I rest your assured loving cousin, Will Muschamp.
Postcript.— The Mayor of Berwick received notice of this invasion at 12 o'clock by
post from the Earl of Hume.' '

Barmoor was left by the south gateway, and

e Cal. of Border Papers, i, 15, 153, 156-158.

6 Ibid.. II, 79, 215, 250, 265, 405, 441.
7 Dep from York Castle (40 Surt. Soc. publ.), 206.

191

FORD,

the next place in the day's proceedings, duly reached. The ancient
parish of Ford is about eight miles long, from E. to W., and 4| miles
from N. to S., and includes the estates of Etal, Ford and Pallinsburn.

The party walked down the village to the church, calling on the way
at the schoolhouse on the north side of the street, where they saw, very
hurriedly, on the walls, the cartoons representing Biblical subjects, by
Louisa, marchioness of Waterford.8

At the church membars were met by the Revcl H. M. Neville, the
rector, who, as on former occasions, kindly acted as guide to the
church. The living is a rectory, and the church is dedicated to St.
Michael. For description of the church by Mr. Neville, see these
Proceedings (in., 343), where also particulars of the communion plate
are given (p. 346), and extracts from the parish books. See also Proc., i.
p. 145, and v. 62, for notices of Ford. The only object of interest
discovered since the visit of the members in 1891 is the fragment of a
coped tegulated grave- cover found in the churchyard, curious on account
of the ' tiles ' of the pattern being reversed, that is in having the curved
portion upwards.

From the church, under Mr. Neville's guidance, they went to the
castle, situated at the west end of the village. A halt was made
to enable Mr. Neville to point out the chief points of interest, in the
magnificent view, westwards, of Flodden field.9 He made frequent
references to the account of the fight by the late Mr. C. J. Bates ( Arch.
AeL xvi, 352) which, in his opinion, gave the best idea of the battle.
The castle is at present let to Mr. J. Fletcher Mossop, who had given
permission for the visit, and who met the party. King James's room
in the castle, from which is a fine view of Flodden field, and its ancient
stairway, the numerous Delaval and other portraits, and a great variety
of articles of artistic interest, were duly seen and appreciated. The
castle has been fully described in Arch. Ael., xiv. 39, 305, and in these
Proceedings, by the late Mr. C. J. Bates, and to these descriptions,
therefore, members are referred.

In Mark's 'Survey' of 1734,10 already referred to, there is this de-
scription : ' This parish contains 269 families and about twenty-one
villages, the principal of which is Ford. The chief town is pleasantly
situated on the east side of the Till, which there makes from a northerly
course a very remarkable turn, pointing directly toward the castle, and
then turns again to the northward The town stands pretty high, and

8 A few years ago — at the time of the Exhibition in London — when the cartoons
from the Ford school were amongst the exhibits, there appeared in the Daily Graphic,
signed ' Lucy Madox Rossetti," the following appreciation of Lady Waterford as an artist,
' that it is possible that Lady Waterford might have carried her impressive picture-poems
to a greater extent, but perhaps in these clays of high finish, of trivial thought, and im-
pressions so wanting in interest, there is not much harm in having as much of the soul
of a great woman as can be represented, even with less finish. In Lady Waterford's
work there is no failure in representing noble subjects with appropriate beauty of com-
position, drawing, expression, and colour. Here we have ' Moses on the Mount'

and endless other grand ideas beautifully pictured. Truly I see no failure here. Lady
Waterford, under different conditions in a different age might well have been a leader
in a grand school of art. I have heard her work spoken of from childhood with great
admiration by D. G. Rossetti and others of pur circle.'

'J In the Account Kolls of Durham priory for 1513-14, there is an entry of 15li. ex-
pended for arms and horses, &c., against the king of Scots, who, with a great army,
it is said, of 100,000, had invaded the kingdom of England on ' Brankes Hill' ; the
banner of St. Cuthbert was sent, under the charge of Sirs Robert Stroder, the bursar,
Richard Heryngton, the sacrist, and Ralph Blaxton. the eellarer. — 103 Surt. Soc. publ
90S.

lo Inedited Contributions to the History of Northumberland, 77.

has a good prospect to the west and south, especially to the west This

village is remarkable for a stately old castle, yet standing entire and in
very good order, and well built. The church is also in very good order
and well built, and the steeple made to contain three bells, but is forced
to content itself with two [now only one]. The manor of Ford was
originally, by tradition, part of the Barony of the Herons [Ford was
no part of the barony, but a manor within the barony of Muschamp],
but afterwards came into the possession of the Carrs, whose coat of arms
is still visible. After the Carrs it devolved on Sir Francis Blake. It
belongs at present to Francis Blake Delaval, esq., of Seaton Delaval.
The village is watered by one exceeding good spring, called the Rill
Well at the east end, and by the Dean Burn.'

In 1272 the manor belonged to Odinel de Ford,1 being held by him
of the Muschamp barony by one knight's service. His daughter and co-
heiress married Sir William Heron of Hadston. On 16 July, 1338, a
licence to crenellate was granted by Edward in, at Ipswich, to William
Heron his descendant, for ' mansum suum apud manerium suum de
Ford.'2 He was sheriff of Northumberland for eleven years in succession.
His son Sir William was summoned to parliament in 1371 ; he died in
1404. In the list of 1415 there appears for the ' castrum de ffurde,
Will'm's heroun, chlr.' Sir John Heron, who was sheriff of Northumber-
land from 1441 to 1445, succeeded. In 1536 Sir William Heron of Ford
died, and Elizabeth, his granddaughter — the daughter o: his deceased
son William — thus became possessed of Ford and other estates. She
married Thomas Carr of Etal, who held the castle until his death. In a
skirmish under its walls, arising out of the quarrel relating to the Ford
estates, Robert Barrow, mayor of Berwick, lost his life. The quarrel
arose from the above-named marriage, which caused much commotion.
The Herons of Chipchase, etc., pretending that the Ford estates were
entailed upon male heirs, proceeded by open violence to eject Carr from
possession.3 Thomas Carr's co-heiress married Sir Francis Blake, and
their daughter Mary married Edward Delaval. Of the family of Carrs
* there were three sisters and a brother that remained. The brother
was unfortunately killed at Alnwick, in the time of the Sessions, by one
of the name and family of Ratcliff, his father-in-law, who was after-
wards tried, condemned, and executed for the murder, tho' some say
he persisted in the denial of the crime to the very last. Upon the
death of this gentleman, the estate was divided among his three sisters,
and afterwards Sir Francis Blake purchased of the other two, their parts,
and so enjoyed the whole during his life, and at his death bequeathed
it to Mr. Delaval.' So far Wallis.4 From him it descended to lord
Delaval, who almost rebuilt the castle in 1761 and following years,
and who died in 1808. The estate then came into the possession of his
widow, from whom, on her death in 1822, it passed to the Waterford
family, who still own it.

In 1541 the tenants of ' Croukhame '5 and of ' Eddersley,' 'in a
troublous tyme or warre do resorte for their relefe to the castell of
fforde standinge upon the east syde of the ryver of Tyll,' and these

l Odinel de Forde [40 Hen. in] after he had obtained free warren in his manors, did
not permit any to fish in the water of Till, or in any rivulet near ' Tuchehal ' neither
with a net nor with hook.— North. Assize Rolls (88 Surt. Soc. publ.), 126. He obtained
also from the king the grant of a weekly market, and an annual fair at Ford, — Hodgson,
Northumberland (Beauties of England and Wales), 220.

2 Arch. Ael. ('Border Holds') xiv, 9, 14. 3 Wills «fr Inv. J, 138n.

4 Inedited Contributions to the History of Northumberland, GO.

5 Crookham is a village some 2 miles north west of Ford.

fa^tlr crnaistn of Foitr- Ton-tfi *nf/> *-a
cuul tnflfiinatke /uster Cent* i/tfjf

Castle M L*« ffestern

N tAe Door- L>f>(*iuiy fr-vni tAe fiv,er <
rA* fardcnj RLS eA« oitter Court T

Cvtir* (*nft tttemy SoutA to,v<irri t/le C'A^^rcA. F & H f
f/t4 JVfirru-A wA&rr tcrrt* trffs aft

194

' towns * are ' of thinherytaunce of the heyro of Sir wylPm heron nowe
beyng in warde to the king's matie.'6

In the time of Leland ' Foord castle in Glyndale upon the East Syd of
Tille,' was ' metly stronge but in Decay.'7

Amongst ' Plans, Charts, etc., Henry vin to Elizabeth ' in the
collection of the Marquis of Salisbury at Hatfield, is one of ' Fordo
Castle, Northumberland, by Rowland Johnson.'8

On Sunday after feast of St. Denis [9 Oct.], 1348, Robert de Lisle
de Chipchase, clerk, quit-claimed to Sir William Heron of Ford, knight,
all his interest in the manor of Chipchase.9

According to the Assize Rolls of 40 Henry III [1256], Robert Spende-
love of Ford, was slain by a certain unknown evil-doer in the field of
Ford, Laeticia, his wife, was with him when he was slain. She imme-
diately raised hue and cry [hutesium], and because the villagers of Ford
did not follow they were amerced. Afterwards it is reported that John
Stante [? Stanle] of Ford, was guilty of the death, which he denied. Be-
cause the villagers of Crukum, Ford, and Hale [ ? Etal] did not follow on
the hue and cry being raised when Gregory de Neweton was stabbed in the
belly with a knife from which he died, they were amerced. As Robert
Ayr who issued a writ against Robert son of John de Hagardeston,
concerning a tenement in Ford, did not prosecute his suit, he himself
and his pledges were amerced. Adam, son of Adam de Forde, Gilbert,
his brother, and several others, were arrested on suspicion of theft and
for receiving stolen goods ; some were declared not guilty, but others,
including Adam and Gilbert, were found guilty of this and many other
thefts. The goods of Adam, son of Adam, were worth 19s. 3d.10 Richard
de Ford gave a mark for licence of concord with William de Muschamp,
de placeto assisae, on the death of his ancestor.11

By the will of Henry Percy, earl of Northumberland (who died in
1489, and was interred at Beverley, where is his noble monument), he left
' John Heron, son and heire of Roger Heron, late of Forde, knight, an
annuyte of twenty powndes, as his fadir hadd, during ye lyve of ye said
John, what tyme that he comes to th' age of xvj yeres.'1

In the list of gentlemen, of May, 1549, already referred to, Thomas Carr
appears for the lordship of Ford.2 At the muster of the East Marches
on 10 Mar. 1579-80, already mentioned, ' Fourd, a village of William
Carrs esquire, with 7 tenants, 4 horsed, no cause shown ;' and at another
muster, ' of all horsemen and footmen,' on the 1-3 Sept. 1584, there
appears ' Fourd township, horse 7, foot 2, with spear only 27 ;' and at
the muster of horse of 30 Sep. of the same year, the names are George
Care, George Care (sic), William Archbat, John Archbat, Robert Foster
and George Gibson.3

On 31 Oct. 1594, Carey thus writes to Burghley, ' The cheif news here
is — the King being now in his journey, the Lord Hume upon the 21st of
this month, came to Fourd, with a dozen of his own men, thence to
Etell, where he got two couple of hounds, and home the same night.'4

William Carre of Ford, was one of the supervisors of the will, dated 10th

6 Arch. Ael (' Border Holds ') XIV, 16, 34.

7 Itin., VII. 60. 8 Hist. MSS. Comm. App. to 7 Rep. 192b.

9 Mem. of Hexham, n. (46 Surt. Soc. publ.), 98n.

10 88 Surt. Soc. publ., 110, 138, 120, 121.

ll Ibid. 22. This 'Richard de Ford was uncle and heir of Isabella, daughter of
Odinel de Forde, who married Cecilia, daughter of Robert de Muschamp.'— Ibid. 22n.
1 Test. Ebor. in (45 Surt. Soc. publ.), 308. 2 Belvoir Papers, i, 39.

3 Cal. of Border Pavers, 1, 15, 153, 156-158. * Ibid, i, 549.

195

July, 1578, of Henry Brandling of Newcastle, alderman. James Carr
(born in ' Gigleswicke '), minister of Alnwick, by will of 17 April, 1593,
amongst other bequests, gave Mr. Raphe Carre, of Forde, a gold ringe.'
Mr. Raphe Carr, of Ford, owed him 31. , and Mr. Thomas Carr, rector
of Ford, 7s.5

Of bills, English and Scottish, filed before the Commissioners at
Berwick was : — ' Mr. Ra. Carre's of Ford, foul, on the Laird of Mowe
by his confession, and charges * deburst for the vower ' to the plaintiff's
oath — for 7 score ewes and wethers, price 42£.'6

On 4 Aug. 1597, Sir R. Carey, in a letter from Berwick to Burghley,
writes 'A better time to come up [to London] I could not have chosen, for
this border is quiet as ' never les stelinge in.' I leave a 'very sufficient
deputy, Mr. Rafe Ker of Fourd, and my brother will assist him for
defence with horse and foot — but I hope there will be no need.' On 24
Sep. 1597, amongst the jurors for the East and Middle Marches at
Newburn was Ra. Carr of Ford.7

On 18 Dec. 1601, there is a curious story of a dispute between Roger
Muschampe and his master Thomas Carr of Ford. The former stated
that while the king (of Scotland) was at Lord Roxburgh's house ' the
Friars,' 3 miles from the march, Thomas Carr rode from his house of
Ford, with James Nicholson, a Scotsman, both in blue caps and grey
cloaks, and were taken privately by Lord Roxburgh to the king's
chamber, conferring with him 2 hours, when Carr offered his services to
the king, who accepted it, and drank to him in wine, offering to pleasure
him with any ' adoes ' he had in Scotland. At Whit-Sunday, after he
rode to Edinburgh with his brother, Mr. William Carr, his brother-in-
law Captain John Selby, and others.8

At the end of his second term, in 1629, Sir Thomas Swinburne, sheriff
of Northumberland, ' handed over the gaol with 21 persons, the doors,
locks, keys, etc., to his successor, Thomas Carr, of Ford.9

A true bill was found against Thomas, James, and John Carr, of Ford,
gentlemen, Matthew Carr alias Pearson, of Ford, gentleman, Jane Fen-
wick, spinster, Jane and Margaret Carr of Ford, spinsters, and others,
for setting fire on 17 Jan. 1671, to the house of Susan Carr, widow,
of Bromerigg. Doubtless this was a family feud.10

In a letter of 25 March, 1701, Francis Blake thus writes to his son-in-
law, Edward Delaval : ' The Act of Parliament causes the high rate upon
silks. In order, therefore, not to disappoint you, my wife is willing to
give you damask bed at Ford.'11

The following is a letter addressed on 28 May 1707, from Ford, to Sir
Francis Blake, baronet ; —

' fforcl, May ye 28 1707.
Hond. Sir,

I am come to a quaint you, that her majesties interest is much neglected :
because the Roman Catholicks meet in severall places within my parish of Keylo, with
coaches & horses of a considerable value. I very much suspect that their publick
meetings is against Her Majesties goverment. Wherfore I pray & beseech your honour
in her Majesties name to grant me a warrant to seise upon their horses, & arms, or
otherwise give your reason to the contrary, & you will much oblidge her majesties
and particularly

Sir, Your humble servt,

.Ta. Robertson.'

5 Wills <fc Inv., II, 224, 225, 234n. 6 Cal. of Border Papers, II, 346.

7 Cal. of Border Papers, 11, 378, 405. 8 Ibid. 777-S.

'•) Wei ford's Newc. and Gateshead in 17 Cent, 284.

10 Depos., £e.,/i-om York Castle (40 Surt. Soc. publ.), 134.

n Hist. MSS. Comrn. 13 Kep. Ap. vi. p. 189.

196

The few notes following, from different sources, chiefly from Kellawe's
' Register,' relate to Ford church, its rectors, &c.

In August, 1248, an agreement was entered into between Newminster
*nd Holystone about an exchange of land, the witnesses having been
examined before Walter Hayrun, rector of the church of Ford, and
others.1 He was on a commission held at Gateshead in May, 1260,
relative to the vicarage of Felton.2

On the 16 October, 1313, the king's writ was issued against Robert
Heyroun, parson of Ford, to appear before the barons of the Exchequer
on the octave of St. Hilary [20 Jan.] at Westminster, to answer a
claim by Edmund de Leche, who had paid 201. in duty to the parson, for
10^ sacks of wool, which he owed to the late king, and under colour of
his office, after such payment, he had taken and detained the said wool in
the ship ' Thomas Martin de Jernemuth,' then at Berwick, to the no
little injury of the said Edmund de Leche. As stated in the return,
the parson of Ford was enjoined to attend on pain of greater excommuni-
cation, and to that end all his ecclesiastical goods were sequestrated.
On the 22 April, 1314, an order was issued for the payment by Robert,
parson of Ford, of 4Z. 6s. 8d. for the church of Ford, being tithe ; for
six years.3

On 16 June, 1314, the bishop, from Even wood, granted the custody of
the sequestration of the church of Ford, to Sir Roger de Northburgh,
clerk. On the same day a mandate wa ; issued to John de Pollowe, the
sequestator, that the sequestration being relaxed, he was to permit Sir
Roger to peacefully enjoy the fruits. On 4 July, 1314, a writ was issued,
setting out that on the day lie died, Robert Heyrun, late parson of
Ford, owed the king certain sums, as well while he was the king's
chamberlain [contrarotulator camerariae] of Scotland, as ' custos ' of
Berwick. It commanded that without delay all the goods ecclesiastical
possessed by the defunct at the time of his death should be sequestrated,
with power to release his executors, or his heirs if he had no executors.
The return to this writ stated, that as it came much Ko late for the
next sittings, it could not be executed. On 18 November, of the same
year, a similar writ was issued. In the return it was stated that the
church of Ford was situated in the March of Scotland, where no one
dared to go after the receipt of the writ, or to exercise any jurisdiction
on account of the Scots and unfriendly people who tarried in those
parts. On the twenty-sixth of the same month the bishop granted
the church of Ford, then vacant, in commendam for 6 months, to Roger
de Northburgh, priest, rector of ' Bannes ' in Carlisle diocese, Roger de
Hayrun being the true patron, with all its rights and belongings, and
that provision should be made for divine offices, &c., at Ford church.
This was followed on the same day by a letter to John de Pollowe, the
sequestrator, ordering him to hand over the fruits of the living, from
the death of the late rector until St. Andrew's day, to Roger de North-
burgh, or to his proctor William de Langeley, for his quiet enjoyment.4

On the 27 November of the same year, from Stockton, Richard, bishop
of Durham, directed his official, the archdeacon of Northumberland, to
enquire into the defects of the houses, books, vestments, &c., of the
church of Ford, at the time Sir Robert Heyrun received the said church,
and any other, after admission to the same ; also what goods of his pre-
decessor he had received for repairing the defects, &c. The archdeacon
caused an inquisition to be made at Newcastle, and certified on 4 ides

i Newm. Cart. (66 Surt. Soc. publ.), 143.
*. Reg. Pal. Dun. i, 337. 3 Ibid., u, 983, 4 ; I, 520.

4 Ibid., I, 563, 4 ; u, 1020, 1021, 1037, 1038 ; i, 646, 7.

197

[10th] January, 1315, that of the goods of his predeessor received by
Robert Heron for repairing the defects the commissioners were ignorant,
but that Robert had received 61. from his predecessor for repairing the
roof [cellura] of the choir ; that at the time of his death the entire manor
of the church of Ford was burnt during a raid of the Scots, and that the
damage could not be repaired for 2001., except three chambers, which the
said rector, while he lived, repaired, being so enjoined on a visitation by
the bishop, which chambers could not be re-built for 301. ; that two porti-
foria5 of the same church, worth 18s. 8d. had been taken away by Walter
de Heyrun ; that the defects in the vestments amounted to 60s. ; that the
roof of the choir was in decay, and could not be repaired for Cl. ; and
that there were defects in the utensils to the extent of 60s.6

On the 29 March 1315, the king issued a writ, under his privy seal, to
the bishop of Durham fmm ' Wyndsore,' on the petition of Roger de
Northburgh, then parson of Ford, empowering him to apply the proceeds
of the late parson's goods for the repair of the defects of the chancel,
books, vestments, and other ornaments, and of the property of the
church ; and if perchance anything should remain it had to be handed
over to Sir John de Weston, the king's chamberlain for Scotland. On
the 26 May following, another writ addressed to the bishop was i sued
against the goods of the late parson of Ford to answer his defaults as
controller, and as ' custos' of the customs at Berwick. The return stated
that the goods were appraised at 48£. 12s. 6d., and that by an indenture
made between them, Sir Walter de Lisle had been released. On the
6 June of the same year, the bishop, from Stockton, addressed a letter
to Roger de Northburgh, ordering the fruits and profits of the church of
Ford to be placed at his disposal.7 In the same year the matter was
brought before the Court at York, on appeal, by the proctor of Sir Walter
de Lisle, as executor of the will of Walter de Heyrun, when a mandate
was issued on the ides [the 1 3th] of September to the bishop of Durham,
and received by him on the 15 kal. of Oct. [17 Sept.] respecting the
defects in the houses, chancel, books, and other ornaments of the church
after the death of Robert Heron, the last rector, the inquisition there-
upon made by the bishop's official, and the subsequent order for seques-
tration and sale and the payment of the proceeds into the bishop's hands;
and the assertion of the official that he had certified to the bishop that
Walter Heron had taken possession of the goods to the value of 481. 12s.,
in which sum, while he lived, he had been condemned, but that notwith-
standing, after the death of Walter Heron, Sir Walter de Lisle and other
executors of Walter Heron had likewise been condemned in the same
sum. The proctor for the executors stated in his appeal, that the late
rector, while he lived, had caused the manor of the rectory, of which
mention was made in the inquisition, to be suitably built, and that
whatever defects there were, were repaired at the time of the death of
the late rector, so that all defects had been made good ; but that if at
the time of the said inquisition such defects existed as stated in it,
such defects had arisen, after the death of the late rector, by the war
and fire of the Scots, which could not in any way be resisted : he there-
fore asked the Court to revoke and break the mandate of the bishop,
and declare it null. The Court thereupon firmly inhibited the bishop,
and, through him, everybody else, from any further action, and cited
them to appear to answer the appeal of Walter de Lisle, in the greater
church of York, on the Friday before St. Luke's day [18 October],

^ Portiforium, in English 'porthos' or 'portos,' a small portable breviary, from
which music was omitted to save space.— 103 Surt. 8oc. publ., 948.

6 Reg. Pal. Dun. II, 7UU, 724. ? Ibid., 1068, 1081, 705.

198

that justice might be done. On the 14 October, 1315, the bishop of
Durham, from Stockton, certified to the Court that as ordered he had
executed the mandate.8

On the 3 June 1316, the bishop, from ' Rychale,' issued c, mandate to
Sir William de Quicham, his vicar general, to admit and canonically
institute Roger de Nassington to the church of Ford, he having boon
presented to it, or his proctor, it having been found by inquisition to
have been vacan from St. John the Baptist's day [24 June], 1314. On
20 August following, the bishop granted a licence to the same Roger de
Nassington, rector of Ford, an acolyte, to attend the schools, on condi-
tion that provision was made for obsequies and that the cure of souls
was provided for.9

On 30 Nov. 1335, a William de Fordo received the first tonsure in St
Edmund's chapel, Gateshead, from John, bishop of Carlisle. Stephan
de Neuton was ordained deacon by Richard, bishop of Bisaccia, in
Durham cathedral church, in 1344, to the title of the perpetual chantry
of the chapel of Ford to which he had been presented by the prior and
convent of Brinkburn.10 On. 27 Feb. 1495-6, Lawrence Heron, rector of
Ford, was ordained sub-deacon, by letters dimissory, he taking his title
from his benefice.11

Before the battle of Flocklen in 1513, the Scots destroyed the little
tower of the parson of Ford. In 1541, there was ' in the same towne a
lytle tower which was the mansion of the parsonage of the same & a
quarter thereof was casten downe by the last Kinge of the Scotts, before
he was slayne at Flodden felde, and Sir Cuthbert Ogle parson of the
churche there beganne to reedyfie the same againe & rased the wall
thereof two houses highte and there so yt resteth and yt were muche
requysite to be fynyshed for defence.'12 This is the little tower which is
still standing, now within the castle grounds ; a plan of it is given in
these Proceedings (v. p. 64).

In 3 Edw. vi, a cottage and a croft o? land, then or la'e in the occu-
pation of John Hogeson, and belonging to the late chantry of St. Mary
of Ford, were granted to Sir Thomas Gargrave of North Elemesall, co.
York, and William Adam, jr.13

On 3 December, 1501, there was a visitation by the official of the arch-
deacon of Northumberland, in Bamburgh church, Ford church being
one of the places visited. At the chancellor's visitation of 29 January,
1578, held in Alnwick church, Thomas Clerke, the rector, appeared, but
neither the licensed curate Robert Watson, nor William Carr, the parish
clerk. It is noted that a prominent man of the parish is acting as
parish clerk. At the i.eneral chapter of 30 July, 1578, also held at
Alnwick, the task (The Gospel of St. Matthew) was duly performed by
Robert Watson, curate of Ford. Mr. Thomas Clerke, the rector of Ford
and vicar of Berwick, was excused. At this time there were no wardens
at Ford. At the general chapter of 23 January, 1578-9, in Alnwick
church, Mr. Thomas Clarke, rector of Ford, was the preacher ; there
were still no churchwardens, At the chancellor's visitation, of 26 Jan.
1581-2, Thomas Carr, rector of Ford, and his churchwardens, con-
temptuously absented themselves.'14

In a document, dated 17 April 1592, from Berwick, it is said that

8 Reg. Pal. Dun. n, 700-2, 741-4 9 Ibid., 788, 823. 10 Ibid., m, 166, 141.

11 Test, Ebor. iv (53 Surt. Soc. publ.), 97n. 12 Arch. Ael. xiv, 25, 39.

is Cal, of Pat, Rolls, part i.

U Eccl Proc. of BitJtop Barnes, xi, 40, 45, 16, 76, 77, 78, 94, 99, At a later period
the churchwardens of a neighbouring parish, upon being excommunicated for non-
attendance at a visitation, informed the court, that when horses and money were sent
to them, they would come to Durham for absolution \-lbid,, 99n,

199

4 Upon Wednesday last, Mr Carre, parson of Ford, having been at
Alnwick at the great Commission, and coming home the same day,
overtook near unto a town called Rimerton about a mile from Ford,
Robert Roddam of Little Houghton and his man. And in his company
a brave gentleman in a buff jerkin all laid with gold lace, satin doublet

and velvet hose, and three men in with him. Mr Carre

demanded of Robert [Roddam] what gentleman that was with him, who
told [him he] was a gentleman of Lincolnshire and his name Mr Sheffeild.
He asked him whither he would carry him that night, who made answer
he would carry him to Twisell. Then Mr Carre told him he thought Sir
John would hardly get home that night. The gentleman came to Mr
Carre and asked him what news was at Alnwick and what the Com-
missioners had done there ; he told him that such as had appeared,
order was taken for their appearance at a certain day again. And in the
mean time there was preachers appointed to confer with them, and
hoped that they would amend their conditions and become obedient and
loyal subjects to Her Majesty. Mr Carre kept company with them a
quarter of a mile and so they parted from him. This day, being the
xvijth of this instant, Mr Carre came unto me in the afternoon of
purpose only to inform me of this matter, and told me that Robert
Roddam of Little Houghton and the gentleman went not to Twisell at
all, but that night rode into Scotland to Sir John Carr of the Spielawe,
and from thence to Littledon in Scotland : to Sir John Carre's father
And upon Saturday last Roddam came forth of Scotland and left the
gentleman remaining at Littledon. Mr Carre suspects (meeting him
on the way where he did) that he had come either from my Lady Grey
or Ralph Selbye's, at Wetewood, but rather from Ralph Selbye's,
because the way where he met him lay so straight from thence. The
same day that Roddam and the gentleman rode into Scotland] George
Selbye of Newcastle and his wife, came to Twisell where within half
an hour after he was lighted there came a Scots man with a letter to
him. Whereupon he presently took his horse and rode to Spielawe, and
stayed there all that night. All which the parson saith he will justify.' u

In July, 1846, the great Ford tithe case between the then rector, the
Rev. Thomas Knight, and the Marquis of Waterford, concerning the
tithes of Ford, came on for trial at the Northumberland Assizes before
Mr. Justice Wightman, the Court of Exchequer having determined that
the trial before baron Rolfe, some years previously, was a collusive one.
The trial lasted four days and ended in a verdict for the rector, thus
establishing his claim to the tithes which had been subtracted by the
successive owners of the Ford estate. Notwithstanding the verdict there
was a compromise, the rector receiving £10,000 for his past claim and
a rent charge of £800 a year for himself and successors in the future.

The value of the living is thus entered in the old taxation of one mark
in forty : ' Decanus de Baumburgh, cxxxm. Rectoria del Ford, xliijs.
iiijd.' While by the Clams Ecclesiastica of bishop Barnes it was. in his
time, 'R. Foorde, xxiiijZ. [300J. alias 200Z.] Mr. Carre [or Mr. Jo. Heron]. 15
Bacon, in his Liber Regis (p. 1270), gives it as ' A living remaining in
charge; in the king's books, 247. Ford R. (St. Michael.) Prox. Episc. \l.
The KING, 1680. Francis Blake, esq., 1677. Francis Blake Delaval,
esq., 1723. Francis Blake Delaval. John Hussey Delaval, and Elisha
Biscoe, esq., 1761. Yearly tenths 21 6s.' Bishop Chandler in notes of

u Hatfitld Papers, iv (Hist. MSS. Comm.), 188.
is Reg. Pal Dun. n, 97 ; Eccl. Proc, of Bishop Barnes, 10,

200

his visitation 'supposed in 1736,' gives ' R. Foord, G. Marsh, Patr. Fr.
Blake de la Val, value 18W. resident. Fam. 225, 2 thirds Presb.,
1 Quaker. A licensed meeting house, J. S. Wood, teacher. Number
great. A school taught by Mr. Lithgo, a Presbyterian. Samt. 3. 27 at
most come, regular catech.'

Before leaving Ford castle, hearty votes of thanks were accorded by
acclamation to M. Mossop, for his permission to visit the castle, and
also to Mr. Neville,1 for so kindly guiding the party during the visit.

The drive was then resumed northwards, along the road skirting the
east bank of the Till , to

ETAL.

The members proceeded through the quaint little village, with its
picturesque thatched cottages, direct to the main gateway of the castle,
situate at the west end of the village, and between it and the river. This
tower, the keep,* and a portion of the walls, are all that remain of this
important stronghold. Here they were met by the Misses Laing, Colonel
and Mrs. Alwyn Paget, Mr. G. Grey Butler of Ewart Park, and others.
The different features of interest were pointed out, but as an able
description of the whole by the late Mr. C. J. Bates, has already
appeared in these Proceedings (in, 350) after a former visit in 1888,
it need not be repeated here. See also plate facing p. 10 of Arch. AeL,
xiv, for masons' marks on the castle. The opposite plate, contributed
by the Duke of Rutland in 1884, shews the gateway from the inside.
Both the village and the remains of the castle are ' stondinge on
playne Grownde, hard on the Este syde of Tylle, longynge to the
Erie of Rutland' (Leland, Itin. vn, 60). The Till is here a river 'up-
wards of forty yards broad.'2 In Leland's time (Itin. vn, 62) it was
spanned by a ' Bridge of Stone,' which no longer exists, as it was swept
away by a great flood about 1777. In the village is a presbyterian
congregation, endowed in the seventeenth century ; the church was
originally built before 1740, but rebuilt and enlarged in 1800.

In 1272, Robert de Maners held Hothal, now Etal, of the Muscamp
barony, at half a knight's fee. The castle is said to have been built by
Robert de Maners in 1341, in which year, on 3 May, a licence was
granted to him, by Edward in, to crenellate ' mansum suum de
Ethale.'3 In 1352, it was the residence of the deputy- warden of the
East March. Robert de Maners was succeeded by his son and heir
John, who, according to an inquisition taken at Felton, 40 Edw. in.
[1375], was said to have been born at Etal on the vigiljof St. Michael,
21 years before, and baptized in Ford church when Roger Heroun was
rector, he being 1 year and 3 weeks old when his father Robert Maners
died.4 This John, witfrhis son John, was prosecuted for killing William
Heron and Robert Atkinson, of Etal, for which he had to pay for 500
masses for the repose of William Heron's soul, and to compensate his

1 In 1895, an interesting book by the rector, Under a Border Tower, Sketches and
Mementoes of Ford Castle, Northumberland, was published by Mawson, Swan, &
Morgan, Mr. Neville has another book in preparation, dealing with the history of
the parish.

* See illustration of it facing page 186.

2 In 7 Edward I [1278-9], Robert Grimbald fell from his horse into the water of Till
and was drowned, and as no one was blamed, a verdict of misadventure was returned
by the jury. The horse was worth 5*. As the villagers of Hedderslawe and Ethale did
not attend the inquest they were amerced.— Northd. Assize Rolls(8S Surt. Soc. publ.), 314.

3 Arch. AeL xiv, 9.
4 « Proofs of Age of Heirs to Estates in Northumberland,' Arch. Art. 4to. ser., vol. iv, 328.

201

widow and children with 200 marks. In a list of « Castles,' &c. , in North-
umberland in 1415, it is entered as the ' castrum de Ethalle, Roberti
Maneres ;5 he died in 1437. Another Robert Manners was a representa-
tive in parliament for Northumberland, and sheriff of the county in 1464 ;
he married Eleanor, daughter and coheiress of Thomas, lord Roos,6 in
1469. He is on the commission of the peace for Northumberland in May,
June, and December, 1483.7 Their son George married Anne, daughter of
the duchess of Exeter, whose son Thomas, lord Roos, was created earl of
Rutland in 1526.8 Before the battle of Flodden, king James IV. took
and ruined Etal. From the Manners family the property passed to the
Carrs, it being in the possession of Thomas Carr, captain of Wark in
1567. The heiress of Sir William Carr took it into the Errol family,
she having married the earl of Errol in 1762, and it was carried by his
sister, by marriage, to the earl of Glasgow at the beginning of last cen-
tury. In July 1885, the estate was purchased by the late Sir James
Laing, and it is now in the hands of Lady Laing, his widow.

At the assizes of 7 Edw. I. [1279] certain people were accused of
assault and robbery, and as the plaintiff did not attend he was arrested
and his pledges to prosecute forfeited ; amongst those who pledged
were William, son of Thomas de Ethale, and John, son of Adam de
Ethale.9 On 28 Nov. 1290, Edward I. addressed a letter to archbishop
Romanus announcing the death of queen Eleanor on that day, and
asking for prayers for her soul. The archbishop appears to have been
at Etal at the time, as his reply of 7 June is dated thence. In the letter
he names the number of masses and grants a forty days indulgence.10
On 22 August, 1488, administration of Cuthbert Manners, ' serv. dornini
regis ad clavem,' was granted to Gilbert Manners of Etal. esq.1 In a
return of 1509 of ' Holdis,' etc., and ' owners, inabytaunttes, or officers,'
' Raffe Candelyng, My Lorde Ross & inab't. John Colyngwod, * Etall c.
& from the mars [Merse] & from tevedale [Teviotdale] iiijm.' Ac-
cording to the survey of 1541, 'the castell of Etayle beinge of the Erie
of Rutlands inherytavince standeth upon the Est syde of the said ryver
of Tyll thre myles from the said ryver of Twede ys for lacke of reparacons
in very great decaye & many necessary houses within the same
become ruynous & fallen to the ground. Yt were muche necessary to
be repared for the defence of those borders aswell in tyme of peace as
for the receyvinge and lodginge of a garryson of an hundreth men or
mo in tyme of warre for whiche purpose that place ys very convenient.
There was also at Etayle a brigge over the said river of Tyll which is
decayed & fallen down of late to the great trouble hurte & annoy-
aunces of thinhabitants thereabouts whiche had allwais redy passage

s Arch. Ael. XIV, 14.

« ' On 13 June, 1469, a licence was issued to the vicar of Wressell to marry in the
chapel or oratory within the manor-house of Wressell, Sir Robert Manners, knt., lord
of Etal in Northumberland, and Eleanor Roos, domictlla of John earl of Westmorland.
Reg. Geo. Neville, i, 112a.'— Test. Ebor. ill (45 Surt. Soc. pribl.), 340.

7 Cal. of Pat. Bolls, 1476-1485. In 18 Edw. iv [1478-9], there is a note of a suit be-
tween Robert Maners, knight, sometime lieutenant of Norham, and William Parker,
citizen and tailor of London, being a recovery by Parker on the death of John Nevill,
late Marquis of Montacute, of an obligation, in which Maners was bound to Parker. —
Public Record Office, Lists and Indexes, xvi, Chancery Proc. n.

rf Of him it is said that he was much elated by his elevation, and told Sir Thomas
More that he verified the old proverb ' Honores mutant Mores': ' nay, my lord,' was
the reply, ' the proverb does much better in English, ' Honours change Manners."

9 Northd. Assize Rolls, 315.
10 Leaves from Northern Regitters, 91, 92.
1 Test. Ebor. IV (53 Surt. Soc. publ.), 97n.

« Thomas Haggerston of Haggerston, on 6 Dec. 1516, made a grant in fee of all his
lands to this John Collyngwod to fulfil his last \Vi\l.-Wills tfc Inv. i, 104.

202

over when the said river is waxen greate & past rydinge upon horse -
backe & muche necessary yt were to have yt reedyfyed againe as well
for the purpose aforesaid as for the convey inge of orden'nce & armyes
into Scotland over the same.' In 1584 the castle needed repair, ' Etell
Castle belonginge to her majestye standinge about thre myles east and
by southe frome the towre of Lancton within sixe myles of the border of
Scotland decaied for want of reparacion by longe contynuance. This
castle or fortresse we thinck to be one of the chiefe places and at least
chardges to be repaired the chardges of whiche reparacyon we esteeme
to two hundrethe pounde, 200U ;' and again in 1588 it was in bad repair.3

In a list of the gentlemen of Northumberland dated May, 1549, Oswald
Collingwood appears as bailiff of Etal. According to a list of 24 May of
the same year, of the towns nearest to the enemy at which the army
was placed, there were 200 footmen under John Leeke, and 100 horse-
men under Sir John Ellerker, at Etal.4 At the before mentioned
muster of the East March, on 10 March, 1579-80, 'NEW ETTAILL,- a
village of her Majesty's, with 8 tenants, all unfurnished. Declare 3
years' fine they paid to Sir William Drewry for a lease he had from her
Majesty is the cause ;' and * OLD ETTAILL, a village of her Majesty's,
with 12 tenants, 2 horsed. The others say their great fines paid
to Mr. Haggarston, esquire, her Majesty's lessee, is the cause of decay.'
In 1580 are given the names of places in the East March where the
queen has any lands certified to be unfurnished of horse and armour.
Amongst these are ' New Etall, 8 tenements each of 20s. rent, leased
to Sir William Drury at 10Z. (23 May 13 Eliz). Her Majesty had 2
years' rent for a fine, and a bond to find an able tenant, horse and
armour for each;' and ' Old Etall, 13 tenements, 11 of 20*., 1 of 60s.,
and 1 of 40s. a year, 161. Mr. Haggreston's lease (26 May 13 Eliz.) is
only of the last 2, which are furnished, the rest seem out of lease and
no fines taken.' At the muster of the East March, 1-3 Sept. 1584,
already mentioned, ' Old Ittaill ' had ' horse 3, foot 6, with spear only
34 ;' while ' New Ittail ' had ' foot 7.'6

On leaving Etal castle, the neat little modern church was inspected
in passing, and then members proceeded to Etal manor-house, situated at
the east end of the village ; it was built of white freestone by Sir William
Carr in 1748, and enlarged in 1767. Here they were most kindly
received and entertained to tea, etc., by Lady Laing. At the conclusion
of the repast the thanks of members were accorded by acclamation to
Lady Laing for her kind hospitality, on the motion of Mr. Tomlinson.

Members then left Etal for Berwick, passing on the way the remains of

DUDDO TOWER,

of which there are some notes by the late Mr. C. J. Bates, with an
illustration, in Arch. Ael., xiv, p. 409 ; to this volume readers are
referred.

According to the ' Rentale ' of Robert Bennett, bursar of Durham in
1539, there were due from the captain of Norham 53s. 4d. a year for the
tithes of Dodow, and from Robert Sandersone, proctor of Norham, 8d. a
year for tithes of the mill.- By the ' Booke of Surveighe' of 1580, the

3 Arch. Ael. XIV, 23, 38, 73.

4 Belvoir Papers, I (Hist. MSS. Comm. 12 Rep. App. iv), 39, 37.
5 New Etal consists now of a farm and 5 or 6 cottages, J mile west of Etal village.
In 1541 ' The towneshippe of new Etayle conteyneth viij husband lands plenyshed wthout
fortresse or barmekyn, and ys of thinherytaunce of the Erie of Rutland and the ten'nts
thereof in tyme of nede resorte to his castell of Etayle standynge upon the Est syde of
the said ryver of Tyll.'— Arch. Ael. xiv, 35.

c Cal. of Border Papers, I, 15, 16, 33, 153,

203

sum due from the captain of Nor ham for Duddo was still 53s. 4d. a
year.8

At the time of the ' Survey ' of 1541 'At Duddo there standeth a pece of
a towre that was rased & casten down by the Kinge of Scotts in the
said warre xlt{ yeres sence & more and yt is of the inherytaunce of ....
Claveringe and twoo myles from the ryver of Twede.' Another survey, of
1561, gives ' Duddoo, in the same is one pile, or tower, which is decayed
by reason it was cast downe by the Scotts at Flodden-field [really in 1496]
and ny ver repayred senths, and there standeth bot the halfe yr of, about
the which is one barnekin.'9 In the list of the gentlemen of Northum-
berland of May, 1549, already referred to, Robert Clavering is given for
the lordship of Duddo ; and in a list of 24 May, of the same year, of towns
nearest the enemy at which the army was placed, 100 footmen were at
Felkington and Duddo under Captain Townesend.10 At the muster of the
Middle March on 2 May, 1580, at the ' Mutelaw,' ' Duddoe in Morpeth
lordship, the earl of ArundeFs,' had but one horseman. At the muster
of the East March on 1-3 Sep. 1584, already mentioned, ' Duddow' had
' horse none, foot 4, with spear only 4.'11

James Clavering (son of Robert Clavering of Callaly, who left him
2QI. 13s. 4d.) left his 'maner and lordshippe of Dodoe,' and the cole-
mynes ther,' to his son John and his ' hayres mail,' and in default as is
set forth. William Claveringe, late of Duddoe, by will of ' the latter
parte of November, anno 1586, or thereabouts,' left certain of his sheep
to the poor of Duddo and Tilmouth. In the inventory of 10 July, 1587,
a list of cattle, etc., at Duddo is given.13

On arriving at Berwick members drove direct to the Red Lion Hotel,
where at 6-15 p.m. most of them dined together, and at 7 '44 they
left Berwick for their respective destinations.

Amongst those present were : — Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Oswald, and
Miss Oswald, of Newcastle ; Mr. and Mrs. W. W. Tomlinson of Whitley ;
Mr. T. Williamson, and the Misses Williamson (2), of North Shields ;
Mr. Oliver of Morpeth ; Mr. J. Crawford Hodgson of Alnwick ; Mr.
H. H. E. Craster of All Souls College, Oxford ; Mr. J. M. Moore and Mr.
R. Blair (one of the secretaries), of Harton.

MISCELLANEA.

BAMBURGH CASTLE. (Seepage 167.)

In 1894 Professor T. McKenny Hughes of Cambridge, contributed an
article to the Daily Graphic (which was printed in the number of that
paper for 31st August, 1894) on the discoveries made in that year at
Bamburgh, of which no account has as yet appeared in the transactions
of the society, and as they are worth a permanent record the notes are
here reprinted : —

' In the course,of operations now being carried on by [the late] Lord
Armstrong, under the advice of Mr. C. J. Ferguson, it has been thought
desirable to remove some of the more modern masonry upon the south-
west side of the castle, between the keep and the great hall. Here it was
unexpectedly found that, within a few feet of the surface, the rock
occurred, the intervals and inequalities in which contained pockets of

7 Feodarium Prior. Dunel. (58 Surt. Soc. publ.), 303, 304n, 305.
8 Durham Halmote Rolls (82 Surt. Soc. publ.), 213.

9 Arch. Ael., xiv, 38, 53.
10 Belvoir Papers (Hist. MSS. Comrn. App. 5 to 12 Rep.), 39, 37.

n Cal. of Border Papers, i. 21, 153.
la Wills <fe Inv., 11. (38 Surt. Soc. publ.), 58n, 151, 152,

204

glacial drift over which rubbish had been thrown at various times ; and,
in the process of levelling the area, the remains of food, charcoal, etc.
had been mixed up with layers of clay and boulders. Over the surface
a newer deposit containing a large quantity of charcoal covered the
floor. In the lower deposit was found a Saxon styca of Eanred
and the mint-master Monne. There were also found a stone-sinker,
made of garnetiferous gneiss, and a spindle- whorl. The bones belonged
to ox, sheep, pig, deer, and dog or wolf ; and there were many shells
of oyster, mussel, limpet, and periwinkle. No cockles were found in
this lower midden, and no coal, but both occur in the upper modern
midden. No pottery was found in either. It would thus appear that
in the lower deposit we have a relic of the life of the inhabitants of the
rock in pre-Norman times. These constitute the principal discoveries
within the precincts of the castle up to the present time. To deal with
those outside. As we go south from the castle gate crossing the traces
of a tremendous fosse with a barbican beyond, we see in front of us a
straight path which in places can be seen to be a metalled road, although
much obscured by blown sand. About 300 yards down this road we
come to an open space on the left hand, which has long been known as
' bowl-hole.' Tradition, accepted by the Ordnance Survey, has called
this a Danish cemetery, but the spade tells us that it has a much longer
history. There is one series of interments, at small depths below the
present surface, in which the bodies are generally disposed at length in
rough cists, formed by placing slabs edgewise in the form of a coffin, often
with slabs at the bottom also. But it is not clear how they were covered,
or even if they were covered at all. The difficulty of ascertaining the
depth and mode of interment arise"s from the fact that the ground was
covered by blown sand, and it was only after a severe storm of wind,
which shifted the sand, that the graves were discovered in recent times.
These shallower graves may belong to any part of the early medieval
age. There are, however, other interments on the same site at a much
greater depth, of which several examples have just been found. From
this fact alone we should have been inclined to refer these deeper inter-
ments to a different age. The bodies lay in the sandy, boulder clay,
whereas the others were generally in the bottom of the blown sand. We
therefore carefully examined the site for evidence of British burial, and
soon noticed that the large boulders on the side next the sea were
arranged so as to form part of a large circle enclosing the area within
which the interments occurred, while others lay at the base of the steep
slope, just where they might have been expected to fall if they had once
formed part of the circle, but had been pushed from the slope by
holiday-makers. The conjecture as to the British date of this cemetery
is fully borne out by the position in which the bodies were interred.
The skull of one of them wTas slightly turned to the left, and the hands
extended along the sides ; the legs were doubled up, so that both femurs
were almost at right angles to the general direction of the body, while
the tibia and iibula returned at a small angle, bringing the feet into the
line of the body. In a grave previously explored the body lay on the
left side, with the skull resting on the hand, and the right hand also
lifted to the head. As far as can be ascertained 110 traces of ornament
or weapons have ever been discovered with these remains. The skulls
belong to the brachycephalic type, and we may, therefore, refer these
skeletons to some race, probably belonging to the bronze age, though
possibly having even then a strong admixture of the hardy races of
north-western Europe. In a shallow grave close by were the remains
of an infant, whose little bones had so far perished that we could
jform no opinion as to its relations to the other bodies.'

205

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES

OF NEWCASTLE- UPON- TYNE.

3 SEB., VOL. I. 1904. No. 23.

The tliird country meeting of the season was held, in conjunction
with the Durham and Northumberland Archaeological Society, on
Monday, the 8th day of August, 1904, at

HOUSESTEADS (Borcovicus).

About 70 members of both societies, and friends, were present at the
camp. Most of them assembled at Hexham at 11 o'clock a.m. on the
arrival of the 10*25 express from Newcastle, and drove thence by Four-
stones to Tower Tye, and then followed the line of the Wall to the top of
Limestone-bank, where the first halt was made. Mr. J. P. Gibson of
Hexham, had kindly agreed to act as guide during the day. At Lime-
stone-bank he stated that this was the most northerly point of the
Roman Wall they would touch during the day ; it was 822 feet above
the sea level, and formed an apex pointing towards Scotland. The top
of the bank was of whinstone, and cutting through it for the fosses of
Wall and vallum was the most difficult piece of work the Romans had
had. The explanation of the Wall itself was a simple matter compared
with that of the vallum which was the crux of the whole.

The next halt was at the camp of

CABBAWBUBGH (PrOColitid).

which was visited, as was also the well of Coventina, a little to the west
of the camp, where, in 1876, the great discovery of altars, coins, etc.
was made.1

Seats in the carriages were again taken, and the drive resumed to

BOBCOVICUS,
which was duly reached about 2 o'clock in the afternoon.

Here again Mr. Gibson gave a description of the camp, which does not
differ in any material respect from the other camps on the line of the
Wall. The southern, eastern, northern, and western gateways were
examined, the peculiarities of their construction being pointed out, and
their various uses explained. The great Wall, as it approaches the
camp on the east and leaves it on the west, is in very fine condition,
being some five or six feet high and about seven feet wide, though
doubtless it would be much more imposing when it was in its complete
state of 18 or 20 feet high, with towers at regular intervals. The

i See Archaeologia Acliana, viii, 1.

praetorium, in the centre of the camp, was then inspected and described,
and this finished the day's proceedings. After partaking of tea at the
shepherd's house, members walked [down to the military road, and,
having resnmed their seats in the" carriages, were driven down to
Bardon Mill station, for the train east at 5-19 p.m.

While at the station, Mr. J. R. Hogg proposed a cordial vote of
thanks to Mr. Gibson for his guidance of the visitors, which was heartily
accorded. Mr. Gibson replied, thanking them.

For a full description of the excavations conducted by the society at
Housesteads, members are referred to the report by Mr. R. C. Bosanquet
in Archaeologia Aeliana, vol. xxv.

Amongst these present, in addition to Mr. J. P. Gibson, were the
following members of this society and friends : — Mr. and Mrs. J. G.
Gradon of Durham ; Mr. and Mrs. R. C. Hedley of Corbridge ; Mr.
and Mrs. C. C. Hodges of Hexham ; Mr. J. R. Hogg of North Shields ;
Mr. George Irving and Mr. John Irving, of West Fell, Corbridge ; Mr.
Joseph M. Moore of Harton ; the Revd. S. Liberty of Newcastle ; Mr.
and Mrs. J. Oswald of Newcastle ; Miss Reynolds of Elwick Hall ;
Mr. A. C. Rudd of Stockton and Middleton Low Hall ; Mr. J. G. Hodgson
and Mr. Oswin J. Charlton of Newcastle ; Mr. George Waddilove of
Brunton ; Mr. Robert Blair (one of the secretaries) of Harton, and
others.

MISCELLANEA.

ST. HILD'S CHURCH, SOUTH SHIELDS.

Mr. Charles Cobham of Gravesend, writes thus to Notes and Queries
(for 27 August, 1904, p. 170) : — ' I remember about thirty years ago,
while acting as clerk of the works at the restoration of the old church of
St. Hilda, in the market place of South Shields, there was a disused font
standing amongst the tombstones in the churchyard, which is there yet
for anything I know to the contrary. Mr. Pollard, a benevolent old
warden, during a round of inspection happening to bring it under
observation, exclaimed, in his dear old North Country accent, ' Puir
old thing, that all of us wee bit bairns were christened in ! — give it a
coat of paint.' And the poor old thing was solaced with an affectionate
coat of paint accordingly.' The font is a small late seventeenth century
oval bowl on a twisted stem, reputed to have been designed by Robert
Trollop, the famous builder of the Newcastle Guildhall, whose epitaph :
Here lies Robert Trollop
Who caused these stones to roll up.
was said to have been in Gateshead churchyard.

The Rev. Canon Savage, now vicar of Halifax, and until lately vicar of
St. Hild's, thus writes : — ' An account of the old font was given in the
St. Hilda's Parish Magazine for April, June, and July, 1897. It was
removed into the church, to the position which it had occupied in the
former church, in Canon Baily's time, at the instance of Mr. J. C.
Pollard. It had been turned out into the churchyard in 1870 or 1871,
to make room for the new font given by Mrs. Chester [the widow of a
former vicar]. The replacement of Trollop's font was suggested by
Mr. C. Hodgson Fowler. In 1884 the new font was liberally (!) painted.
In a note, dated 2 February, 1897, Mr. Welford writes (about Trollop) :
' The oft-quoted doggrel epitaph was never seen on his tomb in Gates-
head churchyard, and was probably a local jeu d' esprit.' '

207

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES

OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE.
3 SER., VOL. I. 1904. No. 24.

The ordinary monthly meeting of the society was held in the library
of the Castle, Newcastle, on Wednesday, the 31st day of August, 1904, at
seven o'clock in the evening, Mr. Thomas Hodgkin, D.C.L., F.S.A., a
vice-president, being in the chair.

Several accounts, recommended by the Council for payment, were
ordered to be paid.

The following ORDINARY MEMBER was proposed and declared duly
elected : —

Hugh Laing of Thornhill, Sunderland.

The following NEW BOOKS, &c., were placed upon the table : — •
Presents, for which thanks were voted : —

From Sir John Evans, F.R.S., &c., the writer : — A New Type of
Carausius, (overprint from the Numismatic Chronicle], 8vo., pp. 8,
1904.

From the Peabody Museum of Archaeology, Harvard University,
U.S.A. : — Memoirs, in : (i.) Archaeological Researches in Yucatan,
by Edward H. Thompson, large 8vo. r (ii.) The Cahokia and
Surrounding Mound Groups, by D. I Bushnell, jr., pp. 20; and
(iii.) Exploration of Mounds, Coahoma County, Mississippi, by
Charles P. Peabody, both 8vo., pp. 63.

From the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, U.S.A. : — (i) Guam
and its People, by W. E. Safford ; (ii) The Wild Tribes of the
Malay Peninsula, by W. W. Skeat, M. A. ; (iii) Oriental Elements
of Culture in the Occident, by Dr. Georg Jacob ; (iv) The
Pygmies of the Great Congo Forest, by Sir Harry H. Johnston,
G.C.M.G. ; (v) Fossil Human Bones found near Landing, Kansas,
by W. H. Holmes ; (vi) The Craniology of Man and Anthropoid
Apes, by N. C. Mcnamara ; and (vii) The Baousse-Roussd
Explorations : A Study of a New Human Type, by Albert Gaudry ;
Washington, U.S.A., 1903, all 8vo.

From the Publisher of the Ancestor : — Indexes to vols. i-iv, and v-vn.

From the Derbyshire Archaeological and Nat. Hist. Society : — Their
Journal, vols. xx. and xxv. , 8vo.

From the Royal Irish Academy : — (i) Proceedings, part 3, vol, xxiv,
ser. 3 ; and (ii) Transactions, vol. xxxii.

208

Exchanges : —

From the Royal Academy of History and Antiquities of Stockholm,
Sweden '.—Maenadsblad, 1898-9, and 1901-2 ; 8vo.

From the Canadian Institute of Toronto : — Transactions, No. 15,
March, 1904 (vn. iii.) ; large 8vo.

From the Royal Archaeological Institute: — The Archaeological
Journal, LXI, no. 241 (2 ser. xi. i.), 8vo.

From the Numismatic Society of London : — Tlie Numismatic Chron-
icle, 1904, ii (4 ser. 14), 8vo.

Purchases : — Der Obergermanisch-Raetische Limes des Roemerreiches,
lief, xxn — Kastell Holzhausen, large 8vo. ; The Antiquary for
August, 1904 ; Notes and Queries, 10 ser. 31-35, and Index ; The
Ancestor for July, 1904 ; Index to vol. for 1892-3 of Berwick-
shire Naturalists Club Transactions.

DONATION TO THE MUSEUM.

Thanks were voted for the following : —

From Dr. Beddoe of Bradford-on-Avon : — A quartzite * dagger ' used
at the present time by the Dalleeburra tribe of Central Queens-
land. The quartz point is roughly triangular in form, and is
2ins. long and l£in. wide, embedded in a substance like pitch (?).
The whole is roughly leaf shape. The total length is 5£in.
EXHIBITED : —

By Colonel Arthur Gray (per J. C. Hodgson, F.S.A.) : — A fine silver
Monteith, 12 ins. in diameter and about 8 ins. high, with the
usual loose rim.

Mr. Hodgson thus describes it : — ' This bowl, retaining intact the move-
able rim which forms an essential and characteristic feature of the class of
bowls, known as Monteiths or Menteiths, was made in London, between
May, 1696, and the 25 March in the following year. The initials of the
maker's name are somewhat doubtful. They may be those of Charles
Jackson, who was doing work as late as 1720, or, as Mr T. Taylor
suggests, they may be those of Francis Garthorne, a well-known silver-
smith of the period, some of whose Monteiths he has seen. The sides
of the bowl are spaced so as to form eight compartments, or panels, two
being occupied by the two hinged handles by which the vessel is carried.
In the centre panel of one side there has been engraved a coat armorial
quarterly, first, or, a fesse cheeky argent and azure, for Stewart ; second
and third, a gyronny of eight or and sable, for Campbell ; fourth, argent,
a lymphad or galley, her sails furled and oars in action sable, for Lome ;
crest — a boar's head couped or. Motto — Ne oblivis casu. One panel on
each side is occupied by the following inscription, which reads across
them both : ' The gift of | John Campbell esq. | of No. Carolina | to his
elder | brother George | in the year 1764.' On the three compartments
or panels on the other side of the bowl are engraved the initials J. C.,
J. S. C., and G. C., respectively.'

By Mr, Hardy of Newcastle, (per Mr. C. H. Blair) : — A ' final concord '
of 23 May 1655, relating to lands, &c., at Stanton, Horsley,
Netherwitton and Fenrother. The parchment is said to have
been discovered in a crevice in the west walls of Newcastle about
December, 1903. It bears the usual floriated heading of the
period, with its ornate lettering, the flowers being chiefly con-
ventional tulips. The great seal usually appended is missing.

The following is the text of the document : —

OLIVER LOUD PROTECTOR of the Com[m]onwealth of England Scotland

209

and Ireland & the Dominions therto belonging. To ALL to whom these
p'sents shall come GREETING Knowe yee that amonge the z*ecords & feete
of ffines with p'clamacons therevpon made before the Justices of the
Com[m]on Bench at W'stmr according to the forme of the Statute in that
case made & p'vided in Easter Terme in the yeare of our Lord one
thousand six hundred & fifty five It is thus Conteyned NORTHUMBR
This is the finall agreem* made in the Court of the Com[m]on Bench at
Wstmrr From Easter day in five weeks the yeare of our Lord one
thousand six hundred & fifty five before Oliver St. John Edward Atkyns
Mathew Hale & Hugh Wyndham Justices & others then & there p'sent
BETWEEN Roger Nevile & Edward Burdett gent, plfs AND Edward
ffenwicke esqr & Sara his wife Roger ffenwicke esqre & ffrancis
Nevile esqre def orceants of the Mannor of Stanton wth the appurtennces
AND of tenn messuages three tofts tenn Cottages six barnes tenn gardens
tenn orchards three hundred acres of Land three hundred acres of
meadow three hundred acres of pasture one thousand acres of moore &
five hundred acres of furze & heath wth the appurtennces in Stanton,
Horsley, Netherwitton & ffenrother WHEKEVPON a plea of Covenant
was summoned between them in the said Court THAT is TO SAY that
the aforesaid Edwarde ffenwicke & Sara Roger ffenwicke & ffrancis
haue acknowledged the aforesaid Mannor tenemts wth the appur-

tennces to be of him the said Roger Nevile THOSE wch

the said Roger & Edward Burdett haue of the guift of the aforesaid
Edward ffenwicke & Sara Roger ffenwicke & ffrancis AND THOSE
they haue remised & quitclaimed from them the said Edward ffenwicke
& Sara Roger ffenwicke & ffrancis & their hei.res to the aforesaid Roger

Nevile & Edward Burdett & the heires of the said AND

MOREOVER the said Edward ffenwicke & Sara haue grannted for them &

the heires of the said Edward will warrant to the aforesaid

Roger Nevile & Edward Burdett & the heires of the said Roger the
aforesaid Mannor [& tenemts] wth the appurtennces against them the
said Edward ffenwicke & Sara & the heires of the said Edward for ever
AND FURTHER the said Roger ffenwicke hath grannted for him & his
heires that they will warrant to the aforesaid Roger Nevile & Edward
Burdett & the heires of the said Roger the aforesaid Mannor & tements
wth the appurtennces against him the said Roger ffenwicke & his
heires for ever AND ALSOE the said ffrancis hath grannted for him &
his heires that they will warrant to the aforesaid Roger Nevile & Edward
Burdett & the heires of the said Roger the aforesaid Mannor & tenemts
wth the appurtennces against him the said ffrancis & his heires for ever
AND FOR THIS acknowledgem1 remise quiteclaim warranties fine &
agreem1 the said Roger Nevile & Edward Burdett haue given to the
aforesaid Edward ffenwicke & Sara Roger ffenwicke & ffrancis eight
hundred pounds sterlinge IN TESTIMONY whereof wee haue caused our
seale deputed for the sealeing of writts in the Court aforesaid vnto
these p'sents to be affixed, wittnes O. St. John at W'stmr xxiiith day
of May in the yeare abouesaid.' Seal gone.

By Mr. Ralph Nelson of Bishop Auckland (per Mr. R. Blair) :—
i. — A letter of Mr. John Walker of Cliff House, Cullercoats, to the
bishop of Durham, dated 15 Dec. 1839, in which the writer
rejoices that it is intended to build a church at Coundon, and
enclosing £10 towards it. It bears the post mark ' North Shields |
De. 15 | 1839 ; and in addition ' Cullercoats | Penny Post.'
Mr. Nelson asks 'how do you account for this (' Cullercoats Penny
Post ') ? The Penny Post started 10 Jan. 1840. A letter from Coundon
to Durham, 9 miles, was charged 4d., and Cullercoats would be at least
three times the distance.' He would like an answer to his query.

210

ii. — An original ' Copy Dra* Grant of a Market and Fairs at South
Shields ' [thus endorsed], from the Auckland Collection. It is
here printed : —

' COPY DBA1 GRANT OF THE MARKET, &C., AT SHIELDS.'

' RICHARD by the Grace of God Bishop of Durham To ALL to whom
our present Letters shall come Greeting WHEREAS by a certain Inquis-
ition indented taken at the City of Durham in the full County of Drham
the sixteenth Day of July now last past Before Sir Hedworth William-
son Baronet Sheriff of the County of Durham by virtue of a certain Writ
of our Lord the King of ad quod Damnum lately issued out of the Court
of Chancery at Durham to him the said Sheriff directed and to the
aforesd Inquisition annexed by the Oath of good and lawful Men of the
County aforesaid IT WAS FOUND that it would not be to the Damage
or prejudice of our sd Lord the King, or of others, or to the Nusance
[sic] of any Neighbouring Market or Fair If WE should grant to Spencer
Cowper Dr. in Divinity Dean and the Chapter of Durham of the Cathe-
dral Church of Christ and blessed Mary the Virgin and their Successors
Lords of the Manor of Westoe in the C° aforesaid That they and their
successors might have and keep in the Town or reputed Town of South
Shields within their said Manor One Market upon Wednesday in every
Week for ever ; and also Two Fairs yearly (to wit) One of the said Fairs
upon the twenty fourth Day of June and the other of the said Fairs
upon the 1st Day of September in every year to be held and continued
for ever for the Buying and Selling of all and all manner of Beasts and
Cattle Flesh Fishes Birds Grain Roots Herbs and other provisions and
all and all manner of Goods Wares and Merchandizes commonly bought
and sold in Markets and Fairs Together with all Tolls and profits
from thence arising As by the sd. Writ and Inquisition remaining of
Record upon the Files of the Court of Chancery aforesaid more fully
may appear Now KNOW YE that We of our Special Grace and also of
our certain knowledge and meer motion HAVE Given and Granted and
by these Presents for us and our Successors DO Give and Grant to
Spencer Cowper Doctor in Divinity Dean and the Chapter of Durham
of the Cathedral Church of Christ and blessed Mary the Virgin and their
Successors Lords of the aforesaid Manor of Westoe in the County afore-
said That they and their successors may have and keep in the Town
or reputed Town of South Shields aforesaid within their said Manor
One Market upon Wednesday in every Week for ever and also Two
Fairs yearly (to wit) One of the said Fairs upon the twenty fourth Day
of June and the other of the said Fairs upon the first Day of September
in every year to be held and continued for ever for the Buying and Sell-
ing of all and all manner of Beasts and Cattle Flesh Fishes Birds Grain
Roots Herbs and other Provisions and all and all manner of Goods
Wares and Merchandizes commonly bought and sold in Markets and
Fairs Together with all Tolls and Profits from Thence arising. To HAVE
HOLD AND ENJOY the aforesd Market and Fairs and other the Premisses
above by these Presents granted or mentioned to be granted to the said
Dean and the Chapter of Dnrham of the Cathedral Church of Christ and
blessed Mary the Virgin and their Successors Lords of the said Manor of
Westo [sic] in the County aforesaid To their own proper Use and
behoof for ever Without any Accompt or other Thing to be rendred piad
or done to us or our Successors for the same AND THEREFORE We Will
and by these Presents for us and our Successors Do strictly enjoin and
command That the aforesaid Dean and the Chapter of Durham of the
Cathedral Church of Christ and Blessed Mary the Virgin and their

211

Successors Lords of the aforesaid Manor of Westoe in the County
aforesaid may have and keep the aforesaid Market upon Wednesday in
every Week for ever and the aforesaid Two Fairs yearly for Ever
together with all the other prem'es aforesaid according to the Tenor and
true Meaning of these our Letters patent without the Molestation
Disturbance oppression or contradiction of us or our Successors or of any
Sheriffs Escheators Bailiffs Officers or Ministers whatsoever of us or our
Successors and without any other Warrant Writ or process in this respect
from Us or our Successors to be procured or obtained MOREOVER We
will and by these presents for Us and our Successors Do grant to the
aforesaid Dean and the Chapter of Durham of the Cathedral Church of
Christ and blessed Mary the Virgin and their Successors That these our
Letters patent or the Inrolment or exemplification thereof are and shall
be in all things good firm valid sufficient and effectual in the Law to
them and their Successors according to the true meaning of the same
IN TESTIMONY whereof we have caused these our Letters to be made
Patent WITNESS Sir Joseph Yates Knight our Chancellor of Durham
at Durham the Day of in the 5th year of the

Reign of our Sovereign Lord George the third by the Grace of God of
Great Britain ffrance and Ireland King Defender of the Faith and so
forth And in the year of our Consecration and in the

year of our Translation.'

Thanks were voted for these exhibits.

CORBRIDGE (STAGSHAWBANK) FAIR.

Mr. R. O. Heslop (one of the secretaries) read an interesting paper by
Mr. F. W. Dendy, V.P., on purchases at Corbridge Fair in 1289.

Mr. J. C. Hodgson mentioned that there were some peculiar and un-
explained features connected with Stagshaw-bank fair. The fair
belonging to, and regulated by, the Duke of Northumberland, as lord
of the manor of Corbridge, is held in an adjacent parish within the
limits of the ancient regality of Hexham, with which the lords of the
manor of Corbridge have had no connection. Nor is the fair held on
St. Andrew's day — the feast of the dedication of Corbridge parish
church — as might have been expected, but on St. John Baptist's day
(old style), under whose invocation is the parochial chapel of St. John
Lee, in which chapelry or parish Stagshaw is situated. He said also
that a notice of Horse Races to be run on Stagshaw-bank on May 5 1724,
may be found in the Newcastle Courantof 28 March 1724.

The thanks of members were voted to Mr. Dendy by acclamation.

The paper will probably be printed in Archaeologia Aeliana.

MISCELLANEA.

1 Another simple game they played was with hard-boiled eggs. A
man would enter the osteria crying, ' Ecce uova tosta.' Then some of
those great big men would purchase, trying each egg against their teeth,
to see whether the shell was all filled. One then held his egg in his fist,
exposing only the smallest portion of the top, and the other would gently
knock it with the end of his egg. Whichever broke first was the
property of the other.' ' An Artist's Life in Italy,' by Val. C. Prinsep,
R.A., in The Magazine of Art for July, 1904, p. 418. This being a
description answering exactly to the ' jarping ' of eggs on Tyneside at
Easter, it has been thought worthy of record here as shewing a corres-
pondence between our northern counties and sunny Italy.

212

The following local extracts, from the Calendar of Patent^Rolls, are
continued from p. 184: —

1477, June 11, Westminster. — General pardon to Thomas Heron, alias
Herun, alias Herrun, late of Meldoii, co. Northumberland, ' gentilman,'
alias Thomas Tateheyre late of Conhath, of all offences committed by
him before 22 May. By p.s.— 17 Edw. IV, pt. 1, memb. 8. [p. 41]

1479, May 28, Woburn. — General pardon to Jasper Bradford late of
North Medylton, co. Northumberland, ' gentilman,' alias Jasper Bred-
ford late of Bradforth, co. Northumberland, alias Jasper Bradeford late
of North Middylton, of all offences committed by him before 5 February
last. By p.s.

The like to George Bradford late of Bamburgh, co. Northumberland,
' gentilman,' alias George Bradforth late of Bradforth, co. Northumber-
land, alias George Brodforth late of Bameburgh. By p.s.

May 30, Woburn. — General pardon to George Eryiigton of Nuburgh,
Tyndale, co. Northumberland, ' gentilman,' alias of Haughton in
Tyndale, co. Northumberland. By p.s.

The like to Thomas Eryngton of Whityngton, co. Northumberland,
' gentilman,' alias Thomas Erryngton of the county of Northumberland,
alias Thomas Heryngton of Byngfeld, co. Northumberland. By p.s.
—19 Edw. IV, memb. 25. [p. 156]

1481, May 9, Westminster. — General pardon to William Shetton alias
Shotton late of Dodyngton, co. Northumberland, ' yoman,' alias of
Heton, co. Northumberland, of all offences committed by him before
29 April last. By p.s. — 21 Edw. IV, pt. 2, memb. 14. [p. 274]

1483, Feb. 25, Westminster. — Pardon, at the request of the king's
brother Richard, duke of Gloucester, to the king's subjects of York,
Cumberland, Northumberland, and Westmoreland, and the city of York,
and the precinct of the same, and the town of Kyngeston on Hull, of
the whole fifteenth and tenth granted to the king by the commons of
the realm in Parliament at Westminster, 20 January, 22 Edward IV.,
in consideration of their expenses in warring against the king's enemies
of Scotland. By K.— 22 Edw. IV, pt. 2, memb. 11. [p. 339]
s. 1482, March 2, Westminster. — Licence for the dean and canons of the
king's free chapel of St. George within the castle of Wyndesore to grant
the advowson or patronage of the parish church of Symondesburn, in
the diocese of Durham, to the king's brother Richard, duke of Gloucester,
and Anne his wife, and their heirs. By K. Ibid., memb. 4. [p. 260]

1483, Aug. 1. — Commission to John Lylborn the elder, John Cartyng-
ton, John Agerston and John Swynburn, in the county of Northumber-
land, to assess certain subsidies granted to the late king by the commons
of the realm in the last Parliament at Westminster [Rolls of Parliament,
VI, 197] from aliens, with the exception of the nations and merchants
of Spain and Brittany and the merchants of Almain who have a house in
the city of London called Gildhall Theutonicorum, and to send their
inquisitions to the treasurer and barons of the exchequer, and to appoint
collectors so that the sums shall be answered for at Michaelmas. —
Rich. III., pt. 2, memb. 22d. [p. 396]

CORRECTIONS.

Page 160, line 39, for ' Carliol ' read ' Carliol Croft/

Page 165, line 15, for 'Kev. C. Williams' read 'Eev. E. Williams.'

213

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES

OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE.
3 SEB., VOL. I. 1904. No. 25.

A country meeting of the Society was held, in conjunction with the
Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society,
on Thursday and Friday, the 8th and 9th September, 1904, at

BEWCASTLE, LANERCOST, NAWORTH, &c.

The arrangements for the excursion were in the hands of a local com-
mittee consisting of Mr. T. H. Hodgson, F.S.A. (chairman), his Honour
Judge St savenson, Mr. J. Proctor Watson, Mr. H. Penfold, and the two
hon. secretaries of the Cumberland Society.

FIRST DAY.

THURSDAY, 8TH SEPTEMBER, 1904.

The weather was threatening, but, fortunately, rain did not interfere
with the pleasure of the party. Amongst the members of the Newcastle
Society and friends present there were Mr. T. H. Hodgson (chairman
of council of the Cumberland society) and Mrs. Hodgson, of Newby
Grange, Carlisle ; the Hon. and Rev. W. Ellis, rector of Bothal, North-
umberland ; Mr. George Irving of West Fell, Corbridge ; Mr. W. J.
Armstrong of Hexham ; Mr. M. Mackey and Mrs. Mackey, Mr. Maudlen,
and Mr. John Gibson (warden of the castle), of Newcastle ; Mr.
S. S. Car:: of Tynemouth ; and Mr. R. Blair (one of the secretaries) of
Harton. Amongst others present were the bishop of Barrow (president
of the Cumberland society) ; Mr. Harvey Goodwin of Orton Hall ; Mr.
H. Penfold of Brampton ; Mr. W. G. Collingwood of Coniston ; Mr. W.
L. Fletcher of Workington; Mr. and Mrs. J. Rawlinson Ford of Leeds ;
the Rev. W. F. Gilbanks of Great Orton ; Dr. Barnes, Canon Bower,
and Major Spencer Ferguson, of Carlisle ; the Rev. W. Lowthian of
Troutbeck ; Mr. T. Wilson (one of the secretaries of the Cumberland
Society) and Miss Wilson of Kendal ; and many others.

The Newcastle contingent left Newcastle by the 10-25 a.m. train, and
that from Carlisle by the train at 12-15, and assembling at Brampton
junction about one o'clock they found carriages awaiting them, in
which they drove to the ' mote ' at

BRAMPTON.

They ascended the eminence by the old carriage drive at the back,
and on reaching the summit saw the splendid panoramic view of the
great plain of Cumberland spread out at their feet.

214

Standing on the base of the Howard monument Mr. Collingwood read
an interesting paper, in which he called in question the theory that this
was a Danish ' mot ' or hill for the dispensing of justice ; rather did he
favour the idea that this hill and other mote hills or k burhs ' in the
county were the residence of the local lords or chiefs. He further
remarked that he could still call these hills ' burhs,' for had we not the
name attaching to the mote at Burton in Lonsdale ?

Descending by the front of the moat the party resumed their seats in
the conveyances and were driven to the old church, where they were
met and welcomed by the vicar.

A paper by Mr. Penfold, on the building, was read in the church.
He thought that the existing building was not a chancel only but a
complete church. There were various surmises by different members,
some inclining to the belief that, at the lengthening of the building, the
chancel of the ancient church was included and built out into its present
condition. Most probably, however, in Norman times it was merely a
small chantry chapel, subsequently enlarged to about twice its original
size, as the break in the masonry of both north and south walls clearly
shows. There are one or two interesting medieval floriated grave-
covers in the churchyard, besides several gravestones of ' statesmen,'
bearing canting coats of arms which it would be difficult to describe
in the usual heraldic language. The paper also contained an account
of the restoration of the church, which took place in 1891.

A vote of thanks to the vicar and to Mr. Penfold brought the pro-
ceedings here to a close.

The party afterwards walked across the meadows by a footpath and
over the river to Irthington, and on the summit of the mound, Mr.
T. H. Hodgson pointed out that this ' burh ' was in almost every respect
similar to Brampton mote. The party was received at Irthington
church by the vicar, and Canon Bower pointed out many of the inter-
esting features of the edifice, including the graceful character of the
capitals, the lowside window, some medieval grave covers, and the
communion plate, which includes a hammered silver chalice of 1601
and a pewter tankard and paten of 1730.

The conveyances were again taken and a start made with the eight
mile drive to Castle Carrock. On arrival members, under Judge
Steavenson's guidance, ascended the fell, and after admiring the
features of the wide landscape, listened to a very instructive address
by the judge, who, standing on the edge of a circular hollow, said that
several of these holes had been dug out, of which there were hundreds
on the fells ; some people were of opinion that they were pit dwellings,
others simply ' swallow holes ' as it was a limestone country. He, how-
ever, thought many of them were ancient pit dwellings, and gave his
reasons for so thinking. That chosen to illustrate his remarks was well
defined, circular in form, and with a strong rampart around. Speaking of
Castle Carrock the judge said that in 1805 the wastes in the parish were
awarded. The people who settled there in Saxon times were a co-opera-
tive community ; joining together they worked the land amongst them ,
one supplied the irons, another wood, a third the gear for the plough ; and
the same co-operation applied in regard to the animals which were used
in the cultivation of the land. This, of course, was previous to the
division of the land into the Norman manors. At the Conquest the feudal
system came in with its system cf lords and tenants. The boundaries of
the manor were well defined, and within its borders had been traced ter-
races, and stone cists and other evidences of an ancient occupation had
been found.

215

Descending from the fell the members were entertained to tea at
Gelt hall by Judge and Mrs. Steavenson ; and then, after thanking
their host and hostess, they drove to How Mill where the train was
taken at 0-55 p.m., for Carlisle.

Between thirty and forty members of the two societies dined together
in the eveiiing at the Great Central hotel. After dinner there was a
meeting for the reading of papers and the transaction of the general
business of the Cumberland society, presided over by the bishop of
Barrow, the president.

Amongst the papers read was one, by Mr. Bailey, on the Roman altars
at Rokeby in Yorkshire, from Cumberland. (For note of them see
these Proc. x, 326; also Lapid. Sept., nos. 354, 35(>, 372; and G. I. L.
vn, 275, 807, 813, 827) Three of them had been removed from Naworth
by Sir Thomas Robinson, to whom they were given by his brother-in-law,
the earl of Carlisle, and the probability is that the other two — making
five in all — were removed at the same time. In the Lapidarium these
two altars are said to be lost. Mr. Bailey suggested new readings of
some of the inscriptions. '

SECOND DAY.

FRIDAY, 9TH SEPTEMBER, 1904.

In addition to the members of the Newcastle society present on the
previous day, were the following : — Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Oswald of
Newcastle ; Mr. J. P. and Miss Gibson of Hexham ; and Mr. John A.
Irving of West Fell, Corb ridge.

Again, as on. the previous day, the party assembled at Brampton
junction, but at 10 a.m. Them were about one hundred members and
friends in the societies' carriages and a number also in private convey-

ices and on cycles. The morning opened delightfully fine, though a
trifle windy. In the afternoon, however, the pleasure of the party was
somewhat marred by heavy showers of rain accompanied by a cold wind.

Members arrived at,

ASKERTON CASTLE.

well up to time. Taking up a somewhat sheltered position they listened to
an interesting description of the ancient stronghold, written by the late
Chmicellor Ferguson of Carlisle, and read by his son, Major Spencer Fer-
guson. He said that Askerton castle was built in the early Tvidor poriod,
1500 to 1525 ; its builder was Thomas, second baron Dacre of Gilsland,
as the initials T.D. on the outside of the northern tower show. It was
used as the residence of the land sergeant of Gilsland, who commanded
a few men at arms to protect the barony from the incursions of the moss-
troopers and to warn the inhabitants of Naworth of the approach of the
Scots. Mr. T. H. Hodgson then referred to a duel between one. of the
Carletons, who were land sergeants for several generations, and Thomas
Musgrave, captain of Bewcastle.

The castle is now used as a farmhouse. Its plan is rather curiou^,
being an oblong with two tcwers, about the same size, narrower than
the central building, at each end ; that on the east being on a lino with
the main building, and that on the west being a little back from it, as
is shewn on this rough plan:

tower.

216

In the angles a and b are the openings of latrine shafts. The stabling,
which had apartments over, as evidenced by the fireplace and mullioned
windows, is on the north, and between it and the castle is a small
courtyard with a curtain wall on the east. There are small openings
to the south, high up in the central building, and in each tower, for
light and air. In the present kitchen is a large fireplace, on which is
the inscription THOMAS CARLETON IUNIOR 1576 Several of the visitors
ascended the tower at the south-east angle, and also that at the south-
west angle, the latter tower being at present under repair. On the
leads of the first mentioned tower the following contemporary inscrip-
tion has been incised : — ' Geo Taylr 9 Novb 1745 | the Day that the
Rebels | came to the Border.'

The following are a few extracts, chiefiy from the Calendar of Border
Papers, relating to Askerton : —

In a letter of 29 December, 1569, Edmund Turner informs the Duke
of Norfolk that Edward Dacre, brother to Leonard Dacre, ' whom they
named to be lord Dacre,' and a number with him, ' in warlike manner
with ladders nad scaled the walls of Graystock Castle, with like force the
Bells and Milburnes of Gillesland did climb over the walls to Naward
Castle, and pull out the servants of Thomas Carleton who had the keeping

of it The Dacres had burned beacons in the night for the assembly

of men to withstand the re-entry of the Lord Warden that the

Dacres had entered the Castle of Askerton, Denton Tower, and Cumcatch,
co. Cumberland, three of the wards houses. Some of Dacre' s servants

had entered the college of Kirk Oswald and had removed the

goods to Naward.1

In 1580, according to a survey of that year, Askerton Castle, another
small fortress within the barony of Gilsland, is reported as being
' partly decayed, the repairinge whereof, with the help of the woods
belonginge to the Lord and owner of the same, is esteamed to xxfo'.'~

Amongst those who appeared at a muster of Eskdale ward men of
8 and 9 February, 1580-1, were many inhabitants of Askerton lordship
(their names are given), 21 of them having jacks, 37 steel caps, 48 spears
and lances, one a bow, and one a gun.' From ' Lannercoste ' also, a
large number mustered, 10 had jacks, 29 steel caps, 30 spears or lances,
and 4 bows ; and from Brampton likewise, 9 had jacks, 37 steel caps, 46
spears and lances, and 9 bows. In ' Rules for defence of the Borders,'
of June, 1538, it is stated that proper order cannot be maintained,

' excepte there be placede at Askerton, a true and able man to rule

and governe the people of the vale of Gilleslande, wherin is manie
good, true and suftycient men, if they weare well entreatede, ruled and
governede, as some saie now they are not ; and those to keepe likewise

their watches, make their cries, better then of late by reason of

the variance betwene the Carletons and Musgraves, which hathe bene
a greate overthrowe and hindrance of bothe those places of Beaucastle
dale and Gilleslande.' In an information of April, 1585, against
Thomas Carlton, and others, it is stated that on the previous Easter
Tuesday, at a horse race in Liddesdale, Thomas Carlton talked secretly
with the Lairds of Mangerton, and Whithawghe, and Will of Kinmoth
.... Carlton came that night home to Askerton, and next day ' ranne
the bell of the Wainerigge.' Will of Kinmoth, his brother Robbe, and
other Scotsmen, came with him to Naworth, for the 'night and on
leaving, Kinmoth got ' Gray Carver,' a horse of Lancelot Carlton's, and

i Cecil Papers, I, 455, 6.
a The Household Books of Lord William Howard (68 Surt. Soc. publ.), xxxv.

Proc. Soc. Antiq. Newc. 3 ser. i.

To face page

ASKERTON CASTLE.
From a photograph by Mr. Joseph Oswald.

LANERCOST PRIORY, FROM THE S.E.
From a photograph by Mr. W. L. Fletcher of Workington.

217

has him yet. Thomas Carlton sent a man to take assurance between
Richies Will and them of ...thejMoote saying, if they did, he should
have gold and land; butjie refused, since he heard of lord Arundel's
apprehension he suspected Carlton meant them to join the conspiracy.

In 1592 the barony of Gilsland was ' under the government of a
steward, who ought to ly att Askerton cast'e. In his charge is all the
safetie of the barronrie, without either help of warden or other, for that

yt lyeth some what farre off This countrie since the rebellion is

sore spoyled, and ever since worse governed.'3

In 1594 Henry Leigh, steward of the barony of Burgh, gives his
' Reasons to move her Majesty to relieve her poor servant,' as he had
spent his patrimony in her majesty's service on the border, and has
' neither land nor lease in the world to maintain himself nor relieve his
wife and 5 children except the Stewardship of the Barony of Burgh, with
only 51. fee, out of which he has to make certain payments ; while the
captain of Bewcastle (Sir Symond Musgrave and his son Thomas) hath
the demesnes of Bewcastle, with a mill, and rents of all the tenants,
with their tithes, perquisites of court, &c., amounting to near 400
marks yearly, beside 140Z. fee ;' and ' The land sergeant of G-illesland and
his brother (Mr. Thomas Carleton and his brother Launcelot Carleton,
500Z.) have all the parks and demesnes of the late Lord Dacres,' amongst
them being Askerton, yearly value 100 marks ; and the demesnes of
Naward and the park, value 100J. On 8 November, 1595, Alexander
King sends to Sir Robert Cecil a ' statement of all lands come to the
possession of the queen by the attainders of Leonard Dacre and the
Earl of Arundell within his office. Amongst the castles of the Dacres
with their keepers -he gives, ' Naworth House or Castle, Launcelot
Carleton,' and ' Askerton Tower or Castle, Thomas Carleton.'4

In 1595 or 1596, Lord William Howard 'your pore distressed suppliant,'
petitioned queen Elizabeth for the lands in her hands of ' The Baronies,
Manors, landes, etc., alloted to me in partition in the right of my
wyffe as sister and coheire of George late Lord Dacre deceased, and
latelie seased to hir Majestie's use.' They included in ' Com. Cumbr.
The Baronye of Gillesland in which is conteyned twoe Castles, viz.,
N award and Askerton .... the commaundement of the men within
that Baronie under the office of the land sergeant to be placed by the
Lord therof, per annum, ccvij1'.'5

On 4 June, 1596, of the lands in Cumberland in the barony of G-lsland
late the possessions of Leonard Dacro attainted, whereof the Graimes
are tenants, 12 acres of arable and 2 acres of meadow were in the manor
of Askerton, held at the lord's will after the custom of the manor, by
Richard Graime, for which he paid 13s. 4d. ; and 12 acres of arable and
12 of meadow were similarly held by Fergus Gra:me, for which he paid
10s. 2d. On 19 June of the same year, lord Scrope in a letter informed
Burghley that William Grame of the Mote had spoiled John Taylier, a
queen's tenant about the Ry dings, had cut down the queen's wood there
and kept as servants one William Lanbe and Davie Richeson, common
and notorious spoilers of the queen's subjects ; he (' Willie of the Mott ')
was at the ' herishipp ' of one Richeson of Burnehurst upon King- water,
whom he murdered, Davie Richeson and others being with him ; that
night they lay at Askerton, Thomas Carleton' s house. Three days
before (16th), this same William Grame had answered the charge by

3 Cal. of Border Papers, i, 39 & 40. 102, 180, 392.

* Cecil Papers, V, 65-66, 443.
5 Howard Household Books, 409.

218

stating that Da vie Richeson was a queen's tenant and was his 'neighbor,'
not his servant, and that he could not answer for Richeson' s death, but
confessed he was at Askerton for three days before and three days after,
and that on the fray coming on he and others did their best to take the
offenders. On 21 June, 1596, Richard Grame, gentleman, baiff of the
manor of Askerton, sent in his account shewing a total debt of 281. Is.
for the moiety of the rent of the manor due at Whitsuntide then last
past, it was made up chiefly of the past issues of the office, for fines,
'grassums,' etc. On 9 February, 1596-7, lord Scrope, in a letter to
Burghley, informs him that he had in no way dealt with the Carletons
but according to law and justice, and had impanelled a jury in his war-
denry, ' som, yea most of them eyther of consanguynitie or at least of
affinitie.' Guy Carleton was indicted by the jury of march treason, and
afterwards by another jury found guilty of horse stealing, the penalty
of march law being death, which he deserved, as he was one of the
' baddest members ' in the wardenry. Thomas and Anthony Carleton
were indicted by the same jury for the same offence, Thomas having
kept George Sibsen, a Scotsman, and a march thief, at his house at
Askerton, for several days, and ' one Wattie Harden,' a chief officer
under ' Buckleugh,' who made a « fray ' into Gilsland within Thomas
Carle on' s office, none of the places harried ' moch above a mile ' from
Askerton ; and carried away 300 oxen, etc. Thomas Carleton was not
outlawed, as Mr. Richard Lowther promised he would come in, but
' Carleton himself in most contemptuous manner keeps ' Thurllway
Castle,' in lord Eure's wardenry, but he intended to outlaw him, first
giving him 20 days respite. He requested that captain Yaxley should
be sent with 50 ' to be dooing for Gilsland, it being so impoverished by
the treachery of Thomas Carleton, the land sergeant.' On 10 July,
1597, Richard Graimes, the bailiff, was in arrears to the amount of
551. 18s. On 9 August following Scrope, in a letter to the priw council,
stated that Thomas Armstrong had heard of the murder of his brother
Rinion near Askerton castle, that Thomas Carleton, and the other
Carletons, were the chief occasion of all the Scottish spoils last summer
in Gilsland barony, and that the Carletons and Grames were not
charged with any offence but of conspiring to break into Carlisle castle
and release Kinmont.

On 16 August, 1598, there is a certificate of auditor King as to Gilsland
barony that it was the fee of Thomas Carleton, deceased, late land
sergeant, granted by the late earl of Arundel and others, the rent being
61. 13*. 4d. a year, that the office of land sergeant was a ' marshall '
government of all the queen's tenants in the barony of 14 or 15 manors,
and as many bailiffs and tenants, all bound to rise to fray at his com-
mand. He had to reside in the barony, to rise at every fray, to pro-
secute murders by Scots, to be ready at the lord warden's command, and
to see to the tenants being f urnished for service. He had to find sureties
and was to have the goods of felons. The yearly fee of Richard Grame,
the bailiff of Askerton, was 26s. Sd. which he had had since the barony
came into the queen's hands. It was a question whether he should be
displaced and the office be at the disposal of him to be appointed the
new land sergeant.6

At a muster taken at Brampton on 5 September, 1598, before Jolm
Musgrave, land sergeant of Gilsland, Richard Grame als Longtowne came
not, all the rest of the tenants of Askerton are ' heryed ' and gone. The
Carletons have all the queen's houses of strength in Gilsland, and had

* Cal. of Border Papers, n.

219

placed divers Scots in them. Thomas Carleton had Askerton house,
demesne, and mill and other places, Lancelot Carleton had Naworth
castle, demesne and park, etc. The several fees in the land sergeantship
are stated to be the house, demesne and mill of Askerton, the land
sergeant lias also the appointment of the bailiff of Askerton. In a
letter of 20th of the same month Scrope writes to Cecil that according
to the queen's warrant for placing John Musgrave of Plump ton into the
office of land sergeant, he showed Thomas Carleton her letters signify-
ing her pleasure, but he refused to give peaceable possession either of the
house, desmesne or mills of Askerton, till he heard further of the queen's
pleasure, saying he had a lease of them, and that the queen had promised
his enjoyment of the full term. He asked for directions as while the
matter thus stood disorders could not be reformed, as certain Scotsmen
Carleton' s ' kinred,' inhabit there, always doing mischief. On the 11
October Scrope wrote to Cecil that the Carletons still refused possession.
and that their Scottish kindred had recently made a 'road' . On the 20th ,
in another letter, he said that John Musgrave had obtained the house of
Ednill, the best house of the Musgraves of a younger brother, Carleton,
who was land sergeant, ' had not an equal livinge of his own, and dwelt
further from Gilsland than Musgrave, but after getting the office they
always removed to Askerton which belongs to it, and dwelt on their
charge.' On 6 November, Alexander King wrote to secretary Cecil that
he was to be fully satisfied touching the land sergeantship, and of ' the
scite and demesnes of Askerton heretofore gn Minted unto Thomas Carle-
ton, gentleman, deceased,' that he had a copy of the grant whereby it
appeared that Carleton lie Id the office for his life, but had a lease for 21
years of the site and demesne of Askerton. He knew that ' Askerton
house and castle is a house of good strength and defence, and the only
house in Gilsland fit for the land sergeant to dwell in.' On 1 August,
1601, Scrope in a letter to Cecil asks for the land sergeant's warrant for
the house of Askerton, when he will be answerable for the qiieen's rents
there.'7

In 1618 Lord William Howard received 191. for rents of the manor
of Askerton ; in 1620, 111. 12s. ; in 1624, 161. 16s. 4d. In 1621 Thomas
Lytell was ' bayly ' of Askerton. Lord William Howard kept up a
small establishment at Askerton; in 1640, wages were paid to four
men and five women. Frequent payments to servants are mentioned
in the accounts. In 1611 there appears 20Z. 3s. 3d.; in 1625, 251. 9s
lOd. ; in 1626, 22Z. 6s. 8d. ; in 1629, 24Z. 16s. 7d.8

Leaving Askerton the party reached

BEWCASTLE

prompt to time (12-50).

At Bewcastle the churchyard, the Roman camp, the early cross, and
the ancient castle all came in for inspection. Aiter a short interval
allowed for this purpose, the party assembled in the church, where
the following interesting account of Bewcastle was read by Mr. W. G.
Collingwood : —

' Bewcastle as a site of interest, takes us back to Roman, and
perhaps pre-Roman times. The church stands in a camp, which
was hexagonal, with \mequal sides, and as the normal Roman camp
was square, this was supposed to have been a British fort, taken and
occupied by the Romans. It covered about six acres, from the

"i Cal. of Border Papers, 11.
8 Howard Household Boohs, 67, 118, 175n, 211, 221, 233, 254, 415, 155.

220

deep brink of the Kirkbeck, including the present rectory build-
ings and gardens, and the 1 churchyard, up (to the castle. Mr.
Maughan, a former vicar, said that 'almost every grave dug in the

churchyard cut through founda-
tion 1= walls, and that thei*e were
traces of flagging and pavements,
pieces of coal, Roman coins, rings,
urns, pottery, tiles, bricks, iron,
glass, beads, querns, carved and
inscribed stones found at various
times. His account is given at
length in Whellan. In 1893 was
found an altar to Cocidius,9 sup-
posed to be of the first half of the
third contury. The altar is now
at Tullie House. There is a Ro-
man road hence to Birdoswald.
Mr. Maughan called it the Maiden
Way, and thought he traced it
northward from Bewcastle ; but
this is now discredited.

The next step in the history of
Bewcastle takes us to the cross. I
call it a cross, and not an obelisk or
pinnacle, because we know that it
once had a cross-head. As it now
stands, it is a square pillar of grey
freestone from the moors above the
valley; 14^ feet in height above
the pedestal, 21 by 22 inches
thick at the base, tapering to 13
by 14 inches at the top. But a
written note in a copy of Camden's
' Britannia N'in the Bodleian, records that a cross-head from ' Bucastle '
was sent ;to the writer from Lord William (i.e., Howard), the antiquarian
owner of Na worth castle, so that the head has been missing only since the
days of Queen Elizabeth. With it the cross would have been about 21
feet high from the base of the pedestal, a block weighing about six tons,
into which the cross was anciently fixed with lead. In 1891 some repairs
were done to the pedestal ; otherwise the cross is unrestored. It is said
that damage has been done at different times to the carving and the in-
scription, but the stone is extremely hard and the design is nearly perfect.
I fancy in olden days people would have gone round the cross with the
sun ; and taking the inscriptions in that order they seem to form the
best sequence. The east face would overlook the grave, on which the
visitor would have to tread if he was to read the writing, consequently it
has no inscription, but one continuous vine-scroll, with animals in the
branches — the ' fox that spoils the vines/ two squirrels, and two doves.
The south face has three symmetrical inter lacings and two panels of
foliage, the upper one having a dial worked into the design. This dial
is a semi- circle with hole for the gnomon now lost, and rays marking
twelve divisions between sunrise and sunset. It is certainly a part of the
original monument, and such dials at Kirkdale in east Yorkshire and

9 For description of this (see woodcut of it above), and of other Roman inscriptions
discovered at Bewcastle, some of which have been lost, see Lapid. Sept., pp. 378-380.

ROMAN ALTAR AT BEWCASTLE.

Proc. Soc. Antiq. Neivc. 3 ser. I.

To face page 220.

. ;•
I

THE BEWCASTLE CROSS.

1. The South Side ; from a photograph by Mr. J. P. Gibson of Hexham.

2. The West Side ; from a photograph by Mr. W. 8. Corder of North Shields

221

elsewhere are proved to be Anglo-Saxon by their inscriptions ; there is
no reason to suppose that people in the seventh century were ignorant
of this ancient contrivance for marking time.

There are Anglian Runes (i.e., the early forms of Runes, before the
Scandinavian period) on separate lines between the ornamental panels ;
they have been read —
(? LICE..)

ECGFRiThu Of Ecgfrith

RICES Th^ES of this realm

CYNINGES king (brother of Alcfrith, )

+ FRUMAN GEAR + in the first year.

On the head now lost there seem to have been the words

RICHES DRYHTN^ES Of the mighty king,

which may have stood at the head of this inscription on the south face.
On the west face are three panels with figures ; at the top St. John the
Baptist carrying the Lamb of God ; in the middle Christ standing on the
heads of swine, a fine figure in long robes, carrying in His left hand a
scroll, the Book of Remembrance, and raising His right hand in blessing ;
His head is youthful and slightly bearded, unlike the ordinary medieval
type of the suffering Redeemer. Below is the figure of a man in a tunic
and hood, carrying a stick or spear and lifting a hawk from its perch. It
is a naturalistic figure, evidently meant for a portrait of some contem-
porary, probably the person to whom the monument was set up, who is
said in the inscription to have been king Alchfrith. It cannot represent
St. John the Evangelist with the eagle, who would have been dressed in
flowing robes and posed in some such dignified way as St. John the-
Baptist above. The theory that only Scriptural or symbolic subjects
were represented on these monuments is disproved by many stones, and
the custom of portraiture on Christian tombs was common in all ages.
On the west side, over the figure of Christ, one can easily read
+ GESSUS Jesus

CRISTTTJS Christ

On the panel below the figure of Christ is a long inscription. The
reading, as made out by Maughan, is —

+ This SIG-BECN This victory-column

ThuN SETTON H- tall set up

WJETRED woTh- Hwaetred, Woth-

GAR OLWFWOL- gar, Olwfwol-

Thu AFT ALCFRI- thu, for Alcfrith

Thu BAN CYNING late king

EAC OSWIUNG and son of Oswiu

+ GEBID HE- Pray for (? the high

o SIN(N)A SOWHULA sin of ?) his soul.

Wilhelm Vietor of Marburg, a recent German authority who has studied
this subject, thinks that the name Hwaetred, part of the Wothgar and
the word for king are distinctly readable ; while he is inclined to accept
the name of Alcfrith and the word for son of Oswiu. In the last two
lines he sees a version of the usual formula, Pray for his soul. 'Nothing,'
he says, ' seems to prevent our seeing in the Cyniburug, which is certain,
and in the Alcfrithu, which is probable, the daughter of Penda of Mercia
and her husband, son of Oswiu of Northumbria.' On the north face are
two panels of symmetrical interlacing ; two of foliage and fruits, the
conventional vine-scroll ; and a central panel of chequers, which,
though they have been taken as indicating a late date, are seen also in
slightly different pattern on the cross at Irton and other pre-Norman

222

monuments. The Runes are on separate lines between the ornamenta 1
panels :

+ GESSTJS -f Jesus.

WULFHERE Wulfhere,

MYRCNACYNG King of the Mercians.

CYNESwrrhA Cyneswitha (his sister).

CYNIBURUG Cyneburg (their sister), wife of Alcfrith.

Now, is this a genuine monument of the year 671, the first year of
king Ecgfrith ? Are these runes the oldest dated writing of our English
language ? Can we take these carvings to be the very earliest efforts of
English art ? Irish antiquaries have claimed that our old interlacing
ornament was taught us by the Irish ; continental critics hold that we
got the scroll-patterns from Charlemagne's empire ; both parties trying
to assign a late date to this cross, on the pre- conception that England is
a Nazareth out of which no good thing can come. Herr Victor is a
philologist, and bases his criticism on the wording and spelling of the
Runes ; but he has looked into the matter from all sides ; and his book
published in 1895 on the Runic stones of Northumbria must carry
weight. I translate the conclusion to that book as follows : — The
question remains, — to what period do the Runic stones of Northumbria
belong ? The only monument which can be dated by the external
evidence of its inscription is the pillar of Bewcastle. Alcfrithu (Alhfrid)
king of Deira, the son of Oswiu of Northumbria and husband of Cyni-
burug (Cyneburg) of Mercia, friend of Wilfrid, bishop of York, dis-
appeared out of history in 664 or 665. Stephens and others think,
therefore, that his monument must have been erected towards 670 or, at
any rate, not much later. The language of the inscription is in accord
with this supposition ; especially the ' i ' of Cyni and the form ' frithu '
as second member of a compound name : there is nothing actually
occurring in the forms that would contradict the supposition. With
regard to the sculpture — a point I mention with all the diffidence of a
layman — it is not the Irish 10 interlacing that has aroused doubts, but the
foliage of the north, south, and especially east sides, the latter with
animals inserted. Sophus Muller (Aarb. /. Nord. Oldk. og Hist. 1880,
p. 338 et seq.) saw in it a reference to the Carlovingian ornament of the
tenth and eleventh centuries ; and the patterns in Westwood's Fac-
similes of Anglo-Saxon and Irish Miniatures, which agree best with these
of the east side are from MSS. attributed to the tenth century, the so-
called Lambeth Aldhelm and the great Boulogne Psalter. n But there
are analogies to it not only in the Vespasian or St. Augustine's Psalter
(eighth and 9th century) the Codex Aureus (eighth century) and
especially in the so-called Biblia Gregoriana (eighth century) but also in
the ivory carving of the episcopal throne of Maximian in San Vitale,
Ravenna (middle of the sixth century), which connects with Byzantine
art in Italy. Benedict Biscop and Wilfrid are well known to have
travelled forth and back between Northumbria and Rome from 650
onwards. It is a fact that Benedict in 675 or 676 had to bring masons

10 The word 'Irish' begs the question. My view is that the Irish interlacing was
copied from the English, not vice versa.

il These miniatures are not quite fairly compared with the Cross. The plate from the
Lambeth Aldhelm, referred to, differs from the Bewcastle scroll in having conventional
terminations to the stalks, treated quite differently and certainly later in art-develop-
ment. The Boulogne Psalter scroll and animal work also has no leaves or fruit ; it is a
long stage towards decadence from the Bewcastle ornament. Other motives in the
Boulogne Psalter, such as the big ribbed leaf ending in a scroll, are absent at Bewcastle.
The Boulogne figures are grotesque and disproportioned, compared with the Bewcastle
figures : the plait work less symmetrical and more interrupted.

223

(ccementarios) from France to build his Romanesque stone church,
while he obtained the church plate and draperies from Rome (Bede,
Vita S. Bened. §5). From Rome, on his fifth journey to Italy in 678, he
brought not only a countless quantity of books of all sorts and other
things, but also pictures of the Madonna, the Twelve Apostles, the
Gospel history, and the book of Revelation (Ibid. §6). .

He then discusses the Ruthwell inscription and Mr. Albert Cook's
views as to its late date ; concluding that nothing in the language makes
it later than 750, while its obvious resemblance to the Bewcastle cross
points to a similar origin, though not perhaps quite the same period.
He suggests that it might have been created by Aldfrid the Learned
(685-725) in memory of Ecgfrid. He assigns to the eighth century —
the Falstone hogback, Lancaster Cynibalth cross, shafts at Thornhill
and Collingham and Monkwearmcuth, and the Hartlepool slabs, and

PRE-CONQUEST GRAVE SLABS, HARTLEPOOL.

other Northumbrian stones with Anglian Runes.

You see, then, that a recent authority, with full knowledge of modern
doubts, gives his vote for the early date. To this I should like to add
one or two remarks based on the closer study of our pre-Norman
sculptures. If this cross was carved in the tenth century, it was carved
at a time when all this country was in the hands of Norse and Danish
settlers. There are places where the earlier Anglian motives of orna-
ment no doubt survived or were copied from fine monuments of a
previous age still admired by the newcomers. But these are always
inferior in execution. There is a good example at Pickhill in Yorkshire,
where you can see the motive of an earlier cross imitated in one obviously
of Viking-age date, rudely executed like the work we find with figure-
subjects and ornaments which we can certainly assign to the tenth and
eleventh centuries. The Halton cross, too, is a palpable imitation of
this at Bewcastle, or some such model ; but its reliefs and ornaments
make us certain that it is late, perhaps of the middle of the eleventh

224

century. Such survivals and imitations — harking back to earlier styles
— are common in the history of art ; but they do not affect the general
course of artistic developments.

Now in the Viking age (tenth and earlier eleventh centuries) the
Celticised Norse and Danes had their own style, and the best and
richest monuments are distinctly Irish Scandinavian. The Gosforth
cross, with its Edda subjects and fierce dragonesque ornament, is a
good type. A patron of the year 1000 in Cumberland would have asked
the sculptor to produce something like the Gosforth cross ; these vine
tendrils and flowing draperies would have been insipid to him ; he
would have wanted snakes, writhing and biting with the strong action
which was characteristic of the period. All the art of this Bewcastle
cross speaks of the dignity and high ideal which is reflected in Bede and
the history of Anglian Christianity in its brightest age. It is impossible
to* believe that the North Cumberland people of the tenth century, as we
know them, carved this cross.

Is it, then, Carlovingian, and of the ninth century ? There are
motives in it which recall Carlovingian ornament, but where did that
ornament originate ? Is it proved that it arose in the rough Franks and
Germans of Charlemagne's empire, for whose education the great
emperor sent to England, to Northumbria, for teachers ? Alcuin was
an Angle, and with Alcuin there went to Charlemagne's court the
culture that produced Carlovingian art. I think it is more probable
that Northumbria taught these patterns to the Carlovingian artists
than that they first introduced them here. Is it Irish ? In what Irish
work can one find figures drawn, proportioned and draped like these ? —
or floral ornament at all resembling this ? Any Irish-taught workman
of the ninth century would have produced short thick-set grotesques for
his saints and dragons instead of grape-clusters. I cannot at present
see that we can refer this cross to any age except that of St. Wilfrid or
to any other artists but Englishmen. The idea that Italian carvers may
have designed or wrought the work is untenable. Any Italian would
have known how to draw a vine-leaf ; but the Bewcastle carvers did not
though we see that they tried to represent the vine patterns which they
had heard of — and perhaps had seen in sketches, as the proper subject
for a Christian tomb. It is our oldest English writing, our oldest
English art, and the parent of all the Irish, Scottish, Scandinavian and
Carlovingian styles, which in my way of thinking derive from it.

But still, how could the English of the seventh century make so great
a work ? It seems tD me very simple. Great art is produced when there
is great mental stimulus ; when fresh ideas work strongly in receptive
minds. That the English of Cuthbert's and Bede's time were receptive
and active needs no proof ; that they had strong stimulus from abroad
we know • there was a Renaissance only comparable to that of the
fifteen century, or to the sudden burst of energy in modern Japan ;
anything was possible to them. To pick up a hint from Italy, to add
another from old tradition, to evolve a new style, was just what we
should expect. To sink gradually from that burst of nascent power
into the slow decline of the minor monuments of Northern England is
precisely what we should infer from the analogy of all art, and from the
history of the long peace of Northumbria. But the later failings of the
Anglo-Saxon age ought not to blind us to the brilliance of its meridian,
or to make us assume that because, centuries later, the Northmen and
Normans conquered, these newly Christianised English were not in their
prime the finest race under the sun, and capable of being, in art, as they
were in letters, the teachers of the world.

225

I said that the people of these parts in the tenth and eleventh cen-
turies were Irish-Scandinavians, i.e. descendants of Vikings who had
settled in Ireland and Scotland, and got much of their culture from
Celtic sources. When they emerge into definite history we see this in
their names, in close analogy to others of the same stock in Cumberland,
Scotland, and Iceland. The name of Bewcastle comes from Bueth,
Gaelic Buidh, modern Boyd, i.e. ' yellow-haired.' One Bueth was a
great landholder hereabouts at the end of the eleventh and the opening
of the twelfth century. The Lanercost Register mentions two places in
Gilsland, Buetholme and Buethby, the latter obviously Bueth' s home-
stead, with a Norse termination. That is where he probably lived as a
farmer and chieftain. His son Gilles (Giolla-iosa, 'servant of Jesus' in
Gaelic) was lord of Gilsland, and seems to have given his name to his
estate. The Normans called him Gilbert us f. Boet, and he is otherwise
known as Gilles Bueth (i.e. Buethson). His name appears as a witness
to an inquisition as to lands of Glasgow church in 1120-21. His son, as
I take it, was Bueth-barn (i.e. ' childe,' junior) who gave land in Bew-
castle to Wetherhal priory, a grant confirmed by his son Robert about
1177-8. It is he who is first connected with Bewcastle, and he probably
built the original fortress which was called by his name. It could not
have been built much earlier than his period, or it would not have been
called ' castle ' but ' burg.' If the cross had been erected about the
year 1000 we should expect traces of a church and inhabited site there
in the place names, but, on the contrary, the evidence tends to show
that this spot was of no importance during the tenth and eleventh
centuries. In the middle of the twelfth it became Bewcastle, or
Buchastre and Buchcastre (error for Buthcastre), as it is spelt hi the late
copy of the deed of 1177. Robert of Bewcastle joined William the Lion
(1173-4) and was fined (in 1177) one mark for this act of rebellion. He
had two sisters, Eda and Sigrid (the latter a distinctly Norse name), one
of whom married Robert, son of Asketill (another Norse name, showing
the Gallgael character of the family). The two Roberts joined in a grant
to Lanercost, and Robert of Bewcastle is said by Dr. Todd to have given
the church of Bewcastle to Carlisle priory about 1200 ; this is doubtful.
It is probable that there was a church adjoining the castle by this time ;
though neither were the structures we now see.

Chancellor Ferguson's suggestion that William Rufus built this castle
as a pendant to Carlisle castle is hardly convincing. Bueth's original
fortress was just the stockaded stronghold of a chieftain. Maughan
described the present ruins as about 87 feet square, partly constructed
from the stones of the Roman camp, and surrounded by a great ditch.
The S. W. walls are nearly of their original height, about 42 feet. In the
S. side are two windows, two fire-places near the top, and joist holes,
showing the floors of the lean-to rooms. The entrance has been on the
west side through a small square tower, supposed to be a late addition ;
it had two doors with the usual bar-holes, and a portcullis to the inner
door. The outer door was also protected by a gallery in the wall,
reached by a narrow staircase, with two loopholes on the side of the
tower opposite the entrance. All this suggests a quite late building,
meant merely as a border fortress, not as a great lord's residence ; and,
indeed, it was never a place of high importance. In 1279 John Swin-
burne the owner (after some generations of Multons, who seemed to
have obtained the place by inheritance from the family of Bueth)
obtained permission for a market and a fair, and in 1291-2 the church-
living was valued at 19Z. But any rising population must have been
swept away soon after by the great invasion of 1298 and subsequent
raids ; so that in 1318 there was no income to support a chaplain.

226

Throughout the fourteenth century there were rectors, probably non-
resident ; but the Early English east window of the church shows that
the Scots had not entirely obliterated the building of the Swinburn.es
in Bewcastle's short prosperity, though for 200 years (1380-1580) there
were no rectors, and Camden found the church ' almost quite ruinated.'

Meanwhile the castle was built, and under Henry VI LT. and Elizabeth
held by Jack Musgrave, governor of Bewcastle, called ' Knight ' on the
tombstone of his daughter at Hojrne Cultram. In 1582 and 1586
Thomas Musgrave was deputy- warden of Bewcastle. Camden speaks
of it as a castle of the king's and defended by a small garrison. James I.
gave it to Francis earl of Cumberland for a 40 years' term, and Sir
Richard Graham held it of the crown under Charles I. It was finally
ruined in 1 641 by the parliamentary forces and the garrison of 100 men
removed to Carlisle. The local st^ry is that Oliver Cromwell planted
his caiuv.n en the farther bank of the beck, and smashed both the
castle and the cross ; as he is said to have smashed Calder abbey from
the earthworks at Infell. Before this, however, the church was testo^ed.
In 1546 the living was worth 21. in pea( e, bu- nothing in war-time. The
rectors re-commence with Thomas Aglionby, who died in 1580 ; the
chalice and paten are dated 1631-2.12 In 1665 the registers (at Carlisle)
begin. Bishop Nicolson in 1703 found a very poor little church, but a
new parsonage, and in 1704 he described the living as worth 60Z. In 1792
the long low church was shortened by six yards, and a tower built,
galleries erected inside, and the old windows cut down. The walls and
buttresses, the credence table in the north wall, and the piscina and
aumbry near the east wall, and two sculptured heads on either side of
the east window were left. A hundred years later the fabric was greatly
out of repair, damp and unsightly. There was no vestry and the
heating was insufficient. I climbed into the roof with Mr. Walker, and
we found the deal timbers so rotten that it was a wonder they had not
fallen. In spite of a strong desire to preserve the quaintness of the
place, it was obvious that the roof must come off, and the three-decker
must come down. Mr. Curwen, one of the secretaries of the Cumber-
land society, was asked to act as architect to the restoration ; it was
no easy task, but he gave much time and pains freely. Mr. Walker and
the churchwardens succeeded in raising the necessary funds. Looking
round on these desolate moors and scattered farms, you may well wonder
how they did it. But in three years the work was accomplished, and
the present church was opened on Sunday, November 3, 1901. I
suppose that cross has watched all these transitory doings for nearly
1234 years.'

The Rev. Canon Rawnsley, vicar of Crosthwaite, in proposing a vote
of thanks to Mr. Collingwood, called attention to the fact that on the
cross the birds and beasts were at rest. It was not till a later period
that the man with the bow and ar**ow was introduced, having war in
his heart against the tender creatures that were carved upon the Crosses
as giving praise to the Lord. He said that apart from the fact that this
cross of Bewcastle gave us the earliest known beginning of Anglian

12 The communion cup, which is 7^ feet high and 3£ feet diameter at mouth, bears
three hall-marks, one of them a fleur-de-lis and a leopard's head dimidiated, for York :
on its side is the inscription ' Bewcastle, 1030.' There was formerly at Bewcastle a
little chapel dedicated to the Virgin ; the present church bears the name of St. Cuthbert.
The church of Bewcastle, with other churches, by a verdict of a jury of the West March,
on 3<)th April 1597, was presented as having ' been decayed by the space of three score
yeares & more,' but they ' certainly knowe not the patrons of the sayd churches, neither
who ought to buyld the same, and the church of Lanerdcost ys nowe also in decaye, &
haith so bene for the space of two or three years past, but by whome the same ought to
be repaired we knowe not.' — Cal- of Border Papers, n.

i I

w I
" ^
p <

5 I
o I

228

literature, the fact of the men it commemorated being the heroes of the
stormy times in which Northumbrian Christianity was born, made it
incumbent on all who cared for national history to see that this beacon
sign was preserved. He had had talks with the keeper of the art
treasures at South Kensington who had assured him that the authorities
there were anxious to have a cast made of this great Bewcastle cross,
and had been assured that by a process of gelatine moulding a cast could
be made without the chance of a:iy harm to tbe cross. He believed
that if the joint societies o* Newcastle and Cumberland and Westmor-
land favoured the idea it might, with proper sanction of local authorities,
be carried out, and replicas obtained for both Carlisle and Newcastle
museums.

The vote of thanks was carried by acclamation.

GRAVE-COVERS IN
BEWCASTLE CHURCHYARD.

(5 feet and 3 feet long respectively.)

Leaning against the west side of the tower are one or two medieval
grave covers. Two of them are shown in the above illustrations.

229

The following are a few extracts, chiefly from the Calendar of Bordet
Papers, relating to Bewcastle : —

On 29 July, 1549, John Musgrave in a letter from Bewcastle informed
the earl of Rutland that he had sent all the men under his rule who were
in Thomas Carell's garrison save one, who lay sick whom he delivered to
the lord warden (lord Dacre) in Carlisle.2

On 28 May, 1580, 40 light horsemen from Bewcastle, furnished with
horse, ' steil coit or jack, speare and steil capp, fit for service uppon the
Borders,' attended the muster, while in 1585 only four attended.

In 1580 among the castles and fortresses upon the borders needing
repair, were ' Beaucastle, 3 miles from Scotland, a place of great
strength,' and Askerton tower and Na worth castle.

At the muster of Eskdale ward, on 8 and 9 February, 1580-1, the
inhabitants within Bewcastle, though warned to attend, did not come,
and so were not mustered. In a letter of 2 August, 1581, of Scrope to
Burghley, he gives a list of ' thattemplates comytted by the Lyddes-
daills Scotishemen within thoffice of Bewcastle,' etc., since the previous
Easter. Amongst them * thArmstranges of the Calfhills and Kynmont
sonnes with their complices,' 60 in all, took ' xij old oxen, x old kye, and
all thinsight of his howse ' from Jeffraie Sowrebie, on 28 March of that
year; and 'thEllotes and their complices' 100 men and above, took
' xltle old kye, xxtie old oxen,' from ' Sir Symond Musgrave knight,
capten of Bewcastle,' ' and the taking of Thomas Rowtledg of Tod-
holles Englisheman prisoner, and his horse.' At the muster of light
horsemen furnished with horses and ' jackes, steilcappes, swordes and
speare,' on 25 April, 1583. ' Beaucastell, belonginge to her Majestie,
and under the chardge of Sir Symonde Musgrave knight, constable
their, were mustred by John Musgrave and Marmaduke Staveley, and
by them informed to the Lorde Scroppe for to kepe fowreskore and twolf
light horsemen. Wherof , at this present are furnished xxxvj , and xxvij
decayed by reason of the foodes, great hardshippes, and spoiles that they
have susteyned by the Lyddisdails, and the resydewe being in nombre
xxviij unfurnished, withowt having any cawse to alledg for their decaie

the tenantes for the most part are so ympoverished as they are

not hable to bye horses and furnyture, by reason of their manyfold
hereshippes. '

In ' Rules ' of June, 1583, for the defence of the borders, Beaucastle is
mentioned as the third place of defence next unto the Mote which hath
been and should be the chief and only defence of that borders ; ' but
that yt is now allmoste broughte to ruyn,' by reason that the chiefest
and ablest borderers and tenants have been harried and slam by the
Scottish thieves of Liddesdale. It is suggested that 100 or more of Her
Majesty's soldiers from Berwick should lie there.

In a letter of 20 June, 1583, Scrope writes to Walsingham that he
had received letters by Rowland Routledge and others of Bewcastle,
from the privy council concerning their complaint against the Scotch,
for redress, and had written to Mr. Bowes, her Majesty's ' agent ' in
Scotland, for help to these poor oppressed men. He had arranged a
meeting for July next, when he hoped for some remedy. In July, 1583,
Lord Scrope desired to know if he might apprehend some of the Liddes-
dales and Kinmont, his sons and complices, notorious offenders. In a
letter of 3 July, 1583, of Scrope to Walsingham, he said that he had
had a meeting with Cesford, and had demanded of him redress for the
' body lie hurtes, woundes, and mutulacion of hir Majesties subjectes '

2 Riitland Papery, I, 41.

230

of Bewcastle, Gilsland, etc. This Cesford would not agree to except
for goods and gear so they parted for the day ' he to the Armitadge in
Scotlande, and I to Bewcastle.' In September, 1583, it was stated that
it was necessary to place 50 horsemen and 50 footmen at Bewcastle for
the strengthening of the march. On the 28 September, Scrope in a
letter to Walsingham informed him that there were nightly raids in
Bewcastle. On I December, 1583, the borderers dwelling in Bewcastle
petitioned Walsingham for some consideration for them their 'wyf , barnes
and neigbours ' who were ' beggered and utterly cast awaie,' as 150
Scots had 'rade a forrowe,' and had driven awayjfoure score hede of
cattell, and lulled Allan Routlage our poore brother.'

About the end of 1583, 'a very remarkable document was drawn up,
expressly for Burghley's information, by Thomas Musgrave, deputy-
captain of Bewcastle. He gives an account of the origin of the Grames
of Esk, and their alliances, and also remarks on the evil consequences
of the ii ter- marriages between the English and Scottish marchmer,
their deadly feuds, and the difficulty in bringing thorn to justice, for
fear of bloody revenge.'3

In October, 1585, there were several raids on the West Marches by
Liddesdale men, many cattle being taken from Bewcastledale and men
seriously injured. In a letter of about the end of 1583 Thomas Mus-
grave gives Burghley a list of Border riders, including those in Bew-
castle, of whom the Fosters inhabit uttermost, the Rutliges next them,
and the Nixons next them, and next the howse of Bewcastell the
Nobles and others.' At muster3 of the Borders there were in Bewcastle
in 1580, 40 horsemen ; in 1583, 36 ; and in 1584, 50. On 2 May,
1586, Scrope informed Walsingham that ' having written earnestly
to Sir Symon Musgrave, to appoint a fit deputy at Beucastell,' he
had assigned that office for a time to his son Richard Musgrave ' of
whose good discretion and sufficiency ' he was satisfied, and since he
entered that place the district was in very good order. On 5 June he
stated he had received Walsingham' s letter of the 30 May, and
promised to write more fully 'as to Thomas Musgrave and stay of
entrance to the office of Bewcastell.' On the 12th he writes that before
Walsingham' s letter reached him to stay Thomas Musgrave' s appoint-
ment his father had placed him there and his brother had departed.
On the 16th Sir Simon Musgrave wrote to the Council that he had
stayed his ' son Thomas Musgrave from executing the office of Beaw-
castle till your farther pleasure,' he begs to be informed with convenient
speed ' for the often alteracion and chaunge of officers makes the
people, beinge rude by nature, to be very untowarde and out of pro-
vision of suche furniture as they are* bounde by the tenor of their
laundes to have in redines.' He then complains that his charges had
been more than his revenue, mentions an agreement with the Graymes,
and continues ' Butt for my sonne Thomas, yf yt will please your
lordships to accepte of hym as officer there, 1 will pawne botli my
credytt and livinge for hym, that he shall serve that place as sufficiently
. . . .and be as diligentt. . . .as any officer ther this many yeares. . . .1
have bene officer ther this xxxli yeares .... No we lam olde and woulde
be at som staye.'

On 27 November, 1588, a complaint is made that in October, 1587,
the laird of Buccleugh ' ran a day foray and reft from the captain of
Bewcastle,' and others, 200 kye and oxen, 300 sheep and ' gait '; and on
the date of the complaint, Buccleugh, and others, to the number of 120
horsemen, k arrayed with jackes, steilcapps, speares, gunis, lancestalfes,

3 Cal. of Border Papers, i, 24, 32, 42, 6'J, ?0, 99t 100, 102-4, 107, 110, 117, 8, xl, 120-7.

231

and'dagges, swordes and daggers,' took 40 kye and oxen, besides ' horse
and meares,' from captain Steven Ellies, and others, and slew Mr.
Rowden and others.

The charge of the captain of Bewcastle, in March, 1592, was ' onlie
the safetie within him self, neither is he troubled to follow fraye with
others, except the fraye come to him, not to defend any, but that none
enter'through his charge out of Liddesdale.' At the same time, Fosters,
Crosers, and Nixsons were the surnames in Bewcastle, ' but sore decaied.'
Sir Symon Musgrave and his son Thomas are given as ' Captaine of
Bewcastle.'4

On 17 November, 1595, Sir William Bowes, in a letter to Burghley,
conceiving by his speech that the queen piarposed to employ another in
Bewcastle, if she by his means please ' to grace mee with this note of
hir favour ' by placing him there with the good opinion of the lord
wardens, and his experience, might produce effects to her majesty's
liking, and to the benefit of both countries.

In 1596 in ' a note of such slauchteris, stouthis, refis and oppin
oppressionis as have been committed be England upown the Wast
Merch and Mi dill Merche,' many raids are recorded, amongst them
being that of the captain of Bewcastle with 500 men of the Middle and
West Wardenry, who came 6 or 7 miles within Scots ground and carried
off 300 kye and oxen and 24 score sheep.5

On 6 March of the same year the Musgraves, by the command of lord
Scrope, the lord warden of the West Marches, gave a report of their
taking of Kinmont Willie, who was sheltering in the house of Peter of
the Harlaw, who made use of the cry ' a Harlaw, a Harlaw.' They
say that Blacklock was ' taken away out of the office of Bewcastle.'6
On 9 September of the same year, Thomas Musgrave wrote to the
Privy Council, that upon the return of the poormen of Bewcastle from
the Council he had received his letter that if no justice could be had
otherwise he might recover the worth of their goods as he could, whereon,
with his kinsmen and friends, he took from John Armstrong of the
Hollers ' the leder of ther incurcions, somme vj or vij scor of cattill,'
and made restitution to the poor men.

In West March bills against Scotland of 28 April, 1597, is one of the
captain of Bewcastle against John of Langham, Will Kynmont. and
others, for 24 horses and mares, himself prisoner and ransomed to 200?.
and 16 other prisoners and slaughter. ' Foule by confession,' and
referred to the commissioners for ' tryall of the trodd,' 4001.

In 1597 the bishop of Durham writes that the Carletons, especially
Thomas and Anthony ' are entered into a deepe and dangerous course,'
if the reports to lord Scrope are true. The Grahams are a great sur-
name of half broken men ' not so able to serve us as they have been,'
yet not to be lost if they can be kept in reasonable terms till the frontier
is revived and better settled. It were dangerous if this '
but wanted their help, more dangerous if they joined the enemy against
Gilsland and Bewcastle.

In answer to enquiries as to what gentlemen were fit for the land
sergeantry of Gilsland and what belongs to keeping Bewcastle, Alex-
ander King, on 10 October, 1598, writes that for Bewcastle her Majesty
granted to Sir Simon Musgrave knight, and Thomas his son, for the term
of their lives, Plumpton Park, etc., and also as * belonging to the office of
captain of Bewcastle, all the rentes demesne lands, and tithes of Bew-
castle,' worth more than 100Z. a year.7

•i Cal. of Border Papers, i, 224, 226, 7, 334, 393-5. 5 Ibid., II.

6 Cecil Papers, vi, 84. 7 Cal. of Border Papers, n.

232

r On 13 May, 1599, there was a fray at Bewcastle, of which the following
is the interesting account : — Upon Sunday, 13 May, Mr Rydley and
his friends, hearing that certain Scotsmen to the number of 12, were
to come to a tryst in the West March of England, he having had
friends ' murdered do\vne bye the sayd Scotesmen,' took his friends
and men with him to the number of 40, and thought to apprehend
them on English ground. But the Scots, having intelligence of his
design, came 200 strong and more, 3 or 4 miles into England, ' and
ther did most ere welly murder Mr William Rydley of Willimontswyk,
with two other of his frendes, and wounding John Whitfeild, hir
Majestes officer soe grevously, which we think it unpossable he should
leave ; and did tayk to the nomber of xxvj men and xxxij horsses
with all their spoyle and furniter. And we, whose names ar under-
writen, being of the feld, will witness this to be a troth, as is her
sartified.' Signed: John Whitfeild, Frauncis Whitfeild,8 James Rydlie
of the Waltoune, Uswalde Rydlie of the same, H^w Rydlie of
Plenmeller, Nicholas Rydley of the Hardridinge, Christofer Rydlev of
Unthanke, Thomas Rydley of Milkredge, John Rydley of Henshaughe,
Nicholas Snawdon of Plenmeller, Marmaduke Rydley sonne the foresayd
William Rydley. ' Whilst the chase lasted and the Scottes taking
prisoners on every hand, there came rydinge upp unto me one Quinton
Whytehede servant to the capten of Bewcastle, and bad me be taken
with him and he should save my lyfe, so as I yealded unto him ; which
so sone as he had me oute of the company, would nedes have spoyled
me of horse and sutch furniture as I had about me — for savinge wherof
I must eyther promisse to pay him a ransome, or ells be carryed away
into Scotland ; but having no lyking of Scotland, I agreed to pay him
xxxxs. upon Midsomer eve next cominge, which I must eyther do
though comand to the contrary by the authority, or otherwyse be sure
of ane evell turn to my utter undoing, and this is the treuth of my
takinge.' Signed : John Kell, his mark. On the eighteenth of the same
month, Henry Woodrington gives the following account of the same
to Sir R. Carey : — « In my last letter I wrote what I knew of Mr.
Rydley's death, but this now is the truth as follows. Mr. Rydley,
knowing the continual haunt and recept the great thievis & arch
murderers of Scotland, especially them of Whythaugh had with
the captain of Bewcastle, went about by some means to catch
them in English ground, to avoid offence by entering Scotland,
& hearing that there was « a football playing & after that a
drynkyng hard at Bewcastle house,' betwixt 6 of those Armstrongs
and 6 of Bewcastle, he assembled his friends and lay in wait for
them. But the Scots having secret intelligence, suddenly came on
them, and have cut Mr Rydley and Mr Nychol Witton's throats,
slain one Robson tenant of her Majesty's, and taken 30 prisoners, mostly
her tenants, except Francis Whytfield — and many sore hurt, especially
John Whytfield, ' wose bowilis came out, but are sowed up agayne &
is thought shall hardly escape, but as yet liveth.' The surname and
friends of Elwood and Armstrong that were pledges af York were all in
this action, where they had no cause of quarrel but only wantonnese.
I leave further consideration to your Lordship, and desire to hear her
Majesty's pleasure for redress of this outrageous murder, which tho' not
done within your march, as the gentlemen slain and taken were under
your charge, it may please her to impose hearing on you. Your lordship
commanded me to muster this country, but such is the overthrow of

8 The remainder sign by their marks

233

South Tyne by this affair, they have neither men nor horse, the men no
daring while their friends are prisoners, and the horse which were out,
wholly lost to the number of 50. I hope you will let Thomas Musgrave's
services be known, his son-in-law dwelling in the house with him, being
the only slayer of Mr. Rydley, this fact done in his office, his daily
conversation and inclination to those people, and himself made the
match with Robyn Elwood, and some which escaped the Scots, taken
and ransomed by his men.'9

Lord William Howard, in 1615, thought that Bewcastle and other
places might be ' governed by Justices as well as the inner partes, yf
officers do their duties, and be annswerable for the Landholders under
their charge, and the Landholders for their under-tennants, hindes and
servaunts.' In February, 1617-8, stolen cattle were traced to the house
of John Routledg of Crookeburne, bailiff of Bewcastle, ' a comon drover
of catell into the sowth.' At the same time, Patrick Story and Peele of
the hill, were charged for ' stealing, receiting and owt putting, surpassing
all the theevesof Bewcastle.' In 1618 Edward Musgrave of the Trough
was banished into Ireland. ' Hee is suspected by the Parson of Bew-
castle to be one of those that brake his howse, and is also hardly
thought of by diverse of his neighbours.' On 15 October, 1640, there was
' receaved of James Jenninges for jeast cattle upon the waistes [of Bew-
castle] this last summer xlvfo'. xis. viijd.'10

LANERCOST AND NAWORTK.

S. MARYS PRIORY LANERCOS^

CUMBERLAND:
PLAN OF EXISTING REMAINS.

On leaving Bewcastle, the party was driven across the wild moors of
Wintershields and Askerton, in ajstorm of blinding rain to Lanercost,

9 Cal. of Border Papers, ir.
10 Howard Household Books, 419, 438, 440, 443, 348.

234

where they were met and welcomed by the vicar, who gave a short and
interesting account of the priory, pointing out the progression in the
architecture from the plainness of the eastern end to the finished beauty
and proportion of the western front. The plan of the church is given
on page 233.

The fine tomb of Humphrey Dacre and Mabel Parr, on the north
side of the choir, and that of Thomas, 'ord Dacre, K.G., and Elizabeth
de Greystock, on the south side of the choir, were pointed out. The
vault under the latter tomb, which formerly contained ' the Great Lord
Warden of the Marches,' appears to have been rifled about 1775,
judging from the following advertisement in the Newcastle papers : —
' Whereas, some evil disposed person did, sometime this spring, enter
into the ruinous part of Lanercost Church or Priory, and did feloniously
take awav from out of a vault in the said Church, a lead coffin, which
contained the remains of Lord William [sic] Dacre, Knight of the Garter
A reward of Ten Guineas on conviction of the offenders. Naworth
Castle, 9th May, 1775.' In 1773-4 there were several bodies entire in
the vault. In 1879 there were no coffins, but only a few bones.

Mr. Nicholas Roscarrock, in a ^tter to Camden; wrote ' I also sende you
heere an inscription which my Lord [William Howard] founde out in a
Crosse in a greene before the Abbey-church of Lanner-coaste ; which
though yt be since the Conquest, yeat yt is (for the rarenesse) not to be
contemned.'1 The base of the cross and a email part of the shaft are
still on the ' greene before the Abbey-church,' but the main portion of
the shaft was taken possession of by some one in the seventeenth cen-
tury and after the upper portion of the ancient inscription had been
cut away, was made use of in a second-hand way, by a substituted
inscription to commemorate the burial of another person. It is now in
a recess in the north wall of the nave.

The rain having by this time somewhat aba, ted, the party was con-
veyed to Naworth, where members and friends were entertained to tea
in the great hall by the kind invitation of the Earl of Carlisle.

In the absence of Lord Carlisle, his daughter, Lady Dorothv Howard,
in welcoming the visitors, said it was a great regret to her father and
mother that they could not be present in person. She, however, in their
name, bade the party make free of the house, and invited them to
wander at will through the historic rooms. She also, in a few words,
gave the history of the castle, tracing it from the border pele, which
is the foundation of the Dacre tower, down through the large additions
made by tha Dacres and Lord William Howard, to its present beautiful
state — that of one of the most picturesque of England's great houses,
not the least important work being the harmonious blending of old
and new, in the addition of the Stanley tower in 1891 by Mr. C. J.
Ferguson.

A cordial vote of thanks was passed to Lord Carlisle and to Lady
Dorothy Howard, on the motion of Mr. T. H. Hodgson (chairman of
council of the Cumberland society), seconded by the Hon. and Rev.
W. Ellis, rector of Bothal, (a member of the Newcastle society), and
supported by the acclamation of the members of the two societies.

The party then proceeded to make a perambulation of the castle,
visiting the ancient tower of ' Belted Will.' the gallery, the library, music
room, and drawing room, and also the dungeon and the Dacre tower.

In the great hall are several suits of armour, amongst them

I Howard Household Books, 506.

§2

(x ^?

§ w

a §

235

that reputed to have belonged to lord William Howard. ^There
are also in the hall four heraldic beasts, rampant, holding banners,
the red bull and the griffin of the Dacres, and the dolphin of
the Greystokes; the family to which to assign the fourth has
not been made out. The arms of Howard impaling Dacre are on a
corbel in the oratory.2 In the same room is a chest ornamented
with the cross crosslets fitchy of the Howards, and the scallops of the

Dacres, both on a red ground ; on
its end is the Howard badge — a white
lion charged with a mullet for the
third son, ' clearly indicating Lord
William Howard as its first owner.'
The modern panelling of the room is
decorated with the Dacre badge of a
silver cord twined round an escallop
and a ragged staff, which commemorates
the marriage of Thomas de Dacre with
Philippa, daughter of Ralph Neville,
earl of Westmorland. This badge has
been copied from one of those on the
ancient panelling in one of the window
recesses in the room. The illustration
here given has been reproduced from a
drawing by the earl of Carlisle (see
these Proceedings, v, 30). The Dacre
escallops and the Greystoke rose-chap-
lets are on bosses in the recess in the
room, and on many of the bosses are
other badges, such as the griffin of
Dacre.3

Naworth Castle is described in 1580 as be.'ng in a dilapidated con-
dition. In a survey made in that year by order of the queen the account
of Naworth is : — ' This Castle is one other of the chefe and principal!
mansion-houses belonginge to the heires of the sayd late Lord Dacre. . . .
partly decayed, the repairinge whereof, with help of the woods there,
belonging to the Lord and owner of the same, is e .teamed to cu if the
same be repaired before any greater decay happen.'4

George Selwyn, in a letter, of 18 August, 1790, to lady Carlisle, writes

there is my letter to con over in an old castle [Naworth], which,

respectable as it is, has un air fort sombre, and wants to be enlivened by

some news from the south Give my compliments to as many

Dacres as now exist *S"^ en reste un rejetton de cette ancienne maison je le
respecterai comme un aristocrate.~>

There is an old prophecy that ' When a Bull shall toll Lanercost Bell,
and a Hare bring forth on Naworth's hearth-stone, Lanercost shall fall,
Naworth be burned down, and Dalstone Churche be washed away.'

2 Fee description of some early alabaster carvings, and an early painting in the
oratovy, iu the Transactions of the Cumberland and Westmorland Society ; vol. iv. 513,
«t seq. See The Household Books of Lord William Howard (68 Surt. Soc. publ.); also
' The Heraldry of Naworth and Lanercost,' by the late Chancellor Ferguson, in the same
Transactions, p. 496. See same volume, p. 486, for account of Naworth .Castle, by
Mr. C. J. Ferguson.

3 For notices of Lanercost and Naworth, see Arch, Ael,, N.S., iv, pp. 145-152 : and
Proceedings II, 219 and 228, where a description of the fragment of the cross shaft now
in the church, with its interesting inscription, is given by Prof. E, C. Clark.

* Hoioard Household Books, xxxiv.
5 Carlisle Papers, 685.

' A bull,' it is said, ' did toll the bell of Lanercost, and a hare has brought
forth on Na worth hearth-stone ; so the prophecy, which is still remem-
bered, has been "fulfilled/ for Lanercost is a ruin and Na worth Castle
has been destroyed by fire. ..' Dalston Church, however, still stands.'

GROUND FLOOB PLAN OF NAWOBTH CASTLE.

At six o'clock the party left for Na worth station well satisfied with the
delightful and instructive nature of the outing, the success of which
was ^chiefly due to Mr. Collingwood and Mr. T. H. Hodgson, members
of the Cumberland society going westwards, and those of the Newcastle
society eastwards.

G_Denham Tracts, I, 183

237

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES

OP NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE.

3 SEB., VOL. I. 1904. No. 26.

An afternoon meeting of the society was held on Thursday the 15th
September, 1904, at

TYNEMOUTH.

Members assembled at the Tynemouth railway station at 3-30 o'clock
and proceeded thence to Marine House, the residence of Mr. R. Coltman
Clephan, F.S.A., a vice-president of the society, on his kind invitation.
At four o'clock they partook of tea provided by Mr. and Mrs. Clephan.
There were about forty members and friends present, amongst them
being Mr. and Mrs. Turnbull of Rothbury ; Miss Lamb of Newton
Cottage, Chathill ; Mr. and Mrs. W. J. Gibson of Bedlington ; Mr.
Charles Hopper of Croft ; the Revd. C. E. Adamson of Westoe ; Mr.
E. A. and Miss Hedley, Mr. R. O. Heslop (one of the secretaries), Mr.
O. J. Charlton, Mr. and Mrs. C. H. Blair, all of Newcastle ; Messrs. T.
Matheson and J. Dowson of Morpeth ; Revd. E. J. Taylor, F.S.A., vicar
of Pelton ; Mr. T. and Miss Williamson, and Mr. and Mrs. J. R. Hogg, of
North Shields ; Mr. J. A. Irving of West Fell, Corbridge ; Mr. J. M.
Moore and Mr. R. Blair (one of the secretaries), and Misses Constance and
Gladys Blair, of Harton ; Miss Spence and the Rev. H. S. Hicks of Tyne-
mouth, &c.

After tea the party proceeded to the armoury where Mr. Clephan
read the following notes, illustrating his remarks by pointing out the
different pieces and their peculiarities : —

' I will endeavour to illustrate the armour period, from the middle of
the fifteenth century to the time when all but the helmet and cuirass
had ceased to be worn, as far as I can by the suits before you. There is
very little plate armour in existence, beyond helmets and fragments, up
to the date when the earliest of these suits was made ; but to give you
some idea of the fashion prevailing in our own island for a few centuries
before that time, I will preface my remarks on the armour here by a
short account of chain-mail ; and then briefly describe the evolution to
a complete covering of the body by steel plates.

' The subject of offensive weapons is one far too vast to be more than
touched upon this afternoon ; and I can do little more than briefly
point out the examples. It is at least doubtful if there was any chain-
mail worn in early medieval Europe, that is of rings interlinked, much
before the tenth century ; and space on this occasion will not admit of

238

even a summary of the arguments, for and against this probability.
Real chain-mail may be described as having every ring interlinked with
four surrounding rings. The size of the mesh varies greatly ; and the
links were soldered, welded, or butted together in the earlier times ;
later, as a rule, they were riveted. Chain armour certainly did not
become common before the twelfth century, when at its commence-
ment it is said that wire-drawing was invented at Nuremberg ; up to
that time it was probably worn only by the richer men-at-arms. It is
difficult to determine the character of ringed armour from early drawings
of any kind, for, besides being always conventional they are all more or
less fanciful and inaccurate in character. Probably, most of the body
armour up to the date of the Conquest, and even somewhat later,
consisted of iron rings sewn on to cloth of some kind ; besides other
substances or fabrics, such as cuir-bouilli (boiled leather) or quilted
stuffs without rings or scales ; all which defences were quite capable
of resisting an ordinary sword stroke. An effigy of the twelfth century,
that of Geoffrey de Mandeville, early in the reign of king Stephen, shows
the warrior armed completely in mail. Our sources cf information as
to armour generally, up to the reign of Stephen (1135-1154), consist
mainly of representations on tapestry, miniatures and seals ; but it is
first when effigies and brasses begin that we have the armour in detail
spread out before us. Many of the effigies, more especially of the
thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, are cross-legged ; and there is a
popular belief that the persons they represent had been either knights
templar or crusaders, but this is not the case. Inventories, wills and
illuminated MSS. have proved of great assistance in furnishing us with
the nomenclature for the various pieces, which were successively
devised as defences against improvements in offensive weapons or new
modes of attack. The fashion and cut of all body armour was always
greatly regulated by that of civil dress ; and a comparison between
them is a sure guide in the determination of the approximate date of
existing armour ; in fact, the form c f the doublet is followed throughout
with extreme fidelity, more especially so in the case of hoasting harness,
as armour for the field was called ; but this was not so observeable with
armour made for the tiltyard, which was designed to repel more
definite forms cf attack, subjected to strict rules and regulations, as well
as limitations. This fact is tempered somewhat in the armament of
different nationalities, as changes, which at that time usually had their
birth in Italy, took time to travel to countries less advanced in fashion
and refinement. Plate armour, in iron or cuir-bouitti, began to be
worn in Italy and Germany long before it appeared in Britain.
There if no mention >f it in England before tne reign of Henry III.
(1216-1272), oeyond the heaume and the plastron defer, the latter a
breast-plate of iron sometimes worn under the gambeson, but usually
between it and the hauberk. A. plastron ae fer is recorded as having
baen worn by kino; Richard I., when earl of Poitou, in a joust at the tilt
with William de Barres. Soon afterwards what is termed ' mixed
armour " began with plates of iron or cuir-bouilli ; these reinforce-
ments, supplying additional protection, were first applied to the knees
and elbows ; and the pieces were strapped on over the chain-mail.
Coudes for the elbows are seen, but rarely in the thirteenth century,
but knee-guards begin to appear towards the middle. Examples of
both pieces may be seen in Stothard. These plates, or pieces of boiled
leather, were simply roundels in the early stages. Greaves are not seen
in England before the end of the century. Soon, other protecting plates

239

followed for the shoulders and thighs ; and a combination of mail and
plate armour was in general use in England during the reign of Edward
il. (1307-1327), the stage of complete armour being reached in the first
quarter of the fifteenth century. The style, in Germany called ' Gothic,'
a term somewhat unsatisfactory, may be said to begin soon after. This is
by far the most shapely of all, and the armour was made to fit the body
closely ; and it is light, flexible, and impenetrable. The steel is of excel-
lent quality, and looks as if there is some admixture of silver. The form
is an adaptation from the Florentine costume of the period, the flirtings
in the metal representing the folds and creases of the dress. You see this
class of armour at its best in the monument to Sir Richard Beauchamp,
earl of Warwick, in St. Mary's church, Warwick ; the design for
which, I am convinced, came from Milan ; and almost certainly from
the hand of the celebrated armoursmith Antonio da Missaglia. The
earl died in 1439, but the contracts for the monument were not given
out before 1454 ; just about the time one would expect from the details
of the armour. Up to the commencement of the reign of Maximilian I.,
most of the fine armours were made at Milan; but, under the patronage
and actual superintendence of the emperor, Germany soon became a
formidable rival to Italy, and eventually turned out a larger quantity
than that country. The great majority of the fine suits handed down
to us, came from the great armour- making centres, such as Augsburg,
Nuremberg and Innsbruck, and in fact numbers of the suits preserved in
collections, classed as Italian until comparatively recently, have since
been proved to be of German make ; and this remark applies to enriched
suits as well as pialn. Gothic armour is greatly distinguished by its curved
flutings on a plain ground and scollopeded gings ; but many suits are
severely plain, and these are by no means the least beautiful. The helmet
is the salade ; and, instead of the later gorget proper, there is a chin
piece or mentonniere, the upper part of which later became incorpor-
ated in the armet. The cuirass is decorative, and there is usually a
placcate or second plate over the abdomen, sometimes two plates.
The tile-formed tuilles protect the thighs ; and the sollerets are usually,
though not invariably, acutely pointed, a la poulaine.

NO. 1. — 'GOTHIC' SUIT OF ABOUT 1470.

This suit is a fine representation of the style. The salade is shapely,
and of the true German form. It is worn at an angle, with a view to
protecting the back part of the neck ; and in order to bring the holes
cut for vision into line with the eyes, when the visor is down. The
crown-piece, formed like a bowl, is surmounted by a flat comb with
curved flutings on either side and ornamented with a narrow bordering,
sunk and inlaid. On each side are four holes, garnished with rosette
mounts of latten (a kind of fine brass) for hearing, and near the top
of the crown on either side, is a pair of similar holes, for passing
strings through for fastening the cap or lining inside the head-piece,
while a line of brass-headed rivets secures it along the bottom. The
visor moves on pins, with heads of four petals, secured by nuts on either
side, and when down it fastens with a spring catch. The tail piece is
in four laminated plates retreating to a point ; the first three being
narrow, and the lowest much deeper, all moving freely on brass-headed
rivets ; six flutings, converging at the tail-point, run from the base of
the crown-piece, while other flutings join them from the sides. Running
down the centre of the tail plates are three ornamental figures, formed

240

like pairs of horns. Traces of the original lining are still present inside
and a thin piping runs along the bottom of the helmet, \\eight, 7-£
pounds. The chin-piece or mentonniere is a restoration made lor the
purpose of this meeting, it is far from being a successful piece of work,
and affords an apt illustration of the difficulty of Imdmg any Jiingush
workman now-a-days competent to do such a piece of worn:, one so yasy
of accomplishment in the fifteenth century.

The breast-plate is ornamented with broad curved flutings i the gently
ridged placcate, hammered in curved outlines both along the top ana
bottom, is riveted to the breast plate, and rises to a point above its
centre. The back-plate is freely nuted and strengthened by two extra
plates ; while the garde-de-reins, over the kidneys and buttocks, is in
three broad plates, the tops of which are cut in curves corresponding
with the flutings on the piece. Roundels, of six segments, guard the weaK
places under the arms. There are two broad taces, and to the lower
are attached, by straps and buckles, the large obtusely-pointed tuilles,
ornamented with triangular flutings. The shoulder guards are in seven
laminated plates ; the coudes, rounded over the elbow-joints, have
large fluted, fan-shaped wings, and the whole arm coverings are freely
and handsomely fluted. The gauntlets have long, shapely, pointed
cuffs, with a bordering of three flutings, running parallel with the
margin, along which is a row of rivets. Nearly perpendicular flutings
adorn the remaining surface of the cuff plates ; four fluted lames protect
the backs of the hands, the lowest being hammered out for the knuckles ;
as also are the four plates beyond, for the fingers. The leg armour is
very complete, the cuissades have a fluted laminated plate at the top,
the knee movement extending above and below the joints in five mobile
plates, and the fan-shaped wings, similar in form to those of the tuilles,
are fluted like them. The greaves, attached to the knee-guards- by
sneck-headed turning rivets, have four narrow laminations above the
ankles. The sollerets are not forged in the extreme fashion d la poulaine.
Being in possession of a pair of original tips I have attached them
temporarily as giving the effect presented by the majority of the
sollerets of the period. I may say that such tips were usually, though
not invariably, detachable. When I acquired the suit the salade and
mentonniere had been lost, the former has now been replaced by the
beautiful original helmet at present with the suit. The mentonniere is
placed in position temporarily for educational effect. The suit is
characterized by extreme mobility and elegance, the workmanship is
German, and the probable date about the end of the third quarter of the
fifteenth century. The so-called ' Gothic ' armour was followed to-
wards the end of the century by fluted armour, that is with the whole
siu'face, excepting as a rule the greaves, covered with narrow
regular flutings, in contradistinction to ' Gothic ' armour, with its
broad curved lines. The new fashion had its origin in Italy, in imitation
of the civil dress ; and the change in form was of a radical character.
It was probably introduced into Germany by the emperor elect, Maxi-
milian I. This class of armour is known to connoisseurs as ' Maxi-
milian.' Suit No. 2, though plain is of the same style and period as
fluted armour.

NO. 2. SUIT OF THE MAXIMILIAN PERIOD.

* This suit was acquired from the Chateau de Heeswijk in Brabant,
and you may observe that it has been subjected to some restoration.
The bearing of the figure is dignified, and it is of imposing proportions.

The harness may be said to date from the early years of the sixteenth
century, and though plain, it presents most of the characteristics of
* Maximilian ' armour. The helmet is the armet, and you will notice
that the ' Gothic ' mentonniere has now given place to the gorget
proper, and there are laminated tassets instead of tuilles, and broad-
toed shoes instead of pointed. The breast-plate is globose, a thick
roping standing well out at the top, and there is a lance rest. The taces
are in five plates, and the tassets consist of the same number. The
lowest tace is rounded in the centre for a brayette. The cuissades are
laminated at the tops with margins of roping, the lower rim much thicker
than the one above. The knee-guards have heart-shaped wings, and
the sollerets are ' bearpaw,' that is very broad, especially at the toes,
in strong contrast to the ' Gothic ' form— a la poulaine. The hinged
greaves are fastened by round-headed rivets and are held together by
tension. The pauldrons are attached to the gorget by pegs of steel, and
they are a pair. The coudes are of the butterfly type, and the mitten
gauntlets have pointed cuffs, five plates across the backs of the hands, a
thick roping over the knuckles, while seven nearly flat plates cover
the fingers.

NO. 3. SKIRTED ARMOUR.

' This is a tonlet armour (A tonne), that is with a deep skirt of hoops,
called j ambers or bases. These j ambers are usually called lamboys,
but this, Viscount Dillon informs me, is an old misreading. The hoops
move upwards and downwards like a Venetian blind. This fashion in
steel lasted only about four or at most five decades. Bases were the
skirts of the doublet of the period, and were made of cloth, velvet or
richly embroidered stuff. They were worn during the reigns of Henry
VII and Henry VIII, and an inventory of the wardrobe of the last
named sovereign schedules ' coats with bases.' This fashion, like the
others, came from Italy, for we find bases on an effigy at Corneto,
showing perpendicular pleats or folds. The fashion represented by the
breast of this effigy furnished a model for a breast-plate of steel, one of
the most shapely. As shown by the fine suit with j ambers in the tower
of London, by Conrad Seusenhofer, the style as applied to armour was
in vogue during the later years of Maximilian, but it became more
de rigueur in steel in the reign of his successor. There is an early
English example, with a skirt of steel hoops, on the brass of John
Gaynsford, at Crowhurst, Surrey, who died in 1450, which is some
40 years before the accession of the emperor elect, Maximilian I.
The armet is fluted and in three plates. The visor moves on rosettes,
and projects sharply forward to a point, as on suit No. 2 ; the front
consisting of four deeply indented sections, with two broad lights above
for vision, and two smaller slits for air, it closes with a spring catch, and
the bevor fastens to the crown-piece by a similar snap. The helmet,
which weighs five pounds, has a collar behind of three plates. The
breast-plate has a salient projection considerably below the middle, and
the same form is observable on an enriched suit with jambers in the
Vienna collection, made by M. Mathaus Frauenpeis of Augsburg in
1550 ; though at that time the projection or tapul was usually nearer
the middle of the breast. The jambers of No. 3 consist of nine hoops,
the lowest much broader than the others ; it is studded with a line of
rivets and terminates with a string-like piping. This skirt, in two parts
back and front, is attached to the lower rim of the cuirass by sneck-
headed pegs working in slots, and the two sides of the skirt are connected

242

in a similar manner. The pauldrons are comprehensive, of equal size
both back and front, and the coverings for the upper arms are freely
laminated. The coudes are^ cup-formed^with^ heart-shaped wings.
The pauldrons are bound by a thin piping, as also are the squared cuffs
of the mitten gauntlets, and the piping is repeated at the base of the
bottom finger plates. Over the knuckles is a bold twisted roping, and
the laminated plates over the backs of the hands number five above the
ridge, while those below are of the same number. The gauntlets are of
a type generally prevailing about 1540. The cuissades and greaves
have a ridge running down to the^feet, while the plates over the knees
are ornamented with a double groove down the centres. The attach-
ments are by sneck-headed rivets which slip into holes and turn in
slots. The sollerets are shaped to the form of the feet.

NO. 4. ENRICHED ARMOUR.

Up to about the middle of the fifteenth century armour was usually
plain, but soon after that time chasing and engraving began. The
amount of artistic skill of the very highest order lavished on the orna-
mentation of armour in later medieval times and during the renascence
was a remarkable feature of those periods, and artists of the greatest
renown, such as Donatello, Leonardo da Vinci, Michael Angelo, Albrecht
Diirer, Benvenuto Cellini and Lucio Piccinino were employed in design-
ing for this purpose. Harness was finely and delicately chased, engraved,
russeted and enriched with gold, damascened, appliqued and decorated
with repousse work. This harness, no. 4, is freely enriched in repousse
work, with bold foliations and arabesques on a dark ground studded
over with white points. It is banded in the Italian style, and the
general scheme of ornamentation is intersperced with human heads,
some of them grotesque, and a series of armed figures. The helmet is a
casque of great beauty, forged in one piece, and it weighs seven pounds ;
the ornamentation on it is banded, like the rest of the armour ; the comb
is very high, fluted over the crest and richly ornamented with bold
foliations, and the head of a satyr occupies the centre on each side.
There are the remains of a leathern lining, fastened all round outside
with gilt-headed rivets, the socket at the back has two holes for the
adjustment of a plume of feathers, and there is another hole in the
comb for firmly securing it. The ear-flaps are provided with six holes
on one side and three on the other for hearing, and each flap has a
fluted projecting eye, presumably for keeping the flaps up when not
required, or for fastening them across the throat. The peaks, front and
rear, are overlapping plates, with fluted borders. The gorget is in two
plates, with an ornamental piping. The breast-plate has a low ridge
running down the centre, and although not ' peascod ' formed, it is
similar but with a paunch not so pronounced. There is a bold ridge
along the top and five nearly perpendicular bands of ornamentation,
that in the centre is surmounted on each side of the ridge by finely etched
human heads of great beauty, enclosed in medallions. The single tace
or broad rim at the bottom of the breast-plate is enriched by a nearly
horizontal band of ornamentation. The back-plate is banded in the
same manner as the breast-plate. The suit is without a garde-de-reins.
The tassets are in six plates. The left pauldron is the larger, both have
free laminations. The coudes are cup-formed with oval wings, the fingers
of the gauntlets articulated, and the leg armour is complete and hand-
some, the wings of the knee pieces small and butterfly shaped. A
sharp ridge runs down the front of the leg armour, and the knee pieces

243

are attached to the greaves by sneck-headed rivets. The greaves,
which are hinged, have three lames above the ankles, and the sollerets
are ' bearpaw.' All the pieces are held together by rivets with gilded
heads. The suit "was probably made about the end of the third quarter
of the sixteenth century, or perhaps well into the last quarter. The
stand on which the harness is hung is also old, and probably stood in the
armoury of the castle of Beauraing for centuries, and the face is possibly
a portrait of Don Pedro Fellez de Giron, prince d'Osuna, and due
d'Infantado, knight of the Black Eagle order, etc., viceroy of Sicily and
later of Naples. The harness was saved from the fire at the old de
Giron family seat, the castle of Beauraing, in the province of Namur,
not far from Dinant. The place was burnt down on the 3rd December,
1890, when the suit was saved from the flames. It is free from restora-
tion of any kind.

NO. 5. MODEL SUIT.

This perfect little harness doubtless served as a model in the workshop
of some great armoursmith, probably Italian ; and the style and finish
leave nothing to be desired. The shield bears a heraldic inscription.

NO. 6. DEMI-SUIT, SECOND HALF SIXTEENTH CENTURY.

This armour furnishes an example of the elbow-gauntlet. The gorget
and shoulder plates are riveted together, and the fingers of the gauntlets
are articulated ; it is from the collection of the late Mr. T. B. Johnston,
D.L., H.M. Geographer for Scotland.

NO. 7. BLACK AND WHITE DEMI-SUIT.

This interesting armour dates from about the middle of the sixteenth
century, or rather later, and is of the description worn by leaders of light
cavalry, such as German Reiters ; and. it has been forged with a special
view to lightness. The armour, banded throughout, is in strips of bright
steel on a black enamelled ground, and is hung on a characteristic figure of
the period. The open burgonet has a flapped umbril over the eyes, and
has ear-flaps pierced with holes for hearing. The gorget is in three
plates, and bears armourer's marks and the Nuremberg guild stamp,
but the latter is indistinct, it is riveted together with the shoulder
plates, which are in seven lames, beyond these there is no defence for
the arms, but the hands and wrists are protected by long-sleeved
gauntlets with pointed cuffs, the finger and thumb plates being articu-
lated. Pegs stand up diagonally on each side of the gorget for keeping
the strap, which supports the cuirass, in position. The breast-plate,
which is gusseted round the armholes, has a tapul or salient projection
just over the navel, a feature of the armour period from say 1530 to
beyond the middle of the century. This fashion, like the others
mentioned, had its origin in the form of the civil doublet of the day.
The breast-plate bears the Nuremberg stamp. The taces are three in
number the highest riveted to the lowest tace plate, which is holed in
the centre for the attachment of a brayette or cod-piece. The back
plate is banded like the breast-plate. A sword and small battle-axe,
original like the harness, hang from the sword belt. The sword is de-
scribed later. The armour has been forged with a view to it being
quickly donned or doffed, it is a model of lightness and strength. It
is from the Von Berthold Collection.

NO. 8. RUSSET ARMOUR. ELIZABETHAN.

F This breast-plate and tassets formed part of a russet armour, an effect

244

produced by a process of oxidization or firing to a russet colour. This
surface is more easily kept clean than that of white armour. The
helmet, though nearly of the same period, does not belong to the suit,
and the "gorget is a restoration. The breast-plate is the ' peascod ' of
the true Elizabethan form, and the tassets, consisting of five plates each,
swell out over the hips like the dress of that period, they fasten on to
the broad rim of the breast-plate by straps and buckles. The rim, or tace,
is in two plates welded together. Each piece is margined with brass-
headed rivets. This breast-plate and tassets remind one of the work of
Jacobe, the master armourer at Greenwich during part of the reign of
queen Elizabeth. The remnant was picked up from a Paris dealer.

NO. 9. A PIKEMAN OF THE THIRTY YEARS WAR.

This figure stands with the pike at order, The arms and armour are
original. The helmet is a cabasset, and the gorget and shoulder plates
riveted together. The cuirass is that prevailing about the middle of
the seventeenth century, and the tassets are in nine plates. The sword
will be described under another heading. It is from the Gimbel Col-
lection.

NO. 10. BLACKENED ARMOUR OF THE FIRST HALF OF THE 17 CENT.

The helmet has a pointed umbril, standing out diagonally, hinged
cheek-pieces with ear holes, a collar in one plate, a high comb rising
from nearly the middle of the crown piece and going round the back of
the head. The gorget and espaliers are attached together. A slight
ridge runs down the centre of the breast plate, terminating rather like
the ' peascod,' but it is much natter than the earlier form of doublet.
The tassets are in five broad lames.

NO. 11. A CAVALIER OF THE SECOND HALF OF THE 17 CENT.

Armour of plate has run its course of more than two centuries and a half
and now all that is left of it is the ' pair of plates ' and the helmet. The
causes for the change are many and various. As early as the first half
of the sixteenth century light troops began to wear half armour, and
towards the close of the century the use of cap-a-pie suits began to be
greatly restricted to leaders and persons of distinction. The necessity
for more mobility in action, the decay of archery, the steady improve-
ment of firearms, and indeed perhaps more than all the making of ill-
fitting herness, resulting in sores on the person, so that we sometimes
read of armour being thrown away on the march and even in battle,
ordinances to the contrary notwithstanding, all these causes contributed
to its discredit and subsequent disuse. During later medieval times and
the course of the renascence, the forging and enrichment of armour was
a fine art, but after a time all beauty of outline disappeared and orna-
mentation became lost in a mass of unmeaning and undigested details,
combined with inferiority of workmanship. The bason-shaped helmet
is of the style called the ' Pappenheimer.' The crown piece, which is
of hammered iron, is divided into segments by five headings running
down from the top ; in the centre of the crown is a small circular plate,
out of which springs a ring, presumably for hanging up the helmet. A
nearly horizontal umbril is riveted en in front to protect the eyes, in
the centre of which runs an adjustable nose-guanl, a flat bolt of iron
heart-shaped on the tcp and with a projecting steel -headed rivet at the
bottom to prevent the piece from slipping right through the staple and

245

getting lost, the staple is placed on the crown piece just above the
umbril. Movement upwards and downwards, or rather arresting the
nasal when the piece has been adjusted, is regulated by a turn of a
heart-shaped headed screw. The ear-flaps are holed for breathing, and
the lobster-tail neckguard is in four broad plates, reaching well down
over the nape of the neck. The breast plate has a ridge down the
centre, and its attachment with the back-plate is secured by iron-plated
straps, with adjustable holes in the ends for passing over brass-headed
rivets placed well down the breast-plate. In front is a bullet indenta-
tion, doubtless a test mark. This characteristic figure holds a flintlock
pistol in the right hand, a powder flask and bullet-bag hang from
the belt ; on the left side hangs the sword. The arms and armour are
original. From the Gimbel Collection.

I am frequently asked to account for the smallness of stature and
thinness of the legs of so much of the armour passed down to us ; the
prevailing idea being that the fighting men of the fifteenth and sixteenth
centuries must have been inferior in size to those of the present time.
There is no difference in stature, and as to the calves of the legs, the
thinness is accounted for by reason of the men-at-arms spending so
much of their time on horseback, they are like the horsey men of today.
The reason for the small stature of the majority of suits in collections is
beefy we the bulk of those handed down to us were made for men of Italy,
South Gernmnv, France and Spain, who as a rule, were smaller than
in Englftnd, North Germany, and Scandinavia.

No. 12. — Oriental suit of chain-mail with trousers. — The mail is
covered with crimson silk, the garment is gold-braided and buttons
silvered. From the Dalhousie Collection.

No. 13. — Oriental arm-guards of steel, lined with crimson silk. The
chain- mail open erauntlets, wadded with cotton, are riveted on to the
arm-guards, which are damascened and enriched with raised and
richlv gilded figures. The guards for the outer arm, reaching over
the elbow, 13 inches long, are enriched with a gilded bordering, and
ornamented in gold, figures down the centres and across the wrists, as
also is the portion for the inner arm. The two parts are held together
bv thickly srilded hinges, perhaps entirely of gold. The chain-mail
gloves are damascened and have a square pattern of gilt rings running
through them. From the Dalhousie Collection.

No. 15. — Oriental Shield. Circular and convex, ornamented in
bronze over papier mache, a conventional figure of the sun in the centre,
surrounded by four bosses. The circumference is studded with large-
headed hemispherical rivets, while the body of the shield is decorated
with peacock-tail figures, and hemispherical studs. From Beluchistan.

Kb. 16. — A beautiful ' Gothic ' Gauntlet of an early date, and very
fine workmanship.

No. 17. — A pa^r of ' Gothic ' Solleret tips d la poulaine (now with suit
No. 1). Kuppelmavr Collection.

No. 18. — An earlv ' Gothic ' Coude, for strapping on.
No. 19.— A * Gothic ' Kneeguard.

No. 20. — An enriched Cantle Plate decorated with male figures
enr^osed in medallions in banded repousse work.

No. 22. — A breast-plate of fine form and workmanship dating well
within the first half of the sixteenth centurv. The tapul rises a little
below the centre, and a broad rim extends along the top of the breast-
plate and round the gussetings at the armpits. The taces are in three

246

plates, the lowest being holed and rounded in the centre for fixing on a
brayette. Just below the middle of the roping along the top of the
breast plate are two holes for the attachment of a reinforcing plate, and
on the right side is the armourer's mark, and on the left the Nuremberg
guild badge. Stamped in the depression for fixing on the brayette is a
shield with quarterings, which has been rubbed beyond decipherment ;
and it requires some imagination to see in it the coat-of-arms of the
Worms family, a representation of which is preserved in the German-
ische National Museum at Nuremberg, which has a stag proper courant
in two of the quarterings. On the right of the lowest tace the
armourer's mark is to be seen. In form the breast-plate closely
resembles an enriched specimen at Dresden, attributed to Wilhelm von
Worms of Nuremberg, on which the date of make, 1539, is inscribed.

No. 24. — Model of a typical German Salade without moveable visor.

No. 25. — Close Helmet, second half of sixteenth century (at prccent
with suit No. 8 ), roped comb, the crown piece adorned with six bread
rounded ridgings on either side going over it. The visor, in two plates,
moving on fluted pivots, converges to a point. Holes for vision are in
the upper plate, which is moved up and down by a projecting handle-
bar, while the lower plate is attached to the bevor by a catch. The bevor,
moving on the same pivots as the visor, fastens to the crown-piece by
hooks and eyes, and there is a collar behind. The helmet is enriched
by a bold design in repousse work. It is in bad condition, and dates
towards the end of the century.

No. 26 and 29. — Pappenheimer Helmets. Umbril over eyes, nose-
guard, ear-flaps and long lobster- tail neckguard.

No. 27. — A Helmet, probably English, 1630-45.

No. 28. — A Bascinet, fourteenth century.

No. 30. — Visor and Buffe of Grotesque Helmet, seventeenth century.

No. 31. — Visor and Buffe of Grotesque Helmet, end of sixteenth
century.

No. 32. — A Helmet with six large figures of the letter S over the eyes
and small central hole below. It has a narrow collar and is of late date.

No. 33 and 34.— Cabassets.

No. 35.— A Helmet shaped like a jockey cap with slot for noseguard,
late date.

THE CROSSBOW

was a weapon of Greece and Rome, and also used by the Roman
Gauls. A MS of the tenth century in the National Library at Paris,
gives a representation of the weapon, and so do Anglo-Saxon MSS. of the
eleventh, and it appears in some frescoes in the cathedral at Brunswick,
of twelfth century date. The crossbow was in use by the armies of
England and France during the second crusade, and we find a certain
Peter the Saracen making crossbows in England in 1205 for king John
with wages at 9d. a day. Guillaume Guiart, writing contemporaneously,
tells us that it was among the weapons at the battle of Haringues in
1297. The Genoese made a speciality of it as early as the twelfth
century, and we all know that the French king had a large bodv of
crossbowmen in his pav at Cregy and Agincourt, which were of little
avail against the missiles from the longbow, for the English archer
could shoot 10 to 12 arrows in the time that the crossbowman could only
manage 2"or 3, for the winding up process was so slow. The crossbow
has the advantage of a lower trajectory over its long confrere, but the
latter is lighter and more portable. It was a better weapon for fortress
work, for it was more~easily aimed through loopholes.

247

No. 36. — An Arbalest or Windlass Crossbow. — This example is of the
type employed by the Genoese crossbowman on the field of Agincourt,
that in use at Cre9y was probably an earlier form, the bow of which was
bent by means of a hook attached to the bowman's belt. A crossbow
like No. 36 was used in the low countries all through the seventeenth
century, and this specimen was probably made at Malines. The bow
of steel is bent by a small windlass worked on a system of pullies, the
bowman thrusting his foot through the stirrup placed at the end of the
stock, and when the string had been brought into position a movement
of the trigger liberated the catch and sped the quarrel. The point-blank
range was probably about 70 yards, but with the bow held at 45° the
range probably extended to 300 yards ; the effective range was not,
however, much, if anything, over 200 yards.

No. 37. — A Similar Crossbow, but of older date.

No. 38. — A German Crossbow, where the bow is bent by a ratchet and
long handle.

No. 39. — A Prodd (Arbalete a jalet). — This bow shoots pebbles, and
even bullets ; it is light, and no mechanical contrivance is required for
bending it. This variety was much used in the chase, and queen
Elizabeth shot game with such a one at Cowdray. The name comes
from the two upright pins of iron placed at the top of the stock, and
across the heads of these pins a thread is drawn with a bead in the
centre ; the thread requires to be brought into line with the notch
observable on the top of the adjustable movement placed over the trigger
for sighting purposes. The cord is double, and it is kept taut by beads
placed for the purpose of leaving a cavity or resting place in which to
place the pebble or bullet for discharge. The arrangement for straining
the cord into position is combined with the lock for its release. This
type was employed as late as the middle of the last century for shooting
rooks.

THE JOUSTING LANCE

is from 12 to 15 feet in extreme length, first of uniform girth, but later,
thicker at the base, gradually tapering towards the head ; the swell at
the grip does not occur before the fourteenth century. The lance
differs in. form and bulk for the various kinds of jousting. The vam-
plate or roundel of steel, besides being a protection for the arm and
body, assists in keeping the lance in position. Gimbel Collection.

No. 40. — A Lance, of about the end of the fifteenth century, with
coronal and vamplate. The shaft is a restoration, but the coronal and
vamplate are original. The latter has still its original leather lining, a
feature extremely rare.

No. 41. — An early sixteenth century Lance with sharp head. — This
example is finely preserved, the shaft, grooved on the lower part, bears
the stamp of the city of Vienna. The sharp tip is quadrangular, with
a strong socket for the shaft. The extreme length is 14 feet, and it is
9£ inches in girth above the vamplate, and 9 inches immediately below
it. The vamplate is nearly 13 inches in diameter. This completely
original lance is a great rarity, and was also acquired from the Gimbel
Collection.

No. 42. — A Mace of early sixteenth century date. — Blackened eight-
flanged head, 3£ inches long. Blackened wooden grip, nearly 6£ inches
long ; remainder of the shaft, which is round, and of bright steel,
measures 11£ inches. Total length of weapon, 21 1 inches.

No. 43. — A Steel Mace, seventeenth century. Persian type. Damas-

548'

coned in gold, round shaft, long narrow six-flanged head. Total length,
29| inches.

No. 44. — Oriental Mace with globular head of steel, 3 inches in
diameter ; enriched with gold damascenings, and surmounted by a
quadrangular arrow-head of steel ; steel shaft gilt. Deccan.

No. 45. — Oriental Battle Axe with crescent-shaped blade, measuring
nearly eight inches from point to point, ornamented with figures of
birds, animals and flowers, chiselled in low relief, and gilt ; square
hammer head, similarly decorated ; round steel shaft, over 2 feet long.
Scinde.

No. 46. — Wooden- haf ted Axe, fifteenth century. Broad hatchet blade.

No. 47. — Oriental Battle Axe of steel throughout, curved, pointed,
knife -like blade, 11 inches long, springing from a round shaft. Total
length, 38 inches. Scinde.

No. 48. — Oriental Battle Axe. — The blade and steel shaft damas-
cened in gold. Blade measures four inches from point to point of the
crescent-shaped edge. Flat hammer head, also damascened in gold.
Total length, 2 feet 1 inch. Udaipur.

No. 49. — Styrian Hunting Axe. — The flook is formed like the head
and neck of a bird with a pronounced beak , the blade is provided with a
detachable brass guard decorated with repousse work, for preserving
the edges in a condition of sharpness. A hunting scene is engraved on
the blade.

No. 50. — Morning Star entirely of iron, sixteenth century. — The shaft
is long, with an oblong ring at the end, and richly decorated, with the
word ' Libertas ' sunk in gold letters running along it. The round head
isjspiked over its surface. The weapon was picked up by myself in a
marine store dealer's shop, from a heap of old iron, when it was so
thickly rusted that no details could be distinguished.

No. 51. — A Holy Water Sprinkler or Military Flail, sixteenth century.
This terrible weapon owes its name, doubtless, to a brutal jest. It
consists of a wooden shaft, fixed in a socket, bound with iron, and
studded with nails ; attached to this, tlirough a ring, is a chain with a
wooden ball at the end, freely studded with iron spikes. From the
Collection of Mr. R. Wharton.

No. 52. — Another example with shorter staff and chain, but similar
in other respects. Wharton Collection.

No. 53. — Light Cavalry Battle Axe, sixteenth century, German
leather bound staff, 20 inches long ; narrow blade, 6 inches from point to
point, and a short flat spike behind. Stamped S. Now with suit No. 7.
From the von Berthold Collection.

No. 54. — A Halbard, fifteenth century, with narrow blade, running
into a spear at the extremity, and two spikes about six inches apart,
springing from the blunt side. A trefoil ornament is cut in the centre of
the blade with three round holes on either side. The head is attached
to the original shaft by two long decorative strips of iron fastened by
rivets with dentated heads.

No. 55. — A Guisarme or Gisarme, fifteenth century. — A long, scythe-
shaped weapon, fixed on a long, heavy staff. The blade is provided with
a sharp hook and spurs on the sides, and a spear at the top ; it is roughly
ornamented and bears a stamp. From the Gimbel Collection. A fine
example. No. 56 is another and similar Gisarme.

No. 57 and 58. — English Bills, seventeenth century. — Local weapons,
which formed part of the town armoury of Newcastle-upon-Tyne.
Broad blade, with sharp side hooks, terminating in a spear. Original
staff, with shoe.

249

X". 3D. — A Berdiche, Swedish, sixteenth century. The -shaft end of
the lorg, narr jw, crescent-formed blade is attached to the stall by a long
strip 01 iron. Part only of the staff is original.

X«>. GO. — A Kunka or Ronsard, flfteentn century. — Long blade, with
two lateral spikes springing from its base on either side, and curving
upwards, fastened on 10 a long start with strips of iron. Gimbel
Collection.

.No. til. — A Corseke, early sixteenth century. — Lorg central spike with
curved beak-like side wings, roughly ornamented ana fastened on to the
original shaft by strips ol iron. Gimbel Collection.
.NO. G2. — A -ttalbard, eighteenth century.

Xo. G3. — A Boar bpear, German. — Long spear, two laterals with
knobs at the ends at the base, socketed on a long staff.

No. 64. — A Spetum, early sixteenth century. — Broad central blade,
with side spikes curving downwards, socketed on a long shaft. A
monogram K., surmounted by an imperial crown, is engraved on both
sides with the legend : BEST v FOBCADB.

Xo. Go. — A Partisan, German, about 1620. — Central blade with
broad, dentated side wings ; the stall is a restoration.

Xo. G6 and G7. — Lochaber Axes, seventeenth century. — This type of
weapon closely resembles the voulge. Ihe long blade is crescent-formed
along the edge, and the back is straight ; springing from the socket, at
the back, is a sharply curved nook, useful for cutting the bridles of
horses. Original Stan and shoe. Ihete axes formed part of the armoury
of the town guard of Xewcastle-upon-Tyne, and the maker's name,
William Hood, is stamped on the weapon.

Xo. 68. — A Catch-iron (Hascher-eisen) sixteenth century. — This
dangerous weapon has springs riveted within the broad fork, which
stand out towards the outer ends of its branches ; these are pressed
back in the act of slipping the fork across the neck of a horseman from
behind. The springs rebound as soon as the fork has enclosed the neck,
thus effectually making a prifoner, who is at the mercy of the catcher,
inasmuch as he must either submit to be unhorsed or be choked. The
fork is secured by iron strips to the original shaft.

Xo. 69. — A Processional Glaive, sixteenth century. — Large and long
scythe-like blade, enriched with trophies and other figures. The lion
and unicorn, with crown between, is cut in large proportions along the
long, broad blade, and the device is etched. The head of a horse is cut
and etched on either side of the base of the blade. The head firmly
socketed over a heavy staff.

Xo. 70. — A Glaive", sixteenth century. — A very long, broad blade,
curved along the outside edge. In the centre of the back there are two
flooks, with a serrated figure in the centre, besides serrated projections
near the base of the blade, and a similar one near the top at the back.
Two circles of round holes are cut along the blade. The head is fastened
on to the long staff by strips of iron, which are riveted.

Xo. 71. — A Formation Lance. — Fitted for a flag, narrow fluted tip,
and shod with iron, the numerals 1832 are stamped on the spear head.

Xo. 72.— A Lucerne Hammer, sixteenth century. — Halbard-shaped
blade, freely pierced with holes, a dentated hammer is on the opposite
side, the remaining sides of the square head being garnished with spikes,
and a long serrated spear at the extremity fixed on the abaft by four
strips of iron.

Xo. 73. — A Goedendag, fourteenth century. — A long wooden cudgel,
thickening towards the head, which is garnished all round with iron

250

spikes, and surmounted!^ longer one. Stamped with the letters' LZ.
The above is the low countries name for the weapon, but the Swiss call it
a Morgenstern (Morning Star).

No. 74 and 75. — Halbards, early seventeenth century.— Long spear
head, with crescent-formed blade and sharp flook behind.

No. 76. — An Officer's Spontoon, eighteenth century.

HANDGUNS, PISTOLS, ETC.

The earliest mention of hand firearms occurs in connection with
Perugia, in 1364 ; and an inventory of Nuremberg refers to 48 of these
weapons as being in the arsenal of the city. Monstrelet mentions hand-
guns as boston a pouldre and a feu, and a Florentine writer states
that such weapons were employed at the siege of Lucca in 1430. Actual
specimens are rare. The first type was a cannon in miniature, with a
touch hole attached to a long rough shaft or stick. These handguns
were worked by two men, as shewn on illuminated MSS. at Vienna.
One of the men holds the weapon with the long thin stock pressed against
his breast, while the other stands apart, ramrod in hand, apparently
after having loaded the piece. Another fourteenth century illumination
shows one of the men serving the gun, by applying a hot coal for firing
it. These early pieces, clumsy tubes, stuck on to the end of a stick, and
indeed, much later weapons also, were not to be compared in efficiency
with the longbow and crossbow, worked on the principles of tension and
torsion. Hand firearms of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries would
appear to have been relied on more for frightening the horses of men-at-
arms, a very important function, than for any execution they might do
"through the armour of proof of the riders. Late in the fourteenth
century,and early in the fifteenth, small culverins,stocks rudely fashioned
to the shoulder, a touch-hole on the right side, were in use. The weapon
was fired by applying a match directly to the touch-hole, and the soldier
had to find his way to it while taking aim. In the first half of the
fifteenth century horsemen began to use a Sweyne feather (Swedish
feather), a forked rest, fixed on to the saddle, from which the gun was
discharged. We hear little of handguns in England before the Wars of
the Roses. They were employed at the second battle of St. Albans,
but the corps was Burgundian. The first person of note that we hear of
as having been killed by a projectile from a handgun was the earl of
Shrewsbury at Chatillon in 1453. By the end of the fifteenth century
the priming was held in a pan, protected by a lid, moving on a pivot at
the side of the barrel. Later, the pan was attached to the plate, and the
stock more bent. A pair of moveable nippers, called a serpentin from
its form, was devised for holding the match, this was first manipulated
by a direct movement of the hand, but later, adjusted on a pivot,
through the stock, and a lever for the fingers beyond it ; which, when
pressed, brought the lighted slow-match into contact with the priming
in the flashpan and touch-hole, and the piece was discharged. The
bore was about half-an-inch in diameter. As soon as a crank, in
connection with the trigger had been devised the matchlock was, in a
sense, complete. The mainspring was a further improvement. Arrows
were shot from these guns as well as bullets. Early handguns were full
of drawbacks and imperfections, uncertain in aim and mode of ignition,
often missing fire, protracted loading, besides cumbersome accessories.
The further development ojf gunlocks and the handgun generally, will
be touched upon incidentally in connection with examples here.

No. 77.— A Matchlock Gun, seventeenth century.— Double grooved
stock, serpentin, flashpan with cover, moving on a pivot, sighted

251

barrel, sexagonal half its length, followed by two sets of semi-circular
groovings across it, then plain. Length sixty inches, calibre, |th inches,
steel mounts. Acquired from Chateau de Heeswijk Collection. The
great disadvantage attending the matchlock was the trouble and un-
certainty of retaining fire, and in its being necessary always to have the
match lighted, or the means of striking a light, a difficult matter in
those days. This objection was obviated by the invention of the wheel-
lock, a form much more manageable, more especially for cavalry.

No. 78. — A Wheel-lock Musket, seventeenth century. — Nearly
straight, brass butted, carved stock, decorated with brass mounts in
repousse work, representing foliations, Mid buildings and human figures.
Steel lock-place and cock similarly enriched, ornamented brass trigger
guard, octagonal deeply rifled barrel, 33£ inches long, calibre f inches,
long sight. Total length, nearly 48 inches. Weight, 15f Ibs. Ignition
was accomplished by sparks generated by the friction of a steel wheel,
notched long and crosswise, rubbing against a piece of flint, or by the
striking of the wheel against a cube of pyrites. The lock was wound up
by a spanner, which hung at the soldier's belt. The winding up cf the
wheel, accumulated the energy or momentum, which became available
when the catch connected with the trigger had liberated it for revolution.
Benvenuto Cellini mentions a wheel-lock arquebus in 1530. This lock
is believed to have been invented by Johann Kiefuss of Nuremberg in
1517. The costliness of this lock, which was made in as many as ten
separate pieces, greatly restricted its use as regarded military handguns,
but it displaced the matchlock as a cavalry weapon, and was applied
generally to pistols, besides being used exclusively in guns for the chase.

No. 79. — Curious old Catapult Gun. — Two draped figures of Minerva
in bronze encircle the bore. Octagonal barrel, calibre ^ inch. Johnston
Collection.

No. 80. — A Flintlock Gun, Indian. — Stock bound round with incrusta-
tions of silver, which extend around and beyond the lock. The octa-
gonal barrel, 54J inches long, is enriched with silver plating, with
foliations in repouss6 work, extending nearly 17 inches from the muzzle,
calibre £ inch. The construction of the flintlock is too familiar to need
description. The method of extracting fire by means of a flint and steel
is an ancient one, being mentioned both by Virgil and Pliny. The credit
of the invention of this lock in 1614, has been claimed by France,
but an actual specimen in the tower armoury, dated 1614, effectively
disposes of this pretension. The musketeer continued to carry his
match-lock gun up to the end of the seventeenth century, and even
later, while flint locks continued in use until long after Waterloo.

No. 81. — A Flint-lock Coaching Blunderbuss, eighteenth century. —
The three-edged bayonet, held back along the barrel by a catch ; a strong
spring shoots it forward into position when released. The barrel of
brass is 17 inches long, and the diameter of the muzzle 2 inches. Brass
mounts.

No. 82. — A Wheel-lock. — The lock-plate and cock are ornamented
with deeply-cut figures of Joseph leading an ass bearing the Virgin and
child. They are going, led by an angel, towards some trees and a
church. On the flashpan is the maker's mark. The main principle
of the wheel-lock is to generate the spark which is to ignite the powder
for firing the shot in a self-acting manner, in contradistinction to the
principle of the wheel-lock, in which ignition is secured by a match,
which required to be keft constantly burning.

No. 83. — A Sweyne Feather, sixteenth century. — This is a gun rest
for^cavalry. The shaft screws off at the head, disclosing a long spear or
bayonet ofsquare section.

262

PISTOLS, ETC.

' The etymology of the word is uncertain, some maintaining that the
name arose from the weapon having been invented in Pistoja by Camillo
Vitello, others believe that it originated from a coin of the time, the
pistole, from the fact, if it be one, that the bore of the weapon had the
same diameter as the coin. Brescia was a great early centre for their
manufacture. Pistols were often combined with other weapons, both
for warfare and the chase.

No. 84. — Pair of Wheel-lock Pistols, Commonwealth period. From
the collection of Sir S. Rush Meyrick.

No. 85. — Flint-lock Pistol, entirely of steel. The name Alex. Allen,
roughly engraved on the lock-plate. The stock head is in the form of
a crown.

No. 86. — Brass Mounted Dag.

No. 88. — Small Double-barrelled Percussion Pistol.

No. 89. — A Powder Flask, sixteenth century. — Exquisitely inlaid
with bleached stags' horn. Circular in form, bound round with iron.
Five inches in diameter. The charge-tube closes with a spring snap
attached to which is a curved pin for clearing out the touch-hole of a
handgun. A small centre circlet is sunk and inlaid with a four petalled
flower, while a raised outer circle cushions round it, the latter inlaid
with conventional flowers and foliations. The flask is fitted with two
staples for a strap.

No. 90. — Iron Powder Flask, early seventeenth century. — Sugar loaf
in external form, with a straight back. Charge-tube arranged for a
measured charge, by means of closing the orifice with a finger, and a
confining spring at the bottom. The flask is ornamented with flutings
and an inscribed shield is on the centre.

No. 91. — Powder Flask, second half of seventeenth century (with
Suit No. 11). — Graduated charge- tube.

No. 92. — Pair of antique Spur rowels of 16 points.

No. 94-97. — Trigger and lid of Flashpan Match-lock ; Flint-lock Pistol
(Johnston Collection) ; Old Lock-plate ; Cartridge and Flint of the Old
Brown Bess.

No. 98. — An Artillery Projectile, seventeenth century and consisting
of a number of cast-iron balls If inches in diameter, built round a core
of wood, and set in some sort of mortar or cement, the idea being that
they would detach and spread out when discharged. Found by some
fishermen off the Skaw. The Danish name for the projectile is
Skraasackke.

SWORDS.

' The simple form of sword with a crossguard, straight or curved, and
an occasional thumb ring, was the rule until the sixteenth century began,
after which time other guards were invented, and the hilt continues to
increase in complexity until the Schiavona, a basket-hilted Venetian
sword, had been evolved. The straight double-edged blade of the
fifteenth century, is long, sometimes grooved or ridged and with a longer
grip than prevailed during the century proceeding. The nomenclature
employed to express the different guards varies a good deal, which causes
some confusion in the mind of the student ; indeed, many of the
expressions are inappropriate and sometimes misleading.

No. 99. — Model of a late fifteenth century hand and a half Sword. —
This weapon shows a heavy polygonally formed pommel, surmounted
by a button. The grip is covered with leather, and wired ; quillons

253

curve counterwise, and there is a ring in front and another in the rear.
The broad double-edged blade is ridged, and tapers gently to the point.
Length of blade, 32 inches. The usual form of the sword, up to the
middle of the sixteenth century, is still cruciform, with or without a pas
d'ane guard ; quillons straight or curving towards the blade, which
tends to become narrower and lighter. The sword being now more
easily wielded, the play became freer, and one guard after another was
added to the hilt to protect the hand against more rapid and varied
play ; the main factor towards the change in the countries of chivalry
lying in the ever increasing importance of the point over the edge ; the
former becoming by degrees the principal part of the weapon, whilst in
the east the edge continued to maintain its predominance. There are,
however, many swords with a greater elaboration of guards even in the
first half of the sixteenth century, and besides, actual specimens to the
fore, several illustrations of such hilts occur in the Triumph of Maxi-
milian, and in other records ; but it was during the second half of the
century that the rapier hilt became fully developed.

No. 100. — A Sword of near the middle of the sixteenth century. — The
pommel is a solid square, cut away &t the angles. The panels are
enriched by figures, one }f them armed, and the sides and angles
ornamented with arabesques and geometrical figures. The grip is
enclosed in wood and wrapped round with ornamental wire. The
knucklebow coalesces with the quillon, which curves upward ; while
counterguards, springing from the knucklebow, meet at the head of
the ricasso ; two side rings. This sword was intended to be held with
one or more fingers above the quillons, and a dagger, with a similar hilt,
in the left hand. The guards and counterguards are enriched by
figures, trophies and arabesques. The blade is about 37 inches long by
eleven twelfths of an inch at its broadest part, and is fluted, pierced
with holes and gilt eleven inches along the blade from the hilt, followed
by a further length, 2| inches, of trophies and arabesques ; beyond
which it is plain. The "blade is of diamond section above the flu tings,
and tapers towards the point. It is sometimes supposed that blade
perforations such as shown in this case, were intended as a handy
medium for the ' telling of beads,' but they were probably cut more for
a decorative purpose and for lightening the weapon. The great two-
handed sword appears first about the end of the fourteenth century,
and it became a favourite weapon of the fifteenth. It was introduced
into England in the second half of the fifteenth century, probably to-
wards the end ; and king Henry VIII., who was an adept in its use,
proposed its employment in one of the combats of the Field of the Cloth
of Gold, but Francis I. would not hear of it. The sword was much used
by the hardy mountaineers of Switzerland, and for fortress work. It
was worn usually without scabbard and was drawn through a piece of
leather over the shoulder.

No. 101. — A Two-handed Sword, sixteenth century. — This great un-
wieldy weapon, not far short of six feet in length, would seem to be too
heavy and cumbersome for any effective employment against a more
manageable sword ; but it had its greatest popularity before sword play
had become rapid and varied. The pommel of this sword is formed like
an inverted bell, while the grip, a foot long, swells greatly out towards
the centre. The quillons, decorated with crowns cut in the extremities,
curve towards the blade, which is hollowed out in the portions that may
be termedTthe ricasso, above which are two guards. The sword is 2f
inches broad in'its'widest^part^tapering almost insensibly to the point.

No. 102. — A Flamberge, Two-handedLSword, with wavy-edged blade,

254

sixteenth century. — This handsome weapon, acquired from the Meyrick
Collection, is about five feet long, heavy pommel, grip 14 inches in
length, straight quillons, with knobs at the extremities, and 2 rings.
The blade is double-edged and wavy along the edges, and it is stamped
1566, the year of make.

No. 104. — An Executioner's Sword, German, seventeenth century. —
The pommel is circular, very heavy and flat, engraved with an eagle,
long grip, quillons, which are unnecessary on such swords and often
absent, are solid, square and plain, curving slightly towards the blade,
which is double-edged, and a groove runs up the centre. The blade is
31^ inches long, by 2J inches broad, on it are etched a death's head,
cross-bones and a cross. There is a maker's mark, apparently a beehive.

No. 105. — A Schiavona, A Venetian sword of the sixteenth and seven-
teenth centuries. A flattened elliptical form of basket hilt, affording
complete protection for the hand, which can move freely. The first
finger was passed over the quillon, and the superadded guard to protect
it, gives the hilt an elongated form. The weapon is single-edged and
grooved. The name is derived from the doge's Dalmatian guard. The
sword is inscribed with the double-eagle surmounted by a crown, with
the numerals 1734, which may be the date of the blade. This is a late
example of what was probably the earliest form of basket hilt. The hilt
is seven inches long, and the blade 34 inches.

No. 106.— A Scottish basket-hilted Sword. — The hilt is an early type,
and the blade is of about 1700, it is stamped with a figure, apparently
a dagger, but the mark is much worn.

No. 107. — A hand and a half Sword, dating from towards the end of
the sixteenth century. — This is a weapon of German nationality,
octagonal pommel, long grip, counter-curved quillons slightly S-shaped,
knucklebow nearly joins the grip a third of the way up, with two
branches coalescing with the lowest of the three rings, long ricasso.
The blade is 39 inches long and on it are two indistinct marks ; it is
embellished for a third of the distance up the blade with two parallel
lines and a wavy line between. This hand and a half sword is often
termed a bastard by contemporary English writers.

No. 109. — A Dalmatian Sword, seventeenth century. — Knucklebow
attached to pommel, quillon curving upwards. Counterguards con-
solidated in shield reaching to the pommel. Stamped S.

No. 110. — A Sabre, German. — Curved, grooved, single-edged blade.
The hilt, which is late seventeenth century, had originally shells which
are now missing, and probably a straight blade. The grip is a restora-
tion.

No. 111. — A Hunting Sword, with flint-lock Pistol in combination. —
Curved hilt of stag's horn. The pistol and hilt mounts are of brass.
The pommel bears a grotesque human head on the face, and a lace-like
bordering below it, whilst a similar bordering decorates the head of the
hilt. The knucklebow is ornamented with a human head and floriations
and it passes into the quillon which curves upwards, terminating in a
wild-boar's head. The head of the blade is further ornamented with
figures of a deer, and the heads of a bull and a dog. The shell bears the
figure of a stag. Chasings on the single-edged blade are nearly rubbed
out. The sword and pistol in combination never formed a satisfactory
weapon.

No. 113. — A Sword, of the first half of the seventeenth century. — Long
quillons, knucklebow, side rings, thumb ring and superadded guards.
Broad grooved blade.

No. 114. — A Sword, late seventeenth century, French. — Heavy

255

conical pommel, knucklebow^with covering branch, quillons curving
counterwise, open shell with centre bar. Ridged double-edged blade,
stamped with an indistinct head and two crosses, it is etched with figures
of the sun, trophies, and fleurs de lis.

No. 115. — A Small Sword. — Gilt metal hilt, enriched with medallions
of flowers, fluted and studded, oval pommel, knucklebow, and double
shield, one half of which stands up so that the hilt may hang flat against
the side. Fluted blade of bayonet section, tapering to a point ; damas-
cened a third of its length and enriched with gilt geometrical figures,
bold foliations and trophies.

No. 116. — A Foining Estoc. — Very like the type of sword now used for
duelling in France. Oval fluted pommel, straight quillons, pas d' ane,
surmounted by two rings. Double shield, one half of which has been bent
up for the hilt to hang flat against the side. Three-edged blade, fluted
on two sides and deeply grooved on the other, etched with floriations.

No. 119. — A Rapier, Italian type, seventeenth century. — Knuckle-
bow, straight quillons, pas d' ane, solid cup guard, grooved double-edged
blade, various inscriptions, among theai * Florentia ' and ' Honor.'

No. 120. — A German Rapier, seventeenth century. — Showing straight
quillons and cup only, the latter perforated.

No. 127. — A Carving Knife. — This was the sword of Robert Foster
(Mrs. Clephan's great-grandfather), a lieutenant, in 1779, of H.M.S.
' Pelican,' carrying 24 guns. He turned quaker and converted his
sword into a carving knife.

No. 129. — A Sword worn by a ' Landshnecht,' or a ' Reiter,' (with Suit
No. 7). — This weapon, although not of the type known to connoisseurs as
a Landsknecht's sword was greatly used by that fraternity. The pommel
is a flattened pear shape and is pierced next the button with two holes.
The grip is short for the forefinger grasps a side ring. The quillons are
>unter- curved, one branch forming a knucklebow, unattached to the
pommel, and a counterguard connects it with the pas d'ane, and there
are two addditional guards. Broad, fluted double-edged, blade, 32
inches long, tapering slightly towards the point. Cut along the gr joves
is the inscription ' Soli Deo Gloria,' with the orb and cross.

No. 130. — A Sword, second half of seventeenth century (with Suit No.
11.) — Fluted oval pommel, straight quillons, knucklebow, joining
pommel and coalescing with perforated half shell and thumb ring,
double-edged blade, tapering slightly towards the point.

No. 132. — A Sabre. Talwar. Scinde. — Single-edged, sharply curved
blade, scabbard of black leather. A long leather sash-belt covered
with richly embroidered cloth on crimson velvet.

No. 133. — A Yataghan. — In brass jewelled scabbard, ivory jewelled
hilt, with double-winged ivory pommel, gently curved, single-edged
grooved blade, 23 inches long, slightly curved, and swelling out towards
the point, engraved with Arabic characters and devices, set in brass
jewelled scabbard, with side pieces, also jewelled. The ornamentation is
tinsel work.

DAGGERS.

The dagger, mainly an auxiliary weapon, is a short sword in great
variety of form. It is a weapon for thrusting only.

The form is often that of the sword in miniature, and the guards, as

in the case of the larger weapon, are an excellent guide as to date. It is

"imcult, sometimes, to distinguish between the sword and dagger, for

>me of the former are short, and some of the latter long. Quite a

256

number of names of >; daggers occur iii medieval records, but it is im-
possible to be quite sure of the identity of some of them. The poniard,
with its numerous family, is shorter than the ordinary dagger, whilst the
Highland dirk is in great variety of form, and usually without any
guards. It is not uncommon for daggers to be fitted with a small knife,
or knives, like some of the Indian weapons. The military dagger was
placed at the waist belt on the right side, and eventually merged into the
bayonet.

No. 134. — An Italian Stiletto. — Oval pommel, straight quillons, with
oval knobs at the extremeties. The bayonet section blade is 8 inches
long.

No. 135. — A Poniard. — Pommel, a round knob, the grip hollowed for
a tight grasp, straight quillons with knobs, the blade is double-edged
and sharply ridged. Length, nearly 5 inches.

No. 136. — Small Stiletto. — Twisted grip, short quillons, broad ridged
blade, tapering to a point. Length, 4£ inches.

No. 137. — A Dagger. — Brass mounts and beautiful agate hilt.
Quillons curving towards the blade, figures of lions heads in the centre,
the wings modelled as the heads of dolphins. The chased blade is
doubled-edged and 14 inches long.

^ No. 140. — A Dagger, taken from a French prisoner of war. It was at
the Perth depot in 1815.^ Bone grip with chain band, brass counter-
curved quillons, blade double-edged, diamond section, 14 inches long,
chased with trophies and foliations.

No. 141. — A Cinquedea, fifteenth century. — An Italian dagger or
sword believed to have had its origin in Verona. This example has lost
its hilt, leaving the tang bare, quillons rounded over the blade, which is
14 inches long by 3 inches broad just above the quillons and narrowing
gradually to an obtuse point. It has three grooves on either side, and
bears an indistinct stamp.

No. 142. — A Main Gauche. — This is a weapon more especially of the
second half of the sixtenth and early seventeenth centuries, and it was
used in conjunction with the rapier, the dagger, of course, held in the
left hand. It was difficult to parry effectively with the long rapier, and
hence the necessity of a dagger or cloak in the left hand. In this ex-
ample the shell is attached to the pommel, quillons curva upwards.
The grooved double-edged blade tapers to a point.

No. 143. — A Ghurkha Kukri in blackened leather sheath. The national
weapon of Nepaul, which, like so many others all the world over, has its
origin in an implement of agriculture, or of the chase. This is a kind
of bill-hook for cutting through jungle. Ivory hilt, incurved grooved
blade with blood-notch at the head, 12 inches long by 2 inches broad
in the widest part. In two pockets in the scabbard are two miniature
kukries with wooden hilts, on ; for eating purposes and the other for
sharpening the large weapon. A larger pocKet beyond conte ins a small
sheath, presumably for carrying a charm and perhaps needles also.'

At the conclusion of the address thanks of members were voted,
by acclamation, to Mr. and Mrs. Clephan, on the motion of the Rev.
C. E. Adamson, for their great kindness in receiving and entertaining
the party, and to Mr. Ulephan for his address. Mombers then
separate d.

267
PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES

OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE.

3 SER., VOL. I. 1904. No. 27.

• . The ordinary monthly meeting of the society was held in the library
of the castle, iNewcastle, on \\eunesday, the 28th day of September,
1904, at teven o'clock in the evening, Mr. R. C. Clephan, one of the
vice-presidents, being in the chair.

Several accounts, recommended by the Council for payment, were
ordered to be paid.

The following ordinary members were proposed and declared duly
elected : —

i. Joseph Mawson of 10 Ravens worth Terrace, Durham,
li. Robert Pearson Winter of 18 Eslington Terrace, Newcastle

The following NEW BOOKS were placed on the table : —
Exchanges : —

From ' La Societe d'Archeologie de Bruxelles.' : — Annales, xvm, iii
and iv, 8vo.

From the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology,
in, i : — Archaeological Researches in Yucatan, by Edw. H. Thomp-
son, large 8vo. Camb., 1904.

Purchases : — Thorpe's London Church Staves, large 8vo. cl. ; Codring-
ton's Roman Roads in Britain ; Mackinlay's The pre-Reformation
Church and Scottish Place Names ; Notes and Queries, No. 36-39 ;
The Antiquary for August and September, 1904 ; and Jahrbuch
of the Imp. Germ. Archl. Institute, Index to vols. i-x.

DONATIONS TO THE MUSEUM.

Thanks were voted for the following : —

From Mr. 1. Chalkley Gould of Loughton, Essex: — Two small objects of
bone, in wooden hafts, formerly used in the straw plaiting
districts for splitting straws for plaiting, one to split a straw into
rive the other into eight. Mr. Gould in a letter to the secretary
writes : — ' Thejndustry is dead in Essex, but it is still carried on
in a few places in Herts and Cambs, but the modern workers
use instruments of iron or brass, and some old women, to whom
I have talked, said they remembered using the bone engines
many years ago, but not since. According to the number of
' cogs ' so the straw is split, I send you two to show the methods
of hafting, seven engines go to a complete set, viz., 4 to 10 cogs.
They are hardly worth your acceptance.'

From the Literary and Philosophical Society, Newcastle (per Mr
C. J. Spence, V.P.) : — A large iron key, 9 inches long, the stem

258

formed of seven small tubes soldered round a centre one. It is
said to have come from Egypt. This memorandum was with the
key when it was given to the Lit. and Phil., 50 or 60 years ago : —
' This key was received by me from Mr. Robson, late wharfinger
of this town, who had it from the captain of a ship as a token of
respect ; the captain got it from one of his crew when on a voyage
from Alexandria. The man bought it for a trifle from a destitute
Egyptian, who said he found it in the ruins of a tomb from which
a mummy had been recently taken. The key has been in the
possession of Mr. Robson and family for about eighty years.'

EXHIBITED : —

By R. Blair (one of the secretaries) : — A first brass Roman coin of the
empress Faustina the younger, in very poor condition.
It was dug up in St. Stephen's churchyard, South Shields, while
grave making, on 9 August last.

By Mr. F. R. N. Haswell of North Shields: — A large folio service missal,
printed at Paris in 1683, by Dionysius Thierry, bought by him
in North Shields. At the end of the book is the device (colophon)
of the printer, three ears of barley (?) issuing from a crescent,
and the motto around PCENITET ^TEBNVM IVJENS NON TER
PKOVIDA BITE. Below is a ' merchant mark,' the not uncommon
4, issuing from a heart, with a bar across the stem, just above it.
The letters R T are within the heart.
Mr. Haswell read the following note : —

' The missal, which I thought might interest the members of our
society, was in the hands of a second-hand furniture broker, etc., and
quite by accident I noticed it. I regret that I can give no account of
its previous owners. That the book was a service missal is indicated
by the ribbon tabs attached to those leaves which were most in use —
whether for the musical tones or text — and it would appear as though
it had remained carefully preserved for these 220 years, in hands that
valued it. The former owner had placed in the corner of the last fly leaf
his name and how it came into his possession. ' Thomas Gooch j Ex
Dono | Dnse Rebeccac Lone j Avunculi Relictje.' This writing is pro-
bably of about 1700. The interest attaching to the book is a MS. not •
of about the date of the publication, i.e. 1683, which reads as follow :-
' Addendum ultimse Collect* in fine Missae Et famulos tuos summum
Pontificem Innocentium Regem nostrum Jacobum, Reginam iiostram
Mariam, et Reginam Catherinam, nos et cunctum populum Christianum
ab omni adversitate semper, et ubique custodi, pacem, et salutem nostris
concede temporibus, et ab ^Ecclesia tua cunctam repelle nequitiarn.
Per Dominum nostrum, etc.' At this time it may not be out of place
to mention the revival of the Jacobite Legitimist idea, as shewn by the
institution of ' The Order of the White Rose.' James II., who was de-
posed in 1688 and died in 1718, married first Anne Hyde the daughter of
the ea~l of Clarendon, but of their 8 children, 6 died before he married, as
his second wife, in 1673, Mary Beatrix,1 daughter of Alphonsus III. duke of
Modena ; by her he had one son James, who married Clementina Sobieski,
granddaughter of John III. of Poland ; she had two sons, Charles (called
by the Jacobites the third of that name) who died in 1788, without issue,
and cardinal Henry Benedict (whom they call Henry IX), who died in
1807. Hence it is requisite to go back to James the second's own family
for a successor ; his sister Mary married the prince of Orange, whose son

i This is the Mary of the collect, while the Catherine is the widow of Charles II,
who died in 1685— hence the collect was written before then.

259

being a protestant (to which faith by the law of succession, as settled in
1701, the crown was limited), became king, and married his cousin Mary,
the elder of the two daughters of James II. by his first wife ; they had no
family, and the crown passed to queen Mary's younger sister Anne, who
married George of Denmark. All their 13 children died young. Here
the Jacobites say the succession should have gone to the great Charles
Emanuel IV, king of Sardinia, whom they dub Charles IV. He died s. p.
His brother Victor Emanuel succeeded him. Ho left daughters,
the eldest of whom Mary Beatrix Victoria (styled Mary III) married
her own uncle, Francis, duke of Modena, despite this the Jacobites
include the son Francis, whose niece, born in 1849 is styled Mary IV;
she married in 1868, Louis Leopold, the eldest son of the prince regent of
Bavaria, and they arc blessed with 13 children. It should be noted that
according to English law, the marriage of the so-called Mary IV. is
illegal, she having married her uncle. Hence they may see that an
alteration is requisite, in which case Robert Charles Louis Marie de
Bourbon, titular duke of Parma, would be the next in line of succession,
probably under the title of Robert I. of England, and IV. of Scotland.
Fortunately the protestant succession was upheld through the cousin
of James II, Sophia, electress of Hanover, and we have the happiness
to live under the rule of his gracious Majesty Edward VII, a? her lineal
descendant.'

ARCHAEOLOGICAL LECTURES.

So few members being present owing to the visit of the Channel Fleet,
it was determined to adjourn to a future meeting the discussion of the
question mentioned in te last annual report as ' to the best mode of
advancing the work of the Society by means of popular lectures on
archaeological subjects during the winter session, or in any other way.'
Mr. Heslop (one of the secretaries), however, read the following
letter addressed to him by Mr. Dendy, V.P., on the subject : —

' I have your postcard from the secretaries of the Society of Anti-
quaries as to enlisting public interest in the pursuits of the society,
and also the circular for Wednesday suggesting that popular lectures
should be essayed to that end. I do not think I can attend the
meeting, and perhaps it is as well that I should not for I am, to say
the least, doubtful whether either the idea or the plan suggested for
carrying it out is desirable. In my view the Society would be more
efficient if it were a smaller society possessing a larger proportion of
members with special qualifications and tastes, and I think that they
should be occupied in researches and in investigating and recording
antiquarian facts not in a popular and superficial but in a dry correct
and lasting way. It seems to me that we are already deterioriating
in standing and efficiency by having too many ornamental members
and too few antiquaries. I think we already run too many shows,
are reported quite enough in the local papers, and do too little useful
work. I venture to submit "that not only is it outside our duty as a
Society of Antiquaries to dish up old facts or fictions for popular con-
sumption, but that to do so would tend still further to reduce our
already low standard of work and production.'

The chairman said as it was proposed to discuss the matter at a future
meeting, I had intended reserving my remarks until then, but as Mr.
Dendy's letter had been read, I may as well say that I totally disap-
proved of any departure from our role as a learned society, which lay in
the careful collection of materials for history, certainly not in popular
lectures.

260

MISCELLANEA.

The following document, which Mr. Nelson, in whose collection it is,
thinks is in the handwriting of John Buddie, l is endorsed 'Mr. Mowbray' s
account of the Wharfage, &c., at Blythe, county of Northumberland.'
Mr. Mowbray was the agent of the bishop of Durham :

A. A Quay Public^House and three Cottages called Steath House (or
Steath House Quay) of which Jos. Gatty and Willm. Waller were Lessees
under the Lord Bishop of Durham. Gatty and Waller about five years
ago were Bankrupts, when these premises were Purchased by Sir Mattw.
White Ridley, Bart.

REMARKS.

When Gatty and Waller were in Possession these Premises were of
considerable Value, being the Quay or Steath for shipping the Coals,
worked at Bedlington Colliery — but when purchased by Sir Matthew
the Colliery was laid in. — It seems now to be used for a Quay where Ran
Limestones are delivered for the use of the neighbouring Farmers (for
which the vessells pay one Shilling per arm: for delivering them) the
Farmers pay 2/6 per ton for the stones," sometimes Timber and Iron are
delivered there. As I am informed Sr. Mattw. does not at Present
receive above £12 per annum from these Premises, but if the Colliery
should again be opened this Wharfage, Anchorage, &c., would be of
considerable Value.

Sherburn, 12thNovr 1797

Arthur Mowbray.

l See life of him in Welfare's Men of Mark 'turixt Tyne and Tweed, i. 425.

Proc. Soc. Antiq. Newc. 3 ser. i.

To face page 261.

MANOK HOUSE, FOBMEBLY THE BESIDENCE OP THE CABB FAMILY.

CHUKCH ABOUT 1820, FBOM A CONTKMPOBABY WATEB-COLOUB DBAWING.

ST. HELENS AUCKLAND.

261

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES

OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE.
3 SEE., VOL. I. 1904. No. 28.

The third afternoon meeting of the season was held on the 29th day of
September, 1904, at

ST. HELEN'S AUCKLAND, AND ESCOMBE.

Members and friends assembled at Bishop Auckland railway station
at 3 p.m. on the arrival of the train leaving Newcastle at T45 p.m.,
and proceeded, in the conveyance which was awaiting them, to

ST. HELEN'S AUCKLAND.

Before reaching the church, the interesting seventeenth century
mansion-house, the ancient seat of the Carrs, was passed ; of this family
was Cuthbert Carr,1 one of the defenders of Newcastle, who built the
older portion of the house. His epitaph is to be found in the church,
where he was buried in front of the communion table, as follows : —
Cuthbertus Carre de Aukland | Sanctse Hellenae Armigr | obiit 18 die
Decemb' Anno ^Etatis suse 79 | AfLo Dni 1697.' In the register his
burial is thus recorded : ' Cuthbert Carr buried on the xxth day of
December, 1697.' He was one of the governors of Bishop Auckland
grammar-school, having been elected by the governors, in place of
Richard Lilburn, on 7 June, 1661 ; he of ten attended the'meetmgs, and
signed the minute book. At the close of the eighteenth century the
house was occupied by a sisterhood of Teresian nuns.

At the church members were met by the Rev. J. V. Kemp, vicar of
Escombe, who, in the unavoidable absence of the Rev. J. Roscamp,
described the church. The very interesting registers and the com-
munion plate were shewn in the parvise over the porch now used as a
vestry. On previous visits of members, the 'church was described
by the Rev. J. F. Hodgson, vicar of Witton-le-Wear ; for which
see these Proceedings (n. 98, and vn. 63). The communion plate
and bells are described in volume iv, pages 22 and 24, respectively.
The following curious entry, written by the curate, is in one of the
registers: ' Edward Wright" the lawyer, was buried the 11th day of
May, 1647. * Woe unto lawyers, for ye have taken away the key of
knowledge : yee entered not in yourselves, and them that were entering

i For a full and complete account of him, see hia life in Welford's MtnofMark
twixt Tyne and Tweed, I, 469.

262

in yee kindred.' Luke 11, v. 52. ' Ye have, namely, by your arts and
usurpation, ye have appropriated unto yourselves the power of ex-
pounding the law of God ; captivating men's consciences to your
opinions, and spoyling them of all liberty of judgment and knowledge.
By the Rev. and godly divine Mr. John Diodati, minister of the gospel,
and now living in Geneva.' Another entry informs us that on the night
of the 4 February, 1647, ' onr glorious King Charles laid ' at Christopher
Dobson's2 house in Bishop Auckland.

In the graveyard is a small tombstone bearing the pathetic inscription:
' POOR CHARLES | died March the | 9th, 1785.' °The tradition is that
it refers to a poor negro, and that a woman in the village erected
the memorial from pity.

In 1303 the metes and bounds of common of pasture between the
subjects of the king and those of Bek, bishop of Durham, were fixed.
At the vill of St. Helen Auckland, West Auckland and Lotrington,
they were from the moor of Brusteldon to the ' sikel ' ' of Quere,' to
Ronedick, and thence to West Auckland and St. Helen Auckland, the
fish-pond of Wydop to be in common for the cattle of the said vills.
The vill of St. Helen Auckland granted forty feet on each side of their
' loning,' to enlarge as towards the north wood, and the three parts of the
whole field of Walter de Berrrteton, lying nearest to the vill of St. Helen
Auckland, for commoning throughout the year for all manner of cattle,
the common of pasture of the fourth part remaining in the hands of
Walter, after the crop had been carried away. A field towards Witton is
also mentioned, in a ' loning ' leading towards Witton between two oaks,
the Crookedoak and the Broadoak. The field of Thomas de Bolton
and William Dodde, as being the outlet for Escum and from Northeland
is also referred to.4

In the seventeenth century William Gargrave of ' St. Elin Auckland,'
appears amongst the recusants.

The following are a few notes, from different sources, relating to the
church and its ministers : —

On 17 January, 1533-4, John Heron appeared before the Court and
said that Henry Dickson was not a man of good name as he ' did
breake the churche of West Awkelande, and toke forthe of the same a
chalice and certayne bookes and money,' for which he did open penance.

After the rebellion of 1569, on the second Sunday in Advent, John
Burnop of St. Helen's Auckland, was examined respecting the saying of
mass in the church there, by 'on Georg White,preist.' This man went into
the pulpit, and preaching against the established religion,' he willed them
to revert to the church of Roome ; and therupon he red absolucion in the
Pop his nayme to all the people.' Amongst those present was ' Mestres
Eden,' wife of Sir Robert Eden, who sat in the quire, ' usyng such rever-
end gestur as was commonly used at masse.' This was confirmed by
other witnesses. In 1588 Sir Peter Tayler was charged by William
Whitmore, gen., for defamation, he having said to Mrs. Whitmore that

2 Christopher Dobson was an important man in his time, being churchwarden,
trustee of Cosins's charity, &c. The tombstone to the memory of his wife, inscribed
'To the memory of Anne, wife of Christopher Dobson, Decem. 23, 1641,' now under the
east window of St. Andrew Auckland church, is the oldest one in the churchyard.

3 In the cathedral church at Aix-la-Chapelle, is a slab inscribed with the equally
simple inscription CAROI.O MAGNO. Let us hope that 'Poor Charles' rests as
quietly in the peaceful and retired graveyard of St. Helen's Auckland, as the • Great
Charles ' (Charlemagne) rests in the magnificent church at Aix. Both epitaphs contrast
strongly with the long and fulsome inscriptions of more modern times,
< Reg. Pal. Dun. IT, 33.

263

her ' husband is an undewtifull subject to his^Prince, and he loks for
the day of popery. . . .but you will be deceyved.' This was proved by
witnesses. 5

At the chancellor's visitation of 6 February, 1578, William Caise, the
unlicensed curate of St. Helen's chapel, John Burnet, the parish clerk,
and William Browne, John Burnehop, and Gerard Vicars, the church-
wardens, were present. At the chancellor's visitation cf 29th July of the
same year, the said curate was excused tha task (the gospel of St.
Matthew). He was also present at the general chapter held in Auckland
St. Andrew's church on the 28 January, 1579. On 8 March of the same
year, the office of the judge against Umfrey Humble and Thomas
Hogeson who refused to pay I2d. for absence from church, the case was
dismissed. In August, 1580, office of the judge against Jane Lazenby,
widow, William Lazonby, Cecily Lazonby, wife of George Lazonby, and
Dorothy Lazonby, ' All theise did not receyve the hollye Communion
at Midsommer no we last past, by cause that Mr John Welburye and
George Lazenbye are not at concord.' To appear at Auckland.6

By his will of 20 June, 1584, Robert Eden of West Auckland, desired
to be buried ' within the queare of St. Ellyn's church ' ; he gave ' to
the poore men's boxe ther 3s. 4d.' He gave the lands which he had in
reversion in St. Ellen Auckland, being 10Z. a year, to his wife, if she shall
fortune to survive Mistres Constable.'15 The Edens are a family of some
antiquity in the county of Durham, the present head being Sir William
Eden of Windleston.7

On 30 January, 1633, John Vaux of St. Helen's, clerk, who had been
curate from 1616, appeared on letters missive before the Court of High
Commission for sundry misdemeanors. The articles against him were
that he had yearly exposed for sale certain almanacks8 which lay on
the communion table, had ' practized the art of casting of figures, thereby
pretending he could tell what was becomen of stolen goodes, which he
did sometymes at the communion table, and did make and contrive
scurulous libells and epigrams. Many witnesses were examined. Joseph
Cradock, gent., one of them, said when he was at service on a Sunday
forenoon he saw ' a companie of litle small bookes lyinge upon the
communion table, etc., he knew Vaux wase indited before his Majestys
justices itenerrant ' for casting of figures and found guilty, he told him
that notwithstanding he would still continue and would justify the
same by scripture to be lawful. ' Did not Samuell tell Saul what was
becomen of his father's asses.' Another witness said Vaux told him he
was as much entitled to his fee of 5s. as any lawyer. Vaux shewed him
a written book in which were verses against Sir George Tonge, knight,
such as

' All deep tuned bells calls Tonge that upstart knight,
But there be few or none that cann sound justice right,'

Sir Charles Wrenn, knight, of Binchester, and divers other gentlemen,
He sent the witness a paper and he ' did therein tearme this examinate
to bacon, and said, he would never doe good till he were hanged.' Other

5Dep. & Eccl. Proc. (21 Surt, Soc. pnbl.), 49, 181, 330.
6 Eccl. Proc. of Bishop Barnes, (22 Surt. Soc. publ.), 45, 60, 75, 95, 115, 127.

7 Wills »fc Inv., II (38 Surt. Soc. publ.), 105 & n.

8 Iu possession of Mr. Ralph Nelson of Bishop Auckland, is one of the little
almanacks, similar to those sold by the vicar in 1633. This, however, is of a later date
(1665). A title page in the middle of the little pamphlet reads :—' Vaux, 1665. j A
PROGNOSTICATION | or | an appendix to the precedent Calendar for | this piesent
Year of Grace, 1C65, &c., &c. | Composed by John VauxtoJ Bishop Auck- \ land, Well-
wisher to the Mathematicians. | London : Printed by A. Maxwell for | the Company
of STATIONERS, 1665.'

264

witnesses saidthat they had gone to Vaux and paid him.f ees,one touching
a horse course, and which horse would win the match, etc., etc. One
man who had lost a mare said Vaux told him to go to Peddams Oak
where he would find it, which he^did, but Vaux would take no pay.
Many other witnesses were examined, their evidence being to like pur-
port.^ It is all set out in the records of the Court of High Commission
for Durham. On 7 November the Court decided that the case had been
proved, and^the^vicar was suspended for three years and ordered to be
imprisoned in Durham gaol during the pleasure of the commissioners
and to pay costs. On' 12 December he was released. On 29 April, 1634,
Mr. Robert Cowper, the curate in charge pro tempore, petitioned the
court for ' some competent percion of the stipend . . for his serveinge the
cure.' The commissioners ordered that owing to the poverty of Vaux,
who had no othertmeans or livelihood to maintain himself, his wife, and
children, Lhe should have 4Z. a year and should ' accept of the house
and churchyard at 40s. in part thereof,' and that Mr. Cowper have the
rest of the stipend. On 11 December Vauxjpetitioned for restitution,
and the commissioners after mature deliberation and of ' the want of
Vaux which he had endured since his suspension,' decreed to absolve
him ; and on 19 March, 1635, he was dismissed finally.' 9
&_ On 12 August, 1633, John Vaux, the curate, who was then 58, gave
evidence in a case in the same court against Marie Daniell, a spinster,
for adultery with John Eden, esquire. In the same case Lamp ton
Downes of Evenwood, who had married a daughter of Eden gave
evidence of what he saw on Easter Sunday on their return from St.
Helen's Auckland chapel. Mary Daniel submitted and was ordered to
confess her offence in four different churches, one of them being St.
Helen's Auckland church on Sundays ' in lining apparrell, bare head
& foot,' and pay a fine of 201. 10

On 26 October, 1673, Officium Domini against Anthony Applebey,
Margery Bowes, John Winter, and Catherine his wife, Barbara Wain-
man, Anthony Gargrave, Margaret Dickinson, and Elizabeth Dickinson,
for absenting themselves from church, being Papists. At Michaelmas,
1681, Archdeacon Granville held a visitation in the church.11

At the time of bishop Chandler's visitation, 'supposed in 173G/ Mr.
Taylor was curate of 'S. Hellen.' There were 246 families in the
chapelry, of which one was Anabaptist, and two were Quakers. There
were no papists.

The Rev. Richard Taylor, the curate [1722-1768], replied to the
bishop of Durham's queries of 1 May, 1758, that he resided personally
and constantly upon his cure, and in the curate's house ; that he had
no assistant ; that he ' read the Publick Service every Lord's Day, with
Sermon in the forenoon twixt ten & twelve, and the Evening Service
immediately after two, every day in Lent and every Holy Day thro out
the year ' ; that ' Thro out Lent and as oft on Sunday Evenings as any
children come to be examined, and on Wedensdays and Fridays thro

9 Court of High Comm. (34 Surt. Soc. publ.), 34-42, 44-48. It is thus recorded in the
register :— 'Mr. John Vaux our Minister was suspended from his Ministrie vpon
Thursday the seventh day of Nouember, 1633.' Thisisfollowed by ' Mr. John Vaux our
Minister (who was suspended from his ministrie vpon Thursday the seventh day of
JNouember 1633) was absoluecl and restored to his'Ministiie again vpon Thursday the
xith day of december 1634 during which time Mr. Robert Cowper of Durham serued in
his place & left out diuers Christnings vniecorded & regestred others disorderly'.

This is signed by John Vaux.

10 According to an entry in the register there was 'giuen by Mr. John Eden,
esquire, for a commutation of his offence with Mary Daniel, v'i.'

HZ>«an Granville's Letters, <fcc., u (47 Surt. Soc. publ.), 83, 214.

265

Lent ; ' that there were ' above 200 Familes in the Parish, and on Good
Friday 80, on Easter Day about the same number of Communicants ' ;
and that there was ' a Register Book of parchment for Christenings,
Burials, and Marriages regularly kept according to Cannon and Law in
that case provided.' L*

On 24 September, 1780, the Rev. William Ironside, the curate
[1780-1785] gave ' Wm Mallum, Yeoman, West Auckland, and James
Handby, Blacksmith, Evenwood,' as the papists in the chapelry. 12

In a petition to the bishop, the Rev. James Todd, the sub-curate,
asks the bishop for ' a small augmentation of his salary .... Thirty
Pounds per year being the utmost extent of his Income without the
benefit of one Mite from Weddings, Churchings, or Burials, the salary
being so small and having a Sickly Wife and small children,' that he
' cannot live on it though in the most parsimonious manner without a
derogation to the Cloth.' He concludes by trusting to the bishop's
' pious care and Heaven long continue your Lordship an ornament to
the Church and Crown your Lordship with the reward of a glorious
Immortality.' The truth of the petition was vouched for by a number
of the parishioners including ' James James,' who, in sending the peti-
tion to the bishop, wrote a special letter on the subject, which is dated
17 June, 1785. About this time the curate, Mr. Ironside, was ' in so
precarious a State of Health that his Dissolution is very soon expected,'
and so the churchwardens, and a large number of the parishioners,
petitioned the bishop to appoint Mr. Todd, 'who had been sub-curate
for more than ten years,' to the living on the death of Mr. Ironsides.
It is stated in the petition that ' the Emoluments of the Living are
estimated at or about . . sixty pounds, out of which the said sub-curate
receives the low salary of thirty pounds, not only for his own Mainten-
ance, but also for that of a Wife and three small Children.' A veritable
case of ' passing rich on thirty pounds a year.' The petition appears
to have had effect, as on the death of Mr. Ironsides shortly after, Mr.
Todd was appointed to the curacy. His troubles do not appear to
have been ended by his appointment, for on 14 September, 1808, he
wrote to the bishop asking him to pardon any blunders as his ' head
was much confused for want of sleep, and on account of the long delay
in a suit against the tithe improprititors and others, ' in so much my
Right being so long with held, makes me feel Food and Raiment of very
difficult acquisition, and a clergyman in Debt does not meet with that
Respect due to his holy Function.' He then thanks the bishop for his
generous help, and continues ' I have often had thought of making
application to Lord Crewe's Trustees (as their fund is strong)' for an
allowance of 40Z. or 501. towards the ' expenses of repairing my old
House which in fact is become so ruinous, that it is with some difficulty
I can prevail with a Mason to go upon it to put me on a Tile, the roof is
so very much decay' d. . . .that when a strong west wind comes upon it,
the crackling noise it makes is truly frightful, in so much that we
cannot rest for fear of its falling in.' The action respecting the tithes
was against William Taylor, George Taylor,13 Luke Seymour and
William Robinson. They wrote to William Emm, the bishop's resident
agent, on 23 September, 1808, denying that anything was due, as the
claim had been made when the lands were not under crops, and that the
claim resolved itself into one of agistment only. *~

Even as late as 1834 when the Rev. Matthew Chester was the curate,

12 From the MSS. in the collection of Air. Ralph Nelson of Bishop Auckland,
is George Taylor was the father of the well-known Sir Henry Taylor, and biographer
of Surtees.

266

the clear yearly value of the living was only 134Z., but by deed dated 13
September of that year, a copy of which was deposited in the bishop's
registry, the bishop of Durham (Van Mildert) annexed unto the perpetual
curacy for the purpose of augmenting the stipend, several plots of land
in the township of North Bondgate in Bishop Auckland, of which the
clear annual value was 802. The mines and minerals were excepted
from the grant.12 These lands became valuable. The workhouse
stands on a part of them.

Members again took their places in the carriage, and the journey was
resumed to

ESCOMBE,

where^the extremely interesting early Saxon church, built of ' diamond-
broached, tooled and other stones from the Roman camp at Binchester,
was examined under the guidance of Mr. Kempe, the vicar, who read
a few notes on the structure, including some letters from professor
Baldwin-Brown, who is of the opinion that the chancel arch was removed
bodily from the Roman camp and re-erected in pre-conquest times in the
church ; he also pointed out the peculiarity in the lintel of the north door,
'as a Roman survival,' and compares a Romar. doorway at Cilurnum with
it ; 'in Saxon work it occurs in the northern archway of the two Saxon
ones in Britford church near Salisbury.' In a second letter professor
Brown notes that ' the stones forming the imposts of the chancel arch
are not of the same thickness, that on the south being the thicker of the
two. That is to say a portion of the upright jamb is cut out jf the
impost stone under the chamfer on the south, while en the north side
the chamfer comes down to the bottom of the stone. . . .The point is of
some interest as the arrangement occurs in Roman work.' The building
has been more than once described in the transactions of the society, and
members are referred to Arch. Aeliana, vin, 281, and x, 90, and to these
Proc. m, 42, and vn, 53. See als--; the Reliquary for April, 1904, (vol
vin, No. 2) for a description <A the building by Mr. C. C. Hodges which
professor Ba'dwin-Brown thinks ' quite the best written account of the
church '

Members did not see the old registers, as they were away for the purpose
of being copied with a view to publication, but the communion plate
was examined. A description of this may be seen in these Proceedings
(iv, 16.).

The following are a few notes, from different sources, relating to
Esccmb : —

John de Escomb received the first tonsure from the hands of Richard,
bishop of Bisaccia, acting for the bishop of Durham, at Auckland, on
21 December, 1342.

In queen Elizabeth's time the college of Akelande was dissolved and
in the queen's hands, but was of the patronage and gift of the bishop of
Durham ; in it were the prebends of West Auckland, which was worth,
according to the Clams Ecclesiastica, vij7. iiijs. [30Z.], and of Escombe, xZ.
' St. Helynes Akelande [a chappel to South Church],' and Escombe also
a chapel to South Church, being without incumbents were served by
stipendiary priests.

At the chancellor's visitation of 6 February, 1578, Thomas (blank),
curate of ' Eskeham,' was excused ; Richard Burrell and James Addison,
the churchwardens, attended. At the chancellor's visitation of 29th
July, 1578, the task being the Gospel of St. Matthew, Thomas Man, the

Proc. Soc. Antiq. Newc. 3 ser. I.

To face page 266.

INTERIOR OF ESCOMBE CHURCH LOOKING EAST, BEFORE RESTORATION.
From a photograph by Mr. A. L. Steavunson of Holywell Hall, Durham.

267

curate of Escomb, was excused. He was present at the general chapter
of 28 June, 1579. On 8 March, 1578-9, the office of judge against John
Thompson and Ralph Downes, churchwardens, ' They lacke the Postils.'
They also lacked ' my Lord's Monicions.' In April, 1579, the office of the
judge against Cuthbert Harrisone and Anthony Maddisone, ' They were
at varyaunce aboute a stall in the churche to the moste unquietnes of
the people beinge ther present the 15 daye of Marche, being Sunday,
1578.' It was proved to be true and therefore they were suspended.1

By his will of 25 November 1584, ' Henry Dowenes,' of the parish of
Escombe, desired to be buried in the parish church of St. Andrew
Auckland. The different articles of clothing, etc., given to various
people are set out ; for instance, to his brother Robert Baynes, his 'raper
with hingers,' to his brother Raphe Dowens, his best ' morray britches '
and 'a paire of blewe boote hoose,' his girdle and dagger, to Edward
Lynne, his long sword. Ralph Downes, his brother, to whom he left 10s.
by his v/ill of 6 June, 1588, desired to be buried in the church of Escomb,
to the poor of which place he gave 12s. These were members of a
respectable family of yeomen settled at Escombe and Evenwood.2

Thomas Trotter, B.A., was ordained deacon in 1661 at York, and
appointed to the curacy of Escomb.0 On 18 May, 1673, Offlcium
Domini against Thomas Trotter, churchwarden, for not conferring
about presentments. In 1688 the declaration of the accession of William
of Orange was read in ' Escam ' Church.4

At the time of bishop Chandler's visitation in 1736, Mr. Smith was
curate of Escomb. There were 35 families in the chapelry, of which
four were Anabaptists. There were no papists.

Thomas Capstick, who was at the time curate of Escomb, replied to
the queries of the bishop -A Durham of 16 May, 1801. He stated that
he resided constantly at Bishop Auckland, a mile distant from his cure,
and he had a curate named George Mounsey in priest's orders, who
served his cure at Escomb, for which and for his assistance at St.
Andrew Auckland, he allowed him 30Z. a year, ' the duty performed in
the church of Escomb is Three Sundays in the month, between the
hours of Two and Four o'clock in the aftermon ' : thgt there was no
house belonging t-. the curate of Escomb ; that the parish register,
according to the form the bishop recommended at his visitation in 1797,
was ' duly kept & a fair & accurate copy of it annually transmitted to
the Registrar according to the Injunction of the 70th canon,' that there
were no papists or popish priests resident in the parish ; that there
were ' no Methodists nor Dissenters of any Rank in the Parish .... nor
any Persons (to my knowledge) who profess to disregard Religion or
who totally absent themselves from public worship ' ; and that there
was only one small unendowed school in the village consisting of about
20 young children of both sexes, ' The Master jf which has a good moral
Character & instructs them in the Principles of the Christian Religion
according to the Doctrines of the Church of England.'5

Escc-mb was held with St. Andrew Auckland until 1827 when Robert
Thompson, master of the Auckland Grammar School, was appointed to
the chapelry. He held it until 1847, when he was succeeded by the
honble. Lewis William Denman, a son of lord Denman, being succeeded
in his turn in 1848 by Henry Atkinson. The Rev. T. E. Lord followed in

1 Ecel. Proc. of Sithop Barnet, 2, 3, 60, 95, 115, 118, 9.

2 Wills <k Inv. II (38fSurt. Soc. publ.), 106, 7 & 9.

s Bithop Cosiris Corresp. II (55 Surt. Soc. publ.), 35.

4 Dean Oranville's Letters, etc., II (47 Surt. Soc. publ.), 147, 224.

« From the MS. in the collection of Mr. R. Nelson.

268

1867 and was incumbent for 30 years. Many members will remember
him as the repairer of the Saxon church in which he took such intense
interest. At his death in 1897, the present vicar, the Rev. J. V. Kemp,
was appointed to the living.

Mr. H. W, Thorburn of Bishop Auckland,|has in his^possession a
quarter noble of Edward III, found near Escomb in 1888.6

After thanking Mr. Kemp for his kindness in acting as guide to the
party, both at his own church and at that of St. Helen's Auckland,
Escombe was left, and most of the visitors were driven to Bishop
Auckland, which they left by trains for their respective destinations.

Amongst those present were Dr. and Mrs. Laws, and Mr. R. S. Nisbet,
of Newcastle ; Mr. and Mrs. H. T. Rutherford, and Mr. T. and the
Misses (2) Williamson, of North Shields; Mrs. C. Hopper of Croft; Mr.
Sainty of Hartlepool ; Mr. and Mrs. Edleston, Miss Edleston, Mr. W. H.
Wardell, Mr. S. M. Wardell and Miss K. Wardell, from Gainford ; Mr.
H. W. Thorburn and Mr. John Thompson, of Bishop Auckland ; and
Mr. R. Blair and Miss Gladys Blair, of Harton.

6 Transactions of the Weardale Naturalists' Club, i, 183.

MISCELLANEA.

The Scottish Historical Review for October, 1904 (p. Ill), contains,
amongst other able articles, one on the Scottish peerage, and also a
review (p. Ill) of an article in the American Historical Review for
July, 1904, which Dr. Lapsley, the well-known writer of the able work
on the Durham palatinate, has recently contributed to that review on
' cornage ' and * drengage.' He discusses the Durham evidence, and
explains cornage as a mere incident of unfree tenure, or a seigniorial
due not incumbent on the whole of the bishopric, but occurring only
in vills which had pasture. In other words, it was a payment for the
agistment of cattle on the lord's land, such payment having been first
rendered in kind and afterwards by a composition in money. In the
twelfth century it became a burdon on the soil. In the time of Henry I
the men of Northumberland regarded cornage simply and solely as a
burden or service inherent on their tenure.

The October part of The Reliquary has recently been issued. Under
the able editorship of Mr. Romilly Allen it keeps up its reputation.
Amongst many articles, all well illustrated, is one on pre-Norman
remains in the Dovedale district, including the standing crosses in
Ham churchyard ; another article deals with the ' Medallic portraits
of Christ.' But the most interesting is the paper by Mr. W. G. Collihg-
wood, with illustrations from photographs by members of the party,
being an account of 'the very successful trip][to the Hebrides of the
Cumberland society, in Whitsun week of this year, when not only lona
but the ''more distant and out of the way islands, on which are early
remains, were visited.

CORRECTION.

Page 226, line 1 of note, for ' feet ' read '.inches.'

269

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES

OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE.

3 SEB., VOL. I. 1904. No. 29.

The ordinary monthly meeting of the society was held in the library
of the Castle, Newcastle, on Wednesday, the 26th day of October, 1904,
at seven o'clock in the evening, Mr. Richard Welford, M.A., one of the
vice-presidents, being in the chair.

Several accounts, recommended by the Council for payment, were
ordered to be paid.

The following ORDINARY MEMBER was proposed and declared duly
elected : —

George Lovaine Kerr Pringle, M.D., Whitley, Northumberland.

The following NEW BOOKS, &c., were placed on the table : —

Presents, for which thanks were voted : —

From Mr. Thomas Chandler of Newcastle : — The Registers of Morden,
Surrey, (Par. Reg. Soc.) 8vo.

From Mr. Matthew Mackay : — Proceedings of the Berwickshire
Naturalists Club for 1853, 8vo.

From the Royal Numismatfc Society : — The Numismatic Chronicle,
two parts (to complete this society's set).

From Mr. W. Crake, Holmeside, Sunderland : — A framed portrait of
the Rev. Jas. Everett, an early member of the society, who pre-
sented to it most of the fine carved oak furniture in the castle.

From Mr. Edgar A. Lee : — Four large photographs, three of them
being views, from different points, of the Plummer tower, and
one of the Blackgate shewing the portions recently uncovered
next the Side.

Exchanges : —

From the Bristol and Gloucestershire Archaeological Society : —

Transactions for 1903, xxvi, ii, 8vo.
From the Royal Numasmatic Society : — The Numismatic Chronicle,

4 ser., no. 15, 8vo.
From the Thuringian Historical Society : — Zeitschrift, N.S. xiv, ii,

and xv, i., 8vo.
Purchases: — The Parish Registers of Tynemouth, pp, 121-260;

The Jahrbuch of the Imp. Germ. Arch. Institute ; The Reliquary

and The Antiquary for October, 1904 ; Notes and Queries, Nos.

40-43 ; and The Scottish Historical Review, parts i-v, large 8vo.

270

^.TOn the][recommendation of the council it was decided to purchase
The House of Percy, by Gerald Brenan, for 10s. ; and The House of
Douglas, by Sir Herbert Maxwell, bart., for the same sum ; and Bede,
by Canon Rawnsley, published in cloth at 2s. 6d.

DONATIONS TO THE MUSEUM.

Thanks were voted for the following^gifts : —

From Dr. T. M. Allison : — A specimen of an old Northumbrian flail

from Whitfield.

£_ Dr. Allison thus described it : — The Northumbrian flail which 1 have
much pleasure in presenting to the society, was obtained for me by Mr.
Hall at Whitfield, fourteen miles west of Hexham. It answers to the
description given in Mr. Heslop's Northumberland Words, which is as
follows : — ' The Northumberland flail consists of a ' handstaff ' 3ft. 9in.
to 4ft. long, having a smooth eye in the end. Through this eye, and
through a loop of cow-hide lashed to the end of a moveable arm, passes
a leather ' couplin.' The moveable arm is 3ft. long, and is called the
4 swingle ' or ' soople.' The loop of cow-hide is called the ' heudin,'
and its lashing is held by being passed through two holes in the end.
The ' handstatf ' is of ash, peeled smooth. The ' soople ' is made of any
tough wood having the bark left on.' The only slight additions one
can add to the above description, are to draw attention to the way the
' couplin ' is secured by passing one end through a slit in the other
extremity, and forcing through a hole in the threaded end, a wooden
peg, constricted in its middle. This wooden peg securing the single
strap of leather as described, is typical of Cumberland and Northum-
berland, while the perforated handstaff is characteristic of Northum-
berland, Cumberland, and Scotland generally. In the museum of
the society are two Northumbrian flails which differ from this example
in having iron swivels, instead of the perforation or eye at the end of
the handstaff, and they are probably of more recent date. I therefore
thought the society might like what one may term a typical example of
the old-fashioned threshing implement formerly common in the county.

From Mr. Philip Truttman : — (i) A 'large dagger or Machete ; and
(ii) A short knife or Cuchilla, in sheath ; in use in the Argentine
republic, South America. They are interesting from the cir-
cumstance that their prototypes were introduced into the new
world by the Spanisu conquerors in the fifteenth century.
' They have played a deadly part in South American life for
the past four centuries, and are still much used by the semi-
barbarous inhabitants of the Buenos Ayres pampas, locally called
Gauchos.'

From prof. Adolf de Ceuleneer of Ghent, hon. member : — (i) Nine
billon coins of the Spanish period in the Netherlands, part of a
large hoard discovered in Bouilbn, prov. Luxembourg. They
are * paons,' ' escalins,' ' three sol pieces', &c., of Philip 11 and iv,
and of Albert and Isabella, and were struck at Antwerp, Bruges,
and Brussels ; and (ii) A core and chip of obsidian from Guate-
mala.

R. Blair (secretary) : — A large amphora handle, and the frag-
ment of^ a potter's name in a circle on Samian ware, the letters
D. . . .vs only remaining; both from St. Stephen's churchyard,
South Shields, which is at a very short distance from the west
rampart of the Roman camp. .

271

EXHIBITED : —

By Dr. C. C. Burman of Alnwick, a rare small quarto tract of 1641X
entitled ' The Articles | or, | charge exhibited in | Parliament
against D. Cozens | of Durham, Anno 1641.' Below is a fac-
simile of the title page slightly reduced, and on p. 272, the first
page of the tract. The prceedings are fully set out in the action,
for preaching a seditious sermon, against that 'turbulent pre-
bendary,' Peter Smart, in the Court of High Commission at
Durham,1 where the whole twenty-one articles are printed in full.

1 34 Surt. Soc. publ., pp. 197-250.

ARTYcLES

CHARGE

EXHIBITED IN

Parliament agaiaft D.CozEWs

ttf + i«

London , Pouted. 16 &t*

272

THE

CHARGE

AGAIMST DOCTOR

COZENS, conlifting of thefe

feverall ARTICLE s.

Hat he was the firft man that cauied the
Communion Table in the Chuieh of
Durban , to be removed andfet Altar-
wife3 in the ereftiflg and beautifying wher-
of, fee. (bcingthcn Trcaforer) expended two hundred
poands,

Tim he ufed to officiate at the Weft fide thereof
turning his back to the people*

That he uied extraordinary bowing to it.

That he compelled others to doe it, ufing violence
to the pei fans of them that refufed fo to doc ; for in^
ftance , once fame omitting it > he comes out of "his
Seat, domi to the Seat where they fate, being Gen-
tlewomen, called them Whores and Jades, and Pa-
gans, and the like unfcemly words, and reotfomcof
their Clothes.

A 2 That

By Mr. C. T. Trechmann, a large collection of flint implements
discovered by him in the counties of Durham and Northumber-
land. ' They have all been found, except a few from the fell
top at Allendale, in well-defined areas on the coast, principally
in the limestone gorge district to the north of Hartlepool, the
best locality being a piece of bared ground near Horden station.
Five or six very fine arrow heads and some scrapers were found
here. Several flakes and scrapers have been found between
Newbiggen and^Cresswell,

273

By Mr. George Irving :-— A small sandstone mortar, 5in. high and 8in.
in diameter, found~recently at the Red Barns, Newcastle. It is
octagonal in shape. On three of its sides are the initials in script
J.G. and M.W. and Anno 176 — .' The illustration shews it.

By Messrs. Balfour and Sons, of Newcastle : — A small iron axe head
5ins. long by 3£ins. wide at the cutting edge. Its age is uncertain,
but it was found in a mud deposit, eleven feet below the present
ground level, at Bawtry in Yorkshire. (See illustration.)

By : — A damascened steel helmet, apparently Chinese, made

in the form of a mask with horns and pendent chain mail.
Similar examples are given in Elworthy's Horns of Honour.

By R. Blau\> (one of the secretaries) : — An impression of a Roman
denarius in very fine condition, of the Calpurnian family [about

274

89 B.C.] found on the beach at South Shields in what is locally
known as the 'wave trap' justrwithin the 'Fish 'pier.' — Ob v.
laureated head of Apollo to right, before it a moneyer's mark";
rev. a horseman galloping to the right holding a palm branch :
in exergue, L piso FRVG | cxxxxv.

By Mr. Maberly Phillips, F.S.A. : — Two straw splitters used in Hert-
fordshire. The bone straw splitters recently presented to the
society by Mr. Gould (p. 257) were also placed on the table, and
Mr. Phillips, with some unsplit straws, illustrated the way in
which they would be used.

Mr. Phillips said * the first splitter that he exhibited was of wood,
shaped something like a lady's watch-stand, in the face were several
perforations in which were fixed small knives or cutters, the number
of such cutters varying in each perforation, three being the lowest
and eight the highest number with which the straw could be split.
The other splitters were of metal, about the thickness of a penholder
and some three inches long. The head was bent over and small
cutters fixed, each splitter having a different number of cutters, three
being the lowest and seven the highest. Mr. Phillips stated that
fifty years ago, when he first visited Hertfordshire, every woman he
saw was plaiting straws, but now it is a very rare sfght, the ' plait '
being imported at a price that makes home work unremunerative.
When finished the plait was passed through small wooden rollers, con-
structed on the principle of the wringing machines of the present day.
By Mr. E. Hunter* (per Mr. C. H Blair) : — A deed of 25 May, 1499,
being a grant of a tenement in * le flescherraw,' Newcastle, by
John Underwood to John Penrith.

The following transcript and translation by the chairman, were read
by him : —

'Sciant p'sentes et futuri q'd ego Johannes Underwood executor
testame'ti et ultimo voluntat' Roberti Cleugh nup' de villa Noui Castri
sup' tinam m'catoris defunct' dedi co'cessi et hac p'senti carta mea
confirmaui Johanni Penreth de eadem villa m'catori totu' illam ten't
cum suis p'tin' et implement' viz. duo brewledds unu'armariol'2 et duo
lect' voc' standyng bedds sicut jac' in diet' villa in vico vocat le flescher
raw inter ten't Roberti Watson pictoris ex p'te boriali et ten't p'tin'
ministro et confr' de le Walknoll nup' in tenur' Joh'ne ley 11 carnif
ex p'te austral' et extend' se a via regia ante ex p'te occidental! usque
gardin' p'tin' cantarie S'ti Eligy in eccl'ia Omn' S'torum diet' villa
Noui Castri in tenur' Joh'e Coytan allutar'3 retro ex p'te oriental'
Quod quid'm ten't cu' suis p'tin' nup' habui ex dono et legac'e diet'
Rob'ti Cleugh. Et quodfdict' Robertus nup' p'quisunt de Will'mo
Bell, nup' burg' diet' villa" Noui Castri. Et quod diet' Will'mo nup'
hab' ex dimissione Ricardi Wartir mag'r domus sive hospital' voc'
Walknoll infra diet' if villa Noui Castri prout in quibus indent uris
quar' dat est pen'lt die Maii Ao. Regni Regis Henrici Septem s'c'do
p. p'fat mag'r et confrat' diet* hospitali diet' Will'mo inde confect'
plenius apparet. H'end' et tenend' tot u'fp' diet' ten' turn cu' suis
p'tin' ret implementis^ p'dict"J p'fat' Johanni Penreth ihered' et
assignat' suis de festo Pentecost ultimo'p'dict' usque ad fine sexa-
ginta et octo anno' extunc prox' sequi' plenie^complend' de capit'
dom'ne feod' illius per s'uicia inde debit' et]de iure consuet'
Ulterius sciatis me p'fat Johanne Underwood remississe relaxasse
et om'ino p. me et heredibus meis quiet' clamasse p'fat' Johanni|Pen-
reth totu' jus meum et clamen', que uniqui hab'm habeo seu quouis-

* Almery, Almariqluni, a press or cupboard. a Allutarius, a leather dresser.

275

modo in futur' habere pot'' de et in toto illo ten'to cu'^suis p'tin' et
implementis p'diet.'^ Ita q'd nee ego p'fat' Johannes Underwood nee
heredes mei nee aliquis alius nom'meo aliquod ius titul' clamen' int'esse
et demand' in p'diet' ten't cu' suis p'tin' nee in aliqua p'cella eorund'
de cetero exigue clamare seu vendicare poterimus in futur'. Sed ab
omni aec'one juris clamei tituli interesse et demand' inde impost'
p'tendends totalit' sumis exclusi et quilibet nostrum sit exclusus p.
p'sentes. Et ego vero p'fat' Johannes Underwood et heredes mei
totu' p'diet' ten't'm cum omn'bus suis p'tin' et implementis p'diet'
p'fat' Johanni Penreth heredibus et assign' suis contra omni gentes
vvarrantizabimus et defend' durant' t'mino predict' In cuius rei testim'
huic p'senti carte mee sigill' meum opposuit. Dat' vicesimo quinto die
Mali Anno Regni Regis Henrici Septem post conq'm Anglie quarto
decimo.' ,

The following is the translation : —

' Know all men present and future, that I,;John Underwood, executor
of the testament and last will of Robert Cleugh, late of the town of
Newcastle-upon-Tyne, merchant, deceased, have given and granted,
and by this my present writing have confirmed, to John Penreth of
the same town of Newcastle, merchant, all that tenement with its
appurtenances and implements, namely two brewleads, one almery
and two beds called standing beds, as they lie in the said town, in a
street called the Flesher raw, between the tenement of Robert Watson,
painter, on the north, and the tenement belonging to the master
and brethren of the Wall Knoll, late in the tenure of John Leyll
[Lisle] butcher, on the south, and extending from the king's high-
way in front, on the west, unto the garden belonging to the chantry of
St. Elgy, in the church of All Saints in the said town of Newcastle, in
the tenure of John Coy tan, leather dresser, behind, on the east, which
tenement with its appurtenances I had lately by the gift and bequest
of the said Robert Cleugh, and which the said Robert lately bought of
William Bell, late burgess of the said town of Newcastle, which the
naid William lately had by demise of Richard Wartir, master of the
house or hospital called Wall Knoll, within the said town of New-
castle, as in a certain indenture, dated the penultimate day of May, in
•the second year of the reign of king Henry VII., made by the afore-
said master and brethren, more fully appears, To have and to
hold all the aforesaid tenement, with its appurtenances and imple-
ments aforesaid, to the said John Penreth, his heirs and assigns, from
the feast of Pentecost last unto the end of 68 years then next
following fully completed, of the chief lord of the fee by service due
and of right accustomed. [Usual covenants follow]. In witness
whereof to this present writing I have set my seal. Dated the 25th
of May, in the 14th year of the reign of king Henry after the con-
quest of England the seventh. (Seal missing. )'

Mr. Welford also read the following notes : —

'The site of the house and fixtures leased by this deed to John
Penreth is easily identified. Flesher Raw, as already explained
(Arch. Ael. xxm, p. 253), was the east part of the Side, extending
from the Cale cross at the foot of Allhallows Bank, now Akenside
Hill, to the Painter Heugh. The house had apparently formed
part of the property with which the fraternity at the Wall Knoll were
endowed, in 1363, by William Acton their founder. For, in the
foundation deed of the hospital (Bourne, Hist. Newcastle — Appendix),
Acton gives them, inter alia, an annual rent of 57s._4d., issuing out of a
tenement occupied by Robert Elward in the street called ' Fleshewer

276

Rawe,* lying between land of Thomas Kelson on the one side, and land
of John Abel on the other side ; also an annual rent of 10s. issuing out
of the tenement of Thomas Kelson ' opposite the Gale Cross.' It may
be assumed, therefore, that the house, with its brewleads, cupboard,
and standing beds, was in the lower part^of the street, near the Cale
Cross, designated, in other documents of^the period, ' Nether Flesher
Raw.'* Robert Cleugh, who bequeathed' his interest in the property
to John Underwood, does not appear in local history. We know from
the Feet of Fines relating to Newcastle in the sixteenth century, procured
for the County History Committee by our colleague Mr. Dendy, that a
representative of the family was living here and owning property a
hundred years later. ^Thus, in Michaelmas term, 1582, a fine was made
between Alexander^Cleughe, plaintiff, and John Rokbye, merchant,
and Jane his wife, of a messuage, a toft, a garden, an acre of land and an
acre of pasture in the parish of St. Andrew, Newcastle. In like manner
during the same term, a fine was made between John Hudson, merchant,
(whose will is one of the curiosities of the Rev. VV. Greenwell's collection,
— 38 Surt. Soc. publ. p. 101) plaintiff, and Alexander Cleughe, Alice his
wife and Jane Smythe, deforciants, of a messuage, a toft and a garden
in Newcastle, in a street called the Syde. Again, in 1599, Alexander
Cleughe is plaintiff, and Richard Tankarde and Jane his wife deforciants,
of six acres of meadow in Biker. Concerning the Penreths, or Penriths,
more information is available. According to Mr. C. J. Bates in our
Proceedings (vol ix, p. 230), John de Penrith was constable of Harbottle
castle in 1322. But the name does not occur in Newcastle annals till
1343, when Robert de Penreth was appointed one of the four bailiffs
of the town. Brand, in his list of bailiffs enters him as Robert Musgrave
de Penreth, but there is evidence in our Archaeologia (vol. xv, p. 204),
that he, or his printer, mixed up Penreth' s name with that of Robert
Musgrave, a previous and subsequent bailiff. During the municipal
year 1346-47, he was bailiff again, and then the burgesses honoured him
by sending him, as their representative, to the twenty- first parliament of
Edward III. His last balival term was the year 1349-50, and after that
we hear of him no more. Nor is the name of Penreth found in the rolls
of municipal office again for the better part of a century. But, in 1354,
Thomas de Penreth was instituted to the free chapel of Jesmond, and in
1375 John Penereth is found (Arch. Ael. vol. i, p. 65) dealing with
property at Corbridge. Then, in or about 1414, as recorded in Mr.
Crawford Hodgson's 'Proofs of Age' (Arch. Ael. vol. xxu, p. 116),
Robert Penreth, 36 years old, went to All Saints' church to hear a
' solemn sermon,' and having, from choice or necessity, to stand all the
time, was able to remember that sermon two and twenty years after-
wards, and to testify accordingly. In the meantime Newcastle had
been made a county, the four bailiffs had been superseded by a sheriff,
and municipal government had been established upon better founda-
tions. Under these altered conditions Thomas Penreth, draper,
tenant of a house in the Cloth Market belonging to the opulent Roger
Thornton, having, in 1430, sat as one of the jurors at the inq. p.m. of
that fifteenth century millionaire, was elected sheriff for the year 1434-35.
No more is heard of Mm beyond the description of his coat of arms in
Tonge's Visitation. But, in 1453, John Penreth became sheriff, and he
achieved honour equal to that of Robert, his presumed ancestor. For,
two years later, when the War of the Roses began, and Hotspur's son was

* At the dissolution of religious houses in 1539, the Wall Knoll brethren had five
burgages in Flesher Raw, held by different tenants, at the following rents :— Edward
Pearson, 6*. 8d. ; Kichard Kirkhouse, 8*. ; Margaret Taylor 10*. ; William Milner, 8«.
Kobert Wyneyerd, 8*.

277

slain, he was elected M.P. for Newcastle. The mayoralty followed in
1458, and at the end of it he wsa sent to Parliament again. Tae ii3xt
time we hear of him is in 1471, when, according to Brand, he and Peter
Bledy obtained a grant from the mayor and town of Newcastle of a
Close, called the Whyn Close in the north part of the castle fields. He
may have been the John Penreth who, in the sunset of life, in 1480,
settled down as clerk to the Newcastle Company of Merchant
Adventurers. But that is pure conjecture. Another John Penreth
obtained the shrievalty in 1487 and only eleven years later a third John
was appointed to that office. Which of them was the grantee of the
property in Flesher Raw cannot be determined. A run of consecutive
Johns in a family makes genealogy a nightmare. Later Penreths in
Newcastle are traceable, but never again did they participate in muni-
cipal honours. The quarto series of our Archaeoloqia (vol. in. p. 81)
under date 1522 shows that Edward Penreth held of Ralph Eure,
knight, a tenement in the Melemarket near Pudding Chare. The Feet
of Fines, previously quoted, proves that they continued to be property
owners in the town and suburbs to the close of the 16th century. For
example, in Michaelmas term, 1564, a fine is made between Thomas
Hoppen and Nicholas Hedley, plaintiffs, and John Pendreth, gent.,
•deforciant, of one messuage and two shops in Newcastle ; in Hilary
term, 1569, there is a fine between Robert Green well, merchant, and
William Penreth, gent., of one messuage and two cellars in Newcastle,
and agtin in Michaelmas te^m, 1574, between Thomas Lyddell, mer-
chant, plaintiff, and William Penrythe, gent., deforciant, of one water
mill called Bares [Ban-as 1 MyJne. and ten acres ol pasture in Newcastle.'
Among the Chancery Proceedings (series n, 155-1759; bundle 144,
no. 23), is a record of a suit in which it appears that Wm Penderethe, in
February 1565-6, filed a complaint stating that having borrowed 40Z. of
Henry Brandlyne, merchant, he demised to said Brandlyne, by indenture
dated 26 September, 156 1, three water mills and three closes, whereof one
lot was within the suburbs of Newcastle, and the other 'without the
barres and lyberties ' of the said town, conditioned upon his repaying th6
same on St. Luke's day, 1563, for due performance of which he gave bond
in 200Z. ; that being unable to pay on the day specified he obtained an
extension of time to St. Andrew's day next ensuing ; that he then ten-
dered the money, but Brandlyne would not accept it, but commenced
a suit for recovery of 200Z., &c. The end of the suit is not recorded.'

Thanks were voted to the different exhibitors, and also to the chair-
man for his valuable notes on Newcastle.

A SHIELD OF ARMS FROM THE NEWGATE, NEWCASTLE.

Mr. C. H. Blair read the following note on this interesting shield o!
of 1340-1405 :—

* In the north-east corner of the basement of the castle stands a square
«tone panel enclosing, within decorative carving, an angel supporting a
shield upon which are carved the Royal Arms of England as they were
borne from 1340 to 1405, viz., Quarterly 1 and 4, Azure powdered with
golden lilies, for France ; 2 and 3, gules three leopards gold, for England ;
around the inner edge of the panel are carved heraldic roses alternately
with another ornament like a lozenge within a square, but which, unfor-
tunately, is too weather-worn to be clearly decipherable. The shield
is in a good state of preservation, and is a good example of the
heraldic art of the age, the lilies of France being very beautiful in
form, whilst the leopards of England, though somewhat weathered,
have that appearance of lithe strength and ferocity typical of the

278

heraldry of that time. I have not been able to discover how or when
this shield came into the possession of the society, probably it would be
at the time of the destruction of the Newgate in 1823, the only reference
relating to its possession, that I have found, is in vol. vn, page 99 of our
Proceedings, where there is a note by Mr. Gibson (the custodian of the
castle) stating that it was originally over the north side < f the Newgate.
It is drav n by T. M. Richardson in his etching entitled * Newgate
North Front as seen in May, 1823,' and is there placed between two
smaller shields, and immediately below the statue said to be that of
James I. Mr. Sheriton Holmes says (Arch. Ael. vol. xvm, page 15).
' Move the archway of ihe later erection (i.e., the barbican in front of
the old Berwick gate) there were three ancient shields of Arms, St.
George's Cross, The Arms of England with the fieur de lis remee, and
those of Newcastle-upon-Tyne.' he further states that this barbican was
constructed previous to 1390, and that a part of the northern facade
appears to have been rebuilt in Jacobean times. The charges upon the
shield are those of England as borne by king Edward the third after
1340, and by king Richard the second m the earlier years of his reign ;
later he impaled with these arms those attributed to king Edward the
Confessor, viz., Azure, a cross paty between five martlets gold. In
1405 Henry the fourth reduced the lilies to three, following the ex-
ample of the king of France, the change having been made in that
kingdom by king Charles the fifth about the year 1 365. Mr. Welford in
his Ncucastle and Gatcsheod, i, 85, under 1344, says: ' During the king's
visit to Newcastle at Whitsuntide he repaired the walls of the town at his
own expense.' The Newgate was built shortly after this date (perhaps
as part of king Edward's plan of repairs),and the shield in our possession,
with its two companions (now unfortunately lost), in accordance with the
fashion of that time, decorated its northern front, they were either not
interfered with at the Jacobean restoration or else were then replaced
in their original position. Hartshorne, in his architectural description
of Alnwick castle (Proceedings of the Archaeological Tnstitute,Newcastle,
1852, vol. n, page 172) speaking of the shields on the octagon towers
there says : ' this custom of ornamenting the upper parts of towers
with escutcheons was very prevalent during the reign of Edward III.,
when it took its orgin;' in addition to Alnwick he mentions Hilton,
Lumley, and Bothal castles, which are thus decorated,and so also was the
Newgate of Newcastle-upon-Tyne. The royal shield on the octagon
towers at Alnwick, built about the year 1350 by Henry de Percy,
second lord of Alnwick (Hartshorne, page 172) has the same charges on
as the one we possess, whilst that at Bothal (built in 1343) has the
leopards of England in the first and fourth quarters, thus giving them
precedence over the lilies of France, much to the indignation of the
king of France (Arch. Ael. xiv, 289), lastly the royal arms placed
above the gateway at Lumley castle, as described by Surtees (u. 153)
and quoted in our Proceedings (in, 302), has France and England
quarterly (Richard II). Lumley having been re-built by Ralph, lord
Lumley, under licence from bishop Skirlaw in 1389, and later, therefore,
than our Newgate. These are the only instances in the north of
England known to me where the royal shield of the later half of the
fourteenth century appears. The royal banner carved on the west
front of Hilton castle is later in date and has France modern (after
1405) in the first and fourth quarters. I think our society is fortunate
in possessing such a beautiful example of heraldic carving when that
art was at its best, representing, as it does, the noblest and most fame us
shield ever actually borne by any of our English kings.'
Thanks were voted to Mr. C. H. Blair.

Proc. Soc. Antiq. Neivc.
3 ser. i.

To face page 278

OLD FONT AT ST. HILD'S CHURCH, SOUTH SHIELDS (see page 206)
This block lent by Canon Savage and the Churchwardens.

SHIELD WITH ROYAL ARMS, FROM THE NEWGATE, NEWCASTLE (see Opposite page)

From a photograph by Mr. Parker Brewis.

279

MISCELLANEA.

The following extracts, from the Calendar of Patent Rolls, are con-
tinued from p. 211 : —

1484, Oct. 25, Westminster. — Writ to the sheriff of Northumberland,
directing him to issue a proclamation (English) that, as upon appointing
of a diet to be holden in the city of London on 20 January next between
the commissaries of the king and the orators of Philip, duke of Burgundy,
earl of Flanders, it is agreed between certain ambassadors of the king
lately sent into those parts and divers notable persons as well of the
council of the said duke as of the three members of Flanders, that
proclamation shall be made on either side that the free intercourse of
merchandise taken in years past shall be observed, and also it is agreed
between the king's said ambassadors and certain commissioners of
Maximilian, duke of Austria and Brabant, that there shall be another
diet holden within some convenient place of the duke's obeisance such as
the king will name, and at such time as it shall please him, and in the
meantime the free intercourse of merchandise taken in years past shall
be observed, all subjects of the king shall observe the premises with all
the chapters and articles of the intercourse as in times past, and if any
ships or goods pertaining to the subjects of either duke be taken by
rovers or men-of-war haunting the sea such ships or goods shall be put
in sure keeping to the intent that restitution be made. — 2 Rich. Ill,
pt. 2, memb. 22d. [p. 518]

1485, Feb. 14, Westminster. — Mandate to the justices of assize, the
justices of the peace and the sheriff in the county of Southampton to
issue a proclamation (English) that no person shall carry beyond the sea
any woollen yarn or cloth not fulled, but that the woollen yarn shall be
woven and the cloth thereof made shall be fulled, shorn and fully
wrought within the realm upon pain contained in the statute of
7 Edward IV, except ' rayes,' ' vesses ' and other cloths named in the last
parliament at Westminster, that no person shall buy or bargain any
wool before the feast of St. Bartholomew except such as shall make from
the said wool yarn or cloth within the realm according to the statute of
4 Edward IV, and that all makers of cloth shall pay to their carders and
spinners and other labourers ready lawful money for their wages, and
shall deliver their wools to be wrought upon a due weight upon pain of
forfeiture to the said labourer the treble of his wages so not paid and 6d.
for every pound of excessive weight, according to the statute of 4
Edward IV. By K. The like to the sheriff in Northumberland, omitt-
ing the clause concerning the buying of wool before Michaelmas (sic). —
Ibid. [p. 518]

1485, Feb. 11. — Grant for life to the king's servant George Percy,
esquire, of an annuity of 40 marks from the issues of the county of
Northumberland. By p.s. Ibid., memb. 11. [p. 508]

1485, March 2, Westminster. — Precept to the sheriff of Northumber-
land to issue a proclamation (English) that the truce which was con-
cluded between the king and his cousin Francis, duke of Brittany, to
continue unto 24 April next is intended to Michaelmas, 1492. — Ibid.>
pt. 3, memb. 18d. [p. 544]

COMMISSIONS OF THE PEACE FOR NORTHUMBERLAND.

1 Westminster, 14 May, 1483. Edward V. m. Sd.

2 „ 26 June, 1483. 1 Richard III., part I. m. 2'2d.

3 „ 5 December, 1483 „ „ \ld.
Richard, duke of Gloucester, 1. I Ralph Graystok of Graystok,
Henry, duke of Buckingham, 1,2. | knight, 1, 2, 3.

280

John Cartyngton, 1, 2, 3.
John Agirston, 1, 2, 3.
John Swynburne, 1, 2, 3.
W. bishop of Durham, 2.
John, duke of Norfolk, 2, 3.
Henry, earl of Northumberland,

20
, 6.

ThomasLumley, of Lumley, knight,
1, 2, 3.

Robert Ogle of Ogle, knight, 1, 2, 3

Robert Maners, knight, 1, 2, 3.

Richard Neell, knight, 1, 2, 3.

Roger Tounesend, 1, 2, 3.

John Lilbourne, Lilburn, the
elder, 1, 2, 3.

[p. 568].

The following endorsed ' Ansr to Oley Douglass ' is apparently the

original draft of a letter addressed by George Delaval, some time in 1715,

to Oley Douglas. :

* By great good ffortune I met your favour of the 2* past at ye House

of Commons, Mr. Barrington having seen and told me of it : My Letters

seldom come that way.

You are pleased to begin by saying you have small Title to my

Friendship : You know that best ; however, it is certain you have had

it on many occasions. To mention some of which — I went several times

on your errand to Ld Carlisle, and, at your req\iest, expresed your

earnest desire to be in Parliam* either for County or Town. I went to

his LordsPP again from you wth Propositions for withdrawing your

Peticon for Morpeth.

I once gave my Mony, in your presence, to serve you, and had found

6,000U for that end, if Learned Council had thought me safe in taking

from your Father the Mortgage on Ridsdale. So on ye whole, how

small soever your pretence may be to my Freindship, I seem to have

some to yours.

If you think it good Logick to commend my Industry for Sr Jno my

Cosen, & disapprove of it for my Nephew, I conceive you ought by

your own Logick, as a consequence, think it reasonable I should sollicit

on behalf of my Nephew, since you already approved of my doing it on

behalf of Sr Jno.

I come next to your advice, which by ye by, we are never to take of our

Enemies, tho' I will not think you so on any acct but that of Elections.
And if, my Brother, who, you say, will inform me that his Son's Case is

hopeless with relation to his Election, really does think it so, I hope

hee'l advise him, as I do in that Case, to desist ; And then my wishes
must devolve, of course, upon you. But, without answering your
questions directly, I confess I am not yet brought to think so, either by

any appearance of superiority in Interest, or by the start you have.
Your Security as to yr success, may be as great, as his Grace's Interest
can seem to you of little weight against it. For my part I place my
•cheif hopes in it, & should think my Nephew might despair without it,
and he is, in my Opinion, very much honoured & served by it.

I wish I understood a little better than I do, what you mean by thar
Expression of Playing at Empty Pockets ; if you mean your Superiot
Riches, you may deceive yourself as much in that, as you do in thinking
the County unanimous for you. Besides, I beleive you versed enough
in the Law, &c., know that way of proceeding is not conformable to Act
of Parliament. But if all those Little Freeholders are to determin their
Choice by a Security that it will now be the Reverse of the last, either you
must think yourself ye only person that has a Right to it, or give me
leave to think our Pretension that way to be as good as yours, and so,
to make you an amicable return, I must own frankly to you, I have as
much reason as ever to be that Industrious Person I was represented to
you ; a Character you find so difficult to beleive of me, that I hope the
success will convince you of. I am ' •

281

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES

OF NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE.

3 SER., VOL. I. 1904. No. 30

The ordinary monthly meeting of the society was held in the library
of the Castle, Newcastle, on Wednesday, the 30th day of November,
1904, at seven o'clock in the evening, Mr. J. Crawford Hodgson, F.S.A.,
a vice-president, being in the chair.

Several accounts, recommended by the council for payment, were
ordered to be paid.

The following NEW BOOKS, &c., were placed on the table : —

Presents, for which thanks were voted :—

From the Society of Antiquaries of London : — Their Proceedings,

2 ser. ix, 8vo (to complete this society's set). '
From Mr. D. D. Dixon of Rothbury : — A folio volume, bound full

calf, and lettered on back : ' Collect, of Tryals.' It formerly

belonged to Joseph Crawhall, and was given by him to Mr.

Dixon.
The following are in the volume : —

1. 'The answer of the Eight Honourable the Earl of Danby, to a late Pamphlet
entituled An Examination of the Impartial State of the Case of the Earl of
Danby. London, printed byE.R., to be sold by Randal Taylor near Stationer's
Hall, 1680.'

2. ' A Discourse concerning High Treason or the Statute of the 25th Edward the
Third tie Proditionibus considered and explained, as also a Short Treatise of
Misprizion of Treason, Designed for the Instruction of the Ignorant, that they
prove not offensive to the Supreme Power. London, Printed by T.B. for Richard
Mead, MDCLXXXIII.'

3. 'A Brief History of the Succession of the Crown of England, &c., collected out of
the Recprds & the most Authentick Historians, written for the Satisfaction of
the Nation (interpolated by Lord Somers). London, Printed, & are to sold
by Richard Janeway, in Queen's-Head-Court in Pater-Noster-Row, 1688/9.'

4. ' An enquiry into the Power of Dispensing with Penal Statutes, together with
some Animadversions upon A Book writ by Sir Edw. Herbert, Lord Chief Justice
of the Court of Common Pleas Entituled, A Short Account of the Authorities
in Law, upon which judgment was given in Sir Edward Bale's case. By Sir
Robert Atkyns, Knight of the Honourable Order of the Bath & late one of the
Judges of the Common Picas. London, Printed for Timothy Goodwin, at the
Maiden-head, against S. Dunstan's-Church in Fleet-Street, 1689.'

5. 'The Power, Jurisdiction, & Priviledge of Parliament & the Antiquity of the
House of Commons asserted, occasioned by an information in the King's Bench,
by the Attorney General against the Speaker of the House of Commons. As also
a discourse concerning the Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction in the Realm of England,
occasioned by the late Commission in Ecclesiastical Causes. By Sir Robert
Atkins, &c., &c. London, Printed for Timothy Goodwiu, at the Maiden-head,
against S. Dunstan's Church in Fleet Street, 1689.'

6. 'An Account [in manuscript] of the Proceedings of the Lords Commissioners for
Ecclesiastical Affairs, against the Bishop of London, Dr. Henry Compton, At
the Counsell Chamber at Whitehall, 4 August, 1686.'

7. ' The Proceedings & Tryal in the Case of the Most Reverend Father in God
William, Lord Archbishop of Canterbury, & the Right Reverend Fathers in God,
William, Lord Bishop of St. Asaph, Francis, Lord Bishop of Ely, John, Lord

282

Bishop of Chichester, Thomas', Lord Bishop of Bath & Wells, Thomas, Lord
Bishop of Peterborough, & Jonathan, Lord Bishop of Bristol, In the Court of
Kings-Bench at Westminster, in Trinity Term in the Fourth year of the Reign
of King James the Second, Annoque J)om. 1688. London, Printed for Thomas
Basset, at the George in Fleet Street, & Thomas Fox, at the Angel in Westminster-
Hall. 1689.'

8. 'The Arraignment Tryal & Condemnation of Sir William Parkins, knt,. for the
most Horrid & Barbarous Conspiracy tp assassinate His Most Sacred Majesty
King William, & for Raising of Forces in order to a Rebellion & encouraging a
French invasion into this kingdom, who was found guilty of High Treason
March 24, 1695/6, At the Sessions-House in the Old Bailey, together with a true
Copy of the Papers delivered by Sir William Parkins & Sir John Friend tp the
Sheriffs of London & Middlesex at- the time of their execution, London, Printed
for Samuel Heyrick at Grays-Inn Gate in Holbourn, & Isaac Cleve, at Serjeants-
Inn Gate in Chancery Lane. 1696.'

9. The Arraignment Tryal <.V < Condemnation of Sir John Friend, knight, for High

Treason at the Sessions-house in the Old-Bayly on Monday, March 23, 1695/6,

London, 1696.'

10. 'An account of the Arraignments & Tryals of Col. Richard Kirkly, Capt. John
Constable, Capt. Cooper Wade, Capt. Samuel Vincent, & Capt. Christopher

Fogg for Neglect of Duty, Breach of Orders* Other Crimes in a fight at

sea 19th August, 1702, off St Martha, Between the Honourable John Benbow

Esq. & Admiral Du Casse with 4 French Ships of War London, 1703.'

11. 'The Tryals & Condemnation of Robert Charnock, Edward King, & Thomas
Keyes for the Horrid and Execrable Conspiracy to assassinate his Sacred Majesty
King William London, MDCXCII.'

12. ' The Tryal, Attainder & Condemnation of Sir .John Fenwick, Baronet, before

the Parliament Truly & Faithfully Collected from the Journals of the House.

As also a True Copy of the Paper delivered by Hir John Fenwick to the Sherritfs
of London & Middlesex on Tower Hill at the Time of his execution, being
Jan. 28. 1696/7,' Printed at the Hague, 1697.'

Exchanges : —

From the Society of Antiquaries of London : — Proceedings, 2 ser, xx, i,
[ included in it are some ' Notes on recent discoveries in the Castle
of Durham,' by Dr. Gee ; and by the Rev. J. T. Fowler, on the
' Grave of Richard of Bury, bishop of Durham ' in the ' Nine
Altars' at Durham, and on fireplaces in the vestries of Wark-
worth and Morpeth churches], 8\o.
From the Cambrian Archaeological Association : — Archaeologia Cam-

brensis, for October, 1904 (6 ser. iv, iv); 8vo.

From the Cambridge Antiquarian Society : — ' The Annals of Gonville
and Caius College, by John Caius, M.D., edited by John Venn, 8vo.,
1904.

Purchases : — The Ancestor for October, 1904 (no. XT); Brenan's House of
Percy, 2 vols. ; Max\\ ell's House of Douglas, 2 vols. ; Mittheilungen
of the Imp. German Archaeological Institute, xvni, ii, and xix ;
The Antiquary for November, 1904 ; Borough S'.als of the Gothic
Period, by Gale Pedrick. with photographic reproductions of the
seals [ included in the volume are descriptions, with illustra-
tions, of the medieval seals of Alnwick, Berwick, and Hartlepool] ;
and Notes and Qveries, Nos. 44 to 48 ; and twelve original
drawings (making 142 in all) by the Revd. E. A. Downman, of
Ancient British camps in Derbyshire, &c. [the plans are of
Bolsover, Eyam Moor, Harthill Castle, Markland Gripps, Derby-
shire ; Breedon Hill, Burrow Hill, Bury Camp, Hallaton Castle,
Old Ingersly, Leicestershire ; Brandon Castle, Brinklow Hills,
Warwickshire ; and Combs Farm, Nottinghamshire.]
[ Mr. Downman, in a letter which accompanied these plans, writes : —
' I have now examined some 270 earthworks, but there are a great many
others I am anxious to visit, but multiplying by hand ts rather slow
work. At present the Bodleian, Oxford, have the best collection (170),
and the London Guildhall and the British Museum 164 between them,
I hope in a year or two to get a complete set of all I have examined, in

283

London between the Guildhall and the British. I believe your Society
and the Bodleian have a complete set between you and overlap, and in
case of my death my own set ought to make up two or perhaps three
complete sets. T am also doing one local set for some counties (so far
Wilts, Norfolk, and Surrey), for a public library or archaeological
society.']

The recommendation of the council to purchase the following books
was agreed to : — A History of English Furniture, by Percy Macquoid,
to be issued in 20 parts at Is. 6d. each ; Professor Baldwin-Brown's
Early Arts in Britain, 3 vols. ; and T. Wright's Roll of Carlaverock, with
shields of arms in colours.

EXHIBITED : —

By Dr. Allison : — (i) A double iron lamp from Orkney, known as
a 'crusie.' The illustration below is of a similar lamp in the
society's museum at the Blackgate, from a drawing by Mr. Henry
Clarke of North Shields.

[Dr. Allison said
"The 'crusie' or <kol-
lie' consists of an upper
and under iron shell
(both shells shaped like
sauce boats). The up-
per shell acted as the
oil reservoir, and the
under one served the
purpose of catching
any drippings or over-
flow from it. The un-
der shell and the up-
right back were usually
in one piece. The up-
per shell (a separate
and slightly smaller
vessel) was suspended
on, and could be de-
tached from, a notched
bar, which projected
forward from the back
at right angles, or had
an upright incline, as in
this example. When
detached any overflow
of oil could be repoured
from the lower into the
upper vessel. At its
top the back was bent
forward at right angles,
so as to adjust itself to
the centre of gravity,
and was perforated for
a stud. This stud end-
ed above in a ring,
which interlinked with
the ring of a twisted
stem (forming a joint)

CRUSIE, IN THE BLACKGATE MUSEUM.

the stem ending in a spike and hook at its free extremity. The spike

284

was used for insertion into the unplastered walls of _the cottages, the
hook being employed for suspension. The kollie was manufactured in
Orkney and Shetland by the local blacksmiths. It is mentioned in the
ancient ' Sagas,' and was in use up to the middle of the ^nineteenth
century, when it was supplanted by a tin lamp, which was followed by
the ordinary paraffin lamp. Oil from fish livers was commonly used,
the wick being usually of cotton, or native worsted yarn, and as it
gradually burnt down the wick was trimmed and pushed to the front
of the nozzle or spout, by a slight wooden pin, which, for the purpose,
lay in reserve in the upper shell. When not carried in the hd,nd, the
' kollie ' was hung upon a nail, or suspended on a cord. I am indebted
to Goudie's Antiquities of Shetland, kindly lent m0 by Mr. Williamson,
for much of the above."

(ii) Four flails from different countries : — ( 1) From the Island of Achill ;
(2) from Stromness, Orkney ; (3) from Kirkoen (Kirkisland) of
the Hvaloerne group, Norway; and (4) from Saxony.

Dr. Allison read the following notes on these flails : — " This flail (no. 1)
kindly sent to me by Mr. Parker Brewis when visiting Achill, is typical of
Ireland. There is no wood on the island, and sticks are imported trom
the mainland. It consists of two sticks joined by a thong. It is the
simplest form of flail, and gives both the revolving and striking actions.
The handstaff and souple are grooved near the attached ends, for the
thong. The latter is a circle constructed in the middle into a figure of
eight by lapping, the smaller circles fitting round the two grooves.
The thong is of twisted eel skin, which, being oily, affords natural
lubrication. No. 2 has the distinctive feature of two wooden pegs,
which pass respectively through the tops of the handstaff and souple,
and prevent the thong from flying off. There is a constricted part or
neck immediately below the pegs, and a shoulder to prevent the thong
from slipping down. This arrangement takes the place of the Irish and
Norwegian grooves. The thong is of neatly plaited white leather,
forming a circle, constricted in the centre into the shape of a dumb-bell.
This flail is distinct from that usual on the mainland of Scotland, which
has a perforated handle, whilst the local names ' handstaff,' * souple ' and
* thong ' are English, rather than Scottish. No. 3 is almost identical with
that from Achill (Western Ireland). It consists of two sticks, grooved
at the attached ends, and united by a thong of oily eel skin. The only
difference is that the sticks are a little longer. The local names are
Priler (flail) ; Handvagel (handstaff) ; Slagvagel (souple) ; and Korre
(thong). The following description, showing that like ourselves
different districts in Norway have different flails, is taken from a
Norwegian dictionary, in the possession of Mr. Riple of Gosforth. The
description will be noticed to differ widely from the foregoing example.
It is as follows : — ' The ' Plegl ' (fleegle) is an implement worked by hand
for threshing operations, before the introduction of machines. It con-
sists of three parts, viz. : i. The " slagl ' (souple), a stick slightly edged
and curved, made of a tough and hard wood, especially ash, 3 to 3] feet
long, 1 inch thick at the top, and 2 inches thick below, n. The ' hand-
stok ' (handstaff), or ' pleglskaft,' a round and somewhat longer stick of
tough wood, such as beech, in. The ' hilden,' the connexion between
the ' slagl ' and ' handstok,' usually made of thick leather 5 inches long,
sewn together with straps [of straps sewn together ?]. The rotation of
the ' slagl ' during work is most frequently effected by applying through
a hole in the ' hilden,' a round stem at the top of the ' handstok,'
supplied with an iron ring. For the rest the turning had to be done
exclusively by the hands during the rotation of the ' slagl ' over the head
of the performer.' I take this description to be that of the imaginary

286

flail (no. 5), and while it shows the difficulty of translation, it is clear
that the Norwegians possessed the two main varieties of flails, viz.,
those in which the handle is revolved in the hands, and those
in which the handstaff is firmly grasped as in the example shown.
No. 4, a huge, club-like example (modern) of the flail or Dreschflegel
(Drashflagal) is from Herwigsdorf, near Fittau, in Saxony. The souple
is termed the Flegel, there being no special name for the handle. It
consists of (i) the handstaff, having a wooden eye in the end, formed of
the end of the handstaff proper, and covered by a bent strip, or capping,
of wood 14 in. long, which is attached to the sides of the handle by
nails ; it is the only example of a strip of wood used in this way that
I have seen ; the handstaff is 4 ft. 5 in. long, by 1 1 in. in diameter ;
it is turned smooth and round: (ii) the souple is a very heavy round
piece cf smooth wood, 2 ft. 3 in. long, and 2£ in. in diameter ; tlte
attached end is wedge-shaped, two sides being flattened, and the
other two having grooves | in. deep and 4 in. from the top ; a
broad capping of white leather fits the flattened sides, slipping being
thus prevented; the lacing perforates the capping and passes round
the grooves; and (iii) the thong, a doubled slip of white leather, passes
through the wooden eye, and the leather capping ; one slit end passes
through a slit in the other end, and a. lace goes through the first slit
and is tied."

DONATIONS TO THE MUSEUM.

From Dr. Drummond of Westoe : A curious object of iron found in a
peat moss near Birtley in North Tyndale. It consists of a circle
from which four curved rods project downwards, at their junction
there is a socket in which there is still some tow. Above the ring
a handle arches over from side to side for suspension.

From R. Blair (one of secretaries) : (i) A two wheeled watchman's
rattle ; and (ii) four bobbins from Roade, near Northampton, used
in pillow-lace making, locally known as 'legs.'

Thanks were voted for these gifts.

DECEMBER MEETING.

The recommendation of the Council that no meeting of the society
be held in December on account of the Christmas holidays was agreed to.

A ROMAN CENTURIAL STONE FROM WEST DENTON.

Mr. R. Oliver Heslop, M.A., F.S.A. (one of the secretaries), read the
following note on a centurial stone found on the line of the Roman Wall
at West Denton : —

" By the courtesy of the directors of the Newcastle and^Gateshead
Water Company the stone before you, discovered by Mr. Alfred L.
Forster, the company's engineer, is now presented to our society. It
was unearthed at the end of last month on the military road at West
Denton, a few yards west of the lane leading south-west to Newburn,
during the onstruction of a new pipe line, on the site of the Roman Wall.
It is a centurial stone of more than ordinary elaboration, its carving and
lettering showing careful execution. Its face measurement is 16 inches
long by 12 inches high, and its depth from front to back is 9 to 10 inches.
The lettering, on a panel 8 inches long by 3£ inches wide, is enclosed in a
moulded border, ansated, and reads :

o . AVI
DIRVFI

C(enturia) Avidi(i) Ru/i. — The centuria of Avidius Rufus.

287

The same name occurs on a stone found at Carrawburgh (Procolitia}
and now in the museum at Chesters (Lapid. Sept. no. 167, and C. I. L. vn,

no. 629). In the Procolitia
stone the prenomen Avidius is
ligatured (see illustration and
Bruce. Roman Wall, 3ed. , 1 7 3 ).
Its reading, however, is iden-
tical with the stone now
before you, recording the
centuria of Avidius Rufus;
but it differs from the West
Denton stone in size, measur-
ing on its face 1 5^ inches long
by 6^ inches high ; being thus
almost of the same length,
but only about half the height of the West Denton stone. As the
Carrawburgh stone represents the height of the course of ashlar of
which it was a member, the stone now before us may have occupied
the height of two courses, or it may represent structural work on a
scale of greater proportions. In either case it would occupy a more con-
spicuous position, accounting for the superior character of its lettering
and sculpture. Two other centuria] stones in the museum at Chesters
bear the inscription
C(enturia) A ridi(i), the
name occurring with-
out the cognomen.
One of these was found
in Prccclitia, and the
other between that
camp and Borcovicus
(Lapid. Sept., no.s. 165
and 166; and C.l.L.
vn, no. 628). They

are each of them bedding stones,
of ruder finish than the one before
us, the former having the letters
o AVIDI roughly incised on the face
of the stone, the second having tho
jSaiT.e lettering enclosed in a coarsely
'executed panel, with the conven-
tional dove-tails on either side.
If we ma;y identify Avidius and
Avidius Rufus we have now the
record of four separate works ex-
ecuted by the centuria bearing his
name, an evidence of£unusual activity. But if the cognomen Rufus
distinguishes one Avidius from another centurion of the same name, we
have still the fact that Avidius Rufus was engaged in the Wall con-
struction at or near Procolitia, and again upon some building, as far
distant as the east of Vindobala, as witnessed 'by our stone.

Upon the whole question of centurial stones our members may be
referred to the paper by Mr. John Clayton, in Archaeolorjia Aeliana
(vol. TX), where the character and purpose of Roman centurial stones is
discussed with all the erudition and experience of our late venerable
vice-president. The inverted letter 3 or the rectilinear symbol \> , pre-
ceding the name, are said to represent a twig of vine, the official badge

288

of a Roman centurion. When, as in the case of the stone before us,
the centurion's name is in the genitive case ' the centurial mark,' says
Mr. Clayton. ' must be read centurial It may be added to this, by way
of reminder, that there are two words, viz., centurio, an officer in the
Roman army commanding a hundred men, and centuria, the company
of men itself. These stones were inserted in the face of a course of
masonry at the time of its construction. In doing so ' the object of
the centurion,' says Mr. Clayton, ' was to record his own name, as that
of an individual who had taken a part in the great work, hence the
particular cohort to which the centurion belonged, or the extent of the
work done, is rarely recorded on the stone * (Arch. Ael. ix, p. 24).
' These inscriptions,' says Horsley, ' were doubtless inserted in the face
of the wall, when it was building, and were, in all probability, erected by
those centuries or cohorts who built that part of the wall, where they
are found, or by their commanders,' (Britannia Romana, p. 127). Thus
far Mr. Clayton is in accord with the earlier writer, of whom he says : —
' We are indebted to that sagacious and laborious Northumbrian, John
Horsley, for the brightest light which has been thrown upon the subject
of centurial stones on the Roman Wall. In his Britannia Romana,
published in 1732,' continues Mr. Clayton, ' after adverting to stones of
a similar character on the Antonine Wall between the Firth of Forth
and the Firth of Clyde, on which are inscribed the name of the emperor,
and the extent of the work executed by the troops employed in it,
Horsley proceeds to state that, in his opinion, the inscriptions found on
the Roman Wall, which he has called centurial, had been erected upon
the same occasion and to the same purpose, though they were not so
full and pompous ' (Arch. Ael. ix, 30). It will be seen on comparison
that this is not a quotation but a synopsis of Horsley' s remarks, and it
should be noted that, notwithstanding the eulogy pronounced by Mr.
Clayton, he (as he is careful to explain) differed entirely from Horsley
as to the date of the Wall of stone. Hence Mr. Clayton omits allusion
to the argument based by Horsley on the prevalence of centuiiai stones
in the Wall between Tyne and Sol way, and the very different character
of the inscribed stones ' erected upon the same occasion ' (that is under
the same circumstances) ' and for the same purpose ' along the course
of the Wall of turf from Forth to Clyde. The omission was a natural
one in the circumstances seeing that Mr. Clayton had assured himself
that Horsley' s theory of the builder of the stone Wall was no longer
tenable. These are Mr. Clayton's words : — ' In early times a portion of
these works, that is to say, the stone wall, with its ditch to the north,
was ascribed to the Emperor Severus, whilst the earthen rampart and
its ditches were treated as a previous erection by the Emperor Hadrian,
But Antiquaries are now,' that is in the year 1880, ' agreed, with
consideraole unanimity, that both the works are to be ascribed ^o the
Emperor Hadrian, and that they were executed simultaneously.'
(Arch. Ael., ix, 22n). The two views thus so explicitly expressed were
the views held respectively by John Horsley and John Clayton.

In recalling this to your attention the object is not to revive an old
controversy, but rather, by pursuing the argument advanced in Britannia
Romana and expanding "the statement of the case (with your kind
permission and forbearance), to sho\* the value attached by John
Horsley to the presence of these centurial stones, and in this to indicate
incidentally the penetration and the power of observation displayed by
that distinguished antiquary. Horsley, as we have seen, was of opinion
that the stone wall between Tyne and Solway was built by the emperor
Severus, also that the work of Hadrian on this line (antedating that of
Severus by three quarters of a century) was an earthen fortification. In

289

contrasting a characteristic of theJWall of stone with a characteristic
of the Wall of turf, known as the Antonm* Wall from Forth to Clyde,
the important point of a date had been establisheo for the erection of
the latter structure That date was either A.D. 1 39, or in the following
year ; for whilst dedications indicate Antoninus Pius as the reigning
emperor, inscriptions also discover the name of Quintus Lollius Urbicua,
the imperial legate under whom the work had been erected. The
name ot this distinguished propraetor is familiar to us in the stone from
Bremenium commemorating his presence there wioh the first cohort of
the Lingones and their accompanying cavalry, doubtless on the way to
or from the lines of the northern barrier. Urbicus had been a contem-
porary of Hadrian, under whose reign he had filled official posts of high
importance as tribune, ouaestor and legate. He was one of the legates
of the emperor Hadrian in Judea, where "fte won the hasta pura (a
Victoria Cross of the period), and yet later was legate or governor of
the emperor for the province of Lower Germany (For the list of offices
held by Urbicus, see his monumental inscription, Corp. Insc. Lai.
vni, pt. 1, No. 6706). He seems, in fact, to have been the tried and
trusted administrator of that reign. Hadrian died in A.D. 138, and in
that same year Urbicus had received the appointment to be governor
of Britain. His office in this country was thus concurrent with the early
years of the reign of Antoninus Pius, and in these were begun the
defensive works from Forth to Clyde. But Quintus Lollius Urbicus
had already spent a long and varied official life in the service of the state
when he received his appointment to Britain, and it is proper to suppose
that methods in vogue and details of administration current under
Hadrian would continue to be observed under Antoninus Pius in the
early years of his succession to the empire. Urbicus, at least, had
gained his experience in the service of Hadrian ; and it is natural to
suppose that he would retain the traditions of the service in his adminis-
tration of the affairs of Britain under Antoninus. It is this considera-
tion which causes the Antonine Wall to be regarded as typical of a
defensive line of the period of Hadrian. This is, at all events, a dated
example, and it is a turfen, or cespititious, structure. Horsley, however,
in the argument before us is concerned with details rather than with
this larger question. In the stone Wall from the Tyne to Solway the
various sections were marked as they were built by those engaged in the
work ; all along the line these records are of the character of the stone
before you, or very similar to it. In the Antonine Wall the work of each
company, as it completed its section, was also marked by the erection of
an inscribed stone. But in place of the centuria with its centurial
stone, as here, Horsley's observation is : ' All the inscriptions in
Scotland of this sort are erected by legions or vex illations of legions,
that work having been shared out to such bodies,' (Britannia Romano,
p. 127) so striking is the difference that Horsley reiterates it in a note,
thus : — ' I think it curious and worthy of a remark that the allotment of
the several shares in building the wall in Scotland seems not, as here '
(on the Tyne) ' to have been according to the centuries, but by the
whole legions and their vexillations ' (Brit. Rom. 127 n.b.) Horsley's
inference is, that where you find inscriptions ' erected upon the same
occasion ' and ' to the same purpose ' (that is under like circumstances
and for the same objects as in the turf Wall and in the stone Wall where
each working party had commemorated its length of work) these, if
contemporary, would naturally be expected to be similar in their
character. But just as natural would it be to find the usage of the time
of Hadrian superseded, after the lapse of half a century or more, when
changes of organization and of classification had been introduced, or

290

greater sub-division of labour had become customary ; ' and,' adda
Horsley, ' perhaps it was not customary, till Severus's time, to allot
such works to centuries and cohorts (Brit. Rom. p. 127). Thus has
Horsley shown that the centurial stones of our stone Wall do not conflict
with his attribution of the structure to the time of Severus. The
importance of the point, in his case, lies in the fact that the usage of
Hadrian's time, was reflected in the Antonine Wall. Had the Wall of
stone been built under that reign we should expect to find the several
shares indicated by inscriptions erected by legions or vexillations of
legions. Seeing that we do not find this, but on the lengths as com-
pleted the record of the centuriae, we discover a changed condition of
organization such as would be quite compatible with changes evolved
during the interval of time between the reign of Hadrian and that of
Severus. So at least do we understand the argument. Turning to the
relic before us to-night, it will be seen that in further investigation of a
difficult and obscure question the evidence afforded by these centurial
stones must be taken into account."

Special thanks were, by acclamation, voted to Mr. Heslop, for his
note, to the Water Company for the gift, and to Mr. Forster especially,
for so quickly announcing the discovery of the inscription.

THE FLAIL AND ITS TIMES.

Dr. T. M. Allison read his notes on this subject, supplementary to
his paper read at the June meeting of the society (p. 153). They will be
printed with that paper in Arch^eohjia Aeliana.

Mr. W. S. Corder remarked that six or seven years ago he saw the
flail in use at Hodge Hill farm, Cartmel fell.

Thanks were voted by acclamation to Dr. Allison, on the motion of
the Chairman, seconded by Mr. Heslop.

THE MOISES FAMILY : GRANT OF ARMS TO HUGH MOISES.

The chairman said ' through the kindness of Mr. T. A. Thorp, of
Alnwick, I have recently had an opportunity of examining the original
grant of arms to Hugh Moises of Newcastle, clerk in holy orders, one
of tha two men of his family who occupied the influential and respected
position of master of the grammar school of Newcastle.'

He then read the following grant af arms : —

' To all and singular to whom these presents shall come, Stephen Martin Leake,
esquire, Garter Principal King of Arras, and Thomas Brown, esquire, Norroy King of
Arms of the north parts of England, from the river Trent northwards, send greeting.
Whereas Hugh Moises, clerk, A. M. , lecturer of All Saints, in Ne wcastle-upon-Tyne, former-
ly Fellow of St. Peter's College, Cambridge, second son of Edward Moises, clerk, A.M.,
rector of Keyworth, in the county of Nottingham, by Elizabeth his wife, the daughter
of Sir James Butler, knight, in the county of Middlesex, and grand son of Edward
Moyses of Oswestry,in the county of Salop, hath represented unto the right honourable
Richard, earl of Scarborough, Deputy, with the Royal Approbation, to the most noble
Edward, duke of Norfolk, Earl Marshal and hereditary marshal of England, that his
ancestors were originally Welsh, and the family name Moysen, which, upon their
removal into Shropshire they altered to Moyses, and lastly, by Edward his father, to
Moises, and that not finding the arms he has borne, registered in the Herald's Office,
and unwilling to use any ensigns armorial without lawful authority, did therefore
request his lordship's warrant for our granting and assigning to him and his'descendants
and to the descendants of his father such arms and crest as he and they may lawfully
bear, and use, and that the same with his family pedigree may be registered with the
gentry of this kingdom in the Heralds Office. And forasmuch as his lordship duly
considering the premises did by warrant under his hand and seal, bearing date the
twenty second day of January last order and direct us to grant and assign unto the said
Hugh Moises and to the descendants aforesaid such arms and crest accordingly. Know
ye. therefore, that we, the said Garter and Norroy in pursuance of the consent of the
said earl of Scarbrough, and by virtue of the Letters Patent of our several offices to
each of us respectively granted under the Great Seal of Great Britain have assigned and

la. daughter of Job]
jBedling-ton, mar. i
fsh., 17o8 (a), bur. al
lay, 17i>3 (a) (d) ; s<

of
m.,

*),

81.

LA.

fiit-
tor
nt,
,nd

Mary. bp. 1
March, 1 76
(6*), named i
the will of h<
aunt Elizj
beth Ellisoi
25 June, 17 <
(/7), bur. ]
Sept., 1780 (,

iu., and ultimately
Robt. Lisle of A<
a ; succeeded to t'.
he death of her bro
ar. at Portobello, 5 1
s.p. 24. March, 1882

look, vni, p. 130
h Moises, Newcastle,

291

do by these presents grant unto the said Hugh Moises the arms following, viz. , Gules a fess
erminois between three bulls heads couped argent armed or, and for the crest On a wreath,
of the colour* growing on a mossy mount bull-rushes proper with this motto Nisi Virtus
vilior Algd, as the same are in the margin hereof more plainly depicted ; to be borne and
used for ever hereafter by him, the said Hugh Moises and his descendants, and by the
descendants of his father Edward Moises aforesaid, with their due and proper differences
according to the antient practice and custom of arms, without the let or interruption
of any person or persons whatsoever. In witness whereof we the said Garter and
Norroy Kings of Arms, have to these presents subscribed our names, and affixed the seals
of our several offices this twenty-second day of February, in the sixth year of the reign
of our sovereign lord George the third, by the Grace of God, king of Great Britain,
France, and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, &c., and in the year of our Lord, 1766.

S. Martin Leake, Garter Principal King of Arms.

Thomas Brown, Norroy King of Arms.

To elucidate the pedigree of the family, so far as it is known, the
annexed table has been prepared.
Thanks were voted to Mr. Hodgson.

ROTHBTJRY FOREST, ETC.J

The chairman stated that one of the meanings assigned to the word
* forest' in Dr. Murray's New English Dictionary, was 'a wild unculti-
vated waste, a wilderness.' He continued that the Northumbrian
instances of this use of the word known to him were the forest of
Cheviot* ; the forest of Allendale (i.e. the High and Low Forest Grieve-
ships); Rothbury forest: Earsdon forest; the forest of Aydon, now
called Alnwick moor ; Felton forest, an alternative name for Felton
common ; and the forest of Tynedale.'

Mr. R. O. Heslop said that to this enumeration might be added the
forest of Lowes.

* This name survives in Grey's Forest and Selby's Forest, two townships in the
parcel of Kirknewton, apparently out of the waste of Cheviot.

In the Builder of 6th August there is a notice of the church of Chipping
Ongar in Essex. On the south wall of the chancel there is a tablet to a
member of the Mitford family — Mrs. Sarah Mitford. In connexion
with this the writer tells a curious story of one of his visits to the church.
His ' attention was particularly directed to this monument by a wealthy
tradesman, who said that many persons came to the church expressly to
see it. The arms above the tablet were described by him as bearing the
four-fold cognizance of 'a flea, a fly, a louse, and a comb,' with a singular
legend as to their origin ! As the arms are now uncoloured and high up,
they are somewhat difficult to decipher ; but they proved to be a fesse
between three moles (Mitford), impaling a chevron between three
combs (Botell).'

MISCELLANEA.

A FORGOTTEN CHURCH IN TIPPER COQUETDALE.

The following letter appeared in the Newcastle Daily Journal of the
17th December, 1904:—

" Sir, — Last year, when on a visit to Upper Coquetdale, I was informed
that two or three hewn stones had been got from the foundation of an
old kirk near Linbriggs for some building operations. Not having pre-
viously heard of any old kirk in that locality, I mentioned the matter
to my friend, Mr. D. D. Dixon, whose History of Upper Goquetdale was
then passing through the press, but he had no knowledge of one there,
nor could I find any reference to it in any History of Northumberland.

In July last I called on Adam Dagg, the shepherd at Linbriggs, who

292

has lived there all his life, and he pointed out to me some foundations
of old buildings — all the stones being porphyritic as far as I icould
eee — on the right bank of the Coquet, opposite the west end of Passpeth.
These old foundations, he said, were called Ay don Sheles, or Aydon-
sheles Kirk, and the stones mentioned above were got from them. He
also informed me that many years since, when some men were getting
stones from this place, they found an inscribed stone which they could
not decipher, and the late Mr. Thomas Ord of Shilmoor, would not
allow it to be removed, but had it covered up again.

I have no doubt that this is the site of the ancient manor of Aldensheles
held by Richard de Horsley in 1 3 17, mentioned by Hodgson. The fir ding
of an inscribed stone — probably a grave cover — seemed to me to indicate
that a church once stood here. After a long s earch I have found a short
but luminous entry relating to it in the Calendar of Patent Rolls of
Edward II. Here it is: '1317, Sep. 25, Licence for the alienation in
mortmain by Richard de Horsleye cf a messuage, 100 acres of land, 6 acres
•-•f meadow, and 20s. of rent in Lynsheles and Alwenton, to a chaplain to
celebrate divine service daily in the chapel of St. Nicholas, in his manor of
Aldensheles, for his soul and the souls of his ancestois and all Christians.'

In the following year the lands of Richard de Horseleye were 'laid
waste as well by the Scots as other enemies of the King in Northumber-
land,' and he was granted £20 a year in aid of his sustenance out of the
customs on wool in the port of Newcastle. This chapel of St. Nicholas
may have been demolished at the same time. — I am, etc..

J. NICHOL."

3, King's Avenue, Muswell Hill, N.,
5th December, 1904.

Mr. Ral^h Nelson cf Bishop Auckland, thus writes : —
" To the north-west of Willington, on the very edge of the hill, as it ap-
peais from Auckland, stards a solitary farm house, marked in the map
Naxavan ; a little to the south-west is Stone Chesters. On the door
lintel of this house is the following : —

NACKSHIVAN
OB FIRST HOUSE
H. MILLS 1757.

Can you ascertain the meaning of Nackshivan ? It is thought to be
Gaelic- The Mills family lived at Willington, and owned land all
around 100 years ago. Colonel Mills was agent for William Russell of
Brancepeth."

Mr. A. L. Steavenson"of Holywell near Durham, in a letter dated 2nd
Nov. 1904, writes: —

"REMAINS OF CAMP OR FORT AT HOLYWELL.

I have, for many years, thought that there were remains of suchra
structure in the field in front of this house ; the position is a most
likely one, overlooking the river, and about 40 feet above it. It extends
round two sides of a square, the other two apparently obliterated, but
the whole area is most irregular, as if never properly levelled when laid
away to grass. Yesterday I made two cuts Into it, with sanction of
Mr. Peirson, and found the embankment undoubtedly artificial, but no
stones or bricks. I went down to original surface. About ten years
ago, when making a drain, Lord Boyne's men found an ancient jar;
they broke it, but I have the pieces. I showed them to Dr. Greenwell,
but he did not think them very old."

INDEX.

Abbot, archbishop, letter to. 84
Abel, John, of Newcastle, 276
Abercorn, Sir Wm. More, lord of, 118 ;

duke of, George Frederick Price,

chaplain to, 144
Achill, Ireland, a flail from the isle of,

284, 285
Acton, William, founder of Walknoll

hospital, Newcostle, 275 ; foundation

deed of, 275

Adam, William, jun., & another, land
: of Ford chantry granted to, 198
Adams, David, elected, 173
Adainson, Horatio A., on a Civil War

letter relating to Newcastle, 119 ;

on the Villiers family and Tynemouth

castle, 70 ; on ' Waterville,' North
' Shields, 38 ; John, bought carving

of Crucifixion, 41 ; Lawrence W.,
\ presented collection of newspaper
> cuttings, &c., relating to th? Tyne

bridge, 145 ; Thomas, 9
Addison, James, churchwarden of Es-
; combe, 266

Admittance to Tynemouth manor, 118
Ad murum, Newcastle, site of, 160
Aelian Marines, a cohort of, 51
Aelius Vibius, a centurio of the twenti-
eth legion, 143

Aesica, a gold-plated fibula discovered
; like that from, 117 ; Roman cent-

urial stones from near, 175
' Age, proofs of, of heirs to estates in

Northumberland,' 200w
Agerston, John and others, commission

to assess subsidies from aliens, 212

(See also Haggerston)
Agincourt, French cross-bowmenat,246
Aglionby, Thomas, rector of Bewcastle,

226
Aix-la-Chapelle, grave of Charlemagne

at, 262

Akers, Lance, 7
Aketon, brother John de, attorney for

abbot of Newminster in an action, 59
Alabaster carvings at Naworth castle,

235n

Alan, brother, of Chibburn, 87
Albemarle, Baldwin de Betun, earl of,

155 ; funeral of George, late duke of,

85
Albert and Isabella, coins of, presented,

270

Alchfrith, king, 221

Alcuin, an Angle, at Charlemagne's
court, 224

Aldensheles, manor of, 292 ; held by
the Horsleys, 292; chapel of St.
Nicholas in , 292

Aldfrid the learned, 223

' Aldhelm,' the Lambeth, 222 and n

Aldworth, granted to Newminster, 56 ;
confirmed by Roger Bertram in., 56

Alexander, Severus, a denarius of, found
in Newcastle, 26

Alexander, king of Scots, a charter of, 52

Alexandrian coin of Augustus found, 90

Allalee on the Roman Wall, centurial
stones from, 175

Allectus, coin of, found at Piercebridge,
108. 125

Allendale, flint arrowheads, &c., found
in, 27 1 ; tithe barn in, 64 ; ' forest '
of, 291

Allerton and Allertonshire, bishop of
Durham's revenue from, 13

Allhallows bank, Newcastle, 275 •

Allison [Alleson], Anthony, 8 ; Thomas
the younger, and lands at Sandhoe,
179 ; Dr. T. M., presented Northum-
brian flail, 270 ; his description of,
270 ; on flails, 153, 284, 290 ; on a
' crusie ' from Orkney, 283

Almain, merchants of, 212

Alnham, grant of messuages, &c., at,
174

Almanacks, sale of, in St. Helens Auck-
land church by vicar, 263 ; a copy
of one, 263n,

Alnwick, James I. proclaimed king at,
85n, ; James Carr, minister of, 195 ;
a Carr killed a't, 192 ; borough seal of,
282 ; moor, 291

Alnwick abbey, George, abbot of, 169 ;
Walter de Mitford, a canon of, or-
dained, 57 ; castle, shield of arms on,
278; church, visitations at, 198

Alphabet of Arms, an, by William
Stephens, 104

Altars, Roman, &c., from Ben well, 142,
143 ; from Bewcastle, 220 ; found at
Piercebridge, 125 ; at Rokeby, 215 ;
from Tyne, 112

Alverton, in Sherwood, co. Notts, grant
of manor of, 155

Ambersbury banks, Essex, plan of, 171

' Amen,' on bronze mortar, 4

Amphora, Roman, from Aquileia, 189

[Newc. Proc., 3 Ser. I.]

294

INDEX : ANC — ARMS

Anabaptists, 264, 267

Ancient British stone axe-hamm0r
found at Barras bridge, Newcastle,
presented, 146 ; barrow on Kilham
hill opened, 50; cist in, 50; camps, 29,
282 ; original plans of, 29, 62, 106,
136, 174; at Hamsterley, 64, 108;
at Stanwick, 66, 89, 123, 129 ; flint |
implements exhibited, 64 ; and stone ;
implements exhibited, 148 ; graves
at Bamburgh, 167, 204 ; urn found,
167; professor McKenny Hughes on,
167 ; discovered on Brandon Hill, co.
Durham, 139

Ancient Deeds, Catalogue of, local ex-
tracts from, 116

Ancroft, visit to, 185 ; Mark's descrip-
tion of, 185; manor of, 186; families
in, 185 ; a little fortress at, in 1541
and 1561, 187 ; servants of bishop of
Durham seized corn, &c., in vill of,
185; 'sessed' for it, 186; Edward
Reveley of, 186 ; armed horsemen
from, at muster. 186 ; footmen at,
186 ; amount due for tithes of, 186 ;
mill of, 186; presbyterians and pa-
pists in, in 1736, 189 ; impropriators,
&c., 188 ; map of land at, 104 ; chapel-
ry, belonged to Holy Island, 185;
said to have been founded by Papedi,
188; confirmed to Durham by pope
Urban, 187 ; chapel in bad condition,
188 ; served by a stipendiary priest,
188; church, 185, 186; planof, 187;
little fortress against, in 1561, 187;
burial place of Sibbit family, 186 ;
old font given to Chillingham, 187 ;
parsons of, 188; curates, 185; Law-
rence Donkyn, 188 ; Mr. Methuen,
188 ; John Foreside ejected from for
nonconformity, 188 ; John Reveley,
parish clerk, 188

Anderson place, Newcastle, and Charles
L, 157

Anderson, Francis, clerk of court of
Tynemouth manor, 119; Sir Francis
48 ; Ralph, of Ovingham, lease of
Sunderland farm. 14

Andover, co. Hants, grant of fee farm
of, 155

Andrew tower, Newcastle walls, site of,
160

Andre wes, Thomas, alderman of Lon-
don, 134 ; creditor of John Blakes-
ton, 134

Angelo, Henry the fencer, married Mary
Bowman Swindon of West Auckland,
104 ; Michael, 242

Anglesey, earl of, letter of, 153

Anglian period, corn grinding in, 108 ;
runes of, on Bewcastle cross, 221

Annandale, marquis of, letter to. con-
cerning the 1715 rising, 86

Anne, queen, 259 ; her husband and
children, 259

Annesley, lord, 150

Annual reports, 24, 109

Antenociticus, Roman altars from Ben-
well dedicated to, 142, 143 ; Robert
Mowat on, 176

Antonine Wall, the, 288

Antonines, coins of the, found at Fierce-
bridge, 124

Antoninus Pius, inscribed tablet dis-
covered in Tyne, temp., 72 ; coins of,
from Tyne at Newcastle, 94 ; from
Trow Rocks, 102

Appleby [Applebey] Anthony, and
others, action against, for absence
from church, 264 ; John de, rector of
Whitburn, 143

Aquileia, a Roman amphora from, 189

Arbelows, Derbyshire, planof, 174

Archaeologia Aeliana, new series of, 61 ;
F. W. Dendy on, 61 ; tender for
printing of, accepted, 102

Archaeological lectures, 259 ; F.W. Den-
dy on, 259

Archbrtt, John, of Ford, attended mus-
ter, 194; William, of Ford, attended
muster, 194

Argyle, duke of, his house at Chirton, 41

Armorer, Francis of Newcastle, 181

Armour, R. C. Clephan on his collection
of, at Tynemouth, 237

' Arms, An Alphabet of,' 104 ; grants
and certificates of, 156 ; ' A Book of,'
exhibited, 72

Arms, canting, on gravestones, 214 ;
royal, from the Newgate, Newcastle,
277 ; shields of, on castles of Alnwick
Bothal, Hilton, and Lumley, 278 ; of
Bowser family, 108 ; Campbell, 208 ;
of lord Crewe on a sculptured panel,
147 ; formerly on Tyne bridge, 147 ;
of Thomas Heron on seal, 181 ; of
Howard, 235 ; impaling Dacre, 235 ;
of Lawson of Usworth, &c., 156 ; of
general Leslie, 156 and n ; of Lome,
208 ; of Sir Wm. Lorraine on sea
183 ; of Thomas Meggison on sea
182 ; of Newcastle, 147 ; of John Or
on seal, 183 ; of Papedy family, 188n
of Thomas Penrith, 276 ; of Rede, 31
of Timothy Robson on seal, 180 ; o
Sir John Scott on seal, 183 ; o
Stewart, 208 ; of Tayk r quartering
Weather ley of Newcastle, 106 ; o

INDEX : ARM — AXES

295

Matthew White, 180 ; of Widdring-
ton, 81, 83, 87 ; of Mitford, 291

Armstrongs, 232 ; of the Calfhills, the,
229

Armstrong [Armestronge], (and an-

I other), pledges at York, 232; surname
and friends of, 232 ; lord, purchase of
Bamburgh castle and estate by, 167 ;
widow, 7; Gecrge, cf Sandhoe, grant
by, of land at Sandhce, 178 ; Cather-
ine, daughter, grant by, of same, 178 ;
John, of the Hollers, leader of incur-
sions into Cumberland, cattle taken
fr~>m, 231 ; John Hobart, elected,
117; Lawrence, lands in Ulgham of,
77 ; Richard, of North Shields, 38 ;
Rinion, murdered near Askerton
castle, 218 ; Thomas, 218

Arnison, F., junr., witness to a deed, 179

Arrowheads, Roman, of iron, presented,
26 ; of flint, found in Northumber-
land and Durham, 271

Arundel, earl of, apprehension of, for
conspiracy, 217 ; his attainder, 217 ;
lady, and manor of Ulgham, 76

Ashford, Derbyshire, grant of manor
and lordship of, 155

Ashstead common camp, Surrey, 62

Askerton manor, Grames, tenants of,
217 ; yearly fee of Richard Grame,
bailiff of, 218 ; rents of lord William
Howard, 219 ; lordship, muster of
armed men of, 216 ; entered by
Dacres, 216 ; Rinion Armstrong
murdered near, 218; survey of, in
1580, 216 ; in decay, 216 ; needed
repair, 229 ; house, &c., Thomas
Carleton had, 219; castle, 217 ; visit
to, 215 ; description of , 215 ; plan of,
215 ; latrines, 216 ; stabling, 216 ;
inscription in kitchen, 216 ; inscrip-
tion on leads, 215 ; built by Thomas,
second baron Dacre cf Gilsland, 215 ;
Carletons, land sergeants of, 215 ;
duel between, and Thomas Musgrave,
215

Assize Rolls, extracts from, 194, 201

Asketill, Robert son of, 225

Askew, Thomas, 9

Atcheson, Edward of Great Ryal, 176 ;
George, of Great Ryal, 176

Athie, Cuthbert, 7

Atkins [Atkyns], Edward, 209; Thomas,
alderman of London, creditor of
John Blakeston, 134

Atkyns Close, Stanhope, 12 ; meadow.
Stanhope, 12

Atkinson, Joseph, of Newcastle, mer-
chant, 181 ; Richard, of Newcastle,

barber surgeon, 179, 180 ; Robert, of
Etal, John de Maners and son John
prosecuted for killing, 200 ; com-
pensation for, 200 ; Wemyss H.,
elected, 145

Atkyns, see Atkins

Attainders of Leonard Dacre and earl of
Arundel, 217

Attonius Quintianus, a mensor, name of,
on Roman altar, 125

Attwood Family, The, presented, 101 ;
' Attwoods and their bard,' the, 146

Auckland, 12 ; demesnes, 10 ; field
names in, 10 ; park, 10 ; college of,
dissolved, 266; prebends in, 170,
266 ; deanery of, 179 ; dean, 170 ;
value of, 170 ; wages of choristers,
170 ; castle, 10 ; or manor, keeper
of, 13 ; chapel of, ordinations in, 56,
57, 60; park, keeper of , useless, 13;
' pallaier ' of, 13

Auckland St. Andrews, visitation in,

263 ; tombstone of Anne Dobson in

graveyard, 262n ; Escomb held with,

267 ; St. Helen Auckland and Es-

I combe, chapels to, 266

Auckland St. Helens, meeting at, 138,

261 ; tithes of, 265 ; Carr mansion
at, 261 ; bounds of, 262 ; prebends of,
value of, 170 ; church, 261 ; des-
cribed by rev. J. V. Kemp, 261 ; by
rev. J. F. Hodgson, 261 ; a chapel
to South Church, 266 ; communion
plate and bells, 261 ; entries in
register, 261, 264n ; curates, 263,
264, 265 ; stipend of curate increased
266 ; gravestone of ' Poor Charles,'
262 ; Wm. Gargrave, a recusant,

262 ; mass said in, 262 ; broken into,
262 ; papists, 264 ; Anabaptists and
Quakers in, 264 ; parish clerks, 263 ;
churchwardens, 263 ; Robert Eden,
buried in quire of, 263

Auckland and Binchester preoend,

value of, 170
Auckland, North, assignment by Wm.

Pollard of mansion, 156; ' Seynt Anne

Chare' in, 156
Aukland, Robert de, vicar of Hertburn,

and others, grant to, 163 r^J
Augsburg, a great armour-making

centre, 239 f-

Augustus, an Alexandrian coin of,

found near Darlington, 90
Aurelia, a tombstone erected to her

husband by, in Roman times, 90,124
Avidius Rufus, a centurial stone

naming, 286
Axes, battle, &c., 248 ; axe-head, iron

296

INDEX ; AYD — BAR

r found at Bawtry, 273

Aydon, 'forest,' 291 ; -sheles kirk, Up-
per Coquetdale, 292

Aynsley, R. J., elected, 93

Ayr, Robert, pledges of, amerced, 194

Ayremynne, Wm. de, ordination of,
143n ; rector of Whitbum, 143 ; re-
signation of, 143n ; attorney of dame
Eleanor de Percy, demise by, 116

Babington, Sir Henry, knight, 70

Bacon's Liber Regis, 199

Bacon, John, purchased Newton Cap
estate, Sn ; in ' Book of Rates,' 8n

Badges of Dacre, Howard, &c., 235

Bailes, Thomas, elected, 117 (See also
Bayles)

Baifey gate, Newcastle, G. B. Richard-
son's drawing of part of, 137

Bainbridge [Bainbrigg], Christopher,
demise by, 5 ; John Drake, witness
to a deed, 183 ; Robt., sen. and jun.,
debtors in Durham prison, 16, 17
(See also Baynbrice)

* Bairmore,' see Barmoor

Baker, Mrs., of Elemore, bride's coffer
of, 39 ; Thomas, recto? of Whitburn,
144

Baliol, family founded chantry chapel
at Piercebridge, 130 ; John, father
of John, king of Scotland, 130

Balls, cannon, found near Scottish ford
on Coquet, 30

* Balmbrough,' Drake's * Account of

Deanery of, 188

Bambarrow, Mary, and others, of Bar-
moor, recusants, 190

Bamburgh church and castle, country
meeting at, 138, 165 ; British burial
ground at, 167 ; ' Danish cemetery '
at, 204 ; description of graves, 204 ;
* bowl-hole ' at, 204 ; pre-conquest
remains found at, 167 ; release of
William Elmeden, knight, late re-
ceiver general of , 1 1 6 ; constable, &c. ,
of town of, 169 ; land at, granted for a
chaplain at St. Aidan's church. 169 ;
castle, letter relating to, 169 ; Col-
lingwoods owed suit to, 169 ; men
of Bamburgh had lease of demesne
lands of, 169 ; ' greet gonnes ' used at
siege of temp. Edw. iv., 167 ; taken
by assault, 167 ; given by king to
Sir Henry de Beaumont, 169 ; (and
estate) sale of, to lord Armstrong,

. 167 ; Mr. Hart on, 166 ; letter of
T. Hodgkin concerning, 167 ; prof.
McKenny Hughes and discoveries at,

203 ; styca found at, 204 ; St.
Aidan's church, 165 ; visitation in,
198 ; bequest of a vestment to, 169 ;
grant of land for a chaplain at, 165 ;
'lowside' window, 165; carved capital,
167 ; Grace Darling's tomb, 165 ;
her cottage, 165

Bamburgh ward and Sir Francis Brand-
ling, 190

Baumburgh, Thomas de, parson of
Embleton, grant by, 169

Banners in castle, 112 ; a sheet of
coloured drawings of, 36 ; of St.
Cuthbert, sent against Scots, 19 In

Barberland, Bishop Auckland, 8, 9

Baret, Adam, coroner for Northumber-
land, 56

Barmoor, lords of Marches assembled
at, in 1417, 190; Spearman's notes
relating to, 190 ; owners of, 190 ;
Edward Muschamp of, 186 ; held in
1272 by William de Muschamp, and
temp. Elizabeth by George Mus-
champ, 190 ; Muschamp interest in
sold, 189n ; cattle stolen from, by
Scots, 190; horsemen, &c., of— a vil-
lage of George Muschamp' s — at mus-
ter, 189 ; 100 footmen at, 186 ; people
of, 'sessed' for seizing wreck, 186;
recusants of, 190 ; tithes of, 189 ; of
mill, 189 ; last Muschamp of, 189 ;
Gatherrick stead, horsemen in, 190 ;
castle, visit to, 189 ; the property of
Sitwells, 189 ; occupied by T. Hodg-
kin, 189 : site of ancient tower for
which licence granted in 1341. 189 ;
survey of, in 1415, 189; 'in extreme
decaye ' in 1541, 189 ; wood, lord
Howard and his son lodged in, night
before battle of Branxton, 190

Barnard castle, licence to Richard, duke
of Gloucester, to found a college at,
171

Barnes, family, inscribed stone com-
memorating a member of , 108; bishop
of Durham/108; bailiff of Darling-
ton, 108

Barres, William de, 238

Barrington, Shute, bishop of Durham,
petition to, 16

Barrow, Robert, mayor of Berwick,
killed under Ford castle walls, 192

Barrows, British, in Cliffe park, on Tees,
130

Bart, Jean, landed on Northumberland
coast, 82

Bartram, Thomas, chaplain of perpetual
chantry of Fernakers, death of, 172
(See also Bertram)

INDEX : BAS — BER

297

Basildon moat, Essex, plan of' 136

Basingstoke, Hants, grant of fee farm
of, 155

Basire, Dr., rector of Stanhope, 20, 21,
22

Basket-hilted swords, 254

Batavian troops at Procolitia, 51

Battle church, capitals of columns in,
167

Bawtry, Yorkshire, iron axe- head found
at, 273

Bayles, Henry, 8 ; of Newton Cap, not
entitled to bear arms, 8n ; governor
of Auckland grammar school, Sn ;
Thomas, 8, 9 ; William, merchant
adventurer of Newcastle, apprentice
to, 54 (See also Bailos)

Baynbrice, Richard, 155

Baynes, Mr., 8 ; Robert, of Escomb, 267

Beacons, burnt by Dacres, 216 ; on
Widdrington tower head, charge of,
84

Beadnell tower bequeathed by Thomas
Forster to his son, 84n

Beard, Thomas, 80 (See also Bard,
Bart)

Bearpark, see Beaurepaire

Beasby, co. Lincoln, grant of manor of,
155

Beast gates, 12

Beauchamp, Richard, earl of Warwick,
effigy of, 239

Beaumont, Sir Henry de, king gave
Bamburgh castle to, 169 ; Thomas
Wentworth, purchase by, of honour,
castle and manor of Bywell and
manor of Stocksfield hall, fishery in
Tyne, &c., 183

Beauraing, near Dinant, armour from
castle of, 243

Beaurepaire, retreat of Durham monks
at, destroyed by Scots, 139

Bedburnpark, 12

Beddoe, Dr., of Bradford-on-Avon, on
remains from Brandon hill grave, 140

Bede memorial at Roker, appeal for, 52

Bedlington, John Ellison, vicar of, 290

Beeley, co. Worcester, pardon for ac-
quiring manor of, without licence, 172

Bek, bishop of Durham, arrangement
between king and, relating to bounds,
262 ; letter of pope's penitentiary to,
concerning harsh treatment of Walter
de Wytton, 59

Bell, Adame, from Ancroft, at muster,
186 ; John, his collection of papers
relating to Tyne bridge, presented,
145 ; witness to a deed, 180 ; of
Cambridge, and others, appointed to

supply king's household in north,
184; William, a burgess of Newcastle,
274, 275 ; of Shelos, co. Northumber-
land, and others, appointed to pro-
vide king's household in north, 184

Bellises, of Jarro ws recovered from palsy
and ' quinten,' 104 ; Sir Henry, 9

Bellerbye, John, 6

BELLINV on a stone from Gainford, 128

Bells, and others, of Gilsland, climbed
walls of Naward castle, 216

Bells at Mitford church, 55

Bell's close, Stockton, 10

Belsay, Trewick and deed, relating to,
163 ; well in castle of, 34

Belt, Bryan, 8

Benedictine cell at Warkworth, 63 ;
monks, a cell of, at Widdrington, 82

Benlows, Mr.., ejected from Mitford, 57

Bennett, Robert, bursar of Durham,
rental of, in 1539, 186, 189, 202

Ben well, a Roman altar found at, 142

Berdesey, co. York, grant of free farm
of manor of, 1 55

Berdiche, a, 249

Berengarins, bishop of Frascati, the
pope's penitientary, letter of, 59

Berewyk, Roger, son of Ralph de, fine
levied by, 57

Bergen museum, the curator of, 47

Bergevenny, Edward and George, lords,
171

Berkley wood, 12

Bermeton, Walter de, land of, at Auck-
land, 262

Bertrams attainted, 99

Bertram, Henry, grant by, 155 ; Robt.,
demise of ferry at Sunderland, 5 ;
witness to a grant, 155 ; Roger, held
Mitford barony by five knights fees,
57 ' he alienated same, 57 ; forfeited
Mitford, 57 'n ; and Dthers, alienated
manors of Eland, &c., 57 ; Roger, son
of Roger, of Mitford, grant by. of
Glanteley, 115 ; grant by. of Felton
mill, 155; lord of Mitford, grant by,
155 ; Roger IIT. confirmed Aldworth
to Newminster, 56 ; Sir Roger, of
Bothal, witness to a grant, 115 (See
also Bartram)

Berwick, extracts from the Patent
Rolls relating to, 164; a supposed
Roman road north of, 131 ; fine
levied for house in, 57 ; oak carvings
from old house at, 39; letter dated at,
195; James I. proclaimed king at,
85 ; Henry, earl of Northumberland,
captain of, 164 ; Richard Draper,
clerk of works at castle, 164 ; Robert

298

INDEX : BET — BIB

Heron, parson of Ford, ' custos ' of,
190 ; governors of, 84w ; lord
Hunsdon, 190 ; marshals of, 84 ;
mayor of, 190 ; Robert Barrow,
killed under Ford castle walls, 192;
George Porter, chief carpenter of.
104 ; William Selby, gentleman por-
ter of, 190 ; Sir Henry Wo ddrington,
marshal and deputy governor of, 84 :
horsemen of, 84 ; three pieces of
great ordnance at, 84 ; Thomas
Clerke, vicar of, 198 ; now part of
Northumberland, 144 ; bridge, does
not connect England and Scotland,
144; borough seal of, 282

Betun, Baldwin de, earl of Albemarle,
155

Bealy, curate of Ancroft, 185

Beverley, grant of land called ' Manth-
lome ' near, 155 ; Henry, earl of
Northumberland, buried at, 194

Bewcastle. meeting at, 138, 213 ; from
Gaelic ' Bueth,' yellow-haired, 225 ;
demesnes, &c., of, 217 ; Sir Symon
Musgrave, captain of, 217 ; Thomas
Musgrave, captain of, 215 ; charge
of captain of, 231 ; Musgrave,
captain of, 231 ; Richard Musgrave,
appointed deputy at, 230 ; sur-
names in, 231 ; raid of men of, into
Scotland, 231 ; Plumpton park
belonged to office of, 231 ; account
of a fray at, 232 ; horsemen in, 230 ;
a deputy to be appointed for, 230 ;
Thomas Musgrave, deputy warden
of, 220 ; given to earl of Cumberland,
220 ; held by Sir Richard Grame,
220 ; said to have been destroyed by
Cromwell, 220 ; John Routledge,
bailiff of, 233 ; nightly raids in, 230 ;
borderers petition for protection, 230;
horsemen and foot for, 230 ; border
riders of, 230 ; men murdered, 229 ;
land in, given to Wetheral priory,
225 ; old names of, 225 ; ' a football
playing ' at, 232 ; market and fair
at, 225; light horsemen from, at
muster, 229 ; inhabitants of, did not
attend Eskdale muster, 229

Bewcastle castle, 219 ; W. G. Colling-
wood on, 219 ; Roman altars, &c.,
from, 220 ; original castle merely a
stockaded stronghold, 225 ; size of
casrle, 225 ; Multons owners, 225 ;
John Swinburne, 225 ; held by Jack
Musgrave, 226 ; needed repair, 229 ;
almost to ruin, 229 ; chiefest tenants
slain by Scots, 229 ; garrison sent to
Carlisle, 229

Bewcastle, St. Cuthbert's church : given
to Carlisle priory, 225 ; no income to
support a chaplain, 225 ; interior of,
before restoration, 227 ; a little
chapel dedicated to Virgin, 220n;
restorations of, 226 ; shortened, 220 ;
value of, 220 ; rectors of, 220, 228 ;
Edward Musgrave, suspected of
breaking into house of parson of,
233 ; communion plate, 220 & n ;
registers, 220 ; piscina and aumbry,
and sculptured heads, 220 ; medieval
grave covers, 228 ; tombstone, 228 ;
pre-conquest inscribed cross in
churchyard, 220 ; description of,
220 ; canon Rawnslov on, 220

Bewcastle wastes, cattle on, 233

Bewcastle, Robert of, joined William
the Lion, 225 ; his sisters, 225

Bihlia Oregoriana, 222

Bigbye, John, 7

Bigge, Matthew R., elected, 71

Bills, English, from Newcastle town
armoury, 248

'Bills,' English and Scottish, 195

Bilton, Eli, the Newcastle silversmith,
his mark on a tankard, 132 ; John
de, preceptor of Chibburn, 87

Binbury camp. Kent, plan of, 106

Binchester, 123 ; value of prebends of
Auckland and of, 170

Bird, Henry Soden, elected, 117

Birkley, forester of, 1 3

Birtley, North Tynedale, grant of land
in, 155; an iron object said to be
from, 286

Bisaccia, ordinations by Richard,
bishop of, 57, 198, 260

Biscoe, Elisha, and Ford church, 199

Biscop, Benedict, 222 ; brought masons
from France, 222 ; his journeys to
and from Italy, 223

Bishop Auckland, land in North Bond-
gate given to St. Helens Auckland,
200 ; steward of borough court at,

j^ 1 3 ; Bondgate tenants and rents, 8 ;

^_ Whinny close, 9 ; Barberland, &c., 9 ;

i- Whitehouse, 9 ; free grammar school,

^governors of, 8n, 201 ; charter for,

P 8n ; Robert Thompson, master, 207 ;
Charles I. at, 202 ; park, closed by
bishop, 04 ; old and new walk mills,
9 : the lime pit, 9 ; Soncley's closes,
9; St. Anne's chapel, 9. (See also
Auckland)

Bishop Middleham, a rental of baili-
wick of, 0 ; tenants of, 0, 7

Bishopwearmouth, discoveries at, 153 ;
inscription on stone at, 99 ; ' Hat

INDEX I BLA — BOW

299

and Feathers ' inn at, pulled down,
153 ; parsonage house ruined, 86 ;
tithe barn, 96 ; William Johnson ad-
mitted to rectory of, 86 ; Dr. Paley
rector, 96, 97 ; Wellesley, 97 ;
George Ratclyff presented to church
of, by king, 172

• Black Bessy's tower,' Newcastle walls,
167

' Black Boy chair,' otherwise Ha worth's,
&c., Newcastle, 181

Blackburn, Quintin, 41 ; Sarah, daugh-
ter of the rev. Mark, buried, 79

' Black Dyke ' the, 66, 69 ; enters
Northumberland at Peel fell, 129

Blackened armour, 244

Blackett, John, admittance of, to copy-
hold lands, 67 ; William, 67 : Sir
William, 21 ; lease to, 20 ; office of
moormaster of Stanhope sold to, 20

Black friars postern. Newcastle walls,
161

Blackgate, Newcastle, photograph of,
presented, 269 ; G. B. Richardson's
drawing of west front of, 138

Blacklock and office of Bewcastle, 231

Blackwell. 12 ; copyhold lands, 11 ;
south, east, and north fields, 1 1 ; field
names, 11 ; town of, 11

Bladen, Colouel, 'translator of Ccesars
Commentaries,'' held Barmoor, 190

Blair, C, H, presented carving of royal
arms, 29 ; on the royal arms from
the Newgate, Newcastle, 277 ; R.,
note by, on newly discovered Roman
centurial stones from the Wall, 175

Blake; Francis, 199 ; letter of, 195 ;
Sir Francis, married co-heiress of
Carrs. 192 ; their daughter Mary,
192 ; Sir Francis owned Ford, 192 ;
letter from Ford to, 195

Blakeston [Blac ids tone, Blackstone,
Blaxton], Francis, rector of Whit-
burn, 144; John, jun., son of, 134;
assignment by, 134; John, M.P. for
Newcastle, 119; better addressed to,
119; present at trial of Charles I.,
119; John, of Newton,, Durham, and
Newcastle, M.P., and of Ireland, 134 ;
amounts owing by, 134 ; creditors of,
134 ; Susanna, widow of, 134 ; Sir
Robert, cellarer of Durham, and
others, banner of St. Cuthbert under
charge of, 19 In

Blanchland, Rev. A. Johnson on, 109

Bliridewell, Esthertwayton, Northum-
berland, 116

Blyth, Mr. Mowbray's account of
wharfage of, 260

Blythman land, Bishop Auckland, 8]

Boag, William, facing 290

Bocherbye, Richard, 6

Bockenfield, grant of waste chapel at,
58

Bodbury Ring, Dorsetshire, plan of, 29

Bodleian library, Oxford, a Delaval
' Diary ' in, 149

Bolbek, grant of manor and lordship of,
155

Bollihope moor, 17

Bolsover, Derbyshire, plan of British
camp at, 282

Bolton, Richard de, attorney for John
de Oggill, 115 ; Thomas de, field of
outlet for ' Escum,' 262

Bombartell, Edward, 167; Richard, 167

Bonfire at Whalton, 59, 103 ; Sir
Benjamin Stone and, 59 ; at New-
castle, 103

Boniface, bishop of Corbania, ordina-
tions by, 57, 60

Bonner, Thomas, mayor of Newcastle,
177, 178

' Book of Arms,' a, exhibited, 72

Books presented, &c., 1, 25, 29, 35, 49,
61, 71, 89, 93, 101, 105, 117, 135, 145,
173, 207, 257, 269, 281

Booth, Laurence, bishop of Durham,
171 ; appointed archbishop of York,
171 ; mandate to restore temporal-
ities to, 171

Border, inscription on Askertoii castle
of rebels crossing, in 1745, 216

Border Tower, Under a, H. M Neville's,
200n

Border Papers, Calendar of, local ex-
tracts from, 216 (iSee also Calendar)

• Borders, ' Rules for the defence of the,'
216

Boterwyk, Robert, lord of Graystoke,
buried at Greystoke, 76

Bothal banks, timber lying at, 86 ;
castle, shields of arms on, 278

Botteland, Richard de, grant to, 155

Bottles, glass, names of, 36

' Bough Meyers,' Auckland, 10

Bouillon, prov. Luxembourg, a hoard
of Spanish coins found at, 270

Boulogne psalter, the, 222

Boundary marks, crosses and oak trees
used as, 75

' Bounder oak,' Ulgham, 76

Bourne, Newcastle, 275

Bowes, Sir George, bishop of Durham's
moormaster, 19 ; right hon. John,
earl of Strathmore, party to a deed,
104 ; Margery, action against, for
absence from church, 264 ; Mary,

300

INDEX ! BOW — BRU

daughter of John, of Bedale, facing
290 ; Ralph, grant to, of ferry at Sun-
derland, 5; witness to a grant, 155 ;
Robert, witness to a deed, 180 ; Sir
Wm., bishop of Durham's moor-
master, 19; Jetter relating to Bew-
castle, 231

\ Bowl-hole,' Bamburgh, 204

Bowman, Wm., curate of Ulgham,
buried, 79 ; Elizabeth, daughter of,
78

Bows, 216

Bowser, Thomas, gift of a silver tank-
ard to, 108

Bradford, George, of Bamburgh, alias of
Bradforth, general pardon to, 212 ;
Jasper, of North Middleton, alias of
Bradford, general pardon to, 212

Bramhall, William, curate of Whitburn,

Brampton, Roman gold coin found at,
54 ; musters at, 216, 218 ; the 'mote'
at, 213 ; Howard monument on the,
214 ; W. G. Collingwood on, 214 ;
old church, 214 ; probably a chantry
chapel, 214 ; medieval grave covers,
214 ; tombstones of ' statesmen ' in
churchyard, 214

Branch, Jane, a debtor in Durham
prison, 17

Brandling, Sir Francis, and Bamburgh
ward, 190; [Brandlyne], Henry,
complaint against, 277 ; [Brandling],
Henry, alderman of Newcastle, Wm.
Carr, one of supervisors of will of.
194 ; Sir Robert, one of Edward VI.
commissioners, 130

Brandon chapel, Northumberland, dis-
coveries at, 131 ; plan of, 132 ; burials
in churchyard, 132 ; Mr. J. R. Carr-
Ellison on, 140 ; grave stones at,
140 ; tithe map shewing, 142 ; last
funeral at, 142

Brandon hill, co. Durham, Ancient
British grave on, 139 ; description of,
by Mr. Peirson, 139 ; plan of site, 141

' Brankes hill,' a great army of Scots at,
IQln

Branxton, battle of, 190 ; church, ap-
propriated to cell at Warkworth, 63

Bransdale, see Brauncedale

Brass [Brasse], Robert, grant of lead
mines to, 19n; Stephen, 8; William, 8

Brasside common, 9

Brasses : in private possession at Fierce-
bridge, rubbing of, 88 ; of Roger
Thornton, 2 ; notes of Flemish, 2 ;
of Sir John Gaynesford, 241

Brauncedale, grant of manor of, 155

Breedon hill, Leicestershire, plan of
British camp on, 282

Bremenium garrisoned by first cohort
of Varduli, 142

Brendon castle, Warwickshire, plan of,
282

Brides' coffers, 39, 40

Bridlington, queen Henrietta Maria
landed at, 120

Brinkburn, William, prior of, claimed
rights to St. Leonard's chapel, 58 ;
agreement between St. Leonard's
hospital and, 58 ; prior of, to have
Bockenfield chapel, 58 ; and convent
of, presented to chantry in Ford
chapel, 198

Brinklow hills, plan of British camp
on, 282

Britain,. Roman legions in, 5 In : Julius
Verus. a new Roman legate in, 92, 145

' Britannia,' Roman coins with re-
verse of, 102 ; a second brass coin of
Hadrian with, from Tyne, 64

Britford church near Salisbury, Saxon
doorways, 266

Brittany, nation, &c. of, 212 ; Francis,
duke of, proclamation of truce be-
tween king and, 279

Briwerr, Wm., witness to a grant, 155

Broad oak, the, St. Helens Auckland,262

Brock-Hollinshead, Mrs., death of, 110;
Miss E., elected, 105

Brokenfend, Adam de, of Hedon, 56

Bronze period, a stone axe hammer of,
found in Newcastle, 146 ; celts from
Stanwick, Yorkshire, 64

Broomrig, house of Susan Carr at, set
on fire, 195

Brough, Derbyshire, excavations in
Roman camp at, 145 ; underground
chamber discovered, 145 ; Ancient
British camp at, plans of, 174; Roman
inscription from, 145

Brough, John, of Newcastle, 181

Browell, Mark, of Newcastle, grant to,
of premises on Quayside, Newcastle,
179

Brown [Browne], prof. G. Baldwin, on
Escombe church, 26fi ; Richard, 7 ;
Sir Richard, vicar of Heddon, 169;
Thomas, Norroy King of Arms, 290;.
William, 79; chaplain, 163 ; church-
warden of St. Helens Auckland, 263

Bruce, Dr., his Lectures on Old New-
castle, 135

Brudenell, lord, 150

Brumpton, Wm., son of Thomas de,
action of abbot of Newminster
against, 59

INDEX : BRU— CALE

301

Brunswick cathedral, frescoes in, 246

Brusteldon [Brusselton] moor, 262

Buccleugh, laird of, ran a foray into
Cumberland, 230

Br.chastre, an old name for Bewcastle,
225

Buckingham, Henry, duke of, 184, 279 ;
[Bukyngham] Sir John de} attorney
of earl of March, 116

Buknell, John of Wyndesere, and
others, appointed to provide king's
household while in north, 184

Buddie, John, 266 ; noticed founda-
tions of Roman wall in river Tyne, 45

Bucth, a great landowner in Gilsland,
225 ; Gilles, son of. 225 ; Bueth, jun.
gave land to Wetheral, 225

Butthby, Gilsland, 225

Buetholme, Gilsland, 225

Bullein's Bulwarks of Defence against all
Sickness, 104

Bullock, Christopher, churchwarden of
Mitford, 57

Bull Ring camp, Derbyshire, plan of, 14

Bulman, Robert, of Newcastle, notary
public, witness to a deed, 178

Buhner, the Darlington crier, 108 ;
Alphonsus, 17

* Bulmer's stone,' a boulder in North-
gate, Darlington, 108

Burdett, Edward, and others, final
concord between, 208

Burdoss, Edmund, witness to a deed,
178 ; [Burdus], Richard, witness to a
deed, 181

Burfa bank camp, Radnorshire, 106

Burgh barony, steward of the, 217

Burgh, Thomas, lord of Gainsborough,
confirmed St. Leonard's chapel to
Newminster, 58 ; his wife Margaret,
58

Burghley, lord, letters to, 84, 194, 195,
217, 218, 229, 231

Burgo, William de. rector of Whitburn,
143

Burgo yne, Sir R.. letters of, 85n

Burgundians used hand guns at second
battle of St. Albans, 250

Burgundy, Philip, duke of, diet between
English king and, 279

' Burhs,' 214

Burials in Brandon chapel yard, North-
umberland, 132 ; af Ulgham, 79 ;
Ancient British, at Bamburgh, 204 ;
on Brandon hill, co. Durham, 139 ;
description of, 139, 140 ; plan of site,
141 ; Dr. Beddoe on, 140

Burman, C. C., exhibited rare seven-
teenth century tract, 271

[tfewc. Proc., 3 Ser, I.

Buirn, All on, elected, 173

Bur net, John, parish clerk of St.

Helens Auckland, 263
Burnop [Burnehop], John, of St. Helens

Auckland, 262 ; churchwarden of

same, 263
Burns, George, 1
Burnstead Heath camp, Surrey, plan

of, 62
Burrell, Richard, churchwarden of

Escombe, 266 ; Robert, of Millfield,

bond of, 177 ; Thomas, of Kylham,

bond to, 177 ; parish clerk of Wid-

drington, 81

Burrough, James, justice, 183
Burrow camp, Dorsetshire, plan of, 29 ;

hill, Leicestershire, plan of British

camp on, 282
Bursars of Durham, Robert Bennett,

262 ; Sir Robert Stroder, 19 In
Burton in Lonsdale, ' mote ' at, 214
Bury ditches, Dorsetshire, plan of, 29 ;

camp, Leicestershire, pl<in of, 282
Bury, bishop of Durham, note on grave

of, 282
Butler, Elizabeth, daughter of Sir James,

wife of Edward Moises, 290
Buttrecrambe, grant of manor of, 155
' Byermore.' see Barmoor
Byers green, hoppings at, 66n
Byfield, John, witness to a deed, 182
Byland, see Old Byland
By well, Rev. A. Johnson on, 109 ;

honour, castle and manor of, 183 ;

manor and lordship of, grant of, 1 55 ;

St. Andiew, liberties, &c., in, 183 ;

advowson of church of, 183 ; St.

Peter, liberties, &c., in, 183

Caer-din Ring, Dorsetshire, plan of, 29
Caesar's camp, Folkestone, plan of, 106;

Commentaries, Col. Bladen, trans-
lator of, 190
Caise, William, curate of St. Helens

Auckland, 263
Caithness, Scotland, Spaniards landed

at, 190

Calabre, Sir Wm. de, chaplain, 116
Caldcottes, co. Hunt., grant of manor

of, 155
Calder abbey, said to have been ruined

by Cromwell, 226
' Calcekyrke, near Bokenfelde,' waste

chapel of, 58 ; prior of Brinkburn to

have, 58
Cale Cross, Newcastle, 275

302

INDEX : CAL — CAB

Calendar of Border Papers, local extracts

from, 216, 229 ; of Patent Rolls, local

extracts from, 171, 184, 212,279,292;

of State Papers, Ireland, local extracts

from, 134

Calf close, the, Stanhope, 1 1
Calpurnian family, a denarius of the,

from beach at South Shields, 273
Calveley, Alan de, action of abbot of

Newminster against son of, 59
Calverdon, grant of lands in, 155
Calverley, John, 67
Cambow, Walter de, held a fee and a

half in Mitford barony, 57
Camhou, Robert de, witness to grants,

116, 155

Cammakegle meadow, Stanhope, 11
Campbell, arms of, 208 ; George, 208 ;

John of North Carolina, 208
Campden, Viscount, bought rents of

Pierceb ridge chantry chapel, 130
Camps, 174 ; on Cockfield fell, 69 ;

near Winston station, 69. (See also

Ancient British)
Candelyng, Raffe, and others held Etal

in 1509, 201
Cannon balls, &c., found on Carlbury

hill near Pierceb ridge, 131
Canterbury prerogative court, local

extracts, 70 ; ' Dane John ' at, plan

of, 106
' Capella,' Ancroft a, under Holy Island,

187 ; What is a ? see under ' Addi-
tions,' &c.
Capstick, Thomas, curate of Escomb,

267 ; replies to bishop's queries, 267
Carells, Thomas, all men in garrison of,

sent to Carlisle, 229
Carey, Sir Robert, account of foray

into Cumberland, 232 ; married

widow of Sir John Widdrington, 85 ;

proclaimed James I., S5n ; James I.

entertained by, 85n ; letters to and

from, 190, 194, 195
Carlbury, township of, 123 ; beck, 123 ;

hill, battery erected by royalists on,

131 ; cannon balls, &c., found at, 131
Carletons, letter of bishop of Durham

concerning the, 231 ; had all queen's

houses of strength in Gilsland, 218 ;

dealt with according to law, 218 ;

and Musgraves, variance between,

216
Carleton [Carlton], Anthony, indicted

for march treason, 218 ; Guy,

indicted for march treason, 218 ;

Lancelot, a horse belonging to, 216 ;

held Naworth castle, &c., 219 ;

Thomas, 217 ; land sergeant of

Gilsland, and his brother Lancelot,
217; servants of 'pulled out' of
' Naward castle ' by Bells and others,
216 ; held Askerton house, &c., 219 ;
indicted for march treason, 218 ;
keeps ' Thurllway castle,' 218 ;
treachery of, 218 • refused to give
up possession of land sergeantship,
219 ; Thomas, and others, informa-
tion against, 216- 'Thomas, junior,
1576,' inscription on Askerton castle,
216

Carliol croft, 157; tower, Newcastle, 160

Carlisle, Roman altars from Bewcas-
tle at Tullie house in, 220 ; letter
dated from, 86 ; castle, Carletons
and Grames charged with conspiring
•to break into, 218 ; chapter house,
carved oak from, 39, 40, 41 ; priory,
church of Bewcastle given to, 225 ;
diocese, 'Bannes' in, 196; bishops
of : John, ordinations by, 57, 60, 198 ;
Nicolson, 226

Carlisle, lord, letter to, 86 ; earl of,
Ulgham belonging to, 77 ; enter-
tained members at Naworth, 234 ;
drawing by, of Dacre badge, 235

Carlo, Nicholas de, a monk of New-
minster, ordained, 60

Carlo vingian ornamentation, 224

Carlton, see Carleton

Carpenter's tower, Newcastle, 159 ;
royal arms and those of company in,
159 ; an old iron bound box in, 159

Carpenter, General, surrender of Pres-
ton to, 86

Carrs, the, owned Ford, 192 ; and Etal,
201

Carr [ Carre, Ker ], parson of Ford, at
' great commission at Alnwick,' 199 ;
a, killed at Alnwick by Ratcliff, his
father-in-law, 192 ; widow, 8 ; Mrs.
and others, accused of setting fire to
a house, 195; Cuthbert, defender of
Newcastle, his house at St. Helens
Auckland, 261 ; one of governors of
Bishop Auckland grammar school,
261 ; his epitaph, 261 ; George, of
Ford, attended muster, 194; James,
1 ; minister at Alnwick, bequests by
will of, 195 ; James, John, and
Thomas, of Ford, accused of setting
fire to a house, 195 ; Jane and
Margaret of Ford, and others, accused
of setting fire to a house, 195 ; John,
witness to a deed, 179 ; Sir John, of
the Spielawe in Scotland, 199 ;
Joseph, of Newcastle, lands conveyed
in trust for, 182 ; Leonard, 178 ;

INDEX : CAB — CHA

303

S. S., on early monumental remains
at Tynemouth, 74 ; Susan, of Brome-
rig, house of, set on fire, 195 ; Raphe,
of Ford, bequest to, &c., 195 ; cattle
stolen from, 195 ; Sir B. Carey's
' sufficient deputy,' 195 ; juror for
east and middle marches, 1 95 ; Sir
Ralph of Cocken, grant to, of land in
Newcastle, 182 ; Thomas, rector of
Ford, 195; coheiress of, married Sir
Francis Blake, 192; of Etal, captain
of Wark, 201 ; married Elizabeth,
daughter of Wm. Heron and heiress
of Ford, 192 ; of Ford, 194 ; sheriff
of Northumberland, 195 ; dispute be-
tween Roger Muschampe, his servant,
and, 195 ; curious story about, 195 ;
Walter, a Scot, cattle of stolen, 190 ;
Wm., 195 ; parish clerk of Ford, 198 ;
of Ford, supervisor of Henry Brand-
ling's will, 194 ; Sir Wm., of Etal,
heiress of, married earl of Errol, 201

Carr-Ellison, J. R., on Brandon chapel,
Northumberland, 140

Carrawburgh, visit to, 205 ; altars, &c.,
.discovered at, 205. (See also Proco-
litia)

Carter, Peter, incumbent of Fierce-
bridge free chapel, 130 ; Richard, 7

Cartyngton, John, 280 ; and others,
commission to, to assess subsidies,
212

Cartmel fell, flail recently in use at, 290

Carving knife, a sword converted, not
into a pruning hook, but into a, 255

.' Castles, the,' Hamsterley, co. Durham,
Edward Wooler on, 64

Castle Carrock, ancient remains on fells
near, 214 ; Judge Steavenson on,
214 ; entertainment at Gelt hall by
judge, 215 ; wastes in parish, 214 ;
boundaries of, well-defined, 214

Castlefield close, Stanhope, 11

Castle Nay camp, Derbyshire, plan of,
174

Castle, Newcastle, banners in the, 112 ;
great doorway of the keep, G. B.
Richardson's drawing of, 136 ; his
drawing of chapel, 136 ; Garth,
Newcastle, densely crowded tene-
ments in, 138; stairs, Newcastle, 137

Catalogue of Ancient Deeds, local
extracts from, 116, 154

Catapult gun, 251

Cataractonium, Roman name of Catter-
ick, 123

* Catch-iron,' a, 249

Catesby, William, and others, pardon
to, 172

' Catgill lane,' near Darlington, 90
Catherick, Dorothy, married a Scrope,
90n ; Elizabeth, widow of Anthony
Catherick of Stanways, old brass to
memory of, 90 ; children of, 90 and
n ; George, of Carleton, near Stan-
wick, 90n. ; Grace, married Robert
Lambert of Owton, 90n ; Margery,
married Roger Meynell of North
Kilvington, 90n; [Cathrick,] Pierson,
of Piercebridge, exhibited an old in-
cised brass from Stanwick church, 90

Catterick, see Cataractonium

Causey park, St. Cuthbert's chapel in,
58 and n

Cavils, Chester, 12

Caynham camp, Dorsetshire, plan of, 29

Cecil, Sir Robert, letters to, 169, 190,
217, 219

Cellini, Benvenuto, 242

Cellarer of Durham, Sir Ralph Blaxton,
191n

Celts, bronze, from Stanwick, York-
shire, 66, 118

Celtic objects found at Stanwick, 129

o MAXTMI, centurial stone thus inscribed,
175

Centurial stones, Roman, discovered,
175, 286; R. O. Heslop on, 286

Cesf ord, lord Scrope had meeting with,
and demanded redress for robberies,
&c., 229

Cester, widow, of Ancroft, 186

Ceuleneer, prof. Adolf de, presented
ancient Spanish coins, &c., 270

Chain mail, 237

Chair-men in Newcastle in 1790, fares
of the, 162 ; their names, 162

Chalice, &c., of St. Helens Auckland,
stolen, 262

Chamberlain of Scotland, the king's,
196

Chambers, Abraham, creditor of John
Blackiston, 134

Chandler, bishop of Durham, 9 ; notes
of visitation in 1736, 77, 81, 189, 199,
264, 268

Chares, Newcastle, 181 ; 'SeyntAnne,'
North Auckland, 156

Charlemagne sent to Northumbria for
teachers, 224 ; Alcuin at court of,
224 ; grave of, at Aix-la-chapelle,

Charles I. at Bishop Auckland, 262 ; at
Anderson place, Newcastle, 157 ;
Charles II., Scotch ' bodle ' of, 50 ;
a halfpenny of, found in Newcastle,
31 ; Charles V. of France, 278 ;
Charles the pretender, 258

304

INDEX I CHA — CLOSE

Charlton, George V. B., elected, 105 ;
Oswald J., on old deeds relating to
- Newcastle, 176

Charter, Mark, of Newcastle, cutler, 182

Charter of Alexander, king of Scots, 52

Chatillon, the earl of Shrewsbury, killed
at, in 1453, 250

Chaunler, Henry of An croft, 186

Cheppelow, Bishop Auckland, 9

Chester, cavils, 12 ; ward, bishop of
Durham's revenue from, 13

Chester, Rev. Matthew, curate of St.
Helens Auckland, 265

Chesterfield grammar school, Hugh
Moises, a master of, facing 290

Chesters, see Cilurnum

Cheswick village, 185 ; ruined chapel
at 185

Cheviot, the « forest ' of, 291

Chevy Chase, battle of, 161

Cheyne, Henry, 155

Chibburn devastated by Scots, 87;
preceptory, lands in Ulgham belong-
ing to, 77 ; 14 cent, remains of, 86 ;
house built in 1558 when Sir John
Widdrington got grant of manor, SQn;
description of, 87 ; carved oak head
from, exhibited, 30 ; arms of Wid-
drington, &c., 87 ; preceptors, 87 ;
master and brethren, 87 ; farmhouse
burnt by French, 82 ; Widdrington
and, a country meeting at, 38, 75

Chillingham church, old font of Ancroft
given to, 187

Chipchase castle, and elevations of, 32-
34 ; discovery of a well in, 32

Chipchase, Richard, 6

Chipping Ongar, Essex, plan of camp at,
136; church, tablet to Mrs. Sarah
Mitford in, 291

Chirton hciiu.se, John Clark's, 41 ;
afterwards duke of Argyle's, 41 ;
sold to Lawson family, 41 ; pulled
down by A. de Cardonnel Lawson, 41

Chollerton church, discoveries in, 103 ;
stone with cross carved on it found
in graveyard, 156

Cholmeley, James, 1

Chopwell manor, granted to New-
minster in exchange, 60

Christ, medallic portraits of, 268 ;
standing on heads of swine on Bew-
castle cross, 221

Christ church, Oxford, Samuel Speed,
canon of, 144

Christian name, Mereday, a curious, 9

Chrome's, otherwise Elmer's chair,' &c.
Newcastle, 181

Chronicle, a quaint rhyming, 70

Church bells, St. Helen Auckland, 261 ;
plate, see Communion plate * : i^j

Cilurnum, country meeting at, 53 ;
Roman bridge at, 123 ; Roman
doorway at, 266

' Cinquedea/ a, 256

Cist, a stone, discovered at Piercebridge,
128 ; on Brandon hill, co. Durham,
139

Cistern heads, leaden, presented, 93

' Citten berge,' Stanhope, 11

Civil war letter relating to Newcastle,
119

Clapham, Anthony, 147

Clarendon, earl of, 258

Clarke, Henry, elected, 35 ; John, one of
auditors of Percy family, 41 ; his house
at Chirton, 41 ; (see also Clerk)

'Classis' of Utrecht, prof. G. A. Hulscbos
on the. 27

Claverden, manor of alienated, 57

Clavering castle, Essex, plan of, 136

Clavering [Claveringe], Edward,owned
Duddo tovt er, 203 ; witness to a bond,
177 ; James, son of Robert of
Callaly, bequest to, 203 ; devised
his manor of ' Dodoe ' to son, 203 ;
Robert, and lordship of Duddo, 263 ;
Thomas, seized goods of wrecked ship,
185 ; proceedings against him, 185 ;
William, late of Duddo, bequests of,
203

Clavis Ecclesiastica, 199

Clay statue, &c., found at Wallsend, 46

Clayton, John, on Roman centurial
stones, 287 ; Mrs. N. G., presented
Roman arrow-heads of iron, 26

Clephan, R. C., on his collection of
armour, &c., 237

Clerk [Clerke], Sir John of Penicuik,
note of, on Roman Wall, 27; Thomas,
rector of Ford, 198 ; and vicar of
Berwick, 198 ; (see also Clarke)

Cleugh, Alexander of Newcastle, 276 ;
and his wife Alice, parties to a fine,
276 ; Robert, of Newcastle, 274, 276

Cliffe hall, Yorkshire, a Roman tomb-
stone, &c., at, 90, 124 ; barrows in
park at, 130 ; cross in drive at, 131

Clifford, lord, letter to, respecting
landing of Spaniards in Scotland,
190 ; Roger de, witness to a grant,
155

Clifton field, muster at, 58

Clodius Albinus, a coin of from Tyue
at Newcastle, 118

Close, Newcastle, G. B. Richardson's
drawing of the, 136

Close, John, 7

INDEX I CLOSE — COR

305

Clun castle, plan of, 29

Clutterbuck, Thomas, bought Wark-

worth tithe barn, 64
Clyff, Richard, rector of Whitburn, 143
Coal, mines, bishop of Durham's
revenue from, 13 ; surveyor of, 13 ;
workings, old, Ferryhill, discoveries
in, 100
Cocidius, a Roman altar to, from Bew-

castle, 220
Cock, Nathaniel, creditor of John

Blackiston, 134

Cockerton, 12 ; grange close at, 11
Cockfield fell, camps on, 69
Cockles, the, Ulgham, 79
Codex Aureus, 222
Coffers, Wedding, 39
Coffins, Roman, found in Newcastle,
95 ; F. W. Rich and R. O. Heslop on,
95 ; formed of stone slabs found at
Pierceb ridge, 128 ; medieval, in
graves of chalk, found at Bermond-
sey, 118
COH vin o succi, a Roman centurial

stone thus inscribed, 175
Coins, 52 ; Roman, exhibited, 26 :
casts of gold and silver, of Hadrian,
&c., 92 ;" found at Bewcastle, 220 ;
in Side, Newcastle, 31 ; at Fierce-
bridge, 124 ; (consular,) from beach,
South Shields, 273; from St. Ste-
phen's churchyard at, 49 ; from Trow
Rocks near, 102 ; from the Tyne, 52,
64, 72, 118, 136 ; discovered at
Wallsend, 46, 72 ; English, dis-
covered, 49, 50; of Durham bishopric,
71 ; Saxon, found at Bamburgh, 204 ;
Spanish, presented, 270 ; and tokens
presented, 71
Colchester, ' largest find of early Henry

pennies' known, at, 71
Cold Kirkby, Yorkshire, British imple-
ments found in parish of, 148
Coles, William, steward of Tynemouth

manor, 118
Colledge, James, 7
Colliers from Elswick made breach in

Newcastle wall in 1644, 161
Collingham, &c., co. York, cross shafts
of eighth century, 223 ; grant of fee
farm of manor of, 155
Collington, South Notts, cheekpiece of

a Roman helmet found at, 133
Collingwood [Collyngwood, Colyng-
wood], Cuthbert, of Eslington, grants
by, 176, 177 ; Henry, witness to a
grant, 176 ; John, grant to, in trust,
201n ; of Etal, 201 ; Oswald, bailiff
of Etal, 202 ; Robert, witness to a

deed, 176 ; Thomas, of Great Ryal,
grants to, 176, 177 ; son of Sir
Cuthbert, death of, application for
-wardship, &c., of son of, 169 ; owed
suit to Bamburgh castle, 164 ; W. G.,
on a visit to the Hebrides, 268 ; on
' the mote,' Brampton, 214
Cologne merchants, grant of gold mines,

&c , in Northumberland to, 184
Colophon of Dionysius Thierry of Paris,

258

Colpitts, George, witness to a deed, 183
Colt, John, of Hertwayton, grant by,

116
Colville. Edward, of Newcastle, butcher.

181
Combe farm, Notts., plan of British

camp at, 282

Combs moss, Derbyshire, plan of, 174
Communal holding of land, 77
Communion plate of St. Helens Auck-
land, 261 ; of Bewcastle, 226 and » ;
of Irthington, 214 ; of Mitford, 55 ;
of Piercebridge free chapel, 130 ; of
Ulgham, 78 ; of Widdrington, 81
Company of Masons of Newcastle, 160
Comyne, Francis, of Whitby, bond of,

1 ; Mary, of Durham, bond of, 1
Coniscliffe, High, see High Coniscliffe
Constable, Mrs., 263
Constans, a coin of, exhibited, 118;

found in Newcastle, 31
Constantine II., coin of, found in New-
castle, 26
' Convenit, le,' 188
Conyers, Jo., 8 ; William, of Hornby,

Yorkshire, witness to a grant, 156
Cook, Mr., owner of Barmoor, 190
Copper mines at Melsonbv, 129
Copperthwaite, Peter, 9
Coquet, Scottish ford on the, 31 ; -dale,
Upper, a forgotten church in, 291;
D. D. Dixon's History of, 112
Corbania, Boniface, bishop of, ordina-
tions by, 57, 60

Corbridge, John Penreth and property
at, 276 ; church dedicated to St.
Andrew, 211 ; fair (see Stagshaw-
bank)

' Corbyn quarts,' bottles so named, 36
Corder, Percy, on two sculptured panels
from Gilpin's yard, Pilgrim street,
147 ; Walter S., on Roman dis-
coveries at Wallsend, 42 ; exhibited
Roman coins from Wallsend, 72
Corn grinding in early period, 108
Cornage and drengage, Dr. Lapsley on,

268
Corner tower, Newcastle, 160

306

INDEX I COR — CUM

Cornforth township, tenants in, 7
Coroner for Northumberland, Adam

Baret, 56
Corsenside church, medieval grave

cover at, 164
Corneto, effigy at, 241
' Corseke,' a, 249
Cosin, bishop of Durham, 20 • a rare

tract relating to charges against,

exhibited, 271

Cotlowe.Thomas. witness to a deed, 178
Cottyngham, grant of manor of, 155
Cotun, Ralph de, 56
Coulson, H. J. B., presented Roman

centurial stones found near Aesica,

176 ; William, of Jesmond, 48
Council, annual report of, for 1902, 24 ;

for 1903, 114; and officers, elected

for 1903, 24 ; for 1904, 114
Coundon, letter relating to building a

church at, in 1839, 209
Country meetings for 1903, 36 ; for

1904, 138: at Bewcastle, &c., 213;

at Ford, 185
Coupland castle, the Rev. M. Culley on,

95
Coventina, altars dedicated to goddess,

discovered, 205
Coward, Robert, 79
Cowper, Robert, curate in charge of

St. Helens Auckland, petition of,

264 & n

Cox, George, gift of a silver tankard, 108
' Coylhie pasture,' Stanhope, 12
Coytan, John, of Newcastle, a leather

dresser, 274, 275

Crabbe, Wm. and others, pardon to, 172
Cradock, Anthony, 9 ; Joseph, witness

in an action, 263

Crag', John, grant to Eda wife of, 115
Cramlington, Mr. Lawson's seat at, 41
Craster, H. HE., elected, 89 ; notes

from a Delaval ' Diary,' 149 ; [Crau-

cester,] Richard, of Craucester, 169
Crauine, John de, preceptor of Chib-

burn, and others, witness a grant, 87
Crawe, Robert of Elwick, 104
Cre£y, French crossbow-men at, 246
Cresswell, flint objects found near, 271
Crewe, Nathaniel, lord, bishop of

Durham, 14 ; a sculptured panel

with arms of, 147 ; trustees of, 265 ;

sale of Bamburgh by, 167 ; and Mr.

Wharton, suit between, concerning

Stanhope mines, 22
' Cries,' men of Gilsland to make, 216 ;

of ' a Harlaw, a Harlaw,' 231
Cripps, "Wilfred, J., obituary notice of,

103

Crispina, first brass coin of, discovered
at Wallsend, 46

Crofton, Sir Richard M., of Bamburgh,
169

Crome, Elizabeth, devise of premises in
Newcastle, 179 ; death of, 180

Cromwell, said to have destroyed Bew-
castle castle, 226 ; final concord,
temp., relating to lands in Northum-
berland, 208

Crone, J. Represented old wooden shovel
from a mine, 63

Crooke, Thomas, of Newcastle, 182

' Crooked oak, the,' St. Helens Auck-
land, 262

Crookham, &c., belonging to Sir Win.
Heron, 194 ; tenants of, in war time
took shelter in Ford castle, 192

Crosbey, Wm., at muster, from Ancroft,
186

Croser, surname in Bewcastle, 231

Cross, gave name of ' White Cross,' to
farm near Pierceb ridge, 131 ; village,

Crosses, preconquest, shafts, &c., of
eighth century, 223 ; found at Bam-
burgh, fragment, 167 ; at Bewcastle,
220, 225 ; canon Rawnsley on, 226 ;
at Ham, Derbyshire, 268 ; medieval,
on stone in Chollerton churchyard,
156 ; on drive at Cliff e hall, near
Piercebridge, 131 ; atLanercost, 234,
235n : base of, on Elsdon moor, 134

Crossbow, the, 246 ; Genoese made use
of, 246 ; made in England in 1205, 246

Crowhurst, Surrey, brass of John
Gaynesford at, 241

Crucifixion, carving of, removed from
Wark worth castle, 41 ; at Chirton,
41 : removed to Cramlington, 41 ;
sold to John Adamson, 41 ; given
to Mr. Rippon, 41

Cuchilla in sheath, a South American,
presented, 270

' Crusie,' a, from Orkney, 283

Cuddy's Crag, photograph of Roman
Wall, at, 105

Culley, Rev. M., on Coupland castle, 95

' Cullercoats penny post,' and ' 1839,'
a letter so stamped, 209

Culross, gild ticket with seal of, 101

Cumberland, Roman altars at Rokeby
from, 215 ; report of excavation
committee of, 35 ; foray into, 230 ;
society, meeting of, 215 ; visit of, to
Hebrides, &c., 268 ; &c., grant of
gold and other mines in, to Cologne
merchants, 184 ; pardon to king's
subjects of, 212

INDEX : CUM — DENDY

307

Cumberland, Francis, earl of, grant of

Bewcastle to, 226
Cumbre Colston, William de, took

refuge in Mitford church, 56
Cumcatch, co. Cumberland, entered by

the Dacres, 216
Curators' report for 1902, 27 ; for

1903, 113
Currie, James, a debtor in, Durham

prison, 17
Cuthbert, lieut. -colonel Gerald J.,

elected, 49
Cyneswitha, sister of Wulphere, name

of, on Bewcastle cross, 222
Cvniburug, name of,on Bewcastle cross,
"221. 222

Dacombe, John, chaplain of Chibburn,
87

Dacres, arms of, 235 ; badge of, 235 ;
the griffin of the, 235 ; marriage of
heiress of the, to third son of duke of
Norfolk, 77 ; * burnt beacons.' 216 ;
entered Askerton castle, &c., 216 ;
servants of, entered Kirkoswald
college and removed goods, 216

Dacre, lord, lord Wm. Howard married
Elizabeth sister of, 217 ; petitioned
queen for lands of, 217 ; the late
lord, parks and demesnes of, 217 ;
Edward, and others, scaled walls of
Graystock castle, 216 ; Francis,
claimed barony of Ulgham, 76 ;
Humphrey, and Mabel Parr, tomb of,
234 ; Leonard, 216 ; attainder of,
217 ; Thomas de, married Philippa,
daughter of earl of Westmorland,
235 ; Thomas, of Gilsland, second
baron of, built Askerton castle, 215 ;
his initials in it, 215 ; Thomas, lord,
K.G., warden of the marches, 234 ;
and Elizabeth his wife, tomb of, 234;
vault rifled in 1775, 234 ; William,
lord, 76

' Dagger money,' W. H. D. Longstaffe
on, 26

Daggers, 255

Dallas, Robert, justice, 183

Dalmatian sword, a, 254

Dais ton church, &c., old prophecy
relating to, 235

Danes, Norse and, in Viking age, their
own style of ornamentation, 224

Daniel, Mary, of St. Helen Auckland,
suit against, 264

' Danish cemetery,' at Bamburgh,. 204

Darling, Grace, her cottage and monu-
ment at Bamburgh, 165

Darlington, bailiffs of, 108 ; an Alex-
andrian coin of Augustus found near,
90 ; a Shap boulder in Northgate,
108 ; inscribed stone found in Skerne
mill-race, 108 ; ward, bishop of Dur-
ham's revenue from, 13

Darn Crook, Newcastle, town wall near,
161

Davenport, Ellen. 8

Davidson, J., witness to a deed, 183 ;

[Davyson] Sir Richard, vicar of Elling-
ham, 169

Davies, William Goode, elected, 25

Dawson, Bartram, a York tailor and
draper, chamberlain, sheriff, and
alderman of York, will of, 169 ;
bequest to Bamburgh church, 169 ;
born in Warmedon, 169 ; taken to
be a Scot.. 169 ; Henry, 178 ; John,
witness to a deed, 183 ; Robert,
witness to a deed, 178 ; Wm., of
Wall, grant to and by, of lands at
Sandhoe, 178

Deae Matrea, group of, from South
Shields, presented, 106

Dean burn, Ford 192

Deaths from plague in Newcastle, 48

Debtors in Durham prison, petition of,
16

Deeds, old, presented, 1 ; relating to
Newcastle, 144, 176 ; Catalogue of
Ancient, local extracts from, 117, 154

Deer in Weardale forest all destroyed,
13n

Delaval ' Diary,' notes from a, 149

Delaval, lord, owned Ford, 192 ; Ed-
ward, letter to, 195 ; married Mary,
daughter of Sir Francis Blake, 192 ;
Sir Francis Blake, owned Ford, 192 ;
patron of living of Ford, 199, 200 ;
George, draft of a letter of, to Oley
Douglas, 280 ; John Hussey, 199 ;
Sir Ralph, bart., of Seaton Delaval,
149 ; and lady Anne his wife, 150 ;
' fool and knave & governed by his
sot wife,' 153 ; Robert, son of, 150 ;
married lady Elizabeth Livingstone,
149 ; and another, took George Mus-
champ's oath as sheriff, 190 ; Mrs.
Robert, of Seaton Delaval, prayers,
&c., of, 149; pedigree of, 149 ; daugh-
ter of first earl of Newburgh, 149

Delinquency, 85

Delinquent, William Hall, & a papist, 18

Dendy, F. W, ' Exchequer commissions
and depositions relating to North-
umberland,' 26 ; on Jesmond, 92 ; on

308

INDEX : DEN — DBY

new series of Archaeologia Aeliana,Ql',
letter of, on archaeological lectures,
&c., 209 ; on plague in Newcastle in
1636, 48 ; on Corbridge fair, 211
Dengayne, Simon, a brother of Chib-

burn, 87 ;

Denis, Adame, from Ancrof t, at muster,
186 ; [Denyse], Thomas, of Ancrof t,
186
Denman, Lewis William, son of lord,

curate of Escomb, 267
Dent, Henry, of Newcastle, miller, 18
Denton tower entered by Dacres, 216
Deptford, near Sunderland, 98
Derbyshire, British camps, &c., in, 174,
282 ; maiden or funeral garlands in,
194

Derwenthaugh, oak from, 40]
Derwentwater, lord, 86 ; and others,
surrender of, 86 ; earl of, chairs said
to have belonged to, 41
Despenser, Sir Hugh le, earl of Win-
chester, release to, of dower land, &c.,
at Lameheth. 116
Dethicke, Thomas, alderman of London,

creditor of John Blackeston, 134
Devil's Dyke, Brighton, 62
Devon, grant of manors in, 155
Dial, preconquest, at Bewcastle, 220 ;

at Kirkdale, Yorkshire, 220
Dickinson, Elizabeth and Margaret, ac-
tion against, for absence from church,
264

Dickson, Henry, ' did breake churche
of West Aucklande' and stole chalice,
262

Diet held in London, 279
Dilston old hall, carved oak from, 40
Diodati, Mr. John, ' minister of the

gospel,' 262

' Dippwell,' Bishop Middleham, 6
Dispensations granted by king to

Durham dignitaries, 15, 16
Dissington, charter of Alexander, king

of Scots dated from, 52
Ditchling beacon, Sussex, 62
Dixon, D. D., exhibited swords, &c.,
30 ; his History of Upper Coquetda,le,
112 ; Lyonell, of Newcastle, 181 ;
R. W., vicar of Wark worth, sold
tithe barn, 64 ; Thomas, of Chapel in
Weardale, yeoman, a demise to, 22 ;
William, witness to a deed, 178
Dobson, Christopher, churchwarden of
St. Helens Auckland, 262n ; Charles
I. at his house in Bishop Auckland,
262 ; tombstone of Anne his wife,
262n; William, churchwarden of Ulg-
ham, 78

Dockwray, Thomas, rector of Whitburn,

perished in action with Dutch, 144
Dodde, Wm., field of, 262
Doffenby, John, of Pigden, an excom
municated person, and others, before
court for brawling, 57
Dog spits at Mitford & St. Briavels, 55
Domitian,coin of , found at Piercebrid.o'e,

124

Dona, count, 151
Donatello, 242
Donations to museum, 26, 29, 36, 63, 71,

94, 106, 146, 208, 270
Don caster, Sir Rauf Grey executed at,

167
Donkyn, Laurence, unlicensed curate

of Ancrof t, 188

Douglas, and Percy, traditional site of
encounter between, 161 ; marriage
of Mary, daughter of Sir William de,
lord of Liddesdale, 118; Mary de,
marriage of, 116; Oley, draft of a
letter to, 280

Dove, John, of Whitlowe, and Mary,

his wife, deed poll of, relating to a

tenement in Newcastle, 177 ; Mary,

178

DOVTICCVS, potter's name discovered at

Wallsend, 45

Dovedale district, Saxon remains in, 268
Downes [Dowenes], Bryan, 8 ; Henry,
of Escomb, will of, 267 ; desired to
b^e buried in St. Andrew Auckland.
267 ; bequests of, 267 ; Lampton, of
Evenwood, married daughter of John
Eden, 264 ; evidence of, in a suit, 264;
Ralph, churchwarden of Escomb,
office of judge against, 267 ; will of,
267 ; desired to be buried in church,
267 ; gifts, 267
Downey, Mary, of Newcastle, widow,

180

Downman, Rev. Edward, his original
plans of British camps, 62, 106, 136,
174, 282

Dowthwaite. John, a Newcastle silver-
smith, 90 ; took up his freedorn in
1666, 90n ; death of, 90n
Drake, vicar of Norham,his 'Account of

Deanery of Balmbrough,' 188
Draper, Richard, the king's servant,
grant to,of clerk of works at Berwick,
164
Drengage, cornage and, Dr. Lapsley on,

268

Drewry, Sir Wm., lease of Etal, 202
Druridge held by Sir John de Wid-

drington, 83
Dry Hill camp£Surrey,§62

INDEX : DUD— DYS

309

Duddo, country meeting at, 138 ; a
horseman from, at muster, 203 ;
footmen at, in 1549, 203 ; bequest to
poor of, 203 ; manor of, devised by
James Clavering, 203; tower, belong-
ing to Clavering, ' casten down ' by
king of Scots, 203; tithes due for, 202

Dudley, master William,the king's clerk,
appointed bishop of Durham, 171 ;
restitution to, of temporalities of
bishopric, 171

Duel between Carletons and Thomas
Musgrave, 215

Dunbar, William de Graystock, a
hostage at, 76 ; died there of pesti-
lence, 76

Dunbar, earls of : George, took Ralph,
third baron of Graystock prisoner,
76 ; Patrick, witnesses a charter. 52

Duns, rebels at, in 1715, 86

Durer, Albrecht, 242

DURHAM, 12 ; fair of St. Cuthbert at,
66n ; deed of confirmation by king,
dated at, 155 ; besieged by general
Leslie, 156 : castle, constable of, 13 ;
John Pulhore, 143 ; ordination in
chapel of, 57 ; notes on discoveries
in, 282

Durham cathedral church, ordinations
in, 57, 198 ; an ancient fireplace
discovered in south transept, 133 ;
discoveries in cloister garth, 47

Durham, dean and chapter of, grant to,
of market, &c., at South Shields,
210 ; library of, Roman incriptions
from Gainford presented to, 125

Durham bishops : had jura regalia, 13 ;
wardships taken from, 13w; demesnes
of, 9 ; total revenue of, 13 ; com-
position between abbot of St. Albans
and, concerning Tynemouth, 60 ;
king's writ to, respecting Ford
church, 197 ; lease of property at
Blyth, 260 ; letter of, relating to the
Carletons of Bewcastle, 231 ; letter
to, relating to building a church at
Coundon, 209 ; lords of Westoe
manor, 210 ; draft grant of market
and fairs at South Shields, 210 ;
grants by, of ferry at Sunderland, 5 ;
appeal of chapter of Durham to,
14 ; auditor's office of, plundered in
1645, 19 ; removed from list of
governors of Auckland school, 8n ;
offices of, ' that are useless,' 13 ;
feodary of, 13 ; foresters of, 13 ;
moor masters of, 17 ; prothonotary
of, 13 ; John Lowndes, temporal
chancellor of, 143

Durham bishops, names of : Barnes,
108 ; Barrington, petition of debtors
in prison to, 16; Bek, 59, 262;
Booth, 171 ; Bury, grave of, 282;
Chandler, 9, 187, 199 ; Cosin, 20, 271 ;
lord Crewe, 14, 147 ; Dudley, 56, 171,
172, 280 ; Egerton, demise by, 22 ;
Farnharn, 56, 63 ; Flambard, grant
of, 144 ; John Howson, 70 ; Robert
delnsula, 4; Kellawe, 196; Thomas
Langley, 19n, 143 ; Toby Matthew,
84 ; Neville, 143 ; Pilkington, 19 ;
Poor, 187, 188 ; Pudsey, 60; Robert,
56 ; Ruthall, 19 ; Sever, 133 ; John
Shirwood, 7, 192 ; Walter Skirlawe,
19, 278 ; Van Mildert, 266

Durham bishopric, grant to master John
Sherwood, of temporalities during
vacancy of see, 172 ; restitution of
temporalities to bishop Dudley, 171 ;
survey of the demesnes of, hi 1629, 9 ;
' ecclesiastical dignities abolished in,'
8ra ; coins, 71

Durham, archdeacon, Benjamin Pye,
144

Durham prebendaries, 14 ; Nathaniel
Ellison, 144 ; Dr. Mangey, 106 ;
Thomas Musgrove, 144 ; Leonard
Pilkington, 143 ; Peter Smart, 271 ;
Robert Swifte, Sn

Durham courts : Habuote, 13 ; of High
Commission, 263 ; of Pleas, a record
of suits in, 89

Durham priory : account rolls of, 19 In ;
note of expenditure for arms and
horses against Scots, 191 ; officers of,
191w ; priors of, anciently claimed
passage across Wear at Sunderland,
6 ; priors : Germanus, 187 ; Ker-
neth ; bursars, Robert Bennett,
rental of, in 1539, 186, 189, 202 ; Sir
Robert Stroder, 191w ; cellarer, Sir
Ralph Blaxton, 19 In ; sacrist, Sir
Richard Heryngton, 19 In ; monks :
Ancroft confirmed to, 187 ; dispute
between bishop of Durham and, 187

Durham county, flint arrow heads, &c.,
found in, 27 1 ; cornage and drengage
in, 268 ; a valor of ecclesiastical
benefices in, 170 ; list of rebels in,
175 ; moorlands, no cairns, &c., on,
69 ; indicted for non-repair of part
of bridge across Tees at Piercebridge,
123

Dutch, objects exhibited, 36 ; rector of
Whitburn perished in action with, 144

' Dyle, The,' 12

' Dysyon,' 'a brasin gonne,' used at siege
of Bamburgh castle, 167

[Neivc. Proc., 3 Ser. I.]

310

INDEX ; EAG — ENG

' Eagles nest,' Ulgham, 75

Eanred, styca of, found at Bamburgh,
204

Earle, Northumberland, lands in, 174

Earsdon 'forest,' 291 (See also Ers-
dene)

Easington ward, bishop of Durham's
revenue from, 13

East corn green, Stanhope, 11

Eastgate, lease of, 14

Eastwick, see Estwicke

E.C.C.A, on Roman pottery, 46

Ecclesiastical dignities abolished in
Durham diocese, Sn ; benefices in
Durham county, a valor of, 170 ;
pensions, bishop of Durham's revenue
from, 13

Ecgfrith, king, Bewcastle cross of first
year of, 222

Ed a, sister of Robert of Bewcastle, 225

Edburton castle, Sussex, 62

Edda subjects on Gosforth cross, 224

' Eddersley ' tenants of, in war time
took shelter in Ford castle, 192

Ede, W. Moore, rector of Whitburn, 144

Eden, John, case against, for adultery,
264 ; daughter of, married Lampton
Downes, 264 ; Sir John, of Windles-
tone, bart., party to a settlement,
182 ; seal of, 183 ; Robert, of West
Auckland, will, 263 ; desired to be
buried in St. Helens church, 263 ;
bequests of, 263 ; Sir Robert, the
wife of, at mass, 262 ; Sir William,
of Windleston, head of Eden family,
263

Edinburgh antiquarians mueum, seal
of Thomas de Rede in, 31

Edleston, Robert Holmes, elected, 105

Edlingham castle, well in, 34

Ednill, John Musgrave obtained house
of, as residence, 219

Edward I., penny of, struck at New-
castle, 52 ; Mitford church in gift of,
56 ; death of his wife Eleanor, 201 ;
granted postern through Newcastle
walls, 158 ; Edward III., licences to
crenellate Barmoor, 189 ; Etal, 200 ;
Ford, 192 ; Edward IV., Bamburgh
castle besieged temp., 167 ; Edward
VI., commissioners of, 130

Effigies of Geoffrey de Mandeville, 238 ;
of Sir Richard Beauchamp, 239 ; at
Corneto, 241

Egard's well, Ulgham, 75

Eggs, hard-boiled, game played with, in
Italy and on Tyneside, 211

Egypt, old key from, presented, 257
Eiston, John, gild ticket of Culross,

101
Eland, mill of, 155 ; magna, manor of,

alienated, 57 ; parva, manor of, and

others, alienated, 57 ; grant of lands

in, 155

Eldon prebends, value of, 170
Eldon, lord, born in Newcastle, 159
Eleanor, queen, death of, 201
Elizabeth, queen, petitions to, 217 ;

coin of, found in Newcastle, 31
Elizabethan armour, 243
Ellerker, Sir William, his park at Wid-

drington, 82 ; horsemen at Etal un-
der, 202
Ellies, captain Steven, and others, cattle

stolen from, by Scots, 231
Ellingham, Sir Richard Davison, vicar

of, 169
Ellison, Isabella, daughter of John,

vicar of Bedlington, facing 290 ;

Nathaniel, rector of Whitburn, &c.,

144
' Ellotes and their complices,' thefts of,

in Cumberland, 229
Elmeden, Wm., knight, receiver general

of Bamburgh, release of, 118
Elmer's, otherwise Shipman's chair, &c.

Newcastle, 181
Elphin, bishop of, 98
' Elresdene ' and ' Haliwarstelle,' lands

in, granted to bishopric, 144
Elsdon, horses1 heads in belfry of church,

104 ; moor, base of ancient cross, &c.,

on, 134
Elswick, colliers from, made breach in

Newcastle walls, 161
Elward, Robert, of Newcastle, 275
El wood, pledges at York, surname, &c.,

of, 232 ; Robyn, 233
Embleton, Thomas de Farneylawe, vicar

of, 163 & n; Thomas de Baumburg,

parson of, 169
Emeldon, lands at, 166
Emm, Wm., the bishop of Durham's

agent, 265
Emmerson [Emerson], John, witness to

a deed, 179 ; mayor of Newcastle, his

lease of Eastgate, 14 ; Richard, 12 ;

Thomas, lease held by, 14
England, arms of, on stone from New-

§ate, Newcastle, 277 ; permission to
cots to reside in, 172 ; the earl of
Northumberland appointed great
chamberlain of, 184 ; and Scotland,
Tweed at Berwick does not divide,
144
English Counts of the Empire, 146

INDEX .* EPI — FAR

311

Epitaph, in St. Helens Auckland church
261 ; reputed, of Robert Trollop,
206 ; R. Welford on, 206

Erard's well, Ulgham, 77

' Errington's ' chair, otherwise ' Ha-
worth's,' 181

Errington, George of Newburgh, alias
of Haughton, general pardon to, 212 ;
Thomas, of Beaufront, award of, re-
specting lands at Sandhoe, 179 ; of
Whityngton, alias of Bingfield, gene-
ral pardon to, 212

Errol, earl of, heiress of Sir W. Carr of
Etal, married, 201

Ersdene, John, witness to a grant, 176

Escomb, 12 ; country meeting at, 138 ;
prebend of, 266 ; bequest to poor of,
267 ; copyhold land in, 10 ; east,
middle, and west fields, 10 ; ' outlet
for,' 262 ; field names in, 10 ; a
chapel to South Church, 266 ; no
parsonage house, 267 ; school in,
267 ; held with St. Andrews, 267 ;
dispute concerning stall in church,
267 ; declaration of accession of
William of Orange, 267 ; curates, 266
et seq. ; vicar, Rev. J. V. Kemp, 261 ;
churchwardens, 267 ; registers and
communion plate, 266; Saxon church,
266 ; Roman stones in, 266 ; chancel
arch, 266 ; prof. Baldwin Brown on,
266 ; C. C. Hodges and, 266

Escomb, John de, ordained, 266

' Escum,' see Escomb, 262

Eskdale ward, muster of, 216

' Eskeham,' see Escomb

Essex, British camps in, 174 ; ' straw
splitters ' from, 257

Esthertwayton, grant of lands in, 116

' Estoc, a foining,' 255

Estsvick, Stephen, alderman of London,
creditor of John Blakeston, 134

Etal, country meeting at, 138, 200 ;
villagers of, 200n; horsemen and foot-
men at, in 1549, 202 ; modern church
at, 202 ; manor house, 202 ; members
entertained by lady Laing, 202 ; pres-
byterian church at, 200 ; Oswald
Collingwood, bailiff of, 202 ; held of
Muschamp barony, 200 ; successive
owners, 200 ; owned by Carrs, 201 ;
held by Errols, &c., 201 ; bought by
Sir James Laing, 201 ; now held by
lady Laing, 201 ; new and old tenants
of, at muster of east march, 202 ;
castle, gateway of, 200 ; keep, 200 ;
Leland's description of, 200; belonged
to earl of Rutland, 200 ; archbishop
Romanus at, 201 ; built in 1341, li-

cence to crenellate, 200 ; residence in
1352 of deputy warden of east march,
200 ; in 1415, 201 ; held by ' Raffe
Candelyng,' and others, in 1509, 201 ;
lord Hume at, 194 ; ruined by James
IV. of Scotland, before Flodden, 201;
in 1541 in decay, 201 ; needed repair
in 1584, 202; tenants of New Etal

< resort to/ in stress of war, 202n ;
bridge across Till at, fallen down, 201

Etal, John, son of Adam of, 201 ; Wm.,
son of Thomas de, 201

Ethelbert, king of Kent, laws of, 108

Eufre, Hugh de, held knights fees in

" Mitford barony, 57 ; and another,
alienated Mitford park, 57

Eures, possessions of the, 67

Eure, lord, wardenry of, 218 ; ' Thurll-
way castle ' in, 218 ; took George
Muschamp 's oath as sheriff, 190 ;
letter of, 190 ; [Euer], Stephan de,
rector of Mitford, exchanged tithes,
56 ; [Eure] Wm., witness to a grant,

P .155

Evenwood, bishop of Durham at, 196
Ever tower, Newcastle walls, 161
Everett, Rev. James, framed portrait

of, presented, 269
Evesham, battle of, 48
Ewart, near Wooler, grant of lands at,

for a chaplain, 174
Ewden, Weardale, 67
Exchequer commissions and depositions

relating to Northumberland, 26
Executioner's sword, an, 254
Exeter, duchess of, Anne daughter of,

married George, lord Roos, iiOl
Eyam Moor, Derbyshire, plan of British

camp on, 282
Eyre, Samuel, rector of Whitburn, 144

Faddemore, grant of manor of, 155

Fairs : of St. Cuthbert at Durham,
QQn ; at Mitford, 57n ; at Stagshaw-
bank, 211 ; at Ulgham, 77 ; markets
and, at Bewcastle, 225 ; at Ford,
192n ; at South Shields, grant of,
210

Faireland, Bishop Auckland, 8

' Falland cross, le,' 58

Fallow, T. M., on Wilfred J. Cripps, 103

Falstone hogback of eighth century, 223

Faltone, grant of mill of, 155

Farnacres, chantry chapel of, death
of Thomas Bartram, chaplain, 172 ;
Alexander Skynner presented, 172

Farndale, see Ferndale

312

INDEX I FAR — FORD

Farnham, bishop of Durham, 56 ; appro-
priated Branxton to cell at Wark-
worth, 63

Farnylawe, John de, witness to a deed,
163 ; Thomas de, vicar of Emyldon,
and others, grants to, 163 ; resigned.
163n ; chancellor of York, 163n

Farrowe, widow, 7

Faustina, the elder, coin of, from Tyne,
72 ; the younger, coins of, from Tyne,
102 ; found at South Shields, 258

Felkington, Northumberland, footmen
at, in 1549, 203

Felton vicarage, commission respecting
196 : Wm. Bell Moises, vicar of, fa-
cing 290 ; « forest,' 291 (See also Fal-
tone)

Fenrother, final concord relating to
lands at, 208, 209

Fenwick [Fenwicke, Fenwyk], family
occupied Ulgham Grange, 80 ; Cuth-
bert, rector of Morpeth, 78n, 79 ; Ed-
ward, and Sara his wife, and others,
final concord between, 209 ; Frances,
of Ulgham grange, married Thomas
Murray, curate of Ulgham, 78n ;
Gerard, sons and daughters of. 78n ;
Jane, and others, accused of setting
fire to a house, 195 ; John, of Bothal,
buried, 79 ; Richard, sons and
daughters of, 78n ; Roger, and others,
final concord between, 209 ; Roger,
of Mitford, before court for brawling
in church, 57 ; Thomas de, witness
to a grant, 116

Feodary of bishop of Durham, 13

Ferndale, grant of manor of, 155

Ferry across Wear at Sunderland, 5

Ferryhill, discoveries in old coal work-
ings at, 100

Fetherston, William, of the Park house,
Stanhope, 11

Fetherstonehaugh, Wm., of Stanhope,
pardon to, 172

Fibula, a gold plated, discovered at
Tre'r Ceiri, 117

Fieldnames, 8,9-12,67; at Piercebridge,
123

File close, Auckland, 10

Final concord between Newminster and
Gerard de Wodrington, 75

Fireplaces discovered in Durham cathe-
dral, 133 ; at Hume priory, 133 ; at
Morpoth and Warkworth churches,
282

' Firth, the,' 12

Fishburn, 170

Fishery in Tyne, &c., 183

Fish-pond of Wydop, Auckland, 262

Flails, exhibited, 248; Dr, Allison on,
153, 270, 290 ; a Northumberland,
presented, 270 ; in use at Cartmel
fell, 290

Flamberge, a, 253

Fleathine, widow, 7

Fleming, Sir David, letter to, concern-
ing Newcastle, 86

Flemish brasses, notes on, 2

Flesher Raw, Newcastle, 274 et seq. ;
' Fleshewer Raw,' Newcastle, 276

Fletcher, Richard, of Newcastle, 182

Flint, Ancient British arrowheads, &c.,
of, found in Northumberland and
Durham, 271; implements, exhibited,
63 ; and stone weapons from North
Yorkshire, exhibited, 148

Flintlock pistol, 252

Flodden field, 190, 191, 198

Flood, the great, of 1771, 123

Fonts, old church, wanted by ' monu-
mental sculptors,' 114; at Chilling-
ham, from Ancroft, 187 ; at St. Hild's
church, South Shields, 206 ; canon
Savage on, 206

Football playing at Bewcastle house, a,
232

Foray into Cumberland by laird of
Buccleugh, 230

Forbin, lieut., landed on Northumber-
land coast and burnt WTiddrington, 82

Ford, country meeting at, 138 ; parish
of, 191 ; barony in manor of Mus-
champ, 192 ; owners of, 192 ; 'a
village of William Carr's,' 194 ;
letters respecting, 192 ; lord Hume
at, 194 ; little tower of parson of,
destroyed by Scots, 198; market and
fair at, 192n ; schools at, 200 ; presby-
terian and quaker in, 200; paintings
in parish school house, 191 ; descrip-
tion of, by Mark, 191 j 'Bill well,'
and Dean burn at, 192

Ford estates, quarrel respecting the, 192

Ford castle, licence to crenellate, 192 ;
king James's room in, 191; tenants'
of ' Croukhame ' and ' Eddersley ;
took shelter at, in war time, 192;
plans of, 193, 194 ; Leland's de-
scription of, 193 ; mayor of Berwick
killed in skirmish under walls, 192 ;
now let to Mr. J. Fletcher Mossop, 191

Ford, St. Michael's church, 199 ;
patrons, 199, 200; defects of, to be
enquired into, 196 ; inquisition at
Newcastle, 196 ; report on defects
found, 197 ; had been burnt in a raid
of Scots, 197 ; matter of, before York
court, 197 ; John de Polio we,

INDEX : FOBD — GAL

313

sequestrator, 196 ; granted to Sir
Roger de Northburgh, 196 ; situate
in ' march of Scotland, where no
one dared to go,' 196 ; John de
Manors baptized in, 200 ; valuations
of, 199 ; chapel of, perpetual chan-
try in, 198 ; grant of land of chantry
of St. Mary of, 198 ; rectors : Thomas
Clerke, 198 ; Lawrence Heron, 198 ;
Roger Heroun, 200 ; Walter Hayrun,
196 ; Sir Roger de Nassington in-
stituted, 198; H. M. Neville, 191,
200n ; Sir Roger de Northburgh,
196 ; Sir Cuthbert Ogle, 198 ; curate
of, bequest to, 189 ; Robert Watson,
198 ; parish clerk, Wm. Carr, 198 ;
great tithe case, 199

Ford [Forde], Adam and Gilbert de,
found guilty of theft, 194 ; Odinel
de, owned manor of Ford, 192;
daughter of, married Sir Wm. Heron,
192 ; obtained free warren in his
manors, 192n ; got weekly market
and a fair for Ford, 1 92n ; Richard
de, licence of concord, 194 ; Wm. de,
received first tonsure, 198

Foreside, John, ejected from Ancroft for
nonconformity, 1 8 8 ( See also Forsy de )

' Forest,' meaning of the word, 291

Forests and parks, bishop of Durham's
revenues from, 13

Foresters, bishop of Durham's, 13

Forsy de, John, master of ship ' John,'
36 (See also Foreside)

Forster, Edward, of Newcastle, cord-
wainer, 177 ; Thomas, the younger,
of Edderston, 84n ; Sir Matthew,
84n ; wife Isabel, 84n ; will of, 84n ;
bequests, 84n. (See also Foster)

Fortescue, Sir John, letter of, asking
for wardship, &c., of son of Thomas
Collingwood, 169

Forth, house, Newcastle, G. B. Richard-
son's drawing of, 137 ; street, New-
castle, portion of town wall in, 161 ;
tavern, Newcastle, 137

' Forum, the march of,' Ulgham, 75

Fosters of Bewcastle, 230

Foster, surname in Bewcastle, 231 ;
Mr., ^out of Northumberland,' 86;
his visitation of Northumberland,
189 ; Dorothy, 79 ; Robert, lieut. of
H.M.S. k Pelican,' sword of, con-
verted into carving knife, 255 ; of
Ford, attended muster, 194

Fowler, Rev. J. T. on discoveries of
fireplaces in Durham cathedral
church, 133; in Morpeth and Wark-
worth churches, 282

' Fox and Lamb,' Pilgrim Street, New-
castle, G. B. Richardson's drawing of,
138

France, arms of, on stone slab from
Newgate, Newcastle, 277 ; Biscop
brought masons from, to build
church, 223

' Francklin,' 9

Frankland, forester of, not wanted as
woods destroyed, 1 3 and n

Frascati, letter of Berengarius, bishop
of, 50

Fraser, sergeant-major, 30

Frauenpeis, Mathaus, of Augsburg, an
armoursmith, 241

' Frays,' 218

Freedom, letters of, granted, 76

Free-warren, granted in manors of
Odinel de Forde, 192w ; hi honour of
By well, &c., 183

Fremde, Thomas, 8

French landed in Northumberland and
plundered Widdrington castle, &o.,
82

French, George, bill against, relating to
Sunder land ferry, 6

Freville, George, 7 ; lessee of Bishop
Middleham mines, 6

Frissell, widow, 7

Fron, Dorsetshire, plan of British camp
at, 29

Frothingham, Faith, premises in New-
castle devised to, 180

Fryer, James, party to a deed, 104 ;
Joseph Harrison, of Whitley hall, 41 ;
Margaret, daughter of John,married
George Rippon, 41 ; William, pen
and ink drawings by, 39, 40, 42

Fulbrigg in Bamburgh, grant of lands
at, 169

Funeral garlands, maiden or, in Holy
Island church, &c., 174

Gacelin, Sir Geoffrey, witness to a
grant, 155

Gainford, Roman inscriptions formerly
at, presented to Durham cathedral
library, 125

Gainsborough, Thomas Burrow, lord of,
58

Gainsby, Elizabeth, 36

Galba, denarius of, from Tyne at New-
castle, 136

Galfrid, parson of Ancroft, paid sum to
Durham, 188

Galoun, William, grant of land at Bam-
burgh, 166

314

INDEX ! GAL — GKA

Gallowgate and Leazes, G. B. Richard-
son's drawing of the entrance to the
lane between, 136

Gardiner, Cuthbert, of Ancroft, 186

Gargrave, Anthony, action against, for
absence from church, 264 ; John, of
Hetton-le-hole, deed of, 104 ; Sir
Thomas, of North Elmesall, land of
Ford chantry granted to, 198 ; Wm.
of St. Helen Auckland, a recusant, 262

Garlands, maiden, in Holy Island
church, &c., 174

Garthorne, Anthony, 67 ; Francis,
silversmith, 208 ; Thomas, 67

Gateshead, commission at, respecting
Felton vicarage, 196 ; St. Edmund's
chapel, ordinations in, 57, 198 ;
bridge, bishop of Durham's revenue
from, 13 ; Fell, St. John's church,
old inscribed bell at, 175 ; Rev. W.
Hawkes, first incumbent, 175

Gatherrickstead, Barmur town and,
horsemen in, 190

Gatty, Jos. and Wm. Waller, lessees
of property at Blyth, 260

Gaugy, Ralph, action against, 56

Gaynesford, John, brass of, at Crow-
hurst, 241

Gellygaer, the Roman camp at, 135

Genoese, the, made full use of the cross-
bow, 246

George II., grant of dispensations by,
15, 16 ; of Denmark, queen Anne
married, 259

Germany, see Almain

Gerse green, Stanhope, 11

Gibson, Cuthbert, 7 ; George, of Ford,
attended muster, 194 ; John Patti-
son, address on Housesteads, 133,
205 ; Richard, 7 ; William James,
elected, 1

Giggleswick, James Carr, minister of
Alnwick, born at, 195

Gilbertus /. Boet, 225

Gilbert, son of Richard the cook of
Birtely, grant by, 155

Gild ticket of Culross, 101

Gilda Theutonicorum, 212

Gillemor, grant of manor of, 155

Gilles son of Bueth, lord of Gilsland,
225 ; witness to an injunction, 225

Gillingham, John, of Wimborne, Dor-
set, cordwainer, assignment by, 134

Gilpin, Isaack, 1

G., I., and M. W., on stone mortar, 275

Gilsland, a ' fray ' into, 218 ; Carle-
tons had all queen's stronghouses in,
218 ; barony, Askerton castle in, 216;
men of, 216 ; lord Wm. Howard

petitioned queen Elizabeth for, 21 7 j
land sergeant of, 217, 231 ; income
of, 217 ; John Musgrave of, 218

Giron, don Pedro Fellez de, prince of
Osuna, viceroy of Sicily, &c., 243

Gisarme, 248

Gissing, Algernon, on discoveries at
Brandon chapel, Northumberland,
131

Glanteley, grant of town of, 1 15

Glanton, Northumberland, land in, 174

Glasgow church, Gilles witness to an
inquisition relating to, 225

Glasgow, earl of, held Etal castle, 201

Glass-house bridge, G. B. Richardson's
drawing of the, 136 ; glass worker's
indenture, a, 36

Glendenning, George H., elected, 105 ;
Wm., death of, 101, 109

Gloucester co., mandate to escheator of,
171

Gloucester, Richard, duke of, the king's
brother, 279 ; licence to, to found
colleges at Barnardcastle and Middle-
ham, 171 ; and Anne his wife, 171 ;
licence to grant advowson of Sy-
mondesburn to, 221

Godereswyk, Wm., and others, grant
to, of mines of gold, &c., 184

' Goedendag,' a, 249

Gold, &c., grant of mines of, in North-
umberland, &c., 184

Gooch, Thomas, a service missal for-
merly belonging to, 258

Goodhusband, Sir Thomas, served Mit-
ford church, 56

Gordian III., coin of, found in New-
castle, 26

Gorges of Dundalk, Edward, lord,
married Jane Throxton, 149

Gosewyk, Wm. de, grant by, 174

Gosforth cross, designs on, 224

Gould, I. Chalkley, presented ' straw-
splitters,' 257

Gower, Thomas, gift of office of marshal
of Berwick to, 84

Graffiti, Roman, discovered at Wallsend,
46

Grahams [Grames, Graime] the, 217 ;
' a great surname of half broken
men,' 231 ; agreement between Sir
Simon Musgrave and, 230 ; of Esk,
origin of, their alliances, 230; Fergus,
tenant at Askerton, 217 ; Richard,
bailiff of Askerton, 217 ; account of,
218 ; in arrears, 218 ; yearly fee of, as
bailiff, 218 ; alias Longtowne, did not
attend muster, 218 ; Sir Richard held
Bewcastle of crown, 226 ; Wm., a pre-

INDEX : GKA— GUY

315

bendary of Durham, 14 ; of the mote,
' spoiled ' a queen's tenant, and cut
down wood at Rydings, 217; known
as ' Willie of the Mott,' 217 ; mur-
dered a Richeson of Burnehurst, 217

Grange field, Stockton, 10

Grants, of Langley, co. Durham, by bish-
op of Durham, 4 ; and certificates of
arms, 156

Grant, Robert, a debtor in Durham
prison, 17

Granville, archdeacon, visitation of, 264

' Grassums,' 218

Grave cover, medieval, Corsenside
church, 164

Gray, see Grey

' Gray Carver,' name of a horse belong-
ing to Lancelot Carlton, 216

Graystock, see Greystock

Great Canfield, Essex, plan of British
camp at, 136

Great Chamberlain of England, the
earl of Northumberland appointed,*
184

Great flood, the, of 1771, 123

Greatham, permission to Walter Lau-
renceson living at, to reside in Eng-
land, 172

Great Ryal, grants of lands in, 176, 177

Great Swinburne, tithe barn at, 64

Greece, miner's lamp from, 36

Greek inscription presented, 106

Green, Barres, 9 ; Robert Yeoman,
death of, 101, 109 ; [Greene], Wm.,
80

Greenhead, Stanhope, 11

Greenwell, Robert, of Newcastle, mer-
chant, party to a fine concerning
tenements in Newcastle, 277 ; Rev.
W., on a stone axe- hammer found at

i Barras bridge, 147. (See also Gre-
nell)

Greenwich, the master armourer of, 244

Greeve, Mr., a merchant of Newcastle,
married Geo. Whitehead's widow, 14

Gregory, Arthur, elected, 93 ; A. B.,
vicar of Ulgham, 75 ; on Ulgham
church, 78

Grenell, widow, 7

Gretabridge, Roman camp at, 129

Grey's MSS., 147

Grey's 'forest,' Kirknewton, 29In

Grey [Gray], lady, 199 ; of Chillingham,
' pile ' at Ancroft the inheritance of,
187 ; Col. Arthur, exhibited a silver
Monteith, 208 ; Col. Edward, 80 ;
Henry, of Durham, party to a deed,
104 ; of Kingsley, Berkshire, manor of

Ancroft belonged to, 185; Henry, lord
Grey, grant by, of two waste chapels
to Newminster, 58 ; his wives, Mar-
garet and Katherine, 58 ; appointed
two attorneys, 58 ; Ralph, tithes
due from, for mill of Ancroft, 186 ; Sir
.Ralph, taken prisoner at capture of
Bamburgh castle, 167 ; executed at
Doncaster, 167 ; of Chillingham, 169;
of Horton and Chillingham, owned
Ulgham Grange, 80 ; left by his will,
80 ; Robert, bought interest in Bar-
moor, 189n ; Roger, servant to Sir
Thomas Gray, bequest to, 186 ; Sir
Thomas, of Chillingham, will of, 186 ;
bequests to his wife Katherine, and
others, 186 ; Ulgham Grange assigned
to, 80

Greystock, Hugh Moises, rector of,
facing 290 ; castle, walls of, scaled,
216

Greystokes, the dolphin of the, 233
Greystock, John de, confirmed grants of
lands, &c., at Ulgham to Newminster,

75 ; John de (II), 76 ; Ralph, of Gray-
stock, 279 ; Ralph III., baron of,
captured at Horsridge, 76 ; Ralph de,
besieged Gilbert Middleton, 76 ; con-
firmed grants to Newminster, 75 ;
buried at Newminster, 75 ; Robert,
son of Ralph, lord of, inquisitio p.m.,

76 ; married Alicia de Nevill, 76 ;
buried at Boterwyk, 76 ; William de,
76 ; a hostage at Dunbar, 76 ; died
there, 76 ; buried before high* altar
at Newminster, 76 ; Wm., baron of,
married Mary de Merlay, 76

Grice, Dorithie, 8 ; Robert, 9

Griffin of Braybrooke, Edward, first

lord, 149
Griffith, David, a Newcastle chair-man,

162
Grimbald, Robert, drowned in river

Till, 200n

Grimsby, see Grymesby
Grotesque helmets, 246
Grosthette,master of Chibburn hospital,

87
Grymesby, co. Lincoln, grant of fee

farm of manor ot, 155
' Grymist ' (?), Bishop Auckland, 8
Gubion, Sir Hugh, sheriff of Northum-
berland, witness to a grant, 155
Gunnar tower, Newcastle walls, site of,

161
Guns, 250 et seq. ; great, used at siege of

Bamburgh castle, temp. Edw. IV, 169
Guy, Sir Imbert, witness to a grant, 155

316

INDEX : HAB HEA

Habitancum, see Risingham
Hadrian, coins of, from Piercebridge,
1 24 ; from Tyne, 52, 64, 72 ; from
Wallsend, 72
Haggerston village, 185 ; ruins of old

chapel a^, 185

Haggerston [Haggardeston], Mr., lessee
of Etal, under the queen, 202 ; Sir
Carnaby, and Ancroft, 188 ; John,
280 ; Robert, son of John de, pro-
ceedings against, 194 ; Thomas, of
Haggerston, grant of lands, 20 In
Halbards, 248, 249, 250
Hale, Matthew, 209
' Haliwarstelle,' ' Elresdene ' and, lands
at, granted to Durham bishopric, 144
Hall meadows, the, Bishop Auckland, 8
Hall, Edward, of Whitley, 38; John,
constable of Bamburgh, 169 ; Wrn.,
a papist and delinquent, 18 ; Whar-
ton and, case between, concerning
Stanhope mines, 17
Hallaton castle, Leicestershire, plan of,

282

Halmote courts, Durham, 13
Halton, pre-conquest cross, 223
Halton, Sir John de, and his descend-
ants, 107

Haltwhistle, tithe barn at, 64
Hamilton, lord John, letter of, 82
Hambleton moors, north Yorkshire,
British stone implements found on,
148

Hampshire, grant of manors in, 155
Hamsterley, 170 ; value of prebend of,
170 ; Nicholas Lentall, prebendary,
1 70; John Thorp, lay chanter of , 1 70;
hoppings at, 66n ; ' The Castles '
near, an Ancient British camp, 64 ;
plan of, 65 ; quern found in, 108
Hanby, Matthew, of Newcastle, mari-
ner,' 182
Handasyde's, general, regiment of foot,

an ensign in, 181
Handby, James, of Evenwood, a papist,

265
Handguns, 250 et seq. ; used in Wars of

Roses, 250
Hanover square, Newcastle, remains

of town wall in, 161
Hanworth castle, Middlesex, plan of

British camp, 136

Harbottel, Thomas, the chaplain, and
another, attorneys of Henry Grey,
lord Grey, 58

Harbottle castle, John de Penrith, con-
stable of, 276

' Harden, Wattie,' a chief officer under
' Buckleugh,' made foray into Gils-
land, 218

Harestones, meadow at, exchanged, 56
Haringues, battle of, in 1297, cross-
bow used at, 246

Harlaw, Peter of the, 231 ; his 'cry,' 231
Harley, Sir Edward, letter to, 82 ;
Robert, letter of, 82 (See also Oxford)
Harrison, Cuthbert, of Escomb, office
of judge against, concerning stall in
church, 267 ; Elizabeth, daughter of
Elizabeth of Killingworth, settlement
on intended marriage of, 182 ; seals
of both, 183 ; George, of Newcastle,
merchant, 181 ; John, a debtor in
Durham prison, 17 ; Thomas, mer-
chant adventurer of Newcastle,
apprentice to, 54. (See also Herrison)
Hart, Edward Moises, vicar of, facing
290; R. Taylor, vicar of, facing 290
^Hartburn, money belonging to vicar of,
56 ; repairs to church of, 56 ; Robert,
de Aukland, vicar of, 163 (See also
Horburne)

Harthill castle, Derbyshire, plan of, 292
Hartlepool, flint arrow-heads, &c.
found near, 271 ; slabs of eighth cen-
tury at, 223 ; borough seal, 282
Haselrige, Sir Arthur, 18
Haslewood, John, of Oerle castle, will

of, 70

Hastynges, Wm. lord, and others, par-
don to, 171
Haswell, F. R. N., exhibited Roman

service missal, 258
Hathersage camp green, Derbyshire,

plan of British camp, 174
Haugh and hanging gates, Stanhope, 11
Haughton, lands of Sir Henry Widd*

rington at, 84

Haverfield, F. J., on Roman inscribed
slab from the Tyne, 73, 92 ; on prof.
Th. Mommsen, 103 ; on a Roman
inscription discovered at Brough,
Derbyshire, 145
Havery, Thomas, of Ancroft, at muster,

186

Hawke, Sir Edward, 190
Hawkes, Sir R. S., of Newcastle, 175 ;
Rev. W., first incumbent of Gates-
head fell church, 175
' Haworth's, otherwise Errington's

chair,' Newcastle, premises in, 181
Hazells, the, Langley, co. Durham, 12
Heads, two, facing, on rings, 128 ; on

medieval seals, 128

Heath, Elizabeth, executor of her father
and mother's wills, 70

INDEX : HEA — HIN

317

Heather new close, Stockton, 10
Hebburn, Thomas, of Chillingham,

executors of will of, 189
Hebrides, Cumberland Society's visit

to the, 268
' Hedderslawe,' villagers of, 200n (see

also Eddersley)
Heddon, Sir Richard Brown, vicar of,

1691

Heeswijk, Holland, chateau de, match-
lock gun from collection of, 251 ;

suit of armour from, 240
Hedley, Nicholas, and another, parties

to a fine, 277 ; [Hedely] Thomas,

incumbent of chantry in Widdrington

church, 8 1
Hedworth, Mr., 8
Height, the, Stanhope, 11
Helmets, grotesque, 246 ; a damascened

steel, 273; cheek- pieces of Roman, 1 33
Henderson, Henry, ' nauta,' marriage

of, 79
Henrietta Maria, queen, letters of, 120 ;

landed at Bridlington, 1 20
Henry Benedict, cardinal of York, 258
Henrys, kings of England, find of

pennies of early, 7 1
Henry I, granted free chase in manor of

Ulgham, 80 ; conferred Wooler

barony on Robert de Muschamp, 189;

III, charter of, relating to Mitford, 57;

IV, visit to Newcastle, 278 ; VIII,
grants of Ulgham grange by, 80 ; of
office of marshal of Berwick, 84

Eenry the dean, 188
Hepscot descended to William de
Graystock, 76 ; deed relating to land
at, 104

Herber tower, Newcastle walls, 161
Herle, Hugh de, witness to a grant, 155
Heron [Hayrun, Heyroun], arms of, on
seal, 181 ; of Chipchase, 192 ; dame
Elizabeth, widow of Sir Cuthbert, of
Chipchase, grant by, of premises in
Newcastle, 179 ; Elizabeth, of Offer-
ton, and another, grant of land in
Newcastle by, 181 ; John, son and
heir of Roger, late of Ford, knight,
bequest to, 194 ; John, of St. Helen |
Auckland, 262 ; Sir John, sheriff of
Northumberland, 192 ; Lawrence,
rector of Ford, ordained, 198 ; Robt.,
parson of Ford, king's chamberlain of
Scotland, and 'custos' of Berwick, 196,
charge against, 196 ; on his death he
owed moneys to king, 196 ; of Dur-
ham, an ensign, grant of premises in
Newcastle, 180, 181 ; Thomas, of Mel-
don, general pardon to, 212 ; Walter,

rector of Ford, and others, on a com-
mission, &c., 196 ; Walter de, 197 ;
executor of will of, 197 ; Wm., sheriff
of Northumberland, 192 ; witness to
a grant, 115 ; licence to, to crenellate
Ford, 192 ; death of, 192 ; his son, Sir
Wm., 192 ; of Etal, John de Maners
and son, prosecuted for killing, 200 :
compensation for, 200 ; Sir Wm., of
Hadston, married heiress of Odinel
de Ford, 192 ; his death in 1536, 192 ;
Eliz., his grand daughter and heiress,
192 ; heir of, in ward to king, 194

Herrington, see Heryngton

Herrison [Herreson], Henry, 7; Jarrard,
7 ; John, 7

Hertfordshire, straw plaiting in, 274

Hertwayton, the mill of, 116

Heryngton, Sir Richard, sacrist of
Durham, and others, banner of St.
Cuthbert in charge of, 19 In; Thomas,
(See also Errington)

Heslop, R. Oliver, on a Roman altar to
Oceanus, and base, from the Tyne, 50;
on Roman tablet from Tyne, 72 ; on
Roman stone coffins found in New-.
castle, 95 ; on a Roman centurial
stone from West Denton, 286 ; notes
on keep of Newcastle castle, 32 ; on
Town walls of Newcastle, 157 ; on
Newcastle bonfire, 103 ; on G. B.
Richardson's drawings of Old New-
castle, 136 et seq.

Hetton-le-Hole, deeds relating to lands
at, 104

Hewatson, Wm., of Grays Inn, witness
to a deed, 181

He worth, Wm. Scott, afterwards lord
Stowell, born at, 159

Hexham, Stagshawbank fair held in
regality of, 211 ; letter dated from,
190 ; -shire, ' all poisoned with pope-
rie,' 84

Hickes, rectors of Whitburn ; John, 143;
Richard, an intruder but conformed,
143

Hickson, widow, 6 ; John, 7

Higginbottom, Albert H., elected, 117

High Coniscliffe, Sir Thomas Howard of
Tursdale, buried at, 130 ; entry in
register, 131

High Rochester, see Bremenium

Hill, M. C., elected, 29

Hilton castle, shields of arms on, 278

Hilton, Sir Thomas, one of Edward the
sixth's commissioners, 130; William
de, witness to a grant, 155

Hinton, Edward, rector of Whitburn,
144

[Newo. Proc., 3 Ser I.]

318

INDEX : HIT HOW

Hitchcock, William Maunder, rector of
Whitburn, 144

Hodges, C. C. and Escomb church, 266

Hodgkin, Thomas, tenant of Barmoor
castle, 189 ; where members enter-
tained by, 189; letter of, concerning
Bamburgh castle, 167

Hodgson [Hodshon, Hodson], Eliazor,
of Newcastle, barber surgeon, 179 ;
G. B., his History of South Shields,
112; John, lay chanter of Witton [le-
Wear] prebend, 170 ; J. Crawford, on
the k Testa de Nevill,' 70 ; on a mon-
teith belonging to Col. A. Cray, 208 ;
on Stagshawbank fair, 211 ; his pedi-
gree of Moises of Newcastle, facing
290; Septimus, clerk, and Frances
his wife, and honour, castle, &c., of
By well, &c., 183; Thomas, 8

Hogeson, John, of Ford, 198; Thomas, of
St. Helen Auckland, ' office of judge '
against, for absence from church, 263

Hogg, G. H., exhibited small ebony
cylinder found in an old house, 138

Holbourne, Thomas, tithes of mill of
Barmoor, 189

Holderness, grant of manor of, to the
earl of Northumberland and his son
Alan Percy, 184

Holdgate castle, Dorsetshire, plan of, 29

Holdship, James, clerk to Sir John
Scott, witness to a deed, 183

Holdsworth, David Arundell, death of,
110

Holland, carved oak from, 40

Holies, duke of Newcastle. 16

Holme, the, Blackwell, 11

Holme Cultram, tombstone of daughter
of Jack Musgrave at, 226

Holmes, the late Sheriton, his account
of walls of Newcastle, 162

Holy Island, 2 : grant to monks of, 87 ;
Ancroft, a chapelry to, 185, 187 ;
enclosure bill, 115; church, grant of
lands for chaplain in, 174 ; a water-
colour drawing of interior of, about
1830, 174 ; maiden garlands in, 174 ;
pulpit of, 174

Holystone, Newminster and, exchange
of land between, 196

' Holy water sprinklers,' 248

Hollywell near Durham, ancient re-
mains at, 292

Homehill meadow, Stanhope, 11

Homeshaughe, lands of Sir Henry
Widdrington at, 84

' Honours change Manners,' proverb
applied to earl of Rutland on his
creation, 20 In

Hood, Wm., name on Lochaber axes,
formerly in Newcastle town armoury,
249

Hoppen, Thomas, and another, parties
to a fine, 277

Hoppings at Byers Green and Harn-
sterley, 66n

Hopp viand park, 66

Horburne, tenants of, 10

Hordeii, co. Durham, flint objects
found at, 271

Hornby, Hugh, alderman of Newcastle,
14

Horned helmet of steel, a, 273

Horse, ' Gray Carver,' name of a, 216

Horse hawe meadow, Stanhope, 1 1

Horse, race in Liddesdale, 216; stealing
on borders, 218; heads in Elsdon
belfry, 104

Horsley [Long], &c., final concord
relating to lands at, 208, 209

Horsleyhead, Mr. Grieve's lease of, 114

Horsley, Rev. John, notes on Widdring-
ton castle, 83 : his Britannia Romana,
288 et seq. ; Richard de, held manor
of Aldensheles, Upper Coquetdale,
292 ; grant by, of land for chaplain,
292

Horsridge in Glendale, Ralph m., baron
of Graystock, taken prisoner at, 76

Hospitals, leper, an address on, 89

Hotham, captain, commander of parlia-
mentary horse, 130

Hotspur, reason why Sir Henry Percy
was named, 70 ; his son, 276

Houghall, Thomas de, a monk of New-
minster, ordained, 60

'Housebote,' and 'haybote,' 4

Housesteads, meeting at, 137, 205 ; J.
P. Gibson on, 133, 205; present of
photograph of praetorium of, 105 ;
Roman arrow-heads of iron from,
presented, 26

Howard, arms of, 235 ; impaling Dacre,
235 ; badge, 235 ; monument of, on
the 'mote,' Brampton, 213; lord,
and his son, ' lodged in Barmoor
wood,' in 1417, 190; lady Dorothy,
described Naworth castle, 234 ; lady
Elizabeth, and barony of Ulgham, 76;
Essex, married first lord Griffin of
Braybrooke, 149 ; Sir Francis, of
Corby, son of lord William, married
Mary Widdrington, 85 ; lady Kath-
arine, husbands of, 149 ; James,
third earl of Suffolk, 149; Theophilus,
second earl of Suffolk, 149 ; col. Sir
Thomas, son of lord Wm., slain at
Piercebridge, 130 ; buried at High

INDEX : HOW — JAC

319

Coniscliffe, 130 ; monument in
Wetheral churchyard, 130 ; lord
William, 233 ; petition of, to queen
Elizabeth, 217, 76 ; his rents of
Askerton manor, 219; rooms of, at
Naworth, 234 ; armour of, 234

Howden, Wm. de Mitford, keeper of
bishop's manor of, 58 ; and Howden-
shire, bishop of Durham's revenue
from, 13

Howson, John, D.D., bishop of Durham,
will of, 70

Hoyle, W. A., exhibited a portfolio of
drawings of old Newcastle, 136

Hudson, John, of Newcastle, merchant,
276 ; will of, 276

' Hue and cry,' 194

Hiibner, prof. E., death of, 110

Hughes, prof. McKenny, on discoveries
at Bamburgh, 167, 203

Hulgam, see Ulgham

Hull, &c., grant to the earl of Northum-
berland out of customs, &c., of, 184 ;
pardon to king's subjects of, 212 ;
mandate to mayor of, 171

Hulne priory, an ancient fireplace at,
133

Hulsebos, prof. G. A., hon. member, on
the ' Classis ' of Utrecht, 27

Humble, George, elected, 89 ; Umfrey,
of St. Helen's Auckland, ' office of
judge ' against, for absence from
church, 263

Humbledon, Northumberland, sale of
lands at, 177

Hume, lord, at Ford and Etal, 194

Humphraye, Matthew, 84

Hunsdon, lord, governor of Berwick,
190

Humshaugh, see Homeshaugho

Hunting sword and pistol combined,
254

Hurst, Escombe, 10

Hutchinson [Huchinson], Cuthbert, his
list of rectors of Whitburn, 143; John,

^ witness to a deed, 178 ; John, of
Hunderthwait, Yorkshire, appren-
ticed to a Newcastle merchant adven-
turer, 54 ; Robert, 7

Hut-circles, excavation of, 117

Hutton Magna hall, old brass said to
have been found in, 90

Hutton, bishop Matthew, demise by, 5 ;
Robert, junr., 67 ; W., 9

Hwaetred, name on Bewcastle cross, 221

Hyde, Anne, daughter of earl of Claren-
don, married James II., 258

Hymers, John, of Holy Island, debts
owing to, 186. (See also Hyndmers)

Hyndeside, Esthertwayton, 116
Hyndmers, Anthony, 7. (See also Hy-

mers)

Iden, Sussex, grant of fee farm of, 155

Ham churchyard, pre-conquest cross in,
268

Indian flintlock gun, 251

Ingram and Greaves Ash, a suggested
country meeting at, 36

Innsbruck, a great armour-making
centre, 239

Inquisitiones ad quod damnum, local
extracts from, 165, 174

Inscriptions, Roman, 72 ; at Fierce-
bridge, 125 ; pre-conquest, at Bew-
castle, 220 ; at Kirkdale, 220 ; on
Ruthwell cross, 223 ; medieval, on a
seal, 176 ; 17 cent, on bronze mortars,
3 ; on Askerton castle, 215, 216 ; on
stone found at Darlington, 108; on
old house at Naxivan, co. Durham,
292

Insula, Sir Robert de, witness to a grant
155 (See also Lisle)

Ipswich, wages of chief carpenter of
Berwick to be paid out of issues of
town of, 164

Ireland, Edward Musgrave of the
Trough banished into, 233

Irish Scandinavian ornament, 22

Iron arrow-heads, Roman, presented,
26 ; axe- head found at Bawtry, 273

Ironside, Rev. Wm., curate of St.
Helen's Auckland, 265 ; in a bad
state of health, 265

Irthington, ' burh ' at, 214 ; Church,
medieval grave covers and commu-
nion plate, 214

Irving, George, exhibited - drawing of
stone mortar, 272

Italy, game played with hard-boiled
eggs in, 211

Jackson, of West Rainton hall, co.
Durham, pedigree of, 144 ; Charles,
silversmith, 208 ; Edmund, rector of
Whitburn, 143 ; William, 178

Jacobe, master armourer of Greenwich,
244

Jacobean manor house at Mitford, re-
mains of, 55

Jacobite legitimist idea, 258 ; rising, 97
(See also under ' Rising ')

320

INDEX : JAM — KNA

James I. proclaimed at Alnwick, &c.,
85 ; entertained by Sir R. Carey at
Widdrington, 85 ; granted Bew-
castle to Sir Thomas Musgrave, 226 ;
II., statue of formerly in Newcastle,
278 ; deposed, 258 ; wives of, 258 ;
children of, 258 ; James, son of,
married Clementina Sobieski, 258 f
James, king of the Scots, power to the
earl of Northumberland to conclude
truce with, 184 ; IV., of Scotland,
ruined Etal, 201

James, James, of St. Helen's Auckland,
letter of, 265 ; John, parish clerk of
Ulgham, 79 ; Thomas, parish clerk of
Ulgham, buried, 79 ; William, parish
clerk of Ulgham, buried, 79 ; jun.,
parish clerk of Ulgham, 79

Jane Shore, performed in Warkworth
tithe barn, 63

' Jarping ' of hard-boiled eggs, a game,
211

Jarrow church, pulpit of, 41

' Jeast cattle,' on Bewcastlo wastes, 233

Jennings, James, 233

Jennison, Dr., ' Newcastle call,' 48

Jesmond, F. W. Dendy on, 92 ; chapel,
Thomas de Penreth instituted to, 276

' Ihesvs be ovr sped, 1610,' inscription
on old bell at St. John's church,
Gateshead fell, 175

Jesus hospital, Newcastle, 160

John, bishop of Carlisle, ordinations
by, 57, 60, 171, 198 (See also under
Carlisle) ; John, bishop of Worcester,
and others, pardon to, 171 ; parson
of Mitford, 56 ; III, king of Poland,
258

Johnson, widow, 6, 7 ; rev. Anthony,
vicar of Healey, death of, 109 ;
Robert, 6, 7 ; Rowland, plan of Ford
castle, &c., 194 ; Wm., admitted to
Bishop wearmouth rectory, 96

Joicey, Sir James, lands at Ulgham
sold to, 77

Jousting lances,247; with Viennastamp,
247

Julius Valentinus dedicated an altar at
Piercebridge, 125 ; Verus, a Roman
legate new to Britain, 73, 92, 112

Jupiter Dolichenus, a Roman altar to,
125

' Jura regalia ' of bishop of Durham, 13

Kastell Holzhausen, on Roman Limes in

Germany, 208
Kell, John, 232

Kellawe's register, extracts from, 196

' Kell's Leazes,' Sandhoe, 178

Kellsey hill, Stockton, 10

Kelson, Thomas, of Newcastle, 270

Kemp, J. V., vicar oi Escomb, 268

Kendrick, John, 28

Kennedy, A., witness to a deed, 181

Kent, grant of manors in, 155

Kent, duke of, John Wallis, chaplain to,

&c., 144

Kent, Mary, of Newcastle, 181
Kerneth, prior of Durham, agreement

between Poore, bishop of Durham,

and, respecting Ancroft, &c., 188
Keston camp, Kent, 62
Key, old, from Egypt, presented, 257
Keyworth, Notts., Edward Moises,

rector of, 290
Kilham hill, a barrow on, 40 ; opening

of it, 91
Killingworth, brides' coffers, from, 40

(See also Killyngword)
King, dispensations granted by, to

Durham prebendaries, 15, 16
King, colonel, and others, had fallen

out, 85n; Alexander, letter of, 231;

letter of, concerning Dacre's castles,

217 ; auditor, certificate of, relating
to Gilsland barony, 218

' Kinmont Will,' 216 ; in Carlisle
castle, 218 ; Carletons and Grames
charged with conspiring to release,

218 ; taken by Musgraves, 231 ;
' his brother Robbe,' 216 ; his sons
and accomplices, 229 ; and others,
lord Scrope desired if he might appre-
hend, 229

Kirkby, see Cold Kirkby and Kyrkeby
Kirkbymoorside, grant of manor of,

155
Kirkdale, Yorkshire, pre-conquest dial

at, 220
Kirkely, Thomas, rector of Whitburn,

143

Kirkhouse, Richard, of Newcastle, '21dn
Kirknewton, Grey and Solby's 'forests'

in, 291

Kirkoen, Norway, flail from, 284, 285
Kirkoswald college entered by Dacre's

servants and goods taken away, 216
Kirkstall, grant of free farm due abbot

of, 155
Kirkup, James, a Newcastle silversmith

Kitchens meadow, Stockton, 10
Knaresborough, Sir Henry Slingsby,

M.P. for, 120
Knaresdale, deed relating to land at,

104

INDEX : KNI— LEE

321

Knife and fork, large carving, seahorse
on end 'of each handle, from the New-
castle mansion house, 138

Knight, Rev. Thomas, rector of Ford,
and the great tithe case, 199

Knights hospitallers, a preceptory of
the, 30 ; old house formerly belong-
ing to, 77

Knowles, W. H., on the discovery of a
well in Chipchase castle, 32

' Kollie,' an iron lamp, from Orkney, 283

Krotzenburg, Germany, temple of
Mithras discovered at, 117

Krueger, Dr., of Trier, on the Roman
Wall in Northumberland, 74

Kukri, a Gurkha, 256

Kyllyngword, John de, witness to a
grant, 163 and n

Kylo, Roman Catholics meet in, 195

Kyrkeby, John de, or another, attorney
for abbot of Newminster in an action,
59

Lagham park camp, plan of, 62
Laibrone, Nicholas, 7 (See also Lay-

burne)
Laing, Hugh, elected, 207 ; Sir James,

purchased Etal estate, 201 ; lady, 201
Lambe, Wm., a ' common and notorious

spoiler,' 217
Lambert, Robert, of Owton, married

Grace Catherick, 90n ; Thomas, 10
Lambeth Aldhelm, the, 222 and n
Lameheth, release by dame Eleanor de

Percy of her dower lands, &c., in, 116
Lamott, John, and partners, creditors

of John Blackiston, 134
Lamp, a miner's, presented, 36; from

Orkney, 283
Lamplew, Elizabeth, daughter of

' Hewe,' assignment to, 156 ; married

William Pollard, 156
Lancashire rush-bearing, 66/1
Lancaster, Cynibalth cross at, of eighth

century, 223
Lanchester, deanery of, value of, 170 ;

church, George Rippon of North

Shields buried in, 38 ; tombstone of

William Rippon at, 38
Lances, 249
Lanercost, muster of men of, armed,

216 ; meeting at, 213 ; grant to, 225;

prior and convent of, 56 ; register,

225 ; priory church in decay, 226n ;

plan of, 233 ; Dacre tombs in, 234 ;

one rifled in 1775, 234 ; reward

offered, 234 ; cross on green, des-

cription of, 234, 235ti ; now in nave,
234 ; old prophecy relating to, 235

Langham church, Essex, tombs of the
Umfreville family in, 9 In

Langham, John of, a bill against, 23 1

Langley, co. Durham, manor of, granted
by Robert, bishop of Durham, 4 ;
pasture, 12

Langley, Thomas, bishop of Durham,
grant by, of lead mines, 19n; Wm. de,
proctor of Roger de Northburgh, 196

Lapsley, Dr., on cornage and drengage,
268

Latimer [Latymer], Elizabeth, late
dame, pardon for acquiring lands of,
172 ; John, author of Latimer' s
Local Records, obituary notice of, 146

Launde, the, Escomb, 10

Lawrenceson, Walter, a Scot, per-
mission to, to reside in England, 172

Lavatory, ancient, discovered in Dur-
ham cathedral cloister court, 47

Lawson : family, house at Chirton of, 41;
A. de Cardonnel, pulled down house
at Chirton, 41 ; Gawen, one of the
churchwardens, and another, of Mit-
ford, prosecuted for jesting, &c., in
Mitford church, 56 ; George, 156 ;
bailiff ot Ulgham, 77 ; of Ulgham,
marriage of, 79 ; Janeta, wife of
George, of Ulgham, buried, 79 ; John,
156 ; Ralph, son of Robert, of
Ulgham, buried, 79 ; Robert, of
Rock, grant of arms to, 156 ; Row-
land, 156 ; Thomas, of Little Us-
worth, co. Durham, and others, grant
of arms to, 156 ; Wm. of Little Us-
worth, co. Durham, grant of arms to
sons of, 156 ; Wm. the younger, 156

Layburne, Roger de, witness to a grant,
155 (See also Laibrone)

Lazonby, Cecily, wife of George of St.
Helen Auckland, 263 ; Dorothy, of
St. Helen Auckland, 263 ; Jane, of
same, 263 ; Wm., of same, 263

Lead mines in Stanhope, 17, 20 ;
granted by bishop of Durham, 19n

Leaden cistern heads presented, 94 ;
photographs of others exhibited, 94

Leader, Richard, 28

Leather, major G. Towlerton,^elected,
145

Leaton, G. T., 68 ; William, 68

Leche, Edmund de, charge of, against
rector of Ford, 196

Ledell, Thomas, witness to a grant, 176

Ledgard, Joseph, of Elswick, and others,
award of. respecting lands at Sandhoe,
179

322

INDEX : LEA LOT

Lee, Samuel, creditor of John Blackis-
ton, 134

Leake [Leeke], John, footmen at Etal
under, 202; Stephen Martin, Garter
King of Arms, 290

Leesehouse, Stanhope, 12 ; wood, &c.,
12

Legions, Roman, in Britain, 5 In ; II.
Aug, a vexillation of, 73 ; VI V.,
an inscription recording the, 126 ; a
vexillation of, 73 ; XX.V.V, a cen-
turia of, 143 ; a vexillation of, 73

Leicestershire, plans of British camps
in, 282

Leigh, Henry, steward of Burgh barony,
petition of, to queen Elizabeth, 217

Leland, his Itinerai y, 82 ; his descrip-
tions of Etal, 200; of Ford castle, 1 94;
and of Widdrington castle. 82

Lentall, Nicholas, prebendary of Ham-
sterley, 170

Leper hospitals, an address on, 89

Leslie, general Alexander, of Balgonie,
Fife, grant of arms to, 156 and n ;
besieged Durham and Newcastle, 156

Leyl, John, of Newcastle, butcher, 274,
275

Leys, Thomas, rector of Whitburn, &c.,
143

Liber Regis, Bacon's, 199

Liberty, Rev. Stephen, elected, 29

Liddell, colonel, and Newcastle castle,
109 (See -also Lyddell)

Liddesdale, thieves of, 229 ; raids by
men of, into Bewcastle, 230 ; horse
race in, 216 ; Sir Win. de Duglas,|lord
of, 116 (See also Lyddesdaills)

Lilburn afters, Wooler man killed at, 30

Lilburn [Lilbourne], John, the elder, of
Lilburn, 280 ; and others, com-
mission to, to assess subsidies, 212 ;
Richard, governor of Bishop Auck-
land grammar school, 261

Limerick, see Lymerick

Limestone bank, 205

Linbriggs,Upper Coquet dale, old chuich
near, 291

Lincoln co., mandate to escheator of,
171 ; Samuel Speed, prebendary of,
&c., 144

Lindisfarne, 2 (See also Holy Island)

Line, river, Northumberland, 80

Lingones, first cohort of, 289

Linton, Northumberland, 81

Lintz Green, 170

Lisle, Hugh Moises assumed name of,
facing 290 ; Henry de, grant by bish-
op Rob. de Insula of Durham to, 4 ;
Isabella, daughter and heiress of

Robert, of Acton, &c., facing 290 '
John de, action for rent against
Robert de Mitford, 58 ; Sir Robert
de, 1 ; Sir Walter de, executor of
Walter Heron, 197 ; Sir Wm. and
son Humphrey, attack on Newcastle
castle, 82 ; captiired and hanged, 82
(See also de Insula)

Lit. and Phil. Society, Newcastle, pre-
sented old key from Egypt, 257

Lithgo, Mr., a Presbyterian school at
Ford taught by, 200

Littledon in Scotland, 199 ; cattle
stolen from, 190

Littster, Thomas, 7

Livingstone, Dorothy, daughter of Sir
John, bart., married Charles, second
baron Stanhope, 149; lady Eliazbeth,
married Robert Delaval, 149 ; Sir
John, bart., married Jane Throxton,
149

Lochaber axes, formerly in Newcastle
armoury, 249

' Lof God van al,' inscription 011 a
bronze mortar, 4

Lollius Urbicus, a propraetor, &c., 73,
289

Lomley, George, lord de Lomley, wit-
ness to a grant, 155 ; Thomas de,
son and heir of George, witness to a
grant, 155

London, diet in, 279 ; merchants of
Spam, Brittany, and Germany had
house in, 212 ; aldermen of, 136 ;
coffins formed of chalk found in Ber-
mondsey, 118; tower of, armour in,
241

' London,' name of a great gun used at
siege of Bamburgh castle, 167

Lone, Rebecca, 258

Lonesdale, Cristiana de, imprisoned on
suspicion of theft, 58

Lonsdale, lord, letter of, 86

Longstaffe, W. H. D., on Newcastle
' dagger money,' 26

Longville ditches, Dorsetshire, plan of,
29

Loraine of Kirkharle, Pedigree of, pre-
sented, 29

Loraine [Lorraine], Sir Lambton, bart.,
presented 1 ''edigree of Loraine of Kirk-
harle, 29 ; Wm., deputy steward of
Tynemouth manor, 118; Sir Wm.,
bart., of Kirkharle, party to a deed,
182 ; arms of, on seal, 183

Lord, T. E., vicar of Escomb, 267

' Ld Earl Stane,' the, near Chilling-
ham, 31

Lome, arms of, 208

INDEX: LOT — MAR

323

' Lot ore,' 21

Lotrington, &c., bounds of, 262

Lottery tickets, agent for sale of, 137

Lowes, the ' forest ' of, 291

Low Green, Stanhope, 1 1

Lowick church, ' dedicate of Sainte
John,' 189 ; Janet Muschamp to be
buried in, 189

Lownde, John, rector of Whitburn, 143

' Lowside ' window, Bamburgh church,
165, 166

Lowther, Richard, 218

' Lucerne hammer,' a, 249

Lucius Verus, a first brass coin of, dis-
covered at South Shields, 49

Lumley castle, shields of arms on, 278 ;
rebuilt by Ralph, lord Lumley, 278 ;
by licence from bishop Skirlaw, 278

Lumley, lord, 86 ; Ralph, lord, rebuilt
Lumley castle, 278 ; Thomas, of
Lumley, knight, 280 (See also
Lomley)

Lung, Roger le, of Witton, and another,
drowned in the Wansbeck, 57

Lustrous meadow, Stockton, 10

Luthergrenes, John de, 56

Lyddell, Thomas, of Newcastle, mer-
chant, party to a fine relating to a
water mill in Newcastle, 277

' Lyddesdaills Scotishemen,' 'attempts'
of the, 2-29

Lymeryk, Thomas, and others, pardon
*to, 172

Lymger, Richard, 8

Mabel's mill, Ouseburn, G. B. Richard-
son's drawing of, 1 36
Mack Dowel, Mrs. Ann, of Hartley, 36
Maces, 247
MacFadyen, Frank Edward, elected,

135
Machete, a South American, presented,

270
Mackrelle, Win., of Barmoor, a recusant,

190
MacLeod, Rev. R. C., on Mitford

church, 55, 99 ; on Widdrington

church, 80

MacLuckie, J. R., of Falkirk, 54
McMillan, James, elected, 105
Maddison, Anthony, of Escomb, dispute

concerning stall in church, 267
Madonna, &c., pictures of the, 223
Magis, Piercebridge said to be the

Roman, 123
Maiden or funeral garlands in Holy

Island church, &c., 174

' Main Gauche,' a, 256

Mainsforth, 7

Mallum, William, of West Auckland, a
papist, 265

Mam tor, Derbyshire, plan of, 174

Man, Thomas, ciirate of Escomb, 267

Mandeville, Geoffrey de, effigy of, 238

Manfield, manor of, 130

Mangerton, the laird of, 216

Mangey, Thomas, a Durham prebend-
ary; 106 ; sermon by, 105

Manners [Maners], lord Charles, daugh-
ter of a soldier in his regiment born,
79 ; Cuthbert, administration of , 201;
lady Elizabeth, 150 ; Gilbert, of Etal,
201 ; John de, inquisition as to heir-
ship of, at Felton, 200 ; born at Etal,
200 ; baptized in Ford church, 200 ;
and son, prosecuted for killing Wil-
liam Heron, and another, of Etal,
200; Robert [1437], of Etal, 201 ;
J.P., M.P., and sheriff for Northum-
berland in 1464, 201 ; married
Eleanor, daughter of Thomas, lord
Roos, 201 ; Robert, knight, 280 ;
Kent, of Norham, and Wm. Parker of
London, suit between, 20 \n ; Robert
de, held Etal in 1272, 200 ; Etal
castle built by, in 1341,200; inquis.
p.m., 200'; succeeded by Sir John,
200 ; Sir Robert, lord of Etal, and
Eleanor Roos, licence to marry in
oratory at Wressel, 20 In

Marches, east, deputy warden of, resided
at Etal castle, 200 ; John Selby,
deputy warden, 189 ; musters of the,
194, 203 ; and middle, warden of the,
184 ; Henry, earl of Northumber-
land, guardian of the, 164 ; Ralph
Carr, juror for. 195 ; middle, muster
of the, 203

'March treason,' death penalty for, 218

March, earl of, his attorney, 116

Marcus Aurelius, coin of, from Tyne
at Newcastle, 94

Margery, lady of Ulgham, 76

Mariscis, Richard de, archdeacon of
Northumberland, 155

Marius, a third brass coin of, from
Wallsend, 72

Mark, his Survey of Northumberland in
1734, 77, 185, 191

Markets and fairs, instituted at Bew-
castle, 125 ; at Ford, 192n ; at South
Shields, 210

Markland Grippon, Derbyshire, plan of
British camp at, 282

' Marlishgate,' the, near Ulgham, 80

Marmion quoted, 83

324

INDEX : MAR — MIN

Marnhull, William, rector of Whitburn,

143

Marriages, &c., at Ulgham, 78, 79
Marsh, G., rector of Ford, 200
Marshall, Cuthbert, rector of Whitburn,
&c., 143 ; Gilbert, of Houghal, co.
Durham, assignment to, 134
Marston Moor, certain leaders fall out

after. Son
Martell, Roger, confirmation of grant

by, 155

Martin, John, of Durham, bond to, 1
Mary, daughter of James II., 258
Maryett, Richard, and others, pardon

to, 172
Masha.-n, Edward Moises, vicar of,

facing 290

Masons, Newcastle, incorporated com-
pany of, 160

Masons' marks in Mitford church, 100
Mason, Dyonas, 6 ; Lancelot, 6, 7 ;

Robert, 6, 7

Massam, Nicholas de, vicar of Mitford, 55
Matchlock gun, 250
Matfen, John de, attorney for Eda

Crag,' 116

Mathewe, John, sheriff, 164
Matthew, Toby, bishop of Durham,

letter of, 84
Ma'ttinson, Robert, 7
Maughan, Mr., rector of Bewcastle, 220
Mawson, Joseph, elected, 257
Maximilian, ivory throne of, in San
Vitale, Ravenna, 222 ; I., of Ger-
many, 239

May, Thomas, on Roman weights, 62
' Medallic portraits of Christ,' 268
Medieval, grave covers, in Bewcastle
church, 228; in Brampton old church-
yard, 214 ; at Corsenside church,
164 ; Irthington, 214 ; Widdrington
church, 139 ; pottery from ' Chapel
Walls,' Wolsingham/139
Meggee, John, of Newcastle, mason, 180
Meggison, Lancelot, of Newcastle,
tanner, and Ellinor, his wife, 182 ;
arms of, on seal, 182 ; Thomas, of
Newcastle, mariner, administrator of
Lancelot, tanner, grant by, of land in
Newcastle, 182
Meldon, rector of, mortuary claimed by,

seized by abbot of Newminster, 60
Melsonby, copper mines at, 129
Members elected, 1, 35, 49, 71, 145, 173,

207, 257
Merchant adventurers of Newcastle,

apprentices to, 54 ; clerk to, 277
Mercury, bronze figure of, found at
Piercebridge, 124, 125

Merdefen [Merdesfen], manor of, alien-
ated, 57 ; grant of lands, &c., in, 154,
155
Merdesfen, Alan son of Elyas de, grant

by, 154

Merdenwood, tithes of, exchanged, 56
' Mereday,' a Christian name, 9
Merlay, Isabella de. married Robert de
Somerville, 76 ; Mary de, married
William, baron of Graystock, 76 ;
Ralph de, founder of Newminster, 76:
grants by, to Newminster, 75 ; Roger
de, held Morpeth with Ulgham, 76 ;
Sir Roger de, witness to a grant, 115 ;
Roger I., confirmed grants to New-
minster, 75; Roger de, IT , grants to
Newminster, 75 ; Roger III., lord of
Ulgham, confirmed grants to New-
minster, 75 ; grant of letters of
freedom by, 76 ; daughter of, 76 ;
death of, 75 ; William de, confirmed
grants to Newminster, 75

' Mertorio,' or ' Nertorio,' scratched on
Roman pottery, 46

Meynell, Roger, of North Kilvington,
married Margery Catherick, 90n

' Middle Ford,' Ulgham, 80
! Middleham, Bishop, town of, 7 ; co.
York, licence to Richard, duke of
Gloucester, to found a college at, 171

Middle Marches, principal men of, 38 ;
muster of, 80 ; Sir Robert Carey,
warden of the, 85 ; Sir Hugh Widd-
rington. deputy, 85 (See also under
Marches)

Middlesex, mandate to escheator of, 171

Middleton, Northumberland, chapel of,
56

Middleton St. George, 129

Middleton [Myddleton], widow, 7, 9 ;
Frances, witness to a deed, 181 ;
Gilbert de, besieged in Mitford castle,
76; Lambert, W., elected, 61 ; Wm., 9

Middle winter field, Stockton, 10

Midsummer's eve, bonfires on, 103

Milbanke, Mark, 178

Milbourne, Thomas, 178

Milburnes, and others, of Gilsland,
climbed walls of Naward castle, 2 1 6

Mills, old and new walk, and wind,
Bishop Auckland, 9

Mills, family, of Willington co. Durh in ,
292; colonel, 292

Miller, John, a soldier in lord Charles
Manner's regiment. 79 ; Susanna, 79

Millyng, Albert, a merchant of Cologne,
and others, grant of gold mines, &c.,
in Northumberland, &c., to, 184

Milner, William, of Newcastle, 27 On

INDEX : MIN — MOO

325

Miner's lamp presented, a, 36

Mines, at Stanhope, lessees of,Tl9 ;
action concerning, 17 ; of lead, 20 ;
of copper at Melsonby, 129 (See
also under Lead)

Missaglia, Antonio da, a Milan armour-
smith, 239

Missal, a Roman service, exhibited, 258;
F. R. N. Haswell on, 258

Mitchell, Mrs., elected, 135; Charles
- William, of Jesmond towers, death

; of, 110

Mitford, burgesses of, quit claim land
at, to Newminster abbey, 60 ; Wm.
de Otteley, bailiff of, 58 ; Peter,
forester of, 58 ; barony, charter of
Henry III. relating to, 57 ; held by
Roger Bertram, 57 ; fees in, held by
Hugh de Eufre, and another, 57 ;
forfeited by Roger Bertram, 57n ;
granted to Philip de Ulcotes, 57n ;
bridge, Jul' le Portere drowned from,
58 ; castle, 55 ; Gilbert de Middle-
ton besieged in, 76 ; fair, 57 and n ;
ward of, 57 ; church, 55 ; Rev. R.
C. MacLeod, vicar, on, 99; Pigdon
and Mitford chapels in, 99, 100 ;
advowson of, alienated, 57 ; sanctu-
ary in, 56 ; in gift of king, 56 ; suit
against vicar for absence from cure,
56 ; served by Scottish priest, 56 ;
churchwardens of, 57 ; one prose-
cuted, 56 ; prosecution for brawling
in, 57 ; Walter, man of parson of,
outlawed, 58 ; Mr. Benlows ejected
from, 57 ; bells and communion
plate, 55 ; old taxation of, 55; vicars,
55 et seq. ; sedilia, 100 ; masons'
marks, 100 ; manor house, dog spit
in, 55 ; park, alienated, 57
Mitford and Newminster, an afternoon

meeting at, 38, 55

Mitford [Mitteford, Mitfurthe], one of
principal men of Middle Marches, 58 ;
Christiana de, grant for light, 60 ;
John de, ordained, 57 ; Richard,
received first tonsure, 57 ; Robert,
churchwarden of Ulgham, 78 ; Robt.
de, bailiff of Newcastle, and a juror,
58 ; a pledge for Beatrix de Witefield,
58 ; suit of prioress of Newcastle
against, 58 ; a burgess of New-
castle, action for rent against, 58 ;
a juror of Newburn, 58 ; a monk of
Newcastle, ordained, 57 ; Robert,
and others, at muster at Clifton field,
58 ; Mrs. Sarah, tablet to, in Chip-
ping Ongar church, 291 ; Thomas,
son of Robert de, set fire to Tyne-

[Newc. Proe.t 3 Ser. LJ

moutlTprior's mill, 58; Walter de, a
canon of Aln wick, ordained, 57; Wm.
de, received first tonsure, 57 ; of
Cistercian order, keeper of Howden,
Yorkshire, 58
Mithras, a temple of, discovered at

Krotzenburg, Germany, 117
Mitton, Lancashire, monuments of Sher

burnes in church of, 86
M. M. on old leaden cistern heads, 94
Modena, James II. married Mary Beat-
rix, daughter of Alphonsus III., duke
of, 258 ; Francis, duke of, 259
Moises [Moyses], family, 290 ; Caroline,
facing 290 ; Celia, facing 290 ; Cor-
nelius Hugh, facing 290; Edward,
rector of Key worth, Notts., 290 ; his
wife Elizabeth, 290; vicar of Mas-
ham, facing 290; death of, facing 290;
his wife and children, facing 290 ; of
Oswestry, 290 ; Eliza Frances, facing
290; Frances Anne, facing 290 ; Har-
riet, facing 290 ; Hugh, grant of arms
to, 290 ; of Alnwick, assumed name
of Lisle, facing 290; Hugh, M.D.,
facing 290; John, facing 290; Louisa,
facing 290; Margaret Anne, facing
290; Maria, facing 290 ; Mary, facing
290; Mary Anne, facing 290 ; daugh-
ter of Hugh, facing 290 ; daughter of
Wm. Bell, facing 290; Mary Bowes,
facing 290; Rosamond, facing 290;
Watson, facing 290 ; William, facing
290; Wm. Bell, vicar of Felton,
facing 290

Mommsen, prof., hon. member, death
of, 101, 110; obituary notice of, 103

Monitions, the bishop of Durham's, 267

Monke, John, alias Munk, of London,
wax chandler, in king's service, 164

Monkwearmouth cross, &c., of eighth
century, 223 ; monastery, 6

Monne, a Saxon mint master, 204

Mont acute, John Nevill, marquis of,
201n

Monteith, a, exhibited, 208 ; J. C.
Hodgson on, 208

Montf ort, Sir Peter de, grant of Glante-
ley to, 115

Monumental remains at Tynemouth.
74

Moore close, the, Auckland, 9, 10

Moormaster, bishop of Durham's, 17,
19, 20 ; book of, stolen, 19

Moore, Hugh, 7

* Moote,' 'them of the, 217

Moot Hall, Newcastle, G. B. Richard-
son's drawing of north front of, 136

Mooblaw, muster at the, 80

326

INDEX : MOR— MUS

Morden, Surrey, parish registers of,
presented, 269

Morden tower, Newcastle town walls,
161

More, Sir Thomas, 201n ; Sir Wra.,
lord of Abercorn, indenture of, 116

Morlande, widow, 7

' Morning Star,' 248

Morpeth, 280; held by Roger de Merlay,
76 ; James I. proclaimed at, 85n ;
visitation at, 188 ; church, com-
mission relating to presentation to,
55 ; Cuthbert Fenwick, rector of,
78n, 79 ; fireplace in, 282

Morrell, Robert, one of Edward the
sixth's commissioners, 130

Mortars, two bronze exhibited, 4; stone,
found in Newcastle, 272

Morton, John, a prebendary of Dur-
ham, 14 ; Rev. W., vicar of New-
castle, letter of, 84

Mortuary claimed on death of Adam
de Thornton, 60

Mosley Street, Newcastle, G. B.
Richardson's drawing of the demoli-
tion of the Union bank in, 136

Mossop, J. Fletcher, occupier of Ford
castle, 191

' Mote,' the, Brampton, 213 ; Howard
monument on, 214 ; W. G. Colling-
wood on, 214 ; at Burton in Lons-
dale, 214 ; at Irthington, 214 (See
also Moote)

Mother goddesses, sculpture of, found
at, South Shields, presented, 106

Mould, Ralph, and others, initials of, on
old mantelpiece, Newcastle, 106

' Moulds,' bottles so named, 36

Mountague, John, dean of Durham, 14 ;
dispensation to, 15

Mowat, Robert, on Roman altars to
Antenociticus from Benwell, 176 ; to
Ocean and Neptune from Tyne, 92

Mowbray, Arthur, the bishop's agent,
his account of wharfage at Blyth, 260

Mowe, cattle stolen by the laird of, 195

M., R., AM and IM, letters on old
mantelpiece, Newcastle, 106

Mulcaster, Dorathy, marriage of, 79 ;
James, curate of Ulgham, buried, 79 ;
Isabella, his widow, 79 ; Jane,
marriage of, 79

Muttons, owners of Newcastle castle, 225

Murray, Thomas, evirate of Ulgham, 78
and n ; married Frances Fenwick,
78n ; baptism of Frances, his daugh-
ter, 78

Muschamp, Ford, a barony in manor
of, 192

Muschamp [ Muschyens, Muschans,
Mustyance, Mostians], pedigree of,
189n ; tower of, at Byermore ' in ex-
treme decaye ' in 1541, 189 ; Edward,
of ' Barlmer,' 186 : Edward, amount
due for tithes of Barmoor, 189 ;
Edward, of Holy Island, married
daughter of Sir George, 189 ; sold
lands, 189; George, 189; held Bar-
moor, 190; at Barmer in 1509, 189;
of Barmore (with others), executor
under a will, 189; tithes from, for
Barmoor and mill, 189 ; cattle of,
stolen by Scots, 190 : a witness before
a commission, 190 ; oath of, as
sheriff of Northumberland, 190 ; a
juror at ' Newborne,' 190; Sir George,
last owner of Barmoor of name, 189 ;
Janet, widow, will of, 189 ; her body
to be buried in Lowick church, 189;
Robert, of Barmoor, attended an
armed muster, 190 ; Robert de,
Wooler barony conferred on, 189 ;
Roger, dispute between Thomas
Carr, his master, and, 195 ; Thomas
de, got licence in 1341 for Barmoor
tower, 189 ; Wm., sheriff of North-
umberland, temp. James I., 190 ;
Wm. de, 194 ; held Barmoor in 1272,
190 ; Wm., of co. Dublin, lands sold
to, 189 ; Sir Wm. de, J.P. for North-
umberland, temp James I. &c., 190;
letter of, respecting landing of
Spaniards, 190

Museum, donations to, passim

Musgraves, took ' Kinmont Willie,'
231; Carletons and, variance between,
216

Musgrave, Anthony, of Newcastle, 104;
Sir Christopher, letter of, concerning
Newcastle, 86; Edward, of the
Trough, banished into Ireland, 233 ;
suspected of breaking into house of
parson of Bewcastle, 233 ; ' Jack,'
governor of Bewcastle, 226 ; tomb-
stone of his daughter at Holme Cul-
tram, 226 ; letter of, from Bewcastle,
229 ; John, land sergeant of Gilsland,

218 ; of Plumpton, in office as, 219 ;
obtained house of Ednill as residence,

219 ; (and another) mustered Bew-
castle men, 229 ; Philip, son of
Richard, of Howick, party to a deed,
104 ; seal of, 104 ; Richard, son of
Sir Simon, appointed deputy of
Bewcastle, 230 ; stayed entering
office, 230 ; Robert, bailiff of New-
castle, 276 ; de Penrith, Robert (see
Penrith, Robert de) ; Sir Simon,

INDEX : MUS — NEW

327

captain of Bewcastle, 230, 231 ; his
cattle stolen by the Scots, 229 ; and
his son Thomas, 217 ; income of,
217; agreement between Grames and,
230 ; Thomas, 233 ; deputy captain
of Bewcastle, on origin of Grahams of
Esk, &c., 230 ; deputy warden of Bew-
castle, 226; captain of Bewcastle, 231;
duel between Carletons and, 215;
letter of, relating to ' puirmen ' of
Bewcastle, 231 ; [Musgrove], Thomas,
rector of Whitburn, &c., 144

Musters of borders, 230 ; of horsemen
in Cumberland, 229 ; in 1584, 186 ;
armed horsemen from Bewcastle at,
229 ; of Eskdale ward, inhabitants
of Bewcastle did not attend, 229 ; at
Brampton, 218 ; at Clifton field, 58 ;
of Eskdale ward, 216 ; of East
March, 203 ; people of Barmoor,
present at, 189; tenants of Old and
New Ettaill at, 202 ; names of horse-
men, &c., of Ford attended, 194 ; of
Middle Marches, 80 ; at ' Mutelaw,'
one horseman from Duddo at, 203

Mutelaw, muster of Middle March at, 203

Nassington, Roger de, an acolyte,
instituted to Ford church, 198 ;
licence to attend schools, 198

Naworth, Roman altars at Rokeby
from, 215 ; demesne and park of,
217 ; castle, 217 ; needed repair,
229 ; dilapidated in 1580, 235 ; walls
climbed by Bell and others, 216 ;
Lancelot Carleton held, 219 ; old
prophecy concerning, 235 ; alabaster
carvings in, 235n ; plan of, 236 ;
George Selwyn's description of, 235 ;
meeting at, 213 ; lady Dorothy
Howard's description of, 234 ; mem-
bers entertained at, 234; lord William
Howard's rooms, 234 ;' Dacre tower,'
234 ; armour, 234

Naxavan, co. Durham, inscription on
door lintel at, 292

Neell, Richard, knight, 280

Nelson, Ralph, MSS. of, 4 et seq., 264,
265, 266

Nepaul, the national weapon of, 256

Neptune, Roman altar to, from Tyne,51,
112; Roman coins with reverses of, 92

Nero, coin of, found at Pierceb ridge 124

' Nether Close,' Weardale, 67

Netherlands, Spanish coins found in
the, 270

Netherwitton, &c., final concord relat-
ing to lands at, 208, 209

Neville house, oak carving from, 39-41

Nevill [Nevyle, Neville, Nevyll, Nevile],
Alesia de, Robert, lord of Greystock,
married, 76 ; Edward, knight, late
lord Bergevenny, and Elizabeth his
wife, 171 ; Francis (and others), final
concord between, 209 ; George,
knight, lord Bergevenny, the king's
kinsman, to enter into all baronies,
&c., 171 ; H. M., rector of Ford,
Under a Border Tower, by, 200ft ;
described Ford castle and church,
191 ; John, late marquis of Monta-
cute, recovery on death of, 201n. ;
Ralph, earl of Westmorland, Philippa,
daughter of, married Thomas de
Dacre, 235 ; Ralph (and Edith his
wife), eldest son of the earl of West-
morland, grant to, 155 ; Roger, and
others, final concord between, 209

Newbiggin, flint objects found at, 271

Newburn, jurors for East and Middle
Marches at, 195 ; Robert Mytforthe,
58 ; George Muschamp, 190

Newburgh, wives of James, first earl
of, 149

Newby, C. D., of Durham, presented
MS book of records of Durham Court
of Pleas, 89

NEWCASTLE: Roman stone coffins found
in, 95, 112 ; tablet from the Tyne at,
72 ; coins found at foot of Side, ex-
hibited, 26, 31; from the Tyne at, 136;
British stone axe- hammer found at
Barras bridge, 146

Newcastle : arms of, on a panel, 147 ; a
plan of, of 1650, 31 ; Pandon annexed
to, 160 ; grant of a messuage in, 115 ;
penny of Edward I. struck at, 52 ;
' dagger money,' 26

Newcastle, visit of Henry IV. to, 278 ;
siege of, in 1644, 159 ; besieged by
General Leslie, 156 ; Cuthbert Carr,
one of defenders of, 261 ; a civil war
letter relating to, 119 ; H. A. Adam-
son on, 119 ; rebels had design on, in
1715, 86 ; letter concerning refusal
of assistance to, offered by lord Wid-
drington, 86 ; will not accept papists
assistance, 86 ; old deeds relating to,
144 ; O. J. Charlton's abstract of,
176 ; grants to the earl of Northum-
berland out of the customs, &c., of,
184 ; and to Richard de Horsley, out
of customs of wool of, 292 ; inquisi-
tion respecting Ford church held at,
196 ; deaths from plague in, 48 ; bon-
fires at, 103 ; fares of the chair- men
in, in 1790, 162; letter dated from,

328

INDEX I NEW — NEW

169 ; lord Eldon born in, 159 ; statue
of James II. in, 278 ; old, G. B. Rich-
ardson's drawings of, exhibited, 136;
Dr. Bruce's lectures on, 135

Newcastle corporation, presented cis-
tern heads to museum, 94 ; carving
knife and fork, from old mansion
house exhibited, 138 ; bills and
Lochaber axes formerly belonging to
armoury of, 248, 249

Newcastle mayors: Thomas Bonner,
177, 178 ; John Emerson, 14 ; John
Penreth, 277 ; Wm. del Strothre, 116

Newcastle aldermen : Henry Brandling,
195 ; Timothy Robson, 179 ; Peter
Sanderson, 177 ; Hugh Hornby, 147 ;
bailiffs: Robert de Mitford (and
juror), 58 ; Robert Musgrave, 276 ;
Thomas de Penrith, 276 ; John
Penrith, 276 ; bailiffs superseded by
sheriff, 276 ; sheriffs : John Penrith
II., 277 ; John Penrith III., 277 ;
Peter Sanderson, 177, 178; burgesses
of : Wm. Bell, 274, 275 ; Robert de
Mitford, 58

Newcastle members of parliament :
John Blakestone, 119, 134; Robert
de Penrith, 276 ; John Penrith, 27 6j
George Renwick, 69

Newcastle assay office : hall-marked
plate, 81 ; silversmiths : Eh' Bilton,
132 ; John Dowthwaite, 90

Newcastle castle : attack on, by Sir
Wm. Lisle, 82 ; notes on keep of, 32 ;
well in, 34 ; banners, a sheet of
coloured drawings of, 36 ; and Col.
Liddell, 109 ; and Mr. Turner, 109

Newcastle Blackgate museum, bronze
mortars in, 34 ; castlegarth, ancient
doorway in the, 36 ; plan and eleva-
tions of, 37

Newcastle churches : Revd. W. Morton
vicar, 84; All Saints, old oak from,
41 ; brass of Roger Thornton in, 2 ;
chantry of St. Elgy in, 274 ; Hugh
Moises, lecturer of , 290; St. Andrew's,
160 ; St. Nicholas's, boss from, 41 ;
request for burial in, 84

Newcastle companies : masons, 160 ;
merchant adventurers, 54, 277 ; in-
denture of John Hutchinson of Hun-
derthwait, 54

Newcastle grammar school masters :
Edward Moises, 290; Hugh Moises,
facing 290

Newcastle hospitals : Jesus hospital,
160 ; master and brethren of the

~ Walknoll, 274 ; Wm. Acton, founder,
275 ; foundation deed, 275

Newcastle monasteries, &c. : prioress
of, her suit against Robert de Mit-
ford, 58 ; Robert de Mitford, a monk
of, ordained, 57

Newcastle prisons': Bridewell, rules of, 3

Newcastle, streets, chares, &c., in, 274
et seq. ; Haworth's, otherwise Erring-
ton's, otherwise Pallister's, otherwise
Black Boy chare, 181; Elmer's, other-
wise Shipman's, otherwise Chrome's
chare, 181

Newcastle, old houses, &c. : carved
oak from, 39 ; Anderson place, 157 ;
Carliol croft, 157 ; ' Bares Mylne ' in,
277 ; water mills in suburbs of, 27 7j
fireplace jamb from old house in
Castlegarth, 26 ; a house of Roger
Thornton in Cloth Market, 276; grant
of a tenement in ' le flescherraw,' 274;
two sculptured armorial panels from
Gilpin's yard, Newcastle, presented,
147 ; tenement in the Mele Market,
277 ; inscribed stone from old house
in Newgate, 106 ; cistern heads from
old houses in Pilgrim Street and on
Quayside, 94 ; grant of premises on
the 'Key side,' 179, 180; stone mor-
tar found at Red barns, 272 ; grant
of tenement in the Side, 177, 276 ;
grant of land at the White Cross, 182 ;
Whyn close in, 277

Newcastle walls, towers, &c. : the late
S. Holmes's account of walls, 162 ;
towers and gates of walls of, 159 et
seq.; old parchment said to have been
found in West Walls, 209 ; breach in
walls during siege of, 159, 160, 161 ; a
perambulation of the, 138, 157; figures
on, 158 ; postern gate given by king
to Friars, 158, 161 ; Newgate, site ot,
160 ; shield of arms from, 277 ; Pan-
don gate, 160 ; photograph of Black-
gate presented, 269 ; Plummer tower,
160 ; photograph of, presented, 269 ;
Roman Wall crossed a little to north
of Sallyport gate, 159

' Newecastel,' a great gun used iri siege
of Bamburgh castle so named, 167

Newcastle, lord, and others, ' had fallen
out,' 85n ; earl of, skirmish of, at
Tees, 130 ; duke of, letter to, concern-
ing timber, 86

' Newcastle call,' Dr. Jennison's, 48

Newgate meadow, Stanhope, 11

Newminster, Mitford and, a country
meeting at, 38, 55

Newminsfcer, Ralph de Merlay, founder
of, 76; monks of, ejected from Ul-
gham, &c., 76

INDEX I NEW — NOB

329

Newminster, Wm. de Graystock buried
before high altar at, 76 ; king at, in
1314, 60 ; accounts, 80 ; grants and
confirmations to, 75 ; Ralph de Gray-
stock buried at, 75 ; benefactors to,
75, 83 ; final concord between,
and Gerard Widdrington concerning
boundaries, 75 ; Aldworth granted to,
56 ; Chop well manor granted to, in
exchange, 60 ; grants to, of common
of pasture in Ulgham, 75 ; of Ulg-
ham grange, 80 ; to Robert the abbot
and monks of, of two waste chapels,
58 ; to light of blessed Robert of, 60 ;
monks of, ordained, 60 ; abbot of, in-
denture between, and prior of Brink-
burn, relating to St. Leonard's chapel,
and another, 58 ; agreement between
St. Leonard's hospital and, 58 ; ex-
changes of land between Holystone
and, 196 ; of tithes with, 56 ; abbot
summoned to Newcastle, 60 ; witness
to a composition, 60 ; seized mort-
uary claimed by rector of Meldon. 60;
appointed attorneys in actions con-
cerning land, 59 ; Robert, abbot, 60 ;
abbey ruins, 59 ; carved corbel hi
chapter house, 74

Newspaper cuttings, &c., relating to
Tyne bridge, presented, 145

Newton, near Chillingham, Thomas de
Rede's seal found at, 31

Newton Cap estate, near Bishop Auck-
land, purchased by Mr. Bacon, Sn

Newton Ketton, Ancient British flint
implements found at, 64

Newton [Neweton, Neuton], Gregory
de, stabbed in the belly, 194 ; John, of
Newcastle, bond of, 1 ; Stephan de,
ordained deacon to title of Ford
chantry, 198

Nicholas the clerk of Mitford, 56

Nicholson, Christopher, 178 ; James, a
Scotsman, 195

Nicolson, bishop, and Bewcastle, 226

Nisbet, James Thompson, elected, 7 1

Nixons, the, of Bewcastle, 230 ; a sur-
name in Bewcastle, 231

Nobles, the, of Bewcastle, 230

Nocton, 150, 152

Nonconformists, baptism of children of,
79

Nonconformity, John Foreside ejected
from Ancroft for, 188

Norfolk, duke of, marriage of third son
of, to a Dacre heiress, 77 ; letters to,
concerning border affairs, 216 ; John,
duke of, 280

Norham, captain of, tithes due from, for

Duddo, 202, 203 ; Robert Maners,
knight, lieutenant of, 20 In ; proctor
of, tithes due from, for Dodow mill,
202 ; castle, jurisdiction of, 185 ;
Drake, vicar of, 189

Norman carved window head built into
Ulgham church, 78

Norse and Danes in Viking age had own
style of ornamentation, 224

North, provision for the king's house-
hold towards the, 184

Northburgh, Roger de, priest of
' Bannes,' 196 ; his proctor, 196 ;
petition of, 197 ; sequestration of
Ford granted to, 196

Norton, John, 155

Northallerton standard hill, objects
found at the, 148

' Northeland,' Escomb, 262

Northold camp, Middlesex, plan of, 106

Northumberland, Phoenician worship
in, 104 ; flint arrow-heads, &c., found
in, 271 ; Black dyke enters at Peel
Fell, 129 ; extracts from Patent
Rolls relating to, 184 ; grants to the
earl of Northumberland, out of the
customs, &c., of, 183 ; to George
Percy out of issues of, 279 ; ex-
chequer commissions and depositions
relating to, 26 ; proofs of age of heirs
to estates in 200n ; mandate to es-
cheator of, 171 ; grant of gold and
other-mines in, to Cologne merchants,
184 ; pardon to king's subjects of,
212 ; ' serpent, brains of the,' 84 ;
gentlemen of, 203 ; list of gentlemen
of, in 1549, 202 ; commissions of the
peace for, 279 ; Robert Manners,
J.P. for, 201 ; justice of peace for, Sir
Wm. Muschamp, 190 ; assizes, trial of
Ford tithe case at, 199 ; French
landed on coast of, 82 ; Berwick now
part of, 144 ; archdeacon of, bishop's
official, enquiry by, respecting Ford,
196 ; report on, 196 ; archdeacon
Richard de Mariscis, 155 ; arch-
deacon Sayer of, 188 ; William,
' dean ' of, 188 ; coroner Adam
Baret, 56; M.P. for, 85; Robert
Manner, 201 ; sheriffs,: writ to, 279 ;
Thomas Carr of Ford, "l 95 ; Sir Hugh
Gubion, 155 ; Sir John Heron, 192 ;
Wm. Hayrun, 115, 192 ; Sir Hugh,
85 ; Robert Manners, 201 ; George
Muschamp, 190 ; Wm. Muschamp,
190 ; Sir Thomas Swinburne, 195 ;
Gerard de Widdrington, 83 ; Sir Hy.
Wodderington, 84 ; Sir Roger de
Widdrington, 83 ; Sir John Wid-

330

INDEX : NOB — PACE

drington, II., 83 ; Sir John, III, 83 ;
Sir Roger de Widdrington, 83 ; Robt.
Witherington, 84 ; Mark's Survey of
a Portion of, in 1734, 77, 185, 191 ;
heralds' visitations of, 117, 189n

Northumberland, earls of, bequests
under will of, 194 ; Henry Percy,
184, 280 ; guardian of east and
middle marches, 164 ; captain of
Berwick, 164 ; fifth earl of, 70 ; duke
of, cell at Widdrington belonged to,
82 ; Stagshawbank fair belongs to,
211 ; on earl of Ravensworth, 113

Northumbria, Charlemagne sent to, for
teachers, 224

Northumbrian, evidence that Bartram
Dawson was a, not a Scot, 169 ;
recusants, 190 ; flails, 270

Northumbrians, general pardon to, 212

Norton, lease to enclose at, 12 ; north
meadow, 10

Norwich, wages of chief carpenter of
Berwick to be paid from issues of city
of, 164

Nottingham, standard of Charles I.
raised at, 119; Cuthbert Marshall,
archdeacon of, 143 ; co., mandate to
escheator of, 171; county of, plan
of British camp in, 282

Novo Castro, Stephan de, fine levied to,
57

Nunnykirk left by will of Sir Ralph
Gray, 80

' Nunquam satis,' motto on a seal, 179

Nuremberg, a great armour-making
centre, 239 ; armourers' marks of,
242, 246

Nutcrackers, carved wooden, exhibited,
102

Oak, carved head of, exhibited, 30 ;

carvings, Waterville, North Shields,

38 ; trees, crosses and, as boundary

marks, 75
* Oceanus,' a Roman altar to, discovered

in Tyne, 50, 112; R. O. Heslop on,

50 ; R. Mowat on, 92
OCIANO LEG vi VT P F, on Roman altar

from Tyne, 51
O'Connor, Roderick, of New- garden,

Galway, facing 290
Offa's dyke, Lyonshall, Herefordshire,

106
Officers, Council and, for 1903, 24 ; for

1904, 114
Offley, Robert, prebendary of Durham,

16
Oger, parson of Ancroft, 188

Ogles, the, 146

Ogle [Oggill, Oggil], Sir Cuthbert, par-
son of Ford, 198 ; rebuilt tower, 198 ;
Gilbert de, Alice, wife of, 115; Sir
Henry A., documents communicated
by, 115 ; John, son of Gilbert, grant
by, 115; John de, witness to a grant,
155 ; Mark, of Ponteland, before
court for brawling in Mitford church,
57 ; Robert, of Belsay, gave title for
ordination, 56 ; of Hilthorn, Wood-
horn, Robert son of, 79 ; of Ogle,
knight, 280 ; Wm. de, 115

Old Byland parish, North Yorkshire,
British stone implements found in,
148

Old Ingersly, Leicestershire, plan of
British camp at, 282

Oliver, Thomas, the residence of, in
1842, G. B. Richardson's drawing of,
136

Olwfwolthu, name of, on Bewcastle
cross, 221

Orange, William, prince of, 259

Orchard, Wm. de, rector of Whitburn,
143

Ord, John, of Lincolns Inn fields, a
marriage settlement trustee, 182 ;
arms of, on seal, 183 ; Mary, daughter
of John, of Weetwood, facing 290

Ordinations, 60, 198 ; by bishops of
Bisaccia, 57, 206 ; Corbania, 57 ; and
of Carlisle, 57

Ordnance, three pieces of great, at
Berwick, 84

Ore, lead, 17, 21

Oriental armour, 245

Orkney, description of a ' crusie ' from,
283; a flail frcm, 284

Ormesby, co. Norfolk, grant of the fee
farm of, 155

' Orred croft,' Esthertwayton, North-
umberland, 116

Osmotherley survey, 12

Oswiu, name of, on Bewcastle cross, 221

Otteley, Wm. de, bailiff of Mitford, 58

Otterburn, battle of, 161

' Overlozars,' 115

Ovingham, liberties, &c., in, 183

Oxford co., mandate to escheator ot,
171

Oxford, second earl of, journey through
northern counties, 83

Oyster shells on buildings, 167

Pace, John, of Newcastle, 181 ; Robert,
churchwarden of Ulgham, 78

INDEX : PAG — PETER

331

Pacenses, the, garrisoned Magis, 123

Packesham camp, Surrey, 62

Paget, Col. and Mrs. Alwyn, 200

Paleolithic stone implements from
India presented, 26

Paley, Dr., rector of Bishop wearmouth,
96, 97

Palsy, the, 104

Pallister's chare, otherwise Haworth's,
&c., Newcastle, 181

Pandon, annexed to Newcastle, 160 ;
site of Ad Mtirum, 160; gate, New-
castle, 160

Papedi [Papedy], arms of family of,
188n ; founder of An croft chapel, 188

Papists, 265; action against, for absence
from church, 264 ; and delinquents,
Mr. Hall one, 17

Pardons, general, to Northumbrians,
212

Paris national collection, Roman coins
in the, 92

Park, James Allan, justice, 183

Parker, Wm., citizen and tailor of
London, suit between Sir Robert
Manners and, 201n

Parkhead, co. Durham, 10

Parletland, Bishop Auckland, 8

Parma, titular duke of, 259

' Partisan,' a, 249

Pathan tulwar, a, 30

Patrick, earl of Dunbar; attests a char-
ter at Dissington, 52

Pattinson, Thomas, witness to a deed,
182

Paxton, Robert, a debtor in Durham
prison, 17

Peace, Commissioners of the, for North-
umberland, 279

Peal, John, a Newcastle chair-man, 162

Pearson, Edward, of Newcastle, 27 6n
(See also Peirson)

Pedigree of Loraine of Kirkharle, pre-
sented, 29

Pedigrees, of Mrs. Robert Delaval of
Seaton Delaval, 149 ; of Jackson of
West Rainton hall, co. Durham, 144 ;
of Moises of Newcastle, facing 290 ;
of Muschamps, 189n

Peel Fell, Black dyke enters Northum-
berland at, 129

' Peele of the hill, surpassed all the
theeves of Bewcastle,' 233

Peg tankard, a, c.1670, exhibited, 90

Peirson, H. T., on a British grave at
Tally- ho -gate, Brandon hill, co. Dur-
ham, 139. (See also Pearson)

Pen- case, an early Dutch engraved
brass, exhibited, 36

Penda of Mercia, the daughter of, 221

Penitentiary, letter of Berengarius the
pope's, 59

' Penny post, Cullercoats, 1839,' a letter
so stamped, 209

Penreths or Penriths, 276

Penrith [Penreth,' Pendreth, Penereth,
Penderethe], Edward, held a tene-
ment in the Mele market, Newcastle,
277 ; John, grant of a tenement in
Newcastle to, 274 et seq. ; John,
party to a fine relating to shops in
Newcastle, 277 ; sheriff, M.P., and
mayor of Newcastle, 276 ; obtained
grant of land from mayor, &c., of
Newcastle, 277 ; clerk to merchant
adventurers, 277 ; property at Cor-
bridge of, 276 ; John de, constable
of Harbottle castle, 276; John, II.,
sheriff of Newcastle, 277 ; John, III.,
sheriff of Newcastle, 277 ; Robert de,
bailiff of Newcastle, 276 ; M.P. for
Newcastle, 276 ; Robert, at All
Saints church, 276 ; Thomas, of Cloth
market, Newcastle, draper, a juror,
276; sheriff of Newcastle, 276; arms
of, 276 ; Thomas de, instituted to
Jesmond chapel, 276 ; William, party
to a fine relating to tenements in
Newcastle, 277 ; his complaint
against Henry Brandlyne, 277

Perat, John, of Great Ryal, 176; Wil-
liam, of Great Ryal, 176

Percy, Douglas and, traditional site of
encounter between, 161

Percy, dame Eleanor, wife of Sir Henry
de, release of dower land by her
attorney, 116 ; George, the king's
servant, grant to, for life from issues
of Northumberland, 279 ; knight,
and another, attorneys of Henry
Grey, lord Grey, 58 ; Henry de,
built octagon tower at Alnwick, 278 ;
Sir Henry, reason why named Hot-
spur, 70 ; Henry, earl of Northum-
berland, bequest by will of, 194 ;
buried at Beverley, 194 ; the king's
kinsman, appointed warden of the
marches, 184 ; grant out of issues of
Hull, &c., to, 184 ; appointment as
great chamberlain, 184 ; grant to, of
manor of Holderness, 184

Pestilence, William de Graystock died
at Dunbar of, 76

Peter, the priest, son of John, parson of
Mitford, grant by, 56 ; the Saracen,
made crossbows in England in 1205,
246 ; of the Harlaw, 231 ; forester
of Mitford, 58

332

INDEX I PET — POT

Peterborough, John Montague, dean, of
Durham detained at, by illness, 15

Pette, John, from Ancroft,'at muster,
186

Philip II. and IV. of Spain, coins of,
presented, 270

Phillips, Maberly, exhibited documents
relating to Seaton Sluice, 36; on straw
splitters, 274

Phoenician worship in Northumber-
land, 104

Piccinino, Lucio, 242

Pikeryng, Edward, witness to a grant,
156

Pickhill, Yorkshire, pre-conquest cross
at, 223

Piercebridge, E. Wooleron ancient, 108,
123 ; a stone cist discovered at, 128 ;
gold ring found at, 128 ; Roman
camp at, cist and coins discovered in,
108 ; Roman vase from, exhibited,
100, 102; area of Roman station at,
123 ; plan of, 127 ; west rampart,
123 ; altar, &c., found at, 125 ; coins,
&c., found, 124, 125 ; pottery, &c.,
found, 125 ; bronze figure found,
124, 125 ; township of, 123 ; the
' tofts ' at, 123 ; site of chantry
chapel at, 124 ; free chapel, value of,
130 ; Peter Carter, incumbent, 130 ;
chalice, &c., of, at dissolution, 130 ;
Baliol family founded, 130 ; rents of,
bought by viscount Campden, 130 ;
presented to living of Whitwell, Rut-
land, 130 ; advowson of church of,
130 ; ancient brass at, 88 ; Colonel
Sir Thomas Howard of Tursdale, son
of lord Wm. and others, slain at, 130 ;
monument in Wetheral churchyard,
130 ; the inscription, 130 ; skirmish
in 1642 at, 130 ; cannon balls, &c.,
found near, 131

Pigdon chapel in Mitford church, 99

Pilgrim street, Newcastle, G. B.
Richardson's drawings of houses in,
137 ; gate, 137

Pilkington, bishop of Durham, 19 ;
Leonard, rector of Whitburn, etc.,
will of, 143n ; two of his curates, 143;
Toby, lease of Park house, 14

Pillow-lace bobbins presented, 286

Pilsbury castle, Derbyshire, plan of,
174

Pinckney, George, of Newcastle, notary
public, 178 ; Leonard, 8, 9

Pindar, Martin, executors of, creditors
of John Blackiston, 134

Pingle meadow ground, the, Langley,
co. Durham, 12

Pipe, a Dutch wooden, exhibited, 36
Piscinas, Bewcastle church, 226 ; Wid-

drington church, 81
' Pissing Carr ' the, Weardale, 67
Pistols, &c., 240 et seq.
Pitchbury ramparts, Essex, plan of, 174
Plague, deaths from, 77 ; in Newcastle,

the, deaths from, 48
Plate armour, beginning of, 238
Player, col. Thomas, creditor of John

Blackiston, 134
Pleas, MS. records of Durham court of,

presented, 89
Plumberow, Essex, plan of camp at,

136

Pleshey, Essex, plan of camp at, 136
Plummer tower, Newcastle, 160; photo-
graphs of, presented, 269
Plumpton park belonged to office of

Bewcastle, granted to Sir Simon Mus-

grave and his son Thomas for life, 231
Pollard, Mr., 91 ; Wm., assignment by,

of premises in Auckland, 156 ;

married Elizabeth Lamplew, 156
Pollowe, John de, sequestrator of

church of Ford, 196
Poniard, 256
Poole, Anne, daughter of Sir Henry,

barb., married James, earl of New-
burgh, 149
Poondi, India, stone implements from,

presented, 26
' Poor Charles,' tombstone of, in St.

Helens Auckland churchyard, 262
Poore, bishop of Durham, and convent

of Durham, dispute between, 187 ;

agreement between, 188
Pooris, William, clerk, secretary to

fifth earl of Northumberland, 70
' Poperie, all Hexamshire poisoned

with,' 84
Poppley, Thomas, rector of Whitburn,

143

Popylton, Thomas de, rector of Whit-
burn, 143
Porter, George, the king's servant,

grant to, of office of chief carpenter of

Berwick, 164 ; to be paid out of

issues of Norwich and Ipswich, 164
Portere, JuT le, drowned from Mitford

bridge, 58
Porti/orium, 197 and n
Potter, John, 7 ; Wm. of Hawkwell,

and others, award of. respecting lands

at Sandhoe, 179
Potters' names, Roman, discovered at

Wallsend, 45
Pottery, Roman, &c., discovered at

Wallsend, 45

INDEX : POW— REV

333

Powder flasks, 252 ]

Pre-conquest churches, 266 ; of Es-
combe, 266 ; crosses, &c., 223 ; at
Bamburgh, 167 ; inscribed at Bew-
castle, 220 ; at Ruthwell, 223 ; dial
at Kirkdale, Yorkshire, 220 ; remains
in Dovedale district, 268

Preston, surrender of, to general Car-
penter, 86

Preston, John, of Barmoor tower, 189

Price, George Frederick, rector of Whit-
burn, &c., 144

Priestfield, the, Auckland, 9

Pringle, George Lovaine Kerr, M.D.,
elected, 269

Proceedings, re-printing of, 154

Procolitia, Batavian -troops at, 51 ; cen-
turial stones from, 287

Prophecy, old, concerning Lanercost,
&c., 235

Prothonotary of bishop of Durham, 13

Proverb, an old, 201n

Prowse, George, creditor of John Black-
iston, 134

Prudhoe, Unfreville, baron of, 91

Psalter, the Boulogne, 222

Pudsey, bishop of Durham, 56; granted
Chopwell manor to Newminster in
exchange for Wolsingham, 60

Pulhore, John, rector of Whitburn, &c.,
143

Pulley, Richard, 155

Pulpit of Jarrow church, 41

Pybus, Humphrey, of Newcastle, mer-
chant, devise to, 179 ; death of, 180

Pye, Benjamin, rector of Whitburn, &c.
144

Quakers, 264

Quarries in Stanhope demised, 22

Quarrington Grange, 12

' Quarten,' the, 104

' Quere,' St. Helens Auckland, 262

Querns, ancient, found, 153, 154 ; of

shap granite, found at Stanwick, 108
Quicham, Sir William de, the bishop's

vicar general, 198
Quintus Lollius Urbicus, a Roman

legate, 73, 289

Radnor wood camp, plan of, 29
Raids into Cumberland by Scots, 229 ;

' nightly ' into Bewcastle, 230
' Railway Fever,' newspaper cuttings

relating to the, 106

Rainton, see Rayngton

Ramsay, Wm., of Newcastle, party to a
deed, 104

Randal, State of the Churches, 81

Randolph, Thomas, letter of, 84

Rapiers, 255

Ratcliffe, killed his son-in-law Carr of
Ford, at Alnwick, 192 ; [Ratclyff],
George, chaplain, presented to Wear-
mouth, 172

Ravenna, carving of throne in San
Vitale, 222

Ravensworth, earl of, death of, 109 ;
duke of Northumberland on, 113

Rawlinson, MSS. in the Bodleian
library, 149

Rawnsley, the Rev. Canon, on Bew«
castle cross, 226

Raye, Thomas, 84

' Rayes,' 279

Rayleigh, Essex, plan of camp at, 136

Rayngton, Thomas de, monk of New-
minster, ordained, 60

Read, John, of Great Ryal, 176. (See
also Reed, Reid)

Reay, Mrs., of Killingworth, bride's
coffer presented to, 39 ; Henry
Utrick, of Blackwell, settlement on
intended marriage of, 182; arms of,
on seal, 183

Rebels executed in Durham county,
list of, 173 ; surrender of, at Preston,
86 ; of 1715, 86 ; their design on New-
castle, 86 ; at Duns, 86 ; of 1745,

. .crossed border, inscription recording,
215

Rebellion of 1569, 262

Recusants, 262 ; Northumbrian, 190

Redworth, 170

Reed [Red, Rede], Henry, of Mitford,
58 ; Thomas de, seal of, in Edin-
burgh museum, 31. (See also Read,
Reid)

Registers of Bewcastle, 226

Reid & Co., A., presented miner's lamp,
36 ; photograph of old cistern heads
exhibited, 94 ; George Davison,
elected, 135 ; exhibited carving knife
and fork from old mansion house,
Newcastle, 138 ; John, witness to a
deed, 176 (See also Read, Reed)

Rental of Bishop Middleham, a, 6

Renwick, George, M.P. for Newcastle,
entertained members, 59

Report, annual for 1902, 24 ; for 1903,
109 ; curators' and treasurer's, for
1902, 24, for 1903, 115

Reveleys of Ancroft, important people,
186

(A'ewc. Proc., 3 Ser, L

334

INDEX : REV — ROMAN

Reveley [Reyfley], Edward, of Ancroft,
186 ;" George, 186 ; John, 186 ;
parish clerk of Ancroft, 188 ; Robert,
186

Reyndone, John de, clerk, grant to, 154

Rich, F. W., on Roman stone coffins
found in Newcastle, 95

Richard, bishop of Bisaccia, ordinations
by, 57, 198, 266 ; bishop of Durham,
directed defects of Ford church to be
enquired into, 196 ; parson of Rou-
byri [Rothbury], witness to a grant,
155 ; son of Walter, 57

Richardson's, G. B., drawings of old
Newcastle, 136 ; R. O. Heslop on,
136 ; John, justice, 183

Richeson of Burnehurst on King- water,
murdered by ' Willie of the Mott,'
217 ; Davie, a 'common and notori-
ous spoiler,' 217 ; Jo., 9

' Richie's Will,' 217

Richmond, John Shirwood, arch-
deacon of, 172

Richmond, Sir Robert Carey at, 85

Richmond close, Bishop Auckland, 8

Richmond, third duke of, 149

Riddesdale, Unfreville, baron of, 91; a
mortgage on, 280

Ridley [Rydley], Christofer, of Un-
thanke, 232 ; Hew, of Plenmeller,
232 ; James, of the Waltoune, 232 ;
John, of Henshaughe, 232 ; Margaret,
daughter of Richard, of Heaton,
facing 290 ; Marmaduke, son of Wm.,
232 ; Sir Matthew White, purchased
property at Blyth, 260 ; Nicholas, of
the Hardridinge, 232 ; Thomas, wit-
ness to a deed, 178 ; of Milkredge,
232 ; Wm., of Willimoteswick, mur-
dered by Scots, 232

Rigs, land divided into, 77

Rill well, Ford, 192

Rimerton ' a town called,' 199

Ring, with motto of Widdringtons, 83 ;
a gold, found at Piercebridge, 128

Ringhill, Essex, plan of camp at, 136

Rippon, George, son of George, of Water-
ville, North Shields, married Mar-
garet Fryer, 41 ; death of, 38 ; buried
at Lanchester, 38 ; death of Mrs.,
41 ; John, 38 ; Wm., monumental
inscription of, 38

Rising of 1715, 86 ; of 1745, 215 ; 'in
the North,' list of rebels in Durham
county executed, 175

Risingham, first cohort of Vangiones at,
142

Roade, Northampton, bobbins used in
pillow -lace making at, presented, 286

Robert, brother of Chibbtirn, 87 ; son
of Asketill, 225

Robertson, Ja., letter of, from Ford,
195

Roddam, Robert, of Little Houghton,
and his man, 199

Robinson's land, Bishop Auckland, 8

Robinson [Robynson], Eliz., 9; George,
9 ; J., 9 ; Jacob, 79 ; John, on
Bishopwearmouth tithe barn, 96; on
discoveries at Bishopwearmouth, 153;
Sir Thomas, removed Roman altars
from Naworth, 215 ; T. W. U, had
carved oak pulpit of Holy Island
church, 174 ; Wm., action against,
concernng tithes~of St. Helens Auck-
land, 265 ; Wm. Harris, death of, 109;
William alias Smyth, a Scot, per-
mission to, to reside in England, 172

Robson, ' tenant of her majesty's '
killed by Scots, 232 ; John, a debtor
in Durham prison, 17; J. S., presented
coins and tokens, 71 ; Jo., 9 ; Simon,
of Newcastle, cordwainer, and Jane
his wife, 182 ; Timothy of New-
castle, party to a deed, 179 ; seal of,
180 ; merchant and alderman, devise
to, 179, 180; William, 9

Rocheford, Sir Guy de, witness to a
grant, 155

Rochester castle, well in, 34

Rokeby, Roman altars at, from Cum-
berland, 215

Rokbye, John, of Newcastle, merchant,
and Jane his wife, 276

Roker, appeal for Bede memorial at, 52

Rolfe, baron, trial of Ford tithe case
before, collusive, 199

Roman Catholics meet in parish of Ky-
loe, 195

Roman altars (to Antenociticus) found
at Benwell, 142, 143 ; Robert Mowat
on, 176 ; found at Bewcastle, 220 ;
at Carrawburgh, 205 ; at Pierce-
bridge, 125 ; at Rokeby, 215 ; &c.,
from Tyne, 112; amphora from
Aquileia, 189 ; antiquities from St.
Stephen's churchyard, South Shields,
270 ; arrow-heads of iron presented,
26 ; bridge at Cilurnum, 123 ; across
Tees at Piercebridge, 123 ; camps, at
Benwell, 142 ; at Brough, Derby-
shire, 145 ; at Gellygaer, South
Wales, 135 ; at Greta Bridge, 128 ;
at South Shields, the ' forum ' and
east rampart, 94 ; centurial stones,
discovery of, 175, 286 ; stone coffins
discovered in Newcastle, 1 12 ; coins :
an aureus from Brampton, exhibited,

INDEX : KOMAN — ST.

335

54; third brass of Constans,118; found
at Piercebridge, 108, 124, 125; in New-
castle, 26, 31 ; of Clodius Albinus
from Tyne, 118; from Tyne at New-
castle, 64, 73, 136 ; at South Shields
(consular), 273 ; at Trow Rocks,
near South Shields, 94, 102 ; from
Wallsend, 46, 72 ; discoveries at
Wallsend, 42 ; helmet, cheekpiece of
a, discovered near South Collington,
Notts, 133 ; inscriptions from Tyne
at Newcastle, R. Mowat on, 92 ; F.
Haverfield on, 92 ; legions in Britain,
5 In ; potters names from South
Shields, 270; from St. Stephen's
churchyard at, 118 ; pottery dis-
covered at Wallsend, 45 ; road, 123,
129 ; north of Berwick, a supposed,
131 ; sculptured stone from South
Shields, 106 ; diamond-broached
stones, &c., in Escombe church, 266 ;
tablet from Tyne at Newcastle, 72 ;
R. O. Heslop on, 72; F. Haverfield on,
73 ; tombstone at Cliff e, Yorkshire,
90, 124 ; vases discovered at New-
castle, 95 ; at Piercebridge, 100,
102 ; Wall in Northumberland, Dr.
Krueger, on the, 74 ; note on the,
from Sir John Clerk's MSS., 27 ; a
country meeting on the, 36 ; at
Cuddy's Crag, 105 ; crossed New-
castle, a little to north of Sallyport
gate, 159 ; remains of, at Wallsend,
42 ; plan of site, 43 ; weights, 62

Romanus, archbishop, letter of king to,
201 ; at Etal, 201

Rome, historical congress in, 31

Romulus and Remus, device of wolf
suckling, on seal of Sir John Eden,
183

' Ronedick,' St. Helens Auckland, 262

' Ronsard,' a, 249

Roos, lord, 150 ; (and others) held Etal
in 1509, 201 ; George, lord, married
Anne, daughter of duchess of Exeter,
201 ; their son, 201 ; Thomas, lord,
created earl of Rutland, 201; Eleanor,
daughter of, married Robert Manners,
201 & n; son George, 201. [Ros,]
William de, witness to a deed, 155

Roscarrock, Nicholas, letter concerning
cross at Lanercost, 234

Rose, the Order of the White, 258

Rossetti, Dante Gabriele, spake ' with
great admiration ' of lady Water-
ford's paintings, 191; Lucy Madox,
on lady Waterford's pictures, 191n

Roter, Adame, at muster from Ancroft,
186

Rothbury 'forest' of, 291 ; Richard,
parson of, 1 55

Round, J. H., on ' English Couuts of the
Empire,' 146

Routledges, the, of Bewcastle, 230

Routledge [Routlage, Rowtledg], Allan,
killed by Scots in a ' forrowe,' 230 ;
Edward, a debtor in Durham prison,
17 ; John, of Crookeburne, bailiff of
Bewcastle, stolen cattle traced to
house of, 233 ; Rowland, of Bew-
castle, and others, complaint against
Scotch, 229 ; Thomas, of Todholes,
taken prisoner by the Scots, 229

Rowden, and others, slain by Scots on
raid into Cumberland, 230

Roxburgh, lord, his house ' the Friars,'
meeting at, 195

Royal arms, on a small cylinder of
ebony, 137 ; built into coach-house
at Cliff e, Yorkshire, 90 ; of 1714, 180;
carving of, presented, 29 ; on New-
gate, Newcastle, 277

' Royal James,' a ship's name, 70

' Royal Oak ' public house, Newcastle,
137

Rufus, Avidius, a centurial stone
naming, 286

' Rules for defence of the Borders,' 229

Rumney, Anthony, bailiff of Ulgham,
death of, 77 ; his tombstone, 77 ; his
family died of plague, 77

Runes on cross at Bewcastle, 220

Runic Stones of Northumbria, Vietor's,
222

Rupert, prince, and o thers, ' had fallen
out,' 85w

Rushbearing in Lancashire, QGn

Russet armour, 243

Ruthal, Thomas, bishop of Durham, 19

Ruthwell inscription, the, 223 ; Albert
Cook's views on, 223

Rutland, earl of, Thomas, lord Roos,
created, 201 ; saying of Sir Thomas
More, on creation of, 20 In ; Etal
castle belonged to, 200 ; letters to,
concerning borders, 84, 229 ; countess
of, letter to, 153

Rutland papers, 153

Rygate, John de, rector of Whitburn,
143

Ryton, free tenants of, complain to
bishop, 60

Sadberge, 129

St. Albans, abbot of, composition
between bishop of Durham and, re-

336

INDEX : ST. ANDREW — SCOTT

specting Tynemouth priory, 60; hand-
gun used by Burgundians, at second
battle of, 250

St. Andrew, church at Corbridge dedi-
cated to, 211 ; Newcastle, walls in,
churchyard of, 160

' Seynt Anne Chare,' North Auckland,
156

St. Anthonys, G. B. Richardson's
drawing of staithes at, 136 ; a Scotch
bawbee of Charles II. found at, 50

St. Briavels, co. Gloucester, dog-spit at,
o5

St. Cuthbert, banner of, sent against
Scots, 19 In ; fair of, at Durham, 66n;
de Calce, waste chapel of, 58

St. Elgy, chantry of, in All Saints
church, Newcastle, 274, 275

St. George, Richard, visitation of, Sn

St. Helens Auckland, see Auckland St.
Helens

St. Hild's church, South Shields, old
font of, 206

St. John Baptist, on Bewcastle cross,
221 ; Stagshawbank fair held on day
of, 211

St. John of Jerusalem, sermon preached
by chaplain of order of, 87

St. John, Oliver, 209

St. Leonard's hospital near Morpeth,
58 ; agreement between master of,
and Newminster, 58 ; grant of waste
chapel of, 58 ; abbot of Newminster
to have chapel, 58 ; confirmed to
Newminster, 58

Saint Pauls of Ewart, the, 146

St. Peter's day, bonfires on, 103

Sainty, Saddleton Frank, elected, 145

Sallyport gate, Newcastle, Roman Wall
crossed a little to north of, 159

Salt pans at Shields, 104

Saltonstall, Mark, of Berwick, will of,
186 ; bequest of his right in Ancroft
mill, 186

Sanders, John, of Cold Kirkby, exhibit-
ed flint and stone implements, 148

Sanderson, Peter, sheriff and alderman
of Newcastle, 177, 178 ; [Sandersone]
Robert, proctor of Norham, tithes
due from, tor Dodow mUl, 202

Sandhoe, Northumberland, grant, &c.,
of lauds at, 178, 179 : « Kells leazes
at, 178

Sanford, HugJti do, witness to a deed,
155

* Sans variaunce terme de vie,' inscrip-
tion on a seal, 176

Sapy, Robert, king's escheator beyond
Trent, inquisition before, 76

Sardinia, kings of: Emanuel IV., 259 ;
Victor Emanuel, 259 ; daughters of,
259

Savage, Rev. H. E., on old font of St.
Hild's, South Shields, 206

Saxon, see pre-conquest

Saxony, a flail from, 284, 285

Sayer, archdeacon of Northumberland,
188

' Scabbes dyle,' 12

Scaife, Matthew, marriage of, 79

Scawton, North Yorkshire, parish of,
British stone and flint implements
found in, 148

Scheles, Walter de, of Witton, and
another, drowned in river ' Wanes-
pik,' 57

Schetelig, M. Haakon, curator of Ber-
gen museum, 47

' Schiavona,' a, 254

Schools, licence to rector of Ford to
attend, 198

' Scotch Corner,' 129

Scotland, warning against king's ene-
mies in, 212 : Sir John de Weston,
king's chamberlain for, 197 ; raids
into, 231 ; landing of Spaniards in,
in 1627, 190 ; England and, Tweed
at Berwick does not divide, 144

' Scotishemen, Lyddesdaills,' 229

Scots, a ' great army ' of, at ' Brankes
hill,' 191n ; banner of St. Cuthbert
sent against, 191 n ; great broach
made by, in Newcastle walls in 1644,
161 ; raids by, into Cumberland, 229,
230 ; outrages by, in East March,
190 ; cattle stolen by, 190, 195, 229,
230 ; cattle of, stolen, 190 ; devast-
ated Chibburn, 87 ; ruined Duddo
tower, 203 ; Ford church burnt in a
raid of, 197 ; destroyed ' little tower '
of parson of Ford, 198 ; murdered
Mr. Rydley and Mr. Nychol Witton,
232 ; Wm. Rydley of Willimontswyk,
232 ; Mr. Rowden, and others, 231 ;
permission to, to reside in England,
172 ; bawbees found, 49, 50 .

' Scots dyke,' the, 1, 66, 69, 129. (See
also Black dyke)

Scottish invasion, aid to. king to frus-
trate, 60 ; army in Weardale, 130 ;
destruction of Beaurepaire, 139 ; ship
wrecked at Sotterburne mouth, North-
umberland, 185; basket- hilted swords,
254 ; ford, the, on Coquet, 31 ; peer-
age, article on the, 268

Scott [Scot], Alan son of Robert, of
Westhertwayton, grant of toft, &c.,
to, 116 ; John, a Scot, curate of Wid-

INDEX : SCR — SHIELDS

337

drington, 81 ; Sir^John, knight,
solicitor general, a marriage settle-
ment trustee, 182 ; arms of, on seal,
183 ; Oliver, witness to a bond, 177 ;
Walter, of Sunderland, death of, 110 ;
Sir Walter, and Widdrington castle,
83 ; William, born at Heworth, 159

Scraynghame, grant of manor of, 155

Scremerston south side moor farm, map
of, 140

Scrope, lord, desired he might appre-
hend some of the Scottish thieves,
229 ; his meeting with Cesford and
demand for redress, 229 ; letters of,
concerning border affairs, 217, 218
bis, 219 bis, 229 bis, 230 ; Dorothy
Cathrick married a, 90n ; Thomas, of
Upsall,bishop Sherwood's proctor, 172

Scurfield, William., 10

Seaham, quern, &c., discovered at, 153 ;
— Wait, curate of, facing 290

Seals, medieval, devices on, 128; device
and motto, 179 ; crest and inscrip-
tion, 176 ; arms of Heron, 181 ; of Sir
Wm. Loraine, 183 ; of Thomas Meggi-
son, 182 ; of Henry Utrick Reay, 183 ;
of Timothy Robson, 180; of Matthew
White, 180; of Sir John Scott, 183 ;
of burgh of Culross, 101 , of Sir John
Eden, 183; of Elizabeth Harrison, sen.
and jun., 183 ; of Philip Musgrave of
Ho wick, 104 ; of Thomas de Rede in
Edinburgh museum, 31 ; of Thomas
de Trewyk, 163 ; of boroughs, 282

Seaton Sluice, documents relating to,
exhibited, 36

Sedan chairs in Newcastle, fares of the
chair- men, 162

Sedgefield, bond lands of , 7 ; ' maile '
lands, 7 ; tenants of, 7 ; the collector
of, 7 ; Robert Swift, rector of, 8n

Sedilia, Mitford church, 100

Seghill, panelling from old tower, 39, 40

Selby, George, of Newcastle, and his
wife, at Twizell, 199 ; John, held
cottages, &c., in Tynemouth, 118;
Margaret, widow of, 118 ; deputy
warden of East March, 189 ; from
Ancroft, at muster, 186 ; captain
John, 195 ; Lance, 7 ; Ralph, 199 ;
'Thomas, and Elizabeth his wife, of
Barmoor, recusants, 190 ; Wm.,
gentleman porter of Berwick, and
others, letter of, 190

Selby' s forest, Kirknewton, 291

Self, Robert, a debtor in Durham
prison, 17

Selwyn, George, letter of, describing
Naworth castle, 235

Sergeant," land, of Gilsland, duties of,
218

Seton-Karr, Sir H. W., presents palaeo-
lithic stone implements, 26

Seusenhofer, Conrad, an armoursmith,
241

Sever, Wm., bishop ofj.Durham, dis-
covery of inscribed slab of, at York,
133

Severus, Septimius, coin of, found at
Pierceb ridge, 124; a denarius of , from
Tyne, 136

Seymour, Luke, action against, concern-
ing tithes of St. Helen Auckland, 265 ;
Wm., a Newcastle chair-man, 162

Shaftoe [Shaftow], Catherine, married,
79 ; Ephraim, of Berwick, 70 ;
belnging to ' Royal James,' 70; will
of, 70 ; Henry, of Berwick-on-Tweed,
will of, 70 ; Thomas, executor bo
wills of Ephraim and Henry, 70

Shap granite, quern of, found at Stan-
wick, 108

Sharp, archdeacon Thomas, visitation
of, 79

Sheepwash, &c., timber lying at, 86

Sheffeild, Mr., of Lincolnshire, 199

Shepherd, Anthony,of Newcastle, baker
and brewer, grant to, of premises in
Newcastle, 181

Sherburn, co. Durham, permission to
Wm. Robynson, a Scot, to reside at,
172

Sherburnes of Stonyhurst, monuments
of, 86

Sheriff's officer's staff found in old house
at North Shields, 137

Sherwood, master John, granted cus-
tody of temporalities of Durham
bishopric, 172 ; John, bishop of
Durham, pardon to, 172 ; restitution
of temporalities to, 172 ; Thomas
Scrope, of Upsall, his proctor, 172

Shields, North, mill of prior of Tyne-
mouth at, &c., set on fire, 58 ; Holy
Trinity church erected, 42 ; oak
carvings at Waterville, 38 ; salt
pans at, 104 ; a small ebony cylinder
with royal arms found in, 138

Shields, South, Roman camp at, 'forum'
and east rampart of, 94 ; Roman in-
taglio from the, 128 ; figures of mother
goddesses from, 106 ; History of, 62,
1 12 ; St. Hild's, old font of, 206 ; St.
Stephen's churchyard, Roman anti-
quities from, 270 ; potters' names,
&c., from, 118 ; coins found in, 49,
258 ; beach at, a Roman family coin
found on, 273. (See also Soheles)

338

INDEX : SHI — STA

Shildon prebend, value of, 170

Shincliffe moors, 12

* Ship ' tavern, Drury lane, Newcastle,

137
Ships: 'John,' 36; H.M.S. 'Pelican,'

255 ; ' Royal James,' 70 ; H.M.S.

' Shearnes,' 1 ; Thomas Martin de

Jernemuth,' 196
Shipman's, otherwise Chrome's chare,

&c., Newcastle, 181
Shorngate cross, boundary between

Durham and Northumberland, 66
Shorterigg, Alice, 9
Shotton, Wm., of Doddington, alias of

Heton, general pardon to, 212
Shovel, wooden, from old mine, 63
Shrewsbury, earl of, first person killed,

by shot from a handgun, in 1453, 250
.Sibbit family, burial place of, in Ahcroft

church, 186
Sibsen, George, a Scotsman and march

thief, 218

Side, the, Stanhope, 11
Side Dole, Langley, 12
Side urse pasture, Stanhope, 11
Sidney, Sir Philip, and Chevy Chase, 161
Sigrid, sister of Robert of Bewcastle,

225

Simcoe, Mr., vicar of Woodhorn, 82
Simonburn, licence to grant advowson

of, to the duke of Gloucester and his

wife, 212
Simpson, Jo., 9 ; Thomas, a debtor in

Durham prison, 17
Sitwell family, 188 ; colonel William,

owned Barmoor castle, 189, 190
Skelly, Frederick George, elected, 105 ;

George, death of, 101, 110
Skimmer, see Skynner
Skirlaw, Walter, bishop of Durham,

lease of Stanhope mines, 19 ; his

licence for rebuilding Lumley castle,

278

Skowles, vxor, 8, 9

Skynner, Alexander, chaplain, pre-
sented to chantry of Fernakers, 172
Skirted armour, 241
Slaley, liberties, &c., in, 183; advowson

of church of, 183
Slingsby, Sir Henry, of Scriven, M.P.

for Knaresborough, 120 ; fought at

Marston Moor, &c., 120 ; executed,

120

Smart, Peter, the ' turbulent prebend-
ary' of Durham, 271
Smith [Smithe, Smythe], Mr., impro-

priator of Ancroft, 188 ; curate of

Escomb, 267 ; Anthony, 8 ; Edmund,
• 7 ; Elizabeth, of Durham and Little

Eden, will of, 70 ; Jane, party to a
fine, 276 ; Roger, of St. Mary in the
South Bailey, Durham, will of, 70 ;
Wm., of Ancroft, 186

Smithson, John, of Moulton, Yorkshire,
apprentice to Newcastle Merchant
Adventurers Co., 54

Snawdon, Nicholas, of Plenmeller, 232

Snayton, John de, the younger, fruits
and profits of Whitburn granted to,
143n

Sobieski, Clementina, James, son of
James II., married, 258 ; sons of, 258

Somer, vxor, 8

Somerset, &c., Charles, duke of, 118 ;
and his wife Elizabeth, 118

Somerville, Robert de, married Isabella
de Merlay, 76

Soncleys closes, Bishop Auckland, 9

SORILLI M, potter's name from Walls-
end, 46

Sotterborne mouth, Scottish ship wreck-
ed at, crew drowned, 185 ; goods
seized by villagers, 185

Soulby, Matthew, rector of Bewcastle,
and wife, tablet to memory of, 228

Soulsby, Christopher, of Chollerton, and
lands at Sandhoe, 179 ; Ralph, of
Cocklaw, grant to, of. lands at Sand-
hoe, 178

Southwell, Rev. Canon, elected, 35

Sowrebie, Jeffraie, cattle stolen from, by
Scots, 229

Spain, nation, &c., of, 212

Spaniards, landing of, in Scotland, 190

Spanish coins presented, 270

Spearman, Ann, facing 290

Spearman's ' notes,' 190

Spears, 249

Speed, Samuel, rector of Whitburn, &c.,
144

Spendloue, John, letters of freedom
granted to, 76 ; Robert, of Ford,
slain there, 194 ; Laeticia, his wife,
194

' Spetum,' a, 249

Splitters, straw, exhibited, 274

' Spontoon,' an officer's, 250

Springhill, Morpeth, members enter-
tained at, 59

Spring house, the, 12

Spur rowels, 252

Staff or badge, sheriff officer's, found in
old house at North Shields, 138

Stagshawbank fair, F. W. Dendy on,
211 ; belongs to duke of Northum-
berland, 211 ; held on St. John
Baptist's day, 211

Stainmore common, ring found on, 128

INDEX : STA — SUB

339

Stanhope, copyholders, &c., of, 18; field
names at, 11; leases in, 12 ; mines,
suit concerning, 22 ; documents re-
lating to, 17 ; of lead, 17, 20 ; demise
of stone and slate quarries in, 22 ;
case between bishop of Durham and
rector of, concerning mines, 18 ; Dr.
Basire, rector of, 20, 21, 22 ; moor-
master of, 17 : park, 12 ; keeper of,
13; hope, 17

Stanhope of Harrington, Charles, second
baron, married Dorothy Livingstone,
149

Stannington. half of vill of, descended
to William de Graystock, 76

Stanle, John, of Ford, 194

Stansted, Essex, plan of camp at, 136

Staden Row, Derbyshire, plan of, 1 74

Sfcanton, manor of, &c., final concord
relating to, 208

Stan wick, Yorkshire, plan of entrench-
ments at, 89 ; Ancient British camp
at, 66, 69, 123, 129 ; bronze celts
from, 64, 118; Celtic objects found
at, in British museum, 129 ; ancient
quern found at, 108 ; E. Wooler on, 8 ;
church, an old brass turned out of, 90

Stanwix, brigadier general, letter of,
concerning rebellion of 1715, 86

Stapylton, Peter de, rector of Whit-
burn, 143

' Statesmen,' tombstones of Cumber-
land, 214

Statute, notice of amendment of, 102 ;
alteration in, 114

Staveley, Marmaduke, and another,
mustered Bewcastle men, 229

Steavenson, judge, on remains on Castle
Carrock Fell, &c., 214 ; A. L., on an-
cient remains at Hollywell hall, near
Durham, 292

Stebbing, Essex, plan of camp at, 136

Stell, Henry, from Ancroft, at muster,
186 ; John, at muster from Ancroft,
186

Stelling, Robert, 7

Stephan, parson of Mitford, 56

Stephens, Rev. Thomas, exhibited Book
of Arms and Roman coins, 72 ; old ad-
mittance to Tynemouth manor, 118 ;
William, his ' Alphabet of Arms,' 104

Steward's close, Auckland, 10

Stewart, arms of, 208 ; Daniel, a New-
castle chair-man, 162 (See also Stuart)

Stiletti, 256

Stobswood, Morpeth, monks of New-
minster ejected from, 76; women'
robbed in, 57

Stock, William, 9

Stockbridge, Newcastle, 160

Stockbury camp, Kent, 106

Stocksfield hall, manor of, 183

Stockton, 12 ; demesne, 9 ; the park, 9 ;
thorne, 9 ; baily of, 10 ; tenants of,
10 ; field names of, 9, 10 ; bishop of
Durham at, 197 ; castle of, 10 ; ward,
bishop of Durham's revenue from, 13

Stoddate, Philip, of Newcastle, mason,
182

Stodfald, grant of a toft in, 116

Stone axe-hammer from B arras bridge,
presented, 146; Rev. W. Greenwell
on, 147 ; and flint objects, from North
Yorkshire exhibited, 148 ; imple-
ments from India presented, 26 ;
coffins, Roman, found in Newcastle,
95, 112 ; mortar found in Newcastle,
273 ; and slate quarries in Stanhope,
demise of, 22

Stone, Sir Benjamin, M.P., and Whal-
ton bonfire, 59

Stone Chesters, co. Durham, 292

Story, Joseph, of Newcastle, 179, 180;
Patrick, and another, surpassed ' all
the thieves in Beweastle,' 233

Stow by Deping, co. Lincoln, grant of
manor of, 155

Stowell, lord, born at Heworth, 159

Straight, Edward, witness to a deed,
178 ; Elizabeth, witness to a deed, 178

Strange ways [Strangwishe], George, '
from Barmoor, attended an armed
muster, 190 ; Wm., clerk, dean of
Auckland, 170

Strathmore and Kinghorn, carl of, see
Bowes

Straw plaiting, 257, 274 ; splitters, pre-
sented, 257 ; exhibited, 274 ; Maberly
Phillips on, 274

Stroder, Sir Robert, bursar of Durham
priory, and others, banner of St.
Cuthbert in charge of, 19 In

Stromness, Orkney, a flail from, 284,
285

Strothers [Strothre, Strothir], Ralph, of
Newton on the Moor, sword formerly
in possession of, 30 ; Wm. del, mayor
of Newcastle, indenture of, 116;
mayor of Newcastle, acquittance by,
116 (See also Stroder)

Stuart, Charles, third duke of Rich-
mond, 149 ; lord George, married lady
Katharine Howard, 149 (See also
Stewart)

Styca of Eanred found at Bamburgh,
204

Subsidies from aliens, commission to
assess, 212

340

INDEX : SUD — THO

Suddick, Francis, notary public, wit-
ness to a deed, 180

Suffolk, second earl of, 149 ; James,
third earl of, 149

Sunderland, ferry across Wear at, 5

Sunderland farm, Ralph Anderson's
lease of, 14 ; a sermon preached in,
105 ; extracts from church books of,
105

Surrays of Duddo, 202, 203 ; John de,
attorney for abbot of Newminster in
an action, 59

Survey of Northumberland, Mark's, 77 ;
of Osmotherley, 12

Sutton manor, grant of lands in, 155

Swainston, John, 9

Swallow, John, sold Ulgham, 77

Sweet, Robert, creditor of John Black-
iston, 134

' Sweyne feather,' a, 250, 251

Swifte, Mr., 7; Ann, petitioned for char-
ter for Auckland grammar school,
Sn ; Rev. Robert, prebend of Dur-
ham, rector of Sedgefield, Sn ; Ann,
wife of, 8n ; visitation of, 188

Swinburne [Swynburn, Swineborne],
John, 280 ; (and others,) commission
to, to assess subsidies from aliens,
212 ; Sir John, owner of Bewcastle
castle, 225 ; Richard, 6 ; Sir Thomas,
sheriff of Northumberland, 195 ; his
successor, 195

Swindon, Mary Bowman, of West Auck-
land, married Henry Angelo the
fencer, 104

Swords, 249, 252 et seq. ; &c., exhibited,
30

Symons, Zelinger, rector of Whitburn,
144

Talbot, Sir Thomas/ horsemen at An-

croft under, 186
Tallentiro, Jo., 9
Tallyho gate, near Brancepeth, Ancient

British burial at, 139
Talworth, co. Surrey, grant of manor of

155

Tankard, silver, exhibited, 90, 108
Tankarde, Richard, and wife Jane,

parties to a suit, 276
Tankerville, the earl of, on the opening

of a cist on Kilham hill, 91
' Tatcheyre, Thomas, of Conhath,' par-
don to, 212
Taxation, the old, 199
Taylor, [Tayler, Taylier], arms of,

quartering Weather ley, 106 ; Ann,

f acing-290 ; Rev. E. J., on discoveries
in cloister court of Durham cathedral
church, 47 ; presented ' gild ticket '
of Culross, 101 ; an old deed, 1 ; a
scarce sermon by Dr. Mangey, 105 ;
George, father of Sir Henry, 265
and n ; Surtees's biographer, 265 ;
action against, concerning tithes, 265;
inscription to, on leads of Askerton
castle, 216 ; marriage of Henry, 79 ;
John, a debtor in Durham prison, 17 ;
of the Rydings, a queen's tenant, 217;
Margaret, of Newcastle, 27 6n ; Sir
Peter, charge against, for defamation,
262 ; Rev. Richard, curate of St.
Helens Auckland, 264 ; his answers
to bishop's queries, 264 ; Thomas,
F.S.A.,32; owns Widdrington, 83; ex-
hibited silver tankard, 108 ; William,
action against concerning tithes of
St. Helens Auckland, 265 ; from
Ancroft, at muster, 186 ; of North
Shields, 38

Tees, Roman bridge across, 123 ;
remains washed away in a flood, 123

Tempest, Roland, of Holmeside, 91

' Testa de Nevill,' the, 70

Tetricus, coins of, found in Newcastle,
26 ; and at Piercebridge, 108

' Tevedale and the Mars,' 189

Thame, Philip de, prior of Hospital, 87

Theutonicorum, Gilda, 212

Thierry, Dionysius, of Paris, missal
printed by, 258 ; colophon of, 258

Thirlwall castle, in lord Eure's war-
denry, Carleton keeps, 218

Thirlwell, H. P., gave Roman altar
found at Benwell, 143

' Thomas Martin de Jernemuth,' the
ship, at Berwick, 196

Thompson [Tomson, Thomason], Ed-
ward, incumbent of chantry in Wid-
drington church, 81 ; George, 28 ; of
Barmoor, at a muster, 190 ; John, of
Newcastle, fitter, 1 80 ; churchwarden
of Escomb, office of judge against,
267 ; from Ancroft at muster, 186 ;
Maurice, 28 ; Richard, 9 ; Robert,
master of Auckland grammar school,
curate of Escomb, 267 ; Timothy,
notary public, 180

Thornehope, Northumberland, deed
relating to land at, 104

' Thornes,' the, Stockton, 9

Thornham castle, Kent, 106

Thornhill cross shaft of eighth century,
223

Thornton, Adam de, mortuary claimed
on death of, 60 ; Laurence, of Stayn-

INDEX : THOBP — TYNE

341

ton Shields, 177 ; Roger, brass of, 2 ;

a house in Cloth Market, Newcastle,

276 ; inquis. p. m., 276
Thorp, John, lay chanter of Hamster-
ley, 170 ; Rev. W. T., of Charlton

hall, exhibited a peg tankard, 10
Throxton, Jane, husbands of, 149
Thwaites, Marmaduke, 100 footmen at

Barmoor and Bowsden under, 186
Till, the river, at Etal, 200 ; man

drowned in, 200n ; bridge formerly

across, at Etal, 201
Tilmouth, bequest to poor of, 203
Tineius Longus, named on an altar from

Benwell, 143
Tithe barns : Allendale, 64 ; Bishop-

wearmouth, 96 ; Haltwhistle, 64 ;

Great Swinburne, 64 ; West Thirs-

ton, 64 ; Warkworth, 63 ; ' Jane

Shore ' performed in, 63
Tithes of St. Helen Auckland, action

respecting, 265
Todd [Todde], Rev. James, sub-curate

and curate of St. Helen Auckland,

265 ; petitions of, to bishop, 265 ;

applied for curacy, 265 ; Robert, 7
' Tofts,' the, Piercebridge, 123
Toggesden, Robert de, witness to a

grant, 116
Tombstone, Roman, at Cliffe, Yorkshire,

Tonbridge camp, Kent, plan of, 106
Tonge castle, Kent, 106
Tonge's visitation, 276
Tonge, Sir George, knight, verses

against, 263
Tonstall, Thomas, 1
Townsend, captain, footmen at Duddo,

&c., under, 203 ; Roger, 280
Tract, a rare, relating to bishop Cosin,

of Durham, 271 ; facsimile of title

page of, 271, 272
Trajan, coins of, discovered near

Brampton (aureus), 54 ; at Pierce-
bridge, 124 ; aureus, 125 ; in Tyne,

52, 94 ; Wallsend, 72
Treasurer's report and balance sheet for

1902, 24; for 1903, 113
Trechmann, C. F., exhibited flint

objects from Northumberland and

Durham, 272

Tree trunk water pipes, 71
Tree and Pillar Worship, 35
Tre'r Ceiri, excavation of hut-circles at,

117
Trewick, mill of, 163 and n ; deeds

dated at, 163 ; relating to Belsay, 163
Trewyk, Thomas de, grant by, 163 ;

seal of, 163

Trials, a collection of, presented, 281

Trinity chantries, Widdrington church,
81

Triplet, Thomas, rector of Whitburn,
143 ; ejected, 143 ; prebendary of
Westminster, 143

Tritlington, 77

' Trodd, tryall of the,' 231

Trollop, Robert, made old font of St.
Hild's, South Shields, 206 ; his re-
puted epitaph, 206

Trotter, Barbara, of Newcastle, 181 ;
Lance, 14 ; Ralph, of Langley, 12 ;
Richard, 9 ; Thomas, churchwarden
of Escomb, 267 ; Rev. Thomas,
ordained deacon and appointed to
curacy of Escomb, 267 ; William, 9

Trow Rocks, Roman coins found on
beach at the, 94, 102

Truce beween the king and the duke of
Brittany, proclamation of, 279

Trusley church, Derbyshire, a maiden
garland in, 174

Truttman, Philip, elected, 145 ; pre-
sented Argentine dagger, &c., 270

' Tryall of the trodd,' 231

Tulwar, a Pathan, exhibited, 30

Tunstall, see Tonstall

Turner, Mr., and Newcastle castle, 109 ;
Edmund, and others, scaled walls of
Greystock castle, &c., 216 ; G. Grey,
elected, 135

' Turner's eyle,' and ' 6 day work,' 11 •

Tweddell, Robert, 9

Tweed at Berwick does not divide
England from Scotland, 144

Tweedmouth, Mr. Methuen, curate, 188

Tyne, Roman altars to the Ocean and
Neptune, from the, 50, 51, 112; R.
Mowat on, 92 ; Roman tablet from
the, 72 ; F. Haverfield on, 92 ; cheek-
piece of Roman helmet from, 133 ;
Roman coins from the, 52, 64, 72, 94,
102, of Clodius Albinus, 118 ; almost
all bridges across, destroyed by a
flood, 123 ; Tyne bridge, arms of
Newcastle and lord Crewe, bishop of
Durham, on, 147 ; collection of news-
paper cuttings, &c., relating to, pre-
sented, 145 ; fishery in, &c., 183 ;
South, overthrow of, by raid of Scots,
232

Tyne Commissioners present Oceanus
altar to museum, 52n

Tynedale, lordships and manors of,
grant to the earl of Northumberland
out of issues of, 184; ' forest,' 291

Tynemouth, afternoon meeting at, 174,
237 ; early monumental remains at,

[Newc. Proc.t 3 Ser. I.]

342

INDEX I TYN — YEN

74 ; manor, an admittance to pro-
perty in, 118 ; steward and deputy
of, 118; castle, Villiers family and,
70 ; priory, composition between
bishop of Durham and abbot of St.
Albans, respecting, 60 ; mill of prior
set on fire, monks maltreated and
ships seized, 58 ; a cell at Wid-
drington subordinate to, 82 ; public
library elected, 25

Tynemouth, John de, a monk of New-
minster, ordained, 60 ; Wm. de, a
monk of Newminster, ordained, 60

Tyneside, game played wih hard-boiled
eggs on, 211

Tyniton, Evota, daughter of William
de, and another, robbed in ' Stubbes-
wude', 57 ; Femota, daughter of
Nicholas de, and another, robbed in

C same, 57

Tyrrell, Sir Thomas, Ulgham Grange
granted to, 80

' Wlacum,' see Ulgham

Ulcotes, Philip de, obtained Mitford
barony on its forfeiture, 57n

Olgham, country meeting at, 75 ; Mar-
gery, lady of, 76 ; common of pasture
in, given to Newminster, 75 ; con-
firmed, 75 ; names of places in, 75 ;
Roger III., lord of, 75 ; final con-
cord concerning boundaries between,
and Widdrington, 75 ; monks of
Newminster ejected from Stobswood
and, 76 ; bailiffs of, 77, 78n ; Erard's
well, 77 ; shaft of village cross, 77 ;
Mark's description of, 77 ; belonged to
earl of Carlisle, 77 ; lands in, belonging
to Chibburn preceptory, 77 ; sold to
Sir James Joicey, 77 ; communal
holding of land in. 77 ; modern
church of St. John, 77 ; curates, 78 &
n, 79 ; Thomas Murray, 78 ; visita-
tion, 79 ; bishop Chandler's, notes
of, 77 ; Rev. A. B. Gregory, vicar,
75, 78 ; carved Norman window head
in church, 78 ; communion plate, 78 ;
registers, 78 ; extracts from, 78, 79 ;
registration of baptisms of noncon-
formists, 79 ; marriages, &c., at. 79;
churchwardens, 78; parish clerks, 79;
barony of, claimed, 76 ; action con-
cerning, 76 ; rents of, 76 ; fair near
cross, 77 ; feast, 77 ; Grange, 75 ;
granted to Newminster, 80 ; granted
by Henry VIII. to Sir Thomas Tyrrell,
80 ; assigned to Sir Thomas Grey,

80 ; owners and occupiers of, 80 ;

or ' bounder oak,' 76
Umfreville, family, tombs of the, 91 ;

earl of Angus, 91
Underwood, John, grant of a tenement

in Newcastle by, 274
Unsthwayte, Cuthbert Marshall, pre-
bendary of, &c., 143
Unthanke, John, of Unthanke, 177
Uphall, Essex, plan of, 174
Urban, pope, confirmed Ancroft to

Durham, 187
Urbicus, Quintus Lollius, Roman legate

in Britain and Judea, 289
Utrecht, the ' Classis ' of, 27

Vaich, Alexander, grant to, of tenement
in Newcastle, 177

Valence, William de, and others, alien-
ated manors of Eland, &c., 57 ; Sir
William de, lord of Pembroke, grants
to, 155

Valerian, coin of, found at Pierce-
bridge, 108, 125

Valor of ecclesiastical benefices in the
county of Durham, 170

Van Anne, Arnold, and others, grant of
gold mines, &c., in Northumberland,
&c., to, 184

Vangiones (or Varduli), altar commem-
orating first cohort of, 142 ; at Rising-
ham, 142

Van Mildert, bishop of Durham, in-
creased income of St. Helens Auck-
land, 266

Van Orel, Henry, and others, grant of
gold mines, &c., in Northumberland,
&c., to, 184

Van Riswyk, Dederic, goldsmith, and
others, grant of gold mines, &c., in
Northumberland, &c., to, 184

Varduli (Vangiones or), altar commem-
orating first cohort of, 142 ; at
Bremenium, 124

Vases, Roman, discovered at Newcastle
95 ; at Piercebridge, 100, 102

Vasey, Michael, 9

Vaux, John, curate of St. Helens
Auckland, 263 ; suspended for tell-
ing fortunes, 263, 264 and n ; gave
evidence in a suit, 264

Venus, fragment of clay statuettes of,
46, 348

Venvs, Robert, ordained sub-deacon,
56 ; vicar of Mitford, 56 ; suit
against, for absence from cure, 56 ;
deprived of his living, 56

INDEX I VEIi — WAR

343

Verney, Sir R., letters to, 85n

Vernon, lord, owned Widdrington
castle, 83 ; memorials in church, 83

Verus, Julius, a Roman legate, 73, 112 ;
V . . . . , Julius, inscription discovered
at Brough, Derbyshire, 145 (See also
Julius)

Vesey, lady, induced king to give Bam-
burgh castle to Sir Henry de Beau-
mont, 169

Vespasian, Roman coin of, from Tyne,
102

' Vesses,' 279

Vexillations of Roman legions on Tyne,
73

Vicars, Gerard, churchwarden of St.
Helens Auckland, 263

Victorinus, coin of, from Tyne at New-
castle, 94

Vienna stamp on jousting lance, 247

Vietor, ' Runic Stones of Northumber-
land,' 222 ; his opinion of age of
Bewcastle cross, 222

Viking age, in Norse and Danes own
style, 224 ; crosses of, 223

Village crosses, 77

Villiers family and Tynemouth castle,
70

Vincent, Thomas, creditor of John
Blackiston, 134

Vinci, Leonardo da, 242

Vinoviuin, 123

Vipond, Parcivall, of Newcastle, scriv-
ener, 180

Visitations, 79, 81, 180, 198, 263, 264,
266 et seq. ; excommunication for non
attendance at, 1 98n ; notes of bishop
Chandler's, 77, 81, 199, 264 ; heralds'
8n, 189w ; Tonge's, 276

V S L M, letters on stone at Bishopwear-
mouth, 99

Wafer bread, fireplaces supposed for
purpose of baking, 133

Wainman, Barbara, action against, for
absence from church, 264

Wainerigge, the bell of the, 216

Waithman, John, 178

Wait, — , cur&te of Seaham, facing 290

Wake, a Yorkshire, 66n

Wake, John, the elder, and others,
pardon to, 171 ; Thomas, and Eliza-
beth, his wife, 172

Walby, George, of Mitford, prosecuted
for jesting in church, 56

Wales, mandate to escheator of the
marches of, 171

Walker, Mr., rector of Bewcastle, 226 ;
Anthony, 178 ; Katherine, 8 ; John,
letters of, 209 ; Rev. John, hon.
canon of Newcastle, on Whalton bon-
fire, 163 ; described Widdrington
church, 80 ; John Duguid, presented
stone axe-hammer found at Barras
bridge, 146 ; Robert, 7

Waller, William, Joseph Gatty and,
lessees of property at Blyth, 260

Wallbury, Essex, plan of camp at, 136

Wall Hill camp, Ledbury, Hereford-
shire, 106

Wallington, see Walyngton

Wallis, John, rector of Whitburn, &c.,
144 ; Ralph, of Knaresdale hall,
party to a deed, 104; William, of
Akeld, 177

Walknoll hospital, Newcastle, master
and brethren of the, 274 ; burgages
of, in Flesher Raw, Newcastle, at dis-
solution, 27 6n ; tower, Newcastle,
159

Wallsend, Roman discoveries at, 42 ;
visit of members to site of camp at,
48 ' pottery, &c., 45 ; coins, 72

Walsingham, letters to, concerning
border affairs, 229, 230

Walter, man of parson of Mitford, out-
lawed, 58

Walters, Robert, 68

Walton Heath camp, Surrey, plan of, 62

Walton, Nicholas, 68

Walyngton, John de, witness to a deed,
163

Wansbeck, river, two men of Witton
drowned in, 57

Ward, William, of Newcastle, merchant,
180

Warden close, Newcastle, 161

Wardships : of heir of Sir Wm. Heron,
194 ; taken from bishop of Durham,
13n ; and marriage of son of Thomas
Collingwood, application for, 169

Warenne, William, earl of, witness to
a grant, 155

Warin, son of Gerold, witness to a deed,
155

Wark, Thomas Carr, captain of, 201

Warkworth : tithe barn, 63 ; granted to
vicar, 64 ; sold by him, 64 ; J. C.
Hodgson on, 63 ; Branxton church
appropriated to cell at, 63 ; R. W.
Dixon, vicar, 64 ; castle, carving of
Crucifixion said to be from, 41 ; re-
moved from, by John Clarke, 41 ;
church, fireplace in, 282

Warmedon, 169

' Warndham,' lands at, 166

344

INDEX : WAR — WHI

Warrens owned Widdrington castle, 83

Warren, Sir George, patron of Wid-
drington, 82; William, 178

Wars of Roses, 276 ; handguns used in,
250

Wartir, Richard, master of Walknoll
hospital, 274

Warwick, St. Mary's church, Beau-
champ effigy in, 239

Warwick, earls of : Guy, 130 ; John,
cell at Widdrington granted to, 82 ;
Thomas, inquisition on forfeiture of,
130

Warwickshire, plans of British camps
in, 282

Washington, co. Durham, ring found
near, on which Widdrington motto, 83

Wastell, Jo, 8

Watchman's rattle, a, presented, 286

Waterford family, Ford now belongs to
the, 192 ; marquis of, and the great
Ford tithe case, 199 ; Louisa, marchi-
oness of, paintings in Ford school by,
191 ; pictures spoken of with great
admiration by Rossetti, 191

Waterloo, flint locks in use long after,
251

Water, mills in Newcastle known as
Bures Mylne, 277 ; in suburbs of
Newcastle, complaint regarding, 277;
pipes, tree-trunk, 71

Waterville, North Shields, old carvings
from, 38

Watkins, D., 28 ; [Watkine] John, 6, 7

Watson, Dendy, and Bnrton, presented
two sculptured armorial panels, 147 ;
Elizabeth, da lighter of John, of Far-
nifield, Notts, facing 290 ; Henry,
churchwarden of Ulgham, 78 ; Na-
thaniel, witness to a deed, 183 ;
curate of Ford, 198 ; Robert, of New-
castle, baker, 274 ; Wm., of North
Shields, 38

Weaddowes, Ralph, 7

Wear, river, plan of the, 154 ; bridge
across, destroyed by great flood of
1771, 123 ; ferry across, at Sunder-
land, 5

Weardale, incursion of Scots into, 1 39 ;
forest of, 19 ; forester of, useless, as
deer all destroyed, 13 and n ; mine,
old wooden shovel from, 63 ; moors
and wastes of, 18

Wedding coffers, 39

Weetwood, 199

Weights, Roman, 62

Welburn, Nicholas de, rector of Whit-
burn, 143 ; presented by king,
Durham see being vacant, 143n

Wei bury, John, of St. Helens Auckland,
263

Welford, Richard, transcript and trans-
lation, with notes, * of a grant of a
tenement in Newcastle, 274; on so-
called epitaph of R. Trollop, 206

Wellesley, rector of Bishopwearmouth,
97

Wells in castles : discovered at Chip-
chase, 32 ; in Edlingham and Belsay,
34 ; in Newcastle and Rochester, 34

Wesley, John, his journal, 159

West Auckland, &c., bounds of vill of,
262 ; villeins of, 66n ; the ' pynder '
of, 9 ; prebend of, 266 ; value of,
170. (See also Auckland)

West Denton, a Roman centurial stone
from, 286

Westgate Street, Newcastle, G. B.
Richardson's drawings of old houses
in, 136

Westminster, Thomas Triplet, prebend-
ary of, 143

Westmorland, &c., grant of gold and
other mines in, to Cologne merchants,
184 ; pardon to king's subjects of, 212

Westmorland, John, earl of, Eleanor
Ros domicella of, 201n ; Ralph, his
eldest son, and wife, 155

Westoe manor, bishop of Durham,
lord of, 210

Weston, Sir John de, king's chamber-
lain for Scotland.. 197

West rowe close, Stockton, 10

West Thirston, tithe barn at, 64

Wetheral churchyard, monument to Sir
Thomas Howard of Tursdale in, 130 ;
priory, land in Bewcastle given to,
225

Wever, John, of Newcastle, gentleman,
180

Whalton, barony of, Widdrington castle
held of, 82 ; bonfire, 59, 103 ; Sir
Benjamin Stone and, 59

Wharfage, &c., at Blyth, 260

Wharton, suits between lord Crewe and,
respecting Stanhope mines, 22 ; be-
tween Hall and, relating to same,
17 ; Humphrey, moor-master's office
granted to, 20 ; Philip lord, sums
owing to, by John Blackistori, 134

Wheatley, Adam, 7

Wheel-lock musket, 251 ; invention of,
251 ; pistols, 252

Wheler, Sir George, a prebendary of
Durham, 14

Whickham, perpetual chantry of Fern-
akers in parish of, 172. (See also
Quickham)

INDEX : WHI — WID

345

Whight, John and Thomas, attended a
muster from Barmoor, 190. (See
also Wyght)

Whinny close, Bishop Auckland, 9

Whitburn, rectors of, 143 ; curates of,
143n

Whitchurch, Oxon, Hugh Moises,
rector of, facing 290

White, — , 9 ; George, a priest, said
mass in St. Helens Auckland church,
262 ; Henry, one of commissioners
of Edward VI., 130 ; Matthew, of
Newcastle, party to a deed, 179, 180 ;
William, sheriff, 164

White cross, the, Newcastle, 182 ; farm
near Piercebridge, 131

White Friar tower, Newcastle walls, 161

Whitehead, George, widow of, married
Mr. Greeve, 14 ; [Whytehede], Quin-
toii, servant to captain of Bewcastle,
232

Whitehouse, the, Bishop Auckland, 9

White Rose, the Order of the, 258

Whitfield, a flail from, presented, 270

Whitfeild [Whytfeild], Francis, 232;
John, ' her majesties officer ' ' sore
hurt' by Scots, 232; Matthew, of
Horsley Head, 11. (See also Wite-
field)

Whithawghe, the laird of, 216 ;' thieves
and arch murderers of,' 232

Whitlawe, see Whytlawe

Whitmore, Win., of Auckland St. Helen,
262

Whitwell, Rutlandshire, rents of Pierce-
bridge chantry given to living of, 130

Whyii Close, Newcastle, John Penrith
obtained grant of, 277

Whytherington, Gerard, knight, 143 ;
grant to earl of Northumberland
from issues of lands of, 183 ; in king's
hands owing to minority of Sir
Ralph, 183

Whvtlawe, William, witness to a grant,
163

Wibbersley, vicar of Widdrington, 82

Widdrington (and Chibburn), a country
meeting at, 38, 75 ; boundaries be-
tween ' Hulgam/ and, final concord,
75 ; castle, 82 ; entirely destroyed,
82 ; held of Whalton barony, 82 '.
Leland's account, 82 ; plundered by
French, 82 ; letter dated from, 82 ;
Revd. John Horsley on, 83 ; men-
tioned by Sir Walter Scott, 83 ;
owned by Warrens and lord Vernon,
now by T. Taylor, 83 ; St. Mary's
church, description of, 80 ; cell at,
subordinate to Tynemouth, 82 ;

granted to John, earl of Warwick, 82;
belonged to duke of Northumber-
land, 82 ; Trinity chantries, 81 ;
incumbents of , 81 ; yearly value, 81 ;
St. Edmund's altar, 81 ; tomb re-
cesses, 81 ; arms of Widdrington, 81;
piscinas, 81 ; communion plate, 81 ;
medieval gravecovers, 81 ; vicars,

82 ; curates, 80, 81 ; parish clerk,
81 ; Sir Henry Widdrington to be
buried in, 84 ; patron, 82 ; tower
head, charge of beacon on, 84

Widdrington [Whytherington, Wood-
rington, Woderyngton], arms of, 51,
83, 87 ; motto of, 83 ; ring with, 83 ;
lord, offer of assistance to Newcastle,
86 ; (and others) ' had fallen out,'
85n ; third and last lord in 1715
rising, 86 ; and others, surrender of,
86 ; death of, abroad, 86 ; dame
Agnes, lady, wife of Sir John, will of,

84 : Robert, son, 84 ; Charles and
others, surrender of, 86 ; Elizabeth,
widow of married Sir Robert Carey,,

85 ; Elizabeth, lady, 84 ; lady Eliz.,
widow of Sir Henry, 84 ; Gerard de,

83 ; sheriff of Northumberland, 83 ;
Sir Gerard de, 81 ; Hector, constable
of horsemen of Berwick, illegitimate
son of Sir John, will of, 84 ; Henry,
an ordnance to clear, of delinquency,

85 ; Sir Henry, 84 ; account of fray
into Bewcastle, 232 ; marshal, &c.,
of Berwick, sheriff of Northumber-
land, will of, 84 ; Sir Hugh, sheriff
and M.P. for Northumberland, 85 ;
John de, witness to a grant, 83 ; Sir
John, son of Sir Roger, sheriff of
Northumberland, 83; inquis., 83 ; Sir
John, knight, 81 ; grant to, of manor
of Chibburn in 1553, 86n ; marshal of
Berwick, 84 ; late of Woodrington,

84 ; warden of marches, son of,
by Alice, his maidservant, 84 ; will
of, 84 ; Mary, daughter of Sir Henry,
married Sir Francis Howard, 85 ;
lady Mary, widow of first lord,
petition of, objecting to sale of lands,
65 ; Hon. Peregrin in Preston affair,

86 ; surrender of, 86 ; monument of,
86 ; Sir Ralph, 84 ; Ralph, lord,
death of, 83 ; benefactor to New-
minster, 83 ; Robert, sheriff of Nor-
thumberland, 84 ; Roger de, 81 ;
witness to a grant, 83 ; Sir Roger de,
son of John, lord of, 83 ; sheriff of
Northumberland, 83 ; warden of
marches, 83 ; death, 83 ; inquisition,
83 ; benefactor to Newminster, 83 ;

346

INDEX : WIGAN — WRE

' hath brains of the Northumberland
serpent,' 84; ' poisoned all Hexam-
shire with poperie,' 84 ; Rowland,
creditor of John Blackiston, 134 ;
Wm. of Wodrington, bequest to, 84n;
second lord, bill to enable him to sell
lands, 85 ; to send in value of his
estates, 85 ; letter of, 86 ; Sir Wm.,
son of Sir Henry, of Swinburne, 85 ;
sheriff and M.P., 85 ; expelled from
House of Commons, 85 ; created
baron, 85 ; killed at Wigan, 85 ; Wm.
second lord, 85. (See also Whyth-
eryngton)

Wigan, Sir Wm. Widdrington killed at,
85

Wightman, Mr. Justice, Ford tithe case
tried before, 199

Wilfrid, bishop of York, 222, 224

Wilkinson, Chris., a debtor in Durham
prison, 17

William, bishop of Durham(and others),
pardon to, 171 ; [1484] death of, 172;
the chaplain, attorney for the prioress
of Newcastle, 58 ; ' dean ' of North-
umberland, 188 ; prince of Orange,
151 ; declaration of accession of, 267

William and Mary, a Scotch ' bawbee '
of, 49

Williams, Ethel Mary Neucella, elected,
71

Williamson, Edward, attended a
muster, from Barmoor, 190 ; John,
witness to a deed, 178 ; of Barmoor,
at a muster, 190 ; Sir John, and
Dorothy his wife, will of, relating to
ferry at Sunderland, 6 ; Roger, of
Barmoor, at muster, 190 ; Thomas,
exhibited aureus of Trajan, 54

4 Willie of the Mott,' 217

Wilson, Anne, of Ulgham, married, 77 ;
Edward, bailiff of Ulgham, child-
ren of, 78n ; Peter, of Ulgham, 78n. ;
Richard, of Ulgham, party to a deed, *
104 ; Thomas, 80

' Winchester quarts,' glass bottles so
named, 36

Windlass crossbow, a, 247

Windsor, writ under privy seal from,
197 ; licence to dean, &c., of, to grant
advowson of Symondesburn, 212

Winston station, camp near, 69

Winter, John, and Catherine his wife, ac-
tion against, for absence from church,
264 ; Robert Pearson, elected, 257

' Winter's Stob,' on Elsdon moor, 134

Winwood, secretary, letter to, 84

Witefield, Beatrix de, Robert de Mit-
ford, a pledge for, 58

Witton, grant of manor of, 155 ; [le-
Wear], value of prebend of, 170 ;
Rev. J. F. Hodgson, vicar, 261 ; John
Hodgson, lay chanter, 170 ; North-
umberland, two men of, drowned in
river ' Waiiespik,' 57. (See also
Wot ton, Wytton)

Witton, Nychol, Scots cut his throat,
232

Wolsingham, large moors in, 17; 'chapel
walls' at, 139 ; bishop of Durham's
manor house at, 139 ; manor granted
to bishop Pudsey in exchange for
Chop well, 60 ; copyholders of, 18 ;
bailiff of, 13 ; moormaster of, 17

Wolstonbury camp, Sussex, 62

Wood, J. S., teacher at Ford, 200 ;
Joseph A., debtor in Durham prison,
17 ; Rev. Thomas W., chaplain of
order of St. John of Jerusalem, 87

Wooden nutcrackers, carved, exhibited,
102 ; pipe, a Dutch, exhibited, 3(3 ;
shovel from old mine presented, 63

Wooderagh, Roger de, or another,
attorney for abbot of Newminster in
an action, 59

Woodhorn church, chantries append-
ant to, 81 ; Mr. Simcoe, vicar of, 82

Woodhouses, co. Durham, 170

Wooler, barony of, conferred on Robert
de Muschamp, 189

Wooler, Edward, exhibits photograph
of flint implements, 64 ; on ' The
Castles,' Hamsterley, 64 ; on the
' chapel walls,' Wolsingham, 139 ;
on medieval pottery, 139 ; on a
quern found at Stanwick, 108 ; ex-
hibited photographs of bronze mor-
tars, 4

Woollen yarn, proclamation that no, to
be carried beyond sea, 279

Worcester, John, bishop of, 171

Wothgar, name of, on Bewcastle cross,
221

Wotton, John de, witness to a deed, 163

W, R,M, on old font of Ancroft church,
187

Wray, George, case concerning Stan-
hope mines, drawn up bj, 17 ;
[Wraye], Raph, at muster, from
Ancroft, 186

Wrekin, the, Shropshire, plan of, 62

Wrenn, Sir Charles, 8 ; of Binchester,
verses against, 263

Wrenland, Bishop Auckland, 8

Wressle, manor house of, 2Qln ; licence
to vicar to marry Sir Robert Manners
knight, and Eleanor Roos in oratory
at, 201n

INDEX : WRI — YOUNG

347

Wright, Cholmeley, 1 ; Edward, ' the
lawyer,' entry of burial of, 261 ;
Hugh, of Windleston, elected gover-
nor of Auckland grammar school, Sn;
John, 7 ; Mereday, 9 ; Toby, of
Windleston, electd governor of
Bishop Auckland grammar school, Sn

Wroth, Arthur, an executor, creditor of
John Blackiston, 134

Wulfhere, king of the Mercians, name
of, on Bewcastle cross, 222

Wydop, fishpond of, 262

Wyght, Alice, daughter of Nicholas,
wife of Gilbert de Oggill, 116

Wykewone, co. Gloucester, pardon for
acquiring manor of, without licence,
172

Wynchcomb, Richard de, rector of
Whitburn, 143

Wyndham, Hugh, 208

Wyneyard, Robert, of Newcastle, 276

Wynton, Henry de, a lay brother, grant
by, 155

Wyrkelee, Wm. de, a pensioner of Chib-
burn, 87

' Wythies,' necks in, 84

Wytton, EJyas de, and Constance, his
wife, 154 ; Walter de, harsh treat-
ment of, for quitting Newminster, 59

Yataghan, a, 255

Yaxley, captain, 218

York city, pardon to king's subjects of,
212 ; court at, matter of Ford church
before, 197 ; bishop of Durham in-
hibited by, 197 ; mandate to mayor

• of, 171 ; Bertram Dawson, sheriff,
alderman, &c., of, 169 ; Laurence,
appointed archbishop of, 171 ; cathe-
dral church of, carved oak from, 40 ;
wood from organ of, 41 ; Cuthbert
Marshall, canon of, &c., 143; Thomas
de Farnylawe, chancellor of, 163n ;
St. Mary's abbey at, 15(> ; discovery
of tombstone of Wm. Sever, abbot of,
133 ; St. Olave's church in, 156

Yorkshire, pardon to king's subjects,
&c., in, 212 ; mandate to escheator
of, 171, 172 ; earl of Newcastle, com-
mander-in- chief in, 131 ; wake, a, 66w

York, the cardinal of, 258

Young, Hugh W., note on Roman Wall,
27 ; on a supposed Roman road north
of Berwick, 113 ; [Younge,] John, 6

J3RONZE LAMP, FROM ROMAN CAMP, SOUTH SHIELDS.

348

CLAY FIGURINE OF VENUS

Found in Carlisle. A similar object found at
Wallsend, but head lacking (see page 46)

THE ENP

DA Society of Antiquaries of

670 Newc£ s tl e-upon-Tyne
N79S66 Proceedings

s.3,v.l

PLEASE DO NOT REMOVE
SLIPS FROM THIS POCKET

UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO
LIBRARY

Internet Archive Audio

Featured

Top

Images

Featured

Top

Software

Featured

Top

Books

Featured

Top

Video

Featured

Top

Mobile Apps

Browser Extensions

Archive-It Subscription

Save Page Now

Full text of "Proceedings"

See other formats