The newer remedies ... A reference book for physicians, pharmacists, and students

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I

Chefnical Library

STANDARD BOOKS

FOR

The Physician and Pharmacists

POTTER. A HandtM>ok of Materia Medica, Pharmacy, and
Therapeutics, incloding the Action of Medicines, Special Thera-
peutics of Disease, Official and Practical Pharmacy, and Minute
Directions for Prescription Writing, etc. Including over 600
Prescriptions and Formulse. By Samuel O. L. Pottee, m.a.,
M.D., M.B.C.P. (Lond.), Professor of the Principles and Practice
of Medicine and Clinical Medicine in the College of Physicians
and Surgeons, San Francisco ; late A. A. Surgeon U. S. Army.
Seventh Edition, Revised and Enlarged. 8vo. With Thumb
Index in each copy. Cloth, $5.00 ; Leather, $6.00

COBLENTZ. Manual of Pharmacy. A Text-Book for Students.
By Virgil Coblentz, a.m., ph.g., ph.d.. Professor of Chem-
istry and Physics ; Director of Pharmaceutical Laboratory, College
of Pharmacy of the City of New York. Second Edition, Revised
and Enlarged. 437 Illustrations. Octavo. 572 Pages.

Cloth, $3.50 ; Sheep, $4.50

BARTLEY. Medical and Pharmaceutical Chemistry. By E.

H. Babtley, M.D., Professor of Chemistry and Toxicology at the
Long Island College Hospital ; Dean and Professor of Chemistry,
Brooklyn College of Pharmacy ; Chief Chemist, Board of Health
of Brooklyn, N. Y. Fifth Edition. Revised and Enlarged. 92
Illustrations and Glossary, and 50 Tables. 738 Pages. 12mo.

Cloth, $3.00

TYSON. The Practice of Medicine. A Texl^Book for Physicians
and Students, with Special Reference to Diagnosis and Treatment.
By James Tyson, m.d., Professor of Clinical Medicine in the
University of Pennsylvania, Physician to the University and to
the Philadelphia Hospitals, etc. Illustrated. 8vo.

Cloth, $5.50 ; Leather, $6.50

\* Spedal dialogues of Books on Medicinct
Pharmacy^ Chemistryt Dentistryt Hygiene, and
Nursing will he sent upon application.

R BL AKISTON^S SON & CO-, Publishers, Philadelphia

THE

NEWER REMEDIES

INCLUDING THEIR SYNONYMS, SOURCES, METHODS OF PREPARA-
TION, TESTS, SOLUBILITrES, INCOMPATIBLES, MEDICINAL
PROPERTIES, AND DOSES AS FAR AS KNOWN, TOGETHER
WITH SECTIONS ON ORGANO-THERAPEUTIC AGENTS
AND INDIFFERENT COMPOUNDS OF IRON

A REFERENCE MANUAL

FOR

PHYSICIANS, PHARMACISTS, AND STUDENTS

BY

VIRGIL COBLENTZ, A.M., Phar.M., Ph.D., F.C.S., Etc.

PROFESSOR OP CHBMISTRY AND PHYSICS IN THE NEW YORK COLLEGE OF PHARMACY; AUTHOR OF

"handbook OF pharmacy"; member of the chemical societies of BERLIN

AND LONDON; FELLOW OF THE SOCIETY OF CHEMICAL INDUSTRY, ETC.

trbtrb B6mon

"RevteeO and vets mucb Bnlatficd

PHILADELPHIA

P. BLAKISTON'S SON & CO.

IOI2 WALNUT STREET
1899

Copyright, 1899, by P. Blakiston's Son Jk Co., Philadelphia.

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

WM. F. FELL & OO..

CLCOTROTYPER8 AND PRINTKU,

iaaO-S4 8AN80M 8TRHT,

PHILADELPHIA.

PREFACE TO THIRD EDITION.

If we consider the introdnction of Kairin in 1882 as the beginning of the era
of modern synthetic medication, and that up to 1896 such prodacts, in addition to
varions proprietary combinations of similar character, numbered abont 800, with
a farther addition of about 1200 during the last three years, the future of this
subject appears to be entirely beyond all conjecture. The class of true synthetics,
although they represent only a comparatively small fraction of the above number,
has received many valuable additions since the last edition of this book, in 1896, as
the following r^snm^ of some of the more important groups will show. The para-
phenetidin nucleus, which furnishes us with the valuable antipyretics Phenacetin,
Phenocx)ll, Lactophenin, etc., has been drawn upon for such new combinations as
Kyrofin, Phesin, Ozyphenaoetin, and Vanillin-para-phenetidin.

The introduction of Eucaine "A," Eucaine **B," Holocain, Pyrocain, Ortho-
form, and Gnaiacyl furnishes some formidable competitors for cocain. Among the
newest synthetic mydriatics are Euphthalmin and Mydrol, the former being a
mandelic acid derivative of the local anesthetic Eucaine *^ B.''

The number of local and intestinal antiseptics with iodoform substitutes has
assumed formidable proportions, new compounds and combinations being almost
of daily occurrence.

The increased interest in the silver antiseptic treatment may be shown by the
addition of such organic combinations as Hydrogol, Protargol, Liargin, Actol, Itrol,
and Aigentol. Among the newer nutrient and tonic albuminoids are Alueronate,
Camiferrol, Casein-peptone, Eucasin, Nutrose, Protogen, and Sanose.

Of late years the subjects of animal remedial preparations and indifferent iron
albumin compounds have attracted sufficient attention to induce the author to add
a chapter devoted to a general explanation of the subjects as far as the scope of
this condensed work permits.

In addition to giving as complete a list of all modem medicinal synthetics as
possible, the author has endeavored to include all such proprietary combinations
as are made up of mixtures containing one or more of these synthetics ; also
such other preparations as employ specially coined titles, many of which are
deceptively similar to those of well-known chemic compounds.

The original orthography of all titles has been retained, excepting in cases
in which a foreign manufacturer has made a slight change for the benefit of our
market — as, for example, in Eucaine and Antipyrine, where a terminal "c" has
been added. In all other cases the author has adopted, so far as possible, the
rules of chemic orthography as sanctioned by the A. A. A. S. in 1891.

The composition of all proprietary combinations is given according to pub-
lished analyses. Wherever possible, among the patented synthetics, the author has

vi PREFACE TO THIRD EDITION,

endeavored to indade the name of the patentees, the following being a list of the
varioos contractions employed :

D. R. P. Deutschw Beichfl Patent.

A. G. F. Anilinfabr., .... AktiengeMllschaft fUr ADilinfabrikation in Berlin.

Basel, Basler Cbemische Fabrik Bindscbedler, Basel

Bayer, Farbenfabriken yorm. F. Bayer A. Co. in Elberfeld.

Boehringer G. F. Boehringer u. 85hne, Waldbof b. Mannheim.

T. Heyden, Chemische Fabrik yon Heyden in Radebeul.

Hoechst, Farbwerke Torm. Meister, Lucius, und BrOning in Hoechst a. M.

Kalle, Kalle u. Co., Biebrich a. Rhein.

Knoll Knoll tt. Co., Ludwigshafen a. Rhein.

Marquart, Dr. L. C. Marquart, Bonn a. Rhein.

Merck, Ch«nische Fabrik E. Merck in Darmstadt.

Rhenania, Chemische Fabrik Rhenania in Aachen.

Riedel, Chemische Fabrik J. D. Riedel in Berlin.

Sobering, Chemische Fabrik a. Aktien Torm. E. Schering in Berlin.

Trommsdorlf, Chemische Fabrik H. TrommsdorlT in ErfUrt.

Zimmer, Zimmer u. Co. in Frankfurt a. M.

New York City, May, 1899,

THE NEWER REMEDIES.

ABIABA. The bark of the Lucuma caimito, a Brazilian Sapotaoeee, which is used as a tonic,
antidysenteric, and antiseptic. Dose, 0.1-0.16 Gm. ; as antiperiodic, 0.2-0.5 6m.

ABRA8TOL. (ASAPROL.) (C,o H, OH. SO,) ,Ca + 3HjO.

The calcium salt of beta-napthol-sulfonic acid. It is a soluble white powder, and
because of its antiseptic properties is employed as a preservatiTe agent for foods. It is also
employed as an intestinal antiseptic in doses of 1-2 Gm. (16-30 gr.). Also employed in in-
flaenza, typhus, muscular rheumatism, and neuralgia, in daily doses or 4-6 Gm.

ABRIN. (JEQUIRITIN.)

Abrin is the most potent principle contained in the Jeqnirity seed {Abnu precatoritu). It
partakes of the nature of an albuminoid and is very poisonous. It is a brownisn-yellow soluble
powder; is employed to limited extent for producing artificial conjunctivitis. Fatal dose is

ACBRDOL. MnOsKjKOH.

An oxidation product of potassa and powdered manganese. Used as an oxidizer, disin-
fectant, etc.

AC ETA L. CHs-CH (0C| H6)s. ^S^onynu : Ethyliden-di-ethyl-ether ; Di-ethyl-acetal.

This body Is obtained by the reaction between acetic-aldehvd and alcohol in presence of
dehydrating agents, whereby water separates. It is a colorless liquid, boiling at w4P-lWP C.
{219°-23!2P F.). Soluble in 18 parts of water {2SP C.) and very soluble in alcohol. It is employed
as asedatiye and hypnotic. Dose is from 6-10 Gm. (77-164 gr.), usually in form of an emulsion.

AC ETA L. Composition stated to be as follows :

Acetic ether. 16 Gm. ; oil of orange, thyme, clove, and lavender, of each, 3 drops ; oil of
lemon, 6 drops ; oil of rosemary, 7 drops ; oil of bergamot, 10 drops ; menthol, 6 Gm. ; abs. alco-
hol, 160 Gm. Used for headache.

ACETAMIDO-ANTIPYRINE.

By the action of nitric acid antipyrine is converted into nitro-antipyrine ; this is reduced
by means of zinc and acetic acid to amldo-antipyrine. This latter compound, when heated with
sodium acetate and acetic anhydrid, is converted into acetHaraido-antipyrine, which forms
yellow crystals, melting at 1QI9° C. (228^ F.), and soluble in water and alcohol. It is recom-
mended as an antipyretic in the same doses as antipyrine.

ACETAMINOL. G«Hs(OCH8)(GsH5)0-CO. GsH^NHCOCH,. aytumym: p-Acetamido-ben-
soH'^ugenol. (Merck.)

By interaction between p-nitrobenzoylchlorid and eugenol-sodium in molecular proportions
p-nitrobenzoyleugenol is formed; this upon reduction yielcb the corresponding p-Amidobenzoyl-
eugenol, which is acetylated by means of acetic anhydrid. This compound appeara in the form
of white scales or a crystalline powder, of melting-point 160^ G. It is almost insoluble in water,
quite soluble in alcohol.

It is employed in treatment of phthisis.

AC ETA N I LI D. CeHs NH. COGHs. Sywmynu : Antifebrin ; PhenylaceUmid.

Obtained by prolonged interaction between pure anilin and glacial acetic acid at boiling
temperature. Twenty Gm. of anilin are boiled with 30 Gm. of glacial acetic acid under an
inverted condenser for fh>m six to ten hours, till a sample of the mixture when removed solidi-
fies on cooling to a crystalline mass. The fused mass is poured into cold water, and the crystals
which separate are filtered olT and recrystallized from hot water or alcohol. When pure, ace-
tanilid forms lustrous rhombic tables without odor or color, melting at 113° C. (235.4° F.), soluble
at 15°'C. (69° F.) in 194 parts of water, and in 6 parts of alcohol ; in 18 parts of boiling water, and
in 0.4 part of boiling alcohol. Acetanilid should not be left in contact with spirits of niter any
great length of time; with antipyrine it forms a pasty mass; in aqueous solution with the
alkali bromids and iodids it forms insoluble compounds.

Its properties are those of an antipyretic. (See U. S. Disp.) The average dose is from
0.2-0.5 Gm. (3-8 gr.). The various derivatives of acetanilid employed in medicine are Asepsin,
lodantlfebrin, Antinervin, Benzanilid. Exal^n.

Among the various remedies which are supposed to contain acetanilid as one of their con-
stituents are Ammonol, Antikamnia, Phenolid, Kxodyne, Antikol, Pyretin, Phenatol, Kaputin,
Phenalgene, etc.

9

10 THE NEWER REMEDIES,

ACETANILID, AMMONIATED.

The following mixture lias been recommended as causing less depression or collapse than
aoetanilid alone: Acetanilid, 25 parts; ammonium carbonate, 10 parts; sodium bicarbonate.
5 parts ; sugar of milk, 60 parts. It stimulates the heart and the vaso-motor system and is usea
in djsmenorrhea, gastralgia, hyperacidity of the stomach, and atonic dyspepsia.

ACETO-AMIDO-PHENOL. (0|H40H.NH.CaH,0). Synmym: Hydroxyantifebrin.
An oxidation product of acetanilid.

ACETOCAUSTIN.

A 50 per cent, solution of trichloracetic acid. A clear fluid of penetrating odor which, on
boiling, splits up into chloroform ; finally, formic and carbonic acids. Used as a caustic for
corns, etc.

ACETOL.

A remedy for toothache found by Dr. Aufrecht to consist of acetic acid, S.46; alum, 3.07 :
and water, 88.5 per cent., with small quantities of the essential oils of sage, peppermint, and
clove.

ACETON.

A proprietary " grip *' and headache remedy. Not to be confounded with acetone.

ACETONAL.

Aluminum sodium acetate.

ACETONE. CHr^a-CHg. 8yn<mym: Di-methyl-ketone.

This is prepared by the dry distillation of calcium acetate ; it boils at 56** C. (182.8^ F.), has
a peculiar ethereal odor, and sharp burning taste. Miscible with water, alcohol, and ether.
It is employed as a nervine in doses of 6-15 minims, in water or infusion of valerian.

ACETONE COLLODION.

This has the advantage of ereater elasticity over ordinary flexible collodion, is prepared
from 5 parts gunootton, 10 parts etner, 10 parts alcohol, 20 parts acetone, and 6 parts castor oil.

ACETONE RESORCIN. G8H4:0,:C (CHs)s.

A combination of two molecules of resorcin and one of acetone. Used as an antiseptic.
Small anhydrous prisms, soluble in alkalies, insoluble in water and alcohol ; melts at 2\3P C.
(413.60 F.).

ACETO-ORTHO-AMIDO-CHINOLIN. (C,H«N (NHCH,CO)).

Obtained by reduction of ortho-nitroKshinolin to ortho-amido-chinolin ; this latter is acet-
ylated by means of acetyl chlorid. Forms colorless crystals, which were intended as anti-
pyretic without result.

ACETOPHENONE. SeeHypnone.

ACETO-PHENONE-ORTHO-OXY-QUINOLIN. C,HeN0.CHj.C0.CeH6.

Obtained by interaction between a halogen compound of aceto-phenone and ortho-quinolin
in the presence of solvents and an alkali. Tne compound is an energetic base formin|f well-
definea salts, soluble in all volatile solvents. Melts at 130° C. It is decidedly hypnotic and
antineuralgic, being superior to aceto-phenone in that it is inodorous, tasteless, and non-irritating.
(D. R. P. Zimmer &. Co.)

ACET-ORTHO-TOLUID. CeH4 (CH,) NH COCHj. Sywrnym: Ortho-tolyl-acetamid.

This is an isomerideof exalgin, obtained by prolonged interaction between ortho-toluidin
and glacial acetic acid at boiling temperature. It occurs in colorless needles; melting-point,
IVJ^ C. (224.6° v.). Soluble in hot water, alcohol, and ether ; almost insoluble in cold water.

It is employed as an antipyretic ; its action is more rapid than that of acetanilid, yet being
less toxic. Tne dose, althougn there is no authority upon the subject, would be from 0.1-0.3
Gm. (2-5 gr.).

ACET-PARA-AMIDO-SALOL. SeeSalophen.

ACET-PARA-TOLUID. C^H* (CH,) NH. COCH,. Synonym: Para-tolyl-acetamid.

This is obtained by prolonged interaction between para-toluidin and glacial acetic acid at
boiling temperature. It occurs in colorless crystals of melting-point 149° G. (300.2° F.). It is
almost insoluble in water, and readily soluble in alcohol.

It is CTaployed as an antipyretic in doses of from 1-2 Gm. (15-30 gr.).

ACETYL-AMIDO-ANTIPYRINE. See under Antipyrine.

ACETYL-ETHYL-PHENYL-HYDRAZIN. (CibH^NA).

Obtained by heating a solution of ethylene-phenyl-hydrazin with an excess of acetic anhy-
drid. Forms colorless needles,. recommended as antipyretic.

ACETYL-PARA-AMIDO-PHENYL-SALICYLATE, SeeSalophen.
ACETYL-PARA-ETHOXY-PHENYL-URETHANE. See Thermodin.
ACETYL-PHENYL-HYDRAZINE. See Hydracetin.
ACETYL-TANNIN. SeeTannigen.
ACETYL-THYMOL. C„HiflOs or CioHisO-CHjCO. Synmym: Thymyl Acetate. .

This constitutes a colorless liquid of pungent taste, sp. gr. 1.009 at 0° C. Boils nt 2 M.4° ('.
(472° F. ). Employed as an antiseptic.

THE NEWER REMEDIES, 11

ACID, AGARIC. SeeAgaricin.

ALPHA-OXY-NAPTHOia See AlphaK>x7-napthoic Acid.

ALPHA TOLUIG. See PhenyUcetic Acid.

ANAGARDIC. See Anacardic Acid.

ANGELIC. See Angelic Acid.

AL6INIC. See Alginic Acid.

ANISIC. See Anisic Acid.

ANISOPHENYLia See Anisophenxlic Acid.

ASEPTIC. See Aseptic Acid.

BENZOY L-AMIDO-PHENYL-ACETIC. See Benzoyl-amido-p-acetic Acid.

BETA-PHENYL-SALICYLIC. See Beta^phenyl-saUcjlic Acid.

BETA-PHENYL-PROPIONia See Betarphenyl-propionio Acid.

BOROCITRIC. See Borocitric Acid.

BOROPHENYLIC. See Boropbenylic Acid.

BOROSALICYUC. See BoroaaUcylic Acid.

BUBSINIC. See Burainic Acid.

CAINCIC. See Caincic Acid.

CAINCINia See Caincinic Add.

CAMPHORIC See Camphoric Acid.

CAMPHORONIC. See Camphoronic Acid.

CARBOLIC, CAMPHORATED. See Carbolic Acid, Camphorated.

CARBOLIC, IODIZED. See lodo-phenol.

CATECHU-TANNIC. See Gatecbu-tannic Acid.

CATHARTIC. See Cathartic Acid.

CHINOPICRIC. See Chinopicric Acid.

CINNAMYLIC. See Cinnamic Acid.

COLUTINIC. See Colutinic Acid.

CRESOTINIC. See Cresotinic Acid.

CRESYLIC. SeeCresol.

CROTONOLIC. See Crotonolic Acid.

CUBEBIC. See Cubebic Acid.

DI-CHLOR-ACETIC. See Di-chlor-acetic Acid.

DI-IODO^ALICYLIC. See Di-iodo^alicyUc Acid.

DITHIOCHLORSALICYLIC. See Di-thio^hlor-salicylic Acid.

DI-THIO-SALICYLIC. See Di-thioHiaUcylic Acid.

EMBELIC. See Embelic Acid.

FILICIC. See FiUcic Acid.

FRANGULIC. See Frangnlic Acid.

GLYCERINO-PHOSPHQRIC. See Glycerin-phosphoric Acid.

GUAIACOL, CARBONIC. See Guaiacol Carbonate.

GYMNEMIC. See Gymnemic Acid.

GYNOCARDIC. See Gynocardic Acid.

HOMO-TOLUIC. See Phenyl-propionic Acid.

HYDRO-CYNNAMIC. See Phenyl-propionic Acid.

IODIC and COMPOUNDS. See Iodic Acid.

lODOSALICYLIC. See lodo-salicylic Acid.

lODOSO^BENZOIC. See lodoeo-benzoic Acid.

NAPTHIONIC. See Napthionic Acid.

ORTHO-AMIDO-SALICYLIC. See Ortho-amido-saUcylic Acid.

OSMIC. See Osmic Acid.

OXY-NAPTHOIC. See Oxy-napthoic Acid.

PHENYL-ACETIC. See Phenyl-acetic Acid.

PHENYI^BORIC. See Phenyl-boric Acid.

PHENYL-PROPIONIC See Hydro-cinnamic Acid.

PHENYL-SALICYLIC. See Phenyl-ealicylic Acid.

PIPITZAHOINIC. See Pipitzahoinic Acid.

QUILLAYAIC. See Quillayaic Acid.

SALICYLO-ACETIC. See Salicylo-acetic Acid.

SALICYLOUS. See Salicylic Aldehyde.

SCLEROTIC (Sclerotinic). See Sclerotic Acid.

SOZALIC. See Aseptol.

SOZOIODIC. See Sozoiodic Acid.

SOZOLIC. See Aseptol.

12 THE NEWER REMEDIES,

ACID, SU(X:TNIC.ETHTLENE-PHENYLHYDRAZINE. See Ethylene-pheoflbjdnuEiD^uccinic
Acid.

SULFANILIC. See Sulfanilic Acid.

SULFO-TUMENOLIG. See Tuinenol.

TETRA-THIO-DIGHLOEUSALIGYLIC. See Tetra-thio-dichlor-Balicylic Acid.

THIOLINIC. See ThioUnio Acid.

TRI-CHLOB-AGETIC. See Tri^^hlor-Acetic Add.

TRI-GHLOIt-GARBOLIG. See Chlor Phenol (Tri).

TRI-GHLOR.PHENIG. See Chlor Phenol (Tri).

ACOCANTHERIN. SeeUabain.

ACODINE.

A dental preparation consisting of aconite, iodin, tannic acid, and glycerin.

ACTOL. AgCsHjOj + H,0. (Silver Lactate.)

A white inodorous and tasteless powder, soluble in water ^1 : 20), recommended as a surgi-
cal antiseptic. An aqueous solution (1 : 1000) destroys within five minutes all pathogenic
microbes. As hypodermic injection in erysipelas, 0.3 Gm. to 100 Gc. of water; as wash, a
teaspoonful of the solution (1 : 60) to a glass of water.

ADEPS LAN^. Synonyms: Lanolin; Adeps Lanse Hydrosus, U. S. P. ; Anasalpin.

" The purified fat of the wool of sheep . . . mixed with not more than 30 per cent, of
water," U. S. P.

The wool of sheep contains a large per cent, of fats (about 46 per cent.), which it is neces-
sary to remove before it can be used in manufacturing. These fats consist or a mixture of fatty
esters of cholesterin and isocholesterin. The crude wool-fat, which is usually obtained h-^ wash-
ing the wool with benzine, acetone, or some similar solvent, and evaporating, is emulsionized
with a weak alkaline solution, then separating the creamy mixture in centrifugal machines ; the
upper layer of fluid contains the cholesterin fats, while the lower layer consists of a soap solution
or the impure fatty acids. The upper fluid is drawn off and the cholesterin fats set free by the
addition of a solution of calcium chlorid ; the impure lanolin thus obtained is purified by
repeated melting and washing, finally extracting with acetone.

Anhydrous wool-fat is of a pale yellow color, somewhat translucent, melting at 36*^ G.
(96.8° F.), readily soluble in benzine, ether, chloroform, acetone, but only partly soluble in
alcohol. When mixed with 30 per cent of water it constitutes the hydrous wool-fat of the
Pharmacopoeia.

Hydrous wool-fat occurs as a nearly white, unctuous mass, the surface of which, on
standing, becomes of an orange color, due to loss of water. Its melting-point is about 4(F G.
(104° F.l ; it is miscible with twice its weight of water without losing its ointment-like char-
acter. Wool-fat is employed as a base for the preparation of ointments, pomades, creams, etc.

ADEPS OSSIUM. SeeOasalln.

ADH>ESIOVUM HAU8MANN.

A thick, rose-colored fluid, consisting chiefly of collodion, which is employed in all
instances where the latter is indicated.

ADHi^BSOL.

An antiseptic varnish, recommended as a substitute for stA'esol. It contains 350 parts
copal resin, 30 parts of benzoin, 30 parts of tolu balsam, 20 parts of thyme oil, 3 parts of aipha-
napthol, and 1000 parts of ether.

ADIPATUM.

An ointment vehicle the composition of which is presumed to be as follows: Lanolin
anhyd., 36 parts ; vaselin, 35 parts ; paraflin, 7 parts ; water, 5 parts.

ADONIDIN.

A glncosid of the Adonis vemdlis. It forms a hygroscopic, inodorous, amorphous powder,
intensely bitter. 'It is employed as a cardiac stimulant and mild diuretic in doses of 0.004-
0.016 Gm. (A-i gr.).

ADONIN.

A glucosidal principle obtained from the herb Adonis vemdlis. It is a bitter, yellowish-
white, hygroscopic powder, soluble in water and alcohol, insoluble in ether. Employed as a car-
diac stimulant, oeing feebly diuretic. Dose, 0.01-0.06 6m. (i-1 gr.).

ADONIS iCSTIVALIS.

Recommended in place of digitalis and adonis vernalis in treatment of fatty degeneration
of the heart.

ADONIS VERNALIS.

The roots and leaves of this plant are employed in diseases of the heart. The aqueous or
alcoholic extract is given in doses of 0.5-1 Gm.

ADULSA VASACA.

The leaves and stems of the Adhatoda vesica Nees., an East Indian Acanthacen, which are
used in form of powder or as tincture (1 : 5) in phthinis, asthma, and other diseases of the respira-
tory organs. Dose, 0.25 Gm. of the powder or 2-4 Gm. of the tincture three times daily.

>EROZOL.

Essential oils containing 25 volumes of ozone.

THE NEWER REMEDIES, 13

JESCULIN. CiftHieOft -f IH Aq.

A glucosid obtained from the bark of the horse chestnut {JEscuhu hippocaxtanum). After
precipitating the tannin and coloriog-matter from the hot aqueous extract bj means of alum and
ammonia the filtrate is evaporated to dryness and the residue extracted with alcohol and puri-
fied bj recrystallization. ^sculin forms inodorous, fine, needle-like crystals, of bitter taste,
almost insoluble in cold and quite soluble in hot water, its aqueous solution baring a strong blue
fluorescence. Recommended as antiperiodic.

JETHER ANi^ESTHETICUS (Koenig).

A mixture of ether 20 parts, rhigolene 80 parts, and petroleum ether 80 parts ; used as
loc^l anesthetic. Another formula giyes absolute alcohol and ether, each 1 volume, and i>etroleum
ether, 4 parts.

iiETHER CHLORATUS. See Ethyl Chlorid.

JETHYL, iflETHYLEN, iOSTHYLIDEN, ETC., COMPOUNDS. See under
Ethyl, Ethylene, Ethylideue, etc.

APRAL.

Scaly hygroscopic crystals, difficultly soluble in cold water, readily so in hot water and
alcohol. Used as preservative agent for beer, wine, cider, etc., like salicylic acid ; 5 Gm. of the
latter corresponds to 10 Gm. of afral.

AFTANNIN.

This is a dirty-brown liquid used In veterinary practice, consisting, according to Dr.
Aufrecht, of an inAision of herns, mixed with 5 per cent, of glycerin and about 1.5 per cent,
of formaidehyd.

AGARIC ACID. SeeAgaricin.

A G A R I C I N . Ci4H270H (COsH) HjO. Synonym : Agaric Add.

The active principle of the fungus Agaricut albtu or Polyporut officinalis, obtained by
extraction with alcohol. It forms a white, crystalline powder, melting at \4fP C. (284° F.).
Almost insoluble in cold water, soluble in 130 parts of alcohol.

Agaricin is employed in the treatment of nights-sweats of phthisis ; also in combating the
sudorific effect of the synthetic antipyretics. Dose, 0.005-0.01 Gm. (^p^ gr.).

AG A T H I N . C«Hj(CH8)N-N : CH.CeH4 (OH). Synonym : Salicyl-a-methyl-phenyl-hydrazone ;
Goemin.

Agathin is obtained by reaction between salicylic aldehyd and the base roethyl-phenyl-
hydrazone. It forms colorless, crystalline flakes, inodorous and tasteless, insoluble in water, but
soluble in alcohol and ether. Its melting-point is 14P C. (165.2<' F.).

Agathin is employed as an antineuralgic and antirheumatic in doses of 0.12-0.5 Gm.

(2-8gr.f.

AGHARA (Gaskaral-H

An astringent and diuretic used in dysentery, menorrhagia, diarrhea, and dropsy, in doses
of 60-60 Cc. of tne infusion (1 : 20). Externally used in insect oites.

AGNINE.

Adeps lansB.

AGNOLIN.

A purified wool-fat. Adeps lanse.

AGONIADINUM. CioHhOis.

A glucosid obtained from the bark of the Plumoria tuocubat given in doses of 0.12-0.25 Gm.
in treatment of intOTmittent fever.

AGOPYRIN.

A secret remedy which appears in the form of tablets containing ammonium chlorid
"% gr., cinchonin sulfate "% gr., and salicin 4 gr.

AILANTUS GLANDULOSA.

The extract from the leaves is recommended as anthelmintic. It is claimed to be of value
in epilepsy.

AIODIN (Roche).

A preparation of the thyroid glands, constituting an inodorous and tasteless powder, of
which each gram represents 10 Gm. of the fresh gland, contains 0.4 per cent, of iodin ; used in
myxedema.

AIROFORM.

Is identical with airol. These are trade-names for bismuth oxy-gallate.

AIROL.

An oxyiodid of bismuth subgallate, patented by the firm of Hoflhiann, Traub A. Co., of
Basel. This compound possesses the absorbent properties of subgallate of bismuth as well as the
antiseptic properties of its iodin combination. Airol forms a greenish-gray, fine, voluminous,
inodorous, and tasteless powder. Light produces no effect, while moist air causes the powder to
turn a red color, with loss of iodin. in contact with water, particularly when heated, the
powder undergoes slow decomposition, changing to a red color, with loss of iodin. Dilute alkalies
and acids dissolve this compound readily. The formula ascribed is :

{—OH
^H ^oH
—COO Bi<i;

14 THE NEWER REMEDIES.

That is, it is a basic bismuth gallate in which a hydroxyl group is replaced by iodic.
Airol is applied as a dusting-powder oyer wounds, sores, etc.

AJACOL. SeeGuetbol.

ALANGINUM LAMARKII.

The root of an Indian Ck)rnaoe« which possesses emetic, diaphoretic, and antipyretic
properties. Claimed to be an excellent substitute for ipecac in all diReases where the latter is
indicated except in dysentery. Dymock recommends alaoginum in leprosy, syphilis, and skin
diseases.

Alanoinum. The actiye principle of the above, which is amorphous, soluble in alcohol,
ether, and chloroform. Used as febrifuge and emetic.

ALANT-CAMPHOR. See under Alantol.

ALANTOL. CioH„0.

Elecampane root {Inula hUeniunC) contains, aside from inulin, resinous, waxy, and extract-
ive matter; alantol, a liquid stearoptene; alautic anhydrid, a crystalline body, and a solid
stearoptene called helenin.

Helenin or AlanUcaanphor. CcHeO. This occurs in colorless, inodorous, crystalline
needles, insoluble in water, but soluble in alcohol and ether, melting at 110^ C. (155^-158^ F.).
It is employed as an antiseptic in the treatment of malaria, tuberculosis, diarrhea, etc., in
frequent doses of 0.01 Gm. {% gr.).

Alamtol is an aromatic liquid, of a peppermint'-like odor, boiling at 200'' G. (892° F.). It
is employed as an antiseptic in treatment of tuberculous diseases.

Alantol Gigabettbs are prejpared from a certain variety of tobacco grown in Asia
Minor, which is nearly free from nicotin. The tobacco is treated with an essence of elecampane
root, which improves the flavor and masks the taste of the paper. These cigarettes are recom-
mended particularly to those afflicted with throat and lung troubles, to whom ordinary tobacco
in any form is always injurious, in that it causes irritation and increases the symptoms of the
disease.

ALAPURIN.

A purified wool-fat.

ALBOLENE.

This is a refined product of petroleum, free from any definite chemic or physiologic
action ; it can not become rancid, and is introduced as a colorless, odorless base for ointments,
cerates, salves, pomades, etc., especially in hot climates.

Alholene liguid is a colorless, odorless, tasteless fluid, with a specific gravity of 0.865 at
BXP F.; obtained from petroleum and afterward specially treated. It does not saponify or become
rancid, neither is it decomposed bv acids or alkalies. It can be vaporized in a brine bath at
aero, indicating the absence of solid paraffin, and is free from petroleum ethers. Its lightness
makes it very diffusible as vapor or as a solvent for drugs used in oleaginous solution for spray-
ing the naso-pharyngeal passages.

ALCARNOSE.

An artificial predigested food-product. Dose, 10-16 capsules of 12 Gm. (3 drams) daily,
taken in cocoa or bouillon.

ALEUVONAT.

A patented vMetable albuminoid. Forms a tasteless, inodorous powder containing 80 per
cent, of albumen and 7 per cent, of carbohydrates.

ALGAROBIA QLANDULOSA. SeeMezquite.

ALGINIC ACID, METALLIC COMPOUNDS OF.

Stanford has produced a number of combinations of metals with alginic acid which are
insoluble, and are claimed to possess medicinal properties. The following are the most impor-
tant:

Alginoid Iron, or iron alginate, is prepared by adding a solution of sodium alginate
to a solution of ferric chlorid. The salt is tasteless and non-astringent, possessing, on the con-
trary, cathartic properties. It may be given where other iron salts are not tolerated. Its color
is brown. It contains 10.97 per cent, of metallic iron, and is soluble in ammonia water, from
which solution it is precipitated out upon concentration as an insoluble body. Its formula is
C7«HT7Fe8Ns023. It is given in doses of 0.15-1.0 Gm.

Alginoid Antimony is obtained by the precipitation of antimony chlorid by sodium
alginate. This is a white powder containing 4.5 per cent antimony. Its ammoniacal solution
retains the salt in a soluble form upon concentration.

Alginoid Arsenic is obtained in a similar manner to the preceding, employing arsenic
chlorid. Its aqueous solution is suggested as a substitute for Fowler's solution.

Alginoid Magnesium. This is soluble in water without intervention of ammonia, and
results from the action of alginic acid or magnesium carbonate. According to its formula,
Mg5(CTeHnNsOe)s, it contains 4.2 per cent, of magnesium. In 40 per cent, aqueous solution it
is said to possess excellent adhesive properties.

Alginoid Morphin contains 85 per cent, of morphin. Alginic acid unites with alka-
loids, forming salts soluble in water.

Alginoid Mbrcurous Oxid is gray in color, becoming black with amraonia-water. It is
obtained by interaction between mercurous nitrate and sodium alginate. It contains 33 per cent,
of mercury.

THE NEWER REMEDIES, 15

Alginoid Mercubic Oxid. Th\» can not be obtained by interaction between mercuric
dilorid and sodium alginate, no precipitation occurring (difference from action of albumins
and mercuric cblorid). It is obtained by treating a solution of mercuric nitrate with sodium
alginate. The resulting product is grayish-white, and is soluble in ammonia. The latter solution
does not attack steel instruments, rendering it of value for purposes of sterilization of these.

Alginoid Strychnin contains 50 per cent, of the allcaloid.

Alginoid Bismuth is a yellow powder, and contains 32 per cent, of metallic bismuth. It
is obtain^ by precipitating a solution of bismuth nitrate by sodium alginate. Its ammoniacal
solution remains clear upon eyaporation, and is misoible with water. This solution is termed
" liquor bismuthi alginici."

ALG08INE.

A proprietary analgesic for headaches.

ALISMA PLANTAGO.

The roots and tops of this plant are used as antidote to the rattle-snake bite. Lately
recommended in tetanus.

ALIZARIN-YELLOW-C. See Gallacetophenon.

ALKALI ALBUMINATE.

A pale brown, alkaline, soluble powder which is used in promoting cultures of cholera and
diphtheria bacilli.

ALKASAL. See Aluminum-potassium Salicylate.

ALLYL-MUSTARD OIL. See Oleum Sinapis Volatile.

ALLYL-SULFID. {(k^h)^- Synonym: Oil of Garlic.

An artificially prepared organic compound which smells strongly of garlic. Used inter-
nally also as an enema in treatment of cholera, subcutaneously in ^ per cent, solution in steril-
ized olive oil in phthisis. In the latter case 1 Cc. of a ^ per cent, solution is iniected daily,
increased later to 2 Cc. Internal dose, one tablespoonful of a 1 : 600 mixture every half hour.

ALLYL-SULFO-CARBAMIDE. See Thiosinamine.

ALLYL-SULFO-UREA. See Thiosinamine.

ALLYL-THIO-UREA. See Thiosinamine.

ALLYL TRIBROMID. (CsHsBr,).

A colorless or slightly yellowish liquid, insoluble in water, soluble in ether. Recommended
as a sedative and anodyne in hysteria, asthma, whooping-cough, etc. ; in doses of 2-4 drops dis-
solved in etl^er, hypodermically.

ALPHA-CREOSOTE.

This artificial product is prepared by mixing together the several constituents as found in
normal creosote in such proportions that it contains 26 per cent, crystalline guaiacol.

ALPHA-EUCAINE. See under Encaine.

ALPHA-GUAIACOL.

A crystalline, synthetic guaiacol. This name is applied to distinguish it from the com-
mercial guaiacol.

ALPHA TOLUIC ACID. See Phenylacetic Acid.

ALPHOL. SeeBetol.

ALSOL. See Aluminum Aceto-tartrate.

AL8TONIA CONSTRICTA.

The bark of this apocynaoeous plant is given in doses of 0.25 6m., as a febrifuge.

ALSTONIN.

An alkaloid obtained from the bark of the AUUmia eonstrieta (Apocynacese).
Alstonin forms white, crystalline needles, insoluble in water ; soluble in alcohol, ether, and
chloroform. To hot water it imparts an intensely bitter taste.

ALUMINUM-ACETO-TARTRATE. (ALSOL.)

White, glossy crystals of bitter taste, insoluble in water, soluble in alcohoL Used as
disinfectant and astringent.

It occurs in yellowish granules, with an acid, astringent taste, slightly soluble in water.
Alsol is recommended as a non-toxic substitute for potassium chlorate, carbolic acid, or corrosive
sublimate, and more particularly as a gargle in 0.5-2 per cent, solution containing glycerin and
sugar. It is in the market also in form of a 60 per cent, solution. The salt is prepared by a pat-
ented process as follows: Five parts of basic aluminum acetate are dissolved in water with the
aid of three parts of tartaric acid. The solution is evaporated to dryness, the residue dissolved
in a little water, and the double salt precipitated with alcohol. Alsol is composed of alumina,
25.35 per cent. ; acetic acid, 27.83 per cent. ; tartaric acid, 27.78 per cent. ; and water, 18.81 per
cent. It is an astringent and disinfectant in nasal and laryngeal affections. Apply in ^-2 per
cent, solutions, or as a snuff with 2 parts of boric acid.

ALUMINUM-AMMONIUM-SALICYLATE. SeeSalumin (soluble).

ALUMINUM-BASIC-GALLATE. See under GallaL

ALUMINUM-BASIC-TANNATE. SeeTannal (insoluble).

16 THE NEWER REMEDIES.

ALUMINUM-BETA-NAPTHOL-DISULFONATE. SeeAlumnol.

ALUMINUM-BORO-FORMATE.

It is thus made : Mix 2 parts formic acid, 1 part boric acid, and 6 or 7 parts of water,
and in the mixture dissolve fresh precipitated aluminum hydrate; filter, allow to crystallize : or
it may be employed in a solution of sp. gr. 1.064 (10 per cent.) or sp. gr. 1.110 (2U per cent.),
reduced by careful evaporation. It is employed as a mild antiseptic and astringent.

ALUMINUM-BORO-TANNO-TARTRATE. SeeCutel.
ALUMINUM-BORO-TARTRATE. SeeBoraL

ALUMINUM BROMID. AlBr,.

A white, hygroscopic mass, recommended by Dickenshied in diphtheria, the following
solution being painted over the parts or taken internally in doses of 5-10 drops, or, as a gargle,
1-7. Aluminum bromid, 15 Gm. ; aluminum chlorid, 30 Gm. ; hot water, 180 Gm.

ALUMINUM OLEATE.

Obtained as a soft mass on mixing aqueous solutions of Castile soap and alum.

ALUMINUM-PARA-PHENOL-SULFONATE. SeeSozal.

ALUMINUM-POTASSIUM-PARA-PHENOL-SULFONATE.

Al,K,(CeH4(OH)SO,)8.

This compound is obtained by saturating para-phenol sulfonic acid with a solution of
potassium alurainate. It forms colorless crystals, soluble in water. Its properties are thoeeof
an antiseptic and astringent ; it is employed chiefly as a wash for indolent ulcers, etc., in 5 per
cent, solution.

ALUMINUM-POTASSIUM SALICYLATE. (ALKASAL.)

This double salt is produced by a process recently patented by Athenstedt, in which hot
potassium acetate is made to act on aluminum salicylate. It contains a large proportion of
alumina, and is said to be a powerful astringent as well as possessing strong antiseptic properties.

ALUMINUM SALICYLATE. See Salumin (insoluble).

ALUMINUM SOZOIODOLATE. (ceH^SO,) Al + 3HA

Forms light, needle-like crystals which are yery soluble in water and alcohol. Used as
antiseptic wash in 2-3 per cent, solution.

ALUMINUM TANNATE (Basic). SeeTannal.

ALUMINUM TANNO-TARTRATE. See Tannal (soluble).

ALUMNOL. r(CioH6(OH)(S08)s]8Als. Synonym: Beta-naphtol-disulfonate of Aluminum.

Alumnol is obtained by reaction between the barium compound of beta^naphtol-disul-
fonic acid and aluminum sulfate. It forms a colorless powder, readily soluble in water and
glycerin, but only slightly soluble in alcohol. Aqueous solutions are incompatible with alkaline
solutions, the hydrate of alumina being precipitated. Likewise it precipitates albuminoid and
gelatinous bodies from solution, the precipitate being soluble in excess of albumin or gelatin.
Alumnol should not be brought in contact with ammoniacal compounds.

Alumnol is employed as an antiseptic and astringent. As a wash for purulent surfaces, it
is employed in from 1-6 per cent, solution. Mixed with powdered talc or starch (10-20 per
cent.), it forms an astringent dusting-powder. (D. R. F. Hoechst.)

AMAROL.

Is another name for Ingestol. A German proprietary stomachic mixture.

AMIDO-ACET-PHENETIDIN. See Phenocoll.

AMIDO-ANTIPYRINE.

This occurs in yellow needles which melt at 109^ C. (288® F.). It is obtained by the
reduction of isonitroso-antipyrine, which results from the action of nitrous acid on antipyrine.

AMIDO-CINNAMIC ESTERS.

These derivatives of cinnamic acid are claimed to have anesthetic power in addition to the
antiseptic properties of the cinnamates. The ethyl ester of meta-amido-cinnamic acid is pre-
pared by passing hydrochloric acid gas into a solution of the acid in absolute alcohol and the
methyl ester in a similar manner by substituting methyl alcohol. The ethyl compound crystal-
lizes from dilute alcohol in prisms melting at 63°-64° C. It is soluble in alcohol, ether, and chloro-
form, insoluble in water and ligroin. The corresponding methyl compound melts at 84P.

AMIDO-GUAIACOL.

Aceto-o-anisidin^ on treatment with nitric acid, fields nitro-aceto-o-anisidin, which,
on boiling with alkalies, undergoes saponification, yielding an alkali salt of nitro-fruaiacol.
By the action of zinc and hydrochloric acid or other reducing agents, this nitro-guaiacol is con-
yerted into amido-guaiacol. This base melts at 184° C. (383.2° F.) ; its hydrochlorid at 242° C.
(467.6*' F.). The salts of amido-guaiacol are employed in the preparation of colors and medi-
cinal agents.

AMIDO-SUCCIN AMIDE. See Asparagin.

AMINOFORM.

A new name given by Lederer to urotropin, or hexa-methylene tetramine. This is a
compound resulting from the interaction of formaldehyd and ammonia. A fine, crystalline.

THE NEWER REMEDIES, 17

insoluble powder which is not affected by alkalies, but, on warming with diluted mineral acids,
is decomposed with liberation of formaldehyd.

Aminoform is recommended in treatment of gouty afibctions, 1-2 Gm. being taken in half
a liter of water mornings ; it is also used as an antiseptic.

AMINOL.

A liquid disinfectant, possessing an alkaline reaction and a strong, fishy odor. One liter
of aminol is said to contain 1.52 Gm. of calcium hydrate, 3.516 Gm. of sodium chlorid, and
0.29 Gm. of trimethylamin.

AMMONIUM BORATE (Biborate). 2(NH4HB,04) + 8HsO.

Recommended by Laskierich for relieying expectoration in phthisis. Dose, 0.25 Gm. three
times daily, alone or combined with opium or hyoscyamus. ^

AMMONIUM BORO-FLUORID and AMMONIUM SILICO-FLUORID.

Excellent antiseptics in the treatment of all infectious diseases of the nose and throat,
by inhalation. The latter has been found particularly effective in tuberculosis, diabetes, and
gout. It penetrates deep into the lungs and is diffused throughout the body. Similar eff'ects
are y ield^ by the combinations of ammonia with bromiu, iodin, formic and tri-chlor-acetic acids.

AMMONIUM CAMPHORATE.

White, soluble crystals, giren in doses of 0.1-0.2 Gm., as a nenre sedative.

AMMONIUM EMBELICUM. C^^HisO,. NH4.

This is the ammonium salt of embolic acid, the latter being prepared from the Bmbelia
ribe*, Burm. (Myrsinacese).

It is a brick-red powder, readily soluble in diluted alcohol.

It is employed asateniafuge, in doses from 0.18 Gm. (2.8 gr.), for children, to 0.4 Gm. (6 gr.),
for adults.

AMMONIUM FLUORID.

Used chiefly in enlargement of the spleen ; also recommended as antipyretic and anti-peri-
odic. Dose, beginning with 5 drops, increasing to 80 of a solution containing 4 grains to the ounce.

..po^sf^*^""

AMMONIUM GLYCERINO-PHOSPHATE. (NH*,,.^ ^^^

A translucent soluble mass. Given in doses of 0.2-0.25 Gm. (3-^ gr.) in treatment of
neurasthenia, Addison's disease, phoephaturia, etc. See Glycerino-phosphoric Acid.

AMMONIUM-ICHTHYOL-SULFONATE. Seelchthyol.

AMMONIUM PERSULFATE. (NHOAOa.

Colorless crystals which give a turbid solution in water. Used as strong antiseptic in J^-
2 per cent, solutions. Also usra for preserving food products and preparing mouth-washes.

AMMONIUM PHENYL-ACETAMID. SeeAmmonol.

AMMONIUM PICRATE.

Used in fever-free malaria, in doses of 0.01-0.1 Gm. Specific in whooping-cough.

AMMONIUM SALICYLATE. C6H4(OH)COONH4.

This compound is obtained by neutralising salicylic acid with ammonium carbonate, evapor-
ating and crystallizing. It forms a white, crystalline powder, of sweet taste and very soluble in
water.

Ammonium salicylate is recommended as an expectorant, the dose being the same as the
other salicylates, 0.18-1.3 Gm. (2-10 gr.).

AMMONIUM SILICO-FLUORID. See under Ammonium Boro-fluorid.

AMMONIUM SUCCINATE. C4H404(NH4)2.

Ck>lorles8, soluble crystals, recommended by Remy as a specific in cramp colic. Ammon.
succin., 1 part ; aqua, 120 parts ; syr. coffea, 20 parts. One tablespoon Ail every fifteen minutes.

AMMONIUM SULFO-ICHTHYOLATE. Seelchthyol.

AMMONIUM URATE. NH4C5H8N40a.

A white powder, almost insoluble in water. Used as antiseptic in dermic affbctions in
4 per cent, ointment.

AMMONOL. (AMMONIUM PHENYL ACETAMID.)

A proprietary remedy recommended as an antipyretic and analgesic. It is also claimed to
possess antiseptic properties. Dose, 0.3-1.3 Gm. (5-20 gr.).

AMMONOL SALICYLATE.

Stated to have the composition of ammonium-phenyl-acetamid salicylate, is recommended
as a desirable substitute for the customary headache preparation in the treatment of nervous,
anemic females, in doses of 0.5 Gm. (8 gr.).

AMYGDOPHENIN. CeH4(OC!,H6).NH.OC.CH(OH)CeH5. Synonym: Phenyl-glycolyl-phe-
netidin.

A paramidophenol derivative in which one of the hydrogen atoms of the amid group is
replaced by an ester of amygdalic acid, and the hydrogen atom in the hydroxyl group is replaced
by ethyl carbonate. It has been commended as an antirheumatic by Dr. Stueve, or Frankfort,
who administered it in doses of 1 Gm. (15 gr.) fi-om one to six times daily, in a powder or
tablet. Amygdophenin occurs as a grayish-white, light, crystalline powder, very difficultly
soluble in water.
2

18 THE NEWER REMEDIES.

AMYL-ALCOHOL, TERTIARY. See Amylene Hydrate.
AMYLENE. SeePentaL

AMYLENE-CHLORAL.

This is dimethji-ethyl-carbinol-chloral, pre|>ared by fusing together molecular quantities
of chloral and amylene hydrate. It is an oily liquid, having a caraphor-Iike odor and a burning,
then cooling, taste. It is insoluble in water, but miscible to form clear solutions with alcohol,
ether, fatty and ethereal oils. Beoommended as a harmless hypnotic.

AMYLENE HYDRATE. (CH8)2:C: (C2H6)OH. Synonyms: Tertiary Amyl Alcohol;
Amylenura Hydratum ; Dimethyl-ethyl-carbinol.

This is one of the ei^ht possible alcohols of the general formula CsHnOH ; it is prepared
by the action of sulfuric acid upon amylene (C5H10), tne latter being obtained by the action of
dehydrating agents on isobutylcarblnol.

Amvlene hydrate is a colorless, limpid fluid of peculiar penetrating odor, similar to that
of peppermint. Its specific gravity is 0.815, and boiling-point is between 99°-103o C. (210°-217°
F.). It dissolves in eight parts of water, and is miscible with alcohol, ether, glycerin, and the
fatty oils.

Tertiary amyl alcohol is employed as a hypnotic in doses of 2-^ Gm. (30-60 gr.).

AMYL HYDRIDE. SeeHydramyl.

AMYL lODID. CjH„I.
Obtained bjr distillin
drying, and fractionating the distillate. Inhalant in treatment of dyspnea and heart affections.

Obtained by distilling a mixture of iodin, iso-amyl alcohol, and red phosphorus, washing,

the distillate. Inhalant in treatment of dyspnea and I

AMYL NITRITE, TERTIARY. (CH8)2C2H5 . C . O : NO.

According to Bals and Broglio, this tertiary nitrite possesses the same-action as the ordi-
nary amyl nitrite, but is free from the toxic character of the latter. Given in 5-drop doses, taken
on sugar.

AMYLOCARBOL.

An antiseptic solution consisting of crude phenol, 9 parts ; soap, 150 parts ; amyl alcohol, 160
parts ; water to make 1 liter.

AMYLOFORM.

A condensation product of formaldehyd with starch. It forms a white, ino^rous, non-
toxic powder, insoluble in all solvents; does not undergo decomposition under ISO^T). Becom-
mended as an antiseptic in place of iodoform. (D. B. P. Bhenauia.)

AMYLOIODOFORM.

A compound of starch, iodin, and formaldehyd, which constitutes a blue-black antiseptic
powder.

AMYL- VALERIAN ATE. CgHaOaCsHu. Synonyms: Apple Oil; Iso-amyl-valerianate.

This well-known ester is a colorless, ethereal liquid, which boils between 188*^ and 190° C.
It possesses a solvent action on cholesterin ; also exerts a specific stimulating and sedative action
on the liver in gall-stone colic. Usually administered in gelatin capsules containing 0.15 Gm.
(2.3 gr.).

ANACARDIC ACID. CssHgsOs.

A crystalline principle obtained from th» Anacardium occidentale (cashew nut). It forms
hygroscopic, crystalline masses, readily soluble in alcohol, melting at 26*^ C. (78.8° F.). Anacardic
acid is used as an anthelmintic, usually in the form of the ammonium salt.

ANADOL.

A proprietary antipyretic.

ANiESIN. (ANESON.)

A 1 per cent, aqueous solution of acetonchloroforra which, according to Dr. V&mossy, is
equivalent to a 28 per cent, solution of cocain as local anesthetic. When dropped upon the
cornea, local anesthesia lasted some time, subcutaneous injection rendered the parts entirely
insensible. Its use is free from all danger. In doses of 0.5 Gm. (8 gr.) it is an effective hypnotic.

ANiiESTHESIN.

An anesthetic introduced by the Farbenwerken in Hoechst.

ANAESTHETIC ETHER. See ^ther Anastheticus.

AN^STHYL. (ANESTYLE.)

A mixture of 5 parts of ethyl chlorid and 1 part of methyl-chlorid. Employed as a local
anesthetic spray.

ANAGYRINE HYDROBROMID. CnHigNaOsHBr.

This is a salt of the alkaloid obtained trova the seed of Anagyris ftxtida. It occurs as small,
white, shining scales, which are soluble in water and alcohol, and melt between 265° and 266° C.
Physiologic investigations by Hardy and others have proved anagyrin to be toxic. Used as a
heart-stimulant.

ANAL.

A remedy for piles.

THE NEWER REMEDIES. 19

ANALGENE. CoH6(OC9H5)(NHCOCeH5)N. Synonyms: Benzanalgene ; Ortho-«thoxy-ana^
mono-beDzoyl-amido-chinolin ; Ethoxy-ana-benzoyl-amido-chinolin ; Quiualgene; Labordin.

This body is obtained by introducing an ethyl and amido group into ortho-oxy-chinolin ;
into the resulting ortho-oxyethyl-amido-chinolin the benzoyl group is introduced by the action
of benzoyl chlorid.

Analgene forms white, tasteless crystals, melting at 208° C. (406.4° F.), insoluble in water,
readily soluble in alcohol. It is employed as an antineuralgic in doses of 0.6 to 1.0 Gm. (8-15
gr.). (D. R. P. Bayer.)

ANALGESIN. See Antipyrine.

ANALGIA.

Proprietary analgesic and antipyretic.

ANARCOTINE. Synonym for Narcotine.

A NASA LP I N . Synonym for anhydrous wool-fat.

ANASPALINE.

This consists of a mixture of wool-fat, with about 25 per cent, of petrolatum.

ANAZYME.

A chemic combination of boric and carbolic acids. Recommended as a succedaneum for
iodoform.

ANDA ASSU.

The fruit and seeds of a Brazilian euphorbiaceous plant. The seed is used as purgative in
liver affections, jaundice, dropsy, etc. Dose, 2 seeds beaten with water to an emulsion.

ANDIRA INERMIS.

A papilionaceous plant found in Mexico. Used as anthelmintic, purgative, and febrifuge.
Dose, y^\ ounce of a decoction ; 3-10 parts to 100 of water.

ANDUNEA.

A proprietary analgesic.

ANECTASIN. Synonym: Ectasin.

A product of bacterial action, having a contrary influence on the vaso-motor nerves.

ANEMIOPSISCALIFORNICA. SeeMansa.

ANEMONIN. CioHgO*. (CJisHijOe?) Synonym: Pulsatilla Camphor.

This is the active principle of the herbs Anemoni pulsatUla^ A, pratensis^ and Eanuncultu
acer, obtained by distilling an aqueous extract of the herb.

It occurs in colorless, crystalline needles, which melt at 152° C. (305.6° F.), and readily
dissolve in warm alcohol, ether, and the oils, being almost insoluble in water. Anemonin is
employed in treatment of whooping-cough, bronchitis, and asthma, in doses of 0.04-0.1 Gm.
(0.6-1.5 gr,).

AN ESI ME. SeeAneson.

ANESIN. SeeAneson.

ANESLEA PEBRIFUGA.

An extract of the above-named plant, given in doses of 2 Gm. in treatment of malaria.

ANESON, (CHa), : COH.CCla.

A trade name for tertiary tri-chlor-butyl alcohol or acetone-chloroform, which has been
brought out as a local anesthetic. After establishing its anesthetic powers and non-toxicity on
animals, experiments were made with 1-2 per cent, solutions on human subjects. It was found
useful in affections of the nose and larynx, in ophthalmology, minor surgery^ and dentistry.
Without being comparable to the effect produced by a 5 per cent, solution of cocam hydrochlorid,
it has sufficient anesthetic power to permit many operations. The solution has no irritating
action on the eyes, does not affect the iris, and causes no general inconvenience when injected in
quantities of 10-12 Pravaz syringefuls.

ANESTILE BENGN^.

A mixture of methyl and ethyl chlorids (1 :5) which is used as a local anesthetic. More
certain and less dangerous than ethyl chlorid alone.

ANETHOL. CSH6-C8H4-O-CH3. iSSs/nonyww; Para-allyl-phenyl-methyl-ether; Anise Camphor.

Anethol constitutes the main constituent of oil of anise. It occurs in colorless crystals,
melting at 22° C. (71.6° F.) and boiling at 234° C. (453° F.), soluble in alcohol and the oils, but
insoluble in water.

Anethol is employed as an antiseptic, also as a flavoring constituent in liquors, etc.

ANGELIC ACID. CHo (CH)a CHsCOOH.

A principle prepared from the root of Angelica archangelica. It forms monoclinic prisms,
of spicy odor, soluble in alcohol, ether, and hot water; melts at 45° C. (113° F.). Used as an
aromatic tonic.

ANGIONEUROSIN. See Nitroglycerin.

20 THE ^'E^^KH REMEDIES.

ANHALONINE. (CuHi^NO,).

An alkaloid from the Mexican cactaoea Anhaloniufn letcinii, which contains it in both
amorphous and crystalline forms. The crystalline base melts at 85^ C. (185° F.), soluble in alco-
hol and ether; the hydrochlorate is deliquescent and very soluble in water. Anhalonine is of
value in the treatment of angina pectoris, asthmatic dyspnea, and pneumothorax.

ANHYDRO-GLUCO-CHLORAL. See Chloralose.

ANILIPYRIN.

A condensation of one equivalent of aoetanilid and two equivalents of antipyrine, the pro>
duct being more soluble in water and less toxic than aoetanilid. The dose is 0.5 Gm., 8 to 4 times
daily as an antipyretic and analgesic.

A N I M AL EXTRACTS. See Organo-therapeutic Agents (Addenda).

Severally desifnated by Dr. W. A. Hammond as Oardine^ Cerebrine. MtduHine^ Mtuculine,
Ovaritie, Tettine^ and T^yroidine, are light-colored, clear liquids obtained by prolonged digestion
of the respective finely cfiopped organs of healthy animals in glycerin and alconol with boric acid.
The uniform dose for them all is 5 drops, to be taken on the tongue and allowed to be absorbed ;
or. as they are strictly aseptic, to be administered hypodermatically, 5 drops of the extract
diluted with an equal quantity of distilled water. Thus the peculiar principles in animal prepa-
rations are not subjected to impairment by the gastric juice.

ANISE-CAMPHOR. SeeAnethol.

ANISIC ACID. G6H4(OCH,)COOH. Synonym: Para-methoxy-benzoic Acid.

This is an isomer of methyl-salicylic acid, obtained by oxidation of anethol, a constituent
of oils of anise and fennel It forms colorless, prismatic crystals, which melt at 185° C. (365°
F.). It is insoluble in cold water, but very soluble in alcohol. Employed externally it possesses
antiseptic properties. Internally it exerts antipyretic and anti-rheumatic properties. It is
usually administered as the sodium salt.

SODIUM ANISA TE. This is obtained by neutralizing anisic acid with sodium carbonate
or bicarbonate. The commercial salt constitutes a hygroscopic, crystalline powder of less dis-
agreeable taste than the acid.

The dose is 1 Gm. (15 gr.).

PHENYLESTER OF ANISIC ACID. CeH^(OCHa)COsC6H6. This compound bears the
same relationship to anisic acid as salol does to salicylic acid. It is obtained oy the action of
phosphorus pentachlorid on a mixture of anisic acid and phenol.

It occurs as colorless crystals, which melt at 75° C. (167° F.), insoluble in water, but very
soluble in alcohol and ether.

It is employed in the treatment of neuralgia and rheumatism, in doses from 0.5-1 Gm.
(8-15 gr.).

ANISIDIN-CITRIC-ACID.

An analogous compound to phenetidin-citric acid. Used as analgesic in like doses.

ANNIDALIN. SeeAristoL

A N O D YN I N . ( ANODIN.) See Antipy rin.

ANOZOL. Synonym: Deodorous Iodoform.

A mixture of iodoform and thymol.
ANTALGIA.

A proprietary antipyretic and analgesic.

ANTA-PA-NA.

A proprietary demulcent and febrifuge.

ANTHION.

Potassium persulfate, used for removing the last traces of thiosulfate (Hypo) from
photographic plates or prints.

C(OH)
ANTHRAROBIN. QH* <| >CeH2(OH)2. -Si^nonynw; Dioxyanthrol; Desoxy-alizar

CH
rin ; Leuko-alizarin.

A phenol derivative related to chrysophanic acid, obtained by the reduction of alizarin.

Anthrarobin is a yellowish-white powder, insoluble in water, but very soluble in aqueous
solutions of the alkalies and alkaline earths. These alkaline solutions rapidly turn green, then
blue, through absorption of oxygen from the air, alizarin being reformed.

It is employea as a substitute for chrysarobin in skin diseases, usually as a 10-20 per cent,
ointment.

ANTIARTHRIN.

According to Thorns, this consists of 90 per cent, of salicin, to which has been added, in
view of masking the taste, roasted horse-chestnuts which have been treated with a little hydro-
chloric acid. Thorns considers It possible that a ferment might be present. Antiarthrin forms a
fawn-brown colored powder which has a strong, bitter taste and an empyreumatic odor. Used
in uric acid diathesis in doses of 1 Gm.

ANTI-BACILLARE.

A remedy for phthisis, consisting of a mixture of creosote, tolu balsam, glycerin, codein,
and sodium arsenate. Dose not known.

ANTIBACILLIN.

A proprietary disinfectant.

THE NEWER REMEDIES. 21

ANTIBACTERIN.

According to Aufrecht, this nontains boric acid, 6.25 parts ; liquor ferri chloridi, 1.5 parts ;
and spr. etheris chlorati to make 100 parts. It is a pale yellow acid fluid, of agreeable odor and
burning taste. Recommended as antiseptic inhaling agent in treatment of tuDerculosis, begin-
ning with 10 Gm. (150 ^r.) daily, iucreasing to 10 or 12 times the quantity.

Another preparation of this name consists of crude aluminum sulfate and soot.

ANTIBRULE.

A proprietary analgesic, antiseptic, and keratoplastic.

ANTICANCRIN.

A cancer serum.

ANTICAUSTICON.

A preparation of soluble glass.

ANTICHLORIN.

A proprietary article used in anemic conditions. It is known to contain bismuth formiate,
sodium bicarbonate, and glucose.

ANTICHL0R08.

A hematinic, used in chlorosis.

ANTICOL. SeeAntikol.
ANTICORNUTIN. SeeTopasoL

ANTICORVIN. SeeTopasol.

ANTIDIABETICUM. (GLYCOSOLVEOL.)

A preparation recommended for diabetes has been analyzed by Dr. Aufrecht and found to
be composed of about 82 per cent, of wheat starch, sulfur, sugar of milk, powdered senna
leaves, and fennel. Aocordinsr to the prospectus of the manufacturer, the remedy is the result of
a reaction between oxy-phenyl-propionic acid and peptone, and of a combination of theobromin
with the zymogen of trypsin.

ANTIDIABETINUM.

A mixture of maunite and saccharin, which is sold in three different strengths, indicated
by the numbers 70, 10, and 1, which give its intensity of sweetness as compared to sugar. Used as
a sugar substitute in diabetes.

ANTIDIPHTHERIN.

A sterilized solution containing cultures of diphtheria-bacillus, in addition 0.2 per cent, of
ortho-cresol and some glycerin. It occurs in commerce in two concentrations, one double and
the other four times the strength of the original culture-fluid. The stronger solution is
employed for painting the affected parts, while the weaker is used for hypodermic injection
Oi Cc.).

ANTIDIPHTHERIN (Klebs).

This preparation is designated by the letters A. D., and a given volume of it i^ ten times
as strong as the original culture-fluid. It is obtained from this, after removal of the bacilli, by
precipitation with alcohol.

ANTIDIPHTHERITICON.

Bokai's mixture of oil of birch (5), oil of beech (3), alcohol (90), potassium carbonate
(1), and potassium sulfid (5). Used as a diphtheria remedy.

ANTIDOLOR.

A proprietary anodyne.

ANTIDYSENTERICUM (Schwarz).

Consists of pills containing myrobolans powder, pelletierin, extracts of rose and pome-
granate, and gum arable. It is employed in dysentery and chronic diarrhea.

ANTIDYSPEPTICUM.

A bitartrate, containing also sodium carbonate, magnesia, ammonium chlorid, and
quinin. Recommended in sea-sickness.

ANTIFEBRIN. See Acetanilid.

ANTIFETOR.

A proprietary deodorizing powder.

ANTIFUNGIN.

A white powder, soluble in hot water, used as gargle in diphtheria.

ANTIHEMICRANIN. See Antimigraine.

22 THE NEWER REMEDIES.

ANTIHYDROPIN.

A crystalline body supposed to be derived from the common cockroach, recommended as a
diuretic in daily doses of 0.6-1.3 Gm. (10-20 gr.).

ANTIKAMNIA.

A proprietary remedy employed as an antipyretic and analgesic. Various analyses
have shown the presence of acetauilid, sodium bicarbonate, and caffeiu. Its dose is given as
0.3-0.6 6m. (6-10 gr.).

ANTIKOL.

A powder said to be a mixture of acetanilid, 75 parts; sodium bicarbonate, 17.6 parts;
and tartaric acid, 7.5 parts (Goldman). Dose, 0.2-0.6 Gm. (3-10 gr.).

ANTIMIGRAINE. Synonym: Antihemicranin.

A mixture of caffein, antipyrine, and sugar. Dose, 1^ Gm. (22 gr.) ; for children under
twelve, one-half the above.

ANTIMUCORIN. SeeTopasoL

ANTI-NAUSEA.

A remedy for sespsickness, said to contain cocain and antipyrine.

ANTINERVIN. '

A powder consisting of acetanilid, 60 parts ; ammonium bromid, 25 parts ; and salicylic
acid, 26 parts (Squibb).

It 18 employed as an antinervin and antipyretic, in doses of 0.5 Gm. (8gr.).

ANTINONNIN.

Consists chiefly of the potassium salt of ortho-di-nitro-cresol. See under Cresol.

ANTINOSIN.

The sodium salt of uosophen. See under Nosophen.

ANTIPARASITIN.

An insect exterminator, containing potassium dinitrocresol.

ANTIPERONOSPORIN. SeeTopasol.

ANTIPHTHISIN. (SOZALBUMOSE.)

A fluid prepared from tubercular bacilli cultures after a patented process, to which 0.5 per
cent, of cresol has be«n added. To be used in tuberculosis.

ANTIPHYTOSIN.

A tuberculin-like preparation used by Prof. Klebs.

ANTIPYLUS.

A preparation for removing hair without pain or injury.

A N T I P YO N I N . Synonym : Sodium Tetraborate.

A polyborate of sodium, recommended as a remedy in inflammation of the cornea and
conjunctiva. It is a fine white powder of greasy ft^ling, freely soluble in water, and devoid of
caustic action.

ANTIPYRALGOS.

A proprietary antipyretic and anodyne.

ANTIPYRINE. CnHijNoO. Synonyms: Analgesin ; Anodynin ; Parody n ; Oxy-diraethyl-
chiuizin ; Phenazon ; Phenyl-dimeth^l-pyrazolon ; Phenylon ; Salazolon ; Sedatin ; Di-methyl
phenyl-pyrazolon ; Methozine; Pyrazine; Pyrazolin. (D. R. P. Iloechst.)

This is a synthetic base, obtained by the action of aceto-acetic-ester on phenyl-hydrazin,
the resulting piienyl-niethyl-pyrazolon being methylated.

Antipyrine occurs in colorless and odorless crvstals, which melt between 112^-113° C.
(233.6^-235.4° F.), and are readily soluble in water and alcohol.

Its solutions are turned a green color on addition of nitrous acid (Sp. Athens Nitrosi),
and a deep red color on addition of ferric chlorid (Tr. Ferri Chloridi). Because of its strongly
basic properties antipyrine presents a number of incompatibles.

The following is a list of the more important of these :

Acidum Hydrocyanicura Dil.

Acidum Tannicum. All galenic preparations free from alcohol containing tannin form
insoluble precipitates.

Acidum Garbolicum ; either one precipitates the other from solution.

Chloral Hydrate and Butyl Chloral.

Ferri Sulfas.

Ferric Salts in solution (red color). Does not interfere with medicinal properties.

Liquor Arsenii et Hydrargyri lodidi ; insoluble precipitate.

Mercurous and Mercuric Chlorid. Calomel when triturated with antipyrine yields corro-
sive sublimate.

Nitrites in solution (green color). Iso-nitroso-antipyrine formed ; medicinal action same
as antipyrine.

Sodii Bicarbonas.

Tinctura lodi; insoluble precipitate.

When triturated with chloral, phenyl-urethane, beta-napthol, or sodium salicylate, it
forms a pasty or liquid mass.

THE NEWER REMEDIES. 23

Antipyrine increases the solubility of caffein and quinin salts in water.

Internally it is employed as an antipyretic, antirheumatic, and antiueuralgic in doses of
1-2 Gm. (15-30 gr.) for adults, and 0.2-0.6 Gm. (3-8 gr.) for children. Externally, antipyrine is
used as an antiseptic and hemostatic.

Antipyrine, being a basic body, readily unites with acids to form salts, a number of which
have been introduced into medicine.

ANTIPYRINE BICHLORAL. See Dichloral-antipyrine.

ANTIPYRINE MANDELATE. See Tussol.

ANTIPYRINE-META-OXYBENZOATE.

Prepared by mixing a concentrated alcoholic solution of meta-oxybenzoic acid with an
aqueous solution of antipyrine. It is a liquid under ordinary conditions.

ANTIPYRINE-PARA-OXYBENZOATE.

Prepared in a manner similar to the meta-oxybenzoate. It forms crystals, which melt
between 78° and %2° G. Soluble in 130 parts of cold water, very soluble in boiling water and
alcohol, slightly soluble in ether.

ANTIPYRINE SALICYLATE. See Salipyrin, under Antipyrin.

ANTIPYRINE-SALOL.

Obtained by fusing together equal quantities of salol and antipyrine, and heating until the
fluid turns a brown color and remains fluid on cooling. It is recommended as an antiseptic ; also
as a valuable hemostatic in uterine hemorrhages, applied by means of cotton tampons.

ANTIPYRINE TANNATE.

Prepared as follows: 8.8 Gm. of antipyrine are dissolved in 10 Cc. of distilled water and
1.88 Gm. of tannin are separately dissolved in a like Quantity of distilled water. The two solu-
tions are then mixed, when the tannate is thrown down as a white, caseous precipitate. This
precipitate is then dried bv means of a gentle heat, and reduced to powder by trituration. The
result is a yellowish, tasteless powder, insoluble in water. This powder is decomposed into its
constituent parts on the addition of acids. It is said to contain 87 per cent, of antipyrine and
67 per cent, of tannin.

ANTIRHEUMATICUM (Kamm).

This compound of sodium salicylate and methylene-blne (q. v.) forms blue, prismatic crys-
tals, soluble in water and alcohol. Riecommended as an antirheumatic, in doses ot 0.06-0.09 Gm.

ANTIRHEUMATIN.

An ointment containinff fluorphenetol, 1 part ; diflnordiphenyl, 4 parts ; vaselin, 10 parts ;
and wool-fat, 85 parts ; used in rheumatism, lumbago, and influenza. Not to be confused with
*' Antirheumaticum" (Kamm).

ANTISCABIN.

A secret remedy for the itch, which has been found to consist of balsam Peru, soap, gly-
cerin, boric acid, alcohol, and betarnapthol. It is a soap-like mass, directed to be used exter-
nally two or three times daily.

ANTISEMICRANIN.

A mixture of antipyrine, caffein, and sugar.

ANTISEPSINE. C8H4BrNH-CHgCO. Synonyms: Asepsine; Pararbrom-acetanilid ; p-Mono-
brom-phenyl-acetamid.

Antisepsine is obtained by adding bromin, in molecular proportions, to a solution of acetan-
ilid in glacial acetic acid ; the white precipitate formed is recrystallized from alcohol. It forms
colorless crystals, which melt between 165° and 166° C. (329°-330.8° F.). It is but slightly soluble
in water, more so in alcohol. Its properties are those of an antipyretic, in doses of 3-10 gr. ; it is
also of value in muscular rheumatism and neuralgia. Not to be confounded with a mixture of
zinc sulfate, zinc iodid, thymol, and boric acid, called '* Antiseptin."

ANTISEPTIC LAMINARIA PENCILS.

Prepared by impregnation with a solution of 10 parts of iodoform in 100 parts of ether, or
with a 1 per cent, solution of corrosive sublimate in absolute alcohol or ether.

ANTISEPTIC VARNISH.

Nicaise recommends as a substitute for collodion the following mixture : Pulverized lac,
60 parts ; balsam of tolu, 5 parts ; thymol, 1.5 parts ; alcohol, 50 parts ; ether, 100 parts.

ANTISEPTIKON.

A dental antiseptic.

ANTISEPTIN (Radlauer).

A mixture containing about 85 parts of zinc sulfate, 2.5 parts of thymol, 2.5 parts of zinc
iodid, and 10 parts of boric acid. Recommended as an antiseptic. This should not be con-
founded with antisepsin or antlseptol.

ANTISEPTIN.

Another preparation having this name is a patented mixture of sodium or potassium sili-
cate (2 parts) and n 0.1 per cent, solution of mercuric chlorid (1 part), intended for the preser-
vation of wood by impregnation.

24 THE NEWER REMEDIES.

ANTI8EPTOL. (Chemic formula unoertain.) Sytwnynit: Autiseptolum ; Cinchonio-hera-
patbit; GinohoDin lodosulfate.

To a Bolution of 25 parts of cinchonin sulfate in 2000 parts of water is added a solution of
10 parts of iodin and 10 parts of potassium iodid in water. The precipitate, collected, washed,
and dried, constitutes a red-brown powder, which is insoluble in water, but very soluble in
alcohol ana chloroform. It contains about 50 per cent, of iodin.

Antiseptol is employed as a substitute for iodoform.

ANTISPASMIN. CjaH^NOgNa + 3CflH4 (OH) COONa.

This is a double salt of narcein sodium and salicylate of sodium. It forms a white,
slightly hygroscopic powder, which dissolves readily in water. The compound contains about
50 per cent, of narcein and has an alkaline reaction. Antispasmin is a hypnotic and sedative,
being administered in doses of 0.01-0.1 Gm. {\-i^ gr.).

ANTISTREPTOCOCCIN (Marmorekin).

A serum-preparation used as a remedy against erysipelas.

ANTISUDORIN.

(Composed of boric, citric, and salicylic acids, borax, glycerin, alcohol, several ethers, and
distilled water. Used for perspiring feet.

ANTITETRAIZIN.

A derivative of quinin, recommended by Zambeletti in treatment of neuralgia, influenza,
etc., in doses of 0.2-0.25 Gm. (3-4 gr. ).

ANTITHERMAL.

A proprietary febrifuge.

ANTITHERMIN. CH3C(C«H6N,H)C8H4COOH. Synmym: Phenylhydrazin-levulinicAcid.

This compound is obtained by interaction between a solution of phenylhydrazin in acetic
acid and levulinic acid. It occurs in colorless, tasteless crystals, which melt at 108° C. (226.4°
F. ) ; almost insoluble in cold water.

Antithermin is employed as an antipyretic in pulmonary phthisis and morbus Brightii,
the dose being 0.2 Gm. (3 gr. ).

ANTITOXIN. See Diphtheria Antitoxin.

ANTITOXIN, ARTIFICIAL.

An antitoxin prepared by passing an electric current through a toxic bouillon. Employed
in diphtheria.

ANTITOXINE.

A proprietary antipyretic, not to be confounded with the generic term "Antitoxin," the
blood-serum of immunized animals.

ANTITUSSIN. (C«H4F)2. Synonym: Difluordiphenyl.

Used in whooping-cough as a calmative and hypnotic, only externally, in form of
ointment.

ANTIVENIN. (ANTIVENENE.)

Prepared from the serum of animals immunized to snake poison. Used as antidote for
snake bites.

ANTROPHORE.

Medicated bougies prepared after following formula: Tannin, 5 per cent. ; resorcin, 5 per
cent. ; thallin sulf., 2-5 per cent. ; zinc sulf., 0.5 per cent. Make into bougies with cacao-butter.

ANUSOL.

Suppositories which contain cacao-butter, balsam of Peru, zinc oxid, resorcin, and bis-
muth oxy-iodid. Recommended in tenesmus, catarrh of the rectal mucosa, anal fissure,
pruritus, etc.

ANYTIN.

A 33 per cent, solution of ichthyolsulfonic acid and an aromatic, oily, sulfo-corapound
present in ichthyol. Forms a brownish-black, hygroscopic powder, which is very soluble in
water and contains 16.5 per cent, of sulfur and 4.5 per cent, of ammonia. Incompatible (in
solution) with acids and alkalies.

ANYTOL.

A preparation similar to creolin (Artmann) ; used as antiseptic and disinfectant. Other-
wise stated to be a purified ichthyol.

APHANIZON.

A paste for removing spots from clothing, put up in tin tubes containing about y^ oz. A
preparation closely resembling it and equally efficacious may be made from burnt magnesia,
exsiccated alum, powdered soap, napthalin, benzol, and alcohol. Powdered sodium stearate
may be used instead of soap.

APIOL. C12H14O4.

A stearoptene obtained from the fruit of Petroaelinum sativum. The alcoholic extract of
the fruit is reduced to extractive consistence and the extract washed with ether, in which the
apiol dissolves, and on evaporation of the ether crystallizes. The so-called liquid apiol is merely
an alcoholic extract of the parsley fruit.

THE NEWER REMEDIES. - 26

Apiol forms colorless needles, of feeble, parsley-like odor, melting at 32° G. (89.6° F.),
insoluble in water, very soluble in alcohol, ether, iixed and volatile oils.

It is employed as an antiperiodic and in dysmenorrhea. Dose, 0.25 Gm. (4 gr.).

APIOLIN.

Obtained by saponifying and distilling the impure oil of the Apiolum viride. A yellow,
neutral fluid, of sp. gr. 1.135 and boiling-point 280°-300° C, soluble in alcohol. Kecommended
in menostatic troubles in doses of 2 or 3 capsules daily ; each capsule contains 0.2 Gm.

APOCODEIN HYDROCHLORID. CigHi^Or-HCl. Synmym: Apocodeinum Hydro-
chloricum.

This is prepared from codein in a manner analogous to the manufacture of apomorphin
from morphin. Apocodein hydrochlorid forms an amorphous, vellowish powder, soluble in
alcohol and water. Its properties are similar to those of apomorphin, it being employed as an
expectorant in doses of 0.06-0.08 Gm. {l-V^ gr.).

APOCYNUM CANNABINUM.

This remedy consists of an alcoholic extract of the roots of the above plant. Used in place
of digitalis, decreasing the pulse action and increasing the secretion of urine.

APOLYSIN. C6H4<^§5»Q^^,Qjjj^^QQjjj^ Mono-phenetidin-citric Acid. (D. R. P.
V. Hey den ^)

A substance approaching phenacetin very closely in its chemic composition, containing
the citric acid radical instead of acetic, as in phenacetin. It appears as a yellowish-white cry»>
talline powder, soluble in 50 parts of cold and 25 parts of hot water, in glycerin, concentrated
nitric and sulfuric acids, etc. In its physiologic action, etc., it resembles phenacetin very
closely, lowering the temperature and allaying pain, and is said to be free from the unpleasant
after-effects of tuat substance (phenacetin). Dose, 0.5-1.5-6 Gm. (8.24-90 gr.) a day.

APON.

A concentrated extract of capsicum, recommended by Poulet as external application in
rheumatism.

APYONIN.

A yellow, crystalline powder, introduced as a sul>stitute for auramin for use in oplithalmic
surgery. It is slightly soluble in water and readily in alcohol. Used in.l per cent, solution.

AQUOZON.

A 2.5 per cent, aqueous solution of ozone, containing hypophosphites.

ARABINOCHLORALOSE.

A hypnotic prepared by Richel, which is free from the tetanic effect of chloralose.

ARAN'S ETHER. See Ethyl idene Chlorid.

A R B U T I N , (CisHibOt), + HaO.

A glucosid obtained from the leaves of the bearberry {Arctostaphylos uva ursi).

It occurs in colorless, silky needles, which melt at 170° C. (338° F.), soluble in 8 parts of
cold water and 16 parts of alcohol. Arbutin is employed in diseases of the kidneys and urinary
tract, being given in doses up to 5 Gm. (75 gr.).

ARECOLIN. CgHisNOg.

A liquid alkaloid obtained from the betel-nut ( A reca catechu). It is a strongly alkaline
liquid, miscible with water, alcohol, or ether ; boiling at 220° C. (428° F.).

Arecolin is employed as an anthelmintic, in doses of 0.003-0.004 Gm. {^^gX.). Great
care should be observed in its administration, as it is a powerful heart poison.

The hydrochlorid of arecolin, a soluble crystalline salt melting at 167° C, is also employed
for the same purposes as the above.

It is in the market only in the form of hydrobromid. Arecolin is stated to be ten times
stronger as a laxative than pilocarpin, and fully as powerful as eserin. It also contracts the
pupil of the eye ; used for this purpose in 1 per cent, solution of the hydrobromid.

ARGENTAMIN. Synonym: Ethylene-diamin-silver-phosphate. (D. R. P. Schering.)

An antiseptic, employed in gonorrhea. It is a solution of silver phosphate in aqueous
solution of ethyleudiamin. In the preparation of this the manufacturers have sought to pre-
sent an antiseptic which does not precipitate albumin, held in solution in a non-corrosive and
non-toxic solvent. It has been found that the antiseptic power of strong alkaline solvents is
greater than simple aqueous solutions, since the alkalies dissolve the membrane of the micro-
organism ; as organic bases adapted to this purpose are ethylendiamin and alkyl derivatives,
piperazin, etc. As antiseptics which, in conjunction with these organic bases, do not precipi-
tate albumin, are phenol, cresol, thymol, napthol, guaiacol, and silver salts. The solutions are
prepared thus, after the patent: 10 parts or ethylendiamin are dissolved in 500 parts of water,
adding 10 parts of freshly dissolved cresol. Where creosote or guaiacol is employed, it is better
to use a larger amount of the base (ethylendiamin). For the preparation of tne silver solutions
10 parts of silver phosphate (nitrate or chlorid) are added slowly, with constant stirring, to a
solution of 10 parts of the base in 100 parts of water. Solution is made 1 : 1000 or 5000.

ARGENTOL. C»Il6N.OH.S08Ag. Synonym: Oxy-chinolin-sulfonate of silver.

A compound of quinaseptol and silver. Succedaneum for iodoform for wounds, skin diseases,
syphilitic sores, etc., in ointment (1 or 2 : 100) and in solution (1 to3 : 1000), for gonorrhea. In
presence of septic matters, it is split up into oxy-quinolin and metallic silver.

ARGININE. C«Hi4NH0a.

A substance produced by the action of hydrochloric acid on proteins ; also found in plants

26 THE NEWER REMEDIES.

ARGONIN. (D. R P. Hoechst.)

A compound of silver (4 per cent.), caaein, and alkali, prepared by adding a solution
of the sodium compound of casein to a solution of sllyer nitrate, and precipitating the newly
formed body by the addition of alcohol. The reaultinc white powder must be free from nitric
acid and alkali. Argonin is insoluble in cold, but readily soluble in hot water; its solutions must
be kept away from the light. It is incompatiole with acids. Employed as a powerful bactericide
in gonorrhea, etc. Strength of solution employed is from 1 to 7 : 1000.

ARISTOL. ^T>C«Ha(OI)-(OI)H,C«<^^»* Sywrnytnt: Annidalin; Di-iodo-dithymol ; Di-
thymol-iodid. (!). R. P. Bayer.)

To a solution of 5 parts of thymol and 1.2 parts of sodinm-hrdrate in 10 parts of water,
add gradually, with constant stirring, a solution of 6 parts of iodin and 9 parts of potassium )
iodid in 10 parts of wat-er. The precipitate is washed with water and dried at low temperature.
See also Proceed. Am. Phar. Ass'n, 1892, p. 983. Aristol forms a pale chocolate-colored amor-
phous powder, insoluble in water and glycerin, slightly soluble in alcohol, readily in ether and
collodion ; light and heat cause its decomposition. Aristol contains 45.8 per cent, of iodin.
This compound was introduced as a substitute for iodoform, possessing the advantage of being
odorless. Ointments containing it are usually prepared of the stren^ of 5 to 10 per cent. ;
other forms of applying it are solutions in oils, ether, and collodion.

AROMATIN.

A preparation intended to replace hops. Said to be scraped gentian root.

AROPHENE.

A proprietary dental anesthetic.

ARSEN-HEMOL.

A preparation of hemol, containing 1 per cent, of arsenous acid. It forms a brown powder
that behaves chemically like the other metallic compounds of hemol. It is highly recommended
in neurologic and dermatol<^ic practice. Best administered in pills of 0.1 6m. (1>^ gr.),
made with extract of licorice. Dose, 3-10 pills daily. See also under Hemol.

ARTHRITICIN. C»H4.(O.CH6).N:(CH,).NH(CHs).NHa.CO.

Appears in tablets, insoluble in cold, solijble in hot, water ; used as disinfectant.

ASAPROL. (CiQH«.OH.SOs)sCa -}- 3HsO. Synonyms: Beta-napthol-alphaF-mono-sulfonate of
calcium ; Abrastol.

This is prepared by saturating an aqueous solution of beta-napthol-a raonosulfonic acid
with calcium carbonate, evaporating, and crystallizing the salt. Asaprol forms a colorless to
pale reddish inodorous powder, which is soluble in 1^ parts of water and 3 parts of alcohol.

It is employed as an antipyretic and analgesic, particularly in acute muscular rheumatism
and typhus, in doses of 0.3-1 6m. ()^-15 ^r. ) four or five times daily. Incompatibles are sulfates,
bicaroonates, iodids, autipyrine, ana quinin. «

ASBOLINE.

Prepared from pine-root. Yellowish oil consisting principally of pyrocatechol and its
homologues. Antitubercular.

ASEPSINE. See Antisepsine.

ASEPTIC ACID.

This should not be confounded with aseptol, asepsin, or antisepsin. Aseptic acid is an
a<)ueous solution of 5 6m. boric acid in 1000 6m. of hydrogen peroxid (1.6 per cent.) with or
without the addition of 3 6m. of salicylic acid (Thoms).

The properties of this solution are antiseptic.

ASEPTOL. C«H4 <^^^jj (^)- <Si^nony«w; Acidum Sozolicum; Sozolic Acid; Ortho-phenol-

sulfonic Acid ; Ortbo-sulfo-carbolic Acid.

Equal parts of concentrated sulfuric acid and phenol are mixed, the two liquids being kept
at as low a temperature as possible; otherwise, at higher temperature the para-acid forms instead
of the ortho. After standing several davs it is poured into water and neutralized with barium
carbonate ; the barium sulfate is filtered off, the nitrate containing the barium salt of sozolic acid.
The barium is removed from this compound by careful addition of sulfuric acid.

Aseptol is a 333^ per cent, solution of ortho-phenol-sulfonic acid, its specific gravity being
1.155 ; it possesses a feeble odor resembling phenol. On long standing it gradually goes over into
the para compound. Aseptol is employed as an antiseptic wash in 10 per cent, solution. Its
solutions in glycerin, oil, or alcohol are inactive. It is administered internally as an anti-
fermentive in like doses as salicylic acid.

ASEPTOLIN,

A solution which contains 2.74 per cent, of phenol and 0.018 per cent, of pilocarpin. Used
subcutaneously in phthisis.

ASIMINUM.

A white, inodorous, and tasteless powder, insoluble in water, soluble in ether and alcohol.
Used as emetic, dose unknown.

ASPARAGIN. CaHg (NHj) <Sqqh* + HoO. Synonyms: Asparaniid ; Amido-succino-amid.

A crystalline principle which occurs in asparagus and raarshmallow root, being obtained
from the latter by evaporating the aqueous extract to a concentrated volume and crystallizing.

Asparagin forms colorless crystals, which are only slightly soluble in cold water and
alcohol.'

It is employed as a diuretic in doses of 0.05-0.1 6m. (0.7-1.5 gr.).

THE NEWER REMEDIES. 27

ASP ARAM ID. See Asparagin.

ASPAROL.

A liquid extract of Asparagus ojgicinalis, of dark brown color, a pleasant, faintly alcoholic
odor, and a sweetish, saline taste.

It should not be confounded with Asaprol, an entirely different substance.

ASPIDIN. (CnHsrO?).

A poisonous constituent of the ethereal extract of male fern. Uses not known.

A8PIDOSPERMIN. C^M^StOt.

An alkaloid isolated from the bark of A^idosperma quebracho. It occurs in colorless crys-
tals, which are insoluble in water but soluble in about 48 parts of alcohol. It is employed in
the treatment of asthma, dyspnea, emphysema, etc., iu doses of 0.0015 Gm. (^ gr.).

ATHANON.

A proprietary disinfectant.

ATHEROSPERMA MOSCHATA. (AUSTRALIAN SASSAFRAS TREE.)

The bark Mrves as diuretic, diaphoretic, and sedative in asthma, bronchitis, and heart dis-
eases. Dose of tincture, 30-60 drops. The oil of the bark, in doses of 1-3 drops every 6 hours,
acts as a diaphoretic and diuretic.

ATROPIN 8TEARATE. CitHmNO,. CtH^CO. OH.

Obtained either by direct combination of atropin and stearic acid, or by double deoompo-
sition of atropin hydrochlorid and sodium stearate. It contains, when pure, 60.4 per cent, of
atropin. A 0.2 per cent, solution in almond oil is considered an excellent substitute for oil of
belladonna or oil of hyoscyamus, and for extract of belladonna in ointments (0.1 6m. of stearate
to 60 Gm. of petrolatum) and in suppositories (0.002 Gm. to 2.6 Gm. of cacao-butter).

ATROSCIN. Ci,HaN04.

An alkaloid obtained from Secpolia atropoides^ isomeric with hyoscin. It is characterized
by'having a lower rotatory power than the latter, and in being from 2 to 4 times stronger iu
mydriatic effect. In cases of iritis it is also more powerful.

A U R A MINE. See Pyoktaninum Aureum.

AUREOL.

Contains menthol, 1 per cent. ; amido-phenol-chlorhydrate, 0.3 per cent. ; mono-amido-
diphenylamin, 0.6 per cent.; dissolved in 50 per cent, alcohol which contains 1-2 per cent, of
sodium sulfite. Used as a hair dye; prepared oy Scbvarzlose Soehne, Berlin.

AURUM CYANATUM. AuGn. Synonyms: Gold Cyanid; Aureus Cyanid.

A yellow, insoluble powder, given in doses of 0.004-0.016 Gni. in "tabes dorsalis."

AURUM KALIUM BROMATUM. See Potassio Auric Bromid.

AURUM MONOBROMATUM. AuBr.

A yellowish-green, readily pulverizable mass, insoluble in water. Recommended as specific
in epilepsy in adult doses of 8-12 mg. daily ; for children, 8-6 mg.

AURUM TRICYANATUM. AuCCn), + 3H,0.

Forms large, colorless, soluble crystals. Used in lung tuberculosis. Dose, 0.004 to 0.016 Gm.
several times daily.

AURUM V EG ETABILE. See Pipitzahoinic Acid.

AYAPANA.

This drug consists of the leaves of Eupatorium triplinerve, better known as Eupatorium
ayaparM. The habitat of the plant is tropic America. It is used there, particularly in Brazil, as
a universal household remedy, and is even recommended for snake bite and cholera. In the dry
state it has an agreeable odor and a feebly aromatic, slightly bitter, and astringent taste. Where-
ever introduced, its use in form of infusion is adhered to. In Java, Mauritius, Ceylon, India,
and other countries it is used in that form externally for wounds and abscesses; internally, for
stomach disturbances. The action of the drug is stimulant, diaphoretic, and stomachic. It is
recommended as a substitute for tea, coffee, or cocoa.

BACILLIN.

A proprietary deodorizer and disinfectant.

BALSAMUM CAPARRAPI.

An aromatic balsam, obtained from the Lauras giganteus. Used in chronic catarrh.

BARIUM LORETINATE, NEUTRAL. Ba(I.OH.C«H4N.S08)j i- 2XH2O.
Lustrous, orange-colored needles, readily soluble in water. See Loretin.

BAVAROL.

A reddish-brown liquid of aromatic tarry odor, recommended as a disinfectant in 5 per
cent, solution.

BEBEERIN. Ci^HsiNOs. ^jmonyms ; Bibrin; Buxin; Pelosin.

An alkaloid prepared from the Buxus sempervirenx. A white, amorphous powder, bitter
taste, insoluble in water, readily so in alcohol. Uned as substitute for quinin. Dose, 0.05-0.1 Gm.
(0.7-1.5 gr.). Bebeerin sulfate is readily soluble in water.

28 THE NEWER REMEDIES,

BENSOLYPTU8.

An alkaline, antiseptic, and propbjiactic fluid, recommended aa a wash in treatment of
catarrhal affections of the mucous membranes.

BEN Z AC ET I N . C«H«c-C%ll Synonym : Aoet-amido-ethvI-salicyUc Acid.

\NH.CHaCO.

This compound forms colorless crystals, melting at 2I0BP C. (401° F.), and almost insoluble
in water, fieoommended as an aiitineuralgio, in doses of 0.5-1 Gm. (8-15 gr.).

BENZANALQENE. SeeAnalgene.

BENZANILID. CANHCOCfHc. Synonym: Benzoyl-anilid.

Obtained by the action of benzoyl chlorid on anilin in the presence of caustic soda. It
forms colorless crystals, insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol, melting at 163° C. (325.4° F.).

Benzanilid is employed as an antipyretic suitable for children, the dose being 0.1-0.5 Gm.
(1.5-3 gr.), according to age.

BEN ZO -lODO-HYDRIN. Synonym : Glyceryl-chlor-iodo-benaoate.

Prepared by mixing benzoyl iodid and epichlorhydrin. It is a brown, fatty mass, soluble
in ether, alcohol, and petroleum oils, insoluble in glycerin. When heated to 100° G. (212° F.), it
is decomposed with separation of iodiii. It is proposed as a substitute for potassium iodid.
Mixed in proportion of 32.5 parts with 1000 parts of sugar, a teaspoonfuiof the mixture is equiv-
alent to 1 Gm. of potassium iodid. Stated to be equal in therapeutic effect to the latter, and
not to cause iodism. Given in the same doses as potassium iodid.

BENZO-NAPTHALIN. See Napthalin Benzoate.

BENZO-NAPTHOL. CaH^COs-C^ioHt. Synonym*: Beta-napthol Benzoate; Benzoyl-beta-
napthol.

This compound is analogous to betol (naptho-salol), being a napthyl ester of benzoic
acid (CeHsCOsH), and in obtained by the action of benzoyl chlorid on beta-napthol. Benzo-
napthol occurs in crystalline needles, or powder, inodorous, tasteless, insoluble in water, soluble
in alcohol and chloroform, melts at 110° C. (230° F.). Employed as an Intestinal antiseptic in
doses of 0.25-0.5 Gm. (4-8 gr.), being split up in the intestines into beta-napthol and benzoic acid.

BENZ0-PARA-CRE80L. C«H4(CH3)(CO-C«H5).

Prepared by action of benzoyl chlorid on the sodium salt of para-cresol. Insoluble in
water; soluble in ether and hot alcohol; melts at 70° C. (158° F.). Properties antiseptic. Itose,
0.25Gm. (4gr.).

BENZO-PHENONEID.

Non-irritant germicide similar to pyoktanin. Used in corneal ulcers, purulent keratitis,
etc. Soluble in 100 parts of water.

BENZOSOL. CftH4<Xln il r<#^ ^nonynu; Guaiacol Benzoate; Benzoyl-guaiacol. (D. R.
P. Hoechst.) tM.eti6.i>u.

This is a compound of guaiacol, in which a hydrogen atom of its hydroxyl is replaced by
benzoyl. It is obtained by the action of benzoyl chlorid on the sodium salt of guaiacol. Benzo-
sol occurs as a colorless, crystalline powder, inodorous, tasteless, melting at 59° C. (138.2° F. ) ;
insoluble in water, readily soluble in alcohol. It contains 64 per cent, of guaiacol.

It is employed as an antiseptic in the treatment of phthisis, the dose being 0.25-0.5 Gm.
(4-8 gr.).

BENZOYL-AMIDO-PHENYL-ACETIC ACID.

Obtained by adding benzoyl chlorid to a warmed solution of amido-phenyl acetic acid in
a 25 per cent, solution of sodium hydrate, then pouring the product into well-diluted hydro-
chloric acid. The resulting precipitate is washed and driea. This compound forms white
needles, the alkali salts of wliicb are very soluble and exert a disinfecting action upon the intes-
tinal tract.

BENZOYL-ANILID. See Benzanilid.

BENZOYL-BETA-NAPTHOL. See Benzo-naptbol.

benzoyl-e;uqenol. (C8H6.C6H8(och3)co,c,H5).

Prepared by the action of benzoic acid on eugenol ; it occurs in acicular crystals, melting
at 70.5° C. (159° F.). free from odor and taste, insoluble in water, readily soluble in alcohol and
ether. Recommended as an anti-tubercular. Dose, 0.5-1 Gm. (7.5-15 gr.).

BENZOYL-GLYCOCOLL. SeeHippuric Acid.
BENZOYL-GUAIACOL. SeeBenzosol.
BENZOYL-MORPHIN. See Peronin.

BENZOYL-PARA-CRESOL. Synonym: Benzo-para-cresol. CftH4(CH8)C00.C«H6.

Obtained by the action of benzoyl chlorid on para-cresol in alkaline solution. Occurs in
colorless crystals melting at 70° G. (158° F.), insoluble in water and slightly soluble in alcohol.
Recommended as intestinal antiseptic in doses of 0.25 Gm. (4 grl).

BENZOYL-PSEUDO-TROPEIN HYDROCHLORID. See Tropa-cocain Hy-
drochlorid.

BENZOYL-SULFONIC-IMID. SeeSaccharin.

THE NEWER REMEDIES, 29

BENZOYL-TANNATE.

Forma a yellowiBh, granular, insoluble powder.

BENZOYL-TROPEINE.

Silky needles forming soluble salts. Local anesthetic.

BENZOYL-VINYL-DIACETONE-ALKAMIN. SeeEucaineB.

BETA EUCAINE. See under Eucaine.

BETA-NAPTHOL-ANTIPYRINE. See Napthopyrine.

BETA-N APTHOL-BENZOATE. See Benzo-napthol.

BETA-NAPTHOL-CAMPHOR. See Napthol-camphor.

BETA-N APTHOL-CARBON ATE. See Napthol-carbonate.

BETA-NAPTHOL-DISULFONATE OP ALUMINUM. SeeAlumnol.

BETA-NAPTHOL-MONOSULFONATE OF CALCIUM. See Asaprol.

BETA-PHENETIDYL-CROTONIC-ETHYL ESTER. SeePhenetidyl.

BETA-PHENYL-ACRYLIC ACID. See Phenyl Acrylic Acid.

BETA-PHENYL-PROPIONIC ACID. See Phenyl Propionic Acid.

BETA-RESALGIN. SeeResalgin.

BETOL. C6H4 (OH) COO.C10H7. Symnyma: Napthalol; Napthosalol; Salinapthol; Salicylic^
uapthylether.

Salol and betol are derivatives of salicylic acid, differing from one another in that in the
former a hydrogen atom of the salicylic acid is replaced by a phenyl group (GftH^), while in the
latter it is replaced by a napthyl group (CioH?). Betol is prepared by heating together a mix-
ture of beta-napthol-sodium, sodium salicylate, and phosphorus oxyonlorid. It forms a white,
inodorous, and tasteless, crystalline powder, which melts at 95° C. (203° F.), almost insoluble in
water, but dissolving readily in alcohol and ether. Betol is employed as an intestinal antiseptic ;
it is also of value in treatment of vesical catarrh and articular rheumatism. The dose is 0.3-0.5
Gm. (5-8 gr.).

ALPHOL is the corresponding salicylic ester of alpha-napthol.

It is employed in doses of 0.5-1 Gm. (8-15 gr.) in treatment of articular rheumatism and
gonorrheic affections.

BETULINAR.

This is a solution bearing the following formula on the label : Solution of salicyl-menthol-
bctnlin, 11 parts; boroglyceriu, 19 parts; tincture of birch, 20 parts; aromatic birch water, 50
parts.

BIBRIN. SeeBebeerin.

BI-CHLORAL-ANTIPYRINE. See under Antipyrine.

BILINEURIN. SeeCholin.

BISMAL. 4C,5HiAo + 3Bi(OH)8. (D. R. P. Merck. )

The bismuth salt of methylene-digallic acid, the latter being a condensation product of
formaldehyd and eallic acid. Bismal is prepared by digesting^ methylene-digallic acid and
freshly precipitated bismuth hydrate together. It forms a bluish-eray, voluminous powder,
soluble in alkalies, with a yellow color, from which solution it is precipitated upon the addition
of acids. Used internally as astringent in doses of 0.1-0.8 Gm. from three times daily to every
three hours.

BISMUTAL. Synonym: Bismuthol.

A mixture of bismuth sodium phosphate (bismuth phosphate) and sodium salicylate.
Recommended as an antiseptic. When used as a dusting-powder it is diluted with 5 parts of
starch, or as a sohition, 1-4 per cent ; as an ointment, 10-20 per cent.

BISMUTAN. Synonym: Isutan.

A canary-yellow, odorless powder, insoluble in water, consisting of bismuth, resorcin, and
tannin. It is recommended for intestinal catarrh in doses of 0.6-1 Gm. (8-15 gr.) for adults ; for
children in teaspoonful doses of a mixture containing 1.5-2.5 Gm. (23-38 gr.) in 100 Gm. (3 troy
ounces).

BISMUTH COMPOUNDS.

The various organic salts of bismuth are prepared by interaction between a solution of
bismuth nitrate [Bi (N0s)8] And a salt of the organic acid, the resulting bismuth compound
precipitating. In order to obtain a clear aqueous solution of bismuth nitrate it is necessary
either to dissolve the crystals, first in glycerin, then diluting with water, or to add sufficient
nitric acid to the mixture of bismuth nitrate and water to effect a clear solution ; in the
latter instance the solution of organic salt should be slightly alkaline. Bismuth nitrate may
be also dissolved in a 25 per cent, sodium chlorid solution or in acetic or diluted nitric
acid. Another method consists in digesting a mixture of the organic acid and finely powdere<l
bismuth nitrate [Bi(N08)8] or freshly precipitated hydroxid in the presence of water uniil change
of color takes place. The bismuth nitrate on contact with water is converted into the basic or
Bubnitrate, which, at the moment of its formation, readily combines with organic acids. The
. commercial subnitrate (BlONOs) is not available for this purpose unless it is first dissolved in
nitric acid and set aside to crystallize, thus forming the trinitrate (Bi(N08)8. These basic bis-
muth compounds are decomposed by acids.

30 THE NEWER REMEDIES,

ALBUMINA TE. A pale gray or white insoluble powder, containing aliout 9 per cent, of
bismuth. Employed in gastric and intestinal cramps, in doses of 0.5-1 Gm. (8-16 gr.)*

BENZOATE (Sub-benzoate). (Bi(C«HbCOs)8-Bi(OH)8. By the heat of a water-bath, 20
parts of bismuth nitrate, Bi(N08)s, ^^^ aissolved in 30 parts of glycerin, then diluted with 70
parts of water, and poured bIowIv into a solution of 20 parts of sodium benzoate in 1000 parts
of water. (This order must not be reversed.) The resulting precipitate is washed with warm
water until the washings no longer react for nitric acid (Diphenylaiuine T. S. See U. S. P.),
then dried at a temperature not above 80° C. Bismuth benzoate forms a white, insoluble pow-
der, which is employed as a dusting-powder for torpid ulcers; also used internally, being pre-
ferred by many to bismuth salicylate. Dose, 0.3-1 gm.

BETA-NAPTHOL BISMUTH, See Orphol.

BORATE. Obtained by fusing bismuth trinitrate and boric acid. A yellowish-white
insoluble powder, used like the subnitrate.

BORO-PHEITATE. Bi208B(C«H6)C08.3HjO. ^Sj^nonj/m; Markasol. An antiseptic recoiu-
mended as a substitute for iodoform, as a non-irritating dry dressing for wounds, ulcers, excoria-
tions, burns, etc.

CERIUMS ALICYLATE forms an insoluble, pink-colored powder, being a valuable
remedy in the treatment of diseases/of the gastric and intestinal mucous membranes. Dose, 1-2
Gm. (15-30 gr.).

CHRYSOPHANATB (Dermol). A yellowish-brown powder recommended in pityriasis
and herpes.

CRESOLA TE. A grayish- white powder, free from odor and taste, insoluble in water and
alcohoL Used internally as an intestinal antiseptic, externally as iodoform substitute.

DITHIOSALICYLA TE, or THIOFORM. See under Dithiosalicylic Add.

LORETINA TE. A combination of bismuth and loretin obtained by precipitating loretin
sodium solution with a solution of bismuth trinitrate in glycerin and water, used as astringent
and antiseptic in diarrhea of phthisis. Dose, 0.5 Gm. Externally as dusting-powder fur wounds,
as ointment in eczema, psoriasis, etc.

NAPTHO-GLYCERITE. Recommended as a specific for gonorrhea. Composition
unknown.

NAPTHOLATE. Obtained by adding a solution of beta-napthol in an alkali to a solu-
tion of bismutli nitrate, the latter being dissolved by aid of glycerin (see above) or a dilute acid.
The precipitated i>ismuth naptholate is well washed and dried at low temperature. It forms a
brownish, tasteless powder, insoluble in water; it is employed as an intestinal antiseptic, iu doses
of l-2Gm. ( 15-30 gr.).

OLEATEy (Ci7H83C02)3Bi. Obtained by precipitating a solution of so*''-
solution of an eijuivalent amount of bismuth trinitrate; the sol"'*
pared as above directed. An insoluble powder possessing eu
erties ; employed in various skin diseases.

OXY-BROMID. An impalpable, faintly yellowish po^
with tragacanth. Serviceable in nervous dyspepsia.

OXY'CHLORID (Sub-chlorid). This is made by pouri
in diluted nitric acid into a solution of common salt. The wl
then dried. Its medicinal uses are the same as those of the su

OXY'IODID, SUB-IODID. or BASIC lODID, Bi 01.
Gm. is dissolved in 120 Gc. of glacial acetic acid; this solut
stirring, into a solution of 33.2 Gm. of potassium iodid and 50 <
of water. The precipitated oxyiodid is then washed by dec:
100° C. This is a reddish-brown, heavy powder, insoluble in i
solutions, by which it is decomposed. Recommended as an a
ing the action of iodin and bismuth.

OXY'IODO-GALLATE, or AIROL, CeHj (OH), CO,Bi
applied in ointment (water-free lard or lanolin) or dusted ol ^...vi»n-

green in color ; has no odor or taste.

OXY-IODO-METHYL-GALLOL. See lodogallicin.

OXY'IODO-PYROGALLOL. Prepared bjr prolonged digestion of bismuth oxyiodid
with pyrogallol, or by precipitating a solution of iodids and pyrogallol by means of a solution
of bisnmth nitrate in acetio acid. It is a fine, amorphous, yellowish-red powder, insoluble in the
usual solvents, and permanent in air and light. It is recommended as a powerful surgical anti-
septic.

PANCREA TINIZED. Used in dyspepsia. Dose, 1-6 Gm.

PEPTONA TE. Used in dyspepsia and gastralgia. Dose, 1-6 Gm.

PERM ANG ANA TE (Basic). Used as dry antiseptic dusting-powder.

PHENOLATE, or CARBOLATE, Bi(OH)s.CeHjO. Prepared by interaction between a
solution of bismuth trinitrate (see above) and a solution of sodium phenolate. (iray colored,
insoluble, inodorous powder, used as an intestinal antiseptic in doses of 0.5-1 Gm. (8-15 gr.),
also externally as an antiseptic dusting-powder.

PHOSPHATE (Soluble). Obtained by fusing together bismuth oxid, caustic soda, and
phosphoric acid, pulverizing the resulting mass. This product contains 20 per cent. BigOg, and
is very soluble in water; its solutions are rendered turbid bv the addition of acids, alkalies, or
by boiling. Recommended as an intestinal disinfectant, also in treatment of catarrh of the
stomach, in doses of 0.2-0.5 Gm. (3-8 gr.).

PYROGALLATE (Helcosol). C8Hs(OH)80BiO. Prepared by dissolving 150 parts of
pyrogallic acid in 650 parts of a 25 per cent, sodium chlorid solution, and adding this solution
to 316 parts of bismuth trichlorid dissolved in 1000 parts of a salt solution of the same strength.
After aigesting on a water-bath for a half hour, the solution is poured into water, and the basic
bismuth salt thus precipitated is washed with water acidulated with nitric acid until the wash-

THE NEWER REMEDIES, 31

iugs are free from chlorids. Forms a yellow, insoluble powder (60 per cent. Bi), which is
recommended as an internal and external antiseptic. Helcosol (Merck) has a slightly different
constitution, the formula being (C6H8(OH)5^)2BiOH ; it contains 48 per cent, of metallic bis-
muth and is of a greenish-yellow color. Dose, 0.3-'l Gm.

BESORCINATE. A solution of bismuth trinitrate is added to a solution of resorcin in
excess of alkali. It forms a yellowish-brown powder, which contains alK>ut 40 per cent, of BigOs.
This compound is employed in the treatment of chronic and acute catarrh of the stomach. The
dose is not known.

SALICYLA TE (Basic). Bi (C7H603)8 . BigOs. The following process of L. Wolraann yields
a bismuth salicylate of constant composition. Twenty-five parts of metallic bismuth in coarse
powder are added in small portions to 125 parts of nitric acid (sp. gr. 1.20), heated to from 15P to
90^ C. ; toward the end of tue operation the temperature is increased to boiling. After standing
several days the fluid is decanted and evaporated to small bulk and crystallized. The crystals
of bismuth nitrate are washed with a little water containing nitric acid, and, after draining, 48.6

Sarts of the crystals are dissolved in about 200 parts of dilute acetic acid and the solution ren-
ered alkaline by the addition of aqua ammonia. The precipitate is well washed by decantation,
until the wash-water ceases to give a blue color on addition of a piece of zinc and a few drops of
iodid of starch solution. The precipitate is brought to a paste by triturating with a little water
ill a mortar, 13.8 parts of salicylic acid added, and heatea on a water-bath until the blue-white
color changes into that of a yellow-white. The mass is then collected on a muslin strainer,
pressed^ and dried at a temperature not above 75^ C. The bismuth salicylate thus obtained is a
white, inodorous, tasteless, and insoluble powder containing 64.65 per cent, of Bi«Os. Used as
intestinal antiseptic in intestinal disorders. Dose, 0.^1 Gm. several times daily. Also em-
ployed externally as a dusting-powder.

SUBGALLATE. See Derm atoL

SUBTANNATE. Used for like purposes as the snbgallate. For method of preparation,
see '• Proceed. Amer. Phar. Assn.," 1896, p. 797.

SULFITE. Prepared by interaction between solutions of sodium sulfite and bismuth
trinitrate, the latter being brought into solution by means of glycerin. Bismuth sulfite pos-
sesses an antiseptic and antifermentive action, being employed as such in intestinal disorders.
Dose same as the subnitrate.

8ULF0CARB0LATE. A purple-red powder. Recommended as an intestinal antiseptic.

TBI-BBOM-CABBOLATE, See Xeroform.

VALEBIANA TE (Valerate). This is made by mixing 32 parts of bismuth subnitrate,

made into a thick paste with water, with a solution of sodium carbonate 11 parts, valeric acia

9 parts, and water 30 parts ; this mixture is allowed to digest for one hour,. frequently stirring;

the undissolved precipitate is collected, washed with cold water, and dried at 30° C. It forms a

i-^Mp powder, possessing a strong valerian-like odor. Bismuth valerianate possesses

' < »«> i n addition to the anodyne action of the valeric acid. Dose is 0.05-

sinuth containing about 20 per cent, of bismuth oxid. Used in
of the alimentary tract.

^A. I^^^. • of a cinchona alkaloid. I<t8omewhat resembles atropin in phv-

^^^* r lous. Has been used with success in hay fever, influenza, colas,

^^'K'mjn very hour.

■m the leaves of the Boldoa chiliensis. It is a white, amorphous,
•i in water, readily soluble in alcohol, ether, and chloroform,
pnotic. Dose, 0.064 Gm. (1 gr.).

BOMB AX MAL.i-..w \. SeeMocharas.

BONDUCIN. C,4Hi60r.

A white, bitter powder, soluble in alcohol, chloroform, fats, and oils. Insoluble in water.
Used as a febrifuge in doses of 0.1-0.2 Gm. (1.5-3 gr.) in wafers.

BORAL. Syrumym: Aluminum Boro-tartrate.

Through the interaction between aqueous solutions of borax and aluminum sulfate, alumi-
num borate is obtained according to the following equation : 3Na«B40j + Alj ^804)3 = 3Na2S04
+ Als (B40t)8. The resulting precipitate is washed with water till free from sodium sulfate, then
1 part of this aluminum borate is dissolved by the heat of the water-bath in 10 parts of water, by
means of 1 part of tartaric acid, and evaporated to dryness at not above 40° C. The resulting
aluminum-boro-tartrate (Boral) forms a soluble crystalline powder, which is recommended as an
astringent antiseptic, either dry or in aqueous solution.

BORALID.

A mixture of equal parts of boric acid and antifebrin. Used as antiseptic in skin diseases.

BORICIN.

A mixture of borax and boric acid.

BORO-CITRIC ACID.

This combination of boro and citric acids forms a white, soluble powder, which is employed
as a solvent for urates and phosphates in urinary calculi, gout, etc. Dose, 0.3-1.3 Gm. (5-20 gr.).

30 THE NEWER REMEDIES.

ALBUMINA TE. A pale gray or white insoluble powder, containing about 9 per cent, of
bismuth. Employed in gastric and intestinal cramps, io doses of 0.5-1 Gm. (8-15 gr.)*

BENZOATE (Sub-benzoate). (BirCsH(COs)8-Bi(OH)8. By the heat of a water-bath, 20
parts of bismuth nitrate, Bi(N08)s, are aissolved in 30 parts of glycerin, then diluted with 70
part« of water, and poured siowlv into a solution of 20 parts of sodium benzoate in 1000 parts
of water. (This order must not oe reversed.) The resulting precipitate is washed with warm
water until the washings no longer react for nitric acid (Diphenylaiuine T. S. See U. S. P.),
then dried at a temperature not above 80° C. Bismuth benzoate forms a white, insoluble pow-
der, which is employed as a dusting-powder for torpid ulcers; also used internally, being pre-
ferred by many to bismuth salicylate. Dose, 0.^1 gm.

BETA-NAPTHOL BISMUTH. See Orphol.

BORA TE. Obtained by fusing bismuth trinitrate and boric acid. A yellowish-white
insoluble powder, used like the subnitrate.

BORO-PHEI^ATE. Bl208B(C«H6)C03.3H20. Syrwnym: ^ImVksoX. An antiseptic recom-
mended as a substitute for iodoform, as a non-irritating dry dressing for wounds, ulcers, excoria-
tions, burns, etc.

CERIUM'S A LICYL ATE forms an insoluble, pink-colored powder, being a valuable
remedy in the treatment of diseasea/of the gastric and intestinal mucous membranes. Dose, 1-2
Gm. (15-30 gr.).

CHRYSOPHANATE (Dermol). A yellowish-brown powder recommended in pityriasis
and herpes.

CRESOLA TE. A grayish- white powder, free from odor and taste, insoluble in water and
alcohol Used internally as an intestinal antiseptic, externally as iodoform substitute.

DITHIOSALICYLA TE, or THIOFORM. See under Dithiosalicylic Acid.

LORETINA TE. A combination Of bismuth and loretin obtained by precipitating loretin
sodium solution with a solution of bismuth trinitrate in glycerin and water, used as astringent
and antiseptic in diarrhea of phthisis. Dose, 0.5 Gm. Externally as dusting-powder fur wounds,
as ointment in eczema, psoriasis, etc.

NAPTHO-OLYCERITE. Kecommended as a specific for gonorrhea. Composition
unknown.

NAPTHOLATE. Obtained by adding a solution of beta^napthol in an alkali to a solu-
tion of bismuth nitrate, the latter being dissolved by aid of glycerin (see above) or a dilute acid.
The precipitated bismuth naptholate is well washed and dried at low temperature. It forms a
brownish, tasteless powder, insoluble in water; it is employed as an intestinal antiseptic, in doses
of l-2Gm. (15-30 gr.).

OLEATE, (Ci7H83C02)sBi. Obtained by precipitating a solution of sodium oleate with a
solution of an e<|ulvalent amount of bismuth trinitrate; the solution of the latter being pre-
pared as above directed. An insoluble jrawder possessing emollient and mild astringent prop-
erties ; employed in various skin diseases.

OXY-BROMID. An impalpable, faintly yellowish powder, that forms a good emulsion
with tragacanth. Serviceable in nervous dyspepsia.

OXY-CHLORID (Sub-chlorid). This is made by pouring a solution of bismuth trinitrate
in diluted nitric acid into a solution of common salt. The white precipitate is well washed and
then dried. Its medicinal uses are the same as those of the subnitrate.

OXY'IODID, SUB-IODID. or BASIC lODID, Bi 01. Crystalline bismuth trinitrate 95.4
Gm. is dissolved in 120 Cc. of glacial acetic acid ; this solution is then poured, with constant
stirring, into a solution of 33.2 Gm. of potassium iodid and 50 Gm. of sodium acetate in two liters
of water. The precipitated oxyiodid is then washed by decantation, strained off, and dried at
100° C. This is a reddish-brown, heavy powder, insoluble in all solvents, except acid and alkali
solutions, by which it is decomposed. Recommended as an antiseptic dusting-powder, combin-
ing the action of iodin and bismuth.

OXY'IODO-OALLA TE, or AIROL, CeHj (OH)^ COaBiOHI, is a substitute for iodoform,
applied in ointment (water-free lard or lanolm) or dusted on in powder. It is light grayish-
green in color ; has no odor or taste.

OXY'IODO-METHYL-GALLOL. See lodogallicin.

OXY-IODO-PYROGALLOL. Prepared by prolonged digestion of bismuth oxyiodid
with pyrogallol, or by precipitating a solution of iodids and pyrogallol by means of a solution
of bismuth nitrate in acetio acid. It is a fine, amorphous, yellowish-red powder, insoluble in the
usual solvents, and permanent in air and light. It is recommended as a powerful surgical anti-
septic.

PANCREA TINIZED. Used in dyspepsia. Dose, 1-6 Gm.

PEPTONA TE. Used in dyspepsia and gastralgia. Dose, 1-5 Gm.

PERMANGANA TE (Basic). Used as dry antiseptic dusting-powder.

PHENOLATE, or CA EBOLA TE, Bi(OH)j.C6HfO. Prepared by interaction between a
solution of bismuth trinitrate (see above) and a solution of soaium phenolate. Gray colored,
insoluble, inodorous powder, used as an intestinal antiseptic in doses of 0.5-1 Gm. (8-15 gr.),
also externally as an antiseptic dusting-powder.

PHOSPHATE (Soluble). Obtained by fusing together bismuth oxid, caustic soda, and
phosphoric acid, pulverizing the resulting mass. This product contains 20 per cent. BijOs, and
IS very soluble in water; its solutions are rendered turbid by the addition of acids, alkalies, or
by boiling. R^ommended as an intestinal disinfectant, also in treatment of catarrh of the
stomach, in doses of 0.2-0.5 Gm. (3-8 gr.).

PYROGALLATE (Helcosol). CeHs(OH)20BiO. Prepared by dissolving 150 parts of
pyrogallic acid in 650 parts of a 25 per cent, sodium chlorid solution, and adding this solution
to 316 parts of bismuth trichlorid dissolved in 1000 parts of a salt solution of the same strength.
After aigesting on a water-bath for a half hour, the solution is poured into water, and the basic
bismuth salt thus precipitated is washed with water acidulated with nitric acid until the wash-

P'rcs of (he cryei

white, inodorom
i'llwlinai Bntisfp
ployed eUeroiOf
SUBOALL,
«« Proceed. Am,
trio- *^^''^^«-

SULFOCARl
TRI-BSOM-,

„ . fALERIAS.

9Mrta,Bndwa,eri

P"Se 31. Blennc

Kmprojed as" » lonJITi
BOMBAX MALAB,
80NDUCIN. C,^„.

80RAL. as™«j™, M
n,™J''™"Ft'«ie inter

BORALID.

A "' I lure of equal
BORICIN.

An.Ixtureofl>„n.x

BORO-CITRICACID

Thtaeonibinsllonof

THE NEWER REMEDIES.

BE^ZOATE (Sat^benxatte). (BI(C,IIjCO,)rBi(OH|,. Bj tbe heslora «KlerJ»th, 20
parts or liisiauth ulliate, BilSO,),. an ilisaolved In 30 paru of gl/cerlu. then diluted vilb 70
psriB of water, and pourud iloirfj into a boLuiIoq of 20 parts of aodluni beuioate In lOOO parts
ur water. (Thla order iDust notbereveraed.) Tbe resultiug precipluie ig wsebed with wana
water until Ite waahlngi ng longer react for nilrlc acid (Dlp^enj-lainine T. S. See U. 8. P.].

der,' which In emploTed as g dnstiug-powder'for torpid ulcers; al«i u»ed imeru'idli, h'eiiiK "pre-
ferred by manj to bl.mulh laiicylale. Dose, O.i-1 gin.

SETA-NAPTHOL BISMUTH. See Orphol.

BORA TK Obtained by fusing blsmuib irinllrata and boric acid. A ;elIowlsh-wtaiU

owder reoommeaded in pityriasis

CSESOf..iTE. A graylsli.white powder, free from odor atid taste, Insoluble In water and
■IcolioL Used interaally aa an iuleitlual antiseptic, eiternally as iodofonu sululltute.
DITHIOSALICYLA TB, or THIOPORM. See under Dittaioaalicylic Acid.
LORETINATE. Aconiliinallon oC bisiuuth and lorctinobUiued bj precipitating loretin

NAPTUO-OLYCERITE. Bwommended as a specific for goni

NAPTHOLATE. ObUlned by adding a solution of hela-napthol li

V!!°°^lt™"iJV'?„f;,L"."VM,M"|,,'rwLhe/^d"dr^" h)w Mni

Sh lodogalllcin.

pared by pmlanged dlgatlon of bismntli OTylodId
lion of iodlda and pyrogallol by means of a lolntlon
Ine, auiorpbous, yello^isb-red powder. Insoluble In the
llgliL It Is recouiuended as a powerful surgical anli-

liepsla. Dose, 1-5 Gm.

■nd gaatralgla. Dose, 1-5 Gm.

an dry antiseptic dusting-powder.

Bi<OH)|.C(HiO. Prepared by interaction between a

inteitioal antiseptic in doses of 0.5-1 Gio. <S-I» gr.)|

rendered lurbld by tbe addition of Bcida,'Blkaliea, or

TJXl

iCOHJfOBIO. Prepared by d

THE NEWER REMEDIES, 31

ings are free from chlorids. Forms a yellow, insoluble powder (60 per cent. Bi), which is
recommended as an internal and external antiseptic. Helcosol (Merck) has a slightly different
constitution, the formula being (C«H8(OH)aO)s6iOH ; it contains 48 |>er cent, of metallic bis-
muth and is of a greenish-yellow color. Dose, CS-l Gm.

RESORCINATE. A solution of bismuth trinitrate is added to a solution of resorcin in
excess of alkali. It forms a yellowish-brown powder, which contains al>out 40 per cent, of BivO^.
This compound is employed in the treatment of chronic and acute catarrh of the stomach. The
dose is not known.

8ALICYLA TE r Basic). Bi (GrHsO^ )3 . Bi^Oa. The following process of L. Wolraann yields
a bismuth salicylate or constant composition. iTwenty-five parts of metallic bismuth in coarse
powder are added in small portions to 125 parts of nitric acid (sp. gr. 1.20), heated to from IfP to
90° C. ; toward the end of tne operation the temperature is increased to boiling. After standing
several days the fluid is decanted and evaporated to small bulk and crystallized. The crystals
of bismuth nitrate are washed with a little water containing nitric acid, and, after draining, 48.6

Sarts of the crystals are dissolved in about 200 parts T>f dilute acetic acid and the solution ren-
ered alkaline by the addition of aqua ammonia. The precipitate is well washed by decantation,
until the wash-water ceases to give a blue color on addition of a piece of zinc and a few drops of
iodid of starch solution. The precipitate is brought to a paste by triturating with a little water
in a mortar, 13.8 parts of salicylic acid added, and heated on a water-bath until the blue-white
color changes into that of a yellow-white. The mass is then collected on a muslin strainer,
pressed^ and dried at a temperature not above 75° C. The bismuth salicylate thus obtained is a
white, inodorous, tasteless, and insoluble powder containing 64.65 per cent, of BioOs- Used as
intestinal antiseptic in intestinal disorders. Dose, 0.3-1 Gm. several times daily. Also em-
ployed externally as a dusting-powder.

8UBOALLATE. See DermatoL

8UBTANNATE. Used for like purposes as the subgallate. For method of preparation,
see " Proceed. Amer. Phar. Assn.," 1896, p. 797.

SULFITE. Prepared by interaction between solutions of sodium sulfite and bismuth
trinitrate, the latter being brought into solution by means of glycerin. Bismuth sulfite pos-
sesses an antiseptic and antifermentive action, being employed as such in intestinal disorders.
Dose same as the subnitrate.

8ULF0CARB0LATE. A purple-red powder. Recommended as an intestinal antiseptic.

TRI'BROM-CARBOLATE, See Xeroform.

VALERIANATE (Valerate). This is made by mixing 32 parts of bismuth subnitrate.
made into a thick paste with water, with a solution of sodium carbonate 11 parts, valerio acid
9 parts, and water 80 parts ; this mixture is allowed to digest for one hour,, frequently stirring;
the undissolved precipitate is collected, washed with cold water, and dried at 30° C. It forms a
white, insoluble powder, possessing a strong valerian-like odor. Bismuth valerianate posses-^es
the effect of the bismuth salts in addition to the anodyne action of the valeric acid. Dose is 0.05-
0.25 Gm. (1-4 gr.).

BISMUTHOL. SeeBismiital.

BISOL.

A soluble phosphate of bismuth containing about 20 per cent, of bismuth oxid. Used in
gastralgia and other irritations of the alimentary tract.

BLENNOSTASIN.

Claimed to be a derivative of a cinchona alkaloid. Hsomewhat resembles atropin in phy-
siologic action, but is not poisonous. Has been used with success in hay fever, influenza, colds,
etc. Dose, 1-4 Gm. (15-60 gr.) every hour.

BOLDIN.

A principle obtained from the leaves of the Soldoa chilieruis. It is a white, amorphous,
bitter powder, almost insoluble in water, readily soluble in alcohol, ether, and chloroform.
Employed as a tonic, also as hypnotic. Dose, 0.064 Gm. (1 gr.).

BOMBAX MALABARICA. SeeMocharas.

BONDUCIN. CiAsOfi.

A white, bitter powder, soluble in alcohol, chloroform, fats, and oils. Insoluble in water.
Used as a febrifuge in doses of 0.1-0.2 Gm. (1.5-3 gr.) in wafers.

BORAL. Synonym: Aluminum Boro-tartrate.

Through the interaction between aqueous solutions of borax and aluminum sulfate, alumi-

-part' - . , ,

means of 1 part of tartaric acid, and evaporated to dryness at not above 40° C. The resulting
aluminum-boro-tartrate (Boral) forms a soluble crystalline powder, which is recommended as an
astringent antiseptic, either dry or in aqueous solution.

BORALID.

A mixture of equal parts of boric acid and antifebrin. Used as antiseptic in skin diseases.

BORICIN.

A mixture of borax and boric acid.

BORO-CITRIC ACID.

This combination of boroand citric acids forms a white, soluble powder, which is employed
as a solvent for urates and phosphates in urinary calculi, gout, etc. l)ose, 0.3-1.3 Gm. (5-20 gr.).

32 THE NEWER REMEDIES,

BORO-FORMALIN. Synonym: Boro-foriuol.

Obtained by disaolying aluminum hydrate in a solution of 2 parts of formic acid and 1 part
of boric acid, evaporating to crystallization. It forms soluble white glossy scales. Used as anti-
septic, deodorant, and prophylactic

BORO-FORMOL. See Boro-formalin.

BOROL. SOjK^Qj^ ^^^ jj^j . Synonym : Sodium or Potassium Borosulfate. •

Occurs in colorless, inodorous, vitreous pieces, soluble in 6 parts of water. A powerful ant i-
septic, used internally and externally in infectious diseases. In diphtheria the nose and pharynx
are sprayed with a 1-2 per cent, solution. Dose, for adults, 80-M drops of a 20 per cent, aqueous
solution 5 or 6 times daily, in water ; for children, 10-20 drops. Used also internally in torticol-
lis, bronchitis, septicemia, erysipelas, etc., both internally and externally in erysipelas, psoriasis,
chilblains, ozena; externally in eonorrhea, burns, contusions, and wounds. In the form of a 20
per cent, solution it is useful in cleansing barrels. The solution should not be brought into con-
tact with metals.

BOROPHENYLIC ACID. -Si^nonym ; Phenyl Boric Acid. C«H5.B(OH)2.

Obtained by the action of phosphorus oxychlorid on a mixture of boric acid and phenol.
Forms a soluble white powder of mild, aromatic taste; difficultly soluble in water; melts at
7MP C. (400° F.). Employed as a preservative agent (1 : 5000; ; used as an antiseptic.

BORO-SALICYLATE OF GLYCERIN.

Boric and salicylic acids, when heated in the presence of glycerin, dissolve in large propor-
tions, but, on cooling, the mixture soon becomes turbid, forming a thick and granular mass. If
this mixture be heated anew until it boils, and a small quantity of calcined magnesia be then
added, the solution after cooling remains perfectly limpid. The product thus obtained is miscible
with water in all proportions. This boro-salicylate of glycerin enables the operator to obtain
extemporaneously a solution containing equal parts of the two acids at a degree of concentration
impossible with any other method. Moreover, the microbicide and antiseptic properties of the
salicylic and boric acids are in nowise affected by their being transformed iuto a neutral or basic
salt The following is the formula :

Boric acid, lOGm.

Salicvlic acid 10 ••

Distilled water, 10 "

Thirty per cent. dist. glycerin, .... 40 "

Heat the mass in a flask until it boils, and then add 1 Gm. calcined magnesia ; reduce the
fire and evaporate all the water, obtaining, after cooling, 60 Cc. of the glycerol or boro-salicylate,
5 Co. of which will contain exactly 1 Gm. each of salicylic and boric acids.

BORO-SALICYLIC ACID. B0H(0C«H4C00H)a.

A combination of boric and salicylic acids in molecular proportions. Recommended as an
antiseptic instead of salicylic acid.

BOROSOL.

A colorless liquid of acid reaction, containing, according to various analyse;!, aluminum
tartrate, boric acid, salicylic acid, glycerin, and free tartaric acid in aqueous solution. Borosol
is recommended as a wash for perspiring feet.

BOROTARTROL.

An antiseptic consisting of neutral sodium tartrate and boric acid.

BOR-SALICYLATE. Synonym: Borsalyl.

A soluble and harmless antiseptic obtained by triturating together 82 parts of sodium sali-
cylate and 25 parts of boric acid with a small amount of water ; the mass soon becomes hard ,
when it is dried and powdered.

BORSALYL. See Bor-ealicy late.

BORSYL.

This is a combination of boric acid, borax, talcum, and spermaceti. It is recommended
as a remedy for excessive perspiration of the feet as a dusting-powder.

BOVININ.

Is the name of a preparation consisting of ox blood, a little cognac, and dried egg albumen.
It is recommended for anemia, nervous exhaustion, and defective nutrition. The dose is 15 Gm.
(bbout 3^ oz.) 4 to 6 times daily, before meals. To increase the keeping qualities of the prepara-
tion, 0.1 per cent, of boric acid is added. Bovinin is also used subcutaneously and externally, in
the treatment of abscesses.

BRASSICON.

A new headache remedy, a green-colored mixture, consisting, according to the "SQd-
deutsche Apotheker Zeitung," of 2 Gm. oil of peppermint, 6 Gm. camphor, 4 Gm. ether, 12 Gm.
alcohol, and 6 drops of mustard oil. Is applied locally.

THE NEWER REMEDIES. 33

BRENZCAIN. C«H4(OCH8).OCHj.CftH5. Synonym: Guaiacol Benzyl Ester.

This is free from the caustic action of guaiacol and is used for producing local anesthesia bj
means of cataphoresis. The compound occurs in crystals, which are soluble in alcohol and ether.
It combines readily with vasogen, with which it is diluted in the same manner as other guaiacol
preparations.

BROMALBUMIN. See Bromo-albumin.

BROMAL-HYDRATE. CBrjCOH + HaO. ^S'ynonym ; Tri-brom-aldehyd-hydrate.

A mixture of alcohol 1 part and bromin 4 parts is heated to 140° C, then allowed to cool
slowly ; on standing, crystals of bromalhydrate separate. It forms colorless crystals, soluble in
water, melting at 53.5° C. (128.3° F.) ; when heated to 100° C. it is decomposed into bromin and
water.

Bromal-hydrate is employed as a sedative and antispasmodic, its action being the same as
that of chloral hydrate, being given, however, in smaller doses [0.1-1 Gm. (13>^-15 gr.) ].

BROMALIN. ((CHa)«N4.CjH6Br). Synonyms: Hexamethylene-tetramin-brom-ethylate;
Brom-ethyl-formin.

This compound appears in colorless scales, or as a white, crystalline powder, readily soluble
in water. It is administered to women and children in doses of 2-4 Gm. (30-60 gr.) as a nervine
and sedative. Does not cause bromism.

BROMAMIDE. CftH2Bra.NHj.HBr. -^monym .- Tri-brom-anilin Hydrobromid.

Nitrotribrombenzol is reduced by means of nascent hydroeen, the resulting product being
treated with hydrobromic acid. This occurs in colorless, tasteless crystals, melting at 117° C.
(242.6° F.), being employed as an antineuralgic in doses of 0.6 Gm. (10 gr.).

BROM-ANILIN. SeeSerosine.
BROM-ANTIPEBRIN. See Antisepsin.

BROM-HEMOL. See under Hemol.

BROMIDIA.

According to the " Phar. Post," Vienna, this contains potassium bromid, chloral hydrate,
of each 30 parts; ext. hyoscyamus, ext. cannabis ind., of each 0.25 parts; ext. liquor, fid., 90
parts ; ol. aurant. cort., gtt. v.

BROMIDIN.

Consists of chloral hydrate, ext. cannabis ind., and ext. hyoscyamus. Used as hypnotic.

BROMIPIN.

This is stated to be a 10 ^er cent, combination of bromin with oil of sesame, which
retains almost entirely the physical properties of the oil and does not in the least suggest by
its odor or taste the 'presence of so caustic a substance as bromin, of which it contains 10
per cent. The preparation causes no disturbances of stomach nor intestines, even after long-
continued use. It is stated to be of particular value in epilepsy and neurasthenia. Dose, 1-3
teaspoon fuls daily.

BROMO-ALBUMIN. Synonym: Bromosine.

A compound of bromin and albumin obtained by the action of bromin on peptone, albu-
moses, or protogen. Used in epilepsy. Contains 10 per cent, of bromin.

BROMOFORM- CHBrs. Synonyms: Tri-brom-methane ; Formyl Bromid.

This analogue of chloroform is prepared by the action of sodium hypobromite on acetone.
It forms a clear, colorless liquid, of chloroformic odor and taste ; its specific gravity is 2.9 and
boiling-point 148° C. (298.5° F.). Bromoform is only very slightly soluble in water, but readily
in alcohol. , It is employed in treatment of whooping-cough in daily doses of 5-20 drops.

BROMOL. CflHjBrsOH, Synonyms: Tri-brom-phenol ; Bromo-phenol.

This compound is obtained by pouring an aqueous solution of bromin in an aqueous solu-
tion of phenol, a white, crystalline precipitate resulting. The precipitate is washed and crystal-
lized from alcohol. Bromol forms colorless crystals, which are insoluble in water, very soluble
in alcohol, fatty and volatile oils. It is employed externally as an antiseptic in solution (1 : 30
olive oil), or ointment (1 : 10), or as a dusting-powder. In the treatment of diphtheria it is used
in a 4 per cent, glycerin solution. Internally, as intestinal antiseptic, in doses of 0.1 Gm (1.5 gr.).

BROMO-PHENOL. CeH4BrOH. /Synonym.- Ortho-bromo-phenol.

This is a dull, violet-colored liquid, having a phenol-like odor, obtained by treating phenol
with bromin. It is employed in the form of a 1-2 per cent, ointment in the treatment of
erysipelas.

BROMO-PHENOL. See Bromol.

BROMOPHTHARIN.

A mixture of zinc oxid, calcium oxid, calcium carbonate, sodium sulfate, and 5 per cent,
of sand. Used technically as a disinfectant and deodorant.

BROMO-PYRINE. CuHuBrNsO.

A mono-bromo-antipyrine which forms white crystalline needles, soluble in alcohol and
hot water. Melts at 114° C. Used as antipyretic, like antipyrine. Another product sold under
this title consists of a mixture of antipyrine, caffein, and sodium bromid.

BROMOSINE. See Bromo-albumin.
3

34 THE NEWER REMEDIES,

BROOKE'S PASTE.

Oleate of merciirv, 28 parts; petrolatum, 14 parts; eIdc ozid and starch, of each, 7 parts;
ichthyol, 1 part ; salicylic acid, 1.2 parts. Used in treatment of facial skin diseases.

BRYONIN. CtfHsoOf.

A bitter principle from the roots of Bryonia alba. Yellow, amorahous, bitter powder, solu-
ble in water and alcohol. Used in dropsy and congested condition oi the liver. Furnished in
granules, each containing 0.001 Gm.

BUGLE-WEED. See Lycopus Virginicus.

BU RAN HEM. SeeMonesia.

BURSIC ACID. See Bursinio Acid.

BURSINIC ACID.

Obtained by precipitating an aqueous extract of Bursa past&ris with lead acetate and
ammonia ; the precipitate is freed from lead when dissolved in an acid, and then evaporated to
dryness. Forms a pale yellow, hydroscopic mass of astringent taste.

Bursinic acid is employed in aqueous solution hypodermically, like ergotin ; also used
internally.

BUTYL-CHLORAL-HYDRATE. C HsrCHCl-CClrCH(OH)a. Synonym: Croton
Chloral

A current of chlorln gas is passed through paraldehyd until saturated ; the resulting
butyl-chloral is purified by distillation, and brought in contact with water. Butyl-chloral-
hydrate forms colorless, crystalline scales, which melt at 78° C, soluble in 30 parts of cold water,
readily soluble in alcohol and ether.

It is employed as a hypnotic, in doses of 1-1.5 Gm. (15-24 gr.).

BUTYL-HYPNAL.

A combination of butyl chloral and antipyrine, similar to that of the latter with chloral
hydrate (see Hypnal). It forms colorless needles, melting at 70° C. (168° F.), soluble in 30
parts of water and readily soluble in alcohol.

BUTYROMEL.

A mixture of 2 parts of fresh unsalted butter and 1 part of honey ; intended as a substitute
for cod-liver oil.

B U X I N E . CisHnNOf Synonyms : Beeberin ; Bebirin ; Bibirin ; Pelosine.

An alkaloid from the bark of Btunu sempervirens, identical with berberin. Recommended
as a tonic and febrifuge, in doses of 1-2 Gm. (16-80 gr.).

BYROLIN.

A mixture of lanolin, glycerin, and boric acid. Used in skin diseases.

CADMIUM SALICYLATE. (C6H4 (OH) C02)2Cd.

This salt is prepared by the action of salicylic acid upon cadmium carbonate, or by pre-
cipitating barium salicylate with cadmium sulfate. When prepared by the first method,
molecular quantities of the two substances are heated together with water until solution takes

Slace, then evaporated to small bulk and crystallized. Thus obtained, cadmium salicylate forms
ne, white, tabular crystals, which melt at 300° G. (572° F.) and dissolve in 24 parts of water at
100° G., and 68 parts at 23° C. ; also soluble in alcohol, ether, and glycerin. The latter method of
preparation yields an amorphous powder. Cadmium salicylate possesses a more energetic anti-
septic action than the other salts of cadmium, being recommended in treatment of purulent
ophthalmia.

CESIUM-AMMONIUM BROMID. CsBr + 3NH4Br.

A white, soluble powder, highly recommended as anti-epileptic.

CiCSIUM BITARTRATE. CsjCAO..

Forms colorless, prismatic, strongly refractive crystals, which are readily soluble in water.
This and the corresponding Bubidium compound were recommended by Schaefer in nervous
heart palpitation, in doses of 0.18-0.3 Gm.

CJESIUM BROMID. CsBr.

White, granular powder, soluble in water. Used in nervous palpitation of the heart in
doses of 0.18-0.3 Gm.

CiC:SIUM CARBONATE. CssCO,.

White, granular, hygroscopic mass, soluble in water. Used as anti-epileptic.

CJESIUM HYDROXID. CsOH.

A grayish, hygroscopic, soluble mass. Used as anti-epileptic.

CiflESIUM-RUBIDIUM-AMMONIUM BROMID. (CsRb)Bra + 3NH4Br.
Used as anti-epileptic in doses of 2-3 Gm. (30-45 gr.), taken in evening.

CiCSIUM SULFATE. CsaS04.

Colorless, stable prisms, soluble in water. Used as anti-epileptic.

CAFFEIN SALTS (DOUBLE SALTS AND DERIVATIVES).

Among the large number of salts of caflfein that have been Introduced, a very few have
received attention. Among the very important of these are the carbolate, phthafate, and 6oro-
citrate, which are readily soluble, the former two being recommended for hypodermic use.

THE NEWER REMEDIES, 35

CAFFEIN BORO-CITRA TE, A white powder, soluble in water, alcohol, and chloroform,
which combines the physiologic effect of caffein with the antiseptic properties of boric acid.

CAFFEIN CHLORAL, C8Hio;!ir402-CCl3COH. This is a combination of chloral and
caffein in molecular proportions. It is crystalline and soluble in water. Caffein-chloral is a
sedatiye and analgesic. Dose, 0.2-0.3 6m. (3-^ gr.).

CAFFEIN HYDROBROMID. Used as diuretic subcutaneously. Injection of 4-10 m. of
a solution of caffein hydrobromid, 10 parts ; hydrobromic acid, 1 part ; distilled water, 3 parts.

CAFFEIN NITRA TE, Forms yellowish, needle-like crystals.

CAFFEIN PHENATE AND PHTALATE are used subcutaneously.

CAFFEIN'SODIUM BENZOATE is prepared by evaporating an aqueous solution of one

ftart of caffein in one of sodium benzoate dissolved in 3 parts of water. It forms white, crystal-
ine crusts. Owing to the ready solubility of this and the following double salts, they are espe-
cially suitable for subcutaneous use ; subcutaneous dose double that of caffein.

CAFFEINSODIUM SALICYLATE and CAFFEIN-SODIUM CINNAMATE are pre-
pared in the same manner as the above benzoate, employing equal parts of caffein and the
respective organic sodium salts.

CAFFEIN-SODIUM SULFONATE, See Symphorol.

CAFFEIN TRI-IODID (Di-iodo-caffein-hvdriodid). (CgHioNAIaHI)^ + SHjO. This
is prepared by adding a solution of hydriodic acid to a weak alcoholic solution of caffein. It
forms dark-green prisms, which are readily soluble in alcohol. Internally it acts like a weak
preparation of iodin, the dose being 0.12-0.24 Gm. (2-4 gr.).

ETHOXY-CAFFEIN, Q,^^^ (OCsHg), is prepared by boiling mono-bromo-caffein with
caustic potash. It forms crystalline needles, which are less soluble iu water than caffein, melt-
ing at 140^ C. (284° F.). Ethoxy-caffein has a similar action to caffein, being also narcotic.
Dose is about 0.2 Gm. (3 gr. ).

lODO-CAFFEIN is prepared by passing sulfuretted hydroeen into a solution of potas-
sium iodid and caffein. lodo-caffein forms colorless crystals soluble in water; unstable, decom-
posed by hot water; it is employed in cardiac affections in doses of about 0.3 Gm. (5 gr.).

lODOL-CAFFEIN CgHioNfOs C4I4NH. A crystalline compound ]>repared by the inter-
action of molecular quantities of iodol and caffein. It has a gray color, is inodorous, tasteless,
and practically insoluble in the ordinary solvents. lodol-caffein is employed as an antiseptic,
like lodol, of which it contains 75 per cent. Internally in place of KI ; externally as a substitute
for iodol.

lODO- THEOBROMIN is prepared in like manner to the above caffein compound. It
is used as a diuretic, alterative, and in cardiac affections. Dose, 0.3-0.5 Gm. (5-8 gr.).

CAFFENOL. ALGOPHEN.

CAHINCIN. See Caincic Acid.

CAINCIC ACID. C40HMO18. iS^nonyfru ; Cahincic Acid ; Cahincin.

A crystalline principle obtained from the root of the Chioeocca anguijuga (cainca root).
Forms crystalline flakes, inodorous, of a bitter, astringent taste, soluble in water and alcohol.
Given in doses of 2-4 gr. (0.13-0.25 Gm.) as a diuretic and cathartic ; as an emetic, in doses of
0.5-1 Gm. (8-15 gr.).

CAINCINIC ACID. See Caincic Acid.
CAJUPUTOL. See EucalyptoL

CALAYA.

An extract of the fruit of AivnAtUafthrifvLgo, Used in malaria. Dose, 2 Gm. (30 gr.) every
two hours.

CALCIUM BISULFITE (FLUID).

A colorless fluid, smelling strongly of sulfurous acid. Used as antiseptic wash or gargle
when diluted with four to five times its volume of water.

CALCIUM BORATE. CaBA.

Obtained by interaction between aqueous solutions of borax and calcium chlorid. Recom-
mended as an antiseptic dusting-powder in treatment of moist eczema, burns, etc. ; likewise
internally in doses of^O.2-0.4 Gm. (3-6 gr.) for diarrhea of children.

CALCIUM BOROGLYCERID.

Calcium borate and glycerin are heated together, stirring constantly, until when a drop is
removed it congeals to a hard mass. The mass is then poured out on a slab and allowed to
congeal. Forms a glassy, transparent, fragile mass, hygroscopic, soluble in water and alcohol.
Used as antiseptic.

CALCIUM-CHLORHYDRO-PHOSPHATE, SYRUP OF. See Chlorhydro-
phosphate of Calcium.

CALCIUM CRESYLATE.

Obtained by treating calcium hydrate with cresol. A syrupy fluid, miscible with water.
Used as disinfectant in place of carbolic acid.

CALCIUM FERRO-PHOSPHO-LACTATE.

Used in scrofala and rachitis in doses of 0.2-0.6 Gm.

CALCIUM GLYCERO-PHOSPHATE. See under Glycero-phosphoric Acid.

36 THE NEWER REMEDIES,

CALCIUM HIPPURATE.

Forms a white soluble powder. Used to remove excess of uric acid in the organism.
Dose, 0.5 Gm.

CALCIUM lODATE. Ca (10,), + 6HaO.

Forms glossy crystals, almost insoluble in water, insoluble in alcohol. Used as antiseptic
wash for cleansing the bladder.

CALCIUM LACTATE. CaCCaHjO,)^ + SH^O.

Forms warty-like crystalline masses, soluble in water and hot alcohol. Used in treatment
of rachitis and scrofula, in doses of 0.2-0.5 Gm.

CALCIUM LACTO-PHOSPHATE.

To a mixture of calcium phosphate with 25 times its weight of hot water, lactic acid is
added till solution takes place; then it is evaporated to crystallization. Used in rachitis of
children. Dose, 0.2-0.66 Gm. (3-10 gr.).

CALCIUM LORETINATE, BASIC. Ca(I.O.CH4N.S08).
Fine, cream-colored needles, nearly insoluble in water.

CALCIUM LORETINATE, NORMAL. Ca(I.OH.CttH4N.808)s.HsO.

Used as antiseptic. An orange-red, crystalline powder, slightly soluble in water.

CALCIUM PERMANGANATE. Ca(Mn04), + 5H,0.

Forms crystals similar to the potassium salt, which are very soluble in water. Its anti-
bacterial and antiseptic properties are ^ven as being 100 times stronger than the potassium salt,
hence is especially adapted to the purification of drinking water. KecommendM as antiseptic
wash in gynecology, and also in dentistry for cleansing cavities in the teeth of decayed matter.

CALCIUM SALICYLATE. [ C0H4 <g^J^Ca + 2HaO.

Salicylic acid is neutralized with an equivalent amount of calcium carbonate (free from
iron) in the presence of hot water, the filtered solution is then evaporated and crystallized.
Calcium salicylate forms a white, crystalline powder, inodorous and tasteless, almost insoluble
in cold water. Used in gastro-enteritis in doses of 0.&-2 Gm. (10^30 gr.).

CALCIUM SANTONATE.

A white, inodorous, tasteless, insoluble powder. Used as anthelmintic in doses of
0.05 Gm.

CALCIUM SULFOPHENATE. (Sulfocarbolate.) (C«H4.0H.S08)2Ca.

Prepared by neutralizing sulfocarbolic acid with calcium carbonate. It forms a white,
almost inodorous, stable, astringent, bitter ^wder, freely soluble in water and alcohol. Recom>
mended because of its strong antiseptic, disinfectant, and astringent properties; given internally
in 1 per cent, aqueous solution. Dose, 1 tablespoonful every 3 hours.

CALOLACTOSE.

An intestinal disinfectant, said to consist of a mixture of calomel (1), bismuth subnitrate
(1), and lactose (8).

CALPHENOL.

An antiseptic surgical dressing.

CAMPHENOL.

A combination of camphor, cresols, and phenols. Used as disinfectajit and germicida

CAMPHOID.

This is prepared by dissolving pyroxylon, 1 part, in a solution of 20 parts of camphor in
aloohoL It is a thick, colorless fluid, which, because of its rapidity in drving, leaving a thin
film when applied to the skin, serves as an excellent vehicle for iodoform, cnrysarobin, etc.

CAMPHO-PYRAZOLON. CnE^fi,

This is a compound of phenyl-hydrazin and campho-carboxylic acid. It occurs in fine
crystalline needles, melting at 132° C. (269.6° F.), insoluble in water and ether, soluble in alcohoL
Campho-pyrazolon is proposed as a substitute for camphor.

CAMPHOR, NAPTHOL. See Beta-napthol Camphor.
CAMPHOR, PHENYLATED. See Phenol Camphor.
CAMPHOR, RESORCINATED. See Elesorcin-camphor.

CAMPHOR SALICYLATE.

This is prepared bv fusing together 84 parts of camphor and 65 parts of salicylic acid,
which solidify to a ciystafliue mass. It may be obtained in well-formed crystals by recrystalliza-
tion from benzol. Soluble 1 : 20 in the fatty oils; almost insoluble in water and glvcerin.
Employed externally in ointment-form as an application in lupus and various skin diseases*
internally in treatment of certain diarrheal complaints. Dose, 0.05-0.25 Gm. {%-^ gr. ).

CAMPHOR, SALOL. See under Salol.
CAMPHOR, THYMOLATED. See Thymol-camphor.

THE NEWER REMEDIES, 37

CAMPHORIC ACID. C8Hi4(COOH)s.

This is a dibasic acid obtained by the action of hot nitric acid on. camphor. It forms
white, scaly crystals, odorless, melting at 186.5° C. (Ses^^ F.). It is soluble in 20U parts of cold
and 10 parts of boiling water ; very soluble in alcohol. It is employed in treatment of night-
sweats of phthisis, likewise in acute and chronic diseases of the respiratory tract. The dose is
from 1-1.5 Gm. ( 15-24 gr.). When applied topically it is used in a solution of from 1-4 per cent,
strength.

CAMPHORONIC ACID. CeHnCCOOH),. Synonym .- Iso-propyl-carballylic Acid.

Obtained by the oxidation of campholic acid. It forms soluble white needles, hygroscopic ;
melts at 186° C. (276.8° F.). Recommended as an antiseptic.

CAMPHOROXAL.

A solution of hydrogen dioxid, containing camphor and alcohol.

CANNABIN.

An alkaloid isolated from CannabU atUiva, or Indian Hemp. Cannabin forms a brown,
syrupy liquid, which is employed as a hypnotic, the dose being 0.06-0.3 Gm. (1-5 gr.).

CANNABIN TANNATE forms a yellowish-gray colored powder of bitter and slightly
astringent taste, only slightly soluble in water, alcohol, and ether, very soluble in acidulated
watCT. It is employed as a hypnotic in nervous sleeplessness, the dose being 0.25-1 (im.
(3-16 gr.).

CANNABINOL.

An oil extracted from OarmabU indica, claimed to be the sole active constituent of the
drug.

CANNABINON (Merck).

A resinous body obtained from the flowering tops of Cannabis aativa. Cannabinon appears
in form of a dark-brown, soft resin, insoluble in water ; soluble in alcohol, ether, chloroK>rm,
fatty and volatile oils. Recommended as a sedative and hypnotic, in doses of 0.03-0.1 Gm.
(K'^H 8^*)* Women, half this dose.

CANNONIN.

A proprietary disinfectant

CANTHARIDIN. CioHiA-

The active vesicating principle obtained from the Cantharia veticatoria and other members
of the family of Cbleopiera. Cantharidiu forms colorless crystals which are insoluble in wat€r,
but very soluble in chloroform ; it dissolves quite readily in ether and the fatty oils ; with caustic
alkalies it forms salts soluble in water. Tms principle is frequently employed in place of can-
tharides. The salts, or cantharidates, are employed hypodermiciQly m treatment of tuberculosis,
0.2 Gm. of cantharidin and 0.4 Gm.of potassium hydrate being dissolved in 1000 Gc. of distilled
water; of this solution 0.2-0.4 Cc. (0.0001-0.0002 Gm.) is employed for a subcutaneous injection.

CAPITCURA.

A proprietary antipyretic and analgesic.

CAPTOL.

An antiseborrheic and medicinal cosmetic preparation, used for dandruff, etc. A conden-
sation product of tannin and chloral, free from the aisagreeable effects of the components. It is
a dark-brown powder, soluble in warm water and in alcohol. Best applied in form of lotion, as
follows: Captol, 2 parts; chloral hydrate, 2 parts; tartaric acid, 2 parts; castor oil, 1 part; 65-
peivcent. alcohol, 200 parts. This mixture is in the market under the name of " Compound
Spirit of Captol."

CARE AM ID. See Urea.

CARBOLIC ACID, CAMPHORATED.

A mixture of carbolic acid, 1 part, and camphor, 8 parts. A clear, colorless fluid, which on
standing becomes r^.

CARBO-SAPOL.

A disinfectant prepared by G. T. Beatson. It consists of 50 parts of carbolic acid, 25 parts
of yellow soda soap, and 25 parts of soft potash toap. These ingredients are warmed together on
a water-bath untifa clear solution is obtained. Carbo-sapol is readily miscible with water, yield-
ing an oily liquid. A 1 per cent solution does not attack the hands. The antiseptic power of
this preparation is about the same as that of corrosive sublimate.

CARBUCICCHIO. See Neuralgin.

CARDINE (Hammond).

A clear, yellow fluid (sterilized) prepared bv digesting the finely chopped hearts of sheep
with an equal quantity of glycerin and boric acid solution in a well-closea vessel, and subse-
quently filtering. Employed subcutaneously in 3-^ Cc. doses as a heart tonic and diuretic. See
Animal Extracts ; also Appendix.

CARDOL.

A b
with ether. Employed externally as a vesicant.

A blistering oil obtained from the pericarps of the Anacardium oecidenkUe, by extraction
)1< "

CARISSIN.

A glucofiid obtained from the bark of Oarissa wata. Resembles strophanthin in action.

38 THE NEWER REMEDIES.

CARNIFERRIN. (D. R. P. Hoechst. )

This isameat preparation, of German production, being a tasteless combination of phospho-
carnic acid and iron (30 per ceut.). It is ^iven in 3-S gr. doses for children and 8 gr. for adults.
It is' readily absorbed and tasteless, and mixes well with acid or alkaline solutions.

C A R N I F E R RO L. Syncnytn : Liquor Garnis Ferro-peptonatus.

An iron preparation of meat peptone, used as a stimulant dietetic.

CARNOLIN.

An aqueous solution containing 1.5 per cent, of formaldehyd; specific gravity 1.0035.
Recommended as a harmless disinfectant and preservative for food.

CARNOSE AND NUTRIMENT08E.

These preparations have been placed on the market in France as dietetics. In their com-
position they closely resemble sanose, which consists approximately of 80 per cent, of casein and
20 per cent, of albumins.

CARPAIN. Ci4H„NOs.

An alkaloid obtained from the leaves of Qirica papaya. Carpain forms handsome, colorless
crystals of a bitter taste, melting at 121° C. (249.8^' F.) ; it readily unites with acids, forming
crystalline salts.

This alkaloid is employed as a substitute for digitalis, being given in doses, hypodermic-
ally, of 0.006-0.01 Gm. (^^ gr.).

CARPOSID.

A glucosid obtained from Carica papaya. It is a white, crystalline, hygroscopic mass.

CARVACROL. C,oH,30H.

A phenol found in the essential oil of Origanum species. It forms a thick fluid, which boils
at 235° Cf. Carvacrol possesses powerful antiseptic properties.

CARVACROL lODID. CioHiaOI. Synonym: lodocrol. This is prepared analogous to
aristol by the action of iodin upon an alkaline solution of carvacrol. It constitutes a orown-
colored JK)wder, which becomes soft at 50° C. (122° F.}, melting at 90° C. (194° F.) to a brown
fluid. It is insoluble in water, slightly soluble in alcohol, readily in ether, chloroform, and
olive oil.

Carvacrol iodid is employed as a substitute for iodoform.

CARYOPHYLLUM GLYCYPHLCEUM. SeeMonesia.

CASANTHROL.

This is the name given by Unna to a mixture of casein ointment with 10 per cent, of the ether
and benzolHSoluble constituents of coal tar. It belongs to the group of so-called water-soluble var-
nishes, and is a thick and tenacious emulsion, from which no fat separates even on warming.
Upon the skin it forms after a few minutes a dry, elastic covering, which, however, does not
hinder the perspiration, but rather tends to increase it. It has a neutral reaction, and may be
mixed with any substance that does not coagulate casein, and can therefore be mixed only with
small quantities of mineral and acid salts, not exceeding 1 per cent. Dr. S. Beck recommends
casanthrol in eczemas of children, prurigo, etc., where it causes no unpleasant secondarv effects.
It is the only tar preparation that can be used in strong concentration (10 per cent.) on the
inflamed skin to advantage.

CASCARINE.

A principle isolated from Oascara sagrada; it is also identical with rhamnoxanthine, which
occurs in Rhamnus franguJa. This principle occurs in colorless, tasteless needles, melting at 200°
0. (392° F.). insoluble in water, but soluble in alcohol. Cascarine is recommended in doses of 2-3
gr. (0.15-0.2 Gm.) daily in treatment of habitual constipation.

CASEIN-MERCURY.

A solution of neutral casein-alkali and mercuric chlorid is concentrated by evaporation or
by precipitation with alcohol. The compound obtained differs from a similar one prepared from
casein and mercuric oxid, in that it is soluble in alkalies. Soluble in water on the addition of
traces of ammonia, sodium bicarbonate,etc. Intended for use as antiseptic.

CASEIN OINTMENT.

Contains, according to Unna, casein, 14 parts ; potassium and sodium hydrates (4:1), 0.43

Farts ; glycerin, 7 parts; vaselin, 21 parts; salicylic acid (or borax), 1 part; water, 56-57 parts,
t forms a thick, white emulsion, and is intended as a base for ointments.

CASEIN-PEPTONE. (MILK-PEPTONE.)

A light-brown powder, easily soluble in water. A nutrient for convalescents, given with
beer, wine, beef-tea, etc., or as rectal injection.

CASEIN-SODIUM.

A soluble, chemically pure albuminoid body, which may be dissolved in milk, cocoa, bouil-
lon, etc., without in the least interfering with the taste of these. Ten Gm. of this preparation
represent 500 Gm. of milk. Casein-sodium is obtained by evaporating and drying the calculated
amounts of casein and sodium hydrate in vacuo.

CASEOIODIN.

A substance similar to thyroiodine, prepared from periodocasein. It is a white powder
containing 8.7 per cent, of iodin. Has been used with good results in struma.

THE NEWER REMEDIES. 39

CATECHU-TANNIC ACID.

A reddish-brown powder obtained from the Acacia catechu. It is employed as an afitrin-
gent to check diarrhea, hemorrhage; also bleeding gums^ ulcerated nipples, epistaxis, etc.

CATHARTIC ACID.

The cathartic principle of senna, which forms brown, hygroscopic scales, readily soluble iti
water and dilate alcohol. ' .Dose : for adults, 0.2&-O.4 Gm. ; for children, 0.12-0.2 Gm.

CEARIN.

This is a new ointment vehicle that is capable of taking up a large proportion of water.
It consists of bleached carnauba wax and paraffin. Garnauba wax can not be bleached in the
pure state, but it may be accomplished by mixing it with beeswax, Japan wax, ceresin, or paraffin.
The several commercial grades of white carnauba wax are not all equally adapted to pharmaceu-
tic purposes. Those prepared with Japan or beeswax should be rc^jected, as they readily
become rancid. For the preparation of the new ointment vehicle, Issleib recommends a mixture
of one-fourth carnauba wax and three-fourths paraffin, bleached by exposure to sunlight only.
This is fused and mixed with four times its weight of liquid petrolatum (sp. gr., 0.88), and the
mixture stirred until cold. It is capable of taking up 15 per cent, of water.

CEDRIN.

Yellow crystals, of persistent bitter taste, obtained from the seeds of Simaha eedron; solu-
ble in water. Recommended by Baillon as febrifuge.

CELLOIDIN.

A highly concentrated collodion obtained by distilling the alcohol off from collodion.
Forms translucent scales soluble in alcohol-ether. Yields a firmer film than collodion.

CEPHALINE.

This is a proprietary medicament composed of antipyrine and powdered, roasted coffee, of
each 5 parts ; caffein and sodium salicylate, of each 2 parts. The mixture is deliquescent. This

S reparation must not be confounded with an alkaloid bearing a similar name (cepheelin), recently
iscovered in ipecac.

CERAL.

Copyrighted synonym for " Pasta Gerata Schleich."

CEREBRIN ALPHA. See Cerebrinin.

CEREBRI NE (Hammond).

The sterilized extract of the brain of the ox. Used in epilepsy, brain diseases, etc. See
Animal Extracts ; also Appendix.

CEREBRININ. Sfynonynu : Cerobrin Alpha ; Liquor Cerebri Sterilisatus.

A fluid extract of fresh calves' brains. Used in chorea and mental diseases. See Appendix.

CEREBRUM EXSICCATUM.

The dried and powdered gray substance of the brain of calves, which has been previously
extracted with ether to remove fat. Used in neurasthenia, chorea, and brain diseases. One part
represents 6 parts of the fresh organ. Dose, 2-4 Gm. per day. Can also be had in tablet form,
each one containing 0.1 Gm. of active substance. See Appendix.

CERES POWDER.

A substance advertised as a preventive of grain smuts. According to the analyses of Hol-
lerung and other German investigators, it is only crude potassium sumd, sold under another
name and at a much higher price.

CETRARIN. CwHieOg.

A bitter principle obtained from Iceland moss {Cktraria islandica). It forms colorless
crystals of a bitter taste, difficultly soluble in cold, but very soluble in hot, alcohol.

Cetrariri increases jlkeristalsis, likewise the secretion of saliva, bile, and pancreatic juice.
Internal dose is 0.1-0.2 Gm. (1.5-3 gr.).

CHAMPAGNE-MILK.

A new beverage bearing this name has recently been put on the market by a Frenchman
It is stated to be prepared in the following manner: Cream is sweetened with syrup, placed in a
closed vessel, in which it is sterilized by passing a current of oxygen through it, and then charged
with carbonic acid.

C H ELE N . See Ethyl Chlorid.

CHELIDONIUM SALTS (Phosphate; Sulfate; Tannate).

The two former salts are readily soluble ; the latter, which contains 53.5 per cent, of alka-
loid, is only soluble in alcohol. Used as a mild narcotic in cancerous conditions of the stomach
and enteralgia, in doses of 0.05-0.2 Gm. of the sulfate and 0.2 Gm. of the tannate.

CHEMIA.

A proprietary antiseptic.

CHINAPTHOL. Synonym : Beta-napthol-alpha-monosulfonate of Quinin.

A yellow, crystalline, bitter powder, insoluble in cold, but somewhat so in hot, water and
alcohol. In the intestines, chinapthol decomposes into quinin and napthol-suifonic acid. Used
as intestinal antiseptic in abdominal typhus, dysentery, intestinal tuberculosis, puerperal condi-
tions, etc., in daily doses of 0.5-to 5 Gm.

40 THE NEWER REMEDIES,

CHINASEPTOL. See under Chi Qolin.

CHINIDIN AND SALTS. See Quinidin.

CHININ AND SALTS. SeeQuiniD.

CHININUM BIMURIATICUM CARBAMIDATUM. See Quinin Dihydrochlo-
rld-carbamate.

CHINOFORM.

A compound of formaldehyd with cincho-tannic acid, obtained by precipitating an aque-
ous extract of cinchona bark (to which formaldehyd has been added), by the addition of hydro-
chloric acid. Uses, same as those of tannoform. ^

C H I N O L. G»Ht^ • HCl. Synonym* : Chinolin or Quinolin Monohydrochlorid.

White, crystalline, odorless powder, soluble in water and alcohol. Antiseptic like chinolin.

CHINOLIN. C.H7N. (QUINOLIN.)

A tertiary amin, obtained by the distillation of quinin or dnchonin with potassium
hydrate, or, as srnthesized by Skraup, by heating a mixture of nitrobenzol, aniUn, glycerin,
and sulfuric acid. Pure chinolin is a yellowish-colored liquid, of aromatic odor, sp. gr. 1.084,
and boiling at 237° G. (468.6° F.). It is almost insoluble in water, very soluble in alcohol and
ether. Chinolin Ib antis^tic, antixymotic, and antipyretic ; being employed chiefly as a tooth-
and mouth-wash (0.2 per cent.).

Chinolin unites readily with the acids, forming soluble crystalline salts.

ACETO-ORTHO-AMIDO-CHINOLIN. C^H^N (NHCHgCO). This preparaUon is an
analogue of acetanilid, in which chinolin replaces the phenyl radicle. It forms colorless crys-
tals, which melt at 102.6° G. It possesses antipyretic properties.

CHINOLIN, ACETO-OBTHO-AMIDO. See Aceto-ortho-amido-chinolin.

CHINOLIN SALICYLATE. CHrNCrHflOa. A white crvstelUne powder, soluble in 80

Earts of water, very soluble in alcohol, ether, glycerin, and the oils. Antifebrile and antiseptic
1 doses of 0.5-1 Gm. (8-15 gr.).

CHINOLIN TARTRATE. (C^HyNja (C4HeO«)4. Occurs in colorless, rhombic crystals,
soluble in 80 parts of cold water, less so in not water, soluble in 150 parts of alcohol. Its proper-
ties and doses are similar to the aboye.

DIAPHTHERIN {OXY-CHIN-ASEPTOL). HO.C«HeN.H808.C8HL.OH.C«H«N.OH. This
is a compound of one molecule of oxychinolin with one molecule of phenoisulfonate of ozychin-
olin. It forms clear, yellow crystals, soluble in water and melting at 85° G. (185° F.). Diapb-
therin possesses antiseptic properties equal to those of carbolic acid, as also the advantages of
solubility and of being non-poisonous. It is employed in ^1 percent, solution. The solution
readily attacks surgical instruments.

By authority of Professor Emmerich, diaphtherin is superior to phenol or lysol as antiseptic.

DIAPHTOL {CHINASEPTOL). C^H* (OH) (SOgH) N. This iff an ortho-oxychinolin-
meta-sulfonic acid, bearing the same relation to chinolin as pbenol-sulfonic acid does to benzol.
It forms yellowisn-colored crystals, which are onhr slightly soluble in cold water, melting at
296° G. (663° F.). Its aqueotis solution, like that of diaphtherin, gives a green color with ferric
cblorid. The properties of diaphtol are similar to those of diaphtherin ; also used as a substi-
tute for salol.

KAIRIN. C9Hio(G2H5) NO.HGl. Sywmyms: Ethyl Kairin ; Kairin A: Oxy-chinolin-
ethylhydrid. This is a derivative of chinolin ; its method of preparation is complicated. Kairin
was the first synthetic substitute for quinin. It was recommended as an antipyretic in doses
of 0.5-1 Gm. (8-15 gr.).

KAIROLIN. C»Hio (C2H6) N.H08O4. Synonyms: Eairolin A and M; Chinolin-ethyl-
hydrid (A) • Chinolinmethylhydrid (M). Kairin M is the hydrochlorid of a/pAo-oxy-chinolin-
methyltetrahydrid, while kairolin A and M are the acid sulfates of ethyl-chinolin-tetrahydrid
• and methyl-chinolin-tetrahydrid, respectively. These remedies are not employed since the dis-
covery of other antipyretics.

LORETIN. This is a meta-iodo-ortho-oxychinolin-ana-sulfonic acid (C»H4lOH-808H-N),
a powerful antiseptic discovered by Glaus. It forms a yellow, inodorous, crystalline powder,
which is only very slightly soluble in water (1 : 1000), insoluble in ether and the oils, melting at
about 270° G. (518° F. ). Loretin forms a valuable suostitute for iodoform, having the advantage
of being free from odor and toxic effect. It is employed as a dusting-powder, either alone or
diluted, in 5-10 per cent, ointments and 0.1-0.2 per cent, aqueous solutions. (D. R. P. Hoechst.)

LORETIN METHYL. See Methyl Loretin.

RHODANATE (Sulfocyanate). GgH7N<^jj Forms white crystals, melting at 140° C.

^284° F.), soluble in cold water to the extent of 3.5 per cent, very soluble in hot water. A power-
mi bactericide in O.S-8 per cent, solutions.

SULFOCYANATE. See Chinolin Rhodanate.

THERMIFUGIN. C»H7N(CH8)(OH)COONa. Syn(mym: Methyl-trihydro-oxychinolin-
carboxylate of Sodium.

This compound forms colorless crystals, which are readily soluble in water, the solution
becoming brown on standing. Employed as an antipyretic in doses of 0.1-0.25 Gm. (1.5-3.8 gr. ).

CHINOPICRIC ACID.

A quinin compound of doubtful activity.

CHINOPYRINE. See Quinopyrine.
CHINORAL. SeeGuinoraL

THE NEWER REMEDIES. 41

CHIN OSO L. GsH^NO . SOsK + Aq. Synonym : Oxy-chiDolin sulfonate of potassium.

Forms a yellow powder which is soluble in water, insoluble in alcohol and ether. Its aqueous
solution gives a green color with ferric chlorid. Used as antiseptic, astringent, and styptic
externally ; internally as antipyretic. A solution 1 : 40,000 prevents bacterial development.

Pulv. chinosol Co. consists of chinosol, chinaseptol, talc, and silica.

CHLORAL-ACETOPHENON-OXIME. (CfjHB.CHj.C = NO.CH.OH C Clj).

Obtained by the interaction between molecular quantities of chloral and aceto-phenon-
oxime at low temperature. This body forms colorless, prismatic crystals, soluble in alccmol and
ether, melting at 91° C. (177.8*^ F.), and when broueht into contact with acids decomposes into
lis constitueuts. Thisremedy is used in treatment of epilepsy and tetanus.

CHLORALAMID. GCls CH . OH . NH . COH. Synonym: Chloral-formamid.

This is prepared by interaction between chloral (CGlsCOH) and formamid (HCONHs).
Ghloralamid. forms colorless crystals, which melt at 115° G. {239° F.), soluble in 20 parts of cold
water and about l^^of alcohol ; it should not be heated with water. (D. R. P. Sobering. )

It is employed as a substitute for chloral hydrate, in doses of 1-8 Gm. (1&-45 gr. ).

CHLORAL-AMMONIUM. GGlsGH . OH . NH|.

This should not be confused with ChiorcUamid. Ghloral-ammonium is obtained by passing
a current of dry ammonia gas into a solution of chloral in chloroform. It forms colorless needles,
which melt at 84° G. (183.2° F.), almost insoluble in water; when boiled with water it is decom-
posed into chloroform and ammonium formate.

It is used as a hypnotic and analgesic in doses of from 1-2 6m. (15-30 gr.).

CHLORAL AMYL.

A mixture of chloroform and amyl nitrite. Used as anesthetic.

CHLORAL-ANTIPYRINE. (MONO-GHLOR-ANTIPYRINE.) See under Ant ipyrine.
CHLORAL-CAFFEIN.

A combination of chloral and caffein in aqueous or alcoholic solution, prepared by a
patented process, possessing (over caffein) the advantage of ready solubility.

CHLORAL CYANHYDRATE. GGI3GHO.HCN. Synonyma: Ghloral Hydrocyanin;
Chloral Gyanhydrin.

White, rhombic plates, with odor of hydrocyanic acid and chloraL Soluble in water, alco-
hol, and ether. Fairly stable in solution. Decomposed by alkalies. 1.29 parts dissolved in 9
parts distilled water equivalent to U. 8. P. 2 per cent, hydrocyanic acid ; 6 parts in 1000 parts
water = bitter almond water of Germ. Pharm. ; 646 parts hydrocyanid contain 1 part pure
HCN. Recommended as substitute for hydrocyanic acid or bitter aunond water.

CHLORAL FORMAMID. (D. R. P. Schering.) See Ghloralamid.
CHLORALIMID. CCljCH-NH. (D. R. P. Schering.)

This body is obtained by heating chloral-ammonium. Ghloralimid is a crystalline powder,
which is almost insoluble in water, easily in alcohol ; mineral acids decompose it into chloroform
and ammonia salt Its properties are those of a hypnotic, in doses of 1-4 Gm. (15-60 gr. ) . Decom-
posed by mineral acids.

CHLORALIN.

A fluid which contains mono- and tri-chloro-phenol. Used as antiseptic in 2-3 per cent,
solution in gynecology ; also as a gargle in ^-1 per cent, solution.

CHLORALOSE. CgHnClaO^. Synonym: Anhydrogluco-chloral.

This is a compound of chloral with grape sugar. Chloralose forms fine colorless needles,
which melt at 1840-186° C. (363.2°-366.8° F. ), soluble in 170 parts of cold water, readily so in alco-
hol. It is employed as a hypnotic (substitute for chloral), in doses of 0.2-0.5 Gm. (3-8 gr.).

CHLORALOXIMES.

These are a class of bodies which consist of compounds of chloral with various oxinies.
Among the more important of these are chloralcieetoxime, chloral camp?ioroxime, chloral acelald'
oxime, chloral henzaldoxime^ chloral nitroto-heta^napthol^ etc. These compounds are soluble in
alcohol and decomposed by heating with water. They are intended as hypnotics, the dosage
not having been determined.

CHLORAL PHENOL.

A mixture of 1 part of chloral hydrate and 8 parts of phenol.

CHLORAL THYMOL.

A mixture of equal parts of chloral hydrate and thymoL

CHLORAL URETHANE. SeeUraUum.
CHLOR-ETH YL. See Ethyl Chlorid:
CHLOR-ETHYLIDEN. See Ethyliden Chlorid.

CHLORHYDROPHOSPHATE OF CALCIUM, SYRUP.

Each dose contains creosote (or guaiaool), 0.1 Gm.; calcium chlorhydrophoephate,0.5Qm. ;
tolu balsam, 0.2 Gm. This preparation is used in the treatment of rachitis.

C H LO R I D E N . See Ethyliden Chlorid.

CHLOR-METHYL. See Methyl Chlorid.

42 THE NEWER REMEDIES,

CHLORO-ALBUMIN.

A compound obtained bj the action of chlorin on peptone, albumoses, or protogen.

CHLOROBROM.

A solution of 6 parts each of chloralimid and potassium bromid in 58 parts of water.
Used as a hypnotic, especially in the treatment of the insane. Dose, one tablespoonful.

CHLOROFORM (AnschUtz). (c«H4<^^) 4 . 2CHC18. iSynonym: Salicylid Chloroform.

A crystalline salicylid-chloroform, which yields chloroform in a very pure state on appli-
cation of gentle heat, to be liberated at the time when wanted for use. •

CHLOROFORM (Pictet).

A very pure chloroform obtained by crystallization at very low temperature.

CHLOROGENIN. See Alstonin.

CHLOROIODOLIPOL.

A mixture of chlorinated phenols and creosote. Used as strong disinfectant for closets, sputa
of consumptives, etc., also as antiseptic in surgery and gynecology. In latter instances a 2-^ per
cent, solution is employed. For inhalation in diseases of the air-passages, a 5 per cent, solution
is used.

CHLOROL.

A solution of 1 part each of corrosive sublimate, sodium chlorid, and hydrochloric acid,
and 3 per cent, of copper sulfate in 100 parts of water. Used as disinfectant and antiseptic.

CHLOROLIN.

An antiseptic solution containing chiefly mono- and tri-chloro-phenol. It is recommended
as an effectual disinfectant for cesspools, closets, hospitals, etc. As an antiseptic wash in surgical
operations a 2-3 per cent, solution is strong enough. An antiseptic soap is also prepared from it.

CHLORO-NAPTHOL.

A non-poisonous substitute for carbolic acid as disinfectant. It is said to be a combination
creosote with an alkali.

CHLORO-PHENOL (Mono). CeH4<Qgi2V Synonynu:^ Mono-chloro-phenol ; Ortho-
mono-chloro-phenol.

The preparation employed under this name consists of a mixture of ortho-mono-chlor-

{»henol (7 parts) and alcohol, eugenol, and menthol (together 3 parts). This liquid is employed
n diseases of the respiratory organs, from 16-30 drops being inhaled daily.

PARA' MONO-CHLORO-PHENOL. CeH4(Cl).OH(l:4). This is a crystalline body re-
sulting from the chlorination of phenol, possessing greater antiseptic power than the other
two isomers. It melts at 40° C. (104*^ F.), is readily soluble in alcohol, but sparingly in water;
it is employed as a 1-2 per cent, ointment in treatment of erysipelas.

TRI-CHLORr-PHENOL. C«H2(Cl8).OH. Synonym: Omal. This is a derivative of car-
bolic acid, in which 3 atoms of hydrogen are replaced by chlorin ; it occurs in the form of
colorless, needle-like crystals, with an odor of phenol; melts at 68° C. (164.4° F.). It is em-
ployed as a 1-2 per cent, ointment in treatment of erysipelas.

CHLOROSIN.

A chlorin compound of albumin. Used in gastric affections (catarrh and carcinoma).

CHLOR-SALOL. C«H4(OH)CO.OC«H4Cl. Synonyms: Chlorophenol Salicylate; Salicylic-
chlorophenol-ester.

This is prepared by the action of phosphorus penta-chlorid on a mixture of ortho- and
para-chloropbenol. Ghloro-salol— that is, the ortho-chloro-phenyl-ester — forms colorless crystals,
which melt at 55° C. (131° F. ), while those of the para-phenyl-ester melt at 72° C. (161.6° F.}.
Both are insoluble in water and soluble in alcohol. The orMo- compound is used as an antiseptic
in surgery, while the para- is used internally in place of salol. Daily dose, 4-6 Gm. (60-90 gr.).

CHLORYL. Synonym: Coryl.

This name has been applied to a mixture of methyl and ethyl chlorids. It is a liquid at
0° C; employed as an anesthetic, being milder in effect than ethyl chlorid. Also local anesthetic.

CHOLESTERIN and Biliary Salts as Antidotes for Snake Poisons.

It has recently been shown that minute quantities of the gall of snakes or mammals are
capable of neutralizing fatal doses of snake poison. C. Phisalix has further determined that
cholesterin and thesalts contained in gall possess an immunizing power against snake venom, but
lose this power when they have been heated to 120° C. The action is not that of antitoxins. It
is an interesting fact that cholesterin has this power notwithstanding its sparing solubility and
feeble chemic affinities. This action is at present difficult to explain, and appears to be the
first example of a definite chemic compound behaving like a lymph.

CHOLIN. C5H16NO2. Synonyms: Bilineurin ; Sinkolin.

A 5 per cent, solution of this base is used in diphtheritis.

CHROATOL. C10H16.2HI. Synonym: Terpin-iodo-hydrate.

Greenish-yellow aromntic crystals, insoluble in water, slightly in ether and chloroform.
Quite soluble in alcohol, benzol, and acetic ether. Dermal application in psoriasis, alopecia, etc.,
in powder or ointment.

THE NEWER REMEDIES, 43

CHROMOSOT.

Said to consist chiefly of sodium sulfite and sulfate. Used as a disinfectant.

CHRYSA ROBIN. Cz^vf>i-

A principle obtained from Groa powder, which is a concretion found in the stem and branches
of Andira araroba. It is a light yellow, crystalline powder, very slightly soluble in water,
slightly soluble in alcohol, ether, and chloroform, freely soluble in alkalies. By oxidation
chrysarobin is converted into chrysophanic acid. It is employed chiefly in treatment of various
skin diseases, in ointment of 10 per cent, strength.

C H R YSO I DI N . (CeHfi — N = N — CeH8(NHs)jHCl). Synonym : Diamido-azo-benzol Hydro-
chlorid.

A red-brown, crystalline powder, which dissolves in water with a brown color. Used as
disinfectant mouth-wash.

CHRYSOTOXIN.

According to Jacobi, this principle, isolated firom ergot, is identical to " spasmotin," and
represents all the activity of the drug. The soluble sodium salt is used subcutaneously.

CINCHONIN-HERAPATHIT. See Antiseptol.

CINCHONIN-IODOSULFATE. See AntiseptoL

C I N EO L. See Eucalyptol.

CINNAMIC ACID. C«Hft . CH = CH . GOOH. Synmynit: Acid Cinnamic; Betarphenyl-
acrylic Acid.

This occurs naturally in Peru and tolu balsams ; it is obtained synthetically by heating
benzaldehyd and acetyl-chlorid together under pressure. It forms colorless to yellowish,
glossy plates, of melting-point 133^ C. (271.4° F.). Insoluble in cold, but quite soluble in boiling
water.

It is employed, in form of an emulsion or alcoholic solution, as hypodermic injection in
the treatment of tubercular affections.

9^ Acid cinnamylic 5. Gra.

01. amygdal. dulc, 10. "

Vitelliovi, No. 1.

Solut. natrii chlorati (0.7 per cent.), q. s.

Misce et fiat emulsio.
D. S. injection, 0.1-1 Cc.

CINNAMOL. SeeStyrol.

CINNAMYL-EUGENOL. See under Eugenol.
CINNAMYL-GUAIACOL. See under Guaiacol.
CITROPHEN. C8H4(OH)(CO. NH. C«H40C2H6)8. (D. R. P. Hoechst.)

A compound of citric acid and para-phenetidin, (C«H4<[jJ]^ *) , with three phenetidin

Soups to one molecule of citric acid. It forms a white, crystalline powder of acidulous taste, soluble
about 40 parts of cold water (which recommends it for subcutaneous injections) ; melts at 181° C.
(368° F.). Citrophen is recommended as an antipyretic and antineuralgic in doses of 0.5-1
Gm. (8-15 gr.).

CITRUREA. (CITRULEA?)

Tablets containing urea, citric acid, and lithium bromid. Used in uric acid diathesis.

COBALT SALIPYRINE. (ANTIPYRINE COBALT SALICYLATE.)
A pale red powder, which becomes blue when fused.

COCAIN SALTS. Cxi^^^O^C.

Only the more important of the new combinations will be given. The doses are essentially
the same as in that of the hydrochlorid.

COCAIN-ALUMINUM CITRATE. A double salt consisting of 3 molecules of alum-
inum citrate and 1 of cocain. A crystalline salt readily soluble in hot water, insoluble in
alcohol. Used as astringent ; local anesthetic.

COCAIN-ALUMINUM SULFATE. This double compound of cocain and aluminum
sulfate is obtained by mixing together solutions of cocain and aluminum sulfate, evaporating
and crystallizing. Used same as above Cocain-aluminum Citrate.

COCAIN BORATE is employed for subcutaneous injections and eye douches. It is

{(referable to all other salts of cocain, because of the stability of its aqueous solutions and the
ndifference of the boric acid.

COCAIN CANTH ARID ATE is a white inodorous powder, somewhat soluble in hot
water, insoluble in alcohol. Used subcutaneously in tuberculosis of larynx and catarrhal pro-
cesses of the upper air-passages.

COCAIN LACTATE is a soft mass, readily soluble in water; it is of value in treat-
ment of cystitis. Daily, 1 Gm. in 9 Gm. water injected into bladder after evacuation.

COCAIN NITRATE, ia employed in combination with silver nitrate in treatment of
diseases of the genito-urinary tract.

COCAIN PHENATE, or CARBOLATE, forms a soft mass, insoluble in water, very
soluble in alcohol. This salt is employed subcutaneously as a local anesthetic, also as a local
application ; stronger solutions are required to produce the same degree of auesthesia as with
the hydrochlorid.

44 THE NEWER REMEDIES,

COCAIN SACCHARATE fomiB hygroscopic, crystalline plates. A 5 per cent, solution
of this salt corresponds to a 4 per cent, solution of the hydrochlorid. Because of its sweet taste
it is preferred for throat applications.

COCAIN SALICYLATE fonns thick plates readily soluhle in water and alcohol.
Used suboutaneously in spasmodic asthma. Dose, 0.3 Gm.

COCAIN STEARATE, (CnHt|N04.Ci7Ha6COOH), obtoined directly from its components
or by interaction between sodium stearate and cocain hydrochlorid. Applied in oleaginous
solution, 0.5 Gm. dissolved in 50 Gm. almond oil; in ointments, 0.5 Gm. to 50 Gm. of vaselin ;
in suppositories, 0.02 Gm. of the stearate to 2.5 Gm. of cacao-butter. Used in place of the oleate
in ointments and suppositories.

COCAPYRINE.

A mixture of 100 parts of antip^rine and 1 part of cocain. Administered in pastilles, each
containing 0.2 Gm. (3 gr.) of antipyrine and 0.002 Gm. (^ of a gr.) of cocain.

CODEIN HYDRIODID. See Iodic Acid.

CODEIN PHOSPHATE. Ci8H„N03.H8P04 + 2HjO,

This salt occurs in fine colorless needles, has a bitter taste, is readily soluble in water and
sparingly in alcohol. Codein phosphate is adapted as a substitute for morphin for administra-
tion to children ; also employed in most affections of the respiratory org^s, etc. Dose, 0.025-
0.05 Gm. {%-% gr.) ; suboutaneously, 0.02-0.05 Gm.

CODOL. SeeBetinoL

COLCHICEIN. CsiHa(0H)N05 + >iAq.

When colchicin is boiled with dilute sulfuric acid it is converted into colchicein and
methyl alcohol. Colchicein forms white crystals, which are soluble in water and alcohol. It
should be dispensed with caution, the dose being 0.0005-0.001 Gm. (xim^ K^-) subcutaneously.

COLCHICINE. CaHaftNOe.

An alkaloid obtained from Cblchieum aulumnale. Colchicine forms a yellowish-white
amorphous powder, which is readily soluble in water and alcohol ; melts at 145° C. (293° F.). It
is employed in treatment of rheumatism, sciatica, etc., in doses of lio-Tiv S^-

COLCHICINE-SALICYLATE. See Colchisal.

COLCHISAL. (COLCHICINE SALICYLATE.)

A -yellow, amorphous powder, soluble in water, alcohol, and ether. It is a remedy for
arthritis, rheuma, ana gout, m doses of 0.00075 Gm. (^^ gr.).

COLEY'S FLUID.

A mixture of erysipelas and prodigiosus toxins, recommended for the treatment of tumors.

COLLiETINA.

A proprietary lanolin-rubber adhesive plaster.

COLLAFORM.

A formaldehyd-gelatin preparation intended as a vulnerary.

COLLIGAMEN.

A bandage prepared with glycerin and a glycerin-sine paste and impregnated with medica-
ments to suit varying conditions.

COLOCYNTHIN.

A white to yellow powder. Used as laxative in doees of 0.05-0.1 Gm.

COLUTINIC ACID.

Occurs in white needles, soluble in alcohol, insoluble in water.

CONIIN HYDROBROMID. CgHnN.HBr.

This is the hydrobromid of the liquid alkaloid Conlin, which is obtained from the seeds
of Oonium maculatum. It forms colorless crystals, which are soluble in water. Employed in the
treatment of cardiac aathma in doses of 0.003-0.005 Gm. {^r^ &>*•)•

CONTRADOLIN.

"Combination of salicylic acids and phenol with acetamid." Antizymotic, analgesic,
antineurotic, and anodyne. Dose, 0.25-0.5 Gm. (4-8 gr.) hourly.

CONVALLAMARIN. C28H44O12.

A glucosid obtained from roots of CbnvcUlaria majalU. It is a white powder, very bitter,
soluble in water and alcohol. Employed as a cardiac stimulant in doses of 0.05 Gm. (% gr.).

CONVALLARIN.

Glucosid from Convallaria majcUu, not to be confounded with convallamarin. Crystals
very soluble in alcohol, insoluble in water. Drastic purgative.

CONVOLVULIN.

A glucosid obtained from the root of Ipomaea purga and other plants of the same genus.
An amorphous mass, insoluble in water, readily so in alcohol and acetic acid. Convolvulin is a
powerful purgative. Dose, 0.06-0.13 Gm. (1-2 gr.).

COPRAOL.

A fat similar to cacao-butter, presumably prepared from coca-nut oil, melting at 30.3° C,
and congealing at 21° C. When mixed with glycerin copraol is used in making suppositories.

THE NEWER REMEDIES. 45

CORDEINE. See Methyl-tri-bromo-salol, under Salol.
C O R D O L . See Tri-bromo-salol, under Salol.
CORDYL. See Acetyl-tribromo-ealol, under Salol.

CORNESIN.

" An oil recommended as a cure for cataracts, and claimed to be a product of the muscle*
substance of a rare deep-sea fish, caught only at a certain time of the year in South American
waters." The remedy bears a very close resemblance to cod-liver oil.

CORNUTIN (Kobert-Keller).

One of the active principles of ergot. A reddish to yellowish-colored powder (Kobert's), or
white crystals (Keller's), which readily forms salts with acids. It is recommended to relieve
hemorrhage arising from abortion, also to increase the vigor of labor-pains. The dose is 0.005
Gm. (Agr-)-

OORONILLIN.

A gluoosid obtained from the seeds of Oonmilla tcorpUndes; forms a pale yellow, bitter
powder, soluble in water and alcohol, almost insoluble in ether. Strengthens the action of the
pulse aud increases diuresis. Dose, 0.06-0.13 Gm. (1-2 gr.).

CORYL. SeeChloryl.

COSAPRIN. (c«H4<|^^^^^-^^3)^. (D. R. P. Hoffmann-LaRoche.)

The acetyl compound of sodium sulfanilate. Forms white, crystalline mass, soluble in
water, slightly so in alcohol ; when heated with acids it undergoes decomposition. It is an ener-
getic antipyretic, claimed to have several advantages over acetanilid.

COSMIN. SeeAgathin.

COTARNIN HYDROCHLORID. "STYPTICIN." C1aHiBNO4.HCl.H2O.

Yellow, water-soluble crystals, obtained by the oxidation of narcotin, melting at 132*^ C,
used as a styptic. In styptic action it resembles hydrastinin, but is also sedative ana
analgesic. It is used in violent hemorrhages by subcutaneous injection in the gluteal region,
particularly in hemorrhages of the uterus, excessive menstruation, etc. It is not suitable as a

Sreventative of abortion. Dose, for excessive menstruation, 0.025 Gm. (| gr.) in gelatin capsules
ve times daily, during four or five days before menstruation, and during the first days of the flow
0.05 Gm. (I gr.) four or five times daily; subcutaneously, 0.2 Gm. (3 gr.) in 10 per cent, solution.

COTOIN- CjbHi«0«.

A neutral principle obtained from the coto bark. It forms an amorphous or crystalline
powder, which melts at 130° C. (266° F.), slightly soluble in water, freely soluble in alcohol and
ether. Cotoin is employed in treatment of cholera, dysentery, etc. ; it is also said to relieve
night-sweats. The dose is 0.03-^.3 Gm. (3^-5 gr.). Contraindlcated in intestinal hyperemia
with tendency to bleeding.

COTOIN-PARA. (PARA-COTOIN.)

Yellow crystalline substance melts at 160° C. (302° F.). Used same as true cotoin, but
only one-half as strong.

COU MARIN. SeeCumarin.

CREALBIN.

An albumin compound of creolin belonging to the same class as "tannalbin" and "ich-
thalbin." It is prepared by adding a mixture of 100 parts of Pearson's creolin and 1000 parts of
water to 1000 parts of a 10 per cent, albumin solution. After thoroughly agitating, sufficient 10
per cent, hydrochloric acid is added to completely precipitate the crealbin formed. The precipi-
tate is collected upon a strainer, washed, dried, first upon a water-bath, then finally between 116°
and 120° C. This preparation is intended as a form of creolin for internal use.

CREATIN. -Synonym*.- Kreatin; Methyl-guanidine-acetic Acid. NH: C(NH2)N.(CH8)CHy-
COOH + H2O.

Constituent of muscular tissue. Opaque, white solid, with bitter, acrid taste. The mono-
hydrate occurs in transparent prisms. Soluble in 70 water. Muscular, heart, and digestive tonic.
Dose, 1^ gr., 3 to 6 times daily.

C R EO FO R M . See under Geoform.

CREOLALBIN.

A synonym for crealbin, a creolin-albumin compound for internal use.

CREOLI N . See under Cresol.

CREOLINUM VIENNENSE ABASICUM.

According to Garvalowski, this contains phenols, 25.2 per cent. ; resins and fatty acids,
5.3 per cent. ; indifferent hydrocarbons, 65.3 per cent. ; ash, 0.9 per cent. ; water, 3.3 per cent.

CREOSAL. (TANNOSAL.)

The tannic acid ester of creosote, containing 60 per cent, of the latter. A compound ob-
tained by heating a mixture of equal parts of tannin and creosote at 80° C., then adoing phos-
phorus oxychlond and continuing the heat until gas ceases to be evolved. The mass |s mixed
with dilute sodium hydrate solution, whereby creosal separates; this is well washed and dried.
Creosal is a hygroscopic, dark-brown powder, which is readily soluble in water, alcohol, and
glycerin. Creosal is recommended in powder-form or aqueous solution in place of creosote, being
decomposed in the intestines into tannin and creosote. Dose, 1-9 Gm. daily. The commercial
solution contains 1 Gm. tannosal in each tablespoon ful.

46 THE NEWER REMEDIES.

CREOSOFORM.

A combination of creosote and formaldehyd ; possessed of powerful antiseptic properties.

CREOSOL. C0H3.CH8 (OH) (O.CHs). Sywmyfnt: Homo-pyrocatechin-methyl Ether ; Homo-
guaiacol.

This occurs, along with guaiacol, as a constituent of beech-wood tar creosote. It is an oily-
like liquid, of aromatic odor, boiling at TSfP G. (428^ F.), only slightly soluble in water. Recom-
mended as an antis^tic

CREOSO-M AON ESOL.

Composed of potassium hydroxid, creosote, and calcined magnesia. Forms a hard mass,
readily pulyerizable, made into pills with honey ; each pill contains 0.08 Gm. creosote.

CREOSOTAL.

This compound is analogous to euaiacol carbonate, but is prepared directly from beecb-
wood creosote, instead of guaiacol. It forms a thick, brownish, inodorous oil, insoluble in
water. Creosotal is preferred to creosote for internal administration, since it is readily absorbed
and free from all disturbing symptoms which accompany creosote itself. Dose is 3-15 minims.
(D. R. P. ▼. Heyden.)

CREOSOTE (Beech wood). SeeU. S. P.

CREOSOTE (Coal Tar).

Impure carbolic acid boiling between 200^-225° C. It is poisonous, hence should never be
substituted for the comparatiyely narmless wood-creosote.

CREOSOTE-CALCIUM-CHLORHYDRO-PHOSPHATE.

A white, syrupy mass, consisting of a mixture of creosote carbonate and calcium-chlor-
hydro-phosphate. Recommended in phthisis and scrofula. Dose, 5-10 gr.

1^. Creosote-calc.-chlorhyd.-pho8p., 5-10 Gm.

Mucilag. chondri, 15 "

01. amyg. dulc, 25 "

Syr. tolutani, 25 *'

Aq. flor. aurant, 75 *'

M. f. emulsio.
Dose, two teaspoomfuls daily.

CREOSOTE CARBONATE. See under Guaiacol.
CREOSOTE-MAGNESIA. See Magnesia Creosotata.

CREOSOTE OLEATE.

A pale-yellowish, almost inodorous oil, of perceptible creosote taste, insoluble in water.
Used for same purposes as creosote. Dose, for adults, 3-10 Gm.

CREOSOTE PHOSPHATE. (P04(C6H7)s). Synonym: Tri-creosote phosphate.

Obtained by interaction between creosote and phosphoric anhydrid in presence of sodium.
A fluid containing 75 per cent, of creosote and smelling like the latter, insoluble in water, solu-
ble in alcohol. Proposed as a substitute for creosote.

CREOSOTE VALERATE, ^^nonym ; Eosot.

A non-caustic fluid, which boils at 240° C. Used in tuberculosis and intestinal diseases.
Dose, 0.2 Gm., in capsule.

/CHj
CREOSOTIC ACID. CeHj^-OH iS^ynonynw ; Cresotinio Acid ; Oxytoluic Acid ; Homo-
salicylic Acid. \C00H.

This may exist as an ortho-, meta-, or para- modification, hence is frequently designated in
the plural, as creosotic acids. They bear the same relation to toluene (CeHsCHs) that salicylic
acid does to benzene (CeHe), being then hydroxy toluic acid. They are prepaid from the sodium
cresylates by a process (Kolbe's) analo^us to that used in the manufacture of salicylic acid.
The para compound, which crystallizes in white needles, melting at 151° C. (303.8° F.), is the only
one that is employed in medicine in the form of a sodium salt.

CRESALOLS. CeH^ (OH) CO3C6H4.CH8. Synonyrns: Cresol Salicylates ; Cresol Salols.

Ortho-, meta^-, and pararcresalol are the salicylic esters of the cresols, analogous to betol and
salol, and prepared in a similar manner. A mixture of sodium salicylate and cresylate, in molec-
ular proportions, is heated with phosphorus oxychlorid ; either ortho-, meta-, or para-cresalol
is obtained, according to the sodium salt used. These three isomeric cr^alols form bulky, white,
crystalline powders, insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol and ether, and sparingly so in oils.
The ortho-cresalol melts at 35° C. (95° F.), the meta-cresalol at 74° C. (165.2° F.), and the parar-
cresalol at 39° C. (102.2° F.).

Externally the cresalols are recommended as antiseptic dusting-powders, also internally as
a substitute for salol, being split up in the system into cresol and salicylic acid. Dose, 0.25-2
Gm. See also Salol.

CRESAMINE.

This body is a mixture of ethylene diamin and tricresol (containing ortho-, meta-, and
para-cresol). It is said to be a very powerful germicide and antiseptic.

CRESAPROL.

Closely allied to cresin, and consists of a solution of cresol in a solution of sodium ores-
oxyl-acetate.

CRESIN. (CRESAPROL.)

Obtained by dissolving cresol (25 per cent.) in a solution of sodium cresoxyl-acetate.
Brown, clear fluid, soluble in water and alcohol. Said to be less toxic than phenol. Used as
wound disinfectant in ^-1 per cent, solution.

THE NEWER REMEDIES, 47

CRESOCHIN.

Composed of neutral chinoIiD-tricresyl-sulfonate, and a compound of chinolin with tri-
cresol. Soluble to the extent of 6 per cent, in water, and contains 30 per cent, of chinolin and 17
per cent, of tricresol. Used chiefly for disinfecting instruments, alao in gynecology, in 0.1-0.2
per cent, solutions.

CRESOL SALICYLATE. See Cresalols.

CRESOL SALOLS. See Cresalols.

CRESOL, or TH E CRESOLS. C6H4<g^^«W- Synonym* : Cresylic Acid ; Meta-cresol ;
Kresol.

The cresols, of which three isomerides exist (ortho-, meta-, para-), are homologuesof phenol
and derivatives of toluene^ They are obtained by the fractional distillation of that portion of
coal-tar oil which comes over between 190°-210^ C. The three isomerides are exceedingly diffi-
cult to separate ; of these the meta-cresol is the most powerful antiseptic. All the cresols possess
a creosote-like odor, their antiseptic properties are superior to those of carbolic acid, and they
are far less poisonous. The only hindrance to their general employment is their insolubility in
water. During the past few years yarious soluble preparations introduced have again brought
them into notice; m these the cresol (o-m-p) is rendered soluble by the addition of soap
ISapocarboly Lysol, Oreolin, P/ienolin, SaprocresoL etc.), or an alkali forming soluble cresylates
{SolveoL Solutol)t or by conversion into soluble sulfonic acid derivatives {Artmann^s Oreolin).

The following are preparations of cresol which have been introduced as antiseptics in
surgery:

ANTINONNIN is a preparation of ortho-dinitro-cresol potassium, appearing in trade in
the form of a soap. It is employed in a 1 : 1000 solution for the destruction or insects and fungi.

BENZOYL-PARA-CRESOL (Para-cresol benzoate), CeHsCOO. C«H4 (CHj), is prepared
by the reaction of phosphorus oxychlorid on a mixture of benzoic acid and para-cresol. It forms
a ervstalline compound, which melts at 70° C. (158° F.), insoluble in water, readily soluble in
alcohol and ether. It is used as an antiseptic. As intestinal antiseptic, 0.25 Gm. (4 gr.)

CREOLIN (Cresoline, Sanatol). This is said to be an emulsion of cresol, containing some
of the higher boiling-point hydrocarbons of coal-tar, obtained by means of resin soap. It is a
brownish-black, syrupy liquid, which, when mixed with water, forms a more or less turbid
mixture; with alcohol, ether, and chloroform it forms a clear solution. Creolin is employed in
the pure condition as a 1-2 per cent, solution ; in ointments, dusting-powder, or dressings, 10 per
cent. Commercially^ there are two varieties of creolin — namely, Artmann's, which is obtained
by action of sulfuric acid on a crude cresol, and Pearson's, which is a resin soap as above
described.

CRESOL lODID, Verv light, yellow powder, with disagreeable odor, readily soluble in
alcohol, ether, chloroform, and oils, insoluble in water. Adheres to hands, instruments, etc.,
like resin. Antiseptic, allaying inflammation in nasal diseases.

DISINFECTOL. A mixture of tar hydrocarbons with crude cresol which has been made
soluble by addition of resin, soap, and alkalies ; with water it forms a milky fluid.

lODO CRESOL, See under Traumatol.

IZAL, According to Squibb, this consists of an emulsion containing about 30 per cent,
of a new oil produced by a patent process employed in the manufacture of a special form of
coke. It is claimed that its antiseptic power is greater than that of carbolic acid, while it is
practically non-poisonous.

KRESAPROL. See Kresin.

KRESIN. This is a clear brown liquid, containing 25 per cent, of cresol and 25 per cent,
of sodium cres-oxyacetate. It is miscible in all proportions with water. Is stated to be four
times as active as carbolic acid. As antiseptic wash a 1 per cent, solution is used.

LYSOLy the fraction of coal-tar oil which boils between 190°-200° C. is dissolved in fat,
and subsequently saponified. It forms a clear, brown, syrupy liquid, containing 50 per cent, of
the cresols; it is miscible with water, forming a clear, saponaceous, frothing liquid. With all
other solvents it is miscible in all proportions. Experiments have shown lysol to be five times
stronger than carbolic acid in antiseptic power. The strength of the solution employed is usually
0.3, 1, or 2 per cent.

PARA CRESOL is a patent disinfectant, which is said to'mix with water in every propor-
tion, yielding a neutral and almost odorless solution.

PHENOLIN. A soluble disinfectant, similar to Sapocarbol.

PHENOSALYL. This is a solution of carbolic, salicylic, and benzoic acids (which have
been fused together) in lactic acid. It forms a thick, syrupy liquid, which is soluble in cold
water to the extent of 7 per cent., readily in warm water, also in alcohol and ether. In antiseptic
power it is superior to carbolic acid, being at the same time less toxic. It is employed in 1-2 per
cent aqueous solutions. According to Sibut, Pbenosalyl is prepared by melting together 8 parts
of carbolic acid, 1 part of salicylic acid, and 2 parts of lactic acid, and adding to the fused mix-
ture 0.1 part of menthol. It is proposed as an antiseptic in 0.2-1 per cent, solutions.

PIXOL and RESOL are solutions of wood-tar in soap.

SAPOCARBOL, KRESAPOL, and PHENOLINsre solutions of crude cresols in soap
(potash).

SAPROL is a dark brown, oily substance, consisting of a mixture of the crude cresols (40
per cent.) in an excess of hydrocarbons, obtained from the refining of petroleum. A drawback
to its use is its inflammability ; also that it does not mix with water. Used as disinfectant.

SOLUTOL. This is an alkaline solution of sodium-cresol in an excess of cresol. It is
not suited for surgical dressings or like uses, because of its caustic alkalinity. It is a valuable
disinfectant for use in the household and hospital, effectually disinfecting water-closets, sinks,
cesspools, etc., 250 Cc. to 10 liters of water.

SOLVEOL is a solution of cresol in sodium cresotate; it forms a useful disinfectant

48 THE NEWER REMEDIES.

analogous to creolin, lysol, saprol, and solutol. It is less caustic than soiutol, possessing the
advantage oyer creolin and lysol of not exhibitine the greasiness characteristic of these. It is a
dark-colored liquid, nearly odorless, of a neutralreaction, and miscible with water in all pro-
portions. It is especially applicable to surgical usee, a X P^^ cent, solution being employea in
dressings, and a 1 : 12 for spray apparatus. It is claimed that a ^ per cent solution is
more active than a 2 per cent, solution of carbolic acid.

SOL UTOL and SOL VEOL. (D. R. P. v. Heyden. )

TRICRESOL is a concentrated preparation of the three cresols (ortho-, meta-, para-), free
from all impurities. It forms a clear, colorless liquid, of specific gravity 1.045, and soluble to the
extent of 2y^ per cent, in water. A 1 per cent, solution of tricresol corresponds to a 3 per cent,
solution of carbolic acid, having, therefore, three times the disinfectant value of the latter.

CRESOTINIC ACID. (C»H3.C00H. OH. CHj).

Obtained by action of carbonic acid on sodium cresols. A pale rose, inodorous, almost
insoluble stimulatory powder.

A solution of 20 Gm. in 100 liters of water is used as a disinfectant wash for animals.

CRESYLIC ACID. SeeCresol.

CROTIN.

A mixture of the toxic albuminoids— croton-globulin and croton-allin — ^found in the
crotoh seed.

CROTON CHLORAL. See Butyl-chloral-hydrate.

CROTON-CHLORAL-HYDRATE. See Butyl-chloral-hydrate.

CROTONOLIC ACID. (CROTONOLUM.)

A toxic oleaginous fluid of irritating odor and taste. It is the irritating constituent of
croton oil, and when applied externally it produces blisters ; internally it acts as a powerful
drastic cathartic.

Kobert recommends the glycerid of crotonolic acid for internal use, because of absence
of irritating action on the mucous membranes of the mouth and stomach. Internally the
drastic dose of crotonic acid is 5-10 Mg. in keratin-coated pills.

CRYOSTASE.

A mixture of equal parts of carbolic acid, camphor, saponin, and traces of oil of turpen-
tine. Becomes solid when heated, and liquid when cooled to below 0° C. Recommended as an
antiseptic.

CRYSTALLIN.

A solution of pyroxylin, in which the ether and alcohol are replaced by wood spirit and
amyl acetate. It is prepared by dissolving 1 part of pyroxylin in a mixture of 4 parts of wood
spirit and 15 parts of amyl acetate. By adding 5 parts of castor oil and 10 parts of Canada
balsam to 20 parts of crystallin "elastic crystallin" is obtained. Crystallin is claimed to have
the advantage of drying less rapidly than collodion and leaving a clear, transparent film.

CRYSTALLOSE.

A name applied to a very soluble crystalline sodium salt of pure saccharin. In conse-
quence of the presence of water of crystallization, the sweetening power, compared with that of
cane-su^ar, is reduced to 400 times the latter, instead of 500 times, as is the case in the pure
saccharin.

CUBEBIC ACID. GsgHaoO,.

A principle obtained from the cubeb by extraction with caustic alkalies and afterward
liberated on addition of an acid. Gubebic acid forms a waxy-like body, readily soluble in
alcohol and ether, becoming brown on exposure to the air. According to Bematzik, it possesses
the antiblennorrhagic properties of cubebs. Dose, 0.3-1 Gm. (4-15 gr.).

CU MARIN. Synonym: Goumarin.

The crystallizable, odorous constituent of the Tonca bean^ also prepared synthetically. It
melts at 67° G. (152.6° F.); is only slightly soluble in water, readily in alcohol and ether.
Gumarin is employed as a flavoring agent, also for the purpose of masking the odor of medi-
cinal agents, such as iodoform, etc.

CUPRAM.

A solution of copper carbonate in ammonia water. Used as a fting^cide.

CUPRATIN.

A copper albuminoid preparation, analogous to Ferratin.

CUPRESSIN.

An oil of cypress, used in whooping-cough.

CUPROHEMOL. See under Hemol.

CURANGIN.

A glucosid obtained firom Curanga amara. Used as a febriftige in India.

CURARIN. (Gi8H»N).

This alkaloid, which belongs to the strychnos family, forms a yellow, amorphous, hygro-
scopic powder, soluble in water and alcohol. The pure aiKaloid is given in doses of 0.25-0.7
Mk. (»io-fV g"*.) to relieve attacks of tetanus. Hypodermically, 1 Gc. (16 ni) or less of a
solution of 26 Cg. (3% gr.) of curarin, in 5 Gm. (1^ fs) each of glycerin and distilled water.

THE NEWER REMEDIES. 49

CUTAL. (CUTOL.) i%nonym ; Aluminum Boro-tanno-tartrate.

Obtained by pouring a mixture of 6 ports of an aqueous tannin solution (1 : 4^ and 80 parts
of an aqueous borax solution (1 : 19) into a solution of 3 parts of aluminum sulfate in 12 parts of
water, stirring constantly. The resulting precipitate is filtered oli', washed, spread on glass
plates, and dried at low temperature. This preparation is insoluble in water ; hence in order
to render it soluble, 1 part of it is dissolved in 10 parts of water by means of 1.2 parts of tartaric
acid ; the solution evaporated to dryness at a low temperature yields a soluble aluminum boro-
tanno-tartrate, or outal. This is recommended as an astringent antiseptic, either in dry form
or in aqueous solution. For skin diseases a 10-20 per ctot. ointment is used.

CUTIN.

A name applied to a soft material which is intended as a substitute for silk or catgut, and
which may also be employed to prevent gauze from adhering to wounds. It is prepared itom. the
gut of cattle by carefully removing the serous and mucous membranes from the muscular layer,
and digesting the latter in a 2 per cent, solution of pepsin. It is then treated with trioxybenzoic
acid and hydrogen peroxid, which harden the membrane. Thus prepared, cutin is very soft,
adheres smoothly to the wound, is capable of being absorbed, and may be sterilized by dry heat.

CUTOL. SeeCutal.

CYPRIPEDIN.

Used as a nerve stimulant and tonic, also in nervous affections of the eye. Dose, 0.03-0.2
Gm. (3^-3 gr.).

CYTISIN. CuHmNjO. (ULEXINE.)

An alkaloid obtained from Cystutu laburnum^ which forms white, deliquescent crystals,
soluble in water and alcohol, and melting at 155° C. The hydrochlorid of cvtisin is used as
a nervine, given in paralytic migraine, whooping-cough, asthma, in doses of 0.003-0.005 Gm.
(^^ gr.) subcutaneously.

DAT U R I N . See Hyoscyamin.

DELPHININ.

An alkaloid obtained from the seed of Delphinium staphisagria. Forms small crystals of a
bitter taste, insoluble in water and soluble in alcohol and etner. Exerts a powerful action on the
heart, like aconitin ; employed in treatment of spasmodic asthma, dropsical affections, pediculo-
sis, and facial neuralgia in doses of 0.001 Gm. {A gr.) gradually increased to 0.05 Gm. (% gr.)
a day. For application a 1-2 per cent, ointment.

DENTOLA.

A solution recommended for painting on swollen gums, consisting of cocain hydrochlorid,
1 part ; potassium bromid, 10 parts ; glycerin, 200 parts ; water, 200 parts.

DEODOROUS IODOFORM. SeeAnozol.

DERMATIN.

A new skin-protecting preparation used in dermatology and consisting of from 5-7 parts
of salicylic acid, 7-15 parts of starch, 25-50 parts of talc, 30-60 parts of silicic acid, and 3-9
parts of kaolin, according to the strength desired.

DERMATOL. CeH2(OH)8COOBi (0H)2. Sytumyms : Subgallate of Bismuth ; Basic Gallate of
Bismuth.

To a solution of 15 parts of crystallized bismuth trinitrate in 30 parts of glacial acetic
acid (or glycerin) diluted with about 200 parts of water, is added with constant stirring a
warm solution of 5 parts of gallic acid in 250 parts of water. The yellow precipitate is washed
until free from nitric acid, then dried on porous plates, or the following metnod may be em-
ployed : Take 57.2 Gm. of bismuth subuitrate (assaying 81.4 per cent, of BiaOg), dissolve with
the aid of heat in 71 Gm. of commercial nitric acid (sp. gr., 1.36), and dilute with 12 Cc. of.
water. After cooling this solution it is gradually diluted with 75 Cc. of water, which should
not cause precipitation, otherwise add HNOg in traces till solution results. The solution is
filtered and precipitated by pouring into it under constant stirring a solution consisting of
37.8 Gm. (theory requires 37.6 Gra.) of gallic acid in 800 Cc. of water. The ^llic acid is dissolved
with the aid of heat, but the solution is cooled to about 30° C. before being used. The result-
ing precipitate is washed by decantation until the washings are but faintly acid. It is then
collected on a filter and washed with the aid of suction until the washings no longer give a per-
ceptible reaction with diphenylamin T. S. (See U. 8. P.) The subgallate is then dried at about
65° C. and sifted, when a soft, bright yellow powder results. Or, according to Sieker, 466 parts
of bismuth trinitrate (Bi(N08)8) are triturated and digested with a solution of 188 parts of
gallic acid in 4000 parts of water at 40° C. See " Proceed. Amer. Pfaar. Assn.," 1896, pa^ 797.
Dermatol is entirely soluble in sodium hydroxid. solution, and therefore free from subnitrate.
When treated with diphenylamin T. S. according to Fischer's method, it does not give a reac-
tion for nitric acid. Dermatol forms a bright yellow, inodorous, and tasteless powder, insolu-
ble in the usual solvents. It is an excellent dry antiseptic in all branches of surgical practice.
Internally in doses of 0.25-0.5 Gra. (4-8 gr.) in treatment of diarrhea.

DERMOL. Bi(Ci5H904)8Bi203. Synonym: Bismuth Chrysophanate.

This is described by Trojescni as an amorphous yellow-colored powder, insoluble in all of
the usual solvents, consisting of a mixture of chrysarobin and bismuth hydroxid obtained bv
precipitating a solution of chrysophanic acid neutralized by soda, with a solution of bismuth
nitrate. It is used as an antiseptic application in various skin diseases.

DESICHTHOL.

Dr. O. Helmers has succeeded in removing from ichthyol the substance causing the dis-
agreeable odor, without otherwise changing the physical properties or its appearance, by a treat-
ment with steam, under proper precautions. About 0.5 per cent, of a volatile oil was separated,
to which the disagreeable odor was due. This oil is stated to possess strong chemic affinities
4

50 THE NEWER REMEDIES,

and therefore probably plays an essential part in the therapeutic action of icbthyol, and a modi-
fication of the curative value may be expected in the deodorized preparation. This is placed on
the market under the name " Desichthol." ^

DESOXY-ALIZARIN. See Anthrarobin.

DEXTROFORM.

A condensation product of dextrin and formaldehyd. An antiseptic powder, soluble in
water, which gives off formaldehyd more readily than " amyloform."

DEXTRO-SACCHARIN.

This consists of a mixture of saccharin 1 part and glucose 2000 parts.

DIABETIC MILK.

A milk which contains a large percentage of fat and a small percentage of milk-augar ; pre-
pared after a special process.

DIABETICO.

A beverage resembling champagne, recommended in diabetes. Contains alcohol, 8.26 per
cent. ; extractive, 3.27 per cent. ; tartaric acid, 0.56 per cent. ; phosphoric acid, 0.026 per cent. ;
sulfuric acid, 0.036 per cent. ; saccharin, 0.023 per cent. ; glycerin, 0.82 per cent

D I A B ET I N . CeHuOe. Synonyms : Levulose ; Fruit Sugar.

Fruit Sugar {FS'uetote) is found in most sweet fruits, together with an equal amount of
grape sugar ; it is formed, together with grape sugar, in the so-called inversion^ or decomposition,
of cane sugar bj boiling with acids : the mixture of the two is called invtrt sugar. Diabetin is
prepared from invert sugar by mixing the latter with calcium-hydroxid, the liquid lime com-
pound of dextrose is removed, and the residual solid is the lime compound of levulose; this latter
calcium salt is decomposed with carbonic acid, liberating the levulose. This is a colorless, odor-
less, crystalline powder, readily soluble in water and alcohol. Diabetin is recommended as a
sweetening agent for diabetic patients.

DIACETANILID. CbH^N (CjHaOg)^

It is prepared by heating acetanilid with glacial acetic acid in autoclaves at 200^-260° C.
The reaction-product is taken up by hot petroleum ether and crystallized, while the unaltered
acetanilid remains behind undissolved. The physiologic action of this compound is similar to,
but stronger than, that of acetanilid.

DIACETYL TANNIN. SeeTannigen.

DIALYSATA-GOLAZ.

A Swiss firm, Golaz & Gie, has placed on the market a new class of galenic preparations,
which are called dialysates. They are liquid plant extracts that are not obtained by the cus-
tomary extraction and percolation processes, but by a new dialyzation method, the details of
which are not given. Fresh plants are used whenever possible, and are worked up immediately
after collection. All solvents and reagents that could possibly bring about molecular changes in
tibe plant constituents are' avoided. The dialysates are of the strength of our official fluid
extracts, one part of product representing one part of the drug. Wherever possible, especially in
the cases of narcotic drugs, the extracts are standardized to a fixed percentage of active constitu-
ents, by chemic and pharmacodynamic methods. The dialyzation process extracts alkaloids,
§lucosid8, ethereal oils, tannins, and certain ferments related to albumin. In addition to simple
ialysates, preparations corresponding to compound powders and fluid extracts are offered.

DIAMIN. (SULFATE.) HjSO* . HgN . HjN : NHj . NH, . HSSO4. Synonym: Hydrazin Sulfate.

Occurs in colorless crystals, analogous to hydroxylamin hydrochlorid. Powerful reduc-
ing agent. A general poison to animal and v^etable life, destroying germs, bacteria, etc.

DIAPHTHERIN. See under Chinolin.

DIAPHTHOL. See under Chinolin.

DI-BROMO-GALLIC ACID. See Gallobromol

DICAMPHENDION. See under Dicamphor.

DICAMPHOR. (CioHifiO),.

Obtained simultaneously with dicamphendion, (CioHi40)9,by the action of metallic sodium
on bromo-camphor. The principal products of the reaction are aicamphor, (CioHuOU, and dicam-
phendion, (CioHi40)s. Tnese are separated from each other by crystallizing from diluted alcohol
and ligroin. Dicamphor crystallizes in colorless needles, melting at 165°-166° C, and dicam-
phendion in yellow, flat, prismatic needles, melting at 192°-193^ C.

DI-CHLORACETIC ACID. CHClaCOOH.

This is obtained by the action of chlorin gas on glacial acetic acid. It forms a colorless,
pungent fluid, of boiling-point 190° C. (374° F.). Is employed as a cauterizing agent.

DI-CHLORAL-ANTIPYRINE. (CnHiaNjO +2(CCl8CH(OH)2).

Obtained by triturating 94 parts of antipyrine with 166.6 parts of chloral hydrate until a
mass is obtained, which is crystallized from hot water. Its medicinal properties are like those
of monochloralantipyrine. Maximum dose, 3 Gm. (46 gr.).

DI-CHLOR-METHANE. See Methylene Chlorid.

DICODEYLMETHANE.

The hydrochlorid of a condensation product of two molecules of codein with one mole-
cule of formaldehyd. A mass which is readily soluble in water and alcohol, melting at 140° C.

THE NEWER REMEDIES, 51

DIDYMIN TABLETS.

Used as aphrodisiac in doses of 0.3 Gm. ; in larger doses act as hypnotic.

DIDYMIUM CHLORID.

Obtained as a by«product in the preparation of the rare earths for Welsbach lights. It is
recommended as an energetic disinfectant and preservative, as it prevents every decomposition-
process in solutions of 1 : 500 to 1 : 1000, thus showing its superiority over all known antiseptics.
The salt comes into the market in form of an odorless solution containing 25-30 per cent. It
is free from caustic action. The sulfate is also recommended as a disinfectant, to be used in
form of dusting-powder.

DIETHYL ACETAL. SeeAcetal.

DI-ETHYLENE-DIAMIN. See Piperaain.

DI-ETHYL-SULFON-DI-ETHYL-METHANE. SeeTetronal.
DI-ETHYL-SULFON-DI-METHYL-METHANE, SeeSulfonal.
DI-ETHYL-SULFON-METHYL-ETHYL-METHANE. SeeTrional.

DI-FLUOR-DIPHENYL. C«H4F-C«H4F.

A white, crystalline powder, melting at 86° C, insoluble in water, readily soluble in
alcohol, ether, chloroform, and fixed oils. It has a pleasant aromatic odor, recalling that of
dillseed. Used in 10 per cent, dusting-powder, mixed with talcum, or in 10 per cent, ointment
with wool fat as antiseptic.

DIGITALIN. (DIGITALINUM.)

A glucosid obtained from the leaves of DigitalU purpurea. Ck>mmercial digitalin is of
variable composition and physiologic activity. The following represent some of the better known
products, the doses of which should be accurately noted, since there is considerable variance in
activity :

DIGITALEIN (Schmiedeberg). A yellowish-white, amorphous powder of intensely bitter
taste, soluble in water and aJcohol. Used as a cardiac tonic and diuretic, like digitalis. Dose,
0.001-0.002 Gm. (^-A g^.).

DIGITALIN ("German," Merck). White to yellowish-white powder, soluble in water
and alcohol. A non-cumulative heart tonic and diuretic. Dose, 0.001-0.002 Gm. (^-^ gr.).

DIOITALIN-KILIANI (Digitalinum Verum Kiliani). According to Kiliani, this con-
sists of the most active constituent of the German digitalis. Occurs as a white, amorphous pow-
der, soluble in 1000 parts of water and in 100 parts of dilute alcohol. It melts at 217° C. (422.6° F. \ .
This digitalin " verum " exerts the characteristic effects of digitalis leaves (Bohm and Pfaff),
being administered in doses of 0.00025 Gm. (-^ gr.).

DIGITALiy-NATIVELLE forms fine crystalline needles, which are almost insoluble
in water and soluble in alcohol. It has been recommended in treatment of inflammation of
the lungs, and also feebleness of the heart's action. Dose, 0.00065-0.001 Gm. diV"^ gr.).

DIGITALIN ("French," Merck; Homolle's or French Digitalin). A yellowish, bitter
powder, soluble in water and alcohol. Uses, same as digitoxin. Dose, 0.00026 Gm. («i;rgr.),
rapidly increased to 0.0015 Gm. (^ gr.), daily.

DIGITONIN.

Constitutes colorless crystals, soluble in 600 parts of water and 50 parts of dilute alcohol.
Without cardiac action ; resembles saponin.

DIGITOXIN. CnHasOr.

According to Schmiedeberg, digitoxin is the most active of the several glucosids which
constitute commercial "digitalin," being essentially identical with "Nativelle's digitalin."
Digitoxin forms white crystalline needles, which are insoluble in water, a prompt, reliable,
powerful heart-tonic of uniform therapeutic activity. Used in valvular lesions, myocarditis,
etc., the dose being 0.00083-0.00065 Gm. (liv-riv gr.).

DI-HYDRO-RESORCIN.

This is prepared by the action of sodium amalgam on a solution of resorcin in boiling
water, carbonic acid gas being passed through the solution during the reaction. The unconverted
resorcin is removed by shaking the solution with ether, then, after acidulating, the solution is
shaken a second time with ether, which extracts the dihydroresorcin, which remains as a syrup-
like liquid on the evaporation of the ether. It soon congeals to a solid mass on standing, whicn,
by recrvstallizatlon, yields glossy prisms, which melt at 104°-106° C. (219.2°-222.8° F.),very
soluble in water, alcohol, and chloroform. Di-hydro-resorcin is recommended as an antiseptic.

pi-IODO-CARBAZOL. CijH«Ij:NH.

This is prepared by heating a solution of carbazol to the boilin^point and adding iodin.
It occurs in yellow, odorless laminee, which melt at 184° G. (363.2° F.), insoluble in water but
readily soluble in alcohol, chloroform, etc. Recommended as an antiseptic.

D I - 1 DO FO R M . CsHsl4. Syiwnym : Ethylene periodid.

This is obtained by the action of iodin on a solution of acetylene iodid in carbon disulfid.
It forms bright yellow, inodorous, crystalline needles, which are insoluble in water, sparingly
soluble in alcohol, and readily so in chloroform; melting at 192° 0. (377.6° F.). Di-iodoform
contains 95.5 per cent, of iodin, and is recommended as a substitute for iodoform. Exposure to
light causes its decomposition, hence it should be kept in a dark place.

62 THE NEWER REMEDIES.

DI-IODO-NAPTHOL (BeU). CioHJaOa.

A greenish -yellow powder, iDsOluble in water, soluble in alcohol. Used in all cases where
iodoform is indicated.

DI-IODO-PHENOL lOTDID. See Phenol Diiodid.

DI-IODO-RESORCIN.

A chocolate-brown powder, inodorous, insoluble in water and diluted acids, soluble in
alcohol and ether. Used as antiseptic in place of aristol.

DI-IODO-SALICYLIC ACID. C8H8Ib(OH)COOH.

This is obtained by the action of iodin and iodic acid on salicylic acid. It forms a white
crystalline powder, of sweet taste, melting between 220°-230° C. (428°-M6o F.), almost insoluble
in cold water, slightly soluble in hot water, and very soluble in alcohol and ether. It as well
as the sodium salt is employed as an analgesic and antipyretic. Dose, l.&-4Gm. (24-60 gr.) a
day.

DI-IODO-SALICYLIC-METHYL-ESTER. SeeSanoform.

DI-IODO-SALICYLIC-PHENYL-ESTER. CoH2la(OH)C02C»H6. (D. R- P- E.
Herzfeld. )

Obtained by interaction between salol and iodin in alcoholic solution, the liberated hydri-
odic acid is taken up by mercuric oxid. This compound forms colorless needles, soluble in
alcohol, melting at 135° C. Used as substitute for iodoform externally, internally as substitute
for sodium salicylate and potassium iodid.

DI-IODO~SALOL. See under SaloL '

DI-IODO-THIO-RESORCIN, C^HsOzIsSs.

A brown powder insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol. Claimed to be superior to aristol
as dry antiseptic.

DI-METHYL-ACETAL. CHy-CH(OCH8)2. Synonym: JEthyliden-di-methyl-ether.

This is obtained by the oxidation of a mixture of ethyl and methyl alcohols. It forms a
colorless, ethereal liquid of sp. gr. 0.867, boiling at 64<^ C. (147.2° F.). Di-methyl-acetal is em-
ployed as an anesthetic, either alone or mixed with half its volume or chloroform.

DI-METHYL-AMIDO-ANTIPYRINE. See Pyramidon.

DI-METHYL-AMIDOPHENYL-DIMETHYL-PYRAZOLON. See Pyra-
midon.

DI-METHYL-BENZOL. See Xylol.

DI-METHYL-ETHYL-CARBINOL. See Amylene Hydrate.
DI-METHYL-KETONE. See Acetone.
DI-METHYL-PIPERAZIN. See Lupetazin.
DI-METHYL-PIPERAZIN TARTRATE. See under Piperazin.

DIONIN. C2H5.0.(OH).Ci7Hi7NO.HCl + HjjO.

The hydrochlorid of the mono-ethyl-ester of morphin, which appears as a fine white crys-
talline powder, melts at 123°-125° C, and is very soluble in water, thus adapting it for subcu-
taneous use. Dionin exhibits the narcotic properties of morphin without attaining its intensity,
being used in phthisis, bronchial affections, pneumonia, etc., in same doses as codein. Dionin
is recommended in treatment of the morphin habit, since tolerance is not established through ita
continued use.

DI-OXY-ANTHRANOL. See Anthrarobin.

DI-OXY-BENZENE (Para). See Hydrochinon.

DI-PHENYL-METHANE. See Phenylmethane.

DIPHTHERIA ANTITOXIN.

Behring's curative serum is the blood-serum of animals immunized by the injection of
the diphtheria-toxin.

All infectious diseases like diphtheria are produced by bacteria, which secrete very poison-
ous substances called "toxins" that eventually cause death. By the use of certain agents the
action of these toxins may be counteracted, rendering the organism insensible to their poisonous
effect. This insensibility or immunity may be acquired by a gradual habituation to a given poison.
To Prof. Behring is due the credit of discovering that during this process of habituation an
antitoxin is produced in the blood, which, when isolated and injected into the blood of a patient,
'effects a change in the susceptibility of the living organs to the action of the poison (toxins).
The antitoxin is prepared as follows: A colony of diphtheria-bacilli, after being placed in a
suitable medium and under favorable conditions, multiply with great rapidity, secreting at the
same time their poison or toxins. After a few weeks, when sutbcient of the toxin has formed,
the bacilli are destroyed by means of carbolic acid, and by filtering through porous plates of
clay the dead bacilli are removed from the solution of toxins. Of this solution small amounts
are injected into the blood of a healthy horse, producing a mild attack of the disease; this pro-
cedure is then repeated for several months, the doses of toxin being steadily increased until the
animal becomes habituated to the poison. Then a quantity of blood is withdrawn from the
animal, and the serum, or aqueous portion, is separated from the red blood-corpuscles, this serum
constituting a light yellow liquid which contains the antitoxin of diphtheria. This serum is
standardized by determining the quantity required for injection to neutralize a fatal dose of
diphtheritic poison in a guinea-pig ; the ratio between the quantity of antitoxin and the body-
weight of the animal furnishes a means of indicating in definite units the strength of the solution.

THE NEWER REMEDIES, 63

DIPHTHERIA-ANTITOXIN SOLUTION.

BEHRING'S. No. 1 equals 600 immunizing units ; No. 2, 1000; No. 3, 1600. Hyp. ini.,
one-fourth of a vial. No. 1 as prophylactic, regular treatment full contents of either strength,
according to case. In }^z. vials, varying measure but full unit-value.

GIBIERS. (N. Y. Pasteur Institute.) Identical with Roux's. Immunizing-power
1 : 100,000— t. e., ^ Cc. prophylactic up to 110 pounds ; regular treatment 5-15 Cc. a day.

BOUJTS. Same description as Oibiei's.

SCHERING'ARONSON. This preparation is supplied in vials containing 5 Cc, equiva-
lent to 5U0 antitoxic normal units. Tne contents of a single vial is injected subcutaneously in
mild cases, or at the onset of severer cases. The quantity contained m two vials (10 Cc.) may
be used in cases that present very severe symptoms from the first, or in cases in which this
metliod of treatment has not from the first been carried out.

In malignant cases, particularly where there are laryngeal symptoms, three or four doses
may be used (15-20 Cc), depending on the age of the patient. B^or purposes of immuniza-
tion the injection of 1 Cc. for small children and 2 Cc. for grown children and adults will be
found sufficient. This preparation is a very permanent one, heing rendered so by the addition
of 4 per cent. Tricresol.

DIPHTHERICIDE.

Pastilles containing thymol, sodium-benzoate, and saccharin. Used as prophylactic against
diphtheria.

DISINFECTIN.

This is made by treating 5 parts of "masuf* ahe residue of naptha-distillation) with 1
part of concentrated sulfuric acid ; the resulting sulfonated product is then treated with 5 parts
of 10 per cent, soda solution. A brown liquid results, which, when diluted with water, is used
as a disinfectant.

DISINFECTOL.

A mixture of hydrocarbons and crude creosols rendered soluble by the addition of alkali.
It is a dark-brown liquid which gives a milky-like solution with water. It is employed as a dis-
infectant diluted with water.

DISPERMIN. See Piperazin.

DI-THIO-CHLOR-SALICYLIC ACID. (SjjCeH.Cl.OH.COOH).

Obtained by heating a mixture of 27.6 parts of salicylic acid and 55 parts of sulfur chlorid
to 120<' C. (248° F.), finally raising to 140^' C. (284° F.). It forms a reddish-yellow powder, which
is recommended as an antiseptic.

D I T H I O N . See under Dithiosalicylic Acids.

S-C«H8(0H)C00H.
DI-THIO-SALICYLIC ACIDS. I (D. R. P. y. Heyden.)

S-CeHs (OH) COOH.

Of these acids nine isomers are nossible, but only two of them have been introduced in
medicine in the form of sodium and litnium salts, being distinguished as No. 1 and No. 2.

Salicylic acid and sulfuryl chlorid, in molecular proportions, are heated together at 150° C.
(302° F.), the resulting resinous-like mass is dissolved in a solution of soda, to which in turn a
solution of sodium chlorid is added, resulting in the precipitation of sodium dithiosalicylate
No. 1, while the sodium salt No. 2 remains in solution. The acids are liberated from their corre-
sponding sodium salts by the addition of hydrochloric acid.

SODIUM DITHIOSALICYLA TE, No. 1. Forms a yellowish, amorphous, soluble powder,
which is employed as an antiseptic in veterinary practice, either as a wash (3-5 percent.), or
mixed with talcum or starch (5-50 per cent.) as a dusting-powder.

SODIUM DITHIOSALICYLATE, No. «. Forms a gray, amorphous, hygroscopic, and
soluble powder, which is employed internally in treatment of muscular rheumatism and rheu-
matic fever ; in antiseptic activity it is superior to sodium salicylate. Dose is 0.2-1 Gm. (3-15 gr. ).

DITBION. Is a mixture of the two sodium salts of dithiosalicylic acid. It is employed
as an antiseptic wash (5-10 per cent.) and dusting-powder in veterinary practice.

THIOFORM. A basic bismuth salt of dithiosalicylic acid, introduced as a substitute for
iodoform. It is prepared by adding a solution of sodium dithiosalicylate (1 and 2) to a solution
of bismuth trinitrate, the latter salt bdng first dissolved in a little glycerin before diluting
« with water. The resulting precipitate, after washing and drying, constitutes a voluminous,
yellow, insoluble, inodorous powder. Used in veterinary practice as substitute for iodoform in
treatment of wounds, in eczema, erysipelas, etc. It is also recommended in diseases of eye and
ear, to anesthetize the cornea, and in treatment of conjunctivitis and keratitis. Further, it is
employed in nose and throat diseases and in dentistry. It is used as dusting-powder or in form
of an ointment.

DI-THYMOL-DIIODID. See Aristol.

DI-THYMOL-IODID. See Aristol.

D I U R ET I N . C7H7N40aNa + CflH4 (OH) COONa. Synonym : Sodio-theobromin Salicylate.

The active constituent of this body is theobromin, an alkaloid which is closely related to
caflein. Diuretin is prepared by mixing aqueous solutions of sodio-theobromin and sodium
salicylate in molecular proportions, and evaporating to dryness. It constitutes a white, amor-

{»hous powder, very soluble in water, decompased by acid solutions. It is employed as a diuretic
n scarlet fever, nephritis, in dyspnea, in doses of 0.5-1.5 Gm. (8-23 gr.) for children, and 1.5-3
Gm. (23-45 gr. ) for adults.

UROPHERIN (Lithium-diuretin). Is analogous to dinretin, being the correspondinff
lithio-theobromin salicylate. It is a white powder, soluble in 5 parts of water, being employed
as a diuretic in doses of 1 Gm. (15.6 gr.).

54 THE NEWER REMEDIES,

DORMIOL.

An aqueous solution placed on the market as a hypnotic. It is said to contain camphor
and chloroform.

DORMITIO.

A preparation consisting of extract of lettuce, oil of anise, sugar, and diluted alcohol.
Used as a sedative.

DOURAHINA.

A Brazilian drug, used as a diuretic and diaphoretic, and as a substitute for digitalis.

DROSERA.

Used as antiasthmatic, also in whooping-cough. Dose, 20-40 drops of the tincture, or
0.05 Gm. of the extract.

DUBOISIN. CnHnNO,.

This alkaloid, obtained from the leaves of DuboUia myoporoides, is, according to Laden-
burg, chemically identical with hyoscin ; according to others, identical with hyoscyamin. It is
employed as a mydriatic, acting more rapidly and being less irritating than atropin ; also em-
ployed as a hypnotic and sedative in treatment of hysteria and epilepsy. The sulfate occurs in
nygroscopic crystals, being used in aqueous solution (0.065 Gm. to 30 Cc.) for the eye. The dose
of the alkaloid is 0.0008-0.002 Gm. («\r^ gr.).

DULCIN. CO(NH2)NH.C«H4.0CjH6. Synonyms: Sucrol ; Valzin ; Para-phenetolcarbamid.

By the action of para-phenetidin on phosgene, dLssolved in toluol, phenetidin-carbon-oxy-
chlorid is formed; this product on treatment with ammonia yields dulcin— a sweetening agent,
forming colorless crystals which melt at 1730C. (343.4° F.), soluble in 800 parte of water at 15° C.
(59° F.), and 55 parts of water at 100° C. (212° F.) ; it is soluble in 25 parte of alcohol, also in
ether. Ite sweetening power is about 200 times that of cane^ugar. Dulcin is employed as a
sweetening agent for the food of diabetics. (D. R. P. Riedel.)

D U O T A L . See Guaiacol Carbonate, u nder Guaiacol .

DURAMYL.

A colorless powder said to be obtained by action of ozone on potato starch. Intended as a
substitute for casein and glue in industrial arts.

DYNAMOOEN.

A preparation resembling hematogen and used similarly in anemia, etc.

DYSPHAOIE-TABLETS.

Each tablet contains 0.005 Gm. of cocain hydrochlorid and 0.01 Gm. menthol. Believes
difficulty of swallowing.

ECTASIN. See Anectasin.

EICON PREPARATIONS.

Compounds of albumin and iodin of constant composition, introduced into medicine by E.
Dieterich. They are placed on the market in three fundamental forms, which are used either alone
or in combination : ^1) Alplia-eigon, or albumin iodatum, is a light brown powder containing
about 20 per cent, of lodin ; insoluble in water and entirely odorless and tasteless. The iodin is
split off by alkalies, and more readily by acids. (2) Alphoreifjonsodium, or sodium iodo-albu-
minatum, is a nearly white, odorless, and almost tasteless powder, containing about 15 per cent,
of iodin. It is readily soluble in hot and cold water. Botn compounds keep indefinitely. (3)
Betoreigon, or peptonum iodatum, resembles the preceding compound in properties and also con-
tains 15 per cent, of iodin. The advantage of this compound is that the iodin is combined with
" predigested " albumin, and is recommended whenever an easy and rapid absorption of iodin in
large quantities is desired in disturbances of the digestive tract. Both alpha- and beta-eigon are
found of value in external wound treatment. They have no direct disinfectant action, but check
the development of bacteria in 5-10 per cent, solutions. Over iodoform they have the advantage
of freedom from odor, ready decomposition, and combining power. A more rapid healing is
effected than with iodoform. This is particularly the case with a 10-30 per cent, eigon and tal-
cum dusting-powder, which is a good deodorizer. For internal use both preparations were found
non-toxic in large doses, but very effective medicinally. In one case of malignant syphilis doses
gradually increasing from 3-10 Gm. (46-150 gr.) daily were given for weeks without a symptom
of iodin intoxication. Eig^on may also be aaministered in form of a 3 per cent, eigon malt
extract, or as a wine containing 0.03 per cent. In scrofula it is given to advantage as follows:
Cod-liver oil, 65 parte ; malt extract, 35 parte ; alpha-eigon, 0.05 part. In general, eigon is prefer-
able to potassium iodid as an antisyphilitic, as also in the treatment of scrofula. On the other
hand, it may be looked upon as a substitute for iodoform.

EKA-IODOFORM.

Iodoform to which is added 0.05 per cent, of paraformaldehyd to increase ite power of
destroying bacteria. This is said to dissociate in presence of iodoform, with the formation of
gaseous formaldehyd. Good results in treatment of wounds are reported.

EKZEMIN.

An ointment of precipitated sulfur, containing vegetable red coloring-matter and perfume.

EMBELIC ACID. C»Hi402.

A crystalline principle obtained from the fruit of Embelia ribes. It forms orange, crystal-
line scales, inodorous, tasteless, soluble in alcohol and water, melte at 140° C. (284° F.). The
ammonium salt when mixed with honey is given in doses of 0.2-0.4 Gm. (3-6 gr.). For the
expulsion of tapeworm.

THE NEWER REMEDIES, 55

EMETIN.

. The expectorant and emetic principle of ipecac. Forms a white, bitter, inodorous powder,
insoluble in water, readily so in alcohol. Dose, as emetic, 0.005-0.01 Gm. ; as expectorant, 0.001-
0.002 Qm.

EMOL.

A kind of earth containing steatite with traces of lime and iron oxid, appearing as a soft,
pink, impalpable powder. Recommended to be applied as a paste to remove epidermal masses,
as well as homy epidermis in certain cases of eczema of the palm and sole.

ENTEROL.

A mixture of three isomeric creosols (pure) in the same proportions as they occur, as
physiologic products, in the intestinal tract. Enterol is recommended as an intestinal anti-
septic. It possesses an unpleasant odor, and is usually administered in pills or capsules. A
solution of 0.02 Gm. in 100 Gm. of water is administered in doses of 1-5 Gm. (15-75 gr.) a day.
Usually combined with a laxative.

ENTEROROSE.

A dietetic recommended in gastro-intestinal catarrh. Dose, 8 Gm. (2 drachms) several
times daily ; for children, one-half the above. Stated to contain the alimentary constituents in
the necessary proportions. A faintly yellowish, permanent powder, miscible with water.

EOSOT. See Creosote Valerate (Valerianate).

EPHEDRIN. CioHiftON.

An alkaloid obtained from the leaves of Biphedra vulgaris. The hydrochlorid of this base,
which melts at 116^ C, forms colorless, soluble crystals, is recommended as a mydriatic to replace
homatropin. Instillation of one or two drops of a 10 per cent, solution into the eye jproduces
marked dilatation of the pupil, which lasts from five to twenty hours ; for daily application, 2
or 3 drops of a 1 per cent, solution is sufficient.

EPIDERMIN.

According to Kremel this is prepared by adding 60 Gm. of acacia mucilage to 40 Gm. of
white wax, which has been fused on a water-bath, stirring till cool. To increase stability 10 per
cent, of glycerin is added.

EPITHEMA.

A local anesthetic employed in dental practice.

ERGOTIN.

A name applied to various active extracts of ergot. (See U. S. D.)

ERGOTININ (Tanret).

This is a feeble basic principle obtained from ergot, of which, according to Tanret, it is the
active principle. It occurs in colorless needles, which, on exposure to light, rapidly darken.
According to Kobert, this principle, when pure, is inert ; it is probably identical with Gomutin.
As styptic, dose is 0.001-0.005 Gm. (^-A gJ*-)-

ERGOTINOL.

A liquor ammonii ergotinici. (See " Apoth. Ztg.," No. 24, 1897.)

ERODIUM CICUTARIUM.

A geraniaceous plant which is employed in uterine hemorrhages where ergotin fails. Dose,
a tablespoonful of the infusion (1 : 12) every two hours.

ERONIMIN.

Colorless crystals, insoluble in water. Used like digitalin. Dose, 0.05 Gm.

ERYTHROL TETRA-NITRATE. (CH2.0N02)2(CH.ONOj)2.

Forms large scales, soluble in alcohol, insoluble in water, readily explode on percussion,
melt at 61° C. (141.8° F.). Being a vaso-dilator, it is recommended in angina pectoris, asthma,
heart disease, etc. Dose, according to Bradbury, 44 Cc. of an alcoholic solution (1 : 60) in a wine-
glass of water every four to six hours. Tablets containing 0.03 Gm. each are to be preferred,
since there is no danger of explosion attending their use.

ERYTHROPHLEIN,

This is an alkaloid obtained from the Sassy-bark {Erythrophlxmtm guinsense). The hydro-
chlorid of this base forms colorless crystals, which are soluble in water. This alkaloid has been
recommended as a local anesthetic, internally as a cardiac stimulant. It greatly increases blood
pressure, acting in a manner very similar to that of digitalis and of strophanthus. Subcutaneously ,
the lethal dose of erythrophlein hydrochlorid upon cate is about 0.003 Gm. {^ gr.), 0.01 Gm.
(i gr.) killing them within fifteen minutes. It is intensely poisonous.

ESCHSCHOLTIA CALIFORNICA.

A papaveraceous plant, which is used as anodyne and hypnotic in doses of 2.5-10 Gm. of
the solid extract.

ESERIDIN. C15H28N3O8.

This is one of the alkaloids which occur in the calabar bean, along with physostigraine
(eserin). Eseridin forms colorless crystals, melting at 132° C. (269.6° F.). Its physiologic
action is similar to that of eserin, being, however, six times weaker in effect. It has been
recommended as a purgative in veterinary practice. Subcutaneous dose, 0.01-0.02 Gm., sometimes
to 0.1 Gm.

56 THE NEWER REMEDIES.

ESERIN-PILOCARPIN.

A readilT soluble powder, used in hone colic, also u cathartic for herbivorous animals.
Dose, 0.4 Om. in 6 Cc. water, hypodermicailj.

ETHER, ANESTHETIC. See ^ther Ansestheticus.

ETHER-MENTHOL-CHLOROPORM.

A mixture of ether, 16 parts, chloroform, 10 parts, and menthol, 1 part, which is used as
an anesthetic spray.

ETHER, OZONIZED. See Ozone Ether.

ETHER, SULFURATED.

A mixture of 1 part of sulfur and 10 parts of ether. GiTen in teaspoonful doses mixed
with carbonated water, in treatment of cholera.

ETHER, TEREBINTHINATED.

A mixture of ether, 4 parts, and oil of turpentine, 1-2 parts. Recommended in doses of
15-20 drops in treatment of gall<«tone.

ETHOXY-CAFFEIN. See under Caifein.

ETHYLAMIN URATE.

A remedy for gout and vesical calculi. Easily soluble in water.

ETHYL BRO MID. GsHsBr. iSj^nonytrw ; ^ther Bromatus ; Brom-ethyl ; Mono-bromo-ethane.

Ethyl bromid is obtained by the distillation of a mixture of ethyl<«lcohol, sulfuric acid,
and potassium bromid. It forms a colorless, limpid, inflammable liquid, of a sweet, cblorofonuic
odor. It boils between 99P and 40<> C. (100.4*^-104<> F.) : its specific gravity lies between 1.446 and
1.460. It is not miscible with water, but freely with alcohol, ether, chloroform, and the oils.

This preparation should be cautiously preserved, for the action of lieht and air causes its
decomposition into bromin /and hydrobromic acid, which is evident by its brown color, acid
reaction, and pungent odor ; in this condition it should not be dispensed.

Ethvl bromid is employed as an anesthetic in minor surffical operations. Narcosis is pro-
duced in from ^ to 1 minute, but lasts only a few minutes, unless fresh quantities are adminis-
tered.

ETHYL CARBAMATE. SeeUrethane.

ETHYL CHLORID. CtH^Cl. iSj^nonymr : Chlor-ethyl ; Mono-chlor-ethane ; Chelen. JSther
Chloratus.

Ethyl chlorid is produced by the action of dry hydrochloric acid gas on absolute alcohol.
At ordinary temperaturo it constitutes a gas, which is readily condensed to a liquid boiling
at 10° G. (60° F.}. Because of the intense cold (about —86° C. ) produced br its evaporation, it is
employed as a focal anesthetic. This liauid appears in commerce in small hermetically sealed
tubes, terminated by a capillary point When used, the point of the capillarv is broken off, and
the tube held in the hand, the warmth of which is sufficient to expel the liquid through the
small orifice in a stream ; this is directed upon the surface where it is desired to produce local
anesthesia.

Because of its great inflammability, operations should not be performed in the proximity
of a gas flame.

ETHYL FORMATE. (H.COOCfHfi). (FORMIC ETHER.)

The ethyl ester of formic acid. A fluid smelling like peach kernels, of sp. gr. 0.937, and
boiling at 644° C. Soluble in 10 parts of water. Used as an antiseptic in treatment of diseases
of the air-passages.

ETHYL lODID. C2H6I. i%nonynw ; JEther lodatus ; Mono-iodo-ethane.

Ethyl iodid is prepared bv the action of iodin on a well-cooled mixture of amorphous
phosphorous and absolute alcohol. This forms a colorless liquid which boils at 71° C. (160^ F.) ;
its specific gravity being 1.97.

Employed as an inhalation in treatment of bronchitis and dyspnea.

ETHYL KAIRIN. SeeKairin.

ETHYL-METHYL ETHIER. CH8.0.CaH6.

Obtained by action of ethyl iodid on sodium methylate. Recommended by Richardson as
an effectual anesthetic free from side effects.

ETHYL NATRIUM. See under Sodium Salts.

ETHYL PHENACETIN. See under Phenacetin.

ETHYL-PYOKTANIN. See under Pyoktennin (yeUow).

ETHYL URETHANE. SeeUrethane.

ETHYLENE BROMID. CsH^Brs. Synottynu : iEthylenum Brom atum ; Brom-ethylene.

Ethylene bromid is prepared by passing ethylene gas through bromin. It forms a colorless,
highly refractive liquid 01 chloroformic odor ; its boiling-point Is 131.6° C. (269° F.) and specific
gravity 2.170. It is insoluble in water, but miscible with alcohol and the fatty oils.

This ethylene bromid should not be confused with ethyl bromid, as the former produces
marked toxic effects when inhaled.

Ethylene bromid is employed as an anti-epileptic, in doses of 0.1-0.3 6m. (1.6-6 gr.) or 6-12
minims, in form of an emulsion.

THE NEWER REMEDIES, 57

ETHYLENE CH LO RID. C8H4CI2. Synonyms : ^thylemim Chloratum ; ^thylen Chlorid ;
Chlor-eethylene ; Elaylum Chloratum ; Liquor HoIlandicuB.

Ethylene chlorid is produced by the action of chlorin on ethylene. It is a colorless ethe-
real liquid, of boiling-point of 85° C. (185° F.) and specific gravity of 1.254. It is employed as
local application to relieve rheumatic and neuralgic pains.

ETHYLENE-DIAMIN-CRESOL.

A clear, colorless, almost non-toxic fluid which is recommended as an antiseptic for
wounds, etc.

ETHYLENE-DIAMIN-SILVER-PHOSPHATE. See Argentamin.

ETHYLENE-DIAMIN TRICRESOI^.

A mixture of 10 parts each of ethylene diamin and tricresol, dissolved in 500 parts of dis-
tilled water. It appears as a clear, colorless liquid, becoming slightly yellow on exposure to the
• air. It has an alkaline reaction, and metallic instruments are not attacked by it when in dilute
solution. Used as antiseptic in ^1 per cent, solution.

ETHYLENE-GUAIACOL. See Guaiacol Ethylenatum.

ETHYLENE-IMIN. See Piperazin.

ETHYLENE-PHENYLHYDRAZIN-SUCCINIC ACID. (Ca>Hj,N40«).

Obtained by boiling an alcoholic solution of ethylene-phenylhydrazin and succinic anhy-
drid. Forms crystalline needles soluble in water. Used as antipyretic.

ET H YLI DEN E-C H LORI D. CH, CH Cl^. SynonpfM : ^thyUdenum Chloratum ; Cblor-
ethyliden ; Aran's Ether ; Wigger's Ether ; Chloriden.

Ethylidene-chlorid is prepared by the action of chlorin on ethyl chlorid. It constitutes a
colorless ethereal liquid, of an agreeable fruity odor, boiling-point being 57° C. (134.6° F.) and
specific gravity 1.18. It is employed as an anesthetic in minor operations, producing rapid nar-
cosis of short duration. Less dangerous than chloroform.

ETHYLIDENE-DI-ETHYL ETHER. SeeAcetal.

ETHYLIDENE-DI-METHYL-ETHER. See Dimethylacetal.

ETHYLIDENE-URETHAF^E.

Obtained by adding to an aldehyd-urethane solution diluted hydrochloric acid and pre-
cipitating with water. Forms white, glossy needles which are soluble in hot water, alcohol, and
ether.

EUCAINE A,or ALPHA EUCAINE. (Ci»H„N04). (D. R. P. Sobering.)

Chemically, a benzoyl-methyl-tetra-methyl-gamma-oxy-piperidin-carboxylic-methyl ester.
Forms glossy prisms melting at 104° C, but because of the insolubility of the base, the Hydt-o-
cMoridiB usually employed. Eucaine hydrochlorid is soluble 1 in 10 parts of water ; its properties
are that of a local anesthetic like cocain, but has an advantage over the latter in that it exhibits
DO action upon the heart ; also, that it is not decomposed on boiling with water, which is neces-
sary in sterilization. It possesses the disadvantage that in ophthalmology it produces consider-
able pain and burning, in which cases a 2 per cent, solution is used in conjunction with cocain
(cocain. hydroc, eucaine hydroc., 5A 0.05 Gm. ; aqua, 5 6m.). As application to nose and
throat, 5-10 per cent, solution, in dental surgery 10 per cent, solution, of which 1-13>^ Cc. are
injected.

EUCAINE B, or BETA EUCAINE. (Ci6H„N0s.HCl).

The hydrochlorid of benzoyl-vinyl-diacetonalkamin, used as substitute for cocain. Crystals
are soluble in water, which, contrary to the older Eucaine A, are not decomposed on boiling like
cocain ; it melts at 263° C. (505.4° F.). Eucaine B is free from irritating action, far more active
and less toxic than cocain. It is stated to be 3.75 times less toxic than Eucaine A.

Legrand makes use of a 2 per cent, solution in dental operations, which is entirely free
from danger, and permits the operation to be performed immediately, while the employment of a
1 per cent, solution would necessitate a delay of five minutes. The patient may be allowed to go
immediately after the operation, which is not possible when cocain is used. An injection of 1 Cc.
of a 2 per cent, solution of Eucaine B suffices in most cases for the extraction of a large molar
without pain. For general use the 2 per cent, solution is preferred.

EUCALINE.

A proprietary deodorant and disinfectant.

EUCALYPTEN HYDROCHLORID.

Used as intestinal antiseptic. Dose, 1.5-2 Gm.

EUCALYPTEOL. (CioH„.HCl).

possesses
Used

EUCALYPTOL. CioHigO. ^onyww : Cineol, Cajeputol.

Eucalyptol is an oxygenated body obtained from the volatile oil of various species of Eu-
ealypttu. It is identical with cajeputol of oil of cajeput, and cineol of oil of wormseed. Eucalyptol
forms a colorless liquid of camphoraceous odor, boiling at 176° C. (348.8° F.) ; sp. gr., 0.930. It is
insoluble in water, but raiscible with alcohol, ether, and the fatty oils. Eucalyptol, being the
active constituent of oil of eucalyptus, is employed in all cases where the latter is applicable — that
is, as an antiseptic, rubefacient, etc. ; it is an effective agent in lung and bronchial aflections,
being introduced as a spray and inhalation. Its internal dose is 5 drops in capsule or as an
' emulsion.

68 THE NEWER REMEDIES,

EUCALYPTO-RESORCIN.

This compound is obtained by warming together molecular quantities of eucalyptol and
reeorcin ; the resulting product is recrystallized from alcohol It forms a white, crystalline pow-
der, which is soluble in alcohol and ether ; insoluble in water ; melts at 90° G. Eucalypto-resorcin
is an antiseptic, employed for inhalation (in alcoholic solution) in treatment of phthisis.

EUCASIN.

A compound of casein-ammonia made by passing ammonia over casein. It occurs as a fine
powder, soluble in warm water. It is employed as a dietetic, and is said to be a much better
nutritive than somatose, being better absorbed by the intestines. Usually given in soups,
cocoa, etc. With wine and beer it is incompatible.

E U C H I N I N . (CsHbO.CO.OCwHjjNjO). (D. R. P. Zimmer. )

An ethylcarbonic ester of quinin produced by the action of ethyl carbonyl chlorid on qui-
nin. It forms white, tasteless crystals, insoluble in water and soluble in alcohol, ether, and
chloroform which melt at 95° C. Used in whooping-cough, hectic fever, pneumonia, and typhus
in doses of 1-2 Gm.

Euchinin is now finding application as a remedy of equal value with quinin in treatment
of various malarial complaints, possessing the advantage of being tasteless. According to v.
Noorden, a dose of 1.5-2 Gm. of euchinin is of equal therapeutic value to 1 Gm. of quinin in
whooping-cough. The hydrochlorid of euchinin is the most soluble, while the tannate is practi-
cally insoluble.

EUDERMOL.

This is the name given by a German manufacturer (Marquart) to niootin salicylate. This
salt cry stallizes in colorless hexagonal tables melting at 117.5° C. and completely soluble in water.
It contains 54 per cent, of uicotin, and is permanent if kept in closed containers. It has been
recommended as a remedy in various skin diseases. For scabies, 3 or 4 applications are suffi-
cient. The salt is soluble in water, alcohol, oil, trauraaticin, etc. It is entirely non-irritant, does
not cause albuminuria, is odorless, and does not soil the clothing when used in ointment form.

EUDOXIN. Synonym: Tetra-iodo-phenolphtalein Bismuth.

A bismuth salt of nosophen (tetraiodophenolphtalein) containing 52.9 per cent, of iodin and
14.5 per cent, of bismuth. It is said to be useful in stomachic and intestinal troubles, in doses
of 0.2-0.5 Gm. (3-8 gr.) for adults ; 0.1-0.2 Gm. (l>4-3 gr.) for children of 5 to 10 years old, and
for infants in doses up to 0.1 Gm.

EUFORMOL.

A proprietary antiseptic tablet form containing oils of eucalyptus and wintergreen, thymol,
menthol, boric acid, fluid extract of wild indigo, ana formaldehyd.

E U Q A LLO L. (PYROGALLOLr-MONO-ACETATE. )

This has been recommended as a substitute for pyrogallol in the treatment of psoriasis.
It is a thick, syrupy, transparent mass, of a brownish-yellow color and readily soluble in water.
It is soluble in its own weight of acetone, and this solution can be applied to the skin by means
of a pencil, and when the acetone evaporates a firm, elastic varnisn will be left. Eugallol has
been placed on the market in the form of a 33 per cent, solution in acetone.

EUGENOL. C6H8.(C8H6)(O.CH8)(OH). (METHYL-ESTER OF ALLYL-DIOXY-BEN-

ZENE.)

This is a phenol which occurs in various volatile oils, particularly those of clove (80-90 per
cent.), allspice, cinnamon, sassafras, and bay. Oil of clove is treated with an excess of liquor
sodse, then shaken with ether to remove the terpenes ; the aqueous solution of sodium eugenol is
then decomposed by the addition of acid, when the eugenol separates as an oily fluid. It is an
aromatic, colorless, oily liqiiid, which boils at 246° C. (474.8° F.) ; when exposed to the air it
rapidly turns brown. Readily soluble in alcohol, almost insoluble in water ; it unites with alka^
lies, forming soluble salts. Eugenol is a powerful antiseptic, being employed in dental surgery.
It has also been recommended in treatment of tuberculosis in doses of 1-2 Gm. (15-30 gr.).

BENZOYL-EUGENOL. C6H8(C3H6) (OCH3)OOC.C8H5. Prepared by the action of
benzoyl chlorid on eugenol-sodium, occurs in colorless, inodorous crystals, which melt at 70.5°
C. (159° F.) ; insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol, ether, and chloroform. This compound is
recommended in place of Eugenol in phthisical conditions, also in neuralgic headaches. Dose,
0.5-1 Gm. (8-15 gr.).

CINNAMYL-EUGENOL. CeH3(C8H5)(OCH.,)0-CO.C2H2.C6H6. Prepared by interaction
between cinnamyl-chlorid and eugenol sodium ; it forms inodorous, colorless crystalline needles,
which melt at 90°-91° C. (194°-195.8° F.); insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol, ether, and
chloroform. This compound is likewise recommended for administering in place of Eugenol.
0.3-0.6 Gm. (4.5-9 gr.).

EUGENOL- ACET AMID. C6H8(C8H6)(OCH3)OCH2.CONH2. Prepared by the interaction
between eugenol-sodium and monochloracetic acid ; the resulting eugenol acetic acid is con-
verted into the amid by heating with ammonia. From water it crystallizes in shining plates,
from alcohol in fine needles, which melt at 110° C. (230° F.). It is recommended in fine powder
form as a local anesthetic, likewise as an antiseptic in treatment of wounds.

lODO-EUGENOL. CaH2l(C3H6)(OCH3)(OH). Obtained by the action of iodin on
eugenol-sodium. It forms a yellowish-colored, inodorous, insoluble powder, which melts at 150° C.
(302° F.). lodo-eugenol is employed as an antiseptic.

EUGENOL-BENZOATE. See under Eugenol.
EUGENOL-CINNAMATE. See under Eugenol.
EULYPTOL. SeeUlyptol.

THE NEWER REMEDIES, 69

EUNATROL. (EUNATRON?)

Sodium oleate in pill-form coated with chocolate. Becommended as excellent cholagogue
in doses of 1 Gm. twice daily.

EUNOL.

A preparation which occurs in two modifications: "alpha" and " beta "-eunol. It is
prepared from napthols and eucalyptols, and is intended for surgical purposes and the treat-
ment of skin diseases. Very bitter, insoluble in water, readily soluble in ether, alcohol, chloro-
form, and olive oil.

EUONYMIN.

A glucosid obtained from the bark of the root of the Wahoo {Ewmymus airopurpureus). It
forms a brownish-colored powder of very bitter taste, slightly soluble in water and soluble in
alcohol and ether. Its properties are purgative. Dose, O.OS-0.2 Gm. (^r^gr.).

EUPHTHALMIN. (Ci«Hs6N08.HCl). (D. R. P. Schering.)

The hydrochlorid of (n)methyl-vinyl-diaoetone-alkamine-phenyl-glycolyl, a synthetic
alkaloid that has chemically the same relation to "Eucaine B" as homatropm has to tropa-
cocain that is euphthalmin is the hydrochlorid of the mandelic acid derivative of " Eucaine B."
It is stated to be a powerful mydriatic, havine several advantages over the older mydriatic
alkaloids. Used in 2 per cent, solution. Specially useful when only a short mydriasis without
effect on the accommodation is desired.

EUPHORIN. Q,H5NH-CX>-OC2H6. Stmonym: Phenyl-urethane.

The esters of carbamic acid, 00<^g^a^ ^^^ ^^^j^^ Urethanes, eui*orln being a phenyl-ester.

It is obtained by the interaction between anilin and mono-chloroformic ethyl-ester, forming a
colorless crystalline powder, melting at 49°-Q0° C. (120.20-1220 F. ), slightly soluble in cold, more
readilv in hot, water ; soluble in alcohol, ether, and bydroalcoholic mixtures. Euphorin is em-
ployed as an antipyretic, antirheumatic, and analgesic, in doses of 0.13-0.5 Gm. (2-8 gr.) ; as an
antiseptic it is used in the form of a dusting-powder in the treatment of ulcers, skin d&ease8,etc.

EUQUININ. SeeEuchinin.

EURESOL. (RESORCIN MONO-ACETATE.)

This is recommended, dissolved in acetone, as a remedy for skin diseases.

EUROBIN.

This is chrysarobin triacetate, which is recommended in light, chronic skin affections. It
is usually combined with eugallol in a solution of acetone or chloroform, when the effects of
pyrogallol and chrysarobin are desired ; or with saligallol, when the effect of chrysarobin is
chiefly wanted.

EUROPHEN. CflH]^£H^?(C^jlo>HI. Synonym: Isobutyl-ortho-cresol-iodid.

This method of preparation is analogous to that employed in the manufacture of aristol, in
which a solution of isobutyl-ortho-cresol in dilute alkali is precipitated by a solution of iodin in
potassium iodid. Euroi)hen forms a yellowish, amorphous powder, of aromatic odor, insoluble
in water ; easily soluble in alcohol, ether, and the fatty oils. It yields iodin to metallic salts. It
should be preserved in a dry place, away from the action of light ; water and alkalies decompose
it. Europnen is employed as an antiseptic, being applied either as a dusting-powder or as a 5-10
per cent, ointment; for subcutaneous Injection a S^ per cent, solution in olive oil is used. (D.
K. P. Bayer.)

EURYTHROL.

An extract from the spleen of oxen, used in anemia and chlorosis. Dose, 1-2 teaspoon fuls
in soup daily.

EUTHYMOL.

According to Parke, Davis & Co. this contains oil of wintergreen, eucalyptus, boric acid,
thymol, menthol, extract, baptisia tinct. fluid. Used as antiseptic.

EX ALGI N . GsHfiNCCHg). (CHgCO). Synonym : Methyl-acetanilid.

This compound, a methylated acetanilid, is prepared by the interaction between acetyl-
chlorid and monoiuethyl-anilin. It forms acicular needles, which are difflcultly soluble in cold
water and readily in alcohol and diluted alcohol, melting at lOO^C. (212° F.). Exalgin is an
antineuralgic, being given in doses of 0.2-0.6 Gm. (3-10 gr.).

EXODYNE.

A commercial antipyretic which, according to Goldman, contains antifebrin, 90 per cent. ;
sodium salicylate, 5 per cent. ; sodium bicarbonate, 5 per cent.

EXOL.

A local anesthetic, used in dental practice.

EXTRACTUM CORPUS CILIARIS LIQUIDUM.

An organo-therapeutic preparation obtained from the corpus ciliare of the ox. Used in eye
diseases.

EXTRACTUM ERODII CICUTARII AQUOS. SPISS.

Used as a strong hemostatic. Ext. erod., 2-4 Gm. ; aqua menth. pip., 150 Gm. ; syr. spin,
cerv., 60 Gra. Take teaspoonful 3 or 4 times daily.

EXTRACTUM KOLJE SICC. BERGENAU.

Prepared by means of a solution of common salt as menstnuim and the strength adjusted
with milk sugar, to represent the drug weight for weight. The extract has the characteristic
strong odor and taste of the nut, and is well suited as a basis for all kinds of kola preparations.

eo THE NEWER REMEDIES,

EXTRACTUM LACTIS.

An extract oootaining the inorganic oonstituenta of milk (in nuclein-like combination),
free from milk sunir, casein, and albumin, especially adapted as a means of administering cal-
cium. One kilo of this " extract " represents 2000 liters of milk.

EXTRACTUM OSSIUM LIQUIDUM. SeeOssin.

EXTRACTUM SUPRARENALE HiCMOSTATICUM (Merck).

A specially prepared aqueous extract from the suprarenal capsules. Forms brown powder,
soluble in equal quantity of water. Its solution (1 : 1) in water produces an extraordinarily
strong contraction of the blood-vesaels when dropped upon mucous surfaces. Used in conjunc-
tion with oocain in eye operations, also as hemostatic in capillary hemorrhages.

FANQO.

Clay firom the hot springs of Battaglio (Italy). Applied locally in treating rheumatism,

gout, etc.

FAREOL.

A proprietary anodyne and antipyretic.

FELLITIN.

The trade name given by a German manufacturer to a preparation made from ox-gall for
use in frost-bite. Its use is based on the popular application of fresh ox-gall to this purpose in
Ireland, Russia, and certain parts of Germany.

FENTHOZON.

A deodorant and disinfectant, consisting of acetic acid, 26 Ghn.; phenol, 2 Gm.; menthol,
camphor, and oil of eucalyptus, of each 1 Gm. ; and oils of lavender and rerbena, each 0.5 Gm.

FERALDOID.

A peptonised albuminate of iron.

FERCREMOL.

A compouud of hemoglobin and iron, containing 3 per cent, of iron. It forms a brown,
tasteless powder, which dissolves in weak ammoniated water. The dose is 0.2-0.62 Gm. (:3-d gr.)
three times a day.

FERMELIN.

A bread preparation claimed to make the dongh rise better and to give the bread a thick
crust, which prevents it from drving out too rapidly and so keeps it fresh longer. The active
constituent appears to be a sort of diastase, which converts a portion of the' starch into glucose.
Dr. J. Colmanu gives the following analysis:

Per cent.

Water, 9.85

Mineral matter 1.22

Fat, 1.85

Proteins, 10.22

Non-nitrogenous nutritive matter, 74.76

Cdlulose, 1.10

100.00
FERRALBUMOSE.

Prepared, according to Dokkum, firom meat, which is cut fine after depriving it of fat, then
treated with artificial gastric juice, the filtered solution freed from albumin, neutralized with
sodium carbonate, asain filtered, and evaporated to dryness in vacuo. Of this albumose, a 10 per
cent, solution is made, aud a 10 per cent, ferric chlorid solution added so long as a precipitate is
formed. The precipitate is dricMi, powdered, and sifted.

FERRATIN. (D. R. P. Boehringer.)

Natural ferratin. a compound of iron found in the liver. May be obtained by extracting
the liver of the hog with water; artificially by a patented process. One hundred grams of egg
albumen are placed in a mixture of 21 Gc. of water and 70 Cc. of solution of caustic soda
(10 per cent). Twenty grams of tartrate of iron are dissolved in water, and, if acid, as it

generally is, it is neutralized with sodium carbonate. The two solutions are mixed and left for
ve or six hours, and then transferred to the water-bath. The black coloration, due to the forma-
tion of sulfide of iron, will disappear toward the end of the process. After cooling, tartaric
acid is added to faint acidity. The precipitate formed is dissmved by the addition of a little
ammonia, and excess of this is driven off by exposure to the water-bath. It is then filtered, and
when the filtrate is cold, the ferratin is precipitated by a solution of tartaric acid, which should
only be added in just sufficient quantity. It is filtered off, washed with water, alcohol, and ether,
and dried. Ferratin forms a reddish-brown, inodorous, and tasteless powder, insoluble in water
or dilute acids, but soluble in water possessing a slight alkaline reaction. The preparation con-
tains about 7 per cent, of iron. The commercial article appears in two forms, one being insolu-
ble, as described above, and the other a soluble sodium compound. Ferratin is readily absorbed
in the organism, without causing the slightest digestive disturbances. Dose, 0.6 Gm. (8gr.);
children, half this dose. See Indifferent Compounds of Iron in Addenda.

FERRIC SULFATE (as disinfectant).

E. Rieckehas examined -ferric sulfate (tersulfate of iron) for its disinfecting power, and
has found that it may be used to better advantage than free acids. A 0.25 per cent, solution
arrests the development of typhus and cholera bacilli, and the germs of these micro-organisms
are destroyed in feces within one minute after applying this solution.

FERRIPTON.

An iron preparation for anemia, debility, etc. Administered per os or hypodermically.

THE NEWER REMEDIES. 61

FERRIPYRINE, See Ferropyrine.

FERRISALIPYRINE. (ANTIPYRINE FERROUS SALICYLATE.)

A yellowish-brown, indistinctly crystalline powder, showing a green flaorescenoe.

FERRO-HEMOL. SeeHemol.

FERRO-MAGNESIUM-SULFATE. FeS04.MgS04 + 6HaO.

A greenish- white powder, used in anemia and chlorosis. Dose, 0.5 Gm.

FERROPYRINE. (CiiHi,N80)8Fe,Cl«).

A compound of three molecules of antipyrlne and one molecule of ferric chlorid. This-
compound possesses the combined yaluable properties of both its constituents, hence may be em-
ployed in tne treatment of anemia, neuralgia, etc. Ferropyrin appears as an impalpable, orange*
red colored powder, containing 64 per cent, of antipyrine, 12 per cent, of iron, and 24 per cent of
chlorin. Soluble in 5 parts of water at 15° C, and only 9 parts at 100° C, hence on boiling a
eold saturated solution, ferropyrin separates in the form of ruby-red scales, which melt between
220° and 225° C. Very soluble in cold methyl-alcohol, from which it separates in orange-red
shining scales ; also very soluble in alcohol, and insoluble in ether. The addition of alkalies or
alkali oicarbonates to its aqueous solution causes the precipitation of ferric hydrate. Used as
styptic either in a 20 per cent, aqueous solution, applied with cotton tampons, or directly in
powder form. Internal dose is given as 0.5 Gm. (8 gr.), used in anemic conditions accompanied
by headache and gastralgia.

FERROSINE.

A preparation said to contain iron oxid, 70-75 per cent.; lime and albumin, 10-20 per
cent; ana water, etc., 10-15 per cent. It occurs either as a granular or fine red powder, which is
used as a pigment.

FERRO-SODIUM CITRO-ALBUMINATE.

Hematinic. Contains 30 per cent, of ferric oxid. Dose, 1.6 Gm. (23 gr.) for adults, 0.25-
0.5 Gm. (4-8 gr.) for children, in soup or syrup.

FERROSOL.

A double saccharate of ferrous oxid and sodium chlorid. Ferrosol does not precipitate by
the addition of acids, alkalies, salts, or changes of temperature ; it contains 0.77 per cent, of iron.
Employed in anemia, chlorosis, etc.

FERRO-SOMATOSE.

A mixture of somatose with 2 per cent, of an organic combination of iron. It is a brown,
odorless, and tasteless powder, easily soluble in aqueous liquids^ free from styptic taste, and doe»
not injure the teeth, it has been used with success in anemia and chlorosis. Dose, 5-10 Gm.
(75-150 gr. ) daily, given in two or three portions, in any suitable vehicle, without changing
habitual diet. In doses of 10 Gm. it is laxative. It may be sterilized and administered sul^
cutaneously. See also under Somatose.

FERROSTYPTIN (Marquart).

A preparation of iron containing formaldehyd ; forms dark yellow, cubic crystals, or
crystalline powder, melting at 120° C, readily soluble in water. Used as hemostyptic antiseptic,
non-caustic in dental and minologio practice. Dose, 0.3-0.5 Gm. (5-8 gr.).

FERROVIN.

A readily absorbable iron preparation, used in anemia.

FERRUM ALBUMINATUM. See Iron Albuminate.

FERRUM CASEINATUM. Synonym : Iron Nucleoalbuminate.

Recommended as a substitute for ferrum albuminatum, and contains 5.2 per cent, ferric
oxid. It is prepared bv precipitating a solution of iron lactate with a solution of calcium case-
inate. Skimmed milk is diluted with water and the casein precipitated by the addition of acetic
acid (avoiding excess). This is collected and repeatedly washed with warm water, finally with
alcohol, followed by ether. One part of this purified casein is rubbed with one part of calcium
carbonate and 100 parts of warm water ; the resulting solution of calcium caseinate is filtered
and treated with a slight excess of a freshly prepared 1 per cent, solution of ferrous lactate.
The resulting precipitate of iron caseinate is at first colorless, but on drying turns a flesh color.
It is devoid of odor and taste, and is soluble in water only when made alkaline with sodium car-
bonate.

FERRUM OXYDATUM SACCHARATUM SOLUBILE. See Iron, Saccha-
rated Oxid.

FERRUM PEPTONATUM. See Iron Peptonate.

FERVIN.

A meat extract containing iron, placed on the market in gelatin capsules.

FILICIC ACID (Amorphous). CaH^Ois.

An amorphous principle obtained from the rhizome of the Male Fem{Aspidium JUix mas).
This forms a tasteless white powder, which is soluble in alcohol and the fatty oils ; melts at 125° C.
([257° F.). The anthelmintic properties of male fern extract are ascribed to this principle, which
is given in doses of 0.5-1 Gm. (8-15 gr.). If absorbed into the system, amorphous filicic acid is
toxic, hence it should not be administered with the fatty oils. Tne crystalline filicic acid is abso*
lutely inert ( Poulsen. )

FILMOGEN. See Liquor Adheesivus.

62 THE NEWER REMEDIES.

FLUORESCEIN. (RESORCIN-PHTHALEIN.) CaoHisOs.HA

Phthalic acid anhydrid (75 parts) is fused with resorcin (100 pi^rts). the mass well washed
with hot water, and crystallised from alcohol. Fluorescein forms a yellowish-red, crystallme
powder, insoluble iu water, uniting with alkalies to form soluble salts. A 2 per cent, alkaline
(NaHCOs) solution is employed in diagnosis of corneal lesions, and detection of minute foreign
bodies imbedded in that tissue. Those portions of the cornea which are devoid of their epithe-
lium are colored green, while foreign bodies are surrounded by a green ring. (Straub.)

FLUOROL,

A sodium fluorid, which is recommended as an antiseptic of equal yalue to sublimate,
potassium permauganate, and formaldehyd. It possesses the advantage of not coagulating
albumin. Iiijectious of a 1 : 200 solution of fluorol are neither painful nor caustic, and they pro-
duce no irritation whatever when applied to the mucous membranes, while they render the latter
unfit for the propagation of micro-organisms.

FLUOROXYL. See Epidermin.

FLUORPHENETOL. See Antltussin.

FORMACOLL.

A new name for formaldehyd-gelatin.

FORMAGEN.

A dental cement.

FORMALDEHYD-CASEIN. (D. R P. Merck.)

A compound of formaldehyd and casein. Constitutes an inodorous, tasteless, coarse,
yellow powder. Surgical antiseptic.

FORMALDEHYD-TANNIN-ALBUMINATE.

It has been attempted to render tannin-albumin compounds more resistant to the action
of the gastric juices by heating, by treating with alcohol or with acids. The same object may
be attained by the action of formaldehyd on the finished tannin-albumin compound. The
product is insoluble in the acid liquids of the stomach, also offers some resistance toward the
alkaline fluids of the intestines, and is finally split up into three constituents when it reaches
the lower intestines, and there exerts the astringent effect of the tannin, as also the antiseptic
properties of the formaldehyd.

FORM A LI N . H.COH + xHsO. Synonynu : Formic Aldehyd ; FormoL

This is a concentrated (40 per cent.) aqueous solution of formic aldehyd, the latter being
obtained by passing the vapors of methyl alcohol over glowing coke or platinum spirals. This
solution possesses a pungent odor and neutral reaction, its specific gravity bein^ from 1.080-1.088.
Formic aldehyd is a most powerful bactericide and antiseptic. The vapors of this destroy within
a very short time the bacilli of cholera, tvphus, diphtheria, anthrax, etc., hence a most valuable
antiseptic. The solution can be spray ea about tue room or over the infected objects without
injury ; where obtainable, the formaldehyd lamp is best, in which the vapors of the gas are
generated directly from the imperfect oxidation of methyl alcohoL The vapors of formic
aldehyd are irritating, hence cause sneezing and profuse flow of tears.

For sprinkling about, a 2>5 per cent, solution of formalin is u^ually employed.

A 1 : 10 solution of formol may be employed as a preservative fluid for anatomic and
botanic specimens ; also this same solution is used as a hardening agent for tissues.

A more convenient method of sick-room disinfection consists in employing the Schering's
Formalin Lamp or the Formalin Disiufector.

FORMA NILID. CeHsNH.COH.

This is obtained by digesting anilin with formic acid, or by rapidly heating it with oxalic
acid. It forms colorless prismatic needles, melting at 46° C. (115° F.), readily soluble in water,
alcohol, glycerin, and the oils. Formanilid is employed as an antipyretic and analgesic in
doses of about 0.12-0.3 Gm. (2-5 gr.). When applied to the mucous membrane in powder form,
or used in the form of a subcutaneous injection (1 Gc. of a 3 per cent, solution), it acts as a local
anesthetic.

FORMATOL.

A disinfectant dusting-powder containing formalddiyd.

FORMIC ALDEHYD. See Formalin.
FORMIC ETHER. See Ethyl Formate.

FO R M I N • (CHs)eN4. Synonyms : Urotropin ; Hexa^methy lene-tetramin.

A condensation product of formaldehyd and ammonia which forms a white crystalline
powder, readily soluble in water, insoluble in alcohol. Used iu uric acid diathesis and cystitis.
Dose, 1-1.5 Gm.

FORMIN SALICYLA TK See Saliformin.

FORMOCHLOR.

A solution of formaldehyd and calcium chlorid. Used as a disinfectant with an atomizer
or by vaporizing with heat.

FORMOFORIN. Synonym: Formoform.

A mixture intended to relieve perspiring feet. It consists of formaldehyd 0.13 per cent.,
thymol 0.1 per cent., zinc oxid 34.44 per cent., and starch 65.27 per cent.; applied as a dusting-
powder. Ii formaldehyd is omitted, the powder may be used as disinfectant for purulent
wounds.

FORMOFORM. See Formoforin.

THE NEWER REMEDIES, 63

PORMOL. See FormaUn.

FORMOLID.

A proprietary antiseptic, germicide, and prophylactic.

FORMOPYRINE.

Obtained by action of a 40 per cent, solution of formaldehyd on an aqueous solution of
antipyrine. Forms white crystals ; Insoluble in cold, but soluble in hot water, alcohol, and acids ;
with the latter, salts are formed ; melts at 156° C. (312.8° F.).

FORMYL BROMID. See Bromoform.
FORMYL CHLORID. See Chloroform.

FORMYL-PARA-AMIDO-PHENYL-ETHER,

Obtained by fusing together para-amido-phenyl-«ther hydrochlorid, sodium formiate, and
formic acid, extracting the mass with boiling water, and crystallizing. White, gloesy, tasteless
scales, soluble only in boiling water, alcohol, and ether. Recommended as a sure antidote to
strychnin poisoning.

FORMYL-PHENACETIN. See under Phenacetin.

FORMYL-PIPERIDIN.

Prepared by interaction between formamid and piperidin. It is an oily liquid, which
possesses an agreeable, aromatic odor. It boils at 220O-221o C. (4280-4320 F. ), and has its meltinc-
point (as a phitinum salt) at 1710-172° C. (339.8°-341.6° F.). It is soluble in water and in alcohol.
On conducting hydrochloric acid gas through a solution of formyl-piperidin in absolute ether,
hygroscopic crystalline needles having the structure CfiHioN.COH.HCl are produced.

FORMYL TRIBROMID. See Bromoform.

FORMYL TRIIODID. See Iodoform.

FOSSILIN.

A name given to a petroleum product similar to petrolatum, vaselin, etc.

FRANOULIC ACID. (C14H8O4 + 1>^0).

Obtained by boiling frangulin with diluted acids. Orange vellow or brown needles or
plates, insoluble in water, soluble in cold but slowly soluble in hoi alcohol Used as laxative.

F R A X I N I N . Synonym : Mannite.

FREJAROL.

An ethereal oil obtained from the frejar tree. It has an odor resembling that of pepper.
Used for skin diseases in East India.

FROHMANN'S SOLUTION.

A local anesthetic used in dental practice, composed of cocain hydrochl. (0.2), morph.
hydrochl. (0.25), steril. sodium chlorid (0.2), antipyrine (1-2), guaiacol (2 drops), distilled water
(100).

FRUIT-SUGAR. SeeDiabetin.

FUCHSIN. Synonyms: Rosein; Rubin; Rosanilin Hydrochlorid.

Used in albuminuria of the kidneys. Dose, 0.05-0.2 Gm. in pill form.

F U R F U RO N ( " Ethereal Extract of Hayseed " ).

A liniment of dirty green color and strongly alkaline reaction ; recommended for gout and
rheumatism. According to " Ph. Ztg.," it consists principally of a soap, mixed with camphor,
salicylic acid, acetic ether, ammonia, and an alcoholic extract of peppermint.

Q A D U O L . Synonyms : Alcoholic Extract of Cod-liver Oil ; Morrhuol.

Brownish-yellow, oily liquid, bitter, acrid taste, probably prepared by repeatedly extract-
ing cod-liver oil with 90 per cent, alcohol, these extractions being concentrated by distilling off
the alcohol. Same uses as cod-liver oil. Dose, 5-16 n\ in capsules.

GALACTO CHLORAL. C8H4a80e.

Obtained by heating a mixture of galactose and chloral in presence of hydrochloric acid.
Forms glossy scales, soluble only in alcohol. Properties likely similar to chloralose.

GALIUM APARINA.

An extract prepared from the leaves of this rubiaceous plant. Used as antiscorbutic and
diuretic in epilepsy, jaundice, and dropsy. Dose, 0.25-1 Gm.

GALLABROMOL. See Gallobromol.

GALLACETOPHENON. CH8.CO.CflH2(OH)8. Synonyms: Alizarin-yellow C; Methyl-
keto-tri-oxy-benzene ; Tri-oxy-aceto-phenon.

This derivative of pyrogallol is known pommercially under the name of "alizarin-yel-
low C." It is prepared by interaction between pyrogallol, acetic acid, and zinc chlorid at 150° C.
(302° F.}. It forms a pale yellow powder, almost insoluble in cold water, readily soluble in hot
water, alcohol, ether, and glycerin ; melts at 170° C. (838° F.). Gallacetophenon is employed in
dermatology (10 per cent, ointment) as a substitute for pyrogallol, which frequently gives rise to
toxic symptoms.

64 THE NEWER REMEDIES,

GALLAL.

Basic alaminium gallate. An amorphous, brownish powder obtained by precipitating a
solution of aluminum sulfate with a solution oi gallic acid which has been nearly neutralized
with sodium hydrate. Used as antiseptic dusting-powder.

GALLANILID. SeeGallanol.

GALLANOL. C<(HsNH.CO.C«H2(OH)8. Syrumymt : Gallic Acid Anilid ; Gallinol ; Gallanilid.

This compound, the anilid of gallic acid, is obtained by boiling tannin with anilin. It is
a colorless, crystalline solid, with bitter taste, soluble in water, alcohol, and ether; possessing
marked astringent properties. Gallanol is employed in skin diseases in place of chrysophanic
acid and pyrogallol, being less irritating and without poisonous properties. The strength of the
ointment yaries from 3-20 per cent. ; In some instances it is used as a dusting-powder when
mixed with French chalk.

GALLIC ACID ANILID. SeeGaUanoL

GALLICIN. CeHK^Sg^H,.

A methyl ether of gallic acid, prepared by passing dry hydrochloric acid gas through a
solution of gallic or tannic acid in methyl alcohol. Occurs either in rhombic prisms or fine
needles which melt at 202^ C, readily soluble in water and alcohol. Recommended as a non-
toxic, antiseptic dusting-powder.

GALLINOL. SeeGallanol.

GALLOBROMOL. CeBrs(0H)8C00H. Synmyma: Di-bromo-gallic Acid ; GallabromoL

This compound, obtained by the action of bromin on gallic acid, occurs in fine white
needles, almost insoluble in cold, but readily soluble in hot, water, also in alcohol and ether ; melts
at 205° C. (401° F. ). It is used in neurasthenia and similar complaints as a sedative, in place of
the alkali bromids, the dose being 2-3 Gm. (3(M5 gr. ) a day. Also employed in cystitis and
epididymitis (by irrigation with 2-4 per cent, solutions), and in eczema madidum and crustosum
(1-2 percent, solutions, powders, or ointments).

Ijfc. Gallobromol 3 Gm.

Dist water 200 •*

For injection 4 or 5 times a day (in gonorrhea, cystitis, and epididymitis, and as a lotion in
eczema).

GALLOFORMIN.

A compound of formaldehyd and gallic acid which has been recommended on the ground that
itis very unstable, and that when applied therapeutically, the formaldehyd is liberated under the
influence of either acids or alkalies. It is produced by the action of gallic acid on hexamethylene-
tetramin. It occurs as hard, opaque needles, soluble with difl^culty in water, alcohol, ether, and
glycerin, and insoluble in alcohol, benzol, and olive oil. It is decomposed by heat.

GASTROMYXIN.

A preparation of pepsin.

GELANTHUM.

A mixture of gelatin, tragacanth, and water, proposed as ointment-vehicle.

GELATOL.

An ointment-vehicle composed of a mixture of oil, glycerin, gelatin, and water.

GEOPORM AND CREOFORM.

Formed by the interaction of guaiacol and creosote, respectively, with formaldehyd. The
combinations are free from odor and taste, are neither caustic nor irritant, and free from toxic
effects. They are soluble in caustic potash solution and are reprecipitated on acidulating the solu-
tion. They are soluble in alcohol, euier, and hot benzol, insoluble in water and petroleum ether.

GEOSOT. (GUAIACOL VALERATE.)

The guaiacol ester of valeric acid, an oily liquid of specific gravity 1.037, used in tubercu-
losis. Dose, 0.2 Gm., taken in capsules, 3 to 9 daily.

GERMOL.

A clear, reddish-brown, oleaginous fluid, having an odor resembling that of creolin. Spe-
cific gravity 1.045 and boiling-point 190° C. Composition unknown. Used as an antiseptic, like
cresol.

GICHTWASSER (Schering's).

Contains 1 Gm. each of phenocoll hydrochlorid and piperazin in 600 Cc. of carbonated
water.

GLACIALIN.

A meat preservative consisting of borax 1 part and boric acid 3 parts.

GLANDULES PROSTAT^E SICC. PULV. See Organo-therapeutic Extracts in
Addenda.

The purified, dried, and powdered prostate gland of the steer; each part represents 6
parts of the fresh gland. Used in hypertrophy of prostate gland in daily doses of 0.5 Gm.

GLANDUL/E SUPRARENALES SICC. PULV. See Organo-therapeutic Extracts
in Addenda.

The selected suprarenal capsules of oxen and sheep which have been dried and powdered ;
1 part of this powder represents 5 parts of the fresh organ. Used in Addison's disease, dialietes
insipidus, neurasthenia, cyclic albuminuria, heart diseases, in doses of 0.2 Gm. two or three times
daily.

THE NEWER REMEDIES. 66

GLANDULA THYMI SICC. PULV. See Org^no-therapcu tic Extracts in Addenda.

Prepared from fresh thymus gland of calves and sheep, 1 part representing 6 parts of fresh

§Iand. Like the thyroid gland, it also contains iodin. Used in struma and Basedow's disease, in
ally doses of 2.5-5 Gm.

G LA N D U L E N . See Organo-therapeutic Extracts in Addenda.

Prepared from the bronchial glands of sheep, in which, after extracting with water or
alcohol, the active substance is precipitated with acids ; this is then dried and made into tablets
with sugar of milk. Each tablet represents % Gm. of the fresh membrane. Recommended in
tuberculosis.

GLOBULARIN (G80H44O14) and GLOBULARETIN (C12H14O8).

The former is a bitter principle from the Qlobularia Alypum, the latter a decomposition
product resulting from the action of diluted acids upon globularin. Recommended in rheumatism,
gout, and typhoid fevers. Globularin acts upon the heart and nervous system like caffein, dimin-
ishing the secretion and specific gravity of the urine. Globularetin, on the contrary, increases
the secretion of urine and its total solid content to the extent of 33 per cent. This remedy also
promotes a free secretion of gall to the extent of producing a diarrhea.

GLONOIN.

Nitroglycerin (seeU. S. P.).

GLUCIN.

The sodium salt of amido-triazin-sulfonic acid, obtained by the action of aldehyds upon
chrysoidin and conversion of the condensation products into their mono- and di-sulfonic acids.
As regards sweetening power, glucin is inferior to saccharin, being about 100 times sweeter than
cane-sugar. (D. R. P. A. G. f. Anilinfabr. )

GLUCOPHENETIDIN.

A condensation product of para-phenetidin and glucose. Occurs in white, needle-shaped
crystals of silky luster, readily soluble in hot water and alcohol, less so in the cold solvents ;
melts at 165° C. It dissolves in concentrated sulfuric acid, at first with a greenish-yellow color,
becoming ^reen-black on standing ; silver salts are readily reduced. Medicinal properties not as
yet investigated.

GLUCUSIMIDE. See Saccharin.

GLUSIDE. See Saccharin.

GLUTINO-PEPTONATE OF MERCURY HYDROCHLORID. See Mer-
cury Grlutino-peptonate Hydrochlorid.

GLUTOFORM. See Glutei.

GLUTOID CAPSULES.

Gelatin capsules hardened with formaldehyd.

GLUTOL. Synonyms: Formaldehyd-gelatin ; Glutoform.

A solution of 500 Gm. of gelatin is mixed with 25 drops of a 40 per cent, solution of formal-
dehyd 'j then the mixture is dried in presence of formaldehyd vapors, then powdered. Used as
an antiseptic dusting-powder.

GLYBOLID. SeeGlybrid.

GLYBRID.

A paste Consisting of a mixture of equal parts of boralid (a mixture of equal parts of
boric acid and antifebriu) and glycerin. Used as antiseptic.

GLYCERIN-CHLORAL-CAMPHOR.

Chloral hydrate 5 parts, and camphor 3 parts, are triturated until fluid ; then 25 Gm. of
glycerin are added, and the mixture warmed. Recommended in ulcus molle.

GLYCERIN LACTO-CARBOLATE.

A mixture of glycerin with lactic and carbolic acids. Used as a topical application in
laryngeal tuberculosis.

GLYCERIN SULFURATED.

A glycerin containing 5 per cent, of sulfur. Used for painting a diphtheritic throat.

GLYCERO-PHOSPHORIC ACID. CH2(OH).CH(OH).CH20.PO(OH)2.

Prepared by mixing phosphoric acid of sp. gr. 1.454 (1 part) and glycerin of sp. gr. 1.242
(1^ parts). This mixture is gradually heated over a Bunsen burner ; at 120° C. the liquid
assumes a straw color, and gradually darkens until 190° is reached, when the color is that of a
dark amber, and vapors of acrolein are given 'off. It is, when pure, a yellow, odorless liquid of
syrupy consistence and acid taste, soluble in water and alcohol. Employed in neurasthenia,
tabes dorsalis, phosphaturia, etc., in doses of 0.1-0.3 Gm. (1^-5 gr.) three times daily. The salts
are employed in similar cases and in the same doses.

CALCIUM QLYCERO- PHOSPHATE. Ca CsHtPOs + 2H2O. Glycero-phosphoric acid
is poured in small quantities at a time into a mixture of calcium carbonate and water. The
glycero-phosphate formed is precipitated from the solution by addition of alcohol. It is purified
by dissolving in water and reprecipitating with alcohol. Forms a white crystalline powder,
soluble in cold water, insoluble in alcohol. Dose, 0.2-0.3 Gm. (3-4.5 gr.).

IRON GLYCERO-PHOSPHATE. A greenish-gray powder or yellow plates, soluble
in 10 parts of warm water to form a brown solution of acid reaction. The solution is stable,
even on warming, but ia precipitated by carbonates, oxalates, phosphates, and lead salts. The
salt contains 27-28 per cent, of phosphoric acid.
5

66 THE NEWER REMEDIES,

LITHIUM OLYCERO-PHOSPHATE. LiidHTPOe. A whit« powder, soluble
in water ; also oocurs in the market as a 60 per cent, solution. Employed in the same cases
as other lithium salts, especiallT when the tonic effect of glTcero-phosphoric acid is desired.
Dose, 0.5-1 Gm. (8-15 gr.).

80DIUM-OLYCERO-PHOSPHATE, Vt^QJ^fVO^ Appears in the market as a 50 per
cent, solution. From 0.2-0.26 Gm. (8-4 gr.) are Injected (subcutaneouslj) daily in sodium
chlorid solution.

GLYCEROSE.

An aldehyd obtained by subjecting glycerin to electrolysis or oxidation with platinum
sponge. Used as a deyeloper in photography. Forms a pale yellow, aqueous fluid, which may
be prepared as follows : In 2 kilos of anhydrous glycerin 180 Gm. of mercuric chlorid are
dissoWed, and the mixture heated in a retort over an oU bath to 15U°-160° C. Glyoerose distils
slowly over, mixed with some side products. The distillate is neutralized with sodium carbonate
and the aqueous solution extracted with benzin, which takes up the glycerose. Yield, about
I kilo.

OLYCOBLASTOL.

A hair remedy. It is a yellow liquid of agreeable odor, containing, according to Dr.
Weller: Alcohol, 35.22; glycerin, 61.64; and 0.19 per cent, of a substance, haying a very
pungent taste, probably capsicin.

QLYCOFORMAL.

Walter and Schlossmann have made critical tests of the efficiency of various methods of dis-
infection, and arrive at the conclusion that formaldehyd, in presence of a sufficient quantity of
water, deserves preference over all other disinfecting agents. Thev r^^ard vaporization of para-
formaldehyd as inefficient, because of the absence of sufficient moisture and the rapid reconver-
sion of the vapors into para-formaldehyd. A rational and practical disinfection requires that
it take place rapidly, that the disinfectant thoroughly penetrate the obiects under treatment,
and does not injure them. These requirements are met, according to the authors, by a liquid
which they name Glycoformal, when it is applied in sufficient quantity by means of a specially
constructed atomizer. Glycoformal is a mixture of an aqueous solution of formaldebyd and
glycerin. The glycerin is added for the purpose of attracting moisture, and thus rendering
every smallest particle of formaldebyd effective. At the same time it acts as a solvent for the
layer of fat, which is present almost everywhere. This method of disinfection is successful, not
only in living rooms, but also in stables, which are rendered sterile in one-half to three hours.

OLYCOOELATIN-

An ointment-vehicle prepared from glycerin and gelatin.

GLYCOLINE-

A purified petroleum oil, for use in atomizers.

GLYCOSOLVOL-

Said to be a " peptonized oxypropionate-theobromin pepsin" (?), obtained by action of
oxy-propionic acid on peptone and a compound of theobromin on trypsin (?). Becommended
in diabetes mellitus. (Lindner, Dresden. )

GLYCOZONE.

A thick, syrupy liquid, which is made by saturating glycerin with ozone. It is adminis-
tered in teaspoonful doses, diluted with water, in treatment of dyspepsia, etc.

GLYMOL.

A proprietary preparation, claimed to be a liquid hydrocarbon, of neutral reaction,
obtained from crude petroleum ; specific gravity, 0.865, at 60° F. Employed in nasal and bronchial
diseases, gynecologic practice, etc.

GOA IPECACUANHA. See Narogamia.

GOLD AND POTASSIUM BROMID. See Potassio-auric Bromid.

GOLD CYAN ID. See Aurum Cyanatum.

GOLD MONOBROMID. AuBr.

Yellowish-gray, very friable mass, insoluble in water. Antiepileptic, antisyphilitic. Dose,
\-\ gr. Anodyne (migraine, etc.), ^ gr. twice daily before meals.

GOLD TRIBROMID. AuBr,.

Soluble in water. Therapeutics and dose same as monobromid.

GOLD TRICYANID. See Aurum Tricyanatum.

GONOPEPSIN.

A preparation stated to consist of boric acid, pepsin, infusion of cranberry, and water.
Recommended as an injection in gonorrhea.

GONOROL.

A remedy for gonorrhea, which is stated to represent the active constituents of sandal-
wood oil. Gonorol is a colorless oil, having a feeble oaor, suggesting its source.

GUACAMPHOL. (CAMPHORIC ACID ESTER OF GUAIACOL.)

A valuable remedy to combat night-sweats of phthisis as well as the form of diarrhea
which accompanies the disease. It^ crystallizes in shape of white needles, which are devoid of
odor and taste.

THE NEWER REMEDIES. 67

OUACETIN. See Guaiacetin. .

CUACO. (HT7AC0.) ^

The leaves and stems of the South American Arittoloehiafragranguaco, which are used in
cholera, intermittent fever, and vaginitis. Dose, 1-5 Gm. of the powder, or 30 Cc. of infusion
(2 : 100).

OUiflETHOL. C8H4<Q^*^* igl' SynonytM: Ajaool; Thanatol; Pyrocatechin-mono-ethfl-
ether.

A homologue of guaiacol which forms an oleaginous fluid ; when exposed to a low temper-
ature congeals to a crystalline mass, soluble in alcohol and ether ; melts at 26*^-28° C. (78.8°-82.4^
F.). Medicinal properties same as those of guaiacol. V. Mering claims gusethol to oe superior
to the former. Dose, 0.1-0.25 Gm. in capsules or mixed with wine. (D. K. P. Merck.)

GUAIACETIN. ( CeH4<^^^«^^^^). Synonym : Pyrocatechin-mono-acetic Acid.

Obtained by the action of chloro-acetic acid on pyrocatechin. Forms a white, inodorous
powder or crystals, readily soluble in water, melting at 131° G. (267.8° F.) ; this solution gives a
deep blue color with ferric chlorid. Constitutes a colorless fluid of strong aromatic odor, almost
iusoluble in water, but readily so in alcohol. Used as a substitute for guaiacol in phthisis,
etc. Dose, 0.5 Gm. in emulsion or capsules three times daily. (D. K. P. Majert.)

CUAIACOCAIN.

A dental anesthetic.

•GUAIACOL. C6H4(OGH3) (OH ) (1 : 2) . Synonyms : Methy 1-py ro-catechol ; Methy 1-pyrocatechin.

Beechwood tar creosote, which consists of a mixture of guaiacol, cresols, and creosol, is
fractionated^ collecting that portion which comes over between 2(^° and 205° G. ; this product, on
treatment with alcoholic potassium-hydrate, yields potassiiim-guaiacol, which, when decomposed
with dilute acids, liberates guaiacol. When pure, guaiacol forms a crystalline solid, which melts
at 28.5° G. (83.3°F.) (Merck), and boils at 205.1° G. (401.1° F.); purified liquid guaiacol is a
colorless refractive liquid, of agreeable aromatic odor, having a specific gravity of about 1.143:
soluble in 85 parts of water, readily in all proportions in alcohol and ether. Commercial guaiacol
(generally of synthetic origin), an oily liquid, does not contain more than 90 per cent, of pure
guaiacol, its gravity is lower, and color darkens on exposure to air. Guaiacol is a valuable
remedy in phthisis, being given in doses of 0.05-0.1 Gm. (0.7-15 gr.) or 1 or 2 minims, which
may be increased to 20 minims or more. (D. R. P. Merck.) It readily combines with acid radi-
cals, forming crystalline compounds, among which are :

CREOSOTE CARBONATE. See Creosotal.

G UAIA COL BENZOA TE. See Benzosol.

OUAIACOL BINIODID. Prepared hj precipitating an aqueous solution of sodium
guaiacol with a solution of iodin in potassium iodid. It forms a reddish-brown powder, possess-
ing an odor of iodin ; soluble in alcohol and the fatty oils. Nothing definite is known as to its
dose.

OUAIACOL CARBONATE. [C08(CeH40CH8)2]. Synonym: Ductal. The di-guaiacol ester
of carbonic acid. Formed by the action of phosgene gas on guaiacol sodium. This forms an in-
odorous, neutral, crystalline powder (containing 91.5 per cent, of guaiacol), insoluble in water,
slightly so in alcohol, glycerin, and the oils ; melts at 86°-90° C. (186.8°-194° F.). The freedom
from irritation produced by guaiacol, as well as creosote, has added to the popularity of this salt,
which does not disturb the digestive functions, for, being insoluble, it passes unchanged through
the stomach into the intestines, where it is split up. The dose is 0.3r-0.5 Gm. (5-8 gr.), gradu-
ally increasing to 5 Gm. (75 gr.) daily.

OUAIACOL CARBONIC ACID. (CeHj(0H)(0CH8JC00H + 2H80). Prepared by
passing carbonic acid over sodium-guaiacol heatea to 100° C. (212° F.^ j the resulting product on
treatment with acids yields the free acid. This forms a white, crystalline, inodorous powder of
bitter taste; slightly soluble in water, readily in alcohol and ether, melting at 150° C. (302° F.).
Guaiacol carbonic acid and its alkali salts have been recommended as antiseptics and antirheu-
matics. This compound should not be confused with Guaiacol Carbonate. (D. R. P. v. Heyden.)

GUAIACOL ETHYLENATE. (CH30.C«H40-C2H4-O.CeH40CH8). A guaiacol ethy-
lene ester, which forms inodorous needles difflcultly soluble in water, melting at 138° C.
Used like guaiacol in doses of 0.5-1 Gm. twice daily.

GUAIACOL-PHOSPHAL, P.(C6H4.0CH.O)3, or GUAIACOL PHOSPHITE. The
TCBult of an attempt to prepare a compound in which the caustic properties of guaiacol might be
mitigated, and at the same time containing a high percentage of guaiacol. The ester combina^
tion of phosphorous acid was chosen, partly for the reason that it enables the formation of a com-
pound having the highest possible content of guaiacol, 92.2 per cent, (against 45.9 per cent, in
the salicylate and 89.8 per cent, in the carbonate). On the other hand, much value is placed on
the action of the phosphorus itself, which in the form of phosphite is almost completely assimi-
lated, and is medicinally efiective in the same diseases as guaiacol. Guaiacol-phosphal crystal-
lizes in white needles that melt at 77.5° C. It is very soluble in strong alcohol, ether, and
chloroform, less soluble in water, glycerin, fatty oils, and oil of turpentine. The daily dose is
1-2 Gm. (15-30 gr.).

G UAIA COL PHOSPHA TE. PO(C6H40CH80)8. This salt is prepared by H. Dubois by
making a solution of guaiacol in soda lye, cooling, and then adding phosphorus oxychlorid,
drop by drop, in somewhat more than the theoretic quantity. After standing five or six hours
an oily layer of the phosphate collects on the bottom of the vessel, which soon crystallizes, and is
then purified by repeatea washing with alcohol. It crystallizes in hard colorless tables, melting
at 98° C. It is insoluble in water, alcohol, and petroleum ether, and easily soluble in chloroform
and acetone, flecommended because of the combined therapeutic values of the components. In
hectic fever the following is recommended: Guaiacol phosphate, 0.25 Gm. (4 gr.) ; powdered cin-
namon, 0.1 Gm. {\% gr.). One powder every three or four hours.

OUAIACOL PHOSPHITE. See Guaiacol-phosphal.

68 THE NERVES REMEDIES.

QUAIACOL SALICYLATE, or GUAIACOL-SALOL. CeH* (OH)COO - C^H4(OCH8).
A oompouad analogous to salol. Prepared by the action of phosphorus oxychlorid on a mixture
of guaiaool sodium and sodium salicylate. It forms a white, inodorous, tasteless, crystalline
powder, melting at 65° C. (149° F. ), almost insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol and ether. It is
administered to phthisical patients to aid digestion ; also as an intestinal antiseptic in doses of
IGm. (15 gr.).

Q UAIACOL SALOL. See Guaiacol Salicylate.

UAIA COL SUCCINA TE. This new ester of ^aiacol may be prepared either by treating
a mixture of guaiaool and succinic acid with a definite Quantity of phosphorus oxychlorid, or.
preferably, by treating an aaueous soda solution of guaiaool, cooling it while treating with succinyl
chlorid. It has the formula 0^11^04 (C«H40CHs)s. It crystallizes in fine needles with a silken
luster, meltinff at 136° C. It is insoluble in water, slightly soluble in ether and alcohol, and
readily so in cnloroform.

GUAIACOL VALERATE, OT VALERIANATE. SeeGeosot.

OLEO-CREOSOTE. The oleic ester of creosote, prepared by combining creosote with oleic
acid by means of phosphorus trichlorid. This is a yellow, oilv liquid (85 per cent, creosote),
insoluble in water and nearly so in alcohol, soluble in ether ana in oils. It is used as an anti-
phthisic in doses of 15-16 minims.

QUAIACYL.

A sulfo- addition-product of guaiacol. According to Andrg, a bluish-gray powder,
soluble in alcohol and water, insoluble in fatty oils. Its ti^te is at first astringent, then sweet.
It is neither toxic, nor caustic or irritant. The 5 per cent, aqueous solution is stable, and has a
pale yiolet-red color. In local anesthetic yalue it is similar to guaiacol. It is injected in quan-
tities of 0.5-1.6 Cc. of a 6 per cent, solution. Anesthesia takes place in fiye or six minutes.

QUAIACYL CALCIUM. This new preparation, which has giyen good results as a local
anesthetic in minor surgery and dentistry, is made in the following manner : 100 Gm. of pure
guaiacol are fused at a low heat in a flask 'and 100 Gm. of pure concentrated sulfuric acid grad-
ually added in such a manner that no sudden rise of temperature takes place. After standing
forty-eight hours at ordinary temperature, the contents of the flask have assumed a red color and
the consistence of a thick syrup. This is diluted with six or seyen times its weight of distilled
water, heated to 80° G. on a water-bath, saturated with calcium carbonate, which is gradually
added in small portions, then filtered and evaporated to dryness. The residue is dissolved in
four to five times its weight of absolute alcohol, the solution filtered, again evaporated to dryness,
and powdered. The product is the calcium salt of guaiacol-sulfonic acid, or guaiacyl. It is a
gray-blue powder, easily soluble in water and alcohol, and insoluble in oils.

GUAIAMAR. C«H4<Q^ CHOH. CH OH. 'S'y»w>»y»* • Guaiacol Glyceryl Ether.

This forms a white, crystalline powder, melting at 75° C, soluble in alcohol, ethex^ glycerin,
and 12 parts of water. Guaiamar is used as a substitute for guaiacol in the treatment of phthisis,
also as an intestinal antiseptic ; dose is from 5-20 gr., taken one hour before meals. The follow-
ing formula is desirable : Guaiamar, 6 drachms ; glycerin, 10 drachms ; alcohol, 6 drachms ;
water, 2 ounces. Dose, 3^-2 teaspoonfuls.

G U A I A P ERO L. See Piperidin Guaiacolate.

G U A I A Q U I N . C8H4O2CH3HSO3. G20H24N2O2. Synonym : Quinin Guaiacol-bisulfonate.

Prepared by a combination of quinin and guaiacol-sulfonic acid. It is a yellowish solid
of acid reaction and bitter taste, readily soluble in water, alcohol, and dilate acids. Offered aa
an odorl^s, non-caustic substitute for guaiacol.

GUARANIN. SeeCaffein.

GUAVACIN. C»H»NOa.

Colorless crystals, soluble in water. Used as anthelmintic.

G U I N O R A L. Synonym : Chinoral.

An oleaginous bitter-tasting liquid, containing quinin and chloral. Dose as hypnotic is
0.05-1 Gm. (0.7-15 gr.) ; it is also used as an antiseptic.

GYMNEMIC ACID. CasHssOiz.

The active principle prepared from the leaves of Gh/mnema tUvestre. It forms a greenish-
white powder, of an acid, astringent taste, sparingly soluble in water, easily in alcohol. It pro-
duces a temporary ageusia to sweet and bitter tastes. Before partaking of bitter medicines, the
mouth is rinsed out with a 12 per cent, hydro-alcoholic solution.

GYNOCARDIC ACID.

The active principle from the oil of the seeds of Gynocardia odorata. It forms a yellowish,
unctuous solid, melting at about 30° C. (86° F.) ; it has a burning and acrid taste, and marked
odor. Used internally and- externally in treatment of leprosy and syphilis, and of gouty and
rheumatic affections. Dose, ^-3 gr. ; externally, as liniment, with oil (1 : 10-20).

GYNO-CYAN-AURIDZARIN. (C»H2i07)2(KCNO)Au3.

A principle (crystalline) obtained from Gynocardia lancifoliata. It forms unstable crys-
tals, insoluble m the usual solvents, soluble, 1 : 5000, in olive oil, the solubility being increased
to 1 : 80 by the addition of cinnaraic alcohol. This solution, which contains 0.00001 Gm. f „^ gr.)
to the minim, is recommended in doses of 3-20 minims in various forms of tubercular affections.

HEGOVIA.

A remedy for bed-wetting ; stated by the manufacturer to consist of powdered snails,
salol, and lithium salicylate.

H ELCOSOL. See Bismuth Pyrogallate.

THE NEWER REMEDIES. 69

H E L E N I N . CvHgO. €k>inpare Alantol.

A stearopten obtained from the root of Inula helenium ^elecampane root) by exhaustion
with alcohol and precipitating the resulting extract by pouring into water, it forms white,
acicular crystals, which melt at 110° C. (2'60° F.), insoluble in water, readily soluble in hot
alcohol, also in ether and the oils. Helenin is employed in treatment of whooping-cough,
bronchitis, and tubercular coughs, in doses of 0.01 Gm. {% gr.).

HELIOTROPIN. See Piperonal.

HELLEBOREIN. CMH44O15.

Transparent granules, soluble in water, insoluble in alcohol. Proposed as substitute for
digitalis. Recommended by Gasparini as active anesthetic for the cornea of the eye, 3-4
drops of a solution containing j^j gr. to each drop. Dose, 0.01 Gm. {% gr.).

HEMALBUMIN. See Indifferent Ck>mpound8 of Iron in Addenda.

A predigested iron albuminate, 1 Gm. containing all the constituents which are found in
6 Gm. of fresh healthy blood, with exception of fibrin and such products as urea, kreatinin, etc.
Also 1 Gm. of hemalbumin, aside from the readiness with which it is absorbed, is equal to 25
Gm. of liquor ferri albuminati. For infants, 1 Gm. dissolved in hot water, with sufficient
sugar, is used. For adults the same quantity may be given in dry powder form several times
daily. • Used in chlorosis and various anemic conditions.

HEMANUTRID.

This represents, in a liquid form the sanguine tablets, and is intended for patients who rebel
against taking tablets. The composition of the preparation is as follows: Hemoglobin, 70 per
cent. ; glycerin, 20 per cent. ; and cognac, 10 per cent.

HEMATIN-ALBUMIN.

An albumin preparation containing iron obtained by drying blood fibrin. Forms a fine,
brownish-red, stable, inodorous, and tasteless powder. Used in anemia in doses of 1-2 teaspoon-
fuls three times daily.

HEMATOOEN (Pio Marfori).

A yellowish powder, containing 7 per cent, of iron, or a liquid obtained by adding ferric
citrate and acetic acid to an alkaline solution of albumin. This is employed in treatment of
rachitis and scrofulous conditions, also as a tonic for anemics. Dose of the liquid is 1-4 tea-
spoonfuls, according to age.

HEMATOGEN (HommeVs).

Fresh beef blood is freed from fibrin, poured through a cloth, and agitated in a
bottle with one-third of its volume of ether. The mixture is transferred to a separator and
allowed to stand several days. The lower, aqueous layer is then drawn off and evaporated, at a
temperature not exceeding 30° C, to three-fourths of its volume, under stirring. The product is
mixed in the proportion of 7 parts with 2 parts of glycerin and 1 part of Malaga wine. Used in
rachitis, anemia, and scrofulous conditions. Dose, 1-2 teaspoonfuLs in milk for children, and 1-2
tablesp<>onfuls for adults.

HEMATROPIN.

A fluid preparation of hemoglobin.

HEMICRANIN.

Contains phenacetin, 5 parts ; caffein, 1 part ; citric acid, 1 part. Used in migraine.

HEMOFERROGEN.

The name which has been applied to " Hematogenum siccum," or dried hematogen, a
Dutch preparation. It is a dry, odorless preparation, made from blood, which has been proposed
as a remedy in chlorosis and other anemic conditions.

HEMOGALLOL. See Indifferent Compounds of Iron in Addenda.

A ferruginous blood preparation, obtained by the action of pyrogallol on the hemoglobin
of blood (defibrinated blood), thus furnishing a compound which is easily assimilated, supply-
ing those constituents of the blood which are found lacking in chlorosis and anemia. It forms
a red-brown powder, insoluble and tasteless, being given in doses of 1-2 Gm. (15-30 gr.). (D. R.
P. Merck.)

HEMOGLOBIN.

The red coloring-matter of the solid principles of the blood. It forms a red powder soluble
in water and used in treatment of anemia and chlorosis in daily doses of 5-10 Gm. (75-150 gr.),
taken usually in wine.

H EMOL. (D. R. P. Merck.) See Indifferent Preparations of Iron in Addenda.

A dark brown powder, closely allied to heinogallol, prepared by reducing defibrinated
blood with zinc dust. An easily assimilable preparation of iron used in all anemic conditions in
doses of 0.1-0.5 Gm. (1.5-6 gr.).

HEMOL ARSENIC.

A brown powder which contains in each 100 parts 1 part of arsenic. Used as a means of
arsenic administration. Usually made into pill form ; 50 pills contain 5 Gm. of arsenhemol ;
beginning with 3, the dose is gradually increased to 10 pills daily.

70 THE NEWER REMEDIES,

HEMOL, BROMO.

Hemol which cootains 2.7 per cent of bromin. Used in those cases where the continued
effect of bromin is desirable. Dose, 1-2 Gm. several times daily.

HEMOL, CUPRO, or CUPRO-HEMOL. (COPPER HEMOL.)

A dark brown powder, containing 2 per c«nt. of copper in non-irritating form', and there-
fore an eligible succedaneum for the older copper compounds, in tuberculosis, scrofulosis, etc.
Dose is 0.1-0.15 Gm. (1^-2 gr.), three times daily in pill form.

HEMOL, PERRO.

Hemol with about 3 per cent, of iron in organic combination. It forms a brown, almost
tasteless powder, insoluble In water. Dose, 0.5 Gm. (8 gr.).

HEMOL, lODO.

Hemol containing 16.6 per cent, of iodin. Used in tertiary syphilis, scrofUla, psoriasis,
and all cases where iodin is indicated. Dose, 0.2 Gm. (3 gr.).

HEMOL MERCURIC lODID.

A hemol compound which contains 13 per cent, of mercury and 28 per cent, of iodin.
Used in chronic cases of syphilis, after following formula : Hemol hydrarg.-iod., 10 Gm. ; opium,
1. Gm. ; ointment of glycerin, q. s. ad pil. 100. Dose, 1 pill three times daily. According to
Robert and Rille, this preparation is best ^iven in combination with opium, to prevent diarrhea,
stomach disturbances, and the pain during swallowing, which are sometimes caused by the
compound.

HEMOL, ZINC.

A brown, almost insoluble powder, containing 1 per cent, of zinc. Recommended as
a mild antidiarrheic in doses of 0.5 Gm. (8 gr.), three times daily.

HEMONEIN.

A beef extract with addition of the salts contained in normal blood. Used as a nutritive
and tonic.

HEMOSTAT.

A remedy for nose-bleed, which is applied on the sides and the root of the nose. It con-
sists of tannin, sulfate of quinin, and benzoated fat.

HEMOSTEROL.

A compound obtained from fresh animal blood.

HEPARADEN.

A remedy for jaundice, introduced in France, consisting of 2 parts of fresh liver and 1 part
of milk sugar.

HEPAR SICCATUM.

The dried and powdered liver of the swine, deprived of ita blood. Each one part of this
preparation corresponds to 5 parts of the fresh organ. Used in atrophic cirrhosis of the liver.
Dose, 20 Gm. a day.

HEPATICINE.

A proprietary liver regulator.

HERMITINE.

Electrolyzed sea water. Used as antiseptic and disinfectant for wounds.

HEROIN. CiTHi7:(O.OC.CH8)a:NO. (D. R. P. Bayer.)

An acetic esterof morphin which appears as a white, crystalline, inodorous powder of faint
bitter taste ; it is practically insoluble in water, but readily dissolves in the presence of dilute
acids, precipitated upon the addition of alkalies ; melting-point is 173° C. (343.4° F.). Heroin is
proposed by Dreser as a substitute for codein in doses of 0.01 Gm. (f gr.) in all cases where

^ codein phosphate is usually prescribed, as a reliable remedy for coughs, pains in the chest, and
particularly for catarrhal inflammations of the respiratory tract. It is given three or four
times daily in powders of 0.005-0.01 Gm. (^-f gr.), or in aqueous solutions with addition of a few
drops of diluted acetic acid.

HETO-CRESOL.

Cinnamic acid meta-cresol ester has been recommended under the above name for use in
the treatment of tuberculosis. Heto-cresol forms crystals which are soluble in hot alcohol, in
ether, benzol, chloroform, and glacial acetic acid, but are insoluble in water. It is made by heatr-
ing meta-cresol with cinnamic acid and a condensing agent, such as jjhospho-oxychlorid, in some
neutral solvent, such as toluol. This ester, unlike that of carbolic acid, or ortho-and para-cresol,
is not poisonous, and does not cause irritation even when applied direct to open wounds.

HETOL.

The name recently applied to sodium cinnamate, which has been recommended for use in
the treatment of tuberculosis.

HEXA-METHYLENE TETRAMIN. See Urotropin.

HEXA-METHYLENE TETRAMIN SALICYLATE. See Saliformin.

HIPPURIC ACID. (CHaNH(C8H6CO)COOH). Synonym: Benzoyl-glycocoll.

A crystalline principle which occurs in the urine of herbivorous animals. Forms colorless
prisms soluble in water and alcohol. Used for like purposes as salicylic acid.

THE NEWER REMEDIES, 71

HOLGIN.

According to Aufrecht, it contains menthol, 1 part ; formaldehyd, 17.5 parts ; methjl alco-
hol, 81.5 parts. The discoverer claims a percentage of 60-70 of formaldehyd. Holgin forms a
colorless fluid, of burning taste, odor resembling menthol, miscible with water. B^ause of its
antibactericidal properties, it is used to preserve organic preparations.

HOLOCATn. (OC2H5.C»H4.NH.C.CH3:N.C«H4.0.CsH6)HC1. Synonym: Para-dieth-oxy-
ethenyl-diphenyl-amidin Hydrochlorid. (D. B. P. Hoechst.)

Obtained by uniting molecular quantities of pbenacetin and pararphenetidin with separa-
tion of water. Forms insoluble crystals, melting at 121^ C. The nydrochlorid is usually em-
ployed ; this forms bitter-tasting crystals, soluble to the extent of 2^ per cent, in cold water.
Used as substitute for cocain in ophthalmology. The introduction of S^-3 drops of a 1 per cent,
solution is generally sufftcient to produce local anesthesia in from fifteen seconds to ten minutes.

HOLZINOL.

According to Aufrecht, it contains formaldehyd, 2 parts ; menthol, 40 parts ; methyl alco-
hol, 58 parts. Recommended as a disinfectant in 3 per cent, solution.

HOMATROPIN HYDROBROMID. CwHnNO,.HBr. Synonym: Oxy-toluyl-tropin
Hydrobromid.

An artificial alkaloid (tropin mandelate), prepared synthetically by Ladenburff from
mandelic acid and tropin, the two derivatives of atropin. This forms colorless, very hygro*
scopic crystals, slightly soluble in water. Its action is like that of atropin, but less persis-
tent and weaker, causing, when applied to the eye, rapid dilatation of the pupil, which passes off
sooner than that of atropin. Also given internally in treatment of the night-sweats of phthisis.
The maximal internal dose is 0.001 Gm.(^ gr.); as application, in 1 per cent, solution. The salts
of the alkaloid are preferred.

HOMO-ARECOLIN. C7Hio(CJ2H6)NOj. Synonym: Methyl-tetra^hydro-nicotinic Acid.

The ethyl ether of arecaidin, a derivative of arecolin. It forms a yellowish liquid, soluble
in water, alcohol, and ether. Its hydrobromid occurs in colorless crystals, soluble in water and
alcohol, melting at 118° to 119° C. Recommended as a substitute for arecolin.

HOMO-TOLUIC ACID. See HydroKiinnamic Acid.

HUMINAL.

A peat extract.

H Y DR A C ET I N . CeHgNH-NHCHsCO. Synonyms : Pyrodin ; Acetyl-phenyl-hydrarin.

This compound may be looked upon as hydrazin, H^N-NH^, in which a hydrogen in each
of the NH2 groups is replaced by a monovaleiit radical, one being a phenyl (GsHs), the other
being an acetyl (CHaCO) nroup, or it may be considered as being the acetyl derivative of phenyl-
hydrazin. It is obtained oy heating toeether acetic anhydrid and phenyl hydrazin. Hydra^
cetin occurs in colorless, inodorous, and tasteless crystals, which melt at 128.5° G. (263.6° F.),
soluble in 50 parts of water and readily so in alcohol. Its properties are those of an antipyretic
and antirheumatic, in doses of 0.05-0.1 6m. (|-1^ gr.). Care should be taken in administering
this remedy, because of its toxic properties.

HYDRAMYL. Synonyms: Amylhydrid; Pentylene; Pentylhydrid.
A fractionated product of petroleum ether. Used as antiseptic

HYDRAMYL-ETHER.

A mixture of equal parts of hydramyl and anhydrous ether. Used as local anesthetic.

HYDRARQYROL. Synonym: Para^phenyl-thionate of Afercury.

A new mercurial antiseptic. Its advantages over most other mercury compounds are
stated to be perfect stability, great solubility in water, non-causticity, non-coagulation of
albumin, and comparatively low toxicity. It does not attack metals.

H YDRAROYRO-SEPTOL. (Q^N.O.SOsHg + 2NaCl).

A compound of chlnosol mercury with sodium chlorid. Used in treatment of syphilis.

HYDRARGYRUM AND COMPOUNDS. See under Mercury.

HYDRARGYRUM-KALIUM-HYPOSULPUROSUM.

Used in syphilis. Salt, 1.26 6m.; aqua dist., 10 6m. ; every fifth day inject 1 Co.

HYDRASTIN. CnHnNO..

An alkaloid obtained from the rhizome of Hydrtutis canadensis. It occars in white
crystals, which melt at 132° C. (269.6° F.),of intensely bitter taste, insoluble in water, readily
soluble in alcohol and ether. Hydrastin is employed in metrorrhagia, also as a tonic and
antiperiodic in doses of 0.015-O.03 6m. {%-% gr.). It is not used externally, because of its
insolubility.

HYDRASTIN HYDROCHLORID forms a pale yellow, crystalline powder, of very
bitter taste, readily soluble in water and alcohol. It is employed in gonorrhea, conjunctivitis,
leucorrhea, etc. ; externally in various dermal affections in a 1 per cent, ointment or lotion.

HYDRASTININ. CiiH„NOs.

This is obtained as the oxidation product of hydrastin by nitric acid. It forms acicular
crystals, melting at 116°-117° C (240.8°-242.6° F.), insoluble in water, readily soluble in alcohol
and ether.

HYDRASTININ HYDROCHLORID is usually employed in medicine because of its
ready solubility. It occurs in yellow crystals, which melt at 205° C. (401° F.). It is employed

72 THE NEWER REMEDIES,

as a uterine hemostatic, also in dysmenorrhea, metrorrhagia, etc., in doses of 0.026 6m.
(^ gr.). As a subcutaneous ii^ectioi ^ to 1 Cc. of a 10 per cuut. aqueous solution once daily.

HYDRASTOL.

A proprietary preparation of hydrastis.

HYDRAZINE. See Diam in Sulfate.

HYDROCHINON. See Hydroquinon.

HYDRO-CINNAMIC ACID. (C«H6.CH,.CHt.C00H). Synwyms: Phenyl-propionic
Acid ; Homotoloic Acid.

Obtained by reducing cinnamic acid with sodium amalgam. Forms white needles, almost
insoluble in cold, readily soluble in hot water and in alcohol, of balsamic odor and aromatic taste.
Used in phthisis in doses of 0.05-0.15 6m. in oleaginous solution.

HYDROFLUORIC ACID AND ITS SALTS.

Effectiye antiseptics, and particularly valuable for the destruction of bacteria that cause
decay, thus acting as preservatives. The potassium salt is more effectual than the sodium salt ;
the fluorids of barium, calcium, magncRiura, aluminum, and iron in particular have strong
antiseptic powers. Ammonium fluorid is a comparatively feeble antiseptic.

HYDROQOL.

An aqueous solution of " colloidal silver," prepared from silver nitrate with reducing agents,
and stated to be a solution of metallic silver. A similar solution prepared with an organic sol-
vent-^. ^., alcohol— is called organosoL Both are designed to replace actrol and itrol in many
cases.

HYDRO-NAPTHOL.

An antiseptic and disinfectant, said to be obtained from beta-napthol. Usually given in
keratin or salol-coated pills, containing 0.1-0.2 Gm. (1^-3 gr.). For external use, in a 1 per
cent, solution. Merck states hydro-napthol to be an impure l^ta-napthol;

HYDROQUINON. C6H4(OH)a (i:4). Synonyms: Hydrochinon; Para-dioxybenzol; Parar
dipheuol.

This body is an isomer of resorcin, being prepared by the oxidation of anilin with
chromic acid mixture. It forms colorless, hexagonal prisms, which melt at 169° €. (336.2° F.),
difficultly soluble in cold water, readily so in hot water, iu alcohol, and in ether. Hydroquinon
is used as an antifernient, antiseptic, and antipyretic; as an antipyretic its dose is 1 Gm. (15 gr.);
as an injection or wash, in 10 per cent, solution.

Hydroquinon is largely employed as a developer in photography.

HYDROXYLAMIN HYDROCHLORID. NHaOH.HCl. Synonym: Oxy-ammonium
Chlorid.

Hydroxylamin may be regarded as ammonia, NHs, in which a hydrogen atom is replaced
by the hydroxy! group OH. This base is obtained by interaction between sulfurous and nitrous
acids at low temperature. Hydroxylamin hydrochlorid forms colorless, hygroscopic, crystalline
plates, readily soluble in water, glycerin, and alcohol. It is characterized by its great reducing
power, precipitating such metals as gold, silver, and mercury from their solutions ; it likewise
reduces Fehling's solution. This compound is employed as an antiseptic instead of chrysarobin,
pyrogallol, and anthrarobin in treatment of skin diseases in a 0.5 per cent, solution.

HYGIAMA.

A condensed mixture of milk, cereals, and cacao, used as dietetic food in gastric and
intestinal affections.

HYGROL.

A name which has been applied to colloidal mercury. It occurs ka a dark, almost black
powder, which is soluble with a fair degree of readiness in cold water, and insoluble in alcohol
and ether. The commercial article leaves a small, insoluble residue. The aqueous solution, is
dark in color, neutral in reaction, and has no corrosive action. It is transparent by means of
transmitted light, and is fluorescent in refracted light, and is then, therefore, not transparent.
The metal is precipitated* from the aqueous solution oy addition of the acids, the bases, and by
the salts of the heavy metals and the alkali earths in an insoluble condition. The alkaline and
ammonium salts of such acids as form soluble mercury compounds precipitate the metal from its
aqueous solution in a fine white powder, which is still soluble in water, yielding a brownish
solution. The addition of a reducible metallic chlorid— chlorid of mercury, for instance— to a
solution of hygrol results in a reduction, with the formation of calomel. If this reaction is
carried out in a diluted solution, the result is the formation of a solution of calomel, which in
its ordinary form is, of course, insoluble. Hygrol may replace the extinguished mercury in
mercurial ointment.

HYOSCIN. (SCOPOLAMIN, Schmidt.) C,7HjiN04.

This amorphous alkaloid occurs, along with atropin and hyosc^amin, in the various solan-
aceous plants, particularly the seeds of Hyoscyamus niger, Hyoscin is identical with scopolamin
according to Schmidt; an alkaloid obtained from the roots of Scopolia atropoules, commercial
hyoscin being scopolamin. According to Hesse, Scopolamin, from ScopoHa atropoides, consists of
hyoscin and an active base atroscin. Among the various salts employed are the hydrobromid,
hydrochlorid, hydroiodid, and hydrosulfate.

HYOSCIN HYDROBROMID (Ci7H2iN04.HBr + 3H2O) occurs in colorless, permanent,
odorless, acrid crystals. It is employed as' a hypnotic and sedative in various mental diseases,
also as an antaphrodisiac, antisiaiagogne, and mydriatic. Its dose as a hypnotic in insanity is
0.002 Gm. (^ gr.); as sedative, 0.0004-0.0006 Gm. ('dln-TiiT gr.). Subeutaneously, as hypnotic,
0.0004-0.0006 Gm. dlo A^ gr.); as sedative, 0.0002-0.0003 Gm. (jhrrvhs S^-)- As a mydriatic a 1
per cent, solution is used. Antidotes the same as for atropin.

THE NEWER REMEDIES. 73

HYOSCYAMIN. CiiHaNO^

An alkaloid which occurs with hyoscin and atropin in the seeds and leaves of Hyotcyamtts
niger, also found in roots of Atropa belladonna, Scopotia atropoides &ud japonica, also iu the leaves
of Dtihiritia myoporides, etc. It forms white, silky, permanent crystals, melting at 108.6° C.
(227.3° F.), almost insoluble in water, readily soluble iu alcohol aud ether. The action of
hyoscyamin is like that of atropin, but it is chiefly employed as a hypnotic iu mental disorders,
as au anodyn and antispasmodic in asthma, epilepsy, colics, etc. Its usual dose is }^1 Mg.
(xio-^ gr.) ; as hypnotic for the insane, 0.0075-0.015 Gm. {%-% gr.).

Among the various soluble salts employed are the hydrobromidf hydrochloride and tu{fate.

HYPEREXESE.

A proprietary remedy, recommended for migraine. It is offered in three strengths, in
the form of liquids having an alcoholic odor and a more or less yellowish color. According to
Dr. Aufrecht, they are composed of 31-35 per cent, of alcohol, with caramel, and water.

HYPNACETIN. CH3CO-NH-C6H4-OCHj-CO-CeH6. Synonyms: Acetophenon-acetyl-para-
amido-phenol-ether ; Hypnoacetin.

Obtained by interaction between acetyl-parap-amido-phenol and acetophenon with separa-
tion of one molecule of water. Forms transparent crystals, melting at 160° C., insoluble in water,
soluble in alcohol and ether. Becommended as antiseptic and hypnotic. Dose, 0.2-0.25 Gm.

H Y P N A L. (MONO-CHLORAL-ANTIPYBINE. ) See under Antipyrine.

HYPNOACETIN. See Hypnacetin.

HYPNONE. CeHs-CO-CHs. Synonyms: Acetophenone ; Methyl-phenyl-ketone.

This is a mixed ketone, obtained by the dry distillation of a mixture of calcium acetate and
benzoate. Hypnone is a colorless, oily fluid, of peculiar odor and pungent taste. Its sp. gr. is
1.032, and when exposed to the temperature of 14° C. (57.2° F. ) it solidifies. Only slightly soluble
in water, but readily miscible with alcohol, ether, and the fatty oils. It is employed as a hyp-
notic in doses of 0.05-0.2 Gm.(^^ gr.), or 1-3 minims.

HYPOPHYSIS CEREBRI SICC. PULV.

The dried preparation of the pituitary glands of cattle; one part of this powder represents
6.5 i>arts of the fresh organ. Used in acromegalia in doses of 0.1-0.3 Gm. several times daily.

lATROL.

An oxy-iodo-methyl-anilid, obtained by the action of iodin on an anilin derivative. A
non-toxic powder. Intended as dry antiseptic in place of iodoform.

ICHTHALBIN.

A substance prepared by combining ichthvol with albumin. It is a fine, gravish-brown
powder, odorless, aud nearly tasteless, insoluble in acids, completely soluble in alkalies, soluble
m the intestinal fluid. Employed in infectious intestinal disorders in doses of 1-2 Gm. (15-30
, gr.) daily.

ICHTHYOL. CsgKwSsOe (NH4)2. <%n<mj^m ; Ammonium-ichthyol-sulfonate.

A bituminous mineral of Tyrol, which is rich in fossilized remains of aquatic animals, is
subjected to dry distillation, yielding a dark, oily distillate ; this is treated with an excess of
sulfuric acid, by which ichthyol-sulfonic acid is formed ; this product, on being purified and neu-
tralized with ammonia, yields ammonium ichthyol-sulfonate. Ichthyol forms a thick, brownish
liquid, of bituminous odor and taste, containing 10 per cent, of easily assimilable sulfur ; its sp.
gr. is 1.006 ; soluble in water, glycerin, a mixture of equal parts of alcohol aud ether, and the oils.
It is employed externally in various skin diseases, rheumatism, inflammatory diseases, and in
gynecologic practice ; internally it is given for various affections of the digestive and intestinal
tract, also in treatment of scrofula, syphilis, etc. As external application, from 5-50 per cent,
ointment or solution is used; in gonorrhea 1-3 per cent, solutions are employed; the internal
dose is 0.2-0.6 Gm. (3-10 Hfl), 3 times daily in pills or capsules. Ichthvol is also recommended
by Le Tanneur for lung and throat diseases. He emphasizes the advisability of administering it
in gluten or keratinated capsules, which do not dissolve until they reach the intestines. It
must be given in large doses, at least 8 capsules of 0.25 Gm. (4 gr.) each a day, best taken in two
portions immediately after meals. It can be continued for months, without causing disturbances.

Among the various other salts of ichthyol sulfonic acids are the ichthyoT-sulfonates of
sodium, magnesium, zinc, and mercury. These are black, tarry-like masses, the magnesium salt
making the best pill, while the zinc salt is best for injections. Ichthyol is incompatible with
strong alcoholic liquids and acids.

ODORLESS ICHTHYOL. The observation has been made that the odorous constituents
of ichthvol are readily changed by oxidation to non-odorous compounds. Helmers has been suc-
cessful m removing the odor by superficial oxidation with an aqueous 3 per cent. (10 vohinie)
solution of hydrogen dioxid. When 200 Gm. of ichthyol was mixed with 150 Gm. of distilled
water and 50 Gm. of hydrogen dioxid solution, no appreciable loss of odor could be noticed after
48 hours of cold treatment, but on a further addition of 50 gm. of the oxidizing agent and contact
during 48 hours, a nearlv inodorous product was obtained after evaporation of the liquid to the
original weight of the ichthyol. The most important question in connection with this subject is
the relative therapeutic value of the two preparations, and it appears not to have been settled. If
the deodorizing process does not impair the value of the preparation, it is undoubtedly an im-
provement, both for internal and external use.

IMIDIOD.

Obtained by interaction between para-ethoxy-phenyl-succinimid and iodin with potassium
iodid in presence of acetic acid. Forms glossy, rhombic crystals, which melt at 175° C. ; by
reflected light they are black, by transmitted light, red ; when in contact with wounds iodin is
given off.

Kecommended as a substitute for iodoform.

74 THE NEWER REMEDIES,

INDOPHENIN. See under Phenaoetin.

INFLUENZIN.

A remedy for influenza, composed of phenaoetin, caffein, quinin salicylate, and sodium
chlorid.

INQESTOL.

Composition : Magnesium sulfate, 16 parts-; sodium sulfate, 0.8 part ; potassium sulfate,
0.1 part; calcium sulfate, 0.1 part; magnesium chlorate, 0.5 part: sodium chlorate, 0.75 part;
sodium carbonate, 0.05 part; magnesium bromid, 0.001 part; calcium carbonate, 0.025 part;
silicic acid, 0.001 part; ferric oxid, 0.001 part;' ferric citrate, 0.001 part; spirit etheris, 0.5
part; glycerin, 1.3 parts; aqua aromat., q. s. ad 100 parts. Used in diseases of stomach and
intestines.

INGLUVIN.

The dry and powdered inner membrane of the chicken's craw. Used in vomiting of preg-
nancy. Dose, 0.5 Gm. ^ hour before meals, followed by two tableepoonfuls of 1 per cent, hydro-
chloric acid.

INSOLUBLE CHLORAL. See Meta^hloral.

INTESTIN.

A napthalin benzoate of bismuth. Used as intestinal antiseptic in doses of 0.5-1 Om.

lODALBACID.

A preparation obtained by the splitting up, bv means of alkali, of synthetically prepared
iod-albumin. lodalbacid contains 10 per cent, of iodin intramolecularly united. Its therapeutic
action is supposed to be analogous to that of thyroidin and other preparations of the thyroid
gland, but mere vigorous. Dose, 1 Gm. from three to six times daily, in the treatment of
syphilitic diseases. The bromalbacid contains 6 per cent, of bromin, and is given in nervous
excitability in doses of 1-2 Gm. Chloralbacid contains 3 per cent, of chloriu, and is given in
doses of 0.5-1 Gm. in certain stomachic disturbances.

lODAMYL-FORMOL.

A preparation consisting of formaldehyd, starch, thymol, and iodin.

lODAMYLUM.

Insoluble iodized starch. Employed as a surgical antiseptic.

1 DA N I SO L. CeH4(OCH8)I. Synonyms : lodo-anisol ; Ortho-iodo-anisol.

Yellow to red crystal mass, soluble in alcohol and ether, melting at 47*^ C. Proposed as an
antiseptic and rubifacient.

lODETHYLFORMIN. C.H12N4 (CjHfil)^.
Succedaneum for iodids ; for internal use.

IODIC ACID AND ITS COMPOUNDS.

SODIUM lODATE, NalOj.
ALKALI lODATES, I Owing to the ready liberation of

POTASSIUM lODATE, KIOj.
iodin when brought into contact with mucous surfaces, these salts are employed, in dilute solu-
tion, 2-^ per cent., in various affections of these tissues.

A TROPIN HYDRO-IODA TE (CiTHasNOs-HIOg) is employed in ophthalmic practice in
^ to ly^ per cent, solution, with good results.

CODEIN HYDRO-IODA TE (Ci8H^iN08.HI08) is employed for the same purpose and in the
same doses as other salts of codein, its action being somewhat more energetic. Dose for children,
1 Cc. for each year.

HYOSCIN HYDRO-IODATE (CijH2iNO^.HI08) may be advantageously substituted in
place of the chlorid, iodid, or bromid ; it may oe employed subcutaneously or internally ; in
either case its action is more intense, and its dose should be smaller than that of the other salts.

IODIC ACID (HlOa) is extensively employed for the reduction of chronic glandular
enlargements and goiter, }^ dram of a 2 per cent, solution being injected into the affected parts.

LITHIUM lOD ATE (LilOs) is employed in doses of i% gr. (0.1 Gm.), subcutaneously
injected, in cases of renal colic, or in cases of uric acid diathesis, or in chronic gout. In the
latter case it is best employed in pill form, in doses of l3>^-3 gr. (0.1-0.2 Gm.).

MERCURIC lODATE (Hg(I08)2), in form of a double salt with KI, is usefully employed
during all stages of syphilis, no salivation or other side effects becoming apparent. It is brat
given m subcutaneous injections in doses of "% gr. (0.01 Gm.).

QUININ HYDRO-IODATE (C20H34N2O2.HIO8) is recommended as an excellent nervous
sedative and antineuralgic. It may be given internally or hypodermically in doses of \-\% gr.
(0.06-0.1 Gm.).

SILVER, ZINC, AND STRONTIUM lODATES (kglOr1'^{10i)r^r{10i)i) are insoluble.
Employed externally in various affections of mucous surfaces. The silver salt is also given inter-
nally as an intestinal astringent in doses of ^'^-^^ gr. (0.005-0.01 Gm.), best administered in pill
form.

STRYCHNIN HYDRO-IODATE (C21HMN2O2.HIO8) may be used in all cases where
strychnin is indicated, in doses as high as ^ gr. (0.005 Gm.).

IODIN TRIBROMID. IBrj.

A mixture of powdered iodin and bromin, a dark brown fluid of penetrating odor. Recom-
mended in angina diphtheritica of children, 1 part diluted with 300 parts of water, used as
spray.

THE NEWER REMEDIES, 75

lODIN TRICHLORID. ICIa.

Prepared by passing dry chlorin gas over dry iodin which is warmed ; the iodin trichlorid
which forms sublimes in the cooler portions of the apparatus. Orange to yellow, hygroscopic
needles, which melt at 83° C. (91.4° F.), fuming on exposure to the air; when warmed it decom-
poses into iodin monoohlorid and chlorin. Soluble in alcohol and water; when dissolved in a
lar^ excess of the latter, decomposition ensues. Iodin trichlorid is a powerful antiseptic and
disinfectant (1 : 1000), its value depending upon the liberation of chlorin, which is rendered still
more active by the presence of iodin. When combined with aqua ammonia, iodid of nitrogen is
formed. With alkalies iodin is precipitated ; when combined with organic substances, iodin is
liberated.

lOD-IODOFORMIN. C6H„N4.CHl8. (D. R. P. Marqqart.)

A li^ht-brown insoluble powder, obtained by the action of iodin on hexa-methylene-tetra-
min, melting at 178° C. (352.4° F.). Recommended as an iodoform substitute.

lODIPIN and BROMIPIN.

There are addition-products of sesame oil with iodin and bromin, respectively^ and contain
10 per cent, of either substance. They are yellowish preparations, having a pure oily taste, and
resemble fatty oils in their properties. The iodin and bromin readily split off in the human
organism. These compounds are recommended in syphilis, scrofula, etc., in place of the usual
bromin and iodin pre^Mirations, in doses of a teaspoonful three times daily.

lODO-ACETANILID. Seelodo-antifebrin.

lODO-ALBUMIN.

A compound of iodin and albuminoids, obtained by the action of iodin -on peptone, albu-
minoids, or protogen. Used in myxedema and tetanus.

lODO-ANTIFEBRIN. GeHJNHCaHsO. Synonym: lodo-acetanilid.

Prepared by the action of iodin on acetanilid. It forms a crystalline powder, insoluble in
water ; melts at 181.5° C. As far as its action is concerned, it is almost inert Nothing is known
concerning its properties.

lODO-ANTIPYRINE. See under Antipyrine.

lODO-CAFFEIN. See under Caffein.

lODO-CARBOLIC ACID. See lodo-phenol.

lODO-CASEIN.

A new antiseptic and iodoform substitute. It is a yellowiph powder, inth a faint iodin
odor.

lODOCIN.

Antiseptic, analgesic, styptic, disinfectant, and deodorizer.

lODOCROL. (CK^HigOI)^. ^Ss^nonym ; Carvacrol Iodid.

Prepared by dissolving carvol (2 parts) and potassium iodid (38 parts) in a 10 per cent,
solution of soda (40 parts). It is soluble in ethereal and fixed oils, ether, benzol, chloroform,
and carbon disulfid. Recommended as an odorless substitute for iodoform.

IODOFORM OIL (Sterilized).

A sterilized solution of iodoform in almond oil(4.5-5 per cent, iodoform). An unchange-
able solution of iodoform, which separates its iodoform only at a very low temperature.

lODOFORMAL. (D. R. P. Marquart.)

A yellow powder prepared by the action of eth^l-iodid on iodoformin, having a strong odor
of ciimarin, possessing an advantage over iodoform in its extreme lightness and absence ofodor.
It is insoluble in water and ether, melts at 128° C. (262.4° F.), and yields iodoform when treated
with acids. It is distinguished from iodoform in that it yields iodin by the action of sulfuric
acid. lodoformal is intended to be employed in place of iodoform.

lODOFORM-CALOMEL.

A mixture of equal parts of iodoform and calomel, which is lauded as an excellent wound
antiseptic.

IODOFORMIN. (CHj)eN4.CHl3. /^nonym ; Hexa-methylene-tetramin-iodoform. (D. R. P.
Marquart.)

This compound, containing 75 per cent, of iodoform, may be prepared by rubbing together
in a mortar 26 Gm. of hexa-methylene-tetraniin and 74 Gm. of iodoform with a little absolute
alcohol until a dry powder results. This is a harmless, inodorous compound of iodoform, in-
tended to be used in all cases where iodoform is indicated. It melts at 178° G. (352.5° F. ) . Iodo-
formin, when applied to a moist surface, breaks up into its constituents ; that is, iodoform is
liberated.

lODOFORMIN-MERCURY.

A colorless to pale yellow insoluble powder, recommended as an antiseptic.
lODOFORMOGEN. (D. R. P. Knoll.)

A new odorless compound of albumin and iodoform. The iodoform is in loose combina
tion, so that suitable solvents can gradually extract it. It is a light yellow powder, insoluble in
water and sterilizable at 100° C. Further advantages over iodoform are the facts that it is a dry,
impalpable powder, which does not form lumps. It is three times lighter than iodoform, ana
therefore more economical to use. Its faint odor, when applied even to large surfaces, is never
noticeable.

76 THE NEWER REMEDIES.

lODOPORM-SALOL.

A mixture of iodoform and salol. Aotiseptio for old wounds and cavities in bone.

I O DOG A L L I C I N . C6HsCOO0Hs(OH)sO.BiOH.I. Synonym : Bismuth Oxy-iodo-methyl-gallol.

Antiseptic ; substitute for iodoform. Prepared by the action of bismuth oxyiodid on
ffallicin. It is a light, amorphous, dark-eray powder, insoluble in ordinary solvents contains
23.6 per cent, of iodin and 38.4 per cent, of bismuth. Decomposed by water (slowly), acids, and
alkalies.

lODOQENE.

A mixture of charcoal and potassium iodate or other oxygen compound of iodin, molded
into cones or pastilles. By combustion iodin is liberated, which is intended to fumigate and
disinfect sick-rooms, etc.

lODO-HEMOL. SeoHemol.

lODOL. C4I4NH. Synonym: Tetra-iodo-pyrrol. (D. R. P. Kalle.)

To a solution of pyrrol (1 part.) in alcohol (10 parts), a solution of iodin (12 parts) in alco-
hol (240 parts) is added, and allowed to stand twenty-four hours ; on mixing this product with
four times its volume of water, iodol separates in yellow flakes. lodol, which contains 89 per
cent, of iodin, forms a pale yellow, inodorous, tasteless ()owder, insoluble in water, soluble in 3

Sarts of alcohol, 15 parts of ether, 50 parts of chloroform, and 16 parts of oil. loaol was intro-
uced as a substitute for iodoform, possessing the advantage of being inodorous and non-toxic.

lODOL-CAFFEIN (C8HipN40a + C4I4NH) is a crystalline compound, made by the inter-
action between molecular weights of iodol and cafTein in concentrated alcoholic solution. It
forms an inodorous, tasteless, crystalline powder, insoluble in the usual solvents. Used as an
antiseptic, like iodol, of which it contains 74.6 per cent.

lODOL-MENTHOL. A mixture of 1 part of menthol with 99 of iodol, which has the
advantage of being almost free from the disagreeable odor of iodol alone.

lODO-NAPTHOL. See Napthol-aristol.

lODOPHEN. SeeNosophen.

lODO-PHENIN. (lODO-PHENACETIN.) CaoHalgNjO*.

An iodin substitution product of phenacetin, obtained by the action of iodin in potassium
iodid on a solution of phenacetin in hydrochloric acid. lodophenin forms a brownish powder
or crystals, containing twenty-five per cent, of iodin, having an iodin-like odor, soluble in
alcohol and glacial acetic acid, decomposed by water. It melts at 130-131*^0., with decomposition.
It is used externally as antiseptic, like iodin internally in muscular rheumatism in doses of 0.5
Gm. 'See also under Phenacetin.

lODO-PHENO-CHLORAL.

This is a mixture of equal parts of tincture of iodin, carbolic acid, and chloral hydrate,
forming a brown-colored fluid, which is recommended as a parasiticide in certain skin diseases.

lODO-PHENOL.

A mixture of 20 parts of powdered iodin, 76 parts of fused carbolic acid, and 4 parts of gly-
cerin is shaken in a flask until all of the iodin is dissolved. This preparation is to be kept in
glass-stoppered vials in a dark place.

lODOPYRINE or lODO-ANTIPYRINE. (CnHnIN.20).

Forms colorless needles, which melt at 160° C. (320° F.), being only sHghtlv soluble in
water. lodopyrine has the action of an iodid in addition to that of antipyrine ; used in tertiary
syphilis and bronchial asthma in doses of 0.5-1.5 Gm. (8-23 gr.).

lODO-SALICYLIC ACID.

A white powder, difficultly soluble in water, readily so in alcohol, ether, fixed oils, and
collodion. Used in acute articular rheumatism in daily doses, beginning with 1 Gm., increasing
to 3 Gm.

lODOSINUM. (lODOSINE.)

A compound of iodin and albumin. Contains 15 per cent, of iodin. Proposed as a sub-
stitute for iodo-thyrin.

lODOSO-BENZOIC ACID. (C«H4 . 01 . COOHa).
A compound analogous to iodoform in action.

lODO-TERPIN. CioHiel.

A direct combination of iodin and terpin. It is a dark brown liquid, emitting a smell
similar to that of turpentine, and freely soluble in ether, benzol, petroleum benzin. and chloro-
form ; absolute alcohol is capable of taking up 10 per cent. Its specific gravity is placed at 1.19,
and its boiling-point varies from 16d°-175° 0. It is said the preparation is a complete substitute
for tincture of iodin and iodoform, and surpasses the former by its considerably higher percent-
age of iodin, which amounts to about 50 per cent. An iodoterpin dusting-powder of 1-20 per
cent, may be prepared with sterilized kaolin.

lODO-THEINE.

A combination of hydriodic acid and theine (cafTein) forming a crystalline or amorphous
white powder, wliich is decomposed into its constituents by water. Used to increase the systolic
action and arterial pressure of the heart. Dose, 0.13-0.5 Gm. (2-8 gr.).

lODO-THEOBROMIN. -Synonym; Theobromin sodium iodid.

A preparation containing 40 parts of theobromin, 21.6 parts of sodium iodid, and 38.4 parts
of sodium salicylate. Used in aortic insufficiency in doses of 0.25-0.5 Gm. (4-8 gr.).

THE NEWER REMEDIES, 77

lODOTHYMO FO R M . Synonym : lodo-thymol-formaldebyd.

A new compound that is expected to find application as an antiseptic. The following is
the patented method of preparation: 100 Gm. of thymol are warmed, under stirring, with 100
Cc. of 40 per cent, formaldehyd, and after a time 100 Gm. of concentrated hydrochloric acid are
added, which causes the separation of a viscid oil, that solidities to a crystalline mass on cooling.
This is powdered and thoroughly washed, to remove impurities. The result is thymol-formal-
dehyd, which is iodized in the following manner: 42 Gm. are dissolved in 50 Cc. of alcohol, 12
Gm. of potassium iodid, and 33 Gm. of iodin are added, and the mixture gently warmed for an
hour. After cooling, an excess of ammonia is added, which precipitates the new compound. The
precipitate is thoroughly washed and then dried ; a yellow powder, rich in iodin, is obtained,
which is nearly odorless. It dissolves readily in alcohol, ether, chloroform, benzol, and olive
oil, but is insoluble in water and glycerin. Dressings impregnated with iodothymoform can be
easily sterilized, as the melting-point of the compound is above 160° G.

lO DOT H YR I N Formerly known as ITiyr^'-Chiodin or Thyro-iodin or Thyrein. (D. R. P. Bayer.)

An amorphous brown powder, insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol, containing 9.3 per
cent, of iodin and 0.5 per cent, of phosphorus, obtained from tbe thyroid glands of the sheep.
Each gram of iodothyrin is equivalent, in activity, to 1 Gm. of the fresh ^land. The commer-
cial preparation is a milk sugar trituration, each 1 Gm. of which contains 0.3 Mg. of iodin.
Used^in treatment of goiter, corpulency, rachitis, menorrhagia, etc., in doses of 1-2 Gm. daily.
See Organo-therapeutics, Addenda.

lODOTHYROIODINE.

A preparation similar to thyroidin (iodothyrin).

lODOVASOL.

A combination of vasol and iodin, containing 7 per cent, of iodin.

lODOZON.

A compound which is claimed to possess the action of both ozone and iodin without being
caustic. Proposed as antiseptic for mouth-wash, also as inhalation for consumptives.

IQUININ.

A proprietary remedy for malaria. Dose, 2-10 gr. every two or three hours.

IRIDIN (Merck).

A resinous extract from the rhizome of IiHs versicolor, which forms a brownish powder
which stimulates the flow of gall ; also used to relieve continued vomiting. Dose, 0.2 Gm. in
pill form.

IRISOL.

A proprietary disinfectant, consisting of 50 per cent, of iodoform and 45 per cent, of boric
acid.

IRON ALBUMINATE. Synonym: Ferruin Albuminatum.

This is a compound of ferric chlorid and albumin, forming a brown powder which is used
in chlorosis in doses of 0.22-0.65 Gm. (3-10 gr.). See Indifferent Preparations of Iron in Addenda.

IRON-ALBUMIN PREPARATIONS. See Indifferent Preparations of Iron in
Addenda.

An aqueous solution of 100 Gm. of egg albumen, warmed to 45° C, is mixed with a warm
concentrated solution of about 15 Gm. of the iron compound of a nitroso-napthol-sulfonate of
sodium, the mixture heated to 60° or 70° Cc, and 25 Cc. of 50 per cent, acetic acid added, which
causes the formation of a flocculent precipitate. After filtration and washing the precipitate is
mixed with 1.5 liter of boiling water, separated after cooling, and dried at alow heat. The ejrg
albumen may be replaced by animal or vegetable casein or albumoses, and the nitroso-napthol-
sulfonate by the iron compounds of nitroso-salicylic acid and di-nitroso-dioxy-benzene. The
S reparations are amorphous green powders, only slightly soluble iu water, entirely insoluble in
ilute hydrochloric acid, and very soluble in alkaline water.

IRON AND SODIUM DISACCHARATE. SeeFerrosoL

IRON CASEINATE. See Ferrum Caseinatum.

IRON GLYCERO-PHOSPHATE. See under Glycero-phosphoric Acid.

IRON NUCLEO-ALBUMINATE. See Ferrum Caseinatum.

IRON PEPTONATE. Synonym: Ferrum Peptonatum.

This forms red-brown scales, which are soluble in water. This is a compound of ferric
chlorid and peptone (digested albumin). See Dispensatories.

IRON SOMATOSE. See under Somatose.

IRON VITELLINATE.

A preparation of egg-yolk containing iron.

ISO-AMYLENE. See Pental.

ISO-BUTYL NITRITE.

Used in place of amy] nitrite for inhalation.

ISO-BUTYL-PHENYL-IODID.

Recommended in place of iso-butyl-cresol-iodid as antiseptic.

78 THE NEWER REMEDIES.

ISO -COCA IN. ^^nonym ; lao-ethjl-ecgonineBenioate. (D. R. P. Boehrioger.)

A synthetic alkaloid differing from cocain in containing an ethyl group (CsEIs) instead of
the methyl (CH.) of the latter. Iso-cocain occurs In transparent crystus which melt at 44<^C.
It produces local anesthesia more rapidly than cocain, but Is not adapted in ophthalmology be-
cause of its irritating character.

ISO-CREATININ.

Isolated from decomposing flesh : a body isomeric with and similar to ordinary creatinin.
It orystAllises from alcohol as a hne yellow crystalline powder, of the composition C4U7N8O. It
forms an easily soluble picrate, while picrate of creatinin is practically insoluble. It forms
double compounds with several metals, such as cadmium, C^HjNaO.CdCls, which occur in well-
defined crystals.

ISO-ETHYL-BENZOYL-ECGONINE. See Iso-oocain.

ISO-ETHYL-ECGONINE BENZOATE. See Iso-cocain.

ISUTAN.

A new trade name for Bismutan. '

ITCHOL.

An ointment of lanolin and Taselin, of each 420 Gm., iodoform 45 Gm., glycerin 32 Gm.
phenol 24 Gm., oils of eucalyptus and lavender, each, 12 Gm.

ITROL.

A citrate of silver. Forms a fine, light, inodorous, and tasteless powder, soluble 1 : 3800
of water. Used as an active antiseptic for wounds, chronic gonorrhea, also for disinfectins
instruments. As disinfecting solution for instruments, hands, or wounds a solution of
1-4 : 5000 is employed. As a gargle or bath, a solution of 1-5 : 10,000 is sufficient. As oint-
ment in, treatment of wounds and skin diseases the strength is 1 : 50 or 1 : 100 of lanolin. Itrol
injections for treatment of gonorrhea should be used lukewarm four or five times daily, and
should be begun as soon as possible. The solutions must at first be very weak (0.01 per cent.),
but after allaying the inflammation are gradually increased in strength until 1 : 3800 is reached.

ITROSYL.

A trade name for concentrated nitrous ether.

IZAL. See under Gresol.

JECORIN (Berkenheier).

Each tablespoonful of the preparation contains calcium chlorhydrophosphate 0.1 Gm.,
lactic acid 0.05 Gm., phosphoric acid 0.6 Gm., bromin 0.01 Gm., iodin 0.01 Gm., ferrous iodid
0.075, eztr. artem. co. 1 Gm. Substitute for cod-liver oiL

JECOROL.

A preparation claimed to consist of the active constituents of cod-Uver oil, and recom-
mended as a substitute for the latter.

JEQUIRITIN. SeeAbrin.

JESSANODINE.

A proprietary antiseptic and analgesic.

KAIRIN. See under Chinolin.
K A I RO LIN. See under Chinolin.

KAPUTINE.

This is said to be merely a colored aoetanilid.

KATHAROL.

Hydrogen peroxid. Another preparation sold under this name contai iis 30 per cent, alcohol.

KEFIR. (MATZOON ; KOUMTSS. )

These are prepared by the action of various ferments on milk. The preparations possess
an undoubted value in all debilitating diseases, and in cases of obstinate vomiting are often
well borne. They are very readily assimilated, and rapidly increase the body-weight after
disease. Owing to their nutritive value, agreeable taste, ready assimilation, and property of
assisting digestion in general, they have been su^ested as a vehicle for the administration of
various drugs. The assimilation of these drugs is no doubt aided by administering them in
such combination.

KREOSOTAL KEFIR (Kreosot-carbonate-kefir) is found on the market, containing in—

No. 1 — 1 Gm. of kreosotal to the bottle. ,

2— 3

3— 5
4-10

OUAIACOL CARBONATE-KEFIR also occurs in four combinations— viz.;

No. 1—0.5 Gm. of guaiaool carbonate to the container.
2 1 (< « •> <( '• <( <<

Q 1 B « (t l( (I <( (t <i

A 2 " " " " " *' "

The above-mentioned preparations of kefir are very useful in the various pulmonary com-

?1aints, scrofulous disorders, cnronic gastritis, and in hepatic and renal diseases in general,
'hey are best administered at the rate of one bottle per diem, beginning with the lowest number.

<i

it

<c

<(

<<

ti

It

tl

l(

t<

11

<(

((

•<

4(

<<

H

(t

J

THE NEWER REMEDIES. 79

ARSENICAL KEFIR. This compound consists of a combination of kefir with Fowler's
solution, and contains in —

No. 1 — 3 minims of Fowler's sol. to each container.

2— A " " <• ** " '* *t

3 IJ <( (< << << i( <( ((

A a It <( (4 (( (I (( «

In neurasthenic conditions, chorea, hysteria, yarious skin diseases, and in all conditions
where the arsenical treatment is indicated, this compouud is very valuable, far surpassing all
other preparations of arsenic.

lODO'KEFIR consists of sodium iodid combined with kefir, as follows :

No. 1 — 0.5 Gm. of sodium iodid, per container.
2 1 Q «• •« <* «« «• n

8—1.5 " " " " " "

4 2.0 " " " ** " "

The permanence of this combination is doubtfiiL It is recommended in all cases where
preparations of iodin are indicated.

KEPHALINE.

A proprietary headache remedy.

KIL.

The name given by the Tartars to mineral found on th« hanks of the Black Sea. It consists
of silica, alumina, ferric oxid, calcium carbonate, and magnesium carbonate. Mixed with water
it forms a white, sticky mass, and is used by the natives in place of soap. The " Semaine Medi-
cale " proposes to sterilize tne mineral by heating, and use it as an ointment-yehicle for skin
diseases, for which it is said to be well adapted.

KLEMMOLIN.

A preparation of pine tops, poplar buds, etc., used in rheumatism.

KLINOL.

A proprietary antipyretic and analgesic.

K O C H I N . Synonym for Koch* s Tuberculin. See Tuberculin.

KOSIN. CgiHagOio. SynonyiM: Koussein ; Kussin ; Kosein.

A bitt«r principle, isolated from the flowers of Hagenia abysHnica. Wild. This forms
inodorous, tasteless, yellow-colored, crystalline needles, which melt at 142*=* G. (287.6^ F.), insolu-
ble in water, readily soluble in alcohol, ether, and the alkalies. Kosin is employed as an anthel-
mintic and teniafuge in doses of 1-2 Gm. (15-30 gr.).

KOSOTOXIN.

This body is an active principle of Koso flowers. It is a yellowish, amorphous powder,
according to Leichsewring, melting at SO'', to which the provisional formula GmMmOio has been
assigned. It is soluble in alcohol, ether, and chloroform, and has a considerable physiologic
action. It is a strong muscle poison, but has very little action on the central nervous system.

KOUMYSS. See Kefir.
KOUSSEIN. See Kosin.
KREATIN. SeeCreatin.
K R EO LIN. See Creolin under Gresol.

KREOSAL.

A mixtureK>f tannin and creosote forming a brown, hygroscopic, soluble powder. Used in
solution in treating inflamed mucous surfaces of the air passages and throat.

KREOSOLID. Synonym: Magnesia Creosotata.

Prepared by triturating together equal parts of creosote and magnesia. Dose, 0.5 Gm.(8 gr. )
4 times daily. Non-irritating. Faint odor and taste.

K R ES A M I N . Synonym : Ethylene-diamin Tricresol.

A mixture of ethylene dlamin, 10 parts; tricresol, 10 parts; and water, 500 jparts. This
forms a clear, colorless, alkaline solution, which is used as a general antiseptic ; also in treat-
ment of diseases of the skin.

KRESAPOL. See under Cresol.
KRESAPROL. SeeCresin.

KRESIN.

A mixture of a solution of cresylic acid (25 per cent. ) and a solution of sodium-ox^-«c^
tate. It forms a brownish fluid, miscible with water and alcohol. A 1 per cent, solution is
recommended as a general disinfectant.

KRESOCHIN. See Cresochin.

KRONETHYL.

An ethereal extract of Chinese cantharides. Used in gout and neuralgia, 6-10 drops being
applied on wet compresses.

KRYOFIN. CHa.OCHjCO.NH.C«H4.0C2H6.H80. Synonym: Methyl-glycoUic phenetldin.

A phenetldin derivative in which methyl glycolllc acid replaces acetic acid, thus closely
allied to phenacetin. Formed by heating para-phenetidin and raethyl-gly collie acid together.
It occurs in white, odorless crystals, melting at 98°-99^ G. Soluble in 52 parts of boiling water
and in 600 parts of cold water. Employed as antipyretic and antineural^c in doses of 0.6 Gm.
(8 gr.) three times daily in powder or wafers. (D. R. P. Basel.)

80 THE NEWER REMEDIES,

KRYSTALL08E.

Name given bj Fahlberg. List db Co. to their new sodiam-saccharin preparation, or water-
soluble crystalline saocharin. it is said to be absolutelj free from all contaminations and to be
more than 500 times sweeter than sugar.

KUSSIN. SeeKosin.

LABORDINE.

A secret remedy, formine a grayish powder, slightly soluble in water, soluble in alcohol.
It is stated to contain acetaniliu, caffein, saccharin, and possibly a little apioL

LACTOCIN.

The active principle of the concrete Juice of the Lactuca virosa. It forms white scales,
soluble in 60 per cent, of water. Used as a sedative and hypnotic in doses of 1-6 gr.

LACTOL or LACTO-NAPTHOL. C,oH70.0C.CH(OH)CH8.

A lactic ester of beta-nanthol, similar to benzo-napthol. In the organism it is split up
into lactic acid and betaruapthol, hence is used as an intestinal antiseptic. It forms a colorless and
tasteless powder. IKwe, about 0.25-0.5 Gm. (3.5-8 gr.).

LACTOPEPTIN.

According to the "Phar. Post," contains milk sugar, 120 parts; peptone, 24 parts; pan-
creatin, 18 parts; diastase, 1.5 parts; hydrochloric acid, 2 parts; lactic acid, 2 parts. Used as
digestive ferment. Adult dose, 0.65-1 Gm. ; for children, 0.3-0.5 Gm.

LACTOPHENIN. See under Phenacetin.
LACTO-SOMATOSE. See under Somatoee.
LACTYL-PHENETIDIN. See under Phenacetin.

LACTYL-TROPEIN. (C8Hi4NO.CO.CH(OH)CH8).

A compound obtained by the action of lactic acid on tropein. Occurs as white, crystalline
needles, readily soluble in water, alcohol, ether, etc., melting at 75° C. (167° F.). It appears to
have a tonic action on the heart and respiration.

Li«EVULOSE. SeeDiabetin.

LAIFAN.

A Chinese remedy for neuralgia. It is a crude borneol containing water, probably identi-
cal with Ngai camphor described by FlQckiger. and obtained from Blvtn-ea haUamifera. It comes
into commerce in the shape of a thick paste, snowing numerous crystals, put up in earthen pots
containing about 6 ounces.

LAMIN.

An alkaloid obtained from the flowers of Lamium album. Employed in the form of a sul-
fate or hydrochlorid in subcutaneous injections as a powerful hemostatic.

LANICHOL.

A specially prepared and purified fat of the wool of sheep. Does not differ essentially from
adeps lanse.

LANIOL.

A fat similar to lanolin.

LANOFORM.

The methods of applying formaldehyd in form of ointment, dusting-powder, soaps, etc.,
as heretofore used, have not been found entirely satisfactory, according to Weiss, who proposes a
new combination, entitled Lanoform, from which the usual disadvantages, such as unpleasant
odor, variation in strength, etc., are absent. The lanoform preparations contain 1 per cent, of
active formaldehyd, so combined that it becomes effective at the temperature of the body, thus
exerting its disinfecting ^wer gradually. The preparations placed on the market are lauoform-
cream and lanoform dusting-powder.

LANOLIN. See Adeps Lante. (D. R. P. JaflfS.)

LANOLIN MILK.

Lanolin, 10 parts ; sapo. med., 2.5 parts ; borax, 1 part ; aqua rosse, 100 parts.

LANOLIN POWDER.

Obtained by dissolving lanolin in ether, alcohol, or acetone, and adding magnesium carbo-
nate, zinc oxid, or talcum ; the mixture is allowed to stand until entirely dry, tnen triturated,
adding starch in sufficient quantity.

LANOLIN, SULFURATED. SeeThilanin.

LANTANIN.

An alkaloid occurring in the herb Lantana hraailiengis. Forms a white, bitter, crystalline
powder, which is employed as an antiperiodic and antipyretic. Like quinin, it produces a mod-
erate effect on the circulation, determining a retardation of the chemic phenomena of nutrition
and a diminution of temperature. It is superior to salts of quinin, as it is tolerated by the most
delicate patients; in larger doses it is a powerftil antiperiodic. Intermittent fevers, though
resisting sulfate of quinin. have yielded to the administration of 2 Gm. of lantanin. The dose is
from 1-2 Gm. during the day, given in pills of 10 Cg. each, two being given every two hours.

THE NEWER REMEDIES, 81

LARGIN.

A new silver-albumin compound, which in the air-dried condition contains 11.1 per cent,
of silver. It forms a gray powder, which is soluble in 9 parts of water. The albumin component
is a new decomposition product of a para-nucleo-proteid, whose most prominent characteristic
is solubility in dilute alcohol. Largm is a powerful bactericide and astringent, like silver
nitrate, but non-irritatins, and is not precipitated by sodium chlorid or albumen. It is chiefly
used in gonorrhea in 3^-l3^ per cent, solutiou, according to stage.

LAURENOL.

An antiseptic and deodorizer used in France. A 3 percent, solution rapidly modifies puru-
lent secretions and greatly hastens cicatrization. Nothing is known of its chemic and physical
properties.

LAXIQUININ.

A combination of quinin with laxatives.

LAXOL.

Castor oil flavored with oil of peppermint and sweetened with saccharin.

LECITHIN. ( DISTEARIN-GLYCERO-PHOSPHORIC-CHOLIN-ESTER. )

The most important phosphated constituent of the nervous system, prepared usually from
the yolk of eggs. Forms a white to yellowish waxy mass, soluble in alcohol and ether ; with water
it swells to a gelatinous mass.

LEECH EXTRACT.

An aqueous extract prepared from the heads of leeches ; used to prevent coagulation of
blood, also toat of immunization.

LENIGALLOL. (D. R. P. Knoll.)

Tbe triacetate of pyrogallic acid, and said to have many advantages over eugallol, being
much milder in its action. It is non-toxic and does not produce any inflammatory symptoms
when applied to the skin or to the mucous membrane, and does not stain tbe linen. The sub-
stance occurs as a white powder, wholly insoluble in water, but soluble in alkaline solutions on
warming. Though somewhat decomposed upon the normal skin, a salve containing 50 per cent,
of lenigallol exerts no irritating effects. Where copious perspiration takes place, the lenigallol
is partially decomposed, as it is upon mixing with zinc ointment, and a dark coloration is pro-
duced. In ointments containingO.5-5 per cent, of lenigallol it has a very powerful curative action
in both acute and subacute eczema.

LENIROBIN.

The tetra-acetate of chrysarobin ; has been recommended by Kromayeras a substitute for
chrysarobin on the ground that it causes less local irritation.

LENTANIN-

A white powder, soluble in alcohol, insoluble in water. Used as antipyretic in doses of
0.3-1 Gm.

LEPINE.

An antiseptic mixture of the following composition :

Mercuric chlorid, 0.001 Gm.

Carbolic acid 0.100 "

Salicylic acid 0.100 "

Benzoic acid, 0.050 "

Calcium chlorid, 0.050 "

Bromin 0.010 "

Quinin hydrobromid, 0.200 *'

Chloroform, 0.200 "

Distilled water, 100.00

LETHIN.

An alcoholic solution of camphor, chloroform, ethereal oils, and acetic acid.

LEUKO ALIZARIN. See Anthrarobin.

LIANTHRAL. (EXT. OLEILI ANTHRACIS. )

A preparation stated to be an extract of coal-tar, which is mixed with 10-20 per cent of
casein ointment.

LIEN SICC. PULV.

The dried and powdered spleen of the sheep, 1 part of which represents 5 parts of the fresh
organ. Used in anemia, chlorosis, myxedema, rachitis, in doses of 0.25-0.75 Gm. 3 times daily.
Tablets are also prepared, containing 0.1 Gm. each.

LIEN ADEN. SeeLinadin.

LIGNOROSIN.

A new reducing agent which is obtained from the refuse of paper factories by the action of
calcium sulfite on lignin and consists chiefly of calcium lignate. It is found in the market as a
viscous, dark-brown semi-liquid having an odor suggesting that of caramel. It is proposed as a
reducing agent for potassium bichromate, and is claimed to be a perfect substitute for lactic acid
in dyeing establishments.

LIGNOSULFIT.

A liquid-side product obtained in the manufacture of cellulose by Kellner*8 method. It is
used in treatment of pulmonary disorders by inhaling the vapors ; its active ingredient is sul-
furous acid, the irritating properties of which are modified by the presence of aromatics.
6

82 THE NEWER REMEDIES.

LIMANOL.

A preparation from Limaa mud, recommended for rheumatic aifoctions.

L I N A D I N (Roche). See Organo-therapeutics in Addenda.

. An insoluble, dark-eolorcd powder, prepared from the spleen of various animals, 1 part
representing 2 parts of the fresh gland ; it has a taxte resembling that of cod-liver oil. Con-
tains 1 per cent, of iron and 0.023 per cent, of iodin. Dose, 1-^ tablets or 10-25 Gm. Used
in malarial cachexia and hypertrophic spleen.

LINONINE.

A substitute for cod-liver oiL

LINTIN.

A soft, woolly texture which Is made from cotton deprived of fat. Used as absorbent
material for wounds, etc.

LIPANIN.

Olive oil which contains 5-6 per cent, of free fatty acid, and is intended as a substitute for
cod-liver oil, in doses of 2-6 teaspoon fu Is. Lipauin does not cause stomachic disturbances.

LIPASE.

A ferment obtained from blood-serum.

LIQUEUR ANTIGOUTTEUX DE LAVILLE. (GOUT LIQUEUR.)

Consists of 800 parte sherry wine, 100 parts alcohol, 25 parts extract of colchicum, 5 parts
each of quinin and cinchonin, and 4.5 parts of lime salts.

LIQUOR ADH>CSIVUS. (FILMOGEN.)

A solution of nitrated cotton in acetone containing a small quantity of a fatty oil. This
solution can be medicated with various antiseptics. Used like collodion.

LIQUOR ANTHRACIS.

A solution of 100 parts of coal-tar in 200 parte of benzol, to which has been added 200 parte
of 90 per cent, alcohol. The mixture is agitated at 35° C. until a uniform fluid results.

LIQUOR ANTHRACIS SIMPLICIS and COMPOSITUS.

An antiseptic preparation of coal-tar, of the consistence of a thin fluid, which, when spread
in thin layers, evapoi-ates rapidly. A solution of sulfur, resorcin, and salicylic acid in Liquor
Anthracis Simplicis constitutes the " Compound Solution." Nothing is known as to the solvent
and method of preparation.

LIQUOR ANTISEPTICUS (Volkmann).

An antiseptic solution supposed to contain thymol (1), alcohol (10), glycerin (200), and
water (100).

LIQUOR AROMATICUS HAGERI.

Oils of lavender, clove, cinnamon, thyme, lemon, mace, of each, 1 Gm. ; oil of bergamot,
3 Gm. ; alcohol, 260 Gm. Used as a wash for feeble eyes, 2 or 3 Cc. in 1 liter of distilled water.
Undiluted, used externally in rheumatism.

LIQUOR CARBONIS DETERGENS.

A preparation consisting of coal-tar 1 part, and tincture of quillaya 8 parte. Used as dis-
infectant and deodorant.

LIQUOR CARNIS COMPOSITUS. See Virol.

LIQUOR CARNIS FERRO-PEPTONATUS. See Carniferrol.

LIQUOR FERRI ESTELLINI.

According to the *• Pharm. Centralhalle," this is a compound of egg-yolk with iron (4 per
cent. Fe). Recommended as a tonic.

LIQUOR FERRI-IODOSINI.

A solution of iodosinura and Loofsch's essence of iron peptonate, containing 0.5 per cent,
of iodin and 0.4 per cent, of iron.

LIQUOR FERRI MANGANI lODOPEPTONATI.

A solution containing 0.5 per cent, of iron, 0.1 jter cent, of manganese, and 0.05 per cent,
of iodid of iron. Used in chlorosis. Dose, a tablespoouful.

LIQUOR FERRI OXYDATI NATRONATI SACCHARATA. See Ferrosol.

LIQUOR FERRI VITELLINI.

A ferruginous preparation of egg-yolk. Used as a substitute for cod-liver oil.

LIQUOR lODISINI.

A solution of iodosin, containing 0.25 per cent, of iodin.

LISTERINE.

Composition given as follows : Benzoic acid, 3 parte; boric acid, 8 parte; sodium biborate,
61 parts; thymol, 2.5 parts ; oil of eucalyptus, 10 drops; oil of peppermint, 6 drops; alcohol, 180
parts ; aqua dest., ad 1000 parts. Used as antiseptic.

LITHIO-PIPERAZIN.

A combination of lithium and piperazin. Forms a granular, soluble powder, which is used
in gouty aflTections. Dose, 1-3 Gm. a day.

THE NEWER REMEDIES, 83

LITHIUM DIURETIN. See Uropherin.

LITHIUM SALTS.

LITHIUM BENZOATE. GeHsGOO Li. Molecular Quantities of lithium carbonate and
benzoic acid are brought together with sufficient water ana heated until solution has taken
place ; the resulting solution of lithium benzoate is evaporated to dryness on a water-bath. This
salt occurs as a fine white powder, or in scales, which are soluble in 8 parts of cold water and 10
parts of alcohoL Is employed in the treatment of rheumatism in doses of 0.5-1 Gm. (8-16 gr.).

LITHIUM BITARTRATR LiG4H508.H20. /Ss^fumym ; Tartarlithin. A white powder
of agreeable acid taste, soluble in water. Recommended as a specific for rheumatic, suppura-
tire ginglTitis. The action is diuretic and laxative. Dose, 0.3 Gm. (5 gr.).

LITHIUM CAFFEIN 8ULF0NA TE, Used for gout and rheumatism.

S-GeHs(OH)GOO Li.
LITHIUM DITHI08ALICYLATE. 1. I Obtained by neutrallring

S-G«H8(0H)G00Li.
dithio-salicylic acid 1 (q. v.) with lithium carbonate. This is a yellow powder, readily soluble
in water and insoluble iu alcohol. The therapeutic propei^ties and dose of this salt have not
been determined. .

LITHIUM DITHIOSALICYLATE 2 is obtained by neutralizing dithiosalicylic acid
2 {q. V.) with lithium carbonate. This salt forms an amorphous powder which is soluble in
water and alcohol. Employed in treatment of rheumatism and gout.

LITHIUM FORMATE. HCOOLi+HsO. Obtained by neutralizing formic acid with
lithium carbonate, recrrstallizing the resulting salt It forms colorless needles, which are very
soluble in water. Employed in rneumatism and gout. Dose, about 0.2 Gm. (3 gr. ).

LITHIUM OL YCERINO-PHOSPHA TE. See under Glycerino-phosphoric Acid.

LITHIUM OUAIACATUM. Employed in treatment of rheumatism and chronic gout.
Dose, 0.25 Gm. (4 gr.), twice daily.

LITHIUM HIPPURATE, Becommended for excess of uric acid in the system. Dose,
H).3-1.3 Gm. (5-20 gr.).

LITHIUM lODA TE. See Iodic Acid.

LITHIUM RHODANA TE. See Lithium Sulfocyanate.

LITHIUM'RUBIDIUM'PLATINUM CYANID. Li Rb Pt (GN)4 + Ag. Greenish-yel-
low needles, soluble in water.

LITHIUM SALICYLA TE, G6H4(OH)GOO Li, is obtained by neutralizing an equivalent
amount of salicylic acid (138 parts) with lithium carbonate (37 parts) in the presence of water
•containing a little alcohol ; the resulting solution should have a slight acid reaction. This salt
forms a white, readily soluble, crystalline powder, which is employed in treatment of acute and
•chronic rheumatism in doses of 0.5-1 Gm. (8-15 gr.).

LITHIUM SOZOIODOLATE. Q^^h Sparingly soluble in water. Employed as

XSOsLi.
antiseptic in form of ointment or dusting-powder when mixed with starch.

LITHIUM SULFOCYANATE. A white, crystalline, hygroscopic powder, sparingly
soluble in water, easily soluble in alcohol. Uses, the same as other lithium salts, in doses of
0.2-0.3 Gm.(3-5gr.) twoor three times daily.

LITHIUM SULFOICHTHYOLA TE is obtained by neutralizing ichthyol-sulfonic acid
with lithium carbonate. It forms a black, tarry-like mass, which is dissolved by water, forming
a turbid solution. Employed internally in treatment of rheumatism in doses of 0.6 Gm. (8 gr.).

LITHIUM THEOBROMIN SALICYLATE. A white powder, soluble in water. Em-
ployed as a diuretic. Dose, 1 Gm. (16 gr.) four times daily.

LITHOLEIN.

A saffron-yellow liquid, used as antiseptic and antiparasitic in skin diseases and simple
inflammations, in form of 2-5 per cent, ointment, with vaselin as vehicle.

LOBELIN. (RESINOID.)

A yellowish-green powder, soluble in water, alcohol, and ether. Emetic, also externally as
anodyne. Dose, as emetic, 0.03-0.06 Gm. ()^-l gr.).

LOBELIN SULFATE.

From the leaves of lobelia inJkUa. Yellowish-white, rather hygroscopic powder. For
bronchitis, dyspnea, and spasmodic forms of asthma. Dose, 1-6 gr. either internally or hypo-
dermically.

LOREN.it. (LOREMIT.) GbH4I(S0sH)0HN. Synonym: Parap-iodo-ana-oxy-quinolin-ortho-
sulfonate. (D. R. P. Hoechst.)

An isomer of loretin, occurring in yellow, anhydrous needles or leaflets, soluble in water.
Used like loretin.

LO R ET I N . See under Chinolin.

LORETIN BISMUTH. See Bismuth Loretin.

LOSO P HAN. CbHIj (OH) (GH)8. Synonym : Tri-iodo-meta-cresol. (D. R. P. Bayer.)

This is prepared by the action of iodin, in the presence of an alkali, on ortho-oxy-p-tolnic
acid. Losophan forms colorless, inodorous crystals, insoluble in water, soluble in ether and the
fixed oils, melts at 121.5^ G. (250.5° F.), and contains 78.4 per cent, of iodin. It is employed in
various parasitic affections of the skin in alcoholic solution (1-2 per cent.), or as an ointment
(1-10 per cent).

84 THE NEWER REMEDIES.

LUCILLINE.

A purified petroleum jelly.

LUFFA AMARA.

Employed as diuretic and tonic in digestive disturbances.

LUFFA ECHINATA.

The fruits are used for colic and in cholera.

LUPERINE.

A mixture of powdered gentian, columbo, and quassia. Remedy for dipsomania.

LUPETAZIN. HN(CHs.CH.CHs)sNH. Synonyms: Di-methyl-piperasin ; Di-propylene-diamin.

A white, crystalline powder, an analogous compound to piperazin, recommended as a sub-
stitute for piperazin, giwen in the same doses.

LYCETOL. (DI-METHYL-PIPERAZIN TARTRATE.) (NH (CH2.CHCH8),NH) + Hjf:

Thi« is obtained by distilling glycerin with ammoDium bromid, and reducing the resulting
product (di-methyl-pyraziii) Vith metallic sodium ; is said to be more efficacious as a solvent
for uric acid than piperazin. The dose is the same as that of piperazin. (D. R. P. Bayer.)

LYCHNOL.

A fluid extract of white soap-root.

LYCOCTONIN.

This is an alkaloid obtained from Aeonitum lycoctinttm. Marchetti reports that it is a weak
heart poison. In doses of 75 Cg. per kilo of body-weight it proved fatal in cases of cold-blooded
animals ; in warm-blooded animals much larger doses are required. It exerts a paralytic action
on the nervous system. Its color is yellowish white, and it is with difficulty soluble in water,
but more readily so if dilute acetic or tartaric acids are present.

LYCOPERDON GIGANTEUM.

A fungus used in powder form as a wound-dressiug; the whole fungus is employed in vet-
erinary practice as a local hemostatic and antiseptic.

LYCOPODIUM.

Recently recommended for affections of the bladder in doses of 2 Gm. (30 gr.).

LYCOPUS VIRGINICUS. (BUGLE-WEED.)

Said to be a mild narcotic and astringent. Recommended for catarrh of the stomach.

LYPTOL.

An antiseptic ointment stated to contain mercuric chlorid, oil of eucalyptus, formaldehyd,
and benzo-boracic acid incorporated with petrolatum.

LYSIDIN. (CH2N)(CH2NH)C.CH8. /Synonym ; Methyl-glyoxalidin. (D. R. P. Hoechst.)

This base was obtained by Ladenburg by the interaction between ethylene-diamin hydro-
chlorid and sodium acetate, lioerating the base from its salt by means of a caustic alkali. It
is described as being a bright red-colored crystalline mass, very hygroscopic and characterized
by a peculiar mouse-like odor, melts at 105°" C, and boils at 198° C. Because of its extremely
hygroscopic nature it is now placed on the market in the form of a 50 per cent, solution. This
is a pale yellowish liquid of soap-like feeling when rubbed between the fingers ; its sp. gr. is
1.054. It precipitates solutions or mercuric chlorid and iodid, soluble in excess of lysidin ; ferric
chlorid forms a brown precipitate, soluble in excess of the reagent. One Gm. of lysidin (cryst.)
requires 5 Gc. of normal hydrochloric acid V. S. for neutralization, phenol-phthalein being the
indicator. Lysidin is recommended as a solvent for uric acid deposits, being given in doses of
1-5 Gm. (15-75 gr.) daily, dissolved in excess of carbonated water. Where toe solution (50 per
cent. ) is employed, an equivalent double amount is used. It is claimed that lysidin possesses nve
times the power of piperazin as uric acid solvent

LYSIDIN BITARTRATE.

A soluble, white, crystalline powder, 10 Gm. of which correspond to 7.2 Gm. of the 50 per
cent, solution, or 3.6 Gm. of pure lysidin.

LYSOL. See under Cresol.

LYSOLUM BOHEMICUM.

A dark-brown liquid of agreeable odor, which is miscible with water in all proportions,
forming transparent yellow solutions. One to 2 per cent, solutions are used as a disinfecting
wash, while a 0.2 per cent, solution is sufficiently strong for washing instruments.

LYSOSOLVEOL.

A mixture of potassium linoleate (88 per cent.), cresols (44.5 percent.), and water (22.5 per
cent.). It is soluble in water. Used as disinfectant and antiseptic.

MACALIN.

Recommended as a substitute for quinin In intermittent fever. Of more agreeable taste-
and cheaper than the latter.

MACLAYIN. CitHkOi,.

A glucosid obtained from Illipe maclayana. A powerful local irritant.

MADAR.

An Asclepiadacea whose root and bark are employed instead of ipecacuanha as emetic.

THE NEWER REMEDIES. 85

MAGNESIUM BENZOATE. (GoH5COOs)sMg.

Magnesium carbonate is mixed with sufficient water to form a smooth paste ; to this is then
added an equivalent (molecular) quantity of benzoic acid, and the solution evaporated to dry-
ness. It forms a white, crystalline powder, soluble in 20 parts of cold water. Employed in the
treatment of gout, urinary calculi, etc. It has been recommended by Klebs in treatment of
tuberculosis. Dose, 0.15-1 Gm. (2.5-15 gr.).

MAGNESIUM BORATE. Synonym: Antifungin.

Prepared by boiling a solution of borax with a solution of a magnesium salt. Antiseptic.

MAGNESIUM BOROCITRATE.

Made by mixing an aqueous solution of citric acid with magnesium carbonate and borax.
A remedy for gravel in doses of 1-2 Gm. (15-30 gr.), in solution or as powder.

MAGNESIUM CREOSOTATE. ^S^nonyfiu; Creosote-magnesia; Kreosolid.

Prepared by mixing creosote and calcined magnesia in equivalent proportions. The prepa-
ration is nree from the odor and taste of creosote. It is insoluole in water, but, on addition of a
few drops of hydrochloric acid and warming, it is gradually dissolved to a milky fluid.

MAGNESIUM FLUORID.

A white powder, insoluble in water. Used as antiseptic.

MAGNESIUM GLYCERINO-PHOSPHATE. C,H70,PO<3>Mg.

A white, crystalline powder, soluble in water. Solution is colorless and is stable on warm-
ing, but is precipitated by oxalates, carbonates, phosphates, and lead salts. The salt contains
31-35.5 per cent, of phosphoric acid. Nerve tonic, used in all cases where phosphoric acid is in-
dicated. Dose, 0.13-0.32 Gm. (2-5 gr.).

MAGNESIUM GYNOCARDATE.

Prepared by mixing magnesia with gynocardic acid. A white powder, insoluble in water.
Recommended for lepra. Dose, 1-4 Gm. (15-60 gr.).

MAGNESIUM ICHTHYOLATE.

Recently calcined magnesia (100 parts) and ichthyol (775 parts) are evaporated together
to dryness on a water-bath. Used as antiseptic dusting-powaer, mixed with tau;.

MAGNESIUM LACTATE, (CgHsOs^sMg + 3HsO.

Lactic acid, previously diluted with water, is neutralized with magnesium carbonate*
evaporated, and crystallized. It forms colorless crystals, which are soluble in 30 parts of cold
water. Employed as a laxative in doses of 1-3 Gm. (15-45 gr.).

MAGNESIUM LORETINATE, BASIC. MgI.O.CgH4N.SOs.5HsO.

Bright yellow crystals, sparingly soluble in water. Used as antiseptic dusting-powder.

MAGNESIUM LORETINATE, NEUTRAL. Mg(I.OH.C»H4N.S08)87H,0.
Salmon-colored prisms, readily soluble in water.

MAGNESIUM PERMANGANATE. Mg(Mn04)2.6HjO.

Friable, blue-black crystals, readily soluble in water. The action is analogous to that of
calcium permanganate.

MAGNESIUM PHENOL-SULFONATE.

This salt, which occurs as white, almost odorless needles, with a bitter, not disagreeable,
taste, has been recommended as an antiseptic purgative in doses of 15-30 gr. The alkaline
character of the salt is an advantage, as it diminishes the danger of intestinal irritation. The
salt is soluble in 2 parts of water and 5 parts of alcohol.

MAGNESIUM SALICYLATE. (C6H4(OH)COOs)Mg + 4H80.

Salicylic acid is dissolved in boiling water and neutralized with magnesium carbonate,
evaporated, and crystallized. It forms coforless, hygroscopic crystals, which are readily soluble
in water and alcohol. Employed in abdominal typhus in doses of 1-2 Gm. (15-30 gr.).

MAGNESIUM SOZOIODOLATE. (C^,I,(OH)S03)2Mg + SHjO.
Colorless, needle-like crystals. Used as antiseptic.

MAGNESIUM SULFOPHENATE. See Magnesium Phenolsulfonate.

MAIDALAKRI.

The bark of Tetranthera laurifolia; much used in East India for diarrhea and dysentery.

MALAKIN. C«H4(OCsH6).N:CH.C6H4(OH). Synonyms: Salicyl-para-phenetidin ; Salicyliden-
phenetidin. .(D. R. P. Basel.)

This is a condensation product of p-phenetidin and salicylic aldehyd, occurring in bright
yellow needles which melt at 92° C. (197.6° F.), almost insoluble in water and alcohol, and decom-
posed by dilute mineral acids. Malakin is recommended as an antipyretic and antirheumatic in
doses of 1 Gm. (15 gr.).

MALANDRIN.

A homeopathic remedy obtained from grease, recommended as a preventative of variola.

MALARIN. CeH4<CN^=C(CH 1(0 H ) H C" Synonym: Acetophcnone-phenetidin Citrate.

A condensation product of acetophenone and para-pbenetidin. A crystalline powder,
insoluble in water, acidulous taste, melting at 88° C. According to Dr. Erdmann, malarin is a

86 THE NEWER REMEDIES,

citrate of para-phenetidin to which some aoetophenone has been added ; he also warns against
' its urie because of its untoward effects. Dose, 0.5-1 Gm. (8-15gr.) as antipyretic and antineur^
gic. (D. B. P. F. Yalentiner.)

MALLEIN (Dry).

An analogue of tuberculin, employed as a diagnostic of glanders. It is said to be a mix-
ture of the poisonous, active metabolic products of tbe bacillus of glanders, and to be obtaiued
from extremely virulent cultures of this bacillus ; it is said to be stable, and can be kept for
years. Mallein occurs as a yellowish-white, bulky powder, readily soluble in water; from 4-5
Cg. (f-f gr.) are dissolved in freshly boiled distilled water and iijected, with strict antiseptic
precautions, into the middle of the side of the neck.

MALLOTOXIN.

Flesh-colored needles, having an action similar to that of Kamala.

MALTOS CANNABIS.

A Swedish nutrient in form of a yellowish-white powder, possessing a taste at first saline,
later sweetish, and then acrid and bitter.

MAMM/E SICCATJE.

An extract prepared from the udder of the cow, each part representing 8.76 of the fresh
glands.

MAMMEA AMERICANA.

An American Guttifera, whose leaves are used in decoction for intermittent fever, and the
bark as local emollient on wounds. Water distilled from the flowers is recommended as an aid
to digestion.

MANDRAOORIN. QrHasNO.

The sulfate of an alkaloid, obtained from the Mandragcra offie. Is used in ophthalmologic
practice as a mydriatic.

MANOAWeSE ALBUMINATE.

Yellowish-white scales, soluble in water.

MANGANESE SACCHARATE.

Brown powder, soluble in water. The albuminate, peptonate, and saccharate have been
recommended in the same way as hemogallol.

MANGANOUS OXALATE. MnCjO* + 2H2O.

A white powder, nearly insoluble in cold and hot water. Employed as desiccant.

MANGIFERA INDICA. See Mango.

MANGO. (MANGOTREE.)

The seeds of Manglfera indioa^ an East Indian Anarcadacea, are stated to possess anthel-
mintic properties.

M A N O L . Synonym : Succus Anisi Ozonatus.

A dark brown, syrupy liquid, consisting of cane sugar, carbolic acid, oil of anise, alcohol,
and water. Recommendea for whooping-cough.

MANSA.

The rhizome of Anemiopsis eciZt/omica, a South American plant, is used for malaria and
dysentery.

MANUEA AMERICANA.

The resin and a decoction of the bark are employed in skin diseases.

MARGOSA OIL.

Obtained by expressing the seeds of Melia tufodirachta, an East Indian Meliacea. It is a
yellow oil, of a garlic-like odor and very bitter taste. Used internally as anthelmintic ; exter-
nally for rheumatism.

MARKASOL. See Bismuth Borophenate.

MARMOREKIN. See Antistreptoooccin.

MARMOREKIN.

Marmorek's streptococcus serum.

MARRQL.

A new dietetic preparation, said to consist of ox marrow, malt extract, and hop extract.

MARTOL.

A semi-fluid extract obtained from the shells of the cacao bean. It consists of carbo-
hydrates, phosphates, theobromin, tannate of iron, and other mineral salts.

MASSOI.

The bark of Saatc^ras gcuianum. Used for colic, diarrhea, and spasms.

MATZOON. See Kefir.

MAYOL.

A new preservative, introduced by Ed. May, of Budapest. According to Prof. K. Than,
it is a mixture of ethyl and methyl alcohols with boric acid, glycerin, and ammonium fluorid.

THE NEWER REMEDIES, 87

Meat treated with the solution becomes coated with a crust several millimeters thick, beneath
which it is said to remain fresh for weeks.

MECONARCEIN.

A derivative of narcein, which appears in lemon-yellow crystals, melting at 126° C. (358.8°
F.), soluble in dilute alcohol, but very slightly in water. Recommended in bronchial affections,
neuralgias, and insomnia, in doses of 0.01-0.03 Gm. (i-| gr.).

MEDITRINA.

A concentrated " electrozone," used in leuoorrhea and other female diseases. Grermicide.

MEDULLA ASSIUM RUBRUM SICC. PULV.

The dried and powdered marc of the femur bone of cattle. Useful in anemia, chlorosis,
rachitis, in doses of 0.2 Gm. several times daily.

MEDULLADEN.

An extract from the bone marc of calves, used in anemia and neurasthenia, in daily doses
of 6-9 Gm.

MEDULLADEN.

An extract prepared from bone marc. Recommended in treatment of gout ; also anemia.

MEDULLARY GLYCERID.

Glycerin extracts of bone marrow from calves' ribs. Tonic. Used in anemia.

MEDULLINE (Hammond's).

The sterilized extract of the spinal cord of the ox. Used in nervous diseases, locomotor
ataxia, etc. See Animal Extracts, Addenda.

MELACHOL.

Sodium phosphate, 100 parts ; sodium nitrate, 2 parts ; citric acid, 13 parts ; distilled water
ad 100 Cc. Used as laxative in diseases of the liver.

M EL AC H O L. See Sodium Citro-phosphate.

MELANTHERA BROWNEL

The leaves of this West African Gomposita are recommended in form of infusion as a sub-
stitute for quinin.

MELANTHINE.

A fflucosid obtained from the seed of Nigella seUiva, resembling in character sapotoxin
(obtained from qulUaya bark). It is regarded by Kobert and Schulz as one of the series of
saponines, whose typical physiologic properties it possesses, being, however, considerably more
toxic than others of the series.

MELIA AZADIRACHTA. See Margosa Oil.

MEL-MAROBA.

A liquid combination of manaca (the Brazilian "mercurio-vegetal"}, caroba, stillingia,
and potassium iodid. Used in treatment of syphilis, scrofula, chronic skin diseases, and rheum-
atism. Adult dose is two fluidrachms.

MELOL.

A disguised castor oil.

MENTHALCAL.

A preparation in tablet form, composed of the salts contained in the mineral springs at
Ems, combined with menthol.

MENTHENE.

A liquid prepared by dehydrating menthol, of the composition CioHig, soluble in alcohol,
ether, and benzin, and insoluble in water. It boils at 167° C, and has the density, at 0° C, oi
0.8226.

MENTHOL CARBONATE. (CoH,»)2COs.

A white powder, without odor and taste, sparingly soluble in alcohol.

MENTHOPHENOL. Synonym: Mentophenol.

Prepared by fusing together phenol, 1 part., and menthol, 3 parts. Forms a fluid which is
used in concentrated condition in treating wounds (burns); diluted with water, as mouth-wAsfa
(15 drops to a glass of water). Warm water containing 3-6 per cent, of menthophenol acts as local
anesthetic and antiseptic in minor operations.

MENTHOXOL.

A solution of hydrogen dioxid, containing menthol and alcohol.

MENTOPHENOL. See Menthophenol.
MERCURO-IODO-HEMOL. See under Hemol.
MERCURO-SEPTOL. See Hydrargyroseptol.

MERCURY SALTS AND COMPOUNDS.

MERCURIC BENZOATE, (C8HRC00),Hg + HgO, is obtained by precipitating a solution
of mercuric nitrate with a solution of sodium benzoate. This forms a white, crystalline, inodor-
ous, tasteless powder, slightly soluble in water, but readily soluble in a solution of common salt.

88 THE NEWER REMEDIES,

Employed subcutaneously in treatment of svphilis, the solution being prepared A*oin 3 parts of
the beuxoate, 1 part of sodium chlorid, and 4U0 parts of water, onesyringetul being given daily.

MERCURIO-CHLORID-UREA. To a cold solution of 1 Gm. of mercuric chlorid in
100 Cc. of water, 0.5 Gm. of urea is added, and, when solution has taken place, filtered. Em-
ployed subcutaneously iu syphilis; 1 Cc. of the solution contains 0.01 Gm. of mercuric chlorid.

MERCURIC CYANID, Hg(CN)«. is made b^ passing hydrocvanic-acid gas through water
which contains freshly precipitated yellow oxid ol mercury ; the solution is then filtered, evapor-
ated (caution ! !), and crystallized. This forms colorless crystals, which are very soluble in water
and alcohol. Employed in syphilitic diseases subcutaneously (0.1 Gm. in 10 Cc. water), 3>^to 1
syringeful daily. Great caution should be observed in administering this remedy.

MERCURIC FORM AMID ATE, (HCONH)jHg, is a solution resultiue from the solvent
action of formamid on freshly precipitated mercuric oxid. Each cubic centimeter corresponds
to 0.01 Gm. mercuric chlorid. Employed subcutaneously in syphilis (0.01 Gm. daily).

MERCURIC lODA TE. See Iodic Acid.

MERCURIC NAPTHOLATE. (CioHTO)^Hg. A solution of mercuric nitrate Is precipi-
tated by means of sodium naptholate; the resultme precipitate forms, when washed and dried,
an inoaorous. insoluble powaer, employed externally in skin diseases ; internally in treatment
of typhus. Dose, 0.06 Gm. (1 gr.).

MERCURIC-OXID-ASPARAGIN, [CH8(NH2)(CONH2)(COO]2Hg, is an aqueous solu-
tion, prepared by adding 0.72 Gm. of freshly precipitated mercuric oxid to a solution of 1 Gm.
of asparagin in 5 Gm. of water, shaking frequently for some time, filtering, and adding water to
72 Cc. This solution (1 per cent.) is used suDcutaneously in treating syphilitic diseases.

MERCURIC OXYCYANID, Hg(OCN),, is a white, crystalline, soluble powder, which is
said to be six times more powerflil as an antiseptic than corrosive sublimate, at the same time
possessing the advantages of being neutral, less caustic, and not coagulating albumin. As an
antiseptic wash, solutions of 1 : 1500 are employed. Subcutaneously, 1 Cc. of a 1.25 per cent, solu-
tion used daily.

MERCURIC PEPTONATE, a yellowish solution, which contains mercuric chlorid 1 part,
peptone 3 parta, and sodium chlorid 3 parts, dissolved in 100 parts of water. This is employed
for subcutaneous injections, since it does not cause pain nor produce abscesses. The dose is 1 Cc,
corresponding to 0.01 Gm. (| gr.) of mercuric chlorid.

MERCURIC RE80RCINA TE. The precipitate obtained by interaction between solutions
of mercuric acetate and sodium resorcinate is dissolved in excess of mercuric acetate, evaporated,
and crystallized. This forms a dark yellow, crystalline powder, insoluble in the usual solvents.
For subcutaneous injections the following formula may h% used :

Hydrargyri resorc.-aoetici, 5.6 Gm. ; ParaflBn liquid, 5.5 Gm. ; Jianolin anbyd., 2.0 Gm.
Each 1 Cc. contains 0.387 Gm. of mercury ; the fluid should be warmed to 25° C. before use,
and not more than 0.2 Cc. employed weekly.

MERCURIC SALICYLATE. C6H4<(>QQ>Hg. This may be prepared by interaction

between solutions of sodium salicylate and mercuric nitrate, or by warming together equivalent
quantities of salicylic acid and freshly precipitated mercuric olcia in the presence of water on a
water-bath, until the yellow mercuric oxid has been entirely converted into the white salicylate.
This forms a white, inodorous, tasteless, and amorphous powder, which is insoluble in water and
alcohol, but is readily dissolved by a solution of sodium chlorid or any of the halogen salts.
Contains 50 per cent, of mercury. It is given in doses of 0.01-0.08 Gm. (A~134 g*"*)-

MERCURO-IODO-HEMOL. See under Hemol.

MERCURO-PA RA-PHENYL- THIONA TE. See Hy drargy rol.

MERCUROUS ACETATE. (CH3COO)2Hg2. A solution of mercurous nitrate is poured
under constant stirring and away from access of light, into a cold solution of sodium acetate; the
precipitate formed is allowed to stand in a cool place for twelve hours, then washed with a little
water and alcohol, and dried at a low temperature. It forms white, glassy scales, which turn
gray on exposure to heat or light, particularly when moistened with water ; soluble in 300 parts
of water and insoluble in alcohol. Employed in treatment of syphilis in form of pill, dose being
0.01-0.06 Gm. (i-1 gr.); externally in ointments (1 : 10-25).

MERCUROUS TANNATE is prepared by rubbing a concentrated solution of mercurous
nitrate with a solution of tannin until a pasty mass separates; this is then washed with water by
trituration and dried at 40° C. (104° F.). It forms brownish-green scales, which are not soluble
(without decomposition) in water or alcohol. Employed in syphilis in doses of 0.06-0.13 Gm.
(1-2 gr.).

MERCURY ALBUMINATE is obtained by pouring a solution of albumin (1:8) into a
4 per cent, mercuric chlorid solution, the former being in slight excess. The solution is allowed
to stand for forty-eight hours ; the clear solution is then decanted from the precipitate, which is
at once mixed with sugar of milk and dried in an exsiccator, adding sufficient milk sugar so that
the resulting powder contains 1-1.5 per cent, of mercury albuminate. This preparation is used
as an antiseptic dusting-powder in surgery.

MERCURY AMIDOPROPIONA TE, or ALANA TE, is prepared by neutralizing aniido-
propionic acid with mercuric oxid, evaporating, and crystallizing. Forms a white, crystalline,
soluble powder. Employed for subcutaneous injections in place of mercuric chlorid. Dose,
0.005-0.01 Gm. (iV-4 gr.).

MERCURY CARBOLATE, or PHENATE. (C«H50)oHg -f HjO. An alcoholic solu-
tion of mercuric chlorid is added to an alcoholic solution of sodium phenate, the solution is
evaporated to dryness, and the product washed with water, then crystallized from alcohol. Mer-
cury phenate forms colorless needles, almost insoluble in cold water and alcohol. Employed in
syphilis in doses of 0.016-0.032 Gm. (^->^ gr.).

MERCURY ETHYLCHLORID, Hg(C2Hs)CI, is obtained by mixing equal parts of mer-
curic chlorid (dissolved in alcohol) and mercury ethlde ; the resulting ethylchlorid forms color-
less, shining scales, of unpleasant ethereal odor, slightly soluble in water and alcohol. Because of

THE NEWER REMEDIES. 89

its indifference to albumin, it is recommended for subcutaneous injection in place of mercuric
chlorid. Dose, 0.005 Gm.; subcutaueously, 0.5-1 : 100.

MERCURY GALLATE, [C«H,(OH)8COO]2Hg. Molecular quantities of gallic acid and
yellow mercuric oxid are mixed with water and evaporated to dryness. This forms a greenish-
black, insoluble powder, which is used as an antisyphilitic in place of the less stable tannate.
Dose, 0.03-0.05 Gm. (J-| gr.).

MERCUR Y QL UTINO-PEPTONA TE, SUBLIMA TE. A white, hygroscopic powder, the
aqueous solution of which does not yield a precipitate upon the addition of alkalies ; also, no
coagulum results upon the addition of albumin. On treating gluten with hydrochloric acid, a
compound results wnich contains 12 per cent, of hydrochloric acid and possesses the property of
forming a soluble double salt with mercuric chlorid, the latter being present to the extent of 25
per cent. Used as an antisyphilitic subcutaneous! y in doses of 0.01 Gm. (^ gr.).

MERCURY IMIDOSUCCINATE, or ASPARAGINATE. |C2H4(CO)2N]2Hg. Freshly
precipitated mercuric oxid is warmed with an aqueous solution of succinimid, and the filtered
solution is evaporated and crystallized. It forms a lustrous crystalline powder, soluble in 25 parts
of water and 300 parts of alcohol. Subcutaueously used in 1.2 per cent, solution.

MERCURY-POTASSIUM-HYPOSULFITE, 3Hg(&03)s + SKoSsO,, is prepared by
dissolving freshly precipitated mercuric oxid in a solution of potassium byposulfite, evaporating,
and crystallizing. This salt is employed for subcutaneous injections.

MERCUR Y-POTASSIUMSULFITK Occurs in colorless crystals, easily soluble in water,
of which 2.32 Gra. correspond to 1 Gm. of corrosive sublimate. The solution does not precipitate
in albumin, and is therefore adapted to hypodermic use.

MERCURY PYROBORATE. (HgB407). A brown, insoluble powder, which is applied
ointment form (1 :50) to wounds.

MERCURY SILICO-FLUORID. (HgaSiF., + 2H2O). Synmym: Hydrargyrum Silico-
fluoratum. Prismatic crystals, soluble in water. Used as antiseptic for wounds, etc. Applied
in solution (1 : 1000) and as ointment (1 : 2000).

MERCURY SOZOIODOL, CsHjIj.O.SOoHg, is obtained as a precipitate, on mixing
concentrated aqueous solutions of sodium sozoiodol and mercuric nitrate. It (onus a fine, yellow
powder, which is soluble in 500 parts of water, but freely taken up by a solution of sodium chlorid
or any of the halogen salts. This salt is employed chiefly in the treatment of syphilis, locally
and subcutaueously. The subcutaneous dose is 0.06 Gm. (1 gr. ). For antiseptic applications a 1-2
per cent, ointment, dusting-powder, or wash may be employed.

MERCURY SUCCINIMID (Mercury-imidosuecinate). (C,H4(CO)8N)2Hg. Freshly pre-
cipitated mercuric oxid is heated with succinimid and water until the former is dissolved ; filter,
evaporate to crystallization. This compound forms white, silkeu-like powder, soluble in water
and almost insoluble in alcohol. Recommended as a subcutaneous antisyphilitic (1.3: 100).
Dose, 0.013 Gm. (^ gr.).

MERCURY THYMOLACETATE, {(MiCOO)^^^ + ^^^^^Ug. Prepared by dis-
solving the above mercury thrmolate in a concentrated hot solution of mercuric acetate ; on
cooling, the double salt crystallizes out. It forms a crystalline, insoluble powder, containing 67
per cent, of mercury. Both of these salts are used internally in doses of 0.005-0.01 Gm. (^-^
gr. ) ; when used subcutaueously it should be suspended in paraffin oil as directed under mer-
curic resorcinate.

MERCURY THYMOLATE, CjoHijOHgOH, is obtained by precipitating a solution of
mercuric nitrate with sodium-thymolate. An unstable, violet^reen powder.

MERCUR Y-THYMOL-NITRA TE. Colorless crystals, insoluble in water. Used hypoder-
mically. Prepared as follows : Hydrarg. thymol nit., 1 Gm. ; 01. petrolati, 10 Gm. ; Gocain mur.,
0.1 Gm. One Cc. of a solution.

MERCURY TRIBROM'PHENOL-ACETATE. A hot solution of tribrom-phenolate of
sodium is precipitated by a solution of mercuric acetate ; the resulting precipitate is then dis-
solved in a hot concentrated solution of mercuric acetate, which, on cooling, deposits yellow
crystals of the above salt. This contains 29.3 per cent, of mercury, and is employe subcutane-
ously in treatment of syphilis. One Cc. of a solution of 6.5 Gm. in 18 Gm. of 01. petrolati.

MESPILODAPHNE PRETIOSA.

A Brazilian plant, used for nervous exhaustion, catarrh, and leucorrhea.

MESUA FERREA.

An Indian Guttifera ; the oil of the seeds is used locally for rheumatism.

META-AMIDO-PHENYL-PARA-METHOXY-CHINOLIN.

Recommended as an antiperiodic and antipyretic in doses of 0.2-0.5 Gm. (4-8 gr.).

META-CHLORAL. (INSOLUBLE CHLORAL.)

A white mass of pungent, ethereal odor ; insoluble in water, alcohol, ether, and chloroform.
Proposed as substitute for chloral hydrate for external use. It is stated to be a powerful anti-
septic, and is suitable for suppositories as well as dusting-powders.

META-CRESOL. CflH4(CH8)OH.(l : 3).

One of three isomers which are found in coal and beech-wood tar. This product possesses
a very feeble odor, boils at 198° C, and dissolves in 50 parts of water. It is less toxic than car-
bolic acid and is said to be five times more active in antiseptic power.

META-CRESOL-ANYTOL.

A 40 per cent, solution of meta-cresol in anytol, which latter is a 33 per cent, solution of
anytin, a name given to the alcohol-soluble constituents of ichthyol. Anytin has the power of
rendering soluble in water substances otherwise insoluble. The meta-cresol mixture is reconi-

90 THE NEWER REMEDIES.

mended as a Tery good remedy in the Tarious forms of erysipelas, in whicli it is used by aDDlTinc
tbe solution with a brush. ' ff 7 »

META-CRESOL-CINNAMIC ESTER.

A new compound intended for the treatment of tuberculosis. The preparation is as fol-
lows : Twenty-five parts of meU-cresol and 35 parts of cinnamic add, dissolved in toluol or other
indifferent solvent, are heated under a reflux condenser with 20 or 25 parts of phosphorus ozy-
chlorid at WiP-Wfi C, until the evolution of acid is ended. After cooling, the liquid is separated
from a reddish, resinous mass, the solvent distilled off, and the residue crystallized from alcohol.
The product melts at 65° C, dissolves in most organic solvents, but is insoluble in water.

META-DI-HYDROXY-BENZENE. SeeResorcin.

META-DIOXY-NAPTHALIN. See Napthoresorcin.

METHACETIN. C^4.0GH,.NH.CH,C0. Synonynu : Para-acet-anisidin ; PanM>xymethyl-
acetanilid.

This is an analogous compound to phenacetin, being the methyl-ester of paraphenetidiii.
or it may be rM'arded as aoetanilid in which a hydrogen in the bensene nucleus is substituted
by an oxy-methyl group (-OCHs). Metbacetin forms colorless, inodorous, and tasteless scaly
crystols, which melt at 127° C. (260.6° F.), almost insoluble in cold water, but readily soluble in
hot water, also in alcohol ' ............

antineuralgic in doses o
of pheuaceiiu as antipyretic
neuralgic.

METHETHYL.

According to Aufrecht, consists chiefly of ethyl chlorid, with small amounts of methyl
chlorid and chloroform. Used as local anesthetic.

METHONAL. (CHs)aC(S0sCH«)9. Synonyms : Di-methyl-sulfone-di-methyl-methane.

Prepared similar to sulfonal, employing, however, methyl mercaptau instead of ethyl
mercaptan. It is used as hypnotic in same doses as sulfonal.

METHOXY-ANTIPYRIN. See under Antipyrine.

METHOXY-CAFFEIN. C8H9(OCH8)N402.

This derivative of caffein appears in white needles or as an amorphous powder, melting at
177° C. (350.6° F.). Recommended in migraine and neuralgias in doses of 0.26 Gm. {4 gr.) hypo-
dermically as a local anesthetic.

METHOZINE. See Antipyrine.

METHYL-ACETANILID. SeeExalgin.

METHYLAL. CHs(0GH8)t. Synonym: Methylene-dimethyl-ether.

This fluid is obtained by the abstraction of 1 molecule of water from a compound of 1
molecule of formaldehyd and 2 of methyl-alcohol ; the resulting product belongs to the group of
organic bodies known as *' acetals." It is a colorless liquid, of an ethereal odor, soluble in water,
alcohol, and ether ; its sp. gr. is 0.855 (15° C), and boiling-point is 42° C. (107.6° F.). Methylal
is recommended as a hypnotic in doses of 1-5 Gm. (15-75 gr.).

METHYL CHLORID. CHgCl. Synonyms: Chlormethyl; Mono-chlor-methane.

This gaseous compound is made by heating methyl-alcohol and hydrochloric acid under
pressuro at 100° C. ; the gas produced is washed and dried, and then compressed in copper or
steel cylinders at low temperature with pressure. Methyl chlorid forms a colorless and inflam-
mable gas of an ethereal odor, which, under a pressure of 5 atmospheres, or at a temperature of
—25° C. , is conrerted into a liquid. It appears in commeroe in the compressed li<)uid rorm, which
is employed as a spray to produce local anesthesia. A minute stream of the liquid is directed
upon a tampon of wool and silk placed over the surface to be anesthetized ; the rapid evaporation
produced absorbs the heat from the parts and leaves them bloodless and insensible.

RICHARDSON'S COMPOUND LIQUID consists of a mixture of ether and chloroform
saturated with methyl chlorid ; has been recommended as a substitute for chloroform.

METHYL CHLOROFORM. CHsOCl,.

As anesthetic, less dangerous than chloroform. Recommended in cases where a very rapid
narcosis is not necessary.

METHYL CYANID. (ACETONITRIL.) CH3CN.

A colorless liquid of agreeable odor. To be distinguished from another methyl cyanid
(methyl carbylamin), which has a repulsive odor.

METHYL ETHER. (METHYL OXID.) (CHa)^©.

A gas obtained by action of sulfuric acid on methyl alcohol. Anesthetic action is rapid,
followed Dy speedy recovery without bad after-effects. It destroys sensibility before loss of con-
sciousness. A solution in ethyl (ordinary) ether is more generally employed.

M ETH YLEN E. (METHYLENE CHLORID, Richardson. )

A mixture of chloroform 4 parts, and methyl alcohol 1 part Recommended as anesthetic.

METHYLENE BICHLORID. See Methylene Chlorid.

METHYLENE BLUE. CioHigNsSCl. Synonym: Tetrap-methyl-thionine-chlorid.

A complex derivative of diphenylamin, classed as an " anilin dye." This salt occurs
in dark blue or reddish-brown crystals or crystalline powder, of k bronze-like tinge, slightly
soluble in water and alcohol, producing a deep blue solution. Methylene blue is employed inter-

THE NEWER REMEDIES. 91

nally as an analgesic in nearalgic and rheumatic affections in doses of 0.18-0.5 Gm. (2-8 gr.), or
8ut>cutaaeoasIy m doses of 0.016-0.06 Gm. (3^-1 gr.). (D. R. P. Hoechst.)

METHYLENE CHLORID. CHgCls. Synonyms : Di-chlor-methane ; Methylene Bichlorid.

Prepared by the reducing action of nascent hydrogen (from zinc and hydrochloric acid)
upon chloroform, the product being washed and rectified. This forms a colorless liquid, which
resembles chloroform in odor and solubility ; specific gravity is 1.354 (16^ C.) ; boiling-point,
41.6^ G. (107° F.). Like pure chloroform, it is readily decomposed hj the action of sunlight,
hence the addition of 1 per cent, of alcohol is recommended. Methylene chlorid is recommended
as an anesthetic in place of chloroform.

METHYLENE CHLORID (Richardson). See Methylene.

METHYL-GLYCOLIC-ACID-PHENETIDID. SeeKryofin.

METHYL-OLYOXALIDIN. See Lysidin.

METHYL GUANIDIN. NH.C(NHjO.NH(CH8).

A colorless mass, soluble in water, insoluble in alcohol. Employed as a narcotic.

METHYL lODID. CHjI.

Obtained by distilling a mixture of phosphorus, iodin, and methyl alcohol, washine the
distillate with water, and finally fractionating. A colorless fluid which, on exposure to fight,
assumes a brown color, due to the separation of iodin. Used as a local anesthetic.

METHYL-LORETIN. CHal.OH.CaHsN.SOsH.HaO. Synonym: Para-methyl-meta-iodo-
ortho-oxyquinolin-ana^sulfonic Acid.

Occurs in form of intensely yellow, vitreous needles, or in glistening scales and leaflets.
Insoluble in ether and bensol, slightly soluble in alcohol and water. Used as an antiseptic like
loretin.

METHYL-PARA-AMIDO-META-OXYBENZOATE. See Orthoform.

METHYL-PHENACETIN. See under Phenaoetln.

METHYL-PHEN-MORPHOLINE.

A new synthetic alkaloid, claimed to possess valuable narcotic properties. A patented
process of manufacture consists in heating a mixture of mono-chlor-acetone and ortho-nitro-
phenol-potassiura and treating the product of the reaction with tin and hvdrochloric acid. The
compound is a colorless, highly refracting, oily liquid, which boils at 1.50^-152° C. under 24 mm.
pressure. Its hydrochlorid is in large crystals^ soluble in water and aleehol The acetyl deriva-
tive has also been prepared, and crystallizes in needles.

METHYL-PROTOCATECHUIC ALDEHYD. See Vanillin.

METHYL-PYRIDIN. SULFOCYANATE.

A compound obtained by the action of t-hiocyanic acid on chinolin. A crystalline, energetic
antiseptic, free from caustic properties and all dangers that are liable to occur with the use of
corrosive sublimate and carbolic acid. Usually employed in 1 per cent, solutions.

METHYLSALOL. CH:3(0H)(CHs)C0j.QH6. Synonym: Para-cresotonio-phenyl Ester.

Colorless, needle-like crystals, insoluble in water, soluble in hot alcohol, ether, and chloro-
form. Employed for rheumatism.

METHYL-URETHANE. (URETHYLAN.) (J^^ci^.

Prepared by the action of cyanogen chlorid on methyl alcohol. Occurs in colorless plates,
soluble in water and alcohol. Employed as hypnotic.

METHYL-VANILLIN-PARA-PHENETIDIN.
Used as hypnotic

METHYL-VIOLET. See Pyoktanin, blue.

MEZQUITE.

The leaves of Algarohia glandulosOf a plant indigenous to Texas, are recommended as a
febriftige in form of decoction.

MICHELIA CHAMPAIA.

The bark is used as a febrifuge, and has been recommended as a substitute for guaiac.

MICROCIDIN. CioHrONa.

This is a sodium beta^napthol, obtained by fusing beta-napthol with one-half of its weight
of sodium hydrate. As an antiseptic wash a y^ per cent, aqueous sohition is employed. It is
recommended internally as an antipyretic, but more particularly as an antiseptic in purulent
otitis media, rhinitis, ozena, and tonsillitis. In nasal and throat diseases, a 0.1 per cent, solu-
tion is usually employed.

MIORAININ.

This is an antip3rrine preparation, the composition of which is, according to various
analyses, antipyrine, 85 per cent ; caffein, 9 per cent. ; citric acid, 6 per cent It is recom-
mended as a specific in the treatment of migraine, and is also employed in relieving the head-
ache of influenza. The dose is given as 1 Gm. (15.5 gr.). (D. R. P. Hoechst.)

MIQROL.

A proprietary remedy for migraine, consisting of caffein, sodium bicarbonate, and guai-
aoetin.

92 THE NEWER REMEDIES,

MIGROSINE.

A mixture of menthol and acetic ether. Used for migraine.

MILDIOL.

A disinfectant prepared from petroleum and creosote.

MILK. DIABETIC. See Diabetic Milk.

MILK, DRIED.

One of the most recent results of food industry. It is a yellowish powder, presenting the
appearance of coarse rye Hour. According to the manufacturers, it gives a product resemoling
fresh milk when mixed with water in proper proportions. Chemic analysis shows that the
water is reduced from about 88 to about 3 per cent, in this powder. Its composition is as follows:

Total solid matter, 95 per cent.

Albumin, 25 "

Fat 24-26 "

Ash, 6.7 "

Milk sugar, 40 "

It represents ten times its weight of fresh milk and may be used advantageously in coffee,
cocoa, etc.

MILK-PEPTONE. See Casein-peptone.

MILK-SOMATOSE.

A preparation resembling ordinary somatose, made from meat. It is prepared trom. casein,
with addition of 5 per cent, of tannin. See also under Somatose.

MOCHARAS.

The gum resin of Bomhax tnalabarieaj used as astringent for diarrhea and dysentery. The
dose is 2-3 Gm. (30-45 gr.).

MOLLICHTHYOLIN.

A mixture of ichthyol and moUin.

MOLLIN.

A soft soap containing 15 per cent, excess of fats and 30 per cent, of glycerin. Miscible
with water.

MOLLIN, CARBOLATED.

A mixture of mollin and carbolic acid. Antiseptic and disinfectant.

MOLLIN, CREOLINATED.

A mixture of creolin and mollin. Antiseptic and disinfectant.

MOLLOSIN.

An ointment vehicle composed of a mixture of yellow wax 1 part, and liquid petrolatum
4 parts.

MOLLUGO STRICTA.

An East Indian plant, used in form of infusion as stomachic and abortive.

MONESIA. (BURANHEM. GUARANHEM. CARYOPHYLLUM GLYPHLCEUM.)

A Brazilian Sapotacea, the bark of which is used, in form of decoction or aqueous extract,
as tonic and stomachic for diarrhea and bronchitis. Also employed internally and externally as
styptic. The dose is given for the extract as 0.2-1.5 Gm. (3-23 gr.) three to five times daily.

MONESIN.

An acrid principle analogous to saponin, obtained from the bark of the Lucutna glyeyphkea.
It forms a white powder or yellowish scales, soluble in water and alcohol. Used as astringent
and oxytocic in amenorrhea, diarrhea, catarrh, and scurvy, in doses of 0.0065-^.032 Gm. (^^
gr-).

MONO-BROM-ACETANILID. See Mono-brom-phenyl-acetamid.
MONO-BROM-PHENYL-ACETAMID. (MONO-BROM-ACETANILID. BROM-
ANTIFEBRIN.) CeH^^^HCHsO.

Occurs in small, white, glistening, needle-like crystals. The preparation combines the
sedative action of bromin with the antipyretic effect of acetanilid. Dose, 0.15-0.75 Gm.

(23^-12 gr.).

MONO-CHLORAL-ANTIPYRINE, or HYPNAL. (C„Hi2N20+CCl8.CH(OH)2).

Obtained by triturating together 188 parts of antipyrine and 165.5 parts of chloral hydrate
until liquefaction takes place ; the oily-like liquid is then dissolved in hot water and set aside
to crystallize. Hypnal forms colorless crystals, which melt at 67.5° C. (154° F.), and are
readily soluble in warm water. It is employed as a hypnotic and analgesic in doses of 1-2 Gm.
(15-30 gr.).

MONO-CHLOR-CTHANE. See Ethyl Chlorid.

MONO-CHLOR-META-CRESOL.

Succedaneum for para-chlorophenol.

MONO-CHLOR-METHANE. See Methyl Chlorid.
MONO-CHLOR-PHENOL. See Chlor-phenol.

THE NEWER REMEDIES, 93

MONOL.

An aqueous solution of calcium permanganate (2 : 1000), which is in use in France for
purifying drinking water.

MONOLENE.

A colorless hydrocarbon oil.

MONO-PHENETIDIN. See Apolysine.

MORADEIN.

An alkaloid obtained from Pogonoptu febrifugtu. It occurs in colorless, transparent
prisms, easily soluble in alcohol, ether, and chloroform.; sparingly soluble in water.

MORPHIN SALTS. Ci7H„(OH)2.NO.AC.

Among the newer salts of this base are the—

ANISA TE. A white, crystalline powder, easily soluble in water, with difficulty in alcohol.

BENZOATE, obtained by neutralizing morphin with benzoic acid. This forms white,
crystalline prisms or powder, which is employed in treatment of asthma in the same doses as the
morphin sulfate.

BORA TE is recommended for subcutaneous injections and eye-washes, because of the
stability and neutral nature of the salt.

PHTHALATE and TARTRATE are recommended for subcutaneous injections, both
being yery soluble in water.

SACCHARINA TED. Consiste of 60.9 parte morphin and 89.1 parte saccharin.

8TEARA TE. (CirHipNOs.CiTHagCOOH). Best obtained by double decomposition between
sodium stearate and morphin hydrochlorid. As oleaginous application, 0.5 Gra. to 50 Gm. of
fixed oil of almonds ; as ointment, 0.5 Gm. to 50 Gm. of petrolatum ; in suppositories, 0.02 Gm.
to 2.5 Gm. of cacao butter.

MORRHUIN. CuHjtNj.

A basic princinle found in cod-liver oiL It is a thick, oily liquid, which is soluble in
alcohol and ether ; 2 Af g. of the principle are presumed to represent a tablespoonful of cod-liver
oil in activity.

MORRHUOL.

Stated to be the most active constituent of cod-liver oil. Obtained by agitating cod-liver
oil with several portions of 90 per cent, alcohol, after which the alcohol is distilled on from the
mixed extracts. The dose is 0.2 Gm. (3 gr.), in gelatin capsules, which represente 5 Gm. (75 gr.)
of cod-liver oil, given to adults six times daily ; to children, four times.

MUAVIN HYDROBROMID. (MUAWIN.)

An amorphous salt of an alkaloid obtained from " muawi " bark, which forms a yellowish
powder, soluble in water. Ite physiologic effect is similar to that of digitalin.

MUCOSOLVENE.

A germicide employed in diphtheria.

MUSCARIN. (CH8)8N(OH)(CaHA).

An alkaloid obtained from the fungus Agaricus mu*carius. It appears in hygroscopic,
crystalline masses, readilv soluble in water and alcohol. The nitrate and sulfate are usually em-
ployed. Used in place of eserin as an antidote to atropin ; also recommended for diabetes in-
sipidus. Dose, 0.0022-0.0044 Gm. (^iV gr.)-

MUSCULINE (Hammond's).

The sterilized extract of the muscular tissue of the ox. Used in rheumatism. See Animal
Extracte. Also same in Addehda.

MUSIN.

A fluid preparation made from tamarinds.

MUSSANIN.

An alkaloid obtained from Acacia antfielmintica. Dose, 0.2-0.3 Gm. (3-6 gr.).

MYDRIN (Merck).

A mixture of the hydrochlorids of ephedrin and homatropin, placed on the market in 10
percent, aqueous solutions. It is recommended as a very useful evanescent mydriatic. Apply
in 10 per cent, solution.

MYDROL. Synonym: lodo-methyl-phenyl-pyrazolin.

A colorless, inodorous, bitter powder, which is readily soluble in water and alcohol. Used
as a mydriatic in 5-10 per cent solution.

MYELEN.

An extract prepared from fresh ox marc. Used in treatment of rachitis, and in anemic
and scrofulous conditions.

MYRICIN.

An extract in powder form, employed in diarrhea and jaundice as astringent and stimu-
lant. Dose, 0.1-0.25 Gm. (l>^-4 gr.), in pills.

MYRISTIN. C8Hj(C,4H270)808.

A white powder, easily soluble in ether, with difficulty in water and alcohol.

94 THE NEWER REMEDIES.

MYROBALANEN.

The fruit of TemUnalia indiea and Termifuilia nigra has been recommended for diarrhea
and other intestinal disturbances. Dose, for adults, 1-8 6m. (16-120 gr.) a day in pills; for
children, 0.6-3 Gm. (8-60 gr.) in mixture.

MYRONIN.

The firm of Eggert A Haeckel, in Berlin, hare introduced under this name a new oint-
ment yehicle consisting of a mixture of soap, carnauba wax, and doegling oil. The latter
possesses remarkable penetrating powers, and does not readily become rancid. Mjronin is pre-
pared bj heating stearic acid, in the presence of carnauba wax, with sufficient dilute potassium
carbonate solution until saturation has taken place. The mixture of the resulting stearin soap
and wax is then diluted with the doegling oil until an ointment-like mass results, possessing the
desired d^ree of consistency. This i>ase, as prepared, contains about 12.5 per cent, of water,
which may be increased or decreased as desired.

MYRRHOLIN.

A solution of equal parts of myrrh and oil (fatty), which has been used as a vehicle for
creosote in laryngeal and pulmonary tuberculosis.

MYRTOL.

A mixture of dextro-pinene (Ci(JB[i«\ eucalyptol (GjpHigO), and a camphor-like body
(GioHieO), obtained by the fractional distillation of the oil or Myrttu communis. It forms a
colorless liquid, of aromatic odor, boilinff between 160° and 180° C. (320°-356° F.) ; recommended
as a disinfectaDt and deodorant in putrid bronchitis and other diseabes of the respiratory tract.
Dose, 5 minims every two or three hours, taken in capsules.

NAFTALAN.

Consists principally (96-97.6 per cent.) of a peculiar naptha obtained from Russia, purified
by fractional distillation and mixed with 2.5-^ per cent, of auhydrous soap to give it the proper
consistence and to render it gelatinous. It melts at 70° C, is insoluble in water, alcohol, and
glycerin, soluble in ether and chloroform, and readily miscible with all kinds of fats. Its high
meItin{^-point makes it applicable for external use even in summer heat. In the treatment of
burns, inflam«l wounds, ulcers, etc., it relleres pain, and also finds application in various skin
diseases, and in arthritic and rheumatic disorders. Finally, it is antiseptic, antiparasitic, and
deodorant.

NAPELLINE.

From Aeonitttm napelbtt, white powder, soluble in water, alcohol, and ether. Anodyne,
analgesic. Neuralgia, rheumatism, etc. Dose, 0.008-0.03 Gm. (^-^ gr.).

N A PT H ALI N . Synonyms : Naphthalene ; Naphthalin, CioHg ; Tar (Camphor.

A hydrocarbon obtained from coal tar, which occurs in white scales of fatty luster and
strong coal-tar odor, melts at 80° C. (176° F.) , and is soluble in alcohol and ether, but insoluble in
water. Used internally as a vermifuge a^inst oxyuris vermicularis, as an expectorant, as an
antiseptic in chronic diarrhea and typhoid fever, also as an antipyretic. Externally napthalin
is used in various skin diseases, as eczema, psoriasis, lepra, etc. Dose is 0.13-0.5-1 Gm. (2-8-15
gr.); for tapeworms, 1 Gm., followed by castor oiL Externally, from 5 to 10 per cent, dusting-
powder or ointment.

NAPTHALINUM BENZOICUM. (BENZONAPTHALIN.)
Stated to be a mixture of napthalin and benzoic acid.

NAPTHALOL. SeeBetol.

NAPTHASALICYN.

Recommended as a disinfecting solution for clothing, etc., and consists of a solution of
salicylic acid, napthol, and borax. Ammonia water may be substituted for borax.

NAPTHASALOL. SeeBetol.

NAPTHIONIC AC I D . CioHfl(NH2)S08H. Synonym : Napthglaminsulfonic Acid.

A remedy in acute iodism, poisoning by nitrites, and vesical affections. Dose, 3-4 Gm.
(45-60 gr.) daily.

NAPTHOCRESOL.

A brown fluid having a tarry appearance and odor, insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol
Antiseptic, in place of creolin.

NAPTHOFORMIN.

Prepared from alpha- or beta-naptbol and formaldehyd. It is used as an antiseptic in
dermatology.

NAPTHOL (ALPHA). C10H7OH. fii^nonym : Alpha Napthol.

A constituent of coal-tar, also obtained artificially from napthalene. It forms colorless
prisms of phenol-like odor and burning taste, soluble in alcohol and ether, slightly so in water;
melts at 95°. Alpha-napthol is an antiseptic and anti ferment, being recommended in treatment
of diarrhea, dysentery, typhoid fever, etc. A solution of 0.1-0.25 : 1000 prevents the develop-
ment of the spores of the tubercle bacilli. Said to be equally as strong but more toxic than
beta-napthol.

NAPTHOL (BETA). C10H7OH. Synonym: Beta-napthol.

A constituent of coal-tar, also obtained artificially from napthalene. For description and
tests see U. S. Pharraacopceia. Beta-napthol is used as a general antiseptic in cutaneous disorders
and in affections of the respiratory tract ; also as an intestinal antiseptic in typhoid and typhus

THE NEWER REMEDIES, 95

fevers and in chronic diarrheas. The dose varies from 0.12-1 Gm. (2-15 gr.). Externally, 2-10
per cent, solutions or ointments are employed.

NAPTHOL (BETA) BISMUTH. SeeOrphol.
NAPTHOL-ANTIPYRINE (Beta). See Napthopyrine.

NAPTHOL-ARISTOL- Ci^HelaOs. Sywmyms: Di-iodo-beta-uapthol ; NaptholDl-iodid.

Prepared like aristol ; a solution of sodium napthol (beta-napthol 11 parts, and sodium car-
bonate 4 parts) is precipitated by an aaueous solution of iodin in potassium iodid (2.4 par}» each).
It is a greenish-yellow powder, insoluble in water, slightly soluble in alcohol, and very soluble in
chloroform. The compound is recommended as an antiseptic in place of iodoform.

«

NAPTHOL BENZOATE (Beta). See Beazonapthol.

NAPTHOL CAMPHOR (Beta). iSf^^nonym : Napthol, camphorated.

A syrupy fluid, made by fusing together napthol 1 part, and camphor 2 parts. This is used
as an antiseptic application to boils and in tuberculosis.

NAPTHOL CARBONATE (Beta). CO(OCioH7),.

A di-napthyl ester of carbonic acid. It is prepared by the action of phosgene on beta-
napthol sodium, yielding shining, colorless scales, which are insoluble in water and melt at
176° G. (348.8° F.). Recommended as a substitute for betaruapthol, as an intestintd antiseptic,
owing to its less irritating qualities.

NAPTHOL CARBOXYLIC ACID. CioH«(OH)C08H. Synonym: Alpha^xynapthoic
Acid.

This is obtained by the action of carbonic acid gas upon sodium-alpharnapthol under pres-
sure. -It forms a white, crystalline powder or acicular crystals: melts at 186° C. (366.8° F.); in-
soluble in water, soluble in alcohol, ether, fatty oils, and glycerin. Forms soluble salts with the
alkalies or alkali carbonates. Becomraended as an antiseptic disinfectant and antiparasitic, in
form of an ointment (5-10 per cent.) or antiseptic gauze (1 per cent.).

NAPTHOL DI-IODID. See Napthol-aristol.

NAPTHOL DI-SULFONATE OF ALUMINUM. SeeAlumnol.

NAPTHOL-MONO-SULFONATE OF CALCIUM. SeeAsaprol.

NAPTHOLSALOL. SeeBetol.

NAPTHOPYRINE. (BETA-NAPTHOL-ANTIPYRINE. )

A molecular compound of beta-napthol and antipyrine, obtained by trituration.

NAPTHORESORCIN.

Obtained by heating di-oxy-napthalin-sulfonic acid with dilute inorganic acids. Trans-
parent crystals which melt at 124° C. Use unknown.

NAPTHOSALOL. SeeBetol.

NAPTHOXOL.

A solution of hydrogen dioxid, containing napthol and alcohol.

NARCEIN HYDROCHLORID. C528H»N0».HC1 + SHgO.

Narcein is found in opium to the extent of 0.1-0.4 per cent. The hydrochlorid forms
colorless, crystalline needles, which are soluble in water and alcohol. It is employed as a
hypnotic in doses of 0.01-0.2 Gm. (J-3 gr.).

NARCEIN MECONATE.

Lemon-yellow crystals, soluble in water. Recommended as sedative. Subcutaneous dose,
0.006-0.025 Gm. (tV^ gr.).

NARCOTIN. CaHsjNOy.

This alkaloid, which is found in opium, occurs in colorless crystals, which melt at 176° C
(348.8° F.); insoluble in water and alkalies, but readily soluble in alcohol and ether. It is used
as a hypnotic in doses of 0.25-1 Gm. (3.8-15 gr.).

NARINOIN. CfflH2eOii.4HaO.

A glncosid obtained from Citrus deciimana. It occurs in white crystals of intensely bitter
taste, easily soluble in alcohol and warm water, with a yellowish color.

NAROGAMIA ALATA. Synonyms: Goa Ipecacuanha ; Trifolio; Nelanringu.

A meliaceous plant found in East India. The root is in use as expectorant and emetic.

N ASROL. See Sodium Sulfocaffeate.

NELANRINGU. See Narogamia.

NERIUM OLEANDER.

An alcoholic extract of the root of this plant is recommended instead of digitalis and stro-
phanthus for heart diseases. I>ose, 0.05 Gm. {% gr.).

NERVINE.

An extract of the normal gray substance of sheeps' brains.

96 THE NEWER REMEDIES.

NERVINE.

A proprietary remedy for gout, rheamatism, migraine, neuralgia, sciatica, etc.

NERVOSINE.

A mixture of reduced iron (0.025 per cent.) with yalerian, angelica, orange peel, 'and
liocM'ice extract, made into pills weigbing 0.25 Gm. (4 gr.) each. Used lor hysteria and neuraa-
thenia.

NEURALGIN. (CARBUCICCHIO. )

A mixture of acetanilid, caffein, and sodium salicylate. Recommended for acute and
chronic articular rheumatism ; antineuralgic. Dose, 0.5-^ Gm. (S-45 gr.).

N E U R I N . N( CH8)3(CiH3)OH. Synonym : Tri-methy 1-yinyl-ammonium-hydroxid.

This base, containing the unsaturated radicle " vinyl," C^Hs, Is found, along with neuro-
dm (C5H14NS), among the products of the decomposition of flesh. Obtained synthetically by
reaction between ethylene bromid and alcoholic trimethylaniin at 60° C. (140° F.) under pres-
sure. It forms a very poisonous, strongly alkaline fluid, which is very soluble in water, but is
decomposed on boiling. A 3 per cent, solution is employed as a local application for diphtheritic
membranes.

N E U RO D I N . C«H4(OCOCH8)NH.COOC2H6. Synonym : Acetyl-p-oxy-phenyl-urethane.

A substance introduced by Merck as an antipyretic and antineuralgic. By the action of
chloro-carbonic ether (C0(C1)(0C^H5) ), and amiao-phenol ( CeH4( OH )NHs),para-oxy phenyl-
urethane, is formed, which, on being acetylated, is converted into neurodin. This forms color-

less, inodorous crystals, melting at 8/° C. (188.6° F.), soluble in 1400 part« of cold water.

Dose as antineuralgic is 1-1.5 Gm. (15-23 gr.) ; as antipyretic, (h5 Gm. (7)^ gr.). (D. R. P.
R Merck.)

NEUROSIN.

A French preparation (in syrup or granule form) which contains as active constituent,
glyceriuo-calcium phosphate.

NICKEL BROMID. NiBrj.

Used as hypnotic and sedative, also recommended in epilepsy. Dose, 0.13-0.52 Gm. (2-8
gr.) in form of syrup.

NICKEL CARBONIC OXID.

A clear, colorless, very poisonous liquid. Used subcutaneously to lower the temperature.

NICKELSALIPYRINE. (ANTIPYRINE NICKEL SALICYLATE.)
Appears as a pale green powder or nearly white needles.

NICOTIN BITARTRATE.

White crystals, soluble in water. Used for tetanus and as antidote in strychnin poisoning.

NICOTIN TARTRATE. C,oH,4Nj(C4H60fl) + 2HjO.

White needles, soluble in water. Solution more stable than that of the free alkaloid.

N I R V A N I N . (D. R. P. Hoechst. )

Its composition is that of a hydrochlorid of diethyl^lycocoll-amido-oxybenzoic-methyl
ester. It crystallizes from absolute alcohol in white prisms melting at 185°, gives a violet color
with ferric chlorid, and is very soluble in water. A 5 per cent solution causes, when iigected
into the eye, complete anesthesia after temporary irritation of the conjunctiva. Upon less sensi-
tive mucous membranes the solution is not at all irritating, but does not produce such deep-seated
anesthesia. Applied subcutaneously, the anesthetic effect is complete and prolonged. The new
preparation has also the advantage over orthoform of being less toxic. Experiments on animids
proved it tQ be only one-tenth as toxic as cocain. The highest subcutaneous dose that could be

f:iven without injury was 0.5 Gm. (8 gr.). It has also been nsed successfully in dental practice
n 2-5 per cent, solutions. A 1 per cent, solution is an effective antiseptic, preventing bacterial
growth, fermentation, and putrefaction.

NITRO-SALOL. See under Salol.

NJALLIN.

An alkaloid obtained from Njalla beans.

NORMAL-ANTI-HYDRORRHINE.

A remedy composed of boric and salicylic acids, dissolved with chlorin in alcohol and
water.

NORTROPINON. C7H11NO.

A tropigenin ketone obtained by oxidizing demethylated tropin with chromic acid. Melts
at 70° C. Use unknown.

NOSOPHEN. Synonyms: lodophen ; Tetra^iodo-phenol-phthaleln, (C6HaIa.OH)t.C<^^*?9

Obtained by the action of iodin on a solution ot phenol-phthalein. It forms a pale yellow
colored, inodorous, and tasteless powder, insoluble in water and alcohol ; melts at 255° C. With
alkali esnosophen forms soluble salts, the sodium compound being blue. It contains 60 per
cent, of iodin, which is not liberated by the action of alkalies or boiling dilute acids. It is of
feeble acid character, readily forming salts with bases, the sodium salt (antinosin) being readily

THE NEWER REMEDIES. 97

soluble. Employed as antiseptic dusting-powder, being destructive to bacterial life. Used in
catarrh of the intestines and stomach in doses of 0.&-0.5 Gm. (5-8 gr.). (D. B. P. Khenania.)

NUCLEIN.

A phosphorated proteid extracted from the spleen and other organs. It forms a pale yellow
colored powder, soluble in alkaline solutions, but insoluble in alcohol or water. In doses of 2-3
Gm., wefi diluted, nuclein is said to enhance phagocytosis by increasing the number of white cor-
puscles. Also recommended hypodermically in treatment of pleurisy and pneumonia.

NUCLEOHISTON.

An albuminoid obtained from lymph and thymus gland of calves. It is said to effect immu-
nization against disease. A white powder, soluble in water, mineral acids, and alkalies.

NUTRIMENTOSE. See under Carnose.

NUTRIN.

A dietetic food which, according to its manufacturers, represents " the pure nutritious
substance of meat."

NUTROL.

According to an official analysis, this preparation consists largely of maltose (40 per cent),
dextrose (17.3 per cent.), dextrin (16.6 per cent.), and water (24.7 per cent.), with small quanti-
ties of pepsin and hydrochloric acid. The conclusion is reached that nutrol has some digestive
power, out that it is not justifiable to call it a food, considering the small doses directed to be
taken.

NUTROSE. (D. R. P. Hoechst.)

Neutral casein sodium which forms an inodorous, soluble powder containing 13.8 per cent,
of nitrogen. Used as a food in intestinal and digestive disturbances, also in anemia and
scrofula.

OCULIN.

An organo-therapeutic preparation, stated to be a glycerin extract from theciliary body of
the eyes of oxen. A similar preparation in the market is extractum corporis ciliaris.

OCULUSTRO.

An oleate of potassium soap containing 30 per cent, of glycerin and a little turpentine.

ODOL.

A mouth-wash, composed of salol, 2.5 parts ; oil of peppermint, 0.5 parts ; saccharin, 004
parts ; and alcohol, 97 parts. Small quantities of the oils of clove and caraway are probably
present.

ODONTODOL,

Said to be a mixture of cocain hydrochlorid (1), oil of cherry-laurel (1), tincture arnica
(10), and solution of ammonium acetate (20). Used as a dental anodyne.

CENANTHOTOXIN, CitHcOs.

A resinous substance obtained from (Enanthe crocaia ; it is said to be very poisonous, and
to produce violent spasms, like picrotoxin.

CESYPUS.

In place of the expensive lanolin, a cheap, impure wool-fat bearing the above name has
been recommended, which is a by-product in cleansing sheep-wool, and is obtained in form
of a tenacious, unctuous mass of dark brown color and disagreeable odor. The odor can
be masked by addition of vanillin, but it is advised not to use this fat in acute eczema. Hie fol-
lowing formulas are given : (1) Zinc oxid, starch, of each, 20 parts ; olive oil, oesypus, of each, 30
parts ; vanillin, 0.2 parts. (2) Zinc oxid, starch, of each, 20 parts ; olive oil, oesypus, of each, 28.5
parts ; tincture of benzoin, 3 parts.

OIL OF GARLIC. See AUyl Sulfid,

OLEO-CREOSOTE. See under Guaiacol.

OLEUM RICINI NAPTHOLATUM.

Castor oil containing 0.2 per cent, each of alpha^napthol, chloroform, and oil of peppermint.

OMAL. (C«H2Cl8)OH) [2.4.6.]. Synonym: Tri-chlor-phenol.

A crystalline mass obtained by the action of chlorin on phenol, which melts at 68° C. Used
by inhalation to relieve inflammation of the upper air passages.

OOPHORIN.

A preparation made from the fresh ovaries of cows and swine. Used like ovarin. Each
0.5 Gm. represents about 3 Gm. of the fresh ovaries. Dose, 3 tablets (each containing 0.5 Gm.)
three times daily. See Organo-therapeutics, Addenda.

OPIANIC-ACID-PARA-PHENETIDIN.

Used as a hypnotic.

OPOTHERAPEUTIC PREPARATIONS (E.Merck).

These form a class of organo-therapeutic preparations which represent the active secretions
of the various organs, deprived of inert albuminoid matter. Since these secretions consist largely
of lencomains which are of a basic character, advantage is taken of the readiness with which
they form double salts with sodium chlorid, for their extraction from the respective organs. One

98

THE NEWER REMEDIES.

part of the extract repreBents 10 parts of the fresh organ. The following constitute the class
under this head :

Kame and Okioin of

THE PBKPARATION.

Indications.

Doses fok Adults,
IN Gkams.

Opocerebrt num .

from the gray brain
matter.

Chorea; hysteria; neurasthenia; insom-
nia; chronic alcoholism; anemia;
chlorosis with pronounced cerebral
symptoms; epilepsy; brachycardia.

0.2-0.4 (gr. 3-6) per dose,
0.4-0.8 (gr. ft-12) per day.

Opohepatoidinum,

from the liver.

Hemoptysis; icterus; epistaxis; cin*
rhosis.

0.5 (gr. 8) per dose,
1.6-4.0 (gr. 23-15) per day.

Opohypophysinum,

from the pituitary
body.

Acromegaly.

0.06 (gr. %) per dose.

Opolleninum,

from the spleen.

Hypertrophy of the spleen; malarial
cachexia ; leucocy themia ; pseudo-
leuoocythemia.

2.0-6.0 (KS-lkis) per dose,
4.0-12.0 US-35) per day.

Opomamminam,

from the mammary
gland.

Menorrhagia; metrorrhagia; uterine
fibroma.

1.6 (gr. 23) per dose,
6.0-8.0 (1345-25) per day.

Opomedalllnum,

from the red bone-
marrow.

Pernicious anemia ; pseudoleucocy-^
themia; chlorosis; neurasthenia.

0.2-1.0 (gr. 3-15) per dose,
up to 6.0 (1>^5) per day.

Opoorchidlnuni,

from the testicles.

Spinal and other nervous diseases.

0.6-0.8 (gr. 8-12) per dose,
1.5-3.0 (gr. 23-45) per day.

Opoossilnum,

from the yellow bone-
marrow.

Rachitis; osteomalacia.

0.2-1.0 (gr. 8-16) per dose,
up to 6.0 (13^5) per day.

Opoovariinum,

from the ovaries.

Climacteric disturbances; nervous dis-
orders following ovariotomy; hys-
teria; chlorosis.

0.2-0.8 (gr. 3-12) per dose,
0.6-3.0 (gr. 10-4')) per day.

Opopancreatinum,

from the pancreas.

Diabetes mellitus.

0.2-0.8 (gr. 3-12) per dose,
2.0-8.0 (^5-23) per day.

Opoprostatlnnm ,

from the prostate gland.

Hypertrophy of the prostate gland.

0.2 (gr. 3) per dose,
0.8 (gr. 12) per day.

Oporeniinum,

from the kidneys.

Uremia; chronic nephritis; albumin-
uria.

0.5-0.8 (gr. 8-12) per dose,
1.5-3.0 (gr. 23-45) per day.

Oposttprar«naiinuin ,

from the suprarenal
capsule.

Diabetes insipidus ; Addison's disease ;
neurasthenia.

•

0.2-0.4 (gr. 3-6) per dose,
0.4-0.8 (gr. ft-12; per day.

Opothymiinum,

from the thymus
gland.

Deficient development of the new-
bom ; infantile paralysis ; Graves'
disease; leucocytnemia ; chlorosis;
anemia.

0.2-0.5 (gr. 8-8) per dose,
0.6-3.0 (gr. 10-45) per day.

Opothyroidinum,

from the thyroid
gland.

Myxedema; cretinism; cachexia
struraipriva; obesity; skin diseases
(psoriasis, ec;seraa, etc.); absence
of milk; hemophilia; torticollis;
etc.

0.05-0.1 (gr. %-lK) per dose,
0.15-0.6 (gr. 2j^-10) per day.

ORCHIDIN.

Prof. Poehl's testicular fluid. Recommended as a nervine.

OREXIN. C»E^.CH8N.CH.NC«H6. Synonym: Phenyl-dihydro-chin-azollne. (D. R. P. Kalle. )

This, a complex chinolin derivative. Is obtained by the action of sodium formanilid on
o-nitrobenzyl clilorid ; the resulting o-nitrobenzyl formanilid is reduced to the corresponding
amido derivative by means of nascent hydrogen ; the hydrochlorid of this base on heating gives
up one molecule of water, yielding the hydrochlorid of orexin, from which the base orexin may
be obtained by treatment with an alkali. It occurs as a white, amorphous, tasteless powder,
which is almost insoluble in water. Employed as a stomachic, stimulating the appetite; also as
an antiemetic, given in doses of 0.13-0.4 Gm. (2-6 gr.), either in wafers or capsules, followed by
drafts of beef-tea or cocoa to prevent any local irritation.

THE NEWER REMEDIES, 99

HYDROCHLORID. C6HA.CHsN.CH.KC6H5.HCl -f 2HsO. Fonns colorless. odorleBS cnrs-
tals, of bitter, pungent taste, melting at 80° C. (176° F.), soluble in 16 parts of cold water. The
properties and dose are same as those of orexin ; however, it produces an irritating effect upon
mucous surfaces.

TANNA TE. A yellowish-white, odorless powder, having a taste resembling that of chalk.
It is insoluble in water, readily soluble in dilute hydrochloric acid. Given in tablets in doses of
0.25-0.5 6m. (4-8 gr.), two hours before meals, twice daily, as a stomachic.

ORGANOSOL. See under Hydrogol.

ORMOSIN HYDROCHLORID.

An alkaloid obtained from the seeds of the Ormotia datycarpaf which occurs in small,
white crystals, insoluble in water and dilute alkalies, soluble in alc-ohol and chloroform. Em-
ployed as narcotic

OROXYLIN.

Golden-yellow crystals. Insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol and ether. Recommended
as antirheumatic.

O R P H O L. [(CioHrO)sBi], + Bi<Os or (CioH70)8Bi + SHgO. Synonym : Basic Beta^napthol Bis-
muth.

A compound which, according to the first formula, contains 50 per cent, of bismuth oxid,
constitutes a light brown powder of agreeable aromatic taste; according to the second formula
it should contain 71.6 per cent, of bismuth oxid and 28 per cent, of beta-napthol. It splits up in
the intestines into napthol and bismuth. Used as intestinal astringent and antiseptic in treat-
ment of cholera infantum, gastro-iutestinal catarrh, typhoid fever, the diarrheas of consump-
tives, etc., in doses of 0.5 Gm., the total daily dose for children being 1 6m. (15 gr.), for adults
8 6m. (46 gr.), given with honey or milk.

ORTHIN. C6Ha.0H.CXX>H.NH.NHs. Synonym: Ortho-hydrazin-para-o^ybenEoate.

Orthin is a derivative of phenyl-hydrazin (CeHs-NH-NHj) in which one hydrogen atom
of the benzene nucleus is replaced by a hydroxyl group and another bv the carboxyl group. The
hydrochloridf in which form it usually appears, forms colorless soluble crystals, and is recom-
mended as an antipyretic. Experiments nave shown it to be too dangerous for general use.

ORTHO-AMIDO-SALICYLIC ACID. C6H8(NH8)(OH)COOH.

Obtained through reduction of ortho-nitrosalicylic acid. It forms a gray-white, amorph-
ous, inodorous powder, of a faint sweet tast-e. Insoluble in water, alcohol, and ether. It is
employed in treatment of chronic rheumatism, in doses of 0.25-0.6 6m. (3-7 gr.).

ORTHOFORM. C6H8(OH)(NHs)COOCH«. Synonym: Methyl-para-amido-meta<oxybenKoate.

Occurs as a white, voluminous, odorless, and tasteless powder. It is permanent and non-
hygroscopic, and slightly soluble in water. Used as an antiseptic and local anesthetic to relieve
the pain of wounds, ulcers, bums, excoriations, etc. Being absolutely non-toxic, it may be applied
to large surfaces in any quantity ; as ointment it is used to the extent of 10-20 per cent, made
up with lanolin. Dose, 0.5-1 Gm. (8-15 gr.) in affections of the gastric mucous membranes.
Orthoform hydrochlorid forms a soluble crystalline salt, and, although it anesthetizes as well as
orthoform, it is not generally applicable for subcutaneous injection. (D. B. P. Hoechst.)

ORTHQFORM EMULSION.

Dr. Kassel recommends injections of an emulsion, consisting of 25 parts of orthoform and
100 parts of olive oil, for tuberculosis of the larynx. Local anesthesia is produced, which may
last from one to three and one-half days. Solid food may be taken without difficulty almost
immediately after the injectiod.

ORTHOFORM, NEW.

Under*the name of the new orthoform (orthoform, new), the Hoechst O>lor Works has put
on the market m<!<a-amido-para-oxybenzoio-methyl ester, while the original orthoform is para-
amido-meta-oxybenzoio-methyl ester. The new preparation is whiter and cheaper than the
original article. It is used in the same way as the original orthoform.

ORTHO-H YDRAZIN-PARA-OXY-BENZOATE. See Orthin.

ORTHO-OXY-BENZOIC ACID. Synonym: Salicylic Acid.

ORTHO-PHENOL-SULFONIC ACID. SeeAseptol.

ORTHO-PHENOL-SULFURIC ACID. SeeAseptol.

ORTHO-SULFAMIN-BENZOIC ANHYDRID. SeeSaccharin.

ORTHO-SULFO-CARBOLIC ACID. SeeAseptol.

ORTHO-TOLYL-ACETAMID. See Aoeto-ortho-toluid.

ORTHO-TOLYL-DI-METHYL-PYRAZOLON. See Tolypyrin.

OSAN.

A new preparation for the teeth, placed on the market in liqiiid form and as tooth powder.
It is claimed to combine the good points of all the best-known tooth preparations.

OSMIC ACID. OSO4.

Obtained by heating osmium in fine powder in a current of oxygen or moist chlorin ; or
by evaporating a solution of osmium in nitroniuriatic acid to dryness. Occurs in colorless or
yellowish-green, lustrous needles, of a penetrating ehlorin-like odor, melting at 40° C. (104^^ F.) ;
stains the skin and linen black. Externally in a 1 per cent, solution (fresh) osmic acid acts as a
caustic for cancerous and scrofulous sores ; subcutaneously (1 per cent, solution) it has been

100 THE NEWER REMEDIES,

employed in neuralgia, epilepsy, sarcoma, cancer, etc Dose, internally, 0.001 Gm. (^ gr.) in pill
form, freshly prepared.

OSSAGEN.

Tlie calcium salt of the fatty adds of red bone-marc A< white powder which represents
an Intermediary product in the formation of bone. Used twice daily in doses of 2-4 Gm. in
rachitis.

OSS A LIN. Synonym: Adepe Ossium.

An ointment-base obtained from ox-marrow. It is a neutral, mild fat, of a grayish-white
color and an odor resembling that of tallow. It absorbs water to the extent of 200 per cent.

OSS I N . Synonym : Extractum Ossium Liquidum.

A remedy for diabetes, stated to contain water (8.82 per cent.), inorganic salts (9.4 per
cent.), ethereal extract (0.06 per cent.), uitrc^^ (12.1 per cent.), and substances soluble in 80 per
cent, alcohol (61.26 per cent.).

OUABAIN.

A glucosidal principle obtained from the wood of Acocanthera ounbaio, also the seed of
Strophanthtu glabrtu. Inodorous white crystals, slightly soluble in cold, freely in hot, water and
dilute alcohol, melting at 200<' C. (392<> F.). Employed in doses of 0.000065 Gm. (p^jv gr.),
repeated at frequent intervals, for the relief of whooping-cough.

OVADIN.

A powder containing traces of iodin, prepared from the oTaries of cows and swine.

OVALBUMIC ACID.

A product obtained through the action of iodin and amorphous phosphorus upon powdered
egg albumen suspended in water. The acid is free from iodin, and forms a sodium salt that
crystallizes in fine«eedles. The acid separated from this compound melts at 260^ 0. with decom-
position. It is insoluble in water, but soluble in mineral acids. From its solution in hydro-
chloric acid it is precipitated by picric and phosphomolybdic acids, also by gold and platinum
salts.

OVARADFEN.

A preparation of ovaries containing their active constituents in an unchanged form, and
representing twice its weight of the fresh ovaries. It is an odorless, tasteless powder. Dose,
1-2 Gm. (15-30 gr.) daily. See Addenda.

OVARIA SICCATA PULV.

A powder prepared from the entire ovaries of cows, using milk sugar as diluent. Five
ovaries yield 7.5 Gm. of above preparation ; or 16 tablets are equivalent to one ovary. Used in
amenorrhea, chlorosis, etc. Dose, 0.6-1 Gm. daily. See Addenda.

OVARIINUM SICCUM.

The ovaries of cows, freed from fat, dried, and powdered. Employed in molimina climac-
terica, in doses of 1-4.5 Gm. (15-75 gr.) daily in form of pills or tablets. See Addenda.

OVARINE (Hammond's).

The sterilized extract of the ovaries of the pig, used in diseases of women, sterility, etc
See Animal Extracts. See Addenda.

OVIPROTOGEN.

A dietetic, stated to be a methylene compound of albumin. It is given in milk to infants.
Also used hypodermically.

OXIN.

A saccharated extract of beef.

OXOL.

A generic name for mixtures of hydrogen dioxid with menthol, camphor, or napthol^
called respectively menth-oxol, camph-oxol, and napth-oxol, which sec

CHOH
OXYCAMPHOR. C8Hi4< |

CO.

A white, crystalline powder, melting at 2030-205° C. Sparingly soluble in cold water,
more so in hot water. Easily soluble in all orranic solvents except ligroin. The aqueous
solution has a faint peppery-bitter taste and odor. It reduces the excitability of the respiratory
centers, like morphin, but is free from the side effects caused by the latter. Employed in
dyspnea in doses of 1 Gm. (15 gr.) several times daily.

OXYCANTHINE.

A white powder, insoluble in water, alcohol, and ether, soluble in chloroform. Stated to
have a paralyzing and irritant action on the brain and spine.

OXY-CHIN-ASEPTOL. See Diaphtherin.

OXY-DIMETHYL-CHINIZIN. See Antipyrinc

OXYGENATED WATER.

Water saturated with 12-16 volumes of oxygen. Used in uterine hemorrhage.

OXYNAPTHOIC ACID. CioH«(OH).COOH. Synonym: Alpha-napthol-carboxylic Acid.

Obtained by the action of carbonic acid on alpha-napthol-sodium under pressure at

140<^ C. ; the resulting sodium salt is a yellowish powder or colorless needles of mmting-point

THE NEWER REMEDIES. 101

\9SP C. (366.8^ F.). Very slightly soluble in cold water, but very soluble in alcohol. The acid is
quite soluble in an aqueous solution of borax. Its properties are those of an antiseptic and
antizymotic. Applied as an ointment (10 per cent.) in treatment of scabies.

OXY-PHENACETIN SALICYLATE.

Crystallizes in shining leaflets, melting between 132° and 134° G. Made by the interaction
of chloro- or bromo-phenacetin and sodium salicylate. It is said not to produce the side effects
usually noticed with its components. Used as antipyretic and antirheumatic.

OXY-PROPYLENE-DI-ISO-AMYLAMIN.

A colorless fluid, soluble in alcohol, ether, and oils, insoluble in water. Used as heart
tonic and stimulant.

OXYSEPSIN-

An oxidised toxiiK prepared by cultiyation from a culture of the tubercle bacillus obtained
from a case where high fever persisted. It is used in cases where, with tuberculosis, there is an
infection due to some of the various kinds of cocci. It is employed simultaneously with oxy-
tuberculin (vide), and may be injected in large quantities (up to 60 Gc.) without deleterious
results.

OXY-SPARTEIN. CijHaiNjO.

This is an oxidation product of spartein (o. v.), and occurs in colorless, hygroscopic
crystals, melting at 83° C. (181.4° F.), and soluble m the usual solvents. It is employed subcu-
taneously as a heart stimulant ; it, however, lowers the pulse at the same time. Dose is 0.04 6m.
(} ^r.), gradually increasing to 0.1 Gm. {\ gr.). The hydroehlorid melts between 48° and 50° G.
(118.4°-122° F.). This alkaloid is incompatible (therapeutically) with opiates.

OXY-SPARTEIN HYDROCHLORID. Ci6Ha4N20.2HGl.

Used in narcosis to avoid heart complications. Given in doses of 0.03-0.04 Gm., subcu-
taneously, one hour before the operation.

OXY-TUBERCULIN.

A tuberculin prepared by cultivation from a highly virulent bacillus, and changed by
oxidation. Its advantages are claimed to be that it may be given in large doses (20 Gc. daily)
without causing disturbances.

OZALIN.

A disinfectant, said to consist of a mixture of calcium, magnesium, and iron sulfates, with
caustic soda and magnesia.

OZONE-ETHER.

A mixture of ether with alcohol and hydrogen peroxid. Used internally in diabetes and
whooping-cough ; locally as antiseptic in scarlet fever. Dose, 2-4 Gm., three times daily.

PALPEBRINE.

A mixture of boric acid, zinc sulfate, corrosive sublimate, and glycerin. An antiseptic for
external diseases of the eye, especially conjunctivitis.

PANCREADEN.

A'preparation recommended for diabetes mellitus ; made from the pancreas. Dose, 10-15 Gm.
(4-6 drachms) daily.

PANGADUINE. ^

Name proposed for the collective basic principles of cod-liver oil. A crystalline solid
soluble in alcohol and in a mixture of water and glycerin.

PAPAIN. Synonyms : Papayotin; Plant Pepsin ; Papoid.

The concentrated active principle of the juice of the unripe fruit of Carica papaya. The
juice is concentrated in vacuo, and the ferment is precipitated by the addition of alcohol. Papain
forms an amorphous, white, hygroscopic powder, soluble in water and glycerin only. Employed
as a digestive ferment ; like animal ferments (pepsin], it digests albuminous substances, possess-
ing the advantage of being active in either acid, alkaline, or neutral solutions. Dose, 0.12-0.5Gni.
(2-8 gr. ) after meals. Applied as a 5 per cent, solution (in equal parts of glycerin and water) it
is used to dissolve the false membranes of croup and diphtheria.

PAPAYOTIN. See Papain.

PAPIN.

Stated to be *' catechn-oxychinol-dextrin-glycerate." (?) Probably a glycerol containing
catechu, quinin, and dextrin.

PARA-ACET-AMIDO-PHENETOL. See Phenacetin.

PARA-ACET-ANISIDIN. See Methacetin.

PARA-ACETO-PHENOL-ETHYL-CARBONATE.

A crystalline, colorless, and tasteless powder, soluble in alcohol and insoluble in water. It
is recommended as antithermic, analgesic, and hypnotic, in doses of 0.5 Gm. (8 gr.).

PARA-ACET-PHENETIDIN. See Phenacetin.
PARA-ALLYL-PHENYL-METHYL ETHER. SeeAnethol.

PARA-AMIDO-META-OXY-BENZOIC ACID METHYL ESTER. See

Orthoform.

PARA-BROM-ACETANILID. See Antisepein.

102 THE NEWER REMEDIES,

PARA-CHLORALOSE. G8H„C1,0«.

Colorless, iridescent plates, insoluble in cold water, sparingly soluble in hot water, easilj
soluble in hot alcohol and ether.

PARA-CHLORO-PHENOL. CflH4(Cl)OH[1.4].

A crystalliue substitution product of phenol. Fusing-point is 4I0P C. and boiling-point
217^ G. ; it is soluble in alcohol, ether, and fatty oils, almost insoluble in water. Karpow rec*
ommends this as a powerful antiseptic and disinfectant, only exceeded in intensity by silver
nitrate and mercuric chlorid. It has been successfully employed in treatment of erysipelas in a
2-3 per cent, vaselln ointment.

PARA-CHLORO-PHENOL PASTE.

A remedy employed in lupus. Said to be composed of equal parts of lanolin, yaselin,
starch, and paraKihlor-phenol.

PARA-CHLORO-8ALOL.

Recommended as superior to salol as a disinfectant, without poesessing any of its secondary
toxic properties.

PARACOTOIN. CVHuO,.

A principle which occurs, along with several others, in the para coto bark. It forms a

Eale yellow, tasteless, crystalline powder, melting at 152° C. (305.6° F.), almost insoluble in water,
ut readily solHble in alcohol. Employed in intestinal catarrh and as an anti-dlarrheic, the dose
being 0. 1-0.2 Gm. ( 1.6-3 gr. ) for children.

PARA-CRESOL. See under Cresol.
PARA-CRESOTINIC ACID. See Cresotlnic Acid.
PARA-CRESOTINIC PHENYL ESTER. See Methyl Salol.
PARA-DI-ETHOXY-ETHENYL-DIPHENYL-AMIDIN. See Holococain.
PARA-DIPHENOL. See Hydroquinon.
PARA-ETHOXY-PHENYL-URETHANE. See Thermodin.

PARAFORM. (H.C0H)8. Synonyms: Paraform-aldehyd ; Triformol; Trioxymethylene.

A white, crystalline solid ; a polymeric formaldehyd. Recommended as intestinal anti-
septic in diarrhea, cholera nostras, phthisis, etc. Dose, 0.6-1 6m. (8-15 gr.). Used externally as
surgical antiseptic.

PARAHEMAGLOBIN.

A preparation made firom blood and containing 5 per cent, of iron.

PARA-IODO-ANA-OXY-QUINOLIN-ORTHO-SULFONATE. See

Lorenit.

PARAL.

A new toilet cream, prepared by fusing together lanolin and paraffin. Admixture with
paraffin renders lanolin capable of taking up much more water than it would otherwise, the
amount of water in this preparation being 50 per cent. It is said to keep a long time without
becoming rancid.

PARA-MONO-CHLORO-PHENOL. See under Chlorphenol.

PARA-NITRO-PHENOL.

Colorless and odorless needles, recommended as antiseptic.

PARA-OXY-ETHYL-ACETANILID- See Phenacetin.
PARA-OXY-METHYL-ACETANILID. See MethaceUn.
PARA-PHENETOL-CARBAMID. SeeSucrol.
PARA-PHENYL-THIONATE OF MERCURY. See Hydrargyrol.

PARAPLASTE.

A plaster mass containing rubber, adeps lanse, resin, and dammar resin, which has been
spread upon gauze. This mass can be medicated to the extent of from 40-65 per cent.

PARATALOID. See Tuberculin.

PARA-TOLYL-DIMETHYL-PYRAZOLON. See Tolypyrin.

PARODYN. See Antipyrine.

PARTHENIN.

With inodorous crystals, of bitter taste, insoluble in cold water, easily soluble in hot water,
alcohol, ether, and chloroform. Recommended as substitute for quinin, also for malaria and
neuralgia. Dose, for malaria, 1 Gm. (16 gr.) ; for neuralgia, 0.06 Gm. {% gr.).

PASTA CERATA (Schleich). Synonym: Ceral.

A vehicle for external application of medicaments and consisting of wax, potash, and
water.

PASTE, PEPTON. See Pepton-paste.

THE NEWER REMEDIES. 103

PASTE, SERUM. See Scrum Paste.

PASTE, SULFURIC ACID. See Sulfuric Acid Paste.

PAUCINE.

Yellow plates, soluble iu water and alcohol, insoluble in ether and chloroform.

PEDICULIN.

A preparation intended for the extermination of insects, consisting, according to "Ph.
Ztg.," of 65 per cent, of limestone and 35 per cent, of crude napthalin.

PELAQIN.

A proprietary remedy for sea-sickness, said to be a solution of antipyrine, caffein, and
cocain.

PELLETIERIN. (PUNICIN.) CsHijNO.

One of several alkaloids obtained from the root-bark of Puniea granatum. It is a colorless
liquid, soluble in 20 parts of water, readilv in all proportions in alcohol and ether. With acids it
unites to form crystalline salts, among which the tannaU is most frequently employed.

HYDROBROMID. A brownish fluid, soluble in water and alcohol. Used for muscular
paralysis of the eye. Dose, 0.25-0.4 6m. (4-6 gr. ).

HYDROCHLORID. A brownish salt, soluble in water. Employed as teniafuge in doses
of 0.3-0.6 Gm. (4>^-8 gr.).

NITRATE. A brown, deliquescent mass.

TANNA TE. A yellowish, tasteless, amorphous powder, insoluble in water, soluble in 80
parts of alcohol, and readily in diluted acids. Prompt and innocuous teniacide in doaes of 1.5
Gm. (23 gr.) followed by a purgative.

PELLOTIN. (CuHi^Og).

An alkaloid prepared from the AnhaXonium vnlliamsii. Used as hypnotic in doses of 0.06
Gm., subcutaneousiy in doses of 0.02-0.04 Gm. The hydrochlorid is generally preferred to the
base.

PELOSIN. SeeBebeerin.

PENTAL. (CHt)iC:CH.CHa. Synonyms: Tri-methyl-ethylene ; Iso-amylene.

This hydrocarbon is prepared by distilling fusel-oil with zinc chlorid, and then treatmg
the distillHte (amylene) with concentrated sulfuric acid. Pental is a colorless liquid of sp. gr.
0.6788 {Q° C), boiling at 38^ G. (100.4° F.), insoluble in water, miscible with alcohol (9 per cent.),
ether, and chloroform in all proportions. Employed as anesthetic in dental surgery— 10-12 Cc.
being sufficient. «

PENTYLENE. See Hydramyl.

PEPSIN, PLANT. See Papain.

PEPTO-MEDULLIN, PEPTO-THYROIDIN, and PEPTO-OVARIN.

These remedies are prepared by G. Maurange from bone-marrow, thyroid elands, and
ovaries respectively, and contain the active constituents of theoreans in peptonised form. They
keep indefinitely, either dry or in form of syrupy fluids, prepared with equal parts of alcohol and
glycerin. A large number of observations have shown that these preparations are fiilly as effi-
cient as the fresn organs and that they are free from the undesirable side eflfects frequently
noticed with similar preparations. A peptothyroidin wine is directed to be made as follows :
One hundred Gm. of finely divided thyroia gland are digested, during 6 to 8 hours, at a tempera-
ture not exceeding 40° G. (104° F.), with 500 Cc. of water, in which 2 Gm. of pepsin and 16 Gm.
^ of tartaric acid are dissolved. When peptonization is judged to be complete, a few drops of nitric
acid are added to a small filtered sample, and should cause no precipitate. The mixture is then
filtered, carefully neutralized with sodium bicarbonate, again filtered, and evaporated to a
sjynipy consistency at a temperature not exceeding 46° C. (113° F.), in a vacuum. To the pro-
duct 7.6 liters of wine, containing at least 10 per cent, of alcohol, are added, and the solution
filtered after standing a few days.

PEPTONATE OF MERCURY. See Mercury Peptonate.

PEPTON-PASTE.

Recommended as a substitute for collodion in securing gauzes or bandages to the skin, free
from any irritating or contractile properties. The dried, varnish-like cuticle may be removed by
washing with water.

PEREIRIN.

An alkaloid obtained from the bark of GeUsotj^ermum Ictve. by exhausting with boiling
alcohol, evaporating to an extract, and treating the residue with soaa and ether. Forms a white,
amorphous powder, slightly soluble in water, readily soluble in alcohol and ether. With acids it
yields crystallizable soluble salts ; among those usually employed are the hydrochlorid and valeri-
anate. Pereirin is recommended as a tonic and antifebrile, 0.5^2 Gm. (8-30 gr.) being adminis-
tered about four hours before the expected attack.

PEREZON. See Pipitzahoinlc Acid.

PERIPLOCIN. CaoH480ifr

A crystalline elucosid prepared from Periploea groeea It melts at 205° C, is fioluble in
alcohol, and insoluble in ether. In physiologic action it resembles digitalin and strophanthin.

PERONIN. CeH5CH2.0.(OH).C,7H„NO.HCl. (D. R. P. Merck.)

The hydrochlorid of the benzyl ether of morphin. It forms a white powder, readily soluble

104 THE NEWER REMEDIES.

in water, insoluble in alcohol. Therapeutically, the action of peronin is between that of morphin
and codein (methyl ether of morphia). Used in coughs and in rheumatic aud neuralgic pains,
being almost free from the by-effeots of morphin. .Dose, %-l gr. Compare Dionin.

PEROXOLES.

Combinations of a 8 per cent, solution of hydrogen peroxid with the well-known antiseptics
menthol, camphor, and napthol, known as menthoxol, camphoroxol, and napthoxol. These are
used in 10 per cent, solutions as antiseptics and deodorants.

PERTUSSIN.

Stated to be a saccharated extract of thyme, used in whooping-cough.

PERU-COGNAC.

Stated to be a solution of the active constituents of balsam of Peru in cognac, the stomach-
disturbing, but otherwise inert, resins being excluded. It represents 25 6m. of balsam per liter,
and is given, a tablespoonful in a glass of milk every two hours, in tuberculosis of the lungs and
of the intestines.

PETROSULFOL.

The name given by a German firm to a product closely resembling ichthyol, but with a less
disagreeable odor. The therapeutic claims made for it are identical with those made for
ichthyol.

PHASELIN.

A proprietary surgical antiseptic and absorptive, stimulant, and digestive.

PHEDURETIN.

A phenol derivative ; composition not given ; tasteless white crystals, insoluble in water.
Dose of 0.5-1 (im. a powerful diuretic.

PHENACETIN. ^•^*<N&5!h8CO* ^^^^V^' Para-acet-phenetidin ; Para-acet-

amido-phenetol ; Para-ox^ethyl-acetanilid ; Phenetidin ; Phenedin ; Phenin. (D. R. P. Bayer.)

This compound, which chemically is closely connected with acetanilid and methacetiu, is
prepared as follows :

Sodium paniF-nitrophenol (which is prepared by the action of nitric acid on phenol and
subseauent treatment of the product [para] with sodium hydrate) is ethylated by heating with
ethyl bromid under pressure ; this product (pararuitrophenetol) is reduced by nascent hydrogen

to para-amidophenetol (CiH4<^g^*V which, by prolonged boiling with glacial acetic acid,

yields phenacetin. C«H4(OC«H6).Nks -^ CHgCOOH = HjO + C6H4(OCaHg)NH.CH«CO. This
forms colorless, tasteless, inodorous, scaly crystals, melting at 135° C. f275<^ F.), soluble in 1500
parts of cold, and 80 parts of boiling, water, and in about 16 parts of alcohol. Employed as an
antipyretic and antineuralgic in doses of 0.5-1 Gm. (8-15 gr.). Decomposed by strong alkalies
or acids. Additions of aoetanilid cause a lowering of the melting-point of phenacetin. If 1
Gm. of the sample of phenacetin is boiled some minutes with 100 Cc. of water, and the solution,
after cooling and filtering, treated with bromin water, with even 1 per cent, of acetanilid, a
turbidity is formed and crystals of brom-aoetanilid separate. See " Jour. Soc. Chem. Ind.," 1895,
pp. 77-852.

As test of identity for phenacetin, boil 0.2 Gm. for one minute with 2 Cc. of 25 per cent,
muriatic acid, dilute with 10 Cc. of water, and add a few drops of a 3 per cent, solution of chromic
acid; a ruby-red color is produced. Para-phenetidin derivatives, differing from phenacetin in
that the acetyl rest is replaced by various other acid rests, are pfienoeoll, lactophenin, saliphen,
iriphenin^ apolysin, citrophen, kyrofin, phesin^ amygdophenin^anillin-phenetidin, etc. These will
be found under their respective headings.

ETHYh-PHENACETIN. CflH4(OC2H6)N(C2HR)CH8CO, a homologue of the abovrf
methyl-compound, is prepared in like manner by tne action of ethyl iodid on phenacetin-
sodium. This forms a yellow colored oil, boiling at 330<»-335° C. (626°-636° F.), almost insoluble
in water, readily so in alcohol and ether. Possesses hypnotic properties, but to a less degree than
the above methyl derivative.

FORMYL-PHENETIDTN, or PARA-OXYETHYL-FORMANILID, CeH4fOC2H6)NH.-
COH, is prepared by heating a mixture of hydrochlorid of para-phenetidin, anhydrous sodium
formate, and formic acid, the reaction-product being crystallized from water. Colorless, in-
odorous, tasteless crystals, melting at 60° C. (140<* F.), slightly soluble in cold water, readily
in hot water, alcohol, and ether. Recommended as an antiseptic.

lODO-PHENIN, or lODO-PHENACETIN, C20H56I3N2O4, is a derivative of phenacetin,
obtained by the combination of two molecules of the latter with three molecules of ioain. Phen-
acetin is dissolved in glacial acetic acid, then diluted with water and hydrochloric acid ;'to this
is added an aqueous solution of iodin in potassium iodid until no further precipitation occurs.
If the operation is carried on in a hot solution, iodophenin is obtained in brown needle-like crys-
tals, which have an odor resembling that of iodin, melting at 130°-131° C. (266°-267.8° F.), solu-
ble in alcohol, and when mixed or heated with water iodin is liberated. This compound contains
iodin (25 per cent.) in a very loose state of combination ; hence it is not adapted to internal use
because of its irritating properties.

LACTOPHENIN, or LACTYL-PHENETIDIN (CflH4(OC2H6).NH.CO-CH(OH)CH8),i8
produced by the action of lactic acid on phenetidin in presence of dehydrating agents. It
forms a crystalline powder of bitter taste, more soluble than phenacetin (1:500), melts at
117.5° C, and is employed as an antipyretic and sedative in doses of 0.5-1 Gm. (8-15 gr.). (D.
R. P. Boehringer.)

METHYL-PHENACETIN, C«H4(OC2H5)N(CH3)CH8CO, is prepared by the action of
methyl iodid on phenacetin-sodium, the latter resulting from the action of metallic sodium on a
solution of phenacetin in boiling xylol. This salt forms colorless crystals, melting at 40° C.
(104° F.), only slightly soluble in water, but readily so in alcohol. Employed as a hypnotic.

THE NEWER REMEDIES. 105

8EDATIN. or VALERYL-PHENETIDIN (C6H4(OC2H*)NH.C4H,CO), is obtained b^
the action of valeric acid on p-amido-phenetol. Becommended as an antipyretic and anti-
>neuralgic. The selection of the term '* sedatin " is unfortunate, since this was formerly applied
as a synonym for antipyriue.

PHENACYLIDIN. CA(OC8H6)NH.CH,CO.C5«H6-

A new antipyretic, recommended by Schmidt, particularly for animals. It is produced by
the condensation of bromo-aceto-phenone and para-phenetidin, forming a powder insoluble in
water.

PHENALGENE.

A proprietary combination containing acetanilid, sodium bicarbonate, etc. Recommende<l
as analgesic. i

PHENAMIN.

A name improperly applied to phenocoU.

PHENANTIPYRINE.

An antipyretic used for typhoid, pneumonia, and rheumatism.

PHENATOL.

Said to be a mixture of acetanilid, caffein, sodium bicarbonate, carbonate, sulfate, and
chlorid. Recommended as an antipyretic and anodyne.

PHENATROCIN.

A proprietary antiseptic and analgesic.

PHENAZONE. See Antipyrine.
PHENEDIN. See Pbenacetin.
PHENESOL. SeePhenosaL

PHENETIDIN. See under Phenaoetin.

PHENETIDYL-CROTONIC-ETHYL-ESTER.

This compound is formed by mixing molecular quantities of para-phenetidin (GeHtOGs-
H5NH2) and aceto-aoetic ester (GH8.CO.Clls.COjeC9H6) ; the mixture becomes turbid and quite
warm, with the separation of water. By recrystalliEation from alcohol, the substance forms glossy
white, needle-like crystals, which melt at 63^ C. (127.4^ F.), insoluble in water, readily soluble
in alcohol and ether. Notning is known concerning the medicinal properties of this substance,
as it is still in the experimental stage.

PHENETOL-CARBAMID. SeeDulcin.

P HEN IN. See Phenacetin.

PHENO-BROMATE.

A proprietary analgesic and antiseptic.

PHENOCOLL HYDROCHLORID. C<jH4<g§^»^(,jj j^^^ g^,, Si^onym* ; Amido-

aceto-parap-phenetidin-hydrochlorid ; GlycocoU-para-phenetidin Hydrochlorid. (D. R. P. Scher-
ing.)

The base phenocoU is prepared by interaction between amido-acetic-acid ester and pheneti-
din [Gl5H4(OG«H6)(NH2)] or by the action of chloracetylchlorid on phenetidin, and subsequent
treatment of the result&g mouo-chlor-aoet-para-phenetidin with ammonia. This base unites with
acids, forming salts. PhenocoU hydrochlorid forms colorless needles, or a crystalline powder,
soluble in 16 parts of water, but the base phenocoU is precipitated upon the addition of alkalies.
Because of its greater solubility and freedom from the unpleasant after-effects which sometimes
accompany phenacetin, it has become quite popular. Employed as an antipyretic, antirheu-
matic, and antineuralgic, in doses of 0.3-1 Gm. (5-15 gr.). Has been recommended as a specific in
malarial complaints, also as an antiseptic in treatment of wounds, sores, etc., either in form of

gowder, 5 per cent, solutions, 10-20 percent, gauze, or ointment (10-20 per cent). Decomposed
y alkali hydrates or carbonates ; also by piperazin.

PHENOCOLL G4i250A'^rJS',[CeH4(OC8H5)NH.CO-CH2NH2]2COa, is a colorless, almost
tasteless, crystalline powder, which is quite insoluble in water. When heated to 65° C, carbonic
acid is given off. Employed like the above, but particularly adapted as an antiseptic powder.

PHENOCOLL ACETATE forms bulky, crystalline needles, which are soluble in 3 parts
of water. This salt is adapted to subcutaneous injections.

8AL0C0LL, or PHENOCOLL SALICYLATE, is a crystalline salt which is less soluble
than the hydrochlorid, combining the medicinal effects of phenocoU with those of salicylic acid.
Employed as an antipyretic and antirheumatic in doses of 1-2 Gm. (15-30 gr.).

PHENOL. (CARBOLIC ACID.)

PHENOL CAMPHOR. Spnonym: Camphor, Phenylated.

Crystallized carbolic acid is liquefied by heat, and in this is dissolved an equal quantity of
camphor ; another formula directs three times the quantity of camphor : still another directs 4
parts of camphor, 12 parts of carbolic acid, and 1 part of water. This pnenylated camphor is an
oily, colorless liquid, which is insoluble in water, very soluble in alcohol, ether,^ chloroform, fatty
and volatile oils. It is employed as an antiseptic, germicide, and local anesthetic (particularly in
toothache). *

106 THE NEWER REMEDIES,

PHENOL DI-IODID. %nonym ; Di-iodo-phenol lodid.

Prepared by mixing Bolutioiis of sodium phenol and iodo-potaraium iodid. The precinitote
formed is washed and dried. A violet-red, odorless powder, insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol
and ether. Recommended as substitute for aristol.

PHENOL, MONO-BROMO. CeH4Br.0H. Synonym: Ortho-mono-bromo-phenol.

An oily, ▼ioletHX>lored liquid, of strong odor, soluble in ether, in 100 parts of water, boils
at 196° G. Used as an antiseptic in 1-2 per cent, solutions or applications.

PHENOL, MONO-CHLORO. CeH4C1.0H. (2:1.) <%nonym ; Orthomono-chloro-phenol.
Obtained by the action of chlorin on amido-phenol. It forms a colorless fluid, soluble in
alcohol Used as an antiseptic, usually with petrolatum, in akiu diseases.

PHENOL, MONO-CHLORO. G6H4CI.OH. (4:1.) iSynonj^ ; Para-mono-chloro-phenol.

This forms crystals, soluble in alkalies, ether, slightly in water, melting at 37° C, boiling at
217° C. Properties antiseptic. Used externally in syphilitic diseases of the eyes and tuberculous
diseases of the throat in &-20per cent, solution in glycerin. In lupus it is applied heated to 40° C,
using afterward a 25 per cent, ointment ; after twelre hours this paste is removed and salicylated
ointment substituted.

PHENOL and SODIUM RICINATE.

A vellowish fluid containing 20 per cent, synthetic carbolic acid and 80 per cent, sodium
sulfo-ricinate. An antiseptic andrubifacient, used in 20 per cent, aqueous solution for painting
false diphtheritic membranes, in skin diseases, etc.

PHENOL SULFO-RICINATE.

Prepared by dissolving chemically pure phenol in sulfo-ricinic acid. A yellowish liquid of
ethereal odor, soluble in water and alcohol. Employed for tuberculous affections of the throat
and nose, in 20-30 per cent, solutions.

PHENOLID.

Stated to be a mixture of acetanilid and sodium salicylate or sodium bicarbonate. Dose,
0.3-0.6 Gm. (&-10 gr.).

PHENOLIN. (KRESAPOL.) See under Cresol.

PHENOL-TRI-CHLORID. See Chloro-phenol (Tri).

PHENOPYRINE.

Prepared from equal parts of phenol and antlpyrine. It is an oily, colorless fluid, free
from odor, insoluble in cold water.

PHENOSAL.

The name given to aceto-salicylate of phenetidin. The compound forms colorless needles
or plates, which have an acid taste and are only sparingly soluble in water. When administered,
it IS decomposed in the digestive tract, yielding 57 per cent, of phenetidin and 34 per cent. 01
salicylic acid. It is antipyretic in its action. See also Pyrosal.

PHENOSALYL.

Stated to be obtained by fusing together 8 6m. of phenol, 1 Gm. of salicylic acid, and 2 Gm.
of lactic acid, adding at last 0.1 Gm. of menthol.

P H E N OS U CC I N . CeH4(OC2H6)N(COCHj)j. Synonym : Pyrantin.

A para-ethoxy-phenyl-succinimid, obtained by the action of succinic acid on para-amido-
phenol. Occurs in colorless needles, which melt at 155° C. (811° F.), insoluble in cold water.
Kecommended as antipyretic and antineuralgic ; daily dose being 1-3 Gm. (15-45 gr.). The
sodium salt (sodium pheno-euccinate) is to be preferred.

PHEN-OXY-CAFFEIN. C8H»(OC«H8)N402.

A white, crystalline powder, soluble in alcohol, melting at 142° C. Used as an anesthetic*
antineuralgic, and narcotic, in doses of 0.26 Gm. (4 gr.).

PHENYL-ACETIC ACID. C6H5.CHj.COOH. iSi^nonym ; Alpha^toluic Acid.

Obtained by boiling benzyl cyanid with potassium hydrate solution. Forms white, glassy
scales, of burning aromatic taste, soluble in hot water and alcohol, melting at 76.5° C. (170° F.).
Used in lung tuberculosis in doses of 0.05-0.15 Gm. in cod-liver oil ; in typhus, in daily doses of
2-«Gm.

PHENYL-ACRYLIC ACID. See Cinnamic Acid.

PHENYL-BORIC ACID. See Borophenylic Acid.

PHENYLCHINALDIN. C»Hfl(CflH6N).

Prepared by the action of hydrochloric acid on a mixture of anilin, acetophenon, and aide-
hyd. The bydrochlorid forms colorless, easily soluble crystals. Recommended for malaria, in
doses of 0.1-0.2 Gm. {1%S gr.).

PHENYL-DI-HYDRO-CHINAZOLINE. SeeOrexin.

PHENYL.-DI-METHYL-PYRAZOLON. See Antipyrine.

PHENYL-ETHYLENE. SeeStyrol.

PHENYL-HYDRAZIN-ACETYL-ETHYL. See Acetyl-ethyl-phenylhydrazin.

PHENYL-HYDRAZIN-LiEVULINIC ACID. See Antithermin.

THE NEWER REMEDIES, 107

PHENYL-METHANE. (DIPHENYL-METHANE.) CIIaCCftHg),.

Phenyl methane is an incorrect trade name for di-phenyl methane. Forms crystals
having the odor of orange, soluble in alcohol, ether, and chloroform, melts between 26° and 27° C.
Recommended as antipyretic and analgesic. Dose, 0.5 Gm. (8 gr.) in wine.

PHENYLON. See Antipyrine.

PHENYL-PROPIONIC ACID (Beta). C«H6.CH2.CH8.COOH. Synonym: Hydro-cin-
namic Acid.

Obtained by the reduction of cinnamic acid bv means of sodium amalgam. It occurs in
colorless crystals, slightly soluble in cold, but very soluble in hot water and alcohol. Melting-
point is 47.6° C. (117.5° F.). ,..,. .. ^. .«.

Hvdrocinnamic acid is employed in the treatment of phthisis, the dose being 10 drops of
the alcoholic solution (1 + 6).

PHENYL SALICYLATE. See Salol.

PH EN YL-SALIC YLIC ACI D. C6H8(OH)(C«H6) COOH. Synonym : Ortho-oxydi-phenyl-
carboxylic Acid.

This occurs as a white powder, only slightly soluble in water, more soluble in alcohol and
glycerin. Phenyl-salicylic acid is employed as an antiseptic dusting-powder.

PHENYL-URETHANE, C6H,(O.C2H5)(S03Na).NH.CO.CHa. SceEuphorin.

P H ESIN (Hoffmann, LaRoche & Co.). C8H8.0.CjH6S08Na.NH.CO.CH8.

A sulfo-derivative of phenacetin. Used as an antipyretic. A pale reddish-brown, light,
amorphous, odorless powder, having a mildly caustic and saline taste. Easily soluble in water.
Dose same as phenacetin.

PHILOPAIDIA.

A proprietary diphtheria remedy.

PHLORIDZIN. C5tiH840io.2H80.

White, iridescent, or silky needles, of bitter-sweet taste, sparingly soluble in water, easily
soluble in alcohol. Employed in intermittent fever. Dose, 1-10 Gm. (15-150 gr.) a day.

PHCENIXIN. ecu.

Another name for Carbon-tetrachlorid, a non-inflammable liquid solvent.

PHOSOTE and TAPHOSOTE.

Combinations of creosote and phosphoric acid. Phosote is claimed to be the best form of
administering creosote, being completely absorbed by the intestines. It is a syrupy, colorless
liquid almost entirely free from the odor and taste of creosote, of the specific gravity 1.20 to 1.25,
and containing about 80 per cent, of creosote and 20 per cent, of phosphoric anhydrid. Its dose
is a dessertspoonful daily. Taphosote is a similar liquid, of grayish color, being a compound of
tannin, creosote, and phosphoric acid. It has been found very useful in treating diarrhea of
tuberculosis.

PH08PHAG0N.

A proprietary elixir, containing the glycero-phosphates of the alkalies.

PHOSPHATOL.

Prepared by the action of phosphorus trichlorid on creosote in an alcoholic solution of
soda It has a composition analogous to guaiacol phosphate. A thick, reddish-yellow liquid,
containing 90 per cent, of creosote, which boils at 140° C; possesses a burning taste, and is but
slightly soiubie in water, however readily so in alcohol and the oils. Best administered in pill
form or dissolved in wine.

PHOSPHERGOT.

Generic name given to a mixture of sodium phosphate and ergot, recommended in general
debility It appears in the following three modifications : The variety intended to be taken as a
mixture (in sweetened water) conUins 1.5 Gm. (23 gr.) of sodium phosphate and 1 Gm. (15 gr.)
of powdered ergot : this quantity constituting a daily dose. In the case of phorohergot powder,
each dose represents 0.25 Gm. (3% gr.) each of dried sodium phosphate and powdered ergot ; and
this dose is intended to be taken in the morning on an empty stomach. For piHs, the following
proportions are used : Dried sodium phosphate and extract of ergot, of each 2 Gm.(31 gr.); make
into 20 pills. Two to four pills to be taken daily.

PHOSPHERRIN.

A mixture of ferric chlorid, phosphoric acid, and glycerin.

PHOSPHO-CEREAL.

A dietetic suitable for ingesting phosphates in vegetable form.

PHOTOXYLIN. .^ ^ , „^^ ^^

This is a nitrocellulose prepared by the action of nitric acid on wood-wool. When dis-
solved in a mixture of ether and alcohol (equal parts) a preparation very similar to collodion is
obtoined. A 3-6 per cent, solution of photoxylin forms a thick liquid, which leaves on evapora-
tion a much stronger film than collodion.

PHTHISINa

This is a preparation obtained from the substance of the bronchial gland, and is recom-
mended in all lung affections. It is made intx) tablets, each of which contains 0.25 Gm. of the
remedy and 0.5 Gm. of vanilla chocolate to make it palatoble.

108 THE NEWER REMEDIES.

PHYLLYRIN. C„H,40i,.

Silvery scales, easily soluble in alcohol, sparingly soluble in water, ether, and chloroform.
Recommended for intermittent fever.

PICROADONIDIN.

An amorphous powder, of bitter taste, soluble in water and alcohol. Diuretic and tonic

PICROL. C«Hl9(0H)aS0sK. Synonym: Di-iodo-resorcin-monosulfonate of Potassium.

Obtained oy the action of a solution of hydriodic aud iodic acids on resorciu-mono-sulfon-
ate of potassium. It forms a colorless, inodorous^ yery bitter, crystalline powder, which is soluble
in water, glycerin, ether, and collodion. Contains 52 per cent, of iodin, and is offered as a sub-
stitute for iodoform, its antiseptic powers being equivalent to those of corrosive sublimate.

PICROPODOPHYLLIN.

A crystalline principle obtained from the rhizome of Podophyllum peltatum. It is claimed
to be the active principle of podophyllotoxin.

PICROPYRINE.

Prepared from picric acid and antipyrine. Yellow, readily inflammable needles. Uses not
known.

PILAGENE.

A remedy for sea-sickness.

PILIN.

A 60 per cent, alcohol, stained red and perfumed, which contains benzoic acid. Used as
cosmetic.

PILULVE ROBORANTES.

Prepared from beef blood and beef juice. They contain in three piUs the salts of 2 Gm. of
blood and 1 Gm. of meat. They have been used with success in acute and chronic anemia and
chlorosis.

PIMPINELLIN.

A bitter principle obtained from the root of Pimpinella taxifraga as a crystallizable, nitro-

f en-free substance, melting at 97® C. It has been prepared in colorless needles, melting at 106°.
t dissolves in sulfuric acid with a green color, and is easily soluble iu a dilute potash solution
with aid of heat.

PINAPIN.

A fermented pineapple juice. Recommended in treatment of catarrh of the stomach ; also
in nasal catarrh ; in the latter case, pinapin is applied as a spray.

PINCOLINE.

A proprietary, non-poisonous disinfectant and antiseptic.

PINOL.

The volatile oil prepared from the needles of Piniu pumilio.

PIPERAZIDIN. See Piperazin.

PIPERAZIN. NH-(CH2)4-NH. Synonyms: Diethylene-diamin ; JEthylen-imin ; Piper-
azidin ; Dispermin (Spermin). (D. P. R. Sobering.)

By the interaction between ethylene bromid and anilin in the presence of a solution of
potassium hydrate, di-phenyl-piperazin is formed; this is converted into piperazin by subse-
quent treatment with nitric or sulphuric acid and distillation of the resulting product with alka-
lies. Piperazin forms white, deliquescent scales, which melt at 104^-107° C. (219.2-224.6° F.);
boils at 145° C. (293° F.), and is very soluble in water. Because of its property of uniting with
uric acid and forming a soluble compound, it is employed as a remedy in treatment of uremia,
rheumatism, and gout. Dose, 1 Gm. (15 gr.), dissolved in about 1 pint of carbonated water.
Sometimes given together with phenocoU, when about 1 Gm. of each is dissolved in a pint of
carbonated water, and the two solutions mixed.

PIPERIDIN GUAIACOLATE. (CgHnN. CrHgOj).

Obtained by the action of piperidin on g^aiacol dissolved in benzol. Crystals soluble in
water, decomposed by acids or alkalies. Used in phthisis in doses of 0.4-1.5 Gm. three times daily.

PIPERIDIN URATE.

Used as uric acid solvent.

PIPERIN. CitHijNOs. ^

An alkaloid which occurs in the fruits of Piper nigrum^ Schintu mollii, etc. Obtained syn-
thetically by heating solutions of piperidin and piperic acid in benzol. Forms colorless, almost
tasteless, monoclinic prisms, which melt at 128°-129° C. (262.4°-264.2° F.), slightly soluble in
water and soluble in 30 parts of cold alcohol. Piperin which is contaminated with resin pos-
sesses a more or less pungent taste. Employed as antiperiodic and antipyretic in doses of 0.06-
0.64 Gm. (1-10 gr.).

PIPERONAL, or HELIOTROPIN. C6H8(COOH)(0)CH2. Synonym: Methylene Ether
of Protocatechuic Aldehyd.

Piperin is converted into potassium piperate by boiling with its equal weight of potassium
hydrate and 5 parts of alcohol in a flask with inverted condenser' on cooling, the crystalline
mass that separates is washed with alcohol and crystallized from boiling water. One part of
potassium piperate is dissolved in 50 parts of hot water, adding slowly, in portions, an aqueous
solution of 2 parts of potassium permanganate, shaking constantly ; a soft mass separates, which is

THE NEWER REMEDIES. 109

strained off and washed with water until free from heliotrope odor. The mixed liquids are dis-
tilled^ collecting the first distillate separately, because of the presence of the greater portion of
the pi|)eronal, which crystallizes out on exposure to cold, while from the latter and wealcer dis-
tillate it is removed by agitating with ether. Piperonal forms small white crystals, soluble in
alcohol and ether, insoluole in cold water. Employed as an antiseptic and antipyretic in doses
of 0.5-1 Gm. (8-15 gr.). Because of its heliotrope odor it is employed largely in perfumery.

PIPEROVATIN. (CieHaNOs).

A crystalline substance obtained from Piperovatum. It is insoluble in water, dilute acids,
and alkalies, soluble in alcohol. Piperovatin acts as a temporary depressant of both motor ana
sensory nerves, and also as a heart poison. It produces a powerful stimulant effect on the spinal
cord, causing a tonic spasm resemoling that of strychnin. It therefore seems likely to be of
service in therapeutics.

P I P I TZ A H O I N I C ACID. Synonyftu : Peren>n ; Aurum Yegetabile.

Golden-yellow, glossy scales, which are readily soluble in alcohol and ether. Used as mild
drastic in doses of 0.2-0.3 Gm.

P I XO L. See under Cresol.

PLASMA NASAL.

Tablets stated to consist of the soluble sodium and potassium salts of the blood, each one
containing 0.006 Gm. of menthol. When dissolved in water, the solution is used for washing
the nasal cavity and throat.

PLASMINS.

Plasmatic cell fluids prepared by Buchner and Hahn from the bacilli of cholera, typhus,
.tuberculosis, etc. Experiments on animals as to the immunizing and remedial power of these
fluids have given encouraging results.

PODOPHYLLOTOXIN.

An amorphous principle obtained from podophyllin (resin) by extraction with chloroform
and precipitation with ether. Forms a white, amorphous powder, soluble in hot water, dilute
alcohol, chloroform, and ether. Podophyllotoxin is the active constituent of the maudnike root
and its resin (podophyllin), the latter containing 20-30 per cent, of podophyllotoxin. This prin-
ciple is a very active cathartic, and should be employed with caution. Dose, 0.001-0.1 Gm.
(A-4gr.).

POLIGANIN.

A yellow, transparent mass, soluble in water, alcohol, and chloroform, insoluble in ether.
Used as antiasthmatic and teniafuge. Dose, 0.01-0.02 Gm. {}^-% gr.).

POLYFORMIN.

Two preparations of this name have been made, a soluble and an insoluble form. Tlie in-
soluble is prepared by dissolving resorcin in aqueous formaldehyd and, without cooling, adding
an excess of ammonia. The prodvict contains a high percentage of formaldehyd and is a power-
ful bactericide. It is an odorless, yellowish-brown, amorphous powder, insoluble in all known
solvents. Soluble polyformin has the composition of di-resorcin-hexamethylene tetramin, and
occurs in colorless crystals, which are decomposed by heating in solution. It is soluble in water
and alcohol, and is used externally for skin diseases, internally as diuretic and antiferment

POLYFORMIN, INSOLUBLE. This compound, which is employed as a substitute for
iodoform, results when polyatomic phenols, or such as possess a condensed benzol-nucleus, are
dissolved in formaldehyd, adding subsequently an excess of ammonia without previously cooling
the solution. The combinations so formed are insoluble, and are rich in formaldehyd. They
possess strong antiseptic properties. If resorcin be employed, the resulting compound is odorless,
of a yellow-brown color, and amorphous. To this, in particular, the name polyformin is applied.

POLYFORMIN, SOLUBLE, or DI-RESORCIN-HEXA- METHYLENE TETRAMIN.
(CieH4(OH)s)s-(CHt)eN4. A combination of two molecules of resorcin with one molecule of hexa-
methylene tetramin. It occurs in the form of handsome white crystals, very soluble in water and
alcohol, but insoluble in ether, benzol, of oils. The reaction must proceed in cold solutions, other-
wise formaldehyd splits off and an insoluble product is obtained. Its therapeutic applications
are externally in cases of skin diseases, and internally as an antiferment and diuretic.

POLYSOLFIN.

A preparation for the laundry, whose effect is stated to depend on the presence of a high
percentage of sulfids and polysulflds, and is recommended for all kinds of clothes; it has been
found to consist entirely of crude soda.

POLYSOLVE- See Polysolvol.

POLYSOLVOL. Synonyms: Solyin ; Sodium or Ammonium Sulfo-ricinate.

A compound prepared by Stroink, which has the property of dissolving phenol, menthol,
salicylic acia, and other substances in large quantity. It is prepared by the treatment of castor
oil with strong sulfuric acid, and subsequently with a solution of sodium chlorid. The free
sulfo-ricinic acid so obtained is carefully neutralized with sodium hydrate. The product is a
thick, clear, light yellow liquid, which must be kept in well-closed bottles. It is insoluble in
water, but forms a permanent white emulsion with it. By warming on a water-bath polysolvol
dissolves 30 per cent, of dry phenol, 25 per cent, of menthol, or 10 per cent, of salicylic acid.

PORCOSAN.

A proprietary remedy used as a preventative of erysipelas.

POTASSIUM SALTS.

Only the most important of the newer preparations are enumerated.

no THE NEWER REMEDIES.

A URO-BROMID. AuBrs.KBr + 2HsO. FomiB pnrple-oolored crysUIa (by tranraiittcd
light), soluble ill water and alcohol, with red-brown color. Recommended as autiieptic. Sub-
cuUneouB doee, 0.008-0.012 Gm.

A URO'CYANID. KAaCUf Forms ooknrleas, rerj soluble crystals, which are employed
subcutaneously.

CANTHARIDATK GioHmKsO« + 2HsO. Obtained by neutraUzins cantharidin with
potassium hydrate and evaporating to dryness. It forms a white, very soluble, crystalline mass,
recommended by Liebreich in form of subcutaneous injections in treatment of tuberculoaib (v.
Cantharidin).

COB ALTO-NITRITE. E«CO*(NO|)it + 2H«0. Minute yellow crystals, which are slightly
soluble in water, insoluble in alcohol. Employed in dyspepsia, cardiac albuminuria, etc. T>ofle
i8 0.0ii2 6m. (>^gr.).

DI-THIO-CARBONATE, K«GOS|» is prepared br interaction between boiling solutions of
carbon disulfid and potassium hrdrata It forms a reddish, deliquescent salt, soluble in alcohol
and water. Employed in skin diseases as 6 per cent, ointment or solution.

OL YCERINO-PHOSPHA TE, A white, deliquescent, vitreous mass, very soluble in water,
forming a colorless, alkaline solution, which is not alTected by warming, but is precipitated by
lead salts and plstiuum chlorid. The salt contains 26-27 per cent, of phosphoric acid. Doee and
uses same as the calcium salt

lODATK See Iodic Aeid.

08MA TE forms a red, soluble, crystalline powder. It is used in combination with bro-
mids in treatment of epilepsy, subcutaneously for neuralgia and goiter. Dose, 0.001 Gm. (^ gr.).

80Z0I0D0L. CftH,Is(OH)SOsK + 2HtO. Forms colorless prisms, which are soluble in 84
parts of water and 200 parts of alcohol. Employed in skin diseases, eitlier as a dusting-powder
(8 per cent.) diluted with talcum, or in ointments (3 per cent.).

SULFO-PHENA TE (Sulfo-carbolate). C«HkKS04 + H,0. Occurs as white, shining crystals,
readily soluble in water. It possesses antiseptic properties, analogous therapeutically to sodium
sulfopnenate.

TELLURA TE. KsTeO^. A white, crystalline salt, soluble in water. Employed in phthisis
for arresting night-sweats.

POWDER, SERUM. See Serum Powder.

PRA80ID.

A solution of globularin and globularetln, of which 100 drops contain 0.136 Gm. of the for-
mer and 0.153 Gm. of the latter. It is used in acute attacks of gout and rheumatism in doses
of 15-20 drops three times daily.

PRESERVALIN.

A preparation recommended for preserving meat and other foods. Consists of sodium
chlorid 9.08, potassium nitrate 24.6, borax 34.6, and boric acid 32.2 per cent.

PROPION. (DI-ETHYL-KETONE.) CsHfi.CO.CaHft.

A mobile, easily soluble liquid, given in doses of 0.5-8 Gm. (8-45 gr.) with peppermini,
water as hypnotic; as sedative in doses of 0.5 Gm.

PROPYLAMIN. CHg-CHr-CHa-NH,.

This base should not be confused with trimethylamin. (CHg)aN. Propylamin occurs in
colorless crystals of strong ammoniaoal odor, melting at 50° C. Recommended in doses of 2-4
Gm. a day in treatment of chorea. Best administered with a syrup of peppermint as corrigent.

PROSTADEN.

An extract of the prostate gland, administered in treatment of diseases of this gland.
Doee, 2 Gm. (30 gr.) daily. See Organo-therapeutics, Addenda.

PROSTATIC SICC. See Glandulse Prostatce.

PROTALBIN-SILVER.

A silver-albumin preparation well suited to the treatment of gonorrhea because of its
feeble irritant action on the mucous membranes. It is used in solutions containing 0.25-1.5 per
cent. Protalbin-silver is a grayish-white powder, which dissolves in water to the extent of 10.5
per cent at 18° G. It is not precipitated from its solution by chlorids or albumins. Glycerin,
Dlood-serum, alkali and acid albumins, and peptone solutions are also solvents.

PROTARGOL.

A silver albumose containing 8 per cent, of metallic silver. It is a yellow powder, readily
soluble in water. The solution is not affected by heat, albumin, hydrochloric acid, a weak solu-
tion of sodium chlorid, or a solution of caustic soda. Recommended for treatment of wounds
and gonorrhea in \i-2 per cent, solutions. Claimed to be absolutely non-irritating. The solu-
tion should be kept in amber vials. Experiments made concerning the applicability of protargol
in eye diseases have shown that the preparation is almost entirely free fW>m all caustic or corro-
sive effects. With its use all fear of using too strong solutions is unnecessary. A 5 per cent
solution, dropped into the eye, is scarcely felt; at most a slight burning sensation is noticed,
which, however, is readily borne by the most sensitive children. The pain incident to its use is
so insignificant that combination with anesthetics is unnecessary. For painting on with a brush,
20-25 per cent, solutions are used. Neisser lays particular stress on its non-irritant properties,
which make it preferable to other silver salts for prolonged use. It also appears to penetrate
deeper into the cellular tissue.

PROTECTIN.

Tissue paper coated on one side with an adhesive rubber mixture; employed in surgery.

THE NEWER REMEDIES, 111

PROTECTIO.

A remedy for diphtheria and colds.

PROTOGEN.

Protogens are albuminoid compounds which, when heated in aqueous solution, do not
coagulate. Obtained by action of formaldehyd on serum or egg albumen. Used as dietetic food
fur children, also given subcutaneously and in form of enema. Dose, 60 Gm. twice daily as
enema.

PROTOPIN.

An alkaloid obtained flnom Eschholzia ealifomicaf employed as hypnotic and analgesic.
Dose. 2.5-10 6m. (40-160 gr.).

PSEUDO-CODEIN. GigHnNOs.

It is analogous in action to codein, but weaker.

PSEUDO-DIPHTHERIN.

A proprietary remedy for diphtheria.

PSEUDO-EPHIDRIN.

Needle>like crystals of agreeable odor, sparingly soluble in water, easily soluble in alcohol.
Employed as mydriatic and has the advantage over other mydriatics of causing no inflammation
or other deleterious effects. With use of a 10-12 per cent, solution mydriasis takes place in 30 to
35 minutes.

PSEUDO-HYOSCYAMIN. Ci7H„N0,.

A new alkaloid recently discovered in Duboisia myoporoides. It occurs in yellow needles
which melt at 133°-1340 C. (271.40-273° F.), sparingly soluble in water. Pseudo-fa yoscy am in is
employed in treatment of mania and hysteria, in subcutaneous doses of 0.0005-0.006 Gm. (rio-

A gr.).

PSILOTHINUM.

A depilatory in the form of cerate, consisting of elemi balsam (40 per cent.), benzoin (10
per cent.), rosin (8 per cent. ), yellow wax (10 per cent.), and diachylon plaster (30 per cent. ). It
IS appliea with a hot, flat piece of metal and allowed to cool ; then removed with the hair adhering.

PULMONIN.

An extract prepared from calves' lungs, which appears in the market in tablet form. Used
in lung diseases.

PULVIS CUTICULOR.

The term applied to a powder which is highly recommended as a topical application in
seborrhea. It consists of a mixture of 2 parts of zinc oxid, 3 of magnesium carbonate, 3 of
fullers' earth, 2 of Armenian bole, and 10 or rice starch.

PULVIS LISTERI. SeeKhinolin.

P U N I C I N . See Pelletierin.

PURAL.

A new disinfecting agent, which consists of powdered wood charcoal, saturated with a mix-
ture of menthol, carbolic and benzoic acids, and compressed into cyliudric form. For use a
cylinder is ignited with acandle flame and laid on a suitable surface to undergo slow combustion.
The odors of sickrooms are entirely removed by the use of 2 or 3 cylinders daily, and only
very sensitive persons are slightly annoyed by the vapors. It is claimed that this preparation is
equal to vaporized phenol in the treatment of whooping-cough.

PURO.

A new meat iuice, which differs from the other meat juices of the market in that it is made
by expression of the meat and is not a solution of Liebig's beef extract. It contains 21 per cent,
of unchanged albumin, other meat juices containing only 0.53, 0.63, and 2.83 per cent. Puro is
stated to be a thrice concentrated, sterile, natural product, much superior in keeping qualities to
the ordinary juices and extracts. The composition, according to Fresenius, is, in 100 parts :
water, 36.6 ; organic matter, 53.6 ; starch, 9.3 ; albumin, 21.3.

PYOKTANIN (Blue). CMHasNsCl and CssHsoNsCI. Synonyms : Fjoktaninum Cseruleum;
Methyl-yiolet.

The methyl-violet of commerce (a dye stuff) is a mixture of the hydrochlorids of penta-
and hexa-methyl-para-rosanilin, which forms a very soluble, blue, crystalline powder. Em-
ployed as an antiseptic in surgery in the same dilutions as given under yellow pyoktanin {q. v.).
It has been employed with success in the treatment of diphtheria, in which the membranes have
been painted with a warm, saturated solution. Incompatible with corrosive sublimate; also
with alkalies.

PYOKTANIN (Yellow). C17H24NSOCI. Synonyms: Pyoktaninum Aureum; Auramin;
Imido-tetramethyl-di-p-amido-diphenyl-methane. (D. R. P. Bad. Anilinfabrik.)

Yellow pyoktanin, or auramin, is a yellow dye obtained by the interaction between tetra-
methyl-diamido-benzophenone, ammonium chlorid, and zinc chlorid at 150° C. It forms a bright
yellow powder which is almost insoluble in cold, but very soluble in hot water, also soluble In
alcohol. Auramin is employed as an antiseptic for ophthalmic purposes and in surgery in
aqueous solutions (1-4 : 10,000), as an antiseptic dusting-powder (1-2 per cent.\ and as ointment
(2-10 per cent.). Its aqueous solutions are decomposed when heated above 70° C.

ETHYL-PYOKTANIN. According to Stilling, ethyl-pyoktanin is more active than the
ordinary pyoktanin, hence is recommended in surgery ana ophthalmology.

112 THE NEWER REMEDIES.

PYOKTANIN-MERCURY.

Used in gonorrhea in 1 per cent, solution ; for burns it is mixed with an equal quantity
of starch and dfusted over the wounded parts.

PYRALOXIN. See Pyrogallol, Oxidiaed.

P Y R AM I DO N . Synonym : Di-methyl-amido-phenyl-dimethyl-pyrazolon. (D. R. P. Hoechst.)

A deriyative of antipyrine in which an H-atom of the pyrazolon group is replaced by a
dimethyl-amido group. Forms a yellowish-white, tasteless, crystalline powder, soluble in
water (1 : 10). This solution gives a violet fugitive color with FejCle. Nitrous acid gives an
evanescent violet. In the urine pyramidon is b^t detected by the ferric chlorid test. The action
of pyramidon upon the nervous system is analogous to that of an ti pyrin, but is active in much
smaller doses, it is much milder, more gradual, and lasting in its influence than antipyrine.
Dose, 0.5-2 Gm. For consumptives and in hectic fever the dose of 0.5 Gm. should not be
exceeded.

P Y R A N T I N . C6H4(OC2H5)N(GOCHs)a. Sywmym : Phenosuccin.

A new synthetic antipyretic, having, according to Piutti, the composition of para-ethoxy-
phenylin-«uccinimid. Clinical experimenta have shown that small doses have no effect on the
heart and the respiration, and that larger doses diminish the arterial pressure. The antipyretic
action is manifested partly by increased elimination of heat, partly by a diminution of tne pro-
duction of heat. Prrantin is obtained in the pure state in brilliant prisms, which are sparingly
soluble in water and ether, very soluble in alcohol and acetic acid, melting at 155° G. (311° F.).
The sodium salt is readily soluble in water, forming a solution or sweetish taste. Daily dose,
1-3 Gm. (15-45 gr.).

PYRAZIN. See Antipyrine.

P Y R AZO L. Synonym : Phenyl-methyl-pyrazol-carbonic Acid.

A crystalline compound of composition similar to antipyrine, but used as a diuretic in
doses of 1-2 Gm. (15-30 gr.).

PYRAZOLINUM COMPOSITUM.

The name proposed for a preparation similar to roigrain in composition. It is best pre-
!._ *-_^ .. — 1 — ^ mixture of 90 parts of antipyrine " — "- '' -^ •- -^ '

mixture, after cooling, to powder.

pared by fusing cautiously a mixture of 90 parts of antipyrine, 9 parts of caffein, and 1 part of
citric acid, and reducing the

PYRAZOLON-PARA-METHOXY- PHENYL-DIMETHYL, or PARA-
METHOXY-ANTIPYRINE.

Obtained by methylating the product of 'the reaction between p-methoxy-phenyl-
hydrazin and aceto-acetic ester. It forms crystals which melt at 82° G. (179.6° F.), and are
readily soluble in water and alcohol. The e^Aozy-compound melts at 91° G. (195.8° F. ).

Both of these compounds possess antipyretic and antineuralgic properties, being weaker,
however, than antipyrine.

PYRETIN.

Found by Walter to consist of a mixture of acetanilid, 58.7 parts ; eaffein, 6.74 parts ;
sodium bicarbonate, 19.5 parts ; and calcium carbonate, 13.5 parts. Another analyst finds potas-
sium bromid present. Recommended as an antipyretic.

PYRIDIN. CsHsN.

A liquid base which is formed by the dry distillation of nitrogenated organic substances,
being found in Dippel's animal oil and coal-tar oil. Purepvradin is a colorless liquid, of pecu-
liar erapyreumatic odor, pungent taste, boiling at 117° G. (242.6° F.); miscibie with water ; with
acids forms salts, being the basis of several natural alkaloids. Pyridin is employed in asthma,
from 3-5 Gc. being poured on a plate and placed in the room with the patient. Internally, in
doses of 3 drops, it acts as a cardiac stimulant.

PYRISOL. SeePyrosal.

PYROCTIN.

A proprietary febrifuge and anodyne.

PYRODIN. See Hydracetin.

PYROFORM.

A trade name given to bismuth oxyiodid pyrogallol, which is stated to be useful in skin
diseases and to be less toxic than pyrogallol.

PYROGALLOL DI-ACETATE.

A white powder, sparingly soluble in cold water, readily on addition of alkali. It is slightly
toxic.

PYROGALLOL, OXIDIZED.

Pyrogallol is exposed to the action of air containing ammonia. A stable, brownish-black
powder, which possesses the same medicinal properties as pyrogallol without its unpleasant side
effects. Used externally in skin diseases; pyrogallol oxid, 5 Gm., adeps lanae and vaselin, of each
25 Gm. Internally the daily dose is 0.05-0.1 Gm. Recommended by Unna as superior to
ordinary pyrogallol in skin diseases, being less irritating and only slightly toxic. Employed in
seborrheic eczema and pityriasis of the hairy scalp, in ointment, as follows: Lanolin, 10 parts;
lime-water, 10 parts ; chamomile water, 10 parts ; ointment of zinc oxid, 10 parts ; precipitated
sulfur, 2 parts; pyraloxin, 0.4 parts.

PYROGALLOPYRINE.

Obtained by reaction between pyrogallol and antipyrine.

THE NEWER REMEDIES. 113

PYROLIONIN.

An antipyretic.

PYROSAL and PHENOSAL.

New antipyretic compounds prepared by J. D. Riedel in Berlin. The first is a salicyl-
acetate of antipyriue, the second the corresponding salt of pheuetidin. They occur in colorless
leaflets or needles, which are sparingly soluble in water and have a sour but not bitter taste.
Pyrosal contains 50 per cent, of antipyiine and 87 per cent, of salicylic acid ; phenosal, 67 per cent,
of phenetidin and ^ per cent, of salicylic acid. Both remedies are given in doses of 0.5 Gm.
(7-8 ^r.), repeated two to six times daily. Pyrosal has been found valuable in polyarthritis,
pleuritis, influenza, and migraine, while phenosal has been- used successfully for acute articular
rheumatism. No secondary effects have been noticed with either preparation.

PYROZONE.

A name given to represent absolute anhydrous HgOs, the active part of that which was for-
merly called peroxid of hydrogen ; hence the 3 per cent, portion or aqua hydrogenii dioxidi,
U. 8. P.

The Greek word "pyr" and the word "ozone" were combined to describe the action re-
sulting from the contact of well diffused animal oreanio matter, like silk or camels' hair, with
the thick syrupy fluid of pure HgOa. After such articles are moistened with this active principle
and then slightly warmed on a steam bath, they ignite and burn furiously, as substances do in
oxygen, presumably producing both fire and ozone ; therefore, true HjOs was called pyrozone.

PYROZONE $ PER CENT. SOLUTION is an aqueous solution of HsO^ of correct phar-
macopceial strength. The manufactui-ers claim that it is more stable than ordinary products of
the U. 8. P. process, that it is free from barium and other earthy salts, and contains only ^ of 1
per cent, of acidity.

PYROZONE 6 PER CENT. SOLUTION, ETHEREAL, is a surgical antiseptic and
cleansing bleacher for tooth cavities prior to filling. For external use only.

PYROZONE B6 PER CENT. SOLUTION, ETHEREAL, is employed in surgery, derma-
tology, and dentistry as an antiseptic and caustic in a new sense of that term ; it destroys patho-
logic cells and apparently does not destroy physiologic cells, and has been found by dentiists to
be a prompt bleadier for teeth discolored with organic matter. For external use only.

QUARANHEM. SeeMonesia.

QUEBRACHIN. CsiHseNgO,.

One of six alkaloids found in the bark of Amidospenna quebracho. Occurs in pale -yellow
needles, insoluble in water and but slightly soluble in alcohol and ether. With acids it forms
crystalline, soluble salts, the fwdrochlorid being most frequently employed. Used internally and
subcutaneously in dyspnea. Dose, 0.05-0.1 Gm. (f-1^ gr.).

QUILLAYAIC ACID.

. This substance has the property of precipitating albumin in urine, and is therefore recom-
mended by Dr. Pachorukow for me quantitative determination of this.

QUINACETIN SULFATE. (CJ87HaNOa)2Ha804.HaO.
Antipyretic and anodyne.

QUINAPTHOL. See Chinapthol.

QUINIDIN GLYCERRHIZATE.

To an ammoniacal aqueous extract of licorice root, containing ammonium carbonate, a
solution of quinidin sulfate (made acid with HGl) is added : the precipitate of quiuidin glycvr-
rhizate is allowed to settle, washed by decantation, then collected and dried. Forms a yellowish
colored powder, insoluble in water.

QUINIDIN TANNATE.

A yellowish-white powder, given in diarrhea, dyspepsia, albuminuria, nephritis, in doses
of 0.1-0.8 Gm. twice daily.

QUINIMEL.

A preparation for disguising the taste of quinin.

Q U I N I N SALTS. (Only those salts of less frequent occurrence are given. )

ARSENITE. C2oHs4N202.H8As08 + 2H2O. Obtained by dissolving 84 parts of freshly pre-
cipitated quinin in a hot aqueous solution of 10 parts of arsenous acid, evaporating at 20° Cf. (68°
F. ), and crystallizing. This is a white, crystalline powder, containing 69 per cent, of quinin (theo-
retically), slightly soluble in cold and very soluble in hot water. Employed aa antiperiodic in
doses of 0.005-0.03 Gm. (iV-/^ gr. ).

BORA TE (Amorphotu). Yellow insoluble powder. Used as antiseptic and antipyretic in
doses of 0.5-1 Gm.

CHLORO-CARBONIC ESTER. (CO.Cl.CjoHeaNjOg). Obtained by action of phosgene
on quinin in solution. Forms colorless crystals, melting at 188° C., almost free from bitter taste.
Recommended as substitute for quinin sulfate. (D. R. P. Zimmer.)

CHLOROPHOSPHATE. C20HJ4N2OJ.HCI.2PO4H8 + 3H«0. Occurs in colorless crystals,
soluble in 2 parts of water, and containing about 60 per cent, of the alkaloid. It has been used
with good success in obstinate attacks of malaria and nervous headaches.

DI-HYDROCHLORID. C20H24N2O2.2HCI. Prepared by dissolving 5 Gm. of quinin
hydrochlorid in 6 Gm. of hydrochloric acid (1.045) and adding water to 10 Cc. Forms white
needles, very soluble in water and alcohol. Recommended for hypodermic injection in treat-
ment of whooping-cough. Dose, 2.5-3 Gra.

DI-HYDROCHLORID CARBAMATE. (C2oH2*N202).HCl + C0(NHa)2HCl. SynonynuT
8

114 THE NEWER REMEDIES.

Ghininum Amido-bichloratum ; Chininum Bimuriaticam Carbamidatum. This double salt is
obtained by dissolviag molecular quantities of quinin hydrocblorid aud ureachlorid (COCNHg)].-
HCl) in boiling water and crystallizing. Forms colorless, soluble crystals, containing 70 per
cent, of quinin. Especially aoapted for subcutaneous use. I>OBe, 0.1-0.6 Gm. in 50 per cent,
solution.

DI-HYDROIODATE. (C«>Ha4Ns0s(HI0s)s). A white, readily soluble powder. See under
Iodic Acid.

ETHYL CARBONIC ESTER. SeeEuchinin.

FERRI-CHLORID. This forms dark-brown scales or reddish-brown, hygroscopic powder,
soluble in water and alcohol. Recommended as hemostatic for external and internal use; exter-
nally, dusted over the bleeding surface ; used in a 2 per cent, solution in uterine hemorrhage.

QLYCERO-PHOSPHATE. C^B.^Oz.l^O^{Q^ll^fi^)^. Colorless needles, soluble in hot
water and alcohol, possessing the medicinal properties of both quinin and glycero-phosphoric
odd. Employed in neuralgia, malaria, reconvalescence, in doses of 0.1 Gm.

G UAIA COL-BISULFONA TE See Guaiaquin.

HYDRIODATE. See Iodic Acid.

HYDR0-CHL0R0-PH08PHATR See Q. Phospho-hydrochlorid.

HYDRO-CHLORSULFATE. (C«)Ha4N20j)2HCl.H,S04 + 3H,0. Quinin hydrochlorid
and bisulfate are dissolved, in molecular proportions, in warm water, evaporated and crystallized.
Ck)Iorless crystals, soluble in 1 part of water ; recommended for subcutaneous ii^ection.

HYDROqUINONE-HYDROCHLORID. Forms fine soluble needles. ExoeUent febri-
Aige ; causes rapid reduction of temperature.

ICHTHYOLSULFONA TR See Quinin Sulfo-ichthyolate.

lODO-HYDROIODATE. (G«>Hs4K802.I.HI). A brown powder, insoluble in water, solu-
ble in alcohol. Used in secondary and tertiary syphilis as follows : Alkaloid, 10 Gm. ; kaolin, 2
Gm. ; acacia, q. s. Make into 80 pills ; take 16 to 20 pills every morning.

LACTATE. Prepared br dissolving freshly precipitated quinin in lactic acid and evapo-
rating^ to dryness. Forms a white, granular powder, readily soluble. Can be given subcutane-
ously in solution 1 : 4.

PHOSPHO-HYDROCITLORID. Ca0H14NaO2.HCl.2H8PO4.3H8O. Prepared by dissolving
35 Gm. of quinin hydrochlorid in warmea solution of 70 parts of phosphoric acid (1.154) and 9
parts of dilute hydrochloric acid (10 percent.) and setting aside for crystallization. Used in ner-
vous headache and malaria.

SA LICYLA TE. CsoHs^NsOa. CrHeOs + HjO. An alcohol ic solution of freshly precipitated
quinin is saturated with an alcoholic solution of salicylic acid and crystallized, or 10 parts of
quinin sulfate and 3^ parts of sodium salicylate are added to 120 parts of water and heated to
boiling; on cooling, the quinin salicylate crvstallizes out. Forms fine white needles, soluble in
225 parts of water. Employed as antipyretic in typhus ; also used in rheumatism and gout in
doses of 0.1-0.5 Gm. {}%-% gr.).

SILICO-FLUORID. Forms small crystals, soluble in water, insoluble in alcohol. Used
as antipyretic and antiseptic.

SULFO-ICHTHYOLATE. A combination having the combined properties of thecom>
ponents. Given in pill form.

TANNATE. Obtained by precipitating an aqueous solution of a quinin salt with tannic
acid. Forms a yellowish-white amorphous powder, of a slightly bitter and astringent taste, con-
taining 30-32 per cent, of quinin, and only very Hlightly soluble in water. Employed in diarrhea,
whooping-cough, etc., in doses of 0.2-0.5 Gm. (3-8 gr.).

URETHANE. Professor Gaglio recommends a mixture of 2 parts of quinin hydrochlorid
and 1 part of urethane for use in subcutaneous injection in place 01 other salts of quinin. The
presence of urethane renders the solution very soluble in water. The solution is neutral in reac-
tion and non-irritating. He recommends a mixture of 3 parts of the quinin salts, ly^ parts of
urethane, and 3 parts of distilled water.

QUINOCHLORAL.

A thick, oily liquid, of neutral reaction and very bitter taste, and soluble in aqueous and
alcoholic liquids in all proportions. It is exempt from the irritating action of quinin and
chloral, does not affect the action of the heart, and is used principally as a substitute for antisep-
tic metallic salts and phenols. Comparative experiments with corrosive sublimate and quino-
chloral have shown that bacteria subjected to the influence of the latter are destroyed in snorter
time than those exposed to the action of corrosive sublimate. Quinochloral is given in doses of
0.05-1 Gra. (t;-15 gr.) as an internal antiseptic. In large doses it is useful as a hypnotic, particu-
larly in delirium tremens ; miscible with water and alcoholic liquids.

QUINOFORM. See Chinoform.

QUINOLIN AND DERIVATIVES. See under Chinolin.

(33^
daily.

QUINOPYRINE. Synmym: Chinopyrine.

A concentrated, aqueous solution of quinin hydrochlorid (50 per cent) and antipyrine
!^ per cent.). Employed subcutaneously in epidemic malaria, in doses of 1 Cc. several times
laily. Also used in other cases where quinin can not be administered per os on account qf idio-
syncrasy or other causes.

QUINORAL. See Quinochloral.

QUINOSOL.

A quinolin compound said to possess bactericidal and antiseptic properties of consider-^
able power. It is reported to act as an antiseptic in solutions as dilute as 1 : 40,000. See also
under Chinosol.

THE NEWER REMEDIES. 115

QUIONIN. ("TASTELESS QUININ.")

A mixture of chiitchona alkaloids (priDcipally cinchonidin), offered as a substitute for
quinin. It occurs in granular masses coated with resin.

RENADEN.

A remedy prepared from kidneys ; used in chronic nephritis. Dose, 6-6 Gm. (1H~2 drachms).

RENES.

An extract prepared from fresh and dried kidneys of the sheep or pig. Used in kidney
disturbances. See Organo-therapeutics.

RENES 8ICCATI PULV.

The dried fresh kidneys of the sheep or swine, 6 parts of the fresh gland representing 1
part of the aboye powder. Used in nephritis in doses of 0.6-1 Gm. three to four times dauy.
See Addenda.

RE8ACETIN.

A salt of oxy-phenyl-acetic acid, of unknown properties.

RESALGIN. Synonym: Besorcylalgin.

This is obtained by the action of potassium resorcylate on antipyrine, the former beins
obtained by heating resorcin 1 part, and potassium bicarbonate 5 parts, together with 10 parts or
water. Besalgin forms ciystalline needles, which melt at IIO.S^) C. (231° F.), soluble in 150 parts
of cold and 20 parts of boiling water, and readily soluble in alcohol, ether, and chloroform.
Nothing definite is known concerning its medicinal properties and dose.

RESINOL. (UNGUENTUM RESINOL.)

A proprietary ointment, used as an antipruritic, antiseptic, local antipyretic, sedative, and
skin nutrient.

RE80L.

New disinfectant obtained by saponifying 1000 parts of tar with 200 parts of caustic pot-
ash, and adding 200 parts of any indifferent substance— methy lie alcohol, for instance. See under
Cresol.

RESOPYRINE. CuHMNiO + C«H4(0Ha).

Obtained by reaction between antipyrine and resorcin in solution in molecular propor-
tions. It crystallizes in fine rhombic crystals, which are insoluble in water, but soluble in
6 parts of sdcohol. Nothing definite is known concerning its therapeutic properties.

RESORBIN.

This is proposed as an ointment vehicle, being prepared bv emulsifying almond oil and
water with yellow wax, gelatin, and soap ; it is said to possess marked penetrating power, but is
open to the objection that ointments prepared with it do not keep.

RESORCIN. C6H4(OHs). Synonyms: Kesorcinol; Meta-dihydroxy-benzene.

This is obtained on fusing many resins (umbelliferous^, or m-phenol-sulfonic acid, or
m-benzene-disulfonic acid, with potash ; the fused mass is acidified with hydrochloric acid and
the resorcin extracted with ether. For description see U. S. P. Internally it is employed in
gastritis, gastric ulcers, affections of the larynx generally. Dose, 0.2-0.5 Gm. (3-8 gr.). Exter-
nally, in diphtheria, as a resorcin glycerol (10 per cent.) for topical application ; as an ointment
(5-25 per cent. ) in various skin diseases.

BESORCIN-CAMPHOR.

A compound of resorcin and camphor obtained by triturating both constituents together.
Used in pruritus and pediculosis.

RESORCINOL.

The term "resorcinol" has been applied by chemists to resorcin, in compliance with the
rules of modem chemic nomenclature. Unfortunately, the same title has been given to an
amorphous, brown powder which is prepared by fusing together equal parts of resorcin and
iodoform. It is recommended as an application to gangrenous sores, ulcers, chancres, etc. ; diluted
with starch it is used as a dusting-powder (5 per cent.) ; also as an ointment of 5-15 per cent,
strength. It is soluble in ether and partly soluble in alcohol and water. The caustic action of
the resorcin and the unpleasant odor and toxic effects of the iodoform are lost in this prepara-
tion. Kesorcinol is recommended as an antiseptic.

RESORCINO-PHTHALEIN. See Fluorescein.

RESORCINOPYRINE. See Resopyrine.

RESORCIN-SALOL. SeeSalol.

RESORCYLALQIN. See Besalgin.

RETAMIN. CisHmNA

An alkaloid obtained from the twigs and bark of Retama sphcerocarpa. Soluble with diflfi-
culty in water and ether ; more so in alcohol, petroleum, and chloroform. It is probably an
oxy-spartein.

RETINOL. Synonym: Codol.

Obtained as a product of the destructive distillation of resin (colophony). Retinol forms
a yellowish, fluorescent, oily liquid of sp. gr. 0.900, boilinpc between 240* and 280° C. (4640-536°
F.). Employed as a solvent for various organic bodies, as iodol, aristol, camphor, cocain, oodein,
phenol, pnosphorus, creosote, etc.

116 THE NEWER REMEDIES,

RHAMNIN.

The trade name given to fluid extract of Rhamnui frangula, which is recommended very
highly aa a laxative for children.

R H E I N . See Ghrysophanic Acid.

RHEUMAGON.

"Normal osmotic, regulating nutrition and waste.** A proprietary antilithic, analgesic,
and sorbefacient. Dose, ^ drachm three times daily.

RHINALQIN.

A nasal suppository containing cacao-butter, 1 Gm. ; alumnol, 0.01 6m. ; menthol, 0.026 Gm. ;
and oil of valerian, 0.026 Gm. Recommended in coryza.

RHINOLIN. (PULVI8 LISTERI.)

Used as an antiseptic, analgesic, and tonic.

RHODALLIN. See Thiosinamin.

RICINE.

A white, amorphous powder, easily soluble in a 10 per cent, solution of common salt.

RIXOLIN.

A liquid resembling oil of turpentine. Consists of petroleum and oil of camphor.

ROBOLINE.

A proprietary general tonic, nerve stimulant, and digestive.

ROSBONIT.

An anticorrosive.

ROSEIN. See Fuchsin.

ROTTERIN.

Consists of: Zinc chlorid, 1.25; zinc sulfocarbolate, 1.25; salicylic acid, 0.3; boric acid,
1.0; citric acid, 0.05; thymol, 0.1; sodium chlorid, 0.12; distilled water, 1 liter. Used as an
antiseptic for wounds.

ROVUSINE.

A liquid for removing grease spots from cloth, composed of benzin, 894 parts; water, 66
parts ; alcohol, 36 parts ; saponin, 4 parts ; and essence of mirbane, 2 parts.

RUBIDIUM-AMMONIUM BROMID. (RbBr.3NH46r).

This double salt forms a yellowish-white powder of a saline taste, soluble in water, used as
a sedative and hypnotic in epilepsy in daily doses of 4-6 Gm. (60-90 gr.).

RUBIDIUM lODID. Rbl.

Forms colorless cubic crystals, which are readily soluble in water. Emploved in the same
instances where the potassium or sodium iodid is indicated, possessing the aavantage of not
causing gastric and other disturbances which usually result from the administration of these
salts in large quantities. Dose, 0.13 Gm. (2 gr.).

RUBIDIUM TARTRATE (RbCiHgOe) and BROMID. RbBr.

Form transparent soluble crystals, and, like the corresponding cesium salts, these are ser-
viceable in cardiac palpitation of nervous origin. The dose of either is 0.18-0.30 Gm. (3-6 gr.).

RUBIN. See Fuchsin.

RUBINAT.

The name of a Spanish natural bitter water recently placed on the market. According to
analysis, it contains principally sodium sulfate, with small quantities of potassium, calcium, and
magnesium sulfates, sodium chlorid, and silicates of iron and aluminum.

RUBITIN.

A proprietary preparation for massage and application by friction. Said to consist of
menthol, eiher^ camphor, soap, laurel oil, and oil of rosemary.

RUBROL.

A solution of boric acid, thymol, and a coal-tar derivative (?) in water, recommended. as a
gonorrheal injection.

R U M I C I N . See Ghrysophanic Acid.

SACCHARIN. C6H4<gQ>NH. Synmyms: Benzoyl-sulfonio-imid ; Orthosulfamine-
benzoic-anhydrid ; Glusid; Glucusimid ; Saccharinol; Saccharinose ; Sycose; Zuckerin.

Saccharin is an intensely sweet principle prepared from toluene (CeHsCHs) by first con-
verting this into the mixture of mono-sulfonic acids, which, by the action of phosphorus penta-
chlorid, are converted into the corresponding toluene-sulfonic chlorids. By the action of ammonia
the ortho compound is converted into sulfamin benzoic acid, which by oxidation yields the above
imide (saccharin). The pure ortho compound forms a white, crystalline powder, which possesses
600 times the sweetening power of cane sugar ; it is soluble in about 400 parts of water (15° C),
more so in alcohol and glycerin (1 : 30), readily soluble in water in presence of alkalies (NaHCO«).
Mixed with water and neutralized with sodium bicarbonate, it forms the soluble sodium salt,
" soluble glucosid," or " soluble saccharin." The chief use of saccharin is as a sweetening agent
in the food of diabetic patients. A syrup of saccharin may be prepared by dissolving saccharin

THE NEWER REMEDIES. 117

10 6m., sodium bicarbonate 12 Gm., in 1000 Gc. of water. Syrup of saccharin may be employed
in many mixtures wliere cane-sugar syrup is inadmissibia (X>. R. P. Fahlberg. D. B. P. v.
Heyden.)

SACCHARINOL. See Saccharin.

SACCHARINOSE. See Saccharin.

SACCHARIN-SODIUM.

Has been found to be an excellent intestinal antiseptic It is a soluble powder containing
90 per cent, of pure saccharin. In doses of 1 Gm. (15 gr. ), given once or twice dally, it diminishes
considerably the number of germs usually found in the intestines, particularly those of the coli
bacillus. The remedy has no ii\juriouB influence on the kidneys. Because of its intensely sweet
taste it must be given in capsules.

SACCHAROL. See Saccharin.

SAFROL.

The chief constituent of oil of sassafras. Used as an anodyne in subacute rheumatism.
Dose, 3-4 Gm. (45-60 gr.).

SAGRADIN.

A 20 per cent, solution of ext. of cascara (free from bitter principle) to which 2 per cent,
of spirits or peppermint have been added.

SALACETOL. C5Hi(0H)C0.0CH«.00.CHa. ^ynonyww; Salicyl-acetol; Salantol.

A compound differing from salol in the replacement of the phenyl group (CeHs) by the ace-
tone radical (CHa-GO-GHg) ; introduced as a substitute for salol in order to avoid the elimination
of phenol in the organism. It is prepared by interaction between monochlor-acetone and sodium
salicylate. Forms fine needle-like crystals or scales, melting at 71° C. (169.8° F.), insoluble in
cold water, slightly soluble in cold alcohol, freely soluble in liot alcohol, ether, and chloroform.
By action of alkalies it yields up its salicylic acid (about 71 per cent.). Salacetol is employed in
all instances where salol is indicated, in doses of 2-3 Gm. (3<M5 gr.).

SALACTOL.

A preparation consisting of the sodium salts of salicylic and lactic acids has been intro-
duced under this name, and when dissolyed in a 1 per cent, solution of hydrogen peroxld it is
recommended as an efficient remedy for diphtheria. The solution is applied to the throat with
a brush every four hours, and in the intervals the solution is used as a gargle. It is also stated
to act as a prophylactic.

SALANTOL- See Salacetol.

S A L AZO LO N . Same as Salipyrin. See under Antipyrine.

SALBOROL.

A combination ~of salol and boric acid. Used as antiseptic and antirheumatic.

SALBROMALID.

A mixture of acetanilid, ammonium bromid, and salicylic acid.

SALPENE.

A proprietary combination which appears either in the form of a powder or tablets. Rec-
ommended in adult doses of 5-10 grains as an analgesic and internal antiseptic. Used in treat-
ment of influenza and all conditions induced by exaltation of the functions of the cerebro-spinal
nerve-centers, as spasms, convulsive coughs, cerebral hyperemia, malaria, etc. Dose, for children,
y^-2 grains.

SALHYPNONE. CflH40(COC8H6)COOCH8.

A benzoyl-methyl-sallcylic ester. It occurs in long, colorless needles, insoluble in water,
sparingly soluble in alcohol and ether. It melts at 113°-114°. A mild antiseptic.

SALIC AM AR. CH2OH.CHOH.CH2O.C6H4CO.CH2.CHOH.CH2OH. Symmym: Glycerin Ether
of Glycerol Salicylic Acid.

A fluid of about the density of glycerin, which is recommended as a stomachic and anti-
rheumatic.

SALICOL.

A solution of methyl alcohol, salicylic acid, and oil of wintergreen in water. Used as anti-
septic, cosmetic.

SALICYL-ACETOL, See Salacetol.

SALICYLAMID. C;5H4(OH)CONH2.

This compound differs from salicylic acid in the replacement of the hydroxyl of the carboxyl
group by the amido radicle (NH^). Obtained by the action of concentrated ammonia on salicylic-
methyl-ester (oil of wintergreen), yielding colorless, inodorous, and tasteless crystals, melting at
138° C. (280.4° F.), soluble in 250 parts of water, readily so in alcohol and ether. Salicylamid
possesses the same therapeutic properties as salicylic acid, having the advantage of being taste-
less, more soluble, and acting more readily in smaller doses. Dose, 0.13-0.3 Gm. (2-5 gr.).

SALICYL-ANILID. See Salifebrin.

SALICYL-CREOSOTE PASTE.

A mixture of salicylic acid, creosote, wax, and cerate, prescribed by Unna in skin diseases.

SALICYLIC-ALCOHOL. See Saligenin.

118 THE NEWER REMEDIES.

SALICYLIC ALDEHYD. (C»H4.0U.CHO(l:2) ). Syfum^nu: SaUcyloiu Acid ; Ortho-
oxy-bengaldehyd ; Oil of Spirea.

Obtained by heatiDg phenol, sodium hydrate, and chloroform together, and subeeqaent
fractionation. Colorless fluid of pleasant odor, with difficulty slightly soluble in water, readily
so in alcohol and ether. Used as internal antiseptic and diuretic. Dose, 0.1-0.5 (im. scTeral
times daily.

8ALICYLIC-AMID. See Salicylamid.

SALICYLIC NAPTHYLIC ESTER. SeeBetoL

8ALICYLIC-PHENYL-ESTER. See Salol.

SALICYLIC-THYMOL- ESTER. SeeSaUthymoL

SALICYLIDEN-PARA-PHENETIDIN. SeeMalakin.

SALICYLIDEN PHENETIDIN. SeeMalakin.

SALICYLO-ACETIC ACID. (C^HbOj).

Forms glassy scales, difficultly soluble in cold water and ether, readily soluble Id hot water
and aloohoL Used as antiseptic.

SALICYLOUS ACID. See SalicyUc Aldehyd.

SALICYL-PARA-PHENETIDIN. See Saliphen.

SALICYL-RESORCIN-KETONE. JSynonym: Tri-oxy-benzophenon.

Combines the properties of salicylic acid and resorcin. Used in typhus abdominalis and in
dermatologic practice. Dose, in typhus, 3-4 Gm. (45-^ gr.)-

SALICYL-SULFURIC ACID. See Sulfo-saUcylic Acid.

SALIFEBRIN, or SALICYLANILID.

A preparation of salicylic acid and acetanilid, in which both constituents are probably
fused together and powdered. Forms a white powder, soluble in alcohol, insoluble in water.
Recommended as an antineuralgic and antipyretic. No authoritative dose has been given.

S A L I FO R M I N . (CHj)eN4.C»H4(OH)COOH. Synonyms : Formin Salicylate ; Heza>methylene-
tetramin-salicylate ; Urotropin &dicylate.

White, crystalline powder, of sour taste, soluble in water and alcohol. Possesses antiseptic
properties and also exerts a solvent action on uric acid deposits. Dose, 1-2 Gm.

SALIGALLOL.

This name has been applied to the di-salicylate of pyrogallic acid, and, according to Kro-
mayer, it is even more valuaole than lenifcallol. It is a resinous, solid body, soluble in 2 parts of
acetone or in 15 parts of chloroform. It is recommended in the form of a solution to be applied
in various kinds of skin discmses. A preparation has been placed on the market consisting of a
solution of saligallol in acetone.

SALIQENIN. (SALICYLIC ALCOHOL.) C6H4(OH)CH20H.

An oxy-benzoyl-alcohol, obtained by the action of acids or ferments (emulsin, saliva, etc.)
on salicin, a glucosid. This same reaction takes place in the human organism when salicin is
taken internally, yielding, however, only 43 per cent, of saligenin. A dose of 12 Gm. (3 drachms)
of salicin corresponds to about 4.2 Gm. (601 gr.) of saligenin. It will be seen that saligenin, which
constitutes the activity, is an excellent substitute for salicin in the treatment of malaria, rheu-
matism, typhus, etc. Saligenin crystallizes in colorless scales or needles, melting at 86° C.
(186.8° F.), of a slightly bitter taste, soluble in alcohol and water. It is now prepared synthetic-
ally through the condensation of phenol with formaldehyd. Dose, 0.5-1 Gm. every hour or so.

SALINAPTHOL. SeeBetol.
SALIPHEN. See Saliphenin.

SALIPHEN.IN. C«H4(OC,H6)NH.C«H4(OH)CO. Synonyms: Salicyl-p-phenetidin.

Obtained by the action of salicylic acid on phenetidin in the presence of phosphorous tri-
chlorld. Forms colorless crystals, melting at 139.5° C. (283° F.), insoluble in water, but soluble
in alcohol. Its slight antifebrile action has not brought it into any favor.

SALIPYRAZOLON. Same as Salipyrin. See under Antipyrine.

8ALIPYRINE, OR ANTIPYRINE SALICYLATE. (CiiHiaNaO.CrHeOs). Syno-
nyms: Salazolon; Saliprazolon.

Obtained by interaction between antipyrine and salicylic acid ; 57.7 parts of the former
and 42.3 parts of the latter being heated together on a water-bath ; the resulting oily-like fluid,
which solidifies on cooling, is crystallized from alcohol. It occurs as a crystalline, inodorous
powder, melting at 92° C. (197.6° F.), soluble in 200 parts of cold and 25 parts of boiling water,
very soluble in alcohol and ether. Salipyrine exerts the combined effects of antipyrine and
salicylic acid, being employed in the treatment of acute and chronic rheumatism, rheumatic
sciatica, and influenza, in doses of 1-2 Gm. (15-30 gr.).

6ALITANNOL. CuHjoOt.

A condensation product of salicylic and gallic acid , formed by the action of phosphorus
oxychlorid. It occurs as a white, amorphous powder, insoluble in water, ether, chloroform, and
benzol, slightly soluble in alcohol, soluble in solutions of caustic alkalies. It melts at 210° C,
undergoing decomposition. Recommended as a surgical antiseptic because of its indifferent
chemic behavior.

THE NEWER REMEDIES. 119

SALITHYMOL. C«H3(CHa)(C8H7)O.COCeH4(OH).

A thymol ester of salicylic acid, prepared by the action of phosphorus trichlorid on molecu-
lar Quantities of sodium salicylate and thymol sodium. Salitnymol forms a vhite, crystalline
powder, of sweet taste, insoluble in water, very soluble in alcohol and ether. It is recommended
as an antiseptic in same doses as salol.

SALOCOLL. See under PhenocoU.

SALOL. ^^*<^cOOCiiH . ^^^tn'^' Phenyl Salicylate.

This phenyl ester of salicylic acid is obtained b^ the action of sodium salicylate on sodium
phenylate m the presence of phosphorus oxychlorid or phosgene. The reaction product is
thoroughly washed with water ana crystallized from alcohol. For description see U. S. P.
Salol, when taken, passes unabsorbed through the stomach into the intestines, where, under the

influence of alkaline secretions, it is split up into salicylic acid and phenol : to this dissociation
its value as— — -- ' -.«-^-A_._... f ^ ^ ....^ . , . , .. ,

peculiarity,
As an antirheumatic

dren 0.13-0.19 Gm. (2-3 gr.) : as an antiseptic and deodorant externally in the form of dusting-
powder (1 :8), being diluted with starch or talcum, ointment or collodion (4 to ether 4 and
collodion 30). (D. K. P. v. Heyden and Knoll.)

Under the general title of Salols a number of esters of salicylic acid have been introduced
in which the phenyl (CeH^) group has been replaced bv other antiseptic groupings, as cresyl
rC»H4CH8), xylenyl (Q^^iCkzW, giiaiacol C«H4(0H}CH,, resorcin (CeH4(0H)jk pyrogallol
(C«H8(CH)8). These bodies split up into salicylic acid and their respective phenols (as cresol,
guaiacol, resorcin, etc.).

ACETYL-TRI-BROM'SALOL. '* CORDYL." Crystallizes in fine, white needles, melt-
ing at 108.6° C. Insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol. Resembles tri-brom-salol in physiologic
action.

DI'IODO-SALOL, C6H2l2(OH)COjC6H5, the phenyl ester of di-iodo-salicylic acid, is ob-
tained by the condensation of di-iodo-salicy lie acid with phenol. Forms an inodorous, tasteless,
crystalline powder, melting at 135° C. (275° F.) ; employed as an antiseptic in treatment of skin
diseases. (D. R. P. Herzfeld.)

METHYL-TRI-BROMSALOL. " CORDEINE.'' Occurs in the form of white needles,
insoluble in water, very soluble in alcohol and chloroform. Melting-point, 126°-127° G.

NITROSALOL, C6H4(OH)C02.C6H4N02, salicylic-p-nitro-phenyl-ester, is obtained by
condensation of salicylic acid with p-nitrophenol. Forms a yellowish, inodorous, and tasteless
crystalline powder, melting at 148° C. (*298.4° F.), insoluble in water, and soluble m alcohol and
ether. In the intestines it is split up into its constituents. Employed in the manufacture of
salophen.

TRIBROMSALOL. (C8H4(OH)COO.C6H2Br8). Synonym; Cardol. Long, slender, white
needles ; melting-point, 195° C. Insoluble in wat«r, sparingly soluble in chloroform, acetone, and
glacial acetic add. Dene, 0.5-2 Gm. (8-30 gr.) three or four times daily. A valuable intestinal
antiseptic, soluble in alkaline secretions ; that is, it is decomposed into tribromphenol and sali-
cylic acid in passing through the body. Hypnotic in 1.5-2 Gm. (23-^0 gr.) doses. Also hemo-
static, antispasmodic, and analgesic.

SALOL CAMPHOR is made by mixing 3 parts of salol with 2 parts of camphor, both in
fine powder, fUsing and filtering the product. It forms a colorless, oily Iiq[uid, insoluble in water,
soluble in ether, chloroform, and the oils ; by the action of light and air it undergoes decomposi-
tion. Employed locally as an antiseptic.

SALOP4-IEN. C«H4(OH)C02.C«H4NH.COCH8. SynonyvM: Acetyl-para-amido-phenyl-salicy-
late; Aceto-paraHSimido-saloL

This body was introduced as a substitute for salol in order to avoid effects resulting from
the liberation of phenol in the organism, salophen being split up in the intestines into salicylic
acid and acetyl-p-amidophenol. Obtained by the reduction and acetification of salicylic-p-nitro-

phenol (nitro salol), C«H4(OH)C02.CeH^02', yielding colorless crystals melting at '187°-188° C.
(368.6°-370.4°F.), insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol and ether, the alcoholic solution being
colored violet by ferric chlorid. Employed as an antineuralgic and antirheumatic in doses of

1-2 Gm. (15-30 gr.). Lately recommended as a specific in influenza with nervous complications,
in doses of 0.5 Gm. (8 gr.) every two hours. For children, doses of 0.25 Gm. (4 gr.) every three
hours. (D. R. P. Bayer.)

SALOSANTAL.

A mixture of salol and oil of sandal-wood. It is recommended by Dr. Weber in patho-
logic conditions of the urinary organs, taken preferably in gelatin capsules.

SALUBRIN.

A composition manufactured in Sweden, and containing, according to Hager, 2 per cent,
of anhydrous acetic acid, 25 per cent, of acetic ether, 50 per cent, of alcohol, and the remainder
of distilled water. It is antiseptic, astringent, and hemostatic, and is used, diluted with water,
as a gargle, and on compresses.

6ALUBROL.

A bromated derivative of antipyrine (tetra-bromo-methylene-di-antipyrine), obtained b^
the action of bromin on methyl antipyrine. An inodorous powder which possesses strong anti-
septic properties. Used, like iodoform, as an antiseptic dusting-powder. It has no injurious
action on the tissues or organs. .It is also a good hemostatic, and does not attack the mucous
membranes. Berger recommends it strongly for treating affections of the buccal cavity and for
the extraction of teeth.

♦Coblentz' "Handbook of Pharmacy."

120 THE NEWER REMEDIES,

S A L U M I N (Insoluble). (C«H4(0H>C00)«Alt + 3H A Sywmym : Aluminum SaUcylate.

Obtained aa an insoluble precipitate by interaction between solutions of a salt of aluminum
and sodium salicylate. Forms a readish-white, insoluble powder, employed as a dusting-powder
in catarrhal affections of the nose and pharynx.

SALUMIN (Soluble). (CeH4(ONH4)COO)eAla + 2H«0. Synonym: Aluminum-ammonium
Salicylate.

This ammoniated aluminum salicylate forms a neutral, readily soluble salt. More stable
in solution than in dry condition. Used as astringent wash in dry, inflamed conditions of the
throat and nasal passages.

SALUS.

A remedy for rheumatism and neuralgia.

SAMBUCIN.

An alcoholic fluid extract of the bark of Samhueut nigrc^ Used as a diuretic

SANAL.

A surgical antiseptic.

SANATOGEN.

A new albumin preparation, made from milk casein. Its composition is stated to be
sodium-casein glycerine phosphate. It is readily soluble in water, and has the advantage over
other preparations of this class of having a more agreeable odor and taste. The dose is a tea-
spoonful, with meals, taken in warm soup, cocoa, etc. It must first be stirred up with cold water.

8 A N ATOL. See under Greolin— Cresol.

SANGUINAL.

Prepared by deflbrinating fresh blood and evaporating to an extract, in which condition it
is made up into pills, each of which is said to represent 5 Cc. of fresh blood. The composition
of the extract is said to be 46 parts of peptonized muscle albumin, 44 parts of blood salts, and 10
parts of oxyhemoglobin.

SANGUINO TABLETS.

This preparation is claimed to contain all iron salts, albumins, fats, and carbohydrates
formed in tne animal organism, in five times the quantity they are contained in the blooa. The
tablets are recommended for anemia, affections of the nerves and the heart, loss of appetite,
scrofula, and rachitis. They are agreeable to the taste and are well borne b^ weak stomachs.
The preparatioh is also offered in liquid form, as " Haemanutrid Janke," containing 70 per cent,
of purified hemoglobin, 20 per cent, of glycerin, and 10 per cent, of cotrnac. The tablets are palata-
ble and no after-effects are noticed. The dose for an adult is 2-4 tablets three times daily, one-
quarter hour before meals. Children below twelve years of age are given 1 tablet twice a day.

SANO.

A new preparation purporting to consist of barley flour dextrinated by means of heat, and
also claimed to contain a very hign percentage of prot«ids. It is recommended as a dietetic
remedy for the treatment of indigestion and anemia. Analysis does not bear out the statements
made regarding its composition, but indicates the following constituents : Water, 13.7 per cent. ;
proteids, 12.5 per cent. ; fat, 1.6 per cent. ; mineral matter, 1.85 per cent. ; soluble carbohydrates,
4.1 per cent. ; cellulose, 1.4 per cent.; and starch, 64.9 per cent. The preparation, therefore, does
not meet the requirements for the kind of remedy that it is claimed to be. The name " Sano"
is easily confounded with " Sanose," another dietetic preparation.

/COOCHa.
SANOFORM. CftHa^H

A di-iodo-salicylic-methyl-estCT, prepared by the action of iodin on oil of wintergreen.
Forms white, inodorous, tasteless needles, soluble in about 10 parts of hot alcohol, also in ether
and petrolatum ; melts at 110° C. Used as dessicant for wounds and substitute for iodoform. It
is stated to he non-toxic, and to cause neither local nor general irritation. Has been used with
success for ulcers, blennorrhea, etc. Used in powder form and as a 10 per cent, ointment.

SANOSE.

An albumin preparation, stated to consist of 80 per cent, of casein and 20 per cent, of albu-
mose. It is a white, odorless, and tasteless powder, which readily forms emulsions with water.
Used as a dietetic and tonic, preferably in form of emulsion.

SANTONINOXIM. CisHiANOH.

Santonin, 5 parts; hydroxylamin hydrochlorid, 4 parts; calcium carbonate, 4 parts; and
alcohol, 50 parts, are boiled from six to seven hours in a flask with reflex condenser,* filtering and
1 pouring into five times its volume of water, whereby santoninoxim separates. Forms white
crystals, insoluble in cold water, soluble in alcohol, ether, fats, and fatty oils ; melts at 216^-217°
C. (420.8^-422.6*^ F.). Because of its comparatively non-toxic nature it is preferred to santonin
as an anthelmintic ; dose for children from two to three years, 0.06 Gm. (1 gr.) : from four to six
years, 0.09 Gm. (1% gr.) ; from six to nine years, 0.13 Gm. (2 gr.), in two doses in one hour inter-
vals, followed by a purgative.

SAPOCARPOL. See under Cresol.

SAPODERMIN.

A neutral, non-irritant, antiseptic soap, containing albuminate of mercury.

* Coblentz' " Handbook of rtiarmacy," p. 94.

THE NEWER REMEDIES. 121

8APONAL.

A cleansing preparation, composed of 20 per cent, soap, 60 per cent, sodium carbonate
crystals, sodium chiorid, etc., 2.2 per cent., and water 11 per cent.

SAPOLENTUM HYDRARGYRI.

A soft, super-fatted potash soap, which is absorbed easilj and auicklj by the skin. Before
application the skin must be moistened with water and the hand dipped into water before
rubbing.

SAPOTOXIN.

A white, amorphous powder, easily soluble in water with frothing ; also soluble in alcohol
and alkalies. Very poisonous.

SAPROL. See under Cresol.

SASSAFRAS GCESIANUM. SeeMassoi

SAVONAL.

A soap-base, intended as a vehicle in skin diseases.

SCILLIPICRIN.

A yellowish-white powder of bitter taste, soluble in water. Used as diuretic in doses of
0.6-3 Gm. (8^i5 gr.) daily.

SCILLITOXIN.

A colorless or yellowish mass, or a cinnamon-brown powder, having a bitter taste, insolu-
ble in water and soluble in alcohol. Employed as diuretic. The single dose is given as 0.001 Gm.
(t^ gr.)> or 0.01-0.04 Gm. (|-| gr.) daily.

SCLEROTIC ACID (Dragendorff»s).

A faintly acid, yellowish, hygroscopic powder obtained from ergot : it is inodorous, taste-
less, and readily soluble in water. Kecommended for ii^jection as a substitute for ergotin in
epilepsy ; inferior to ergot in gynecology. Dose, ^ gr.

SCOPARIN. CsiHsAo.

liight yellow crystals, sparingly soluble in cold water and alcohol, easily soluble in hot
water and hot alcohol. Employed as diuretic. Dose, by the mouth, 0.5-1 Gm. (8-15 gr.) ; subcu-
taneously, 0.03-0.06 Gm. (3^-1 gr.).

SCOPOLAMIN HYDROBROMID. CiTHaN04HBr. iSJimonyin; HyosdnHydrobromin.

An alkaloid found in the roots of the Scopolia atremoideSf claimed to be identical to com-
mercial hyoscin. Occurs in hygroscopic crystals. Used as a mydriatic and sedative. Exter-
nally in ophthalmology, ^p-| per cent, solution ; subcutaneously for insane, liv^ S^** ^^ <tl^
HycMscin.

SCULCOPINE.

A preparation of hydrastis and skullcap, used as a local astringent.

SECALIN. See under Trimethylamin.

SECALOSE.

A carbohydrate obtained from green rye. It is soluble In water, from which it is precipi-
tated by alcohol. Desiccated over sulfuric acid it forms a white powder which is very hygro-
metric. By inversion it is converted into levulose.

SEDATIN. See under Antipyrine.

SEDATIN-VALERYL-AMIDO-PHENETOL. See under Phenacetin.

8ENECINE.

An elixir prepared from Senecio jaeobaaf recommended as an emmenagogue. Not to be
confused with the alkaloid of Seneeio vulgaris.

SEPTENTRIONALIN.

An alkaloid prepared from the Aconitum sepientrionaUf recommended as an antidote in
strychnia poisoning, also in treatment of tetanus and hydrophobia.

SEQUARDIN.

A sterilized testicle-fluid (Brown-S^uard).

SI^RIB^LE, or S^RIB^LI.

A teniafuge, consisting of seeds and root-bark of Oonnertu ttfricanut. Dose, 60 Gm. (2
ounces), in decoction, as tapeworm remedy.

SEROSINE. Synonym: Brom-anilin.

A proprietary antipyretic, aseptic, and nervine.

SERUM ANTIDIPHTHERITICUM. See Diphtheria-antitoxin.

SERUM ANTIDIPHTHERITICUM EXSICCATUM.

A serum in the form of golden-yellow needles, soluble in twice its weight of cold water.
Occurs in the market in tubes containing 1 Gra., corresponding to 10 Cc. of the normal fluid
serum.

122 THE NEWER REMEDIES.

SERUM ANTITOXINS (Concentrated).

These are prepared, according to O. Bujwid (" Wien.Med. Presse"), by freezing. The water
separates out in form of ice crystals, and a brownish liquid remains. If the mixture is then
thawed cautiously, two layers will be formed, the upper one colorless and nearly inactive, the
lower one intensely yellow and of high antitoxic power. After two or three successive concen-
trations by freezing, a toxin is said to result that represents 1000 antitoxin units in 1-2 Cc, and
retains its full strength for more than a year.

S^RUM ANTIVENIMEUX (Dr.Calmette).

A remedy for snako-bite. Prepared from the blood of asses and horses which have been
immunized i^ainst snake-poisons. The power of immunization is 1 in 10,000 — t. e., 0.1 Cc. is
sufficient to immunize a rabbit weighing 1 kg. against a dose of 0.001 Gm. (^gr.) of the dried
venom of a cobra. The dose for adults is 20 Cc. ; for children, 10 Cc. ; in very dangerous cases
the dose is doubled.

SERUM PASTE.

The freshly prepared serum from ox-blood is thoroughly mixed with 25 per cent, of zinc
oxid and steriliz^ at 70^ C. in a thermostat. When painted over denuded or diseased surfaces
it dries quickly, leaving a film which is readily removed by washing with water.

SERUM POWDER.

A mixture of freshly prepared serum and zinc oxid (25 per cent.) is spread on glass plates
and dried, then finely powdered and sterilized at 100° C. Recommended as an antiseptic dusting-
powder, to be employed alone or mixed with iodoform.

SERUM SUBLIMATUM.

Prepared, according to Lister, by adding 1 part of corrosive sublimate to from 50 to 100
parts of serum, as nearly as possible free from blood. Used subcutaneously as antiseptic, and for
impregnating bandages.

SILVER FLUORID. AgFl.

This forms a brown, glassy, hygroscopic mass, very soluble in water. Used as an antiseptic
in anthrax infection.

SILVER lODATES. See Iodic Acid.

SILVER LACTATE. SeeActoI.

SILVER SULFO-CARBOLATE. /Synonym: Silver sulfo-phenate.

An antiseptic, used like itrol and argonin, in eye diseases and wounds. It occurs in white,
prismatic needl^ containing 28 per cent, of silver. Prepared from silver carbonate and sulfo-
carbolic acid. The preparation must be protected from light and air, otherwise it is liable to
split up into metallic silver and phenol. It is said to possess good antiseptic properties, and to
be preferable to silver nitrate, owing to its non-corrosive action.

SIMULO.

A 20 per cent, tincture of the seeds of Capparit careacea, recommended, mixed with wine,
for hysteria and epilepsy.

SINAPOL.

A mixture recommended as an external application for headache, neuralgia, rheumatism,
etc.:

Spiritof rosemary (1: 16), 780 Gm.

Cfastor oil, 120 Gm.

Menthol, 30 Gm.

Essence of mustard, 30 Gm.

Aconitin, 0.4 Gm.

SINKOLIN. SeeCholin.

SIROLIN.

A name given to a preparation of beech-tar containing a very lar^ proportion of guaiacol,
which is recommended for the treatment of patients suffering from diseases of the respiratory
organs. The dose for an adult is given as 1 teaspoonful three times a day.

SOCOTRINE.

A veterinary remedy for colic.

SODIUM SALTS.

Only the most important of the new salts are enumerated.

ACETSULFANILID {SULFANILID). A white, crystalline, hygroscopic mass, easily
soluble in water, less so in alcohol, insoluble in ether. Substitute for antipyrine ; preferable
because of greater solubility and consequent more rapid effect.

A CID SALICYlrSULFONA TE. See Sodium Acid Sulfosalicylate.

ACID SULFOSALICYLATE. CeHg/OHJCOsHSOaNa. Symnym: Sodium Acid Salicyl-
sulfonate. Prepared by the action of sulfuric acid on salicylic acid and neutralization of the
product with sodium carbonate. Colorless crystals, soluble in water. Recommended as a sub-
stitute for sodium salicylate in rheumatism.

ANISATE. C(jH4(OCH3)COONa. Anisic acid is obtained by oxidizing anetbol (main con-
stituent of anise oil) with a mixture of sulfuric acid and potassium bichromate ; the sodium salt
is made by neutralizing an aqueous solution of this acid with sodium carbonate, eyaporating, and
crystallizing. Sodium anisate forms a soluble crystalline powder, which is recommended as a
substitute for sodium salicylate, being an antirheumatic and antipyretic. Dose, 0.^1 Gm.
(5-15 gr.).

THE NEWER REMEDIES, 123

ARSENO-TARTRATK A stable, soluble arsenic salt, recommended as a substitute for
potassium arsenite and arsenous acid. One Gm. equals 0.3225 Gm. arsenous acid.

ing a e
ployed

BISMUTH CITRO-PYROBOBA TE. Occurs in form of glistening leaflets, soluble in
water, insoluble in alcohol. Employed in dyspepsia and gastralgia.

BORATE^ NEUTRAL (Bourgeois). Prepared by neutralizing a solution of boric acid
with borax. A powerful and non-irntant antiseptic for surgical and ophthalmologic purposes.

BORO-BENZOATE. Consists of borax, 3 parts, and sodium beuzoate, 4 parts, which are
dissolved together in water and evaporated to dryuess.

CA COD YLA TE. See Sodium Kakody late.

CAFFEIN SULFATE. ^ynon^Tiu ; Sodium Caffein Sulfonate ; Symphoral-sodium. Rec-
ommended as a diuretic in dropsy and obesity. Dose, 1-4 Gm. daily.

CANTHARIDINA TE. Cantharidin, 0.2 Gm., and sodium hydrate, 0.3 Gm., are dissolved
in 20 Cc. of distilled water with aid of heat. The solution is made up to 1000 Cc. Used by
Liebreich subcutaneously for tuberculosis of the throat. Dose, 0.5 Gm. (8 minims) of the above
solution, corresponding to 0.0002 Gm. {^^ gr.).

CHLORO'BORA TE is obtained by reaction between boron terchlorid and sodium hydrate.
It forms a soluble, white, crystalline powder, possessing powerful antiseptic properties.

CINNAMATE. (C»H6CH=CHC00Na). A white, crystalline powder, soluble in water.
Recommended in 5 per cent, sterilized solutions, hypodermically and internally, in treatment of
tuberculosis.

CITRO-BENZOA TE. A white powder, easily soluble in water, very sparingly soluble
in alcohol Used for bronchitis and asthma.

CITRO-PHOSPHA TE. Synonym : Melachol. Sodium phosphate 100 parts, sodium nitrate
2 parts, and citric acid 13 parts, are rubbed up together until a homogeneous fluid results,
which is then mixed with 1(X) parts distilled water. The solution is used for liver complaints.

CRESYLATE. An alkaline salt, which is used as antiseptic for the same purposes as
cresylic acid.

DI'IODO-SALICYLATK rCeH2(0H)Tj. + C00Na]» + SHjO. Diiodosalicylic acid is ob-
tained by the action of iodin and iodic acid on salicylic acid in alcoholic solution ; the sodium
salt of this acid is obtained by neutralization with sodium carbonate. This salt forms white,
crystalline scales, which are soluble in 50 parts of water. Employed as an analgesic, antipyretic,
and antiseptic in doses of 0.5-1 Gm. (8-15 gr.).

DIOXID. NagO^. Synonym : Sodium Peroxid. A white powder soluble in water. Used
by dentists for bleaching teeth from which the nerve-pulp has been removed ; also for disiufeo-
tioQ of the root-canals.

DI'THIO-SALICYLATE, I. and IL See Di-thio-salicylic Acid.

ETHOJTY'PHENYL^UCCINAMID. See Sodium Phenosuccinate.

ETHYLA TEf CHs-CHjONa, is formed by the action of metallic sodium upon absolute
alcohol. It forms a white powder, of caustic taste, soluble in alcohol and water. Employed in
treatment of psoriasis, lupus, etc., painting the parts with a 10 per cent, aqueous solution.

ETHYLSULFATE. NaGsH5S04. Prepared by neutralizing with sodium carbonate a
mixture of absolute alcohol and concentrated sulfuric acid, decanting and concentrating the clear
solution, and finallv recrystallizing from alcohoL It forms plates, which are soluble in water and
hot alcohol. Employed as cathartic.

FLUORID. Synonym : Fluorol. Prepared by neutralizing hydrofluoric acid with sodium
carbonate or hydrate. A white, crystalline powder, without odor, and having a saline taste;
soluble in water. It is employed in epilepsy, intermittent fever, and tuberculosis of children.
Externally it is an excellent antiseptic iu eye a£fections, where it is preferred to formal, silver
nitrate, and corrosive sublimate. The dose in epilepsy and intermitt«nts is 0.005-0.01 Gm.
(^;-l gr.), given in a solution of sodium bicarbonate. For gargles in infectious diseases and for
irrigation of the bladder in cystitis catarrhalis 0.5-1 per cent solutions are employed. In tuber-
culosis of children the dose is 0.1-5 Mg. (iAia-iV gr.).

OLYCERO-PHOSPITATE. CHtOs PO (ONa), + H,0. Occurs as a clear 50 per cent,
solution of light yellow color, miscible with water in all proportions. Employed in convales-
cence, nervous asthma, and in cases where the system needs phosphorus j also in lumbago and
morbus Basedowii. Dose, 0.2-0.25 Gm. (3-4 gr. ) a day, subcutaneously. In cases where it is sub-
stituted for jaborandi, when the latter Is objectionable, injections of 0.3-0.5 Gm. (5-8 gr.) a day
are administered on each side of the lumbar region.

GL YCOCHOLA TE. (CjeH^NOe Na). Used to promote the secretion of gall.

OUAIACOL-CARBONATE Synonym: Sodium Methoxysalicylate. Prepared by neu-
tralizing guaiaool-carbonic acid with sodium carbonate free from iron in d!lute alcoholic solution.
A white powder soluble in water. Similar to sodium salicylate in physiologic action, but milder
and free from side efi'ects.

OYNOCARDATE. A yellowish-white powder, easily soluble in water, sparingly soluble
in alcohol. Used with success for lepra. Dose, 2-4 Gm. (15-30 gr.).

HIPPURATE. Used for excess of uric acid in the system. Said to be more vigorous in
its action than salicylic acid and its compounds, and without evil after-efiects.

ICHTHYOL-SULFONA TE. See under Ichthyol.

lODA TE. See Iodic Acid .

KAKODYLATE. As(CHs)sONa. A white, amorphous powder, soluble in water. Rec-
ommended in psoriasis in doses of 0.25 Gm. (4 gr.) daily per os, and 0.1 Gm. (IJ^g'*) daily
Ruhcntaneonsly. Best given in solution : Sod. kakod., 1 Gm.; aqua, 15 Gm.; dose, 15 drops three
times daily.

124 THE NEWER REMEDIES.

KUSSINATE. NaCnHsrOio. A yellowish-white, amorphous, hygroscopic mass, of in-
teDsely bitter taste, sparingly soluble in cold water, easily soluble in hot water and alcohol.
Used for tape-worms.

METHOXYSALICYLA TE. See Sodium Guaiacol-carbonate.

NAPTHOLATE. See Microcidin.

NULCEJNA TE A white powder, soluble in water. Used as a diagnostic for tuberculosis*
also in pneumonia and puerperal infections. Dose, 2-3 Gm. (30-45 gr.).

08SALINA TE. The sodium compound of the acid of ox-marrow, recommended as a sub-
stitute for cod-liver oil.

OXYNAPTHOLATE {ALPHA). CioHft(OH).COONa. A white, odorless powder, easily
soluble in water, tasteless, but produces a mild burning sensation on the tongue after some time.
Its action is antithermic and antiseptic.

PARA*CRE80TA TE C«Hs(OH) (CH.)COtNa. Prepared by heating creosol sodium with
carbonic acid. Colorless and odorless crystalline powder, of bitter taste, insoluble in cold, solu-
ble in warm water. Similar to salicylic acid in action. Kecommended for acute articular rheu-
matism. Dose, 3-« 6m. (45-90 gr.) daily.

PEROXID. See Sodium Dioxid.

PHENOLSULFO-RICINATE is a solution of 4 parts of sodium ricinate in 1 part of
carbolic acid. A caustic fluid recommended in treatment of diphtheria.

PHENO-SUCCINA TE. The sodium salt of phenosuccin or pyrantin. It forms a white
powder, readily soluble in water. It is to be preferred to phenosuccin itself from a therapeutic
point of view, and may be administered in doses of 0.5-3 Um. (7^^-46 gr.) as an antipyretic and
antineuralgic.

SILICO-FL UORID. (NaF)8SiF4. A white, crystalline powder, which is only very slightly
soluble in water. Employed in aqueous solution (2 : 1000) as an antiseptic wash.

SOZOIODOLATE. CcHsIs(OH).SO«Na. -f 2HsO. ^^mons^m : Sozoiodol-sodium. A fine,
white, odorless crystalline powder, soluble in 13-14 parts of water and glycerin. The glycerin
solution is not affected by light ; the aqueous solution becomes dark. Antiseptic in 2-3 per cent,
solution.

SULFANILATE. (C«H4NH,.SOpONa.2H20). White plates, soluble in water. Recom-
mended for acute coryza and swelling of the nasal passages.

8ULF0CAFFEATE. Since the introduction of the sulfo group decreases the medicinal
potency in phenol groups, the same was tried here with success. It is bitter, crystalline, slightly
soluble in cold water ; non-toxic, does not irritate the stomach. Solutions containing more than
6 per cent, are not stable. Besides above, sodium, lithium, and strontium salts are prepared. A
powerful diuretic. Dose, 1 Gm. in capsule. See Lymphorol.

SULFOICHTHYOLATE. CsgHssSsOsNas. Prepared by neutralizing ichthyol sulfonic
acid with caustic soda. A brown-black, tarry mass of bituminous odor, soluble in water, alcohol,
and ether. The aqueous solution is dark brown, with greenish fluorescence ; the others are deep
brown. Uses the same as ichthyol.

8ULF0-RICINATE. {Solvin, Polysolve.) By the action of concentrated sulfuric acid on
the triglycerids of the fatty acids, or the fatty acids themselves, sulforicinic acid is formed ; this,
on neutralization with sodmm hydrate, gives the above-named salt. This is a brownish, syrupy
liquid, which is soluble Id alcohol and water. Employed as a solvent for iodin, iodoform, etc.

8ULF0-SA LICYLA TE. C«H8(0H) <^ go^a. ^^^^^^^ sulfonic acid is obtained by the

action of snlAiric acid on salicylic acid ; this product is then only partly neutralized with sodium
carbonate, resulting in the saturation of the sulfonio-acid group only. This salt forms a white,
crystalline powder, of a slightly acid and astringent taste, soluble in 25 parts of water and
insoluble in alcohol and ether. Proposed as a substitute for sodium salicylate.

SULFO-THIOPHENE. Use same as the Thiophenate.

8ULF0-TUMEN0LATE. See Tumenol.

SULFUR080-BENZ0A TE. A clear, colorless liquid, recommended as a harmless antisep-
tic. Used as a wash for wounds, it is said to cause more rapid healing than is the case with car-
bolic acid.

TA UROCHOLA TE. (C«H44NaN07S). Fine white crystals, soluble in water. Used to pro-
mote the secretion of gall.

TELL URA TE. Used in night-sweats of consumption in doses of 0.01-0.02 Gm. twice daily.
Gives off a garlic odor.

TETRABORATE. Prepared by mixing powdered borax (1.9 part) and powdered boric
acid (0.6 part) with water (0.1 part) in a porcelain dish and heating on a water-batb, stirring
constantly : the mass soon fuses, and on cooling is broken into pieces. Used as antiseptic instead
of boric acid ; usually applied locally in 16 per cent, solutions.

THIOPHENA TE. C4H.sS.S08Na. A white powder, sparingly soluble in water. Used for
prurigo in form of ointment (J^-1 per cent.).

THIOPHENE-SULFONA TE. C4H3S— SOgNa. Obtained, by neutralizing thiophene-sul-
fonic acid with sodium carbonate. It is a white, crystalline powder, of unpleasant odor, soluble
in water, and contains 33 per cent, of sulfur. Employed in prurigo as a 5-10 per cent, ointment.

TUMEN0L-8ULF0NA TE. See Tumenol.

SODOR.

A factory in Zflrich has placed on the market steel capsules of liquid carbonic acid under
the trade name " Sodor." The object of the capsules is the extemporaneous preparation of car-
bonated beverages, which any one may make at home in a bottle constructed for the purpose ; at
the moment it is closed gastight, the capsule within is opened and the carbonic acid mixed with
the contents of the bottle. All kinds of liquids can thus be impregnated with carbonic acid with-

THE NEWER REMEDIES. 125

out trouble. To prepare effervescing fruit lemonades, a little fruit juice and water are mixed in
a " Sodor " bottle and the contents of a capsule added.

SOLAN IN. C«H„N0i5.

A principle which occurs in the berries, flowering tops, and fruits of various solanaoeous
plants. Obtained from the aqueous acidulated extract of potato-sprouts by making alkaline with
ammonia and shaking with ether. Solanin occurs in colorless acicular crystals, melting at 235°
G. (455° F. ) ; bitter taste, insoluble in water, and but slightly in alcohol.

Recommended in doses of 0.01-0.06 Gm. (^1 gr.) as an analgesic in neuralgia, also in
bronchitis and asthma.

SOLPHINOL.

A mixture of borax, boric acid, and alkali sulfites. Used as an antiseptic.

SOLUTIO LITHANTRACI8 ACETONICA.

A solution of coal-tar 10 parts, in bensole 20 parts, and acetone 77 parts. Used in treatment
of skin diseases.

SOLUTOL. See under Cresol.

80LVE0L. See under GresoL

SOL V IN. See Sodium Sulfo-ricinate.

SOMATOSE. (D. R. P. Bayer.)

A preparation in which the albuminoids and nutritive constituents of flesh are converted
into soluble albumoses, 5 parts of somatose representing 30 parts of beef in nutritive value. Forms
a pale yellowish powder which is readily soluble in water, forming an almost odorless and taste-
less solution.

Employed as a food for patients afflicted with weak digestion, being given 15-30 Gm. (or
y^\ ounce) in milk, cocoa, or soup.

IRON SOMATOSE, or FERRO SOMATOSE. A preparation of somatose containing
about 2 per cent, of iron in organic composition. Forms a light brown, inodorous, and tasteless
powder, readily soluble in warm fluids ; does not attack the teeth nor constipate. Dose, 5-10 Gm.
daily.

MILK SOMA TOSE. A tasteless, inodorous, strength-giving food product in powder form,
prepared from milk. It contains the albumoses of milk in soluble form with 5 per cent, of tan-
nic acid organically combined. Used in chronic diseases of digestive organs such as are con-
nected with inflammation of stomach, typhoid and typhus affections. Daily doses for children,
1-2 teaspoonfuls ; adults, 2-3 tablespoonfuls.

SOMNAL. GrHijGlsOaN.

A compound of chloral, alcohol, and urethane, forming a clear, colorless liquid of burning
taste. Recommended as a hypnotic in doses of 15-30 HI, or 1-2 Gm. (15>^ gr.).

SOZAL. (G«H4(OH)S08)8A.l. Synonym: Aluminum-para-phenol-sulfonate.

Obtained by dissolving aluminum hydroxid in para-phenol-sulfonic acid. Forms a crys-
talline powder, soluble in water, glycerin, and alcohol ; possesses an astringent taste and a phenol-
like odor. Its aqueous solution is colored violet by ferric chlorid, and precipitates albumin ;
soluble in excess of alcohol.

Employed in solution (1 per cent.) as a wash for tubercular ulcers and purulent affections.

SOZALBUMOSE. See Antiphthisin.

SOZOBOROL.

A mixture of aristol, sozoiodolates, and borates, used in coryza.

SOZOIODOL. See Sozoiodolic Acid.

SOZOIODOLIC ACID. G«H|Is(pH)SOsH. Synonyms: Sozoiodol; Di-iodo-para-phenol-
sulfonic Acid. (D. R. P. Trommsdorff.)

This is obtained by the interaction between a solution of potassium-para-phenol-sulfonate
in dilute hydrochloric acid and a solution of potassium iodid and iodate (SKI + KlOg) in mole-
cular proportions. The acid potassium salt which crystallizes out is treated with the necessary
amount of sulfuric acid, whereby sozoiodol is liberated. Sozoiodol crystallizes from water in
acicular prisms with 3 molecules of water ; readily soluble in water, alcohol, and glycerin. Solu-
tions of this compound give a violet-blue coloration with ferric salts. Sozoiodol is employed as
an antiseptic, being usually used in 2 or 3 per cent, solutions. It is also employed as a dusting-
powder, containing 6-10-20 per cent., with powdered French chalk or starch as diliitent.

LEAD SOZOIODOL. Fine needles, sparingly soluble in water. Becomes yellowish on
exposure to air. Uses same as other salts of sozoiodol.

MERCURY SOZOIODOL, G6H2l2(OH)S03)2Hg, forms a lemon-yellow powder, obtained
by interaction between concentrated aqueous solutions of sozoiodol sodium and mercuric nitrate.
This compound is soluble in 500 parts of water, readily soluble in a solution of sodium chlorid.
It is employed chiefly in the treatment of syphilis, locally and subcutaneous! y. The 2.5 per cent,
solution, or 1 per cent, ointment or dusting-powder, is tne usual strength dispensed.

POTASSIUM AND SODIUM SOZOIODOL, G«HaIs(0H)S03K (or Na) + 2H2O, are ob-
tained by saturating the sozoiodolic acid with either potassium or sodium carbonate and. crystal-
lizing. Of these, the potassium salt is soluble in 50, and the sodium salt in 14, parts of water.
The aqueous solutions of these compounds gradually darken on exposure to light. These com-
pounds are employed in like manner to sozoiodolic acid.

SOZOIODOL-SODIUM. See Sodium Sozoiodolate.

ZINC SOZOIODOL. (G6H,l2(OH)S08)2Zn + SHjO, forms colorless crystals, soluble in 20
parts of water ; employed in medicine, like tike above.

126 THE NEWER REMEDIES,

SOZOLIC ACID. SeeAseptoL

8PARTEIN. CiftHMNf

An alkaloid which oocun with acoparin in the tops of Spartiwn teoparium. It forms a
Tolatile, oily Uquid, which boils at 288^0. (560.4<'F.) ; unites with adds, forming sUble crystalline
salts.

SULFATK ((Ci»HnNi)|HsS04 + 4HtO). Colorless, odorless, slightly hygroscopic crystals,
soluble in water and alcohoL Employed as a heart-tonic, like digitalis, in doses of 0.01-0.02 Gm.

SP ASMOTI N . See Sphacelotoxin.
SPASMOTOXIN. See Spasmotin.

SPERMIN. (GH,)tNH.

A base, belonging to the class of lencomains, obtained from the seminal fluid of animals.
Also found in yarious glands and organs of the human body. A readily soluble, crystalline sub-
stance, which is usually obtained in the form of the hydrochlorid. Spermin exerts a powerful tonic
and stimulating action upon the nervous system. A 2 per cent, solution is employed subcut»>
neously in quantities of >^ Cc. (8-97 minims) once daily in treatment of nervous diseases com-
plicated wiui anemia, also neurasthenia, tabes dorsalis, diabetes, syphilis, typhus, scorbutus, etc.

SPERMIN A URO-CHLORID. CjHBN.HCl.AuCla. Golden-yellow, brilliant plates, easily
soluble in water, alcohol, and ether.

SPERMIN PHOSPHATE. (C9H6N)4H4Ca(P04)^ White prisms, sparingly soluble in
water, easily soluble in alkalies and dilute acids, insoluble in alcohol.

SPERMIN POEHL. A 2 per cent, solution of the hydrochlorid of spermin, beingsteril-
ized, is adapted for subcutaneous injection. For external use the " Essentia Spermini Foehl "
is best adapted, being a 4 per cent, aromatic hydro-alcoholic solution of the spermin-sodium-
chlorid. This is given in doses of 10-30 drops in an alkaline mineral water every morning.

SPHACELOTOXIN. Si/nonyms: Spasmotin; Spasmotoxin.

According to Jacoby, the specifically active constituent of ergot is a nitrogen-free resin,
which he calls sphacelotoxin. It is stated to be active in very small quantities, and to have the

groperty of combining with bases, and, under circumstances, also neutral or feebly acid bodies,
phacelotoxin forms a yellow, amorphous powder which is readily dissolved by volatile solvents.
Dose, 0.032-0.08 Gm. (A-A f^-)-

SPHYGMOGENIN. (D. R. P. v. Hey den.)

Prepared by extracting the suprarenal capsule with water or alcohol, evaporating, and
separating superfluous matter by treatment with water, alcohol, or acetone. It is said to be
more etficient in increasing the blood-pressure than the dried suprarenal capsule. Used as anti-
dote in nicotin poisoning.

SPINOL.

A liquid saccharine extract of young, fresh spinach leaves, containing about 2.6 per cent
of iron. Proposed as a substitute for the leaves in the spinach cure for children. It has an
agreeable taste, and is given in anemia, chlorosis ; also as tonic for convalescents in doses of 1-8
gr. several times daily.

SPINOL SICCUM. Spinol in form of a light green powder.

SPLENIN.

An organo-therapeutic preparation made from the spleen.

STENOCARPIN.

A mixture of cocain hydrochlorid, atropin sulfate, and salicylic acid.

STERESOL.

A brown, thick liquid, obtained by dissolving shellac 270 parts, gum benzoin 10 parts,
balsam tolu 10 parts, phenol 100 parts, oil of cinnamon 6 parts, and saccharin 6 parts, in
alcohol sufficient to make 1000 parts. Recommended as an antiseptic varnish for tubercular
sores and various skin diseases.

STERIFORM (Chlorid).

According to Rosenberg, it is composed of formaldehyd, 5 parts ; ammonium chlorid, 10
parts ; pepsin, 20 parts ; and milknsugar, 65 parts.

STERIFORM (lodid).

Composed of formaldehyd, 6 parts ; ammonium iodid, 10 parts ; pepsin, 20 parts ; and
milk sugar, 65 parts.

STERISOL.

According to Anfrecht, sterisol contains sugar of milk, 2.98 parts; sodium chlorid, 0.672
parts ; potassium phosphate, 0.322 parts ; formaldehyd, 0.520 parts ; water, 95.506 parts. Used
as antiseptic in infectious diseases.

STHAVARA.

An antiseptic for hypodermic treatment of hernia.

THE NEWER REMEDIES, 127

STOMATOL.

Ck>m position is : Terpineol, 4 parts ; soap, 2 parts ; alcohol, 45 parts ; aromatics, 2 parts ;
glycerin, 5 parts ; water, 42 parts. Used as antiseptic.

STRONTIUM SALTS.

These salts have been recommended as preferable to the corresponding salts of sodium or
potassium for the same diseases, on the ground of being better tolerated by the system. The
bromid, carbonate, iodid, and lactate are most frequently used. Also—

CAFFEIN SULFONATE, Synonym: Symphoral Strontium. Used with success for
inflammation of the kidneys.

QLYCERINO-PHOSPHATE. A white powder, soluble in water. It contains 2&-27 per
cent, of phosphoric acid. It is precipitated from solution on warming, also by various salts.
See Glycerino-phosphoric Acid.

LORETINATE {Basic). Sr.I.O.C9H4N.S08. Fine, bright needles, slighUy soluble in
water, decomposed at 300^ C.

LORETINATE (Normal). Sr(I.OH.C»H4N.S08)s.H80. Orange-red, prismatic crystals,
sparingly soluble in water.

SALICYLATE. {SriOjUMi)' White crystals, sparingly soluble in water and alcohol.
Kecommended as the best remedy for chronic gout and rheumatism when complicated by diges-
tive disturbances. Also recommended as a very good intestinal antiseptic instead of salol.
Dose, 0.&-1 Gm. (10-15 gr.) two or three times daily.

STROPHANTHIN. CsoHaiOw or QnH4Aj(n

The active principle (a glucosid) of the seeds of the species of Strophanthta. Forms a
white, crystalline powder, melting at ISo^'C. ( 365^ F.), soluble in 40 parts of water (18^ C), readily
in alcohol. Strophanthin is employed as a substitute for digitalis, being free from all disturbing
effects upon the respiratory centers and producing less gastric disturbance. Dose, 0.0002-0.0003
Om. (siv-viv gT')- Very powerfiil ; should be used with great caution. Antidotes, aconite and
veratrum viride. Commercial strophanthin is quite variable in strength, hence uncertain in
effect.

STRYCHNIN.

Of late employed for chronic alcoholism. Dose,bypodermically, 0.008-0.006 Gm. ( ^ - ^ gr.).

ARSENITE. White, mlcrocrystalline powder, of bitter taste, sparingly soluble in water.
Employed as diuretic and tonic in consumption subcutaneously. Dose, 4-15 drops of a 0.5
per cent, solution in liquid paraffin oil or albolene.

HYDRID. Obtained by the action of metallic sodium on strychnin in a boiling alcoholic
solution. Its physiologic action is in every respect the opposite of that of strychnin, and it
may, therefore, be used as a physiologic antidote in strychnin poisoning. It resembles mor-
phin in having a similar paralyzing action.

HYDROIODATR C^^R^jP^^lOz. Ck>lorle8s needles, soluble in water. Used as tonic ;
also in anesthesia and paralysis. Dose, subcutaneously, 0.001-0.006 Gm. (^t^ gr.).

SACCHARIN ATED. Consists of 64.6 per cent, of strychnin and 35.4 per cent, of
saccharin.

STYPTICIN. See Cotamin Hydrochlorid.

STYRACOL. (GUAIACOL CINNAMATE.) C»Hb.CH = CH.C0,C«H4.0CH,.

This is the cinnamic ester of guaiacol. It is prepared by warming a mixture of guaiacol
and cinnamyl chlorid in molecular proportions. This coraj>ound forms colorless needles, which
melt at 130<^ C. (266° F.) ; insoluble in water, readily soluble in alcohol. Styracol is employed in
catarrhal affections of the digestive organs, also in the treatment of phthisis. Dose, 1 Gm.
(15 gr.).
STYROL. CeH6.CH.CH2. Synonyms: Cinamol; Phenylethylene.

A transparent fluid of aromatic odor, insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol and ether.

STYRON. C«H6.CH = CH.CHj.0H. iS'ynonym • Phenyl Allyl Alcohol.

A thick, brown, oily fluid (B. P. 250° C), which emulsifies with water. Used as antiseptic
and deodorizer.

SUCCUS ANISI OZONATUS. SeeManol.
SUCROL. SeeDulcin.

SUGARINE.

A compound havinf^ 500 times greater sweetening power than sugar. Its composition is
methyl-benzol-sulfinid, and it is prepared in the following manner: Toluol-cyan-sulfamid is
boiled with water and sufficient caustic potash to effect saponification. The solution is cooled,
and sulfuric acid added to precipitate the new compound. It is purified by recrystallization from
dimethyl-benzol.

SULFANILIC ACID. (CeH4NH2.SOaH.) iS^nj^ ; Para-amido-benzene-sulfonie Acid.

Recommended by Valentine in acute catarrhs in doses of 2-4 Gra. daily ; best after fol-
lowing formula: Ac. sulfanilic, 10 Gm.; sodium bicarb., 8.5 Gm.; aqua, 200 Gm. From 40-80 Co.
to be taken in two doses.

SULFHYDRAL.

A proprietary antiseptic and antiparasitic, used in infectious and contagious diseases.

SULFINDUM ABSOLUTUM.

Absolutely pure saccharin, free fk'om isomers. See Saccharin.

128 THE NEWER REMEDIES.

SULPONAL. SeeSulpbonsL
8ULFO-TUMENOLIC ACID. SeeTumenoI.

8ULPURARIA.

A sediment of the San Filippo Springs. A yellow powder, oontaining 32.96 per cent of
ealfhr, calcium sulfid SS.55 per cent., organic substances 13.44 per cent., siuca and strontium
sulfate 1.07 per cent. Used in skin diseases.

SULFURIC ACID PASTE.

A caustic application composed of a mixture of equal parts of sulfuric acid and powdered
saflnron, the latter being employed because of the finely subdivided condition of the carbon

SULPHALDEHYD. (SULFALDEHYD.)

Prepared by treating acetaldehyd with hydrogen sulfid. An oily fluid of repulsive
odor, which has been recommended as hypnotic.

SULPHAMINOL. (SULFAMINOL.) C,H4<^>C«HsOH. Syntmym: Thio-oxy^i-
phenylamin.

Obtained bv boiling meta^oxy-diphenylamin with sulfur and caustic soda solution, and
precipitating with a solution of ammonium chlorid. Sulphaminol forms an inodorous, pale
yellow powder, melting at 155° C. (311° F.), insoluble in water, soluble in alkali solutions,
alcohol, and glacial acetic acid. Employed as a substitute for iodoform ; used as a deodorizing
antiseptic for both internal and external use. It readily breaks up, yielding phenol and sulfur.
Internally employed in cystitis, dose being 0.25 6m. (about 4 gr.).

SULPHONAL. (SULFONAL.) (CHa)aC(SOiCsHft)s. Synonym: Di-ethyl-sulfon-dimetbyl
Methane.

Through a mixture of anhydrous eth^l-mercaptan (CtHtSH) and acetone (CHsCO-CHg),
dry hydrochloric acid gas is passed, resulting in the condensation product mercaptal (di-thio-
etnyl-di-methyl-methane), which on oxidation yields sulphona). Forms colorless, permanent
crystals, melting at 125°-126° C. (257°-258.8° F.); soluble in 500 parts of cold and 15 parts of
boiling water, in 65 parts of cold and 2 parts of boiling alcohol.

Employed as a valuable hypnotic in doses of 1-2 Gm. (1&-30 gr.).

SULPHO-PARALDEHYD. (SULFO-PARALDEHYD.) (C4H4S,),. Synonym : T^-ihi-
aldehyd.

Occurs in crystals, soluble In alcohol, insoluble in water. Becommended as hypnotic.

SULPHO-SALICYLIC ACID. (SULFO-SALICYWC ACID.) CflHs(SOaH)(OH)COOH.

Synonym : Salicyl-sulfuric Acid.

This is prepared by the action of Aiming sulfuric acid on salicylic acid; it forms white
crystals, which are soluble in water and alcohol. Employed as a substitute for sodium salicylate
in treatment of articular rheumatism. This compound is a valuable reagent for proteids,
albumins, and peptones. An albumose or peptone is precipitated, but redissolves on boiling the
solution, while albumin or globulin does not.

SULPHURINE.

A preparation of some of the higher sulfids of sodium and potassium with sulfur.

SULPHUR-VASOGEN.

This is a vasogen preparation recently introduced, which is claimed to have the advantage
over other sulfur preparations of penetrating deeper into the skin. It is offered in semi-solid and
in fluid form, ana is said to have given very gooa results in seborrheic processes.

SUPRADIN.

A powder prepared from the suprarenal capsules, containing 0.015 per cent, of iodin.

SUPRADIN (Roche).

An extract prepared from suprarenal capsules.

SUPRARENADEN.

A preparation made from the suprarenal capsules, used in Addison's disease, menopause,
neurasthenia, and diabetes insipidus. Dose, 1-1^ 6m. (15-23 gr.) daily.

SUPRARENALES SICC. PULV. See GUndule Suprarenales.

SYCOSE. Synonym for Saccharin.

S Y M P H O RO L. See Sodium Sulfocaffeate.

SYMPHOROL-LITHIUM. See Lithium Caffein Sulfonate.

SYMPHOROL-SODIUM. See Sodium Caffein Sulfate.

SYMPHOROL STRONTIUM. See Strontium Caffein Sulfonate.

SYNDETICON.

A varnish prepared by dissolving 100 parts of flsh glue in 125 parts of acetic acid (glacial),
mixing with a solution of ^ parts of gelatin in 125 parts of water. This solution is then mixed
with 20 parts of shellac varnish (concentrated alcoholic solution of shellac).

SYRINGIN.

White needles, sparingly soluble in cold water, easily soluble in hot water and hot alcohol,
insoluble in ether. Employed as febrifuge in malaria.

THE NEWER REMEDIES, 129

TAOULAWAYA.

A yellow, turbid oil, of peculiar odor, obtained from the bark of Parameria wlneraria by
boiling with cocoanut oil. Used externally for wounds.

TAKA-DIASTASE.

A diastasic ferment obtained by the action of the spores of the Aingus Eurotium oryzai
(Taka-moyashi), on wheat bran. A yellowish- white, very hygroscopic powaer, recommended in
aigestive disorders, particularly those resulting from deficient secretion of saliva and hyperacidity
of the stomach. Dose, 0.1-0.3 6m. (13^-5 gr. ) with meals.

TAMAQUARE.

A remedy for clearing up corneal opacities.

TANGHININ. CioHi«.

A principle obtained from the Janghinia venenifera, which is used as a substitute for stro-
phanthin. Colorless crystals, sparingly soluble in water, readily soluble in alcohol and ether.
Stated to resemble strophanthin in physiologic action.

TANNAL (Insoluble). Ala(OH)4(GiAOo)2 + lOHjO. /SJs^nonym ; Aluminum Basic Tannate.

Formed by precipitating a solution of an aluminum salt with a solution of tannic acid in
presence of an alkali. Tannal is a brownish-yellow, insoluble powder, employed as an astringent
m catarrh of the respiratory organs.

TANNAL (Soluble). Al2(G4H606)2(Ci4HoOo)2 + 6HsO. .S^nonj^m ; Aluminum Tannic-tartrate.

Obtained by treating insoluble tannal with tartaric acid, yielding a brownish-yellow, soluble
powder, which is employed for the same purpose as the above.

TANNALBIN, (D. R. P. Knoll.)

A red-brown powder which is recommended as an excellent intestinal astringent in chronic
and subacute intestinal catarrh. Dose for adults, 3-10 Gm. ; for children, 0.5-1 Gm. Tannalbin,
which is a compound of tannin and albumin, may be prepared as follows : To 10 parts of a 10
per cent, solution of albumin 6.5 parts of a 10 per cent, solution of tannin are added ; the precip-
itate formed is collected on a strainer, washed, pressed, and dried at 30^ C. The resulting mass
is then triturated and forced through a fine sieve, and finally spread out in thin layers and dried
for six hours at 120° C. This compound is only decomposed by the alkaline secretions of the
intestines.

TANNALBIN (Veterinary).

A tannalbin specially prepared for yeterinary use. Used as an intestinal astringent in
treating diarrhea of animals. For horses, a dose of 20-24 Gm. (5-6 drachms) is recommended.

T A N N I G E N . Ci4H8( COCH8)209. Sywmym : Diacetyl Tannin. ( D. R P. Bayer. )

An acetic ester of tannic acid, prepared by the action of acetic anhydrid on tannin dis-
solved in glacial acetic acid. Forms a yellowish-gray, odorless and tasteless, hygroscopic powder,
insoluble m water, only slightly soluble in ether, very soluble in alcohol. Its solutions are colored
blue-black by ferric chlorid and decomposed by alkalies. Tannigen is recommended in treatment
of chronic diarrhea, acting as an intestinal astringent, since, owine to its insolubility, it passes
through the stomach into the intestines, where in presence of the alkaline secretions it is broken
up into its constituents.

TANNOFORM. CHa(Ci4H»0»)2. i^onym ; Methylen-ditannin. (D. R. P. Merck.)

A condensation product of gallo-tannlc acid and formaldehyd, obtained by adding formal-
dehyd to an aqueous solution of tannin, then precipitating with hydrochloric acid. Tannoform
forms a pale rose-colored, bulky powder, insoluble in water, soluble in alkaline solutions. Used
in dermatology, for burns, decubitus, hyperidrosis ; also in ozena, pruritus, hemorrhoids; inter-
nally in chronic intestinal catarrh. Internal dose, 0.25-0.5 Gm. ; externally, 10 per cent, oint-
ment, or dusting-powder with 2-4 parts of starch. Tannoforms are prepared, using in place of
gallo-tannic acid other tannins; thus we h&ye qtterci-, quebracho-, rAo/anio-tannoform, etc.

TANNON. (CHj)flN4.(Ci4HioO»)8. Synonym: Tannopin.

A condensation product of tannin, 87 per cent., and hexamethylene-tetramin (urotropin),
13 per cent. It is a light-brown, tasteless, slightly hygroscopic powder, nearly insoluble in water,
weak acids, alcohol, and ether, soluble in weak alkaline fluids. Recommended in acute and
chronic enteritis and typhoid fever. Dose, 1 Gm. (15 gr.) three or four times daily for adults ;
0.2-0.5 Gm. (3-8 gr.) for children.

TANNOPIN.

Another name for tannon, a condensation product of tannin and urotropin, which is used
for intestinal catarrh.

TANNOSAL. SeeCreoeal.

TAPHOSOTE. SeePhosote.

TARTARLITHINE.

This is an effervescent salt, the lithium analogue of cream of tartar, containing none of
the additional alkaline salts common to the granular effervescent preparations. It is recoro-
mended as a uric acid solvent, in place of the other salts of lithium, for gout, rheumatism, and
all the manifestations of uricacidemia, and is presented in tablet form.

Dose : One or two of the &-grain tablets, dissolved in a goblet of water, may be taken on a
reasonably empty stomach four times a day.

TARTARLITHINE AND SULFUR is prepared with equal parts of tartarlithine and
precipitated sulfur, compressed into 5-grain tablets. Indicated in the treatment of chronic sore
throat, chronic bronchitis accompanied with copious secretion ; in digestive difi&culties due to-
9

130 THE NEWER REMEDIES.

disordered action of the liver, which ultimately lead to lithemia and structural lesions, in addi-
tion to many benefits as a pulmonary or intestinal disinfectant. This combinsAion of sulfur,
probably after absorption, favors the Dile-pix>ducing function of the liver, since taurocholic acia
normally contains a large proportion of sulfur. It is prescribed in diseases of the nails, the
scalp, and generally in superficial skin diseases.
Dose, same as tartarlithine.

TEGMIN.

A new surgical dressing, recommended particularly as a protective covering during vacci-
nation. It is an emulsion of yellow wax, 1 part, acacia, 2 parts, and water, 8 parts.

TENIDE.

A remedy for diabetes.

TEREBENE. CioHi«. Synonym: Tereben.

This is produced by the action of concentrated sulfuric acid upon oil of turpentine and
repeated distillation for purification. It consists of a mixture of camphene, cymene. bomeol,
and terpilene. A pale yellowish fluid of thyme-like odor and turpentine taste, difficultly soluble
in water, readily so in alcohol, ether, glacial acetic acid, and acids. Specific gravity, 0.860.
Terebene is an agreeable antiseptic, disinfectant, and deodorizer, a 5 per cent, aqueous solution
forming a very serviceable surgical dressing, while its vapor is inhaled in treatment of bronchial
affections and pulmonary tuberculosis. Internally, in doses of 6 to 6 drops in emulsicoi or tablet
form, it acts as an expectorant

TEREBENE-GLYCERIN.

Prepared bv mixing 7 parts of glycerin, 4 parts of terebene, and 1 part of water, and shak-
ing the mixture thoroughly* with freq^uent exposure to air, until the separating glycerin remains
turbid upon standing. This product is employed for purulent wounds, and appUed by covering
the wounds with cotton or gauze saturated with it.

TERMINALIA. See Myrobalanen.

TERPENE lODID. See lodo-terpin.

TERPIN HYDRATE. CioH„(OH), + HA

A mixture of rectified turpentine oil, 4 parts, alcohol, 3 parts, and nitric acid, 1 part,
is set aside in a shallow porcelain dish for several days ; crystals of teipin hydrate separate, and
these are recrystallized from 95 per cent, alcohol. For description, see *' U. S. P.," p. 404. Em-
ployed as expectorant in bronchitis and chronic nephritis, in doses of 0.2-0.4 Gm. (8-6 gr.).

TERPINOL. CsoHmO.

By the distillation of terpln hydrate with dilute sulfiirio acid terpinol is obtained ; this
consists of a mixture of terpineol (C10H17OH), an alcohol, and three terpenes (CioSie), terpinene,
terpineolene, and dipentene. Terpinol is an oily liquid, of hyacinthine odor, boiling at 168<^ C,
sp. gr. 0.852, insoluble in water and soluble in alcohol and ether. Employed as a bronchial
stimulant in doses of 0.6-1 Gm. (8-15 gr.). Terpinol is sometimes used to mask the odor of
iodoform.

TERRALIIM.

An ointment vehicle which is claimed to be neutral^ and does not give stains like the fate.
It consists of a mixture of plaster-of-Paris, kaolin, infusorial earth, lanolin, glycerin, and indif-
ferent antiseptics.

TERROL.

A mixture of hydrocarbons of the paraffin series, obtained from the r&^idues of the distilla-
tion of petroleum. Forms a petrolatum-like mass, which is offered as a substitute for cod-liver
oil.

TERROLINE.

A name for a special brand of petroleum Jelly.

TERTIARY AMYL ALCOHOL. See Amylenum Hydratum.

TESTADEN.

Prepared from the testes of the bull. Its strength is five times that of the f^resh organs.
Employed in affections of the spinal cord and nerves. Dose, 6-8 Gm. (90-120 gr.) daily.

TESTES SICCATI PULV.

A dry powder obtained from the testicles of the steer by evaporating and removing the
fatty matter. One part of the above represents six parts of the fresh gland. Used in bvsteria,
hystero-epilepsy, neurasthenia, diseases of brain and spine, in doses of 1-2 Gm. daily. See
Organo-therapeutics in Addenda.

TESTIDIN.

An alcoholic extract prepared from the testes of the bull.

TESTINE (Hammond's).

A sterilized extract made from the testes of the ram ; used for nervous debility, impair-
ment, etc. See Animal Extracts, also Organo-therapeutics in Addenda.

TETANUS ANTITOXIN.

An antitoxin prepared by Professors Behring and Knorr. Its method of preparation is
analogous to that of diphtheria antitoxin, and it is similar to this in nature and action. It is
put up in two forms — viz., as a dry powder, which is used for the treatment of developed cases of
tetanus in man or animals, and as a liquid, which is employed as a prophylactic. Its degree of

THE NEWER REMEDIES. 131

efficiency is measured by antitoxic units. The dr^ antitoxin is designated as a hundredfold
normal antitoxin— t. e., 1 Gm. is sufficient to neutralise 100 Gm. of the normal poison of tetanus.
It is put up in 6 Gm. vials, this quantity being theoretically sufficient to enect a cure. This

SDiantity is dissolved in 30 uc. of steriiixed water, at ASP C, and iigected hypodermically at a
ngle dose. The liquid form is of fivefold normal strength, and is employed hypodermically in
cases of wounds where there is reason to fear development of tetanus, in quantity proportionate
to the condition of the patient aud the length of time elapsed since the ii^jury.

TETRA-ALLYL-AMMONIUM-ALUM. N(C8H6)4.Al,(S04),.12HaO.

Prepared by evaporating to the crystallizing point equivalent quantities of tetraallylam-
monium sulfate and aluminum sulfate. The salt crystallizes in octahedra. Employed as uric
acid solvent.

TETRA-ETHYL-AMMONIUM HYDROXID. N(C|H6)40H.

This forms a hygroscopic, crystalline salt, of bitter taste, and very soluble in water. Recom-
mended as a uric acid solvent, being administered in doses of 10-15 minims of a 10 per cent,
solution.

TETRA-HYDRO-BETA-NAPTHALAMIN. See Thermin.

TETRAHYDRO - METHOXY - OXY - METHYL - DIQUINOLYLIN
SULFATE.

Wedge-shaped crystals of persistently bitter taste. Recommended as a substitute for
quinin.

TETRA-HYDRO-PARA-CHINANISOL. SeeThallin.

TETRA-IODO-ETHYLENE. C,!^.

An inodorous succedaneum for iodoform. It is prepared by adding calcium carbid to a
solution of iodin in potassium iodid, kept at 0*^ C. Forms non-volatile crystals melting at
187° C.

TETRA-IODO-PHENOL-PHTHALEIN. SeeNosophen.

TETRA-IODO-PYRROL. See lodol.

TETRANTHERA LAURIFOLIA. See Maidalakri.

TETRA-THIO-DICHLOR-SALICYLIC ACID. (88 = CftH(Cl)(OH)COOH)»

This is obtained by heating salicylic acid (27.6 parts) with sulfur chlorid (55 parts). It
forms a reddish-yellow powder, which is soluble in aqueous solutions of the alkalies. It is em-
ployed chiefly as an antiseptic dusting-powder.

TETRONAL. (C2H5)j.C.(S02CjH6)j. Synonym: Di-ethyl-sulfon-di-ethyl-methane. (D. R. P.
Bayer.)

An analogue of sulfonal and trional, differing in the possession of four ethyl groups, while
the former contoins two and the latter three. The method of preparation is the same as that of
sulfonal, only that di-ethyl-ketone (C2H5-CO-CSH5) is employed in place of acetone. This com-
pound forms colorless, crystalline scales, melting at 89° C. (192.2° F.); soluble in 450 parts of cold
water, readily in alcohol and ether. Tctronal is employed as a hypnotic in doses of 1-2 Gm.
(16-30 gr.).

TEUCRIN.

The purified extract of Teucrium tcordium sterilized in small glass tubes. It forms a dark-
brown fluid of pungent taste. Employed in treatment of tuberculous abscesses, fungous adenitis,
lupus, etc., producing local active hyperemia and organic reaction that arrests development of
these diseases. Dose, hypodermically, 50 minims; locally, 10 gr. as ointment with lanolin, once
daily.

TFOL.

A mineral bearing this name is used by the Arabs instead of soap for washing their sar-
ments. This body has a wax-like appearance, is fatty to the touch, and varies in color according
to the nature of metallic oxid which it contains, appearing red, gray, or pure white. It is found
throughout entire Algeria, and, according to researches by Lahache, consists of alkali and alka-
line earth silicates, calcium carbonate, fine gelatinous silica, alumina, alkali sulfates, andchlorids.
Since only a small proportion of the mineral is soluble in water, it is surmised that the cleansing
effect is due principally to absorption. Lahache proposes the mineral as a vehicle for an antisep-
tic emulsion, and directs 20 parts of tfol to be mixed with 100 parts of heavy tar oil, the mineral
being previously finely powdered and moistened with water. A stable, homogeneous paste is
obtained, from which the oil does not separate even on admixture with water.

THALLIN. G9HioN(OCH8). Synonym: Tetra-hydro-para-chinanisol.

This liquid base, a chinolin derivative, is obtained by heating a mixture of para-amido-
anisol, para-nitro-anisol, glycerin, and sulfuric acid at 150° C.; from the reaction product, after
being rendered alkaline, para-chinanisol is distilled off; this, on treatment with reducing agent«,
takes up four hydrogen atoms, forming the base thallin. This forms an oily liquid, of strongly
basic properties, uniting with acids, forming salts.

A CETA TE has been employed by Combemale for phthisic night-sweats, in form of pills
containing 0.1 Gm. (IJ^gr.) each. The daily dose is one pill, rarely two. The remedy is not
given longer than four days in succession, as the effects last eight or ten days. Toxic symptoms
were not noticed, but in three cases complete loss of hair resulted.

PERIODID. Si/nonym : Thallin Per-iodo-sulfate. A black, crystalline substance, soluble
in alcohol. Recommended for cancer in pill form. Dose, 0.05 Gm. (% gr.).

PERIODOSULFA TE. See Thallin Periodid.

SALICYLATE. Employed for similar purposes as other thallin salts.

132 THE NEWER REMEDIES.

SULFATE forms a white, crystalline powder, soluble in 7 parts of cold water, 100 parta of
alcohol, and insoluble in ether; it melts at 100° G. (212° F.). Oxidizing agents, as the halogens,
argentic and mercuric nitrate, ferric chlorid, etc., produce a bright green color. Internallj
thallin sulfate is an antipyretic in doses of 0.129-0.6 Om. (2-8 gr.) ; externally, as an antiseptic
injection, 1 to 2 per cent, solution.

TARTRATE is a yellowish, crystalline powder, soluble in 10 parts of cold water, almost
insoluble in alcohol and ether. Employed for same purposes as the sulfate.

THANATOL. 8eeGu»thaL

THEATRIN-JASPER.

A new ointment vehicle, consisting of wax, oil, and water, prepared by a new process not
described. It is a soft, homogeneous, yellowish-white ointment, which keeps perfectly, takes up
water to a fluid consistence, and penetrates deep into the skin. It is particularly suitable for
cosmetics, grease paints, etc. For medicinal purposes Jasper recommenas such combinations as
the following: Zinc oxid, 2 parts ; theatrin, 18 parts. M. i. ung. Or, iodin, 0.1 part; potassium
iodid, 1 part ; water sufficient for solution ; theatrin, 20 parts. M. f. ung.

THEOBROMIN. Oia^^O^

An alkaloid occurring in the seeds of Theobroma cacao (1.6 per cent.), obtained from the
pressed cacao mass by mixing with slaked lime and exhausting witn 8 per cent, boiling alcohol.
It is a white, crystalline powder, slightly soluble in water, alcohol, and ether. Theobromin is a
homologue of caflfein, differing in containing one CHg ^roup less ; it unites readily with alkalies,
forming soluble salts (see Diuretin). Because of its insolubility, theobromin is unsuitable for
use, but is employed in form of a double salt. In physiologic action it resembles caffein, being,
howeyer, free from any irritating action on the nerve centers.

SALICYLATE. C7H8N408.C02.0eH40H. Occurs in small white needles, having an acid
reaction and an agreeable bitter taste, slightly soluble in water. It is recommended as a substi-
tute for diuretin in the same doses. The advanta^^es claimed over the latter are that it is per-
fectly stable, not altered by air, moisture, or carbonic acid. (D. B. P. Merck.)

SODIUM IODID. Synonym: lodo-theobromin. A white powder, soluble in water,
decomposed by hot water. Used to increase arterial pressure; also as diuretic. Dose, 0.5 Gm.

(8gr.).

THEOBRpMIN-LITHIUM-SALICYLATE. SeeUropherin.

THEOLIN.

A substitute for benzin.

T H E R M I N . CioHn.NH2HCl. Synonym : Tetra^hydro-beta-napthylamin-hydrochlorid.

Obtained by the action of metallic sodium on a solution of beta^-napthylamin in amvl
alcohol. Thermin is a colorless liquid which, with hydrochloric acid, forms colorless, soluble
crystals, which melt at 237° G. (458.6° F.). Recommended by Filehne as a mydriatic ; further,
nothing definite is known concerning this substance.

THERMODIN. G8H4(OG2H6)N(COGH8)GOOC2Hft. Synonym : Acetyl-para-ethoxy-phenyl-
urethane. (D. R. P. Merck.)

This derivative of urethane was introduced to replace neurodin, which is too powerful
and rapid in its effects. Thermodin is a white, crystalline powder, melts at 86°-88° G. (186.8°-
190.4° F.), and is almost insoluble in cold water. Recommended as a mild antipyretic, free from
any unpleasant effects ; given in doses of 0.32-1 Gm. (5-15 gr.).

THERMOTAXINE.

A proprietary analgesic and antipyretic.

THIALDIN. NH(GHCH8.S)8GHGHa.

Prepared by action of sulfiiretted hydrogen on aldehyd ammonia, forming volatile crys-
tals, sparingly soluble in water, easily soluble in alcohol, ether, and acids. Used as heart
stimulant.

THILANIN.

This is a sulfurated lanolin, obtained by heating lanolin with sulfur at 230° G., and sub-
sequently washing. It forms a brown, unctuous mass, which contains about 3 per cent of sulfur.
Thilanin is employed as an application in various skin diseases.

THIOCAMPH.

Prepared by treatment of camphor with sulfarous acid. A yellowish-green liquid, used as
disinfectant.

THIOCOL.

The potassium salt of guaiacol-sulfonic acid. It contains about 60 per cent, of guaiacol,
and is in the form of a fine, white powder, which has a taste at first bitter, then sweetish. As
advantages over other remedies may be mentioned : Entire freedom from odor, great solubility
in water, ready absorption and freedom from irritant action on the mucous membranes. It is
claimed that these properties make it applicable for the most sensitive patients. Daily doses of
from 10-15 Gm. (150-225 gr.) maybe continued for a considerable time without disadvantage,
which is of the greatest importance in the creosote treatment. It causes no nausea or diarrhea.

THIO-DINAPTHYL OXID.

An orange-colored powder, insoluble in water and cold alcohol, easily soluble in hot alcohol,
ether, acetone, and chloroform. Employed in dermatology.

THIOPORM. See Dithiosalicylic Acids.

THE NEWER REMEDIES, 133

THIOL. A basic di-thio-stOicjlate of bismuth. (D. R. P. Riedel. )

A synthetic product of hydrocarbons obtained in a similar manner to ichthvol. The tarrj
oils obtained by the destructive distillation of peat are heated with sulfur at high temperature :
the unsaturated hydrocarbons which unite with the sulfur are removed, and by the action or
sulfuric acid at a low temperature converted into a sulfonated compound called thiol, which is
then purified by washing and dialysis, and evaporated (in vacuo) to an extractive consistence
(thiolum liquidum) or to dryness (thiolum siccum). Thiol forms either a brownish-black, thick
liauid (containing about 25 per cent, of dry residue) or a brownishoblack powder, which is
soluble in water and alcohol. It is precipitated from its aqueous solutions oy mineral acids,
metallic salts, or alkali earths. Thiol is employed in the treatment of various skin diseases, its
discoverers recommending it as a substitute for ichthyol. As an ointment the strength usuailr
employed is 10-50 per cent. The dry thiol, which is about 2^ times the strength of the liquid,
when mixed with starch is used as a dusting-powder. Internal dose is 0.13-0.6 Gm. (2-10 gr.).

OLYCERINA TED, A remedy for chilblain, consisting of equal parts of liquid thiol and
glycerin.

T H I O L I N . See Thiolinic Acid.

THIOLINIC ACID. -%nonym; Thiolin.

This is prepared by boiling together linseed oil (6 parts) and sulfur (1 part) ; the sulAirated
linseed oil which is thereby formed is warmed with sulfuric acid until solution takes place; the
oily product is poured into water and washed to remove the sulfuric and sulfurous acids. Thio-
linic acid forms a dark-green mass, of extract-like consistency, and a peculiar mustard-like odor ;
insoluble in water, but soluble in alcohol, it contains about 15 per cent, of sulfur. The sodium
salt, which constitutes a soluble powder, is preferred to the above. The medicinal properties
of thiolin are similar to those of thiol and ichthyol.

THIO-OXY-DIPHENYLAMfN. See Sulphaminol.

THIOPHEN DI-IODID. CAIjS.

Obtained by the action of iodin and iodic acid on thiophen. Forms crystalline plates,
insoluble in water, very soluble in chloroform, ether, and warm alcohol, melting at 40.5° G.
(104.9° F.), containing 75.5 per cent, of iodin and 9.5 per cent, of sulfur. Thiophen di-iodid is
employed externally as a powder and gauze in all instances where iodoform mignt be applied.

THIORESORCIN. CeH4(OS)8.

A sulfur derivative of resorcin, obtained by fusing 1 molecule of resorcin with 2 molecules
of sulfur. A yellowish-grav powder, insoluble in water ; recommended as an iodoform substi-
tute, as dusting-powder or in 5 per cent, ointment, but its use is followed by unpleasant symp-
toms.

THIOSALICYLIC ACID. C6H4(SH)COOH.

This is prepared from amido-benzoic acid, (C:eH4(NH2)COOH, by the action of nitrous
acid and sulfuretted hydrogen. It is employed, like salicylic and sulfo-salicylic acids, as an anti-
septic.

THIOSAPOL. (D. R. P. Riedel.)

A sulfuretted soda soap, prepared by heating unsaturated fats or fat acids, such as oleic acid,
with sulfur to a temperature of 120°-160°C. Sulfur enters into combination, the product con-
taining about 10 per cent. Soap containing sulfur in this state of combination is very service-
able in treatment of skin diseases.

THIOSAVONALS. (D. R. P. Riedel.)

Potash sulfur soaps which contain sulfur in a chemically combined state. For their pro-
duction sulfurized oils are used. Gmbe gives the following directions for the preparation of tnio-
savonals. Soft sulfur soap : The thick liquid thio-oil is made fluid with alcohol and gradually
mixed, while being constantly stirred, with an equivalent volume of potash lye, which is like-
wise thinned with alcohol. The addition of large quantities of potash lye at one time produces
separation of sulfur, but tiiis danger becomes less toward the end of saponification, ffxcess of
alkali is neutralized with volatile fatty acid. Eighty-five parts of soap are mixed with 16 parts
of glycerin. The mixture contains 5 per cent, of thiosebate of potassium. The liquid sulfur
soap differs from this only in containing more water.

THIOSINAMIN. CS(NHa)NH.CaH6. Synonyms: Allyl-sulfo-urea ; Rhodallin; Allyl-sulfo-
carbamid.

On heating a mixture of mustard oil (3 parts), alcohol (8 parts), and ammonia (6 parts), at
a temperature of 50° C, the pungent odor of tne oil disappears, and, on cooling, crystals of thio-
sinamin are deposited. This lorms colorless crystals of a slight alliaceous odor, melting at
74° C. (165.2° F.), very soluble in alcohol, water, and ether. Employed in treatment of lupus,
in subcutaneous injections of 15-20 per cent, alcoholic solution.

THIURET. CsHtNA.

A sulfurated compound obtained bv the oxidation of phenyl-dithio-biuret (C8H9N3S2).
Forms a light, inodorous, crystalline powder, insoluble in water, quite soluble in alcohol and
ether ; in contact with alkalies (warmed) it gives up its sulfUr. Thiuret, because of its kalyseptic
and germicidal pro{>erties, is recommended as a substitute for iodoform. Various salts of thiuret
have been prepared, such as the phenoUulfonatet hydrochloride hydrobromid, salicylate, etc. These
are more soluble in water than tiie base, and insoluble in ether and the oils. Their aqueous solu-
tions give a violet coloration with ferric chlorid and a white precipitate of the base (thiuret) on
addition of aqua ammonia.

THIURET PARA-SULFO-PHENATE. (SULFO-CARBOLATE.) CsHTNACeHr
OH.SO3H.

A yellow, inodorous, bitter powder, soluble in 880 parts of water, insoluble in volatile sol-
vents, melts at 216° C. Used as a substitute for iodoform in skin diseases.

134 THE NEWER REMEDIES.

THYCALOL.

A proprietarj antiseptic used in dentistry.

THYMACETIN. g,^, > CA < g^,co).

By the action of nitric acid, thymol ia oonyerted into nitro-thymol. firom which a sodinm
■alt ia prepared ; this, on heating with ethyl chlorid under preeaure, yields nitro-thymol-ethyl-
ether, which on reduction and aoetification yields thymacetin. This forms a white, crystalline
powder, meltins at \W* C. (276.8° F.). Blightly soluble in water and freelv in alcohol. Employed
in treatment of neuralgia in doses of 0.19-0.64 Gm. (8-10 gr.) ; it is said to produce unpleasant
effects.

THYMENTHOL.

A proprietary antiseptic.

THYMII SICC. PULV. See Glandula Thymi Sice. PuIt.

THYMOFORM.

Prepared by a reaction between thymol and forroaldehyd. It is a yellowish, tasteless
powder. haTing a feeble odor of thymol. It is readily soluble in ether, alcohol, chloroform, and
olive oil. insoluble in water, petroleum, ether, and ghrcerin. On boiling with sulfuric acid
formaldeliyd is split off. Thymoform is to be used ror the same purposes as iodoform and
dermatol.

THYMOL-CAMPHOR.

A compound thymol and camphor obtained by triturating the two constituents together.
Used in treatment of pruritus and pediculosis. ,

DI'IODID. Synonym: lodothymol. A powder resembling aristol, partially soluble in
ether. Used as antiseptic in treatment of wounas as a substitute for aristoL

TH YMOTOL. A synonym for Thymol.

THYMOZONE.

A proprietary antiseptic.

THY R A DEN. (Extractum Thyreodse, Haaf. ) Synonym : Thyreoidin.

This preparation is an extract of the thvroid gland, prepared according to an improved
metiiod by Dr. Haaf. It is said to possess all the active principles of the gland. Its non-toxic

Property and lack of odor are claimed as chief advantages over other similar preparations,
t is so diluted with sugar of milk that 1 part of the extract is equivalent to 2 parts of the fresh
gUuids.

Employed internally and subcutaneously in diseases caused by absence or defective action
of the thyroid gland. Fifty parts of thyraden represent 100 parts of the fresh gland. It appears

il) as drv milk-sugar trituration, 1 6m. of which represents 2 Gm. of fresh gland, containing 0.7
fg. of lodin ; (2) in pill or tablet form, each of which represents 0.8 Gm. of the fresh gland.
Dose, for adults, 1-1.6 Gm. (15-25 gr.) daily, increased in exceptional cases to5 Gm. (75 gr.); for
children, one-fourth to one-half the preceding. Indications of too large doses are: A feeling of
great weakness in the extremities, a subjective sensation of blood rushine to the head, then
palpitation of the heart and insomnia, with digestive disorders. Thyraiden is also used in
obesity and in various skin diseases.

THYREIN. Seelodothyrin.

THYREO-ANTITOXIN.

A nitrogenated crystalline substance, free from iodin, obtained from the thyroid glands
of sheep. Used in treatment of goiter.

THYREOIDIN. See Thyraden. '

THYREOIDIN (Notkine), PURIFIED.

An active albuminoid body, which represents all the activity of the thyroid gland. Occurs
in transparent scales, soluble in water. Dose, 0.1 Gm. once or twice daily. Snocutaneously,
1 Cc. of an aqueous solution (0.05-10). One drop of chloroform should be added to the solution
for preservation.

THYREOIODIN. Seelodothyrin.

THYREOPROTEID.

An albuminoid prepared from the thyroid gland by first extracting with ether to remove
fat and para-lactic acid, then with water, and after removing inert material the albuminoid is
precipitated by addition of sodium chlorid, purified by dialysis. Thyreoproteid is a toxic
albuminoid, and is used in Basedow's disease.

THYROIDINE (Hammond).

The sterilized extract of the thyroid glands of the sheep. Used for obesity, goiter, etc. See
Animal Extracts. Also Organo-therapeutics in Addenda.

THYROPROTEIN.

Notkine has recently isolated from the thyroid body an albuminoid which in properties
and composition differs from all other albuminoids hitherto described. Under certain conditions
this new body splits up, yielding a carbohydrate which is transformed with difSculty into a
reducing substance. With a fairly strong solution of ferric chlorid the albuminoid assumes a
gelatinous consistence ; tannin precipitates it in the form of thick flakes, or as a transparent

f gelatinous substance, according to the strength of the solution. It dissolves in weak acids, and
8 precipitated by alcohol, the precipitation rapidly becoming insoluble in water. The author

THE NEWER REMEDIES. 136

has named this suhstance " thyroprotein." From experiments on animals it appears to be verj
toxic, and is slowly eliminated. It acts at first as an excitant, afterward as a paralyzant, prob-
ably on the central nervous system. The author r^ards this albuminoid as identical with the
poison which accumulates in the organism after extirpation of the thyroid Ixxiy ; it is therefore
not a secretion of the gland, but a toxalbuniin, which it is the function of the thyroid gland to
neutralize by means of the peculiar ferment it elaiM>rates, and so prevent the accumulation of the
poison in the animal organism.

TINCTURA HJEMOSTATICA.

Denzel gives the following formula : Powdered ergot, 10 6m. ; alcohol, 20 Gm. ; and sulfuric
acid, 2 Gm. ; mixed, and 600 Gc. of hot water added. The mixture is evaporated to 200 Qm.,
and then 2 Gm. of c»lcium carbonate added. The insoluble matter is removed by pressure, the
liquid filtered, evaporated to 70 Gm., and, finally, 30 Gm. of alcohol and 3 drops of a concentrated
tincture of ginger added.

TOLYL-ANTIPYRINE. See Tolypyrine.

TOLYPYRINE. ^^\^^^<^,^,c.(m Syrwnynu: Tolylantipyrine ; Para-tolyl-di-

methyl-pyrazolon. (D. R. P. Hoechst.)

Antipyrine is the phenyl (C«Ht) derivative of di-methvl-pyran>Ion, while tolypyrine is the
tolyl (CeH4.GH8) derivative of the same, or the latter may Se considered as antipyrine in which
one hydrogen atom of the phenvl radicle is replaced by a methyl group. This compound forms
colorless crystals, melting at 136^-187<> C. (276.8°-278.6<> F.), soluble in 10 parts of water, readily
in alcohol, and insoluble in ether. Tolypyrine gives the same color reactions with ferric chlorid
and nitrous acid as antipyrine, and, like the latter, is employed as an antipyretic, antirheumatic,
and antineuralgic in the same doses, 0.5-2 Gm. (8-30 gr. ). According to P. Guttmann, 4 Gm. of
tolypyrine are equivalent in antipyretic action to 5-6 Gm. of antipynne.

TOLYPYRINE SALICYLATE. SeeTolysal.

TOLY8AL. C^4CH,N<^^^ ^^^ .C H O. ^V^^^tf^ ' Tolypyrine SalicyUte:

Obtained by fusing together equimolecular quantities of tolypyrine and salicvlic acid and
crystallizing from alcohol. Forms colorless crystals, melting at 101<^-102<' C. (213.8<*-215.6<>F.),
almost insoluble in water and readily soluble in alcohol.

Employed in chronic and acute rheumatism and rheumatic neuralgia in doses of 1-2 6m.
(15-30 gr.).

TONINERVIN.

By this name Dr. Canzler designates a new water-soluble salt of quinin discovered by him,
which he proposes as a roborant, stomachic, and antipyretic. Its exact composition is not given,
but it is stated to contain 4.5 percent, of iron. This is claimed to counteract the unpleasant
secondary eflTect incident to a prolonged use of quinin. The salt is also antiseptic and nacteri-
cide. Application as antipyretic requires doses of 0.1-0.3 Gm. (1^^ gr.)> at intervals of three
to four nours; for tonic or stomachic purposes doses of 0.05 Gm. (4-5 gr.) twice dally are
sufficient.

TONQUINOL. C»H(CH8)(C4H,)(NO,)» Sywmyms: "Artificial Musk"; Tri-nitro-iso-
bntyl-toluol.

This forms yellowish crystals which melt at 97° G. , and possess a strong odor of musk. (D.
R. P. Bauer.)

TOPASOL. " G." I., or Antiperonosporin, Zinci Cnpri Sulfas.

" 6." II., or Anticornutin, Zinci Gupri-ferro-sulfas.
" 6." III., or Antimucorin, Ferro-zinci-sulfas.
" G." IV., or Anticornutin, Ferro-zinci-calcii-sulfas.
" G." v., or Anticoroin, Ferro-zinci-magneeii-suUas.

These are presumably molecular mixtures of the given salts.

TRAUMATICIN.

A collodion-like preparation used as a vehicle for external medication.

TRAUMATOL. CtHjIO.

An iodocresol, of purple-red color, obtained by action of iodin on cresol. Yellow fine
powder, soluble in alcohol and oils. It is expected to find use as a substitute for iodoform, being
odorless, non-toxic, antis^tic, and non-irritating.

TREFUSIA.

A dark red-brown, soluble, granular powder, obtained by drying defibrinated blood.
Employed as a natural iron albuminate in chlorosis.

TRI-BENZOYL-OALLIC ACID.

Prepared by the reaction of benzoyl chlorid and gallic acid. Used as an intestinal astrin-

§ent. Colorless, odorless, and tasteless crystals, insoluble in water, readily soluble in alcohol,
plit up in the intestines with liberation of gallic acid.

TRI-BROM-ALDEHYD HYDRATE. See Bromal Hydrate.

TRl-BROM-ANILIN HYDROBROMID. SeeBromamid.

TRI-BROM-PHENOL. SeeBromol.

TRI-BROM-SALOL or CORDOL. See under Salol.

TRI-CHLOR-ACETIC ACID. CClgCGOH.

This is obtained by the action of chlorin on glacial acetic acid, or by the oxidation of an-

136 THE NEWER REMEDIES.

hfdrouB chloral by means of fuming nitric acid. Tricliloracetic acid occurs in colorlcos,
rhombic crystals, verj hygroscopic, of a slightly penetrating odor; melting at 56° C. (131° F.).
Very soluble in water and alcohol It is employed as a caustic in 10-60 per cent, solution, also as
a test reagent for albumin in urine.*

TRI-CHLOR-CARBOLIC ACID. See Ghlor-phenol (Tri).
TRI-CHLOR-PHENIC ACID. See Ghlor-phenol (Tri).
TRI-CHLOR-PHENOL. SeeOmaL
TRICRESOL. See under GresoL

TRICRESOLAMIN.

A mixture of 10 parts each of ethylene diamin and tricresol with 000 p&rta of water.
This forms a colorless fluid soluble in 2 parts of water. Used as wound antiseptic in ^ to 1 per
cent, solution. Of no value in gonorrhea, eczema, or psoriasis.

TRICRESOL PHOSPHATE. See Creosote Phosphate.

TRIFOLIO. See Narogamia.

TRIFORMAL. See Formalin.

TRIFORMOL. See Para-formaldehyd.

TRI-IODO-META-CRESOL. SeeLosophan.

T R I K R ESO L. See Tricresol under Gresol.

TRIMETHYLAMIN. N(CH,)a. ^nonym ; Secaline.

Prepared from herring-brine by distillation with milk of lime. A clear, colorless liquid,
haying a herring-like odor, soluble in water and alcohol. Employed in muscular rheumatism,
chorea, and paralysis agitans. Dose, 2-6 drops several times daily.

HYDROCHLORID, Deliquescent crystals of fish-like odor. Employed in gout and
rheumatism. Dose, 0.1-0.3 Gm. (i>^ gr.) in pills, three to five times daily.

TRI-METHYL-ETHYLENE. See Pental.
TRINITRIN. A synonym for Nitroglycerin.

TRINITRINUM COMPOSITUM.

Consists of nitroglycerin, 1 part; amyl nitrite, 25 parts; capeicin, 60 parts; and menthol,
50 parts.

T R I O N A L. CsH5. CHs.C(S02C8H5)s. Synonym : Di-ethyl-sulfon-methyl-ethyl-methane.

This is an analogue of sulfonal, and differs in the substitution of a methyl by an ethyl
group (see Tetronal). The method of preparation is the same as that of sulfonal, except that
methyl-ethyl-ketone (CHy-CO-G2H5) is employed in place of acetone. Trional forms colorless,
shining, tabular crystals, melting at 76° C. (168.8° F.), soluble in 320 parts of cold and freely in
hot water, very soluble in alcohol and ether. This compound is a more powerftil hypnotic than
sulfonal, and is less liable to produce ill efibcts. It is preferred to tetronal as a reliable and safe
hypnotic. Dose, 1-2 Gm. (15-30 gr.). (D. R. P. Bayer.)

TRI-OXY-BENZO-PHENONE. See Salicylresorcinketone.

TRI-OXY-METHYLENE. See Paraformaldehyd.

TRIPHENAMIN.

A mixture of 'phenocoll, 2.6 parts, phenocoll salicylate, 1 part, and phenocoU acetate,
0.4 part. Recommended for rheumatic complaints.

TRIPHENETOi--GUANIDIN HYDROCHLORID.

A local anesthetic used in eye treatment as a 0.1 per cent, solution. Its application pro-
duces complete anesthesia in one to two minutes. No irritant or toxic effects, nor action on the
iris, have been observed.

TRIPHENIN. (C8H4.CiH60.NH.(CH8.CH2.CO)). Synonym: Propionyl-phenetidin.

A homologue of phenacetin, prepared by boiling a mixture of para-phenetidid and pro-
pionic acid. It forms a white, odorless, shining, crystalline powder, of feebly bitter taste, and
melting at 120° C. It dissolves in about 2000 parts of water, and is therefore considerably less solu-
ble than the other similar remedies (lactophenin, phenacetin, andacetanilid). The single dose of
triphenin is 0.5-1 Gm. (8-15 gr.), best given in wafers. The daily dose should not exceed
3 Gm. (45 gr.). According to Gaude, it is a reliable antipyretic, a sure and rapid anti-neuralgic,
and an excellent nervine. It also frequently acts as a hypnotic.

TRIPHENYL ALBUMIN.

A preparation made by heating dry egg albumen with phenol. It is odorless, tasteless,
insoluble in water, alcohol, and potassa solution, but soluble in phenol. Serves as a nutrient for
bacteriologic work.

TRI-THIALDEHYD. See Sulfoparaldehyd.

TRI-THIODO-FORMALDEHYD.

The name given by Auger to a substance obtained by him by the interaction of formic
acid, lead formiate, and hydrogen salfid. It occurs in crystals which melt at 216° C. He has

Coblentz' " Hand-book of Pharmacy."

THE NEWER REMEDIES, 137

also observed that noticeable quantities of formaldehjd are produced by the drj distillation of
lead fonuiate.

TRITOL.

K Dieterich recommends diastasic extract of malt as an emulsifying agent for oils, and
calls emulsions made in this mauuer " tritols." One part of extract is required for 4 parts of
oil. Pancreatic juice and pancreatin also form perfect ^nulsions with cod-fiyer oil.

TROPA-COCAIN HYDROCHLORID. C8HiiNO.(CeH5CO)HCl. Symtiym: Ben-
zoyl-pseudo-tropein Hydrochlorld.

This alkaloid occurs with cocain and other bases in the small Java coca leaves: prepared
synthetically by Liebermann. Forms white needles, melting at 271° C. (519.8° F.), and is
readily soluble in water. Tropa-cocain in 2 or 3 per cent, solutions produces mure rapid anes-
thesia, is less toxic, and more reliable than cocain (Ferdiuando and Chadbourne).

TROPHONINE.

A nutritive.

TUBERCULAR SERUM (Behring's).

Behring reported at the Ck>ngre8s at Madrid that the tubercle antitoxin obtained by him
first from mammalia is very injurious to the human system, which precludes its employment.
Further investigations of the subject showed that the fault did not lie with the antitoxin as
such, but with me serum per »e, as also serum of healthy animals and diphtheria serum pro-
dmoed the same disturbances with tuberculous patients. On the other hand, he succeeded in
obtaining a suitable serum by the immunization of certain birds. This new antitoxin does not
differ in its essential character from Koch's tuberculin, but principally in strength.

TUBERCULIN (Koch). Sywmymt : Kochin ; Parataloid.

Prof. R. Eoch has produced three new tuberculins : Tuberculin A, Tuberculin O, and
Tuberculin R. The latter alone is of therapeutic value, and is decidedly active in immunizing
against tubercle bacilli. Patients suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis were decidedly bene-
fited in the early stages, and so was every case of lupus. Prepared by extraction of pure cul-
tures of tubercle bacilli with 40-60 per cent, glvcerin, and repeated precipitation with alcohol.
The pure preparation is a snow-white mass, wnich becomes light gray upon drying at 100°. It is
easily soluble in water, but the'^aqueous solution is unstable ; its solution in 50 per cent glycerin
remains unchanged. The preparation is administered subcutaneouslv in the muscles of the back
between the shoulder-blades, after cleaning the parts with an antiseptic solution. After injection
the spot is covered with iodoform collodion and bandaged with iodoform gauze. Dose, }>^-l Mg.
(siir-^ S^*)» subcutaneously.

TUBERCULINIC ACID.

According to Bombelon, this is the active constituent of the crude tuberculin, and is pre-
pared from Eocn's lymph by precipitating with ether and alcohol, dissolving the precipitate in
water, and adding phenol.

TUBERCULINOSE (Hunter).
Dialyzed, purified tuberculin.

TUBERCULOCIDIN.

A tuberculin prepared according to the directions of Prof. Klebs.

TULIPIN.

An alkaloid obtained from the garden tulip. It is poisonous, and possesses sialagogue
properties. Stated to act upon the spine in a manner similar to oolchicin, sciilitin, and veratrin.

T U M E N O L. Synonyms : Sulfo-tumenolic Acid ; Tumenol Sulfonic Acid.

This compound, which is closely allied to ichthyol, is obtained by treating (sulfonating)
the unsaturated hydrocarbons of mineral oils with sulfuric acid ; the resulting product is dis-
solved in water and separated in pure form by the addition of sodium chlorid. The tumenol-
sulfonic acid thus obtained is known as " Commercial Tumenol," being a dark-brown, almost
black, acid fluid ; this, on being neutralized with soda and extracted with ether, yields the
"tumenol-sulfone" (tumenol oin, which is a thick, dark yellow, syrupy fluid, with a bitter
taste and insoluble in water. This latter, prepared in powder form, is known as " tumenol-
sulfonic acid," beine of dark color, inodorous, slightly bitter, and readily soluble in water.
Tumenol is employed in treatment of all forms of pruritus, and also eczenja, either as a 5-10 per
cent, solution (ether-alcohol, water, or glycerin), ointment, paste, or dusting-powder. The
tumenol oil is frequently painted directly upon the diseased surfaces. (D. R. P. Gewerkschaft-
Messel.)

SODIUM TUMENOL SULFONATE xb a combination of sulfotumenolic acid and sodium,
A dark-colored, dry powder, soluble ia water, and applied in all instances above cited.

TURPENTINE-ETHER. See Ether, Terebinthinated.

TUSSOL. CuHisN20.C«HsCH(0H)C00H. /Sjs^nonym; Antipyrine Mandelate, or Phenyl-gly-
colate.

This new salt of antlpyrine which melts at 52-^3° C, is recommended as being superior to
antipyrine itself in the treatment of whooping-cough. Given in doses of 0.05-0.1 6m. (^1^

S\r.) for children under 1 year of age; 0.1 Gm. {\% gr.) for 1 to 2 years ; 0.25-0.4 Gm. (%-6 gr.)
6r 2 to 4 years ; and 0.5 Gm. (8 gr.) for 6 years and above.

TYLOPHORIN.

An emetic.

TYROSIN.

The name g^ven to cholesterin, as it is prepared for immunizing against snake poison. C.
Phisalix some time ago made the discovery that cholesterin obtained from gall has the power of

138 THE NEWER REMEDIES.

iiuniunizing animals to which it is administered hypodermically against the venom of snakes,
and has continued his experiments with cholesterln of vegetable sources with equally good
results. That obtained from the carrot differs from animal cholesterin in melting at 136^ C, the
other melting at 146°. Such a mixture containing 1 per cent, is easily injected ; 2 or 3 Cc. are
sufficient for a guinea-pig, and are borne without trouble. After twenty-four to forty-eight hours
these animals can bear quantities of venom which would kill in five to six hours uiose not
immunised. For guinea-pigs a dose of ft m^;. ty rosin is usually sufficient, but to be more certain
it is advisable to imect 10^20 Mg. Imrauuizaiion then lasts twenty-five days, though in some
cases onlr sixteen days. If tyrosln is injected simultaneously with the poison, out in a different
part of the body, death will be retarded, but not prevented. When a mixture of tyrosin and
poison is injected, the action of the latter is as violent as it would be without the antidote. It
was found that the fresh juice from the rhizome of the dahlia acts similarly to tyrosin, 1 or 2
Gc. protecting a guinea-pig against a mortal dose of the poison.

UABAIN. SeeOuabin.

UCAMBIN.

Needles or plates, easily soluble in water, sparingly in alcohol, insoluble in ether and chloro-
form. Stated to be similar in action to strophanthin, but more powerful.

ULEXIN. SeeCytisin.

ULYPTOL. S^ncnym: Eulyptol.

This is a name given to a mixture of phenol, 1 part, salicylic acid, 6 parts, and eucalyptus
oil, 1 part.

UNGUENTUM CA8E1NI.

Prepared by emulsifying casein with alkali and addition of sine oxid and carbolic acid
Senres as an ointment-base for chrysarobin, dermatol, etc.

DURUM. An ointment-base consisting of hard and soft paraffin and lanolin.

MOLLB. An ointment-base consisting of liquid paraffin, lanolin, and solid paraffin.

PSORIA TICUM. An ointment composed of chrysarobin, ichthyol, and zymoidin oint-
ment.

RESJNOL. SeeResinoL

SALVO PETROLIA, An ointment-base resembling vaselin.

VEOETABILE. An ointment-base prepared by emulsifying a mixture of oil, wax,
water, and borax.

URALINE. SeeUralium.

U R A LI U M . GCl,GH.OH.KHCOsCsH«. Synonym* : Chloral Urethane ; Uraline.

To a solution of urethane (a. v.) in melted chloral hydrate, concentrated hydrochloric
acid is added ; after twenty-four hours it congeals to a solia mass, which is then washed with
sulfuric acid, followed by water, leaving an oil wnich, on standing, cijstallizes. Uralium consti-
tutes a white powder, melting at 103° C. (217.4° F.), insoluble in cold water, very soluble in
alcohol and ether; when boiled with water it decomposes into chlond and urethane. Beoom-
mended as a hypnotic in doses of 2-8 6m. (30-45 gr.).

URANIUM ACETATE. CH80,.UO,.2HA

A yellow salt, soluble in water. Recommended in ooryza, to be used either in solution as a
nasal douche or dry as a snuff, combined with coffee. Use with great caution.

AMMONIUM FLUORID. UOs.F|4NH4.HiO. iS^ns^; Uranyl Ammonium Fluorid.
A greenish-yellow, crystalline powder. Used for the detection of Boentgen-rays.

NITRATE (HNO«)«U02.6H|0. Light yellow crystals, soluble in water, alcohol, and
ether. Recommended for diabetes. I)o6e, 0.01-0.02 Gm. (3>^K fS^-) twice daily in aqueous solu-
tion with saccharin.

URANYL AMMONIUM FLUORID. See Uranium Ammonium Fluorid.

UREA. CO(NHs)t. Synonym: Carbamid.

White needles or quadratic prisms, of neutral reaction, soluble in water and in 20 parts of
absolute alcohol ; melts at 132° C. Recommended as a diuretic, particularly in dropsy and in cir-
rhosis of the liver. Also used as uric acid soWenl Dose, to begin, 10 6m. (156 gr.) daily in water.

U RET HAL A N . See Methyl-urethane.

URETHANE. CO<o?H Synonyms : Ethyl-urethane ; Ethyl Carbamate.

This compound, an ethyl ether of carbamic acid ( CO <C^{^)' ^" obtained by heating a

salt of urea with ethyl alcohol under pressure at a temperature of 120°-130° C. Forms colorless,
odorless prisms or scales, melting at 60°-51°C. (122°-123.8° F.), soluble in 1 part of water, 0.6
part of alcohol, 1 part of ether, and 1.5 parts of chloroform. Urethane is an excellent hypnotic,
being free from by or after effects. I>ose, 1-5 Gm. (16-80 gr.).

URICEDIN (Stroschein).

Obtained by adding 20 parts of sulfuric and 4 parts of hydrochloric acids to a sufficient quan-
tity of freshly expressed lemon juice, representing 50 parts of citric acid, and keeping the mix-
ture cold ; then neutralizing the product with sodium bicarbonate, evaporating, and granulating.
The resulting preparation contains sodium sulfate 27.5 per cent., sodium chlorid 1.6 per cent.,
sodium citrate, 67 per cent., in addition to small quantities of the citrates and phosphates of
potassium and calcium. Used in gout

URISOLVIN.

A combination of pure urea with acid lithium citrate. Used in treatment of uric acid

THE NEWER REMEDIES. 139

diathesis and cirrhosis of the liver. Doee, 2 tablets (each 0.1 Gm.) every three hours, dissolved
iu carbonated water.

U ROPH ER I N . C7H7N40|Li+GeH4(OH)COOLL Synonyms : Lithium DiureUn ; Theobromin-
lithiuui-saiicylate.

This double salt is analogous to diuretin, differing only in the substitution of lithium for
sodium. It is prepared by rubbing together tneobromin with lithium hydroxid and an equiva-
lent quantity of litnium salicylate, with sufBcient water, and then dried. It is a white powder,
soluble in 5 parts of water. Employed as a diuretic in doses of 1 Gm. (15 gr.).

UROPHERIN'BENZOATE. JL mixture of theobromin and benzoate of lithium. A
white, soluble powder. Used as a diuretic in doses of 1 Gm.

UROPHERIN SALICYLATE, A combination of salicylate of lithium with lithium-
theobromin. Recommended by Dr. A. Schmid as an excellent diuretic in the treatment of
children. The dose is a teaspoonful four times daily^ of a mixture containing 1 part of the
compound in 16 parts of the liquid. The corresponding benzoate may be used in case of idio-
syncrasy against salicylates.

UROTROPIN. (CHs)eN4. Synonyms: Hexa-methylene-tetramin ; Formin.

A compound produced by the action of formaldehyd on ammonia. Urotropin increases
the excretion of the urine and of uric acid, the solution of the urates beginning within twenty-
four hours of the ingestion of the medicament. It may be given in doses of 6 Gm. (90 gr.) daily
to adults, the single dose being from 1-1.6 Gm. (15-23 gr.).

URSAL.

A compound of urea and salicylic acid. Recommended as a substitute for sodium sali-
cylate. Said to be particularly useful when the combined effects of the components are desired.
It is given in the same doses as sodium salicylate.

USANE.

A local anesthetic, used in dentistry.

V ALER I DI N . C6H4(OC8H6)NH.G6H90. Synonyms : Sedatin ; Iso-valeryl-p-phenetidin.

A new synthetic compound, claimed to have all the advantages of the valerian preparations,
without their disagreeable odor and taste. It crystallizes in white needles, which melt at 129°,
are insoluble in water, and easily soluble in ether, alcohol, and chloroform. It is a specific for
all nervous affections, and has no bad effects on the stomach and the heart. The dose is 0.5-1
Gm. (8-16 gr.), several times daily.

VALERYL-PHENETIDIN. See under Phenetidin.
VALIDOL.

A valeric acid menthol ester, recommended as an analeptic and antihyst^ric. It is a color-
less liquid, of the consistency of glycerin, of a mild, agreeable odor, and a refreshingly cool,
faintly bitter taste. It is a good solvent of menthol. Dose, 10-15 drops daily, on sugar.

VALSOL.

A mixture of oxygenized hydrocarbons which, with water, forms an emulsionized mass ;
this readily dissolves iodin, iodoform, ichthyol, thiol, etc. Used as an ointment vehicle.

VANADIN.

Ck>nsists of a solution of a vanadium salt (it i»not stated which salt) with sodium chlorid.
It is recommended, in a dose of 6-30 drops daily, as a remedy for pulmonary tuberculosis, on the
ground of its power as a disinfectant.

V A N I LL I N . GeHsOH.OCHa.CHO. Synonym : Methyl-protocatechuic A Idehyd.

nils odorous principle, which is found in vanilla pods, also occurs in small quantities in

gim benzoin, asparagus, raw beet sugar, and the wood of many plants. Synthetically prepared
om coniferin, a glucosid, and also from eugenol. Vanillin occurs in acicular crystals, melting
at 80^-81° C. (176°-177.8° F.), soluble in alcohol, glycerin, ether, and chloroform, only slightly
soluble in water. It possesses the odor and taste or vanillin. Employed chiefly as an odoriferous
and flavoring agent : also as stimulant in atonic dyspepsia.

/OH
VANILLIN-PARA-PHENETIDIN. CsH,^CH.

^ CH. N.C$Il4.0C2He.
A condensation-product formed by heating vanillin with para-phenetidin at 140° C. It is
crystalline, and melts at 97° C. Soluble in water. It is used as hypnotic, antineuralgic, and
styptic. Dose, 1.5-2 Gm. (D. R. P. Goldschmidt. )

VA8ELON.

Stated to be a solution of stearin and margarin in neutral mineral oil. Ointment vehicle.

VASOGEN.

A new ointment-vehicle which has been introduced in Germany. It is said to be an oxy-
genated vaselin (vaselin with free oxygen), but another statement is that it contains about 25
per cent, of olein, saponified with anhydrous ammonia and mixed with vaselin, and brought to a
suitable consistency with vaselin oil.

VASOL.

A mixture of liquid petrolatum with ammonium oleate.

VASOL, IODIZED.

Vasol containing 7 per cent, of iodln.

VELLOLIN.

A purified adeps lanse.

140 TEE NEWER REMEDIES.

VELL08IN. QiAiN«04.

Yelloir errsUls, neariy iiuoliible in water, eMilj aolable in hot aloohol, etlier, and ehlovD-
fonn. In pliyilologie eflbet it reaemblea brucin.

VERATROL. C«H4<ochI' ^J^^^"*^' I>im«"»yl Pyro«««»»in.

A clear, mobile Uqaid, aolable in aleohol, ether, and fattr oila. Its toxicity is aboat <»ne>
third that of gtwiaool, hot it is much more caoatic Emplorea as antiseptic in form of inliaia-
tions, external application (1 per cent solution), or hTpooermicalljr. In interoostal neoralgiA
and epididymitis acuta it is stated to hare been used with sueceasw

VERNONIN. CioHmOt.

A ^nooeid from the root of Vermmia niffHUanat which forms a white, hygroscopic powder,
■oinble in water, insoluble in ether and chloroform. Said to resemble digitalin and strophanthin
in physiologic effect, posiessing ^ their power.

VETERINARY TANNALBIN. See Tahnalbin, Veterinary.

V1C08IN.

A mixture of caramel and extract of saponaria, used for producing a permanent foam on
• beer.

VIERIN.

An amorphous, white, bitter principle, of aromatic odor, obtained from the bark of
S^mfgia veUoHu It melts at 120° C. (248** F.), and is readily soluble in alcohol and chloroform.
Employed as a qnlnin substitute in doses of 0.1-4>.2 Qm. (1>^ gr.).

VIROL.

A meat extract (Hq. carnie oomp.). Intended as a substitute for ood-liTer oiL

VI8KOLEIN.

A proprietary antiseptic and febrifiige.

VITALIN (Gatschkowski).

A secret remedy, stated to be boroglyoerin.

VITOOEN.

A surgical dressing, to be used instead of iodoform. Antiseptic, deodoriier, germicide,
and non-toxic, inodorous disinfectant.

VULNERAL.

Contains : Comp. tinct. of benzoin, tinct. of myrrh, of each, TSparts ; ung. paraf., ung. Tasel.
CO., of each 800 parts ; cerat. cetac, lanolin, of each, 100 parts ; boric acid, zinc oxid, of each, 40
parts ; carbolic acid, 12.6 parts ; liq. alum, acet., camphor, of each, 7.5 parts; lard, 360 parts.

VUTRIN.

A concentrated meat extract in powder form, one part of which rq[>resents the nutritive
yalue of four parts of beef.

W I GOER '8 ETHER. See Ethyliden Chlorid.

XEROFORM* See under Bismuth Compounds.

XEROPORM. (C«HsBrtO)sBiOH + BigOf. Synanynu: Tri-brom-phenol Bismuth; Tri-bromo-
carbolate of Bismuth.

A yellow, neutral, insoluble powder, non-irritating, inodorous, and tasteless, containing
about 60 per cent, of BifOs. Used as an intestinal antiseptic in cholerine, cholera, inflammatory
condition of the intestinal raucous membrane; also useful for fresh and infected wounds, old
abscMsen, buboes, eczema, pruritus, etc. ; in gynecology and diseases of eye and ear. Dose, 0.6-1
Gm. (8-16 gr.). (D. R. P. ▼. Ueyden.)

XYLENE. See Xylol.

XYLENOL 8ALOL. SeeSalol.

XYLENOL-8ALOLS. C»H4(OH)COOC»H3(CH,)j.

By the action of dehydrating agents upon a mixture of equal molecules of salicylic acid
and xy lenol (o-, m-, or p-) . ortho, meta, or para-xylenol salicylates are formed. These are insoluble
in water ana soluble in alcohol ; employea like salol as intestinal disinfectants.

XYLOCHLORAL.

Prepared by heating xylose with chlorin in presence of hydrochloric add. Crystallizes in
form of laminn, which are readily soluble in water and raelt at 132^. Used as hypnotic in same
doses as chloralose.

XYLOL. CeH4(CHa)s. Synonym : Dimethylbenzol ; Xylene.

Obtained from coal-tar by fractional distillation. A clear, colorless liquid of aromatic
odor and burnlnff taste, soluble in alcohol and ether, insoluble in wator. Used internally as
antiseptic for syphilis. Dose, 16-30 drops in gelatin capsules.

YOHIMBINE. (CnHttNsOa)iHsO.

An alkaloid obtained flrom the yohimbehe tree.

ZAPON LAC.

A new quick-drying lac or rarnish which consists of gun-cotton dissoWed in a mixture of
aroyl acetate and amylic alcohol. It is coming into use in pharmacy as a varnish for oint-
ment boxes, etc., especially the new and elegant celluloid boxes.

THE NEWER REMEDIES. 141

ZEMATONE.

Ad anti-asthmatic powder made up of potassium nitrate 22 parts, hyoscyamus and stra-
monium, each, 8 parts, solanum niger,4 parts, belladonna leaves, 6 parts, griudelia robusta, 16
parts, white agaric, 5 parts, papayer (fruct.)i 5 parts.

ZINC COMPOUNDS.

BORATK ZnB40T + THjO. {Tetraborate.) Prepared by interaction between hot solu-
tions of 5 parts of zinc sulfate in 60 parts of water and 4 parts of borax in 100 parts of water.
An amorphous, wtiite powder, which is employed as an antiseptic dusting-powder for wounds.

CALCIUM CYANID. ZnCa(CN)4. White crystals, soluble in water.

CHRYSOPHANATE. Forms a brownish-red powder, which is readily soluble in water
which has been rendered slightly alkaline. Recommended as an antiseptic dusting-powder.

CYANID. White powder, insoluble in water. Used for chorea, dysmenorrhea, eastralgia,
palpitation, and pain in cardiac r^ion, in doses of 0.005 Gm. (^ gr.), several times dally, in pill
form.

OYNOCARDATE. A yellow, granular powder, insoluble in water and dilute acids,
readily soluble in alcohol and ether. Uecommended in treatment of psoriasis, prurigo, and
other skin diseases.

HEMOL, See under Hemol.

ICHTHYOL-aULFONATE. (C»H88S80,H)Zn,. Prepared by neutralizing free ichthyol-
Bulfonic acid with zinc oxid. Uses the same as other ichthyol preparations.

lODA TE. See Iodic Acid.

MERCURIC-CYANID, Zn4Hg(GN)io. A white, insoluble powder recommended as a
non-irritating antiseptic.

PERMANGANATE. Occurs in crystals closely resembling those of the potassium salt;
hygroscopic and soluble in water. This salt is employed in all instances where zinc sulfate is
indicate, its solution being of the strength 0.05 Gm. to 200 Co. of water (^ gr. to 6.8 fid. oz.).
Care should be taken not to triturate this salt with organic substances or dispense it in solutions
containing alcohol or organic extracts.*

SALICYLATE. (i^iaiOtjiZn + B-^O. Sodium salicylate 34 parts and zinc sulfate 29
parts are boiled for a snort time with 125 parts of water ; on cooling, a solid crystalline mass
separates, which, after washing with a little cold water, is recr;^8tallized. Forms colorless crys-
talSy which are soluble in 25.2 parts of cold and readily in boiling water, soluble in 36 parts of
ether and 3.5 parts of alcohol. Recommended as antiseptic dustiug-powder and wash in various
skin diseases.

80Z0ID0L, (C»HjIs(OH)S08)2Zn + 6H,0. See under Sozoiodol.

80Z0I0D0LA TE. (G6H2l2(OH)S08)2Zn + 6H2O. Forms colorless needles, which are
used in 2 per cent, solution in treatment of gonorrhea. In nasal catarrh a 10-15 per cent dust^
ing-powder is employed.

8TEARATE. Zn(Gi8Hs502)2. A white, insoluble powder, of feeble antiseptic and a
strong astringent action. Used in gonorrhea and in rhinologic practice. In gonorrhea it is
combined with menthol (5 parts to 20 parts zinc stearate) and introduced into the urethra by
means of a glass tube after emptying the bladder and cleansing the urethra with water. As a
snuff for the nose, a mixture of zinc stearate 15 parts and europben 5 parts is used.

SUBOALLATE is an odorless, non-toxic, non4rritant, greenish-gray, neutral powder,
insoluble in the ordinary solvents, containing 44 per cent, of zinc oxid and 56 per cent, of gallic
acid. Used intemallr and externally. Internally it is recommended in doses of ^-4 gr. (0.03-
0.25 Gm.) in fermentive disorders of the intestines and in night>-sweats. Externalfy it has been
used in eczema, fresh and septic wounds, otorrhea, gonorrhea, and hemorrhoids. It is applied
pure or diluted with indifferent powders or ointments. As an injection, it is suspended in water
and mucilage, 1 : 16.

8ULFHYDRATE. Zn(SH)2. A white precipitate, which should be kept under water,
since it readily decomposes on becoming dry. Recommended by Barduzzi externally and inter-
nally in the treatment of chronic eczema, psoriasis, and vegeto-parasitic dermatoses. Internallr
the dose is 0.03-0.18 Gm. (^-2 gr.), externally in ointment form (10 per cent.), combined with
lanolin and lard (2 : 3).

8ULFITE. ZnSOs.2H20. Prepared by mixing aqueous solutions of zinc sulfate and
sodium sulfite. White, crystalline powder, very sparingly soluble in water. Used X.o impregnate
bandages.

8XJLF0CARB0LA TE. C6H4(OH)S08)2Zn + 8H2O. By the action of concentrated sulfuric
acid on phenol at 90^ C. para-pbenol-sulfonic acid is formed ; this is neutralized with barium
carbonate, and the resulting barium sulfocarbolate, on being brought into reaction with an
equivalent amount of zinc sulfate in solution, yields zinc sulfocarbolate and the insoluble barium
snlfiite. The filtrate is evaporated and crystallized. This salt forms colorless, rhombic prisms
or scales, soluble in water and alcohol. Employed as an antiseptic wash in all instances where
zinc sulfate or carbolic acid is indicated.

ZOMAKYNE.

A proprietary antipyretic and analgesic.

ZUCKERIN . A synonym for Saccharin.

ZYMOIDIN (Rosenberg).

Said to be composed of the oxids of zinc, bismuth, and aluminum with iodin, boric acid,
carbolic acid, gallic acid, salicylic acid, quinin, etc. Recommended as an antiseptic in the form
of dusting-powder, ointment, solution, or bougie.

• See Coblents' " Hand-book of Pharmacy," pp. 392-896.

ADDENDA.

ORGANO-THERAPEUTIC AGENTS.

ANIMAL REMEDIAL PREPARATIONS.

One of the first to call attention to this class of remedial agents'was Brown-
S^quard, who advanced the hypothesis that **all the glands of the body, whether
they have excretory canals or not, give to the blood useful principles, the absence
of which is felt when these glands are extirpated or destroyed by disease.'' In
conjunction with D'Arsonval this hypothesis was extended to include various oi^gans
from all parts of the body, and that in a diseased condition of an organ an extract
prepared from the same organ of a healthy animal serves as a remedial agent.

Thus, for example, the testicle secretes spermatozoa and a fluid, the latter,
being absorbed into the system, acting as a nervous stimulant and tonic. This
same fluid was employed subcutaneously by Brown-S^qnard when symptoms indi-
cated that such a tonic was necessary, as is the case in neurasthenia, tabes dorsalis,
syphilis, etc. Again, a certain form of diabetes is due to a disorder of the pancreas ;
it has been found that extirpation of this organ produces the same diabetic symp-
toms in certain animals ; according to this, the internal secretion of the pancreas is
an important function of this organ. This same theory has been extended to such
glands and organs as the suprarenal capsules, thyroid gland, ovaries, kidneys,
brain, pancreas, spinal cord, spleen, thymus gland, testicles, etc.*

Concerning the chemic nature of the organic principles occurring in these secre-
tions comparatively little is known, owing to the minute quantities present and the
great difficulties of isolation ; again, it is a matter of speculation as to whether
an isolated principle represents the activity until opportunities are offered to give
it a thorough physiologic test. To illustrate some theories applied to the action
of these extracts. Dr. J. Althaus, in his study of cerebrine alpha, an active brain
extract of his preparation, suggests that its action upon the nervous system may be
due, first, to the injection of a highly specialized pabulum of nervous matter ;
second, to the decomposition of the lecithin and protagon which it contains
through the alkaline blood into cholin, glycero-phosphoric acid, and stearic acid.
Oholin, by reason of its oxidizing action on the blood, acts as an antitoxin. The
value of glycero-phosphoric acid as a nervine is well known, so that these two
decomposition products might be said to represent the activity of brain extract.

These animal medicinal products are usually presented to us in either of two
forms — the powder or the liquid extract. Owing to the readiness with which these
organs undergo putrefactive changes, the greatest care must be observed to obtain a
safe preparation. The organs or glands are removed with sterilized instruments ;
then carefully cleaned, to remove all extraneous matter, fat, connective tissue, etc. ;
and, after slicing, they are ready for extraction. The organs should always be re-
moved by the operator himself from the freshly slaughtered animal, and all instru-
ments, vessels, as well as the hands, should be rendered as aseptic as possible by
thorough cleansing with soap and antiseptic solutions.

The powdered extract is usually prepared by expressing the juice from the
glands, mixing with a definite quantity of sugar of milk, then spreading in thin
layers upon glass, and drying at low temperature. These dried extracts are made

* An interesting paper upon this subject from whick the author has abstracted is that of C. E.
Stuart on "Animal Extracts" ("Phar. Jour.," 25, 177).

142

ADDENDA. 143

to represent a definite quantity of the fresh organ, and are nsnally two or three
times the strength of the liquid extract. In other instances the cleansed glands or
organs are ground up and dried entire at low temperatare, obaerving precautions of
sterilization. These products should be kept in a very dry and cool place, in order
to avoid any putrefactive changes.

The liquid extracts are prepared by digesting the properly cleansed, sliced, and
bruised organs in a mixture of glycerin and sterilized water, or glycerin, alcohol,
and boric acid, or glycerin and 0.5 per cent, carbolized water ; the resulting solution
should be strictly aseptic, particularly if employed subcutaneonsly. Another class
of liquid extracts (opotherapeutic) represent the active secretions of the various
organs deprived of their inert albuminoids. Owing to the basic character of these
secretions (belonging to the class of leucomains) advantage is taken of the readi-
ness with which many of these form very soluble and diffusible double salts with
sodium chlorid, the resulting (^^opo-") extracts representing from 10 to 20 parts of
the fresh organ.

Thyboid Extbacts.

Employed in treatment of psoriasis, eczema, lupus, sporadic cretinism, ex-
ophthalmic goiter, myxedema, obesity, uterine fibroma, etc.

The glands from freshly slaughtered sheep are preferred.

Aiodin (Roche). — Tablets containing active matter of thyroid gland ; contains
0.4 per cent, of iodin.

lodothyrin {I%yrO'iodin or I%yrein). — A compound isolated by Prof. Baamann
from the thyroid glands of sheep, forming a brown powder which contains 9.3 per
cent, of iodin and 0.5 per cent, of phosphorus. The commercial preparation is
a milk-sugar trituration of this, each 1 Gm. of which contains 0.3 Mg. of iodin.
Dose, 1-2 Gm. daily.

Opo-thyreoidin. — A liquid extract. See Opotherapeutics, page 98.

Thyraden (Thyreoidin ; Extract Thyreoda, Haaf). — A stable, uniform preparation,
without any unpleasant side action. One Gm. of this sugar of milk trituration is
equivalent to 2 Gm. of the fresh gland containing 0.7 Mg. of iodin. Dose, 1-5
Gm. a day.

ThyreoantUaxin, — A nitrogenated crystalline principle free from iodin. Sup-
posed to be a guanidin derivative.

Thyreoidin, — Forms dry scales ; consists of two albuminoids, one a globulin and
the other an important enasyme. Dose, 0.01 Gm. once or twice daily. When
employed in aqueous solution these extracts require the addition of a few drops of
chloroform to prevent any decomposition.

Thyreodinum Siccatum. — The purified and dried gland, 1 part representing 6
parts of fresh gland. Natkin claims to have isolated two active albuminoids from
the normal gland — thyroproteid and thyreoidin.

Thyroidin (Hammond). — A sterilized liquid extract of thyroid gland of sheep.
Dose, 5 drops.

Thyroproteid, — Forms dry scales ; stated to be a uniform compound and very
toxic. Acts first as an excitant then as paralyzant on the central nervous system.

Thymus Extbacts.

Prepared from the thymus gland of young sheep or pigs. Employed in like
disturbances as the thyroid gland, the chief distinction being that preparations of
the thymus glands do not produce any disturbances of the heart or loss in weight.
Also used in struma and Basedow^s disease.

Nucleohiston, — An albuminoid body prepared from the lymph of the thymus
glands of calves.

Opothymiin. — A liquid extract. See Opotherapeutics, page 98.

Thymus Siccatus Pulv. — Each 0.05 Gm. of the preparation represents 0.3 Gm.
of the fresh gland. Dose, 2.5-5 Gm. daily.

Bbaik Extbacts.

The products of the gray brain matter of calves are employed in treatment of
neurasthenia, agoraphobia, chorea, psychosis, etc.

Cerebrine (Hammond). — A sterilized liquid extract. See Animal Extracts.

144 THE NEWER REMEDIES,

Cerebrinin or Cerebrine Alpha,— A. sterilized liquid extract ; prepared by Dr. J.
Aithaus.*

Cerdnrinum (Paul). — A liquid extract.

Cerebrum Exsiccatum, — The dried and powdered organ, 1 part of which repre-
sents 5 parts of the fresh organ.

Liquor Cerebri Steriliwtus,

PiTuiTABY Body Extbacts.

Prepared from the pituitary body of the sheep. This is a small mass at the
base of the brain, and weighs about f Gm. From the idea that acromegalia arose
from a functional disturbance of the pituitary body, Marinesco applied extracts of
this organ in such cases with considerable success. He employed tablets containing
0.1 Gm. of the dried body.

Hypophysis Cerebri Sice. Pulv. — One part of this powdered gland represents 6.5
parts of the fresh product.

Opo-hypophysin, — ^A liquid extract. See Opotherapeutics, page 98.

Kidney Extbacts.

Employed chiefly in nephritis.

Opo-renin. — A liquid extract. See Opotherapeutics, page 98.

Renaden. — An extract prepared from the kidneys. Daily dose, 6-8 Gm.

Renes (Roche). — Dried extract made into tablets.

Renes Siccati. — The dried and powdered kidney of the sheep or calf, 1 part of
which represents 6 parts of the fresh organ. Dose, 0.5-1 Gm. three times daily.

Succus Renalis (E. and B.). — A liquid extract of kidneys prepared like the
succus e testibus.

SUPBABENAL CAPSULES.

When administered internally, extracts of these organs cause a contraction of
the arteries with a corresponding increase of blood pressure ; a tonic influence is
also exerted upon the heart. Employed in Addison's disease, diabetes insipidus,
neurasthenia — ^in fact, all disturbances arising from a loss of vasomotoric tone.

Ext. Suprarenal Hemostatic (Merck). — A dry extract prepared from the dried
capsules, the aqueous solution of which causes a strong contraction of the blood-
vessels of mucous surfaces ; hence employed (usually in conjunction with oocain) as
hemostatic in capillary hemorrhages.

GlandulaBSuprarencUis Sice, Fulv. — The dried and powdered suprarenal capsules
of recently slaughtered sheep or cattle, 1 part of which represents 5 parts of the
fresh organs. Dose, 0.2-0.5 Gm.

Opo-suprarenaliin. — A liquid extract. See Opotherapeutics, page 98.

Sphygmogenin, — An active preparation of the capsules made by Dr. Fraenkel.
Recommended as antidote in nicotin poisoning.

Succus GlanduUe Suprarenalis (E. and B.). — A liquid extract prepared like the
succus e testibus.

Supradin (Roche). — A dry extract containing 0.015 per cent, iodin.

Suprarenaden. — A dry extract of the capsules. Dose, 1-1.5 Gm.

BONE-MABBOW EXTBACTS.

Latest investigations have established the fact that the red blood-corpuscles are
chiefly developed in the red marrow of bones ; hence the value of these preparations
in anemia and chlorosis. Dr. Mason prepares a glycerin extract by macerating the
red cancellous tissue obtained from the head of the femur of calves.

Medulladen. — An extract of ox marrow. Dose, 5-15 Gm. per day.

Medulla Ossium Rubra Sice, Fulv. — The powdered red marrow.

Myden, — A red syrupy extract of bone marrow.

Opo-medullin, — A fluid preparation of the red marrow. See Opotherapeutics,
page 98.

Opo-ossiin, — A fluid preparation of the bone marrow. See Opotherapeutics,
page 98.

Ossagen. — A calcium salt of the fatty acids of red bone marrow.

* •' Lancet," December 2, 1893.

ADDENDA, 145

Splebn Extbagts.

The various preparations of the spleen are employed in the treatment of lenoo-
cythemia, Hodgkin's disease, anemia, myxedema, rachitis, enlarged spleen, etc.

Euryihoh — A syrupy extract. Dose, 1-2 teaspoonfuls daily.

Lien 8icc, Pulv, — The dried and powdered spleen of calves or sheep, 1 part of
which represents 5 parts of the fresh organ.

Linadin (Roche). — A dry extract made into tablets, containing in addition
about 1 per cent, of iron and from 0.015-0.02 per cent, of iodin.

Nudein (Horbaczewski). — A yellowish powder prepared from the spleen.
Dose, 2-3 Gm. Possesses antibactericidal and antitoxic properties. Is frequently
given in conjunction with tuberculin.

Nucl€ohi8ton, — An albuminoid extract constituting a white powder obtained
from the lymphatic glands and spleen. This possesses antibactericidal and anti-
toxic properties.

Opo-lienin. — A liquid extract. See Opotherapeutics, page 98.

Of the heart extracts we have the Cardin (Hammond), a sterilized extract of
the heart of the ox. Employed as heart tonic.

Peostate Gland Extracjts.

Preparations of the prostate gland of the bull are employed in hypertrophic
conditions of the prostate gland.

Opo-pro8tiin, — A liquid extract. See Opotherapeutics, page 98.

Prostaden. — An extract given in daily doses of 2 Gm.

Prostata Siccata Pulv. — The dried and powdered gland, 1 part of which repre-
sents 6 parts of the fresh.

Prostata (Roche). — A dry extract in tablet form.

Testicle Extracts : Obchitic Fluid.

Prepared from the testicular fluid of the ram, and employed in treatment of
mental diseases, hysteria, neurasthenia, etc.

Didymin. — A dry extract of the testes of the bull prepared in tablet form.

Opo-orchidin. — A liquid extract from the testes. See Opotherapeutics, page 98.

Spermin (Poehl). — A solution of the hydrochlorid of the base spermin, CsHj^N,
which occurs in the testicular fluid and the fluids of other glands. Spermin is a
powerful tonic stimulant for the entire nervous system, and is employed in all dis-
eases caused by auto-intoxication, as neurasthenia, tabes dorsalis, phthisis, scurvy,
marasmus, etc. The preparations employed are spermin (Poehl), a 2 per cent,
sterilized extract, and also an alcoholic solution of spermin sodium chlorid. Injec-
tion dose, 1-6 Cc.

Spermin (Testicular Fluid). — This, a sterilized testicular fluid, so warmly advo-
cated by Brown-S6quard, appears to be best adapted in such mental diseases as
ataxia and delirious epilepsy. Dr. Poehl found the principle spermin in various
other organs of the body, he not regarding it as a specific for any particular form
of malady, but as a promotive of the oxidations of the body.

Succus e Testibus Paraius (Egasse and Bouy6). — A liquid extract prepared from
the testes of the bull. The preparation No. is forced through d'ArsonvaPs filter
by means of carbonic acid pressure, while No. 1 is sterilized in d'ArsonvaPs auto-
clave under a pressure of carbonic acid.

Testaden. — An extract of the testes of the bull. One Gm. representing 2 Gm.
of the testicular fiuid. Daily dose, 6-8 Gm.

Testes SicccUi Pulv. — Dried and powdered testes of the bull. One part repre-
sents 6 parts of the glands.

Testidin. — A brown liquid extract of the testes.

Testin (Stroschein). — Tablets ex)ntaining 0.2 per cent, of extract.

Testine (Hammond). — A sterilized extract of the testes of the ram.

Testis (Roche). — ^A dry extract prepared in tablet form.

OVABIAN ExTEACT.

Extracts of the fresh ovaries of the cow or swine are employed in amenorrhea

caused by atrophy of genitals, also difficulties after total or partial extirpation of

uterus or ovaries, also in chlorosis.
10

140 THE NEWER REMEDIES,

Oopharin, — An extract, 1 part of which represents 10 parts of the fresh ovaries.

Op<MnmHn, — A liqaid extract. See Opotherapeutics, page 98.

Ovadin. — A dry extract, in tablet form, containing 0.00127-0.0048 per cent, of
iodin.

Ovaraden or Ovariin.—One part of this dry extract represents 2 parts of the
fresh ovaries. Dose, 3-6.

Ovariinum Siccum. — The dried and powdered ovaries of the cow, 1 part of
which represents 5 parts of the fresh organs.

MISCELLANEOUS.

Mamma (Roche). — A dry extract prepared from the fresh ndder of the cow.
Mamma Sice, FiUv. — One part of the dry powder represents 8.75 parts of the
cow's fresh ndder.

M%iacuUne (Hammond). — An extract of the mnscnlar tissue of the ox.
Pulmonin, — An extract prepared from calves' Inngs.

INDIFFERENT COMPOUNDS OF IRON.

Compounds of iron with the inorganic acids and halogens are characterized by
the readiness with which they attack the teeth, mucons surfaces, and their astrin-
gent action ; this latter being a serious objection where prolonged treatment is
necessary. These features have been overcome in the class known as the ^^ndififer-
ent compounds of iron,'' which are combinations of iron with albumin, peptone,
and the like, being especially adapted where prolonged administration of iron is
indicated, as in persistent anemia and chlorosis.

Bunge first demonstrated the presence of iron combined with albumin in food-
stuffs, preparing a nucleo-albumin iron compound from the yolk of eggs, calling it
Hemaiogen. This combination of iron (hematogen) is distinguished from ordinary
iron salts, as well as albuminates, in that its ammoniacal solution, upon the addition
of a little ammonium sulfid, does not react at once, but only after the lapse of
some time, when a dark coloration takes place through the formation of iron sulfid.
Bunge reasoned that if iron occurred as a nucleo-albuminate in the egg, it subse-
quently appeared as such in the blood of fowls ; also, that this same compound
would be found in the human organism, having been introduced through food. A
natural source for hematogen being impracticable, artificial methods have been
devised based on the following : As is well known, when animal or vegetable
albumins are heated with alkalies they do not coagulate, owing to the formation
of alkali-albuminates ; upon the addition of acids to such solutions, an albuminoid
substance of acid character precipitates. Such acid albumins combine with bases
forming albuminates ; thus, on adding a neutral ferric salt to a neutral solution* of
potassium albuminate, a precipitate of iron albuminate forms which is soluble in
alkalies forming double salts ; these give an immediate black color with ammonium
sulfid. On heating such an alkaline solution of iron-albuminate, a change in
color takes place, and the product reacts much slower with ammonium sulfid.
On adding a diluted acid to this albuminate a brown flocculent precipitate forms,
which dissolves readily in diluted alkalies. This solution is known as a " ferrated
albuminic acid," and is distinguished from the above iron-albuminate in that the
blackening with ammonium sulfid takes place only after a time, a decomposition
of the compound through the action of this reagent being first necessary. Again,
this ferrated albuminic acid also differs from salts of iron in that, by electrolysis of
its ammoniacal solution, hydrogen gas is evolved at the negative electrode instead
of a deposition of iron taking place. Such compounds contain from 4 to 8 per cent,
of iron. '

Mafori endeavored to prepare organic iron compounds from such internal organs
as the liver ; in this he was successful in producing a compound closely correspond-
ing to the ferrated albuminic acid, containing 2-4 percent, of iron ; however, he was
not able to obtain uniform products with each operation. This difficulty was over-
come by Schmiedeberg, who obtained a compound of constant composition by mix-
ing finely chopped swine livers with an excess of water, heating gradually up to
boiling temperature, filtering, then adding to the filtrate tartaric acid, whereby a

ADDENDA. 147

precipitate of '* ferrated albaminic acid '' was obtained. This forms a light brown
powder, containing 6-8 per cent, of iron, soluble in alkaline liquids. This product is
known commercially as —

Arsen-hemol contains 1 per cent, of AsjOs-

Bromaied Hemol contains 2.7 per cent, of bromin.

Copper Hemol contains 2 per cent, of copper.

Ferraiin. — This method of production on a commercial scale consists in the
preparation of acid albumin, as above cited, but differing in the length of time of
heating of the alkali-albumin solution ; this being continued until the fluid has
lost its slimy consistency, whereby another form of acid is produced, the ferric
compound of which, alter drying, yields a more soluble product. Ferratin contains
7 per cent, of iron and is given in doses of 0.5 Gm.

Ferropyrin, — A compound of antipyrine and iron, containing 54 per cent, of the
former and 12 per cent, of the latter. '

Ferroaol. — A saccharated ferrous oxid, containing sodium chlorid.

Ferrum Albuminatum, — This albumin compound contains about 5 per cent, of
Fe,0,.

Ferrum Albuminatum (peptonized). — Contains about 0.25 per cent, of iron.

Ferrum Caseinatum. — Cdn tains 52 per cent, of FcjOj.

Ferrum Dextrinatum. — 0>ntains 10 per cent, of Fe,Os.

Ferrum Inulatum, — Contains 10 per cent, of Fe,0,.

Ferrum Natrium Albuminatum,

Hemalbumin. — ^A preparation containing salts and albuminoid constituents of
blood in the form uf acid non-coagulating albuminoids.

Hemalbumin (Dr. Dahmen). — An indifferent iron preparation, containing
hematin, and hemoglobulin 49.17 percent., serum albumin, and paraglobulin 4.6
per cent., along with the inorganic constituents of the blood, 46.23 per cent.

Hemaiicum, — A red-brown, clear, hydro-alcoholic fluid, containing indifferent
compounds of iron.

Hem^tin-albumin. — A ferrated albumin, consisting of dried blood.

Hematogen (Bunge). — A nucleo-albuminoid preparation of iron (about 0.3 per
cent.).

Hematogen (Hommel). — Defibrinated blood, from which the serum has been
removed, condensed to small bulk, with a minute percentage of creosote. About 0.5
per cent, of iron is present.

Hematogen (Marfori). — A soluble ferrated albuminic acid, containing 0.7 per
cent, of iron (Fe). This preparation usually forms a yellow powder, although it
can be obtained in fluid form.

Hematol (Niemann). — A sterilized hemoglobin containing glycerin and
brandy.

Hemochromogen. — Stated to be the product of the action of acids or alkalies on
hemoglobin by absence of oxygen.

Hemoferrum. — An iron albuminoid prepared by drying blood from which the
serum has been removed.

HemogaUol. — This, with hemol, constitute two excellent indifferent prepara-
tions of iron, discovered by Robert, being obtained by the action of reducing agents
upon the hemoglobin of ox-blood. These are distinguished from the other
albuminoid preparations by greater digestibility, since they have already undergone
the reduction necessary before entering the system. Pyrogallol is the reducing
agent employed in the preparation of hemogallol.

Hemoglobin {Hematropin). — Red coloring-matter of the blood.

Hemol. — Allied to hemogallol, obtained by reduction of hemoglobin through
zinc dust, contains 0.2 per cent, of iron. A number of combinations of hemol with
other metals are in use, possessing the tonic properties of the former in conjunction
with the medicinal properties of the latter.

Hydrargyro'iodo hemol contains 12.35 of Hg and 28 per cent, of iodin.

lodo-hemoJ contains 16.6 per cent, of iodin.

Methemoglobin. — Obtained by oxidation of hemoglobin.

Zinc Hemol contains 1 per cent, of zinc.

y EVERY vL'Wi V

THURSDAY. 17 y\y\^

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The Theory and Practice of Phar-
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Its special merit lies in having just the material we want in small compass. I am
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P. BLAKISTOlSrS SON & CO., Pablishers, Philadelphia.

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