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COLLECTIONS, 


jiCEg<s'@:!£S0A!L  M3  mzstmu^Mm^s^  t 


AND 


MONTHZilT  l^ZTSItABV  JOUBNAZi. 


COMPREHENDING 


HISTORICAL  SKETCHES  OF  INDIAN 
WARS  ;  AND  OF  THE  SCtFERINGS 
OF  r.  A '"'^ ''"""■ 

CIVIL,  POLITICAL  AND  ECCLESIASTI- 
CAL HISTORY. 

TOPOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES. 

MEMOIRS  AND  ANECDOTES  OF  EMIN- 
ENT PERSONS. 

ORIGINAL  COMMUNICATIONS  ON  VA- 
RIOUS SUB.-^CTS. 

MISCELLANEOUS  COLLECTIONS  FROM 
AMERICAN  JOURNALS. 


POETRY ORIGINAL    AND   SELECT- 
ED. 

OBICIVAT,      LETTERS;     ANECDOTES, 
AND  CURIOUS  FRAGMENTS. 

AGRICULTURAL  EXPERIMENTS   AND 
USEFUL   INVENTIONS. 

STATISTICAL  TABLES. 

METEOROLOGICAL   OBSERVATIONB. 

LITERARY  NOTICES. 

OCCURRKBCES     AT    HOME     AND      A- 

BROAD, 
CAS»ALTIBS  AND  DEATHS- 


EDITED  BY  J.  FARMER  AND  J.  B.  MOORE. 


VOL..  II. 


^■•^T  ©©©<<•  ■ 


(Kontorti : 

PUBLISHED  BY  J.  B.  MOORE. 

182.3. 


TABJUU  OF  CONTENTS. 


BIOGRAPHICAL. 


Biogriphieal  sketch  of— 

Hon.  Joshua  Biackett,  M.  D. 
Hon.  Jolm  Calfe 
Rev.  Jacob  Buruap,  D.  D. 
Sebastian  Ralle 
Hon.  Robert  Means 
Eliler  WiHiani  Wfintwortli 
Maj.  William  Vau£;han 
Samuel  Tenhallow,  Esq. 
Gen.  Humphrey  Atiierton 
Hon.  Wyseman  Clagett 
Hon.  George  Frost 
H..II.  Matthew  Patten 
Rev.  John  Emerson 
Rev.  Pt-arson  Thurjton 
Rev.  James  Pike 


[Biographical  sketch  of— 

!          Nicholas  Pike  Esq.  14« 

Samuel  VVelcli  148 

Col.  William  Vaughan     "  161 

Gen.  Enoch  Poor  165 

Col.  Alexander  Scainmell  166 

Hall  Jackson,  M.  D.  168 

Rev.  Solo'iion  Moor  168 

Maj.  Gen.  John  Sullivan  201 

Dr.  John  Lampson  214 

Hpn.  Caleb  Ellis  225 

Rev.  Samuel  Whiting  232 
Kvn. Samuel  Macclintock.D.  D.  275 

Robert  Bowman  344 

Hon  Roger  Sherman  357 

Rev.  Timothy  Dwight,  D.  D.  359 


HISTORICAL. 


Account  of  the  Massacre  of  Jon- 
athan Bradley  and  others  at  Rum- 
ford  (  now  Concord  )  in  1746,  by 
the  Indians 

An  Account  of  the  voyage  of  the 
Plymouth  Pilgrims,  from  their 
leaving  Leyden  in  Holland,  till 
their  arrival  and  settlement  at 
Plymouth 

Extracts  from  the  Plymouth  Colo- 
ny Records 

Account  of  the  Charter  Oak  at  Hart- 
ford 

The  first  settlement  of  New-Hamp- 
shire 51, 123, 

Sketches  of  the  early  history  of  Bil- 
lerica,  Ms. 

An  account  of  Father  Ralle's  Strong 
Box, 


4  Bradford's  History  of  Massachusetts 

5  (  Review  of  )  129 
i  Historical  Facts  relating  to  Cornish, 

21 J     N.  H.  1S3 

I  Ancient  Proclamation  of  Gov.C'ran- 
I     field  156 

I  Historical    Notices   of  the  town  of 
>     Rochester  169 

33 'Extract   from  the  town    records  of 
;     Hopkinton  .  171 

40  i  Ecclesiastical  History  of  New-Hamp- 

'     shire  234,261,289,330,361 

41  /Ttie  cold  Summer  of  1816  254 
< Indian  Depredations  at  Dunstable       303 

193  J  On  the  Origin  of  Surnames  300,  337 

i  Historical  sketch  of  Epsom  N.  H.       321 
65  s  List  of  Counsellors  and  Rcpresenta* 
i     tives   in  N.  H.    1767  355 

108  >  Indian  Troubles  at  Boscawcn  37i 


TOPOGRAPHICAL. 


Description  of  an  Indian  Mound  ^Skecthesof  the  White  Mountains  in 
inOssipee  45  J     N.  H.  97 

Autiquities  in  Ohio;  singular  natural  ••'Tonographical  account  of  Epsom 
or  aniiicial  curiosities,  47  i     N.  H.  321 

Notice  of  an  Indian  Mouod  ia  Virginia  81 S 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 


ORIGINAL    LETTERS. 


Letter  from  Dr.Samuel  L.  Mitch-  j 
ell  to  the  Editors  30  J 

from  Rev.  Jacob  Bacon  to  t 
Pres.  W??':  1765 

oitiHjfi  Matthew  Thornton  i 
to  the  same  178^ 

from  John  M.  Hunt  Esq.  5 
to  one  of  the  Editors,  I80j 

from  Rev.  Hugh  Adams  to  the  i 
Governor,  240; 


Letter  from  Hon.  Matthew  Thorn- 
ton to  Pres.  Weare  341 

from  Col.  William  Whipple  to 
Col.  Peabody 

from  Hon.  Henry  Laurens  to 
Col.  N.  Peabody 

from  the  same  to  the  same 

from  Gen  Katlianiel  Green  to 
Col.  Peabody 


343 


371 
373 


S74 


Lines  written   at  an  hour  of  Mid- 
night  in  December 
Impromptu  on  the  death  of  a  child 
The  Epistles  of  Rot)ert  Short 
A  Mourner's  address   to  the   New- 
Year 


POETRY. 

i  Susan  and  Jack 
25;Amf.bican     SkktcheS.      The 
2Gi     Winter  Evening 
26  J 

56i 


58 
83 


MISCELLANEOUS. 


J  Strictures  on  the   same  249 

6  J  Reply  to  the  strictues  31.5 

^New  Inventions,  &c.  192 

.  12>Cenler)iial  Celebration  at  Portsmouthl93 

29?  Ne\> -Hampshire  Historical  society  : 

59i      Its    Organization — Constitution — 

i      Act  of  Incorporation  &c.  217 

§05 Miscellanies,   No.  I.  220;  No.   IT.  239; 

Literai7  Notices  31,  61,  92, 12'7,  159,181,  |     No.  IIL  278  ;  No.  IV.  307  ;  No.  V.  383 


Description  of  Eastman's  Improved 
Rotary  saw  machi-.e  (with  plate) 

Description  of  the  tread  mill  (with  a 
Plate  ) 

Natural  Wonders 

Anecdotes,  &c.  24,  28,  30, 

Discovery  of  a  mine  of  Graphite  in 
Bristol,  N.  H. 


Mortality  in  Milford  for  16  years 
do.     in  Deerfield  i'or  20  years 
do.     in  Warner  for  6  years 
do.     in  E;  i)ing  for  10  years 
Historical  Review  for  1822  A. 

Summary  of  News,  foreign  and  do- 
mestic, 
Register  of   deaths ;    Instances    of 
Longevity, 


223,  285,  3].'i,351,.3B8  5cincinnatu?  on  Longevity 


244 

32^         do.     No.  XCIV.  on'Govern- 

1995  ment  311 

200  J         do.     No.  XCV.  on       do.  346 

25GJ         do.     No.XCVI.  on     do.  378 

1  ?0n  American  Genius  259 

5  Satistical  view  of  the  county  of  Mer- 

l     limack  255 

5  Scale  of  depreciation  of  Continental 

„      „  ^l     Money  from  1777  to  1781  255 

Meterological  Journals,  <^c.  A.  9,  17,  25, /principles  ol   Geology,  or  a  summa- 
33,  41,  49,  57,  73,  81,  89,  93,  101,  102J      ^y  of  opinions  concerning  the  ori- 
Character  of  the   Fathers  of  New-         ^      g'in  and  formation  of  the  earth         257 

England  72' Gj.nealOf!,ical  account  of  the  Danforth 

"Harvey  Birch"  and  David   Gray        80  J     and  Varnum  families  269 

On  the  Causes  of  Earthquakes 
The  Old  Boar  chafes  again,  a  story 
Review  of  the  N.   H.  A&rjcultural 
Repository  No  T. 


lis  ^Meteorological  Observations,  by  J. 
1"2{     F.Dana.M.  D. 


252 


178  J 


COLLECTIONS, 


JANUARY,  1823. 


INTRODUCTORY  ADDRESS  AND  PROSPECTUS. 

THE   Editors  of  the  "  Collections  in  History,  Bioora* 
PHY,"  Slc.  one  vphirnc  of  which  has  now  been   conipletcJ— *• 
unwilling  to  discontinue  their  iiihors  while  their  mass  of  val- 
uable materials  is  undiminished — have    resolved   to  enlarge 
the  plan  of  their  publication,  in  the  hope,  that  by  presenting 
to  the  public  a  greater  variety  of  matter,  ihey  may   receive 
a  more  extcfided  patronage.     They  arc  fully  aware  that  no 
literary  journal  can  so  flourish  in  this  cold  northern  refi;ion, 
ns  to  drop  its  matured  fruit  into  I  he  hands  of  those  who  plant 
and  water  it.  Siill  it  is  to  be  hoped  the  pride  of  our  citizens 
will  encourage  at'.empis,   however  humble,    to  p-reserve  the 
memorials  of  the  past,  now  too  ra|)idly    perishing  ;    and  to 
cultivate   a    taste   for  literary  reading  and  speculation — too 
much  neglected  ! 

It  is  useless,  at  this  period  of  lime,  to  point  out  the  intimate 
relation  between  knowledge  and  happiness.   Many  nalions,  ia 
their  advance  to  g'ory  and  renown,  have    realized  the  truth 
of  the  maxinj,  that  "Knowledge  is  power."     And  the  people 
of  all  countries  will  agree  ih.it  it  sustains  the  fabric  of  their 
government — fits  them  to  enjoy,  or  nerves  ihem  to  defend  it 
— cheers  where  it  visits  the  remotest  and  daikest  corners  of 
the  earth — and  of  that  little  kingdom,  the  human  heart.  Few 
countries,  perhaps  none,  enjoy  the  advantages  of  the  United 
Stales  :  there  is  none,where  knowledge  is  so  easily  and  chc:ip- 
]y  diffused — where  that  guardian  of  the  people's   rights,  the 
PRKss,  has  such  free  and  deserved  influence.     Though  still  a 
youth,  our  country  can  boast  of  many  im[)rovements    in  the 
arts  and  economy  of  life.     But  in  the  great  fields  of  science 
and  literature,  our  advance  has  been  slow  and  timid  ;  we  are 
loo  fearful  of  the  watch-dogs  of  London    and   PMin burgh— 
and  dread  their  howlingseven  from  beyond  the  great,  \vaters. 


4  Introductory  AdArtss  and  Prospectus. 

Almost  every  stnte  in  the  Union,  however,  has  its  literary 
mag;<ziiies  anil  reviews:     soino    of  which    hive  heen  exten- 
sively pationized,  an<i  hive  risen  lo  rxalti  d  repnlntion.      In 
New-Hampshire,  we  have  not  a  single    puMicntion    devoted 
lo  literary  purposes  !     Not  a    single   shei  i  goes  al)road  into 
the  world,  to  vindicate  our    claims,  or  defend  us  against  the 
charge  of  barbarism.     Still  we  have  many  writers   capable 
of  honoring  iheuisclves    and    bei.efiuing   the  world — many 
whose   poetic    breathings    have  been  wafted  to  other  lands, 
and  admired  for  their  ^oliatj  softness  and  harmony.  Could 
not  such  men  be  induced  lo  im[)iirt   some   of  their    literary 
treasures  ?     Would  they  not  delight  to  scatter  abroad  in  this 
healthy  region  of  fiost  and  independence,  those    evergreens 
of  poesy  and  learning  which  flourish  in  their  hands,anrl  would 
honor  any  clime  ?     Nothing,  we  ai-e  persuaded,  would  deter 
them,  but  the  dreaded  prospect  of  lyri/i/i^,  wilhoul  biing  rkauI 
— Who  talks  to  the  clouds  that  p-.iss  on  heedlessly,  or  to  the 
winds  that  rush  furiously  by  ?        Demosthenes  might  appeal 
to  the  roaring  ocean — and  atl;»in    his  obj?'ci  :     but  were  the 
orator  now  alive,  he  might  sadly  choose  lo  address  old  Nep- 
tune, rather  than  speak  to  the  inattentive  ears  of  the  modern 
public.     Patronage    only    is   wanted  to  bring  out  itito  open 
gaze  and  admiration,  those 

"  gem?,  of  purest  ray  lerene.. 

The  daik,  uiif.tthoii»'J  cavet  of  ocean  bear." 

A  liberal  and  enlighlei\ed  patronage  would  not  fail,  even 
here,  to  call  forth  literary  taletil  and  entorprize.  And  we 
cannot  but  indulge  the  hone,  however  delusive  it  may  prove, 
that  the  citizens  of  New  H  mipshire — among  the  first  in  pat- 
riotism and  moral  virtue — will  also  distinguish  them&elves 
ere  long  as  the  friends  ai\il  patrons  of  leaning. 

In  announcing  the  proposed  alteration  in  the  plan  of  their 
work,  the  bldilors  would  observe,  that  the  original  design  will 
still  be  pursued,  so  far  as  to  preserve  all  important  papers 
which  may  fall  into  their  hatuls  relating  to  the  early  history 
of  New-England.     The  work  is  intended  to  embrace, 

I.  Historical  Sketches  of  Indian  wars,  battles  and  exploits 
— of  the  atlventures  and  sufferings  of  captives  among  the  In- 
dians :  also,  the  civil  and  ecclesiastical  history  of  diflerent 
towns  and  places  in  New-England,  more  particularly  in  this 
state, 

II.  Biographical  Memoirs  and  Anecdotes  of  eminent  and 
reraarkablo  persons  in  New-Hampshire,  or  who  have  been 


Introductory  Address  and  Prospectus.  i 

concerned  in  its  setilcmcnt  and  history  ;  with  notices  of  dis* 
linguished  individuals  in  other  stales. 

III.  Original  Essays  on  literary  and  moral  subjects  ;  the 
"  Lights  and  Shadows"  of  New-England  lite;  Sketches  of 
Domestic  Scenery  and  ol"  National  Chai-actcr  ;  Reviews  of 
New  I'lihlicaiions,  and  notices  of  Old  and  valuable  neglect- 
ed Woi  ks. 

IV.  Facts  and  Observations  on  any  subject  connected 
with  the  Useful  Arts  ;  Experiments  in  Agriculture,  and  Im- 
provements in  Machinery  ;  Inventions,  Curiosities,  &,c. 

V.  The  History  of  New-ITampshirc — being  a  continua- 
tion of  Dr.  Belknap's  excellent  work  ;  also,  a  History  ol  the 
Governtiienl  of  this  Slate,  with  sundry  important  documents, 
co[)ied  by  permission  from  the  originals  in  the  olfice  of  the 
Secretary  of  Stale.  C:C7~ln  the  history  of  our  State  govern- 
ment, we  shall  present  all  the  Messages  and  Speeches  of  the 
several  Governors  to  the  Legislature  ;  and  an  impartial  re- 
view of  the  proceedings  of  each  Legislature,  since  the  adop- 
tion of  the  Constitution. 

VI.  Poetry — original  and  selected  ;  Anecdotes,  &c. 

VIL  Statistical  Tables;  Meteorological  Observalions,and 
Facts  relating  to  Climate. 

VI 11.  An  Appendix  :  containing  a  faithful  record  of  po- 
litical events,  and  occurrences  at  home  and  abroad,  which 
may  interest  or  concern  the  people.  Also,  a  monthly  regis- 
ter of  Marriages,  Deaths,  Casualties,  &,o. 

Of  the  manner  in  which  the  work  shall  be  conducted,  it 
becomes  us  noi  to  speak.  We  are  assured  of  such  assist- 
ance and  iuds,  that  we  can  confiden:ly  promise  an  interesting, 
if  not  a  valuable  miscellany.  Of  our  own  l.ibors  we  would 
raise  no  expectations — as  we  make  no  pretensions.  We 
shall  pro-'eed  with  diTgence  and  care,  trusting  that  while  we 
sustain  the  burthen  of  the  expcrimei\t,  willing  and  active 
pens  will  not  be  wanting.  Our  own  exertions  will  be  much 
directed  to  the  preservation  of  the  memorials  of  "  oldea 
time,"  and  of  those  valuable  historical  and  other  docurnents 
whiih  have  been  rescued  from  or  yet  remain  in  dust  and  ob- 
scurity amid  the  rubbish  of  private  families.  Whether  we 
succeed  in  continuing  the  work,  depends  upon  the  will  of  the 
people.     Five  faiundred  subscribers,  punctual  ia   their  pay- 


6  Improved  Rotary  Saw  Machine. 

merits,  vvifl  enable  us  to  proceed.  And  it  surelj  ought  not 
to  Ijc  said,  (hat  among  240,000  ifihabitants,j^re  hundred 
cannot  bo  found  to  encourage  the  attempt. 

Readeu! — 'Ve  liave  spread  our  '  bill  of  fare'  before  you  : 
if  auglit  promises  entertainment,  you  arc  welcome  !  If  \V9 
succeed  to  please  you — the  credit  shall  be  yours;  '\i  \vc  full 
— the  fault  shall  uoi  be  ours. 


JOHN  FARMER, 
JACOB  B.  MOOKE. 


Concord,  K.H,  Jan.  \,   1823. 


^f$tt\xl  UutirntCon.G,  ^c. 


Description  of  an  improved  San;  machine,  zvilh  scclioual  teeth 
for  the  purpose  of  mamfaclurmg  slavi-s,  hiaclitig  and  tiding  ; 
I'jilh  remarks  on  the  machine.,  and  the  lumber  inanvfactJrpd 
})yil — by  Robert  Eastman,  of  Brunauick,  Maine,  With 
a  Plate. 

This  machine  consists  of  a  frame  about   twenfy-foiir  f(  et 
in  h-nglh,  and  five  in  breadth  ;  and  a  cirringc  al'out  twelve 
feet  in    length,    and    four   in  breadth.     'I'he carriage  travels 
with  iron  tru<  ks,  grooved  on  iheir  cir.- nmfcrence?,  which  vim 
upon  ii"on  slides  bolted  lo  the  inner  siiles  of  the  frame.     An 
iron  centre  passes  through  one  end  of  the  cariinge,  and  into 
the  end  of  the  log,  and  is  one  of  the  centres,  on  which  it  re- 
volves.    At  the    other    end  of  the  carriage,   where  there  are 
Izoo  C/0S5  pieces,  is  an  iron  ari^or,  which  receives  the  circular 
iron  index  uilh    concentric    ciicles  of  holes  drilled  at  eqnal 
distances  an(i  con-esponding  to  the  different  sizes  of  th<^  logs 
to  lie  manufactured  into  staves,    heading  or   siding.     These 
hr)}es  are  called  the  numliers  of  the   index.     On    the  end  of 
the  index  arl)or,  inside  of  the  carriacje,  is  a  square  (o  receive 
a  dog  littecJ  lo  it,  which   is    first   driven    into  the  end  of  the 
log.  and  then  slipfied  on  the  s(|uarc  of  the    index  arbor,  by 
means  whereof  the  index  and  log  are    fii-mly  connected  to- 
gether, and  both    revolve  on    the    index  arbor  and  centre, 
which  arc  kept  in  place  by  stirrup  screws. 

Near  the  middle  of  the  i'rame  is  the  main  shaft,  which  is  of 
cast  iron,  and  runs  on  friction  rollei's,  su|)poried  by  stands 
on  the  floor.  On  this  shaft  are  the  saw  and  sappers,  which 
are  firmly  attached  to  it  with  screws.  The  sappers  which  arc 


Improved  Jtolury  Saw  Machine.  7 

crooked  pieces  of  iron,  sleel  edged,  uiih  slits  to  set  then  at  a 
grcatcror  less  ilistatice  fioin  the  centre,  nccording  to  the 
width  of  the  lumljer  to  be  manufactured,  and  partal<iiig  of  a 
common  motion  witli  the  saw,  onlj  at  a  less  distance  from  the 
centre,  cut  the  sap  oft" the  log  leaving  the  ihicU  or  outer  edges 
of  the  lumber  perfectly  straight. 

A  band  pas>ing  round  the*  main  pulley,  which  is  on  the 
main  shaft,  and  on  a  drum  that  runs  under  it,  {lohich  may  be 
driven  by  a  horse,  steam  or  7Later  pou'cr.)  gives  motion  to  the 
saw,  and  sets  the  machine  in  operation.  The  saw  has  ordy 
section  teeth,  and  is  made  of  a  circular  piece  of  sheet  iron 
or  steel,  about  one  eighth  of  an  inch  in  thickness,  containing 
usually  but  eight  teeih  which  are  set  in  the  outer  edge  of  the 
saw  plate,  being  dove-tailed  and  grooved  in  order  to  remain 
firm  until  worn  out,  when  new  ones  may  be  set  in  the  same 
plate. 

Under  the  frame  is  a  small  shaft  with  a  large  pulley  on  it 
(inside  of  the  frame)  which  is  connected  to  the  main  shaft 
by  a  band  ;  on  the  other  end  of  this  small  shrift  at  the  out- 
side  of  the  frame  is  another  sniall  pulley,  which  is  also  con- 
nected by  a  band  to  ihv  feed  pullei/,  which  is  placed  near  the 
middle  of  the  frame.  On  the  insi'Jc  face  of  this  feed  pulley^ 
are  two  wheels;  one  of  them  containing  eight  cogs,  is  plac- 
ed in  the  centre  ;  the  other  a  S{|uirrel  wheel,  contains  fifty 
cogs  on  the  inside  of  its  rim  pointed  towards  the  centre. 
Another  short  shaft,  containing  two  wheels  of  about  eighteen 
cogs  each,  is  placed  near  the  middle  of  the  frame  ;  one  of 
these  wheels  mashes  into  the  rack  under  the  carriage  ;  the 
other  is  placed  on  the  outer  end  of  the  shaft  to  be  acted 
upon  by  the  large  and  small  wheels  that  are  on  the  feed  pul- 
ley, which  causes  the  carriage  to  feed  and  return  alternately 
by  the  different  acting  of  the  eight  and  fifty  cog  wheels  on  the 
18  cog  wheel,  which  not  only  reverses  the  motion,  but,  at  the 
same  time,  gives  a  different  speed  to  the  travel  of  the  car- 
riage, in  its  feeding  and  returning.  'I  hus  whvn  the  8  cog 
wheel  mashes  into  the  18  cog  wheel,  the  carriage  moves  for- 
ward with  a  slow  moiion  to  feed  the  saw  :  when  the  cut  is 
performed,  tiie  feed  pulley  with  ita  contents  drops,  unmash- 
es  the  8  and  mashes  the  50  into  the  18  cog  wheel,  which  re- 
verses and  quickens  the  travel  of  the  can-iage  in  returning,  as 
50  is  to  8.  This  motion  of  the  rising  and  falling  of  the  feed 
pulley,  is  effected  by  a  lever  with  a  small  steel  spring  at  each 
end  of  it ;  each  spring  has  a  catch  to  lock  on  a  pin  in  the  side 
of  the  frame,  to  hold  the  cog  wheels  in  their  mash,.whcn  the 
carriage  is  feeding  and  returni)ig.  In  the  centre  of  the  lev- 
er is  a  pin,  which  attaches  it  to  the  side  of  the  frame,  and  i« 


I  Improved  Notary  Saw  Muchxnu 

the  fulcrum  on  which  it  works.  On  the  top  of  this  ler^rV 
are  two  wooden  springs,  which  run  from  the  centre  to  the 
ciid,  a  little  rising,  which  forms  an  inclined  plane. 

A  knob  on  the  side  of  the  carriage  acts  on  the  top  of  this 
T^ooden  spring  as  the  cnrriage  is  feeding  and  returning,  and 
alternately  unlocks  the  steel  spring  from  the  pin  in  the  frame ; 
and  the  wooden  spring  causes  that  end  of  the  lever,  where 
the  knob  is,  to  descend  and  the  other  to  ascend,  and  locks 
its  steel  spring  on  the  pin  in  the  frame  again.  The  piece  of 
wood,  which  contains  the  feed  pulley,  is  attached  to  that  end 
of  the  lever  which  comes  at  the  middle  of  the  frame,  and 
causes  it  to  ascend  or  descend  at  every  travel  of  the  car- 
riage. An  iron  frame  is  bolted  firm  on  the  end  cross  piece 
of  the  carriage,  which  holds  an  iron  hand  with  a  steel  point- 
er in  it,  which,  by  means  of  a  steel  sprinc;,  locks  into  the 
holes  of  the  index,  and  keeps  the  log  firm  in  its  place,  while 
the  saw  is  performing  its  cut. 

On  the  inside  of  the  end  cross  piece  of  the  frame,  is  a 
shifting  iron,  which  is  a  horizontal  bar  of  iron  with  an  elbow, 
forming  an  acute  angle  on  the  outer  end  ;  on  the  inner  end 
is  another  elbow,  which  turns  down,  forming  a  right  angle, 
with  a  bar  perforated  with  holes  at  suitable  distances,  to  cor- 
respond with  the  numbers  of  the  index;  into  the  holes  in  the 
bar  a  steel  pointer  7  or  8  inches  in  length,  may  be  screwed, 
so  as  to  enter  the  holes  of  the  index.  This  iron  can  move 
horizontally,  being  supported  with  hook  bolts,  and  is  kept  in 
place  by  a  small  spring  acting  on  the  inner  end  ;  and  two 
guard  screws  are  set,  so  as  to  guide  the  large  pointer  into 
one  of  the  holes  of  the  index  when  the  carriage  and  log  re- 
turn from  the  cut. 

On  the  other  side  of  the  frame,  where  the  outer  end  of 
the  hand  on  the  carriage  passes,  is  a  small  trip  iron,  that 
strikes  on  the  outer  end  of  the  hand  and  unlocks  its  pointer 
from  the  index  ;  at  the  same  time,  the  large  pointer,  entering 
one  of  the  holes  of  the  index  and  the  carriage,  striking  the 
acute  angle  of  the  shifting  iron,  gives  it  a  horizontal  motion 
inward,  which  causes  the  log  and  index  to  shift  one  number, 
when  the  shifting  iron  strikes  the  guard  screw,  that  prevents 
its  shifting  more  than  one  number  at  a  time.  The  outer  end 
of  the  hand  being  now  relieved  from  the  trip  iron,  its  point- 
er enters  a  new  hole  of  the  index  by  means  of  the  spring, 
and  the  carriage  again  moves  forward  for  another  cut. 

Thus  it  operates,  without  any  aid  except  the  power  that 
drives  it,  until  it  cuts  a  tier  of  lumber  entirely  around  the  log, 
like  the  radii  of  a  circle,  leaving  their  thin  edges  attached  to 


Improved  Rotary  Saw  Machine.  i 

it.  These  arc  ihen  taken  off,  and  another  tier  cut  in  the 
same  manner,  that  is,  when  the  log  is  large  enough  to  admit 
of  two  tiers. 

Rffertnccs  to  (he  Plale. 

Fig.  1.  gives  a  top  view  of  the  machine  with  the  log  in  it  ready 
for  working. 

2.  gives  a  side  view  of  the  same. 

3.  an  end  view  of  the  same  with  a  log  as  partly  cut. 

5.  The  Saw. 

6.  The  Sapper. 

7.  The  Hand-frame  Spring  and  Hand. 

8.  The  Shifting  Iron  in  two  views. 

9.  The  Setting  Iron. 

10.  The  Trip  Iron. 

1 1 .  The  Trucks. 

12.  The  Stands. 

13.  The  Index. 

Reference  to  the  several  parts  as  put  together, 

AA.  The  Frame,  which  is  made  of  timber  about  8  by  14  inches^ 
and   put  together  by  screws, 

BB.  The  Carriage,  made  of  timber  about  7  by  8  inches,  put  to- 
gether by  screws. 

C.  The  Log  is  dogged  and  put  into  the  machine. 

D.  Saw  and  Sappers. 

E.  Main  Pulley  and  Shaft. 

F.  Feed  Pulley  and  Shifting  Gear,   which  is  connected  to  the 

rack,  under  the  carriage. 

G.  Tightening  Pulleys. 

HH.     Regulating  Pulleys  and  Shaft. 

I.  I.     Friction  Rollers  and  Stands, 

J.     Index. 

K.     Index,  Shaft  and  Dog. 

L.     Centre  Iron  and  Dog. 

MM.  Iron  Slides  bolted  to  the  sides  of  the  frame  for  the  trucks 
to  travel  upon. 

NN.     Revolving  Lever  and  Springs. 

O.  Pin,  which  attaches  the  Lever  to  the  sides  of  the  frame,  and 
is  the  Fulcrum  on  which  it  works. 

P.  Knob  on  the  side  of  the  carriage,  that  works  the  Shifting  Le- 
ver. 

Q.     Hand-frame,  Spring  and  Hand. 

R.     Shifting  Iron  and  Long  Pointer. 

S.  Setting  Iron,which  is  bolted  to  the  tinder  side  of  the  carriage, 
and  strikes  the  acute  angle  of  the  Shifting  Iron, 
when  the  carriage  returns  to  set. 

T.  Trip  Iron,  which  unlocks  the  hand  from  the  Index,  when  (ha 
carriage  returns  to  set. 

UU.     Stirrup  Screws. 

2 


m  Ipmroved  Rotary  Saw  Machine. 

Remarks^  ^c. 

This  machine  furnishes  a  new  method  of  manufacturing, 
lumber  for  various  useful  purposes.  Though  the  circular 
saw  had  previously  been  in  operation  in  this  country,  and  in 
Europe,  for  cutting  small  stuft',  it  had  not,  within  the  knowl- 
edge of  the  writer,  been  successfully  applied  to  solids  of 
great  depth  -,  to  effect  which,  the  use  of  section  teeth  arc  al- 
most indispensable. 

In  my  first  attempts  to  employ  the  circular  saw  for  the 
purpose  of  manufacturing  clanboards,  I  used  one  nearly  full 
of  teeth,  for  culling  five  or  six  inches  in  depth  into  fine  logs. 
The  operation  required  a  degree  of  power  almost  impossible 
to  be  obtained  with  the  use  of  the  band  ;  the  heat  caused  the 
plate  to  expand,  and  the  saw  to  warp,  or,  as  it  is  termed,  to 
get  out  of  true.  To  obviate  these  difficulties,  I  had  recourse 
to  the  use  of  section  teeth,  and  the  experiment  completely 
succeeded.  The  power  required  to  perform  a  given  quanti- 
ty of  work  by  the  other  method,  was,  by  this,  diminished  at 
least  three  quarters.  The  work,  formerly  performed  by  70 
or  80  teeth,  was  by  the  last  method  performed  by  8  tieth  ; 
the  saw  dust,  which  before  had  l)ecn  reduced  to  the  fineness 
of  meal,  wa^^  coarser,  but  the  surface  of  the  lumber  much 
smoother,  than  when  cut  with  the  full  teethed  saw. 

The  teeth  are  made  in  the  form  of  a  hawk's  bill  and  cut 
the  log  up,  or  from  the  circumference  to  the  centre.  The 
saw  may  be  carried  by  an  eight  inch  band,  when  driven  a 
proper  speed,  (which  is  from  ten  to  twelve  hundred  times 
per  minute,)  will  cut  nine  or  ten  inches  in  depth  into  the  hard- 
est while  oak  limber  with  the  greatest  ease.  The  sappers  at 
the  same  time  cut  off  from  one  to  two  inches  of  the  sap,  and 
straighten  the  thick  edges  of  the  lumber. 

The  facility  with  which  this  saw' will  cut  into  such  hard 
materials,  may  be  supposed  to  result  from  the  well  established 
principle,  that  where  two  substances  in  motion  come  in  con- 
tact, their  respective  action  on  each  other  is  in  direct  pro- 
portion to  their  respective  velocities;  thus,  a  circular  plate 
of  iron  put  into  a  quick  rotary  motion,  will  with  great  ease 
penetrate  hardened  steel,  or  cut  off  a  file,  when  applied  to 
its  circumference  ;  and  the  same  principle  is  applicable  to  a 
rotary  saw  for  cutting  wood.  The  requisite  degree  of  velo- 
city is  obtained  by  the  continuous  motion  of  the  circular  saw; 
by  which  also  it  has  greatly  the  advantage  of  one  that  has 
but  a  slow  motion  on  account  of  dulling,  as  the  teeth  are  bi>t 
little  affected,  and  being  only  eight  in  number,  but  a  fevr  mo- 
ments labor  is  required  to  sharpen  them*     If  the  velocity  of 


Improved  Rotary  Sara  Machitxe.  1 1 

\he  »aw  were  slackened  to  a  speed  of  but  40  or  50  times  per 
minute,  it  would  require  at  least  four  such  bands  toj  carry 
it  through  a- log  as  above  described. 

One  macliine  will  cut  from  1  8  to  20  hundred  square  feet  of 
pine  lumber  per  day,  and  two  of  them  may  be  driven  by  a 
common  tub  wheel  7  or  8  feet  in  diameter,  having  6  or  7  feet 
head  of  water,  with  a  cog  wheel,  and  trundle  head  so  highly 
geared,  as  to  give  a  quick  motion  to  the  drums,  which  should 
be  about  four  feet  in  diameter.  The  machine  is  so  construct- 
ed, as  to  mannfaclure  lumber  from  4  to  10  feet  in  length,  and 
from  two  to  ten  inches  in  width,  and  of  any  required  thick- 
ness. 

It  has  been   introduced   into  most   of  the   New-England 
states,  and  has  given  perfect  satisfaction.     The  superiority  of 
the  lumber  has  for  three  years  past  been  sufficiently  proved 
in  this  town  (Brunswick,  Me.)   where  there   has    been  annu- 
ally erected  from  fifteen  to  twenty  wooden  buildings,  and  for 
covering  the  walls  of  which,  this  kind  has  been  almost  uni- 
versally used.     The  principal  cause  of  its  superiority  to  mill 
savved  lumber,  is  in  the  manner  in  which  it   is  manufactured, 
viz.  in  being  cut  towards  fhe  centre  of  the  log,  like  the  radii 
of  a  circle  ;  this  leaver  the  lumber  fealher  edged  in  the  exact 
shape  in  which  it  should  be,  to  set  close  on  a  building,  and  is 
the  only  waj'  "^f  ihe  grain,  in  which  weather  boards  of  any 
kind  can  be  manufactured   to  withstand  the  influence  of  the 
weather,  without  shrinking,  swelling,  or  warping  off  the  buil- 
ding.    Staves  and   heading,  also,  must  be  rived  in  the  same 
way  of  the  grain  in  order  to  pass  inspection.     Tlie  mill  saw- 
ed lumber,  which,  f  believe,  is   now  universally  used  in  the 
middle  and  southern  states,  and  in  the  West-Indies,  for  cov- 
ering the  v.ails  of  wooden  buildings,  is  partly  cut  in  a  wrong 
direction  of  the  grain,  which  is  the  cause  of  its  cracking  and 
warping  off,  and  of  the  early  decay  of  the  buildings   by  the 
admission  of  moisture.     That  such  is  the  operation,  may  be 
inferred  by  examining  a  stick  of  timber  which  has  been  ex- 
posed to  the  weather  :  the  cracks,  caused  by  its  shrinking,  all 
tend  towards  the  heart  or  centre,  which  proves   that   the 
shrinking  is  directly  the  other  way  of  the  grain.     It  follows, 
that  lumber  cut  through  or  across  the  cracks  would  not  stand 
the  weather  in  a  sound  state  in  any   degree  to  be  compared 
with  that  which   is  cut  in  the  same  direction   with  them.     I 
have  no  hesitation  in  stating,  that  one   half  the  quantity  of 
lumber  manufactured  in  this  way,  will  cover  and  keep  tight 
and  sound  the  same  number  of  buildings  for  an  hundred 
jears,  that  is  now  used  and  consumed  in  fifty  years.     Add  to 


12  Description  of  tht  Tread  jMill. 

this  the  reduction  of  expense  in  transportation,  and  of  labor 
in  putting  it  on,  and  I  think  every  one  must-he  convinced, 
that  the  lumber  manu('acl.urcd  in  this  improved  way  is  enti- 
tled to  the  preference.  | 

In  manufacturing  staves  and  heading,  a  great  saving  is 
made  in  the  timber,  particularly  as  to  heading,  of  which  at 
least  doulile  the  quantity  may  be  obtained  by  this  mode  of 
sawing,  to  what  can  be  procured  in  the  common  method  of 
riving  it  ;  nor  is  the  straight-grained  or  good  rift  indispensa- 
ble for  the  saw,  as  it  is  for  the  purpose  of  being  rived.  The 
heading,  when  sawed,  is  in  the  form  it  should  be,  before  it  is 
rounded  and  dowelled  together,  ail  the  dressing  required  be- 
ing merely  to  smooth  off  the  outsides  with  a  plane.  'J'imber 
for  staves  ought  to  be  straight  in  order  to  truss,  but  may  be 
manufactured  so  exact  in  size  as  to  require  but  little  labor  to 
fit  them  for  setting  up. 

Both  articles  are  much  lighter  for  transportation,  being 
nearly  divested  of  superfluous  timber,  and  may  be  cut  to 
any  thickness  required  for  either  pipes,  hogsheads,  or  flour 
barrels. 


Description  of  the  Tread  Mill,  recentlx^  immted  in  England, 
and  recommended  by  the  Society  for  the  improvement  of  Pris- 
on Discipline. 

[We  present  to  our  readers  a  description  of  a  new  mode  of  punishment, 
which  has  been  introduced  into  many  of  the  English  prisoni,  and  is  to 
be  adopted  in  some  of  our  southern  penitentiaries.  To  illustrate  the 
s>ihject  more  completely,  we  have  procured  a  wood  engraving',  repre- 
senting the  prisoners  as  at  work.  The  effects  of  the  Tread  Mill  have 
alread)  been  salutary,  and  no  doubt  is  entertained  that  were  they  gen- 
erally introduced  into  our  prisons,  both  the  number  and  enormity  of 
offtnces  would  be  diminished.  There  is  nothing  which  the  convict  so 
heartily  dreads,  as  confinement  to  incessant  labor.  Our  prisons  are 
mostly  filled  with  criminals,  originally  idle  and  profane,  who  "too 
proud  to  labor,  and  ashamed  to  beg"  roamed  about  at  midnight  to  rob 
and  to  steal.  Hard  labor  is  a  punishment  to  such  men  appalling — 
while  in  the  eye  of  justice  it  is  so  mild,  that  any  change  in  its  form 
calculated  to  intimidate  offenders,  must  be  deemed  of  essential  service 
to  mankiQd.l 

[From  an  Englith  paper.'] 

The  attention  of  the  society  for  the  improvement  of  Prison 
discipline  has  long  been  devoted  to  the  adoption  of  some  plan 
for  the  eftectual  employment  of  prisoners.  All  attempts  of 
this  nature  have  heretofore  been  attended  with  considerable 
difficulty,  but  it  is  confidently  anticipated  that  this  invention 
will  not  only  afford  suitable  employment,  but  act  as  a  species 


Description  of  the  Tread  Mill.  1 S 

of  preventive  punishment.  Although  but  very  recently  in- 
troduced into  practice,  the  cficcts  of  its  discipline  have  in  ev- 
ery instance  proved  highly  useful  in  decreasing  the  number 
of  commitments  ;  as  many  prisoners  have  been  known  to  de- 
clare that  they  would  sooner  undergo  any  species  of  fatigue, 
or  suffer  any  deprivation,  than  return  to  the  house  of  correc- 
tion, when  once  released. 


The  annexed  engraving  exhibets  a  party  of  prisoners  in 
the  act  of  working  one  of  the  tread  wheels  of  the  Discipline 
Mill,  invented  by  Mr.  Cubitt,  of  Ipswich,  and  recently  erect- 
ed at  the  House  of  Correction  for  the  county  of  Surrey,  sit- 
uated at  Brixton.     The  view  b  taken  from  the  corner  of  one 


14  Descriplion  of  the  Tread  Mill. 

of  the  ten  airing  yards  of  the  prison,  all  of  which"  radiate 
from  the  Governor's  house  in  the  centre,  so  that  from  the  win- 
dow of  his  room,  he  commands  a  compltle  view  into  all  the 
yards.  A  building  behind  the  tread  wheel  shed  is  the  mill 
house,  containing  the  necessai-y  machinery  for  grinding  corn 
and  dressing  the  flour,  also  rooms  for  storing  it,  &c.  On  the 
right  side  of  this  building,  a  pipe  passes  up  to  the  roof,  on 
which  is  a  large  cast  iron  reservoir,  capable  of  holding  some 
thousand  gallons  of  M'ater,  for  the  use  of  the  prison.  This 
reservoir  is  filled  by  means  of  forcing  pump  machinery  be- 
low, connected  with  the  principal  axis  which  works  the  ma- 
chinery of  the  mill  ;  this  axis  or  shaft  passes  under  the 
pavement  of  the  several  yards,  and  working  by  means  of 
universal  joints,  at  cveiy  turn  communicates  with  the  tread 
wheel  of  each  class. 

The  wheel,  which  is  represented  in  the  centre  of  the  en- 
graving, is  exactly  similar  to  a  common  r;ater-wheel  ;  the 
tread  boards  upon  its  circumference  are,  however,  of  consid- 
erable length,  so  as  to  allow  sufficient  standing  room  for  a 
row  of  from  ten  to  twenty  persons  upon  the  wheel.*  Their 
weight,  the  first  moving  power  of  the  machine,  produces  the 
greatest  effect  when  ap[)lied  upon  the  circumference  of  the 
wheel  at  or  near  the  level  of  its  axle;  to  secure,  therefore, 
this  mechanical  advantage,  a  screen  of  boards  is  fixed  up  in 
an  inclined  position  above  the  wheel,  in  order  to  prevent  the 
prisoners  from  climbing  or  stepping  up  higher  than  the  lev- 
el required.  A  hand  rail  is  seen  fixed  upon  this  screen,  by 
holding  which  they  retain  their  upright  position  upon  the  re- 
volving wheel  ;  the  nearest  side  of  which  is  exposed  to  view 
in  the  plate,  in  order  to  represent  its  cylindrical  form  much 
more  distinctly  than  could  otherwise  have  been  done.  In 
the  original,  however,  both  sides  are  closely  boarded  up,  so 
that  the  prisoners  have  no  access  to  the  interior  of  the  wheel, 
and  all  risk  of  injury  whatever  is  prevented. 

By  means  of  steps,  the  gang  of  prisoners  ascend  at  one 
end,  and  when  the  requisite  number  range  themselves  upon 
the  wheel,  it  commences  its  revolution.  The  effort,  then,  to 
every  individual,  is  simply  that  of  ascending  an  endless 
flight  of  steps,  their  combined  weight  acting  upon  every  suc- 


*The  wheels  erected  at  the  House  of  Correction  at  Coldbath  Fields, 
are  each  capable  of  containing;  forty  or  more  prisoners,  and  the  joint 
force  of  the  prisoners  is  expended  in  giving  motion  to  a  regulating  fly, 
which  by  expanding  itself  in  proportion  to  the  power  will  keep  any 
number  of  men,  from  twenty  to  three  huadred  and  twenty,  at  the  samft 
decree  of  hard  labor. 


Description  of  ihe  Tread  J\lilt.  15 

sessive  stepping  board,  precisely  as  a  stream  of  water  upon 
the  float  boards  of  a  water  wheel. 

During  this  operaljon,  each  prisoner  giadually  advances 
from  the  end  at  which  he  mounte'd  towards  the  opposite  end 
of  the  wheel,  from  the  last  man,  taking  his  turn,  descends 
for  rest  (.^ee  the  plate)  another  [)risoiur  immediately  mount- 
ing as  before  to  fill  up  the  number  required,  without  stopping 
the  machine.  The  interval  of  rest  may  then  l)e  portioned 
to  each  man,  iiy  regulating  the  number  of  those  required  to 
work 'the  wheel  with  the  whole  numlicr  of  the  gang  ; — thus  if 
twent}'  out  of  twenty-four  are  obliged  to  be  upon  the  wheel, 
it  will  give  to  each  man  intervals  of  rest  amounting  to  twelve 
minutes  in  every  hour  of  labor.  Again,  by  varying  the 
numt)er  of  men  u[)on  thenvhecl,  or  the  work  inside  the  mill, 
so  as  to  increase  or  diminish  its  velocity,  the  degree  of  hard 
labour  or  exercise  to  the  prisoner  may  also  be  regulated. 
At  Brixton,  the  diameter  of  the  wheel  being  5  feet,  and  re- 
volving twice  in  a  minute,  the  space  stepped  over  by  eacli 
man  is  2193  feet,  or  731  yards  per  hour. 

'I'o  provide  regular  and  suitable  employment  for  prisoners 
sentenced  to  hard  labor,  h  is  been  attended  with  considera- 
ble difficulty  in  m;iny  parts  of  the  kingdom;  the  invrnticn- 
ofthe  Discipline  Mill  has  removed  the  difficulty,  and  it  is 
conddeiitly  hoped,  that  as  its  advantages  and  effects  become 
better  known,  the  introduction  of  the  null  will  be  universal 
in  Houses  of  Correction-.  As  a  species  of  prison  labour,  it 
is  remarkable  for  its  simplicitj'.  It  requires  no  previous  in- 
struction ;  no  taskmaster  is  net  essary  to  watch  over  the  work 
of  the  prisoners,  neither  are  materials  or  instruments  put  in- 
to their  hands  that  are  liable  to  waste  or  misapplication,  or 
subject  to  wear  and  tear;  the  internal  machinery  of  the  mill, 
being  inaccessible  to  the  prisoners,  is  placed  under  the  man- 
agement^ of  skilful  and  proper  persons,  one  or  two  at  most 
being  required  to  attend  a  process  which  keeps  in  steady  and 
constant  emploj'ment  from  ten  to  two  hundred  or  more  pris- 
oners at  one  and  the  same  time,  which  can  be  suspended  and 
renewed  as  often  as  the  regulations  of  the  prison  render  it 
necessary,  and  which  imposes  equality  of  labor  on  every 
individual  employed,  no  one  upon  the  wheel  being  able  in 
the  least  degree,  to  avoid  his  proportion. 

'I'he  arrangement  of  the  wheels  in  the  yards  radiating  from 
the  Governor's  central  residence,  places  the  prisoners  thus 
employed  under  very  good  inspection,  an  object  known  to  be 
of  the  utmost  importance  in  prison  management.  At  the 
Brixton  House  of  Correction,  with  the  exception  of  the  very 
few  confined  by  the  casualties  of  sickness  or  debility,  all  the 


16  Description  of  the  Tread  Mill. 

prisoners  are  steadily  employed  under  the  eye  of  the  Gov- 
ernor during  a  considerable  part  of  the  day. 

The  classijicalion,  also,  ol  the  prisoners  according  to  offen- 
ces, &LC.  may  be  adhered  to  in  the  ado[:ition  of  these  disci- 
pline wheels  ;  the  same  wheel  or  the  same  constructed  shafts 
can  be  easil}'-  made  to  pass  into  distinct  compartments,  in 
which  the  several  classes  may  work  in  separate  parlies.  Jn 
the  prison  from  vvhich  the  annexed  drawing  is  taken,  a  tread- 
wheel  is  erected  in  each  of  the  six  yards,  by  which  the  risk 
and  inconvenience  of  removing  a  set  of  prisoners  from  one 
part  of  the  prison  to  another,  is  obviated. 

As  the  mechanism  of  these  Tread  Mills  is  not  of  a  compli- 
cated nature,  the  regular  employment  they  afford  is  not  likely 
to  be  frequently  suspended  lor  want  of  repairs  to  the  ma- 
chinery :  and  should  the  supply  of  corn,  &c.  at  any  time 
fall  off,  it  is  not  necessar3''  that  the  labour  of  the  prisoner 
should  be  suspended,  nor  can  they  be  aware  of  the  circum- 
stance ;  the  supply  of  hard  labor  may  therefore  be  consid- 
ered as  almost  unf'ailing- 

With  regard  to  the  expense  of  these  machines,  it  may  be 
observed,  that  although  (heir  original  cost  may,  in  some 
instances,  appear  heavy,  the  subsecjuent  advantage  from  their 
adoption,  in  point  of  economy,  is  by  no  means  inconsidera- 
ble, and  it  is  derived  in  a  manner  which  must  be  most  satis- 
factory to  those  who  have  the  important  charge  and  respon- 
sible control  of  these  public  establishments,  viz.  from  the 
diminution  in  I  he  number  of  persons  committed.  Such  have 
been  the  results  already  experienced  at  those  prisons  where 
this  species  of  corrective  discipline  is  enforced.  The  saving 
to  the  country  (in  consequence  of  the  reduction  in  the  num- 
ber of  criminals)  in  the  public  charges  for  their  apprehen- 
sion, committal,  conviction  and  maintenance,  cannot  but  be 
considerable. 

By  a  contrivance  of  machinery  vvhich  we  cannot  here  il- 
lustrate by  a  plate,  when  the  machinery  of  the  mill  has  at- 
tained its  proper  spead,  certain  balls  rise  by  their  centrifu- 
gal force,  so  as  to  draw  a  box  below  the  reach  of  a  bell  han- 
dle, vvhich  will  then  cease  to  ring  a  bell,  placed  in  some  con- 
venient situation  for  the  purpose.  But  should  the  men  at  the 
wheels  cease  to  keep  up  the  requisite  speed  in  the  mill  work, 
the  balls  will  descend,  and  a  projecting  pin  on  the  box,  stri- 
king the  handle,  placed  in  the  proper  situation  for  that  pur- 
pose, will  continue  to  ring  the  bell  till  they  go  on  again  prop- 
erly; and  by  this  means,  a  certain  check  will  be  kept  on 
the  laborers,  and  the  govenor  or  taskmaster,  apprized  even 
at  a  distance,  that  the  full  work  is  not  performed. 


17 

BIOGRAPHY  AND  HISTORY. 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCH 


HON.  JOSHUA  BRACKETT,  M.  D.  M.  M.  S. 

The  progress  of  Medical  science  in  our  country  has  been 
gradual.     During  the  first  hundred  years  after  the  settlement 
of  New-Hampshire,  the  general  state  of  medicine  was  limit- 
ed and  hypothetical,  and  no  names  of  persons  who  acquired 
celebrity  in  the  medical  profession  in  this  State,  have  been 
handed  down  to  posterity.     Butdurinr  the  first  fifty  years  of 
the  second   century  of  the  existence  of  our  country,  there 
arose,   even  in    New-Hampshire,   a  number  of  men  distin- 
guished for  their  medical  knowledge,  and  their  zeal  to  ad- 
vance its  most  im[iortant  interests.    By  "a  regular  intercourse 
with  the  parent  country,  occasional  immigration  from  Euro- 
pean schools,  and  a  progressive  introduction  of  approved  au- 
thors," these  men  were  furnished  with  the  best  means  of  in- 
struction which  their  situation  admitted.  Though  they  had  not 
the  advantages  of  medical    establishments  now  so  common 
in  our  country,  they  had  all  the  aid  which  could  be  derived 
from  the  labours  of  some  of  the  most  eminent  physicians  and 
physiologists  in  Europe.     The  medical  works  most  generally 
known  and  in  use  at  the  close  of  that  period,or  at  our  political 
separation    from    the  British  empire,  were  those  of    Syden- 
ham, the  commentaries  of  Van  Swieten,  the  practical  wri- 
tings of  VVyatt,   Mead,  Brooks   and   Huxam ;  the  physiolo- 
gy of  Haller;    the    anatomy  of    Cowper,    Keil,    Douglass, 
Cheselden,  .Munroe  and    VVinslow, ;  the  surgery  of  Heister, 
Sharp,  Le  Dran  and  Pott ;    the  midwifery  of  Smellie    and 
Hunter  ;  and  the  materia  rnedica  of  Lewis.* 

Among  the  most  eminent  physicians  of  New-Hampshire, 
who  commenced  their  career  within  the  period  referred  to, 
may  be  named  the  Hon.  Joshua  Brackett,  M.  D.  of  Ports- 
mouth, of  whom  we  intend  to  give  a  short  sketch.t  He  was 
born  at  Greenland,  in  this  Stale,  in  May,  1733.      In  his  pre- 


*  See  Dr.  Barllett's  Sketch  of  the  Progress  of  Medical  Science  in  Mas- 
sachusetts. 

t  This  Memoir  will  be  principally  ilerived  from  an  account  of  Dr.Brack- 
elt,  written  by  Rev.  T.  Alden,  now  President  of  AUeghacy  College,  and 
published  in  the  26th  No.  of  the  Medical  Repository,  and  from  a  biograph- 
ical notice,  written  by  Lyman  Spaulding,  M.  D.  and  entered  on  the  rec- 
ords of  the  New-Hampshire  M«;dical  Society. 

3 


la  Dr.  Jo.^hita  Brarkctl. 

paratory  course  for  admission  to  college,  he  was  plac'ed  uih 
derthe  tuition  of  Rev.  Henry  Rust,  of  Straibam.  In  1748, 
he  entered  Harvard  College,  and  received  its  usual  honors  in 
1  752  and  1  755.  His  collegiate  course  being  finished,  he  at- 
tended to  various  publications  on  the  science  of  theology.  In 
contemplating  this  for  a  profession,  he  consulted  the  plca,*!- 
ure  of  his  parents,  more,  than  his  own  inclination.  Jlowev- 
er,  he  proceeded  in  his  studies,  received  licensure,  and  be- 
came a  preacher ;  but  the  state  of  hrs  heakh  was,  soon  after,, 
such,  as  obliged  him  to  determine  on  some  other  pursuit. 

He  then  devoted  himself  to  the  study  of  a  profession, 
which  was  more  congenial  to  his  turn  of  mind,  and  in  which 
Providence  had  designed  him  for  eminence.  He  devoted 
his  time  diligently  to  the  medical  aj  t,  under  the  direction  of 
J)r.  Clement  Jackson,  of  I^ortsmouth,  where  he  became,  and 
continued,  a  practitioner  until  his  death.  On  the  30th  of  Oc- 
tober, 1  783,  he  was  chosen  an  honorary  member  of  the  Mas- 
sachusetts Medical  Socictj^  and  in  1791,  he  was  complimcn'.- 
ed  by  his  alma  mater,  with  a  medical  doctorate. 

The  Nc\v-Harapshire  Medical  Society  was  formed  abotiC 
the  year  1790.  That  of  Massachusetts  had  been  in  exist- 
ence about  ten  years.  The  formation  of  one  in  this  State, 
was  a  favourable  event,  and  may  be  considered  a  most  inter- 
esting era  in  our  medical  history.  Though  a  more  system- 
atic and  extensive  course  of  instruction  had  begun  to  pre- 
vail, and  a  liberal  spirit  of  enquiry  was  gradually  advancing, 
yet  the  benefits  of  regular  meetings  for  personal  improve- 
ment and  for  diftusing  medical  knowledge,  were  greatly  need- 
ed by  the  physiciaiis  scattered  over  the  State.  Dr.  }3rack- 
ett  was  one  of  the  nineteen  named  in  the  act  of  incorporation, 
which  was  gi"anted  by  the  legislature  on  the  16th  of  Februa- 
ry, 1791.  He  was  elected  the  first  vice-president  at  thefirst 
meeting  of  the  society,  holden  at  Exeter  on  the  4th  of  May 
ensuing.  On  the  19th  of  June,  1793,  he  succeeded  his  ex- 
cellency Josiah  Bartlett,  M.  D.  in  the  presidency,  and,  by 
repealed  elections,  continued  in  this  office  till  the  1 5th  of  May, 
1799,  when,  in  consequence  of  his  declining  health,  he  re- 
signed it.  He  had,  previously,  presented  the  institution  with 
one  hundred  and  forty-three  volumes  of  valuable  books,  as 
the  foundationof  a  medical  library.  On  retiring  from  the 
presidency,  he  received  an  address,  which  handsomely  ex- 
pressed the  respectful  acknowledgments  of  this  Society  for 
his  diligent  and  friendly  attention  to  its  interests,  and  for  his 
liberal  donation  to  it. 

Doctor  Bpackett  had  interested  himself  ou  the  subject  of  a 


Dr.  Jot^hva  Ih-arkrtl.  I  0 

V-iofcssorship  for  natural  histoi-j  and  bolauv,  at  the  univcrsi- 
(j  in  Cambiidgo.  lie  lol.J  Rev.  Mr.  Aldcn,  tioL  many  \vccl<s 
before  bis  dcalh,  thai  iL  was  a  subject,  which  had  much  en- 
grossed his  mind  for  thirty  years.  It  afibrdcd  him  no  small 
satisfaction,  (hat,  before  his  decease,  a  plan  had  been  adopted 
for  carrying  so  useful  an  establishment  into  eilect,  and  that 
donations  for  that  purpose,  to  the  amount  of  several  thousand 
dollars,  had  been  subscribed.  He  left  the  recpiest  with  his 
consort,  that  a  certain  property,  of  the  value  of  fifteen  hun- 
dred dollars,  whcii  she  should  have  done  with  it,  n)ight  be 
convcj-ed  to  the  corporation  of  Harvard  college,  for  the  be- 
fore suggested  design.  Mrs.  BracUctt,  after  his  decease,  said 
she  should  "hold  his  every  wish  on  the  subject  sacred  as  a 
word  from  heaven."  She,  accordingly,  conveyed  the  prot> 
crtv,  with  a  generous  additional  sum,  a  bequest  of  her  own, 
to  the  corporation  of  the  college,  the  benctits  of  which  arc 
now  experienced  in  the  beautiful  establishment  for  many 
years  under  the  direction  of  the  late  professor  Peck. 

Doctor  Brackelt  was  mu'h  distinguished  for  his  activity 
and  zeal  in  the  cause  of  American  independence.  He  was 
one  of  the  committee  of  safet}'^,  during  the  revolutionary  war. 
At  an  early  period  of  it,  he  was  appointed  a  judge  of  the 
maritime  court,  in  New-Hampshire,  and  sustained  that  office 
with  reputation,  till  the  necessity  of  it  was  precluded  i)y  the 
establishment  of  the  district  courts. 

His  profession,  however,  in  which  he  shone  with  emi- 
nence, was  his  peculiar  delight,  as  the  native  bias  of  his 
soul  led  him  to  the  relief  of  those  wants  and  distresses,  which 
it  continuallj''  presented  to  his  view.  To  increase  his  knowl- 
edge and  usefulness  in  it,  his  reading,  which  was  uncom- 
monly extensive,  his  observations,  which  were  accurate,  and 
his  reflections  which  were  judicious,  were  principally  di- 
rected. But  in  medicine,  his  motto  was.  Imitate  Nature  ;- 
look;  at  the  beasts  of  the  field  and  imitate  them.  Their's  is 
nature  pure  and  undefiled  by  fashiop,  prejudice,  or  habit. 
He  was  extremely  attentive  to  his  patients,  and  spared  no 
pains  to  investigate  the  cause  and  the  nature  of  their  mala- 
dies, and  to  afford  relief.  In  arte  obstetrica  valde  perilus  fn- 
it;  nulla  fatmina  sub  tgus  cura^  labore  partariendi  imquam  nio- 
riente.  While  a  happy  general  success  attended  his  profes- 
sional ministrations,  his  tenderness  and  sympathy  with  the 
sons  and  daughters  of  disease  and  distress,  were  striking 
traits  in  his  character,  and  greatly  endear  his  memory. 

Doctor  Brackett  occasionally  made  minutes  of  important 
cases,  which  came  under  his  care,  and  of  the  measures  pur- 


20  Dr.  Joshua  Brackell. 

sued  5  but  as  these  were  merely  for  his  own  use,  few  of  them 
have  been  found  in  a  finished  stale. 

He  also  kept,  for  twenty-five  years  before  his  death,  a 
thermometrical  and  metcoi'ological  registry,  which  would  be 
a  valuable  acquisition  to  the  archives  of  any  philosophical 
society. 

His  moral  deportment  appeared  to  be  founded  on  the 
principle  recognized  in  the  golden  rule.  He  was  mild  in  his 
temper,  of  an  affable  turn,  amiable  in  his  disposition,  unas- 
suming in  his  manners,  and  was  sincerely  beloved  and  highly 
respected  in  the  social  walks  of  life.  He  was  a  man  of  warm 
friendship,  great  benevolence,  an  enem.y  to  flattery,  and  no 
one  was  ever  less  ambitious  of  popular  applause. 

Humanity  made  a  prominent  appearance  in  the  groupe  of 
his  excellencies.  It  ought  to  be  recorded,  that,  in  his  pro- 
fessional labors,  he  was  peculiarly  kind  to  the  poor,  and 
never  made  a  charge,  where  he  had  reason  to  think  the  pay- 
ment would  occasion  the  smallest  embarrassment.  This  was 
a  conduct,  which  would  not  have  been  unworth}'  of  the  man 
of  Ross. 

For  a  considerable  time  before  his  death,  he  found  that  his 
constitution  was  under  a  gradual  and  general  decaj',  and 
through  a  disease  in  the  region  of  his  heart,  as  to  the  nature 
of  which  he  could  never  be  fully  satisfied.  At  length  he  de- 
termined to  try  the  efficacy  of  the  Saratoga  waters,  for  which 
purpose  he  set  out  from  Portsmouth,  on  the  23d  of  June,  1 802. 
Having  arrived  at  the  springs,  he  continued  there  but  a  few^ 
days,  for  he  found  that  his  disorder  must  bring  him  to  the 
grave  ;  and,  feeling  a  consciousness  that  the  time  of  his  de- 
parture was  at  hand,  he  hastened  to  return,  that  he  might  be 
among  his  friends  before  the  closing  scene.  He  reached 
home  on  Friday,  theSth  of  July,  visited  several  patients,  and 
continued  to  walk  out  till  the  Tuesday  following.  .  From  that 
time  he  was  confined  till  his  death,  which  took  place  on  Sat- 
urday, the  1  7th  of  Jtfly,  at  two  in  the  morning,  1802.  On  the 
ensuing  Monday  the  remains  of  this  philanthropist  and 
physician  were  interred  with  great  respect,  and  the  tears  of 
the  widow  and  the  orphan  watered  his  grave. 

In  early  life.  Dr.  Brackett  was  married  to  Miss  Hannah 
Whipple  of  Kittery,  who  was  a  most  amiable,  accomplished 
and  dignified  woman.  Her  mental  endowments  were  inferi- 
or to  none.  Her  education  and  acquirements  surpassed  those 
of  her  sex  in  the  vicinity  of  her  residence.  With  such  pos- 
sessions, she  was  modest  and  unassuming.  Her  favorite  stu- 
dies were  Natural  Philosophy  and  more  especially  Botany. 


History  of  Conccrd.  21 

She  had  an  excellent  garden  well  stored  with  choice  and 
rare  shrubs,  plants  and  fruits.  In  benevolence,  she  was  not 
exceeded  by  her  husband,  for  it  was  by  her  will  that  the 
N.  H.  Medical  Society  realized  a  legacy  of  500  dollars. 
She  died  on  the  18th  of  May,  1805,  aged  70  years.  To  per- 
petuate in  the  N.  H.  Medical  Society's  Library,  (he  name  of 
its  founder,  it  was  resolved  by  the  societj'-,  that  the  name  of 
Brackett  shall  be  marked  in  golden  letters  on  the  covers  of 
all  the  books  that  were  presented  by  him,  or  purchased  by 
JVJrs,  Brackett's  legacy,  in  manner  and  form  as  underwritten. 

BRACKETT 

TO    THE 

N.  H.  MED.  SOC. 


Account  of  the  J^Iassacre  of  Jonathan  Bradley  and  others,  at 
Rumford,  [now  Concord^l  by  aparty  of  Indians,  in  1  746. 

[  From  a  manusciipt  history  of  Concord,  prepared  by   one  ol  ilie  editots  of  thede 
Collections.] 

The  opening  of  the  French  war  in  1 744,  caused  a  general 
anxiety  throughout  the  colonies,  and  particularly  on  the 
frontiers  most  exposed  to  Indian  depredations.  Gov.  Went- 
worth,  in  his  message  to  the  general  assembly  of  the  prov- 
ince, in  May  of  this  year,  exhorts  them  "to  consider  with 
great  tenderness  the  distress  the  inhabitants  on  the  frontiers 
are  in  at  this  juncture,  and  to  make  their  unhappy  situation 
their  own  :  to  consider  them  as  every  day  exposed  to  a  sur- 
prize from  the  enemy,"  and  stating  that  if  provisions  for  their 
safety  was  neglected,  they  would  "become  an  easy  prey  to 
a  cruel  and  barbarous  enemy."  Measures  were  accordingly 
taken  for  the  safety  of  those  towns  most  exposed,  and  small 
detachments  were  ordered  to  the  aid  of  the  settlements  at 
Canterbury  and  Contoocook,  [now  Boscawen.]  The  inhab- 
itants of  Kumford  were  as  yet  without  military  succor,  and 
they  empowered  Benjamin  Rolfe,  Esqr.  to  petition  the  legis- 
lature of  New-Hampshire  "for  such  a  number  of  soldiers  as 
might  be  sufficient,  with  the  divine  blessing,  to  defend  them 
against  all  attempts  of  their  enemies."  His  petition  was 
presented  in  June  of  of  that  j^ear,  but  no  detachment  was  or- 
dered  out.  In  December,  the  inhabitants  again  authorized 
Mr.  Rolfe  to  petition  the  general  assembly  of  this  province 
for  aid ;  and  also  "to  represent  to  his  Excellency  the  Gov- 
ernor and  General  Court  of  the  province  of  the  Massachu- 


•22  History  of  Concord. 

sells  Bay,  their  deplorable  circumstances,  bring  exposed  to 
imminent  danger  both  from  the  French  and  Indian  cnem}', 
and  to  request  of  them  such  aids  as  to  their  great  wisdom 
should  seem  meet,  and  which  might  be  sufficient  to  enable 
them  with  a  divine  blessing  vigorously  to  repel  all  attempts 
of  their  enemies."  Like  petitions  were  also  presented  in 
1745,  and  a  detachment  of  men  was  stationed  here  from  Bil- 
lerica,  for  a  few  weeks,  by  direction  of  the  government  of 
Massachusetts. 

On  Friday  the  7th  of  August,    1  74G,  a  party    of   Indians 
from  Canada,  to  the  nunibcr  of  about  one  hundred  came  in- 
to this  town,  and  meditated  the  destruction  of  the  place   on 
the  Sabbath  following.     The  inhabitants  had  for  some  time 
been  expecting   an  attack,  and    had  made  an   earnest  ap- 
plication to  the  Governor  for  military  aid — and    fortunately 
Capt.  Daniel  Ladd,  with  a  company  of  forty  men  from  Exe- 
ter, arrived  in  town   the  same  dzy.     There  had  previously 
been  a   company  stationed  here  from  Billerica  for  a  short 
time,  and  also  one   from  Andover.      The   inhabitants  were 
aware  that  a  considerable  body  of  Indians  was  in  the  vicini- 
ty, but    had    as  yet  discovered  but  a  few  who  were  out  on 
scouts.     The  Indians  themselves,  hearing  of  Capt.  Ladd's  ap- 
proach, determined  to  lie  concealed  until  Sunday  following, 
when  they  intended  to  massacre  the  people  assembled  in  the 
meeting-house-     But  the  people  on  Sunday  look  the  precau- 
tion to  go  armed  to  their  devotions,  and  placed  sentinels  in 
different  quf^rters  to  lookout  for  the  approach  of  the  Indians. 
They  had  the  night  previous  secreted  themselves  in  the  bush- 
es adjacent  to  the  meeting-house,    which  stood  nearly  on  the 
spot  naw  occupied  by  the  dwelling  of  Mr.  John  West.     One 
party  of  them  was   concealed   in  a  thicket  of  alders   then 
growing  where    Dr.  Green's  house  now  stands,  another  was 
hid  in  the  bushes  on  the  north,  between  the  meeting-house 
and  Capt.  Emery's  near  the  prison.     Some  few  of  them 
were  seen  by  a   little  girl   during  the  exercises,  but  she  did 
not  make  known    the   discovery  until   the  meeting  closed, 
when  the  people  marched    out  in    a  body;    and  the  Indians 
observing    their    arms,    concluded  to  abandon   the  attack. 
They  then  retired  to  the  woods  on  the  west  towards  Hopkin- 
ton,  with  the  design  to  intercept  Capt.  Ladd  and  his  men,  who 
they  supposed  were  to  pass  that  way  on  the  following  morn- 
ing.    On  Monday,  the  1 1th,  several  of  the  inhabitants  sat  out 
for  Hopkinton,  two  on  horse  back,  the  others  on  foot,  all  ar- 
med, but  not  in   the  least   apprehending  an  attack.     They 
marched  on  leisurely,  and  Obadiah  PtUrsy  one  of  the  party 


Flistorif  nfCcncord.  23 

on  foot,  j/rocccilcd  ?(5mc  di^tanrc  loruanJ  of  the  others  into 
a  hollow  .ihoiil  one  and  on  lialf  miles  from  Concord,  sat  dou/i 
his  giJii.  and  there  wailed  the  approach  ol"  the  others.     The 
Indians,  t!iinkin<^  themselves    discovered,  rose  from  their  hi- 
ding places,  tired  imd  killed  I'eters  on  the  spot.     At  this  mo- 
ment, the  rest  of  the    party,  with  Jonathan    Ihadley -M  lhc\r 
head,  came  over  the  hill,  and  seeing  the  fate  of  their  comrade 
and  their  ownpoil,  Bradley  cried  out,  "Fire,  and  follow  on!" 
and  they  rushed   down  among  them.     But  the  savages  were 
too  strong  for   them,  being  iwehc  to  one,     Samuel    Bradley 
was  shot  down  in  the  road.     'I'o  Jonathan  liiey  ofTered  quar- 
ter, having  been  acquainted  with  him  ;  but  he  refuscd^his  he- 
roic spirit  thirsting  to  avenge  the  death  of  his  comrades. — 
'i'hcy  then  dis[jatched  him  with  their  tomahawks.     Two  oth- 
ers, Jo/in  Bean  and  John  L-nffkin  were  fired  upon,  ran  four  or 
five  rods,  Icll  and  expired.     The  others  fortunately  escaped 
death,  were  made  {prisoners  and  cariied   to  Canada.     Their 
names  were  Daniel  GUman^    Alexander  Roberts   and    William 
^lidcncy.   Immediately  after  the  nielancholy  alfair  took  place, 
an  alarm  was  given  iVom  Mv.  Walker's  garrison  to  the  people 
wiio  u'cre  at    w^ork    on  the  interval  and  elsewhere  at    some 
little   distance.     They    soon    assembled    and   cousuUed   on 
measures  of  safety.     Mr.  Reuben  Abbott,  lately  deceased,  at 
a  very  advanced  age,  and  from  whom  many  particulars  con- 
cerning this  affair   have   been    collected,  was   fixed  npon  to 
bring  away   the  bodies  of  his   slaughtered   townsmen.     lie 
accoidingly  took  an  ox-cart  from  the  fort,  and  brought  away 
the  bodies  of  the  five  men,  which  were  buried  in  the  church- 
yard   on  the  following  day.     The    number  killed   of  the  In- 
dians was  unknown  to  the  inhabitants  until  some  time   after, 
when   the    information   was    brought    bj   Roberts  who  had 
made  his  escape  from  Canada.     From  him,  it  was  ascertain- 
ed that  four  were  killed,  and  several  wounded,  two  mortall^^ 
who  were  conveyed  away  on  litters,  and  soon   after  died.— 
Two  they  buried  in  w-hat  is  called  the  Great  Swamj%  under 
large  hemlock  logs,  and  two  others  in  the  mud  some  distance 
lip    the    river,    where   their    bones  were  afterwards  found. 
Stickney  also   escaped  from    cjjitivity  with  Roberts,   but  in 
crossing  a  stream    on  his  return  was  accidentally  drowned. 
Roberts,  soon    after  his  return,  claimed  a  bounty  from  gov- 
ernment, having  killed  one  of  the  Indians  at  the  time  of  the 
attack,  the  bones  of  whom  he   aftenwards  found,     l^he  Gen- 
eral Assembly,  on  the  19th  of  November,    1747,   passed  the 
following  resolution,  which  was  approved  by  the  Governor: 
"  Whereas  Alexander  Roberts  and  others  have  been  care- 


24  History  of  Concord. 

fully  examined  upon  oath  of  and  concerning  a  human  skull- 
bone,  which  said  Roberts  and  company  found  at  or  near  the 
place  where  said  Roberts  supposes  he  killed  an  Indian  man, 
and  where  he  saw  said  Indian  buried;  and  inasmuch  as  it 
appears  to  the  House,  upon  the  evidence  produced,  that  the 
said  skull  is  really  the  skull  of  the  aforesaid  Indian  :  There- 
fore, 

"  Voted,  that  there  be  paid  out  of  the  money  in  the  public 
treasury,  unto  the  said  Alexander  Roberts  and  company, the 
sum  of  seventy-five  |)Ounds,  in  the  following  proportions, viz. 
To  the  said  Alexander  Roberts,  15/.;  to  Daniel  Gilman,  7/. 
10s.;  to  the  widows  of  Jonathan  and  Samuel  Bradley,  each 
1 1/.  5s.;  and  to  the  heirs  or  legal  representatives  of  Obadiah 
Peters,  John  Luffkin,  John  Bean  and  William  Slickney,  each 
7/.  105." 

Jonathan  Bradley  was  an  officer  in  Capt.  Ladd's  company 
and  was  about  30  years  of  age  when  he  was  massacred. 
He  was  a  relative  of  Samuel  Bradley,  and  is  represented 
to  have  been  a  brave  and  intrepid  man. 

Samuel  Bradley  was  the  father  of  the  venerable  John 
Bradley,  who  died  in  this  town  in  1815.  He  was  a  most 
amiable  and  promising  young  man  ;  and  his  wife,  who  was 
afterwards  married  with  Richard  Calfe,  Esq.  of  Chester, 
and  survived  both,  in  the  latter  years  of  her  life,  used  to 
speak  with  great  nftection  of  the  husband  of  her  youth  and 
of  his  tragical  end.  She  died  August  10,  1817,  aged  98 
years. 

Obadiah  Peters^  it  appears,  was  at  the  time  of  his  death  a 
soldier  in  the  company  commanded  by  Capt.  Nathaniel  Ab- 
bot of  this  town.  He  had  also  been  out  in  the  expedition, 
and  was  at  the  capture  of  Cape  Breton  in  174«.  Little  is 
known  of  Bean  and  Luffkin,  or  of  the  others  who  were  en- 
gaged in  the  conflict. 

The  initials  of  those  who  fell  w^erc  soon  after  marked  on  a 
large  tree  standing  near  the  fatal  spot,  which  stood  as  the 
only  monument  until  within  a  few  years,  when  some  person 
cut  it  down.  We  are  however  pleased  to  learn  that  the  de- 
scendants of  Samuel  Bradley  are  about  to  erect  a  monument 
over  the  spot  where  their  worthy  ancestor  was  killed. 


The  sword  with  which  Col.  B.  Church  dispatched  the  re- 
nowned Indian  warrior,  Philip,  in  1675,  after  he  was  wound- 
ed by  one  of  the  natives  friendly  to  the  English,  has,  we  un- 
derstand, lately  been  presented  to  the  Massachusetts  Histor- 
ical Society,  by  a  descendant^of  Col,  Church. 


^octvi\  ^ncet»^ctes^»  «t. 


Fou  Tuv,  mterahy  JornwAij. 


LINES, 

WRITTEN  AT  AN  HOUR  OF  MIDNIGHT,  IN  DECEMBER. 

'TIS  midiiiglu  oVr  the  drear  expanse, 

y\nd  nature  silciU  sinks  in  sleep, 
In  the  blue  sky  red  meteors  dance, 

y\!ul  darkness  hovers  on  the  deep. 
Chilly  the  winds  suec])  o'er  the  fields, 

And  bitter  frosts  bind  earth  in  chains  ; 
The  zephyr  to  the  whirlwind  yields — 

And  naught  of  summer's  joy  remains. 

I\lethinks,  in  such  an  hour  as  this, 

Mortals  too  much  to  sleep  are  given — 
They  dream  not  of  the  purer  bliss 

In  stillness,  that  can  tell  of  heaven. 
It  is  an  hour,  when  Virtue  loves 

In  silence  for  her  foes  to  weep — 
An  hour  th'  cnraptur'd  soul  approves, 

Her  vigils  or  her  pra^'ers  to  keep. 

Now  Innocence,  no  harm  to  fear, 

From  pro^vling  Mischief  in  his  lair. 
Looks  forth  Creation's  joy  to  hear, 

Its  music  floating  on  the  air. 
Affliction's  watery  eye  may  roam 

'Mid  brighter  scenes  of  future  years  ; 
Nor  yet  forget  hrr  early  home — 

The  home  of  penitence  and  tears. 

'Tis  midnight!  all  around  is  still ; 

My  thoughts — do  they  aspire  to  heaven  ? 
Kind  Power  !  direct  me  at  thy  will. 

In  life  and  death,  at  morn  or  even. 
Religion!  at  thy  shrine  1  bow. 

In  midnight's  dark,  inspiring  hour, 
And,  as  1  there  renew  my  vow, 

Enlist  my  passions  to  thy  power, 

C. 

Following  virtue  is  like  ascending  a  steep  :  following  vice, 
like  rushing  down  a  precipice. — Chinese  Proverb. 


26  Poetry. 

FOR  THE  LITERARV  JOURNAL. 


IMPROMPTU, 

ON  THE  DEA'lH  OF  A  CHILD.. ..ADDRESSED  TO  THE  PARENTS. 

O  WEEP  NOT,  dear  friends  !  your  sweet  child  is  on  high, 

With  the  angels  of  light  and  of  love  : 
Though  her  form,  lovely  even  in  death,  meets  your  eye, 
She  liv'd  not  to  draw  from  your  bosoms  a  sigh — 

She  was  pure  as  the  spirits  above. 

In  the  morning  of  life,  she  has  pass'd  to  her  rest. 

With  all  the  bright  promise  she  bore  : 
The  parents  who  lov'd,  and  who  fondly  caress'd, 
And  friends,  whom  her  innocent  prattle  hath  blest, 

On  earth  shall  behold  her  no  more. 

Like  a  flow'r  she  has  faded,  all  bright  in  decay, 

Like  a  sunbeam  obscur'd  by  the  cloud, 
Or  the  sweet  vernal  zephyrs  that  transiently  play. 
She  has  pass'd  in  her  beauty  and  goodness  aw^sy, 
And  cold  lies  beneath  the  pale  shroud. 

Thy  spirit,  dear  child  !  could  our  sorrows  recall, 

To  visit  and  cheer  us  once  more, 
The  vision  were  joyful — 'twere  bliss  to  us  all — 
Though  brief,'twould  from  mourning  our  hearts  disenthral, 

To  joy  our  lone  spirits  restore. 

But  from  earth's  foul  abode,  S****'s  spirit  is  flown, 

To  far  happier  regions  than  this. 
Where  the  holy  in  raptures  surround  the  bright  throne 
Of  the  Father  of  Life  ;  and  the  lovely  his  own, 

Dwell  forever  and  ever  in  bliss. 

Then  weep  not,  dear  friends,  for  your  child  is  on  high. 

With  the  angels  of  light  and  of  love  : 
Though  her  form,  lovely  even  in  death,  meets  your  eye. 
She  liv'd  not  to  draw  from  your  bosoms  a  sigh, 

She  is  pure  as  the  spirits  above.  L. 


FOR  THE    LITERARY  JOURNAL. 

THE  EPISTLES  OF  ROBERT  SHORT. 

I.  Bob^s  account  of  his  success  in  a  lottery  adventure.. ..Addressed 
to  his  parents,  Capt.  John,  and  Mrs.  Peggy  Short, 

Dear  Friends — I  have  waited,  and  waited  in  vain, 
The/jrize,  aye,  the  money,  my  ticket  should  gain ; 


Poetry.  27 

J  have  bow'd  to  and  worsliippM  the  near  sighted  jade,* 
Who  of  thousands  like  me,  aye,  great  beings  hath  made  ; 
And,  forsooth,  while  his  measures  for  fame  were  a-brewing, 
Hatli  many  a  wiglil  tumbled  headlong  to  ruin. 

First,  inspir'd  with  high  hopes,  and  bcwitch'd  with  the  smile 
She  so  freely  bestows,  this  frail  world  to  beguile,   " 
I  resolv'd  to  be  rich,  to  bo  great,  to  be  grand, 
•And  with  rank,  pride  and  pelf  to  astonish  the  land. 
■I'd  be  rich,  too,  with  ease — I'd  no  menial  be 
Of  the  dull  drudging  arts;   I'd  forever  be  free 
From  those  cares  and  alarms  the  industrious  endure, 
Early  health  to  sustain,  and  late  ease  to  secure. 
I  now  plann'd  my  adventure — I  counted  my  cash — 
(I  can  now  say  nioat  truly,  'tis  nothing  but  trash" — ) 
l\Iy  ticket  I  bought,  and  forsake  of  the  seven, 
1  got  "Number  seventeen  hundred  and  seven."! 

O  ho^v  charming  the  title  !  how  precious  the  scroll, 
Which  her  agent  unbound  from  the  promising  roll  ! 
Tens  !  hundreds  !  and  thousands  ! !  Some  one  should  be  mine, 
Of  those  gems  in  the  "Scheme"  which  he  call'd  so  divine. 
And  so  sweetly  they  looked — ah,  I  thought  I  were  sure 
From  this  fountain  of  wealth  a  "Grand  Prize"  to  procure. 
Strange  projects  and  grand  now  crept  over  my  brain — 
I'd  dismiss  this  vexation,  that  folly  retain  ; 
This  friend  I  v/ould  cherish,  that  foe  I'd  disarm, 
And  my  splendour  should  shield  me  from  fear  and  alarm — 
Gorgeous  dwellings  I'd  build,  as  my  fancy  design'd. 
And  Bob  Short  should  be  great,  both  in  money  and  mind. 

But,  dear  me  !  the  dream's  over — I  feel  I  am  still 
The  rustic  young  Bob  trudging  onward  to  ill  ; 
For  no  good  seems  my  right  weary  life  to  betide, 
Teaching  judgment  these  vanities  all  to  deride. 

Would  you  think  it,  dear  dad  ?  my  last  copper  is  gone  ! 
Not  a  farthing  on  earth  can  I  now  call  my  own. 
The  last  went  for  tickets  ;  my  fortune  to  make, 
The  little  I  had  I  then  ventured  to  stake  ! 
Alas  !  'tis  too  true — I  have  given  away, 
What  labor  and  prudence  alone  can  repay. 
I  have  made  myself  poor — and  I  see  all  my  friends 
Chide  me  loud  for  my  folly — to  make  me  amends  ! 

*  The  Goddess  Fortuna  was  worshipped  in  different  parts  of  Greece, 
and  the  Romans  had  no  less  than  eight  different  temples  erected  lo  her 
honor  in  their  city.  She  is  generally  represented  as  blindfolded,  and  holds 
a  wheel  in  her  hand  as  an  emblem  of  her  inconstancy. 

+  This  number  has  from  time  immemorial  been  considered  a  fortunate 
number. 


28  Anecdotes. 

But  there's  one  consolation. — The  public  receives 
A  little  from  what  each  j.oor  votary  gives. 
So  it  seems,  though  we  give  what  no  more  can  be  found, 
We  taste  it  betimes  as  it  travels  the  rounti — 
We  share  of  the  field,  fountain,  cellar  and  stall, 
In  common  enjoyment,  the  rich,  poor,  and  all. 

Experience  shall  teach  wretched  Bob  to  be  wise  ; 
And  as  gold  is  worth  little  but  under  the  skies, 
I'll  adventure  in  gull-catching  iolieries  no  more, 
But  happier  regions  of  profit  explore. 
I  have  seen  that  mortality's  pur[)ose  is  name — 
Some  creep  through  the  brambles  of  life  into  fame  ; 
While  others,  from  motive,  and  nOt  want  of  skill, 
Drink  at  springs  of  humility — driiik  to  fehc  fill  ! 

Thine,  truly, 

ROBERT. 
D ,  Dec.  1822. 


Faith,  Hope,  and  Charity. — A  student  at  one  of  the  Univcr^ 
sities,  being  called  upon  for  a  definition  of  these  christian  vir- 
tues, made  his  replies  in  the  following  order; 

Quid  est  Fides  ?     Quod  non  vides. 

Quid  Spes  ?     Vana  res. 

Quid  Charitas  ?     Magna  raritas. 
What  is  Faith  ?      What  you  cannot  see. 
What  Hope  ?     A  thing  too  vain  to  be. 
What  Charity  ?     A  great  reirily. 


An  ignorant  fellow,  being  about  to  be  married,  resolved  to 
make  himself  perfect  in  the  responses  of  the  service,  but  by 
mistake  got  by  heart  the  office  of  baptism  for  riper  years  ; 
so  when  he  was  asked  in  the  church — "  Wilt  thou  have  this 
woman  ?"  &;c.  he  answered,  "  I  renounce  them  all."  The 
clergyman  said,  '•  1  think  you  are  a  fool :''  to  which  he  re- 
plied, "All  this  1  steadfastly  believe." 


Stipe7stitio7}.-When  the  census  was  taken  in  Spain,in  1787, 
the  number  of  females  in  that  country  confined  in  cloisters 
for  life,  amounted  to  32,000.  In  the  single  city  of  Seville, 
there  were,  in  1805,  no  less  than  twenty-nine  nunneries.  The 
new  constitution  and  laws  of  Spain,  have  suppressed  these 
worse  than  useless  institutions  ;  and  the  proceeds  have  been 
appropriated  for  the  public  service. 


NiUurcil   IVvndcrii.  !29 

NAl'URAL  WONDERS. 

h  is  very  surprisnig  that  Iwf)  of  tlu,-  groatcsl  iiafural  cu- 
riosities in  the  worKl,  arc  v.itliia  the  United  Slates,  and  ytt 
scarcely  known  to  the  besL  informed  of  our  ^eu:;;rai)hers  and 
naturalists.  The  one  is  a  Ijcautiful  water-fali,  in  Franklin 
county,  Georgia  ;  the  other,  a  sliipendons  precipice  in  Pendle- 
ton district.  South  Carolina  ;  they  are  both  faintly  mentioned 
in  the  late  edition  of  Morse'.s  tocography,  Itut  not  as  they 
merit.  The  Tuccoa  fall  is  much  higher  than  the  falls  of 
Niagara.  The  column  of  water  is  propelled  beautifully 
over  a  i)erpcndicular  rock,  and  when  the  stream  is  full, 
it  passes  down  the  steep  without  being  broken.  All  the  pris- 
niiitic   effect  seen  at  Niagara, illustrates  the  spray  of  Tuccoa. 

The  Table  mountain  in  Pendleton  district,  South  Caroli- 
na, is  an  awful  precipice  of  900  feet.  Many  persons  reside 
within  five,  seven,  or  ten  miles  of  this  grand  bpcctaclc,  who 
have  never  had  the  curiosity  to  visit  it.  It  is  now  however 
occasionally  visited  by  curious  travellers  and  sometimes  by 
men  of  science.  Very  few  persons  who  have  once  passed  a 
glimpse  into  the  almost  boundless  abyss,  can  again  exercise 
sufficient  fortitude,  to  approach  the  margit»  of  the  chasm. 
Almost  every  one,  on  looking  over,  involuntarily  falls  to  the 
ground  senseless,  nerveless,  and  helpless,  and  would  inevit- 
ably be  precipitated,  and  dashed  to  atoms,  were  it  not  for 
the  measures  of  caution  and  security,  that  have  always  been 
deemed  indispensable  to  a  safe  indulgence  of  the  curiosity 
of  the  visitor  or  spectator.  Every  one  on  proceeding  to  the 
spot,  whence  it  is  usual  to  gaze  over  the  wonderful  deep,  has 
in  his  imagination  a  limitation,  graduated  by  a  reference  ta 
distances  with  which  his  eye  has  been  familiar.  But  in  a 
moment,  eternity,  as  it  were,  is  presented  to  his  astounded 
senses  ;  and  he  is  instantly  overwhelmed.  His  whole  sys- 
tem is  no  longer  subject  to  his  volition  or  his  reason,  and  he 
falls  like  a  mass  of  lead,  obedient  only  to  the  common  laws 
of  mere  matter.  He  then  revives,  and  in  a  wild  delirium 
surveys  a  scene,  which  for  a  v/hilc  he  is  unable  to  define  by 
description  or  limitation. 

How  strange  is  it  that  the  Tuccoa  fall  and  Table  Mountain, 
are  not  more  familiar  to  Americans  !  Either  of  them  would 
distinguish  any  state  or  empire  in  Europe. — Port  Folio. 

Thomas  S.  Abbot,  Esq.  of  Conway,  lately  presented  the 
Mineralogical  Society  of  Portland  with  a  specimen  of  crys- 
talized  Quartz,  14  inches  in  circumference,  making  the  sides 
of  the  prism  measure  transversely  on  an  average  2  1-3  in- 
ches.    The  crystal  was  well  defined,  and  tolerably  perfect. 


30  Dress, ...Graphile. 

Dress, — The  two  Elizabeths  of  England  and  Russia  re- 
sembled each  other  in  self-idolatrj,  and  both  lavished  im- 
mense treasures  on  their  own  persons.  Elizabeth  of  England 
■possessed  a  rich  dress  for  every  day  in  the  year,  and  varied 
its  form  to  three  hundred  and  sixty-five  inventions  of  her 
fancy.  A  thick  quarto  volume  was  filled  with  the  simple 
detail  of  the  wardrobe  belonging  to  Elizabeth  of  Russia. 
This  mania  has  not  been  confined  exclusively  to  the  fair  sex. 
When  Dresden  fell  into  the  hands  of  Prussia,during  the  seven 
years  war,  the  Saxon  minister  Count  Burhl,  afforded  the  vic- 
tors a  spoil  of  800  pairs  of  boots,  which  Frederick  ordered 
should  be  distributed  to  his  guards.  Twelve  hundred  wigs, 
which  had  sate  in  turn  upon  the  lofty  brow  of  the  statesman, 
many  hundred  dozens'  of  shirts,  silk  stockings,  laeed  cravats, 
and  other  articles  of  masculine  finery,  were  also  sent  to  dif- 
ferent marts,  and  converted  into  cash  for  the  royal  treasury. 
The  prince  Esterhazy,  of  Austria,  who  has  been  ambassador 
to  several  courts  of  Europe,  wears  a  dress  worth  a  million  of 
pounds  sterling — his  coal  alone  being  worth  200,000/.  and 
the  hilt  of  his  sword  100,000/. 


Plumbago,  or  Graphite. — This  article  has  lately  been  "dis- 
covered in  the  towns  of  Bristol  and  Francestown  in  this 
State.  In  Bristol,  it  has  been  found  of  superior  excellence, 
and  is  said  to  be  very  abundant.  By  the  politeness  of  Mr. 
Charles  S.  Dunbar,  the  proprietor  of  the  land  which  con- 
tains it,  the  editors  have  been  furnished  with  several  speci- 
mens, one  of  which,  they  sent  to  Dr.  Mitchell  of  New- 
York,  who,  in  a  communication  on  the  subject,  speaks  as  fol- 
lows  : 

"Your  specimen  of  Plumbago  was  cordially  received.  I 
set  a  value  upon  it,  by  reason  of  the  native  and  Fredonian 
source  whence  it  came,  and  on  account  of  its  own  apparent 
worth  and  excellence. 

"It  is  pleasing  to  find  our  landed  proprietors  inquiring 
somewhat  below  the  surface,  for  the  good  things  contained 
in  the  grants  they  received  by  superficial  measurement. — 
When  they  shall  go  deep  into  the  matter,  they  will  learn  the 
importance  of  the  French  maxim,  approfondessez,  which,  you 
know,  means,  go  to  the  hoitom  of  the  subject.  I  trust  the  time 
is  approaching  when  the  purchaser  of  lands  will  require  not 
merely  a  geometrical  description,  but  a  geological  one  j 
whereby  the  purchaser  shall  know  that  he  gets  so  many 
acres /ree  and  clear  ;  and  moreover,  such  and  so  many  strata 
nice  and  proper. 


Lilerart/  J^'vtices.  31 

"1  congratulate  you  on  the  (Jiscovcry  of  such  a  treasure  in 
our  country.  ?fJuch  is  due  to  the  Mines  thnt  supply  us  with 
pencils  and  crucibles." 

Specimens  have  been  furnished  Professor  Dana,  of  Dart- 
mouth College,  who  thinks  it  equal  to  the  celebrated  Burrow- 
dale  ore. 

That  which  has  been  discovered  in  Franccstown  is  said  to 
be  of  good  quality.  Wc  arc  not  informed  whether  it  ex- 
ists in  large  or  small  ciuanlitics.  There  lias  also  been  found 
in  the  south  part  of  Franccstown,  near  Lewis's  mills,  some 
beautiful  specimens  of  Rock  Crystal. 


LITERARY  NOTICES. 

Richardson  ^-  Lord,  Boston,  havo  lately  published  the 
^'■History  of  Massachusetts  from  1764  to  July,  177i;  hy  Aldm 
Bradford,  Secretary  of  the  Commonweallh.''''  The  work  com- 
|)rises  about  400  octavo  pages,  is  neatly  executed,  and  ex- 
tremely well  written.  When  the  opportunities  and  talents 
of  the  writer,  and  the  interesting  period  of  which  he  treats, 
are  considered — the  work  would  seem  to  want  no  other  re- 
commendation to  the  public  patronage. 

Ntxo-H amp  shire  Agricultural  Repository. — Hill  &  Moore, 
Concord,  have  now  in  press  No.  1,  of  this  work,  published 
by  the  Board  of  Agriculture  for  the  state,  pursuant  to  an  act 
of  the  legislature.  The  present  number  is  very  interesting  j 
it  will  reflect  credit  on  the  Board,  and  tend  in  no  small  de- 
gree to  do  away  those  prejudices  which  have  hitherto  oppo- 
sed almost  exery  improvement  in  the  science  of  husbandry. 

"T'/tc  Scholar^ s  guide  to  the  History  of  the  Bible,  or  an  A- 
bridgement  of  the  Scriptures  of  the  Old  and  Ncio  Testamenty 
with  Explanatory  Remarks.  Intended  for  the  use  of  Schools 
^families.     By  the  Rev.  Titus  Strong,  A.  M.''"'' 

A  small  volume,  with  the  above  title,  has  recently  fallen 
into  our  hands,  which  wo  would  recommend  to  the  favourable 
notice  of  parents  and  instructors.  The  object  of  this  work  is 
to  furnish  young  persons  especially  with  a  summary  view  of 
those  sacred  truths  of  Scripture,  with  which,  as  rational  and 
accountable  beings,  our  present  and  future  hapjiiness  is  in- 
separably connected.  The  j^lan  of  the  work  is  judicious, 
and  the  execution  of  it,  in  our  opinion,  is  such  that  this  little 
compend  cannot   fail  to   interest  and  to  profit  both  in  the 


32 


MorlalUij  in  Milfml 


school  nnd  the  family.  In  this  age  of  religious  inqiiir}'. 
Avhcn  few  are  founrl  holding  a  faith  which  they  do  not  sup- 
pose sanctified  by  the  Divine  Oracles,  an  intinriate  knowl- 
edge ofthcBll>le  is  esteemed  u  necessary  part  of  educa- 
tion, 'i'he  person,  tiierelore,  who  adapts  the  inspired  rolumo 
to  the  literar\'  taste  of  the  present  da^',  cannot  fail  to  rcecivo 
public  commendation.  We  conceive  Mr.  Strong  has  done  if. 
and  that,  in  tiiis  new  labor  for  the  rising  generation,  he  will 
acquire  additional  reputation  as  a  scholar  and  as  oi,j  of  the 
most  useful  clergymen  in  our  country.  B. 

J3ILL  OF  MORTALITY  FOR  MILFORD,  N.  tl. 

For  sixteen  years^  commeTicing  Jaiu  1,  180G. 
By  Hon.  John  Wallace,  Jr.  M.  S.  S. 


Vfais.Uaii.  Il'eb.  IM;ir.lA|)i.  IMiiy  IJun. 

July 

Aug.l 

Sep.  [Oct.U\ov.li)«'C.| 

lOIJll 

180G     I  1 

o 

1 

2 

1 

3 

1 

11 

1807 

1 

1 

o 

1 

1 

1 

.J 

10 

1808    4 

1 

1 

1 

6 

1809            1    ! 

1    1 

2 

1 

4 

1 

9 

1810     1 

2 

3 1 

1 

1 

3 

11  ' 

1811 

1 

o 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

9 

1812 

3 

1 

1 

2 

7 

1813 

1 

1 

2 

1 

2 

3 

10 

1814 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

5 

6 

20 

1815 

b 

3 

3 

3 

1 

1 

3 

1 

20 

1816 

4 

3 

1 

3 

1 

1 

2 

16 

1817 

3 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

9 

1818 

o 

2 

1 

2 

3 

3 

1 

1 

2 

2 

19 

1819 

3 

1 

o 

O 

1 

2 

3 

1   6 

21 

1820 

o 

o 

3 

1 

I 

3 

2 

1 

1 

2 

1 

20 

182ll       1    1 

1 

1 

2 

5 

3 

1 

o 

17 

Toi'ljlD  118 

|22   |18   117   1    7 

118 

115 

|20   120  1 18  122 

1214 

DISEASES. — Apoplexy,  1  ;  cancer,  2  ;  throat  distemper, 
11  ;  casualties,  2;  consumptions,  28  ;  cholic,  1;  dropsy,  5  ;  do. 
of  the  head,  2;  dysentary,  21  ;  dyspepsia,  1  ;  fever  typhus,9  ; 
do.  lung,  15  ;  do.  spotted,  17  ;  do.  worm,  6  -,  fits,  8  ;  gout,  2  ; 
hepatitis,  4  ;  hooping  cough,  4  ;  infantile  diseases,  27  ;  phren- 
itis,  1  ;  old  age,  8  ;  quinsey,  1  ;  scalds,  2  ;  still  born,  4  ;  sud- 
den, 3  ;  rheumatism,  2  ;  palsy,  1  ;  unknown,  25. 

AGES. — Of  16  years  and  over,  ...     .     99 

Under  16  years, 105 

Ages  unknown, 10 


Total, 


214 


FEBRUARY,  1823. 


HISTORY  AND  BIOGRAPHY. 

An  account  of  the  voyage  of  the  Plymouth  Pilgrims,  from  their 
leaving  Ley  den  in  Holland,  till  their  arrival  in  Ktw-Eng- 
land,  and  settlement  of  Plymouth. 

[Collected  by  the  Rev.  Thomas  Prince,  principallj  from  Got.  Bradford's  Histo- 
ry of  the  Plymouth  people  and  colony,  from  1G02  to  1646,  in  270  MS.  pages, 
in  filio.  It  is  greatly  to  be  regretted,  that  this  first  and  valuable  history  of  th« 
pilgrims  was  never  published,  and  still  more,  that  the  manuscript  is  supposed 
now  to  be  lost  beyond  recovery.  It  was  deposited  with  Mr.  Prince's  valuable 
collectici)  of  papers  in  the  library  of  the  old  south  church  in  Boston,  and  was 
either  destroyed  or  carried  away  by  the  barbarians  of  the  British  army,  wh» 
converted  the  old  south  church  into  a  riding  school.] 

On  the  deck  then  the  pilgrims  tog-elher  knelt  down, 
And  lifted  their  hands  to  the  source  of  each  blessing", 

Who  supports  by  his  smile,  or  can  blast  with  his  frown, 
To  him  their  returns  of  thanksgiving  addressing. 

His  arm  through  the  ocean  had  lod  to  the  shore, 

Where  their  perils  were  ended,  their  wanderings  were  o'er. 

AH  hushed  were  the  breezes,  the  ocean  at  rest 
Was  bright  in  the  radiance  that  lingered  at  even, 

The  prayer  of  the  pilgrims  arose  from  eacii  breast. 
Each  tongue  utter'd  forth  hallelujahs  to  heaven. 

The  arm  of  Jehovah  had  led  to  the  shore, 

Where  their  perils  were  ended,  their  wanderings  were  o'er. 

UPHAMk 

"About  the  21st of  July, the  English  voyagers  at  Leyden 
leave  that  city,  where  they  had  lived  near  twelve  years  ;  be- 
ing accompanied  by  moFt  of  their  brethren  to  Dclph-Ha- 
ven,  where  their  ship  lay  ready,  and  sundry  come  froni 
Amsterdam,  to  see  them  ship'd  and  take  their  leave  :  they 
spend  the  night  in  friendly,  entertaining  and  christian  con- 
verse. And  July  22,  the  Avind  being  fair,  they  go  aboard, 
their  friends  attending  them :  at  their  parting,  Mr.  Robinson 
6 


34  Voyage  of  the  Plymoiiih  Pilgrims. 

falling  down  on  his  knees,  and  they  all  with  him.  He  with 
■watery  cheeks  commends  them  with  most  fervent  prayer  to 
Go  i  ;  and  then  witli  umtual  embraces  and  many  tears,  they 
take  their  leave,  and  widi  a  prosperous  gale,  come  to  South- 
Hamiiton.  wliere  they  fi.id  the  bigger  ship  fiom  London,  Mr. 
Jone.-,l\iosier,  wiih  the  rest  of  the  con  [any,  who  had  been 
w  litiiig  th-re  with  Mr.  Cushman  seven  days.  ScAen  hun- 
dred pounds  sterling  are  In  id  out  at  South-Hampton,  and 
they  cr'rry  about  1700  pounds  venture  ^\  ith  diem  :  and  Mr. 
Westt)n  comes  thither  from  London,  to  see  them  despatch- 
ed. 

,J}ily  23.  King  James  gives  a  warrant  to  his  Solicitor,  Sir 
Thomas  Coventry,  topref)arc  anew  patent  for  the  incorpo- 
ration of  the  adventurers  to  the  Northern  Coioiiy  of  ^'ir- 
g.inia,  be' ween  40  and  48  deg.  N.  which  patent  the  King 
sii^ns  on  Nov.  3d,  styling  them  the  Council  for  the  affairs  of 
New-England  and  their  successors. 

July  27.  Mr.  Robinson  writes  to  Mr.  Carver  and  people, 
letters,  which  they  receive  at  South-Hampton :  and  the 
comf)any  being  called  together,  theits  is  read  among  them, 
to  the  acce|)tance  of  all,  and  after  fruit  of  many.  Then 
they  distribute  their  company  in!o  the  ships,  and  with  the 
approbation  of  the  masters,  choose  a  governor  and  two  or 
three  assistants  for  each,  to  order  the  people  and  provis- 
ions. 

AaS' 5.  They  sail  from  South-Hampton;  but  reach  not 
far  before  Mr.  Reinohls,  master  of  the  lesser  ship,  com- 
pliined  she  was  so  leaky  that  he  dare  proceed  no  farther  ; 
upon  wSich  they  both  put  in  to  Dartmouth,  about  Aug.  13, 
■wh''re  they  search  and  mend  her  to  their  great  charge  and 
loss  ot  time  and  a  fair  wind,  though  had  they  staid  at  sea 
but  three  or  four  hours  more,  she  had  sunk  right  down.  A- 
bout  Aug.  21,  they  set  sail  again  ;  but  having  gone  above  a 
hundred  leagues  beyond  !he  lands-end  of  England,  Mr. 
Reiiiold  comi)lained  of  her  leaking  again,  that  they  must 
eiihf^r  return  or  sink,  for  the}'  could  scarce  free  her  by 
pumpmg:  upon  which  they  both  put  back  to  Plymouth; 
where,  finding  no  defect,  they  judge  her  leakiness  owing  to 
her  general  weakness.  They  tin  refore,  as^rce  to  dismiss 
her  and  t''ose  who  are  willing,  to  return  (o  Londcai,  though 
this  was  very  irricvous  and  discouraging;  Mr.  Cushman  and 
family  reiurnintj  with  them  ;  the  rest  taking  what  provisions 
they  could  wll  stow  in  the  larger  ship,  resolve  to  proceed 
on  the  voyage  alone. 


Voyage,  of  (he  Plymouth  Pilgrims.  35 

Sept.  6.  Tliej  imke  anoi  her  sad  pariing,  and  the  sjrratcr 
ship  sets  sail  again  :  But  about  half  seas  over,  iiueis  vv  th 
cross  winds  and  many  fierce  storms,  which  oU(mi  force  them 
to  hull  for  divers  days  together,  not  being  able  to  bear  a 
knoL  of  sail ;  make  her  upper  vvurks  vory  leaky,  and  b.^w 
and  *vrack  u  main  bertni  in  the  mid  slii|t;  which  puis  them 
in  such  fear,  as  ihe  chief  of  the  company  enters  into  a  seri- 
ous consultation  with  the  ship  ofticei's  about  retui'ning:  But 
a  passenger  having  brought  a  great  iron  screw  from  Hol- 
land, th^y  with  it  raise  the  beam  into  its  place;  and  then 
committing  themselves  to  the  Divine  Will  proceed. 

J^ov.  6.  Diivs  at  sea  William  Batten,  a  youth  and  servant 
to  Samuel  Fuller,  being  th.'  only  passenger  who  dies  on  the 
voyage. 

J^ov.  9.  At  break  of  day,  after  long  beating  the  sea, 
they  make  the  land  ofCAPE  Con.  whereupon  they  tack  and 
stand  to  the  southward,  the  wind  and  weathfM*  being  fair,  to 
finrl  some  place  about  Hudson's  river  for  settkmimt.  But 
sailing  this  course  about  half  the  day,  they  fajl  among  roar- 
ing shoals  and  breaker-;,  and  are  so  entanglrd  with  them  as 
they  find  themselves  in  great  hazard. and  the  win  I  siirink- 
ing '  upon  them  at  the  same  time,'they  bare  up  for  the 
cape,  get  out  of  those  dangers  before  night  ;  and  the  next 
day,  into  the  Cape  harbour,  where  they  ride  in  safety. 

J\''ov.  11,  Saturday.  Being  thus  arrived,  they  fir-t  fall  on 
their  knees  and  bless  the  God  of  Heaven,  &c.  But  'heir 
desi2;n  and  patent  being  for  Virccinia.  and  not  New-F-nofland, 
which  belongs  to  another  jurisdiction,  wherewith  the  Virgin- 
ia company  have  no  concern  ;  before  they  land,  they  this 
day  combine  into  a  Body  Politic  by  a  Solemn  Contract  *  to 
which  they  set  their  hands,  as  the  basis  of  thrir  government, 
in  this  new  found  country  ;  c'loose  Mr.  John  Carver,  a  pi- 
ous and  well  approved  g-^ntleman,  their  governor,  fnr  the 
first  year.  And  then  set  ashore  fifteen  or  sixteen  men.  well 
armed,  to  fetch  wood  and  discover  the  land  ;  who,  at  night, 
return,  but  found  neither  house  nor  person. 

J^ov.  )S,. Monday.  The  people  go  ash  ;re  to  refr'^sh  them- 
selves, and  every  day  the  whiles  play  round  about  them, 
and   the  greatest   store   of    fowls    they  ever  saw.     But  the 

[*Iii  rilliision  to  (lii-<  Con'rart,  tlie  roliowinjr  tnnsf  was  f  iven  nt  the  ppc- 
ond  conturial  anniversarv  of  Ihe  Innftintj  nf  «he  Pile^iirns  -A  Plymnnlh, 
'which  WIS  celebrated  r\t  that  plieo.  Doc.  22.  1820.  "•The  Snlemn  Con- 
tract n{  the  Pilfrritns,  ia  Cape  Cod  Maroor — X-vrmbe'- «>^lpvriith.  .62i»  — 
anVthe  several  editions  of  it— 1776— 17liO— 1788  — iS20— may  it  uever 
become  obsolete  T'] 


36  Voyage  of  the  Plymouth  Pilgrims. 

earth  here  a  company  of  sandhills  ;  and  the  water  so  shal- 
low near  the  shore,  they  are  forced  to  wade  a  bow  shot  or 
two  to  get  to  land  ;  which  being  freezing  weather,  affccteth 
them  with  grievous  colds  and  coughs,  which  after  proves  the 
death  of  many,  and  renders  the  place  unlit  for  ^settlement. 

Xov.  15.  While  the  shallop  is  fitting,  Capt.  Standish, 
with  sixteen  men,  well  armed,  set  out  on  the  cape  to  search 
for  a  convenient  place  tosettle.  William  Bradford,  Stephen 
Hopkins  and  Edward  Tilly  are  of  the  number,  adjoined  to 
the  Captain  for  council.  When  they  had  marched  a  mile 
southward,  they  src  five  or  six  savages,  whom  they  follow 
ten  miles  till  night,  but  could  not  overtake  them,  and  lodge 
in  the  woods.  The  next  day  they  head  a  great  creek,  and 
travel  on  to  the  valley,  wherein  is  a  fine,  clear  pond  of  fresh 
water,  a  musket  shot  wide  and  two  long.  Then  they  come 
to  a  place  of  graves  ;  then  to  the  remainder  of  an  old  fort 
or  palisado,  which  they  conceive  has  been  made  by  chris- 
tians ;  and  then  into  a  harbor  opening  into  two  creeks,  with 
a  high  cliff  of  sand  at  the  entrance,  the  western  creek  being 
twice  as  large  as  the  eastern.  Near  which  they  meet  with 
heaps  of  sand,  dig  into  them,  find  several  baskets-full  of  In- 
dian corn,  and  taking  some,  for  which  they  purpose  to  give 
the  natives  full  satisfaction,  as  soon  as  they  could  meet  with 
any  of  them;  return  to  the  pond,  where  they  make  a  barri- 
cado  and  lodge  this  night,  being  very  rainy.  And  the  next 
day,  wading  in  some  places  up  to  the  knees,  get  back  to  the 
ship  to  the  great  joy  of  their  brethren. 

}{ov.  27.  The  shallop  being  fitted,  twenty-four  of  their 
men,  with  Mr.  Jones  and  nine  sailors,  thirty-four  in  all,  set 
forth  on  a  more  full  discovery  of  the  aforesaid  harbor.  But 
the  weather  growing  rough  and  the  winds  cross  they  are  soon 
obliged  to  row  for  the  nearest  shore,  and  then  wade  above 
their  knees  to  land.  It  blows,  snows  ar.d  freezes  all  this  day 
and  night;  and  here  some  received  the  seeds  of  those  fatal 
illnesses  that  quickly  seized  them.  The  next  day,  they  sail 
to  their  designed  port,  but  find  it  unfit  for  shipping,  land  be- 
tween the  two  creeks  ;  and  marching  four  or  five  miles  by 
the  greater,  are  tired  with  travelling  up  and  down  the  steep 
valleys,  covered  half  a  foot  with  snow,  and  lodge  under 
pine  trees.  The  next  morning,  return  to  the  other  creek, 
and  thence  to  the  place  of  their  former  digging,  where  they 
dig  again,  though  the  ground  be  frozen  a  foot  deep,  and  find 
more  corn  and  beans  ;  make  up  their  corn  to  ten  bushels, 
which  they  send,  with  Mr.  Jones  and  fifteen  of  their  sick 
and  weaker  people  to  the  ship  ;    eighteen  staying  and  lodg- 


Voyage  of  the  Plymouth  Pilgrims.  37 

ing  there  this  night.  Next  day,  they  dig  iti  several  such 
like  places,  but  lind  no  more  corn,  nor  any  thing  else  but 
graves;  discover  two  Indian  wigwams,  but  see  no  natives. 
And  the  shallop  returning,  they  get  aboard  at  night;  and 
the  next  day,  Dec.  1,  return  to  the  ship.  The  corn  they 
found  happily  serves  for  their  planting  on  the  spring  ensuing, 
or  they  would  have  been  in  great  danger  of  perishing.  For 
which  they  gave  the  owners  entire  content  about  six  months 
after.  Betbre  the  end  ol'  November,  Susannah,  wii'c  of  Wil- 
liam White,  was  delivered  of  a  son,  who  is  called  Peregrine, 
being  the  first  born  since  their  arrival,  and,  [as  Mr.  Prince 
conckidcs,]  the  first  of  European  extract  in  New-England.* 

Dec.  4.  Dies  Edward  Thompson,  servant  of  Mi;.  White, 
the  first  that  dies  since  their  arrival.  Dec.  6,  dies  Jasper  a 
boy  of  Mr.  Carver's.  Dec.  7,  Dorothy,  wife  to  Mr.  Wil- 
liam Bradford.     Dec.  8,  James  Chilton. 

Dec.  6.  They  send  out  their  shallop,  with  ten  of  their 
principal  men,  viz,  Mv.  Carver,  Bradford,  Winslow,  Capt. 
Standish,  &c.  with  eight  or  ten  seamen,  to  circulate  [circum- 
ambulate] the  bay,  and  find  a  better  place  ;  thcugh  the 
weather  is  very  cold  and  the  spray  of  the  sea  freezes  on 
them,  that  their  clothes  look  as  if  they  were  glazed,  and  feel 
like  coats  of  iron.  This  night  they  get  to  the  bottom  of  the 
bay,  see  ten  or  twelve  Indians  ashore,  busy  a  cutting  up  a 
grampus.  By  reason  of  the  flats,  they  land  with  great  dif- 
ficulty, make  a  barricade,  lodge  therein,  and  see  the  smoke 
of  the  Indian  fires  th?it  night,  about  four  or  five  miles  from 
them. 

Dec.  1.  This  morning  they  divide  their  company,  some 
travelling  on  shore,  eight  others  coasting  in  the  shallop  by 
great  flats  of  sand.  About  ten  o'clock,  the  shore  people 
find  a  great  Imrying  place.  Part  thereof  encompassed  with 
a  large  palisado,  full  of  graves,  some  paled  about,  others 
having  small  poles  turned  and  twisted  over  them.  Without 
the  palisado,  were  graves  also,  but  not  so  costly.  Then 
they  come  to  four  or  five  deserted  wigwams,  but  see  no 
people.  Towards  night,  they  hasten  out  of  the  woods  to 
meet  the  shallop,  and  making  a  signal  for  her  to  bear  into  a 
creek,  she  comes  in  at  high  water  to  their  mutual  joy,  hav- 
ing not  seen  each  other  since  morning  :  But  found  no  peo- 
ple nor  any  place  they  liked  :  And  at  night  make  another 
barricade,  and  lodge  therein. 

*riedied  at  Marshfield,  July  22,  1704,  in  Oie  84fh  year  of  his  age. 
The  first  born  in  Massachusetts  colony  was  Elizabeth  Patch,  who  died 
at  Salem,  Jan.  14,  1715,  aged  87.  The  first  in  Rhode-Island  colony  wa« 
Mary  Godfrey,  who  died  at  Newport,  April  14,  1715,  aged  77. 


38  Voyage  of  the  Plymouth  Pilgrims, 

Dec.  8.  At  5  this  morning,  they  rise,  and,  aftpr  prayer, 
the  clay  dawning  and  the  tide  high  enough  to  call  ihcni  ucwn 
to  the  shallop;  they  suddenly  hear  a  grot  and  stratige  ciy, 
one  of  their  comj>any  running  lowards  thrni  and  calHtig  out 
Indians!  Indians!  Ant!  therrwiih  arrows  corne  flymg  a- 
mong  them.  Upon  dischaiging  their  puces,  the  Indians 
soon  get  away,  tlie  English  following  a  quarltr  (jf  a  mile 
shouting,  return  to  their  snallop,  having  lelt  six,men  to  keep 
her,  and  not  one  of  the  companj'  wounded,  though  the  ar- 
rows flew  close  on  'every  side.  Upon  which  they  gave  God 
solemn  thanks ;  then  sail  along  thp  coast  about  fifteen 
leagues  ;  find  no  convenient  harbor, and  hasien  on  to  a  i  oit, 
which  Mr.  Coppin,  their  pilot,  assure  s  them  is  a  good  one, 
which,  he  had  been  in,  and  they  might  reach  before  night. 
But  after  some  hours  sailing,  it  begins  to  snow  and  lain. 
At  mid-afternoon,  the  wind  rising,  the  sea  c^rows  very  rough, 
thej'^  brake  t!if"*ir  ruddi  r,  [and]  it  is  as  mucl.-  as  two  men  can 
steer  her  with  a  cmpleof  oars.  And  the  storm  increasing, 
the  night  aj)proaching,  and  bearing;  what  sail  they  can  to 
get  in  ;  they  brake  their  mast  in  three  pieces,  their  sail  falls 
overboard  in  a  very  grown  sea,  and  they  are  like  to  founder 
suddenly  :  Yet  by  the  mercy  of  heaven,  they  recover  them- 
selves, antl  the  flood  bein?  with  them,  strike  into  the  imagin- 
ed harbour  :  But  the  pilot  being  deceived,  cries  out,  Lerd 
he  merciful!  my  eyes  never  saw  this  place  before!  He  and  the 
mate  would  have  run  her  "ashore  in  a  cove  full  of  breakers 
before  the  wind  ;  but  a  steersman  calling  to  the  rowers, 
about  with  her,  or  we  are  cast  away ;  they  get  her  about  imme- 
diately :  And  Providence  showing  a  fair  sound  before  them, 
though  it  be  very  dark  and  rains  hard.they  get  under  the  lee 
of  a  small  rise  of  land  ;  but  are  divided  about  going  ashore, 
lest  they  fall  into  the  midst  of  savages.  Some  therefore, 
keep  the  boat,  but  others  being  so  wet,  cold,  and  ffeble,  can- 
not bear  it,  but  venture  ashore,  with  great  difficulty  kindle 
afire;  and  after  midnight,  the  wind  shifting  to  the  N.  W. 
and  freezing  hard,  the  rest  ar>r  glad  to  get  to  them,  and  here 
stay  the  night. 

Dec.  9.  In  the  m.orning.  they  find  the  place  to  be  a  small 
island, secure  from  the  Indians.  And  th"s  btit\gthe  last  day 
of  the  week,  they  here  dry  their  sUiff,  fix  their  pieces,  rest 
themselves,  return  God  thanks  for  their  many  deliverances  ; 
and  here,  the  next  day  keep  the  Christian  Sabbath. 

Dec.  11,  Monday.  They  sound  the  harbor,  find  it  fit 
for  shipping,  march  into  the  land,  see  divers  eornfi'^lds,  and 
running  brooks,  with  a  place  they  judge  fit  for  habitation, 


Vcyazt  of  the  Plymouth  Pdgrhhs.  30 

and  return   to    thr  ship  uitli    the    discovery  to   their  great 
comfort. 

Dec.  15.  The  ship  sails  for  this  new  found  port,  comes 
within  two  leagui  s  of  it,  when  a  N.  \V.  wind  springs  up 
and  forees  herlDack  :  But  the  next  day  the  wind  comes  fair, 
and  she  arrives  into  the  desired  harbor.  Quickly  after  the 
wind  chops  about  ;  si  tha*  had  they  been  hindered  but  half 
an  hour,  they  would  have  been  foiced  back  to  the  Cape 
a^ain. 

Dec.  18,  Mondai/.  Th^y  land,  with  the  master  of  the 
ship  and  thrtc  ov  four  siilurs;  niarc!i  along  the  coast,  seven 
or -iglit  miles,  but  see  neither  wigwam,  Indian,  nor  naviga- 
ble nver.  but  only  four  or  five  brooks  of  sw<'et  fresh  water 
running  info  the  sra,  with  choice  ground  lormerly  possessed 
and  planted  ;  and  at  niglit  4-eturii  to  ihe  ship.  Next  day, 
they  go  a.:2;ain  to  discover  ;  some  on  land,  others  in  the  shaP 
Ion,  linci  a  creek  into  which  they  pass  three  miles  and  re- 
turn. 

Dec.  20.  This  morning,  after  calling  to  heaven  for  gui- 
dance, they  go  ashore  again  to  pitch,  on  some  place  for  im- 
modiatese'tlf-ment.  After  virwinaj  the  country,  they  con- 
clude to  settle  on  the  main,  on  a  high  ground,  facing  the  bay, 
where  corn  had  b.^n  [planted  three  or  four  years  before- 
a  sweet  brook  running  under  the  hill,  with  many  delicate 
springs.  On  a  gr'^at  hill  thpy  intpnd  to  lortify  ;  which  will 
command  all  round  whence  they  may  see  across  the  bay 
to  the  cape.  And  h^re  biing  in  number  twentj^,  they  ren- 
dezvous this  eveni.ig  ;  but  a  s'lOrm  rising,  it  blows  and  rains 
hard  all  night,  continues  so  temp^^fttuous  for  two  days,  that 
they  cannot  g  f  aboard,  and  have  nothing  to  shelter  them. 

Dec.  21.  Dies  Richard  Britttrige,  the  first  who  dies  in 
the  harbor. 

Dec.  23,  Saturday.  As  many  as  can,  go  ashore ;  cut 
and  carry  timber  for  a  common  building. 

Dec.  24,  Lord's  Day.  Our  people  ashore  are  alarmed 
with  thecry  of  savvgos;  expect  an  assault,  but  continue 
quiet.  And  this  day  dies  Solomon  Martin,  the  sixth  and 
last  who  dies  this  month. 

Dkc.  25,  Monday.  '  They  go  ashore  again,  felling  timber 
sawing,  riving,  carrying  ;  begin  to  erect  the  first  house, 
about  iwmty  feet  S'|uar( ,  for  their  common  u?e,  to  receive 
them  and  their  goods  :  and  leaving  tw(  nly  to  keep  a  court  of 
guard,  the  rest  return  aboaixl  at  evening.  But  in  the  night 
and  next  day,  another  sore  storm  of  windand  rain. 


40  Voyage  of  the  Plymouth  Pilgrims, 

Dec.  28,  Thursday.  They  go  to  work  on  the  hill,  re 
duce  themselves  to  nineteen  families,  measure  out  their  lots, 
and  draw  for  them.  Many  grow  ill  of  grievous  colds  from 
the  great  and  many  hardships  they  had  endured.  Dec.  29 
and  30,  very  cold  and  stormy  again  ;  and  they  see  great 
smokes  of  fires  made  by  the  Indians,  about  six  or  seven 
miles  off. 

D<'c.  31,  LnrcTs  Day.  Though  the  generality  remain  a- 
board  the  ship  almost  a  mile  and  a  half  off;  yet  this  seems 
to  be  the  first  day  that  any  keep  the  sabbath  in  the  place  of 
their  building.  At  this  time,  we  therefore  fix  the  era  of 
their  settlement  here,  to  which  they  give  the  name  of  Plym- 
outh, the  first  English  town  in  all  this  country,  in  a  grateful 
memory  of  their  christian  friends,  they  found  at  Plymouth 
in  England,  as  of  the  last  town  they  left  in  that  their  native 
land. — Prince'' s  Nne-England  Chronology, — pp.  70-80. 

Note.  The  landing  of  the  Fathers  at  Plymouth,  according  to  Old 
Style,  was  on  Dec.  11th,  but  the  anniversary  is  observed  on  the  22d 
annually.  The  fnce  of  the  rock  on  which  Ihey  landed  was,  in  the  year 
1775,  taken  from  its  original  bed,  and  placed  bj  the  side  of  a  "  liberty 
pole,"  which  at  that  time  was  erected  near  the  Court  House,  and  where 
the  rock  still  remains.  It  is  distinguished  by  the  name  of"  Fortjalher'^s 
Rock."  The  base  of  it  yet  continues,  in  open  view,  in  its  original  sita- 
ation,  at  the  head  of  the  longest  wharf  in  Plymouth,  built  on  the  pre- 
cise spot  which  uniform  tradition  assigns  as  its  scite.  There  is  a  tradi- 
tion as  to  the  person  who  fi»'st  leaped  upon  this  rock,  when  the  families 
came  onshore,  Dec.  11,  1620  :  it  is  said  to  have  been  a  young  woman, 
Mary  Chilton.        See  Coll.  Mass.  Hist.  Soc.  2d  series  vol.  III.  p.  174. 


-00- 


The  following  extracts  from  the  Plymouth  Colony  Records,  have 
been  recently  published : 

The  22dof  February  1672,  Mr.  John  Rowland,  sen.  of 
the  town  of  Plymouth  deceased.  He  was  a  Godly  man, 
and  an  ancient  Professor  in  the  ways  of  Christ.  He  lived 
till  he  had  attained  about  80  years  in  the  world.  He  was 
one  of  the  first  comers  in  this  land,  and  proved  a  useful  in- 
strument of  good  in  his  place,  was  the  last  man,  that  was 
left  of  those,  that  came  in  the  ship  called  the  May-Flower, 
that  lived  in  Plymouth.  Pie  was  with  honor  interred  at 
the  town  of  Plymouth  on  the  25th  February,  1672, 

Thomas  Prince,  Esq.  Governor  of  the  Jurisdiction  of 
New-Plymouth,  died  29th  March,  1673,   and  was  interred 


The  Charter  Oak,  41 

the  8th  April  followino;,  after  hee  had  served  God  in  the  of- 
fice of  Governor  16  yeares,  orneare  thereunto.  He  finish- 
ed his  course  in  the  73  yeare  of  his  life  ;  hec  was  a  worthy 
gentleman,  very  pious,  and  very  able  for  his  o(ficc,  and  faith- 
ful in  the  discharge  thereof,  studious  of  peace,  a  well-wisher 
to  all  that  feared  God,  and  a  terror  to  the  wicked,  his  death 
was  much  lamented,  and  his  body  honorably  buried  at  Ply- 
mouth the  day  and  year  above  mentioned. 


THE  CHARTER  OAK. 

At  a  late  celebration  of  the  landing  of  the  Pilgrims  at 
Plymouth,  the  following  toast  was  given  : 

"  The  Charier  Oak  of  Hartford — The  faithful  depository  of 
the  chartered  rights  of  Connecticut." 

The  following  notice  ol  this  ancient  oak,  and  the  incident 
which  gave  it  celebrity,  has  been  furnished  by  a  correspon- 
dent of  the  "  Old  Col'/ny  Memorial." 

The  Charter  Oak;  in  the  city  of  Hartford,  in  the  state  of 
Connecticut,  is  a  tree  standing  on  the  northern  declivity  of 
the  rising  ground  on  which  stands  the  ancient  mansion-house 
of^the  Wyllys  family.  In  1687,  Sir  Edmund  Andros,  the 
Governor  of  New-England,  demanded  the  surrender  of  the 
Charter  of  that  Colony — the  legislature  being  in  session,  a 
debate,  on  that  demand,  ensued,  and  was  prolonged  until 
evening,  when,  at  a  concerted  signal,  the  lights  were  at  once 
extinguished  without  noise  or  confusion,  and  the  Charter 
privately  seized  by  Capt.  Wadsworth,  a  member  from  Hart- 
ford, Avho  secreted  it  in  the  hollow  of  a  tree.  Capt.  W.  then 
hastened  back  to  his  seat,  and  when  the  candles  were  re- 
lighted, the  Charter  being  missing,  the  debate  ceased  :  at  a 
suitable  time  afterwards,  the  Charter  was  restored  to  the 
colonial  executive,  and  is  still  preserved  in  the  archives  of 
that  state. 

The  tree  now  measures  on  the  ground  thirty-six  feet  in 
circumference — the  hollow  in  its  trunk  formerly  visible  near 
the  ground,  is  now  closed,  "as  if  it  had  fulfilled  (as  remark- 
ed by  a  daughter  of  the  late  Secretary  Wyllys)  the  divine 
purpose  for  which  it  was  caused." 

Tradition  says  that  on  the  first  setdement  of  the  place, 
when  Mr.  Wyllys,  the  original  settler,  was  felling  the  trees 
6 


42  Hon.  John  Calfe. 

in  his  lot,  the  Indians,  who  were  hutted  in  the  interval  near 
him,  earnestly  begged  that  his  laborers  might  spare  that 
tree,  as  it  indicated  to  them  the  proper  season  for  planting 
their  corn* — and  at  their  request  the  tree  was  spared — to 
become  afterwards  the  faithful  depository  of  the  chartered 
rights  of  that  ancient  state. 

The  tree  appears  to  have  lost  its  upper  trunk,  as  it  is  not 
so  high  as  many  oaks  of  more  recent  growth — the  form  of 
the  tree  is,  however,  extremely  elegant,  and  its  foliage  re- 
markably rich  and  exuberant.  About  four  or  five  feet  from 
the  ground  an  enlargement  of  the  trunk  commences,  and 
gradually  increases  until  it  meets  the  surface,  which  causes 
its  enormous  size,  when  measured  on  the  ground. 


-ooo- 


BIOGRAPHICAL  NOTICE  OF  THE  HONORABLE 
JOHN  CALFE,  OF  HAMPSTEAD. 

In  the  time  of  the  remarkable  delusion  which  prevailed 
in  New-England  in  1692,  lived  Robert  Calef,  a  merchant  of 
Boston,  who  distinguished  himself  Ky  his  withstanding  the 
credulity  of  the  times.  After  the  Rev.  Dr.  Cotton  Mather 
had  published  a  work  entitled.  The  Wonders  of  the  Invisible 
Worlds  from  which  it  appears,  that  he  was  by  no  means  in- 
credulous with  regard  to  the  stories  then  in  circulation,  Mr. 
Calef  published  a  book  on  the  opposite  side,  entitled.  More 
Wonders  of  the  Invisible  World,  printed  at  London,  1700. 
As  he  censured  the  proceedings  of  the  courts  respecting  the 
witches,  at  a  time,  when  the  people  of  the  country,  in  gener- 
al, did  not  see  their  error,  he  gave  great  otfence.  But  he  is 
thought  to  be  faithful  in  his  narration  of  facts. — He  died  in 
1720. 

The  late  Hon.  John  Calfe  is  supposed  to  have  been  a  de- 
scendant oi  this  gentleman  and  probably  his  great  grandson. 
His  father  was  a  seafaring  man  in  the  early  part  of  his  life  ; 
and  through  various  disasters,  he  was  detained  seven  years 
from  home,  and  was  one  year  a  prisoner  in  France.  After 
his  return,  he  settled  in  Newbury,  where  the  subject  of  this 
notice  was  born  on  the  13th  of  June,  1741.  In  early  life,  he 
gave  remarkable  presages  of  intelligence  and  future  useful- 
ness. It  is  said,  that  at  the  age  of  two  years  and  a  half,  he 
could  distinguish  the  figures,  by  name,   which  are   used  in 

*The  Indian  rule  wag,  to  plant  their  corn  when  the  leaf  of  the  oak 
was  as  large  as  a  mouse's  ear. 


Hon.  John  Calfe.  43 

common  arithmetic.  lie  lived  some  years  under  the  tuilion 
of  his  father,  who  for  a  number  of  years,  sustained  the  char- 
acter of  a  faithful  instructor  of  children  and  youth.  After 
the  death  of  his  father,  at  about  the  age  of  fourteen,  ho 
went  and  resided  at  Kingston,  with  the  late  Colonel  Calfo. 

From  a  youth,  he  discovered  a  serious  and  pious  mind. 
When  he  was  twenty-one  years  of  age,  he  was  married  and 
moved  to  Hampstead.  The  next  year,  he  became  a  member 
of  the  church,  of  which,  about  the  year  17S3,  he  was  cho- 
sen a  deacon  by  a  unanimous  vote,  being  only  in  his  32d 
year.  From  the  beginning  of  his  connexion  with  this 
church,  to  the  close  of  his  life,  he  sustained  a  fair  and  un- 
blemished character,  which  envy  or  malice  would  scarce 
dare  to  impeach. 

The  confidence  reposed  in  him,  at  home  and  abroad,  as  a 
man  of  truth,  integrity  and  uprightness,  has  been  seldom 
equalled  in  our  state.  For  a  number  of  years,  he  was  em- 
ployed as  an  instructor  of  youth  in  the  principles  of  litera- 
ture and  morality.  He  commenced  this  employment  when 
lie  was  sixteen  years  of  age.  At  eighteen,  he  Avas  an  un- 
der officer  on  the  shores  of  Lake  Champlain,  in  defence  of 
his  country,  against  the  French  and  Indians.  At  the  age 
of  thirty,  he  received  a  commission  in  the  militia  of  this 
then  province ;  and  a  few  years  after,  he  had  a  higher  trust 
in  the  army  of  the  revolution. 

He  was  soon  after  sent  to  represent  this  and  two  other 
neighboring  towns  in  the  General  Assembly  of  this  State. 
While  a  member  of  this  body,  he  was  for  several  years  one 
of  the  five,  comprising  a  committee  of  safety,  with  discre- 
tionary power  to  transact  all  state  afliairs  during  the  recess 
of  the  General  Court,  in  the  late  revolutionary  war. 

For  the  space  of  twenty-nine  years,  he  sustained  the  com- 
mission of  a  justice  of  the  peace — thirteen  years  a  justice  of 
the  peace  and  of  the  quorum  throughout  the  state — twenty- 
five  years  a  justice  of  the  court  of  common  pleas  for  the 
county  of  Rockingham — and  twenty-five  years,  he  was  an- 
nually chosen  clerk  of  the  House  of  Representatives  of  the 
state  of  New-Hampshire.  He  was  also  Secretary  of  the 
state  convention  for  forming  the  constitution  of  the  state, 
and  of  the  convention  for  ratifying  the  federal  constitution. 
Once  he  was  chosen  treasurer  of  the  state;  but  the  incon- 
venience of  removing  to  the  place  where  the  office  was  re- 
quired to  be  kept,  induced  him  to  decline  that  important 
^rust.     He  had,  in  addition  to  the  various  offices  he  held,  a 


44  House  of  Stuart, 

large  share  of  public  and  private  business  committed  to  his 
faithful  hands. 

Judge  Calfe  was  a  man  naturally  mild  and  pleasant  in  his 
disposition.  He  had  a  remarkably  retentive  memory,  and 
a  very  judicious  and  candid  mind.  Being  void  of  guile 
himself,  he  was  not  suspicious  of  others.  Never  assuming, 
nor  haughty,  he  did  not  appear  with  so  much  iortitude  and 
resolution  as  some.  But  he  always  had  that  kind  of  forti- 
tude and  resolution  which  enabled  him  to  bear  the  ills  of 
life  with  patience,  and  to  resist  the  temptations  of  the  world. 
He  had  the  resolution  to  be  an  honest  and  upright  man  ;  to 
fear  God,  and  keep  his  commandments,  notwithstanding  the 
frowns  and  scoffs  of  infidelity. 

We  have  heard  it  remarked  of  Mr.  Calfe,  that  no  man 
ever  more  sacredly  regarded  the  will  of  the  people  than 
he.  In  all  his  public  transactions,  his  conduct  was  regula- 
ted, not  by  the  views  of  party  men,  but  by  what  he  conceiv- 
ed to  be  the  wish  of  the  whole  people.  The  public  good 
was  his  constant  aim;  and  so  acceptable  and  useful  were 
his  services,  that  men  of  ail  parties  united  in  honoring  him — 
men  of  all  political  distinctions  regretted  his  departure. 

Judge  Calfe  died  at  Hampstead,  October  30,  1808,  in  the 
68th  year  of  his  age.  On  the  meeting  of  the  Legislature, 
the  next  month,  the  following  vote  passed — "Whereas  it  has 
pleased  God,  in  his  wise  providence,  to  remove  by  death  the 
Honorable  John  Calfe,  Esquire,  who,  during  our  revolution- 
ary war,  rendered  important  services  to  our  common  coun- 
try, and  for  more  than  twenty-five  years,  successively,  has 
faithfully  served  this  state  as  Clerk  of  the  House  of  Repre- 
sentatives, therefore,  voted,  that  in  testimon}^  of  our  respect 
to  the  memory  of  the  Hon.  John  Calfe,  the  members  of  this 
House  wear  crape  on  the  left  arm,  during  the  present  ses- 
sion." 


Fatality  attending  the  House  of  Stuart. — The  year  88  has 
for  several  centuries  been  latal  to  the  royal  House  of  Stuart. 
James  III.  on  June  11th,  1488,  lost  a  battle  to  his  subjects,  by 
whom  he  was  pursued  and  assassinated.  Mary,  Queen  of 
Scots,  was  beheaded  on  the  8th  of  Feb.  1588.  James  II. 
of  England,  abdicated  the  throne  of  Great-Britain,  on  the 
12th  Dec.  1688;  and  in  the  year  1788,  the  hsi  legitimait 
male  of  the  Stuart  family  expired. 


(     45     ) 

iHmcttcau  SlntiqiKtiee* 

fOa    THE    MONTHLY    LITERARY    JOURNAL. 


INDIAN  MOUND  IN  OSSIPEE. 

In  the  town  of  Ossipee  in  this  stale,  exists  a  considerable 
curiosity.  It  is  situated  on  the  farm  of  Daniel  Smith,  Esq. 
which  lies  on  the  western  shore  of  Ossipee  lake,  nearly 
against  its  centre  from  north  to  south.  The  country  around 
is  an  extended  pitch-pine  plain,  which  is  intersected  by  a 
number  of  rivers,  that  find  their  first  outlet  in  the  lake  be- 
fore mentioned.  This  lake,  which  is  of  an  oval  form,  cov- 
ering 7000  acres,  and  said  to  be  without  an  island,the  waters 
of  which  arc  very  transparent,  washes  the  eastern  margin 
of  the  meadow  or  interval,  on  which  the  curiosity  about  to 
be  described,  is  situated.  This  meadow  appears  to  have 
been  formed  by  what  is  now  called  Lovewell's  river,  which 
passes  through  it  rather  on  its  northern  side.  The  water  of 
this  river  is  peculiarly  pellucid,  which,  together  with  its  me- 
anderings  through  a  fine  verdant  meadow,  renders  it  uncom- 
monly beautiful.  The  whole  meadow  seems  to  have  been 
taken  from  the  ancient  dominion  of  the  lake,  by  the  alluvi- 
on of  the  river. 

On  this  meadow,  about  eighty  rods  from  the  plain,  an 
equal  distance  from  the  river  and  southward  of  it,  and  more 
than  100  rods  from  the  western  shore  of  the  lake,  stands  a 
mound  of  earth  45  or  50  feet  in  diameter,  of  alorm  perfect- 
ly circular  and  about  10  feet  high.  From  this  mound  the 
timber  has  been  removed  within  the  last  four  or  five  years. 
The  largest  stumps  standing  upon  it,  are  a  foot  in  diameter. 
The  soil  composing  this  mound  is  exactly  that  of  the  plain, 
not  that  of  the  meadow.  No  person  has  yet  made  exten- 
sive excavations  into  this  mound:  either  owing  to  want  of 
leisure,  enterprise  or  curiosity.  Yet  there  have  been  taken 
from  it  by  only  digging  from  the  top,  three  entire  skeletons, 
one  of  which  was  full  grown,  and  when  found,  in  a  sitting 
posture,  with  a  piece  of  birch  bark  over  its  head.  Two  toma- 
hawks and  many  pieces  of  coarse  earthern  ware,  have  been 
found  on  the  surrounding  meadow  ;  and  on  the  northern 
side  of  the  river  when  the  land  was  first  cleared,  the  hills 
where  corn  grew,  were  distinctly  discernible.  From  these 
facts  the  inference  is  irresistible,  that  this  was  the  residence 


46  American  Antiquities, 

of  a  once  formidable  tribe  of  the  aborigines  of  this  countr}!- ; 
at  least  during  the  hunting  and  fishing  season  :  probably 
the  Penobscot  tribe*  ;  and  while  residing  here,  the  mound 
was  gradually  raised  over  their  dead.  The  same  passion 
which  first  led  to  the  raising  a  mound  to  mark  the  place 
where  the  dead  were  deposited,  might,  as  man  advanced  in 
improvement,  lead  to  the  erection  of  a  pyramid  and  thence 
to  a  mausoleum. 

Nor  is  this  the  only  curiosity  which  this  meadow  contains. 
About  half  way  between  the  mound   and  the  western  shore 
of  the  lake,  are  the  remains  of  the    fort  built  by  the  brave 
Capt.  Lovewell  just  before  he  fell  in  the  celebrated  battle 
near  Lovewell's  pond  in    Fryeburg.     At  this  fort,  he  left  his 
physician  and  eight  men,  together  with  the  principal  part  of 
Jiis  provisions.     A  coward,  at  the  first  fire   which  Lovewell 
and  his  other  brave  companions  received,  fled  from  the  bat- 
tle-ground, and   informed   those  left   at  the   fort,  that   the 
whole  party  were  destroyed.    Had  this  man  behaved  as  he 
ought  to  have  done,  in  all  probability  more  of  the   wounded 
of  that  brave  company  would  have  been  saved.     This  fort, 
which  was   built  almost   a  century  ago,    appears  to  have 
been  only  palisaded,  or  a  stockade  fort.     Its  eastern    face 
fronted  the  lake,  and  was  situated   on  the  top   of  a  small 
bank,  which  ran  along  from  the  river  before  mentioned   to 
the  southward.     At  the  north  and  south   ends   of  the  fort, 
considerable    excavations  of  earth   were  made  resembling 
cellars  in  size  and  appearance.     The   ditch,  in   which  the 
palisades    were  set,  can  be  traced  round   the  whole  tract 
which  the  fort  contained,  which  appears  to  have  been  about 
an  acre.     The  excavation   at  the  north  end  of  the  lort  is 
much  the  largest.     This  almost  reaches  the  river ;  and  here 
the  water  for  its  supply  was  probably   obtained.     It   is  dif- 
ficult to  determine  the  exact  size  of  the  fort,  as  its  site  is  now 
(1822,)  covered  principally  with  trees  and   bushes.     The 
owner  is  now  clearing  them  aw^ay  for  the  purpose   of  tilling 
the  ground  where  the  fort  stood.     It  was  therefore  thought 
proper  to  give  this    sketch,  while    something    remained    to 
point  out  the  exact  spot,  where  the  brave  Lovewell  and  his 
followers  thought  fit  to  provide  a  refuge  in  case  of  disaster. 
Time  will  soon  throw  its  mantle  of  eternal  oblivion  over  this 
and  every  other  monument  of  that  brave,  hardy,  enterpris- 
ing, but  unfortunate  adventurer.  B. 

[*  We  are  inclined  to  believe  it  was  the  Ossipee  tribe,  which,  with  the 
Newichawannocks,  was  estimated  to  contain  1000  souls  about  the  time 
of  fhe  settlement  of  T>oyer.--Editors.^^ 


American  Antiquities.  47 

INDIAN  ANTIQUITIES  IN  OHIO, 

The  editor  of  the  Ohio  Monitor,  published  at  Columhus, 
has  recently  devoted  his  attention  to  the  antiquities  of  that 
section  of  the  country,  and  furnishes  some  interesting  and 
valuable  descriptions. 

Formerly,  near  the  south  line  of  Columbus,  there  stood  a 
mound  of  earth,  in  structure  an  obtuse  cone,  having  a  base 
of  about  70  feet  diameter.  Its  base  was  on  ground  gradu- 
ally elevated  about  70  feet  above  the  adjacent  plain  ;  dis- 
tant from  the  Scioto  River,  at  the  west,  more  than  a  hundred 
rods.  The  height  of  the  mound  was  about  16  feet,  covered 
with  trees  of  the  size  and  kind  of  the  surrounding  forest, 
when  the  hand  of  man  transmuted  this  monument  of  super- 
stitious grandeur  to  practical  uiility.  The  main  street  of  the 
town  was  laid  directly  over  it,  on  account  of  which,  it  was 
demolished,  and  the  massive  heap,  consisting  mostly  of  clay, 
was  burned  into  brick ;  by  which  the  walls  of  our  Legisla- 
tive Hall  and  State  offices  were  erected  of  earth  much  mix- 
ed with  calcined,  human  bones.  For,  on  levelling  this 
mound,  the  pile  was  found  to  consist  in  large  portions,  of 
decayed  human  bodies,  mingled  with  their  fellow  earth.  Un- 
numbered skeletons,  less  decayed,  were  thrown  to  the  winds 
with  as  much  carelessness  as  the  surrounding  dust.  Several 
other  things,  the  product  of  labor  and  art  were  discovered 
in  this  ingens  biislum^  which  were  dissipated  with  tasteless  in- 
difference. This  was  done  10  and  12  years  ago,  when  the 
building  of  the  town  v/as  progressiag. 

The  mound  was  not  quite  razed  to  its  foundation.  Hav- 
ing occasion  to  remove  more  of  it  at  this  time,  we  daily 
make  many  remarkable  discoveries,  by  ocular  inspection. 
The  workmen  have,  in  many  places,  excavated  six  or  seven 
teet  below  the  base  of  the  mound,  whose  difference  they 
can  easily  discover  by  the  quality  of  earth.  Bones  are  de- 
posited at  the  depths  of  4  and  5  feet,  at  small  distances  from 
each  other.  Within  six  or  seven  sf^uare  rods  superficies, 
proVjably  as  many  as  two  large  cart  loads  have  been  exhu- 
mated. Some  of  the  skeletons  lay  entire,  others  scattered 
and  confused.  In  general  their  size  and  shape  do  not  diffler 
from  modern  skeletons  of  the  common  varieties  of  age. 
One  skull,  being  considerably  decayed,  is  remarkable  for 
its  thickness,  being  five  eighths  of  an  inch  thick.  The  upper 
jaw  contains  the  whole  of  the  teeth,  which  are  all  double, 
and  larger  than  usual.  There  is  also  one  tooth  within  all 
the  rest,  of  regular  shape  and  growing  downwards,  in  the 


48  American  Aniiquitits, 

direction  of  the  others.  But  the  most  singular  discovery 
was  two  small  pits  of  4  feet  depth,  situated  a  few  feet  cast  of 
the  site  of  the  mound.  One  we  examined  minutely.  Its 
bottom  was  covered  with  coals,  ashes  and  bores,  apparent- 
ly the  bones  of  mfants  nearly  consumed  by  fire.  These 
were  overlaid  by  a  stratum  of  clay  and  loam-,  the  natural 
soil.  This  earthen  urn  was  easily  distinguishable  amidst  the 
ruins  of  its  form,  made  by  the  lapse  of  time,  by  the  earth 
which  covered  it  differing  from  the  hard,  solid  gravel  that 
surrounded  it.     The  pit  was  four  feet  diameter. 

Some  small  white  stones  are  found  on  the  skulls  of  some 
of  the  skeletons,  wrought  into  wide,  thin  beads,  as  hand- 
somely polished  as  by  any  modern  lapidary.  In  the  same 
situation  were  found  pieces  of  brass  and  copper,  irregularly 
shaped  into  thick  beads.  They  are  as  large  as  a  hickory 
nut,  their  form  cylindrical,  with  a  tube  as  large  as  a  pipe 
stem. 

But  few  of  these  curiosities  have  been  preserved  at  all. 
Some  of  them  are  in  the  possession  of  those,  who  will  not 
readilj'  part  with  them. 

In  the  county  of  Belmont,  Ohio,  about  half  a  mile  from 
the  river  Ohio,  one  of  the  ancient  mounds  has  recently  been 
opened  and  penetrated.  It  Avas  40  feet  diameter  at  the  base, 
16  feet  high,  and  flat  at  the  lop,  bearing  upon  it  large  trees, 
with  marks  of  a  succession  of  growths  which  had  decayed. 
The  fifth  stratum  in  this  mound  consisted  of  several  layers 
of  human  bones,  laid  transversely,  in  a  great  mass  of  de- 
cajing  matter  five  or  six  inches  thick.  These  bones,  when 
exposed  to  the  air  would  moulder  away  [although  they  seem- 
ed solid  when  taken  up,]  the  toe  and  finger  nails  were  near- 
ly entire  ;  the  hair,  long,  fine,  and  of  a  dark  brown  color, 
and  by  letting  the  dirt  dry,  and  brushing  it  off",  it  would  bear 
to  be  combed  and  straitened  out.  Under  the  bones  were 
flint-stone  spear  heads,  suitable  to  be  inserted  into  the  end 
of  a  long  pole,  and  some  pieces  of  iron  two  or  three  feet 
long,  a  kind  of  cut-and-thrust-sword  in  their  make,  their 
handles  were  ornamented  with  rings  or  ferules  of  silver  and 
lead,  on  which  were  the  representations  of  terrapins  and 
birds;  and  had  also  various  triangular,  rectangular,  circu- 
lar and  elliptical  figures,  made  with  great  mathematical  ex- 
actness. 

Curiosities — Natural  or./?r/?'^art/.— The  last  number  of  the 
valuable  Journal  conducted  by  Professor  Silliman  contains  a 
description  of  a  rock  found  at  St,  Louis,   on  the    western 


American  Antiquities.  49 

shore  of  (he  Mississippi,  in  which  arc  distinct  impressions  of 
two  human  feet.  They  are  said  so  exactly  to  resemble  na- 
ture, as  to  render  it  questionable  with  persons  who  have  seen 
them,  whether  they  were  formed  by  some  man  standing  on 
the  spot  wliile  the  rock  was  very  soft,  or  were  the  work  of 
art.  However,  tiic  rock  is  stated  to  be  calcareous,  and  so 
very  hard,  that  it  has  been  but  little  worn  by  the  sand  and 
gravel  washed  over  it  during  the  periodical  floods.  The 
National  Intelligencer  mentions  a  rock  in  the  District  of  Co- 
lumbia, and  the  Compiler  one  in  the  vicinity  of  Richmond, 
on  both  of  which  something  resembling  the  impression  of  the 
human  foot,  on  soft  earth,  can  be  most  dislinctly  traced. 

/Vl)out  150  yards  from  the  foot  of  Pocahontas  Bridge  (says 
the  Petersburgh  bitelligcncer)on  the  north  side  of  Appomat- 
tox river,  is  to  be  seen  a  rock,  in  which  appears  a  regularly 
formed  basin,  about  8  inches  diameter  by  6  inches  deep. 
The  spot  in  which  this  curiosity  is  embedded,  is  said,  tradi- 
tionally, to  have  belonged  to  the  Indian  Princess  Pocahontas^ 
and  accordingly  to  this  day  the  rock  bears  the  name  of  her 
Wash-Basin.  Our  decided  impression,  upon  inspecting  it,  is, 
that  it  is  the  work  of  some  rude  sculptor  among  the  aborig- 
inal inhabitants  of  this  territory  ;  and,  if  our  conjecture  is 
not  erroneous,  this  rock  is  certainly  one  of  the  most  interest- 
ing specimens  which  time  has  spared  of  the  skill  and  inge- 
nuity of  the  once  powerful  and  savage  tribes  of  Virginia. 

On  the  celebrated  Table  Rock,  in  Pendleton  district,  S,  C. 
is  a  curiosity  which  has  recently  excited  some  notice  among 
visitors.  On  the  highest  part  of  that  rock  there  are  innu- 
merable impressions  of  horses'  hoofs,  promiscuously  scatter- 
ed over  Its  surface,  having  every  appearance  of  having  been 
done  by  the  stamping  of  horses,  Avorried  by  flies,  when  the 
rock  was  in  a  soft  state.  It  is  not  to  be  supposed  that  an  ar- 
tist so  excellent  at  his  profession  as  he  must  have  been  to 
imitate  nature  so  admirably,  would  have  given  himself  a  six 
months'  job  in  cutting  these  marks  to  excite  the  wonder  of 
visitors. — Similar  marks  were  visible  on  another  rock  in  ari 
adjacent  mountain. 


Paper  Money. — The  first  paper  money  issued  in  the  colo- 
nies was  in  1690,  when,  having  no  money  to  pay  their  troops, 
the  government  of  Massachusetts  issued  bills  of  credit,  to 
prevent  a  mutiny. 


50  Indian  Orlhography. 

From  the  J^ew-Hampshire  Republican,  published  at  Dover, 

INDIAN    ORTHOGRAPHY. 

We  have  been  favored  by  a  gentleman  of  this  town,  who 
has  paid  considerable  attention  to  the  subject,  with  the  In- 
dian names  of  those  streams  which  make  up  the  Pascataqua 
river. 

The  Indian  antiquities  are  rapidly  disappearing ;  and  it 
seems  to  be  the  peculiar  duty  of  American  scholars  to  pre- 
serve what  remains  of  them. 

Whilst  the  learned  of  Europe  are  seeking  with  avidity 
every  species  of  information  respecting  the  manners,  insti- 
tutions and  languages  of  the  Aboriginals  of  America,  the 
indifference  which  prevails  on  these  interesting  subjects,  a- 
mongst  our  own  scholars  is  equally  surprising  and  disgrace- 
ful. 

Our  correspondent  is  of  opinion  that  the  true  orthography 
of  our  river  is  Paskataqiiagh  (the  Indians  pronouncing  the 
last  syllable  with  a  forcible  expression  of  the  breath) ;  its 
proper  limits  are  from  the  ocean  to  Dover,  or  Hilton's  point, 
whei'e  it  divides  into  several  branches  ; — the  eastern  branch 
as  far  as  the  north-east  corner  of  Dover  (Pinkham's  land- 
ing) was  called  by  the  natives  Winnakahannet ;  thence  to 
Waldron's  falls,  and  perhaps  farther,  Quocheecho,  vulgarly 
Cochcco;  at  the  north-west  corner  of  Dover,  at  Blind- 
Will's  neck,  (so  called  because  a  blind  Indian  was  there  kil- 
led by  the  natives  on  account  of  his  friendship  to  the  English) 
this  branch  is  again  divided ;  one  half  of  it  is  traced  to  Bow- 
pond  in  Barrington,  and  has  lost  its  ancient  name  in  that 
of  Ising-glass  river ;  the  other  passes  on  through  Rochester, 
to  which  place  it  is  called  Squamanagonick,  and  afterwards  is 
named  from  the  towns  through  which  it  passes  and  is  finally 
lost  in  New-Durham. 

The  other  half  of  the  eastern  branch,  (which  may  be 
followed  through  Berwick  and  up  to  the  ponds  in  Wakefield) 
from  Pinkham's  landing  to  the  Great  Falls  is  called  Jiewich- 
wanncck  ;  the  Indian  name  is  then  lost  in  the  English  one  of 
Salmon  Falls. 

The  western  branch  passes  through  Pascataqua  Bridge 
and  receives  in  little  bay  the  Oyster  river,  which  has  lost  its 
old  name ;  then  the  Lamprey  river,  of  which  the  Indian 
name  is  Piskasseit ;  thence  the  main  branch  is  called  the 
Squamscott,  into  which  a  stream  flows  through  Stratham 
whose  name  is  Winnicutt;  and  beyond  Exeter,  the  river  is 
subdivided  into  many  lesser  streams,  whose  names  are  not 
known. 


( 51 ) 

THE  FIRST  SETTLEMENT  OF  NEW-IIAMPSIIIRE. 

It  has  often  been  remarked  of  our  country,  that  the  origin 
and  progress  of  its  first  settlements,  can  be  more  easily  tra- 
ced liian  in  most  others.  Thus  we  have  the  precise  date  of 
the  first  landing  of  the  pilgrims ;  and  in  most  instances  the 
year  of  the  settlement  of  each  state,  with  accounts  of  their 
enterprising  and  hardy  adventurers.  But  though  wo  have 
this  decided  advantage  over  the  history  of  other  nations, 
there  is  a  great  variety  of  facts  j'^et  wanting  to  give  com- 
pleteness to  our  history.  The  merits  of  many  a  worthy  and 
useful  man,  who  may  have  been  an  instrument  of  great  good 
to  his  country — have  probably  never  yet  been  display- 
ed to  the  v/orld ;  and  though  we  have  a  long  catalogue  of 
acknowledged  worthies — it  were  much  increased,  could 
TRUTH  throw  its  discriminating  light  upon  all  the  transactions 
of  the  past.  Every  effort,  either  of  societies  or  individuals, 
to  collect  and  preserve  the  memorials  of  past  time,  must 
therefore  be  accounted  praise-worthy — and  we  would  by  ev- 
ery mean  encourage  the  spirit  of  inquiry  which  seems  to  be 
awakening  among  the  people. 

We  have  heretofore  adverted  to  the  benefits  which  would 
be  likely  to  result  from  the  formation  of  a  Society,  for  the 
express  purpose  of  collecting  and  preserving  the  curiosities 
and  antiquities  that  remain  in  this  section  of  our  country. 
Associations  of  individuals  can  do  more  than  those  who 
have  no  common  centre  to  which  to  direct  their  labors. 
Thus  the  exertions  of  the  Historical  Society  of  Massachu- 
setts have  been  eminently  successful  and  useful ;  and  other 
associations  for  similar  purposes  have  been  successively 
formed  in  New- York,  Rhode-Island  and  Maine.  It  may  be 
objected,  that  we  have  comparatively  little  worthy  of  such 
an  array  of  exertions — that  we  arc  poor  in  antiquities — that 
our  history  is  already  well  written.  It  is  true,  we  have  an 
invaluable  history  ;  but  it  is  no  less  true,  that  there  is  a  great 
portion  of  our  history  and  curiosities,  which  yet  remains  to 
be  investigated.  Of  the  numerous  tribes  of  savages,  once 
spread  over  our  territory,  we  have  frail  and  generally  unsat- 


62  Settlement  of  New-Hampshire. 

isfactory  accounts.  But  were  exertions  continued  and  ex- 
tended, there  is  little  doubt,  we  might  find  in  the  traditions 
now  existing,  much  to  aid  us  in  forming  an  estimate  of  their 
character  and  pursuits.  Of  the  lives  and  public  services  of 
many  distinguished  men,  we  can  find  no  record.  One  after 
another  of  the  veterans  of  our  revolution,  drops  trom  the 
stage — and  we  are  losing  certainly  their  aid  in  accomplish- 
ing the  great  work  of  a  minute  public  and  individual  history. 

As  a  favorable  time  for  the  formation  of  a  Historical  So- 
ciety, in  this  state,  we  would  suggest  the  approaching  anni- 
versary— the  completion  of  two  centuries  since  the  firsc  set- 
tlement of  the  state.  This  period  should  be  celebrated; 
and  we  cannot  but  hope  that  measures  will  be  immediately 
taken  to  that  effect.  The  precise  date  of  the  settlement  of 
New-Hampshire  cannot  probably  be  ascertained.  But  this 
ought  to  furnish  no  argument  against  its  being  celebrated. 
We  have  the  year,  and  the  season  of  the  year,  and  that  is 
sufficient  for  the  purpose.  We  have,  in  this  respect,  the  ad- 
vantage of  the  Germans,  in  fixing  upon  the  time  of  the 
fourth  centurial  anniversary  of  the  invention  of  the  Art  of 
Printing.  They  have  ascertained  that  this  event,  so  impor- 
tant to  the  world,  took  place  between  the  years  1 420  and 
1425,  and  have  fixed  upon  the  present  year  for  a  grand  cele- 
bration. 

The  earliest  account  of  the  settlement  of  New-Hampshire, 
is  found  in  "  Good  Jsfewes  from  New-England^''''  written  by 
Edward  Winslow,  one  of  the  Plymouth  Pilgrims,  and  printed 
in  London,  in  1624.  Under  the  date  of  September,  162a, 
he  says : 

"  At  the  same  time,  Capt.  Standish,  being  formerly  em- 
ployed by  the  Governour,  to  buy  provisions  for  the  refresh- 
ing of  the  [Plymouth]  Colony,  returned  with  the  same,  ac- 
companied with  one  Mr.  David  Tomson,  a  Scotchman,  who 
also  that  spring;  began  a  plantation  twenty-five  leagues  north- 
east from  us,  near  Smith's  Isles,  at  a  place  called  Pascato- 
quack,  where  he  likethwell." 

The  correctness  of  this  date  is  confirmed  by  the  Rev. 
William  Hubbard,  in  his  general  History  of  New-England, 
from  the  discovery  to  1680,  who  says — "  In  the  year    1623, 


SeHlemcjit  of  Neio-Hajnpshire.  53 

some  merchants  about  Plymouth  and  the  west  of  England, 
sent  over  Mr.  David  Tomsun,  a  Scotchman,  to  begin  a  plan- 
tation about  Pascataqua/' 

Both  these  extracts  refer  to  the  settlement  madeatLilUe 
Harbor.  In  the  xxxi.  chapter  of  his  History,  Mr.  Hub- 
bard gives  a  more  particular  account  of  the  first  planting  of 
New-Hampshire,  as  follows : 

"  Some  merchants  and  other  gentlemen  in  the  west  of 
England,  belonging  to  the  cities  of  Exeter,  Bristol,  Shrews- 
bury, and  the  towns  of  Plymouth,  Dorchester,  &c.  incited 
no  doubt  by  the  fame  of  the  plantation  begun  at  New  Plym- 
outh in  the  year  1620,  having  obtained  patents  lor  seveja} 
parts  of  the  country  of  New-England,  from  the  grand  coun- 
cil established  at  Plymouth,  (into  whose  hands  that  whole 
country  was  committed)  made  some  attempts  of  beginning 
a  plantation  in  some  place  about  Pascataqua  river,  about  the 
year  1623.  For  being  encouraged  by  the  report  of  divers 
mariners  that  came  to  make  fishing  voyages  upon  that  coast, 
as  well  as  by  the  aforenmntioncd  occasion,  they  sent  over 
that  year,  one  Mr.  David  Thompson,  with  Mr.  Edvvard  Hil- 
ton,and  his  brother  Mr. William  Hilton, who  had  been  fishmon- 
gers in  London,with  some  others  that  came  along  with  them, 
furnished  with  necessaries  for  carrying  on  a  plantation  there. 
Possibly  others  might  be  sent  after  them,  in  the  years  fol- 
lowing, 1624  and  1625;  some  of  whom  first  in  probability, 
seized  on  a  place  called  the  Little  Harbor,  on  the  west  side 
of  Pascataqua  river,  toward  or  at  the  mouth  thereof;  the 
Hiltons  in  the  mean  while  setting  up  their  stages  higher  up 
the  river,  toward  the  north  west,  at,  or  about  a  place  since 
called  Dover.  But  at  that  placo  called  the  Little  Harbor, 
it  is  supposed  was  the  first  house  set  up,  that  ever  was  built 
in  those  parts  ;  the  chimney,  and  some  part  of  the  stone  wall, 
is  standing  at  this  day,  [Hubbard  wrote  about  1680]  and 
certainly  was  it,  which  was  called  then,  or  soon  after  I\Iason 
Hall,  because  to  it  was  annexed  three  or  four  thousand  acres 
of  land,  with  intention  to  erect  a  manor,  or  lordship  there, 
according  to  the  custom  of  England  ;  for  by  consent  of  the 
rest  of  the  undertakers,  in  some  after  division  that  parcel  of 
land  fell  to  his  share  ;  audit  is  mentioned  as  his  propriety, 
in  his  last  will  and  testament,  by  the  name  of  Mason  liall." 

Vol.  /./).  214,  215. 
"Capt.  John  Mason,  who  had  been  governor  of  Newfound- 
land, Sir  F.  Gorges,  and  several  other  gentlemen  of  Shrews- 
bury, Bristol,  Dorchester,  Plymouth,  Exeter  and  other  pla- 


54  Setllenient  of  New-Hampshire. 

ces  in  the  west  of  England,  having  obtained  patents  of  the 
New-England  Council  for  several  parts  of  this  country,  they, 
this  spring,  send  over  Mr.  David  Thompson,  or  Tompson,  a 
Scotchman,  with  Mr.  Edward  Hilton  and  his  brother  Wil- 
liam Hilton  with  others  to  begin  a  settlement  :  and  Mr. 
Thompson  now  begins  one,  25  leagues  north  east  from 
Plymouth,  near  Smith's  Isles,  at  a  place  called  Pascato- 
(juack.  The  place  first  seized  is  called  Little  Harbor,  on 
the  west  side  of  Pascataqua  river  and  near  the  mouth, 
where  the  first  house  is  built,  called  Mason  Hall.  But  the 
Hiltons  set  uj)  l  heir  stages  higher  up  the  river  at  Cocheco, 
since  named  Dover.  There  seem  not  many  other  buildings 
erected  about  Pascataqua  till  after  1631." — Prince's  JV.  E. 
Chronol.p.  133. 

"  1624.  This  spring,  within  a  year  after  Mr.  David  Thomp- 
son had  began  a  plantation  at  Pascataqua,  he  removes  to  the 
Massachusetts  Bay,  and  possesses  a  very  fruitful  island  and 
very  desirable  neck  of  land,  which  is  after  confirmed  to  him 
by  the  General  Court  of  the  Massachusetts  Colony." — Ib.p* 
144. 

"  1629.  This  year,  the  inhabitants  on  Pascataqua  river 
enter  into  a  combination  for  the  erecting  a  government  among 
themselves — so  says  the  Msl.  (says  Prince)  but  being  uncer- 
tain from  what  authority  ;  I  therefore  rather  adhere  to  their 
combination  in  1640."— 76.  p.  196.  , 

"In  the  year  1631,  when  Edward  Colcot  came  thither,  [the 
plantation  about  Pascataqua]  (who  was  afterwards  for  want 
of  a  better,  for  some  years  together  chosen  governor  of  the 
plantations  about  Dover)  there  were  but  three  houses  (as  he 
affirmed)  in  all  that  side  of  the  country  adjoining  unto  Pas- 
cataqua river,  nor  is  it  said  that  any  were  built  hy  Capt. 
Neal ;  but  after  his  return  home  for  England,  Sir  Ferdinando 
Gorges,  Capt.  Mason  and  the  rest  of  the  adventurers,  sent 
over  other  agents  and  supplies,  for  carrying  on  their  designs. 
One  Mr.  Williams  was  sent  over  about  that  time,  to  take 
care  of  the  salt  vv^orks,  that  were  then  begun  ;  and  other  ar- 
tificers, the  chiefest  of  whom  was  one  Chadbourne,  that 
built  the  great  house  (as  it  used  to  be  called)  at  Strawberry 
Bank,  with  several  others  both  planters  and  traders." — Hub- 
hard,  p.  219. 

Edward  Hilton  may  be  considered  the  father  of  the  set- 
tlement of  New-Hampshire.  He  was  a  man  of  enterprize 
and  influence — and  possessed  the  friendship  of  Governor 


Sclthmenl  of  J^nv-IIampshirc.  55 

Winthropof  Massachusetts  and  was  his  confidential  corres- 
pondent. Before  the  year  1G52,  it  appears  he  was  an  in- 
habitant of  Exeter,  in  which  place,  he  had  a  grant  of  a  Iprge 
tract  of  land.  He  died  in  that  place  in  the  beginning  of  the 
year  1671,  at  a  considerably  advanced  age. 

Though  the  settlement  at  Portsmouth  was  abandoned  by 
Thompson,  it  appears  not  to  have  been  broken  up.  The  re- 
moval of  Thompson  is  thus  mentioned  by  Mr.  Hubbard  : 

"Put  of  dislike,  either  of  the  place  [Pascataqua]  or  his  em- 
ployers, he  removed  down  into  the  Massachusetts  Bay  with- 
in a  year  after  [he  begun  the  plantation.]  There  he  posses- 
^sed  himself  of  a  fruitful  island,*  and  a  very  desirable  neck 
of  land,  since  confirmed  to  him  or  to  his  heirs  by  the  Court 
of  the  Massachusetts,  upon  his  surrender  of  all  his  other 
interest  in  New-England,  to  which  he  could  pretend  to  no 
other  title,  than  a  promise  or  a  gift  to  be  conferred  on  him, 
in  a  letter  by  Sir  Ferdinando  Gorges,  or  some  other  member 
of  the  Comicil  of  Plymouth." 

We  have  strong  doubts  of  there  being  in  existence  any 
documents  which  can  fix  the  precise  date  of  the  Jirst  sellle- 
ment.  Among  the  records  of  the  ancient  town  of  Dover, 
there  are  undoubtedly  many  curious  facts  which  would  af- 
ford some  view  of  the  progress  of  the  plantation  ;  but  had 
there  been  any  thing  further,  it  would  not  have  escaped  the 
vigilant  eye  oL  Dr.  Belknap.  With  his  accustomed  regard 
to  dates,  he  would  not  have  neglected  so  important  an 
event  as  the  first  settlement  in  our  state,  had  it  been  possible 
for  him  to  determine  the  period. 

The  project  of  a  ccZc&rc^jon  is  not  new  with  us.  It  has 
been  frequently  spoken  of  by  those  who  are  in  the  habit  of 
looking  back  into  the  valley  of  the  past,  to  scan  the  deeds 
of  our  ancestors,  and  to  brush  oil"  the  dust  that  has  accu- 
mulated over  the  monuments  and  relics  which  they  left. 
The  subject  recommends  itself  to  public  attention  ;  and  we 
cannot  but  hope  there  will  be  found  active  and  willing  minds 
to  carry  it  into  execution. 

*This  island  is  in  or  near  Boston  harbor,  and  is  bet^vcen  Moon  islantl 
anJ  Dorchester  and  about  three  «ud  a  half  miles  from  Lonjr  Wharf. 


(  56  ) 

FOR   THE    LITERARV    JOURNAL. 


[A  great  (eacber  hath  informed  «s,  "  (hat  it  is  belter  to  g'o  to  the  house 
of  mourning'  than  to  tbn  bouse  of  feasting." — The  following-  beauti- 
ful lines  breathe  a  spii  it  of  calmness  and  resig-nation,  certainly  not 
to  be  found  among  the  gay  and  thoughtless  etfusions  so  common  on 
the  commencement  of  the  new  year.  The  husband  of  "  Cornelia" 
was  a  bard  of  no  mean  powers,  whose  musings  we  have  often  read 
with  satisfaction.  A  mind  gifted  with  tenderness  and  sensibility,  ren- 
dered him  the  joy  of  the  family  circle  ;  and  his  lore  of  retirement 
gave  him  an  opportunity  to  pursue  with  eagerness  his  favorite  stud- 
ies— history,  philosophy,  botanj',  poetry,  &c.  ;  in  all  which  he  had  a 
fair,  an  eager  companion.  That  companion  now  mourns  liis  depar- 
ture, and  in  the  following  plaintive  strains  alludes  to  the  happiness  of 
their  domestic  converse. — Editors.] 

A  mourner's  address  to  the  new  year. 

WHY  should  I  hail  thoe,  New-Year  ?  canst  thou  give 

Crushed  hopes  to  fiourish,  bid  the  dead  to  live  ? 

At  thine  approach,  how  many  hearts  beat  high  I 

And  thousands  welcome  thee,  that  low  must  lie 

Ere  thy  short  race  be  run  :  But  vain,  alas, 

To  muse  on  what  1  am, — on  what  1  was 

When  smiled  the  last  New-Year,  and  I,  deceived, 

The  flattering,  faitldess  promiser  believed  ! 

Oh,  still  1  sec  that  morning  as  it  rose. 

That  happy  day,  but  happiest  in  its  close  : 

Then  calm  as  evening  all  our  cares  retire, 

The  lamp  well  trimm'd,  and  brighter  stirr'd  the  fire ; 

With  /Mm,  the  sharer  and  imparter  too 

Of  all  my  happiness, — nor  slight,  nor  few 

The  joys  domestic  converse  doth  impart ; 

The  world  may  feed  the  mind,  not  fill  the  heart, — 

1  sat,  the  silken  hours  unheeded  past. 

To  judge  the  future,  we  reviewed  the  past ; 

Its  changes  various,  sudden  turns  of  fate, 

Wher^  rise  the  little,  o'-  where  sink  the  great; 

As  virtue's  healthful  blossoms  life  dispense  ; 

Or  vice  .xhalesits  noxious  pestilence  ; — 

We  mark'd  each  nation's  progress,  and  how  far 


Poetry,  57 

She  waved  the  wand  of  peace,  or  sword  of  war. 

Then  some  bold  drama  wc  admired,  but  blamed  5 

Or  private  tragedies  compassion  claimed. 

Their  woes  we  knew,  but,  here  the  dift'rcnce  lies, 

Our  own  we  feel — on  their's  philosophize  : 

I  said,  we  feel — and  jet  that  phrase  how  poor. 

To  paint  the  anguish  minds  are  formed  t'  endure! 

Oh !  there  are  feelings  never  can  be  told, 

And  there  are  thoughts  no  language  could  unfold, 

And  there  are  sorrows  that  the  heart  must  bear, 

Its  sole  relief  the  agonizing  tear  ! 

Light  griefs  may  court  discussion,  and  the  mind, 

Unburthened  of  their  weight,  new  pleasures  find  ; 

Not  so  the  broken  heart,  it  sits  alone. 

Unseen  its  rankling  wound,  unheard  its  groan. 

And  thust'ie  brawling  brook  the  sun  soon  dries— 

The  lake':  deep  bosom  calm,  but  cold,  still  lies. 

'low  rich  are  Time  and  Death  with  spoils  of  mine  ! 
Nor,  plaintive  Young,  were  such  complainings  thine. 
For  more  than  "  thrice"  th'  unerring  shaft  hath  fled, 
And  more  than  "thrice"  we've  walch'd  the  dying  bed  ; 
The  King  of  terrors  seemed  no  passing  guest. 
And  every  age  alike  at  his  behest 
Was  wrapp'd  in  darkness,  till  I  scarce  may  fear 
The  whirling  changes  of  the  coming  year. 
The  past  hath  rendered  all  its  threatenings  vain  ; 
Nor  are  we  rifled  when  there's  nought  to  gain. 
And  is  there  nothing?  Oh!  indulgent  heaven, 
Forgive  my  murmurings,  yes,  there's  blessings  given, — 
My  babes,  my  hope,  my  joy,  are  left  to  share 
The  solitary  home  and  silent  fare ; 
Their  smiles,  this  heart  still  owns,  can  pleasure  give  ; 
For  them  1  will  be  calm,  for  them  will  live ; 
And  He  who  stills  the  raven's  clam'rous  brood, 
He  will  protect,  and  He  bestow  their  food. 

Th'  unfeeling  world  may  pass  nor  whisper  peace, 
Yet  will  His  tender  mercies  never  cease. 
He  smiles — our  icy  sorrows  melt  away. 
As  winter  softens  at  the  breath  of  May — 
And  yet,  O  God  of  truth,  my  prayer  to  Thee 
Is  not  for  pleasure,  but  tranquillity. 
When  felt  is  poverty,  neglect  or  scorn. 
Teach  me  to  bear — my  Saviour  all  hath  borne. 
8 


58  Poetry. 

But  grant  thou  this,  when  Time's  bleak  storms  are  o'er, 
Tn  heaven,  a  family,  we  meet  once  more, 
And  spend  the  ever  new,  eternal  Year, 
Nor  pain,  nor  death,  nor  separation  fear. 

CORNELIA. 


[The  following'  stanzas  of  "  Oscar,"  a  New-HampsLire  bard,  are  wor- 
thy of  preservation  ;  and  we  would  sugg-est  to  the  writer,  that  a  muse 
sft  plaintive,  though  tired  of  the  bitterness  of  the  world,  should  not 
cease  to  excite  its  charities  ] 

SUSAN  AND  JACK. 

THE  poor  man  came  home,  ('twas  a  cot  on  the  moor,) 

And  his  children  to  welcome  him  stood  at  the  door. 

"  Ah,  Papa,  dear  Papa  !  my  sister  and  I 

Ate  nothing  to-day ;  but  I  told  her,  by'nd  by. 

When  the  sun  was  gone  down,  and  one  hardly  could  see, 

We  should  fully  be  feasted  with  mamma  and  thee." 

As  he  said  it.  Jack  seized  on  his  father  with  joy, 

Who  placed  on  his  knee  the  affectionate  boy  ; 

And  two  or  three  kisses  with  fervor  impress'd, 

As  his  child  with  a  heart  full  of  grief  he  address'd  : 

"  Dear  Jack,  when  I  went  in  the  morning  away, 

I  thought  to  bring  something  at  closing  ot  day  ; 

But  I  wrought  in  the  snow  and  the  keen  biting  blast, 

And  have  brought  nothing  home  but  a  brown  crust  at  last. 

Here,  Jack,  go  divide  it  with  Susan,  and  share 

All  your  parents  (a  pitiful  portion  !)  can  spare." 

He  took  it.  and  offer'd  his  father  a  part ; 

But  when  he  said,  "No,  Jack,"  it  griev'd  him  at  heart. 

Then  he  offer'd  the  piece  to  his  mother  ;  but  she 

Said,  "  'Tis  hardly  enough  for  dear  Susan  and  thee." 

He  threw  down  the  crust,  put  his  hand  to  his  eye, 

And  burst  into  tears,  but  could  hardly  tell  why. 

And  Susan  rejoin'd,  'twould  be  ten  times  more  sweet. 

If  her  parents  would  share  it,  and  with  them  would  eat. 

Then  they  smil'd  and  they  wept,  and  divided  their  store — 

A  crust  of  brown  bread  was  a  supper  for  four. 

In  the  fulness  of  sorrow  they  found  a  relief, 

For  Susan  and  Jack  were  the  joy  of  their  grief. 


Anecdotes,  59 

ANECDOTES. 

At  the  battle  of  Lignj,  two  days  previous  to  that  of  Wa- 
terloo, a  major  of  the  42d  Highlanders,  preferring  to  fight 
on  foot  in  front  of  his  men,  gave  his  horse  to  the  care  of  a 
drummer  boy  of  the  regiment.  After  some  severe  fighting 
with  the  French  cuirassiers  and  lancers,  and  after  receiving 
several  wounds,  he  fell  from  loss  of  blood,  near  a  brave  pri- 
vate of  his  corps,  Donald  Mackintosh,  who  was  mortally 
wounded  at  the  same  instant.  The  little  drummer  had  left 
the  horse  to  assist  poor  Donald  ;  which  a  lancer  seeing, 
thought  the  horse  a  fair  prize,  and  made  a  dash  at  it.  This 
did  not  escape  the  watchful  and  keen  eye  of  the  dying  High- 
lander ;  who,  with  all  the  provident  spirit  of  his  country 
"  ruling  strong  in  death,"  groaned  out,  "  Hoot  mon,  ye  man- 
na tak  that  beast,  it  belongs  to  our  captain  here."  The  lan- 
cer neither  understanding  him,  nor  respecting  his  writhing 
gesture,  seized  on  the  horse.  Donald  loaded  his  musket  once 
more,  shot  the  lancer  dead,  and  the  next  moment  fell  back 
and  expired. 

Two  Irishmen,  who  were  travelling  together,  had  got  out 
of  money,  and  being  in  want  of  a  drink  of  whiskey,  devis- 
ed the  following  ways  and  means  :^ — Patrick,  catching  a  frog 
out  of  the  brook,  went  forward,  and  stopping  at  the  first  tav- 
ern, asked  the  landlord  what  "  crature  "  that  \vas  ?  It  is  a 
frog,  replied  the  landlord. — No,  sir,  said  Pat,  it  is  a  mouse. 
It  is  a  frog,  rejoined  the  landlord.  It  is  a  mouse,  said  Pat, 
and  I  will  leave  it  to  the  first  traveller  who  comes  along,  for 
a  pint  of  whiskey.  Agreed,  said  the  landlord.  Murphy 
soon  arrived,  and  to  him  was  the  appeal  made.  After  much 
inspection  and  deliberation,  it  was  decided  to  be  a  mouse, 
and  the  landlord,  in  spite  of  tht;  evidence  of  his  senses,  paid 
the  debt. 

Legal  defiance. — Two  eminent  members  of  the  Irish  bar, 
Messrs.  Doyle  and  Yclverton,  quarrelled  so  violently,  that 
from  words  they  came  to  blows.  Doyle,  the  more  powerful 
man  (at  the  first  at  least)  knocked  down  his  adversary  twice, 
exclaiming  with  vehemence,  "  You  scoundrel,  I'll  make  you 
behave  yourself  hke  a  gentleman."  To  which  Yclverton, 
rising,  answered  with  equal  indignation,  "  No,  sir,  never  :  / 
di'fy  you,  I  defy  you:' 

o 

If  you  wish  to  know  what  most  engages  a  man's  thoughts, 
you  have  only  to  listen  to  his  conversation. 


6$,  Ancient  Laws. 

Extracts  from  the  Ancient  Laws  of  Connecticut* 

"The  Sabbath  shall  begin  at  sunset  on  Saturday. 

"No  Woman  shall  kiss  her  child  on  the  sabbath  or  fasting 
day. 

"No  one  shall  run  on  the  sabbath  day,  or  walk  in  his  gar- 
den or    elsewhere,  except  reverently  to  and  from  meeting. 

"No  one  shall  travel,  cook  victuals,  make  beds,  sweep 
house,  cut  hair  or  shave  on  the  sabbath  day. 

"No  man  shall  hold  an  office,  who  is  not  sound  in  faith, 
and  faithful  to  this  dominion ;  and  whoever  gives  a  vote  to 
such  a  person  shall  pay  a  fine  of  1/.  For  a  second  offence, 
he  shall  be  disfranchised. 

"Each  freeman  shall  swear  by  the  blessed  God  to  bear 
true  allegiance  to  this  dominion,  and  that  Jesus  is  the  only 
king. 

"No  one  shall  be  a  freeman,  or  give  a  vote,  unless  he  be 
converted  and  a  member  in  full  communion  with  one  of  the 
churches  allowed  in  this  dominion. 

"No  quaker  or  dissenter  from  the  established  Avorship  of 
this  dominion,  shall  be  allowed  to  give  a  vote  for  the  elec- 
tion of  Magistrates,  or  any  officer. 

"No  food  or  lodging  shall  be  afforded  to  a  Quaker,  Ada- 
mite or  other  heretic. 

"If  any  person  turns  Quaker,  he  shall  be  banished,  and 
not  suffered  to  return,  but  upon  pain  of  death. 

"A  person  accused  of  trespass  in  the  night  shall  be  judged 
guilty,  unless  he  clear  himself  by  his  oath. 

"When  it  appears  that  an  accused  has  confederates,  and 
he  refuses  to  discover  them,  he  may  be  racked. 

"No  Gospel  Minister  shall  join  people  in  marriage  ;  the 
Magistrates  only  shall  join  in  marriage,  as  they  may  do  it 
with  less  scandal  to  Christ's  Church. 

"Married  persons  must  live  together,  or  be  imprisoned. 

"Every  male  shall  have  his  hair  cut  round  according  to  a 
cap. 

"Whoever  publishes  a  lie  to  the  prejudice  of  his  neigh- 
bour, shall  sit  in  the  stocks,  or  be  whipped  fifteen  stripes. 

"Whoever  wears  clothes  ti-immed  with  gold,  silver  or 
bone  lace,  above  two  shillings  by  the  yard,  shall  be  present- 
ed by  the  Grand  Jurors  ;  and  the  Selectmen  shall  tax  the 
oftender  at  100/.  estate. 

"No  one  shall  read  common  prayer,  keep  Christmas  or 
Saint-days,  make  mince-pics,  dance,  play  cards,  or  play  on 
toy  instrument  of  music  except  the  drum,  trumpet  and  Jews- 
harp." 


Literary  J^olkes,  61 

The  Bombay  Gazette  mentions  that  an  Alphabet  has  late- 
ly been  discovered,  which  will  probably  serve  as  a  key  to 
the  ancient  inscriptions  in  the  Indian  caves,  such  as  Elephan- 
ta,  Keneri,  and  others.  Their  dates,  uses,  and  origin  will 
thus  be  ascertained,  and  stand  instead  of  the  existing  wild 
oriental  fictions  concerning  them. 


2L(tev3VS  ttSToticts* 


Rev.  Timothy  Alden,  President  of  Alleghany  College, 
is  about  to  publish  an  account  of  his  missionary  labors  a- 
mong  the  Senecas  and  Munsees,  many  of  whom  are  emerg- 
ing from  savage  darkness  into  the  light  of  Christianity. 
He  proposes  also  to  annex  an  account  of  Alleghany  Col- 
lege, with  engravings  of  the  Hall,  and  profiles  of  Dr.  Bent- 
ley,  Dr.  M'Kean,  and  Judge  Winthrop. 

Messrs.  Richardson  and  Lord,  Boston,  are  about  to  publish 
"^  Military  Journal  during  the  American  Revolutionary  War., 
from  1775  to  1783,  describing  interesting  events  and  transac' 
lions  of  that  period  xoith  numerous  historical  fads,  biographi- 
cal sketches  and  amusing  anecdotes  ;  By  James  Thacher, 
M.  D.  late  surgeon  in  the  American  army."  The  publica- 
tion of  Garden's  Anecdotes  has  created  a  taste  for  minute 
descriptions  of  the  scenes  of  the  revolution,  which  we  hope 
will  be  kept  up,  until  the  interesting  events  now  generally 
unknown,  and  the  numerous  heroic  characters  still  resting 
in  obscurity,  shall  have  been  faithfully  portrayed.  Dr. 
Thacher  was  a  surgeon  in  the  northern  division  of  the  army, 
where  it  is  well  known  that  some  of  the  most  interesting 
events  of  the  revolution  occurred. — From  the  reputation  of 
the  writer,  we  have  formed  high  expectations ;  and  have  no 
doubt  the  work  will  meet  with  an  extensive  patronage. 

"  Elements  of  Geography,  Ancient  and  Modern,  with  an  Atlas, 
hy^.  E.Worcester,  A.M.  Second  edition,  1822. 
Mr.  Worcester  is  deserving  much  commendation  for  his 
labors  in  collecting  and  disrscminating  geographical  know- 
ledge. Without  making  any  comparison  between  this  and 
other  school  geographies,  as  to  peculiar  merit  in  being  con- 
formed to  well  known  principles  on  which  ideas  are  most 
easily  acquired, it  must  be  admitted  that  the  work  under  con- 
sideration contains  a  more  full  and  accurate  view  of  the  ele- 
ments of  geography  than  any  other  volume  of  the  same  size 


62  Literary  Notices. 

we  have  seen.  But,  what  is  far  more  vahiable  to  the  public, 
and  creditable  to  himself  as  an  author,  Mr.  W.  does  not,  as 
has  been  too  much  the  case  with  the  reputed  authors  of 
American  geographies,transcribe  page  after  page  from  trans- 
atlantic publications,  in  describing  his  own  country ;  but 
goes  to  the  sources  of  such  knowledge,  and  then  puts  what- 
ever is  obtained  into  form  himself,  thereby  making  the  work 
literally  his  own ;  and  by  indefatigable  exertions  in  collect- 
ing information  and  unwearied  care  in  presenting  it  to 
the  public,  causes  his  publications  to  become  standard 
zoorks.)  which  no  one  will  deny  have  been  much  need- 
ed. This  expression  of  praise  is  bestowed  on  Mr.  W. 
with  seeming  qualification,  because  of  the  great  difficulty 
in  deciding  on  the  different  merits  of  different  elementary 
works  on  geography,  considered  solely  in  reference  to  their 
respective  capacities,  (if  the  expression  may  be  allowed,) 
for  facilitating  the  acquisition  of  geographical  science.  As 
the  mind  is  not  accessible  in  a  single  point  only,  and  as 
much  depends  in  communicating  geographical  knowledge, 
to  young  persons  especially,  on  the  peculiar  talents  of  the 
teacher,  as  well  as  on  the  peculiar  plan  of  the  geography 
used,  it  is  possible  and  perhaps  probable,  that  one  teacher 
may  often  use  successfully  one  work,  and  another  use  with 
equal  success  a  work  constructed  on  a  plan  materially  dif- 
ferent. It  was,  thereiore,  no  part  of  our  intention  in  this 
notice,  to  discuss  the  principle  on  which  we  have  incidental- 
ly touched,  in  speaking  of  Mr.  Worcester's  merits,  as  a  ge- 
ographer. Nor  would  we  be  understood  to  say,  that  Mr. 
W.  is  deserving  more  credit,  as  a  geographer,  than  any  other 
pcrson,with  whose  labors  we  are  favored,  considered  simply 
in  relation  to  the  accuracy  and  systematic  minuteness  of  his 
statements,  whether  geographical  or  statistical. — We  have 
erected  no  tribunal  from  which  such  an  unqualified  decision 
is  to  go  forth,  and  especially  in  cases  where  many  rival  and 
nearly  equal  claims  for  pre-eminence  might  be  urged.  In  an 
article  like  the  present,and  especially  at  thistime,itis  proper 
to  mention  particularly  the  very  useful  labors  of  Mr.  Mel- 
ish  of  Philadelphia,  recently  deceased.  If  any  one  has 
done  more  than  another^in  perfecting,  by  elegant  maps,  well 
written  descriptions,  and  copious  statistical  tables,  the  geog- 
raphy of  this  country,  it  is  Mr.  Melisb. 

Messrs.  Cummings  &  Ililliard,  Boston,  have  just  publish- 
ed A  new  and  much  improved  editi&n  of  Worcester''s  Universal 
Gazetteer,  in  two  vols.  8vo.     From  the  author's  preface,  it 


Literary  J^oiices.  63 

appears,  that "  a  fjrent  mass  of  new  and  important  matter  has 
been  incorporated;  careful  attention  has  been  j)aid  to  the 
present  political  divisions  of  the  globe,  and  the  population 
and  statistics  of  the  difl'erent  parts  have  been  given  from  the 
most  recent  and  authentic  sources.  The  object  has  becnjo 
collect  a  complete  body  of  geographical  and  statistical 
knowledge,  and  to  digest  it  in  the  most  concise  and  conven- 
ient form.  The  quantity,  of  matter  comprised  in  the  pres- 
ent edition,  is  much  greater  than  in  proportion  to  the  increas- 
ed size  of  the  book.  This  has  been  eflccted  in  part  by  us- 
ing a  type  a  little  smaller  than  the  one  on  which  the  first 
edition  was  printed,  and  in  part  by  improving  on  the  plan 
of  condensation,  and  excluding  every  thing  superfluous. — 
Much  information  is  given  in  a  tabular  form  in  the  body  of 
the  work,  as  well  as  in  the  Appendix  at  the  end."  From  the 
well  known  industry  and  talents  of  Mr.  Worcester,  and  his 
access  to  the  various  sources  of  information  necessary  for 
the  revision  of  the  work,  we  can  feel  no  hesitation  in  believ- 
ing that  this  Gazetteer  will  prove  one  of  the  most  useful,  to 
all  descriptions  of  persons,  which  our  country  has  yet  pro- 
duced. 

Report  on  Indian  Affairs. — A  large  octavo  with  this  title 
has  been  lately  published  by  the  Rev.Dr.  Morse.  Its  object 
is  to  furnish  government  with  an  accurate  account  of  the 
condition,  manners,  habits,  religion  and  morals  of  the  various 
Indian  Tribes,  to  enable  government  to  effect  the  melioration 
of  their  condition — a  favorite  object  of  the  present  adminis- 
tration. In  1820,  Dr.  Morse  visited  all  the  tribes  within  our 
territories,  and  acquired,  by  personal  intercourse  and  obser- 
vation, a  vast  store  of  useful  information.  The  result  he 
embodied  in  the  form  of  a  report  to  the  Secretary  of  War  ; 
and  this  alone  would  show  him  entitled  to  public  gratitude. 
But  this  comprises  not  nearly  all,  nor  the  most  interesting" 
part  of  the  volume.  The  appendix  gives  many  facts,  illus- 
trative of  their  manners  and  character,  many  particulars  of 
their  religious  worship,  in  which  the  theologian  discovers 
traces  of  man"'s  common  origin ;  and  many  specimens  of 
their  languages,  which  cannot  fail  to  interest  the  antiquarian 
and  scholar. 

The  "  Pioneers^''  by  the  author  of  the  "  Spy^''  so  deserved- 
ly popular  with  American  readers,will  be  published  in  a  few 
wrecks. 

An  edition  of  the  poems  of  Dr.  Percival  is  about  to  be 
published  in  New- York. 


John  TV.  Shepard^ 

do. 

Luther  Rvhy^ 

do. 

John  Prentiss^ 

Keene. 

C.  W.  Cutter^ 

Dever. 

Beck  &  Foster^ 

Portsmouth. 

JV.  A.  Haven,  jr. 

do. 

Richard  Boyhton, 

Amherst. 

S.  T.  Goss, 

Haverhill. 

64  Literary  Notkts, 

Age  of  Newspapers. — A  new  literary  paper,  called  The 
Observer,  has  recently  been  commencetl  at  Salem,  Ms.  to  be 
conducted  by  B.  L.  Oliver,  Esq.  The  New-Hampshire  Re- 
publican., edited  by  C.  W.  Cutter,  Esq.  has  appeared  at  Do- 
ver. And  the  New-Hampshire  Statesman,  by  Mr.  L.  Roby, 
has  been  just  commenced  in  this  village.  We  have  noticed 
in  many  papers  an  improvement  in  their  appearance  ;  and 
cannot  but  hope,  while  editors  and  publishers  are  thus  zeal- 
ous to  merit,  that  they  will  receive  a  liberal  patronage.  The 
following  is  a  list  of  the  newspapers  at  present  published  in 
this  state : 

NAMES.  EDITORS.      WHERK   PUBLISHED. 

Jiew-Hampshire  Patriot  &  State  Gazette^  Isaac  Hill,  Concord, 

Xfew-Hampshire  Repository, 

J^ew-Hampshire  Statesman, 

J^ew-Hampshire  Sentinel^ 

J^ew-Hampshire  Republicany 

J^ew-Hampshire  Gazette, 

Portsmouth  Journal, 

Farmer'' s  Cabinet, 

J^ew- Hampshire  hitelUgencef, 

The  oldest  newspaper  establishment  in  the  state  is  the 
New-Hampshire  Gazette,  at  Portsmouth,  which  was  estab- 
lished in  1 756.  In  a  future  number,  we  shall  give  a  history 
of  the  different  newspaper  establishments  in  this  state,  with 
notices  of  changes  in  names,  editors  and  publishers. 
o 

The  editors  have  lately  been  favored  by  a  gentleman 
of  this  state,  with  the  loan  of  a  MS.  volume,  278  pages  folio, 
containing  "  A  List  of  General  Courts-Martial  and  Courts 
of  Inquiry,  held  in  the  City  of  Louisbourg,  in  the  Island  of 
Cape  Breton,  in  the  years  1746, 1747  and  1748."  The  man- 
uscript is  written  in  a  fair  and  legible  hand,  and  is  in  a  good 
state  of  preservation. 

"  American  Sketches.^'' — We  have  received  a  poem,  entitled 
"  The  Winter  Evening,"  from  the  author  of  the  "  Farmer's 
Fireside,"  which  originally  appeared  in  these  Collections. — 
We  regret  our  want  of  room  to  present  it  entire  in  the  pres- 
ent number ;  and  shall  lay  it  before  our  readers  in  the  next. 

A>  valued  correspondent  promises  for  our  March  Number, 
a  description  of  (he  "  St-ong  Box,"  taken  by  Col.  Westbrook 
from  Ralle,  the  Jesuit,  in  1722. 


MARCH,   1023. 


HISTORY  AND  BIOGRAPHY. 

Sketches  of  the  early  History  of  Billerica,  Ms. 

This  town  was  granted  by  the  General  Court  of  Massa- 
chusetts to  the  inhabitants  of  Cambridge  on  the  14th  of 
June,  1642.  It  was  originally  called  Shawshin,  from  the 
river  on  which  it  is  situated,  and  was  incorporated  by  the 
name  of  Billericain  May,  1655.  The  name  is  derived  from 
a  considerable  town  in  the  county  of  Essex,  in  England, 
from  whence  it  is  supposed  that  several  of  the  first  inhabi- 
tants emigrated.  It  was  first  settled  about  the  year  1653 
by  a  number  of  respectable  families ;  some  from  Cambridge, 
but  the  greater  part  originally  from  England.  The  names 
of  Danforth,  Parker,  Brackett,  Rogers,  Hill,  French,  Cros- 
by, Whiting,  Daniel,  Richardson,  Stearns,  Brown,  Tompson 
and  Farmer  were  among  the  early  settlers.  The  early  in- 
habitants of  this  town  were  of  reputable  families,  and  a  con- 
siderable proportion  of  them  were  persons  of  education. 
To  the  name  of  Danforth,  are  we  principally  indebted  for 
the  valuable  facts  contained  in  the  town  records  for  a  long 
series  of  years.  Few  names  in  this  country,  says  Dr.  Eli- 
ot, have  produced  more  literary  characters  than  the  name 
of  Danforth.  Capt.  Jonathan  Danforth  was  among  the 
most  active  and  cnterprizing  inhabitants  of  Billerica.  He 
was  born  29th  Feb.  1628,  at  Framingham,  in  Suffolk,  Eng- 
land, where  his  father,  Rev.  Nicholas  Danforth,  was  a  gen- 
tleman of  such  repute  and  estate  "  that  it  cost  him  a  consid- 
erable sum  to  escape  the  knighthood  which  King  Charles 
imposed  upon  all  of  so  much  per  annum."  His  father  came 
to  New-England  in  1634,  and  settled  at  Cambridge,  where 
he  died  about  four  years  after  his  arrival.  His  brothers 
were  the  Hon.  Thomas  Danforth,  of  Cambridge,  Deputy 
Governor  of  the  colony,  and  Rev.  Samuel  Danforth,  a  learn- 
«id  and  eminent  minister  of  Roxbury.  Capt.  Danforth  set- 
9 


66  Early  Hhlory  of  Billerica. 

tied  in  Billerica  in  1654,  Avhere  he  remaii^d  till  his  death, 
September  7,  1712,  at  the  age  of  84.  He  left  many  manu- 
scripts, some  of  which  are  in  possession  of  the  writer  of 
these  sketches.  A  poem  was  published  on  his  death,  from 
which  the  following  lines  are  selected. 

"  He  rode  the  circuit,  chain'd  great  towns  and  farms 
"To  ^ood  behavior;   and  by  well  marked  stations, 
"  He  fixed  their  bounds  for  many  g-enerations. 
"  His  art*  ne'er  fail'd  him,  though  the  loadstone  failM, 
*«  When  oft  by  mines  and  streams  it  was  assaiPd. 
"  All  this  is  charming-,  but  there's  something-  higher, 
"  Gave  him  the  lustre  which  we  must  admire/'f 

Rev.  Samuel  Whiting  was  another  of  the  early  inliabitants. 
Of  him,  it  may  be  proper  to  give  a  short  notice.     He  was  i 
the  oldest  son  by  a  second  marriage  of  Rev.    Samuel  Whi-    ' 
ting  of  Lynn,  v/ho  came  from  England  and  arrived  at  Bos- 
ton, 26th  May,  1636.     His  mother,  a  woman  of  exalted  pi-   i 
ety  and  virtue,  was  a  daughter  ot  the   right  honorable  Oli-  | 
ver  St.  John,  of  Bedfordshire,  and  nearly  related  to  Lord  1 
St.  John  of  Bletsoe.     He  was  born   about  the  jcar  1 63§,   J 
most  probably  at  Skirbick,   near   Boston   in  Lincolnshire,   | 
where  his  father  then  resided.     He  was  graduated  at  Har-    ' 
vard  College  in  1653,  and  a  few  years  after   completing  his 
theological  studies,  went  to  Billerica,  and  was   ordained  the    i 
first  minister  of  that  place,  November  1 1,  1663.     His  con-   \ 
temporaries  in  the  ministry  in  the  adjoining  towns  were   all 
eminent  men.    Fiske  of  Chelmsford,  Mitchel  of  Cambridge, 
Bulkley  of  Concord,  Barnard  of  Andover,  and  Fox  of  Wo- 
burn,  were  in  active  life,  and  were  his  associates  in  the  min- 
isterial profession.     Mr.  Whiting  remained  the   minister  of 
Billerica  nearly  fifty  years  from  his  settlement,  and   contin- 
ued to  discharge  the  duties  of  his   sacred  office  with  great 
prudence,  diligence  and  circumspection  till  age  rendered  him 
unequal  to  the  task.     He  then  had   the  assistance  of  a  col- 
league.    Dr.  Mather,  in  his  Magnalia,  calls  him  "  a  rever- 
end, holy  and  faithful  minister  of  the  gospel."      He  depar- 
ted this  life,  February  28,  1713',  aged  about  80  years.     One  . 
of  his  sons,  John  Whiting,  who  was  graduated   at   Harvard    j 
College   in    1685,  was  the  second  minister  of  Lancaster.    ! 
There  he  was   killed,  with  twenty-one   others,  on  the  11th    ' 
September,  1697,  when  that  town  was  surprised   by  the   In- 
dians. 

John  Stearns  was  among  the  earliest  inhabitants.  He 
married  Mary  Lathrop  of  Plymouth  colony,  who  was  proba- 
bly a  daughter  or  grand-daughter  of  Rev.  John  Lathrop  of 

*The  art  of  Surveying.        jHis  piety  is  here  alluded  to. 


Earlij  History  of  BiUerica*  C7 

Scituate.  John  Stearns,  his  son,  was  the  lirst  person  born 
in  town,  on  record.  The  late  Rev.  Josiah  Stearns,  Hon. 
Isaac  Stearns  were  his  descendants. 

Edward  Farmer  came  from  Anceley  in  Warwickshire, 
England.  Though  an  early  settler,  he  was  not  among  the 
lirst  inhabitants.  He  was  accompanied  or  soon  followed 
by  his  mother,  a  widow,  who,  soon  after  her  arrival,  married 
Rev.  Thomas  Wiswall  of  Cambridge  Village,  nov/  Newton. 
She  survived  him  and  died  at  her  son's  in  Billerica,  May  21, 
]686.  She  was  originally  of  Great  Packington,  in  War- 
wickshire; her  name  Isabel  Barbage.  From  her  descended 
in  a  direct  line  the  late  Rev.  Richard  Farmer,  D.  D.  Master 
of  Emanuel  College,  Cambridge,  author  of  "  An  Essay  on 
the  Learning  o^'  Shakspeare,"  and  among  the  best  commen- 
tators on  that  immortal  bard.* 

The  progress  of  the  settlement  of  Billerica  was  not  rapid, 
but  the  measures  adopted  by  the  inhabitants  were  well  cal- 
culated to  render  it  permanent.  Among  the  regulations  en- 
tered in  the  early  records  were  the  following :  All  persons 
unknown  to  the  townsmen  desirous  of  becoming  inhabitants, 
were  re(}uired  to  bring  a  certificate  from  the  place  whence 
they  came,  exhibiting  such  testimony  aS  should  be  satisfac- 
tory to  the  town ; — that  upon  their  admission  as  inhabitants, 
they  should  subscribe  their  names  to  all  orders  of  the  town, 
and  bear  their  proportion  of  all  public  charges  in  church, 
town  and  commonweal.  Any  person,  not  qualified  by  law, 
who  should  presume  to  give  his  voice,  or  vote  in  any  elec- 
tions of  the  town,  or  interfere  in  any  town  aftairs,  was  sub- 
ject to  a  fine  of  five  shillings,  to  be  levied  by  the  constable. 
Any  inhabitant  or  proprietor  w'ho  should  bring  in,  or  enter- 
lain  in  town,  any  person  as  a  servant,  should  give  bond  to  the 
constable  to  secure  the  town  from  all  damage  that  might  a- 
rise  from  the  maintenance  of  such  servant.  In  case  of  re- 
fusal to  give  bond,  a  penalty  of  twenty  shillings  per  week 
was  incurred.  No  proprietor  possessing  less  than  a  ten  acre 
privilege,  should  alienate  any  part  of  his  right  to  any  person 
without  consent  of  the  town.  But  a  person  having  more 
than  this^  proportion,  might  sell  or  dispose  of  a  five  acre 
privilege.  Proprietors  of  not  more  than  ten  acre  privileges 
could  not,  without  permission  of  the  town,  dispose  of  their 

*This  disti'og^uisbed  scholar  and  antiquary  was  born  at  Leicester,  May 
4,1735;  died  Sept.  iJ,  1797.  The  writer  has  lately  received  from  his 
nephew,  Rev.  Thomas  Farmer,  of  Woburn,  Bedfordihirc,  some  extracts 
from  his  papers,  and  an  impression  of  the  seal  which  he  wore  and  used. 


68  Early  History  of  Billerica. 

privilege  to  any  person,   not  even   to  their  children,  unless 
the  tow^n  had  refused  to  make  them  a  grant. 

In  1658,  the  inhabitants  to  the  numb' r  of  nineteen,  agreed 
with  Rev.  Samuel  Whiting  in  reference  to  his  settlement  in 
town.  They  engaged  to  aive  him  and  his  heirs  a  ten  acre 
privilege,  and  a  house  comfortably  finished  with  the  accom- 
modations belonging  to  it,  if  he  should  continue  with  them 
during  his  life.  They  also  agreed  to  give  him  a  salary  of 
40/.  for  the  first  two  years,  50/.  for  the  third,  and  60/.  for  the 
fourth,  and  afterwards  engaged  to  "  better  his  maintenance 
as  the  Lord  should  better  their  estates."  His  stated  salary 
after  the  fourth  year  was  70/. 

The  Rev.  Mr.  Whiting  was  ordained  Nov.  11,  1663,  and 
from  satisfactory  evidence,  it  appears  that  the  church  was 
gathered  at  the  same  time.  From  a  charge  in  the  town  re- 
cords, it  was  formerly  inferred  that  the  church  was  organized 
Aprils?,  1663, but  from  another  charge,  the  "gathering  of 
a  church  and  the  ordaining  of  Mr.  Whiling,"  are  considered 
as  coeval. 

On  the  2d  August,  1675,  Timothy  Farley  of  this  town, 
was  killed  at  Quaboag,  now  Brookfield,  in  an  engagement 
with  the  Indians.  Such  was  the  gloomy  aspect  at  this  time, 
and  the  alarm  and  terror  spread  through  the  country  by  the 
ravages  of  the  Indians,  that  the  inhabitants  of  this  town  held 
a  meeting  on  the  13th  August,  for  the  purpose  of  adopting 
measures  for  mutual  defence  and  security.  The  following 
entry  of  their  proceedings  is  made  in  the  records,  which 
gives  an  idea  of  the  danger  they  apprehended  from  their 
subtle  and  powerful  enemy.  "  The  town,  considering  the 
Providence  of  God  at  the  present,  calling  us  to  lay  aside 
our  ordinary  occupations  in  providing  for  our  creatures,  and 
to  take  special  care  of  our  own  lives,  and  the  lives  of  our 
wives  and  children ;  the  enemy  being  near  and  the  warning^ 
of  God's  Providence  upon  our  neighbors  being  very  solemn, 
do,  therefore,  order  and  agree  to  prepare  a  place  of  safety 
for  women  and  children  ;  and  that  persons  and  teams  shall 
attend  the  said  work  until  it  be  finished.  An  account  of  the 
whole  charge  being  kept,  shall  be  ecjuolly  divided  upon  the 
inhabitants  with  other  town  charges."  Soon  after  this  meet- 
ing, the  town  received  an  order  from  the  honorable  coun- 
cil, to  gather  the  several  inhabitants  into  garrisons  accor- 
ding to  their  best  capacity.  In  obedience  to  this  order,  a 
meeting  of  the  selectmen  and  committee  ol  the  militia,  was 
holden  for  that  purpose,  8th  October,  when  several  garri- 
sons were  formed,  and  suitable  arrangements  were  made. 
©n  the  14th,  the  selectmen   and  committee   were   met   by 


Early  History  of  Billerica.  69 

Major  Simon  Willard,  who  approved  their  mensnres,  and 
assisted  thcni  in  instituting  a  number  of  other  garrisons  in 
addition  to  those  formed  on  the  8th. 

The  excitement  produced  in  the  public  mind  at 
this  period,  by  the  predatory  incursions  of  the  In- 
dians, caused  many  persons  to  leave  their  habitations,  and 
seek  refuge  in  the  most  compact  part  of  the  several  towns. 
The  settlements  in  the  northerly  part  of  this  town  on  Con- 
cord river,  were,  from  their  situation,  peculiarly  exposed, 
and  were  deserted  by  the  inhabitants,  who  were  ordered  *.o 
be  entertained  "  in  the  body  of  the  town."  It  is  not  known 
that  this  town  received  any  essential  injury  during  King 
Philip's  war. 

The  number  of  families  in  town  about  this  time,   appears 
to  have  been  forty-eight,  and  the   number   of  dwelling-hou- 
ses forty-seven.     In  1679,  there  were  sixty  rateable  estates, 
including   non-residents.     In  a  return,  made  in  1680,   to  a 
warrant   from   the   deputy  Governor,  the   town  stated   the 
number  of  families  able  to  bear  public  charges  to  be  fifty 
and  of  aged  persons  and  poor,  including  widows,  to  be  ten 
A  writing  and  reading  school  was  at  this  time  taught  by  Jo 
seph  Tompson.     No  grammar  school  was  in  town. 

The  witchcraft  delusion  in  1692  extended  to  this  town 
and  several  persons  who  had  been  inhabitants  were  con 
cerned  in  the  tragical  scenes  at  Salem  Village.  Thomas 
Carrier,  alias  Morgan,  a  Welchman,  became  an  inhabitan 
of  Billerica  about  the  year  1663.  He  was  at  first  not  ac 
ccptcd  as  an  inhabitant,  and  a  petition  appears  to  have  beer, 
preferred  to  the  county  court  against  his  admission.  He 
was,  however,  afterwards  admitted ;  was  married  by  Gen- 
eral Gookin,  May  7,  1664,  to  Martha  Allen  and  had  sever- 
al children  born  here.  His  son,  Richard  Carrier,  born  in 
this  town,  July  16, 1674,  was  one  of  the  witnesses  against 
Rev.  George  Burroughs,  who  was  executed  August  19,  1692. 
His  wife  was  arrested  on  suspicion  of  witchcraft,  had  a  tri- 
al before  the  Court  at  Salem,  was  condemned  the  5th  of 
August,  and  executed  on  the  19th  among  the  unhappy  vic- 
tims at  Salem  Village.  Her  own  daughter,  a  child  about 
seven  years  old  was  allowed  to  testify  against  her  mother. 
The  testimony  and  confession  she  gave  may  be  seen  in  thq 
second  volume  of  Hutchinson's  History  of  Massachusetts. 
It  does  not  appear  that  Carrier  lived  in  Billerica  when  hi» 
family  was  involved  in  this  sad  catastrophe.  He  probably 
lived  in  Andover.  From  President  Allen's  Biographical 
Dictionary,  it  appears  that  for  the  last  twenty   years  of  his 


70  Early  History  of  BiUerica, 

life,  he  lived  in  Colchester,  Connecticut,  where  he  died  May 
16,  1735,  at  the  age  of  109  years.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
church  in  that  town.  His  head  in  his  last  years  was  not 
bald  nor  his  hair  gray.  Not  many  days  before  his  death  he 
travelled  on  foot  to  see  a  sick  man  six  miles,  and  the  very 
day  before  he  died,  he  was  visiting  his  neighbors.  Though 
there  is  no  positive  evidence  that  any  of  the  inhabitants  of 
Billerica  were  }3ut  upon  trial  for  the  supposed  crime  of  witch- 
craft in  the  time  of  this  delusion,  yet  it  may  be  safely  infer- 
red that  several  were  suspected  and  one  or  two  apprehended. 
Besides  the  authority  of  Hutchinson,  the  town  records  in- 
form us  that  during  the  height  of  the  delusion,  two  persons 
were  in  1  he  prison  at  Cambridge,  and  that  they  both  died 
there.  Rebecca,  wife  of  William  Chamberlain,  died  there 
Sept.  26,  1 692,  and  John  Durant,  Oct.  27, 1 692.  They  were 
probably  both  victims  of  the  infatuation  which  prevailed  at 
that  time. 

Within  the  original  limits  of  this  town  lived  a  considerable 
number  of  Indians.  The  Pawtucketts  at  Wamesit  and  its 
vicinity,  contained  in  1675,  about  250  souls.  They  had  for- 
merly been  estimated  at  3000.  The  right  of  the  Indians  to 
the  township  of  Billerica,  seems  to  have  been  partially  ac- 
knowledged by  the  English,-as  we  find  the  inhabitants  ob- 
tained a  purchase  from  them  in  1684.  The  Indians,  howev- 
er, appear  to  have  retained  a  part  of  Wamesit,  Avhich  border- 
ed on  Mrs.  Winthrop's  farm  of  3000  acres.  At  this  place 
they  had  a  praying  town,  which,  in  1674,  according  to  Goo- 
kin's  Collections,  contained  15  families,  and  75  souls.  They 
inhabited  a  small  tract  of  land  on  the  east  side  of  Concord 
river,  and  bordering  on  Merrimack  river.  The  divisional 
line  between  them  and  the  English,  it  is  said,  extended  from 
Merrimack  river,  about  half  a  mile  below  the  mouth  of  Con- 
cord river,  on  a  direct  line  to  Concord  river,  two  miles  from 
its  mouth.  Their  plantation  was  separated  from  the  English 
by  a  ditch,  which  may  be  seen  at  this  day.  Within  these 
limits,  is  a  hill,  called  Fort  Hill.,  lying  nearly  parallel  with 
Concord  river,  on  which  are  the  remains  of  their  fortification. 
It  seems  that  the  Indians  at  this  place,  were  in  some  degree 
civilized.  They  here  attended  to  the  cultivation  of  their 
land ;  planted  apple  trees  in  the  manner  of  the  English, 
some  of  which  remain,  but  have  become  incorporated  with 
the  trees  of  the  forest.  The  names  of  several  Indians  are 
preserved  in  the  records  of  Billerica.  Capt.  Danforth  had 
one  in  his  family  of  the  name  of  Warrick,  in  the  capacity  of 
a  servant,  who  died,  about  1686. 


Earlij  History  of  Bilkrirtt.  71 

The  inhabitants  of  Billerica,  though  for  a  long  time  expos- 
ed to  the  incursions  of  the  Indians,  do  not  appear  to  have  re- 
ceived any  material  injury  fiom  them  till  1692.  On  theiirst. 
day  of  August,  this  year,  they  killed  Ann  Shed,  wife  of 
Zachary  Shed,  with  two  of  her  children,  Hannah,  aged  13, 
and  Agnes,  aged  2  years  ;  Joanna  Dutton,  aged  36,  wife  of 
Benjamin  Dutton,  and  two  of  her  children  by  a  former  hus- 
band, Mary  Dunkin,  aged  16,  and  Benoni  Dunkin,  aged  2  1-2 
years.  Tradition  has  preserved  few,  or  no  particulars  of 
the  manner  in  which  these  fi^milies  were  assaulted. 

On  the  5th  August,  1695,  the  Indians  made  a  second  irrup- 
tion on  the  inhabitants  of  this  place.     In   the  northerly  part 
of  the  town,  on  the  east  side  of  Concord  river,  lived  a  num- 
ber of  families,  who,  though  without  garrisons  and  in  a  time 
of  war,  seemed  to  be  under  no  apprehensions  of  danger. 
Their  r.emotencss  from  the   scenes  of  Indian  depredations 
might  have  contributed  to  their  fancied  security.     The  In- 
dians came  suddenly  upon  them  in  the  day-time.     Dr.  Math- 
er, the  only  early  writer  who  has  mentioned  the  event,  says 
it  was  reported  they  were  on  horseback,  and  from  that  cir- 
cumstance, "  were  not  suspected  for  Indians,  till  they  surpris- 
ed the  house  they  came  to."*     They  entered  the  house  of 
John  Rogers,  son  of  one  of  the  early  settlers,  about  noon, 
and  while  from  the  fatigues  of  the  day,  he  was  enjoying  re- 
pose on  his  bed,  they  discharged  one  of  their  arrows,  v^'hich 
entered  his  neck  and  pierced  the  jugular  vein.     Awakened 
with  this  sudden  and  unexpected  attack,  he  started  up,   sei- 
zed the  arrow,  w^hich  he   forcibly  v/ithdrew,   and   expired 
with  the  instrument  of  death  in  his  hand.     A  woman  being 
in   the  chamber,  threw  herself   out  of    the   window,  and 
though  severely  wounded,  efiectcd  her  escape  by  conceal- 
ing herself  among  some  flags.     A  young  woman   was  scalp- 
ed and  left  for  dead,  but  survived  the  painful  operation  and 
lived  for  many  years  afterwards.   A  son  and  daugtitcr  of  Mr. 
Rogers  were  taken  prisoners.     The  family  of  John  Levis- 
tone  suffered  most  severely.      His  mother-in-law  and  five 
young  children  were  killed,  and  his  oldest  daughter  captur- 
ed.    Thomas  Rogers  and  his  oldest  son  were  killed.     P/Iarj-, 
the  wife  of  Dr.  Roger  Toothaker,  was  killed,  and  Margaret, 
his  youngest   daughter,  taken   prisoner.      Fifteen  persons 
•were  killed  or  taken  at  this  surprisal.     The  records  of  the 
town  give  the  names  of  for.rteen   who  were  killed   and  ta- 
ken into  captivity.     Ten  were  killed,  of  whom   five  were 
adults.     Though  the  Indians  w-ere  immediately  pursued  bj 

*See  Mather's  Decenkium  Ltjctuosvm  published  in  1698. 


72  Fathers  of  Ntw-England. 

the  inhabitants  of  the  centre  of  the  town,  yet  so  effectually 
had  they  taken  precautions  in  their  flight,  that  all  efforts  to 
find  them  were  unavailing.  It  is  said  they  had  even  tied 
up  the  mouths  of  their  dogs  with  wampum,  from  an  appre- 
hension that  their  barking  would  discover  the  direction  they 
had  taken.  The  shock  given  to  the  inhabitants  by  this  mel- 
ancholy event,  was  long  had  in  painful  remembrance. 


CHARACTER  OF  THE  FATHERS  OF  NEW-ENGLAND. 

From  a  Discourse-  delivered  at  Boston^  before  the  Massachusetts 
Historical  Society.     By  Hon.  John  Davis,  LL.  D. 

An  affectionate  and  respectful  remembrance  of  those 
worthies,  who  here  laid  the  foundation  of  our  multiplied 
enjoyments,  is  a  debt  of  gratitude.  We  possess  a  goodly 
heritage,  and  it  should  heighten  our  sense  of  obligation  to 
recollect,  that  a  generous  foresight  was  a  distinguished  char- 
acteristic of  our  ancestors.  An  ardent  desire  to  lay  a  solid 
and  lasting  foundation  for  the  best  interests  of  posterity  in- 
fluenced all  those  plans  of  policy  so  expressive  of  their  wis- 
dom. In  every  stage  of  their  enterprise,  they  were  prompt- 
ed bv  an  enlightened  humanity,  and  a  prospective  reference 
to  the  happiness  of  their  descendants. 

To  contemplate  the  characters  of  such  men  is  not  less 
our  interest  than  our  duty,  as  a  source  of  improvement. 

"Just  men  they  were,  and  u\\  their  study  bent 

"To  worship  God  aright,  and  know  his  works 

"Not  hid  ;  nor  those  things  last,  which  might  preserve 

"Freedom  and  peace  to  man." 

Their  eventful  story  has  also  interesting  connections. 
It  brings  to  view  many  elevated  characters,  some  of  them 
of  a  preceding  age,  whose  energy  of  thought,  and  rnanly 
deeds,  influenced  the  affairs  of  nations,  and  prepared  the 
way  for  the  settlement  and  civilization  of  a  waste  of  wilder- 
ness. It  connects  with  the  reformation,  that  most  interest- 
ing event  in  the  history  of  modern  times,  which  after  a  night 
of  superstition  and  ages  of  corruption,  operated  like  a  re- 
newed revelation  of  religious  truth. 

Intimately  associated  with  the  reformation  is  the  rise  and 
progress  of  the  Puritans.  Of  those  despised  and  persecu- 
ted men,  it  is  a  remark  of  Hume,  that  it  is  to  this  sect,  whose 
principles  appear  so  frivolous,  and  whose  habits  so  ridicu- 


Fathers  of  New-England.  73 

lous,  that  the  English  owe  the  whole  freedom  of  their  con- 
stitution." ''Wc  shall  take  the  compliment,"  sajs  Dr. 
Priestley,  "and  despise  the  reflection."  There  is  undoubtedly 
much  truth  in  the  observation  of  the  celebrated  historian, 
and  the  tendency  of  religious  dissent  to  favor  the  principles 
of  liberty  is  suflicicnlly  obvious.  It  is  certain  that  those 
principles  may  be  studied  to  advantage  in  the  history  of  our 
ancestors.  Not  indeed  so  eloquently  displayed,  as  in  the 
writings  of  a  Harrington  or  a  Sidney,  but  seen  in  practical 
operation,  and  confuting  the  opinions  which  had  before 
prevailed,  even  among  many  of  the  wise,  that  the  maxims, 
which  they  maintained,  were  inconsistent  with  public  safety, 
tranquillity  and  order.  There  is  reason  to  believe,  that  the 
example  of  our  ancestors,  the  sentiments  and  views  which 
they  inculcated,  had  considerable  influence  in  favoring  the 
cause  of  liberty  in  England,  in  the  continual  conflict  of  the 
people  with  the  princes  of  the  Stuart  dynasty. 

It  is  another  recommendation  of  a  lamiliar  acquaintance 
with  our  early  history,  that  it  tends  to  generate  a  love  of 
country  of  the  best  complexion,  and  the  highest  order;  a 
love  of  country  chastened  and  improved  by  elevated  senti- 
ments and  dignified  examples.  It  aftbrds,  also,  the  means 
for  a  more  perfect  understanding  of  the  character  of  a  peo- 
ple, standing  in  connexion  by  descent  with  such  foundations, 
as  may  enable  the  statesman  and  the  politician  to  form  a 
more  just  theory  of  society  ;  to  ascertain  what  measures  it 
may  be  prudent  to  adopt,  and  what  will  probably  fail  of  suc- 
cess. 

It  maybe  said  that  the  tree  is  known  by  its  fruit,  and  that 
a  consideration  of  the  present  state  of  society  will  afford  a 
sufficient  guide  for  political  conduct.  That  the  tree  is  known 
by  its  fruit,  is  indeed  true,  in  its  important  moral  application, 
and  yet  in  a  limited  sense.  If  we  would  improve  the  quality 
of  the  fruit,  or  increase  the  product  of  the  tree,  determine 
what  engraftment  it  may  receive,  what  pruning  it  demands, 
or  what  it  will  endure,  avc  shall  require  a  knowledge  of 
.something  more  than  the  fruit,  an  acquaintance  with  vegeta- 
ble physiology. 

The  ruffled  surface  of  society  breaks,  confounds  and  dis- 
torts the  images  of  things  ;  in  the  mirror  of  history  all  is  seen 
distinctly,  as  the  smooth  and  peaceful  lake  reflects  the 
foliage  of  the  surrounding  forest. 

I  will  venture  to  suggest  another  consideration,  which 
may  not  be  unworthy  the  attention  of  the  guides  and  guar- 
dians of  youth. 

10 


74  Fathers  of  New-England. 

If  a  martial  spirit  may  be  enkindled  by  listening  to  the 
exploits  of  heroes,  and  the  student  be  excited  to  literary  in- 
dustry by  the  lives  and  writings  of  scholars  and  philosophers, 
may  not  the  '  most  interesting  impressions  be  produced  by 
a  familiar  acquaintance  with  those  holy  men,  who  were  the 
founders  of  our  state.  When  once  convinced  of  their  puri- 
ty, sincerity  and  wisdom,  may  not  the  near  relation,  which 
we  bear  to  them,  give  a  salutary  influence  to  their  example, 
and  their  language  and  sentiments,  different  as  they  are  from 
what  are  now  current  in  society,  afibrd  some  facilities  to  the 
reception  of  that  sacred  volume,  with  which  they  were  so 
familiar. 

A  recurrence  to  this  primitive  age  may  be  further  recom- 
mended, as  tending  to  the  amelioration  of  the  heart  by  an 
innocent  gratification  of  taste. 

Antiquity  has  charms  to  sooth  the  imagination,  and  it  is 
unnecessary  to  analyze  the  process  by  which  the  acknowl- 
edged effect  is  produced. 

"  Shall  I  attribute  it  to  nature  or  prejudice,"  says  Cicero, 
"  that  when  we  behold  any  of  the  places,  which  have  been 
frequented  by  personages  worthy  of  renown,  it  makes  a 
stronger  impression  upon  us,  than  the  hearing  of  their  ac- 
tions, or  reading  their  writings  ;"  and  he  introduces  Piso, 
thus  addressing  his  friends,  while  walking  in  the  academy  at 
Athens.  "  My  mind  is  filled  with  Plato,  who,  we  understand 
first  used  to  dispute  in  this  place.  Here  walks  Speusippus, 
there  Xenophon,  and  there  his  auditor  Polemo,  and,  indeed 
when  I  used  to  look  around  our  senate-house,  I  mean  that  of 
Hostilius,  not  the  new  one,  which  seems  to  be  lessened  by  its 
enlargement,  I  had  Scipio,  Cato,  Loelius,  but  above  all,  my 
grandsire  before  my  eyes."* 

This  is  the  language  of  nature,  and  every  well  disposed 
mind  accords  to  the  sentiment.  What  classic  reader  has 
not  been  sensibly  touched,whcn  Virgil's  shepherds,  in  their 
rural  walk,  discern  the  tomb  of  Bianor  appearing  in  distant 
prospect  ? 

We  have  but  few  sepulchral  monuments  of  our  ancestors  ; 
but  when  familiar  with  their  history,  and  fortunately  it  is 
most  minute,  this  metropolis,  its  hills,  harbor  and  islands, 
the  river  which  laves  its  shores,  and  every  neighboring  vil- 
lage, will  bring  their  revered  images  to  view.  On  the  spot 
where  we  are  now  assembled,  we  may  behold  Johnson ;  at 
a  little  distance,  Cotton  5  at  the  governor's  garden,  the  rever- 

"^  De  £d.  bon.  et  tnal.  lib.  v. 


Fathers  of  New-England.  75 

ed  Winthrop  ;  at  CharlesLown,  Harvard ;  at  Cambridge, 
Hooker  ;  at  Dorchester,  Warham  and  Maverick ;  at  Rox- 
bury,  Dudley  and  the  venerable  Eliot. 

To  contemplate  this  fair  theatre  of  their  transactions,  in 
its  wild  and  savage  state,  presents  many  interesting  repre- 
sentations ;  but  how  is  the  scene  brightened  and  adorned  by 
the  features  which  civilization  and  refinement  annex  to  the 
picture.  The  busy  town  and  the  rural  cottage,  the  lowing 
herd,  the  cheerful  hearth,the  village  school,  the  rising  spire, 
the  solemn  bell,  the  voice  of  prayer,  and  the  hymn  of  praise. 
Simplicity,  purity  and  all  the  multiplied  ingredients  of  hu- 
man happiness  seize  on  the  fancy  and  harmonize  with  our 
best  aftections.  From  associations  of  this  description,  the 
painter  and  the  poet  have  derived  the  happiest  conceptions. 
The  mighty  mind  of  IMilton  could  build  on  chaos,  and  travel 
through  the  universe  like  a  seraph,  but,  generally,  the  finest 
and  most  durable  performances  of  poetic  genius  have  been 
prompted  by  domestic  scenery,  and  animated  by  a  refer- 
ence to  characters,  objects  and  events,  not  so  familiar  as  to 
have  become  insipid,  nor  so  remote  as  to  be  destitute  of  in- 
terest. 

It  may  be  reserved  for  some  native  master,  or  perhaps,some 
mistress  of  the  lyre,  to  give  a  happy  confirmation  to  these 
suggestions. 

It  is  a  most  interesting  use  of  history,  to  bring  to  view  the 
conduct  of  Divine  Providence  in  the  direction  of  human  af- 
fairs. Among  the  events  in  the  history  of  the  world  evi- 
dencing the  benevolent  purposes  of  the  Deity,  there  are  ma- 
ny which  have  occurred  in  the  settlement  and  progress  of 
our  country.  We  cannot  be  ignorant  with  what  strength 
this  sentiment  was  impressed  on  the  minds  of  our  fathers. 
The  greatest  caution,  says  a  profound  and  pious  writer,  is 
requisite  in  our  researches  on  this  subject.  I  tread  on  hal- 
lowed ground,  and  knowing  the  precision  of  thought  and  ac- 
curacy of  enquiry  which  such  a  topic  demands,  I  shall 
readily  obtain  your  excuse  for  confining  myself,  on  this 
occasion,  to  the  mere  suggestion  of  a  sentiment,  the  truth  of 
which  is  indubitable  and  of  high  importance. 


Maxims. — Live  constantly  in  the  unshaken  belief  of  the 
overruling  Providence  of  an  infinitely  wise  and  good,  as  well 
as  almighty  Being ;  and  prize  his  favor  above  all  things. 

Accustom  yourself  to  temperance,  and  be  master  of  your 
passions. 


76  Btv.  Jacob  Burnap,  D.  D. 

BIOGRAPHICAL  NOTICE  OF  REV.  JACOB  BURNAP,  D.  D. 

Rev.  Jacob  Burnap,  D.  D.  the  first  and  only  minister  of 
the  town  of  Merrimack,  in  this  state,  was  a  native  of  Read- 
ing, Massachusetts,  where  he  was  born  November  2,  1 748, 
After  preparatory  studies,  he  was  admitted  a  member  of 
the  freshman  class  of  Harvard  College  in  1766.  During  his 
collegiate  life,  he  acquired  the  character  of  being  a  young 
nian  of  respectable  talents  and  good  habits.  He  was  much 
respected  by  his  instructors,  and  by  the  most  deserving  of 
his  contemporaries.  In  literary  attainments,  he  ranked 
above  a  great  proportion  of  his  class,  and  as  a  Hebrician, 
was  equalled  by  no  one.  He  received  the  first  honors  of 
the  University  in  1770;  and  soon  after  commenced  the 
study  of  Theology  with  Rev.  Thomas  Haven,  the  minister 
of  his  native  parish ;  a  gentleman  of  profound  erudition, 
but  most  distinguished  by  the  mildness  and  gentleness  of  his 
temper ;  by  his  humble  submission  and  patience  under  the 
heavy  afflictions  with  which  he  was  visited.  From  the  shin- 
ing example  of  such  a  man,  as  well  as  from  his  theological 
instruction,  Dr.  Burnap  probably  derived  impressions,  which 
he  found  to  be  of  eminent  service  through  his  ministry. 
Men  often,  imperceptibly,  catch  something  of  the  spirit  and 
manner  of  those  to  whom  they  stand  closely  connected  by 
the  cords  of  friendship.  They  are  thereby,  and  not  unfre- 
quently,  led  to  adopt  the  same  mode  of  thinking  and  acting 
through  life. 

Dr.  Burnap  commenced  preaching  as  a  candidate  at  Mer- 
rimack early  in  the  spring  of  1772 ;  a  church  was  organiz- 
ed September  5th,  and  he  was  ordained  the  14th  of  Octo- 
ber following.  In  1773,  he  received  his  second  degree  at 
Cambridge.  About  this  time,  he  was  united  in  matrimony, 
with  a  Miss  Hopkins  of  his  native  town.  She  deceased  in 
a  few  months  after.  Some  time  after  her  death,  he  entered 
again  into  the  married  life,  with  Miss  Elizabeth  Brooks,  of 
Medford,  Mass.  sister  to  the  present  Gov.  Brooks.  She  liv- 
ed until  May,  1810.  By  her  he  had  thirteen  children; 
six  sons  and  seven  daughters. — One  son  graduated  at  Har- 
vard College  in  1799,  and  another,  his  youngest,  is  now  pur- 
suing his  collegiate  studies  at  the  same  institution. 

In  1813,  he  received  from  his  Alma  Mater,  the  honorary- 
degree  of  Doctor  in  Divinity,  a  distinction  never  before 
conferred  on  any  clergyman  in  the  county  of  Hillsborough. 
Dr.  Burnap,  at  his  death,  had  been  the  longest  settled  of 
any  minister  in  this  state.     He  officiated  nearly  fifty  years 


Rev.  Jacob  Bitmap,  D.  D,  77 

in  his  own  pulpit.  After  his  induction  into  the  sacred  of- 
fice,he  preached  fifty  annual  thanksgiving  sermons  to  his  own 
people. 

The  most  prominent  traits  of  Dr.  Buj-nap's  character  are 
thus  delineated  by  the  Rev.  Mr.  Moore,  in  the  sermon  at  his 
funeral. 

"  The  faculties  of  his  mind  were  strong  and  well  propor- 
tioned. His  understanding  was  clear  and  quick  in  its  oper- 
ations.    His  reason  was  strong  and  conclusive. 

"His  judgment  was  sound  and  correct.  His  memory  was 
retentive.  These  powers  were  well  cultivated  and  well  dis- 
ciplined. He  could  command  the  resources  of  his  mind, 
and  bring  them  to  bear  upon  almost  any  subject  Avithin  the 
sphere  of  his  office.  He  w-as  remarkable  for  patience  of 
thought,  by  which  he  was  peculiarly  qualified  for  investiga- 
tion. He  could  dwell  on  subjects  till  light  collected  and 
truth  appeared.  With  these  mental  faculties,  he  was  quali- 
fied for  distinction  in  any  department  of  science,  and  in  al- 
most any  office.  But  from  principle  he  chose  to  devote  his 
talents  to  the  science  of  religion,  and  to  the  office  of  Christian 
Pastor.     For  this  station  he  was  more  peculiarly  calculated. 

"  He  was  mighty  in  the  Scriptiires.  He  made  them  his  study. 
From  this  treasure  he  filled  his  mind  and  refreshed  his  heart. 
He  was  well  acquainted  with  the  original  languages,  in  which 
the  Old  and  New-Testament  were  written  ;  and  he  was  fa- 
miliar with  the  best  commentators.  But  few  could  be  com- 
pared v;ith  him  in  respect  to  a  knoA\  ledge  of  Biblical  Criti« 
cism  ;  and  it  was  a  disparagement  of  no  one's  understanding 
to  consult  him  on  difficlilt  passages  of  the  Scriptures. 

"  With  this  degree  of  knowledge,  it  might  be  expected  he 
would  bring  forth  from  his  treasure  things  new  and  old  for 
the  improvement  of  his  people.  As  a  preacher,  he  was 
scriptural.  He  proved  his  doctrine  from  the  same  source, 
from  which  he  took  it.  He  considered  the  Bible  the  best 
expositor  of  itself.  He  avoided  those  controverted  subjects 
and  abstruse  speculations,  which  have  perplexed  but  never 
enlightened  the  mind  ;  which  have  agitated,  but  never  calm- 
ed the  world.  In  his  sermons  he  was  methodical  ;  and  his 
style  was  perspicuous.  So  natural  and  clear  was  his  train 
of  thought,  that  it  was  easy  to  follow  him  as  he  developed 
and  applied  his  subject.  His  discourses  were  calculated  to 
enlighten  the  mind,  affect  the  heart,  and  improve  the  life. 
His  devotions  indicated  a  heart  warmed  with  piety  ;  and,  on 
special  occasions,  they  were  remarkably  appropriate.  In  his 
ministerial    intercourse   with  his  people,  he  knew  how  to 


78  Rev.  Jacob  Burnap,  D.  D, 

adapt  his  discourse  and  deportment  to  the  different  ages  and 
conditions  of  life. 

"  In  the  performance  of  social  duties,  he  exemplified  the 
relig;ion,  which  he  taught.  He  was  upright  in  his  dealings 
and  obliging  in  difficulties.  He  was  affable  to  all,  and  still 
supported  the  dignity  of  his  station.  He  was  cheerful  in  his 
deportment,  and  proved  that  religion  was  not  wrapt  in  shades 
and  fi-owns,  but,  like  its  divine  Author,  sheds  light,  and 
peace  and  happiness  wherever  it  dwells.  In  his  family  he 
was  a  pattern  of  parental  affection  and  instruction  ;  and  his 
children  give  evidence  that  his  labor  was  not  in  vain. 

"  His  light  and  usefulness  were  not  confined  within  the  lim- 
its of  his  particular  charge.  He  was  often  called  abroad, 
for  ministerial  labor.  As  a  member  of  ecclesiastical  coun- 
cils for  the  settling  of  difficulties  and  promoting  the  good  or- 
der of  the  churches,  his  knowledge  of  church  discipline, 
his  spirit  of  peace  and  prudence,  qualified  him  for  extensive 
usefulness. 

"  He  was  a  man  of  uncommon  patience.  In  the  course  of  a 
long  ministry  he  met  many  obstacles,  hardships,  and  severe 
afflictions.  Those,  which  he  could  not  surmount,  or  avoid, 
he  endured,  not  with  stoic  apathy,  but,  apparently,  with 
christian  resignation.  He  viewed  the  hand  of  God  in  all  his 
trials  ;  and  in  his  patience  he  possessed  his  soul.  The  senti- 
ment of  his  heart,  like  the  language  of  Job,  was,  "Shall  we 
receive  good  at  the  hand  of  God,  and  shall  we  not  receive 
evil  ?" 

"  We  should  leave  a  chasm  in  the  character  of  the  deceased, 
if  we  did  not  bear  testimony  to  his  candor  and  christian 
charity.  He  was  a  friend  of  free  and  extensive  inquiry. 
He  was  willing  that  every  subject  in  divinity  should  be  tried 
by  fair  argument  in  the  light  of  revelation.  He  maintained 
the  rights  of  private  judgment.  He  was  willing  that  others 
should  enjoy  the  same  privilege  of  examination  and  discus- 
sion, which  he  enjoyed  himself.  In  his  doctrinal  sentiments, 
he  was  probably  alike  removed  from  the  two  prevailing  ex- 
tremes of  the  present  day.  In  his  disposition  and  feelings, 
he  was  probably  alike  removed  from  the  bigotry  and  intol- 
erance of  the  excesses  of  orthodoxy,  and  the  bigotry  and  in- 
tolerance of  modern  liberality.  Where  he  found  a  chris- 
tian life,  he  was  unwilling  to  deny  there  was  a  christian 
creed.  His  mind  was  too  well  informed,  his  heart  was  too 
much  enlarged,  to  confine  all  religion  within  the  bounds  of 
his  own  denomination." 


Dr.  Nathaniel  Amts.  79 

The  following  is  a  list  of  Dr.  Burnap's  publications. 

1.  A  sermon  on  the  National  Fast,  April  25,1799.  '  2.  E- 
Icction  sermon  at  Hopkinton,  June  4,1801.  3.  Sermon  on 
the  death  of  Samuel  Chandler,  March  2,  180G.  4.  Sermon 
at  the  funeral  of  Robert  Moore  Davidson,  March  23,    1803. 

6.  Oration  on  Independence  at  Dunstable,  1803.  6.  Ser- 
mon at  the  Funeral  of  Robert  Parker,  Esq.  Jan.  17,  1809. 

7.  Thanksgiving  sermon,  Nov.  1811.  8.  Sermon  at  the  fun- 
eral of  "Widow  Sarah  Spaulding,  Samuel  and  Joanna  Spaul- 
ding,Aprill2,  1815.  9.  Sermon  at  the  funeral  of  Rev.Joseph 
Kidder,  of  Dunstable,  Sept.  8,  1818.  10.  Sermon  at  Mer- 
rimack, Jan.  3,  1819.  11.  Sermon  at  Merrimack,  Dec.  22, 
1820,  being  two  centuries  from  the  first  settlement  of  New- 
England Besides  these  publications,  Dr.  Burnap  left  four- 
teen sermons  prepared  for  the  press. 


DR.  AMES,  THE  NEW-ENGLAND  ASTRONOMER. 

Dr.  Nathaniel  Ames,  grandfather  of  the  celebrated  Fish- 
er Ames,  was  one  of  the  most  distinguished  physicians  and 
mathematicians  of  New-England.  He  was  born  in  the  year 
1708,  and  spent  his  life  in  Dedham,  Massachusetts.  He 
published  an  almanack  forty  years  successively,  which  was 
so  highly  reputed,  that  no  other  almanacks  were  for  many 
years  saleable  in  New-England,  and  very  few,  from  the 
year  1736  to  1765  are  to  be  met  with,  but  the  one  which  he 
published.  He  received  his  instruction  in  astronomy  prin- 
cipally from  his  father,  a  native  of  Bridgewater,  Mass.  born 
in  1677,  and  died  in  1736,  who  was  a  self-taught  genius. 
There  is  a  tribute  to  his  memory  written  by  his  son,  and 
and  is  published  in  his  almanack  for  1737.  That  some  idea 
may  be  formed  of  the  poetry  of  that  period,  we  are  indu- 
ced to  give  this  tribute  of  affection  entire. 


He's  dead  ! 


His  great  Seraphick  Genius  now  is  fled. 

The  melancholy  News  has  reacti'd  your  Ear* 

Douhtlesb  before  this  little  Tract  appears, 

But  since  his  labors  first  inatur'd  its  Birlh, 

It  is  but  Justice  here  to  mourn  his  Death. 

I  in  Lis  arms  from  Evening  Dews  preserv'd, 

The  wand'ring  Glories,  over-head,  observed  : 

Scarce  pip'd  the  shell,  ere  his  too  fond  Desires 

My  Talent  in  this  public  Way  requires. 

When  puzzled,  I  could  unto  him  repair. 

Who  knew  the  Heav'ns  as  if  be  had  dwelt  there  ; 


80  "  Harvey  Birch,''''  and  David  Gray. 

Irnbolden'd  thus,  I  ventured  on  the  Stage, 

And  run  the  risque  of  carping  Criticks'  Rage. 

But  now  he's  gone  !  Urania,  O  make  I 

Me,  me,  thy  Son  !  For  thy  Beloved's  sake, 

Bear  the  Deceased  upon  thy  Wings  !  O  Fame, 

Among  the  Astronomers  give  him  a  Name  : 

For  if  Pythagoras  believ'd  had  been, 

Men  might  have  thought  great  JVewton's  Soul  in  him. 

But  hold  :  If  him  I've  prais'd  in  what  IVe  done, 

It,  may  be  called  immodest  for  a  Son  : 

But  Gratitude  extorts  from  me  his  due. 

And  Envy  owns  that  what  I've  writ  is  true." 

Dr.  Ames  died  in  1 765.  He  had  made  the  calculations 
of  his  almanaek  for  the  ensuing  year.  The  almanack  was 
published  as  his,  and  so  attached  were  all  classes  of  people 
to  the  name,  that  the  demand  was  great  for  all  that  was  prin- 
ted. 


''  HARVEY  BIRCH,"  AND  DAVID  GRAY. 

Davii>  Gray,  a  revolutionary  soldier,  who  lately  applied  to  the  legis- 
lature of  Massachusetts  for  remuneration  for  extraordinary  services 
during  the  war  for  independence,  was  a  native  of  Lenox  in  Massachu- 
setts. The  incidents  of  his  life,  which  correspond  in  many  particulars 
with  the  character  of  Harvey  Birch,  in  the  popular  novel  of  the  ''•  Spy," 
are  thus  related  by  the  editor  of  the  New-England  Galaxy  : 

"  He  served  under  Col.  Allen,  atTiconderoga,  in  1775,  on 
which  occasion  he  received  a  small  present  from  Colonel 
Allen,  on  account  of  the  gallantry  he  had  manifested  ;  was, 
in  different  regiments,  actively  engaged  in  service  till  1777, 
when  he  entered  the  first  regiment  of  Massachusetts,  com- 
manded by  Colonel  Vose.  He  continued  in  this  regiment 
three  years.  On  the  second  of  January,  1 780,  he  was  trans- 
ferred, by  superior  orders,  to  the  quarter-master's  depart- 
ment ;  and  it  is  at  this  time  that  his  uncommon  adventure? 
begin.  On  account  of  the  intelligence  he  displayed  in  detect- 
ing a  line  of  tories  and  loyalists,  which  extended  from  Cana- 
da to  New-York,  he  was  made  known  to  General  Washing- 
ton, and  employed  by  him,  in  secret  service-  For  this 
purpose  he  was  furnished  with  a  pass,  authorizing  the  bear- 
er to  pass  all  lines  and  out-posts  whatever  of  the  American 
army,  and  also  with  a  captain's  commission.  Gray  went  to 
Connecticut  and  Long-Island ;  was  introduced,  as  a  trusty 
and  useful  person,  to  Col.  RolDinson,  at  that  time  at  the  head 
«f  a  body  of  loyalists,  known  by  the  name  of  the  Ameri- 


American  Antiquities.  81 

can  Legion  ;  and  was  employed  by  him  to  carrj''  letters  to 
loyalists  in  New- York,  Vermont,  Ncw-IIampshirc  and  Con- 
necticnt.  Gray  first  delivered  these  letters  to  the  Comman- 
der in  Chief  of  the  American  Army,  and  then,  by  his  direc- 
tions, he  carried  them  to  their  proper  addresses.  He  was 
employed  a  year  in  this  kind  of  service.  He  was  after- 
wards employed  by  General  Clinton,  and  was  sent  by  him 
to  Canada  with  despatches;  upon  which  occasion  he  made 
himself  very  useful  to  the  American  commander.  He  con- 
tinued in  this  capacity  of  a  double  spy,  assuming  various 
disguises  and  adopting  various  expedients,  both  to  conceal 
his  American  pass  and  the  dcsjialchcs  which  he  occasional- 
ly carried  from  both  parties,  till  September,  1781,  when  he 
was  sent  to  New-London  in  Connecticut  to  inform  Colonel 
Ledyard,  that  if  the  wind  was  favorable,  Arnold  would  at- 
tempt to  land  there  the  next  morning.  Arnold  accordingly 
appeared,  and  the  fort  in  which  Gray  was  stationed  hriving 
been  taken  by  the  British,  he  had  just  time  to  escape,  leav- 
ing his  papers  in  the  hands  of  the  American  commanding 
otficer.  This  was  the  end  of  his  services  as  a  spy.  At  the 
disbanding  of  the  army,  he  settled  and  married  in  Pennsyl- 
vania, and  has  lived  there  and  in  Vermont  to  the  present 
time. 


J^'otice  of  an  ancient  j\loimcf,  near  Wheeling,  Virginia, 

[From  Silliinan's  Journal  of  Science  and  Arts,  for  Jan.  1823  ] 

The  plain  on  which  this  mound  is  situated,  extends  back 
from  the  Ohio  river  about  a  mile  and  a  half,  is  of  a  semi- 
circular form,  open  towards  the  river,  but  enclosed  on  its 
back  part  by  high  hills.  It  is  nearly  level,  forming  a  beauti- 
ful site  for  a  town.  The  soil  is  a  yellowish  loam  mixed  with 
a  small  portion  of  clay  5  it  is  at  present,  rather  unproductive, 
having  been  nearly  exhausted  of  the  vegetable  mould  by 
several  years  cultivation.  The  principal  mound  stands 
about  an  eighth  of  a  mile  from  the  river,  nearly  in  the  cen- 
tre of  the  plain,  from  north  to  south.  The  form  of  this  re- 
markable tumulus  is  nearly  a  circle,  at  its  base,  converging 
gradually  like  a  cone,  but  terminating  abruptly. 

The  circumference  at  its  base,  is  about  two  hundred  and 
fifty  yards.  ,  The  summit  is  sunk  like  a  basin,  making  a  di- 
ameter from  verge  to  verge,  of  about  twenty  yards.  Judg- 
ing Iromthis  circumstance,  it  has  evidently  been  much  high- 
IT 


82  American  Antiquities* 

er  than  at  present,  but  this  is  also  evinced  by  the  immense 
quantity  of  soil  about  its  base,  which  has  been  washed  from 
its  sides  by  the  rains  of  ages.  Its  perpendicular  height  is 
now  nearly  seventy  feet  ;  the  slope  from  base  to  summit,  or 
verge  of  the  basin,  measures  about  one  hundred  and  twenty- 
four.  From  the  sunken  appearance  of  the  top,  and  the 
form  of  other  mounds  in  the  neighborhood,  it  is  reasonable 
to  conclude  that  its  perpendicular  was  once  twenty  or  thirty 
feet  higher. 

It  is  composed  of  a  soil  similar  to  that  of  the  plain  which 
surrounds  it,  but  there  arc  no  local  marks  to  determine  from 
whence  such  a  quantity  of  earth  could  have  been  taken,  as 
the  surface  of  the  plain  is  nearly  level.  The  mound  itself 
is  covered  with  trees,  consisting  of  white  and  black  oak, 
beech,  black  walnut,  white  poplar,  locust,  &c.  and  many  of 
them  are  of  a  large  size.  The  vegetable  mould  in  the  cen- 
tre of  the  basin,  is  about  two  feet  in  depth,  but  gradually  di- 
minishes on  each  side.  About  one  eighth  of  a  mile  distant 
on  the  same  plain,  in  a  northeasterly  direction,  are  three 
smaller  tumuli  of  similar  construction  ;  and  several  other 
small  ones  in  the  neighborhood.  Near  the  three  alluded  to, 
on  the  most  level  part  of  this  plain,  are  evident  traces  of  an- 
cient fortifications.  The  remains  of  two  circular  entrench- 
ments, of  unequal  size,  but  each  several  rods  in  diameter, 
and  communicating  with  each  other  by  a  narrow  pass,  or 
gateway,  are  to  be  seen,  and  also  a  causeway  leading  from 
the  largest  towards  the  hills  on  the  east,  with  many  other 
appearances  of  a  similar  nature,  all  exhibiting  marks  of  a 
race  of  men  more  civilized  than  any  of  the  tribes  found  in 
this  section  of  the  country  when  first  visited  by  Europeans. 

In  stamping  or  striking  with  a  club  on  the  top  of  this  huge 
heap  of  earth,  a  hollow,  jarring  sound  may  be  heard  and 
felt,  similar  to  that  which  we  feel  in  walking  heavily  on  a 
large  covered  vault. 

With  regard  to  the  object  of  these  structures,  it  is  now,  I 
believe,  pretty  well  asreed,  that  they  were  repositories  for 
the  dead.  A  good-  evidence  of  this  is,  that  a  substance  re- 
sembling decayed  bones  has  generally  been  found  in  those 
which  hare  been  opened,  with  implements  of  war  and  vari- 
ous articles  used  by  savage  nations.  Otherwise  v>e  have  no 
certain  data  ;  no  historical  facts  to  guide  us  in  our  enquiries 
into  this  subject.  Not  even  tradition,  for  the  tribes  inhabit- 
ing the  country  when  discovered  by  the  whites,  were  more 
ignorant,  if  possible,  of  the  origin  and  uses  ol  these  mounds, 
than  we  are. 


(83) 

FOR  THE  LITERARY  JOURNAL. 


^metican  Sfictcticfii* 


THE.  WIKTEU  EYEKliXG. 

I. 

THE  twinkling  fires,  that  gild  the  ethereal  arch, 
From  pole  to  pole,  resume  their  stellar  round, 
Along  the  burning  galaxy  they  march. 
And  through  its  realms,  their  countless  host  is  found. 
Anoa  exp  indiog  o'er  them  with  a  bound. 
The  Northern-light  shines  in  the  central  skies. 
In  yonder  moss-grown  tree,  (ill-boding  sound  1) 
The  famished  owl  begins  his  nightly  cries, 

And  through  the  dreary  wild,  the  wolf  on  errand  hies. 

II. 
Along  Cocheco's  cold  and  icy  face, 
On  Holland  skates,  and  some,  forsooth,  without, 
The  village  lads  each  other  gaily  chace  ; 
And,  ever  and  anon,  the  laugh,  the  shout 
Of  those,  who  tire  their  boon  companions  out, 
Or  pass  them  in  the  race,  bursts  to  the  sky. 
Aad  there  is  noise  and  revelry  about. 
Some  neighbor  lads  their  wits  at  jesting  try. 

Soma  tell  a  jocund  tale,  some  laugh  out  merrily. 
III. 
Yes,  it  is  true,  stern  Winter  has  a  charm, 
E'en  when  he  comes  in  tempest  and  in  cloud, 
And  through  his  trumpet  pours  the  wild  alarm.         "~^ 
His  step  is  on  the  mountains  ;  white  the  shroud, 
That  wraps  him,  and  where'er  he  treads,  aloud 
The  forests  roar,  the  shaken  villas  reel. 
And  yet  I  love  thee,  Winter  !  and  am  proud, 
To  revel  in  thy  madness,  and  to  feel 

New  thoughts,  emotions  new,  through  all  my  spirit  steal. 
IV. 
It  seems  the  solemn  knell  of  parted  days, 
What  time  I  hear  thee,  sighing  from  thy  cave; 
Then  saddening  memory  on  my  spirit  preys. 
And  shjides  of  gloomy  cypress  o'er  me  wave. 


84  AmLrican  Sketches. 

Of  days  and  years,  now  sunk  into  their  grave, 
The  vision  hastes  around  ;  and  thought  on  thought, 
Burning  returns  ;  till  heart  and  fancy  rave, 
And  feel  an  inward  tempest,  which  is  fraught, 

With  elements  as  wild,  as  thou  thyself  hast  brought. 
V. 
This  night  thou  comest  in  peace  !  How  pure  the  glow 
That  decks  the  brow  of  evening's  pensive  queen  I 
A  pile  of  silver  seem  the  hills  of  snow, 
Climbing  in  light,  and  loveliness  serene. 
Far  in  the  dreary  distance,  may  be  seen 
The  hoary  forests,  and  the  mountain  pile. 
Shut  to  the  door  1    The  wintry  breeze  is  keen 
And  'neath  the  Cottage  roof  repose  awhile. 

Where,  round  iis  blazing  hearth,  the  happy  inmates  smile. 
V[. 
The  fire  is  heaped  with  logs  and  limbs  of  trees, 
And  o'er  the  walls,  the  dancing  shadows  play. 
Without,  unheeded  is  the  vagrant  breeze, 
But  many  gird  the  hearth's  protecting  ray. 
Tkc  Patriarch  of  the  cot !    His  locks  of  gray, 
In  many  a  twine,  are  round  his  shoulders  spread. 
His  eye  beams  not,  as  in  his  younger  day. 
And  there's  a  polished  baldness  on  his  head, 

Yet  is  he  cheerful,  wise,  in  men  and  things  well  read. 
VIL 
His  wife  a  woman  was,  "  made  out  offire^^"* 
And  round  and  round,  her  rapid  wheel  did  flee, 
She  seemed  not  bora  to  wear  out,  or  to  tire, 
Though  she  in  years,  as  numerous  was  as  he, 
A  paragen  of  talk  and  industry. 
Among  the  number  was  a  neighbor  lad, 
Bound  out  to  service,  as  seemed  best  to  be ; 
His  mother,  she  was  poor,  and  gone,  his  dad, 

And  here  Dick  toiled  by  day,  and  bete  his  dwelling  had. 
"  VIII. 
And  there  were  sons,  and  daughters,  in  that  hall. 
Far  in  the  mountains  wild,  in  youth  they  grew. 
One  heart,  one  love,  one  feeling  had  they  all. 
With  tress  of  glossy  shade,  that  clustering  flew 
Around  a  neck,  which  matched  the  snow  in  htie. 
The  eldest  of  the  sister  train  was  there. 
And  round  the  hearth,  both  sons  and  daughters  drew, 
Of  looms  and  distaffs  these,  whate'er  their  care, 

Those  spake  of  buntings,  wilds,  and  mountains  drear  and  bare. 


The   Winter  Evening.  85 

IX. 

And  soon,  full  soon,  a  \vild  and  fearful  talc, 

Of  cinctured  chiefs,  of  ancient  times,  of  all 

The  burning's,  scalpings,  ambush,  shrieks,  and  wail, 

Of  old,  that  on  the  helpless  could  befal. 

Doth  shroud  their  minds  with  daikness,  as  a  pall. 

Arid  fills  the  melting'  eye  with  tears  of  woe, 

That  cruel  foes  should  murderer  enthral, 

And  bid  the  weak  and  half-expiring  go. 
Where  other  mountains  rise,  and  other  rivers  flow. 
X. 

Each  heart   was  hushed ;  the  sigh,  the  starting  tear 

Declared,  the  storj'  was  not  told  in  vain. 

Which  taught  the  listener,  when  in  bright  career, 

The  burning  stars  were  in  their  midnight  reign, 

Ho»v  rose  the  war-shout,  how  the  ambushed  train 

Rushed  forth  to  burn,  to  murder,  and  to  bind. 

As  leaves,  when  winds  at  aiitumn  sweep  the  plain. 

So  fell  the  old  and  young  of  human  kind. 
Where  through  the  Dover  hills,  Cocheco's  waters  wind. 
XI. 

He,  who  hath  strayed  on  Dover's  hills  and  vales, 

Hath  marked  the  windings  of  her  walled  tide, 

The  weary  gondolier,  the  distant  sails, 

The  uplands,  stretching  from  the  river  side, 

W^here  art  and  nature  have  together  vied, 

To  deck  the  rural  edifice,  will  deem 

The  spot,  where  foemen  fought  and  Waldron  died,    (1) 

As  yet  unsung,  no  unbefitting  theme. 
For  bard's  immortal  verse  and  all-creating  dream. 
XII. 

A  braver  heart  than  Waldron's  none  could  bear  ; 

Professing  love,  and  shunning  open  fight, 

The  red-men  trapped  the  lion  in  his  lair. 

Had  they  but  given  his  veteran  sword  its  right, 

They  wowld  not  thus  have  conquered  on  that  night. 

Mesandowit  first  one  gash  across  liis  breast. 

Oped  with  his  polished  axe,  (a  fearful   sight !) 

The  smoking  blood  hot  from  the  opening  pressed. 
The  deed  the  chief  had  done  was  practised  by  the  rest. 
XIII. 

Each  one  exclaimed,  "  Pll  cut  out  my  account," 

Then  spear,  or  tomahawk,  with  vengeance  rife, 

Gashed  in,   as  if  'twere  of  a  large  amount  ; 

And  thus  they  held  the  cruel,  bloody  strife, 


8S  American  Sketches. 

And  practised  on  the  famous  Waldron's  life. 
Oue  cut  him  on  the  breast,  one  on  the  head, 
One  through  the  arm  run  his  long-,  glistening'  knife, 
From  hands  and  face  he   prodigally   bled, 

And  o'er  his  sable  coat,  the  gore  was  streaming  red. 
/  XIV. 

The  lightning  glances  faded  from  his  eye, 
Down  from  his  looks  the  living  spirit  fell, 
E'en  the  dark  foemen  trembled  to  see  him  die, 
While  round  their  feet,  as  from  a  gusbing  well, 
They  viewed  the  torrents  from  his  bosom  swell. 
No  sigh,  no  groan,  no  tear-drop  found  its  way, 
All  calmly  from  its  earthly  citadel, 
"  Its  broken  walls  and  tenement  of  clay," 

The  spirit  took  its  flight  far  to  the  realms  of  day. 
XV. 
Nor,  Lovewell,  was  thy  memory  forgot  !    (2) 
Who  through  the  trackless  wild  thy  heroes  led. 
Death,  and  the  dreadful  torture  heeding  not, 
Mightst  thou  thy  heart-blood  for  thy  country  shed, 
And  serve  her  living,  honor  her,  when  dead. 
Oh,  Lovewell,  Lovewell,  nature's  self  shall  die, 
And  o'er  her  ashes  be  her  requiem  said. 
Before  New-Hampshire  pass  thy  story  by. 

Without  a  note  of  praise,  without  a  pitying  eye. 
XVL 
Shame  on  the  grovelling  and  ignoble  soul, 
That  loves  not,  thinks  not  of  the  olden  time, 
Before  whose  mind,  its  circles  never  roll. 
Who  sneers  to  see  its  heroes  live  in  rhyme  ! 
The  wreath,  the  muse  has  wove  in  many  a  clime, 
Shall  not  that  blooming  wreath  be  twined  again  ? 
Shall  none  be  found  to  pour  the  song  sublime  ? 
Shall  none  arise,  and  chant  the  muse's  strain. 

For  those,  who  gave  their  life,  our  choicest  good  to-gain  ? 
XVII. 
Think  ef  Miles  Standish,  who  more  brave  than  he  ? 
The  noble  Pepperell,  (honored  be  his  name  !) 
Of  Walter  Raleigh's  soul  of  chivalry. 
And  others  worthy  of  the  trump  of  fame. 
Oh,  think  of  such,  and  be  it  not  our  shame. 
That  men  of  worth  should  be  so  soon  forgot, 
Whose  daring  arm  the  savage  foe  could  tame, 
Nor  this  their  epitaph,  their  bumbling  lot. 

They  lived  in  glory  oQce,  but  are  remembered  Qot> 


The  Winter  Evening.  87 

XVIII. 

Hark  !    Softly  opens  yonder  oaken  door. 

And  tali,  of  slender  make,  there  enters  in 

A  nymph  well  known,  though  low  in  lot  and  poor, 

For  virtues,  that  exalt,  and  charms,  that  wifl. 

They  grasp  her  hand,  as  if  she  were  their  kin. 

And  there  are  smiles,  which  false  hearts  never  own. 

Soon  other  joys,  and  other  tales  begin, 

Thk  passing  news  is  round  the  hearth  made  known, 
Anon  the  darker  scenes,  that  memory  drew,  are  flown. 

XIX. 

Dick  in  bis  corner  sits  with  wondering  stare. 

His  ragged  elbow  on  his  knee,  and  eke 

His  hand  has  propped  his  chin,  and  here  and  tliere, 

Of  smut  and  dirt  irregular  letters  streak 

The  surface  of  his  plump  and  steadfast  check. 

Determined  all  that's  said  and  done,  to  hear. 

Though  on  him  they  their  gibes  and  laughter  wreak, 

Unmoveil  by  scoffing  and  unawed  by  fear. 
He  at  himself  doth  laugh,  for  others  sheds  the  tear. 
XX. 

He's  ragged,  but  he  does'nt  care  for  that. 

Has  no  g-reat  knowledge,  been  not  oft  to  school, 

Has  lost  a  moiety  both  of  coat  and  hat. 

And  smutty  goes,  as  if  'twere  done  by  rule.       ^ 

Some  call  him  sloven,  and  some   dub  him  fool, 

Yet  when  they  name,  bow  his  old  grand-sire  fell, 

Who  would  not  stoop  to  be  the  tyrant's  tool. 

His  bosom  throbs  with  patriotism  swell. 
And  much  he  feels  in  sooth,  more  than  bis  lips  can  tell. 
XXI. 

"  A  ride  !"     That  word  is  hardly  said,  'tis  done. 

The  sleigh  is  ready,  all  go  out  to  ride, 

Crouded   and  piled  together,  all  as  one  ; 

Soon  through  the  distant  woods  they  swiftly  glide. 

Then  seek  the  plains,  then  climb  the  mountain's  side, 

And  all  admire  the  splendors  of  the  night, 

The  stars  that  give  the  galaxy  its  pride. 

The  overhanging  cliffs,  in  robes  of  white. 
The  chaste,  unclouded  moon,  that  sheds  o'er  all  her  light. 
XXII. 

The  cracking  thong,  (he  tramp,  the  bell's  rude  chime, 
•  The  owl  have  frightened  from  his  leafless  bower. 

Where  hooting  oft  at  midnight's  "  witching  time," 

His  song  has  added  terror  to  that  hour  ; 


88  American  Sketches* 

The  wilt!  fawn  lifts  his  arching  head  to  hear, 
Hig-h  on  his  cliffs  ;  dreading  the  hunter's  power, 
The  Uare  starts  suddenly  away  with  fear, 

Then  crouching'  to  the  ground,  erects  his  sentinel  ear. 
XXIIl. 
Far  other  was  the  night,  whose  whirlwinds  loud 
Tossed  through  the  troubled  air  the  restless  snow  ; 
Along  the  welkin  rolled  the  angry  cloud, 
And  breaking  forests  uttered  sounds  of  woe. 
Beside  'Siogee's  shore,  with  footsteps  slow. 
That  night,  a  hunter  did  his  way  pursue. 
Cold  o'er  his  track,  the  stormy  tempests  blow. 
No  cot  was  near,  his  strength  that  might  renew. 

His  hands  to  ice  were  froze,  his  cheeks  to  marble  grew. 
XXIV. 
Pierced  with  the  cold,  and  wearied  with  the  way 
He  bowed  his  head,  like  one  that  soon  shall  die. 
For  life  was  breaking  from  its  bouse  of  clay. 
And  light  was  stealing  from  his  glassy  eye. 
And  yet  he  had  a  home,  a  wife,  and  nigh 
His  cheerful  hearth,  were  lovely  children  twain. 
No  more  their  heads  shall  on  his  bosom  lie, 
No  more  he'll  press  their  ruddy  lips  again. 

Cold  is  the  hunter's  breast  upon  the  distant  plain; 
XXV. 
A  pile  of  skias  was  bound  upon  his  back, 
And  one  might  see,  where  laid  that  hunter  dead. 
Those  skins  all  flopping  in  the  whirlwind's  track ; 
Loud  brayed  the  gray  moose,  as  with  crackling  tread, 
He  trotted  by,  and  curved  his  antlered  head. 
And  where  the  pines,  and  where  the  yew-trees  wave, 
Aloud  the  owlets  sung  their  requiem  dread. 
The  wolf,  with  fearful  eye,  looked  from  his  cave, 

Cold  is  the  hunter's  breast,  afar  his  wintry  grave. 
XXVI. 
Ye  yeomtn  of  our  country  !  while  around 
The  blazing  hearth  the  festive  hours  ye  wear, 
With  every  bliss,  with  every  honor  crowned, 
Think  of  the  sons  of  sorrow  and  despair  ! 
For  them  a  tear,  for  them  a  pittance  spare. 
Turn  not  the  houseless  wanderer  from  your  shed, 
Do  not  the  wrath  of  righteous  heaven  dare. 
By  not  partaking  of  your  cup  and  bread. 

With  him,  who  has  not  where  to  lay  his  hapless  head. 


The  Winter  Evening.  89 

XXVII. 

Remember,  while  Ihe  best  of  eprlh's  is  your's, 

Others  may  led  the  s'ormy,  piercing-  blast, 

And  he,  who  goes  with  sorrow  from  your  doors, 

That  hour,  that  night,  perhaps,  may  he  his  last  ; 

Do  not,  I'owe'er  your  worllly  lot  be  cast, 

Ye  freeborn  tennntsof  Free.Joniaa  hills, 

Forj^et  the  kind  injunctions,  that  have  pasi, 

From  riim,  whose  hand  the  hungry  raven  stills, 
Fjr  you,  who  spreads  that  roof,  for  you  that  granary  fills. 
XXVIII. 

Bill  wh'thcrbsnds  the  muse  her  wayward  flight  ? 

'Tis  waxing  late,  Khe  stars  are  hasting  prone. 

And  Dick,  the  toilsome  bo}',  'mid  shades  of  night. 

Forth  issuing  from  the  humble  cot  alone, 

(First  having  bound  his  needful  buskins  on,) 

To  climb  the  mow,  the  waiting  herd  to  feed, 

With  tyger  at  his  heels,  has  whistling  gone. 

And  even  the  moonlight  in  his  looks  can  read 
The  dread  of  stalking  ghosts,  or  some  dark,  woful  deed. 
XXIX. 

For  he  had  heard,  how,  many  a  year  ago, 

Where  rough  Newichawannock  swells  his  tide, 

When  all  the  beauteous  stars  began  to  glow. 

And  shed  their  radiance  o'er  the  heavens  wide, 

A  cottager  by  ambushed  foe  espied, 

Close  by  his  barn,  by  Indian  bow  was  shot, 

And  weltering  in  his  gushing  heavt-blood  died. 

"  Alas  I"  he  said,  ^'  how  hard,  how  hard  his  lot  I" 
And  though  such  deeds  were  o'er,  he  could  forget  thenr»  not. 
XXX. 

Nor  soon,  in  sooth,  will  youthful  wight  forget ; 

Such  tales  have  been  my  charmers  many  an  eve, 

Upon  my  mind  are  brightly  pictured  yet, 

And  long  as  life,  shall  to  that  memory  cleave. 

Once  did  my  throbbing  bosom  deep  receive 

The  sketch,  which  one  of  Passaconaway  drew.    (3) 

Well  may  the  muse  his  memory  retrieve 

From  dark  oblivion,  and,  with  pencil  true, 
Retouch  (hat  picture  strange,  with  tints  and  honors  due. 
XXXI. 

He  said,  that  Sachem  once  to  Dover  came. 

From  Penacook,  when  eve  was  setting  in  ; 

With  plumes  his  locks  were  dressed,  his  eyes  shot  flame, 
12 


90  American  Sketches, 

He  struck  his  massy  club  with  dreadful  diu, 
That  oft  had  made  the  ranks  of  battle  thin  ; 
Around  his  copper  neck  terrific  hung^ 
A  tied- together,  bear  and  catamount  skin, 
The  curious  fishbones  o'er  his  bosom  swung-, 

And  thrice  the  Sachem  danced,  and  ihrice  the  Sachem  sung. 
XXXII. 
Strange  man  was  he  !    'Twas  said,  he  oft  pursued 
The  sable  bear,  and  slew  him  irj  his  den, 
That  oft  he  howled  through  many  a  pathless  wood, 
And  many  a  taagled  wild,  and  poisonous  fen, 
That  ne'er  was  trod  by  other  mortal  men. 
The  craggy  ledge  for  rattle  snakes  he  sought, 
And  choaked  them  one  by  one,  and  then 
O'ertook  the  tall  gray  moose,  as  quick  as  thought, 

And  then  the  mountain  cat  he  ch;iced,  and  chacing  caught. 
XXXIII. 
A  wondrous  wight !     For  o'er  'Siogee\  ice. 
With  brindled  wolves,  all  harnessed  three  and  three, 
High  seated  on  a  sledge,  made  in  a  trice, 
On  mount  Agiocochook,*  of  hickory. 
He  lashed  and  reeled,  and  sung  right  jollily  ; 
And  once  upon  a  car  of  flaming  fire. 
The  dreadful  Indian  shook  with  fear,  to  see 
The  king  of  Penacook,  his  chief,  his  sire. 

Ride  flaming  up  towards  heaven,  than  any  mountain  higher. 
XXXIV. 
Those  youthful  days  are  gone  !  snd  with  them  fled 
The  scenes,  the  sports  that  soothed  mj  simple  heart, 
Yet  still  those  scenes  their  genial  ray  sb?ll  shed, 
To  charm  the  careless  hour,  to  sooth  the  smart 
Of  disappointment's  sting,  and  sorrow's  dart ; 
Oft  will  I  muse,  and  shed  the  willing  tear. 
O'er  the  loved  plains,  whence  fortune  bade  me  part, 
Recal  the  happy   faces  once  so  dear, 
-      Recal  THE  WINTER  EVE,  and  all  its  social  cheer. 


*  The  Indian  name  applied  to  the  White  Mountains.  There  is  a  curious  tradi- 
tion, preserved  in  Josselyn's  New-England,  of  the  veneration  of  the  Indians  for 
the  summits  of  these  mountains.  They  considered  them  tlie  dwelling  places  of 
invisible  beings,  and  never  ventured  to  ascend  them.  They  had  also  a  tradition,  that 
the  whole  country  was  once  drowned,  with  all  its  inhabitants,  except  one  Indian 
with  his  wife,  who,  foreseeing  the  flood,  fled  to  these  mountains,  were  preserved, 
and  afterwards  re-peopled  the  country — Editors. 


(91) 
NOTES, 

By  THE   EDITORS    OF    THE   JOURNAI.. 

Stanza  XI. 

( 1 )  "  The  spot  where  fotmen fought,  and  Waldron  died." 

The  brave  Major  Wai.uiion,  of  Cocheco,  now  Dover,  was  killed  on 
the  27lli  of  June,  1689.  The  Indians  of  the  neig'hhorhood,  though  on 
terms  of  amity  with  the  iniiabitants,  had  for  a  long  time  been  maturing' 
a  project  of  roveng-e,  more  particularly  against  Waldron,  for  wliom 
thev  cherished  an  inextinguishable  hatred.  Previous  to  the  fatal  night, 
some  hints  iiad  been  tlirown  out  by  the  squaws,  but  they  were  eitlier 
misunderstood  or  disregarded  ;  and  the  people  suffered  them  to  enter'  and 
sleep  in  their  garrisons  as  usual.  Mesandowit,  one  of  their  chiefs, 
went  to  Waldron's  garrison,  and  was  kindly  entertained,  as  usual. 
While  at  supper,  with  his  usual  familiarity,  he  said,  "  Brother  AValdron, 
what  would  you  do,  if  the  strmge  Indians  should  come?"  The  major 
carelessly  answered,  that  he  could  assemble  an  hundred  men,  by  lifting 
up  his  finger.  In  this  unsuspecting  confidence,  the  family  retired  to 
rest.  When  all  was  quiet,  the  squaws  in  the  garrison  opened  the  gates, 
gave  the  concerted  signal,  and  the  Indians  rushed  in,  and  proceeded  to 
the  major's  apartment,  which  was  an  inner  room.  Awakened  by  the 
noise,  he  jumped  out  of  bed,  and  though  now  advanced  in  life  to  the 
age  of  eighty  years,  he  retained  so  much  vigor  as  to  drive  them  with  his 
sword  through  two  or  three  doors  ;  but  as  he  was  returning  for  his  other 
arms,  they  came  behind  him,  stunned  him  with  a  hatchet,  and  after 
feasting  in  the  house,  they  cut  the  major  across  the  breast  and  belly 
with  kni'ves,  each  one  with  a  stroke  saying,  "  IHl  cross  out  my  account.  " 
After  various  tortures,  they  put  an  end  to  his  life  bj"^  forcing  him  upon 
his  own  sword.     See  Belknap's  JV.  H.  vol.  1,  /J,  199. 


Stanza  XV. 
(2)  "^  JYor,  Lovewell .'  loas  thy  memory  forgot.^' 
A  particular  accotmt  of  the  adventures  and  tragical  death  of  the 
trepid  Lovewell,  may  be  found  in  the  Collections/or  1822,2;.  25. 


Stanza  XXX. 
(3)  "  The  sketch.,  which  one  of  Passaconawaij  drew.'''' 
No  one  among  the  aboriginal  chiefs  in  the  early  settlement  of  New- 
England  possessed  and  exercised  greater  sway  over  the  Indians  than 
Pasaaconaway.  He  was  called  the  Great  Sagamore  of  Pannukog,  or, 
(as  it  is  more  commonly  pronounced,)  Penacook,  and  exercised  control 
over  nearly  all  the  Indians  in  New-Hampshire  south  of  th.e  northein 
extremity  of  lake  Winnepisiogee,  and  some  tribes  in  Massachusetts. 
To  him,  the  sachems  of  Squamscot,  Newichwannock,  Pawtuckct,  and 
several  inland  tribes  ackn.jwledged  subjection.  From  him,  the  Rev. 
Mr.  Wheelwright  derived  his  Indian  title  to  N.  H.  in  1629.  He  excel- 
led the  other  Indian  chiefs  in  sagacitj',  duplicity  and  moderation;  but 
bis  principal  qualification  was  his  skill  in  some  of  the  secret  operations 
of  nature,  which  gave  him  the  reputation  of  a  sorcerer,  and  extended 
his  I'ame  and  influence  among  all  the  neighboring  tribes.  They  be- 
lieved that  it  was  in  his  power  to  make  water  burn  and  trees  dance,  and 
to  metamorphose  himself  into  a  flame  ;  that  in  winter,  he  could  raise  a 
green  leaf  from  the  ashes  of  a  dry  one,  and  a  living  serpent  from  the 
skin  of  one  that  was  dead. 


92  Literary  Notices. 

Passaconaway  lived  till  1 660,  when,  at  a  great  dance  and  feast,  Le 
made  his  farewell  speech  toliis  children  and  people;  in  which,  as  a  dy- 
ing man,  he  warned  Ihem  to  take  heed  how  they  qvtarrelled  with  their 
English  neighbors  ;  for,  though  they  might  do  then  some  damage,  yet  it 
would  piove  the  means  of  Iheir  own  destsuction.  He  told  them  he  had 
been  a  bitter  enemy  to  the  English,  and  by  the  arts  of  sorcery  had  fried 
Lis  utmost  to  hinder  (heir  settlement  and  increases  but  could  by  no 
means  succeed.  This  caution,  perhaps,  often  repeated,  had  such  an  ef- 
fect, liiat  upon  thebreaking  out  of  the  Indian  war,  in  1675,  Wonolan- 
set,  his  son  and  successor,  withdrew  himself  and  his  people  into  some 
remote  place,  that  they  might  not  be  drawn  into  the  quarrel. — See  Bel- 
knap's Hist,  of  JV".  H.  ;  Hutchinson'' s  Hist,  of  Mass.  ;  Hubbard's  In- 
dian Wars,  and  Rev.  Mr.  Allen's  Hist,  of  Chelmsford. 


ILiitx^vvt^t^iitm. 


"  Walker''s  Critical  Pronouncing  Dictionary  and  Expositor  of 
the  English  Language.,  abridged.  To  which  is  added  an 
Abridgment  of  Walker''s  Key  to  the  Classical  Pronunciation 
of  Greek,  Latin.,  and  Scriptural  Proper  Names.'^'' — Publish- 
ed by  Blake,  Cutler  &l  Co.  Bellows-Falls,  Vt. 

Since  the  time  of  Dr.  Johnson,  a  host  of  lexicographers 
have  blessed  the  world  with  their  labors  ;  but  that  giant  of 
literature  left  nothing  for  his  successors  to  do,  numerous  as 
they  are,  but  what  might  be  compared  to  the  gleanings  of 
a  harvest.  This  observation,  however,  should  receive  some 
little  qualification  ;  for  if  he  left  comparatively  little  to  be 
done,  in  lexicography,  by  his  successors — if  he  moulded 
the  subject  into  form,  he  still  left  it  susceptible  of  a  higher 
polish — if  he  possessed  the  necessary  erudition  and  submit- 
ted to  unexampled  drudgery  in  disentangling,  explaining, 
and  arranging  the  English  U*aiguage,  yet  this  language  is  an 
ocean  so  vast,  that  a  perfect  chart  of  it  is  perhaps  never  to 
be  expected.  Moreover,  changes  in  orthography,  in  pro- 
nunciation, and  in  the  meaning  of  words,  will  continually 
take  place.  Nor  is  the  opinion  of  the  learned  Tookc  to  be 
received  as  orthodoxy,  that  we  can  in  no  case,  with  propri- 
ety, deviate  from  the  original  and  literal  meaning  of  the  rad- 
ical word  ;  nor  the  opinion  of  his  American  disciple,  at 
least  in  philological  eccentricity,  that  orthography,  in  every 
instance,  must  be  conformed  to  the  pronunciation,  without 
any  reference  to  the  orthography  of  its  radical.  Hence  the 
labors  of  those  who  beautify  the  edifice  reared  by  John- 
son,  although  small  compared  with  his,  are  certainly  necessa- 


Literary  J^otices.  9j 

ly.  Nor  can  we  look  with  iiuliflerence  upon  a  new  Dic- 
tionary ,dcsigned  only  for  common  schools  ;  and  the  one  nam- 
ed at  the  head  of  this  paragra{ih,  will  compare  well  with 
the  best  of  similar  publications.  We  have  not  examined  it 
critically  throughout  ;  but  from  the  parts  we  have  examined, 
and  from  the  known  ability  of  the  editor,  we  feel  safe  in  re- 
commending it  to  generaKise.  Indeed,  upon  the  principle 
admitted,  we  think  he  has  done  a  good  service  to  the  pub- 
lic. B. 

Morsels  School  Geography,  23(Z  edition.  Richardson  &  Lord, 

Bostoji. 

Few  individuals,  it  is  believed,  have  enjoyed  a  literary 
reputation  so  extensive  as'  Dr.  Morse — particular  ly  in  the 
science  of  geography,  to  which  a  great  portion  of  his  life 
has  been  devoted.  We  are  not  aware  that  all  his  efforts 
have  been  successful,  or  that  for  all  his  numerous  publica- 
tions, he  deserves  unqualified  commendation.  But  his  sys- 
tem of  geography  for  the  use  of  common  schools,  which  has 
had  an  extensive  sale  in  twenty-three  editions,  has,  in  the 
last,  been  rendered  extremely  correct  and  useful.  With  the 
aid  of  his  son,  Dr.  Morse  has  entirely  re-moulded  the  work, 
and  arranged  its  various  parts  in  a  manner  at  once  simple 
and  perspicuous — plain  to  the  understanding  of  the  scholar, 
and  interesting  to  the  reader.  The  addition  of  General 
Views,  embracing  a  review  of  preceding  studies,  and  of  a 
system  of  questions  running  throughout  the  work,  tend- 
ing to  fix  in  the  memory  of  the  scholar  all  the  material  out- 
lines of  the  science,  with  the  actual  condition  of  each  por- 
tion of  the  globe,  is  of  itself  sufficient  to  recommend  the 
work  to  the  favor  of  the  public.  The  Atlas  accompanying 
this  geography,  is  executed  in  a  finished  style  of  engravmg. 
and  with  a  good  degree  of  accuracy. 

English''s  Travels, — Wells  &  Lilly,  Boston,  have  just 
published  "  A  Narrative  of  the  Expedition  to  Dongola  and 
Senaar,  made  under  the  command  of  his  excellence  Ismael 
Pasha.  By  Geo.  Bethune  English.*'  This  gentleman,  af- 
ter receiving  a  literary  and  theological  education  at  Cam- 
bridge, commenced  public  preaching,  and  published  a  polem- 
ical work  in  theology.  A  few  years  since  he  abandoned  his 
clerical  profession,  and  received  a  commission  as  an  officer 
in  the  marine  corps.in  which  station  he  was  ordered  to  serve 
in  our  squadron  in  the  Mediterranean.  This  situation  he 
soon  resigned,  and  through  the  influence  of  Henry  Salt, Esq. 
British  Consul  General  in  Egypt,  was  appointed  by  JMehem- 


94  Littrary  Notices, 

mecl  Ali  Pasha,  Viceroy  of  Egypt,  to  be  Topgi  Bashi,  or 
Geiif'ralof  Artilhry,  under  the  command  of  Ismael  Posha, 
youngest  son  of  the  Viceroy,  in  an  expedition  to  conquer 
the  provinces  on  the  Nile,  from  the  Second  Cataract  to  Se- 
naar  inchisivo.  The  eccentric  genius  and  extraordinary 
adventures  of  this  young  man,  who  is  our  countryman,  will 
naturally  excite  considerable  attention  to  his  book. 

Maj.  H.  Lee,  son  of  Gen.  Lee  of  the  revolution,  has  pre- 
pared for  publication  a  tract  vindicating  the  character  of 
his  father,  as  a  soldier  and  scholar,  from  sundry  aspersions 
contained  in  Johnson's  Life  of  General  Greene. 

Original  Poems. — J.  B,  Moore,  Concord,  proposes  to  pub- 
lish by  subscription,"  The  Genius  of  Oblivion^  and  other  orig- 
inal poems.  By  a  Lady  of  New-Hampshire.''''  These  poems 
are  written  by  the  same  hand  which  furnished  "  'Ihe  Ad- 
dress to  ihe  „Yf,z«- y^flr,"  contained  in  our  last  number.  Most 
of  them  are  well  written,  and  all  are  creditable  to  the  taste 
and  skill  of  the  fair  author.  Necessity,  and  not  vanity,  has 
induced  her  to  consent  that  her  productions  should  be  sent 
to  the  press,  and  prompts  her  friends  to  solicit,  for  her 
benefit,  the  patronage  of  the  learned  and  generous.  The 
recent  death  of  her  husband  has  left  her  with  five  young 
children  without  means  for  their  support.  A  hope  is  now 
indulged,  that  the  amusement  of  happier  times  may  assist 
to  cheer  the  hours  of  adversity  and  dispel  the  darkness 
which  has  suddenly  overshadowed  the  destiny  of  her  chil- 
dren. We  trust  and  believe  that  those  who  patronize  this 
publication  will  be  fully  rewarded  iu  the  gratification  which 
its  perusal  will  afford  them ;  but  should  they  not,  they 
will  receive  a  more  delightful  recompense  in  the  conscious- 
ness of  having  rendered  assistance  where  assistance  is  need- 
ed. 

The  Historical  Reader,  designed  for  the  use  of  SchQols  and 
Families,  on  anew  plan.  By  Rev.  John  L.Blake,  A.M. 
This  school  book  is  now  in  the  press  of  George  Hough, 
Concord,  and  it  will  be  published  in  a  few  weeks.  We  have 
as  yet  had  the  opportunity  to  examine  a  small  portion  of 
the  work  only,  but  from  this  specimen  and  the  literary  quali- 
fications of  the  author,  we  have  no  doubt  that  it  will  be  ex- 
tensively useful.  The  following  extracts  from  the  Preface  to 
the  Reader  will  give  a  better  clue  to  the  design  of  the  work, 
than  we  could  otherwibe  offer. 


Literary  J^oiices*  95 

"  The  first  lessons  in  roaiJing  for  children  should  com- 
mend themselves  to  the  attention  by  signs  or  pictures  of  the 
objects  described  in  the  lessons.  Perhaps  natural  history  is 
the  mo.-^t  abundant  in  suiiabU^  subjcts  for  such  exercises,  al- 
though many  works  of  art  might  be  mentioned  as  well  cal- 
culated to  increase  the  variety.  Let  animals,  with  which 
children  are  usually  familiar,  be  the  sutgects  of  the  intro- 
ductory lessons  ;  and  when  these  are  used,  lot  others,  with 
which  they  arc  not  fa  miliar,  be  taken.  Such  a  course  of 
reading  lessoiiS  would  give  children,  in  a  comparatively  short 
time,  a  pretty  good  knowledge  of  this  part  of  natural  histo- 
ry. When  this  is  done,  and  a  good  proficiency  is  made  in 
the  art  of  reading,  history  may  well  be  made  the  subject  of 
the  next  class  of  reading  books  for  schools. 

"Instead  of  putting  into  the  hands  of  our  youth  a  con- 
nected summary  of  history  which  is  made  up  chiefly  of 
dates,  unless  it  be  for  regular  siudy,  give  them  a  volume  of 
extracts  describing  the  most  important  events  on  record. 
Such  extracts  W'Ould  abound  in  those  extraordinary  inci- 
dents, which  never  fail  to  captivate  the  elastic  and  expand- 
ing minds  of  the  young — which  never  fail  to  interest  all, 
whether  young  or  old,  who  read  them — incidents  which 
equal,  if  not  surpass,  the  utmost  etforts  of  im.agination  as  dis- 
played in  Romance.  Who  would  not  be  interested  with  the 
history  of  Tamerlane,  of  Ghenscis  Khan,  of  Mary  of  Scots, 
of  Charles  I.,  of  the  Crusades,  Discovery  of  America,  Cap- 
ture of  Montezuma,  Conquest  of  Mexico,  Plymouth  Colony, 
the  American  Revolution,  Bonaparte's  Campaign  in  Russia; 
and  of  numerous  other  parts  of  history  that  might  be 
named  ? 

"  If  persons, when  young,  become  well  acquainted  with  all 
such  portions  nf  history,  few  will  have  so  little  curiosity  as 
not  to  read  the  remaining  parts — to  fill  up  the  chasms — to 
connect  together  these  prominent  parts.  If  a  painter  were 
to  draw  a  landscape,  he  would  not  in  the  first  instance  form 
complete  a  single  object,  say  a  tree,  before  the  other  parts 
were  touched.  No,  he  would  mark  all  the  conspicuous  points, 
then  connect  these  points  together,  and  then  put  on  the  fin- 
ishing touches.  Or,  if  a  limner  were  to  exhibit  on  canvas 
a  human  form,  would  he,  at  first,  finish  a  leg  or  an  arm,  be- 
fore the  other  parts  were  begun  ?  No,  he  would  at  first 
sketch  all  the  prominent  parts,  then  unite  these  parts,  and 
afterwards  give  it  the  color  and  expression  of  life.  Much  in 
this  way,  it  will  be  perceived,  the  Author  would  recommend 
that  persons  acquire  a  knowledge  of  history." 


96  Literary  Notices. 

"  The  Pioneers,  or  The  Sources  of  the  Susquehanna^''  by 
Mr.  Cooper,  the  American  novelist,  has  made  its  appear- 
ance ;  and  from  the  eagerness  of  the  reading  public  to  pos- 
sess the  work,  a  large  edition  was  mostly  disposed  of  in  a 
few  days.  The  work  is  very  interesting,  and  will  contrib- 
ute much  to  raise  the  literary  reputation  of  our  country. — 
We  have  had  enough  of  "  fustian  romances  "  from  beyond 
the  sea.  Let  our  scholars  and  poets  follow  the  example  of 
the  author  of  the  "  Spj'-,"  and  glean  their  native  fields. 
Every  quarter  of  the  country  is  rich  in  materials,  and  af- 
fords a  great  variety  of  natural  and  moral  landscape.  The 
harvest  is  plenteous — the  laborers  are  indeed  few. 

The  N.  Y.  Commercial  Advertiser  states,  that  the  author 
of  the  Spy  has  another  work  nearly  ready  for  the  press,  to 
be  called  "T^e  PHot — a  tale  of  the  Sea.'''' — It  is  said  to  be  in 
such  a  state  of  forwardness,  that  it  will  be  published  in 
March  or  April. 

Wells  &  Lilly,  Boston,  have  just  published  the  '•'■Life  of 
James  Otis, by  William  Tudor,'''' — and  have  in  press  '■'■  Isabel- 
la,''^ a  novel,  and  "  Don  Carlos,''''  a  tragedy,  by  Lord  John 
Russel. 

Gushing  &  Appleton,  Salem,  have  just  published  the 
"Ruins  of  Pa3stum,  and  other  compositions  inverse." 

In  late  London  papers  are  advertised  "  The  Loves  of  the 
Angel>,"  by  T.  Moore ;  "  Travels  to  Chili,  over  the  Andes," 
by  Peter  Schmidtmeyei' ;  "  The  Three  Perils  of  Man,  or 
War,  Women,  and  Witchcraft,  a  border  romance,"  by  James 
Hogg  ;  and  the  Poetical  Works  of  Robert  Southey,  in  four- 
teen volumes,  octavo  ! 

Rev.  Mr.  Benedict,  of  Pawtucket,  who  is  preparing  a  his- 
tory of  all  religions,  requests  special  information  respecting 
Conventions,  Associations,  Ministers,  Communicants,  &:c.  of 
the  Congregational  order,  that  it  may  have  its  due  impor- 
tance in  the  proposed  publication. 

Rev.  Dr.  Burton,  Thetford,  Vt.  proposes  to  publish  a  vol- 
ume of  Essays  on  some  of  the  first  principles  of  Metaphysr 
ics,  Ethics  and  Theology.  They  will  be  published  at  Port- 
land, Me. 


APRIL,    1823. 

0 

FOR    THE    LITERARY    JOURNAL. 

sKirrcHEs  of  the  white  mountains. 

The  White  Mountains  are  situated  in  the  northerly  part  of 
the  state  of  New-Hampshire,  nnd  nearly  in  ihe  centre  of  the 
county  of  Coos.  I'he  latitude  of  the  highest  peak  is  44  deg. 
30  m.  north,  or  very  near  it.  Every  geographical  writer  in 
this  country,  and  some  beyond  the  Atlantic,  have  noticed 
these  mountains  ;  and  all  agree  in  assigning  to  them  a  great- 
er altitude  than  to  any  in  New-England,  if  not  in  the  United 
States.  Notwithstanding  this  acknowledged  fact,  no  two 
authors  agree  in  assigning  to  the  White  Mountains  the  same 
height.  Had  the  variation  between  them  been  trifling,  the 
public  might  have  rested  satisfied,  or  at  least,  have  taken  the 
accounts  given  by  them  as  correct.  But  when  they  differ 
in  the  single  circumstance  of  their  altitude,  more  than  three 
thousand  feet,  the  public  curiosity,  instead  of  being  gratified, 
is  perplexed,  and  seeks  for  somethmg  approaching  to  cer- 
tainty. 

As  to  the  causes  of  this  difference,  it  is  unnecessary  to  in- 
quire. But  it  is  believed  to  be  out  of  the  power  of  any  person, 
to  take  the  height  of  mountains  correctly,  especially  such 
as  the  White  Hills,  without  using  a  spirit  or  water  level. 
This  mode  is  so  long,  and  generally  so  laborious,  that  but 
few  persons  have  had  the  courage  to  undertake  it.  These 
difficulties  notwithstanding,  the  heights  of  the  White  Moun- 
tains were  so  taken  in  August  1 820,  by  John  W.  Weeks, 
Charles  J.  Stuart,  Richard  Eastman  and  Adino  N.  Brackett. 
To  accomplish  this  undertaking,  they  spent  seven  days  ;  and 
during  five  of  them  were  attended  by  Amos  Lyro,  Joseph 
W.  Brackett  and  Edward  B.  Moore.  The  w^hole  party  were 
from  Lancaster. 

13 


98  Sketches  of  the  White  Mountains. 

The  altitude  of  these  mountams  above  low  water  mark  in 
Connecticut  river  near  the  court  house  in  Lancaster,  with  the 
names  of  the  principal  peaks  will  first  be  given,  and  then 
some  sketches  of  the  mountains  themselves  as  they  were 
presented  to  the  eye,  while  taking  their  elevation. 

Mount  Washington  rises  above  the  river  at  the  place 

before  mentioned,  .....  ft.  5850 
Above  Austin's  in  Jefferson,  .         .         .  5450 

Above  Crawford's,  the  house  nearest  to  the  summit,  4781 
This  mountain  is  easily  distinguished  from  the  others,  by 
its  superior  elevation,  its  being  the  southern  ot  the  three 
highest  peaks,  and  other  marks  too  apparent  to  need  recital. 
Mount  Adams  rises  above  the  river  at  the  same  place 

to  the  height  of 5383 

It  is  known  by  its  sharp  terminating  peak,  and  being  the 
second  north  of  Mount  Washington. 

Mount  Jefferson,  situated  between  the  two  first,  rises      5281 
Mount  Madison,  known  by  its  being  the  eastern  peak 

of  the  range,  rises  to  the  height  of        ,         .  5039 

Mount  Monroe,  the  first  to  the  south  of  Mount  Wash- 
ington, rises  4932 

Mount  Franklin,  known  by  its  level  surface,  and  being 

the  second  south  of  Mount  Washington,         .  4470 

Mount  Pleasant,  or  Dome  Mountain,  known  by  its  con- 
ical shape,  and  being  the  third  south  of  Mount 
Washington,  4339 

Blue  pond,  hereafter  to  be  mentioned,  situated  at  the 
southern  base   of  Mount  Washington,   lies  above 

the  river  4578 

The  party  before  mentioned  continued  on  and  about  the 
mountains  five  days  ;  and  encamped  on  them  four  nights; 
two  of  which  were  passed  by  them,  without  any  other  cov- 
ering than  the  blankets  which  were  borne  along  by  their  at- 
tendants ;  and  the  jutting  rocks  with  which  the  mountains  a- 
bound.  The  rocks  and  damp  moss  also  furnished  their  rest- 
ing place,  and  the  heavens  their  canopy.  They  passed  the 
night  following  the  31st  day  of  August  1820,  within  ten  feet 
of  the  summit  of  Mt.  Washington,  an  elevation  above  the 
plain  of  Lancaster  of  nearly  six  thousand  feet.  It  is  be- 
lieved that  no  human  being  ever  before  passed  a  night  there. 
Nor  should  we,  had  two  of  our  party,  who  left  the  others  to 
explore  the  northern  peaks  of  the  range,  returned  in  season 
to  enable  us,    before    the  commencement  of  darkness,  to 


Sketches  of  the  White  Mountains,  99 

descend  the  mountain.  This,  under  the  existing  circum- 
stances, could  not  be  attempted  without  extreme  hazard. 
The  wind  blew  hard  from  the  southward,  and  clouds,  re- 
sembling the  densest  fogs  of  the  plain,  continually  rolled 
over  and  surrounded  us  ;  which  together  with  the  rapid  ap- 
proach of  night,  rendered  distinct  vision  even  at  a  short 
distance  impossible.  During  this  cold,  damp  and  dreary 
night,  the  wind  shifted  to  the  north-west,  attended  with 
rain,  which  forced  a  majority  of  the  party  from  their  resting 
places,  to  seek  out  new  shelters  from  the  inclemency  of  the 
weather,  on  the  southern  side  of  the  precipice.  Two  of  the 
party  however  remained  stationary  during  the  night,  being 
protected,  by  a  small  cavern,  formed  by  two  jutting  rocks, 
not  from  the  wind  only,  but  from  the  rain.  This  cavern  is 
situated  a  little  below,  and  northward  of  the  highest  eastern 
rock  on  the  mountain  ;  but  it  is  too  small  to  merit  a  more 
particular  description.  It  may,  however,  hereafter  afford 
shelter  to  persons,  who  here  may  be  overtaken  with  storms  ; 
which  are  no  less  frecjuent  than  violent  in  these  elevated  re- 
gions. No  fire  can  be  had  here  for  want  of  fuel,  none  ex- 
isting short  of  1200,  or  1500  feet  below. 

The  White  Mountains  are  an  unbroken  chain,  extending 
in  a  northern  direction,  from  the  Notch,  a  distance  of  more 
than  eight  miles,  and  presenting  to  the  eye  from  the  summit 
of  Mt.  Washington  five  principal  peaks  ;  and  when  viewed 
from  many  other  places,  four.  They  are  surrounded  on  all 
sides  by  an  immense  forest,  of  course  they  cannot  be  accu- 
rately seen,except  at  a  considerable  distance  from  their  base* 
To  this  remark  an  exception  may  be  made,  as  from  Durand, 
which  lies  directly  under  the  northern  termination  of  tjie 
mountains,  a  distinct  view  of  Mt.  Adams,  in  clear  weather, 
may  be  had.  But  a  view  of  the  mountains  themselves,  and 
the  country  around,  is  b}^  far  the  most  interesting  and  sub- 
lime when  the  individual  is  seated  on  their  highest  pinnacle. 

To  attain  this  height,at  the  lime  we  visited  the  mountains, 
the  most  eligible  route  was  to  turn  to  the  eastward,  from  the 
tenth  New-Hampshire  turnpike,  at  a  point  four  and  a  half 
miles  to  the  south-eastward  of  Mr.  Ethan  A.  Crawford's,  and 
within  about  50  rods  from  the  northern  entrance  to  the 
notch  of  the  White  Mountains.  This  point  is  eight  and  a 
half  miles  north-westward  of  Mr.  Abel  Crawford's,  and  two 
and  a  half  from  the  Notch  house,  which  last  is  the  nearest 
building  to  the  place  of  departure.  Since  that  time,  Mr. 
Ethan  A.  Crawford  has  cut  out  a  path  from  near  his  house 
directly  to  the  summit  of  Mt.   Washington,   which  shortens 


'L.ofC. 


1 00  Sketches  of  the  While  Mountains. 

the  distance  several  miles.  This  is  also  said  to  be  the  easier 
route.  The  last  mentioned  Mr.  Crawford  now  resides  where 
Capt.  Rosebrook  formerly  lived,  and  where  he  died,  who  will 
long  be  remembered  as  the  hardj  and  enlerprizing  adventur- 
er, sufficiently  daring  to  establish  himself  on  a  Irozen  and 
unproductive  soil,  and  in  a  rigorous  climate,  for  the  accom- 
modation of  the  public.  This  place  is  1 8  miles  from  Lancaster 
meeting  house,  and  elevated  1000  feet  above  it.  Immediate- 
ly on  leaving  the  turnpike,  you  commence  the  ascent  of  the 
mountain,  following  a  foot  path  cut  out  by  the  Messrs.  Craw- 
fords.  At  the  beginning  of  the  ascent,  the  forest  is  thick 
and  heavy,  composed  of  birch,  beech,  spruce,  fir  and  moun- 
tain ash,  intermixed  with  other  timber.  After  travelling  a 
mile  and  a  half,  and  ascending  1600  feet,  you  reach  a  camp 
which  will  shelter  six  or  seven  persons.  Here  the  trees, 
which  are  principally  spruce  and  fir,  are  of  diminutive  height, 
though  at  the  root,  the  spruce  grows  to  the  size  of  a 
foot  and  a  half  in  diameter.  A  good  spring  of  water  runs 
within  six  rods  to  the  northward  of  the  camp,  which,  to  the 
traveller,  weary  and  worn  by  the  fatigue  of  the  ascent,  is 
very  refreshing.  The  night  is  usually  passed  here  ;  and  at 
every  season,  a  considerable  fire  is  not  only  comfortable, 
but  absolutely  necessary  to  guard  against  the  cold  and 
moisture,  both  of  the  earth  and  atmosphere. 

At  early  dawn  the  ascent  is  recommenced,  and  after  trav- 
elling about  three  fourths  of  a  mile,  less  steep,to  be  sure,  than 
below  the  camp,the  trees  at  every  step  diminishing  in  size  and 
height;  the  path  turns  to  the  north  of  its  former  course 
and  directly  before  you,  a  steep  bald  ridge  is  discovered, 
of  about  20  feet  eleration.  This  being  ascended,  you  find 
yourself  on  nearly  the  summit  of  a  mountain  having  no  oth- 
er vegetable  covering  than  moss,  a  few  cranberries  and 
whortleberries,  with  here  and  there  a  spruce,  fir,  or  white 
birch,  which  instead  of  rising  above,  spread  their  branches 
out  along  the  moss  and  literally  cling  down  to  the  surface, 
like  purslain  in  a  garden.  Here  a  single  step  will  carry 
you  over  an  entire  living  tree,  which  has  perhaps  been 
growing,  without  increasing  much  in  size,  for  ages. 

The  path  fi-om  the  camp  upwards,  passes  along  the  edge 
of  the  mountain  where  it  breaks  ofl'tothe  southward.  Sev- 
eral interesting  views  are  presented,  by  turning  the  eye  in 
that  direction,  through  the  openings  in  the  forest.  The 
traveller  should  not  be  in  too  great  haste  ;  but  should  make 
frequent  halts  as  well  to  recruit  his  exhausted  spirits,  as  to 
enjoy  the  fine  prospects,  which  every  where   surround  him 


Sketches  of  the  While  Mountains.  101 

at  this  elevation.  U  the  faculties  of  the  soul  arc  not  benumb- 
ed by  imprudence,  so  striking  are  the  prospects  from  many 
parts  of  the  mountain,  that  an  impression  is  made,  the  re- 
collection of  which  will  atlord  pleasure  during  the  re- 
mainder of  life. 

From  the  bald  summit  just  mentioned,  to  the  base  of  ]\It. 
Pleasant,  there  is  no  serious  obstacle  to  travelling,  except 
that  the  lirst  part  of  the  distance  is  considerably  incumbered 
by  a  forest  into  which  you  descend  soon  after  leaving  it. 
Several  ravines  however  must  be  crossed.  They  are  nei- 
ther wide  nor  deep,  nor  are  they  discovered  at  a  great  dis- 
tance ;  for  the  trees  fill  them  up  exactly  even  with  the  moun- 
tain on  each  side,  the  branches  of  which  interlock  with  each 
other  in  such  a  manner,that  it  is  very  difficult  to  pass  through 
them  and  they  are  so  stiff  and  thick  as  almost  to  support  a 
man's  weight. 

Mount  Pleasant,  or  Dome  mountam,  is  easily  ascended. 
At  a  distance  the  regularity  of  its  shape  renders  it  strikingly 
beautiful.  It  has  long  held  out  to  the  traveller  strong  attrac- 
tions, nor  does  he  on  arriving  at  its  summit  experience  any 
disappointment.  Unlike  some  other  objects,  it  does  not 
appear  most  beautiful  at  a  distance.  Its  top  to  the  extent 
of  five  or  six  acres  is  sufficiently  smooth  for  a  parade.  A 
little  highest  in  the  centre,  it  gradually  slopes  away  in  every 
direction.  It  even  has  a  verdant  appearance,  as  it  is  every 
where  covered  with  short  grass,  which  grows  in  little  tufts 
to  the  height  of  four  or  five  inches.  Among  these  tufts  moun- 
tain flowers  are  thinly  scattered,  which  add  life  and  beauty 
to  the  scene. 

The  attention  for  a  moment  is  confined  to  the  mountain 
itself.  But  all  its  beauties  are  insufficient  long  to  detain  the 
excursive  eye,  which  directed  to  the  northward  is  instantly 
caught  by  the  towering  majesty  of  Mt.  Washington,  the  hoa- 
ry head  of  which  often  reposes  under  a  canopy  of  clouds. 
A  little  short  of  that  mountain  the  sharp  and  jutting  precipi- 
ces of  Mt.  Monroe  appear,  the  most  eastern  of  which  is  high- 
est, and  in  that  direction  the  latter  mountain,  terminates  most 
abruptly.  To  the  north-westward  the  settlements  in  Jeffer- 
son are  seen  ;  to  the  west,  the  courses  of  the  Amonoosuck,  as 
though  delineated  on  a  map — Ethan  A.  Crawford's,  and  fur- 
ther off,  Bethlehem.  South-westward,  Moosehillock  and  the 
great  Haystack  are  plainly  discovered  ;  and  nearly  due 
south,  Chocorua  peak ;  south-easterl}^  Mr.  Abel  Crawford's 
and  the  settlements  and  mountains  in  Bartlett.  To  the  east 
naught  is  beheld  but  dark  mountains  and  gloomy  forests. 


102  Sketches  of  the  IVJiite  Mountains* 

The  descent  from  Mt.  Pleasant  is  at  first  gradual,  but  as 
you  advance  it  grows  more  steep  until  at  last  it  terminates 
almost  perpendicularly  at  Red  pond.  This  is  a  small  patch 
of  water,  two  or  three  rods  in  diameter,  surrounded  on  all 
sides  by  long  reddish  moss.  The  water  is  tolerably  clear,  but 
its  taste  is  disagreeable,  owing  in  the  dry  season,  to  its  hav- 
ing no  outlet  on  the  surface.  In  heavy  rains,  and  when  the 
snow  dissolves,  it  discharges  both  east  and  west,  forming  the 
head  to  one  of  the  branches  of  the  Saco,  and  to  one  of  the 
Amonoosuck.  After  leaving  this  pond,  no  permanent  water 
is  to  be  found,  till  you  reach  the  southern  base  of  Mt.  Wash- 
ington. 

The  ascent  from  this  pond  to  Mt.  Franklin  is  gradual,  and 
its  summit  is  easily  gained.  It  resembles  in  many  respects 
that  of  Mt.  Pleasant,  but  is  more  level,  having  only  a  trifling 
slope  to  the  northward.  From  this  place  the  highest  part 
of  the  ridge  lies  a  little  to  the  east  of  the  route  usually  trav- 
elled, which  is  all  along  northwardly  ;  in  a  direction  to  car- 
ry you  between  the  craggy  precipices  of  Mt.  Monroe.  Be- 
fore arriving  at  the  base  of  this  mountain,  the  ridge,  which 
before  had  considerable  width,  is  suddenly  contracted  to 
three  or  four  rods ;  and  both  at  the  right  and  left,  gulfs  are 
presented  to  the  eye  of  the  depth  of  two  or  three  thousand 
feet.  The  view  to  the  eastward  is  the  most  striking.  You 
advance  cautiously  along  to  the  eastern  edge  of  the  ridge, 
and  look,  not  without  an  emotion  of  terror,  down  into  the 
abyss  below. 

The  shortest  and  easiest  route  from  Mount  Franklin  to  Blue 
pond  is  between  the  pinnacles  of  Mount  Monroe.  But  that 
which  should  be  chosen,  leads  directly  over  the  top  of  the 
eastern  summit  of  this  mountain.  For  the  additional  'labor, 
the  traveller  will  receive  ample  compensation,  fi'om  an  inspec- 
tion of  the  rugged  singularities  of  the  mountain  itself,  and 
the  noble  prospects  presented  from  its  superior  elevation  to 
any  mountains  heretofore  passed.  With  propriety  it  may  be 
remarked,  that  all  things  considered,  the  better  outward 
course  is  to  travel  over  the  highest  ridges.  The  distance  is 
not  much  increased,  and  much  more  of  the  mountains  and 
of  the  country  around  is  to  be  seen. 

Whether  you  pass  between  the  precipices  of  Mt.  Monroe, 
or  ascend  the  eastern  one,  the  descent  to  Blue  pond  is  con- 
siderable. Here  is  a  fine  resting  place  at  the  eastern  mar- 
gin of  a  beautiful  sheet  of  water,  of  an  oval  form,  perfectly 
transparent,  which  covers  more  than  three  fourths  of  an 
acre.     The  waters  of  this  pool  are  cool  and  pleasant  to  the 


Sketches  of  the  White  .Mountains,  103 

taste,  and  so  deep  that  the  bottom  cannot  be  seen  in  its  cen- 
tre, from  either  shore.  Not  a  living  creature  is  to  be  seen  in 
the  waters,  at  this  height  on  the  hills  ;  nor  do  vegetables  of 
any  kind  grow  in  or  around  them,  to  obscure  the  clear  rockj 
or  gravelly  bottom  on  which  they  rest.  A  small  spring  dis- 
charges itself  into  this  pond  at  its  southeast  angle.  Anoth- 
er, iwo  thirds  the  size  of  Blue  pond,  lies  to  the  northwest  of 
it,  which  is  much  shallower  and  less  pleasant  than  the  one 
first  described.  They  do  not  communicate  with  each  other, 
but  both  discharge  their  surplus  waters  to  the  westward,  and 
form  the  northeast  heads  of  the  Amonoosuck. 

Directly  before  you  rises  the  lofty,  the  majestic,  and  the 
regular  dome  of  Mount  Washington,  variegated  with  the  va- 
rious hues  of  bright  green,  pure  Avhite,  and  light  and  dark 
brown.  The  summit  is  up  a  distance  of  more  than  half  a 
mile ;  and  elevated  more  than  twelve  hundred  feet  above  the 
surface  of  Blue  pond.  In  travelling  over  this  distance,  you 
have  to  pass  enormous  masses  of  loose  stones,  which  in  some 
places  are  covered  with  moss,  and  in  others  with  small 
patches  of  grass.  It  is  found  easier  to  travel  over  the  mas- 
ses of  stones,  principallj'"  granite,  intermingled  with  pure 
quartz,  which,  instead  of  being  worn  smooth,  are  left  by 
the  action  of  winds  and  rain  so  rough,  that  there  can  be  no 
danger  of  slipping,  than  over  the  grass  and  moss,  which, 
though  they  appear  beautiful  to  the  e^^e,  and  easily  travel- 
led over,  yet  yield  to  your  weight  and  add  to  the  fatigues  of 
the  ascent.  A  walk  of  half  an  hour  will,  however,  carry 
you  from  Blue  pond  to  the  summit  of  the  noble  mountain, 
distinguished  by  the  name  of  Washington. 

Here  the  sharp  terminations  of  mountains,  deep  rivers  and 
rolling  clouds  at  once  catch  the  eye  and  direct  attention. 
The  faculties  of  the  beholder  scem,for  a  moment,  distracted. 
The  very  mountains  which  have  been  passed  are  not  readily 
recognized.  Though  the  mind  soon  subsides  to  calmness,yet 
it  is  awed  by  the  sublime  and  solemn  grandeur  of  the  scenery 
around.  At  the  northward  the  cone-like  precipice  of  Mount 
Adams  appears ;  between  which  and  the  lofty  height  on 
which  you  stand,  the  more  obtuse  summit  of  Mount  Jeffer- 
son is  situated.  To  the  eastward  of  Mount  Adams,  and  a 
little  detached  from  the  range,  stands,  as  it  were  in  defiance. 
Mount  Madison,  "  which  first  receives  and  repels  the  eastern 
storms." 

The  dome  of  Mount  Washington  is  supported  on  every 
side  except  the  west,  by  a  stupendous  base.  On  its  north- 
ern side,  it  is   supported   and  bounded   by  the  high  ridge 


104  Sketches  of  the  White  Mountains. 

which  extends  to  Mount  Jefferson  ;  on  the  northeast  by  a 
large  grassy  plain,  which  terminates  in  a  vast  spur  extend- 
ing far  away  in  that  direction ;  on  the  east  by  a  large  pro- 
jecting promontory,  which  breaks  off  abruptly,  or  rather 
hangs  over  these  fine  ponds,  at  St.  Anthony's  Nose;  on  the 
south  and  southeast  it  is  skirted  and  supported  by  Carrigain's 
lawn,  a  beautiful  grassy  plain,  in  summer,  of  more  than  for- 
ty acres.  At  the  southeastern  extremity  of  this  plain,  a 
ridge  commences,  which  slopes  gracefully  away  towards  the 
vale  of  the  Saco  ;  upon  which,  at  short  distances  from  each 
other,  arise  rocks,  resembling,  in  some  places,  towers ;  in 
others  representing  the  various  orders  of  architecture.  From 
St.  Anthony's  Nose,  and  between  it  and  this  ridge,  is  to  be 
seen  a  most  elegant  cascade,  which  descends  perpendicularly 
a  hundred  feet,  and  probably  more,  as,  before  it  strikes  the 
lower  shelf,  the  water  is  broken  into  mist  or  fine  rain. 

These  mountains  every  where  present  a  primitive  charac- 
ter. They  have  probably  exhibited  the  same  unvarying 
aspect  for  ages.  Nothing  volcanic,  nothing  of  secondary 
formation  has  yet  been  discovered  by  the  most  diligent  re- 
search. These  mountains  have  remained  the  same,  while 
the  kingdoms  and  empires  of  the  world,  have  under- 
gone the  various  changes  of  infancy,  of  mature  age,  and  of 
cleca}^  Unlike  some  mountains  in  the  old  world ;  and  oth- 
ers in  the  new  :  such  as  iEtna,  Vesuvius  and  Teneriffe  in  the 
former,  and  Cotopaxi  and  Terra  del  Fuego  in  the  latter  ;  all 
of  which  are  evidently  of  volcanic  origin:  the  White  Moun- 
tains are  now  such  as  they  came  from  the  hand  of  their  Cre- 
ator ;  venerable  from  their  age,  and  sublime  from  their  ele- 
vation. 

The  tops  of  these  mountains  are  condemned  to  eternal 
sterility.  They  rise  too  high  to  sustain  vegetable  life.  Yet 
a  kind  of  grass  is  to  be  found  almost  on  their  highest  point ; 
and  long  moss  spreads  over  a  considerable  part  of  their  sides 
and  summits.  This  is  constantly  so  damp  as  to  prevent  fire 
from  running  among  it,  even  in  the  driest  seasons.  In  the 
driest  part  of  the  warm  and  parching  summer  of  1820,  in 
the  middle  of  the  day,  such  was  the  humidity  of  the  moss, 
that  the  moisture  it  retained,  would  strike  through  the  clothes 
of  those  who  sat  down  upon  it,  in  15  or  20  minutes.  But 
notwithstanding  their  sterility,  they  are  of  much  importance 
to  the  community.  Here  some  of  the  finest  rivers  in  New- 
England  originate.  From  these  hills,  wealth  and  fertility 
are  diffused  to  five  states  ;  Maine,  New-Hampshire,  Ver- 
mont, Massachusetts  and  Connecticut.     Nearly  all  the  wa- 


Sketches  of  the  White  Mountains .  105 

ters  of  the  Saco  flow  from  the  eastern  sides  of  the  Wliite 
Mountains,  Peabody  river  and  oth^r  considerable  branches 
of  the  Ameriscoggin  from  their  northern  end,  Israel's  river 
and  Amonoosuck  from  their  western  sides,  and  Pcmigewas- 
sel  from  their  soulhern  end.  The  latter  river  has  its  eas- 
tern fountain  very  near  the  notch  or  pass  through  the  moun- 
tains. 

The  folly  of  system-making  is  no  where  so  forcibly  ex- 
hibited as  in  a  tour  to  these  mountains.  We  had  been  taught 
that  on  reaching  a  certain  height,  vegetation  uniformly  ceas- 
es ;  that  the  region  of  perpetual  congelation  is  fixed  with 
perfect  certainty;  and  that  in  the  latitude  of  the  White 
Mountains,  it  hardly  reaches  7800  feet  above  thfe  level  ot 
the  ocean.  Such,  however,  is  not  the  fact,  as  is  demonstra- 
ted by  an  inspection  of  the  various  mountains,  which  form 
the  immense  chain  of  the  White  Hills.  On  the  western 
sides  of  these  mountains  vegetation  uniformly  rises  higher 
than  on  the  eastern ;  and  whepe  the  mass  of  elevated  mat- 
ter is  greatest,  there  vegetation  rises  highest.  The  whole 
country  on  the  western  side  is  much  more  elevated  than  on 
the  eastern.  Hence  the  difference  in  the  extent  of  vegeta- 
ble life  on  that  side.  But  it  is  not  intended  to  philosophise. 
To  state  facts,  is  the  object  of  these  sketches ;  one  of  which 
is  iustly  said  to  be  worth  a  thousand  theories. 

These  hills  were  visited  on  the  last  day  of  July ;  and  again 
on  the  last  day  of  August,  1820.  A  frost  had  killed  the 
grass,  and  all  other  tender  vegetables  which  grew  upon  them, 
during  the  time  which  had  elapsed  between  the  two  visits. 

Over  these  mountains  are  scattered  a  variety  of  berries  ; 
such  as  cranberries,  whortleberries  and  several  other  kinds  ; 
some  of  which  were  never  before  seen  by  any  of  the  party. 
They  grow  high  up  the  mountains ;  and  some  of  them  far 
above  any  other  vegetable,  except  grass  and  moss.  Their 
flavor  is,  however,  very  different  from  those  of  the  plain. 
Even  the  whortleberry  which  grows  on  these  hills,  has,  in 
its  ripest  state,  considerable  acidity. 

The  vicissitudes  of  sunshine  and  shade  arc  here  very  fre- 
quent. Not  exactly  like  the  shadows  flying  over  the  plain; 
for  here  the  individual  is  actually  enveloped  in  the  cloud  ; 
while  there  it  only  passes  over  him.  The  cloud  is  discover- 
ed at  a  considerable  distance  rolling  along  on  the  surface  of 
the  mountain  ;  it  approaches  you  rapidly  ;  in  an  instant  it 
encircles  you ;  and  as  soon  passes  awaj'^  to  be  followed  by 
others  in  endless  succession.  These  phenomena  are  pre- 
sented only  when  the  clouds  are  light  and  scattered.  WhcR 
14 


106  Sketches  of  the  White  Mountains, 

they  are  surcharged  with  rain,  even  at  mid-day,  all  is  dark 
ness  and  gloom. 

Although  the  waters  of  these  hills  apparently  give  life  to 
no  animal  or  insect,  yet  in  the  heat  of  summer,  the  black 
fly,  a  little  tormentmg  insect,  is  very  troublesome.  At  the 
same  time,the  grasshopper  is  here  as  gay  as  on  the  finely  cul- 
tivated field.  The  swallow  too  appears  to  hold  his  flight  as 
high  over  these  mountains  as  over  the  plain.  It  is  however 
a  place  of  extreme  solitude.  The  eye  often  wanders  in 
vain  to  catch  something  that  has  life  and  animation.  Yet  a 
bear  has  been  known  to  rise  up,  even  in  this  solitude,  to  ex- 
cite and  to  terrify  the  traveller. 

On  an  examination  of  these  mountains,  the  following  re- 
marks will  be  found  true.  The  rivers  which  flow  from  their 
western  sides  run  a  course  at  nearly  right  angles  with  their 
general  direction;  while  those  which  have  their  sources  on 
the  eastern  sides  of  the  mountains,  after  rushing  down  in 
cataracts  to  their  base,  take  a  direction  parallel  with  the 
mountains.  Thus  the  whole  eastern  base  of  them  is  washed 
either  by  the  Peabody  river,  which  falls  into  the  Ameriscog- 
gin  in  Shelburne ;  or  by  Ellis' river,which  falls  into  the  Saco 
in  Bartlett.  Both  these  rivers  are  remarkably  rapid  soon 
after  they  leave  the  mountains'  side;  descending,  it  is  believ- 
ed, a  hundred  feet  in  a  mile. 

These  hills  present  another  object,  though  not  of  the 
most  sublime  character ;  yet  one  which  cannot  fail  to  at- 
tract the  attention  of  the  most  inattentive  observer.  It  is 
the  great  number  of  dead  trees,  if  such  deformed  dwarfs 
may  so  be  called,  which  on  the  sides  of  some  of  the  moun- 
tains, spread  over  several  acres.  From  different  persons 
of  the  same  party  they  received  different  names.  Some 
called  them  buck's  horns,  and  others  bleached  bones.  The 
winds  and  weather  have  rendered  them  perfectly  white  ; 
and  as  neither  the  stem  or  branches  take  any  definite  direc- 
tion, they  are  of  all  the  diversified  forms,  which  nature  in  her 
freaks  can  create.  The  cold  seasons  which  prevailed  from 
1812  to  the  end  of  1816,  probably  occasioned  the  death  of 
these  trees  ;  and  their  constant  exposure  to  the  fierce  winds 
which  prevail  on  the  mountains,  has,  aided  by  other  causes, 
rendered  them  white.  It  can  hardly  be  doubted  that,  during 
the  whole  of  the  year  1816,these  trees  continued  frozen  ;  and 
frost,  like  fire,  is  capable  of  extinguishing  life,  even  in  the 
vegetable  kingdom.  Fire  could  not  have  caused  the  death 
of  these  trees  ;  for  fire  will  not  spread  here,  in  consequence 
of  the  humidity  of  the  whole  region  at  this  elevation.    Young 


Sketches  of  the  White  Mountains,  107 

live  trees  were  again  showing  themselves  on  the  top  of  the 
moss  in  1820.  This  fact  tends  to  confirm  the  accuracy  of 
the  above  opinion. 

Another  view  of  the  mountains  ought  to  be  given  :  their  ap- 
pearance and  the  country  around  at  sunrise.  The  extreme 
difficulty  in  doing  justice  to  this  part  of  the  subject,  almost 
forbids  the  attempt.  In  the  language  of  the  eloquent  Bry- 
done,  "  The  whole  eastern  horizon  is  gradually  lighted  up." 
The  sun's  first  golden  ray,  as  he  emerges  from  the  ocean, 
strikes  the  eye,  and  sheds  a  glimmering  but  uncertain  light ; 
but  soon  his  broad  disk  diffuses  light  and  beauty,  first  on  the 
hills,  and  soon  over  the  whole  region  eastward.  The  sides 
of  the  mountains  fronting  him  appear  like  a  solid  mass  of 
gold  dazzling  by  its  brightness.  While  this  process  is  going 
on  to  the  eastward,  the  whole  country  to  the  westward  is 
shrouded  with  darkness  and  gloom.  The  eye  turns  away 
disgusted,  from  this  comfortless  scene,  to  the  gay  and  varied 
one  to  the  eastward.  If  this  prospect  is  beheld  immediate- 
ly'after  a  rain,  the  tops  of  a  thousand  hills  rise  above  the 
fogs,  appearing  like  so  many  islands  in  the  midst  of  a  mighty 
ocean.  As  these  mists  clear  away,  the  houses,  the  villages, 
and  the  verdant  fields  within  the  circle  of  vision,  arise  to 
view.  At  the  moment  of  the  sun's  rising,  the  noble  vale  of 
the  Connecticut,  which  stretches  along  from  the  north, 
till  it  is  lost  among  the  hills  at  the  southwest,  appears  like  an 
inland  sea.  This  is  occasioned  by  the  vapors  which  had 
ascended  from  the  river  durinsf  the  nicjht.  As  the  sun  ad- 
vances  in  his  course,  these  vapors  are  chased  away  by  his 
rays,  and  the  farms  in  Jefferson,  Bethlehem,  and  Lancaster, 
with  its  village,  appear  as  if  rising  by  magic,  from  what  but 
a  little  time  before  seemed  nothing  but  water.  The  various 
hills,  in  the  mean  time,  which  surround  the  mountains,  ap- 
pear to  be  arranged  in  many  concentric  circles  ;  and  the 
circle  the  fartherest  removed  seems  the  highest  and  the  least 
distinct,  giving  to  the  whole  an  air  of  order  and  grandeur, 
beyond  the  power  of  description.  B. 


Comparison  of  the  miles  of  different  countries 

English  statute  mile  1        or  69.36  to  a° 

Turkish  1.04  or  66.67 

English  geo.  mile  1.16  or  60.00 

Italian  1.16  or  50.00 

Arabian  1.22  or  56.40 

Irish  1.25  or  55.50 

Scotch  1.39  or  49.75 

Old  French  league  2.77  or  25.00 

Spanish  and  Polish  3.41  oi  20.33 


Eng.  &Fr.  marine  lea.  3.46  or  20.0« 
Dutch  3.65  or  10.00 

German  4.62  or  15.00 

Danish  4.69  or  14.79 

Hungarian  5.78  or  12.00 

French myrmiametre    6.23  or  IMl 
Swedish  6.65  or  10.41 

[A".  A.  Revituh 


(108) 

FOR   THE   MONTHLY   LITERARY   JOURNAL. 

An  account  of  the  "  Strong  Box'"'  taken  fromRalle  the  Jesuit, 
at  Morridgtioock  in  1721  ;  and  a  short  biographical  notice 
of  Ralle. 

It  appears  from  Belknap,  Hutchinson  and  other  authors, 
that  an  attempt  was  made  bj  Col.  Weslbrook  and  his  troops 
in  1721  to  seize  Sebastien  Ralle,*  the  French  Priest,  who  re- 
sided at  Norridgewock.t  They  arrived  at  the  village  undis- 
covered, but  before  they  could  surround  his  house,  he  esca- 
ped into  the  woods,  leaving  his  papers  in  his  "  Strong  Box," 
which  was  taken  by  Westbrook  and  brought  off.  Among 
these  papers  were  his  letters  of  correspondence  with  the 
Marquis  de  Vaudreuil,  Governor  of  Canada,  by  which  it 
appeared  that  the  Governor  was  deeply  engaged  in  exciting 
the  Indians  to  a  rupture  with  the  English,  and  had  promised 
to  assist  them,  notwithstanding  his  many  assertions  to  the 
contrary.  It  contained  also  a  dictionary  of  the  Abenaquies  lan- 
guage, which  has  been  deposited  in  the  library  of  Harvard 
College ;  and  a  number  of  his  letters  which  have  been  de- 
posited in  the  library  of  the  Mass.  Historical  Society. 

The  construction  of  this  box  is  very  curious.  It  contains 
a  secret  drawer,  which  is  so  contrived  that  it  is  with  difficulty 
any  one  can  obtain  access  to  it,  without  destroying  the  box, 
unless  they  have  been  made  acquainted  with  the  manner  of 
opening  it.  The  very  inspection  of  the  box  impresses  one 
with  the  idea  that  whoever  was  the  means  of  its  construc- 
tion, had  a  particular  view  to  the  security  of  papers  from 
the  search  of  their  enemies.  It  is  well  known  that  the  Brit- 
ish and  French  courts,  at  this  time,  were  rivals  in  making 
partisans  among  the  Indians,  each  to  their  own  political 
cause,  and  this  through  the  medium  of  religion  as  well  as 
by  all  other  artifices.  Ralle,  it  appears,  was  an  artful  and 
cunning  man,  and  his  labors  had  been  crowned  with  unusual 
success.  This  box,  then,  from  its  singular  construction,  was 
probably  intended  to  enable  the  missionary  to  pass  from 
tribe  to  tribe,  of  the  Indians,  with  more  safety  to  such  pa- 
pers as  were  of  importance  to  be  kept  secret  from  the  En- 
glish in  case  of  any  accident,  who  also  were  attempting  at 
this  time  to  bring  over  the  eastern  Indians  to  their  own  po- 

♦This  Priest  has  been  called  Ralle,  Rale,  and  Rasles.  The  former 
has  been  used  by  Belknap. 

fThis  river  was  formerly  called  Nanrantsouak,  Norridgewalk,  Nor- 
ridgewoek,  and  at  present  it  is  called  Kennebec. 


"  The  Strong  Box:'  109 

litical  views.  It  is  probable  that  Ralle  carried  this  box 
slung  to  his  back.  It  appears  also  reasonable  to  suppose, 
that,  as  it  was  a  light  article  he  could  easily  escape  with  it 
under  a  variety  of  difficult  circumstances  when  pursued  by  his 
enciAies,whether  English  or  Indians, and  when  personal  safe- 
ty required  it,hc  could  drop  thebox,run  and  summon  his  near- 
est friends,who  would  naturally  proceed  to  the  spot  and  pro- 
tect or  recover  it.  Ralle  was  a  native  of  France,  and  came 
over  to  Canada  in  October,  1689.  He  learnt  the  Abenaquies 
language  and  resided  in  their  village,  situated  near  Quebeck 
in  the  midst  of  a  forest,  and  he  travelled  about  among  ma- 
ny of  the  tribes,  accustoming  himself  to  their  habits  and 
manners ;  and  although  most  acquainted  with  the  language 
of  the  Abenaquies,  he  was  well  acquainted  with  that  of  ma- 
ny other  tribes,  and  by  associating  with,  and  living  in  the 
same  savage  manner,  he  became  a  powerful  man  among  the 
Indians.  They  looked  up  to  him,  not  only  in  their  devotion- 
al services,  but  in  every  transaction  of  life,and  so  great  were 
their  respect  and  belief  in  the  efficacy  of  his  prayers  and 
ceremonies,  that  one  of  their  chief  sachems,  on  being  asked, 
"  Wherefore  it  was  that  they  were  so  much  bigotted  to  the 
French,  considering  their  traffick  with  them  w^as  not  so  ad- 
vantageous as  with  the  English?"  gravely  replied,  that  "The 
Friars  taue;ht  them  to  pray  to  their  God,  which  the  English 
never  did.'' 

Ralle  was  regarded  by  the  governments  of  Massachusetts 
and  New-Hampshire  as  the  principal  instigator  of  ihe  depre- 
dations committed  by  the  Indians,  and  it  was  thought  that  if 
"he  could  be  taken  off,  they  w'ould  be  quiet."  It  was  propo- 
sed at  one  time  to  send  the  sheriff  of  York  county  with  a 
posse  of  150  men  to  seize  and  bring  him  to  Boston;  but  this 
was  not  agreed  to,  and  he  continued  to  use  all  his  exertions 
and  influence  during  the  summer  of  1 720  to  extirpate  the 
English  who  had  settled  in  that  part  of  the  country.  He  ap- 
peared among  the  Indians  at  a  conference  held  on  Arrowsic 
Island,  with  the  commander  of  the  garrison  there,  and  he 
brought  a  letter  written  in  the  name  of  the  several  tribes  of 
Indians  directed  to  Gov.  Shute,  in  which  it  was  declared, 
that  "if  the  English  did  not  remove  in  three  weeks,they  would 
kill  them  and  their  cattle  and  burn  their  houses."  The  "  gov- 
crnment,loth  to  come  to  a  rupture,  and  desirous  if  possible  to 
treat  with  the  Indians  separately  from  the  French  emissa- 
ries, invited  them  to  another  conference,  which  they  treated 
with  neglect." 

In  the  winter  of  1721,  Col.  Westbrook  was  ordered  to 
Norridgewock ;  but  Ralle  evaded  him,  and  he  returned  with 


110  Notice  of  Rallt  the  Jesuit, 

the  Box  only,as  before  mentioned.  The  Indians  w6re  high- 
ly enraged  at  this  attempt  to  seize  their  spiritual  father,  and 
it  could  not  long  be  unrevenged.  The  next  summer  an  open 
war  broke  out,  which  was  considered  one  of  the  most  bloody 
and  cruel  wars  that  had  hitherto  been  fought  with  the  In- 
dians. This  war  was  called  "  Lovewell's  war,"  on  account 
of  the  battle  and  tragical  death  of  Capt.  Lovewell,  and  hi» 
comrades.* 

The  letters  taken  by  Col.  Westbrook  were  of  great  ser- 
vice to  the  country,  as  they  were  made  use  of  by  Col.  At- 
kinson, of  N.  H.,  and  Messrs.  Dudley  andThaxterof  Mass., 
as  commissioners  to  Canada,  for  the  purpose  of  remonstra- 
ting with  the  Governor  for  the  part  he  acted  in  the  war, 
"  whose  conduct  was  considered  a  flagrant  breach  of  the  trea- 
ty of  peace  subsisting  between  the  crowns  of  England  and 
France  ;"  and  upon  his  denying  that  he  had  encouraged  or 
assisted  the  Indians  for  the  purpose  of  carrying  on  the  war, 
the  commissioners  produced  to  his  great  mortification,  among 
other  papers,  his  original  letters  to  the  Jesuit  Ralle,  which 
had  been  taken  at  Norridgewock,  and  in  which  the  evidence 
of  his  having  assisted  them  in  the  war  was  "  too  flagrant  to 
admit  of  palliation."  The  good  effects  of  this  mission  were 
soon  visible,  for  a  short  time  after,  two  Indians  who  had 
been  detained  as  prisoners  during  the  war,  and  were  allowed 
to  visit  their  countrymen  "  on  their  own  parole,"  soon  return- 
ed with  a  request  for  peace,  which  was  ratified  at  Falmouth 
the  ensuing  spring. 

During  this  war  the  Indians  lost  their  favorite  Priest. — 
"On  the  1 2th  August,  1724,  O.  S.  Captains  Moulton  and 
Harmon,  each  at  the  head  of  a  company  of  100  men, 
were  ordered  to  Norridgewock  for  the  purpose  of  destroy- 
ing that  village,  and  killing  Ralle  ;  they  executed  their  or- 
ders with  great  address.  They  completely  invested  and 
surprised  the  village,  killed  the  obnoxious  Jesuit  with  about 
80  of  his  Indians,  recovered  three  captives,  destroyed  the 
Chapel,  and  brought  away  the  plate  and  furniture  of  the  al- 
tar and  the  devotional  flag  as  trophies  of  their  victory. 
"Mons.  Ralle  was  killed  and  scalpt  in  this  engagement, 
who  was  a  bloody  incendiary  and  instrumental  to  most  of  the 
mischieis  done  us,  by  preaching  up  the  doctrine  of  meriting 
salvation  by  the  destruction  of  hereticks.  Some  say  that 
quarter  was  offered  him,which  he  refused,  and  would  neither 
give  nor  take  any." 

*See  an  account  of  Lovewell's  fight,  Vol.  I.  Historical  Collections, 


Notict  of  Ralle  the  Jesuit.  1 1 1 

There  have  been  many  aspersions  of  the  character  of 
Ralle.  For  him,  however,  "to  have  taken  such  long 
journeys  through  a  rugged  wilderness  without  shelter 
©r  comfortable  repose  by  night,  with  incessant  fatigue  by 
day,  and  to  have  endured  such  privations  and  hardships  as 
he  did  in  discharging  the  ofiices  of  his  sacred  mission,  must 
extort  the  admiration  of  all."* 

The  "  Strong  Box"  is  in  the  possession  of  a  family  of  the 
fourth  generation  from  Col.  Westbrook,  who  was  "one  of 
his  Majestie's  Council  for  New-Hampshire  and  commander 
of  the  eastern  forces."  W. 

[There  is  some  difference  between  American  and  French 
historians  in  relating  the  particulars  of  this  contest.  It  may 
be  proper  to  insert  from  the  Collections  of  the  Mass.  Hist. 
Soc.  an  abridged  recital  of  the  fate  of  Father  Ralle,  as  given 
by  Father  De  La  Chasse,  superior  general  of  the  missions 
to  New  France. — Editors.'] 

"On  the  23d  of  August,  [O.  S.  12th,]  1724,  eleven  hun- 
dred men  came  to  Narrantsouak.  In  consequence  of  the 
thickets  with  which  the  village  was  surrounded,  and  the  lit- 
tle care  taken  by  the  inhabitants  to  prevent  a  surprise,  the 
invaders  were  not  discovered  until  the  very  instant  they 
made  a  discharge  of  their  guns,  and  their  shot  had  penetra- 
ted the  Indian  wigwams.  There  were  not  above  fifty  fight- 
ing men  in  the  village.  These  took  to  their  arms  and  ran 
out  in  confusion,  not  with  expectation  of  defending  the  place 
against  an  enemy  already  in  possession,  but  to  favor  the  es- 
cape of  their  wives,  their  old  men  and  children,  and  to  give 
them  time  to  gain  the  other  side  of  the  river,  of  which  the 
English  had  not  then  possessed  themselves. 

"The  noise  and  tumult  gave  Father  Ralle  notice  of  the 
danger  his  converts  were  in.  Not  intimidated,  he  went  out 
to  meet  the  assailants,  in  hopes  to  draw  all  their  attention  to 
himself  and  secure  his  flock  at  the  peril  of  his  own  lite.  He 
was  not  disappointed.  As  soon  as  he  appeared,  the  English 
set  up  a  shout,  which  was  followed  by  a  shower  of  shot,  and 
he  fell  near  a  cross,  which  he  had  erected  near  the  middle 
of  the  village,  and  with  him  seven  Indians  who  had  accom- 
panied him  to  shelter  him  with  their  own  bodies. — The  In- 
dians, in  the  greatest  consternation  at  his  death,  immediately 
took  to  flight,  and  crossed  the  river,  some  by  fording,  others 
by  swimming.     The  enemy  pursued  them  until  they  entered 

*PenLaIlow. 


112  Biographical  J^otices, 

far  into  the  woods  ;  and  then  returned,  and  pillaged  and 
burnt  the  church  and  the  wigwams.  Notwithstanding  so 
many  shot  had  been  fired,  only  thirty  of  the  Indians  were 
slain,  and  fourteen  wounded.  After  having  accomplished 
their  object,  the  English  withdrew  with  such  precipitation 
that  it  seemed  rather  a  flight  than  a  victory. 

"  When  the  fugitive  Indians  came  back  to  their  village, 
they  made  it  their  first  care  to  weep  over  the  body  of  their 
beloved  priest ;  whom  they  found  shot  through  in  many  pla- 
ces, scalped,  and  terribly  mangled.  After  kissing  the  bloody 
corse,  they  buried  him  by  the  place  where  the  altar  stood 
before  the  church  was  burnt." 

The  character  of  Father  Ralle,  it  would  seem,  has  been 
greatly  misrepresented.  Influenced  by  the  prejudices  which 
our  fathers  cherished  against  the  Roman  Catholics,  and  by 
the  spirit  of  hostility  against  the  aboriginals,  the  earlier  his- 
torians of  our  country  have  transmitted  to  posterity,  asper- 
sions which  appear  to  be  unfounded,  and  which  subsequent 
writers  have  adopted  without  sufficient  examination.  For  a 
vindication  of  the  character  of  Father  Ralle,  from  several 
serious  charges,  the  reader  is  referred  to  the  Collections  of 
the  Massachusetts  Historical  Society,  vol.  viii.  second  se« 
ries,  pages  256,  257. 


BIOGRAPHICAL  NOTICES  OF  PERSONS  IN  NEW- 
HAMPSHIRE. 

CHARACTER  OF  HON.  ROBERT  MEANS. 
[From  a  Sermon  delivered  at  Amherst,  Feb.  2,  1823.] 
[The  Editors,  wishing  to  give  a  more  extended  notice  of  the  late  Hob. 
Robert  Means,  than  that  contained  in  the  Journal  for  February,  so- 
licited the  follojving  extracts  for  publication  in  the  present  number. 
Their  obligations  are  due  to  the  Rev.  gentleman  who  has  been  so  good 
as  to  comply  with  their  request,  and  who  yields  his  private  wishes  to 
the  interest  which  the  public  claims  in  the  character  of  one  so  much 
esteemed  by  th«  citizens  of  New-Hampshire.] 

It  is  due  to  the  memory  of  the  just,  to  call  them  blessed. 
It  is  due  to  the  church  of  God,  to  hold  up  examples  of  con- 
sistent piety  and  integrity.  It  is  due  to  the  community,  to 
commend  the  characters  of  such  as  have  been  its  supports 


Biographical  J^oiicts.  113 

and  ornaments.  Not  many  go  clown  to  the  grave,  whose 
decease  is  regarded  as  a  material  loss  or  injury  to  society. 
Individuals  are,  indeed,  freqncntly  removed,  who  were  just- 
ly valued,  and  are  now  deeply  lamented,  in  the  respective 
circles  of  their  acquaintance.  But,  from  many  circumstan- 
ces, their  lives  were  not  specially  promotive  of  the  general 
interests,  and  their  death  does  not  seem  to  diminish  aught 
from  the  common  good.  It  occasions  no  convulsion  ;  it 
leaves  no  chasm.  It  is  like  the  sinking  of  a  heavy  sub- 
stance in  the  waters,  which  presently  return  to  their  equil- 
ibrium, and  roll  on  as  if  they  had  never  been  disturbed. 
Such,  however,  is  not  the  decease  of  our  venerable  friend. 
A  strong  rod  is  broken  and  withered.  An  injury  is  inflicted 
upon  the  community,  which  may  not  be  easily  repaired.  It 
becomes  us  to  treasure  up  the  remembrance  of  his  worth, 
that,  since  we  shall  no  longer  enjoy  the  benefits  of  his  life, 
the  conviction  of  our  loss  may  produce  a  deeper  sense  of 
our  responsibilities,  may  enhance,  in  our  estimation,  the  val- 
ue, and  excite  us  to  promote  the  interests  of  that  religion, 
whose  rewards,  we  trust,  he  is  enjoying  in  a  better  world. 

Col.  Means  was  a  rare  example  of  what  native  good 
sense,  a  principle  of  piety,  and  consistent  habits  of  upright- 
ness will  secure  to  an  individual,  without  any  of  those  acci- 
dental privileges  and  accomplishments,  to  which  so  many 
owe  the  standing  and  influence  which  they  attain.  He  em- 
igrated to  thi-^  country  from  the  north  of  Ireland  in  1764, 
being  then  at  the  age  of  twenty-two  years  ;  without  educa- 
tion, without  property,  or  patronage,  orprospects;  and  hav- 
ing no  other  recommendations  than  the  certificate  of  his 
pastor,  and  the  deportment  of  a  serious,honest  and  industrious 
man.  He  committed  himself  t>o  the  guidance  of  Providence, 
and  followed  the  hand  that  led  him,  residing  occasionally 
in  different  parts  of  New-England,  till  he  became  an  inhabi- 
tant of  this  town  in  1774.  Here  he  soon  fixed  a  permanent 
residence,  and  entered   into  the  marriage  relation,*  which 

*Madam  Means  is  daughter  of  the  Rev.  David  McGregore,  formerly 
pastor  of  the  presbyterian  church  in  ibe  west  parish  of  Londonderry. 
To  this  church  Col.  Means  transferred  his  relation  from  the  church  in 
Ballygoney,  Stewaitstown,  Ireland,  and  remained  in  connection  with 
it,  ffeneraily  attending  the  semi-annual  sacraments,  till  he  w^s  received, 
with  Mrs-  Means,  to  the  church  in  Amherst,  in  1817.  Col.  Means  left 
two  sons  and  three  daughters.  His  sons  reside  in  Amherst.  The 
daughters  were  married  to  Hon.  Jeremiah  Mason,  LL.  D.  of  Ports- 
mouth ;  Rev.  Jesse  Appleton,  D.  D.,  President  of  Bowdoin  College  ; 
and  Hon.  Cileb  Kllis,  of  Claremont,  judge  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  N, 
H.  A  brother  of  Col.  Means,  at  the  age  of  78,  is  now  in  the  active 
duties  of  the  ministry  in  the  north  of  Ireland. 
15 


114  Biographical  Motices. 

subsisted  most  happily  and  honorably  till  his  death.  Here, 
in  the  various  relations  of  life,  he  adorned  the  doctrine  which 
he  had  professed  in  his  youth.  Here,  in  an  unbroken  course 
of  diligence  and  integrity,  for  almost  half  a  century,he  rose  to 
wealth,  and  usefulnes:s  and  honor ;  and  here,  at  length,  in 
the  hope  of  the  gospel,  with  his  tabernacle  in  peace,  his  chil- 
dren as  the  grass  of  the  earth,  he  has  come  to  his  grave  in  a 
full  age,  like  as  a  shock  of  corn  comethin  in  his  season. 

"We  notice  in  his  life  no  variety  of  striking  incidents.  He 
pursued  the  same  round  of  occupation,  assiduously  dischar- 
ging the  same  recurring  duties.  He  was  governed  through- 
out by  a  principle  of  sincere  piety.  Educated  in  the  pres- 
byterian  religion,  he  became,  in  his  youth,  impressed  with 
the  great  truths  of  Christianity,  as  set  forth  in  the  Westmin- 
ster manual,  and  made  profession  of  his  faith  and  hope  in 
Christ.  About  sixty  years  he  walked,  without  blame,  in 
the  ordinances  of  the  gospel.  He  lived  in  the  practical  fear 
and  love  of  God.  He  dwelt  in  the  secret  place  of  the  Most 
High,  and  abode  under  the  shadow  of  the  Almighty.  Im- 
mediately alter  his  arrival  in  this  country,  he,  with  two  rel- 
atives, who  had  been  companions  of  his  voyage,  and  with 
one  of  whom  he  was  afterwards  associated  in  business,  de- 
voted a  day  to  solemn  fasting  and  prayer  for  the  direction 
and  blessing  of  God,  in  vievv  of  their  being  strangers  in  a 
strange  land.  Through  life  his  devotional  habits  were  main- 
tained, and  he  was  enabled,  till  a  few  days  before  his  death, 
to  discharge  the  duties  of  family  religion. 

He  was  a  just  man,  of  undeviating  honesty  and  truth,  ex- 
act in  his  dealings,  performing  justice  to  others,  and  requir- 
ing it  with  the  same  strictness,  of  them.  In  his  commercial 
transactions  he  wanted  no  indulgence,  and  considered  the 
asking  and  the  granting  of  it,  in  most  cases,  injurious  to  mo- 
rality. If,  on  this  account,  he  was  at  any  time  considered 
a  hardman,  yet,  out  of  the  course  of  business,  or  when  the 
occasion  called,  he  evinced  peculiar  tenderness  and  benevo- 
lence. His  charities  were  abundant  to  the  poor,  and  to  the 
various  religious  enterprises  which  distinguish  the  present 
period  of  the  church, — He  had  no  asperities  ;  and  this  rare 
and  honorable  testimony  is  borne  him,  that  he  almost  never 
uttered  a  harsh  or  angry  word ;  or,  if  such  an  expression 
at  any  moment  escaped  him,  it  was  immediately  succeeded 
by  an  ingenuous  reparation  and  a  tenfold  kindness.  He  af- 
forded an  instructive  specimen  of  conjugal  and  parental  af- 
fection. He  rejoiced  with  his  family  and  caused  their 
hearts  to  rejoice  with  him.     He  enlivened  the  domestic  and 


Biographical  Nolicts,  1 1 5 

social  circle  by  his  pleasantry,  and  chastened  it  by  his  so- 
briety. His  household,  his  friends,  safely  trusted  him,  and 
he  was  always  strengthening  his  hold  upon  their  respect  and 
love.  He  was  always  left  with  reluctance  and  met  with 
congratulation. 

In  all  his  characteristics  he  was  uniform  and  consis- 
tent. He  did  not  exhil)it  himself  for  occasions,  but  was  al- 
ways and  in  all  circumstances  the  same.  He  did  not  sac- 
rifice one  duty  to  another,  nor  overact  to-day,to  compensate 
for  the  deficiencies  of  yesterday,  or  provide  for  the  indul- 
gence of  to-morrow.  He  was  not  always  employed,  yet 
accomplishing  nothing ;  nor  did  he  make  his  plans,  his  means, 
and  his  labors  disproportionate.  His  principles  were  sound 
and  unalterable  ;  he  had  proved  them  by  long  experience  ; 
and  there  was  a  happy  correspondence  between  his  princi- 
ples and  his  habits.  It  was  easy  for  one  who  knew  him  to 
judge  how  he  would  act  in  the  various  circumstances  or  exi- 
gencies of  life,  and  no  one  ever  thought  of  turning  bim  from 
the  purpose  which  he  had  deliberately  formed.  He  had  a 
way  peculiar  to  himself  even  of  doing  good, and  if  he  has  not 
performed  a  desirable  service  exactly  as  you  had  wished, 
when  it  was  presented  to  his  mind,  you  had  only  to  be  pa- 
tient for  a  while,  and  the  result  has  been  even  better  than 
your  hopes. 

Till  the  last  year  of  his  life  he  had  enjoyed  almost  unin- 
terrupted health.  But  within  that  time  he  labored  under  va- 
rious infirmities,  in  consequence  of  a  severe  attack  of  fever, 
and  waited  in  the  attitude  of  expectation  and  hope  for  the 
event  of  death.  His  end,  like  the  tenor  of  his  life,  was 
peaceful.  He  was,  indeed,  frequently  depressed  by  the 
conviction  of  his  own  sinfulness.  He  confessed  and  deplor- 
ed with  tears  of  contrition  his  native  unholincssand  his  man- 
ifold transgressions.  But  confidence  in  the  atoning  sacrifice 
and  righteousness  of  Christ  prevailed.  Like  his  valued 
son-in-law,*  whose  early  death  the  friends  of  religion  and 
learning  will  long  deplore,  "he  fled  with  his  whole  soul  to 
the  blood  of  a  crucified  Savior."  To  one,  on  the  day  of 
his  decease,  remarking  on  his  infirmities  and  the  pains  of 
death,  he  attempted  to  reply,  in  the  words  of  the  Apostle, 
these  light  ajfflictions^  which  arc  hut  for  a  moment — but  he  could 
give  no  farther  utterance.  We  trust  that  he  noAv  enjoys 
what  he  was  then  unable  to  express,  afar  more  exceeding  and 
eternal  weight   of  glory.     In   this   confidence,  together  with 

♦The  late  PreaideDt  Apple  ton,  of  Bowdoin  College.     See  his  biog. 


116  Biographical  J^otices. 

the  reflection  of  his  protracted  and  useful  life,  his  relatives 
and  friends  find  strong  consolation,  and  a  new  motive  is  ad- 
dressed to  them,  and  to  us  all,  to  follow  the  path  of  the  just^ 
whicfi,  as  the  rising  light,  shineth  more  and  more  unto  the  per- 
fect day. 

Sujfiering  this  Divine  rebuke,  let  us  still  take  occasion  to 
remark,  that  however  calamitous  the  decease  of  good  and 
useful  men  may  seem  to  their  friends  and  to  society,  it  is  of- 
ten overruled,  in  the  Providence  of  God,  to  the  furtherance 
of  those  interests,  which,  for  the  present,  it  seems  only  to 
depress.  There  are,  in  every  mind,  energies,  which  wait 
only  for  a  suitable  occasion,  or  excitement  to  be  called  forth 
in  useful  action.  There  is,  in  all  good  men,  a  principle  of 
holiness  and  benevolence,  and  a  corresponding  feeling  of 
responsibility  both  to  God  and  man;  which  becomes  more 
and  more  developed,  as  circumstances  conspire  to  promote 
its  influence.  These  energies,  this  principle  in  many  remain 
comparatively  inactive,  in  the  ordinary  state  of  society.  But 
when  this  state  is  altered,  when  the  face  of  society  and  the 
church. of  God  changes,  when  those  on  whom  we  had  leaned 
are  taken  away,and  the  labor  which  they  sustained  devolves 
on  us,  thehidden  vigor  of  the  soul  is  a  wakened, and  each  one 
is  impelled  to  new  exertion,  that  he  may  repair  in  some  mea- 
sure, the  injury  which  has  been  received.  And  although  it 
may  be,  no  single  arm  can  accomplish  what  had  been  done 
by  those  who  are  now  at  rest,  the  combined  strength 
of  many,  whom  the  exigency  brings  forward  to  the  public 
service,  may  avail  even  to  give  a  new  and  more  favorable 
impulse  to  the  community.  How  often  it  has  thus  happen- 
ed, that  the  consideration  of  our  increased  responsibilities 
excited  by  aftiictive  events  of  Providence,  and  the  contem- 
plation of  those,  whose  exemplary  usefulness  we  did  not  ful- 
ly appreciate  till  we  no  longer  enjoyed  it,  has  urged  us  to  a 
redoubled  diligence  in  the  duties  of  our  several  professions, 
and  God  has  then  vindicated  the  rule  of  his  Providence  to 
bring  good  out  of  evil,  and  light  out  of  darkness.  It  is  true 
specially  with  regard  to  the  affairs  of  Zion,  that  what  things 
have  seemed  most  threatening  to  her  interests,  have  present- 
ly resulted  in  her  enlargement  and  prosperity.  In  the  ab- 
sence of  human  succor,  Jehovah  has  interposed  his  almigh- 
ty arm.  He  has  accepted  the  sorrows  and  humiliation  of 
his  people,  and  their  prayers  have  had  power  to  procure  his 
sovereign  help,  when  the  godly  man  has  ceased  and  the  faithful 
have  failed  from  among  the  children  of  men.  In  this  confi- 
dence, we  may  still  rejoice  in  this,  and  in   every  season  of 


Biographical  J\'olices.  117 

affliction  and  tribulation.  The  Lord  God  Omnipolent  rcign- 
eth :  clouds  and  darkness  are  round  about  him^  riiihttousnfss 
and  judgment  are  the  habitation  of  his  throne.  The  Lord  is 
the  Ilepe  of  Israel,  the  Savior  thereof  in  the  time  of  trouble. 
Blessed  be  the  Lord  God,  the  God  of  Israel,  who  only  doethwOn- 
drous  thinss  ;  and  blessed  be  his  glorious  name  forever  atid  ev- 
•r,  and  let  the  whole  earth  be  filed  loith  his  glory. 


William  Went  worth. 
Thr  name  of  Wentworth  is  one  of  the  most  ancient  and 
respectable  names  in  New-Hampshire.  Even  in  England, 
it  has  claims  to  a  remote  antiquity ,bcing  found  in  the  Dooms- 
day Book,  compiled  by  order  of  William  the  Conqueror,  and 
first  of  the  Norman  Kings.  It  is  there  written  JVtnt^wordc. 
The  first  person  in  New-England  of  the  name  was  William 
Wentworth,  who  was  one  of  the  first  settlers  at  Exeter, 
where  he  remained  till  after  the  dissolution  of  their  form  of 
government.  He  then  removed  to  Dover,  and  became  a 
ruling  elder  of  the  church  there.  In  1689,  he  was  remark- 
ably instrumental  in  saving  Heard's  garrison,  when  the  In- 
dians attacked  that  place  and  destroyed  so  many  lives.  See 
Belknap,vol.  i,  p.  200.  After  this,he  was  a  preacher  at  Exe- 
ter and  other  places,  several  years.  He  died  at  an  advan- 
ced age  in  Dover  in  1 397,  and  is  pronounced  by  our  histori- 
an to  have  been  "a  very  useful  and  good  man,"  His  son 
Samuel  Wentworth  was  the  father  of  Lieut.  Gov.  John 
Wentworth,  who  was  born  at  Portsmouth  January  16,  1671  ; 
died  Dec.  12,  1730,  aged  59. 

William  Vaughan. 
This  gentleman  was  of  Welch  extraction  and  bred  in 
London  under  Sir  Josiah  Child,  who  had  a  great  regard  for 
him.  and  whose  interest  he  made  use  of  for  the  good  of  the 
province.  He  came  to  this  country  prior  to  1668,  and  en- 
gaged in  a  mercantile  profession,  in  which  he  accumulated  a 
large  property.  He  married  Margaret  Cutts,  probably  a 
sister  of  the  President's,  on  the  3d  December,  1668.  He 
had  two  sons  and  five  daughters.  George,  his  second  son, 
graduated  at  Harvard  College  in  1696,  and  was  appointed 
lieutenant  governor  of  his  native  province  in  1715.  In  1680, 
Major  Vaughan  was  appointed  one  of  the  council  under  the 
administration  of  President  Cutts,  and  continued  in  that  of- 
fice till  1683,  when  he  was  thrust  out  by  Gov.  Cranfield  for 
his  non-compliance  with  some  arbitrary  measures.  When 
suits  were  instituted  by  Mason,  in  1683,  against  all  the  prin- 
cipal landholders  in  the  province,  and  juries  were  found   t» 


118  On  the  causes  of  Earthquakes. 

decide  them  in  his  favor,  Major  Vaughan  was  the  only  one 
who  appealed  to  the  King.  Major  Vaughan  experienced 
much  ill  usage  from  the  governors  of  the  province,  and  suf- 
fered much  in  the  cause  of  his  country.  He  died  in  the 
year  1719. 

Samuel  Penhallow. 
The  respectable  name  of  Penhallow  appears  among  the 
early  names  of  Portsmouth.  The  one  affixed  to  this  arti- 
cle, is  known  as  the  author  of  a  narrative  of  the  Wars  with 
the  eastern  Indians,  from  1703  to  1726.  The  work,  though 
in  some  particulars  erroneous,  is  valuable,  and  is  frequently 
cited  by  Dr.  Belknap  in  his  history  of  New-Hampshire.  It 
appears  that  he  was  appointed  one  of  the  counsellors  of  the 
province  in  1  702,  in  which  office  he  probably  remained  dur- 
ing his  life.  Ho  was  also  treasurer  and  recorder  of  the 
province.  He  was  recorder  at  the  time  (Nov.  4,  1 703,) 
when  Lieut.  Gov.  Usher  "  produced  to  the  council  an  order 
from  Whitehall  that  certain  records  should  be  deposited  with 
the  secretary,  and  he  refused  to  deliver  them  without  an  act 
of  the  general  assembly  authorizing  him  so  to  do."  See  Bel- 
knap, vol.  1,  p.  315.  Mr.  Penhallow  married  Mary  Cutts, 
a  daughter  of  President  Cutts.  He  died  at  Portsmouth, 
November  27,  1726. 


PfvilOi^ODfitml. 


FOR    THE    LITERARY    JOURNAL. 

ON  THE  CAUSES  OF  EARTHQUAKES. 

Ever  since  the  remotest  period,  to  which  history  extends, 
the  earth  has  been  at  distant  periods  and  in  various  coun- 
tries subject  to  the  shocks  of  earthquakes.  We  could  not 
therefore  expect,  that  they  should  escape  the  attention  of 
philosophers,  to  whom  every  object  in  nature,  from  the 
planetary  worlds,  which  roll  around  us,  to  the  jniiiutest  in- 
sect, has  furnished  subjects  for  investigation.  Accordingly 
ever  since  the  invention  of  letters  we  meet  with  specula- 
tions upon  these  subjects,  vague  and  indefinite  amongst  the 
ancients,  as  were  all  their  notions  upon  natural  philosophy, 
and  scarcely  more  probable  and  consistent  amongst  the 
moderns.  Epicurus  was  the  first  of  the  philosophers  of  an- 
tiquity, who  formed  a  theory  upon  this  subject.  He  attrib- 
uted the  motion  of  the  earth  to  the  force  of  vapors  which 
were  liberated  below  its  surface.     What  his  precise   mean- 


On  the  causes  of  Earthquakes.  1 1 9 

ing  was,  it  is  impossible  at  this  distance  of  time  to  ascertain. 
That  he  approximated  to  the  modern  theory  of  steam,  is 
rendered  improbable  by  the  circumstance  of  the"  ancients 
leaving  nothing  to  indicate,  that  they  were  acquainted  with 
the  elastic  force  of  that  fluid.  He  probably  partook  of  the 
ignorance  of  his  age  and  country  upon  this  subject  with  too 
little  ingenuousness  to  confess  it.  The  speculations  of  An- 
axagoras  were  still  more  fanciful.  He  supposed  various 
extensive  caverns  to  exist  within  the  earth,  in  which  floated 
clouds  similar  to  those,  which  pervade  our  own  atmosphere. 
Electrical  discharges  from  these  clouds  produced  the 
phenomena  of  earthquakes.  It  was  not  until  later  times, 
that  the  opinions  of  the  learned  assumed  a  tangible  shape. 
Two  opinions  have  been  matured  by  modern  ingenuity. 
The  first  is,  that  the  discharge  of  the  electric  fluid  occasions 
the  vibrations  and  other  terrific  appearances  of  earthquakes. 
But  firstly,  this  will  not  account  for  the  alternate  sinking  and 
rising  of  extensive  portions  of  the  earth.  Nor  secondly,  can 
we  explain  the  accumulation  of  so  great  quantities  of  this  sub- 
tile and  elastic  fluid,  which  the  best  non-conductors  in  nature 
can  confine  but  a  short  period,  as  the  surface  of  the  globe, 
asfar  at  least  as  human  observation  extends,  abounds  with 
water  and  other  conducting  substances.  A  small  shock  of  an 
earthquake  is  frequently  followed  by  one  of  greater  power. 
Why  does  the  same  body,  which  admitted  the  passage  of  the 
first,oppose  the  progress  of  the  second,which  possesses  great- 
er strength  and  should  be  able  to  permeate  a  greater  extent 
of  a  non-conducting  substance  ?  Fireballs,the  Aurora-Borea- 
lis  and  other  appearances,  supposed  to  be  electrical,  give  the 
only  plausibility,  which  it  possesses  to  this  theory.  But  as 
every  change  of  temperature  and  every  production  of  va- 
por excites  electricity,  it  should  be  regarded  rather  as  the 
effect  than  the  cause  of  earthquakes.  When  the  genius  of 
Franklin  had  first  drawn  from  the  clouds  this  liquid  fire,  re- 
sort was  had  to  its  mysterious  influence  to  explain  every  dif- 
ficult operation  in  nature,  and  to  cure  every  disease,  to  which 
human  nature  is  liable. 

The  second  hypothesis,  and  that  which  in  modern  times 
has  found  most  advocates,attributes  earthquakes  to  the  elas- 
tic force  of  steam.  Thci'e  are  some  difficulties  yet  to  be  en- 
countered by  the  champions  of  those  opinions.  The  area 
over  which  the  effects  of  these  convulsions  of  nature  have 
often  extended  has  been  from  100  to  GOO  miles,  but  the  focus 
of  their  injurious  effects  has  usually  been  confined  to  50. 
The  great  earthquake,which  was  felt  in  Asia  Minor  in  the  year 
1 7,  extended  its  destructive  ravages  over    an    area,  whose 


120  On  the  causes  of  Earthquakes, 

diameter  was  300  miles.  Its  effects  were  seen  in  the  annihi- 
lation of  twelve  tlourishing  cities,  one  of  which  was  the  cele- 
brated Ephesus.  In  some  cases,the  mere  jar  and  vibration 
of  the  earth  may  produce  some  of  the  effects  of  earthquakes. 
But  when  it  overwhelmns  cities  and  leaves  only  lakes  of  pu- 
trid water  in  their  place,  when  rast  gulfs,  open  belching 
forth  flames  and  water,  and  swallowing  up  whatever  is  on 
its  surface,  we  must  suppose  some  force  immediately  below, 
which  is  sufficient  to  move  the  solid  contents  of  the  superin- 
cumbent earth.  In  the  earthquakes  of  Calabria,  Lisbon 
and  Puzzuoli  an  area  was  affected,  whose  diameter  was 
equal  to  50  miles.  Here,  supposing  the  force  to  have  acted 
perpendicularly  and  also  at  an  angle  of  45**  from  a  per- 
pendicular, the  body  of  earth  moved  would  be  immense. 
We  cannot  suppose  with  Mallet,  that  it  would  act  at  a  great- 
er angle,  for  the  mechanical  disadvantage  would  be  too 
great  in  affecting  so  solid  and  ponderous  a  substance  as  the 
crust  of  the  globe.  Supposing  it  to  act  at  an  angle  of  45* 
it  must  move  50  X  50  X  .  7854  X  50=  98170i  solid  square 
square  miles  of  earth  : — a  body,  upon  which  few  forces 
would  produce  the  least  impression.  It  is  likewise  a  well 
known  fact,  that  the  evaporation  of  water  is  governed  by  the 
pressure  of  the  atmosphere,  so  that  it  may  be  heated  to  500^ 
Fahrenheit  without  boiling.  The  weight  of  the  atmos- 
phere is  increased  50  miles  below  the  surface  of  the  earth 
by  two  causes,  viz.  by  the  increased  force  of  gravity,and  by 
the  greater  height  of  the  atmosphere. 

By  these  two  causes  the  weight  of  the  air  at  the  proposed 
depth  must  be  more  than  trebled,  as  the  height  of  the  atmos- 
phere is  found  by  astronomical  calculations  to  be  43  miles  ; 
and  gravitation  increases  as  the  squares  of  the  distances 
from  the  centre  of  the  earth,  (if  we  suppose  the  earth  above 
not  to  exert  any  action,  as  it  would  not  sensibly  vary  the  re- 
sult.) According  to  this  calculation,  water  at  that  depth 
would  boil  onl}^  at  636*  Fahrenheit.  Steam,  at  the  tem- 
perature of  212*  exerts  a  force  oflbs.l4  10.6  oz.  on  the 
square  inch,  and  supposing,  as  nearly  agrees  with  the  fact, 
that  it  will  raise  two  additional  pounds  for  every  additional 
five  degrees  of  heat,  at  636*  it  will  raise  ISOlbs.  This, 
though  an  immense  force,  yet  as  it  would  act  but  momentari- 
ly, is  insufficient  for  the  purpose.  The  quantity  of  inflam- 
mable materials  must  also,  according  to  this  theory,  be  im- 
mense. It  requires  6lbs.  of  New-Castle  coal  to  raise  seven 
pounds  of  water  from  62°  to  212°  when  it  acts  most 
advantageously,  viz.  from  below.     But  in  the  case  of  earth- 


On  the  causes  of  Earthquakes.  1^1 

quakes,  the  heat  must  act  downwards,  and  half  its  effect  will 
be  lost.  Consequently  it  will  require  I'i  pounds  of  coal  to 
raise  7  pounds  of  water  to  steam.  But  in  this  case,  as  was 
before  shewn,  the  water  is  to  be  raised  to  636°,  and  will 
therefore  require  36  pounds  of  coal,  i.  e.  each  pound  of  wa- 
ter will  require  C  pounds  of  coal !  This  theory  of  steam 
docs  not  satisfactorily  account  for  the  flames,  which  some- 
times appear  through  crevices  opened  in  the  earth  on  such 
occasions.  But  the  principal  difficulty  its  advocates  must  en- 
counter, is  to  account  for  raising  such  quantities  of  water  in- 
to vapor,  under  such  a  pressure.  Whence  is  the  fuel  de- 
rived, which  supplies  heat  for  such  a  constant  evaporation? 
It  is  to  be  recollected,  that  the  shocks  of  earthquakes  have 
been  felt  in  an  uninlerrupted  succession  for  weeks  and  even 
months. 

If  we  were  to  suppose  sulphur  to  be  set  on  fire  by  the  same 
means,  that  volcanoes,  near  which  they  principally  occur, 
are  put  into  operation,  most  of  these  difriculties  will  be  obvi- 
ated. The  sulphur  would  unite  with  the  oxygen  or  the  atmos- 
phere, which  would  be  more  abundant  on  account  of  the  su- 
perior density  of  the  air.  At  the  same  time  great  quantities 
of  nitrogen  would  be  liberated,  which  would  endeavor  to  as- 
cend on  account  of  its  inferior  specific  gravity.  The  atmos- 
phere, when  so  condensed,  would  be  able  to  support  great 
quantities  of  aqueous  vapour,  which,  when  decomposed, 
would  unite  its  oxygen  to  the  sulphur,  and  the  hydrogen 
would  be  liberated.  This  would  aid  by  its  combustion  as 
well  as  its  expansive  force.  Thus  would  be  produced  sul- 
phureous acid  and  hydrogen,  the  expansive  force  of  the  first 
of  which  is  much  greater  than  that  of  steam.  To  the  pro- 
duction of  these,  the  weight  of  the  atmosphere  would  pre- 
sent no  obstacle.  This  agrees  with  the  fact  well  known 
among  geologists,  that  native  sulphur  is  found  principally  in 
(he  vicinity  of  volcanic  and  secondary  countries,  where  like- 
wise earthquakes  principally  occur.  In  confirmation  of  this 
opinion,  in  the  time  of  the  greatest  shocks,  flames  have  been 
seen  issuing  from  the  earth,  resembling,  in  the  whiteness  of 
their  color  and  in  other  respects,  the  appearance  of  burning 
hydrogen.  This  is  analogous  to  the  opinion  of  the  ancients, 
which  seems  to  have  given  place  too  easily  to  the  vanity  and 
presumption  of  modern  ingenuity.  It  should  put  to  the 
blush  even  the  hardened  face  of  presumptuous  innovators,  to 
observe  how  the  hand  of  time  will  test  the  sandy  foundations 
of  superficial  hypotheses — to  see  that  genius,  which  scarcely 
dared  to  shew  its  indignant  head  before  the  scorn  and  con- 

16 


122  Botanical  JSfotices. 

tempt  of  its  contemporaries,  receiving  from  the  applause  of 
posterity  the  meed  of  its  noble  exertions,  and  to  observe 
what  were  once  regarded  as  antiquated  errors,  resuming  the 
proud  station  of  truth  in  the  mind  of  the  philosopher.  On 
this  subject,  as  in  most  others,  have  ignorance  and  fanciful 
speculation  erected  their  visionary  fabrics  ;  for  the  most  in- 
attentive of  mankind  could  not  but  sometimes  reflect  on  phe- 
nomena so  destructive  and  terrific  in  their  consequences,  and 
the  most  timid  could  not  fear,  that  their  errors  would  be  de- 
tected on  a  subject  so  inscrutably  mysterious.  But  these  re- 
dundant seeds  of  conjecture  and  theory,  have  produced  only 
an  abundant  harvest  of  glaring  misapprehensions.  The  only 
practical  use,  proposed  to  be  drawn  from  these  crude  spec- 
ulations, was  the  attempt  of  some  of  the  philosophers  of  an- 
tiquity, to  obviate  the  effects  of  earthquakes  by  digging  deep 
wells  to  allow  the  confined  vapors  to  escape.  In  modern 
times,  likewise,  an  instrument  has  been  contrived  to  ascertain 
the  violence  and  direction  of  the  shocks.  This  consisted 
simply  of  a  graduated  phial,  whose  inside  was  coated  with  a 
light  powder.  When  partly  filled  with  a  liquid  and  fixed  in 
the  earth,  every  vibration  of  the  earth,  by  giving  a  motion  to 
the  liquid,  would  rub  of  part  of  the  powder,  and  communi- 
cate the  required  information.  A  goldsmith  of  Naples,  im- 
proving upon  this  idea,  suspended  a  pendulum  so  as  to  move 
easily  in  every  direction.  At  the  bottom  of  the  pendulum  a 
pencil  was  pressed  gently  by  a  spring  against  a  sheet  of  pa- 
per laying  horizontally.  He  thus  ascertained,  not  only  the 
comparative  violence,  but  the  direction  of  the  vibratory  mo- 
tions. O. 


Since  the  discovery  of  the  New  World,  our  English  gar- 
dens have  produced  2345  varieties  of  trees  and  plants  from 
America,  and  upwards  of  1700  from  the  Cape'  of  Good 
Hope,  in  addition  to  many  thousands  which  have  been 
brought  from  China,  the  East  Indies,  New  Holland,  various 
parts  of  Africa,  Asia  and  Europe:  until  the  list  of  plants 
now  cultivated  in  this  country  exceeds  1 20,000  varieties. 

London  Paper, 

Dodart,  in  a  communication  to  the  Royal  Academy  of 
Sciences  at  Paris,  computed  that  an  elm,  every  year,  at  a 
medium,  produces  330,000  seeds  ;  and  therefore  supposing 
it  to  live  110  years,  33  millions  of  seeds  during  its  whole  age. 
Fern  is  far  more  fertile  in  seeds.  Hartstongue  produces  in 
a  year  a  million  of  seeds.  These  seeds  must  have  a  use  be- 
5'^ond  continuing  their  species. 


(  123  ) 
THE  FraST  SETTLEMENT  OF  NEW-HAMPSHIRE.'^ 

Wide  o'er  the  wilderness  of  waves, 

Untracked  by  human  peril, 
Our  fathers  roamed  for  peaceful  graves, 

To  deserts  dark  and  sterile. 
Their  dauntless  hearts  no  meteor  led, 

In  terror,  o'er  the  ocean  ; 
From  fortune  and  from  fame  they  fled. 

To  Heaven  and  its  devotion. 
Fate  cannot  bind  the  high-born  mind 

To  bigot  usurpation  : 
They,  who  had  left  a  world  behind. 

Now  gave  that  world  a  nation. 
'  Paine. 

Though  the  adventurers  who  formed  the  humble  colony 
first  planted  at  Pascataqua  were  of  different  habits  from  the 
pilgrims  who  settled  at  Plymouth,  and  may  not  have  imita- 
ted their  examples,  nor  have  been  drawn  into  the  close  ties 
which  mutual  danger  serves  to  create  and  strengthen, — 
there  is  still  something  interesting,  to  us  at  least,  in  the  cir- 
cumstances of  their  landing.  The  discovery  of  this  conti- 
nent had  already  freighted  the  four  winds  with  exalted  ideas 
of  its  extent  and  value,  when  the  intrepid  Smith,  born  with 
"  a  roving  and  romantic  genius,  and  delighting  in  extrava- 
gant and  daring  actions,"!  directed  his  attention  to  North- 
America.  He  had  explored  the  coast  of  Virginia,  been  a 
captive  among  the  natives,  and  a  father  of  the  infant  colony, 
— by  his  courage  intimidating,  or  by  his  address  controlling 
the  fancies  of  the  Indians  ;  and  now  extended  his  enterpri 
8es  still  farther  north  into  unknown  seas,  ranging  from  east 
to  west,  and  touching  at  the  various  islands  stretching  along 
the  coast,  as  if  to  defend  the  newly  discovered  continent 
from  the  violence  of  the  stormy  Atlantic.  Smith  landed 
upon  the  islands  formerly  called  by  his  name,  but  at  pres- 
ent known  as  the  Isles  of  Shoals.:[  To  the  country  cast  of 
Virginia  he  gave  the  name  of  J^ezo- England,      New-Hamp- 

*  See  article  on  this  subject,  p.  51. 

t  Belknap. 

I  Smith  discovered  these  islands  in  1614.  It  is  not  known  for  what 
reason  their  name  was  altered.  In  the  deed  of  the  Indian  sagamores  to 
John  Wheelwright  in  1629,  "  the  Isles  of  Shoals,  so  called  b)j  (he  En- 
glish,''^ are  included. 


1 24  Setthmenf  of  Ntw-Hampsliire. 

shire  was  called  Laconia.  There  are  found  in  most  countries, 
men  hardy  enough  to  brave  the  rigors  of  the  ocean  and  in- 
clement seasons,  for  the  prospect  of  gain,  or  of  personal  lib- 
erty. A  howling  wilderness,  though  its  front  may  inspire  awe, 
cannot  subdue  the  hopes  of  the  adventurer.  He  fancies  mines 
of  wealth  concealed  in  the  recesses  of  the  country — golden 
dreams  cheer  his  midnight  slumbers,  and  inspirit  his  hours 
of  wakefulness.  Or  on  the  other  hand,  the  oppressed  may 
court  the  dangers  of  the  deep,  can  they  but  afford  a  refuge 
from  the  soul-sickening  scourges  of  religious  tyranny. 
While  most  of  the  settlers  of  New-England  had  one  of  these 
objects  in  view,  it  is  not  difficult  to  perceive  that  the  former 
had  a  powerful  influence  with  the  early  inhabitants  of  New- 
Hampshire.  A  few  humble  fishermen  from  London  were 
our  common  fathers.  Cheered  alike  with  the  prospect  of 
accumulating  wealth,  and  tasting  its  enjoyments,  they  pitch- 
ed their  tepts  at  Little  Harbor  on  the  Pascataqua,  in  1623. 
The  seg.son  of  their  landing  is  well  known,  and  the  plactj 
with  many  circumstances  attending  it.      It  is  now  nearly 

TWO  CENTURIES  SINCE  THE  EVENT  TOOK  PLACE. 

The  celebration  of  this  period,  we  are  happy  to  announce, 
will  take  place  at  Portsmouth,  on  Wednesday  the  twenty-eighth 
of  May  next.  Suitable  arrangements  will  be  made  for  a 
public  procession,  and  religious  exercises.  An  address  will 
be  delivered  by  Nathaniel  A.  Haven,  jun.  Esq,  of  Ports- 
mouth, a  gentleman  whose  taste,  and  knowledge  of  the  anti- 
quities of  the  state,  are  well  known.  A  Poem  will  be  deliv- 
ered by  Oliver  W.  B.  Peabody,  Esq.  of  ^xeter. 

The  following  interesting  letter  from  one  of  the  first  an- 
tiquaries of  New-England,  'svas  addressed  to  Mr.  Haven,  in 
answer  to  some  inquiries  respecting  the  date  of  the  landing 
at  Little  Harbor. 

"  As  to  the  date  of  the  first  landing  at  Little  Harbor  for 
permanent  settlement,  an  approximation  to  the  truth  is  all 
that  can  be  obtained  now.  No  glories  blaze  round  the  bark 
of  the  earliest  dwellers  at  Pascataquack  :  the  May-flower  is 
fragrant  for  Plimouth  :  the  Arbella  characterizes  the  chiv- 
alry of  the  Massachusetts :  but  the  humble  colony  of  Little 


Settlement  of  Ntw-Hampshire,  1 25 

Harbor  came  over  in  an  unknown  bottom,  and  their  descen- 
dants must  look  to  the  conduct,  and  not  thie  carriage  of  their 
fathers. 

"  The  most  laborious  of  all  antiquaries  in  New-England  in 
1736  could  give  no  precise  date  ;  and  no  discovery  of  docu- 
ments since  has  made  definite  the  generality  of  1  Prince 
Ann.  133,  134.  You  observe  he  quotes  H.  and  you  will  find 
his  authority  in  Hubbard  105  and  214.  Unhappily,  our  re- 
cent inquiries  detract  much  from  the  weight  of  Hubbard,uu- 
less  when  he  quotes  Winthrop  or  Morton  ;  and  he  is  never 
to  be  received  as  original  authority,  except  in  the  meagre 
and  trifling  occurrences  related  subsequent  to  1649.  You 
sec  in  the  first  passage  (page  105)  he  says  Tomson  "  removed 
down  into  the  Massachusetts  Bay  within  a  year  after"  1623. 
Now,  his  cotemporary  Gov.  Bradford,  1  Prince  161,  mentions 
his  living  at  Pascataquack  1626  ;  and  I  suppose  he  came 
down,  and  took  that  beautiful  island  in  our  harbor,  ever 
since  called  by  his  name.  But  another  authority  of  Prince, 
in  loco,  is  W.  See  Winslow  in  viii.  Hist.  Coll.  276.  Now 
Winslow  is  the  very  man  who  ought  to  tell  us  the  place,  hour, 
and  ship,  to  which,  in  which,  and  by  which,  your  Planters 
came.  Unfortunately  here  he  is  not  so  particular,  as  he  com- 
monl}''  is  about  Plimouth,  and  we  must  resort  to  conjecture. 
He  says  "  that  spring  begun  a  plantation  25  leagues  N.  E. 
from  us"  at  Pascataquack.  Now  I  believe  '  spring'  must 
have  a  liberal  construction.  No  English  ship  is  mentioned 
as  coming  upon  our  coast  (fishing  vessels  always  out  of  the 
question)  before  that  remarkable  case  in  1  Prince  1 37  from 
Gov.  Bradford.*  The  admiral  West  (as  he  is  called)  arri- 
ving at  Plimouth  about  the  end  of  June,  had  probably  land- 
ed your  Tomson  and  the  two  Hiltons,  late  in  May,  or  early 
in  June.  In  July,t  Standish  came  up  from  Pascataquack, 
whither  he  went  to  buy  provisions  (probably  brought  by  the 


[*NorE,  from  Prince.  "  June  e.  Arrives  a  Ship  with  Capt.  Francis 
West  who  has  a  Commission  to  be  Admiral  of  J^ew- England  to  restrain 
such  ships  as  come  to  Fish  and  Trade  without  License  Irora  the  A'eio- 
England  Council,  for  which  they  should  Pay  a  round  sum  of  Money  : 
tell  us  Ihey  spake  with  a  Ship  at  sea  and  were  aboard  her,  having-  sun- 
dry passengers,  bound  for  this  Plantation,  hut  lost  her  Mast  in  a  Storm 
which  quickly  follow'd, — wonder  she  is  not  arriv'd  and  fear  some  Mis- 
carriage which  fills  us  with  Trouble.  But  Mr.  JVest,  finding  the  Fisher- 
men stubborn  Fellows  and  too  strong  far  Him,  sails  for  Virginia  ;  and 
their  Owners  Complaining  to  the  Parliament^  procure  an  order  that 
Fishing  shoald  be  Free."     Prince's  Ann.  vol.  i.  p.  137-] 

[fThis  is  according  to  Prince,  Ann.  vol.  i.  p.  -ISS,  but  Winslow  places 
this  fact  under  the  date  of  Sentemher.'] 


1 26  Settlement  of  Kevt-Hampshirti, 

ship  whichever  she  was  that  brought  the  cunahula  of  Little 
Harbor)  and  Tomson  came  with  him  to  Plimoutb.  You 
must  work  hard  to  get  near  the  date,  but  in  Prince  it  may  be 
approached.  So,  in  my  judgment,  you  should  look  to  the 
nameless  bark  of  West  for  your  passage  over  the  billows, 
and  take  the  pleasantest  day  in  the  year  for  your  landing*'' 


It  is  well  known,  that  the  two  Hiltons,  who  made  a  stand 
at  Dover  neck,  above  Portsmouth,  arrived  early  in  1623. 
Edward  is  supposed  to  have  come  directly  from  England. 
William  was  an  early  settler  at  Plymouth,  A  writer  in  the 
Old  Colony  Memorial  says  that  William  Hilton  had  an  allot- 
ment of  one  acre  with  those  who  arrived  in  the  Fortune  in 
November,  1621.  It  appears,  however,  that  Marie  Hilton 
had  a  share  with  those  who  arrived  in  the  May-Flower ;  and 
from  the  following  letter,  which  is  found  in  Haiard's  Histori- 
cal Collections,  it  would  seem  that  William  must  have  been 
at  Plymouth  some  time  before  the  arrival  of  the  Fortune. 

A  Letter  from  New-Plimoth* 
[Smitte's  New-England  Trials,  Sind.  1622.] 
Louing  Cousin,  at  our  arriuall  at  New-Plimoth  in  New- 
England,  we  found  all  our  Friends  and  Planters  in  good 
Health,  though  they  were  left  sicke,  and  weake,  with  very 
small  meanes — the  Indians  reund  about  us  peaceable  and 
friendly — the  Country  very  pleasant  and  temperate,  yeeld- 
ing  naturally  of  itself  great  store  of  Fruites ;  as  Vines  of 
diuers  sorts  in  great  abundance :  there  is  likewise  Walnuts, 
Chesnuts,  Small  Nuts,  and  plums,  with  much  Variety  of 
Flowers,  Rootes,  and  Herbes,  no  lesse  pleasant  than  whole- 
some and  profitable  :  no  place  hath  more  Gooseberries  and 
Strawberries,  nor  better ; — Timber  of  all  Sorts  you  haue  in 
England,  doth  cover  the  Land,  that  affoords  beasts  of 
divers  sorts;  and  great  Flocks  of  Turkies,  Quailes,  Pigeons, 
and  Partridges:  many  great  Lakes  abounding  with  Fish, 
Fowle,  Beavers,  and  Otters.  The  Sea  affoords  vs  as  great 
Plenty  of  all  excellent  Sorts  of  Sea-fish,  as  the  Riuers  and 
lies  doth  varietie  of  Wilde  Fowle  of  most  vsefull  sorts. 
Mines  we  find  to  our  thinking,  but  neither  the  goodness  nor 
Qualitie  we  know.     Better  Grain  cannot  be  than  the  Indian- 

=*<  There  is  no  date  to  this  letter,  but  the  vessel  by  which  it  was  aent, 
left  New-England  the  beginning  of  April,  1621. 


Literary  J^ottces.  127 

Corne,  if  we  will  plant  it  vpon  as  good  ground  as  a  man 
need  desire. — Wee  are  all  Freeholders  :  the  Rent-Day  doth 
not  trouble  vs  5  and  all  those  good  Blessings  we  hauc,  of 
which  and  what  we  list  in  their  Seasons,  for  taking.  Our 
Companie  are  for  most  Part  very  religious  honest  People  : 
the  Word  of  God  sincerely  taught  vs  every  Sabbath  5  so 
that  I  know  not  any  thing  a  contented  mind  can  here  want. 
I  desire  your  friendly  care  to  send  my  Wife  and  Children  to 
me  where  I  wish  all  the  Friends  1  have  in  England,  and  so 
I  rest,  Your  loving  Kinsman, 

WILLIAM  HILTON. 


mttvavvt  Jlotttcfii^ 


American  Biography. — Proposals  have  been  issued  at 
Philadelphia  for  the  publication  of  a  Historical  Dictionary  of 
Emintnt  Americans^  by  Robert  Walsh,  jun.  It  will  be 
comprised  in  two  octavo  volumes  of  about  600  pages  each. 
We  have  as  yet  no  good  works  in  American  Biography ; 
but  hope  the  talents  and  industry  of  Mr.  Walsh  will  reme- 
dy the  deficiency.  The  works  of  Elliot  and  Allen  are  in- 
deed useful ;  but  in  many  respects  incomplete.  The  Bio- 
graphical Dictionary  of  Mr.  Rogers  of  Penn.  is  the  best  we 
have  yet  seen,  and  we  are  glad  to  perceive  that  a  new  edi- 
tion of  the  work  is  in  preparation  for  the  press. 

"  The  Loves  of  the  Angels,''"'  a  poem,  by  I^homas  Moore,  is 
published  in  this  country.  A  high-sounding  title  may  have 
induced  many  persons  to  read  the  book  ;  but  few  will  arise 
without  the  impression,  that  there  is  something  too  earthly 
in  the"  loves"  of  these  "  angels,"  to  be  of  celestial  origin  5 
and  that  they  are  not  of  those  superior  human  beings, 

"  whose  beaut)'  wants 

But   the  adornment  of   bright   wings, 
To  look  like  heaven's  inhabitants.'' 

"  Werner — a  tragedy,''''  by  Lord  Byron,  has  been  re-pub- 
Hshed  at  Philadelphia. 

A  new  edition  of  Henry's  Chemistry,  with  notes  by  Pro- 
fessor Silliman,  is  preparing  at  Hartford,  Conn. 

Mr.  Nathan  Whiting  of  New-Haven,  Conn,  has  in  the 
press,  A  Gazetteer  of  the  United  States,  abridged  from 
Morse's  late  Universal  Gazetteer:  containing  a  General 
Description  of  the  United  States,  and  particular  descriptions 


128  Literary  Kstices. 

of  the  several  states  and  territories  in  the  Union — of  the 
Counties  and  principal  Cities,  Towns,  Villages,  Lakes,  Riv- 
ers, Harbors,  Indian  Tribes,  Mission  Stations,  &c.  &c.  in 
the  United  States.  To  be  illustrated  by  a  Map ;  on  which 
will  be  marked  the  great  roads  through  the  states, — and  ta- 
bles of  distances, — latitudes  and  longitudes  of  places, — and 
other  useful  statistical  tables.  By  Rev.  Jedidiah  Morse, 
D.  B.  and  Sons.  The  work  will  be  issued  in  a  small  duo- 
decimo volume  of  about  300  pages,  and  will  contain  an  ele- 
gant map  11  by  1 8  inches,  printed  on  durable  bank-post  pa- 
per. 

History  of  New-Netherland. — The  Rev.  Dr.  Bassett,  of 
Bushwick,  (L.  1.)  has  completed  a  translation  of  a  Topo- 
graphical and  Natural  History  of  New-Netherland,  from  the 
original  Dutch  of  Dr.  Adrian  Van  Der  Donk,  and  first  pub- 
lished in  Amsterdam,  in  1655.  This  work,  which  compre- 
hends a  particular  account  of  the  nature,  quality,  situation 
and  productions  of  that  country,  together  with  a  view  of 
the  manners  and  customs  of  the  Aborigines,  the  Natural  His- 
tory of  the  Beaver,  and  a  great  variety  of  curious  and  in- 
teresting matter,  is  now  ready  for  the  press,  and  will  be  pub- 
lished by  subscription.  The  translator  has  also  added  an 
appendix,  consisting  of  such  parts  of  De  Laet's  and  Lam- 
baechter's  History,  as  he  has  judged  necessary.  The  work 
is  warmly  recommended  by  the  New- York  Historical  Socie- 
ty ;  and  also  by  Gov.  Clinton,  to  whose  inspection  the  MS. 
has  been  submitted. 

Templar^'s  Chart. — A  work  with  this  title  has  been  re- 
cently published  by  R.  W.  Jeremy  L.  Cross,  G.  L.  New-Ha- 
ven, Conn.  It  is  said  to  be  a  work  of  merit,  promising  great 
benefit  to  the  masonic  fraternity.  Mr.  Cross,  it  will  be  re- 
collected, was  the  author  of  the  Masonic  Chart,  now  so  gen- 
erally used  and  approved  among  masons. 

Stephen  Dodge,  New-Haven,  proposes  to  publish  a  com- 
plete edition  of  the  writings  of  the  late  President  Edwards. 

Original  History. — Proposals  have  been  issued  for  print- 
ing by  subscription  a  work,  to  be  entitled  "  Notes  on  the  set- 
tlement and  Indian  Wars  of  the  western  parts  of  Pennsyl- 
vania and  Virginia  ;"  by  Dr.  Joseph  Doddridge,  The  work 
will  be  at  least  a  curious  one,  and  much  more  than  curious 
to  all  the  descendants  and  successors  of  the  early  settlers  of 
that  part  of  our  country. 


MAY,  1823. 


History  of  Massachusetts^  from   1764    to   1775.     By  Alden. 

Bradford^   Secretary  of  the  Commonwealth.     8vo.   Boston, 

1822. 

No  period  in  the  history  of  Massachusetts  is  so  full  of  in- 
terest as  the  fifteen  years  immediately  preceding  the  war  of 
the  revolution.  As  the  difficulties  between  the  colonies  and 
England  gained  strength  and  importance,  the  province  of 
Massachusetts  stood  forward,  and  was  the  principal  object 
of  ministerial  hatred  and  persecution.  The  other  colonies 
indeed  were  strenuous  in  support  of  their  rights,  but  their 
commerce  being  small  in  comparison  with  that  of  iMassachu- 
setts,  the  commercial  regulations  and  restrictions  of  the  Brit- 
ish government  were  not  very  severely  felt  by  them.  The 
pressure  of  the  times  called  forth  the  energies  of  the  Pro- 
vince, and  statesmen  and  orators,  men  of  profound  learning, 
public  spirit,  patriotism  and  courage,  rose  up  in  defence  of 
their  chartered   rights. 

The  conduct  of  Great-Britain  towards  this  Province  was 
marked  with  suspicion,  jealousy  and  injustice,  from  its  first 
settlement  to  the  era  of  the  revolution.  The  course  of  poli- 
cy pursued  by  the  mother  country  was  in  its  very  nature 
narrow  and  short  sighted.  But  fortunately,  the  first  settlers, 
who  came  to  these  shores,  when  the  principles  of  civil  liber- 
ty and  the  right  of  resistance  to  arbitrary  power  were  in  full 
disrussion  at  home,  brought  with  them  correct  notions  and 
feelings  of  liberty.  Accordingly,  from  the  beginning,  they 
made  a  bold  stand  against  oppression  in  every  form,*  and  left 

*Tlii8  is  evident  from  the  wUole  of  (heir  history.  They  would  not  per- 
mit appeals  to  the  King  in  any  case.  Winthrop's  Journal,  144, 157,  207. 
They  "-efused  to  give  np  their  patent  when  required  by  the  Lords  com- 
missioners.    Ibid.  158,  161.     In   1639,   one  of    their  eueraies   wrote   to 

17 


150  History  of  Massachusetts. 

a  legacy  to  their  posterity,  of  which  we  at  this  day  enjoy  the 
full  benefit.  As  early  as  the  year  1634,  the  charier  of  Mas- 
sachusetts granted  by  Charles  L,was  discussed  before  the  pri- 
vy council, and  it  was  intended  to  declare  it  void,  and  that  the 
privy  council  should  prepare  laws  for  the  better  government 
of  the  colonies,  to  be  enforced  by  the  King's  proclamatiout 
Three  years  after,  a  plan  was  set  on  foot  for  revoking  the 
charter  of  Massachusetts,*  which  undoubtedly  would  have 
been  carried  into  execution,  had  not  the  troubles  then  exist- 
ing in  England  and  the  contention  between  the  King  and  par- 
liament absorbed  all  matters  of  less  immediate  importance. 
During  the  commonwealth,  Cromwell  was  often,  though  un- 
successfully,urged  to  abridge  the  liberties  of  Massachusetts  ; 
in  other  words,  to  violate  or  annul  the  charter. 

The  colonists  therefore  enjoyed  their  rights  and  liberties 
unmolested,  till  in  an  evil  hour  for  them  the  house  of  Stuart 
was  restored  to  the  throne. 

Immediately  after  the  restoration,  was  resumed  the  series 
of  measures  that  ended  in  the  independence  of  the  colonies. 
In  the  year  1660,  Parliament  passed  the  celebrated  naviga- 
tion act— -the  corner  stone  upon  which  all  subsequent  com- 
mercial restrictions  were  built.  By  that  act,  it  was  provid- 
ed, under  very  severie  penalties,  that  no  goods  or  commodi- 
ties should  be  imported  into,  or  exported  from,  any  part  of 
his  majesty's  dominions,  excepting  in  vessels  there  built  and 
belonging  to  his  majesty's  subjects,  and  unless  the  master  and 
three  fourths  of  the  mariners  were  English. t 

Next  followed  what  were  technically  called  acts  of  trade. 
One  of  them,  passed  in  1663,  prohibited  the  colonists  from 
importing  any  European  commodities  into  the  colonies,  ex- 
cepting by  the  way  of  England,  and  in  vessels  built,  purchas- 

England  that  it  was  not  discipline  that  was  now  so  much  aimed  at,  as 
sovereignty  ;  and  that  it  was  accounted  piracy  and  treason  in  oui  Gen- 
eral Court  to  speak  of  appeals  to  the  King-.  Ibid.  176.  In  1640,  when 
Parliament  stood  at  the  height  of  their  power,  it  was  proposed  by  some 
friend  of  the  colony  to  send  over  some  persons  to  solicit  for  us  in  Par- 
liament :  but  we  declined,  lest  putting  ourselves  under  the  protection  of 
Parliament,  we  must  then  be  subject  to  all  such  laws  as  they  should 
make,  &c.  in  which  course,  though  they  should  intend  our  good,  yet  it 
might  prove  very  prejudicial  to  us.     Ibid.  218. 

*  See  observations  on  the  Boston  Port  Bill,  1774,  by  Josiah  Quincy, 
jr.  and  I.  Hutchmson's  History,  p.  87,  &c.     3J  ed. 

j[  The  navigation  act,  it  seems,  was  proposed  by  George  Downing.a  na- 
tive of  New-England,  who  stands  second  on  the  Cambridge  catalogue. 
He  was  a  man  of  talents,  but  crafty  and  intriguing,  and  not  very  friend- 
ly to  his  native  land.  See  Pres.  Adams'  letters  to  Judge  Tudor  and 
others,  published  in  the  volume  with  JNov-Anglos  and  Mas&acbuset- 
tensis. 


History  of  Massachusetts,  131 

ed  or  owned  by  British  subjects,  and  manned  as  required  by 
the  navig  ition  act.  We  will  not  fatigue  our  readers  with  a 
recital  of  these  odious  statutes,  that  were  begotten  in  the 
reigns  of  Charles  and  James  the  second,  William  the  third, 
and  the  Georges.  They  were  all  parts  of  a  sellish  and  ex- 
clusive system  of  commerce,  injurious  both  to  the  colonies 
and  to  ihe  mother  country;  but  still  as  ystcm  that  Great-Brit- 
ain pursues  in  the  main  wiih  such  as  are  at  the  present  day 
blessed  by  being  hercolonifs. 

Notwithstanding  the  continual  and  crafty  designs  of  the 
open  and  secret  enemies  of  Massachusetts,  this  colony  had 
become  quite  flourishing,  and  by  its  commerce  had  added  its 
due  portion  to  the  wealth  of  the  mother  country.  Charles 
11.,  becoming  more  and  more  arbitrary  towards  the  end  of 
his  reign,  made  a  direct  attack  upon  the  charters  of  corpor- 
ate institutions. 

In  1683,  a  writ  of  quo  warranto  was  issuf>d  against  the  city 
of  London,  and  by  a  most  iniquitous  determination  of  the 
judge-,  the  charter  was  declared  forfeited.  Most  of  the  other 
corporations  in  England,  finding  their  own  charters  in 
imminent  danger,  were  inducrd  to  surrender  them  into 
the  hands  of  the  King.  They  knew  very  well  that  it  would  be 
worse  than  idle  to  oppose  the  King,  and  that  perhaps  some 
of  their  privile-ges  might  be  restored,  if  they  would  throw 
themselves  upon  his  tender  mercy. 

In  this  general  desolation  of  chartered  rights,  Massachu- 
setts could  not  expect  an  exemption  from  the  violence  of 
power.  The  fears  of  the  colony  were  fully  realized,  for  the 
very  next  year,  their  charter  was  proceeded  against,  and 
judgment  was  given  against  it  in  chancery.  This  measure, 
unjust  and  arbitrary  as  it  was,  was  yei  in  perfect  keeping  with 
the  general  line  of  conduct  pursued  by  the  mother  countr}'" 
towards  the  colony.  The  charter  was  in  the  nature  of  a 
contract  between  two  pfirtieji.  King  Charles  I.  on  the  one 
part,  and  the  Governor  and  company  of  Massachusetts  Bay 
on  the  other,  for  a  valuable  consideration.  The  King  grant- 
ed them  certain  privile2:es,  on  condition  that  they  would  settle 
the  countrj'",  and  thereby  strengthen  and  increase  his  domin- 
ions; and  one  party  any  more  than  the  other  had  no  right  to 
violate  the  contract  or  recede  from  its  obligations.  The 
company  performed  their  part  faithfully,  adding  largel}''  to 
the  power  and  commerce  of  the  mother  country,  after  vast 
expense,  hardship  and  toil,  through  dangers,  ditficulties  and 
disappointments  almost  innumerable.  The  King  and  his 
successors  were  therefore  bound,  in  justice,  to  respect  their 
part  of  the  agreement,  and  to  extend  the  arm  of  protection, 


132  History  of  Massachu.tetts, 

not  that  of  grasping  tyranny,  over  the  Inhabitants  of  the  col- 
ony. Our  limits  will  not  permit  us  to  consider  this  subject 
as  fully  as  we  could  wish.  It  may  be  found  discussed  in  a 
very  full  and  able  manner  in  Sumner's  defence  of  the  JNew- 
England  charters.  From  the  dissolution  of  the  first  or  co- 
lonial charter,  till  1G91,  Massachusetts,  under  Andross,  pre- 
sented a  melancholy  scene  of  misrule  and  oppression  ;  the 
history  of  that  period  is  full  of  the  unbridled  sway  and  mer- 
ciless extortions  of  that  minion  of  power,  and  of  his  adher- 
ents. 

The  liberties  of  the  colony  had  been  violently  taken  a- 
way  and  the  prospects  of  the  inhabitants  were  full  of  appre- 
hension and  gloom — but  the  abdication  of  the  last  and  most 
odious  of  the  Stuarts  removed  their  despondency,  and  Wil- 
liam of  Orange  brought  in  light  and  hope.  Urgent  attempts 
were  then  made  by  them  to  obtain  a  restoration  of  their  char- 
t,^r,  both  as  a  matter  of  right  and  of  grace  :  but  there  was  at 
that  time,  as  before,  a  lurking  jealousy  in  the  minds  of  the 
English  government  that  the  colony  might  one  day  effect 
an  independence  of  the  mother  country.  The  old  charter,  it 
was  thought,  had  too  much  of  the  vigorous  spirit  of  freedom 
in  its  composition,  and  did  not  provide  a  sufficient  restraining 
power  in  the  hands  of  government.  A  new  charter  was  at 
last  granted,  but,  compared  with  the  old,it  was  the  sun  shorn 
of  his  beams.  Indeed, by  the  first,  but  very  little  pow,er  was 
reserved  to  the  mother  country  in  express  terms,  and  the  co- 
lonists took  spe:;ial  care  that  none  should  be  added  by  con- 
struction. The  weakness  of  the  colony  was  the  safeguard  of 
the  parent,  and  bound  them,  for  a  time,very  closely  together. 
Under  the  first  charter,  the  Governor,  Deputy  Governor  and 
assistants  were  chosen  by  the  company,  with  power  to  make 
any  laws,  provided  they  were  not  repugnant  to  the  laws  of 
England.  By  a  little  latitude  of  construction,  the  colonists 
found  that  the  charter  allowed  them  a  House  of  Deputies  or 
Representatives,  in  addition  to  the  Governor,  Deputy  Gover- 
nor and  assistants.  But  by  the  new  charter,  the  Governor, 
Lt.  GovernoriS^cretary  and  Admiralty  officers,  were  appoin- 
ted directly  by  the  Crown.  The  Governor  was  commander 
in  chief  of  the  militia,  and  he  nominated  all  judges,  justices 
and  sheriffs.  Ajl  laws  enacted  by  the  General  Gourt  w-ere 
to  be  sent  home  to  be  approved  of,  or  disallowed  by  the 
King  ;  and  no  acts  of  government  whatsoever,could  be  valid 
without  the  consent  of  the  Governor  in  writing.  Well 
might  the  colonists  exclaim,  "  this  charter  is  not  much  more 
than  the  shadow  of  the  old  one."  But  still  there  were  seeds 
of  life  in  the  province  charter,  a  protecting  principle  to  the 


History   of  Massachusetts.  1?3 

liberties  of  the  people  :  we  mean,  the  establishment  of  -a 
House  of  Representatives,  chosen  directly  by  the  freehold- 
ers. The  remaining  history  of  the  Province  abundantly 
shows  the  spirit  of  patriotism  and  freedom  that  was  ditluscd 
throu>;h  that  popular  assembly,  and  was  thereby  kept  vigor- 
ous throughout  the  Province.  I'he  opinions  of  electors 
and  delegates  mutually  acted  upon  one  another,  and  con- 
stant intercourse  and  sympathy  served  to  bind  all  in  a 
very  close  union. 

It  has  become  quite  fashionable  of  late  lo  trace  back  the 
revolution  to  some  particular  event.  It  would  be  rather  dif- 
ficult we  think  to  specify  that  event.  For  ourselves  we  say, 
that  the  necessity  existed  in  the  very  nature  of  things,  com- 
bined with  the  principles,  habits  and  feelings  of  the  colonists, 
that  an  independence  of  the  mother  country  nmst  be  assum- 
ed. Pai  ticular  events,  indeed,  hastened  the  completion  of 
the  desired  object  ;  but  a  holy  Providence  never  could  have 
intended  that  a  numerous  and  growing  people,  who  possessed 
religion,  intelligence  and  wealth,  and  the  elements  of  liberty 
and  good  government  within  themselves,  should  be  forever 
hewers  of  xiiood  and  drawers  of  water  to  the  government  of 
an  island  three  thousand  miles  distant.  Look  through  our 
history,  and  observe  the  care,  anxiety  and  jealousy  with 
whirh  the  colonists  watched  their  rights;  with  what  skill  and 
adroitness  they  evaded  whatever  could  be  construed  into  a 
rcco/jnition  of  any  thing  impairing  their  privileges  5  the  gen- 
eral good  order  and  firmness  that  were  exhibited  in  their 
darkest  hours  of  trial,  and  the  increase  and  prosperit}^  that 
crowned  their  industry  and  enterprize.  It  was  not  for  liber- 
ty as  an  abstract  principle,  that  they  were  earnest,  but  for 
that  which  by  its  dissemination  aft'ected  them  in  their  higher 
duties.as  well  as  in  their  common  concerns.  "They  had  form- 
ed for  themselves  a  favorite  point,  the  criterion  of  their  hap- 
piness,'" v/hich  consisted  in  the  natural  and  unalienable  rights 
of  man  as  acknowledged  in  their  charter. 

If  they  saw  any  principle  advocated,  that  as  a  matter  of 
speculation  seemed  injurious,  they  immediately  set  themselves 
in  array  against  it.  "  In  other  countries."  says  Burke,  "  the 
people.,  more  simple  and  of  a  less  mercurial  cast,  judge  of  an 
ill  principle  in  government  only  by  an  actual  grievance — 
here,  they  anticipate  the  evil,  and  judge  of  the  pressure  of 
grievance  by  the  badness  of  the  principle.  They  augur 
mis2;overnment  at  a  distance,  and  snuff  the  approach  of  ty- 
ranny in  every  tainted  breeze." 

For  the  origin  of  the  revolution,  then,  we  do  not  look  to 
any  particular  event ;  though  in  other  circumstances  and  sit- 


134  History  of  Massanhusetts* 

uations  it  might  have  been  delayed  for  years.  The  acts  of 
trade,  the  discussion  of  the  legality  of  writs  of  assistance, 
the  reVenue  laws,  the  quartering  of  troops  upon  the  colonists 
in  time  of  peace,  the  establishment  of  a  custom-house  un- 
der vexations  circumstances,  with  a  host  of  custom-house  of- 
ficers and  commissioners — all  contributed  to  root  out  the  af- 
fection of  the  colonists  for  the  mother  country. 

We  now  come  down  in  the  history  of  the  jirovince  to  the 
year  1760.  It  was  at  this  time,  that  the  British  government 
determined  to  carry  into  full  force  the  acts  of  trade  :  Accor- 
dingly an  order  in  council  was  directed  to  the  custom-house 
officers  in  Massachusetts  to  apply  for  writs  of  assistance  to 
the  superior  court,  empowering  the  officers  and  all  others,  to 
break  and  enter  into  all  houses,  &c.  to  search  for  and  seize 
all  goods,  &c.  on  which  the  taxes  imposed  by  the  acts  of 
trade  had  not  been  paid.  The  court,  who  at  that  time  dis- 
covered grf  at  willingness  to  give  a  wide  construction  to  the 
powers  of  the  Crown  in  the  province,would  have  rejoiced  to 
have  found  any  authority  to  grant  such  wTits ;  but  their  legal- 
ity having  been  boldly  denied  by  the  most  distinguished  laiv- 
yers  in  the  province,  and  being  considered  as  a  direct  en- 
croachment on  the  liberties  of  the  province — arbitrary  and 
unjustifiable,and  a  powerful  instrument  in  supporting  a  wick- 
ed scheme  of  taxation — an  argument  was  had  on  the  ques- 
tion. (Feb.  1761.)  The  court  declared  they  could  see  no 
foundation  for  such  writ,  but  declined  deciding,  till  they 
could  ascertain  from  England  what  had  been  the  practice 
there.  At  the  next  term  of  the  court,  however,  six  months 
afterwards,no  judgment  was  pronounced, and  nothing  further 
was  said  about  the  writs  in  court.  Gridley  argued  the  ques- 
tion in  behalf  of  the  Crown,  and  Thatcher  and  James  Otis 
against  the  writs.  The  argument  of  Otis  was  lull  of  power, 
learning  and  eloquence,  and  produced  a  wonderful  effect. 
That  this  was  the  case,  may  be  learnt  from  history  and  tra- 
dition ;  but  we  are  equally  confirmed  in  the  belief,  when'we 
read  the  outlines  of  the  argument  as  preserved,  and  observe 
the  wide  course  marked  out,  and  recollect  the  character  of 
Otis  as  a  man  of  deep  learning  and  captivating  eloquence. 

The  powers  of  man  have  seldom  been  exerted  with  more 
energy,  or  followed  by  more  beneficial  results.  The  doc- 
trine there  advanced  in  the  boldest  manner,  that  "taxation 
without  representation  is  tyranny,"*  in  a  great  measure  be- 

*  This  doctrine  was,  indeed,  of  much  more  ancient  date;  but  the 
vear  1761,  was  the  fiist  time  it  assumed  such  immense  importance.  Sir 
Edward  Andross  during  bis  administratioa  of  the  goverBmeuta  ordered 


History  of  jMassacfw.iifi/.s,  13.') 

came  the  ground  work  of  the  subsequent  profound  discussion 
of  thepower  of  J*arli.iment,  and  the  rights  of  the  colonies. — 
In  the  words  of  President  Adams,  Otis'  argument  on  that 
occasion  breathed  into  the  nation  the  breath  of  hfc.* 

The  ministry,  being  still  deiermined  that  the  acts  of  trade 
should  be  put  in  force  in  their  strict  operation,  gave  occasion 
to  a  great  deal  of  excitement  in  the  province,  that  continued 
in  full  vigor  till  the  year  1764;  at  which  time  the  history 
mentioned  at  the  head  of  this  article  commences.  During 
that  year,  the  scheme  of  taxing  the  colonies  for  the  purpose 
of  raising  a  revenue^  that  had  been  for  some  time  in  secret  ag- 
itation, was  brought  before  parliament,  and  an  act  was  pas- 
sed laying  a  duty  on  sugars,  &c.  that  was  followed  the  very 
next  year  by  the  stamp  act.  The  project  for  raising  a  rev- 
enue in  America  was  received  with  the  greatest  alarm.  It  is 
interesting  to  trace  the  progress  of  opinions  on  this  subject 
in  the  colonies.  The  acts  of  navigation  and  the  early  acts 
of  trade  our  ancestors  chose  not  to  consider  binding  here,  till, 
complaints  having  been  made  of  the  fact  in  England,  it  was 
intimated  that  those  acts  must  be  observed.  They  therefore 
passed  a  law  declaring  them  to  be  in  force  in  the  province, 
and  directing  that  they  should  be  obeyed  ;  so  that  these  acts 
were  not  considered  binding  here,  till  the  General  Court  had 
so  ordered.  These,  and  the  subsequent  acts  of  trade,having 
grown  with  the  growth  of  the  colonies  ;  and  the  colonists, 
having  been  habituated  to  them  from  their  early  hours  of  in- 
fancy and  weakness,  were  neither  fully  aware   of  the  great 

certain  citizens  of  Ipswich  to  be  broug^bt  to  answer  at  court,  for  not 
choosing  Commissioners  to  tax  the  tcnvn.  They  pleaded  the  privileges 
of  Englishmen,  that  thej'  shnuld  not  be  taxed  '.vithont  their  consent. — 
Magnalia,  b.  ii.  p.  43,  44.  Sir  William  Jones,  attorney  general,  when 
it  was  proposed  to  govern  the  plantations  without  assemblies,  tcld  James 
II.  that  he  could  no  more  grant  a  commission  to  levy  msney  en  his  sub- 
jects without  their  consent  by  an  assembly,  than  »hey  could  discharge 
themselves  from  their  allegiance  to  the  English  crown, — lb.  et  seq. 
On  receiving  the  new  charter  in  169"2,  ttie  General  Court  published  cer- 
tain resolutions,  in  which  they  claimed  the  sole  and  exclusive  right  ta 
levy  taxes,  aids,  &c. 

*  A  very  interesting  sketch  of  Otis'  argument  may  be  found  in  the 
animated  letters  of  Pres.  Adams  to  the  late  Judge  Tudor,  before  men- 
tioned, and  in  Tudor's  life  of  Otis.  While  we  are  upon  (his  subject,  we 
would  pay  our  tribute  of  praise  to  Mr.  Tudor's  classical  work ;  and 
would  earnestly  recommend  it  to  the  attention  and  patronage  of  our 
readers.  Besi  les  a  sketch  of  Otis,  it  contains  interesting  notices  of  oth- 
er distinguished  men,his  contemporaries  in  the  province,  and  in  the  form 
of  a  memoir  or  biography,  introduces  us  much  more  familiarly  into  the 
spirit  and  character  of  the  times  than  coHld  be  done  in  tha  more  forma! 
dress  o>f  history. 


136  History  of  Massachusetts, 

restraint  they  occasioned,  nor,  if  they  had  been,  were  they 
in  a  situation  to  ofter  open   resistance. 

But  in  the  year  1764,  Massachusetts  numbered  more  than 
250,000  inhabitants;  and  the  other  twelve  colonies  were  ra- 
pidly increasing.  It  could  not,  therefore,  be  expected  that  they 
would  tamely  submit  to  any  thing  in  the  shape  of  a  tax,  that 
was  not  granted  by  themselves.     The  statesmen  of  that  peri- 
od were  not  however  then  prepared  to  deny  the  right  of  the 
mother  country  in  every  case  to  tax  the  colonies,  nor  were 
the  great  body  of  the  people  then  sufficiently  enlightened  up- 
on the  nature  of  government,and  the  restrictions  that  ought  to 
be  placed  on  the  power  of  the  parent.     To  avoid  this   bold 
proposition,  a  distinction  was  taken  between  external  and  in- 
ternal taxation,  and  supported  with   vast  ingenuity.     It   was 
contended  that  parliament,  being  the  supreme  legislative   au- 
thority, had  a  right    to   impose  external    taxes,   or    in  other 
words,  taxes  to  regulate  trade  ;  but  had  no  right  to  impose  in- 
ternal taxes,  without  representation.     After  the  repeal  of  the 
stamp  act,  Charles  Townsend,   chancellor  of  the  exchequer^ 
indulging  in  the  golden  dream  of  raising  a  revenue  in  America, 
eagerly  seized  hold  of  the  distinction  made  by  our  statesmen 
between  external  and  internal  taxes.     The  stamp  act  was  in 
reality  an  instance  of  internal  taxation.  That  act  had  become 
unpopular  with  many  who  had  assisted  in  bringing  it  into  ex- 
istence, and   amongst   others,   with  the    chancellor  himself. 
No   attempt   therefore  could  be  made  to  revive   that,    or   an 
act  of  a  similar  nature.     The    chancellor  took  advantage  of 
the  distinction  we  have  mentioned,  and  introduced  a  bill   into 
Parliament  laying  duties  on  teas,  paper,  glass,  and  other  arti- 
cles imported  into  the  colonies.     The  duties  were  high,  and  a 
multitude  of  commissioners  and  custom-house  officers  were 
sent  to  these  shores  to  enforce  the  new  regulations.     Upon  the 
principle  taken  by  the  colonists  themselves,  these  new  acts 
could  not  be  found  fault  with,  on  the  ground  that  parliament 
had  exceeded  their  power;  but  the  duties  were  so  high,  the 
custom-house  regulations,  and  the  conduct  of  its  officers  so 
vexatious,  that  it  was  impossible  for  a  high  minded  people  to 
witness  the  operation  of  these  acts  in  silence.     Instead  of  reg- 
ulating trade,  the  tendency  of  the  art  was  to  destroy  it,  and 
the  direct  purpose  to  raise  a  revenue.  Another  ground  assum- 
ed, was,  that  although  Parliament  was  the  supreme  legisla- 
tive authority,  and  had  a  right  to  make  laws  binding    upon 
the  colonies  in  all  cases,  yet  that  this  authority  'must  be  re- 
strained by  the  eternal  rules  of  justice  and  equity,  and  exert- 
ed only  for  the  benefit  of  the  colonies.     It  is  manifest  that 


History  of  Massachusetts.  137 

Uiccording  to  this  doctrine,  the  liberties  of  the  people  were 
left  to  tlie  will  of  parliament,  who  must  be  the  judge  in 
their  own  case,  and  that  every  safeguard  erected  by  the 
charter  was  set  afloat  on  the  merciless  sea  of  ministerial 
opinion. 

Different  views  existed  amongst  the  patriots  themselves  as 
to  the  extent  of  parliamentary  authority  on  the  one  hand 
and  colonial  dcpendance  on  the  other ;  but  the  power  of 
parliament  to  regulate  trade  was  as  fully  admitted,  as  the  ex- 
ercise of  that  power  was  denied  for  the  purpose  of  internal 
taxation.  The  distinction  taken  between  internal  and  ex- 
ternal taxation  seems  to  have  been  a  favorite  one.  Indeed, 
it  was  the  middle  ground  between  a  complete  denial  of  any 
authority  in  parliament  over  them,  and  the  entire  subjection 
of  the  colonies. 

In  reason,  there  is  but  little  distinction  between  these  two 
classes  of  taxes.  External  taxes,  or  revenue  laws,  may  be 
as  oppressive  as  internal  taxes  ;  for  the  former,  whatever 
the  duties  may  be,  fall  at  last  upon  the  consumer;  and  if  he 
is  obliged  to  pay  more  for  any  article  in  consequence  of 
these  duties  than  he  would  have  been  without,  it  is  as  much 
a  tax  as  an  excise  or  land  tax.  In  the  case  of  the  colonies, 
the  articles  on  which  heavy  duties  were  laid,  were  almost 
necessaries  of  life,and  then  again  other  manufactured  articles, 
imported  and  taxed,  they  were  obliged  to  purchase  or  else 
be  deprived  of  many  essential  comforts. 

In  reality,  parliament  had  no  authority  of  any  name,  na- 
ture or  description  whatsoever  over  the  colonies.*     Consid- 

*  The  House  of  Representatives  in  their  answer  to  the  Governor's 
speech,  Jan.  1773,  approach  this  ground  with  great  boldness.  "Your 
Excellency  tells  us,  '  you  know  of  no  line  that  can  be  drawn  between 
the  supreme  authority  of  parliament  and  the  total  independence  of  the 
colonies.'  If  there  be  no  such  line,  the  consequence  is  either  that  the 
colonies  are  the  vassals  of  the  parliament,  or  that  they  are  totally  inde- 
pendent. As  it  cannot  be  supposed  to  have  been  the  intention  of  the 
parties  in  the  compact  that  we  should  be  reduced  to  a  state  of  vassallage, 
the  conclusion  is,  that  it  was  their  sense  that  we  were  thusindependent. 
'  It  is  impossible,  '  your  Excellency  says,  '  that  there  should  be  two  in- 
dependent legislatures  in  one  and  the  same  state.'  May  we  not  then 
further  conclude,  that  it  was  their  sense  that  the  colonies  were  by  their 
charters  made  distinct  states  from  the  mother  country  .''  Your  Ex- 
cellency adds,  '  for  althovjgh  there  may  be  but  one  head  the  king,  yet 
the  two  legislative  bodies  will  make  two  governments  as  distinct  as  the 
kingdoms  of  England  and  Scotland  before  the  Union.'  Vpry  true, 
may  it  please  your  Excellency ,and  if  they  interfere  not  with  each  other, 
whathiaders,  but  that,  being  united  in  one  head  and  common  sovereign, 
they  may  live  happily  in  that  couaection,  and  mutually  support  and 
protect  each  other  ?" 

18 


138  History  of  Massachusetts. 

ered  as  discovered  by  the  English,  the  whole  power  over 
the  country  as  far  as  mere  discovery  was  of  avail,  was  ia 
the  King,  who  granted  to  the  settlers  the  country,  upon  cer- 
tain conditions,  with  a  government  of  their  own.  But  the 
setders,  that  their  titles  might  be  valid,  purchased  the  soil  of 
the  natives.  Nothing  was  due  to  the  King,  but  allegiance, 
from  which  the  colonists  were  by  the  laws  of  nature  and  of 
compacts  absolved,  whenever  he  violated  the  contract. 
Nominally,  their  right  to  the  soil  arose  from  the  contract 
with  the  King  ;  but  by  far  the  best  title  they  had  came  by 
virtue  of  faiir  purchase  from  the  natives. 

We  cannot  follow  Mr.  Bradford  through  his  history  in 
course.  It  will  be  found  to  contain  an  interesting  and  faith- 
ful narrative  of  the  events  that  occurred  in  Massachusetts  for 
the  eleven  years  preceding  the  war  of  the  revolution,  and  is 
intended  to  supply  the  void  occasioned  by  the  death  of 
Judge  Minot,  whose  history  reaches  no  farther  than  the  end 
of  the  year  1764. 

Our  author  begins  with  the  more  immediate  origin  of  the 
dispute  between  the  colonies  and  England,occasioned  by  the 
high  duties  imposed  on  sugars  and  molasses — the  different 
acts  of  parliament  and  the  various  purposes  and  vacillating 
policy  of  the  ministry — the  manly  resistance  of  the  council 
and  house — the  occupation  of  Boston  by  the  military — the 
consequent  alarm  and  disturbances  among  the  people,  and 
the  issue  of  the  whole,  in  an  appeal  to  arms.  It  was  the 
misfortune  of  the  province  to  be  continually  the  sport  of  the 
higher  powers  in  England,  in  consequence  principally  of  the 
misrepresentations  that  were  constantly  sent  home  relative 
to  the  situation  of  the  province,  the  characters  and  motives 
of  the  principal  patriots,  and  the  nature  and  strength  of  the 
opposition  to  the  arbitrary  measures  of  the  ministry.  It  was 
no  doubt  owing  to  these  misrepresentations  that  the  commis- 
sioners and  custom-house  officers  were  appointed,  and  troops 
sent  over  to  support  them  and  awe  the  popular  party. 

Subsequent  events  fully  proved  how  much  the  ministry 
mistook  the  character  of  the  people.  The  troops  were 
worse  than  useless,  for  the  real  purpose  for  which  they  were 
designed  and  sent  here,  but  in  the  issue  favorable  to  the 
province,  by  hastening  the  hostilities  that  some  of  the  wisest 
and  best  of  the  patriots  saw  already,  though  dimly  shadow- 
ed out  in  the  future.  The  troops  were  too  few  in  number 
to  strike  awe  and  terror  into  the  breasts  of  the  people,  but 
numerous  enough  to  excite  animosities,  heart  burnings  and 
contentions.     The   sad  occurrences  of    the  fifth  of  March, 


History  of  MassachuftttM.  139 

1770,  wrought  the  people  up  to  a  degree  of  feeling  and  pas- 
sion little  short  of  frenzy,  and  had  not  the  troops  been 
immediately  removed  from  the  metropolis,  increased  excite- 
ment and  hatred  and  more  sanguinary  conflicts  would  have 
ensued,  that  might  have  prematurely  hastened  the  separa- 
tion of  the  two  coimtrics.  We  cannot  agree  with  Mr.  Brad- 
ford in  his  opinion  of  the  firing  of  the  soldiers  on  the  fifth 
of  March.  In  the  first  part  of  the  evening,  there  had  been 
a  battle  between  a  party  of  the  soldiers  and  some 
citizens,  in  which  the  latter  was  successful,  and  drove  the 
soldiers  to  their  barracks.  Our  author  says,  "  if  it  were 
proper  to  separate  this  particular  affair  from  the  assaults 
which  had  been  already  made  by  the  soldiers,  it  must  be  ad- 
mitted that  the  first  attack,  though  without  design  to  perpe- 
trate any  deadly  act,  was  from  the  inhabitants."  But  we 
altogether  deny  the  justice  of  connecting  this  affair  with 
any  that  happened  earlier  in  the  same  evening;  it  had  no 
sort  of  connexion  with  it.  The  party  of  soldiers  out  early 
in  the  evening  was  a  different  party  from  the  one  that  fired ; 
and  doubtless  a  large  portion  of  the  people  was  different, 
and  thus  much  may  be  inferred  from  the  trial.  The  last  af- 
fair stands  distinct,  and  by  itself.  Although  much  of  the  ev- 
idence at  the  trial  could  not  be  reconciled,  there  was  an 
abundance  to  show  that  the  sentinel  lawfully  stationed  at 
the  custom-house,  was  abused  and  violently  threatened  and 
assaulted ;  that  he  was  alone,  and  surrounded  by  a  mob  ;  that 
Capt.  Preston  came  to  his  relief  with  a  party  of  his  soldiers  ; 
that  on  his  arrival,  the  crowd,  assembled  for  an  unlawful 
purpose,  increased,  and  encroached  upon  them,  using  the 
most  abusive  language ;  that  missiles  were  sent  which  struck 
them,  and  that  their  lives  were  threatened.  Under  all  these 
circumstances,  which  we  think  were  substantiated  on  the  tri- 
al, they  had  a  right  to  fire  in  self  defence.  We  do  not  mean 
to  excuse  the  soldiers  in  other  instances,  when  undoubtedly 
their  conduct  was  violent  and  unjustifiable.  Generally  they 
were  the  first  to  engage  in  (juarrcls  and  deeds  of  disturbance  ; 
but  the  people  assembled  on  that  fatal  evening  must  be  con- 
sidered as  having  begun  the  attack  that  resulted  in  the  death 
of  some  of  their  number.  The  great  body  of  the  citizens, 
and  the  character  of  the  metropolis,  ought  not  to  suffer  in 
consequence  of  the  affair  ;  for  mobs  will  collect  and  commit 
their  acts  of  violence  in  populous,though  well  governed  towns, 
before  the  arm  of  the  law  can  be  interposed  to  prevent 
them.  The  magnanimity  and  independence  of  the  jury  in 
acquitting  the  soldiers,  notwithstanding  the  general  odium 
existing  against  them,  and  the  general  expectation  not  to  say 


14'0  History  of  Massachusetts. 

wish  that  they  should  be  convicted,  are  worthy  of  the  high- 
est praise.* 

The  union  of  the  colonies  for  the  purpose  of  mutual  sup- 
port and  assistance,  was  proposed  at  a  very  early  period  of 
American  history  ;  and  again  at  various  times  till  the  revo- 
lution. It  is  evident  to  remark  that  such  a  union  would  na- 
turally tend  to  bind  the  colonies  more  closely  together  in 
feeling  and  interest, and  cement  them  in  case  of  danger  by  a 
more  than  ordinary  sympathy.  These  confederations  of 
the  colonies  were  in  no  small  measure  like  treaties  entered 
into  between  separate  independent  states,  and  were  among 
the  many  ways  in  which  the  spirit  of  liberty  was  continual- 
ly making  itself  manifest.  As  early  as  the  year  1643,  a 
union  was  forraetl  between  the  colonies  of  Massachusetts,Ply- 
mouth,  New-Haven  and  Connecticut,  for  the  purpose  of 
common  defence ;  being  under  the  obligation  of  assisting 
each  other  with  a  certain  quota  of  troops,  and  each  appoint- 
ing commissioners  to  meet  together  at  certain  times,  having 
power  to  declare  war  against  the  Indians,  &c.  Again,  in 
1745,  a  more  general  union  was  proposed — each  colony  to 
choose  members  of  a  grand  council — the  council  to  choose 
their  speaker — a  president-general  to  be  appointed,  as  a 
representative  of  majesty — The  council  to  assemble  at  stat- 
ed periods,  and  when  in  session,  to  declare  war — make  peace 
— conclude  treaties — levy  taxes,  &c.  for  certain  general  ob- 
jects. The  plan  at  full  length  may  be  found  in  Minot, 
where  we  are  informed  that  it  was  neither  pleasing  to  the 
colonists  nor  to  the  King  :  the  former  thinking  that  the 
crown  had  too  much  power  reserved  to  itsell  by  the  scheme, 
and  on  the  other  hand,  the  crown  being  afraid  of  its  too  de- 
mocratical  tendency.  The  congress  of  1765  was  also  pro- 
ductive of  much  good.  It  brought  together  distinguished 
men  from  the  different  colonies,  and  gave  them  a  single 
point  of  interest  in  the  common  cause. 

*We  have  by  us  the  trial  of  the  soldiers,  before  Lynde,  Cushing',  Oliver 
and  Trowbridge,  justices  of  the  Superior  court,  held  in  Boston  27th 
Nov.  1770.  The  prosecution  was  conducted  by  Robert  T.  Paine  and 
.  Samuel  Quincy,Esqrs.  and  the  defence  by  John  Adams  and  Josiah  Quin- 
cy,  Esqrs.  The  evidence  is  set  down  at  length,  as  also  the  arguments 
of  Adams  and  the  two  Quincys.  The  two  Quincys  were  brothers. 
There  is  no  greater  proof  of  fearless  resolution,  than  the  counsel  for 
the  prisoners  exhibited  in  undertaking  the  defence,  when  the  prejudices 
of  the  whole  province  were  so  strong-  against  the  prisoners.  But  truth 
and  justice,  the  law  snd  evidence  prevailed — conclusively  shewing  that 
men  who  could  keep  their  minds  unbiassed  on  such  ao  occision,  were 
already  fit  to  enjoy  a  free  system  of  government. 


History  of  Massachusdts.  141 

Mr.  Bradford's  book  will  prove,  wc  think,  quite  a  uselul 
work.  It  contains  an  interesting  narrative  of  facts  and 
events,  and  fills  up  the  hitherto  unoccupied  years  between 
the  close  of  ftlinot's  history  and  the  revolutionary  war.  It 
is  written  without  any  pretension  to  style  or  ornament ;  and 
we  feel  much  indebted  to  him,  not  only  ior  this  work,  but  al- 
so for  the  volume  of  state  papers  that  he  published  a  few 
years  since.*  He  has  thus  rendered  a  valuable  service  to 
the  community,  and  one  which  he  must  have  almost  felt  bound 
to  make  in  consequence  of  his  favorable  situation  and  access 
to  public  documents  and  papers,  it  is  not,  however,  a  work 
that  can  be  held  up  as  a  model  for  history;  nor  does  it  as- 
sume such  a  character.  Indeed  there  is  no  such  history  of 
Massachusetts,  nothing  that  can  claim  Cicero's  commenda- 
tion, "  historia  est  testis  temporum,  lux  veritatis,  vitae  memo- 
ria,  magistra  vitae,  nuncia  vetustatis." 

The  time  now  is  that  a  good  history,  a  philosophical  his- 
tory, is  justly  expected.  The  materials  exist  in  abundance, 
in  Winthrop,  Morton,  Johnson,  Hubbard,  Mather,  I'rince, 
Hutchinson,  Minot,  Holmes,  Bradford,  and  in  a  multitude 
of  pamphlets,  essays,  sermons  and  newspapers.  Compara- 
tively few  study  our  history.  And  why  ?  Because  the  great 
mass  of  readers  can  attach  no  interest  to  it.  It  must  be  al- 
lowed that  our  compilations  are  any  thing  but  classical  worlds; 
and  that  it  requires  some  little  resolution  to  go  vigorously  to 
work  in  the  perusal.  But  we  would  advise  all  such,  if  they 
love  the  character  of  their  ancestors,  to  study  it  in  the  works 
we  have  mentioned.  We  will  assure  them  that  the  author 
will  be  but  little  regarded,  that  the  magnitude  of  the  events, 
the  strength  of  character  and  purpose,  the  love  of  freedom, 
and  the  incessant  resistance  to  all  encroachments  upon  it, 
manifested  by  the  puritans — will  fill  them  with  admiration, 
and  cause  them  with  grateful  feelings  to  thank  Heaven  for 
the  land  of  their  nativity. 

It  is  time  also  to  expect  a  good  history  of  the  United  States,, 
from  the  discovery  of  America,  up  to  the  revolution  at  least. 
There  is  no  dilficulty  in  collecting  materials  ;  they  are  found 
almost  without  number  from  the  early  English,  French  and 
Spanish  writers,  through  the  state  histories,  public  documents, 
historical  and  antiquarian   collections,  down  to  the   present 

*  Massachusetts  State  Papers  from  1764  to  1775,  containing'  Govern- 
or's speeches  ;  Answers  of  the  Council  and  House  ;  Resolutions,  Ad- 
dresses, and  other  public  papers.  Printed  at  Boston,  by  Russell  and 
Gardner,  \Qlii. 


142  History  of  Massachwdtt. 

times,*  We  have  men  able  to  give  us  a  history  that  might 
rank  with  that  of  Gibbon,  or  with  the  annals  of  Tacitus  •,  but 
it  is  not  every  one  who  can  write  a  history. — There  is  as 
much  diflerence  between  a  mere  compiler  or  narrator  of 
events,  and  a  real  historian,  as  there  is  between  one  who  per- 
forms his  work  mechanically,  and  one  who  understands  the 
saffie  on  scientific  principles.  The  compiler  will  relate 
events  as  they  occurred  with  all  due  fidehty,  and  then  he  is 
at  the  end  of  his  tether.  But  the  true  historian  will  let  you 
into  the  hearts  of  the  great  actors  in  the  political  drama  ; 
shew  you  the  secret  motives  and  springs  of  action  ;  how  one 
recent  event  is  connected  with  another  widely  remote — the 
chain  by  which  they  are  connected;  why  in  the  nature  of 
things  what  did  take  place  must  have  taken  place.  It  is  requir- 
ed of  him,  that  he  be  deeply  read  in  the  history  of  other  na- 
tions ancient  and  modern ;  that  he  understand  human  nature 
in  its  whole  extent — the  great  law  of  cause  and  efrect,and  that 
he  possess  in  full  measure  the  spirit  of  good  learning,research, 
ability,  discrimination,  impartiality,  philosophy,  and  that  in- 
dustry which  stops  not — till  its  end  is  accomplished.  His 
work  must  be  a  work  of  time  :  the  result  of  Sir  John  Fortes- 
tue's  "  viginti  annorum  lucubrationes." 

Besides  possessing  the  elements  of  a  good  history,  and 
men  competent  to  gather  and  work  up  the  scattered  materi- 
als, there  is  an  advantage  we  enjoy  over  most  other  nations, 
in  having  nothing  fabulous  relating  to  our  origin.  When 
Greece  was  first  settled,  the  early  events  in  her  history,  the 
character  of  her  first  men,  are  all  so  mixed  up  with  uncer- 
tainty and  fable,  that  it  is  impossible  to  separate  the  true 
from  the  false.  Equally  dark  is  the  early  history  of  Rome : 
indeed  the  greater  part  of  it  for  more  than  a  century  may  be 
considered  almost  entirely  fabulous.  For  when  Rome  was 
sacked  by  the  Gauls,  all  the  early  histories  of  the  republic 
were  destroyed.  And  in  later  times,  the  history  of  France, 
even  down  to  the  reign  of  Charlemagne,  is  obscure,  and  the 
deeds  attributed  to  that  great  man  are  many  of  them  only 
very  interesting  fictions.  The  Saxon  chronicles  are  liable 
to  no  small  suspicion  ;  and  the  history  of  the  Britons,  before 
Julius  Caesar  was  in  the  island,  is  but  very  little  known.  But 
the  American  colonists  were  not  hordes  of  ignorant  and  un- 

♦  Indeed  there  never  has  been  so  favorable  a  time  as  the  present  for 
this  purpose  :  The  collection  of  books  relating  to  America  in  the  libra* 
ry  of  the  University  at  Cambridge,  including  the  Ebeling  library,and  in 
the  Boston  Atheneum,  will  be  found  to  contain  almost  every  Tfork  in 
any  way  touching  ihe  history  of  this  country. 


Biographical  J^otiees.  143 

civilized  men.  They  came  into  existence  at  a  time  when 
light  and  knowledge,  the  principles  of  liberty,  civil  and  re- 
ligious, were  fast  raising  man  to  his  natural  dignity.  These 
they  possessed  in  full  measure  and  were  ardent  in  their 
endeavors  to  secure  and  to  extend  them.  The  task  of  the 
American  historian  is,  then,  full  of  dignity  and  importance. 
It  is  a  task  more  exalted  than  that  of  the  historian  of  any 
other  people ;  because  the  world  is  deriving  much  signal 
benefit  from  the  example  here  set  them  of  the  successful  de- 
fence of  the  natural  and    unalienable  rights  of  man. 

We  cannot  conclude  without  expressing  our  hope,  that  we 
shall  have,  before  many  years,  a  good  history  of  the  United 
States,  from  some  of  our  distinguished  citizens. 


Note  to  page  132. — The  reader  is  desired  to  correct  an  error  in  the  4th  line. 
For  Sumner's,  read  Dummtr's.  Jeremiah  Dumnier,  Author  of  the  Defence  of  the 
New-England  charters,  was  born  in  Boston ;  was  grandson  of  Richard  Duminer, 
one  of  the  principal  settlers  in  Mass. ;  graduated  at  Harvard  college  in  1699.  He 
was  agent  for  the  province,  in  England,  and  wrote  his  Defence  in  1721.  Dummer 
was  a  scholar,  and  a  ripe  one.  His  work  is  full  of  ingenuity,  talent  and  patriot- 
ism, and  is  written  in  a  very  neat  and  flowing  style. 

The  reader  will  also  in  Uie  19th  line,  read  affect  toi effect,  and  in  the  31st  line  of 
the  aext  page,  read  diminvtion  for  ditseminaiion. 


SHORT  NOTICES  OF  PERSONS  IN  NEW-ENGLAND. 

Humphrey  Atherton. 

This  gentleman  was  (he  fifth  Major  General  of  the'  colo- 
ny of  Massachusetts.  His  prodecessors  were  Thomas  Dud- 
ley, John  Endicot,  Edward  Gibbons  and  Robert  Sedgwick, 
names  well  known  to  those  acquainted  with  the  early  annaU 
of  New-England.  He  emigrated  from  England  to  this  coun- 
try at  an  early  period  and  settled  in  the  town  of  Dorchester. 
In  1643,  he  Avas  sent  with  Capt.  Cook  and  Edward  Johnson, 
author  of  the  Wonderworking  Providence,  to  arrest  Samuel 
Gorton  and  his  company,  who  had  given  the  colony  so  much 
disturbance.  The  next  year,  he  was  invested  with  the 
command  of  the  band  in  Dorchester,  and  about  the  same 
time  was  sent  on  an  expedition  against  the  Indians,  The 
United  ColonieSjhaving  raised  an  army  to  protect  Uncas,  the 


144  Biographical  Noticts. 

sachem  of  the  Mohegans,  against  the  Narragansetts,  the  lat- 
ter were  obliged  to  sue  for  a  peace,  which  was  agreed  upon, 
on  condition  that  the  Narragansetts  should  pay  to  the  Eng- 
lish the  charges  which  had  arisen,  and  send  the  sons  of  their 
sachems  for  hostages,  until  payment  should  be  made.  The 
Indians  disregarding  their  promises,  "Capt.  Atherton  had 
the  courage  with  a  very  few  English,  to  visit  and  enter  the 
very  wigwam  of  the  old  sachem  Ninigret,  and  catching  the 
Sachem  there  by  his  hair,  with  a  pistol  at  his  breast,  in  plain 
English  protested,  '  that  if  he  did  not  take  effectual  order  to 
answer  the  English  demands,  he  was  a  dead  man.'  An  hor- 
rid consternation  seized  all  the  Indians  upon  the  sight  of  so 
extravagant  an  action,  and  though  multitudes  stood  ready  to 
let  fly  upon  Capt.Atherton,yet  their  hearts  failed  them.  They 
submitted  and  there  was  an  end."*  Capt.  Atherton  was  cho- 
sen an  Assistant  of  the  colony  in  1654,  and  soon  alter  was  ap- 
pointed Major  General.  "While  in  the  last  office,  he  took  an 
active  part  in  the  persecution  against  the  Quakers,  who,  as 
his  death  was  sudden,  in  consequence  of  a  fall  from  his  horse 
while  attending  a  military  review,  regarded  the  event  as  the 
judgment  of  God.  Johnson  describes  him  as  "  a  very  lively 
courageous  man  ;  one  of  a  cheerful  spirit  and  entire  for  the 
country."!  In  the  Dorchester  burying  ground,  there  is  the 
following  epitaph  to  his  memory. 

"Heare  lyes  our  captaine,  and  major  of  Suffolk  was  withall, 

"A  godly  magistrate  was  he,  and  Major  General!. 

"Two  troops  of  hors  with  hira  here  came,  such  love  his  wortfa 

did  crave, 
"Ten  corapanyes  of  foot  also,  mourning  marcht  to  his  grave. 
"Let  all  who  read,  be  sure  to  keep  the  faith  as  he  hath  don  ; 
"With  Christ  he  lives  now  crown'd.     His  name  was  Humphry 
Atherton. 

"He  dyed,  the  16lh  of  September,  1661.  f 
One  of  Major  Atherton's  sons,  named  Hope,  received  a 
liberal  education.  He  was  graduated  at  Harvard  college  in 
1665.  In  1667  and  68,  he  instructed  the  school  in  Dorches- 
ter, and  was  afterwards  settled  in  the  ministry  at  Hatfield. 
He  was  in  the  Fall  Fight  in  1675,  as  mentioned  in  our  Col- 
lections for  the  last  year,  page  292. 


*  Mather's  Magnalia,  book  vii,  p.  45. 

•)•  Wonderwork.  Prov.  book  i.  chap.  45  :  and  book  ii.  chap.  23. 

X  Hubbard  pUces  his  death  in  1665. 


Biographical  J^otices*  146 

Wyseman  Cla«ett. 

Hon.  Wyseman  Clagett  was  born  and  educated  in  Eng- 
land and  admitted  as  a  barrister  at  law  in  the  court  of  the 
King's  Bench.  He  afterwards  took  a  voyage  to  Antigua, 
where  he  met  with  a  very  flattering  reception  by  the  princi- 
pal people  of  the  island,  and  particularly  by  a  gentleman  of 
fortune,  who,as  an  inducement  to  his  remaining  there, though 
a  stranger,  settled  upon  him  a  handsome  annuity  for  life. 
Here  he  was  also  appointed  a  notary  public  and  secretary 
of  the  island.  He  remained  there,  performing  the  duties  of 
these  offices  and  his  professional  business  with  success  aid  to 
general  satisfaction  seven  years,  and  until  after  the  decease 
of  his  particular  friend  and  generous  benefactor.  He  then' 
came  to  this  country,  and  settled  in  Portsmouth,  where  he 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  the  superior  court,and  was  soon  af- 
terwards appointed  a  justice  of  the  peace  and  of  the  quorum, 
and  King's  Attorney  General  of  the  then  province  of  Nev,- 
Hampshire.  He  afterwards  removed  to  Litchfield.  He 
was  warmly  attached  to  the  principles  of  the  revolution  and 
took  part  with  the  people  at  the  risk  of  much  of  his  proper- 
ty, then  within  the  power  of  the  Britis4i   governmen* The 

people  confided  to  him  several  important  offices.  The  to-.^ns 
of  Litchfield  and  Nottingham-West  being  classed,  elected  him 
to  represent  them  several  years  in  General  Court ;  afterwards 
the  latter  town  being  set  off,  and  Derryfield  (now  Manches- 
ter) classed  with  Litchfield,  he  w^as  several  years  elected  to 
represent  those  towns. — But  being  omitted  one  year  by 
his  own  district,  the  towns  of  Merrimack  and  Bedford,  as  a 
mark  of  high  confidence  and  respect,  elected  him  to  repre- 
sent them,  though  he  was  not  an  inhabitant  of  either  of 
those  towns.  0f  this  election  he  often  spoke  with  pleasure 
and  gratitude.  He  v/as  one  of  the  council  of  safety,  and 
took  an  active  part  in  forming  the  first  constitution  of  the 
state  government  and  was  afterwards  appointed  Attorney- 
General  for  the  state.  As  a  classical  scholar,especially  in  the 
Greek  and  Latin  languages,  he  was  excelled  by  few  of  his 
time,  and  in  the  latter  he  could  converse  with  ease  and  fluen- 
cy. In  Alden's  Collections,  there  is  a  copy  of  an  inscription 
on  an  elegant  marble  baptismal  vase  in  Portsmouth,  which 
is  said  to  have  been  written  by  Mr.  Clagett.  He  was  of  a 
lively  turn  of  mind,  and  though  of  a  quick  temper  and  of  a 
stern  appearancr,was  afiable  and  facetious;  in  his  friendship, 
sincere  and  undeviating  ;  and  in  his  integrity,  inflexible. 
19 


146  Biographical  J^otices. 

He  lived  63  years  and  4  months,  and  died  at  Litchfield,Dec. 

4,  1784. 


Matthew  Patten. 

[The  following  Notice  was  sent  to  us  for  the  N.H.  Gazetteer,  but  was  received  to» 
late  for  that  work.] 

Matthew  Patten,  Esq.  was  among  the  first  settlers  of  Bed- 
ford. He  was  born  in  Ireland,  May,  19,  1719,  emigrated  to 
this  country  in  1 728,  and  came  to  Souhegan-East,  now  Bed- 
ford, in  1738.  In  the  year  1776  and  1777,  he  represented 
that  town  in  the  general  court.  In  1776,  he  was  appointed 
Judge  of  Probate  in  the  county  of  Hillsborough,  succeeding 
Col.  Gofie,  who  was  the  first  after  the  county  was  constitut- 
ed. In  1778,  he  was  a  member  of  the  council.  He  was  for 
a  long  period  a  civil  magistrate,having  been  appointed  a  jus- 
tice of  the  peace  by  Governor  Benning  Wentworth  about  the 
year  1 736.  Mr.  Patten  was  a  man  well  known  and  much  re- 
spected.    He  died  at  Bedford,  Aug.  27,  1795,  aged  76. 


George  Frost 

Was  born  at  New-Castle,  N.  H.  His  ancestors  were  re- 
spectable and  early  settlers  in  this  state.  They  came  from 
England  about  the  year  1680.  Under  the  provincial  govern- 
ment of  New-Hampshire,  he  held  the  office  of  justice  of  the 
peace  and  quorum  ;  and  was  much  esteemed  by  Benning 
Wentworth.governor  of  the  province.  Though  Mr.Frost  was 
in  favor  with  the  royal  government,  he  was  an  early,  zealous 
and  constant  supporter  of  the  American  revolution.  He 
was  a  delegate  from  this  state  in  the  congress  of  the  United 
States  for  the  years  1776,  1777,  and  1779  ;  one  of  the  first 
judges  of  the  court  of  common  pleas  in  the  county  of  Straf- 
ford, and  for  many  years  chief-justice  of  that  court.  He 
died  at  Durham,  where  he  lived  many  years,  June  21,1796, 
aged  77. 


John  Emerson. 

Rev.  John  Emerson  was  the  first  ordained  minister  of 
New-Castle.  He  was  the  third  of  the  same  name  settled  in 
the  ministry  in  New-England.  He  graduated  at  Harvard 
College  in  1689,  and  was  setded  at  New-Castle  in   1703 — 


Biographical  J^otices»  147 

In  1712,  his  pastoral  relation  was  dissolved,  on  account  of 
ill  health.  He  crossed  the  Atlantic,  was  handsomely  noti- 
ced by  Queen  Anne,  regained  his  health,  returned  from  Eng- 
land to  America,  and  in  1715,  was  installed  the  first  minister 
of  the  south  parish  in  Portsmouth,  after  the  secession  of  the 
north  society.  It  is  recorded  by  our  historian,  that  he  very 
providentiilly  escaped  with  his  life,  on  the  memorable  27th 
of  June  1689,  when  Dover  was  attacked  by  the  Indians,by 
declining,  though  kindly  and  strongly  urged,  to  lodge  at  the 
house  of  Major  Waldron,  on  the  fatal  night.  He  had  large 
additions  to  his  church,after  the  great  earthquake  of  1727  ; 
and  ever  after,  was  careful  to  cherish  a  becoming  remem- 
brance of  that  extensively  alarming  Providence,by  preaching 
an  occasional  discourse,  annually,on  the  evening  of  the  29th 
October.  He  had  the  character  of  an  agreeable  companion 
and  a  faithful  preacher  of  the  gospel.  He  died  June  21, 
1732,  in  his  62d  year,  and  was  interred  in  the  Cotton  buri- 
al yard. 


Pearson  Thurston. 

Rev.  Pearson  Thurston  was  born  at  Lancaster,  Massa- 
chusetts, December,  1 763.  He  was  graduated  at  Dartmouth 
College,  1787;  began  to  preach  in  Somersworth  July,  1791  ; 
and  was  ordained  February  1,  1792.  He  removed  from 
this  town,  December  2,  1812;  and  died  at  Leominster,  Au- 
gust 15,  1819.  Mr.  Thurston  in  his  sentiments  was  a  Hop- 
kinsian. 

The  house  in  which  Mr.  Thurston  lived  was  consumed  by 
fire,  January  22,  1812  ;  when  the  records  of  the  church,  the 
communion  vessels,  and  a  social  library  were  destroyed.  At 
present  there  is  no  minister  settled  in  Somei'sworth. 


James  Pike. 

Rev.  James  Pike,  the  first  minister  settled  at  Somers- 
worth in  this  state,  was  born  at  Newbury,  Massachusetts, 
March  1st,  1703.  He  was  graduated  at  Harvard  College  in 
1 725,  and  received  his  second  degree  in  course.  Soon  after 
leaving  college  he  taught  a  school  at  Berwick,  which  was  the 
first  grammar  school  ever  taught  in  that  town.  He  preached 
kis  first  sermon  from  Eph.  i.  6,7,  October  23,  1726.  He 
began  to  preach  to  the  people  in  the   N.  E.   part  of  Dover 


148  J^otice  of  Father  Welch. 

(now  Somersworth,)  August,  27,  1727,  and  was  ordained, 
October  28,  l'730.  He  preached  his  last  sermon,  October 
31,  179©;  and  died  March  19,  1792.  In  1751,  he  pub- 
lished a  sermon  on  the  Duly  of  Gospel  Ministers  as  Christ''t 
Ambassadors,  from  2  Corinthians  v.  20.  He  preached 
this  sermon  before  a  Convention  of  ministers  at  Newington, 
October  9,  1 750.  Mr.  Pike,  in  his  sentiments  was  a  Calvi- 
nist.  He  was  a  faithful  servant  of  Christ ;  and  lived  in  har- 
monj  with  his  people  during  his  ministry. 


Nicholas  Pike. 

Nicholas  Pike,  son  of  Rev.  James  Pike,  was  born  in  Som- 
ersworth , October  6,1 743.  He  was  graduated  at  Harvard  Col- 
lege, 17S6  ;  and  took  his  degree  of  A.  M.  in  1796.  He 
taught  a  grammar  school,  first  at  York,  and  afterwards  at 
Newburyport.  In  1 788,  he  published  a  ^eio  and  Complete 
System  of  Jlrithmetick,  composed  for  the  use  of  the  citizens  of 
the  United  States,  8vo.  He  was  a  man  of  distinguished 
character  and  abilities.  He  was  a  firm  believer  in  Chris- 
tianity ;  and  through  life  a  zealous  advocate  for  virtue  and 
religion  against  profaneness  and  infidelity.  He  was  charita- 
ble to  the  poor  and  hospitable  to  strangers.  By  his  will  he 
endowed  the  Theological  Seminary  at  Andover  with  one 
scholarship.  He  died  at  Newburyport,  December  9, 
1819. 


Notice  of  Father  Welch,  of  Bow. 

The  oldest  native  citizen  of  New  Hampshire  died  at  his  re- 
sidence in  Bow,  on  the  5th  of  April,  1823.  Samuel  Welch, 
distinguished  principally  for  his  great  age,  was  born  at 
Kingston,  in  this  state,  Sept,    1,  1710.*     His  grandfather, 

*Ti»»5  Editors  are  indebted  to  the  politeness  of  the  Hon.  Levi  Bartiett 
for  the  names  and  births  of  the  children  of  the  father  of  Mr.  Welch, 
copied  from  the  records  of  Kingston.  It  appears  from  the  records,  that 
•'?f  auel  Wel;;h  was  born  13th  Feb.  1711,"  but  this,  the  late  Mr.  Welch 
always  affirtued,  to  be  a  mistake; — that  the  time  when  his  father  reques- 
ted the  record  of  his  birth  to  be  made,  was  inserted  as  the  time  of  bis 
birth  iisslf.  This  appears  very  probable,  as  the  next  child  is  recorded 
to  ha  e  been  born  Feb.  17,  1712,  only  one  year  after  the  birth  of  Sam- 
uel, and  between  all  the  others  of  the  family,  eight  in  number,  there 
occurs  a  period  of  two  or  three  years. — Mr.  Bartiett  says — "  Samuel's 
father  live<I  about  two  n.iles  from  my  house,  on  the  plain,  the  land  I  own, 
which  goes  by  the  name  of  the  Welch  place.   Probably  here  he  was  born," 


Notice,  of  Father  Welch.  149 

Philip  Welch,  was  a  native  of  England,  and  was  among  the 
first  settlers  of  Ipswich,  Mass.  Here  Samuel  Welch,  his 
father,  was  born,  and  removed  to  Kingston  with  the  first  set- 
tlers of  that  place.  His  occupation  was  that  of  a  farmer,  but 
he  was  occasionally^in  public  service.  When  about  80  years 
of  age,  he  joined  the  expedition  to  Cape  Breton,  and  died  soon 
after  his  return.  The  family  seem  to  have  possessed  the 
most  vigorous  constitutions,  and  were  distinguished  for  lon- 
gevity. The  mother  of  Welch  lived  almost  a  century ;  a 
sister  to  about  100,  and  a  brother  until  90  years  of  age. 
This  old  man,  who  was  cotemporary  with  George  I.  of  Eng- 
land, and  Louis  XIV.  of  France  ;  who  has  seen  this  country, 
from  a  state  of  servitude,  become  a  great  and  powerful  re- 
public ;  whose  cradle  was  rocked  ere  the  spirits  of  Franklin 
and  Washington  had  descended  upon  earth; — had  he  en- 
joyed the  advantages  of  education,  would  have  been  a 
veteran,  whose  life  we  might  consult  as  a  volume  of  history. 
He  was  unfortunately  placed  in  circumstances  which  preclu- 
ded an  education.  The  state  of  the  country,  the  repeated 
inroads  of  the  Indians,  and  the  necessities  of  the  people,  were 
all  adverse  circumstances.  Those  winged  messengers  of 
light  and  knowledge,  newspapers  and  pamphlets,  had  not 
yet  reached  the  distant  settlements.  Two  or  three  newspa- 
pers only  were  then  published  in  New-England.*  Mr. 
Welch,  notwithstanding  all  these  disadvantages,  was  an  in- 
teresting old  man.  His  memory  was  retentive,  and  his 
judgment  sound.  His  recollection  was  not  the  faintness  of 
evening,  when  outlines  only  are  discernible  ;  but  he  had 
treasured  the  particulars  of  almost  every  important  event 
which  fell  within  the  scope  of  his  knowledge.  With  the 
transactions  of  years  long  past  he  was  familiar  ;  but  with  re- 
cent events,  or  men  of  the  present  generation,  he  was  unac- 
quainted. Of  the  crowds  who  visited  his  lonely  retreat  dur- 
ing the  last  five  years  of  his  life,  he  saw  few  faces  with  which 
he  was  familiar — none  who  with  him  could  claim  the  venera- 
tion due  a  patriarch. 

About  one  year  since  we  visited  this  old  man  at  Bow.  We 
found  him  sitting  in  an  arm  chair,  with  only  one  attendant, 
his  wife,  an  aged  person.  On  approaching  him,  we  trembled 
lest  our  intrusion  might  be  unwelcome  ;  but  the  old  man  was 
cheerful,  and  we  enjoyed  an  hour's  conversation.  He  gave 
us,  in  broken  accents,  such  information  as  we  desired  respcc- 

*The  Boston  News-Letter,  commeDced  Apr.  24,  1704;  the  Boston 
Gazette,  commenced  Dec.  18,1720;  aod  the  New-Eofland  Courant, 
began  July  17,  1721. 


150  J^otict  of  Father   Welch. 

ting  his  family,  and  the  events  of  his  life.  He  pursued 
through  life  the  business  of  a  farmer.  His  first  wife  was 
Eleanor  Clough,  da«ghter  of  John  Clough,  of  Salisbury, 
Mass.,  who,  he  informed  us,  was  much  older  than  himself. 
Their  children  were  four,  one  of  whom  only  is  living,  in 
some  part  of  the  state  of  Maine.  His  second  wife,  now  living, 
was  a  widow  when  he  married  her,  of  the  name  of  Elliot. 
Her  maiden  name  was  Rachel  Sargent,  and  she  was  a 
daughter  of  William  S.  of  Newtown.  At  the  time  of  our 
visit,  she  was  84  years  of  age,  and  had  been  married  to  her 
last  husband  28  years.  Of  course,  he  was  84  years  old,  and 
she  56,  when,with  buoyant  spirits,  they  became  '  one  flesh'  at 
the  altar  of  Hymen.  We  were  somewhat  diverted  with  the 
sprightliness  of  the  good  old  lady,  who,  when  asked  how 
long  she  had  been  married,  began  to  make  excuses,  aud  ex- 
plain the  reasons  why  a  blooming  matron  of  56,  became  the 
spouse  of  a  man  of  fourscore  years.  "  I  thought,"  said  she, 
"  when  he  proposed  to  marry,  that  as  he  could  not  live  long, 
he  ought  to  live  out  the  rest  of  his  days  without  seeking  an- 
other wife ;  but  I  had  no  thoughts  then  of  his  being  much 
older  than  myself,  and  he  did  not  think  himself  at  that  time 
so  old  as  he  was  !"  However,  she  "  knew  him  to  be  a  clever 
man,  and  she  married  him.  But,  ah  me  !  (said  she)  he  be- 
gins to  fail,  as  he  grows  old, — and  he  nor  I  shall  either  of  us 
stand  it  a  great  while  longer." 

The  old  man  was  at  this  time  unable  to  walk,save  by  hold- 
ing upon  chairs,  and  exhibited  marks  of  rapidly  increasing 
debility.  His  mental  faculties,  however,  appeared  but  little 
impaired.     We  asked  him  several  questions  : 

Q.  Were  you  acquainted  with  the  first  ministers  of  Kings- 
ton? 

A»  Yes. — Four  were  settled  in  my  day  j  neither  of  whom 
had  a  child  that  lived. 

Q,  What  was  the  character  of  Mr.  Clark,  the  first  minis- 
ter ?     A.     He  was  a  good  man. 

Q.     From  whence  came  he  ? 

A.  1  don't  know.  We  had  a  preacher  of  the  name  of 
Choate,  from  Ipswich,  who  preached  sometime  before  Clark 
was  settled,  in  the  garrison. 

Q.     What  of  Mr.  Secombe  ? 

A.  Secombe  was  a  good  man,  from  Newbury — a  poor 
man's  son — preached  with  the  Indians  three  years — then  set- 
tled at  Kingston. 

Q.  Do  you  remember  the  Indian  depredations  at  Kings- 
ton? 


J^otict  of  Father  Welch.  161 

A,  Oyes'! — ^[He  then,  in  broken  accents,  attempted  to 
relate  the  story  of  Indian  disasters,  and  the  captivity  of  the 
iihildren  in  1724.] 

On  turninground,  we  heard  a  deep  ^igh,  and  liis  aged  com- 
panion was  wiping  the  tear  from  her  eye.  "O  (said  she)  how 
his  memory  fails  him  !  He  used  to  tell  all  the  particulars  a- 
hont  the  Indians,  and  did  but  a  few  days  since." 

Upon  this,  she  approached  the  old  gentleman,  and  in  a. 
shrill  voice  asked  him  if  h^*  could  not  remember  all  the  Indian 
stories  he  used  to  tell  ?  He  looked  up  earnestly  in  her  face — 
the  tear  stood  in  his  eye — and  "No — I  cannot!"  trembled 
from  his  lips. 

Q.  When  you  were  young,  did  you  attend  schools  con- 
stantly? 

Jl.  No — I  never  went  to  school  but  one  winter  :  then  I 
had  to  go  two  or  three  miles,  and  was  tired  almost  to  death 
when  I  came  home. 

Q.     What  books  Avere  then  used  in  the  school  ? 

Jl.     The  Testament  and  Psalter. 

Q.     Had  you  no  spelling-books  ? 

A,  No. — The  first  spelling  book  I  ever  saw  was  printed 
by  George  Lowell  of  Newbury  :  He  freed  the  first  negro 
in  the  state. 

Q.     Were  you  acquainted  with  Dr.  Bartlett  of  Kingston  ? 

A.  Dr.  Bartlett! — Yes,  indeed. — He  was  an  excellent 
good  man. 

Q.     Did  you  know  the  Rev.  Mr.  Walker  ? 

A.  The  priest?  Yes.  I  didn't  like  him.  *  *  *  * 
*  *  *  *  [It  is  highly  probable  that,  as  Welch  had 
some  lands  interested  in  the  long  controversy  between  Bow 
and  Concord — he  entertained  the  feelings  prevalent  at  that 
time  in  Bow  against  Mr.  W.,  who  was  the  principal  and  ac- 
tive agent  of  Concord.] 

Q.  Does  life  seem  long  to  you  ?  Does  it  appear  as  though 
you  had  lived  1 1 2  years  ? 

A.     Oh  no — but  a  little  while  ! 

Q.  by  Mr.  V.  (a  Baptist  Clergyman  who  accompanied  us.) 
Do  you  feel  willing  to  die  ? 

A.     In  God's  time  I  do. 

Q.     Have  you  a  hope  of  salvation  ! 

A.     I  think  I  have  a  hope. 

Here  his  wife,  stepping  before  him,  raised  her  sharp  voice, 
— her  squalid  look  and  stooping  posture  forming  a  most 
singular  picture, — and  asked  him"  if  his  hope  was  like  the 
spider's  web  ?"  She  had  read  Bunyan,  it  seems — and  from  the 


152  J^otke  of  Father  IfelcK 

manner  in  which  the  old  man  answered,  one  might  suppose 
this  had  been  a  sort  of  standing  jolte :  he  seemed,  the  mo- 
ment she  began  her  enquiry,  to  be  ready  to  answer.  "  By 
no  means,"  said  he,  "  I  trust  in  the  mercy  of  God." 

We  had  further  cortversation  with  the  venerable  old  man, 
who  the  more  we  questioned  him,  seemed  to  renew  his  recol- 
lection. 

On  the  10th  March,  in  company  with  two  other  gentlemen, 
we  again  visited  this  aged  and  venerable  patriarch,  at  his  re- 
sidence in  Bow.  He  had  then  just  completed  one  century 
and  an  eighth  of  years.  Though  feeble  and  very  infirm,  he 
was  able  to  converse  with  propriety,  and  it  was  evident  that 
he  retained  a  good  share  of  his  intellectual  powers.  We  a- 
gain  made  inquiries  of  him,  which  he  answered  with  prompt- 
ness. 

Q,     How  old  are  you,  Mp.  Welch  ? 

^.     A  hundred  and  twelve  years  and  a  half. 

Q,  How  old  were  you  when  you  left  Kingston,  your  na- 
tive place  ? 

j5.     Between  40  and  50  years. 

Q,  Do  you  remember  Mr.  Jabez  Colman,  of  Kingston, 
who  was  killed  by  the  Indians  in  1724  ? 

A.  I  remember  his  family  and  the  place  where  he  was 
killed.  He  was  shot,  one  ball  through  his  neck,  and  another 
through  his  hip. 

Q.  Do  you  recollect  Peter  Colcord,  who  was  taken  pris- 
oner the  same  year  by  the  Indians. 

A.  Yes.  Peter  Colcord,  Ebenezer  Stevens  and  Benja- 
min Severance  and  some  children  were  taken. 

Q.     Did  the  people  go  after  the  Indians  ? 

A,  Yes.  They  went  a  day's  scout,  but  did  not  find 
them. 

Q.     Did  Colcord  return  ? 

A,  Yes.  He  made  his  escape  from  the  Indians,  and  the 
children  were  afterwards  redeemed. 

Q.     Do  you  remember  old  Mr.  Choate*  of  Kingston  ? 

A,     Yes. 

Q.     Was  he  a  good  man  ?    A.    No. 

Q»     Why  not — what  was  his  character  ? 

A.     He  would  get  drunk  as  quick  as  you  or  I  would  ? 

Q.  Do  you  remember  when  the  throat  distemper  spread 
in  Kingston  ? 

A.    Yes.    Abigail  Oilman  was  the  first  that  died  of  it. 


*  Mr.  Choate  was  the  first  preacher  at  KingstoD.    He  came  with  the 
first  settlers  of  that  place,  and  resided  in  garrison  with  them. 


Fuctn  relating  to  Cornish.  153 

Q.     Where  did  you  roniovo,  when  you  left  Kingston  ? 

^.  To  Pen. broke.  All  thai  I  then  had  was  a  yearling 
colL  and  fifty  dollar  in  money. 

Mr.  Welch  ^pent  the  earl}'^  part  of  liis  life  on  his  father's 
farm  in  Kingston.  He  subsequently  resided  awhile  at  Pem- 
broke, and  about  60 years  since  renpved  to  bow,  where  he 
remained  in  an  obscure  corner  and  uncomfortable  ha})italion, 
devoting  himself  exclusively  to  the  cares  of  his  little  house- 
hold and  farm,  till  the  winter  of  age  closed  around  him,  and 
the  vineyard  of  his  labors  was  foreyer  shut  against  him. — 
He  was  a  man  of  temperance  through  life  and  rnjoyed  almost 
uninterrupted  health.  lie  appears  to  have  been  a  lover  of 
retirement,  ot  a  timid  disposition,and  excellent  private  quali- 
ties. He  was  in  person  rather  above  the  middling  size — his 
features  Grecian.  "His  appearance  was  truly  venerable. — 
Time  had  made  deep  inroads  upon  his  frame ;  his  locks  had 
been  touched  by  the  silvery  wand  ;  his  eye,  originally  dark 
and  brilliant,  gave  evidence  of  decaying  lustre ;  v/hilc  his 
countenance,  wiinkled  with  years,  and  his  frame  tottering 
and  feeble,  could  not  but  deeply  impress  the  beholder.  He 
spoke  of  life,  as  one  weary  of  its  burthens,  and  wishing  "to 
be  away."  His  death  corresponded  with  his  life — it  was 
ealm  and  tranquil." 


W^mtovitM. 


Hisiorical  Facts  relating  to  Cornish^  JV*.  //. 

[Communicated  by  H.  ChAS£,  Esq.] 

The  town  of  Cornish  was  granted  June  21, 17G3,  to  Rev. 
Samuel  M'Clintock,  of  Greenland,  and  69  others.  The  first 
meeting  of  the  proprietors  was  holden  at  Greenland,  on  the 
1 5th  of  August,  the  same  year.  The  first  meeting  of  the  free- 
holders and  other  inhabitants  of  Cornish  was  jiolden  at  Cor- 
nish, March  10,  1767.  The  town  was  settled  in  1765,  by 
emigrants  chiefly  from  Sutton,  in  Massachusetts.  When  they 
arrived,  they  found  a  camp,  for  many  years  known  by  the 
name  of  "Mast  Camp."  It  was  erected  for  the  accommoda- 
tion of  a  company  of  men  employed  in  procuring  m.asts  for 
the  Royal  Navy.  They  had  procured  e.  great  number  of 
masts.  The  settlers  found  a  Mr.  Dyke  and  his  family  in  this 
camp.  Capt.  Daniel  Putnam,  afterwards  a  respectable  in- 
20 


154  Facts  relating  to  Cornish* 

habitant,  and  for  many  years  clerk  of  the  town,  had  also  re- 
sided here  the  winter  previous.  Rev.  James  Welman,  who 
graduated  at  Harvard  College  in  1744,  was  settled  over  the 
Congregational  church  in  Cornish  in  1768.  He  continued 
in  the  ministry  here  about  seventeen  years.  The  first  meet- 
ing-house was  erected  in  1773,  on  the  site  where  the  Episco- 
pal church  now  stands.  It  was  erected  by  the  town,and  was 
for  many  years,  occupied  by  the  Congregational,  and  after- 
wards by  the  Episcopal  Society. 

At  an  adjourned  meeting,  holden  March  18,  1777,  a  sys- 
tem of  regulations  was  adopted  for  the  government  of  the 
town,  till  otherwise  directed  by  lawful  authority  ;  and  a- 
mong  other  things,  the  town  "voted  that  the  province  laws 
published  in  1771  should  be  adopted."  This  meeting  also  ap- 
pointed Samuel  Chase,  Esq.  'Ho  administer  oaths  to  such  as 
should  be  chosen  into  office,"  and  voted  that  "the  selectmen 
should  be  a  committee  of  safety." 

At  an  adjourned  town  meeting  holden  April  15,  1777,  "for 
the  purpose  of  raising  men  to  go  into  the  Continental  service, 
Joseph  Vinson,Jonathan  Currier,  Moses  Currier,  John  Whi- 
ton  and  Nathaniel  Dustin  agreed  to  go  into  said  service  for 
60/.  exclusive  of  26/.  public  bounty.  It  was  proposed  and 
voted  to  add  4/.  to  the  26/.  already  allowed  to  each  man  as  a 
bounty,  who  shall  appear  and  enlist  into  said  service,  and  15/. 
per  year  so  long  as  they  are  holden  in  said  service. 

The  first  record  of  the  choice  of  a  juror  is  Sept.  26,  1721, 
when  Dyer  Spalding  was  chosen  Grand  Juror,  to  attend  the 
court  of  sessions  to  be  holden  at  Keene.  At  a  meeting  hold- 
en Jan.  6,  1778,  for  the  purpose  of  choosing  a  representa- 
tive, the  town  voted  that  it  was  inexpedient  to  choose  one. 

At  a  meeting  holden  May  19, 1778,  Moses  Chase,  Esq.  was 
chosen  a  delegate  to  attend  the  convention,  to  be  holden  at 
Lebanon,  on  the  3d  Wednesday  of  said  May.  He  was  in- 
structed to  act  according  to  the  dictates  of  his  own  judg- 
ment, "not  doing  any  thing  to  bind  the  town."  In  the  warn- 
ing for  this  meeting  is  an  article  "  to  see  if  the  town  will 
choose  a  delegate  to  represent  them  at  a  convention,  to  be 
holden  at  Concord,  agreeably  to  a  precept." 

At  a  meeting,  holden  June  2,  1778,  the  town  voted  to  com- 
ply with  the  recommendation,  contained  in  the  vote  of  the 
convention,  holden  by  adjournment  at  the  house  of  Israel 
Morey,Esq.  of  Orford,  Jan.  28,  1778.  This  recommenda- 
tion was, "  that  the  towns  represented  at  said  convention  direct 
the  Selectmen  to  form  lists  or  assessments  of  all  estates,  as 
well  real  as  personal,  and  of  all  rateable  polls  in  their  respec- 
tive towns,  agreeably  to  the  method  gone  into  in  the  state  of 


Facts  relating  to  Cornish.  155 

New-Hampshire,  and  pay  them  into  the  town  treasury  of 
towns  to  be  disposed  of  thereafter  as  the  towns  should  judge 
proper.""  At  the  same  meeting,  it  was  voted  by  the  town  to 
join  the  state  of  Vermont  agreeably  to  a  vote  passed  in  Con- 
vention of  United  Committees,  holden  at  Lebanon,  May  2, 
1778."' 

At  a  town  meeting  holden  for  that  purpose,  August  11,1 770, 
William  Ripley  was  chosen  a  Justice  of  the  Peace.  At  a 
town  meeting  holden  Dec.  3d,  1778,  Moses  Chase,  Esq.  was 
chosen  a  delegate  to  represent  this  town  in  a  convention,  to 
be  holden  at  the  meeting-house  in  Cornish,  on  the  2nd  Wed- 
nesday of  the  same  December.  This  measure  was  adopted 
in  consequence  of  a  circular  from  the  "  Committee  of  the 
Protecting  members  of  the  General  Assembly  of  the  State 
of  Vermont,"  signed  by  "Joseph  Marsh,  Chairman."  This 
circular  is  addressed  to  the  inhabitants  of  the  New-Hampshire 
Grants.  It  recommends  that  "they take  the  unsettled  and 
difficult  situation  of  the  political  state  of  said,  grants  into 
their  wise  consideration,  and  devise  some  measures  speedily 
to  be  pursued,  whereby  they  may  be  united  and  settled  in 
some  regular  form  of  civil  government,"  and  requests  every 
town  in  said  grants  "  to  elect  one  or  more  members  to  n.eet 
at  the  meeting-house  in  said  Cornish,  on  the  said  2nd  Wed- 
nesday of  December,  to  consult  and  agree  upon  measures 
whereby  we  may  be  united  together,  by  living  and  remain- 
ing a  distinct  state  on  such  foundation  that  we  may  be  admit- 
ted into  confederation  with  the  United  States  of  America,  or 
(if  that  cannot  be  effected  by  reasonable  measures,)  to  claim 
the  jurisdiction  of  the  government  of  New-Hampshire." 

On  the  10th  day  of  May,  1779,  the  town  voted  that  the 
"  Assembly  of  New-Hampshire  might  extend  their  claim  and 
jurisdiction  over  the  whole  of  the  grants,  submitting  to  Con- 
gress whether  a  new  state  shall  be  established  on  the  grants." 

At  a  meeting  holden  March  9th,  1779,  an  article  for  the 
consideration  of  the  meeting  was  to  see  if  the  town  would 
hear  an  address  sent  from  the  Assembly  of  New-Hampshire. 

At  a  meeting  holden  July  19th,  1779,  the  town  chose  "Col. 
Jonathan  Chase  an  agent  to  attend  the  Convention  to  be  hol- 
den at  Dresden,*  on  the  20th  of  the  same  July.  At  an  ad- 
journment of  said  meeting,  holden  August  30,  1  779,  present 
14  voters,  the  declaration  of  Rights  and  plan  of  Government 
for  the  State  of  New-Hampshire  being  under  consideration, 
it  was  unanimously  voted  to  reject  the  same. 

*  A  name  given  to  the  district  belonging  to  Dartmouth  College  ;  but 
now  disused. 


156  Ancient  Paper. 

A  meeting  was  holden  Sept.  16,  1779,  to  appoint  "  some 
meet  person''  as  a  member  of  a  "  ConvenLion  to  be  holden  at 
Concord,  on  the  22d  day  of  the  same  September,  and  it  was 
voted  not  to  appoint  any  person  to  attend  said  Convention." 

At  a  meeting  holden  November  13, 1780,  "  Col.  Jonathan 
Chase  was  i^hosen  to  represent  the  town  in  Convention  to  be 
holden  at  Waipole,  on  the  15th  of  November,  1780." 

At  a  meeting  holden  December  18,  1780,  Samuel  Chase, 
Esq.  Col.  Jonathan  Chase  and  William  Ripley  were  chosen 
to  attend  a  Convention  to  be  holden  at  Charlestown  on  the 
3d  Tuesday  of  January,  1781 ;  and  the  proceedings  of  this 
Convention  were  approved  by  the  town  at  a  meeting  holden 
February  7,  1781.  At  an  adjourned  meeting  holden  April 
18,  1781,  it  was  voted  to  choose  three  men  asr:  listers  agree- 
ably to  the  laws  of  the  State  oi  V^ermont.  At  another  meet- 
ing warned  and  hoklen  the  same  day,  it  was  voted  that  the 
Selectmen  chosen  that  year  govern  themselves  according  to 
the  laws  of  the  State  of  Vermont. 

At  a  meeting  holden  May  31,  1783,  William  Ripley  was 
chosen  a  delegate  to  sit  in  the  Convention  to  be  holden  at 
Concord  on  the  1st  Tuesday  of  June,  1783.  At  a  meeting 
holden  November  27,  1783,  Moses  Chase,  Esq.  was  chosen 
to  represent  this  town  in  the  General  Court,  to  be  holden  at 
Concord,  on  the  3el  Wednesday  of  December,  1783. 


"  BY  THE  GOVERN«^- 

New-Hampshire. 

*  *  *  *^     For  prevention  of  disturbance  by  unlawful   As- 

*  !-"•  S.  ^  scmblies  and  Meetings,  such  as  we  have  too  lately 

*  ^  experienced,  and  such  as  may  for  ye   future  arise 

*  *  *  *     to  ye  terror  of  his  Ma't's  Subjects  within  ye   sd 

Itl^dw.  CrawfiekA.  P^-«^'"^^=  Or^ererf  That  ye  Trus- 
tees  or  Overseers  or  the  several  res- 
pective Towns  therein,  or  others,  presume  not  to  call  any 
Public  Meeting  about  any  Town  business,  or  on  other  pre- 
tence whatsoever.  Without  leav  first  obtained  from  ye  Justi- 
ces or  Justice  of  ye  Peace  of  ye  sd  respective  Towns,  upon 
nist  representation  of  ye  necessaryness  of  such  Tov/n  or 
Public  meeting ;  on  such  penalty  as  ye  Law  directs,  to  be 
inflicted  upon  unlawful  Assemblies. 
Dat.ye  3d  day  of  March,  1682." 

-Superscribed — "  To  the  Constable  of  Portsmouth. 
To  he  published.     1682'." 


(   157  ) 


FOR  THE  MONTHLY  LITERARY  JOURNAL. 


ODE. 

IW  HUMBLE    IMITATION  OE  COLLINS. 

WHEN  Wisdom,  heavenly  maid,  was  young, 
While  yet  in  Paradise  she  sung^, 
The  Virtues  oft,  to  learn  her  ways, 
Throng'd  around  her,  uttering  praises- 
Joyful,  plaintive,  silent,  crying. 
Languishing  and  fondly  eyeing — 
Now  rapture  fill'd  their  glowing  breasts, 
Now  grief  their  vocal  joy  represt. 
Wisdom  rais'd  her  sparkling  eye. 
And  all  was  silent  as  the  sky — 
She  bade  her  cherubim  dispense 
To  each  the  look  of  innocence  ; 
And  then,  as  erst  her  will  was  made, 
Gave  each  a  diadem  and  grade. 
Last  rose  in  arms  the  Evil  power, 
And  drove  them  from  the  ruin'd  bower. 

First,  Fear  askance  her  eye-sight  threw, 
As  far  from  Eden's  withering  bloom 

She  fled,  (and  trembled  as  she  flew) 
To  kea  the  terror  of  the  gloom. 

Then  Sorrow  wept  her  humble  flight 
To  realms  and  regions  yet  unknown, 

Transformed  (her  name  was  erst  Delight) 
To  dwell  in  deserts  not  her  own. 

With  azure  eyes,  stern  Judgment  pass'd. 
Waving  his  hand  to  either  pole  ; 

He  bade  the  tempter  be  debased , 
And  thunders  on  th'  ungodly  roll  .' 

And  thou,  O  Love  !  with  eyes  so  bright, 
What  was  thy  exstatic  number  ? 

Still  thou  badst  dire  Malice  slumber, 
And  Pleasure,  ia  perspective.  Youth  beliolJ 


158  Poetry, 

Still  thou  didst  fondly  stretch  thine  arm, 

In  happy  mimicry  ;  and  told 
The  various  rapture  of  her  'witching  charm  ; 

And  while  she  rested  in  her  song, 

Echo  was  heard  her  music  to  prolong, 
And  the  pale  nightly  orb  seem'd  smiling  in  her  light. 

Long  had  she  sung  ;  but,  with  a  ghastly  smil^,  ] 

Envy  impatient  rose, 
And  sought  Love's  infant  frailty  to  beguile.  | 

He  then,  with  hellish  look,  ' 

His  poiscn-blemish'd  arrows  took. 
And  hurl'd  at  random  round  the  sky —  1 

Inflictiog  on  mankind  unnumber'd  woes.  I 

Now  Piety,  sedate,  appears,  i 

With  Fortitude,  unknown  to  fears; 
Whom,  whea  he  saw,  the  reptile  Envy  fled  : — 

Mercy  and  Faith  their  voice  applied, 

Mute  Pity  lingered  at  their  side — 
Till,  (freed  her  heart  from  pain,  her  soul  from  dread) 
Sweet  Cheerfulness  restores  the  lustre  of  her  eye. 

Brisk  Friendship,  joying  in  her  good  intent^ 

While  yet  affliction  dimm'd  her  eye, 
Bade  Vice  in  ashes  of  his  sins  repent, 

And  Virtue  to  implore — her  beauties  deify. 

With  decent  garb,  and  lovely  smile, 
That  might  Adversity  beguile, 
Hale  Charity,  transcendent  maid, 
Her  robe  o'er  naked  hunger  spread — 
While  from  her  lips  consoling  accents  flow'd. 

Mild  Competence  her  form  admir'd, 

And  felt  with  sympathy  inspir'd — 
Whose  hands,  alternate,  friendly  boons  bestow'd. 
Charm'd  Gratitude  as  little  could  conceal 

An  anguish  and  a  painful  pleasure. 

The  blessing- giving  modest  treasure 
Had  caused  his  humble  heart  to  feel. 

Bright  Truth,  her  radiant  features  to  display, 
Swift  rolled  along  in  chariot  of  light. 

Her  sceptre  leaning  on  her  breast, 

With  glitt'ring  galaxies  bedight. 
Raising  her  snowy  arm  to  fix  her  starry  crest, 
She  pointed  to  high  Heaven's  eternal  day  ; 


Literary  Kotices.  159 

And  bade  titir  cherub  then  resume 

The  task  her  heavenly  crest  to  plume 

With  Charity's  celestial  bloom. 
Rejoicing  Hope  was  pleas'd  to  hear  ; 
And  Mercy  bade  pale  Sorrow  disappear. 

Last  «ame  Happiness  and  Bliss  : 
Each  with  merry  step  advancing, 

The  weary  and  the  innocent  addrees'd, 
And  seal'd  their  fond  caressing^  with  a  kiss  ; 

Unknowing  which  of  all  they  lov'd  the  best  ; 
The  busy  and  the  amorous  swain — 

The  modest  and  endearing  beauteous  mai6s, 

Who  throng  festivity's  rude  glades, 
To  some  unwearied  minstrel  dancing — 
The  veil'd  enthusiast,  silent  in  her  cell, 

Where  never  mirth  or  gaiety  resoimd, 

With  tresses  loose,  and  circling  zone  unbound — 
Or  such  as  sca;cely  ken  their  way  : — 

Blithe  Joy  the  virtuous  will  aUke  repay  ; 
Deign,  or  in  palaces,  or  cots,  to  dwell. 

0^ 


Eitcratg  Sotice^. 


Upham's  Translation  of  Jahn's  ArchjElogy. 

Messrs.  Flagg  and  Gould  of  Andover,  have  lately  puolish- 
ed,  "  Jahn's  Biblical  Archaeology,  translated  from  the  Latin, 
with  Additions  and  Corrections.  By  Thomas  C.  Upham, 
A.  M.  Assistant  Teacher  of  Hebrew  and  Greek  in  the  Theol. 
Sem.  Andover.''  "  The  object  of  this  work  is  briefly  to  il- 
lustrate the  Geography  and  the  peculiarities  of  the  climate 
of  Palestine  ;  but  especially  to  describe  the  religious  and  ci- 
vil institutions,  the  ceremonies,  manners  and  customs  of  the 
Hebrews,  from  the  earliest  period  down  to  the  time  of 
Christ.  It  treats  of  the  abodes  of  the  people,  their  tents,  tab- 
ernacles and  houses ;  of  the  history,  manners,  &c.  of  the 
Nomades,  or  wandering  shepherds  ;  of  the  instruments  and 
methods  of  agriculture  ;  of  the  arts  and  sciences,  the  method 
of  writing,  instruments  of  music,  &c.  ;  of  commerce,  moneys, 
weights,  measures,  food,  dress,  &c.  ;  of  the  domestic  soci- 
ety of  the  Hebrews,  their  character  and  social  intercourse; 


160  Literary    Kotices. 

their  funerals  and  mourning  ;  of  their  political  state,  their 
patriarchal,  monarchial,  and  other  forms  of  government ;  of 
judicial  tribunals,  trials  and  punishments  ;  of  the  modes  and 
instruments  of  war  ;  of  the  religious  sect  of  the  Jews  ;  of  their 
tabernacle,  temple,  and  other  sacred  places  ;  of  their  sacred 
seasons  and  feasts  ;  of  sacred  persons  and  things  ;  of  their 
ceremonial  and  religious  rights,  vows,  sacrifices,  worship, 
&c."  From  the  recommendation  of  Professor  Stuart,  it  ap- 
pears that  the  translation  is  made  with  ability  and  fidelity. 
The  task  of  translating  a  work  of  this  kind  must  have  been 
very  great ;  and  great  credit  is  due  to  Mr.  Upham,  for  the 
research,  judgment,  and  discrimination,  which  he  has  dis- 
played in  the  execution  of  it.  Whoever  would  acquire  an 
ijitimate  knowledge  of  the  sacred  scriptures  ought  to  be  in 
possession  of  this  book.  The  work  is  of  an  octavo  size  ; 
contains  532  pages,  and  the  price  is  ^3. 

Mrs.  JuDsoN  has  written  a  history  of  the  Burman  Mission 
which  is  now  in  press  at  Washington.  It  is  intended  also  to 
present  a  view  of  the  manners  and  customs  of  the   Burmans. 

Commercial  Directory. — A  work  with  this  title,  embracing 
a  variety  of  topographical  and  statistical  information,  and  de- 
signed as  a  book  of  reference  for  merchants  and  men  of  bu- 
siness, has  lately  been  published  at  Philadelphia. 

Messrs.  Way  and  Gideon,  of  Washington  City,  are  about 
to  publish  a  new  edition  of  the  journals  of  the  old  Congress, 
comprehending  eleven  years  (including  the  revolution)  of  the 
most  interesting  period  of  our  history. 

Selleck  Osborne,  well  known  as  a  poetical  writer,  is  about 
publishing  a  volume  of  his  occasional  productions,  by  sub- 
scription. We  sincerely  hope  he  v.ill  receive  the  patronage 
due  a  child  of  the  muses,  whose  summer  of  life  has  been 
a  season  of  adversity ;  and  who  has  now  a  strong  claim  upon 
the  sympathy  as  well  as  the  taste  of  his  countrymen.  Let 
it  not  be  said,  while  we  eagerly  grasp  at  the  sensual  profan- 
ity of  Byron  and  Moore,  that  we  neglect  the  genuine  and 
virtuous  talents  of  our  Percivals  and  Osbornes, 

{f^  The  editors  of  the  Collections  will  be  much  obliged  to 
any  person  who  will  furnish  them  with  the  Narrative  of  the 
Captivity  of  Elizabeth  Hanson,  who  was  taken  from  Dover 
in  1724;  Doolittle's  Memoirs,  and  How's  and  Norton's  Nar- 
ratives of  Indian  Captivities. 


JUNE,  1823. 


BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCHES. 

William  Vaughan. 

There  can  be  no  doubt  that  Col.  William  Vaughan 
was  the  person,  who  first  suggested,  that  the  fortress  oi'  Lou- 
isbourg  might  be  captured, either  by  surprise,or  by  a  regular 
siege.  Others,  it  is  true,  have  claimed  the  merit  ;  but  most 
authors,  as  well  as  the  private  letters  written  af  that  period, 
agree  in  giving  the  honor  alone  to  Vaughan.  Certainly  no 
man  possessed  a  better  knowledge  of  the  eastern  country, 
where  he  owned  extensive  tracts  of  land  ;  and  being  engaged 
in  the  Newfoundland  fishery,  he  had  an  excellent  opportuni- 
ty of  learning  the  situation  and  probable  sLi*ength  of  the 
plac^. 

A  short  sketch  of  the  family  of  him  who  was  thus  servicea- 
ble to  his  country,  will  not,  it  is  presumed,  be  uninteresting. 
Major  William  Vaughan,  his  grandfather,  came  from  Eng- 
land about  the  middle  of  the  17th  century,  and  settled  at 
Portsmouth,  where  he  became  an  eminent  and  wealthy  mer- 
chant. In  1668,  he  married  Margaret  Cutt,  daughter  of 
Richard*  and  Eleanor  Cutt.  He  was  of  Welch  extraction, 
but  bred  in  London,  under  Sir  Josiah  Child,  who  had  a 
great  regard  for  him  ;  and  whose  interest  he  made  use  of 
for  the  good  of  the  province.  In  1680,  he  was  appointed  a 
member  of  the  first  council  of  New-Hampshire,  of  whiclt 
John  Cutt  was  president.  Possessing  a  generous  public 
spirit  and  an  undaunted  resolution,  he  strenuously  opposed 
the  arbitrary  and  tyrannic  administration  of  Gov.  Cranfield, 
by  whom  he  was  imprisoned,  to  the  great  damage  of  the  peo- 

*Richard  Catt,  with  his  brother  John  Cutt,  came  to  Portsmouth  at  a 
Fcrv  early  period  of  its  settlement.  The  former  died  in  1676,  the  latter 
in  1681,  both  at  advanced  ages.  They  had  another  brother,  Kcbertj 
who  died  some  time  before. 

'21 


162  Biographical  Sketches. 

pie's  interests  and  his  own  health.  After  Cranrield  was  remo- 
ved, under  whose  rapacious  government  the  people  of  New- 
Hampshire  had  suffered  much,  Major  Vaughan  was  appoint- 
ed to  fill  various  public  offices  in  the  province.  That  of  re- 
corder he  held  until  his  death,  which  took  place  in  1720.' 
He  left  one  son  and  six  daughters.  From  these  latter  are 
descended  some  of  the  most  respectable  inhabitants  of  Ports- 
mouth. His  son  George  Vaughan,  who  was  Lieut.  Govern- 
or for  a  short  period,  was  born  in  1668,*  and  graduated  at 
Harvard  College  in  1696.  After  completing  his  studies, 
he  went  to  London,  where  he  was  employed  as  agent  lor  the 
province.  He  was  there  noticed  by  persons  of  quality  and 
influence  with  whom  his  father  had  been  connected.  By  them 
he  was  recommended  as  a  candidate  for  the  office  of  Lieut, 
Governor.  Accordingly,  on  the  accession  of  George  L,  he 
was  appointed  to  that  office.  He  arrived  in  N.  Hampshire  in 
October,  1715,  and  published  his  commission.  His  unexpec- 
ted elevation  was  esteemed  a  mark  of  particular  favor  from 
the  Crown  to  the  Province,  and  was  a  source  of  gratification 
to  his  father,  who  had  been  ill-treated  by  the  former  Govern- 
ors, and  had  suffered  much  in  the  cause  of  his  country.  Af- 
ter holding  the  office  for  one  year,  he  was,  on  the  occasion  cf- 
some  altercation  between  him  and  Governor  Shute,  suspen- 
ded, and  shortly  after  removed.  He  died  in  December.  1 725, 
leaving  two  sons  and  five  daughters.  William  Vaughan,  the 
principal  subject  of  this  memoir,  was  the  oldest  son  of  Gov- 
ernor Vaughan,  and  was  born  at  Portsmouth,  Sept.  1 2, 
1 703.  For  several  years  after  his  father's  death,  he  continued 
a  merchant  in  his  native  town  5  but,  possessing  an  enterpri- 
sing disposition,  he  left  his  native  place  and  emigrated  to  the 
eastern  country,  accompanied  by  a  few  hardy  adventurers 
from  the  neighboring  towns,  and  formed  a  settlement  at  a 
place  called  Damariscotta,  about  13  miles  below  fort  Pema- 
quid.  They  had  here  numerous  difficulties  and  dangers  to 
encounter,  such  as  new  settlers  in  the  midst  of  a  wilderness 
and  surrounded  by  a  barbarous  enemy,  are  subject  to. 
Vaughan  being  a  man  of  excellent  tmderstanding,  of  a  dar- 
ing temper  and  an  enthusiastic  mind,  was  well  qualified  for 
this  undertaking  ;  and  suffered  no  obstacles  to  prevent  the 
accomplishment  of  his  views.  The  following  extract  from 
one  of  his  letters  will  give  some  idea  of  his  situation.  "  We 
"  are  all  well,  though,  in  other  respects,  exceedingly  unfortu- 
"  nate.  The  times  are  likely  to  be  dangerous  in  such  a  re- 
"  m^ote  place  as  this.  The  people  here  are  hourly  expecting 
"  to  hear  that  France  has  joined  Spain  in  a  war  against  Eng' 

['''April  13,  1676,  says  an  original  record  in  the  secretary's  o&ce.-Ed 


Biographical  Skdchen.  16a 

"  land  ;  and  that,  as  the  Indians  are  so  much  under  the 
"  French,  (a  Jesuitical  influence,)  that,  if  there  are  notsonie 
"  cautionary  preparations  made  by  the  Government  to  se- 
"  cure  these  parts,  it  will  be  d  angerous  for  them  to  tarry 
"  here.  The  Irish  people  are  not  so  much  moved,  as  many 
"  of  them  have  not  been  acquainted  with  the  barbarity  of 
"  the  Indians  ;  but  the  people  in  my  concerns  are  mostly  Eng- 
"  lish  from  Dov'er,  Somersworth,  Oyster  River,  Exeter,  Kit- 
"  tery,  Scarborough,  &:c.,  and  are  actually  about  70  souls, 
"  men,  women  and  children,  that  live  in  my  houses  around 
"me;  and  the  men  wholly  employed  in  my  service.  Some 
"  of  them  have  had  their  fathers  and  mothers  killed  ;  some 
"  their  otl-.er  relations  ;  others  have  been  wounded  in  their 
"  own  persons,  by  the  Indians  in  the  former  wars.  They  are 
"  in  a  great  uproar,and  say  they  will  leave  the  place,  if  some 
"  security  is  not  procured  for  it." — He  goes  on  to  state  that 
the  place  was  of  great  importance  to-the  government,  and 
that  it  had  been  of  considerable  consequence  to  the  Indians 
in  time  of  war. 

His  men  were  employed  in  carrying  on  the  fishing  trade, 
and  here  it  was  that  he  first  conceived  the  idea  of  the  capture 
of  Louisbourg.  He  soon  after  re{)aired  to  Boston,and  confer- 
red with  Gov.  Shirley  upon   the  subject,     proposing    that 
it  should  be   taken  by    surprise,  by  going  over  the   walls 
in  winter  upon  the  drifts  of  snow.     The  Governor  was  forci- 
bly struck   with    the   plan,   and  the  people   having  caught 
Vaughan's  enthusiasm,  preparations  were  immediately  made. 
The  command  of  this  expedition  was  given  to  William   Pep- 
perrell,  Esq.,  and  the  result  is  well  known.     Vaughan  served 
as  Lieut.  Colonel.     Although  he  refused  any  regular  com- 
mand, he  made  himself  highly  useful  during  the  whole  siege, 
by  his  advice  in  councils,  and   intrepidity  and  vigilance  in 
scouring  the  country  and  rcconnoitering  the  enemy.     If  any 
perilous  commission  waste  be  executed,  the  General  always 
appointed  Vaughan  to  head  it.     A  short  time  before  the  sur- 
render, he  headed  a  detachment,  consisting  chiefly  of  New- 
Hampshire  troops,  and  marched  to  the   N.  E.   part  of  the 
harbor,    where  they  burned  some  ware    houses  and  naval 
stores.     The  smoke  being  driven  by  the  wind  into   the  ene- 
my's grand  battery,  so  terrified  them,thatthey  abandoned  il. 
Whereupon,  Vaughan  entered,  and  immediately  wrote   the 
General  that  he  had,  with  the  aid  of  thirteen  men,  entered 
the  enemy's  royal  battery,  and  was  waiting  for  a  reiaforce- 
ment,  and  a  flag.     Before  they  could  arrive,  however,  aa 
hundred  men  were  dispatched  from    the  city  to  retake  the 
battery:   but  Col.  Vaughan,   with  his  small  party,  out  he 


164  Biographical  Sketches. 

n9ked  beach,  and  in  face  of  a  smart  fire  from  the  city  and 
bo;ns,  kept  them  from  landing,  until  a  reinforcement  arrived. 
— In  every  duty  of  fatigue,  or  sanguine  adventure,  he  was 
always  ready  ;  and  the  New-Hampshire  troops  animated  by 
his  example,  partook  largely  of  the  dangers  and  labors  of  the 
siege. 

But  the  most  worthy  arc  not  free  from  the  shafts  of  calum- 
ny. Some  of  the  officers  of  the  exp^^dition,  actuated  by 
envy  of  his  superior  abilities,  conceived  a  bitter  jealousy 
towards  him,  and  endeavored  by  every  means  to  deprive 
him  of  all  shore  of  the  credit  of  the  expedition.  This  deter- 
mmed  him  to  embark  for  England,  to  obtain  that  reward  for 
his  services,  which  he  so  justly  deserved.  Previous  to  his  de- 
parture, he  wrote  as  follows  to  a  friend  at  Portsmouth." 

Louisbonrg,  June  19th  1745* 
"  I  have  lived  here  in  great  bitterness  of  mind,  and  cheerful- 
"  ly  done  my  duty,at  the  same  time,  despise  those  who  strive 
"  to  fn  t  roe.  I  rejoice  at  this  opportunity  of  wishing  you  joy 
"  of  our  conquest  of  Louisbourg.  They  surrendered  the 
"  I6th,  and  we  entered  the  17th.  I  have  reason  to  be 
"  thankful  for  what  I  have  done  in  this  aifair.  I  hope  to  sail 
"  to-morrow  for  London."  He  received  letters  of  introduction 
fromhis  fticnds  to  some  gentlemen  in  London;  and  one  of 
them  pai<)  him  f  he  following  handsome  compliment  in  a  letter, 
whirh  was  received  by  one  of  Vaughan's  relations  about  a 
year  after  his  departure.  "  I  have  seen  your  kinsman  and 
"  !iis  pvpers.  and  according  to  what  appears  to  me,  he  was 
"  not  only  the  prim^im  mobile,  but  the  very  thing  in  this  grand 
"  aifair,  quite  to  the  surrender  of  the  place.  And  were  I  to 
"  bejudgeand  rewarder  of  his  merit,  I  should  think  him 
"  worthy  of  the  utmost  notice,  profit,  and  honor.  And  yet 
"  I  am  afraid  of  the  upshot  of  all  his  time,  fatigue,  bravery 
"  and  expense.  You  may  depend  that  according  to  your 
"  desire,  I  will  assuredly  do  him  all  the  good  and  service  I 
"  poi^'^i'  'ly  can,  for  I  have  a  great  value  for  his  virtue  in  gene- 
"  ral,   and   for  his  solid,  firm,  intrepid,  persevering  temper. 

"  But  I  suspect has  cut  the  grass  under  his  feet, 

"  and  set  him  in  a  languid  light  here,  lest  he  should  otherwise 
"  eclipse  hislusture."  This  supposition,  it  is  probable,  was 
but  too  literally  correct ;  for  while  the  successful  comman- 
der of  the  expedition  was  soon  after  knighted  and  otherwise 
distinguished,  the  intrepid  Vaughan  remained  more  than  a 
year  in  England,  in  the  vain  expectation  of  receiving  some 
compensation  from  the  sovereign  whom  he  had  so  signally 
served. 


Biographical  Sketches.  I6i 

He  died  in  London  in  December,  1746,  in  the  prime  of 
life,  the  victim  of  the  persevering  cftbrts  of  his  enemies.  He 
was  greatly  regretted  by  an  extensive  circle  of  acquaintance 
in  this  country,  who  Knew  and  justly  appreciated  his 
worth. 


Enoch  Poor. 

Enoch  Pooa  was  an  officer  of  worth  and  distinction  in 
the  war  which  achieved  our  national  independence.  At  the 
first  meeting  of  the  Provincial  Assembly  of  New-Hampshire 
after  the  commencement  of  hostilities,  it  was  voted  to  raise 
and  equip  two  thousand  men,  to  be  formed  into  three  regi- 
ments, one  of  which  was  given  to  the  command  of  Col.  Poor. 
The  other  two  were  placed  under  the  command  of  John 
Stark  and  James  Read.  Col.  Poor  served  in  the  army  five 
years.  He  died  in  New-Jersey,  8  September,  1780,  agpd 
43,  of  a  bilious  fever  after  thirteen  days'  illness.  A  funeral 
oration  was  delivered  at  his  interment,  at  Hackinsack,  by  his 
chaplain,  Rev.  Israel  Evans,  which  was  printed,  and  from 
which  we  derive  some  of  the  most  conspicuous  traits  of  his 
character.  "  He  was  prudent  in  counsel  and  solid  in  judg- 
ing, firm  and  steady  in  his  resolutions,  cautious  of  unneces- 
sary danger,  calm  and  undaunted  in  battle,  vigorous  and 
unwearied  in  obeying  military  commands,  and  executing 
enterprizcs  ;  patient  and  persevering  under  hardships  and 
difficulties,  punctual  and  exact  in  the  duties  of  the  army. 
His  mind  was  engaged  in  promoting  the  good  of  the  army, 
and  in  preserving  order  and  regularity  among  those  troops 
he  commanded  :  and,  far  from  possessing  such  a  narrow  and 
impoverished  soul  as  can  be  content  with  a  bare  escape  from 
censure ;  he  was  ever  willing  and  pleased  to  do  as  much  as 
posssible,  even  though  it  were  out  the  imr:iediate  line  of  his 
duty.  He  was  aff'able  and  condescending,  easy  of  access, 
yet  maintaining  dignity,  and  commanding  respect ;  ever  sus- 
taining an  honorable  command  of  his  passions.  He  well  knew 
how  to  respect,  and  he  honored  all  characters  which  were 
faithfully  employed  in  the  discharge  of  their  duly,  and  he 
thought  none,  who  were  faithful  and  brave,  beneath  his  no- 
tice. The  soldiers,  under  pressing  circumstances  of  distress, 
had  free  access  to  him,  and  he  was  a  father  to  them. 

He  was  an  unchangeable  friend  of  the  moral  and  social 
virtues,  and  taught  the  excellence  of  them  more  by  his  ami- 
able example  than  by  a  pompous  parade  of  words  without 
actions.  He  was  an  invariable  advocate  for  public  and 
divine  worship,  never  omitting  to  assemble  the  troops  under 


166     .  Biographical  Sketches, 

his  command,  at  the  stated  time  for  this  purpose,  when  the 
circumstances  ot  the  areiy  would  permit,  nor  disdaining  to 
pay  his  own  personal  attendance. 

From  Boston  to  Canada,  and  from  Canada  to  those  impor- 
tant fortresses  on  Lake  Champlain,  and  irom  thence  in  vari- 
ous encounters,  in  toils  of  marches,  and  pains  of  hunger, 
until  his  troops  fought  the  army  of  Burgoyne  on  the  heights 
of  Behmus,  where,  in  repeated  battles,  and  in  the  convention 
ot  Saratoga,  he  was  entitled  to  a  large  share  of  those  laurels 
which  crowned  the  American  arms.  In  the  year  1779,  it 
was  his  lot,  with  many  more,  to  dare  the  hardships  of  the 
wilderness,  and  traverse  a  land  before  unknown,  as  far  as  the 
Chenesses,  [Genncssee,]  and  it  was  by  the  troops,  under  his 
command,  that  the  savage  enemy  were  defeated.  When  the 
campaign  of  1780  opened,  without  soliciting  the  post  of  hon- 
or and  superior  danger,  or  even  knowing  the  intention  of  any 
new  appointment,  his  merit  procured  him  the  command  of 
a  Brigade  of  Light  Infantry  under  the  honorable  Major-Gen- 
al  the  Marquis  de  la  Fayette.  With  pleasure  he  accepted 
that  command,  desirous  of  serving  the  interest  of  his  country 
more  eminently  in  this  station,  and  of  emulating  the  generous 
zeal  of  him,  who,  though  not  born  in  America,  made  the 
cause  of  this  continent  his  own,  and  spared  neither  blood 
nor  treasure  to  establish  our  Independence. 

This  was  the  last  command  with  which  General  Poor  was 
invested.  In  this,  and  all  others  which  preceded  it,  it  was 
his  eager  desire  to  bring  the  war  to  an  honorable  and  speedy 
conclusion  :  But  alas !  in  the  midst  of  the  most  sanguine 
hopes  and  expectations,  he  was  removed  from  the  service  of 
the  United  States." 


Alexander  Scammbl. 
Alexander  Scammel,  a  meritorious  officer  of  the  Ameri- 
can revolution,  was  born  in  that  part  of  Mendon,  now  Mil- 
ford,  in  the  county  of  Worcester,  in  Massachusetts,  He 
graduated  at  Harvard  college  in  1769,  and  was  employed  a 
short  time  in  teaching  a  school  at  Kingston,  Ms.  In  1770, 
he  was  master  of  the  public  school  in  Plymouth,  and  on  the 
20  December,  that  year,  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Old 
Colony  Club,  a  society  which  was  the  first  in  New-England 
that  publicly  noticed  the  landing  of  the  Fathers.  The  next 
year  he  repaired  to  Portsmouth,  where,  under  the  auspices 
of  a  cousin  of  his  name  in  the  employment  of  government,  he 
•■^ntered  upon  the  business  of  surveying  and  exploring  lands. 


Biographical  Sketches.  16f 

and  of  the  royal  navy  timber,  about  1772.  In  an  interval  of 
suspended  occupation,  he  kept  school  six  weeks  at  Berwick; 
and  at  one  period,  entered  on  the  study  of  law  with  General 
Sullivan,  whom  he  styles,  "an  excellent  instructor  and  worthy 
patron."  He  afterwards  assisted  Captain  Holland  in  mak- 
ing surveys  for  his  map  of  New-Hampshire.  In  August, 
1772,  be  appears  to  be  serving  on  board  the  sloop  Lord 
Chatham,  bound  from  Pascataqua  river  to  Boston,  to  send 
despatches,  plans  and  reports,  &c.  to  the  lords  of  the  treas- 
ury." This  vessel  mounted  several  swivels,  and  carried 
small  arms,  and  her  place  of  rendezvous  was  Falmouth,  now 
Portland. 

Thus  we  trace  Mr.  Scammel  from  the  seat  of  the  muses 
and  the  village  school,  to  the  surveyorsbip  of  the  then  royal 
forests  of  New-Hampshire  and  Maine ;  and  shortly  afterward 
in  the  changeful  course  of  events,rising  rapidly  in  the  military 
career,  until  we  find  him  the  confidential  friend  of  Washing- 
ton, whose  early  years,  like  his,were  an  employment,  which, 
while  it  inures  the  constitution  to  fatigue,  also  aids  the  ac- 
quirement of  what  in  military  language  is  called  "  coup  cP  aiW^ 
One  of  the  most  remarkable  traits  in  the  character  of  Gen. 
Washington  was,  it  is  said,  his  intuitive  knowledge  of  men. 
Doubly  honorable  indeed,  then  it  is,  to  have  received  his 
confidence ! 

In  1775,  Mr.  Scammel  was  appointed  brigade  major,  and 
in  1776,  he  was  appointed  colonel  of  the  third  battalion  of 
continental  troops  raised  in  New-Hampshii-e.  In  1777,  col- 
onel Scammel  commanded  the  third  regiment  of  this  stale, 
and  was  wounded  in  the  desperate  battle  of  Saratoga.  In 
1780,  the  levy  of  this  state  was  reduced  to  two  regiments, 
when  he  commanded  the  first.  He  was  afterwayds  appoint- 
ed adjutant  general  of  the  American  armies,  in  which  office 
he  was  deservedly  popular,  and  secured  the  esteem  of  the 
officers  of  the  army  generall)%  On  the  30  September,  1781, 
at  the  memorable  and  successful  siege  of  York-Town,  he 
was  officer  of  the  day  ;  and  while  rcconnoitering  the  situa- 
tion of  the  enemy,  was  surprised  by  a  party  of  their  horse  ; 
and  after  being  taken  prisoner,  was  inhumanly  wounded  by 
them.  He  was  conveyed  to  the  city  of  Williamsburg,  Vir- 
ginia, where  he  died  October  G.  and  where  is  a  monumental 
lablet, 

"  Which  conqu'ring^  armies,  from  their  toils  return'd, 
"  Rear'd  to  his  glory,  while  his  fate  they  mourn'd." 

Humphreys. 


16R  Biographical  Sketches. 

Hall  Jackson. 

Hall  Jackson,  Esq.  M.  D.,  son  of  Dr.  Clement  Jacksoa. 
*a  gi-aduate  of  Harvard  University,  grandmaster  of  the  ma- 
sonic fraternity  in  New-Hampshire,  was  a  physician  and  aiw- 
geon  of  eminence  at  Portsmouth,  the  place  of  his  nativity. — 
The  success,  which  attended  his  mode  of  treating  the  small 
pox,  and  his  labors  in  the  obstetrick  branch  of  his  profession, 
gained  him  a  distinguished  reputation. 

Hew^asaman  of  brilliant  genius,  lively  fancy,  extensive 
reading  ;  and  of  such  social  qualities,  as  rendered  him,  at  all 
times,  a  pleasing  companion,  particularly  to  those,  who  adopt 
the  maxim,  dum  vivimus  xivamus. 

A  small  tract  containing  observations  on  the  putrid  malig- 
nant sore  throat,  which  prevailed  in  New-Hampshire,  from 
1 784  to  1 786,  inclusively,  was  written  and  published  by  him, 
but  without  his  name. 

Doctor  Jackson's  death,  occasioned  by  a  hurt,  which  he 
received  from  the  oversetting  of  his  carriage,  took  place  in 
the  autumn  of  1797,  he  having  entered  on  his  fifty  eighth 
year.  He  left  a  widow  and  one  daughter,  Mrs.  Mary  Eliza- 
beth Symmes,  the  former  of  whom  died,  in  1805,  and  the 
latter,  in  1 809.  His  son  Theodore  Jackson,  to  the  great  grief 
of  the  doctor,  was  cut  off  in  the  morning  of  life. 

Pres,  Alden's  Collections, 


Solomon  Moor. 

Rev.  Solomon  Moor  was  born  of  a  respectable  family  ai 
Newtown,  Limavady,  in  Ireland,  in  1736.  He  received  the 
honors  of  the  University  of  Glasgow,  in  1758.  Having 
studied  theology  with  Professor  Leechman,  of  that  Univer- 
sity, he  was  licensed  to  preach  by  the  Londonderry  Pres- 
bytery, July  26, 1 762.  Four  years  after,  be  was  ordained  a 
minister  at  large,  and  the  following  Oct.  arrived  at  Halifax, 
Nova-Scotia,  whence,  after  a  short  tarry,  he  came  to  Boston  •, 
having  letters  of  credence  and  recommendation  to  Rev.  Mr. 
Moorhead,  for  whom  he  preached  the  first  sabbath  after  his 
arrival.  The  ensuing  sabbath,  he  preached  for  Rev.  Mr. 
M'Grcgore,  of  Londonderry,  in  this  state.  In  February 
1767,  he  went  to  New-Boston  ;  and  on  the  6th  of  Septem- 
ber, the  following  year,  was  installed  over  the  church  in 
that  place.  Having  served  his  people  in  the  ministry  34 
years  and  4  moHths,  he  died  May  28,  1803,  aged  67. 


(169) 


Notices  of  the  'fown  of  Rochester,  Strafford   County,  K.  H. 

By  Rev,  Joseph  Haven,  Pastor  of  the  Congregational  society 

in  said  totvn. 

There  were  a  considerable  number  of  towns  settled  in 
this  state,  before  the  settlement  commenced  at  Rochester. 
Dover,  which  is  contiguous  to  it,  was  settled  before  it,  an 
hundred  years. 

Captain  Timothy  Roberts  was  the  first  person,  who  made 
a  permanent  settlement  in  Rochester;  he  came  from  Dover 
with  his  family  on  the  28th  of  December,  (old  stile,)  in  the 
year  1728,  and  his  posterity  are  now  quite  numerous  in  this, 
and  the  neighboring  towns.  But  he  came  in  ('i-rilous  times; 
the  town  was  then  on  the  frontier;  the  savages  were  trouble- 
some ;  and  the  civil  affairs  of  the  state  [Province]  were  un- 
settled and  precarious.  The  town,  therefore,  as  might  be 
expected,  made  but  slow  progress  in  settlement. 

A  different  state  of  things  commenced  after  the  conquest 
of  Canada  by  the  British  and  American  troops  in  the  year 
17G0.  Previous  to  that  time,  the  people  were  few  in  num- 
ber, poor  and  distressed  but  they  do  not  appear  to  have  been 
discouraged.  Whenever  there  was  war  with  the  savages, 
the  people  were  under  the  necessity  of  removing  their  fam- 
ilies into  garrisons,  and  to  be  upon  the  v/atch  night  and  dajf. 
They  were  unable  to  improve  their  little  farms  but  at  great 
hazard  of  their  lives;  they  carried  their  fire  arms  into  their 
fields,  and  set  sentinels  to  give  the  alarm,  whenever  an 
enemy  might  approach.  In  this  way,  they  were  kept  in 
want,  and  with  great  difBculty  obtained  a  scanty  and  bare 
subsistence.  Schools  were  necessarily  neglected,  and  chil- 
dren brought  up  in  ignorance  ;  the  effects  of  which  are  to  be 
seen  and  felt  to  this  day.  The  settlers  of  those  days  in  this 
town  were  bold,  hardy  and  industrious  ;  their  sons  were  train- 
ed up  to  the  use  of  the  musket ;  they  were  always  on  the 
watch,  and  lived  and  laboured  at  the  muzzle  of  their  guns, 
so  that  the  savages,  who  frequently  passed  through  the  town, 
to  attack  the  people  on  the  lower  settlements,  (especially 
those  from  Pequackett,)  rarcl}'  obtained  any  advantage. 

On  the  27th  of  June  (old  style)  in  the  year  1 746,  four  men 
were  killed  by  the  savages  in  this  town,  on  the  main  road  to 
Dover,  about  a  mile  below  Norway-Plain  brook,  viz.  Joseph 
Heard,  Joseph  Richards,  John  Wentworth,  and  Gershoai 

22 


170  Sketches  of  Rochester* 

Downs.  On  the  same  day,  another  person  by  the  name  of 
Jonathan  Richards,was  woundcd,taken  prisoner,and  carried 
to  Canada,  but  soon  returned,and  died  in  Rochester  in  1793, 
A  small  lad  was  taken  prisoner  on  the  same  day,  probably 
by  the  same  party  of  Indians,  on  the  road  called  Sabnon-falL 
His  name  was  Jonathan  Door;  he  was  carried  captive  to 
Canada,  and  did  not  return  till  after  the  subjugation  of  that 
Province  by  the  English  and  Americans.  He  lived  to  an 
advanced  age.  May  23,  1747,  Samuel  Drown  was  badly 
wounded.  May  1st,  1748,  the  wife  of  Jonathan  Hodgdon 
was  killed  by  the  Indians.  She  refused  to  yield  herst  If  up 
as  a  prisoner,  and  preferred  immediate  death  to  being  led 
into  captivity.  Her  husband  was  within  hearing  of  her  cries, 
but  was  unable  to  render  her  an  effectual  assistance.  A  man 
by  the  name  of  Moses  Roberts  was  killed  in  this  town,  but 
not,  as  has  been  represented,  by  the  savages.  He  was  sta- 
tioned as  a  sentinel  not  far  from  the  brook,  called  Norway 
Plain  brook.  About  a  quarter  of  a  mile  up  the  hill,  which 
ascends  from  the  brook,  on  the  main  road  to  Dover,  another 
sentinel  was  stationed  near  the  Garrison-house.  The  ad- 
vanced sentinel,  (Roberts,)  from  some  circumstance  or  other, 
became  tcrritied,  and  retreated.  The  sentinel  on  the  hill  near 
the  garrison,  hearing  a  noise  in  the  bushes,  and  seeing  them 
wave,  suspected  th-,it  the  savages  had  passed  by  Roberts, 
and  were  approching  to  make  an  attack  on  the  garrison. 
He,  accordingly,  fired  his  gun,  and  shot  Roberts.  He 
died  the  next  morning,  blaming  himself  and  justifying  the 
man,  who  shot  him. 

In  all  their  sore  trials  and  distresses,  the  people  met  with, 
they  were  not  unmindful  of  religion,  or  the  gospel  ministry. 
In  less  than  ten  years  after  the  first  settlement  of  the  town, 
they  settled  the  Rev.  Amos  Main  among  them,  who  greatly 
encouraged  them  in  their  concerns  spiritual  and  temporal. 
Such  was  his  character,  that  he  might  well  enough  be  styled. 
Boanerges,  (son  of  thunder,)  yet  he  was  a  son  of  consolation 
to  them  in  all  their  afflictions,  and  he  was  with  them  through 
all  their  most  trying  scenes.  He  died  April  5th,  1760 — 
Rev.  Samuel  Hill  was  installed  November  19,  1760,  and 
died  Nov.  19,  1764.  Rev.  Avery  Hall  was  ordained,  Octo- 
ber 15,  1776,  ana  v/as  dismissed  April  10,  1775.  The  pres- 
ent incumbent,  Joseph  Haven,  was  ordained  Jan.  10,  1776. 
So  that  it  appears,  that  this  (own  has  not  been  without  a  set- 
tled minister  four  years  since  the  ordination  of  Mr.  Main,  in 
1737.  The  church,  in  1  766,  the  time,  when  its  present  pas- 
tor was  ordained,  consisted  of  sixty-five  members.  Two 
only  of  those,  who  belonged  to  it  then,  are  living  now  ;  and 
they  are  almost  90  years  of  age  each.     Seventy-four  have 


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il>iri^           : .  ,0 

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c< '  ■hrjrrari  -              nr^n  80 

HI                 ir  were  bc(»c«a 
CO 

«   of  P-»nnrnt*f»i  •»?»*l  MiVon  ort**rnf'r  made  i 

<wni 

At 

ih<  in  the*  ihrre 

|ov*,M  '    '     -      '     r 
have  < 
cor               I), ..  !,   1  :•»!:.     M.:: .,:.   , 

r 

•  ■■         '       -        -     -.  ^     -       -    , r 

brti  (obc  in,  vii.  orilhcr  neh  norj^ 

o 

Hiirael  from  Uu  Jir$i  Bemk  o/  Omrtk  Rttonb  m  HtfkimhH, 
Nrw^llofikintoa,  a  new  to«n«hip  Liid  out  ai  Arti  by  onlrr 

1,1    ■■  ■         '  ■  ".:,'. 

N. 

«hij«*  ;  w  I- 
ton.  a  town 
Ird  Nrw-Hopkinton.  whwh  aftrrw  «r»J  by  the  t 

thr  linr  hrfwrrn  that  pr— 'wl  the  pr»»viii. .     •.!    N- ». 

Hnfnr>*hirr.  ft  l|  mio  thr  »(  N«*w.H;inip»hirr.    The 

•  '1^ 


Ih-   '  ,  ,   _ 

any  lonfrr.     But  after  that  war  wan  rndr«l,  the  artilenirni  of 

the  pi  irc  was  «♦•■--■    •        '       timJ  on  to  »hit    in  the 

rrjr  1 757,  on  t)  r,  a  church  was  C'tit* 


1 72  The  Old  Boar  chafes  again. 

ered,  arid  a  minister  ordained  in  the  place  :  viz.  Rev.  Jame* 
Scales.  There  was  yet  no  house  built  for  the  public  wor- 
ship of  God  in  the  place,  because  the  place  being  the  out- 
most settlement ;  and  much  exposed  in  time  of  war :  there- 
fore, the  ordination  was  solemnized  in  Putney's  Fort,  so 
called,  and  the  numerous  spectators  attended  the  solemnity 
abroad  in  the  open  air,  the  weather  being  very  warm,  calm 
and  pleasant  for  the  season. 


THE  OLD  BOAR  CHAFES  AGAIN. 

A    STORY. 

[The  editors  acknowledge  their  obligations  to  the  gentleman 
who  furnished  them  with  the  following  communication. 
The  circumstances  related  in  it  actually  occurred  at  Hollis, 
in  the  early  settlement  of  that  town.  Alfred,  the  princi- 
pal subject  of  the  story,  was  Capt.  Peter  Powers,  the  first 
white  inhabitant  of  that  place.  Anna  was  his  wife,  and 
the  boy  was  the  first  native  of  Hollis,  afterwards  Rev. 
Peter  Powers,  who  graduated  at  Harvard  college  in  1754  ; 
was  ordained  at  Haverhill,  N.  H.,  1765  ;  dismissed,  1784 ; 
removed  to  Deer  Isle,  in  Maine,  1785,  where  he  died  in 
1799.  "  He  was  a  faithful  and  discriminating  preacher, 
and  was  possessed  of  superior  talents."  As  the  story  is 
descriptive  of  the  early  scenery  of  the  country,  of  the 
manners,  habits,  hardships  and  mutual  attachments  of  the 
first  settlers,  it  cannot  fail  to  be  interesting  to  many  of  our 
readers,  and  as  the  incidents  are  matters  of  fact,  it  is  judg- 
ed proper  to  introduce  it  into  the  Collections.] 

At  the  settlement  of  ******,  a  town  In  the  county  of  Hills- 
borough, and  originally  in  the  old  Dunstable  grant,  and 
while  there  was  as  yet  but  one  family  in  town,  they  were  in 
the  custom  of  rearing  a  large  number  of  swine,  and  permit- 
ted them  to  run  at  large  in  the  woods,  and  to  subsist  upon 
roots,  ^uts  and  acorns,  which  grew  in  great  abundance  in  the 
place.  In  the  fall  of  the  year,  or  at  the  time  of  the  first  deep 
snow  that  fell,  the  older  members  of  the  herd,  that  were 
originally  tame,  would  lead  their  numerous  offspring  into 
winter  quarters  at  a  shed  erected  for  that  purpose  at  some 
distance  from  the  house,  where  the  owner  disposed  of  there 


The  Old  Boar  chtp.s  agam.  1 73 

at  his  pleasure,  although  many  of  them  were  as  unlamc  and 
not  less  ferocious  than  the  lieasts  of  the  mountains.  At  thnt 
period,  bears,  and  other  boasts  of  prey  were  plenty,  and 
somehow  exceedingly  hostile  to  swine.  It  became  necessary, 
therefore,  to  provide  for  the  defence  of  the  herd  by  letting 
one  of  the  males  live  beyond  the  period  of  life  ordinarily 
assigned  to  that  species  by  man  ;  at  which  time  he  became 
literally  the  master  oflhcjlock.  His  tusks  protruded  on  eith- 
er side  of  his  mouth  in  nearly  semicircles  to  the  distance  ol 
seven  inches.  He  seemed  conscious  of  his  superiority  and 
responsibility.  He  was  fierce  in  the  extreme,  and  when 
the  herd  was  assailed  by  danger,  he  presented  himself  in- 
stantly to  the  foe  with  eyes  darting  fire,  with  tusks  heated  to 
blueness,  and  with  his  mouth  foaming  to  a  frightful  degree. 
He  roamed  the  forest  unconscious  of  danger  5  he  led  the  herd, 
and  but  few  of  the  untamed  tribes  had  the  temerity  to  dis- 
pute right  or  title  to  supremacy  with  him.  It  happened, 
however,  on  an  autumn's  da}-,  when  Anna,  the  beautiful, 
healthful  and  blooming  Anna,  the  young  partner  of  Alfred, 
our  solitary  adventurer,and  the  mother  of  one  fine  little  boy, 
the  first  birth  of  English  extraction  in  the  town,  and  who 
afterwards  became  the  Son  of  Consolation  to  the  pious,  and 
a  Boanerges  to  the  unregenerate  ;  when,  1  say,  she  approach- 
ed the  door  of  her  cell,  to  listen  to  the  sound  of  her  absent 
husband,  whose  presence  the  gathering  shades  of  evening, 
the  deep  solitude  of  the  place,  and  a  lurking,  savage  foe,  ren- 
dered peculiarly  grateful  to  the  sharer  of  his  toils  and  the 
sweetncr  of  his  adventurous  life  ;  while  she  yet  listened  to 
the  repeated  sound  of  the  descending  axe,  or  the  crash 
of  falling  trees,  she  heard  faintly,  although  distinctly,  the 
dying  cries  of  one  of  their  herd  at  a  great  distance.  She  re- 
mained in  this  state  of  suspense  but  a  few  moments  before  the 
herd  came  rushing  through  the  forest  in  the  greatest  trepi- 
dation. The  oldest  dams  of  the  herd,  apparently  exhausted 
and  without  their  common  leader  and  protector,  seemed  in- 
clined to  take  refuge  in  the  apartment,  which  had  been  their 
retreat  in  former  winters  ;  but  the  younger  branches  of  the 
herd  would  not  accompany  them.  The  dams  seeing  this, 
passed  directly  on  and  disappeared  in  the  forest  on  the  op- 
posite side.  The  cries  of  the  wounded  were  still  heard,  but 
grew  fainter  and  fainter  until  lost  in  death.  But  the  tremb- 
ling Anna  had  not  yet  removed  from  the  spot,  before  the  mas- 
ter of  the  flock  came  rushing  through  the  bushes  in  eager  pur- 
suit of  his  charge,  which  had  left  him  in  the  rear  by  many  a 
rood.  He  was  bathed  in  his  blood,  foaming  at  the  mouth, 
gnashing  his  tusks,  and  exhibited  a   most   frightful  aspect. 


174  The  Old  Boar  chafes  again. 

Regardless  of  home,  he  approached  a  field  of  corn  growing 
near  the  cabin,  and  leaped  the  fence  without  touching  the 
topmost  knot,  although  it  was   proof  against   horses  which 
strolled   through  the   woods  from  other  neighboring   settle- 
ments on   the  line  of  Massachusetts.     He   passed   directly 
through  the  field,  and  leaped  out  without  touching  one  ker- 
nel  ot   corn,  and   disappeared  in  the  forest.     In  about  one 
hour  after,  Alfred,  the  wished  for  husband,  returned  with  his 
axe  upon  his  shoulder,  enlivening  the  forest,  to  say  nothing 
of  Anna's  heart,  as  he  approached  with  his  evening  whistle, 
whilst  his  old  bell  cow,  in  clumsy  march  in  front,  with  udder 
distended,  beat  a  tattoo,  which,  although  harsh  and  dissonant, 
amused  the  weary  driver,  and   summoned    Anna,  with  her 
milk  pail  to  her  evening  task.     Scarcely  had  Alfred  secured 
the  topmost  rail  to  his  yard  enclosure,  when  Anna  from  the 
window  of  her  cabin,  saw  her  husband  held  in  the  most  anx- 
ious suspense.     For  a  moment  he  paused  and  listened  ;  the 
next  he  exclaimed — "  Anna,  Anna,   bring  in  one  minute  my 
gun  and  ammunition,  for  the  old  master  himself  is  worsted." 
In  a  trice  they  were  at  hand — "  Look  to  yourself  and  boy," 
said  Alfred,  and  in  a  moment  disappeared  in  the  forest  and 
shades  of  the  night.     Pursuing  with  great  precipitancy  the 
course  whence  the  sound  proceeded,  which  alone  broke  the 
silence  of  evening,  Alfred  soon  found  himself  at  the  distance 
of  a  mile  from  his  cabin,  surrounded  with  black  alders  so 
thickly  set  as  almost  to  be  impenetrable  to  man  or  beast ;  be- 
fore him  was  a  pond  about  one  mile  in  length,  and  from  forty 
to  eighty  rods  in    breadth.     He    was  near  midway   of  the 
pond,  and  the  sound  from  the  laboring  boar  and  his  antag- 
onist, (a  mixed,  frightful  yell,)  proceeded  directly  from  the 
opposite  shore.     Nothing  now  remained  but  for  Alfred   to 
plunge  into  the  pond  and  make  the  opposite  shore  by  beat- 
ing the  waves,  or  to  divide  himself  a  passage  among  the 
alders  around  one  of  the  extremities  of  the  pond,  which  could 
not  be  done  short  of  travelling  the  distance  of  another  mile. 
But  no  time  was  to  be  lost.  The  cries  of  the  swine  bespoke  the 
greatest  danger.     The  latter  task  was  chosen,  and  in  a  space, 
and  with  a  courage  and  energy  scarcely  conceived  by  our 
puny  generation,  Alfred  arrived  at  the  scene  of  action.     Ye 
sons  of  Hillsborough,  whose  heart  does  not  at  this  moment 
misgive  him,  while  approaching  the  battle   ground,  alone,  in 
darkness,  and  uncertain  as  to  the  nature  of  the  foe!  But  Al- 
fred preceeded  with  an  undaunted  firmness.     He  was  under 
the  necessity   of  approaching  near  to  them,  before  he  could 
make  any  discovery  by  reason  of  the  darkness  of  the  night, 
rendered  more  dark  by  the  towering  trees  that  mingled  their 


The  Old  Boar  chafes  again.  1 7i» 

branches  at  some  sixty  or  seventy  feet  from  the  ground, 
and  a  dense  underwood,  which  stood  like  a  hedge  continual- 
ly before  him.  The  instant  he  eniered  the  space  way  which 
had.  been  beaten  down  during  the  action,  Alfred  saw  the 
boar  seated  upon  the  ground,  and  still  defending  himself 
against  the  most  furious  assaults  of  the  hugest  bear,  which 
his  eyes  ever  beheld.  Ife  was  like  his  old  bell  corv  for  mag- 
nitude. Alfred  drew  his  gun  to  his  shoulder,  and  was  in  the 
attitude  of  taking  aim,  when  he  perceived  obscurely,  that  the 
bear  was  in  a  line  from  him  to  the  boar,  and  he  could  not 
discharge  his  piece  without  endangering  the  latter ;  and  as  he 
^'as  moving  in  a  circular  direction  to  obtain  a  safe  discharge, 
he  was  discovered  by  the  bear,  at  which  the  latter  bounded 
into  the  bushes  and  disappeared.  Alfred  now  came  up  to 
the  keeper  of  his  herd  and  witnessed  such  tokens  of  gladness 
on  his  approach  as  both  surprised  and  affected  him.  It  was, 
however,  too  solemn  an  hour  with  the  swine  to  lavish  upon 
his  deliverer  unmeaning  ceremonies !  As  soon  as  he  found 
himself  safe  from  his  too  powerful  antagonist,  he  prostrated 
himself  flat  on  the  ground,  and  lay  sometime  in  pantings  and 
groans,  which  were  indescribable.  Alfred  now  discharged 
his  gun  with  a  view  to  terrify  the  beasts  of  prey  and  to  keep 
them  ofl'  during  the  night.  He  struck  and  kindled  a  fire, 
and  upon  a  slight  examination  found  that  his  hog  was  lacer- 
ated and  mangled  in  a  most  shocking  manner.  He  was 
utterly  disabled  from  walking  or  rising  except  upon  his  fore 
feet.  But  what  is  to  be  noticed  especially  in  this  narration, 
is  this — The  boar  after  some  little  time  recovered  from  his 
extreme  exhaustion,  and  soon  gained  the  same  position  in 
wliich  his  owner  found  him  ;  and  no  sooner  was  this  obtain- 
ed, than  he  began  to  beat  a  challenge  for  the  renewal  of  the 
contest.  His  eyes  flashed  with  rage,  he  stamped  with  his  fore 
feet,  he  chafed,  ho  gnashed  with  his  tusks  and  foamed  at  the 
mouth,  and  looked  around  with  the  greatest  apparent  firm- 
ness for  his  antagonist.  Hence  arose  the  proverb,  which 
was  afterwards  often  repeated  by  Alfred,  that  The  old  Boar 
chafes  again.  Alfred  now  burned  some  powder  around  him, 
and  left  him  for  the  night,  and  returned  to  his  cabin,  where, 
perhaps,  he  was  never  more  joyfully  received  by  his  young 
wife,  who,  during  all  this  while,  remained  listening  at  her 
window  with  a  solicitude  more  readily  conceived  than  ex- 
pressed. The  next  day  some  help  was  obtained,  and  the 
field  of  action  revisited.  The  boar  had  not  moved  out  of 
his  place,  but  was  still  weltering  in  his  blood.  With  much 
labor  he  was  conveyed  home,  and  as  the  bear  had  already 
disqualified  him  for  propagating  his  species  in  future,  he  was 


176  Original  LtUcrs, 

yarded,  fattened  and  killed,  and  by  his  death  helped  to  pro- 
long that  existence  to  the  family,  which  he  could  no  longer 
promote  by  his  life.  With  a  view  to  account  for  the  melan- 
choliy  fate  of  the  boar,  Alfred  and  his  associates  went  and 
searched  for  the  swine  that  was  destroyed  in  the  afternoon 
of  the  preceding  day.  They  found  one  of  the  largest  hogs 
slain  evidently  by  a  bear,  and  near  to,  a  huge  bear  was  as 
evidently  slain  by  the  boar.  This  caused  them  to  conclude 
that  the  first  hog  was  mortally  wonnded  by  a  bear  in  the 
absence  of  the  boar ;  but  the  cries  of  the  wounded  soon 
brought  the  master^  when  an  engagement  ensued,  in  which 
the  bear  was  slain  ;  not  however,  without  loss  of  blood  to 
the  Boar.  That  during  the  first  action  the  rest  of  the  herd 
fled,  and  that  the  boar  was  in  pursuit  of  them  when  he  pass- 
ed the  cabin  through  the  field.  That  after  running  several 
miles,  he  either  swam  the  pond  or  fetched  a  compass  round 
it,  and  at  the  point  of  exhaustion  he  fell  in  with  a  still  more 
powerful  antagonist; — that  by  consequence  of  his  loss  of 
iDlood  and  fatigue  his  defence  was  feeble  in  comparison  with 
what  it  would  otherwise  have  been,  and  that  he  was  overporv- 
ere.d  rather  than  subdued ;  and  like  many  a  Roman  and  Gre- 
cian hero,  he  fell  because  the  fates  decreed  it. 


ORIGINAL  LETTERS. 
Letter  from  Rev.  Jacob  Bacon,  to  Meshech  Weare,  Esq. 

[Rev.  Jacob  Bacon,  the  writer  of  the  following  letter,  was 
the  first  minister  in  Keene,  and  the  second  settled  in  any 
part  of  Cheshire  county.  When  the  settlement  of  Keene 
was  broken  up  by  Indian  invasion,  he  removed  to  Plym- 
outh, Mass.  and  was  installed  in  the  third  church  in  that 
place,  of  which  he  continued  the  beloved  and  respected 
pastor  until  1776,  when  the  connexion  was  dissolved  by 
mutual  consent.  He  afterwards  preached  about  eighteen 
months,  at  Plympton,  second  parish,  (now  Carver,)  whence 
he  retired  to  Rowley,  where  he  died,  1787,  in  his  86st 
year.  Mr.  Bacon  was  born  at  Wrentham,  1 706,  gradua- 
ted at  Harvard  college,  1731.  His  descendants  are  in 
Plymouth,  Salem  and  elswhere.] 

Honoured  Sir — Not  only  the  small  acquaintance  I've  had 
with  yourself,  but  your  noble,  general  and  generous  char- 


Original  JLttttrs,  177 

acter,  both  emboldens  and  encourages  me  to  present  this 
short  memorial  to  yourself;  It,  by  any  means,  to  engage 
your  Honour's  favour  and  intlucnce  in  my  interest,  with  his 
Excellency,  and  the  governing  powers  of  New-Hampshire, 
should  need  require.  And  to  be  as  concise  as  possible  : 
Sir,  you  may  not  be  altogether  unacquainted,  that,  although 
I  am  now  at  Plymouth,  yet  was  once  settled  in  the  western 
frontier,  at  a  place  called  Upper  Ashuclot,  where  1  was  from 
Oct.  1737,  to  April  1747,  wading  through  all  the  difiiculties 
which  commonly  attend  an  infant  plantation,  even  from  the 
very  first ;  together  with  the  additional  difficulties  of  an  In- 
dian war,  and  of  being  cut  off  from  the  protection  of  our 
mother  government,  and  so  finally  denied  the  protection  of 
any;  by  which  means,  being  reduced  to  a  small  number, 
were  all  (tho'  with  great  reluctance)  obliged  to  quit  our  hab- 
itations, to  come  off  and  leave  what  we  had  done  and  laid 
out  for  so  many  years,  and  which  indeed  to  me,  with  many 
others,  it  was  all  except  a  few  clothes,  and  what  could  be 
carried  upon  an  horse.  All  that  I  had  got,  or  could  get, 
(under  the  unknown  difficulties,  as  to  yourself  of  having  no 
law  or  government  for  some  years  to  assist  me,  in  recovering 
what  by  promise  and  contract  was  due  for  my  support)  I 
laid  out  in  buildmg,  in  land  and  in  manuring  of  it,  with  oth- 
er necessaries  to  accommodate  my  Hvmg,  all  which  fell  hut 
little  if  any  (in  that  day  =ind  state  of  things)  short  of  1000/ ; 
and  as  I  lost  all  my  buildings,  which  were  burnt  by  the  en- 
emy, as  a  dwellinff-bouse,  though  finished  but  in  part,  yet 
materials  provided  for  the  rest  were  consumed  with  it,  and  a 
barn  of  42  and  30  feef,  we'l  finished,  together  wi!h  not  short 
of  an  hundred  pound,  which  I  allcwed  and  laid  out  toward 
the  fort  and  meeting-house  ;  and  now  am  in  danger  (as  I  am 
told  by  some,  and  threatened  by  others)  of  losing  all  my 
interest  fh  -re  in  lands,  which,  beside  the  lot  granted  by  our 
Court  to  the  first  settled  minister,  and  what  1  laid  out  in  lands 
for  convenience,  and  in  clearing,  was  such  a  sum  of  money 
as  but  few  would  feel  easy  to  lose,  and  which  would  almost 
if  not  quite  ruin  ray  secular  interest,  as  1  have  sold  some 
which  I  had  bought,  and  have  only  bonds  to  secure  deeds 
of  other  lots  which  co-t  me  some  hundreds.  And  there- 
fore, if  from  this  representation  of  the  case  (which  1  think  is 
just  and  honest,  however  weak  and  obscur'"^)  it  shall  appear 
to  your  honour  that  I  deserve  any  favour,  (though  by  Divine 
Providence  1  am  forbid  to  be  there  to  look  alter  it,  yet  do, 
and  shall  ever  be  ready  to  bear,  and  be  my  part,  according 
to  my  real  or  supposed  interest  in  supplying  my  place  there, 
and  in  all  public  charges)  I  earnestly  crave  an  interest  in 
23 


178  Original  Letters, 

your  ffood  will  and  influfncc,  whenever  the  matter  shall  be 
debated,  and  a  charier  given  to  that  tov»nship  by  the  govern- 
ment of  Nt'W-Hampshire,  unto  which  the  jurisdiction  now 
belongs,  that  f  may  not  be  left  out,  or  rut  off ;  but  have  my 
interest  securrd  in  'he  lands,  and  to  .^uch  lots  and  tracts  (ac- 
cording to  our  re(  ords  and  divisions)  as  by  settling,  per- 
for  ning  of  the  duty,  and  by  deeds  and  bonds  I  can  produce 
and  show  a  just  claim  and  title.  And  as  there  be  some  of 
the  proprietors  and  claimers  to  an  interfst  in  that  towj:iship, 
who  took  advantage  of  our  weak  and  broken  slate,  and  refu- 
sed to  be,  or  pay  their  proportionable  part  toward  my  sup- 
port, and  that  for  many  years,  some  Riore  and  some  less, 
and  which  I  never  did  or  could  obtain  ;  in  which  case  I 
should  be  glad  if  justice  misfht  be  done. 

And  now,  sir,  if  it  be  not  below  your  notice,  nor  inconsis- 
tent with  your  business  or  character,  to  undertake  for  me,  or 
engage  me  friends  in  court,  to  see  that  my  right  and  interest 
be  secured,  it  will  not  only  lay  me  under  the  strongest  bond 
of  gratitude,  but  of  miiking  full  satisfaction  to  your  honour 
for  all  the  cost  and  pains  you  shall  be  at  in  securing  of  it. 
This  from  your  Honoui-'s  friend, 

and  Humble  servant, 

JACOB  BACON. 

Plymouth,  Feb.  19,  1753. 

Meshech  Weare,  Esq. 

Hampton-Falls,  J^.  H. 


Copy  of  a  Letter  from  Hon.   Matthew   Thornton  to  Pres^ 

ident  Weare. 

Merrimack,  29th  Dec.  A.  D.  1781. 
Honble.  &  Dear  SrR, 

The  Vermont  affair  grieves  me  more  than  our  war  with 
Great  Britain.  Heathens  were  shocked  when  brother-  kill- 
ed brother  in  battle  :  how  much  more  ought  christians  to 
shudder  at  the  very  thougl  t  of  brother  killinL^  brother  about 
a  line  of  jurisdiction.  For  merry's  sake.  Sir,  if  po:l?;ibIe, 
prevent  every  hf)stile  measure  until  the  honble.  CoNtinen- 
tal  Congress  explicitly  fixes  their  bounds,  and  informs  thorn 
what  to  depend  upon,  and  New-Hampshire  how  to  conduct. 
Taking  one  man  m^y  begin  a  war,  but  when,  or  how  it  will 
end,  the  Great  Ruler  only  knows.  From  thr  best  informa- 
tion, a  very  great  majority  on  both  sides  of  the  river  will 
acquiesce  in  the  determination  of  Congress  :  If  so,  and  we 
wait,  all  will  be  peace.     If    they  will   not,  and  we  wait,  Ft 


Original  Letla's.  ilV 

will  be  the  thirteen  United  States  against  the  Vernionters. 
If  we  do  not  wait,  it  m;iy  be  called  a  y)rcmature  act  of  New- 
Hamp-^hire.  I  know,  it  is  said,  take  a  few  of  the  leaders, 
and  the  i-est  will  submit.  The  British  ministry  reasoned  the 
same  way  about  Amoriians.  What  will  the  rest  be  about, 
while  our  men  are  taking  and  bringing  away  the  tew.  Send 
an  army  before  they  are  prepared,  many  say.     They  are 

rrepared  to  begin  a  war  whenever  we  provoke  them,  and 
presume  it  will  not  be  dote  very  soon.  Give  them  time 
and  they  X"  ill  join  with  the  Britains,  Canadians  and  Indians 
are  though;  powerful  reasons  for  expedition.  I  think  for 
procrastination,  because  they  have  h;id  time  sufficient  time 
already,  and  if  they  intend  to  prosecute  that  scheme,  it  is  not 
[best]  to  begin.  If  so,  it  ought  to  be  the  thirteen  United 
States,  and  not  one  of  the  smallest,  to  engage  them.  The 
power  of  making  war  or  peace  is  deleg  ted  to  the  honble. 
Continental  Congress,  and  it  would  be  impertinent  to  nsk, 
if  one  has  the  power  that  every  state  has  given  up  to  Con- 
gress. Pray,  Sir,  excuse  this  trouble.  It  does  not  come 
to  dictate,  but  to  ease  my  mind,  anxious  for  my  country 
and  the  peace  and  happiness  of  mankind.  1  humbly  sub- 
mit the  aforesaid  thoughts  and  the  enclosed*  to  your  better 
judgment,  and  have  th'^  honor  to  be 

Your  most  obedient  and  vfry  humble  servant, 

MATTHEW  THORNTON. 
The  Honble.  Meshech  Weare,  Prea, 

of  the  Council,  State  oj  N.  H, 


*  Ttie  enclosed  were  a  few  elesfiac  lines  to  the  raemory  of  Colonel 
Alexander  Scaminel,  of  whom  we  have  g'iven  a  short  account  page 
166,  preparM  from  scittered  notices  of  him  in  the  Collections  of 
the  Mass.  Hisl.  Sue.  The  tribute  of  affection  leferred  to  was  probably 
written  by  Mr.  Thornton,  and  we  copy  it  without  alteration. 

Ye  weeping  Muses,  Graces,  Virtues,  tell 
How  all  accomplish'd  Col'oel  Scammel  fell ; 
You,  nor  afflicted  heroes  ne'er  deplor'd 
A  loss  like  that,  these  plaintive  lays  record. 
Such  spotless  honour,  such  ingenuous  truth  ; 
Such  ripen'd  wisdom  in  (he  bloom  of  yooth  ; 
So  mild,  so  gentle,  so  composed  a  mind, 
To  such  heroic  warmth  and  courage  join'd. 
His  early  youth  was  DursM  in  learning's  arms, 
For  nobler  war,  forsook  her  peaceful  cbarme. 
He  was  possessed  of  every  pleasing  art, 
The  secret  joy  of  evVy  h  )ne«t  heart  : 
He  was  cut  off  in  youthful  glory's  pride, 
Yet  UDiepioiag^  for  faiseonntry  died. 


180  Longevity. ...Auihtntic  Anecdote. 

Instance  of  Longevity. 

[Coramunicated  in  a  letter  to  one  of  the  Editors  by  JoHW  M.  HcBT,   Esq.    of 

Dunstable.] 

Respecting  old  Mr.  Lovewell,  I  have  not  been  able  to 
procure  much  information  relative  to  his  life  and  character  : 
however,  if  we  may  rely  on  tradition,  the  following  succinct 
account  may  be  considered  pretty  correct.  Zaccheus  Love- 
well,  of  Dunstable,  who  lived  to  the  remarkable  age  of  one 
hundred  and  twenty  years,  was  a  native  of  England.  He 
had  the  honor  of  serving  as  an  Ensign  in  the  army  of  Oli- 
ver Cromwell,  the  Protector,  and,  upon  the  overthrow  of 
the  Commonwealth,  and  the  accession  of  Charles  II.  to  the 
throne  of  his  unfortunate  father,  he  left  his  native  country, 
emigrated  to  New-England,  and  settled  somewhere  in  this 
vicinity.  In  the  disturbances  which  so  frequently  armed  the 
early  settlers  of  this  country  against  the  savages  of  the 
wilderness,  in  which  the  offspring  of  Mr.  Lovewell  bore  such 
honorable  part  and  acquired  so  many  laurels,  he  remained 
an  idle  spectator,  always  maintaining  the  strictest  neutrality. 
In  his  conversations  with  the  Indians,  they  frequently  told 
him  of  the  many  opportunities  they  had  of  taking  his  life, 
■while  lying  concealed  in  ambush,  but  on  account  of  his  great 
friendship  for  them,  together  with  the  circumstance  of  his 
having  white  hair  (for  which  scalps  the  French  government 
paid  no  bounty)  they  never  molested  him.  Not  much  is 
known  respecting  his  family,  excepting  his  three  sons,  who 
were  all  distinguished  men,  and  worthy  the  remembrance  of 
their  countrymen.  Zaccheus  was  a  colonel,  and  is  mention- 
ed by  Dr.  Belknap;  Jonathan  was  known  as  a  minister,  rep- 
resentative and  judge  ;  and  John  was  the  celebrated  heroot 
Pequawkettr 

Dunstahh,  May  23,  1823, 


Authentic  Anecdote. 
[Communicated  by  Dr.  IsAAc  Stearns,  of  Dunbarton.] 

Capt.  Caleb  Page  and  Robert  Hogg  were  among  the  first 
inhahitants  of  Dunbarton,  and  experienced  all  the  priva- 
tions, hardslups,  and  fears,  attendant  on  settlers  of  a  new 
coimtry.  Page  removed  from  Atkinson  ;  was  somewhat 
above  the  generality  of  first  settlers  as  to  property ;  and 
withal  was  a  very  liberal  spirited  man,  imparting  his  advice 
and  assistance  to  his  neighbors  on  many  occasions.  Hogg 
came  from  Ireland  ;  was  poor,  ignorant  of  the  customs  of 
the  country,  and  oi  the  art  of  husbandry  \  but  he   had  a 


Literary  J^otices.  181 

good  education  for  that  time,  and  was  oflen  employed  to  in- 
struct the  children  of  his  neighbors,  by  which  means  he  ob- 
tained the  appellation  of  master.  An  anecdote  is  related  of 
these  two  men  characteristic  of  the  cordiality  and  friend- 
ship that  subsisted  among  the  early  settlers  of  our  country, 
and  which  was  not  suffered  to  be  embittered  by  the  most  se- 
vere jests.  Hogg,  wishing  to  plant  some  potatoes,  and  hav- 
ing urtderstood  that  people  used  manure  to  increase  their 
growth,  applied  to  Capt.  Page  to  know  what  he  must  use, 
as  he  had  no  manure.  Page  told  him  that  rotten  hemlock 
would  answer  every  purpose  as  a  substitute.  He  according- 
ly applied  a  shovel  full  to  each  hill.  The  ht-atand  drvncss  of 
this  substance  was  such  that  it  prevented  the  potatoes  from 
vegetating.  Being  asked  a  few  weeks  after  bow  his  pota- 
toes looked,  Hogg  replied,  "  They  have  denied  the  resur- 
rection, for  not  one  of  them  lio?  come  up."  Mr.  Hogg, 
however,  soon  found  out  the  joke  that  had  been  put  upon  him, 
and  without  any  ill-will  waited  for  an  opportunity  to  retali- 
ate in  his  own  way.  Being  sent  to  by  Page  for  toljacco 
plants,  he  sent  him  a  quantity  of  young  mulbms,  which, 
when  young,  bear  a  great  resemblance  to  tobacco  plants. 
Page  had  them  very  carefully  set  out,  when  !o  !  instead  of 
tobacco,  he  raised  a  fine  crop  of  mjtZ/tn.f.  At  harvest-time. 
Page  ordered  his  men  to  fill  a  cart  body  full  of  potatoes  and 
take  over  to  neighbor  Hogg;  this  was  accordingly  done. 
Master  Hogg  likewise  sent  Page  a  large  roll  of  home  raised 
tobacco. 


ILiter^rg  JLoticeisf^ 


REVIEW. 

The  J^ew  Hampshire  Agricultural  Repository,  J^o.  t ,  Published 
by  the  Board  of  Agriculture,  Concord,  N.  H.  J.  B.  Moore, 
pp.  135. 

The  degree  of  attention  devoted  to  Agriculture,  the  spirit 
of  rational  enquiry  into  the  means  of  impro  ingthe  ait,  and 
the  increased  facilities  of  diffusing  practical  and  scientific  in- 
formation among  our  farmers,  must  be  a  source  of  real  grati- 
fication to  every  citizen  in  our  country.  Men  of  the  highest 
standing  and  talents  among  us,  delight  to  enrol  themselves 
among  farmers ;  the  chymist,  the  botanist,  and  the  philoso- 
pher are  proud  to  devote  then)selves  to  investigations  which 
have  for  their  object  the  improvement   of  Agriculture,   the 


182  Agricultural  Repository,  J^o.  7. 

nurse  from  which  the  state  derives  its  nourishment.  Imple- 
ments of  husbandry  and  machines  for  facihtating  the  labor 
of  the  farmer  are  contrived  and  improved,  on  the  fundamen- 
tal principles  of  mechanics,  by  the  philosopher;  his  investi- 
gations respecting  the  properties  of  the  wedge,  the  wheel  and 
axle,  and  of  certain  curves  are  happily  applied  to  the  im- 
provement of  the  plough,  the  threshing  machine  and  the 
chaff-cutter ;  the  researches  of  the  botanist  afford  us  new 
guides  in  the  propagation  and  improvement  of  various  vege- 
tables which  the  farmer  cultivates ;  and  the  laboratory  of 
the  chymist  furnishes  us  with  the  most  important  information 
respecting  the  nature  of  soils  and  of  manures  :  his  crucible 
and  retort  make  us  acquainted  with  the  various  changes 
which  they  suffer,  either  from  vegetation,  or  from  the  sponta- 
neous reaction  of  their  own  parts;  and  at  the  same  time,  with 
singular  felicity  and  address,  open  to  us  the  way  to  improve 
the  defects  of  the  one,  and  increase  the  virtues  of  the  other. 
The  practical  artist  no  longer  disdains  the  aid  of  the  scientif- 
ic theorist;  the  architect  and  mechanist,  the  bleacher  and 
dier  and  many  other  artizans  have  received  important  aid  m 
their  various  departments  from  investigations  conducted  in 
the  closet  and  in  the  furnace.  Nor  has  agriculture,  the  most 
important  of  all  arts,  derived  less  benefit  from  the  same  sour- 
ces. For  the  truth  of  this  statement,  we  appeal  with  perfect 
confidence  to  those  who  cultivate  their  grounds  on  scientific 
principles.  The  united  energies  of  the  head  and  hands  can 
effect  any  object;  the  head  of  the  chymist  and  philosopher 
united  to  the  hands  of  the  farmer,  will  speedily  bring  agricul- 
ture to  a  degree  of  perfection  hitherto  unknown.  The  improve- 
ments arising  from  their  conjoined  efforts  will  be  adopted 
with  avidity  by  the  liberal  and  unprejudiced  follower  of  the 
plough ;  the  knowledge  of  new  modes  of  culture,  and  new 
means  of  improvement  will  be  extensively  diffused  by  peri- 
odical publications  devoted  to  this  purpose  only.  We  feel  a 
glow  of  honest  pride  when  we  reflect  that  papers,  like  the 
New-England  Farmer,  and  the  American  Farmer,  exclusively 
devoted  to  thi>^  subject,  already  find  the  means  of  existence. 
It  is  a  proof  of  an  increasing  interest  in  the  subject  of  agri- 
culture ;  and  as  they  act  as  a  stimulus  to  enquiry,  and  dif- 
fuse important  information,  we  most  cordially  wish  them  in- 
creasing patronage  and  success.  The  Massachusetts  Agri- 
cultural Repository,  is  a  work  replete  with  useful  and  prac- 
tical information  relating  to  this  subject.  The  first  talents  in 
the  State  are  engaged  in  furnishing  its  pages,  and  its  benefi- 
cial influence  on  the  agriculture  of  New-England  is  too  evi- 
dent to  be  particularly  noticed  at  this  time.    Ws  must  confine 


Agricultural  Repository^  A'o.  /.  IQo 

ourselves  to  a  cursory  notice  of  the  work  whose  title  stands 
at  the  head  of  this  tirticle. 

The  cstabhshmeMt  of  the  Board  of  Agriculture  in  New- 
Hampshire  is  no  less  honorable  to  our  State,  than  it  is  rrcd- 
itabie  to  those  wise  legislators,  who  proposed  and  efl'rcted 
this  measure.  We  trust  that  the  public  voire  will  always  aid 
and  support  the  exertions  of  this  Board,  the  institution  of 
which  constitutes  an  important  era  in  the  history  of  our  agA 
riculture;  and  since  agriculture  is  of  the  highe.-t  importance 
to  this  State,  we  trust  also,  that  our  legislature  will  not  be  tar- 
dy in  adopting  every  measure  by  which  hs  interests  can  i)e 
promoted  and  its  practice  made  more  successful.  Numerous 
benefits  would  be  derived  from  a  scientific  agricultural  sur- 
vey of  the  State.  Such  a  survej'  is  one  of  the  most  prominent 
means  of  im])roving  the  general  interests  of  agriculture  ;  ajid 
we  hope  that  our  farmers,  our  Agricultural  Societies,  and  the 
Board  of  Agriculture,  will  be  prompt  in  effecting  such  an  ob- 
ject. It  will  make  us  acquainted  with  all  our  varieties  of  soil 
and  their  productions,  and  will  aftbrd  a  sure  gu'de  to  im- 
provement and  perfection  in  the  art.  The  Boara  of  Agri- 
culture ib  required  by  the  act  instituting  it,  to  publish  annu- 
ally some  pamphlet,  on  agricultural  subjects;  one  thousand 
copies  of  which  are  to  be  distributed  gratis  among  the  towns 
in  Nfw-Hampshire.  This,  the  Board  is  enabled  to  do  by  the 
munificence  of  the  Legislature,  and  the  number  before  us  is 
their  first  publication.  This  number  contains  the  acts  of  the 
Legislature  instituting  the  Board  ;  an  introductory  address 
on  the  importunce  of  agriculture,  and  several  agricultural  es- 
says, to  which  is  appended  the  address  of  the  Rev.  Mr. 
MooRE,of  Milford,  before  the  County  Agricultural  Society  of 
Hillsborough.  This  address  weare  sorry  to  see  placed  in 
this  work.  We  believe  that  the  Board  of  Agriculture  are  not 
authorized  to  defray  the  expense  of  publishing  those  address- 
es, which,  at  the  be.st,  are  ephemeral  productions,  and  possess 
only  a  temporary  interest,  with  the  funds  provided  by  the 
State  for  diffusing  agricultural  knowledge  only,  and  not  moral 
and  religious  infoj-mation  among  our  farmers.  The  address 
treats  a  common  topic  in  a  very  common  manner,  and  is  cer- 
tainly well  enough  in  its  place  ;  but  we  must  enter  our  pro- 
test against  publishing  :«ora/  and  religious  tracts  in  the  New- 
Hampshire  Agricultural  Repository.  We  hope  that  the 
next  number  issued  by  the  Board  will  commence  with  page 
123,  so  that  we  may  have  Mr.  Moore's  address  bound  by  it- 
self, and  the  agricultural  papers  by  themselves,  without  des- 
troying the  continuity  of  the  work.     We  should  not  think  of 


184  Agricultural  Repository,  jVo.  /. 

tacking  a  fourth  of  July  oration  to   a  collection  ©f  facts  and 
essays  on  the  climate  of  our  country. 

The  introductory  address  occupies  about  one  half  of  the 
whole  number  of  pages,  and  contains  a  slight  sketch  of  the 
history  of  agriculture  from  the  earliest  ages,  together  with 
some  remarks  on  subjects  of  more  general  interest.  The  ob- 
servations on  the  importance  of  the  farmer  to  the  communi- 
'  ty  are  very  well,  and  we  hope  will  make  farmers  feel,  more 
than  ever,  the  dignity  of  their  station.  The  importance  of  ag- 
ricultural shows  is  well  portrayed,  and  the  remarks  on  the 
manner  of  awarding  premiums  highly  judicious  and  impor- 
tant. "  In  offering  rewards  for  agricultural  productions,  re- 
gard ought  to  be  paid  to  the  expense  of  cultivation."  Cer- 
tainly "  he  is  entitled  to  the  reward  who  raises  the  best  and 
most  useful  animals  with  the  least  expense."  "  Let  premiums 
be  offered  for  the  most  profitable  crops."  p.  25.  We  cordial- 
ly coincide  with  such  opinions,  and  heartily  recommend 
this  part  of  the  work  to  the  attentive  perusal  of  our  award- 
ing committees.  While  we  are  upon  this  subject,  we  respect- 
fully suggest  to  our  Agricultural  Societies,  the  propriety  of 
offering  a  large  premium  for  the  greatest  relative  improve- 
ment that  shall  be  made  on  any  farm  for  a  given  number  of 
years.  Let  the  competitors  enter  their  names  now ;  let  the 
viewing  committee  examine  the  farm  in  its  present  state  ;  no- 
tice every  thing  about  it  which  make  the  ingredients  of  a /arm; 
then  let  the  committee  again  examine  these  farms  at  the  end 
of  three  or  five  years,  and  award  the  premium  to  him,  who, 
all  things  considered,  shall  have  made  the  greatest  improve- 
ment in  that  time. — The  offering  of  such  a  premium  would 
be  productive  of  incalculable  benefit  to  the  agriculture  of 
the  State.  If  there  were  twenty  competitors,  twenty  farms 
would  be  materially  benefitted  in  a  short  time  ;  the  offering  of 
such  a  premium  would  give  every  man  an  equal  chance,  and 
"  those  who  have  had  the  fortune  to  have  their  lines  cast  on 
poor  or  ordinary  soil,  will  have  encouragement  to  enter  into 
competition  with  their  neighbors  whose  land  is  much  better 
than  their  own." 

Although  we  are  well  pleased  to  see  some  of  the  defects  of 
our  farms  pointed  out  in  this  address,  yet  we  regret  that  so 
few  pages  have  been  devoted  to  this  subject.  The  remarks 
relating  to  wood  lots,  fences,  and  particularly  to  the  situa- 
tion of  barn  yards  and  the  preservation  of  manure,  are  truly 
important,  and,  although  they  are  obvious  to  every  reflect- 
ing and  judicious  farmer,  yet  we  hope  they  will  be  produc- 
tive of  great  benefit  to  many,  very  many,  who  content  them- 
selves with  doing  as  their  grandfachers  and  great  grandfa. 


Agricultural  Repository,  J{o,  J.  185 

tners  did  before  them,  and  who  seem  to  be  totally  unconscious 
of  the  rapidly  progressive  state  of  our  country.  No  notice  of 
the  most  capital  defect  of  our  husbandry  is  found  in  this  address. 
We  refer  to  the  attempt  to  cultivate  too  much  land.  We  appre- 
hend thisis  thesourco  of  most  of  the  defects  complained  of  in 
the  address  ;  we  know  it  to  be  the  origin  of  many  of  them. 

The  introductory  address,  though  diffuse  in  its  style,  and 
exhibiting  too  often  a  carelessness  in  introducing  words  which 
do  not  belong  to  the  English  language,  as"  progressed," "illy," 
&:c.,  will  we  apprehend  be  productive  of  much  good  among 
our  farmers.  There  are  men  of  education  in  the  Board,  and 
they  ought  to  revise  the  papers  before  publication,  and  give 
evidence  that  they  have  not  frequented  our  free  schools, 
those  sentry-boxes  of  liberty,  in  vain. 

On  Manure. — We  fully  accord  with  the  writer  of  this  ar- 
ticle, that  "■  the  great  mystery  of  agriculture  lies  in  the  art  of 
making  and  using  manure."  There  are  two  classes  of  agri- 
culturalists, one  of  which  strongly  advocates  the  use  of  fer- 
mented manure,  and  the  other  is  as  decidedly  in  favor  of 
us'ng"  green  dung."  The  middle  course  and  doubtless  the 
correct  one,  of  using  manure  in  which  the  process  of  fermen- 
tation has  just  commenced,  is,  in  most  instances,  impracticable. 
We  arc  not  satisfied  that  the  method  of  preparing  manure, 
detailed  in  this  paper  is  the  most  profitable  or  economical. 
There  can  be  no  doubt  that  "  loam  or  pond  mud"  mixed  with 
fermenting  manure,  retains  a  portion  of  the  "  fertilizing  efflu- 
via," but  there  is  also  a  very  great  portion  dissipated  and  lost 
under  any  circumstances.  W^e  know  by  experiments  con- 
ducted with  the  most  scrupulous  care  for  retaining  the  "  fer- 
tilizing effluvia,"  that  a  very  great  portion  is  lost  ;  and  to  us 
therefore  it  does  appear  incredible  "  that  the  quantity  of 
manure  should  be  increased  one  third  and  its  quality  greatly 
improved"  by  this  process ;  nor  can  we  perceive  the  least 
analogy  between  the  astonishing  effects  produced  by  the  fer- 
mentation of  potatoes  and  grain  in  the  formation  of  alkohol, 
and  the  putrefactive  fermentation  of  dung.  No  two  spontane- 
ous processes  can  be  more  dissimilar  in  their  effects,  p.  73. 
We  nave  the  assertion  of  the  writer  that  he  has  successfully 
practised  his  method  of  mixing  "  green  dung"  with  loam  or 
pond  mud,  for  eight  years,  and  we  have  no  reason  to  doubt 
the  practical  utility  of  his  mode,  but  we  cannot,  without 
more  evidence,  subscribe  to  his  reasoning  on  the  subject. 
We  'jelieve  that,  while  he  pleases  himself  with  the  idea  of 
using  gently  fermented  manure, and  thus  perhaps  gratifies  some 
«ld  prejudices,  he  does  in  fact  use  unfermented  manure.    The 

94 


186  Agnculiural  Repository,  J^o,  L 

mixture  of  loam  and  mud   in  the  proportions  directed  wilL 
we  apprehend,  not  only  check  fermentation,   but  be   also  of 
the  farther  use   of  absorbing  those  soluble   portions   which 
would  otherwise  be  carried  off  by  rains  or  drain  into  the  soil 
beneath.     We  are  inclined  to  believe  that  the  loam  is  benefi- 
cial rather  from  a  mechanical  agency,  than  from  a   chymical 
action ;  we  are  not  furnished  with  the  slightest  evidence  that 
fermentation  occurs.    It  is  remarked,  p.  8 1 ,  that  "  when  green 
dung  is  laid  on  the  field  and  ploughed  in,  it  is   so  dispersed 
thai  it  can  ferment  but  little  if  any,"    True,  but  this  no  is  argu- 
ment against  the  use  of  unfermented  manure  :  we  know  from 
some  experiments  which  our  limited  means  and  time  afforded 
us  an  opportunity  to  make,  and  which  we   may  detail  more 
particularly    hereafter,  that   unfermented   dung,   and   even 
straw,  wet  and  broken  by  laying  in  the  hog-house,  is  decom- 
posed and  disappears  very  rapidly  when  it  is  applied  to   the 
roots  of  growing  vegetables  ;  whereas,  if  it  be  not  subjected  to 
the  action  of  such  roots  when  covered  in   the  ground,  it  re- 
mains a  long   time    without  suffering   any  obvious   change. 
What  peculiar  action  the  roots  of  growing  vegetables  exert, 
by  which  they  can  promote  such  changes  in  manure,  we  are 
not  now  prepared  to   say,  but  such  is  the   fact.     Chymists 
find  by  analysis  that   many  different   ingredients  enter  into 
the  composition  of  vegetable  substances  and  among  them 
charcoal  or  carbon  is  a  predominant  ingredient.  "  It  appears 
reasonable,  therefore,"  says  the  writer,  "  that  dung  should  be 
brought  to  a  carbonic  state  in  order  to  afford  food  for  vegeta- 
bles.    In  this  state  it  is  easily  soluble  in  w^ater  and  probably  af- 
fords the  greatest  degree  of  nutriment  to   plants.     This  af- 
fords an  argument,"  continues  he,  "in  favor  of  giving  to  dung 
a  thorough  fcrmenlative  process  in  order   to   obtain   its   most 
nutritious  effects." — Yes,  it  affords  an  argument  against  the 
very  practice  which  it  is  the  object  of  the  paper  to  recom- 
mend ;  it  affords  an  argument  in  favor  of  using  short   muck 
and  fire  fanged  dung.    If  by  the  "carbonic  state,"  be  meant 
carbon,  and  we  know  not  what  else  it  can  mean,  the   whole 
statement  betrays  a  c;ross  ignorance  of  chymistry  and  of  the 
very  first  principles  of  the   application  of  manures.    Carbon 
is  totally  insoluble  in  water,  nor  have  we  any  evidence  that 
it  is  ever  received  into  the  vessels   of  plants   except   in  the 
state  of  carbonic  acid  or  carbonic  oxide,  both  of  which  sub- 
stances are  formed  and  entirely  dissipated  by  a   "  thorough 
fermentative  process."    We  are,   on  the   whole,  very  much 
pleased  with  the  practical  details  contained  is  this  paper,  and 
notwithstanding  the  author  has   committed  some   grievous 
theoretical  blunders,  we  recommend  his  method   to  the  far- 
9ners  of  this  State,  as  one  which  will  be  profitably  employed.- 


Agricultural  Repository^  J^o,  I.  187 

Rotation  of  Crops. — This  paper  is  the  production  of  the 
Rev.  Mr.  Moore,  of  whose  address  we  have  above  spoken. 
■We  are  happy  to  have  this  opportunity  to  bestow  great  praise  r 
this  essay  is  the  most  sensible  paper  on  the  subject,  we  have 
ever  read,  and  richly  deserved  the  premium  awarded  to  it 
by  the  County  Society  in  Hillsborough.  It  deserves  the 
careful  attention  of  every  one  who  wishes  to  cultivate  his 
farm  with  success  and  economy. 

On  the  Culture  of  Wheat. — This  is  an  useful  paper.  We  how- 
ever doubt  the  propriety,  as  a  general  practice,  of  steeping 
whoat,  or  any  other  seeds  in  saline  solutions  previous  to 
plaiitmg  them.  It  is  said,  indeed,  that  steeping  wheat  in  brine 
will  prevent  the  smut;  seeds  which  have  been  subjected  to 
the  action  of  such  solutions  germinate  quickly,  but  it  has  been 
noticed  that  plants  growing  from  seeds  which  have  been  sub- 
jected to  ihis  artificial  stimulus,  are  usually  feeble  and  sick- 
ly, and  do  not  come  tomaturity  sooner  than  those  which  have 
not  been  subjected  to  such  process,  and  that  the  product  is 
not  so  good.  If  we  would  make  a  correct  use  of  the  analo- 
gy pointed  out  by  the  writer,  between  the  young  of  our  stock, 
and  their  dams,  and  the  young  plant  and  the  seed  from  which 
it  grows,  we  should  give  more  nourishment  to,  and  bestow 
more  care  upon,the;3rt/en<  plant  producing  the  seed,  and  not 
stimulate  the  womb  in  which  the  new  plant  is  produced.  The 
hints  in  this  paper,  and  the  speculations  of  Darwin  on  the 
smut  and  blight  of  wheat  can  be  easily  brought  to  the  test  of 
experiment.  The  instructions  about  flour-making  will  be 
found  useful  in  small  mills,  but  we  conceive  them  to  be  use- 
less in  large  establishments,  and  we  challenge  any  person  to 
produce  better  flour  than  some  made  in  New-Hampshire,  not 
four  miles  from  Connecticut  river. 

On  the  Culture  of  Indian  Corn. — The  great  difference  be- 
tween American  and  European  husbandry,  arises  from  the 
cultivation  of  Indian  corn.  The  remarks  and  hints  in  this 
paper  are  founded  on  true  philosophical  principles  ;  the  di- 
rections for  planting  this  invaluable  grain,  and  for  gathering 
seed  corn,  deserve  particular  attention.  Wood  ashes  are 
recommended  as  a  manure  for  this  grain  "  on  almost  all  soils 
and  in  all  seasons,"  The  reason  is  obvious  ;  they  afllbrd  the 
alkali  which  exists  so  abundantly  in  the  cob.  There  is  a 
method  practised  with  great  success,  which  at  the  same  time 
it  atl'ords  this  manure,  secures  the  seed  not  only  from  the 
ravages  of  the  crow.but  also  of  the  field  mouse.  A  small  quan « 
tity  of  tar  is  warmed  in  a  convenient  vessel,  and  the  corn 
introduced  and  stirred  about  nnfil  evex'y  kernel  receives  a 


"18S  IJitrary  Notices, 

slight  coating  of.  tar;  ashes  are  then  mixed  in  and  adhering 
to  every  kernel,  separate  them  one  from  the  other ;  the 
corn  is  then  prepared  for  planting.  The  germination  of  the 
seed  is  said  not  to  be  retarded  in  this  way,  and  crows  and 
mice  will  not  commit  depredations  in  fields  planted  with  corn 
thus  prepared. 

On  the  Culture  of  English  Turnips. — This  root  is  abundant- 
ly cultivated  by  English  farmers.  Its  culture  appears  to  have 
been  introduced  as  a  substitute  for  fallowing  ;  but,  if  it  be  not 
a  main  object  to  subdue  a  refractory  soil,  we  doubt  the  ex- 
pediency of  cultivating  them  as  food  for  stock.  The  feeders 
of  cows  near  large  towns  find  it  profitable  to  use  turnips  for 
their  stock.  The  quantity  of  milk  is  increased,  but  its  quality 
is  deteriorated  ;  it  is  rendered  thin  and  watery.  We  never 
could  perceive  the  benefit  of  raising  for  the  use  of  our  work- 
ing cattle,  our  dairy  cows,  and  our  beeves,  those  vegetables 
which  contain  only  forty  or  fifty  parts  of  nutriment  in  one 
thousand.  We  do  not  understand  why  plaister  is  employed 
for  a  turnip  crop,  unless  it  is  intended  to  plant  corn  after  it. — 
We  would  not  wish  to  undervalue  the  turnip  crop  in  regular 
rotation^  or  for  subduing  "  rough  pasture  land,"  but  we  are 
inclined  to  think  that  its  utility  in  the  latter  case  has  been 
overrated  by  the  writer ;  and  as  food  for  cattle,  hogs,  fowl's 
and  men,  we  feel  no  disposition  to  exchange  corn  for  turnips. 

In  closing  the  number  before  us,  we  cannot  help  express- 
ing our  satisfaction  in  its  perusal.  We  consider  it,  notwith- 
standing its  defects,  as  very  creditable  to  the  Board.  We 
hail  its  appearance  as  the  harbinger  of  prosperous  days  to  the 
agricultural  interests  of  our  State;  and  while  we  heartily  bid 
the  Board  God  speedy  we  would  remind  them  that  one  fact  is 
worth  ten  thousand  specious  speculations. 

Q. 


Jacob  B.  Moore,  ol  Concord,  has  just  published  A  Gazet- 
teer OF  THE  State  of  New-Hampshire.  By  John  Farmer 
and  Jacob  B.  Moore.  Embellished  with  an  accurate  Map 
of  the  State  and  several  other  engravings  :  By  Abel  Bowen. 
12  mo.  pp.  276.  This  work,  which  is  written  from  original 
materials,  has  engaged  the  compilers  almost  two  years,  and 
embraces  a  great  variety  of  interesting  facts,  as  will  be  seen 
from  the  following  view  of  the  subjects  : 

I,  A  general  view  of  the  State  of  New-Hampshire,  comprehending 
the  boundaries  and  area  ;  divisions ;  face  of  the  country ;  soil  and  pro- 
ductions ;  climate  :  health  and  longevity  ;  mountains;  lakes  and  rivers  : 
canals;  turnpikes  and  bridges;  geology  and  mineralogy;  government 
and  laws ;  reveuue  and  expenses  ;  militia  ;  pepulatioo  ;   ntanufactiiref 


Literary  J^otices»  18}^ 

and  commerce;  literary  institutions;  education;  ra^inpers  nnd  cus- 
toms; raliai'in ;  societies;  banks;  state-house;  penitentiary;  curios- 
ities ;  Imhans,  and  history. 

II.  A  ^neral  view  of  the  Counties,  topo^raphif^al  and  historical  s 
with  statistical  tables,  exhibiting  the  number  of  meeting-houses,  school- 
housps,  taverns,  stores,  milii',  factories,  fee.  in  each. 

III.  A  sreneral  description  of  Towns,  and  of  all  (he  mountains,  lakes, 
ponds,  rivers,  &c.,  compichending-  1.  A  concise  description  of  the  sev- 
en! Inwns  in  the  Slate,  in  relation  to  their  boundaries,  divisions,  moun- 
tains, lakes,  ponds,  &c.  2.  The  car  ly  history  of  e.^ch  town  ;  names  of 
the  first  settlers,  and  what  were  their  hardships  and  adventures  ;  instan- 
ces of  longevity,  or  of  gr/jat  mortality  ;  and  short  biographical  noti- 
ces of  the  mist  distinofiiished  and  useful  men.  3  A  concise  notice  of 
the  formation  of  the  fiist  churches  in  the  several  towns  ;  tbo  names  of 
those  who  hav;»  been  successively  ordained  as  ministers,  and  the  time 
of  their  settl'uitnt,  removal  or  death.  Also,  notices  of  permanent 
charitable  and  other  institutions,  literarj'  societies,  &c. 

There  is  pr'-fixcd  to  the  work,  an  accurate  Map  of  the 
Stale,  copied  by  permission  from  the  elegant  one  of  Mr. 
Cahrtgain,  and  containins;  al!  the  new  towns,  incorporated 
since  the  Stale  Map  was  published,  and  many  other  correc- 
tion^. There  are  ali^o  six  copper-plate  enijravings,  exhibit- 
ing vi"ws  of  Portsmouth,  Boar's  Head  and  Hampton  Beach, 
Stale  House,  Dartmouth  College,  White  Mountains,  and  a 
view  of  the  Compura'ivc  Heights  of  Mountains  in  New-Hamp- 
shire ;  and  fou'-  woodcuts,  representing  the  Notch  of  the  White 
Mountains,  Dusion's  island,  Exeter  Academy,  and  the 
Medical  College  at  Hanover. 


Medical  Premhim. — The  editor  of  the  American  Medical 
Recorder,  published  at  Philadelphia,  offers  a  premium  of 
^100,  or  a  gold  medal  of  equal  value,  for  the  best  Essay  on 
the  causes,  nature,  mode  of  treatment,  &c.  of  epidemic  fe- 
vers— which  have,  within  a  few  years,  prevailed  to  an  alarm- 
ing extent  in  different  parts  of  the  country.  The  essay  will 
be  submitted  to  the  decision  of  four  respectable  physicians; 
and  candidates  will  address  their  communications  unsigned, 
accompanied  with  a  separate  note  containing  their  address 
and  signature,  to  James  Webster,  No.  24  South-eighth-street, 
Philadelphia,  previous  to  the  15th  of  November  next. 

Ddaplaint's  Repository,  one  of  the  most  interesting  works 
of  the  country,  is  soon  to  be  recommenced.  We  hope  this 
work,  so  honorable  to  the  graphic  and  typographic  arts  of 
America,  and  to  its  literary  enterprize,  will  not  again  be  in- 
terrupted for  lack  of  patronage. 

Curious  Manuscript The   public   has   been  not  a  little 

amused  of  late  with  accounts  of  a  curious  manuscript   found 


lyO  Literary  Noticts, 

at  Detroit.  It  \v^as  determined  that  it  was  neither  Chinese, 
Arabic  or  S yriac,  nor  French,  Spanish  or  English  ;  but  what 
it  was,  no  one  could  tell.  Four  pages  being  sent  to  Gen. 
Macomb  at  Washington,  he  suV>mittecl  them  to  the  examina- 
tion of  the  professors  of  the  Georgetown  college;  who  pro- 
nounced it  to  bo  Irish.,  and  with  a  few  exceptions,  a  "  truly 
classical  work."  It  appears  to  be  a  treatise  on  some  of  the 
doctrines  of  the  Catholic  church.  The  entire  book  has 
sioce  been  forwarded  to  Georgetown  for  translation. 

There  has  lately  been  published  at  Philadelphia,  "  A  Par- 
ticular Relation  of  the  American  Baptist  Mission  to  the  Burman 
Empire.  Jn  a  series  of  Letters  addressetl  to  Joseph  Buiter- 
zvorth.,  Esq.  P.  M.  London,     By  Ann  H.  Judson. 

"The  very  interesting  account,"  says  the  Fort  Folio,  "of 
Major  Long's  Exploratory  Journey  to  the  Rocky  Mountains, 
has  appeared  in  London  in  three  volumes,  with  plates  and 
"maps." 

Late  Paris  papers  announce  that  the  American  novels. 
The  Spy  and  The  Pioneers,  have  both  been  translated  into 
French  and  published  in  Paris. 

Now  preparing  for  publication,  ancj  will  be  published  as 
soon  as  convenient,  an  edition  of  New  and  Improved  Astro- 
nomical Tables  for  calculating  the  Longitude,  Latitude, 
Right  Ascension,  Southing,  Declination,  Rising  and  Setting, 
of  the  Sun,*  Moon,  Stars  and  Planets  ;  Moon's  Changes, 
Fulls,  and  Quarters  ;  the  Aspects  and  Appulses  of  the  Moon 
and  Planets  ;  Solar  and  Lunar  Eclipses,  and  the  Transits  of 
the  Planets  Venus  and  Mercury  over  the  Sun's  disk.  The 
whole  will  be  explained  by  Examples,  and  the  reason  of 
the  rules  illustrated. — By  Dudley  Leavitt,  of  Meredith, 
N.  H.  Teacher  of  Mathematicks  and  Natural  Philosophy. 
Among  all  the  American  Authors,  some  of  whom  have  by 
their  publications,  done  honor  to  themselves  and  their 
country,  not  one  of  them  all  has  hitherto  published  any 
thing  very  satisfactory  on  Astronomy.  It  is  therefore  hoped 
that  the  above  Tables  will  prove  to  be  as  useful  to  students 
in  Practical  Astronomy,  as  the  subject  is  sublime,  interesting 
and  pleasing. 

Messrs.  Cummings,  Hilliard  &  Co.  have  ju«;t  puolished  a 
Collection  of  the  Miscellaneous  Writings  of  Professor  Fftip- 
BiE,  with  some  notices  of  his  life  and  character. 


^he  Swii  cannot  properly  be  said  to  bare  any  latitud6p 


Foreign  Literary  Jiotkes,  191 

Dr,  Worcester's  Sermons. — We  notice  with  much  pleasure 
the  appearance  of  a  vohime  of  Sermons  on  various  subjects, 
practical  and  doctrinal,  by  Samuel  Worcester,  D.  D.  late 
senior  pastor  of  tue  Tabernacle  Church  in  Salem,  Ms.  The 
work  is  elogantlj  printed,  and  this  circumstance,  together 
with  the  fame  of  its  author,  and  the  merits  of  the  bereaved 
family,  for  whose  benefit  the  work  is  published,  we  hope 
will  secure  it  an  extensive  sale. 

Waliham  ;  a  Poem,  in  three  cantos,  has  just  been  publish- 
ed in  New-York. 

^'-Justina  ;  or  the  Will — a  domestic  .f^o?T/,"  is  ju»>t  published 
-in  2  volumes  by  Wiley,  of  New-York. 

"  The  Trials  of  Margaret  Lyndsay"  an  entertaining  novel 
by  the  author  of  Lights  and  Shadows  of  Scottish  Life,  has 
been  re-published  by  Wells  &l  Lilly,  Boston. 

"  The  Ayrshire  Legatees  ;  or  the  Pringlt  Family''^ — by  the 
author  of  Annals  of  the  Parish,  &c.  has  just  appeared. 

FoREfCN. 

The  Royal  Society  of  Stockholm  has  just  given  to  the 
world  the  9th  volume  of  its  memoirs.  It  contains  interesting 
articles  on  ancient  manuscripts,  belonging  to  public  libraries 
or  those  of  private  gentlemen. 

A  new  poem  by  Lord  Byron  was  published  in  Londpn  on 
t?he  1st  of  April,  called  "  The  Age  of  Bronze.'''  . .    ' 

The  library  of  the  late  Professor  Kail,  of  Copenhagen^ 
was  purchased  by  Nestler,  bookseller,  at  HTimburgh,  for  9000 
inarcos  courant.  It  cont.iined  202  books  printed  before  the 
year  1500;  1000  folio,  4000  quarto,  8000  octavo  volumes, 
together  with  50,000  medical  dissertations,  and  188  mann- 
scripts,  relating  chiefly  to  the  history  of  Denmark. 

The  indefatigable  and  inexhaustible  writer  of  the  Waver- 
ley  Novels — now  admitted  by  all  well-informed  persons  to  be 
Sir  Walter  Srott — has  another  work  in  the  press.  The  vol- 
umes have  already  been  printed.  Nothing  of  the  nature  of 
the  plot,  or  the  time  of  the  action, — not  even  the  title,  has 
been  permitted  to  transpire.  This  secrecy  has  been  render- 
ed necessary  by  a  trick  which  was  played  in  Germany,  in 
relation  to  the  last  performance  from  the  same  pen.  It  will 
be  recollected,  that  that  work  was  unaccountably  delayed 
for  a  long  time  after  it  was  known  to  have  passed  through 
the  press.  An  ingenious  German  writer  seized  upon  the  title, 
and,  weaving  into  his  fabric  stnie  allusi«ns  to  the  naerry  an»l 


192  .Hew  Inventions,  <^c, 

profligate  reign  of  Charles,  actually  published  his  Peveril  of 
the  Peak  as  a  translation  from  the  original  work  I 

Capt.  Franklin's  Narrative  of  a  Journey  from  the  shores 
of  Hudson's  Bay  to  the  mouth  of  Cupermind  River,  and  from 
thence  in  canoes  along  the  coast  of  the  Polar  Sea  upwards 
of  five  hundred  miles,  and  the  return  of  the  Expedition  over 
land  to  Hudson's  Bay,  is  advt  rtised  in  the  late  London 
papers  for  publication  on  the  12th  of  April,  in  4to.  with  plates ; 
price  4/.  4s» 


Jlr^  l^ni^tntionn,  $ct. 


Mr.  George  Forrest,  a  gunsmith  of  Jebburg,  has  contrived 
an  improvement  for  Percussion  Locks,  which  is  extolled  for 
its  ingenuity.  The  chief  advantages  of  this  invention  are  the 
great  convenience  of  being  enabled  to  supply  as  much  prim- 
ing powder  before  setting  out  on  a  day's  sport,  as  (with  a 
double-barrelled  piece)  will  answer  for  80  discharges,  with 
scarcely  any  trouble,  other  than  merely  filling  the  magazine 
before  setting  out — perfect  security  from  accident,  by  explo- 
sion of  the  powder  in  the  magazine,  and  the  certainty  of  the 
regular  discharges  of  the  piece. 

Printing  Presses. — The  present  is  emphatically  an  "  age 
of  inventions."  Men,  choosing  rather  to  live  by  their  wits 
than  by  labor,  if  they  can  make  no  improvements  in  the  for- 
mer, have  at  least  contrived  to  diminish  the  fatigues  of  the 
latter.  It  is  but  a  few  years  since  the  pressman  groaned  at 
a  groaning  press.  All  expedition  in  his  work  must  be  the 
result  of  severer  labor — no  aid  being  found  in  the  perfection 
of  the  machine  itself.  The  improvements  of  Mr.  Ramage 
have  been  valuable  •,  and  his  presses  are  now  more  general- 
ly used  than  any  other  kind.  Since  they  came  into  use, 
many  others  have  been  invented,  some  having  higher  im.- 
provements  to  recommend  them  ;  but  generally  with  a  great- 
er liability  to  get  out  of  repair.  One  exception  we  must 
make,  in  favor  of  the  Lever  Press,  manufactured  by  Wells 
of  Hartford.  It  is  in  our  opinion  superior  to  any  other  now 
in  use,  where  human  labor  only  is  employed.  From  several 
months  use  of  them,  we  feel  assured  of  their  superiority,  both 
as  to  the  neatness  of  their  operation,  and  the  comparative 
ease  of  working  them.  The  impression  is  even  and  strong ;  the 
press  of  imperishable  materials — and  having,  we  conceive, 
very  little  tendency  to  get  out  of  order.     Lately,  the  aid  of 


Celebration  at  Portsmouth.  193 

ateam  has  been  applied  to  prinling — and  we  are  told  that  an 
ingenious  mechanic  of  New-York  has  a  steam  press  in  oper- 
ation, which  will  throw  off  1500  sheets  in  an  hour,  requiring 
only  two  hands  to  feed  it !  A  power  press,  moved  by  horses, 
is  now  in  oper;ition  at  Boston ;  and  another  is  soon  to  be 
established  in  that  city. 

Elaatic  Carriage  Scats. — Mr.  Jonathan  Nichols,  of  Provi- 
dence, R.  I.  has  obtained  a  patent  tor  improved  spring  seats, 
designed  for  coaches,  waggons,  etc.  The  invention  is  sim- 
ple, but  useful — as  it  effectually  relieves  the  rider  from  jolt- 
ing and  jarring.  In  the  small  waggons  so  generally  in  use 
in  all  parts  of  the  country,  this  improvement  would  be  highly 
beneficial. 


Settlement  of  M'C^^W^^tnptsfiivt. 

CENTENNIAL  CELEBRATION. 

The  completion  of  two  centuries  from  the  first  landing  at 
Pascataqua,  was  celebrated  at  Por;.smouth,  on  the  21st  .of 
May.  As  we  are  unable  to  give  a  better,  we  have  taken 
the  liberty  to  copy  the  following  animated  account  from  the 
*'  New-Hampshire  Republican." 

"  Heaven  seemed  to  smile  propitiously  on  the  occasion  ; 
for  the  weather  was  delightful,  and  a  bright  sun  and  clear 
sky  lent  all  their  animation  to  the  brilliant  sjiectacle,  and 
gave  additional  vivacity  to  a  scene  of  unusual  splendor  and 
festivity.  At  ten  o'clock,  a.  m.  the  citizens  and  strangers 
began  to  asseaible  at  the  South  meeting-house,  and  at  half 
past  ten,  the  procession,  arranged  bj'  Col.  Peirce,  chief  mar- 
shal of  the  day,  moved  towards  the  North  meeting-house  in 
which  the  exercises  were  performed.  The  procession  was 
escorted  by  two  Light  Infantry  companies  under  command  of 
Maj.  Blunt  of  the  "Gilman  Blues,"  whose  detachment  deserv- 
ed and  received  much  commendation  for  its  fine  appearance 
and  correct  deportment.  The  procession  was  made  up  of 
the  Mechanic  Association,  the  Masonic  fraternity,  clergy- 
men, civil  and  military  officers,  (the  latter  in  uniform)  citi- 
zens and  masters  of  schools  with  their  scholars  ;  and  from 
its  great  extent,  the  richness  and  variety  of  its  dresses  and 
decorations,  and  the  admirable  order  and  regularity  with 
which  every  thing  was  conducted,  it  was  one  of  the  mostre- 

25 


1 94  Celebration  at  Portsmouth* 

markable  ever  witnessed  in  tiiis  state.  The  North  meeting- 
house is  one  of  the  largest  in  New-England — it  contains 
about  ninety  pews  on  the  lower  floor,  and  has  two  galleries. 
This  building  was  filled  throughout  when  the  exercises  com- 
menced ;  and  presented  a  brilliant  and  imposing  spectacle. 
The  wall  pews  were  crowded  with  beauty  and  fashion, — the 
broad  aisle  was  occupied  by  the  military  escort, — the  right 
centre  being  filled  with  strangers  and  citizens,  and  the  left  by 
the  diflferent  societies  with  their  variDus  badges  and  decora- 
tions ;  the  upper  gallery  was  occupied  exclusively  by  the 
boys  who  made  part  of  the  procession.  After  an  appropri- 
ate prayer  by  President  Tyler,  an  oration  was  pronounced 
by  Nathaniel  A.  Haven,  Jr.  Esq.  of  Portsmouth.  Of  this 
periormance  it  is  sufficient  to  say  that  the  speaker  equalled 
the  expectations  of  his  friends  :  his  discourse  was  classical, 
ingenious  and  cloqucnL  j — containing  much  valuable  infor- 
mation and  indicating  a  liberal  and  cultivated  mind,  a  fine 
imagination  and  national  feelings. — After  a  beautiful  exordi- 
um, which  was  very  naturally  a  comparison  between  New- 
Hampshire  in  the  1 7th  and  19th  centuries, — Mr.  Haven  gave 
a  rapid  but  distinct  sketch  of  the  characters  of  our  forefath- 
ers, and  enumerated  the  circumstances  wherein  the  "  mer- 
chant adventurers  of  Pascataqua"  differed  from  the  Pilgrims 
of  New-Plymouth.  He  portrayed  the  character  of  John 
Mason,  the  original  proprietor  of  New-Hampshire,  and  res- 
cued him  from  the  obloquy  with  which  the  prejudice  and  in- 
justice of  his  contemporaries  had  partially  covered  him  :  the 
puritan  character  of  our  ancestors  was  next  adverted  to,  and 
their  industry,  sublime  piety  and  stern  integrity  were  elo- 
quently delineated.  The  present  character  of  the  people  of 
New-Hampshire,  as  it  is  formed  by  their  occupations,  climate 
and  localities,  and  as  it  has  been  exhibited  by  her  distin- 
guished sons  in  war,  in  science  and  literature,  was  next  the 
fruitful  topic  of  discussion :  and  the  orator  claimed  and  sub- 
stantiated for  his  native  state  a  place  among  the  first  for  pat- 
riotism and  intelligence ;  and,  in  proportion  to  its  extent,  for 
moral  and  physical  energy. 

"  The  Poem,  by  Mr.  Peabody  of  Exeter,  was  a  vigorous 
and  spirited  performance  :  that  gentleman  proved  to  the  pub- 
lic, what  his  friends  have  long  known,  that  he  possesses  fine 
talents,  and  a  knowledge  of  the  history  and  antiquities  of  the 
country  scarcely  less  rare  than  the  possession  of  such  tal- 
ents. His  poem  was  by  turns,  playful,  serious,  and  impas- 
sioned ;  he  occasionally  sported  among  the  flowers  and  scaled 
the  steeps  of  Parnassus.     Of  both  these  excellent  perform- 


Celebration  at  Portsmouth*  195 

ances,  we  shall  only  say  at  present,  that  we  join  in  the  gener- 
al wish  that  they  may  be  given  to  the  public." 

Several  appropriate  Odes  written  for  the  occasion,  were 
well  sung  by  members  of  the  Handel  Society  ot  Ports- 
mouth. 

"  After  the  exercises  were  concluded,  about  two  hundred 
gentlemen  dined  together  in  Jefferson  Hall,  which  had  been 
painted  and  put  in  order  by  the  town  in  honor  of  the  occa- 
sion, and  was  tastefully  decorated  with  flags  and  paintings.* 

"  In  the  evening  a  very  superb  ball  was  given  at  Franklin 
Hall,  in  which  it  is  supposed  there  were  present  nearly  400 


*  After  the  cloth  was  removed,  numerous  Toasts  were  given,  accompanied  with 
eeveral  patriotic  Songs,  written  for  the  occasion.  From  among  the  Toasts,  we  se- 
lect the  following  : — 

The  planting  of  "  Pascataquack,"  in  the  spring  of  1623,  and  the  rich  harvest 
It  has  yielded. 

The  heroes  of  Lotiisbourg — An  earnest  of  New-Hampshire  prowess. 

"  Major  Sallivmn  and  Capt.  Langdon' — Our  delegates  to  Congress  in  '75,  who 
supplied  Bunker  hill  with  powder  from  his  Majesty's  fort  at  Pascataquack. 

2'/ie  J^ew- Hampshire  Regiment  in  '77  and  '78 — Bennington,  Stillwater  and  Sara- 
toga ;  GiTiniutown  and  Monmouth. 

Our  civil  and  religious  institutions — Monuments  erected  to  tbe  memory  of  our 
ancestors  by  t'leir  own  hands. 

The  first  settlers  of  JVew-England — May  we  think  of  jume  of  their  faults  until 
we  have  practised  all  their  virtues. 

The  cause  of  '76  all  over  the  world — may  it  have  the  spirit  of  '76  to  defend  it. 

VOLUNTEERS. 

Hon.  D.  Webster,  being  called  upon  for  a  toast,  remarked,  that  although  not 
at  home,  he  hoped  he  should  not  be  considered  entirely  as  a  stranger  ;  he  reminded 
the  company — of  what  none  had  forgotten— that  he  was  a  native  of  JS'ew-Hamp- 
shire  ;  he  briefly  but  eloquently  remaAed  that  this  was  the  land  of  his  birth, — of 
h>s  education  and  of  his  dearest  associations;  the  j^l'usures  of  the  day  were  not  a 
little  heightened  by  the  consciousness  that  those  were  present  who  directed  his 
studies  in  youth,  and  assisted  him  with  ilieir  cDunsel  in  uidiihood  :  he  said  he  could 
not  better  express  liis  feelings  than  by  the  words  of  the  Poet : 

JVew-Hampshire.  ' 

"  Where'er  I  i-oani,  whatever  realms  I  see. 
My  heart  untravell'd  fondly  turns  to  thee." 

Hon.  Judge  Stort  remarked,  that  although  not  a  native  of  this  state,  he  was  yet 
a  citizen  of  New-England;  and  he  adverted  to  those  circumstances  which  did 
excite  and  which  ought  to  excite  throughout  New-England  a  similarity  of  feeling 
and  sentiment,  as  they  produced  a  unity  of  interest.  He  then  called  the  attention 
of  his  auditors  to  that  country  from  which  New-England  was  settled,  and  gave, 

England — The  land  of  our  forefathers,  and  the  land  of  their  descendants, — 
May  it  ever  enjoy  with  us,  a  common  learning,  a  common  religion,  and  a  common 
liberty. 

BytheRev.  Mr.  Palfrey  of  Boston.  The  two  Mny  flowers, — the  one  which 
bore  the  Pilgrims  to  New-England,  and  the  other  the  strawberry  blossom,  which 
met  the  first  settlers  of  New-Hampshire  on  the  banks  of  the  Pascataqua. 

By  Rev.  Mr.  Bdrrouchs  of  Portsmouth.  Dr.  Belknap, — the  historian  of  New- 
Hampshire. 

By  the  Hon.  John  F.  Parrott,  president  of  the  day.  The  manners  and  prin- 
ciples of  the  first  settlers  of  New-Hampshire  :  Bold  in  enterprise — persevering  in  ac- 
tion—  intrepid  in  danger — patient  in  adversity  :  May  a  double  portion  of  their 
spirit  rest  on  their  descendants,  to  the  thousandth  generation. 

By  Edward  Cptts,  Jr.  Esq.  The  Fisftericj,  and  JOHN Q.UmUY ADAMS, 
their  modern  defend«r. 


196  Celebration  at  Portsmouth* 

ladies  and  gcntlrmen.  The  walls  of  the  room  were  entirely 
covered  with  portraits  of  cminmt  pei'sons  who  flourished 
in  this  state  before  'be  revolution, — the  Weni worths,  Jaf- 
froys,  Warners,  Sparhr.wks  and  Atkinsons  of  old  times.  Af- 
ter spending  the  evening  in  innocent  gaiety,the  company  sep- 
arated at  a  reasonable  hour;  every  one  pleased  with  the 
transactions  of  the  day. — The  most  perfect  order  and  good 
conduct  were  manifest  in  every  particular. — there  was  no 
confusion  and  no  disappointment :  the  sentiment  was  univer- 
sal, that  every  thins;  which  could  have  been  done,  was  done,  and 
every  thing  that  was  dune,  was  well  done,'''' 

Among  the  portraits  of  distinguished  persons  exhibited 
on  the  occasion,  were  those  of — 

John  Wfntworth,  son  of  Samuel  Wentworth  and  grandson 
of  Elder  William  Wentworth,  noticed  in  the  4ih  No.  of  the 
Collections,  page  117.  He  was  a  native  of  Portsmouth,  and 
was  born  January  16, 1671.  He  was  a  counsellor  from  1712 
to  1717,  and  lieutenant  governor  from  1717  to  his  death, 
December  12,  1730.  Of  his  sixteen  children,  fourteen  sur- 
vived him. 

Benning  Wentworth,  son  of  the  preceding,  graduated  at 
Harvard  college  in  1715,  and  afterwards  went  to  England 
and  Spain,  where  he  remained  several  years.  He  was  ap- 
pointed counsellor  in  1734,  and  was  governor  from  1741  to 
1767,  when  he  was  superseded  by  his  nephew,  John  Went- 
worth.    He  died  Oct.  14,  1770,  in  his  75th  year. 

John  Wentworth,  son  of  governor  Wentworth. 

Lady  Frances  Wentworth,  wife  of  governor  John  Went- 
worth. Her  name  before  marriage  was  Frances  Deering, 
and  from  her,  the  towns  of  Francestown  and  Deering  in 
Hillsborough  county  were  named.  Her  first  husband  w&s 
Theodore  Atkinson,  jr.,  whose  widow  she  remained  about  a 
fortnight.  She  then  became  the  wife  of-  governor  Went- 
worth. 

Theodore  Atkinson,  son  of  Hon.  Theodore  Atkinson,  of 
New-Castle,  where  he  was  born  Dec.  20,  1697.  He  gradu- 
ated at  Harvard  college  in  1 71 8  ;  was  a  counsellor  in  1 734  ; 
subsequently  a  judge  of  the  superior  court  and  secretary  of 
the  province.  He  died  Sept.  22,1779,  aired  82.  He  is 
painted  with  a  roll  in  his  hand  with  the  inscription,  "Expen- 
ses of  Government." 

Theodore  Atkinson,  jr.,  son  of  the  preceding,  graduated 
at  Harvard  college  in  1734;  was  a  counsellor  and  secretary  ; 
died  in  1769. 

Richard  Waldron,  son  of  Capt.  Richard  Waldron   and 


Celebration  at  Portsmouth.  197 

grandson  of  Major  Richard  Waldron,  who  was  killed  by 
the  Indians  at  Dover  in  1689.  His  mother  was  Eleanor 
Vaughan,  daughter  of"  Maj.  William  Vaughan.  He  was 
born  Feb.  21,  1694  ;  was  graduated  at  Harvard  college  in 
1712.  He  was  a  counsellor  from  1728  for  many  years,  and 
secretary  of  the  province  to  ahout  the  time  of  his  death  in 
1753.  His  right  hand  is  on  the  motto,  ^'' Salus  pupxdi  suprc' 
vna  /ex." 

Thomas  Westbrooke  Waldron,  son  of  the  preceding, 
was  a  capt  »in  in  the  expedition  against  Louisbourg — after- 
ward a  commissioner  at  Albany — a  counsellor  in  1782,  and 
died  in  17R5. 

George  Jaffrey,  counsellor  from  1702,  to  his  death  in  1706. 

George  Jaffrey,  son  of  'he  preceding,  graduated  at  Har- 
vaid  college  in  1702;  appointed  a  counsellor  in  1716.  He 
was  also  treasurer  of  the  province  ;  died  in  1749. 

George  Jaffrey,  graduated  at  Harvard  college  in  1736  ; 
was  counsellor  in  1766;  w^as  also  treasurer.  He  died  in 
17 — 

Benjamin  Gambling,  judge  of  probate  and  counsellor  from 
1734.  He  was  born  in  1681  ;  married  a  daughter  of  Sam- 
uel Pcnhallow,  well  known  as  the  author  of  the  History  of 
the  Wars  with  the  Eastern  Indians;  graduated  at  Harvard 
college  in  1702;  died  1737. 

Richard  Wibird,  son  of  Richard  Wibird,  of  Portsmouth, 
was  born  July  7,1702;  graduated  at  Harvard  college  in 
1722.  He  was  appointed  collector  of  customs  for  the  port 
of  Portsmouth  in  1730,  and  counsellor  in  1739,  He  died 
1765.  aged  63. 

Thomas  Wibird,  brother  of  the  preceding,  was  born  at 
Portsmouth,  Oct.  1,  1707;  graduated  at  Harvard  college  in 
1728.  The  father  of  these  brothers  was  counsellor  from 
1716,  and  died  in  1732. 

Col.  William  Pepperell,  who  came  from  England  during 
the  reign  of  William  and  Mary.  He  lived  many  years  at 
the  Isles  of  Shoals ;  afterwards  removed  to  Kittery  Point, 
where  he  became  an  eminent  merchant.  He  died  Feb. 
15,1734. 

Sir  William  Pepperell,  Bart,  son  of  the  preceding,  was 
born  at  the  Isles  of  Shoals  ;  he  was  commander  of  the  ex- 
pedition against  Louisbourg,  and  for  his  services  in  that  en- 
terprize,  the  k'ng  conferred  upon  him  the  dignity  of  a  bar- 
onet, the  first  honor  of  the  kind  conferred  upon  a  native  of 
New-England.  ,  He  was  a  counsellor  of  Mass.  32  years. 
He  died  at  Kittery,  July  6,  1759,  aged  63. 

There  were  also  portraits  of  fhp   mother  of  Sir  William 


198  Celebration  at  Portsmouth. 

and  two  sisters,  one  of  whom  was  Mrs.   Newmarch,  wife  of 
the  Hon.  John  Newmarch. 

Hon.  Henry  Sherburne,  a  counsellor  and  chief  justice  of 
the  province  from  1735  to  1744. 

Nathaniel  Sparhaavk,  a  counsellor  of  Massachusetts,  a 
colonel  of  the  militia,  and  an  eminent  merchant.  He  was 
brother  of  Rev.  John  Sparhawk,  the  respected  minister  of 
the  first  church  in  Salem  from  Dec.  6,  1736,  to  the  30th  of 
April  1755,  the  time  of  his  death.  Col.  Sparhawk  married 
the  only  daughter  of  Sir  William  Pepperell,  and  died  at 
Kittery  in  1776. 

Hon.  James  Pitts  of  Boston,  who  graduated  at  Harvard 
college  in  1731  ;  was  many  years  a  counsellor  of  Massa- 
chusetts and  died  after  the  commencement  of  the  revolution. 
He  was  father  to  the  late  Hon.  John  Pitts,  of  Tyngsbor- 
ough,  and  Samuel  Pitts,  Esq.,  of  Chelmsford. 

Col.  John  Moffatt,  a  merchant  of  Portsmouth  about 
1 740  ;  his  wife  and  a  Miss  Moffatt. 

Rev.  John  Emerson,  minister  of  iHew-Castle,  1 703  ;  of 
Portsmouth,  1715  ;  died  June  21,  1732.  See  our  Collections^ 
page  126,  of  the  present  volume. 

Madam  Emerson,  wife  of  the  preceding. 

Rev.  Nathaniel  Rogers,  (painted  1623)  son  of  Rev.  John 
Rogers  of  Dedham,  in  England,  who  died  Oct.  18,  1639, 
aged  67.  The  latter  Avas  a  grandson  of  Rev.  John  Rogers, 
prebendary  of  St.  Paul's,  Vicar  of  St.  Sepulchre,  and  Read- 
er of  Divinity,  who  was  burnt  at  Smithfield,  Feb.  14,  1555. 
Mr.  Rogers  came  to  New-England  in  Nov.  1636  ;  settled  in 
Ipswich,  Mass.  1639  ;  died  July  2,  1655,  aged  57. 

Rev.  Samuel  Haven,  D.  D.  who  graduated  at  Harvard 
college  in  1749;  ordained  minister  of  the  2d  church  in 
Portsmouth,  May  6,  1752  ;  died  March  3,  1806,  aged  79. 

Madam  Montgomery.  (Painted  in  Scotland  in  1555.)  One 
of  her  descendants  came  to  New-England  and  settled  in 
Portsmouth  in  1720. 

We  were  not  aware,  until  we  saw  this  delightful  exhibi- 
tion,that  so  great  a  number  of  good  paintings  could  be  found 
in  the  state.  We  had  thought  there  prevailed  a  degree  of 
apathy  respecting  men  and  things  of  the  past,  that  could 
leave  even  the  scanty  memorials  yet  found  to  moulder  and 
perish.  Having  repeatedly  experienced  regret  in  witness- 
ing the  destruction  of  fine  paintings,  and  of  valuable  papers  ; 
we  knew  not  that  the  same  carelessness  was  not  general. 
We  were  happily  disappointed.  And  have  now  some  doubts 
whether  our  sister  states  can  present  a  richer  collection  of 
portraits  than  was  exhibited  on  this  occasion. 


(  199) 


BILL  OF  MORTALITY  IN  DEERFIELD  FOR  20  TEARS. 

[Communicated  by  JiTathaniel  Weave,  Esq.] 


Years.  ]Jan\t'tb\J^lar 

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4 

2 

2 

1 

1 

2 

5 

3 

24 

1815'>= 

'2 

(1 

4 

6 

3 

2 

2 

1 

2 

7 

5 

55 

'.tlG 

3 

5 

2 

2 

1 

2 

2 

3 

2 

4 

5 

31 

1817 

1 

1 

2 

1 

2 

3 

1 

1 

1 

13 

1818 

£ 

i 

3 

3 

2 

1 

4 

1 

1 

1 

19 

18!9 

4 

2 

1    4 

2 

7 

1 

2 

2 

2 

27 

1820 

2 

5 

3 

2 

l'  1 

1 

3 

1 

1 

20 

is-si 

1 

3 

1 

1 

5 

1  1 

1 

1 

14 

Tnt,'.l, 

139  158  |42 

35 

26   126  |16|37 

42 

44  |40 

|24 

[429 

Deaths  uoder  1  month  old 
1  rao.  and  under  1  jr.  old 
1  year  nnd  under  10 


10  and  under 
20  and  under 
36  :ind  under 
40  and  under 
50  and  under 
60  and  under 
70  and  under 
80  and  under 
90  and  under 


20 
30 
40 
50 
60 
70 
80 
90 
100 


100  jrrs.  4  months  25  days 


53 

24 
87 
20 
41 
22 
20 
24 
42 
39 
28 
11 
1 


Ages  not  ascertained 


17 


429 
Deaths  in  1802  14 

Total  No.  443, 

the  mean  number  being  22  annu- 
ally. The  amount  of  the  ages  of 
the  deceased,  as  nearly  as  could 
be  ascertained,  is  13,626  years  (^ 
7  months,  which  will  be  30  years 
and  9  months,  nearly,  as  an  av- 
erage age.  N.  B.  Those  who  sur- 
vived but  a  lew  hours  are  not  in- 
cluded in  the  average  age. 

*It  will  be  perceived  that  the  greatest  number  of  deaths  in  any  one 
year  was  in  1815  ,•  in  this  year  the  spotted  fever  was  prevalent  in  this 
town  and  proved  very  mortal ;  the  persons  who  were  attacked  there- 
with commonly  died  in  three  days;  and  so  alarming  was  the  distemper 
that  the  deceased  were  conveyed  to  the  grave  as  soon  as  possible  and 
frequently  buried  in  the  night  with  but  very  few  attendants^ 

N.  R.  Exclosive  of  the  foregoing,  13  deaths  have  taken  place  thin 
year,  1822. 


200  Mortality  in  Warner,  ire. 

BILL  OF  MORTALITY  FOR  WARNER,  N.  H. 

For  six  years  commencing  Jan,  1,  1817. 


\Year 

Jan 

Feb\Mar 

\Apr\May\Jun 

\JuMng\Sep\Oct\J^m 

)\Dec\Tl.\ 

1817 

3 

8 

6 

4 

3 

1 

2 

0 

3 

4 

2 

5 

41 

1818 

0 

3 

1 

3 

1 

2 

2 

3 

1 

2 

1 

1 

20 

1819 

2 

2 

0 

1 

1 

4 

1 

3 

2 

2 

0 

3 

21 

1820 

5 

8 

2 

0 

1 

0 

4 

1 

4 

3 

1 

2 

31 

1821 

5 

0 

2 

2 

1 

1 

0 

2 

6 

3 

2 

1 

25 

u;22 

1 

3 

7 

10 

6 

4 

0 

1 

3 

4 

1 

1 

41 

|Tot'1116  124  118  120  |13     |12  1   9  |10   |19  |19  |   7  ll3   |179j 

Diseases. — Fevers,  15;  Dysentery,  11;  Measles,  9;  old 
age,  7* ;  Consumption,  43 ;  Casualties,  8 ;  Infantile,  34  ;  va- 
rious other  causes,  53. 

Ages  under  16  years,  85 

Of  1 6  years  and  over,  94 

Total,  179 

In  1818  there  were  but  11  died  over  16  years  of  age,  19  of  whom  died  of  con- 
sumption — the  other  of  lung  fever. 


*  One  was  96  years  old. 


Messrs.  Editors, — The  following  are  facts  which  you  may 
insert,  if  you  please,  in  your  historical  numbers.  As  a  proof 
of  the  salubrity  of  the  climate  of  New-Hampshire,!  state  that 
on  the  first  day  ofJanuary,1823,to  my  knowledge  there  were 
living  in  this  town  60  persons  between  the  ages  of  70  and  95 
— two  totally  blind,  with  sound  intellect ;  one  with  total  loss 
of  sense — the  residue  enjoying  comfortable  health,  and  many- 
capable  of  labor  and  business.  The  oldest,  William  Burrows, 
96  years  of  age,  perfect  in  sight  and  hearing,  writing  a  fair 
hand,  and  walking  with  the  strength  of  60,  relating  with  ac- 
curacy his  former  life.  He  was  a  patriot  of  '75,and  now  re- 
ceives a  pension  as  a  reward  ior  his  services.  I  shall  collect 
some  anecdotes  of  the  first  settlors  here,  and  some  respecting 
the  revolutionary  war,  which  I  will  forward  in  due  time. — 
Also  the  number  of  deaths  for  40  years  past,  and  the  dis- 
eases. In  haste,  yours,  Sic, 

B.  CHAMPNEY. 

N&w-Jpstoich,  April  30,  1823. 


JULY,  1823. 


MAJOR  GENERAL  JOHN  SULLIVAN, 

[0:^  We  have  read  with  much  satisfaction  the  "•  Militari/ 
JournaP  of  Dr.  Thacher,  just  pubhshed  at  Boston.  Though 
most  of  the  events  he  notices  have  been  before  related  by 
diiTerent  authors,  he  has  added  some  useful  facts  ;  and  many 
inteiesling  observations  of  his  own  upon  the  great  events  ot 
that  period,  to  which  with  the  subhraest  fechngs  we  revert^ 
when  the  public  virtue  of  our  country  is  called  in  question, 
or  whenever  it  becomes  necessary  to  defend  the  principles 
of  our  government.  Dr.  Thacher  presents  us  with  several 
interesting  biographical  sketches.  That  of  Maj.  Gen.  Sul- 
livan, as  we  have  some  additional  facts  respecting  him,  and 
some  of  his  original  papers,  reinsert  in  the  present  num 
Ler  of  the  Collections.] 

"General  Sullivan  has  a  claim  to  honorable  distinrtioj. 
among  the  general  officers  of  the  American  army.  Before  the 
revolution  he  had  attained  to  eminence  in  the  profession  of  the 
law,  in  New-Hampshire.  But  indulging  a  laudable  ambi- 
tion for  military  glory,he  relinquished  the  fairest  prospects  of 
fortune  and  fame,  and  on  the  commencement  of  hostilities, 
appeared  among  the  most  ardent  patriots  and  intrepid  war- 
riors. He  was  a  member  of  the  hrst  Congress,  in  1774; 
but  preferring  a  military  conimission,  he  was,  in  1775,  ap- 
pointed a  brigadier  general  of  the  American  army  then  at 
Cambridge,  and  soon  obtained  the  command  on \\  inter  Hill. 
Tho  next  year  he  was  ordered  to  Canada,  and  on  the  death 
of  General  Thomas,  the  command  of  the  army  devolved  on 
him.  The  situation  of  our  arniy  in  that  quarter,  was  inex- 
pressibly distressing;  destitute  of  clothing, dispirited  ly  de- 
Icat  and  constant  fatigue,  anrl  a  large  pioportionof  the  tioops' 
20 


202  Memoir  of  General  Sullivaiu 

sick  with  the  small  pox,  which  was  attended  by  an  unpre- 
cedented mortality.  By  his  great  exertions  and  judicious 
management,  he  meliorated  the  condition  of  the  army,  and 
obtained  general  applause.  On  his  retiring  from  that  com- 
mand, July  12,  1776,  the  field  officers  thus  addressed  hirn^ 
"  It  is  to  you,  Sir,  the  public  are  indebted  for  the  preserva- 
tion of  their  property  in  Canada.  I.  is  to" you  we  owe  our 
safety  thus  far.  Your  humanity  will  call  forth  the  silent  tear 
and  the  grat(>ful  ejaculation  of  the  sick.-  Your  universal 
impartiality,  Kill  force  the  applause  of  the  wearied  soldier.'^ 
In  August,  177G,  he  was  promoted  to  the  rank  of  major  gen- 
eral, and  soon  after  was,  with  major  general  Lord  Sterling, 
captured  by  the  British  in  the  battle  on  Long  Island.  Gen- 
eral  Sullivan  being  parole<l,  was  sent  by  General  Hov  e 
with  a  m^^ssage  to  Congress,  after  which  he  returned  to  New- 
York.  In  September,  he  was  exchanged  for  Major  General 
Prescott,  We  next  find  him  in  command  of  the  right  divis- 
ion of  our  troops,  in  the  famous  battle  at  Tienton,  and  he  ac- 
quitted himself  honorably  on  that  ever  n.emorable  day. 

"In  August,  1777,  without  the  authority  of  Congress,  or 
the  Commander  in  Chief,  he  planned  and  executed  an  expe- 
dition against  the  enemy  on  Staten  Island.  Though  the  en- 
terprizc  was  conducted  with  prudence  and  success  in  part,  it 
was  said  by  some  to  be  less  brilliant  than  might  have  been 
expected,  under  his  favorable  circumstances ;  and  as  that 
act  was  deemed  a  bold  assumption  of  responsibility,  and  re- 
ports to  his  prejudice  being  in  circulation,  a  court  of  inquiry 
was  ordered  to  investigate  his  conduct.  The  result  was  an 
honorable  acquittal,  and  Congress  resolved  that  the  result 
so  honorable  to  General  Sullivan  is  highly  pleasing  to  Con- 
gress, and  that  the  opinion  of  the  court  be  published,  in  jus- 
tification of  that  injured  officer.  In  the  battles  of  Brandy- 
wine  and  at  Germantown,  in  the  autumn  of  1777,  General 
Sullivan  commanded  a  division,  and  in  the  latter  conflict  his 
two  aids  were  killed,  and  his  own  conduct  so  conspicuously 
brave,  that  GeneralWashington,  in  his  letter  to  Congress, 
concludes  with  encomiums  on  tlie  gallantry  of  General  Sulli- 
van, and  the  whole  right  wing  of  the  army,  who  acted  imme- 
diately under  the  eye  of  his  Excellency.  In  August,  1778, 
General  Sullivan  was  sole  commander  of  an  expedition  to  the 
island  of  Newport,  in  co-operation  with  the  F'rench  fleet  un- 
der the  Count  D'Estaing.  The  Marquis  de  la-  Fayette  and 
General  Greene  volunteered  their  services  on  the  occasion. 
The  object  of  the  expedition  was  defeated,  in  consequence 
of  the  French  fleet  being  driven  oftMiy  a  violent  storm.  By 
jthis  unfortunate  event,the  enemy  were  encouraged  to  engage 


Memoir  of  General  Sullivan.  2CHJ 

on"  army  in  battle,  in  which  they  suffered  a  repulse,  and 
Gerjcral  Sullivan  finally  cHocted  a  safe  retreat  to  the  main. 
I'his  retreat,  so  ably  executed  without  confusion,  or  the  loss 
of  baggage  or  stores,  iwcn-ascd  the  military  reputalion  ot 
General  bullivan,  and  redounds  to  liis  honor  as  a  skilful 
commander. 

'•' 'i'hc  bloody  tragedy,  acted  at  Wyoming,  in  1778, had  de- 
termined the  Commander  in  C-'hief,  in  1779,  to  emplo}'' a 
larg?  detachment  from  the  continental  army  to  penetrate  in- 
to the  heart  of  the  Indian  country,  to  chastize  the  hostile 
tribes  and  their  white  as'^ociates  and  adhereots,  for  their  cru- 
el aggressions  on  the  defenceless  inhabitants.  The  command 
of  this  expedition  was  committed  to  iVh\jor  General  oullivan, 
with  express  orders  to  destroy  their  settlements,  to  ruin  the  ir 
crops,  and  make  such  thorough  devastations,  as  to  render 
thecountr}^  entirely  uninhabitable  for  the  present,  and  thus 
to  compel  tiie  savages  to  remove  to  a  greater  distance  from 
our  frontiers.  General  Sullivan  had  under  his  command 
several  brigadiers  and  a  well  chosen  army,  to  "\vhich  were 
attached  a  number  of  friendly  Indian  warriors.  With  this 
force  he  penetrated  about  ninety  miles  through  a  horrid 
swampy  wilderness  and  barren  mountainous  deserts,to  Wyo- 
ming, on  the  Susquehanna  river,  thence  by  water  to  Tioga, 
and  possessed  himself  of  numerous  towns  and  villages  of  the 
savages.  During  this  hazardous  expedition.  General  Sullivan 
and  his  army  encountered  the  most  complicated  obstacles. 
requiring  the  greatest  fortitude  and  perseverance  to  surmount. 
Jle  explored  an  extensive  tract  of  country,  aad  strictly  exe- 
cuted the  severe,  but  necessary  orders  he  had  received.  A 
considerable  number  of  Indi.i.is  were  slain,  some  were  cap- 
tured, their  habitations  vrere  burnt,  and  their  p;iantations  of 
corn  and  vegetables  laid  waate  in  the  most  effectual  manner. 
*'  Eighteen  villages,  a  number  of  detached  buildings,  one  hun- 
dred and  sixty  thousand  bushels  of  corn,  and  those  fruits 
and  vegetables,  which  conduce  to  the  comfort  and  subsist- 
ence of  man,  were  utterly  destroyed.  Five  weeks  were  un- 
remittingly emploj^ed  in  this  work  of  devastation."  On  his 
return  Irom  the  expedition,  he  and  his  army  received  the 
approbation  of  Congress.  It  is  remarked  on  this  expedition, 
by  the  translator  of  M.  Chastelicux's  travels,  an  English- 
man then  resident  in  the  United  States,  that  the  instructions 
given  by  General  Sullivan  to  his  officers,  the  order  of  march 
he  prescribed  to  his  troops,  and  the  discipline  he  had  the 
ability  to  maintain,  would  have  done  honor  to  the  most  ex- 
perienced ancient  or  modern  generals.  At  the  close  of  the 
campaign  of  1779,  General  Sullivan,  in  consequence  of  ini- 


204  yote  ly  the  Editor?'. 

paired  health,  resigned  his  commission  in  the  army»  Con- 
gress, in  accepting  of  his  resignation,  passed  a  resolve,  thank- 
ing him  for  his  past  services.  His  military  talents  and  bold 
B\)'\n\.  of  enterprize  were  universally  acknowledged.  He 
was  fond  of  display,  and  his  personal  appearance  and  digni- 
fied deportment  commanded  respect.  After  his  resignation, 
he  resumed  his  professional  pursuits  at  the  bar,  and  was 
much  distinguished  as  a  statesman,  politician  and  patriot. 
He  acquired  very  considerable  proficiency  in  general  litera- 
ture, and  an  extensive  knowledge  of  men  and  the  world.  He 
received  from  Harvard  University,  a  degree  of  Master  of 
Avts,  and  from  the  University  of  Dartmouth,  a  degree  of 
Doctor  of  Laws.  He  was  one  of  the  Convention  who  form- 
ed the  State  Constitution  for  New-Hampshire,  was  chosen 
into  the  first  council,  and  was  afterwards  elected  chief  magis- 
trate in  that  State,  and  held  the  office  for  three  years.  In 
September,  1789,  he  was  appomted  Judge  of  the  District 
Court,  for  the  District  of  New-Hampshire,  and  continued  in 
the  office  until  his  death,  in  1795." 
0 

NOTE  BY  THE  EDITORS, 

To  the  foregoing  brief  memoir  of  one  of  our  first  revolu- 
tionary worthies,  we  should  feel  happy  to  add  more  partic- 
ular notices  of  his  life  and  character.  The  world  may  al- 
ready know  his  unquestionable  merits  as  a  commander,  and 
a  polirician  ;  but  it  is  not  in  public  life  alone  that  the  bright- 
est examples  of  virtue  are  exhibited.  It  is  yet  in  the  power 
of  a  distinguished  relative  of  the  deceased  General  to  give  a 
connected  history  of  his  life — and  to  exhibit  him  to  the  world 
in  the  various  attitudes  of  private  worth.  We  trust  the  task 
will  ere  long  be  accomplished. 

The  following  letter,  written  by  a  loyalist  of  Portsmouth, 
who  had  taken  refuge  in  Canada  at  the  commencement  of 
the  struggle,  betrays  one  among  the  numerous  attempts 
made  to  influence  the  American  commanders,  by  threats 
and  promises.  They  were,  however,  too  ardent  to  doubt 
of  the-r  success ;  and  even  had  they  doubled,  no  Sullivan, 
Langdon,  Stark,  or  Scammel,  would  have  abandoned  for 
any  earthly  reward  the  cause  of  their  suffering  country. 

Letter  '"''from  Mr.  Livius  to  Gen.  Sullivan.'*^ 
Sir — 1  have  lorig  desired  lo  write    my  mind  to  you,   on  a 
matter  of  the  very  greatest  importance  to  you  5  but  the  un- 


Letter  from  Mr,  Livius  to  Gen.  Sullivan,  206 

bappy  situation  of  thing.s  has  rendered  all  intercourse  vcrjr 
diiiicult,  ajui  l)as  prtvenled  me.     I  now  find  a  man  is  to   be 
sent  for  a  very  dillfrent  put  pose  tojidu  By  him  1  shall  con- 
trive to  get  this  letter  to  you,  a  person  having  undertaken  to 
put  it  in  the  piaie  of  that  wliich  was  design*  d  to  be  carried 
to  you.     You  know  me  very  well,  and  are    acquainted  witij 
many  circumstances  of  ni_y  life,  and  have  scon  me  in   very 
trying  situations, that  might  perhajxs  have  been  some  excuse^ 
yet  1  am  sure  you  never  knew    me  guihy  of  -any    ungentle- 
manly  action.     I  remind   you  of  thi>,  tliai  you   may   safely 
trust  what  I  say  to  you,  as  eoming  from    a   person    who    has 
never  trilled  with  any  man.      V'ou  know  better  than  1  do  the 
situation  of  your  Congress,  and  the  confusion  thire  is  among 
yon,  and  the  ruin  that  impends ;  you  have  felt  liow  unequal 
the  forces  of  your  own  people  are  to  withstand  the  power  of 
Great-Britain  ;  and  for  foreign  assistance,  1  nerd  not  tell  jo\i. 
how  precarious  and  deceitful  it  must  be,     France  and  Spain 
know  they  cannot  emi)ark  in  your  quarrel,  w  ithout  the  great- 
est danger  of  Great-Britain    turning   suddenly   against   and 
taking  possession  of  their  colonies,  with  so  great  a  force  al^ 
ready  collected  and  in  America  ;  besides  their  fears  of  rais- 
ing views  of  independence  in  their  own  colonies,    to   which 
tliey  are  much  disposed.     But  why  should  I  enlarge  on  thi» 
subject?  I  am  sure  you  know  the  futility  of  all  hopes  of  ef- 
fectual foreign  assistance,  and  that  these   hopes   have   been 
thrown  out  only  to  keep  u{)  the  spirits  of  the  deluded  com* 
mon  people.  You  therefore  will  not  suiicr  yourself  to  be  de- 
luded by  them    The  most  you  can  expect  from  foreigners  is, 
that  they  vill   help   at   the   expense  of  your  countrymen's 
blood  and  happiness,  to  keep  up  a  dispute  that  will  ruin  you, 
and  distress  Great  Britain.     It  is  not  the  interest  of  France 
and  Spain  that  America  should  be   independent ;  but   if  it 
were  possible  you   could  entertain  any  thoughts  that  the 
hopes  of  effectual  foreign  assistance   were   well   grounded, 
you  cannot  but  know  that  such  assistance  must  now   arrive 
too  late  :  the  last  campaign  was  almost  consumed  before  th? 
English  army  could  get  collected  and  in  a  p  )sition  to  act  in 
America;  but  now  the  campaign  is  just  opening,  the  whole 
army  ii.  the  greatest  health  and  spirits,  plentifully  provided 
with  every  thing,  most  earnest  in  the  cause,  I  do  assure  you, 
well  acquainted  with  the  country,  and  placed   so   as   to   act 
briskly  with  the  greatest  efficacy.  A  few   months  will  there- 
fore probably  decide  the  contnst;  you   must  either  fight  or 
fly  ;  and  in  either  case,  ruin  seems  inevitable,      you  were  th» 
first  man  in   active  rebtllion,  and    drew  with  3'ou  the   provi 
ince  you  live  in.    What  hope,  what  expectation  can  yoi\ 


206       '        Letter  from  Mr.  Livius  to  Gen.  Sullivan. 

have  ?  You  will  be  one  of  the  first  sacrifices  to  the  resent» 
inent  and  justice  of  government,  your  family  will  be  ruined, 
and  you  must  die  with  ignominy;  or  if  you  should  be  so 
happy  as  to  escape,  you  will  drag  along  a  tedious  life  of 
poverty,misery  and  continual  apprehension  in  a  foreign  land. 
Now,  Sullivan,  1  have  a  method  to  propose  to  you,  if  you 
have  resolution  and  courage,  that  will  save  you  and  your 
family  and  estate  from  this  imminent  destruction ;  it  is  in 
plain  English  to  tread  back  the  steps  you  have  already 
taken,  and  to  do  some  real  essential  service  to  your  king 
and  country,in  assistmg  to  re-establish  public  tranquillity  ana 
lawful  government.  You  know  I  will  not  deceive  you.  Ev- 
ery one  who  will  exert  himself  for  government  will  be  re- 
warded, and  I  do  assure  you  firmly  upon  my  honor  that  I 
am  empowered  to  engage  particularly  with  you,  that  it  shall 
be  the  case  with  you,  if  you  will  sincerely  endeavor  to  de- 
serve your  pardon.  It  is  not  desired  of  you  to  declare  your- 
self immediately,  nor  indeed  to  declare  yourself  at  all,  until 
you  can  dispose  matters  so  as  to  bring  the  province  with  you; 
in  order  to  which  you  should  as  much  as  possible,  under  dif- 
ferent pretences,  contrive  to  send  every  man  out  of  the  prov- 
ince  from  whom  you  apprehend  difficulty,  and  to  keep  at 
home  all  those  who  are  friendly  to  government  or  desirous 
of  peace.  In  the  mean  while  endeavor  to  give  me  all  the 
material  intelligence  you  can  collect  (and  you  can  get  the 
best)  or  if  you  find  it  more  convenient,  you  can  convey  it  to 
General  Burgoyne,  and  by  your  using  my  name  he  will  know 
whom  it  comes  from  without  your  mentioning  your  own 
name  ;  and  as  soon  as  you  find  you  can  do  it  with  cfllcacy 
and  success,  declare  yourself,  and  you  will  find  assistance 
you  very  little  expect  in  restoring  the  province  to  lawful 
government.  If  you  do  not  choose  to  undertake  this,  another 
will,  and  if  you  continue  obstinate  on  the  ground  you  are 
now  on,  you  may  depend  upon  it,  you  will  find  it  suddenly 
fail,  and  burst  under  you  like  the  springing  of  a  mine.  What 
I  recommend  to  you  is  not  only  prudent,  safe,  and  necessa- 
ry ;  it  is  right,  it  is  honorable.  Ihatjou  early  embarked  iu 
the  cause  of  rebellion,  is  true ;  perhaps  you  mistook  the  pop- 
ular delusion  for  the  cause  of  your  country  (as  many  others 
did  who  have  returned  to  their  duly)  and  you  engaged  in  ii; 
warmly  :  but  when  you  found  your  error,  you  earnestly  re- 
turned, you  saved  the  province  you  had  engaged  for  from 
devastation  and  ruin,  and  you  rendered  most  essential  servi- 
ces to  your  king  and  country:  for  which  I  engage  my  word 
to  you,  you  will  receive  pardon,  you  will  secure  your  estate, 
and  you  will  be  further  amply  rewarded.     Your  past  cor- 


Letter  from  Mr,  Livhts  to  Gen.  Sullivan,  207 

dur-t  has  been  unworthy  ;  your  return  will  be  praise-worthy. 
Whptisall  this  expense  of  human  life  for  ?  these  deluges  of 
hiK'-an  blood  ?  Very  probably  only  to  set  afloat  some  law- 
less despotic  tyrant  in  the  room  of  your  lawful  king.  I  con- 
ceive you  must  lie  surrounded  with  embarrassments;  you 
may  pcrh?ips  find  diflkukj  in  getting  a  letter  to  me.  Possi- 
bly the  fellow  who  carries  this  to  you  may  he  fit  to  be  trusts 
ed  ;  he  thinks  indeed  he  carries  you  a  very  different  letter 
from  this,  and  I  suppose  will  be  frightened  a  good  deal  when 
he  finds  the  change  that  has  been  put  upon  him,  and  that  I 
am  in  possession  of  the  letter  he  was  intended  to  carry — yet 
]  have  understood  he  has  a  family  here,  and  will  I  suppose 
wish  to  return,  and  knows  well  enough  it  is  in  my  power  to 
procure  him  pardon  and  reward;  and  I  imagine  he  thinks  (as 
I  trust  most  people  do)  that  I  am  never  forgetful  of  a  mart 
who  does  any  thing  to  oblige  me.  You  will  consider  how  far 
you  may  trust  him,  how  far  it  is  prudent  to  do  it,  and  you 
can  sound  him,  and  see  whether  he  wishes  to  return,  and 
whether  he  is  likelv  to  answer  the  purpose  ;  and  if  you  think 
proper  you  may  engage  to  him  that  1  will  protect  him,  and 
reward  him  if  he  brings  me  safely  a  letter  from  jou.  I  could 
say  a  great  deal  more  on  this  subject,  but  I  must  close  my 
letter,  lest  it  should  be  too  late.  Be  sincere  and  steady,  and 
8;ive  me  an  occasion  to  show  myself 

Your  sincere  friend, 

*****  ****** 

Montreal,  2nd  June,  1777. 

This  Icttor  was  taken  out  of  a  canteen  with  a  false  bottony. 
by  General  Schu^der,  at  Fort  Edward,  this  16thday  of  June^ 
in  the  presence  of  us  the  subscribers. 
Benjamin  Hicks,  Capt. 
Henry  B.  Livingston,  Aid  de  Camp  to  Major- 

General  Schuyler. 
John  W.  Wendell,  Capt. 
John  Lansing,  junr.  Secy,   to  Major-General 
Schuyler. 

I  certify  upon  honor  that  this  letter  was  taken  out  of  a  can- 
teen, which  !  delivered  to  General  Schuyler,  which  canteen 
I  received  from  Col.  Van  Dyck,  who  separated  part  of  the 
wire  from  the  false  bottom,  to  see  whether  it  was  the  canteen 
I  was  sent  for,  and  who  after  taking  out  this  letter  and  letting 
out  some  rum,  returned  it  into  the  canteen  without  breaking' 
the  seals. 

Bar.  J.  V.  Walkenburgh,  Licutr 
"      bine  16,  1777. 


208      Gen.  Sullivan's  letter  to  the  President  of  Congress^ 

There  is  an  endorsement  on  the  back  of  the  manuscript^ 
from  which  this  is  copied,  in  the  hand  writing  of  General  Sul- 
livan, "  From  Mr.  Livius  to  Gen.  Sullivan." 
0 

The  following  is  one  of  the  spirited  letters  addressed  hy 
Greheral  Sullivan  to  the  President  of  Congress,  at  the  time 
his  enemies  had  succeeded  in  influencing  a  portion  of  the 
Representatives  against  him.  Though  the  time  may  have 
passed  when  the  greatest  interest  on  this  subject  existed,  and 
5^ears  have  increased  the  brightness  of  Sullivan's  fame, — yet 
his  own  account  of  his  services,  and  his  manly  appeal  to  the 
Representatives  of  the  nation,  will  be  read  with  interest  at 
-all  times» 

Camp  on  Perkiomy.,  Sept.  27,  1777, 
Much  Esteemed  Sir^ 

I  have  long  been  soliciting  for  a  court  of  enquiry  into  my 
Conduct  in  the  expedition  against  Staten  Island.  I  had  appli' 
cd  to  the  commander  in  chief  for  one  before,  I  know  Con- 
gress had  ordered  it,  but  such  has  been  the  state  of  our  armSj 
that  I  have  not  been  able  to  obtain  one,  and  know  not  when 
I  shall  have  it  in  my  power.  1  however  take  ihe  freedom 
to  transmit  Congress  copies  of  the  testimonies  I  mean  to  lay 
before  the  court,  which  I  beg  Congress  to  peruse,  and  they 
can  be  at  no  loss  what  must  be  the  result  of  an  impartial 
court.  I  am,  however,  happy  in  the  assurance,  that  the  ev 
idence  will  remove  every  suspicion  from  the  minds  of  the 
members  of  Congress,  and  from  the  court,  if  ever  I  should 
be  so  happy  as  to  obtain  one ;  and  I  shall  take  the  proper 
steps  to  remove  the  effects  from  the  minds  of  Americans  at 
large.  I  was  ever  at  a  loss  to  find  what  great  evil  happened 
from  this  expedition,  unless  a  spirit  of  enterprise  is  deemed 
a  fault ;  if  so,  /  think  it  will  need  but  few  resolves  of  Congress  t» 
destroy  what  remains  of  it  in  our  army. 

In  this  expedition,  we  landed  on  an  island  possessed  by 
the  enemy;  put  to  rout  six  regiments,  killed,  wounded,  and 
made  prisoners  at  least  four  or  five  hundred  of  the  enemy ; 
vanquished  every  party  that  collected  against  us ;  destroyed 
them  great  quantities  of  stores  ;  took  one  vessel,  and  des- 
troyed six  5  took  a  considerable  number  of  arms,  blankets, 
many  cattle,  horses,  &c.  ;  marched  victorious  through  the 
island,  and  in  the  whole  course  of  the  day,  lost  not  more 
than  one  hundred  and  fifty  men,  most  of  which  were  losi 
by  the  imprudence  of  themselves,  and  officers.     Some  lew. 


fStn.  SulUvatih  letter  to  the  President  of  Congreas .       209 

indeed,  were  lost  by  cross  accidents,  which  no  human  fore» 
sight  could  have  prevented. 

Whether  Congress  will  take  any  steps  against  persons 
who  have  thus  scandalously  imposed  their  falsehoods  upon 
them,  1  shall  not  enquire.  1  find  it  necessary  for  me  to  take 
the  proper  steps  to  do  myself  justice,  which  1  know  the  im- 
pirtial  part  of  mankind  will  justify.  I  was  still  more  aston- 
ishe<I  to  find  that,  upon  the  vague  report  of  a  single  person, 
who  pretends  to  know  all  about  the  late  brittle  of  Brandy- 
wine,  (though  I  am  confident  he  saw  but  little  ol  it)  Congress 
should  suddenly  pass  a  resolve,  to  suspend  r-ie  from  the  ser- 
vice, (which  resolve  was  afterwards  resci  idecl.)  If  the 
reputation  of  general  officers  is  thus  to  be  sported  with,  upon 
every  vague  and  idle  report,  those  who  set  less  by  their  rcp» 
utation  than  myself,  must  continue  in  the  service.  Nothing 
can  be  more  mortifying  to  a  man  who  is  conscious  of  havir)g 
done  every  thing  in  his  power  for  the  good  of  his  country  j 
has  w^asted  his  strength,  and  often  exposed  his  life  in  the 
service  of  it ;  than  to  find  the  representatives  thereof,  in^ 
stead  of  bestowing  on  him  the  reward  of  his  services,  load- 
ing him  with  blame,  infamy,  and  reproach,  upon  the  false 
representations  of  a  sins^le  person,  who  felt  as  little  of  the 
severity  of  the  engagement,  as  he  knows  about  the  disposi- 
tion of  our  troops,  or  that  of  the  enemy. 

I  enclose  Congress  the  testimony  of  those  brave  and  ex* 
perienced  officers,  who,  with  me,  endured  the  hottest  of  the 
enemy's  fire. 

I  have  never  endeavored  to  establish  my  reputation  by 
my  own  pen  •,  nor  have  I,  according  to  the  modern  custom, 
employed  others  for  the  purpose  ;  neither  have  I  adopted 
the  still  more  infamous  method  of  raising  my  own  reputation 
by  destroying  that  of  others.  I  have  always  contented  my- 
self with  a  consciousness  of  having  done  my  duty  with 
faithfulness  ;  but  being  constrained  to  say  somi  thing  at  this 
time  respecting  the  late  battle,  and  some  other  mattt  i-s.  I 
hope  Congress  will  look  upon  it,  r:thtrasthe  effect  of  ne- 
cessity, than  any  desire  of  making  a  merit  of  my  services. 

I  never  yet  have  pretended  that  my  disposition  in  the  late 
battle  was  perfect ;  i  knew  it  was  very  far  from  it ;  but  this  I 
will  venture  to  affirm,that  it  was  the  best  which  time  would  al- 
low me  to  make.  At  half  past  two,  I  received  orders  to  march 
with  my  division,  to  join  with,  and  take  command  of  that 
and  two  others  to  oppose  the  enemy,  who  were  coming 
down  on  the  right  flank  of  our  army,  i  neiilicr  knew  where 
the  enemy  wcre,nor  what  route  the  other  two  divi^ions  were 
tp  take,  and  of  course  could  not  determine  wliere  I  should 
27 


210       Gen.  Sullivan's  letter  to  the  President  of  Congfess-* 

form  a  junction  with  them.  I  began  njy  march  in  a  few  min- 
utes after  I  received  my  orders,  and  had  not  marched  a 
mile,  when  I  met  Col.  Hazen  with  his  regiment,  w^hich  had 
been  stationed  at  a  ford,  three  miles  above  me,  who  inform- 
ed that  the  enemy  were  close  upon  his  heels,  and  that  I 
might  depend  that  the  principal  part  of  the  British  army 
were  there^;  although  I  knew  the  report  sent  to  head-quar- 
ters, made  them  but  two  brigades.  As  I  knew  Col.  Hazen  to 
be  an  old  officer,  and  a  good  judge  of  numbers,  I  gave  cre- 
dence to  his  report,  In  preference  to  the  intelligence  before 
received.  While  I  was  conversing  with  Col.  Hazen,  and  our 
troops  still  upon  the  march,  the  enemy  headed  us  in  the 
road,  about  forty  rods  from  our  advanced  guard. — 1  then 
found  it  necessary  to  turn  off  to  the  right  to  form,  and  so 
got  nearer  to  the  other  two  divisions,  which  I  at  that  mo- 
ment discovered  drawn  upon  an  eminence,  both  in  the  rear, 
and  to  the  right  of  the  place  I  then  was  at.  I  ordered  Col. 
Hazen's  regiment  to  pass  a  hollow  way,  file  off  to  the  right, 
and  face,  to  cover  the  artillery.  The  enemy  seeing  this, 
did  not  press  on,  but  gave  me  time  to  form  my  division  on 
an  advantageous  height,  in  a  line  with  the  other  divisions, 
but  almost  half  a  mile  to  the  left:  I  then  rode  on  to  consult 
the  other  general  officers,  who,  upon  receiving  information 
that  the  enemy  were  endeavoring  to  out-flank  us  on  the  right, 
were  unanimously  of  opinion,  that  my  division  should  be 
bi-ought  on  to  join  the  others,  and  that  the  whole  should  in- 
cline further  to  the  right,  to  prevent  our  being  out-flanked  ; 
but  while  my  division  was  marching  on,  and  before  it  was 
possible  for  them  to  form  to  advantage,  the  enemy  pressed 
on  with  rapidity  and  attacked  them,  which  threw  them  into 
some  kind  of  confusion.  1  had  taken  post  myself  in  the  cen- 
tre, with  the  artillery,  and  ordered  it  to  play  briskly  to  stop 
the  progress  of  the  enemy,  and  give  the  broken  troops  time 
to  rally  and  form  in  the  rear  of  where  1  was  with  the  artillery, 
1  sent  ofl"f6ur  aid-de-camps  for  this  purpose,  and  went  myself  j 
but  all  in  vain.  No  sooner  did  I  form  one  party,  but  that 
which  I  had  before  formed,  ran  ofl',  and  even  at  times,  when  - 
I,  though  on  horseback,  and  in  front  of  them,  apprehended 
no  danger.  I  then  left  them  to  be  rallied  by  their  own  offi- 
cers, and  my  aid-dc-camps;  I  repaired  to  the  hill  where 
our  artillery  was,  which  by  this  time  began  to  feel  the  effects 
of  the  enemy's  fire.  This  hill  commanded  both  the  right  and 
left  of  our  line,  and  if  carried  by  the  enemy,  I  knew^  would 
instantly  bring  on  a  total  rout,  and  make  a  retreat  very  diffi- 
cult; I  therefore  determined  to  hold  it  as  long  as  possible,  to 
give  Lord  Sterling's  and  General  Stephen's  divisions,  which' 


Gen.  Sullivan'^s  letter  to  the  President  of  Congress.      21  i 

yet  stood  firm,  as  much  assistance  from  the  artillery  as  pos- 
sible, and  to  give  Col.  Hazeirs,  Dayton's  and  Ogdcn's  regi 
ments,  which  still  stood  firm  on  our  left,  tho  same  advantage, 
and  to  cover  the  broken  troops  of  my  division,  and  to  give 
them  an  opportunity  to  rally,  and  come  to  our  assistance, 
which  some  of  thcni  did,  and  others  could  not  by  their  offi- 
cers be  brought  to  do  any  thing  but  fly. — The  enemy  soon 
began  to  bend  their  principal  force  against  the  hill,  and  the 
fire  was  close  and  heavy  for  a  long  time,  and  soon  be- 
came general.  Lord  Sterling  and  General  Conway  with 
their  aid-de-camps  were  with  mc  on  the  hill  and  exerted 
themselves  beyond  description  to  keep  up  the  troops.  Five 
times  did  the  enemy  drive  our  troops  iVoni  the  hill,  and  as 
often  was  it  regained,  and  the  summit  often  disputed  almost 
muzzle  to  muzzle.  How  far  I  had  a  hand  in  this,  and 
whether  I  endured  the  hottest  of  the  enemy's  Arc,  I  cheer- 
fully submit  to  the  gentlemen  who  were  with  me.  The  gen- 
eral fire  of  the  line  lasted  an  hour  and  forty  minutes;  fifty- 
one  minutes  of  which  the  hill  was  disputed  almost  muzzle  tc 
muzzle,  in  such  a  manner,  that  General  Conway,  who  has 
seen  much  service,  says  he  ne'\'er  saw  so  close  and  severe  a 
fire.  On  the  right  where  General  Stephens  was,  it  was  long 
and  severe,  and  on  the  left  considerable.  When  we  found 
the  right  and  left  oppressed  by  numbers  and  giving  way  on 
all  quarters,  we  were  obliged  to  abandon  the  hill  we  had  so 
long  contended  for,  but  not  till  we  had  almost  covered  the 
ground  between  that,  and  Birmingham  meeting-house,  wiih 
the  dead  bodies  of  the  enemy.  When  I  found  that  victory 
was  on  the  side  of  the  enemy,  I  thought  it  my  duty  to  pre- 
vent as  much  as  possible,  the  injurious  consequences  of  a  de- 
feat; for  which  purpose  I  rallied  my  troops  on  every  advan- 
tageous piece  of  ground  to  retard  their  pursuit,  and  give 
them  fresh  opposition.  How  far  I  exerted  myself  in  this, 
Congress  will  readily  see  by  consulting  the  enclosed  testi- 
monies; and  that  the  last  parties  1  assisted  to  rally  and  post 
against  them  were  between  sunset  an(J  dark.  By  this  means 
the  enemy  were  so  much  fatigued,  that  they  suficrcd  our 
whole  army,  with  their  artillery,  baggage,  &:c.  to  pass  ofi 
without  molestation,  and  without  attempting  to  pursue  us  a 
step. 

I  wish  Congress  to  consider  the  many  disadvantages  I 
labored  under  on  that  day  ;  it  is  necessary,  in  every  action, 
that  the  commanding oliicer  should  have  a  perfect  knowled^ti 
ol  the  number  and  situation  of  tiic  enemy,  the  rout  they  ai-e 
pursuing,  the  ground  he  is  to  draw  up  his  troops  on,  as  welj 
as  that  where  the  enemy  are  formed,  and  that  ho  have  suf- 


212      Gen,  Sullivan^s  leUer  to  the  President  of  Congress, 

ficicnt  lime  to  view  and  examine  the  position  of  the  enemy, 
and  to  draw  up  his  troops  Tn  such  a  manaer  as  to  counteract 
|heir  design  ;  all  of  which  were  wanting. — We  had  intelli- 
gence only  of  iwo  brigades  coming  against  us,  when,  in  fact, 
it  was  the  whole  strength  of  the  British  army,  commanded 
hy  General  Howe  and  Lord  CornwalJis.  They  met  us  un- 
expectedly, and  in  order  of  battle,  and  attacked  us  before 
we  had  time  to  form,  and  upon  ground  we  had  never  be- 
fore seen.  Under  those  disadvantages,  and  against  those 
unequal  numbo's,  we  maintained  our  ground  an  hour  and 
forty  minutes  ;  and  by  giving  fresh  opposition  on  every 
ground  that  v.ould  admit,  we  kept  them  at  bay  from  three 
o'clock  until  after  sunset.  What  more  would  have  been  ex- 
pected from  between  three  and  four  thousand  troops  against 
the  chief  part  of  the  British  army  ? 

I  now  beg  Congress  to  consider  whether  my  services  in 
political  and  military  life,  have  deserved  so  ill,  as  to  render 
me  liable,  upon  vague  reports  and  private  opinions,  to  have 
my  character  stigmatized  by  resolves  against  me.  Though  I 
have  never  yet  wrote,  or  said  any  thing  in  favor  of  myself, 
I  am  compelled  for  once  to  alter  my  conduct.  My  politic- 
al character  is  well  known  in  most  parts  of  America,  and 
the  part  I  have  taken  in  the  present  dispute.  I  am  exceeding 
happy,  that  in  the  military  line,  I  have  witnesses  of  all  my 
conduct.  Let  the  commander  in  chief  declare,  who  it  was 
that  supplied  cannon,  arms  and  ammunition  to  the  army, 
when  they  were  almost  destitute  at  Cambridge,  and  who 
brought  the  troops  to  guard  the  lines,  Avhen  they  were  al- 
most deserted,  and  v^  ho  by  his  influence  prevailed  upon 
them  to  tarry  six  weeks  after  their  time  was  expired.  To 
the  officers  I  had  the  honor  to  command  on  W' inter  Hill,  I 
appeal  whether  1  was  nat  the  means  of  inducing  their  men  to 
enlist  for  the  second  campaign,  and  vihether  daring  the  whole 
time  I  was  there,  1  did  not  cheerfully  brave  every  danger 
that  could  arise  from  the  severe  cannonade  and  bombardment 
of  the  enemy.  To  the  officers  of  the  Canada  army  let  me 
af)})cal  for  the  truth  of  my  having  found  on  my  arrival  in 
that  quarter,  a  most  miserable  army,  flying  off  by  hundreds 
and  leaving  behind  them  all  their  sick,  and  all  the  public 
stores  which  had  been  sent  into  that  quarter.  Those  I  spec-; 
dily  collected,  and  having  joined  my  other  forces,  made  an 
effort  to  penetrate  into  the  country,  but  the  unfortunate  ar- 
rival of  ten  thousand  British  troops,  put  it  out  of  my  power. 
I  hf<d  then  to  make  a  retreat  with  five  thousand  sick,  and 
two  thousand  two  hundred  and  fifty  well  men,  and  to  secure. 


Gen.  Sull'vayi's  Utlfr  to  the  President  of  Congress.       513 

the  puVilic  stores  scatteivd  ihroiighoiil  the  country.  This  was 
done  in  the  face  of  a  veteran  army,  confimandeil  hy  a  hrave 
and  experienced  ofllcer.  "^Fhc  sick  and  ihe  pul'lic  stores  were 
not  only  saved,  but  the  mills,  timber,  and  boards  were  de- 
stroyed, which  prevented  the  enemy  from  reducing  Ticoa- 
deroga  to  the  same  unhappy  situation  the  last  year  which 
thry  have  done  this.  How  far  1  was  active  in  conducting 
this  retreat,  which  even  our  enemies  have  applauded,  let 
the  address  of  the  worthy  olRccrs  in  that  army  present?  J.  at 
my  departure  from  them  declare.  In  the  attack  upon  Tren- 
ton in  December  last,  I  appeal  to  all  the  officers  in  the  three 
brigades  commanded  by  Generals  St.  Clair,  Glover,  and 
Commandt.  Sergeant,  whether  1  did  not  enter  the  town,  at  the 
head  of  my  troops,  and  whether  my  disposition  was  not  the 
most  perfect  that  couid  br  devised  for  carrying  the  town  and 
preventing  escapes,  and  whether,  with  my  division,  I  did  not 
carry  the  town  before  we  received  any  assistance.  To  the 
commander  in  chief,  and  to  the  same  ollicers  1  again  appeal, 
whether  I  did  not  by  my  influence  prevail  on  tho^e  troops 
to  tarry  six  weeks  after  the  first  day  of  January,  which  in 
my  opinion  went  far  towards  saving  Anierira  ,*  and  whether, 
at  the  attafck  on  Princeton,  I  was  not  in  the  front  of  my  line 
when  the  enemy  began  their  fire  upon  us,  and  whether  they 
ever  saw  me  in  the  least  endeavor  to  screen  myself  frnns  the 
enemy's  fire.  For  the  battle  of  Long  Island,  I  appeal  to 
Major  Wills  and  the  other  otficers  who  were  with  me,  whethf 
er  any  person  could  have  exposed  himself  more,  or  made  a 
longer  resi-tance  with  such  an  handful  of  men,  against  so 
great  an  army. 

It  is  an  observation  of  one  of  the  widest  of  m?n,lhat  no  per-^ 
son  can  stand  before  envy ;  and  I  am  determined  not  to  make 
the  rash  attempt.  ]\ly  reputation  and  my  freedom  I  hold 
dear.  But  if  1  lose  the  former,  the  latter  becomes  of  no 
importance.  1  therefore,rather  than  run  the  venture  to  com° 
bat  against  the  envy  of  sonie  malicious  orliccrs  in  the  army, 
when  cherished  and  supported,  ljy  the  influence  of  their  too 
credulous  correspondents  in  Gongrcss,  must,  as  soon  as  the 
court  of  inquiry  have  sat,  and  given  their  opinion,  beg  leave 
to  retire  from  the  army,  while  my  reputation  is  secure. 
This  will  afl'ord  me  an  opportunity' of  doing  justice  to  my 
reputation,  and  laying  my  conduct,  with  the  evid(>nce  of  it, 
before  the   public  ;  and  enable  me  to   take  the  proper  steps, 

*  It  was  undoubtedly  owing,  in  a  great  de(;rec,  to  liiP  ex'  rtions  of  ^-Miy 
van  and  Stark,  thut  a  re-eiilislment  c.l'dio  tmops  ..va.-  fffecled  at  thii  i^L-riK 
ous^uuctiire. — ^ee  ColUctionifar  li>i;,>,  ;).  100. 


214  Motice  ef  Dr.  John  LamsoH. 

against  those,  who,  without  cause  or  foundation,  have  en- 
deavored to  ruin  one,  who  has  ever  shown  himself  one  of  the 
warmest  friends  to  American  freedom.  I  heg  Congress  will 
not  suppose  this  to  proceed  from  disaffection,  but  from 
necessity ;  that  I  may  quit  a  place,  where  I  have  more  to 
fear,  than  I  could  have  from  the  most  powerful  enemy,  ff 
Congress  grants  me  liberty  to  retire,  I  shall  give  in  my  resig- 
nation to  the  commander  in  chief,  when  the  court  of  inquiry 
have  sat,  and  given  their  judgment,  and  if  it  is  against  me, 
when  a  court  martial  gives  a  final  judgment,  unless  that 
should  likewise  be  against  me.  But  I  cannot  think  that 
Congress,  after  examining  the  evidences,  will  be  at  a  loss  t© 
know  what  the  result  of  either  court  must  be. 

Dear  Sir,  1  have  the  honor  to  be,  with  much  respect, 
Your  Excellency's  most  obedient  servant, 

JOHN  SULLIVAN. 

His  Excellency  John  Hancock,  Esq. 


DR.  JOHN  LAMSON. 
Doct.  Lamson  was  born  in  Exeter,  about  the  year  1 736. 
Having  acquired  a  medical  education,  he  was,  in  1757,  ap- 
pointed surgeon's  mate  in  the  New-Hampshire  regimentj 
commanded  by  Col.  Meserve  and  Lt.  Col.  GofFe.  The 
latter,  with  200  men,  was  ordered  to  Fort  William  Henry, 
and  put  under  the  command  of  Col.  Munroe,  a  British  offi- 
cer. Dr.  Lamson  accompanied  this  detachment.  The  fort 
was  soon  after  invested  by  a  body  of  French  and  Indians, 
under  the  command  of  Gen,  Montcalm.  Having  expended 
their  means  of  defence,  they  were  obliged  to  capitulate. 
They  were  allowed  the  honors  of  war;  and,  on  engaging  not 
to  serve  against  the  French  for  eighteen  months,  were  to  be 
escorted  by  the  French  troops  to  Fort  Edward,  with  their 
private  baggage.  After  giving  up  their  arms,  the  Indians  in- 
sisted that  the  French  had  made  a  prior  agreement  with 
them,  inconsistent  with  the  terras  they  had  granted  to  the 
English  ;  inasmuch  as  by  the  first  contract,  the  copper  color- 
ed gentry  were  allowed  to  kill  and  plunder,  while  by  the 
second,their  enemies  were,  as  they  thought,  very  improperly 
exempted  from  robbery  as  M-ell  as  murder  ;  and,  in  order 
to  do  themselves  right,  they  fell  upon  the  English  and  Amer- 
icans, and  stripped  and  butchered  them  at  their  pleasure. 
Of  the  New-Hampshire  detachment,  eighty  were  killed  and 
iaken.  Dr.  Lamson,  perceiving  that  those  who  resisted  the 
.ravages'  claim  to  clothing  and  other  property,  lost  not  only 


Kotice  of  Dr.  John  Lamson.  215 

their  garments,  but  their  lives,  wisely  submitted  to  rohhery, 
rather  than  provoke  to  murder,  and  became  a  prisoner.  1'hc 
Indians,  having  relieved  him  of  the  incumbrance  of  his  dress, 
marched  him  in  triumph  to  Continowago,  an  Indian  village 
about  iburteen  miles  from  Montreal,  lie  was  adopted  into 
an  Indian  family,  and  treated  with  kindness,  excepting  when 
his  master  had  taken  too  much  "strong  water" — a  not  unfrc- 
qucnt  occurrence,  and  then  the  old  man  was  very  much  in- 
clined to  take  his  son,  (the  Doctor's)  scalp.  The  old  squaw 
was  then  obliged  to  interfere,  and  hide  the  prisoner  till  her 
sanop's  fury  had  abated.  In  one  of  his  drunken  frolics,  com- 
ing home  in  the  evening  full  of  rum  and  full  of  wrath,  he 
began  his  search  for  the  Doctor,  in  order  to  ofler  him  up  as 
a  sacrifice  ;  but  stumblingover  a  pile  of  pumpkins,  which  lay 
in  his  wigwam,  he  laid  his  own  wise  head  amongst  them, 
and  there  remained  till  the  morning.  The  Doctor  being 
much  dissatisfied  with  the  tenure  on  which  he  held  his  life 
while  in  this  situation,  escaped  with  a  Boston  drummer,  and 
fled  to  Montreal,  to  solicit  the  interference  of  the  French 
Governor  in  his  behalf.  The  Governor  was  absent,  but  his 
lady,  beinginformed  of  their  rank,  took  the  Doctor  into  the 
parlor,  and  sent  the  drummer  into  the  kitchen,  where  both 
were  treated,  according  to  their  respective  ranks,  with  kind 
hospitality.  On  the  Governor's  return.  Doctor  Lamson  in- 
formed him  of  his  situation  and  wishes,  and  was  told  that 
the  treasury  was  drained  of  money — that  there  were  cap- 
tives among  the  more  distant  tribes  who  were  worse  used 
than  those  in  the  neighborhood  of  Montreal — but  that  in 
about  two  months  he  might  expect  to  be  redeemed.  While 
in  conversation,  a  young  Indian  came  to  the  door  on  a  horse 
bare-back  for  the  prisoner,  who,  according  to  the  Gover- 
nor's advice,  and  on  his  assurance  that  his  master  should  not 
punish  him  for  running  away,  mounted  behind  the  savage, 
and  departed  for  Continowago, 

The  Governor  was  mindful  of  his  promise,  and  at  the  end 
of  two  months  paid  300  livrcs  for  his  ransom,  and  took  him 
to  Montreal.  From  this  place  he  was  sent  to  Quebec  with 
other  prisoners,  and  there  p\it  into  prison  with  the  common 
soldiers  ;  but  upon  making  known  his  rank,  he  was  alloued 
the  liberty  of  the  city  upon  his  parole,  till  he  was  sent  in  a 
cartel  ship  to  France;  where  he  was  exchanged  and  went  to 
Plymouth,  England.  In  England,  he  was  exposed  lo  danger 
from  a  suspicion,excited  probably  by  the  fiuency  with  which 
he  spoke  the  French  language,  that  he  was  an  emissary 
from  France.     To  free  himself  from  that  imputation,  head-^ 


216'  Scrap  of  Histf/ry, 

dressed  a  If  tter  to  some  person  in  aiuhoritjf,  stating  what  ht;^ 
was  and  what  bad  been  liis  misfortunes.  The  elegance  of 
his  hand  writing  and  aitness  of  his  style  attracted  attention, 
and  his  letter  was  hanfivd  about  among  the  officers,  some  of 
whom  sought  Lis  acquairvtance  and  introduced  him  to  Gen. 
Edward  Wolfe,  fathe)'  ui'  Gen.  James  Wolfe,  who  afterwards 
fell  on  the  plains  of  Abr.diam,  gallantly  lighting  for  his  coun- 
try' in  1759.  Gen.  Wolfe  was  so  well  pleased  with  his  de- 
portment, and  so  well  satisfied  Avith  his  qualifications,  that 
he  procured  for  riim  the  appointment  of  surgeon''s  mate  in 
the  King's  regiment  which  he  commanded.  But,  wishing 
to  return  to  his  n:iti\e  counti'y,  he  made  known  his  desire  to 
his  patron,  who  caused  him  to  be  appointed  surgeon's  mate 
on  board  the  Norwich  man  of  war,  tound  to  America.  In 
this  ship  became  to  Boston,  and  in  less  than  two  years  from 
the  time  of  his  falling  into  the  hands  of  the  Indians,  again 
joined  the  New-Hampshire  regiment  in  1759.  How  long  he 
continued  in  the  service  is  unknown.  After  leaving  the  ar- 
my, he  established  himself  in  'lis  native  town,  where  he  fol-> 
lovv'ed  the  practice  of  physic  and  surgery  with  reputation  till 
his  death  in  Nov.  1774.  The  year  after  bis  decease,  a  par- 
ty of  Canada  Indians  made  a  visit  to  Exeter;,  and  immediate- 
ly inquired  for  Doctor  John.  On  being  informed  of  his 
death,  they  all  sat  down  in  silenre,  apparentlji  feeling  that 
they  had  lost  a  friend,  and  mourning  his  loss.  They  then 
inquired  if  Doctor  John  had  any  connexions  in  Exetei',  and 
on  learning  that  he  had  a  brother,  requested  to  see  him. 
The  brother  was  unwell,  and  thus  deprived  of  an  interview 
with  those  sons  of  the  forest,  whose  love  and  fidelity  to  their 
friends  are  as  proverbial,  as  their  treachery  and  cruelty  to 
their  enemies.  I^Jr.  Gideon  Lamson,  the  Doctor's  brother, 
is  a  respectable  merchant  still  residing  in  Exeter. 


.  Scrap. — The  General  Assembly  of  the  Province  of  Ncw^ 
Hampshire  granted,  on  the  20th  June,  1  764,  300  pounds  ster- 
ling "  towards  the  restoring  the  philosophical  apparatus  of 
Harvard  College  lately  destroyed  by  fire."  Provision  being* 
made  for  replacing  the  said  apparatus  by  another  hand,  the 
Province  in  General  Assembly  voted  on  the  1  7th  January, 
1765,  that  the  said  grant  of  money  be  applied  "  towards  re- 
pairing the  loss  of  the  Library  by  the  purchasing  of  suitabl'^ 
books  for  the  use  of  the  Society." 


(217) 

jLrltt^?E!am|ifiinivc  fSLimovitnl  Soc(et|?, 

At  a  meeting  of  citizens  from  different  parts  of  the  State, 
holden  at  Exeter,  March  13,  1823,  it  was  resolved  to  form 
a  Historical  Society  for  the  State  of  Nevv-IIanipshirc. 
Measures  were  accordingly  taken  to  organize  the  associa- 
tion ;  and  invitations  in  behalf  of  those  persons  assembled 
were  extended  to  individuals  in  different  parts  of  the  State, 
who  were  supposed  to  be  friendly  to  the  object. 

An  adjourned  meeting  of  the  Society  was  holden  at  Ports- 
mouth on  the  20th  of  May,  and  the  following  gentlemen 
attended,  viz.  :  Messrs.  Ichabod  Bardett,  Alexander  Ladd, 
Timothy  Upham,  Nathaniel  A.  Haven,  jun.,  Andrew  Peirce, 
James  Bartlett,  Charles  W.  Cutter,  Stephen  Mitchell,  John 
Kelley,  William  Smith,  Oliver  W.  B.  Peabody,  Peter  Chad- 
wick,  Hosea  Hildreth,  William  Plumer,jun.,  Nathan  Parker, 
Charles  Burroughs,  Israel  W.  Putnam,  Nathaniel  Adams, 
Richard  Bartlett,  Asa  Freeman,  and  Jacob  B.  Moore.* 

The  necessary  officers  were  then  appointed  to  serve  until 
a  charter  of  incorporation  should  be  procured,  and  a  per- 
manent constitution  adopted. 

Nathaniel  A.  Haven,  jun.  was  appointed  to  prefer  a  peti- 
tion in  behalf  of  the  Society  to  the  Legislature  of  the  State, 
praying  for  a  charter  of  incorporation. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  Plistorical  Society,  at  the  Capitol  ir\ 
Concord,  on  the  13th  day  of  June,  1823,  the  charter  of  in- 
corporation, granted  by  the  Legislature,  was  presented,  read 
and  accepted  by  the  Society.  After  which  the  following 
Constitution  was  adopted,  as  containing  the  fundamental 
laws  of  the  Society. 

The  Constitution  of  the  Kew-Hampshire  Historical  Society. 

1.  The  object  of  the  New-Hampshire  Historical  Society 
shall  be  to  discover,  procure,  and  preserve  whatever  may 
relate  to  the  natural,  civil,  literary,  and  ecclesiastical  history 
of  the  United  States  in  general,  and  of  this  State  in  particular. 

•  Letters  were  received  from  Hon.  William  Plumer,  Hon.  Jereroiah 
Smith,  Parker  Koyes,  John  Farmer,  and  George  Kent,  F'q'rs.,  expressing 
a  lively  interest  in  tht  oljects  of  the  association,  and  opoioguinic  'or  un- 
avoidable absence. 


';ilS  .New-Hampshire  Historical  Society, 

2.  The  Society  shall  consist  of  resident  and  honorary 
members,  the  former  to  be  persons  residing  in  the  State  of 
New-Hampshire,  the  latter,  persons  residing  elsewhere.  The 
number  of  resident  members  shall  net  exceed  fifty  ;  the 
number  of  honorary  members  shall  not  exceed  the  number 
of  the  resident. 

3.  The  election  of  members  shall  be  by  ballot  at  the 
annual  meetings.  No  member  shall  hereafter  be  elected  by 
less  than  six  votes  •,  and,  in  all  cases,  the  votes  of  two-thirds 
ef  the  members  present  shall  be  necessary  to  a  choice. 

4.  Each  member  (honorary  members  excepted,  wilk 
whom  it^shall  be  optional)  shall  pay,  before  the  annual  meet- 
ing next  following  his  election,  the  sum  of  five  dollars.  The 
Society  may  assess  taxes  at  the  annual  meetings,  on  each 
resident  member,  not  exceeding  three  dollars  in  one  year. 
Any  person  neglecting  to  pay  the  aforesaid  sum  of  five  dol- 
lars, or  any  tax,  for  I  he  term  of  two  years,  shall  cease  to 
be  a  member. 

5.  The  annual  meeting  of  the  Society  shall  be  holden  at 
Concord  on  the  second  Wednesday  in  June.  Other  meet- 
ings may  be  held  at  such  times  and  places  as  the  Society 
may  from  time  to  time  direct.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the 
President,  and  in  his  absence,  of  one  of  the  Vice  Presidents, 
upon  the  application  of  three  members,  to  call  a  special 
meeting  of  the  Society,  of  which  notice  shall  be  given  in  a 
newspaper  printed  in  Concord,  and  another  printed  in  Ports- 
mouth, at  least  fifteen  days  before  the  meeting. 

6.  The  officers  of  the  Society,  to  be  elected  at  the  annual 
meeting  and  by  ballot,  shall  be — a  President,  two  Vice- 
Presidents,  a  Treasurer,  a  Recording  Secretary,  a  Corres- 
ponding Secretary,  and  a  Librarian,  who  shall  hold  their 
offices  for  the  term  of  one  year,  and  until  others  are  elected 
in  their  places  5  provided,  that  the  first  election  of  officers 
under  this  Constitution  shall  be  made  at  such  time  and  place 
as  the  Society  may  direct. 

7.  The  Constitution  may  be  amended  at  any  annual 
meeting,  as  the  Society  shall  deem  proper,  by  the  votes  of 
two-thirds  of  the  members  present  ;  provided,  notice  of  the 
proposed  amendment  shall  be  given  in  writing,  and  entered 
on  the  journal  at  the  preceding  annual  meeting. 

Agreeably  to  the  provisions  of  the  Constitution,  the  fol- 
lowing gentlemen  were  elected  officers  of  the  Historical  So- 
•"icty  for  the  ensuing  year,  viz. : 


Ncvi-Hampshirt  Historical  Society.  2 1 9 

>        Hon.  William  Plumer,  President. 

His  Excellency  Levi  Woodbury,  )  f.-,e.p,esiden'.-. 

KeV.    DENNET     1  YLER,  5 

George  Kent,  Esq.   Treasurer. 

John  Kellet,  Esq.  Rtcordinct  Secretary. 

Nathaniel  A    Haven,  jun.  Esq.  Corresponding  Sec'ry. 

Jacob  B.  Moore,  Librarian. 
His  Excellency  Levi  Woodbury,  Hon.  William  Plumer, 
and  Hon.  Ichabod  Bartlett,  were  appointed  a  committee  to 
prepare  a  code  of  by-laws  for  the  government  of  the  Socie- 
ty, and  to  report  at  an  adjourned  meeting. 

The  Society  then  adjourned,  to  meet  at  Barley's  Hall,  in 
Exeter,  on  Wednesday  the  17th  of  Sept.  next,  at  10  o'clock^ 
in  the  forenoon. 


ACT  OF  INCORPORATION. 

An  Act  to  incorporate  certain  persons  by  the  name  of  tht 
New-Hampshire  Historical  Society. 

Whereas  the  persons  hereinafter  named  have  associated 
(br  the  laudable  purpose  of  collecting  and  preserving  such 
books  and  papers  as  may  illustrate  the  early  history  of  the 
State  ;  and  of  acquiriisg  and  communicating  a  knowledge  ol 
the  natural  history,  the  botanical  and  mineralogicai  produc- 
aons  of  the  State  ;  as  well  as  for  the  general  advancement  ol 
science  and  literature  :  and  whereas  the  object  of  their  asso- 
ciation is  of  public  utility,  and  deserves  public  encourage- 
ment :  Therefore, 

Section  1.  Be  it  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  f louse  of  Repre- 
sentatives, in  General  Court  convened,  That  Ichabod  Bartlett. 
William  Plumer,  jun.  Bennel  lylcr,  Jeremiah  S'mith, 
Jeremiah  Mason,  Richard  Bartlett,  James  Bartlett,  Jacob 
B.  Moore,  Andrew  Peircc,  William  Smith,  jun.  and  Nathan- 
iel A,  Haven,  jun.  with  their  associates,  and  such  other  per- 
sons as  shall  from  time  to  time  be  admitted  members  of  said 
association,  according  to  such  by-laws  as  the  members  oi 
said  association  may  establish,  be.and  they  hereby  are,creat- 
ed  a  body  politic  and  corporate,  and  shall  forever  hereafter 
continue  a  body  politic  and  corporate,  by  the  name  of  the 
Ke,ia-Hampshir%  Historical  Society,  and  for  the  purposes  afore- 
said ;  and  with  all  the  powers,  privileges  and  liabilities  in- 
cident to  corporations  of  this  nature. 

Sec.  2.  And  be  it  further  enacted,  That  the  said  corporatioii, 
may  receive  and  take  by  gift,  grant,  devise,  or  otherwise, 
and  hold,  possess  and  enjoy,  exclusive  of  the  building  or 
buildings   whiph  may  be    actually   occupied  and   w'^^'d   |"o:f 


220  Miscellanies 

the  safe  keeping  of  their  books,  papers  and  records,  and  oi 
their  cabinets  of  natural  history,  and  mineralogy,  and  ex- 
clusive of  their  books,  papers  and  cabinets  aforesaid,  real 
and  personal  estate,  the  yearly  value  of  which  shall  not  ex- 
ceed three  thousand  dollars ;  provided  always,  that  the  es- 
tate aforesaid  be  appropriated  for  the  purposes  aforesaid. 

Sec.  3.  jind  be  it  further  enacted.  That  the  said  corporation 
shall  have  full  power  and  authority  to  determine  at  what 
place  their  library  and  cabinets  shall  be  established  ;  at  what 
times  and  places  their  meetings  shall  be  holden  ;  and  in  what 
manner  the  members  shall  be  notified  of  such  meetings ;  to 
elect  from  among  the  members  of  said  corporation  such  offi- 
cers, with  such  powers  and  duties,  as  they  shall  judge  expedi- 
ent; and  also  to  ordain  and  enact  any  by-laws  for  the  gov- 
ernment of  said  corporation,  provided  the  same  be  not  re- 
pugnant to  the  constitution  and  laws  of  this  State. 

Sec.  4.  And  be  it  further  enacted,  That  the  said  Ichabod 
Bartlett,  William  Smith,  jun.  and  Nathaniel  A.  Haven,  jun. 
or  an}''  two  of  them,  shall  have  power  to  call  the  first  meet- 
ing of  said  corporation,  at  such  time  and  place,  and  may  no- 
tity  the  members  of  said  association  in  such  manner,  as  they 
piay  deem  expedient. 

Approved,  June  13,  1823. 


^imtUnnim..M^t^*  E 


J^'otices  of  the  West  Parish,  Salisbury,  Massachusetts, 

The  church  was  gathered  in  the  west  parish,  in  Salisbury, 
Kov.  19,  1718,  consisting  of  12  male  members,  v/ith  the 
Rev.  Joseph  Parsons,  their  pastor.  He  died  March  13,  1739, 
in  the  6Kth  year  of  Kis  age,  and  21st  of  his  ministry.  Dur- 
ing his  ministry,  about  300  persons  joined  the  church.  He 
was  succeeded  by  the  Rev.  Samuel  Webster,  D.  D.  August 
12,  1741.— Rev.  Dr.  Webster  died  July  18,  1796,  in  the  78th 
year  of  his  age,  and  5Sth  of  his  ministry.  During  his  min- 
istry, upward  of  300  persons  joined  the  church  ;  of  which 
number,  there  were  79  joined  in  the  year  1736,  and  of  that 
number,  53  on  the  4ihday  of  January.  He  was  succeeded 
by  the  Rev.  Andrew  Beatie,  June  28,  1797.  Rev.  Andrew 
Beatie  died  March  16,  1801,  in  the  34th  year  of  his  age, 
and  4th  of  bis  ministry.  During  his  ministry,  6  persons 
joined  the  chi;rch.  He  was  succeeded  by  the  Rev.  William 
Balch,  Nov..  17. 1802.     His  connexion  with  the  church  and 


Miscellanies.  221 

parish  was  dissolved  in  Feb.  181G,  in  the  14th  year  of  his 
ministry.  During  his  ministry,  6  persons  joined  the  church. 
Since  that  period,  there  has  been  no  stated  pastor. — Extract 
from  Church  Records. 

Richard  Gridley,  of ,  was  a  captain  in  Gen.  Shir- 
ley's first  regiment  of  foot,  and  was  disbanded  in  1749  :  he 
ivas  afterwards  appointed  to  command  a  regiment  in  the  ex- 
pedition against  Crown  Point  in  175G;  ccmniandcd  the  ar- 
tillery, ar.d  was  chief  engineer.  In  1758,  he  joined  Lord 
Amherst  as  a  volunteer,  and  served  at  the  reduction  of  Louis- 
bourg.  He  was  also  at  the  siege  of  Quebec  in  1 759.  March 
1,  1773,  the  Governor  of  New-Hampshire  made  him  a  grant 
of  3000  acres  of  land. 

Joshua  Warner,  of  Hingham,  Mass.  served  as  a  lieulca- 
ant  under  Capt.  Winslow  in  the  expedition  to  the  West  In- 
dies in  1740;  and  served  also  in  the  diflcrcnt  wars  of  the 
country  from  1742  to  1758.  The  tract  called  ]Varntr''s 
Location,  {now  constituting  apart  ofChitham)  containing 
3006  acres,  was  granted  by  Gov.  ^Ventworth,  in  conse- 
quence of  the  King's  proclamation  of  Oct.  7,  1763,  for  re- 
warding the  meritorious  services  of  his  subjects. 

Henry  Bellows  commanded  the  British  ship  Despatch 
in  the  expedition  against  Cape  Breton,  and  served  sut^sc- 
quently  in  the  wars  against  France,  and  the  Indians.  He 
was  granted  a  tract  of  58:26  acres,  situated  E.  of  Conway, 
by  Gov.  Wentworth,  Nov.   13,  1772. 

It  is  stated  in  an  old  petition  to  the  legislature  of  NeW- 
Hampshire,  from  the  proprietors  of  Marlow,  that  there 
were  in  that  township  in  1772,  twenty-nine  families;  and 
eight  single  men  preparing  for  families. 

Items  extracted  from  the  Journals  of  the  Committee  of  Safety  for 
the  State  of  Kew-Hamp shire. 

July  7,  1775.  Capt.  Timothy  Bedel  was  ordered  with  n 
company  to  the  defence  of  Lancaster,  Northimiberland, 
&:c.  and  enjoined  by  all  prudent  measures  to  endeavor 
to  preserve  the  friendship  of  the  Indians;  also  promptly 
to  arrest  and  examine  any  persons  who  may  be  suspect- 
ed of  a  design  to  injure  the  cause  of  America,  with  dis- 
cretionary powers  as  to  their  punishment,  &lc. 

Stpt.  28.  Col.  Timothy  Walker  was  ordered  to  proceed 
to  Winter  Hill,  and  there  pay  the  N.  H.  troops  each  24^"^.  for 
coats  promised  thpm.  and   12p.  for  ^dankct?. 


222  Miscdlanits. 

Kov.^2,  1776.  A  company  of  tories  brought  in  from 
New- York,  were  sent  28  to  Exeter,  7  to  Portsmouth,  10 
to  Dover,  and  14  to  Amherst  gaols.  They  afterwards 
had  the  offer  of  release,  upon  procuring  satisfactory  bonds. 

Jan.  31,  1777.  Appointed  Michael  M'Clary,  of  Epsom,  a 
captain  in  Col.  Scaramers  regiment.  Same  day  appointed 
Daniel  Livermore,  of  Concord,  a  captain  in  ditto. 

Dec.  S.  Established  a  post  route  from  Portsmouth  to  No. 
4 ;  Peter  Robinson,  post  rider  ;  salary  £300  per  annum,  law- 
ful. He  \vas  to  carry  and  return  all  letters,  &,c.  once  a 
week. 


Form  of  the  oath  required  of  persons  arrested  on  suspicion  of  en- 
mity  to  their  country. 

I,  J.  B.  do  solemnly  swear,  by  the  great  name  of  the  ev- 
erlasting God,  that  I  will  do  my  duty  as  a  good  subject  of 
the  State  of  Nevv-Hampshire  ;  that  I  will  to  the  utmost  of  my 
power  and  ability  disclose  and  make  known  to  some  officer  or 
magistrate  acting  for  and  under  the  authority  of  the  United 
States,  or  some  one  of  them,  of  all  plots  and  conspiracies, 
which  I  know,  or  may  know  or  may  come  to  my  knowledge 
against  this  State  or  the  United  States  of  America,  or  any 
one  of  them,  as  independent  of  and  in  opposition  to  the 
King  of  Britain ;  and  that  I  will  not  directly  or  indirectly 
aid,  or  assist,  advise  or  give  intelligence  to  any  person  or 
persons  acting  under  the  authority  of  the  said  King  of  Great 
Britain,  relative  to  his  or  their  endeavoring  to  bring  the 
United  States  or  any  one  of  them  under  the  dominion  of  the 
said  King.  And  that  I  take  this  oath  without  any  mental  re- 
servation or  equivocation  whatsoever,  and  mean  honestly 
and  faithfully  to  perform  the  same.     So  help  me  GOD. 


It  is  the  fault  of  some  men,  that  they  affect  a  great  indli- 
ierence  to  correctness  of  speech ;  and,  though  skilled  in  all 
the  intricacies  of  language,  to  appear  like  novices  in  even 
its  first  principles.  A  late  chief-justice  of  the  Superior  Court, 
having  not  unfrequently  made  use  of  the  words  "this  here" 
and  "  that  there,"  for  the  simples  this  and  thaf^  a  wag  at  Do- 
ver published  during  the  session  of  the  court  at  that  place, 
the  following 

EriTAPH. 

"  Here  lies  the  body  of  Ichabod  Hare, 

'-  Who's  left  "  this  here'''  world,  and  gone  iq  "  ihttt  thtre^'''' 


(  223  )         ^ 

mttvnvvt  ilotirrfii. 

A  new  geographical  work  by  Mr.  Joseph  E.  Worcester, 
author  of  the  l^nivcrsal  Gazetteer,  is  now  in  the  press,  and 
will  soon  be  published.  It  is  intended  to  supply  a  supposed 
want  in  the  present  mode  of  studying  geography,  being 
a  book  designed  for  popular  reading,  suitable  to  follow  the 
study  of  the  elements  of  geography  by  the  same  author. 
The  following  account,  though  not  given  as  the  title,  will 
convey  some  idea  of  the  design.  A  survey  of  the  globe,  in 
a  geographical  order,  comprizing  a  view  of  the  grand  fea- 
tures of  nature,  the  principal  mountains,  rivers,  natural  curi- 
osities, principal  cities,  remarkable  edifices,  ruins,  &c.  to- 
gether with  a  view  of  the  manners  and  customs  of  different 
nations.  The  work  will  be  contained  in  two  neat  12  mo. 
volumes,  illustrated  by  about  one  hundred  engravings. 
From  the  well  known  talents  and  industry  of  Mr.  Worcester, 
we  are  confident  the  work  will  meet  with  a  favorable  recep- 
tion. 

*'?n  Election  Sermon,  preached  at  Concord,  btfore  His  Excellen- 
cy Levi  Woodbury,  Governor,  and  the  Honorable  Council, 
Senate,  and  House  of  Representatives,  of  the  State  of  JVeto 
Hampshire,  June  5,  1823.     By  Daniel  Dana,  D.  D. 

We  need  ofter  no  apology  to  our  readers,  for  inserting  the 
following  extracts  from  the  interesting  Sermon  of  Dr.  Dana. 
We  shall  hereafter  give  some  notice  of  the  Sermons  preach- 
ed on  this  anniversary,  since  the  first  by  Dr.  M'Ciintock. 
on  the  organization  of  the  new  government,  in  1784. 

■•'  All  restraiuts  on  religious  liberty  ;  all  invasions  of  the  right*- 
of  conscience  ;  all  preferences  of  one  sect  or  denomination  to 
another  ;  all  impositions,  by  the  civil  power,  of  creeds  and  lit- 
urgies, we  sincerely  deprecate.  No  enlightened  Christian,  or 
enlightened  patriot  would  wish  to  see,  in  our  favored  coun- 
try, a  religious  establishment.  !t  would  corrupt  religion,  with- 
out affordinj^  substantial  aid  to  the  state.  Nor  is  it  to  be  desir- 
ed that  such  provision  should  be  made  by  Christian  societies, 
for  the  clergy,  as  should  render  the  sacred  office  a  lure  to  am- 
bition, or  to  avarice.  The  system,  so  opposite  to  this,  which 
has  lon^  prevailed  in  this  state,  h;is  had  its  influence,  it  may  be 
believed,  to  preserve  the  purity  of  the  clerical  profession.  iStill, 
that  a  minister  of  the  gospel,  instead  of  relyino-  on  the  justice 
of  a  society  which  has  pledg'ed  him  a  support,  should  be  liable  to 
be  cast  on  the  world  ;  should  even  find  himself  a  mere  pension- 
er on  private  bounty  ;  cannot  be  favorable,  either  to  his  dignity, 
or  his  usefulness.  By  the  nature  of  his  office,  he  is  required  to 
declare  iinwelr.orae  truths,  and  to    pr(«s  anwelcomc  duties  ;  to 


224  Extract  from  Dr.  Dann\  Sermon, 

dispense  warnings,  admonitions  and  rebukes,  without  partiality, 
and  without  fear,  to  all  classes  of  mankind.  The  best  interests  oi 
his  hearers  therefore,  and  of  society  at  large,  forbid  that  he  should 
be  subjected  to  such  temptations  to  unfaithfulness,  as  no  ordinary 
degree  of  virtue  can  withstand.  Should  he  even,  by  a  rare  moral 
heroism,  combine  an  entire  independence  of  mind  with  an  extreme 
dependence  of  circumstances  ;  still  his  influence  in  guiding  the  judg- 
ment of  the  community,  in  forming  its  taste,  and  regulating  its 
manners,  would  be  comparatively  small. — But  on  a  subject  of 
such  delicacy,  I  forbear  ;  and  cheerfully  commit  it  to  the  judg- 
ment and  the  feelings  of  an  enlightened  and  liberal  auditory." 

"  To  love  our  fellow-creatares  as  ourselves '^  to  do  to  others  as  we 
woidd  wish  them  to  do  to  ii,s ;  these  are  among  the  most  obvious 
dictates  of  reason ;  and  they  constitute  the  second  precept  of 
the  great  law  of  righteousness.  Here  we  see  the  elementary 
principles,  the  essence,  of  a  morality  worthy  of  the  name — a 
morality  before  which  all  ordinary  virtue  retires  abashed,  or 
shrinks  into  deformity.  Were  this  precious,  all-comprehensive 
precept  engraven  on  every  heart,  what  would  be  the  result  ? 
Where  is  the  tongue,  or  the  pen,  or  the  pencil,  which  could  ad- 
equately display  the  condition  of  a  community  thus  blessed  ?  \t 
would  be  a  family  of  peace  and  joy.  It  would  resemble  a  musi- 
cal instrument,  of  the  richest  tones,  of  the  most  exquisite  hai'- 
mony,  without  a  single  discordant  string.  In  such  a  society,  what 
place  would  be  found  for  those  various  and  nameless  evils  which 
have  so  often  annihilated  the  blessings  of  Providence,  and  mul- 
tiplied, and  embittered  the  woes  of  life,  and  poisoned  human 
happiness  at  its  very  fountain  ?  Where  would  be  the  wrath,  the 
malice,  the  revenge,  tearing  individual  bosoms  ?  Where  the 
jealousies,  the  suspicions,  the  alienations,  separating  friends  and 
relatives  ?  Where  the  strifes  and  contentions,  agitating  families, 
and  spreading  havock  through  neighborhoods  ?  Where  the  false- 
hoods in  narrations  and  promises,  the  frauds  and  deceptions  in 
commerce,  the  slanders  and  detractions  of  the  social  circle,  and 
the  endless  litigations  of  courts  ?  And  where,  in  fine,  the  thefts 
and  robberies,  and  murders,  which,  to  the  disgrace  of  human  na- 
ture, stalk  abroad  in  almost  every  community  ?" 

'  "  Our  fathers  were  eminently  men  of  God,  Their  homes, 
their  kindred,  their  fathers'  sepulchres  were  as  dear  to  them,  as 
to  others.  But  dearer  to  th»ir  hearts  was  their  Saviour,  and  his 
religion.  To  enjoy  this  religion,  and  to  extend  the  knowledge 
of  this  Saviour,  wrxs  their  grand  object  in  quitting  their  native 
shores,  and  encountering  the  perils  of  the  ocean  and  the  wilder- 
ness. A  design  unparalleled  in  the  history  of  man  !  It  encom- 
passes their  names  and  memories  with  imperishable  glory.  It 
casts  into  shade  all  those  projects  and  achievements  by  which  the 
ordinarily  great  have  purchased  immortality.  Heaven  smiled  on 
their  righteous  cause,  and  crowned  it  Avith  a  success  correspond- 
ent to  its  purity  and  elevation." 


AUGUST,  1823. 


35iosva|)iiB, 


HON.  CALEB  ELLIS. 

liCxtracted  Jroin  the  Sketch  of  his  Character  written  by  Hon.  JeremiAh  Smith. 
LL.  D.  late  Cliief  Justice  of  the  Superior  Coait  of  N.  H.,  and  delivered  to  the 
Grand  Jury  of  GraflOQ  county,  at  Haverhill,  May  21,  1816.] 

"Nature  endued  him  with  a  mind  at  once  ingenious,discrim- 
inating  and  strong.  Without  education,  he  would  doubtless 
have  attracted  no  small  share  of  the  esteem  and  confidence 
of  those  within  the  circle  of  his  acquaintance.  But  his  great 
modesty  would  probably  have  concealed  him  from  public 
notice.  Fortunately  it  was  otherwise  ordained  ;  and  he  re- 
ceived the  best  education  our  country  could  give.  He  was 
graduated  at  Cambridge  in  1793,  and  left  that  distinguished 
university,  with  a  high  character,  for  learning,  morals,  and 
general  literature.  He  was  not  young  v/hcn  an  under  grad- 
uate, and  therefore  was  not  exposed  to  some  of  the  tempta- 
tions, incident  to  college  life.  But  from  what  we  know  of 
him,  we  may  venture  to  say,that  such  v/erc  his  happy  dispo- 
sitions and  early  good  principles,  that  he  could  not  have  fail- 
ed, at  any  age,  to  have  improved  his  time,  strengthened  his 
moral  habits,  and  to  have  acquired  that  fine  edge  of  moral 
feeling,  for  which  he  was  remarkable. 

"  He  seems  to  have  been  endued  by  nature,  with  caution, 
prudence  and  self-distrust;  and  'did  not  need,'  as  was  said 
of  another  great  man,  a  native  of  the  same  town,*  '  the  smart 
of  guilt,  to  make  him  virtuous,  nor  the  regret  of  folly,  to 
make  him  wise.'  On  leaving  collegc,he  entered  inunediatc- 
ly  on  the  study  of  the  law,  under  the  direction  of  a  distin- 
guished practiser,  who  now  fills  a  judicial  office  under  the 
United  States.!  It  was  to  be  expected  of  Mr.  Ellis  that  the 
three  years,  spent  in  preparation  for  the  practice   of  lav/^ 

*  Uedham.  f  Hou.  John  Davi^,  LL.  D. 

29 


226  Hon.  Caleb  Ellis. 

would  be  well  spent,  lie  was  diligent  in  his  application; 
for  he  soon  perceived,  that  he  had  entered  on  a  wide,  and 
ditiicult  field,  where  his  excellent  understanding,  clear  and 
discriminating  as  it  was,  and  aided  by  the  stock  of  knowl- 
edge, acquired  in  the  course  of  a  liberal  education,  would 
find  full  employment. 

"  His  health  Mas  never  good ;  but  his  mental  faculties 
were  clear  and  bright,  and  his  mind  ardent.  Genius  is  not 
appalled  by  difficulties  ;  it  sees  its  object,  and  sulfers  no  ob- 
stacle to  retard  its  progress.  It  accomplishes  v.hatcver  it  un- 
dertakes. 

"  Perhaps  no  student  ever  left  a  lawyer's  office,  with  a  lar- 
ger and  better  stock  of  law  knowledge.  He  commenced 
the  practice  in  this  State.  Soon  after  his  admission  to  the 
bar  of  the  Supreme  Court  in  the  county  of  Clieshire,  I  well 
recollect  his  argument  in  a  case  of  some  difliculty  and  iw,~ 
portance,  and  the  remark  of  a  gentleman*  then  at  the  head 
of  the  bar,  and  who  seldom  errs,  in  his  judgment  of  men, 
'  that  Mr.  Ellis  would  soon  be  numbered  among  the  most  val- 
uable and  respectable  members  of  the  profession.'  This  sen- 
timent was  the  more  observable,  as  Mr.  Ellis  made  no  pre- 
tensions to  oratory.  Indeed  he  made  no  pretensions  to  any 
thing.  His  manner  was  modest  and  unassuming.  It  seems, 
at  no  time,  to  have  been  his  plan  or  his  n  ish  to  command  a 
large  share  of  practice.  K  was  not  necessary  to  the  accom- 
plishment of  his  views  in  life.  He  studied  the  law  as  a  sci- 
ence, as  well  as  used  it  as  a  profession.  He  had  too  much 
honor  and  good  feeling,  to  turn  law  into  a  trade ;  loo  much 
real  delicacy,  to  seek  employment  5  and  too  much  modesty, 
even  to  place  himself  in  a  conspicuous  situation,  to  attract  a 
great  portion  of  business. 

"  His  merits  however  could  not  remain  long  concealed. 
AH  who  knew  his  worth,  esteemed  him ;  and  his  townsmen 
elected  him  a  member  of  the  legislature,  I  think,  as  early  as 
1803.  In  1804  he  was  chosen  a  member  of  Congress  ;  four 
or  five  years  afterwards,  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
Executive  Council  of  this  State. — In  1811,  he  declined  a  re- 
election into  that  branch  and  was  chosen  into  the  Senate.  In 
1812  he  was  one  of  the  electors  of  President  and  Vice-Pre- 
sident of  the  United  States.  Few  men  have  gone  through 
these  honorable  and  important  offices,  Avith  more  disinterest- 
ed views,  more  advantage  to  the  public,  or  credit  to  them- 
selves, than  Mr.  Ellis.  No  one  ventured  to  call  in  question 
the  purity  of  his  motives  ;  and  those,  who,  on  particular  sub- 

*  Hon,  Benjaroin  ^Vest,  of  Chailestown. 


Hon,  Cakb  ElUs.  227 

jccLs,  differed  in  opinion  irom  hirn,  were  always  ready  to  ac- 
knowledge the  general  correctness  and  soundness  of  his 
judgtnent. 

'■'  When  the  new  judiciary  system  was  framed,  in  1813,  the 
best  informed  of  all  parties  named  Mr.  Ellis  for  the  office  of 
Judge  of  this  Court.  The  merit  of  the  executive  of  that 
day,  in  relation  to  his  appointment,  was,  in  con  purring  with 
that  nomination.  It  is  known  to  me,  that  three  years  before, 
when  the  Executive  was  composed  of  men  differing  in  polit- 
ical sentiment,  all  would  gladly  have  united,  in  placing  him 
on  the  bencli.  But  his  objections,  at  that  time,  could  not  be 
removed. — Among  the  reasons  which  induced  him  to  accept 
the  appointment,  in  1813,  I  know,  it  was  not  the  least,  that 
lie  considered  the  system  then  adopted,  as  a  great  improve- 
ment in  the  jurisprudence  of  the  State.  It  was  with  un- 
feigned reluctance,  however,  that  he  could  be  persuaded  to 
embark  in  this  arduous  employment.  He  was  too  well  ac- 
quainted with  the  subject  not  to  see  its  difficulties,  import- 
ance and  responsibility.  If  his  knowledge  had  been  less 
extensive,  his  confidence  in  himself  would  probably  have 
been  greater. 

"  I  have  already  spoken  of  his  candor  and  moderation  ia 
i.lic  legislative  and  executive  bodies,  of  which  he  was  a  mem- 
ber, and  of  his  practising  on  all  occasions,  those  virtues  so 
rarely  found  in  these  degenerate  times.  The  temper,  which 
it  was  thus  his  pride  and  happiness  to  cultivate,  when  the 
example  of  so  many  would  have  excused,  if  not  justified,  a 
less  amiable  and  tolerating  spirit, was  indispensable  in  a  Judge. 
A  political  Judge  would,  of  all  others,  1  think,  be  the  worst. 
Indeed,  I  have  always  thought,  and  still  think,  that  he  who 
shall  be  transferred  from  a  political  station,  to  the  bench, 
will  have  much  to  unlearn,  as  well  as  much  to  learn.  It  will 
not  be  sufHcient  that  he  interfere  no  more  with  politics.  He 
.must  forget  all  those  arts  and  practices,  which  prevail  in  po- 
litical bodies.  He  must  learn  to  look  on  men,  as  neither  of 
his  party,  nor  of  that  of  his  opponents. — The  Judge,  whose 
death  we  deplore,  had  in  this  respect  little  to  learn,  and  no- 
thing to  forget.  He  had  been,  at  all  times,  and  in  all  situa- 
tions, temperate,  candid  and  moderate. 

"  If  he  ever  aimed  at  popularity,  it  was  that  which  fol- 
lows, not  that  which  is  run  after;  that  popularity  which 
sooner  or  later  never  fails  to  do  justice  to  the  j)ursuit  of  no- 
ble ends  by  honest  means.  He  v.'ould  not  do  that  which 
his  conscience  told  him  was  wrong,  to  gain  the  huzzas  of  the 
multitude,  nor  avoid  doing  what  he  thought  right,  through 
fear  of  their  displeasure.     He  was  not  an   ambitious  Judge, 


S28  Hon.  Caleb  EUhi 

He  loved  the  law  as  a  science,  and  was  no  doubt  ambitious 
to  be  qualified  for  his  judicial  functions.  This  is  a  praise- 
worthy ambition,  springing  up  in  every  good  mind,  and 
prompted  by  a  sense  of  duty.  But  there  is  also  a  mischiev- 
ous ambition,  and  one  which  is  dangerous  to  public  virtue. 
To  this  he  was  a  stranger.  He  coveted  neither  increase  of 
wealth,  titles  or  honor.     He  was  content  with  his  lot. 

"  Mr.  Ellis  was  an  independent  and  impartial  Judge.  It 
has  been  generally  supposed,  that  the  tenure  by  which 
Judges  hold  their  places,  and  the  constitutional  provision  for 
their  support,  are  among  the  most  valuable  of  the  modern 
improvements  in  the  science  of  government.  And  that  they 
secure,  as  far  as  human  institutions  can,  the  independence  of 
Judges,  and  an  upright  administration  of  the  laws.  With- 
out being  disposed  to  question  the  excellence  of  these  pro- 
visions, or  their  favorable  influence,  on  those  who  will  be 
generally  called  to  the  judicial  magistracy,  we  have  all 
J<nown  men,  who,  without  them,  could  be  firm  and  indepen- 
dent Jui^ges.  There  have  been  Judges,  who  held  their  offi- 
ces during  the  pleasure  of  the  worst  of  men,  and  spurned 
alike  their  flattery  and  their  frowns. — There  is  an  inde- 
pendence which  has  its  seat  in  the  mind,  a  spirit  which  dis- 
dains to  submit  to  any  controul,  except  what  reason,  con- 
science and  a  sense  of  duty  impose.  I  am  firmly  persuaded, 
that  the  Judge  just  taken  from  the  bench,  possessed  this 
spirit  in  an  eminent  degree.  His  mind  was  too  lofty  to  en- 
ter into  any  calculations  foreign  to  the  merits  of  the  cause, 
in  the  discharge  of  his  official  duties  ;  neither  the  merits,  nor 
demerits  of  the  parties,  nor  their  connections,  however  nu- 
merous and  powerful,  could  have  any  influence  with  him. — 
I  am  sensible  that  this  is  very  high  praise,  a  praise  which 
could  not  in  truth  be  bestowed  on  all  good  men,  nor  even  on 
all  good  Judges.  But  it  is  praise  which  Mr.  Ellls  richly 
merited. 

"  There  is  another  trait  in  the  judicial  character  of  our 
departed  associate,  nearly  allied  to  that  just  mentioned, which 
must  not  be  omitted;  I  mean  his  fortitude,  firmness,  and  in- 
flexibility. It  is  for  the  honour  of  the  times  in  which  we 
live,  and  an  evidence  that  some  bounds  are  set  to  party  ani- 
mosities, that  a  Judge  obeying  the  dictates  of  his  conscience, 
incurs  no  risk  of  personal  violence.  The  temper  of  these 
times  would  not  bear  dictating  to  a  court  of  justice.  The 
worst  that  a  Judge  has  to  apprehend  is  the  loss  of  his  office, 
and  if  he  happens  to  be  fit  for  it,  this  would  be  no  loss  \o 
him  ;  it  would  rather  be  a  public,  than  a  private  loss.  He 
may  also  lay  his  account  for  a  share,   of  that  "  mendax  in- 


Hon.  Caleb  EUii.  229 

lamia  "  from  the  press,  which  basely  coins  facts,  and  imputes 
false  motives.  It  docs  not,  however,  require  much  fortitude, 
to  pursue  the  path  of  duty  at  the  hazard  of  a  little  calumny ; 
still  there  is  a  constant  call  for  firmness  in  a  Judge.  There 
is  in  some  men  a  certain  easiness  of  temper,  that  makes  jus- 
lice,  and  especially  the  severity  of  justice,  which  is  some- 
times necessary,  extremely  painful.  1  verily  believe,  that 
the  Judge,  who  orders,  like  the  parent,  who  inflicts  punish- 
ment, often  suffers  more,  than  the  culprit,  or  the  child.  What 
good  man  would  not  feel  pain,  when  his  sentence,  or  decree, 
must  necessarily  occasion  hardship,  inconvenience  and  pain 
toothers?  There  is  some  danger  that  these  feelings  may 
incline  a  Judge  to  depart  from  the  rules  of  law,  in  hard  ca- 
ses, and  cause  him  to  forget  for  a  moment,  that  justice  is 
steady,  uniform  and  inflexible,  and  that  motives  of  commis- 
seration,  from  whatever  source  they  flow,  must  not  mingle  in 
the  administration  of  justice.  We  all  err  too  often  from  our 
ignorance,  and  our  frailties  ;  but  a  Judge  is  in  danger  of  er- 
ring from  his  very  virtues.  I  think  the  late  Judge  Ellis 
possessed  a  mind  in  this  respect  happily  tempered,  neither 
too  mild  nor  too  severe  ;  a  mind  which  could  steadily  pursue 
the  path  of  duty,  wheresoever  it  led.  He  diligently  inves- 
tigated the  rule  of  law,  and  then  faithfully  and  firmly  ap- 
plied it  to  the  case,  regardless  of  consequences.  I  am  sen- 
sible that  many  persons,  nnd  especially  those  not  trained  in 
legal  habits,  can  hardly  be  induced  to  place  this  inflexibility 
among  the  number  of  judicial  virtues.  Judge  Ellis  was 
mild  and  courteous  in  his  treatment  of  all,  but  was  a  stranger 
to  that  pliancy  of  disposition,  which  is  too  apt  to  lead  to  the 
sacrifice  of  principle,  and  the  relaxation  of  the  strict  rules 
of  practice,  so  necessary  to  be  maintained  in  courts  of  jus- 
tice. 

"  Judge  Ellis  was  endued  with  an  uncommon  share  of 
sensibility,  yet  from  early,  and  continued  discipline,  he  had 
obtained  the  complete  command  of  his  passions.  His  pru- 
dence and  discretion,  and  the  suavit}-  of  his  manners,  joined 
to  his  reputation  for  knowledge  in  his  profession,  secured  him 
from  most  of  the  evils,  which  have  just  been  mentioned,  as 
incident  to  the  oflice  he  sustained.  But  if,  from  any  cause, 
he  had  been  called  to  suflcr,  as  much  injustice  as  any  good 
Judge  ever  suflcred,  he  would  have  been,  I  am  confident, 
but  little  affected  by  it. 

"  There  was  another  trait  in  the  mind  of  this  excellent 
Judge,  which  eminently  fitted  him  for  the  bench.  I  mean 
the  union  of  great  readiness  of  conception  with  a  capacity 
for  deep  and  patient   investigation.     This   irnion    is  rarely 


230  iJon.  Caleb  Ellis, 

found,  and  yet  the  judicial  character  is  imperfect  widiout  it. 
Quickness  of  conception,  and  as  it  were  intuitive  knowledge 
of  the  exact  state  of  the  case ;  sagacity  in  detecting  chica- 
nery and  artifice  ;  a  faculty  of  seeing  into  men  ;  of  discern- 
ing when  witnesses  speak  the  truth  and  when  they  are  stu- 
djnng  to  evade  it ;  and  of  extracting  truth  from  unwilling 
Avitnesses;  the  capacity  of  readily  selecting  and  methodical- 
ly recapitulating  and  summing  up  the  evidence;  and  then 
stating  clearly  the  principles  of  law  applicable  to  the  case, 
are  qualifications  in.a  Judge  of  incalculable  importance  and 
utility  in  conducting  the  business  of  a  jury  term.  The  ad- 
vantage to  be  derived  from  such  a  Judge,  on  the  score  of  dis- 
patch alone,  is  great,  both  to  the  public,  and  to  suitors.  When 
the  cause  has  been  tried  by  the  jury,  questions  of  law  aris- 
ing at  the  trial,  may  be  examined  and  considered  afterwards, 
with  little  additional  expense  to  the  parties  ;  and  here  the 
Judge  can  scarcely  be  too  patient,  in  hearing,  or  spend  too 
much  time  in  weighing  and  considering.  I  have  not  often 
been  present  when  the  late  Judge  Ellis  has  been  occupied  in 
the  trial  of  jury  causes.  But  from  my  intimate  acquaintance 
with  the  powers  of  his  mind  for  many  years,  and  from  the 
cases  stated  by  him,  as  well  as  from  the  concurrent  testimo- 
ny of  all  the  bar,  I  cannot  but  consider  him  as  having  been 
eminently  qualified  for  the  business  of  a  jury  term. 

"  His  associates,  at  the  law  term,  (I  can  venture  to  speak 
for  both,)  have  had  abundant  evidence  of  his  logical  precis- 
ion, of  his  skill  in  the  intricate  science  of  special  pleading, 
and  of  his  talent  for  deep  and  critical  investigation  of  ques- 
tions of  law.  When  it  has  fallen  to  his  lot  to  express,  in 
public,  the  grounds  of  his  own  judgment,  or  that  of  the 
court,  all  capable  of  judging  have  been  delighted  with  the 
accurate,  correct  and  even  polished  style  of  his  composition: 

'•  If  there  was  any  thing  for  the  critic  tp  condemn  in  the 
texture  of  his  mind,  or  in  his  reasoning,  it  was,  that  he  had 
too  much  ingenuity  to  be  perfectly  intelligible,  at  all  times, 
to  juries,  and  that  his  reasoning  sometimes  appeared  to  bor- 
der on  refinement. 

"  We  have  always  found  him  at  the  law  term,  as  ready  to 
correct  the  errors  and  mistakes,  which  he  might  have  fallen 
into,in  the  trial  of  causes,  as  any  of  the  bench;  more  ready 
to  correct  his  own,  than  the  errors  of  others ;  a  rare  instance 
of  candour,  and  worthy  of  all  imitation.  To  a  letter  from 
me,  just  before  the  last  law  term,  proposing,on  account  of  the 
state  of  his  health,  to  spare  him  the  labour  of  attendmg 
through  the  whole  circuit,  he  answered, '  that  he  should  not 
be  able  to  investigate   many  of  the  questions  saved;  but, 


Hon.  Caleb  Ellis.  23:1 

that  he  was  anxious  to  attend  those  courts,  at  least  where  he 
had  presided  at  the  jury  term,  that  he  might  have  an  oppor- 
tunity to  assist  in  correcting  his  own  errors.' — So  ready  is  a 
candid  mind,  to  magnify  instead  of  palliating  its  own  mis- 
takes. 

"  I  am  able  to  speak  with  confidence  of  the  regularity  and 
diligence,  with  which  he  prosecuted  his  Jtndics,  both  before 
and  after  he  took  his  seat  on  the  bench.  How  far  this  may 
have  contributed  to  hasten  his  death,  cannot  certainly  be 
known.  I  have  no  doubt  that  it  had  considerable  influence, 
and  that  his  valuable  life  might  have  been  longer  spared,  if 
he  could  have  been  induced  to  spare  himself  more. 

'•  1  could  easily  enlarge  on  the  qualifications  and  judicial 
virtues  of  this  good  man.  The  subject  affords  a  sort  of  mel- 
ancholy satisfaction.  But  I  forbear  ;  indeed  1  know  not 
where  to  end.  In  reviewing  what  I  have  just  delivered,  I 
am  myself  struck  with  the  reflection,  which  did  not  occur  to 
me  as  1  went  along,  that  I  have  ascribed  to  my  departed 
friend  almost  every  virtue  and  qualitj',  which  go  to  form 
the  perfect  Judge.  And  yet  I  would  not  say  that  he  was 
perfect ;  doubtless  he  had  failings  and  imperfections,  but 
they  were  few  in  number,  and  such  as  detracted  little  from 
his  judicial  merits. 

"  The  qualities,  I  have  enumerated,  he  certainly  posses- 
sed, but  in  different  measure?  and  degrees.  Quickness  and 
correctness  jof  conception,  fairness,  purity  and  firmness  of 
mind,  I  consider  as  the  distinguishing  traits  of  his  character. 
They  are  all  judicial  virtues. 

"  1  have  omitted  to  speak  of  his  truth,  his  spotless  integri- 
ty, his  enlightened  and  liberal  principles,  his  regard  for  the 
institutions  of  religion  and  morality,  his  perfect  purity  of 
heart,  his  delicate  and  scrupulous  sense  of  honour  and  hon- 
esty. These  are  cjualities  which  belonged  to  him  as  a  man 
in  common  with  many  other  men,  and  in  common,  I  hope, 
with  many  of  the  liberal  profession  of  the  law,  of  which  he 
was  so  distinguished  a  member. 

"  In  this  feeble  effort  to  draw  the  attention  of  the  commu- 
nitj^o  the  great  loss,  it  has  lately  sustained,  (to  me  an  irre- 
parable loss,)  my  mind  has  been  constantly  impressed  with 
the  image  of  the  man.  I  can  hardly  realize  that  he  is  no 
more  ;  that  he  is  far  removed  from  the  scenes  where  1  have 
been  accustomed  to  act  with  him  ;  that  he  is  now  alike  insen- 
sible to  our  praise,  or  our  censure.  I  would  not  v>ound  his 
pure  spirit  by  indiscriminate  praise,  but  his  character  now 
belongs  to  the  public,  and  it  is  our  duty  to  speak   of  hiru  as 


232  Met.  Samuel  Whiting, 

lie  was.  He  has  lived  long  enough  for  himself,  and  his  ex- 
ample cannot  fail  of  producing  a  beneficial  effect  on  those 
who  survive  him.  His  friends  will  cherish  his  memory  long 
after  this  feeble  tribute  to  his  worth,  shall  be  no  longer  re- 
membered, and  when  the  speaker  himself  shall  be  forgot* 
ten." 


REV.  SAMUEL  WHITING. 

Rev.  Samuel  Whiting  was  the  second  son  of  Mr.  Whiting 
of  Boston,  in  Lincolnshire,  England,  where  he  was  born 
Nov.  20,  1597.  His  father  was  a  person  of  good  repute,the 
eldest  son  of  many  brethren,  and  sustained  the  offices  of 
mayor  and  alderman  of  that  place.  The  subject  of  this  no- 
tice received  a  learned  education,  first  at  Boston  school,  then 
at  Emanuel  college  m  the  university  of  Cambridge,  where 
he  had  for  his  companion  in  his  education,  the  afterwards 
distinguished  Anthony  Tuckney,  D.D.,  master  of  St.  John's 
college.  Alter  his  removal  from  Cambridge,  he  became  the 
chaplain  to  Sir  Nathaniel  Bacon  and  Sir  Roger  Townscnd,with 
whom  he  continued  three  years.  He  next  removed  to  Lynn, 
in  the  county  of  Norfolk,  where  he  remained  three  years  as 
a  colleague  with  Rev.  Mr.  Price.  The  happiness  which  he 
enjoyed  in  this  connection  was  interrupted  by  complaints 
made  to  the  bishop  of  Norwich  for  his  non-conformity  to  the 
rites  of  the  established  church.  He  was  cited  to  appear  be- 
fore the  high  commission  court,  but  before  the  time  of  his  ap- 
pearance, King  James,  the  First,  died,  and  "  so  his  trouble 
at  this  time  was  diverted."  After  leaving  Lynn,  he  "  exer- 
cised his  ministry  "  several  years  at  Skirbick,  in  Lincoln- 
shire, and  from  that  place,  it  is  presumed,  came  to  New-Eng- 
land, and  arrived  at  Boston,  May  26,  1636.  It  is  remarked 
by  Dr.  Cotton  Mather,  that  "  the  ecclesiastical  sharks  drove 
this  Whiting  over  the  Atlantic  sea  into  the  v^werican  strand." 
After  remaining  a  short  time  with  his  kinsman,  Allerton 
Hough,  of  Boston,  afterwards  one  of  the  assistants  of  Mas- 
sachusetts, he  was  invited  to  become  their  pastor,  Avith  which 
office  he  was  invested  in  1636.  Mr.  Whiting  was  a  learned 
divine.  He  was  accurate  in  Hebrew,  and  wrote  Latin  with 
elegance.  He  gave  an  oration  in  Latin  at  one  of  the  com- 
mencements at  Harvard  college.  He  was  author  of  several 
publications,  the  largest  of  which  was  "  Abraham  inter- 
ceding for  Sodom,"  a  volume  of  sermons,  published  in  1666. 
His  character  is  drawn  at  considerable  length  by  Dr.Mather- 


Rev.  Samuel  Whiting.  233 

Tlie  most  important  parts  we  will  give.  '•  He  was  no  less  a 
man  of  temjjer  than  of  learning.  The  peculiar  sweetness 
and  goodness  of  his  temper,  must  be  an  csstntial  stroke  in 
his  character.  He  was  wonderfully  happy,  in  his  meek,  his 
composed,  his  peaceable  disposition.  And  his  meekness  of 
wisdom  out-shone  all  his  other  attainments  in  learning;  lor 
there  is  no  human  literature  so  hardly  attained,  as  the  discre- 
tion of  a  man  to  regulate  his  anger.  His  very  countenance  had 
an  amiable  smile  continually  sweetening  of  it.  And  his  face 
herein  was  but  the  true  image  of  his  mind,  which,  like  the 
upper  regions,  was  marvellously  free  from  the  storms  of  pas- 
sion. In  prosperity,  he  was  not  much  elated;  in  adversity, 
he  was  not  much  dejected  :  under  provocations,  he  would 
scorn  to  be  provoked."  At  the  close  of  Dr.  Mather's  account 
of  Mr.  Whiting,  there  is  a  poem  of  ninety-four  lines  written 
by  B.  Tompson,  of  Roxbury,  the  New-England  poet.  After 
the  most  exuberant  praises  bestowed  on  Mr.  Whiting,  "of 
whom  both  Englands  may  with  reason  boast,"  the  poet  pro- 
ceeds— 

"  Nations  for  men  of  lesser  worth  have  strove 
•'  To  have  the  fame,  and  in  transports  of  love 
"  Built  temples,  or  fixM  statues  of  pure  gold, 
"  And  their  vast  worth  to  after  ages  told." 

Mr.  Whiting  had  nine  children.  By  his  first  wife  he  had 
two  sons  and  one  daughter.  The  sons  died  in  England.  The 
daughter  married  Mr.  Thomas  Weld  of  Roxbury.  His 
second  wife  was  Elizabeth  St.  John,  daughter  of  Oliver  St. 
John  of  Bedfordshire,  of  an  honorable  family.,  and  nearly  re- 
lated to  Lord  St.  John  of  Bletso.  Three  of  his  sons  by  this 
marriage  graduated  at  Harvard  College,  and  were  respect- 
able ministers  of  the  gospel :  Samuel  graduated  in  1633  ;  or- 
dained at  Billerica,  Nov.  11,  1663^^  died  Feb.  28,  1713. 
John  graduated  in  1657  ;  was  intended  for  a  physician,  but 
became  a  preacher,  went  to  England,  preached  at  Butter- 
wich,  then  at  Leverton  in  Lincolnshire,  where  he  died. 
Joseph  graduated  1661  ;  assisted  his  father  in  the  ministry  at 
Lynn,  afterwards  removed  to  Southampton  on  Long-Island, 
and  was  livitig  after  1698. 

Rev.  Samuel  Whiting,  of  Lynn,  died  Dec.  11,  1679,  aged 
82.  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Whiting,  his  wife,  died  March' 3,  1677, 
aged  72.* 

*  Lynn  Records. 

30 


(   234  ) 

[0^  The  following  historical  sketches  of  tiie  first  churches  auc!  minis- 
ters in  New  Hampshire,  were  writteu  bj'  a  gentlemao  eminentlv 
versed  in  the  antiquities  of  the  state,  and  originally  appeared  in  the 
Concord  Observer.  They  form,  perhaps,  the  best  written  history 
which  has  yet  appeared,  of  the  early  religiqus  establishments  in  New 
Hampshire.] 

Memoranda:    Relating   to  the  Churches    and  Clergy  of  JS^ic- 
Hampsliire. 

The  Pilgrims  had  been  more  than  two  years  at  Plymouth. 
before  the  settlement  of  New-Hampshire  was  commenced. 
In  the  spring  of  1623,  the  Company  of  Laconia  attempted  the 
establishment  of  a  colony  here  for  the  purpose  of  trade,  and 
sent  over  Edward  and  William  Hilton  of  London,  David 
Thompson  of  Scotland,  and  their  companions,  av  ho  estabhsh- 
ed  themselves  at  Portsmouth  and  Dover. 

There  does  not  appear  to  have  been  any  meeting-house 
erected  for  the  worship  of  God,  or  any  minister  of  the  gos- 
pel, in  New-Hampshire,  for  about  ten  years,  after  its  settle- 
ment. In  1633,  a  meeting-house  was  erected  on  Dover  neck, 
and  well  fortified  against  the  attacks  of  the  enemy.  Mr. 
William  Leverich,  '  a  worthy  and  able  Puritan  minister,'  was 
engaged  as  a  preacher.  But  he  continued  there  only  a  short 
time,  and  finding  the  adventurers  and  people  either  unable  or 
unwilling  to  support  him,  removed  to  Plymouth  colony,  and 
was  settled  at  Sandwich.  Alter  his  departure,  one  Burdelt, 
who  had  been  in  the  ministry  in  England,  and  left  that  coun- 
try disgusted,  as  he  pretended,  with  the  corruptions  of  the 
English  church,  made  his  appearance  at  Dover.  He  was  a 
man  of  plausible  manners,  and  gained  the  aff'ections  of  the 
people.  After  preaching  to  them  some  time,  he  became  de- 
sirous to  govern  them ;  intrigued  against  Wiggin  their  gover- 
nor, and  was  elected  in  his  place.  He  was  an  ambitious, 
lewd,  and  bad  man.  He  dishked  the  strictness  of  the  Amer- 
ican churches,  more  than  the  corruptions  of  that  which  he 
had  forsaken ;  and  while  at  Dover,  corresponded  with  Arch- 
bishop Laud,  representing  the  principal  men  in  these  colonies 
as  hypocrites  and  traitors.  His  true  character  could  not 
long  be  concealed.  His  correspondence  with  the  Archbishop 
was  discovered,  his  leAvdness  detected,  and  he  fled  to  the 
District  of  Maine  in  1638,  and  thence,  in   1640.  to  England. 


Ecchsiaslical  History*  236 

where  he  was  imprisoned  by  the  royahsls,  and  heard  of  no 
more. 

The  church  at  Exeter  is  supposed  to  be  the  first  gathered 
in  New-Hampshire.  Rev.  John  AVheelwiucht,  in  1629,  had 
purchased  ot"  the  Indians  a  tract  oi  land,  around  the  Scjuam- 
scot.  and  engaged  to  make  a  settlement  thereon  within  ten 
years.  Having  been  banished  from  Massachusetts  for  his 
antinomianism,  he  with  eight  of  his  brethren,  obtained  dis- 
mission from  the  church  in  ]3oston,  formed  tliemselves  into 
a  church,  and  removed  to  Exeter  in  1638.  He  continued 
there  till  1G42,  when  the-inhabitantsof  tlie  town  came  under 
the  jurisdiction  of  Massachusetts,  and  J\b'.  Wheelwright 
soon  after  removed,  with  several  of  his  friends,  to  Wells  in 
Maine.  The  original  commission  for  surveying  that  town 
was  issued  by  Thomas  Gorges  in  July  1643,  and  directed  to 
"Mr.  John  Wheelwright,  minister  ol  God's  word,"'  and  two 
others.  He  spent  about  four  years  in  Wells,  when  he  be- 
came reconciled  to  the  government  of  Massachusetts,  an(^ 
w^as  settled  in  the  ministry  at  Hampton,  in  this  State,  as  col- 
league with  Mr.  Dalton,  w  here  he  remained  about  ten  years, 
and  then  went  to  England.  He  w^as  in  favor  with  Oliver 
Cromwell ;  whose  contemporary  he  was  in  the  University. 
The  Protector,  upon  Wheelwright's  being  presented,  said  that 
"he  could  remember  the  time  when  he  was  more  afraid  of 
meeting  Wheelwright  at  foot  Ijall  than  he  had  since  been  of 
meeting  an  army  in  the  held  ;  for  he  was  infallibly  sure  of 
being  iripl  up  by  him."  On  the  accession  of  Charles  II.  Mr. 
W^heelwright  returned  to  hew  England  and  settled  at  Salis- 
bury, Massachusetts,  where  he  died  suddenly  of  an  apo- 
plectic fit,  Nov.  15,  1679,  being  at  the  time  of  his  decease 
the  oldest  minister  in  the  colony.  Doctor  Cotton  Mather 
said  of  him  that  "  he  was  a  mnn  of  the  most  unspotted  mor- 
als and  unblemished  reputation,*'  and  that  "his  worst  enemies 
never  looked  on  him  as  chargea])le  with  the  least  ill  prac- 
tices." He  had  been  in  the  ministry  in  England  before  he 
came  to  America.  He  fled  from  persecution  in  liis  native 
land,  and  met  it  in  the  wilderness.  He  appears  to  have  been 
a  man  of  piety  and  talents  :  but  he  was  a  man,  and  therefoi*c 
liable  to  err.  The  common  eflcct  of  persecution  is  not  to 
convince  men  of  the  right,  but  to  confirm  them  in  the  wrong. 
Mr.  Wheelwright  became  sensible  that  he  had  erred,  and 
acknowledged  it.  The  Massachusetts  government  restored 
liim  to  the  freedom  of  the  colony.  But  it  is  no  easy  matter 
with  most  men  truly  to  forgive  the  man  whom  they  have  in- 
jured. Mr.  AVheclwright  was  not  regarded  with  that  respect 
and  esteem   Avhich  he  appeals  lo   havo  deserved.     His    de- 


23B  Ecclesiastical  History, 

scendar\ls  were  respectable.  His  son,  grand-son,  and  great- 
grand-son  were  of  the  council  for  the  Province.  His  sister- 
in-law,  the  celebrated  Ann  Hutchinson,  was  also  banished 
from  Massachusetts,  for  antinomianisni,  and  in  her  wander- 
ings was  killed,  with  all  her  family  excepting  one  daughter, 
by  the  Indians. 

The  same  year  in  which  the  Exeter  church  was  organized, 
the  town  of  Hampton  was  settled,  and  a  church  gathered,  of 
which  the  Rev.  Stephen  Bachelor  was  the  pastor.  Mr. 
Bachelor  had  a  high  reputation  among  his  people  for  uncom- 
mon sanctity,  and  when  charged  with  unchastity,  though  the 
accusation  was  supported  by  two  witnesses,  it  gained  so  litde 
credit  that  the  complaint  was  dismissed  as  unfounded*  But 
Mr.  Bachelor  knew  more  of  the  matter  than  the  church  did  ; 
and  though  he  had  failings,  and  great  ones,  he  had  too  much 
conscience  and  too  much  honor  to  allow  the  imputation  of  per- 
jury to  rest  on  the  innocent.  He  humbly  confessed  his  fault, 
and  was  forgiven  ;  but  was  dismissed  from  the  pulpit.  This 
was  in  1641.  Three  years  afterwards,  he  had  so  far  regain- 
ed his  reputation,  that  the  church  in  Exeter,  upon  Mr. 
Wheelwright's  departure,  gave  him  an  invitation  to  settle 
with  them  in  the  ministry.  The  General  Court,  however, 
interposed  and  prevented  it. 

Rev.  Timothy  Dalton  was  settled  at  Hampton,  as  colleague 
with  Mr.  Bachelor,  in  1639.  He  was  a  man  of  good  repu- 
tation as  a  minister  and  peace-maker.  In  1640,  he,  with 
Simon  Bradstreet,  Esq.  who  was  afterwards  Governor  of 
Massachusetts,  and  Hugh  Peters,  the  minister  of  Salem,  was 
appointed  by  the  government  to  inquire  into  the  difficulties 
at  Dover,  and  effect  a  reconciliation.  They  travelled  there 
on  foot,  and  accomplished  their  object.  Mr.  Dalton  contin- 
ued in  the  ministry  at  Hampton  till  his  death  in  1661. 

No  church  was  formed  in  Dover  till  1639.  Captain  Un- 
derhill,  upon  the  expulsion  of  Burdett,  was  chosen  the  Gov- 
ernor of  that  toAvn.  He  had  been  banished  from  Massachu- 
setts, for  antinomianism,  and  contempt  of  court.  He  was  an 
enthusiast  of  bad  character,  and  had  given  but  little  evidence 
of  religion,  other  than  a  public  profession  of  it,  and  an  argu- 
ment to  convince  the  church  in  Boston  that  he  obtained  as- 
surance while  taking  a  comfortable  pipe  of  the  "  good  crea- 
ture, tobacco."  On  his  assuming  the  government  at  Dover, 
he  introduced  Hanserd  Knollys,  an  antinomian  Baptist  to 
the  ministry ;  and  procured  a  church  to  be  gathered.  Knol- 
lys busied  himself  in  political  affairs,  and  in  calumniating  the 
Massachusetts  setders  to  their  friends  in  England ;  for  which, 
on  being  called   to  account,   he   made  a  public  confession 


Ecchsiastical  History.  237 

at  a  meeting  of  the  magistrates  and  people  in  Boston.  In 
1640,  Thomas  LarkJiam,  who  had  been  a  minister  in  England, 
and  was  a  zcalons  churchman,  came  to  Dover,  and  raised 
a  party  against  Knollys.  The  town  became  a  theatre  of 
riots  ;  hnes,  excommunications,  and  personal  assaults,  ensued ; 
till  the  Governor  of  Massachusetis  interfered,  and  the  tumult 
subsided.  Knoll js  was  soon  dismissed,  on  account  of  un- 
'  chastity,  (a  crime  for  which  his  patron  Underbill  had  been 
.excommunicated.)  and  returned  to  England  where  he  contin- 
ued to  preach  and  sutiered  in  the  cause  of  non-conformity. 
He  died,  Sept.  19,  1691,  at  the  age  of  93,  and  is  said  to  have 
died  "  a  good  man  in  a  good  old  age."  Larkham  tarried  at 
Dover  about  tv/o  yeai-s,  when,  following  the  example  of  his 
predecessors  in  their  lewdness,  he  also  returned  to  England ; 
was  setded  in  the  ministry  at  Tavistock,  in  Devon  ;  was  eject- 
ed for  non-conformity,  in  1660;  and  died  in  1669,  aged  68  ; 
having  acquired,  in  England,  the  reputation  of  "  a  man  of 
great  piety  and  sincerity." 

The  jjeople  of  Dover  appear  to  have  been  weary  of  irreg- 
ular preachers,  by  whom  they  had  suflered  so  much;  and 
after  Larkham's  departure,  they  applied  to  Massachusetts  for 
a  minister.  On  the  recommendation  of  the  Court,  the  Rev. 
Daniel  Maud,  who  had  been  in  the  ministry  in  England  was 
settled  there  in  1642;  and  he  was  the  first  regularly  settled 
minister  in  that  town.  His  salary  was  50/.  per  annum  and 
the  use  of  a  dwelling  house.  The  people  were  called  togeth- 
er for  public  worship  on  the  sabbath  by  beat  of  drum.  In 
1651,  the  town  raised  100/.  to  pay  two  ministers,  one  at  the 
neck  and  one  at  Oyster  river,  now  Durham.  Mr.  Maud  con- 
tinued at  Dover  till  his  death  in  1655.  "He  was  an  honest 
man,  and  of  a  quiet  and  peaceable  disposition,  qualities 
much  wanting  in  all  his  predecessors." 

Exeter  was  without  a  minister  from  1643  to  1650,  when 
the  Rev.  Samuel  Dudley  was  setded  in  that  place.  His  sal- 
ary was  40/.  but  was  raised  in  1657  to  50/.,  he  having 
then  recently  received  an  invitation  to  settle  in  Portsmouth 
on  a  salary  of  "  four  score  pounds  a  year,"  which  he 
declined.  He  was  a  son  of  Gov.  Thomas  Dudley, 
and  was  born  in  England  about  1606.  "He  was 
a  person  of  good  capacity  and  learning, "  and  had 
neither  the  intolerant  spirit  of  his  father,  nor  the  am- 
bitious mind  of  his  brotltcr  Joseph,  who  was  afterwards 
Governor  of  Massachusetts  and  New-Hampshire;  but 
probably  enjoyed  more  of  peace  and  quietness  in  his  hum- 
ble sphere,  than  they  experienced  in  the  chair  of  State.  He 
was  ocrasionally  engaged  in  pulilic  business ;  and  was  some- 


^3S  Ecclesiastical  Hislonj. 

times  eiijployed  by  the  town  as  its  agent  to  the  General  Court, 
before  any  deputy  or  representative  was  elected.  He  died 
in  1683,  and  was  probably  interred  in  the  burial  ground  west 
of  the  road  from  the  court-house  to  New-Market,  which  has 
for  many  years  past  been  improved  as  a  pasture,  or  for  til- 
lage; the  ancient  monuments  having  been  broken  down,  and 
probably  converted  to  what  was  considered  valuable  purpos- 
es ;  as  a  neighbor  to  the  ground  informed  an  inquirer  that 
"  they  made  most  excellent  whet-stones."  Mr.  Dudley  left 
seven  sons  and  at  least  five  daughters,  whose  descendants  are 
numerous  in  this  State  and  Maine. 

The  Rev.  John  Reyner  was  settled  at  Dover,  in  1657,  two 
years  after  the  termination  of  Mr.  Maud's  ministi-y.  His 
salary  in  1658  was  120/.,  and  a  house  was  given  him  in  1659. 
He  had  been  a  minister  in  England,  came  to  this  country 
about  1G36,  and  settled  at  Plymouth  ;  where  he  continued  to 
Nov.  1654  ;  and  then  left  the  place,  "to  the  great  grief  and 
loss  of  the  people.''  "He  was  of  a  meek  and  humble  spirit, 
sound  in  the  truth,  unreproachable  in  life  and  conversation, 
richly  accomplished  in  such  gifts  and  graces  as  were  befit- 
ting his  place  and  calling,  wise,  faithful,  grave,  sober,  a  lover 
of  good  men,  not  greedy  of  the  matters  of  the  world,  armed 
with  much  faith,  patience,  meekness,  mixed  with  much  cour- 
age in  the  cause  of  God,  an  able,  faithful,  and  laborious 
preacher  of  the  gospel  and  a  wise  orderer  of  the  affairs  of 
the  church,  and  had  an  excellent  talent  of  training  up  chil- 
dren in  a  catechetical  way,  in  the  grounds  of  the  christian 
religion."     He  died  April  3,  1669. 

In  1660,  Rev.  Seaborn  Cotton  was  settled  in  the  ministry 
at  Hampton,  as  colleague  with  Mr.  Dalton,who  died  the  next 
year.  Mr.  Cotton  was  a  son  of  Rev.  John  Cotton,  of  Boston, 
one  of  the  most  celebrated  ministers  of  New-England,  and  a 
brother  of  Rev.  John  Cotton,  of  Plymouth.  He  was  born  in 
August,  1633,  while  his  parents  were  on  their  voyage  to  this 
country.  He  was  graduated  at  Harvard  College,  in  1651, 
and  was  the  first  minister  in  this  State  who  w  as  educated  at 
that  College,  or  in  this  country.  He  was  a  thorough  schol- 
lar,  an  able  preacher,  and  in  sentiment  with  his  venerable 
father,  who  said,  by  way  of  excuse  for  his  nocturnal  studies, 
that  "  he  loved  to  sweeten  his  mouth  with  a  piece  of  Calvin 
before  he  went  to  sleep."  Governor  Cranfield,  after  impris- 
oning the  Rev.  Mr.  Moody,  of  Portsmouth,  for  refusing  to 
administer  the  sacrament  to  him  according  to  the  liturgy, 
sent  word  to  Mr.  Cotton,  that  "  when  he  had  prepared  his 
soul  he  would  come  and  demand  the  sacrament  of  him, 
as  he  had  done  at  Portsmouth."     Mr.  Cotton,  fearing  that 


Miscdlanie.''....J^o.  II.  230 

the  Governor  might  come  before  his  soul  was  properly  pre- 
pared for  the  ordinance,  retired  (o  Boston,  and  there  rcmain- 
i  ed  till  Craniield  left  the  Province,  when  he  returned  to    his 
people,  and  died  in  168G,  at  the  age  of  53. 

At  the  close  of  the  year  1G70,  half  a  century  had  elapsed 
from  the  landing  of  the  Pilgrims  at  Plymouth.  During  that 
time  there  had  been  seven  ministers  settled  in  New-Hamp- 
shire. Mr.  Reyner  of  Dover  died  in  1GG9,  so  that  two  only, 
Mr.  Dudley  of  Exeter,  and  Mr.  Cotton  of  Hampton,  remain- 
ed in  the  ministry. 

[To  he  con/mweJ.] 


J^tsccUfmtc.<ss*.»,»Jlo*  M. 


Rev.  Hugh  Adams,  of  Durham. — An  esteemed  friend  at 
Portsmouth  has  placed  in  our  hands  some  miscellaneous  pa- 
pers, and  among  others,  several  letters,  &c.  addressed  by 
the  Rev.  Mr.  Adams  to  the  Hon.  Richard  Waldron,  Secre- 
tary under  the  administration  of  Gov.  Belcher.  We  shall 
publish  two  or  three  of  these,  as  a  curiosity,  and  as  exhib- 
iting some  traits  of  a  man  of  many  peculiarities  and  some 
note  in  his  day.  It  may  be  proper  to  prefix  a  notice  of  Mr. 
Adams,  furnished  by  an  intelligent  correspondent.* 

A  church  at  Oyster  river,  (now  Durham,)  was  gathered 
March  26,  1718,  by  Mr.  Hugh  Adams,  who  had  preached 
a  year  or  two  in  that  place,  and  now  became  its  minister.-- 
Although  he  met  with  no  little  difficulty  from  the  people  of 
the  town,  who  were  not  at  all  remarkable  for  their  harmony 
and  love  of  order,  he  continued  there  in  the  ministjry  until 
1750,  when  he  died,  at  the  age  of  74.  He  was  graduated 
at  Harvard  in  1G96.  A  very  curious  petition  of  his  to  the 
Provincial  Assembly,  in  1738,  complaining  of  the  delin- 
quency and  trespasses  of  his  parishioners,  is  preserved  in 
Belknap^'s  History  of  New-Hampshire.  In  this  petition,  Mr. 
Adams  represents  Durham  "  as  an  Achan  in  the  camp  ;  and 
as  the  seven  sons  of  Saul  in  the  days  of  king  David  ;  and  as 
Jonah  in  the  ship  of  the  Commonwealth  of  the  Province."" 
And  he  prays,  not  only  for  justice  to  himself,  but  that  a  neg- 
lect to  pay  a  minister,  may  be  m.ade  penal,  and  presentable 

*  The  author  of  "  Memoranda,"  commenced  page  234. 


240  MisceHa7ucs..,.Ao.  11. 

by  the  grand  jury,  as  it  was  in  Massachusetts,  which  he  coii- 
sidered  the  principal  reason  why  the  people  of  that  Province 
had  been  "  proportionably  spared  from  the  throat  pestiknce^ 
and  other  impoverishing  more  than  New-Hampshire."  The 
old  gentleman  appears  to  have  had  singular  notions  of  the  effi- 
cacy of  his  prayers;  and  among  other  things  which  he  had 
accomplished  by  prayer,  he  informs  the  Assembly  that,  be- 
ing provoked  by  the  injustice  of  his  people,  and  their  rob- 
bing him  of  the  50/.  addition  to  his  salary,  he  prayed  while 
it  was  yet  more  than  three  months  to  the  harvest,  that  "  it 
might  not  rain,  and  it  rained  not  for  three  months  after; 
when  some  of  his  friendly  brethren  prevailed  upon  him,  and 
he  "  appointed  and  conscientiously  sanctified  a  church  fast 
from  evening  to  evening  and  abstained  three  meals  ivovaeat- 
ing,  drinking^  and  smoaking  any  thing,"  and  the  Lord,  he 
says,  was  pleased  to  hear,  and  granted  such  plentiful  and 
warm  rains  as  to  produce  "  a  considerable  harvest ;  so  as 
was  then  remarkable."  He  concludes  his  petition  by  im- 
portunately asking  for  justice,  and  expressing  his  firm  be- 
lief that,  after  he  had  obtained  it^  God  will  be  entreated  for 
the  land  in  New-Hampshire.  What  impression  his  petition 
made  upon  the  Assembly,  or  what  answer  it  received,  is  not 
recorded. 

The  Petition  of  Hugh  Adams^  Minister  at  Durham. 
Mai.  ii.  7.  Luk.  x.  16. 

Durhatyj,  May  3,  1738. 
Honourable  Sir. 

This  is  to  request  the  favour  of  His  Excellency  and  Your 
Honour,  That  my  nomination  of  two  persons  for  commis- 
sioners of  the  peace,  may  be  granted  ;  Namely :  for  Mr.  Jo- 
seph Drew  in  the  town  of  Durham,  and  for  Captain  Edward 
Hall  in  the  parish  of  New-Market  of  Exeter;  Each  of  which 
persons,in  many  years  observation,  I  judge  in  my  conscie/ice 
for  said  office,  of  each  people,  is  the  best  qualified,  accord- 
ing to  those  sacred  characters,  in  Exod.  xviii.  21.  Acts  vi.  3.  • 
Being  each  of  them  able  in  estate  and  understanding  in 
the  law,  in  writing  a  good  hand.  Fearing  GOD  above  the 
most  of  his  neighbors,  A  man  of  truth,  hating  coveteous- 
ness,  Of  an  honest  report,  competently  full  of  the  HOLY 
SPIRIT  and  wisdom;  Having  the  best  rule  of  government 
over  his  own  spirit,  appetites,  and  passions,  humble,  meek, 
medest,  courteous ;  and  resolute  in  his  duty ;  and  wilHng 
therein  to  be  admonished ;  And  likewise  exemplary  in 
Church  communion  and  attendance  in  the  other  ordinances 


jMiscellanies....J^o.  IL  241 

of  the  gospel  OF  CHRIST  THE  PRINCE  of  the  Kings  of 
the  earth,  as  in  Rev.  i.  5.  The  said  town  and  parish,  be- 
ing (too  long  time)  the  majority  of  the  inhabitants  of  each, 
sadly  grown  exceedingly  vicious,  disorderly,  and  unruly, 
especially  on  every  publick  day  and  night  following;  For 
want  of  such  an  overseer  in  said  authority,  to  see  the  good 
laws  of  this  Province  for  regulation  of -such  disorders  duly 
prosecuted :  Which  might  be  (with  A  DIVINE  BLESS- 
ING on  the  consciencious  endeavours  of  such  a  ruler  among 
them)  much  for  the  refoj'ination  of  each  (otherwise  lawless) 
people.  Col.  D in  our  Town  being  now  doting,  super- 
annuated, selfish,  covetous,  and  partial,  utterly  unquali- 
fied for  such  an  office  any  longer ;  being  grown  so  old  and 
foolish,  that  he  will  be  no  more  admonished:  As  contempti- 
bly characterized,  in  Eccle.  iv.  13. 

Which  (that  THE  NAME  of  our  LORD  JESUS  CHRIST 
may  be  GLORIFIED  in  them,  as  in  II.  Thess.  i.  12:  And 
the  people's  welfare  may  be  promoted)  is  the  earnest  peti- 
tion of  a  sincere  Minister  OF  CHRIST. 

HUGH  ADAMS. 


A    DECLARATIVE    AGREEMENT 

Made  and  conjirmed  hj  Hugh  A  dams  ^  Clerks.  Minister  of 
CHRIST,  and  Pastor  of  HIS  Church  at  Durham,  in  the  Pro- 
vince  of  New-Hampshire  in  Nezo  England. 

To's  Excellency  the  Governour,  and  their  Honours  of  his 
Majesty's  Council,  which  may  legally  constitute  and  judge 
in  the  Court  of  Appeals  for  Equity,  at  Portsmouth,  in  Ju- 
ly next,  by  adjournment  trom  the  second  Tuesday  in  May, 
1738.  For  determining  the  case  of  said  Minister  Appel- 
lant, already  passed  through  the  other  two  Courts  of  the 
Law. 

Is  as  followelh,  viz. 

Forasmuch,  as  the  most  Holy  and  Righteous  Patriarch  Jo- 
seph (under  the  infallible  inspiration  of  THE  HOLY- 
GHOST)  made  it  a  law  unto  this  day,  that  Pharaoh  should 
have  the  Fifth  part,  as  it's  written  in  Gen.  xlvii.  26:  i.  e.  as 
1  am  fully  perswaded  in  my  own  mind  and  conscience  that 
when  any  King's  Representatives  in  his  Court  of  Equity,  do 
and  shall  judge  any  case  therein  according  to  good  con- 
science :  The  Fifth  part  of  the  sum  justly  granted  in  their 
decisive  judgment :  Should  be  thus  distributively  remunera- 
ted. As  in  this  case  appealed  for,  of  1858/.  The  5th  part 
31 


242  Miscellames ?Vo.  11. 

whereof  is  371/.  12.f.  Whereof  the  71/.  12s.  for  defraying 
all  the  charges  of  the  three  Courts,  Attorneys  and  other  ol- 
ficers'  fees :  The  remainder  300/.  thus  to  be  distributed.  200/. 
to  the  Governour  or  Commander  in  Chief,  and  the  100/. 
pounds,  40/.  pounds  thereof  to  the  Honourable  Secrettrj ; 
and  20/.  to  each  of  the  three  Councillors  (that  are  the  nja- 
jority  of  the  five)  which  may  equitably  judge  in  said  case. 
Col.  Walton  by  affinity  beeing  related  to  the  case  doubly  on 
the  appellee  side,  being  justly  exceptionable  to  nie.  And 
George  Jaftreyand  Joshua  Pierce,  Esquires,  disaffected  from 
any  favour  towards  me,  (as  I  perceive)  •,  Since  my  subscri* 
bing  as  one  of  the  Ministers  of  this  Province  aforesaid,  for 
Governour  Belchers  continuance  in  the  government  thereof 
the  Chief:  The  three  other  remaining  of  the  Council  impar- 
tially to  be  judges  in  my  case  at   said   Court,    being   (if  Fra 

rightly  inform'd) Odiorn,  Esquire,  Lt.  Col.  Joseph 

Sherburn,  Esquire,  and  Captn,  Ellice  Huske,  Esquire,  to  be 
each  of  their  Honour's  ensured  with  the  said  20/.,  for  Grat- 
ification Avhen  Concurring  in  their  judgment  of  the  sum 
total  of  said  case,  and  all  tlic  just  cost  for  said  appellant. 
And  not  as  a  bribe,  is  intended  any  part  of  said  Fifth;  But  a 
just  tribute,  For  Equitable  judgment  as  required  by  the  Su- ; 
preme  JUDGE,  As  written  in  Rom.  xiii.  4,  6.  And  upon  con- 
dition of  such  a  grant  in  the  judgment  of  said  Court  of  con- 
science ;  That  the  said  appellant  may  have  the  reasonable 
liberty,  of  directing  the  Shcrriff  in  levying  the  execution  of 
the  Equitable  judgment,  Upon  the  most  blameable  and  able 
persons  (or  their  estates)  which  have  wilfully  and  unjustly 
occasioned  such  prosecution  of  said  case;  and  that  the  innor^v 
cent  therein  may  suffer  no  wrong. 

To  the  which  agreement  abovesaid,  1,  the  said  Hugh  Ad- 
ams, Appellant,  For  My  Self,  My  Heires,  Executors,  Admin- 
istrators, And  certain  Attorneys  ;  Do  hereby  promise,  grant 
and  agree,  unto  each  of  the  said  Court  of  Equity,  as  above 
expressly  specified.  His  Heires  and  Assigns  each  said  sum 
respectively;  as  soon  as  possible  (after  the  so  just  recovery 
thereof,  As  so  sacredly  warranted  in  said  Rom.  xiii.  4.)  To 
be  then  faithfully  paid  unto  him  or  his  order  without  fraud  or 
delay,  in  each  full  sum  as  appropriativcly  signified.  As  Avit- 
ness  my  own  Hand  and  Seal,  on  Tuesday,  May  the  third,  in 
the  eleventh  year  of  the  Reign  of  His  Majesty  King  George 
the  second;  Annoque  DOMINI,  1738. 

HUGH  ADAMS. 

Signed,  sealed,  &  delivered, 
in  the  presence  af 

Stephen  Glasier,  and  Eliphalet  Daniell, 


MisceUanies....J^o.  II.  243 

P.  S.  This  Instrument  is  refeiT'd  to  your  Honour's  wis- 
t3om,  for  the  communication  ot"  the  contents  thereof,  only  to 
the  Commander  in  Chief,  and  to  each  of  the  said  three 
Councillors,  so  far  as  may  concern  either  of  them.  But  to 
he  conceal'd  prudently  from  every  other  hving  person. 
VV^hich  gratuitj',  if  either  of  them  decline  from  accejttancc 
ilicrcof  in  my  favour;  And  nevertheless  concurr  in  the  fnll 
judgment  of  my  honest  case :  Then  the  said  sum  respect' 
iveiy  is  hereby  transferred  to  your  Honour's  propriety,  for 
rccompencing  your  late  favour  to  me,  and  in  such  a  meas- 
ure towards  rccompencing  your  loss  by  fire.  As  assigned 
by  the  said  Appellant.     ^  HUGH  ADAMS. 


The  First  Church  in  Plymouth.  In  the  formation  of  the 
first  church  in  Plymouth,  which  was  the  first  in  New-Eng- 
land, a  constitution  was  adojUed,  called  the  covenant.  This 
instrument  was  very  simple  in  its  design  and  language,,  ex- 
pressing their  obligations  and  renewed  engagements  to  their 
Maker  and  to  each  other.  New  members  acknowledged 
the  Covenant,  and  promised  to  act  in  conformity  to  all  the 
requirements  of  the  gospel.  Such  was  the  practice  of  the 
Plymouth  church  for  175  years.  In  1795,  Rev.  Dr.  Rob- 
bins,  then  past  r,  in  concurrence  with  the  church,  introdu- 
ced a  creed,  which  has  been  in  use  till  the  present  year. 
In  July,  at  a  church  meeting,  it  was  voted  nem.  con.  to  make 
no  farther  use  of  the  creed,  but  to  adhere  to  their  first  love. 

Old  Colony  Memorial. 


In  Sept.  1 798,  a  malignant  fever  prevailed  at  Portsmouth  ; 
53  died,  and  41  recovered  of  those  who  were  attacked  by 
it.  During  the  same  time,  52  died  of  various  other  disor- 
ders. This  season  a  most  destroying  fever  prevailed  in 
Philadelphia  and  New- York,  iiundreds  dying  in  a  week. 
Deaths  in  Philadelphia,  Aug.  8  to  Oct.  3,  2773;  whole  num- 
ber in  1798 — 3146!  in  1793,  during  the  same  time,  there 
died  of  the  yellow  fever  in  that  city,  1847;  whole  number 
in  1793,  3952.  In  this  year,  about  l-4th  of  the  inhabitants 
removed  ;  while  in  1798,  nearly  7-8ths  abandoned  the  city. 

A  meeting-house  in  Boscawen  was  burnt  Feb.  7,  1798,  by 
an  incendiary. 

The  brick  market-house  at  Portsmouth,  was  built  in  1800. 

A  violent  tornado  passed  over  Reading,  Ms.  in  June,  1800, 
demolishing  houses,  barns,  &c.  but  fortunately  no  lives  were 
lost. 


(  244) 

FOR    THE   HISTORICAL    COLLECTIONS. 


LONGEVITY. 

Of  all  the  complaints  made  by  man,  against  the  order  of  , 
nature  and  the  constitution  of  the  world,  there  are  l3ut  few 
that  have  been  more  general  than  those  respecting  the  brev 
■ity  of  human  life.  In  all  ages  of  the  Avorld,  except  the  an- 
tedeluvian,  of  which  we  know  little,  men  have  exclaimed 
that  their  days  have  been  few  and  evil.  Though  they  have  dis- 
covered strong  attachments  to  life,  and  much  anxiety  to  pro- . 
long  it,  they  have  neglected  the  means  requisite  to  attain 
the  object.  Of  the  vast  number  of  books  annually  printed, 
more  have  been  written  for  the  purpose  of  teaching  the  art 
to  destroy^  than  to  preserve  life.  It  is  a  subject  of  regret, 
that  we  are  not  better  furnished  with  more  of  the  biogra- 
phy of  those  Avho  have  lived  to  extreme  old  age,  particular- 
ly in  relation  to  their  parentage,  diet,  regimen,  exercise  and 
occupation.  A  work  of  this  kind,  well  executed  and  ex- 
tending to  the  great  variety  of  cases  which  have  occurred, 
would  enable  us  to  ascertain  the  principal  causes  which 
have  contributed  to  long  life. 

In  the  course  of  my  reading  for  several  years,  I  have  no- 
ted the  name,  residence,  and  age  of  old  persons  who  have 
died  in  the  United  States.  My  list  as  to  the  number  is  in- 
complete, and  for  want  of  information  will  always  remain 
so.  It  includes  only  those  who  w^ere  ninety  years  of  age 
and  upwards  ;  the  whole  number  is  2080,  one  of  whom  liv- 
ed to  iht  advanced  age  of  150  years.  Of  this  number,  10  23 
were  men,  and  1037  women.  The  smallest  number  died  in 
the  months  of  May,  June  and  August,  but  the  greatest  num- 
ber in  January,  February  and  March — in  January  nearly 
four  times  as  many  as  in  June. 

I  do  not  possess  a  sufficient  number  of  facts  to  state  with 
precision  the  various  causes  which  promote  or  retard  lon- 
gevity. I  will,  however,  express  some  facts  and  my  opin- 
ion upon  some  of  them,  and  leave  the  subject  lo  those 
whose  profession  and  business  is  more  intimately  connected 
with  it. 

Long  life  docs  not  depend  upon  any  particular  climate  or 
region  of  the  globe,  though  some  are  more  favorable  to  it 
than  others.  The  human  constitution  is  adapted  to  all  cli- 
mates ;  and  instances  of  longevity  have  occurred  in  every 
country  where  men  have  lived,     in  this  respect  man  is  un- 


On  Longevitij.  24 Tj 

like  some  other  species  of  animals,  who  can  live  only  in 
particular  latitudes. 

Men  usually  live  longer  in  the  country  than  the  ci(y. 
The  air,  cxci'cise  and  modes  of  livinsj  in  the  country  are 
lietter  suited  to  their  nature,  than  in  cities  crowded  with  a 
<lense  population.  Of  the  instances  of  longer ity  which  1 
have  met  with,  particularly  those  who  have  lived  more  than 
a  century,  a  large  majon'fi/  of  them  removed  from  the  place 
of  their  nativity  and  lived  in  other  places. 

Longevity  is  in  a  great  measure  hereditary.  Healthy, 
long-lived  parents  would,  I  think,  usually  transmit  long  life 
to  their  children,  if  they  would  avoid  gross  errors.  To  this 
rule  there  are  but  very  few  exceptions  ;  and  I  could  cite  nu- 
merous cases  in  support  of  it.  I  will  mention  only  two  thaf 
have  occurred  within  my  own  knowlcdije.  The  one  is  that 
of  a  man  who  had  twelve  children  by  one  wife  :  the  ages  of 
all  his  children,  though  one  of  them  is  still  living,  averages 
more  than  seventy-three  years.  The  other  is  a  family  of 
seven  children,  one  of  whom  is  also  alive,  whose  average 
age  exceeds  eighty  years.  But  as  to  the  children  of  un- 
healthy parents,  I  have  known  three  successive  generations 
descended  from  one  family,  whose  average  age  was  less 
than  thirty-four  3^ears. 

Early  rising  contributes  much  to  long  life  ;  many  of  those 
who  lived  long  practised  it,  and  found  the  morning  air  in- 
vigorating and  healthy.  Early  rising  not  only  tends  to  pro- 
tract the  number  of  our  years,  but  it  increases  the  length  of 
each  :  for  every  hour  we  sleep  more  than  is  necessary  is  so 
much  time  deducted  from  the  year,  and,  in  fact,  is  worse 
than  lost. 

Labor  and  exercise  have  a  natural  tendency  to  prolong 
human  life.  Man  was  formed  for  action  ;  and  much  of  his 
happiness  consists  in  performing  it.  He  who  is  inured  to 
robust  exercise  and  the  inclemency  of  the  seasons,  imparts 
vigor  and  health  to  his  constitution.  It  is  in  this  class  of 
peo))le  that  by  far  the  greatest  number  of  aged  people  are 
found.  Few  men  who  spend  their  time  in  case  and  indo- 
lence live  to  old  age,  whilst  many  who  perform  much  labor, 
bear  great  fatigue,  and  sufler  many  hardships  and  depriva- 
tions, live  long  ;  but  severe  fatigue  in  early  life  too  often  sub- 
jects man  to  premature  disease  and  death. 

The  ills  of  povertj''  are  less  fatal  to  human  life  than 
the  dainties  and  luxury  of  wealth.  There  are  more  of  the 
poor  than  of  the  rich,  in  proportion  to  their  respective  num- 
bers, who  live  to  be  old. 

Temperance  has  a  natural  and  powerful  tendency  to  pro- 


246  On  Longevity. 

long  the  life  of  man.  An  immoderate  use  of  ardent  and 
vinous  liquors  extinguishes  life  ;  but  small  potions  of  it  ta- 
ken at  particular  times  and  seasons  is  a  cordial,  which  im- 
parts new  life  and  vigor  to  the  system.  Early  intemper- 
ance usually  terminates  in  death  before  the  man  is  fifty  ; 
and,  indeed,  excessive  pleasures  of  every  kind  in  early  life 
are  peculiarly  fatal.  Hard-drinkers,  though  they  commence 
the  practice  in  middle-life  seldom  attain  old  age  ;  the  few 
instances,  that  have  existed  to  the  contrary,  but  serve  to 
prove  the  truth  of  the  remark. 

Temperance  in  diet  and  regimen  is  necessary  to  preserve 
long  life.  Plain,  homely  repasts,  ate  only  when  appetite  or 
himger  dictates,  are  vastly  preferable  to  all  others.  1  have 
known  gluttons  exclaim  with  horror  and  indignation  against 
drunkards  and  tipplers ;  and  yet  gluttony  is  as  fatal  to  life 
as  inebriety.  The  victims  of  gluttony  are  more  numerous 
than  people  imagine  ;  and  it  is  an  evil  which  those  who  wish 
for  long  life  should  studiously  avoid.  Gluttons  live  for  the 
sake  of  eating — and  their  ""  belly  is  their  God." 

An  easy,  mild,  and  quiet  temper  prolongs  life ;  but  a 
peevish,  fretful,  and  irritable  disposition  destroys  it.  Many 
who  have  exceeded  the  usual  term  of  human  life,  were  re- 
markable for  the  mildness  of  their  temper. 

Men  of  all  professions,  and  of  most,  though  not  all  occu- 
pations, have  lived  long.  The  neglect  of  exercise  is,  per- 
haps, the  greatest  error  which  sedentary  persons  commit. 
It  should  be  an  object  with  them  not  only  to  increase  their 
exercise,  but  to  devise  such  as  will  directly  promote  their 
own  interest  and  that  of  others.  They  would  then  have 
more  than  one  motive  to  perform  it,  and  of  course  would  do 
it  more  effectually.  Those  whose  time  is  devoted  to  labor  up- 
on lead,  tin,  and  some  other  minerals  are  of  all  occupations 
engaged  in  that  the  most  unfavorable  to  health  and  long  life. 

Of  literary  and  professional  men,  merchants,  manufactur- 
ers, and  mechanics,  there  appear  to  be  fewer,  in  proportion 
to  their  relative  numbers,  who  have  attained  longevity,  than 
of  the  other  classes  in  society. 

For  most  of  the  diseases  to  which  human  nature  is  inci- 
dent, the  herbs  and  roots  of  our  country  afford  a  safer  and 
more  efficient  remedy,  than  the  drugs  of  the  apothecary. 
Many  of  those  who  lived  longest  were  least  acquainted  with 
physicians ;  nature  and  time,  good  nursing  and  attention, 
-relieved  them  from  their  complaints.  But  those  who  con- 
vert their  bodies  into  medicine  chests,  seldom  enjoy  health,  or 
live  to  old  age.  CINCINNATUS. 

July  18,  r823. 


(  247  ) 


Solomon  Southwick,  Esq.  of  Albany,  proposes  to  publish 
a  poem  to  be  entitled  "  The  Pleasures  of  Poverty^''  the  price 
not  to  exceed  50  cents.  Mr.  S.  has  long  been  known  as  a 
writer  of  considerable  merit ;  and  we  hope  he  will  receive 
extensive  patronage.  The  })Oor  should  subscribe,  for  pre- 
sent comfort ;  and  the  rich  also,  for  they  know  not  how  soon 
they  may  v/ant  some  consolation  of  the  kind. 


United  States  Law  Journal  and  Civilian's  Magazine. — 
The  fourth  No.  of  this  valuable  miscellany  is  just  received ; 
and  contains  among  other  things  a  review  of  the  first  volume 
of  N.  H.  Reports.  The  review  is  quite  favorable  to  the 
work,  and  the  principal  fault  to  be  discovered,  is  similar  to 
that  urged  by  the  writer  against  some  cases  in  the  Reports, 
that  is : — it  is  too  long — occupying  no  less  than  26  close  pa- 
ges.    The  reviewer  saj's — 

"  With  the  exception  of  being  now  and  then  a  little  too 
long^  the  cases  contained  in  the  volume  before  us,  are  well 
reported  ;  the  statements  of  facts  are  clear  and  coHcise ; 
the  arguments  of  counsel  are  sparingly  given,  and  the  opin- 
ions of  the  judges  contain  a  great  deal  of  good  sense,  and 
strong  reasoning;  and  what  especially  recommends  them  to 
ns,  they  are  wholly  free  from  all  affectation  and  parade  of 
learning.  The  judges  of  New-Hampshire  appear  "  to  be 
straight  forward  business  men,  and  are  contented  with  the 
possession  ot  knowledge,  without  idly  and  ostentatiously 
displaying  it,  upon  occasions  which  do  not  call  for  it,  and 
where  it  can  be  of  no  possible  use." 

The  reviewer  then  proceeds  to  point  out  the  few  errors 
he  conceives  to  be  embraced  in  the  work  ;  though  he  cor- 
dially assents  to  most  of  the  doctrines  laid  down  by  the 
court.  These  are  contained  in  the  cases  Thompson  xs.  Ward, 
and  Peirce  et  ah  vs.  Rowe :  the  reviewer  thinks  the  former 
would  not  be  good  law  in  England ;  and  this  is  admitted  by 
the  court.  But  Judge  Bell  founds  the  correctness  of  his 
opinion  upon  former  practice  and  immemorial  usage  in  this 
State.  Of  the  latter,  the  reviewer  holds  that  compound  in- 
terest is  not  legal,  though  contracted  for.  That  case,  if  we 
understand  it,  does  not  decide  the  contrary — though  few 
doubt  it  might  well  have  done  so.     These  errors,  then,  are 


248  Literary  J^otices. 

matters  of  opinion ;  and  when  we  discover  in  the  critic 
some  unwary  symptoms  of  ignorance  even  of  the  law  he  un- 
dertakes to  expound — might  we  not  well  doubt  the  covrect- 
ness  of  his  opinions  on  the  cases  he  deems  exceptionable  ? 
But  we  have  no  fault  to  find  with  the  reviewer:  his  journal 
is  a  very  valuable  work,  and  his  notice  is  upon  the  whole 
very  flattering,  and  would  tend  to  confirm  the  good  opinion 
entertained  by  the  profession  generally  of  the  Kc-dc-Hamp- 
shirc  Reports, 

(^  A  second  volume  of  the  Reports  will  be  published  by 
J.  B.  Moore  and  H.  Gray  &  Co.,  as  soon  as  consistent  with 
its  careful  execution.  It  will  contain  between  400  and  500 
pages,  printed  in  a  style  superior  to  that  of  the  first  volume. 


A  little  work  has  just  issued  from  the  press  at  Exeter, 
€ntitled,"  A  Book  for  New-Hampshire  Children,  in  familiar 
letters  from  a  Father,''''  Its  design  is  to  furnish  children  with 
a  book  well  calculated  to  learn  them  to  read — to  give  them 
an  early  taste  for  reading,  by  presenting,  in  the  most  easy 
and  familiar  language,  a  variety  of  subjects  which  will  be 
interesting  to  them — and  to  supplant  the  use  of  the  numer- 
ous foolish  story  books,  which  answer  no  valuable  purpose, 
except  to  teach  children  to  call  words  at  sight,  without  un- 
derstanding their  import,  and  have  often  the  bad  effect  of 
giving  them  a  distaste  for  books  of  sober  and  useful  know- 
ledge. The  acquaintance  of  the  author  with  the  business 
of  instruction,  and  his  deep  insight  into  the  human  charac- 
ter, cjualify  him  for  almost  any  task ;  and,  having  made  a 
good  beginning,  we  hope  he  may  be  encouraged  to  supply 
other  palpable  deficiencies  in  our  books  of  instruction  in  el- 
ementary knowledge. 


Now  in  press,  and  will  be  published  in  a  few  days  by 
J.  B.  Moore,  "  The  Genius  of  Oblivion^  and  other  Original  Po- 
em5,"  by  a  Lady  of  N.  H.  Persons  holding  subscription 
papers  are  invited  immediately  to  return  them  to  the  pub- 
lisher. 


Nero  School  Book. — Mr.  Prentiss,  Keene,  has  just  publish- 
ed a  school  book,  entitled  "  Easy  Lessons  in  Reading,  for  ihc> 
use  of  the  younger  classes  in  common  schools, — by  JosHi  a 
Leavitt."  Its  design,  which  is  to  provide  an  intermediate 
reading  book  between  the  Spclhng-Book  and  English  or 
Historical  Reader,  seems   to  be  a  good  one  ;  and  its  confor- 


Strictures  on  a  Review,  ^c.  249 

mity  to  the  principles  of  Walker  in  elocution,  &c.  is  no 
mean  recommendation.  As  Walker  has  become  the  ac- 
knowledged standard  of  English  pronunciation,  no  book 
should  be  introduced  or  used  in  our  schools  teaching  diller- 
ent  principles.  The  little  book  before  us'  appears  to  have 
been  caretuUy  compiled,  is  very  neatly  printed,  and  will, 
we  doubt  not,  prove  very  useful. 


FOR   THE    LITERARY    JOURNAL. 


Strictures  on  a  Review  of  "  The  Ncm-Hampshire  Agricultural 
Repository,  No.  /.  Published  hy  the  Board  of  Agriculture. 
Concord,  N.  H.,  J.  B.  Moore,     pp.  135." 

Reviews  of  publications,  when  executed  with  ability,  have 
produced  good  effects.  They  have  exposed  errors,  which 
might  have  been  pernicious ;  and  they  have  inspired  wri- 
ters with  a  caution,  which  has  improved  their  style,  and 
suppressed  many  incorrect  opinions,  that  might,  otlierwise, 
have  been  obtruded  upon  the  public.  If  authors  expect 
that  their  productions  will  undergo  a  complete  analysis,  they 
will  be  careful  of  what  ingredients  they  make  their  compo- 
sition. After  they  have  made  their  best  efforts,  they  are  un- 
conscious of  many  defects ;  and  where  their  errors  are  ex- 
posed to  their  view  by  a  skilful  hand,  they  receive  an  im- 
portant benefit.  One,  who  reviews  publications,  assumes 
ground  somewhat  elevated  ;  and  it  is  justly  expected  that 
he  win  not  only  be  free  from  the  faults  which  he  criminates, 
but  that  he  be  well  fortitied,  in  all  respects,  against  the  ani- 
madversions of  those,  who  may  presume  to  use  his  liberty. 
It  is  justly  expected  that  he  will  exemplify  the  rules  and 
principles,  which  he  advocates;  exhibit  a  good  model  of 
style;  be  sound  in  his  rra-oning;  and  judicious  in  his  re- 
marks. When  he  is  compelled  to  use  in  good  earnest,  the 
two-edged  knife  of  criticism,  it  is  desirable  that  he  have  it 
well  polished ;  iis  edge  well  set ;  and  when  he  applies  it  to 
his  subject,  he  should  not  be  mangled,  but  enjoy  a  luxury  in 
feeling  the   wound. 

The  writer  of  this  paper  was  led  to  this  train  of  remarks 
by  reading  a  review  of  the  "  New-Hampshire  Agricultural 
Repository."  This  review,  though  not  destitute  of  compli- 
ments on  some  parts  of  the  work,  is  on  the  whole  cnlcniated, 
as  far  as  it  has  influence,  to  bring  the  Agricultural  Bonrd  of 
32 


^30  Strictures  on  a  Review,  <^c. 

the  State,  and  their  first  production  into  disrepute.  For 
who  would  have  confidence  in  the  theoretical,  or  practical 
knowledge  of  men  on  husbandry,  who  are  ignorant  of  the 
dialect  of  their  own  language,  and  know  not  the  diflerence 
between  fermented  and  unfermented  manure ;  and  "  have 
frequented  our  free  schools  in  vain  ?""  If  the  Avriter  of  the 
review  was  not  hostile  to  the  existence  of  the  Board,  he  was 
very  injudicious  in  aspersing,  at  this  junciure,  their  first  pub- 
lic etforts  for  the  promotion  of  Agriculture. 

The  first  objection,  which  appears  in  the  review  is  against 
the  appendage  of  "  the  address  of  the  Rev.  Mr.  Moore,  of 
Milford,  before  the  county  Agricultural  Society  of  Hillsbor- 
ough." The  mind  of  the  waiter  of  the  review  appears  to 
be  much  disturbed  to  find  this  appendage  to  the  Repository, 
He  expresses  a  mixture  of  feelings,  which  it  is  unpleasant  to 
witness.  He  considers  it  a  gross  impropriety,  and  a  trespass 
upon  the  public  money  for  the  Board  to  defray  the  expense  of 
printing  this  excrescence.  He  protests  against  it  with  no  small 
degree  of  severity  for  the  following  reasons,  that  the  address 
contains  moral  and  religious  information;  that  it  possesses* 
only  a  temporary  interest,  and,  by  implication,  that  it  has  no 
more  natural  connexion  with  the  rest  of  the  book,  than  "  a 
fourth  of  July  oration"  with  "  a  collection  of  facts  and  es- 
says on  the  climate  of  our  country."  Whether  the  author  of 
the  address  treated  "  a  common  topic  in  a  very  common 
manner;"  whether  it  is  "  well  enough  in  its  place;"  and 
ought  to  be  "  bound"  fast  "  by  itself,"  are  questions  of  no 
importance  in  this  place.  Were  the  writers  of  the  Reposi- 
tory Atheists  or  Deists,  and  had  they  oflered  their  pubhca- 
tion  to  a  Pagan  community,  they  would  have  made  no  mor- 
al and  religious  reflections  from  their  subject,  nor  attempted 
to  have  made  any  serious  impressions  upon  the  minds  of 
the  people  at  large.  But  it  is  ardently  hoped  that  the  Board 
never  will  be  composed  of  men,  Avho  consider  the  great 
moral  and  religious  principles,  which  bind  man  to  his  fel- 
low beings,  and  them  to  their  Creator,  possessing  "  only  a 
temporary  interest."  Let  our  farmers  cultivate  their  fields  in 
the  best  manner,  become  acquainted  with  the  physiology  of 
vegetables,  and  the  component  parts  of  soils,  and  their  adap- 
tation to  each  other;  let  them  make  the  greatest  possible 
improvements  in  their  art ;  but  if  they  are  not  led  seriously 
to  reflect  on  the  connexion  of  creatures  with  their  Creator, 
the  laws  of  nature  with  the  author  of  the  universe,  and  on 
their  final  destination,  they  are  but  a  superior  grade  of  grub- 
worms,  which  infest  the  great  field  of  the  world. 

The  writer  of  the  review  goes  upon  the   assumption  that 


Strictures  on  a  Review,  i^c.  251 

the  address  has  no  connexion  with  the  rest  of  the  Reposi- 
tory. U  this  were  true,  the  objection  would  be  weighty. 
No  person  would  expect  to  iind  an  essay  on  the  evidences 
of  Christianity,  on  ethicks,  or  on  a  particular  doctrine  of  the 
Scriptures,  appended,  or  tacked  to  an  Agricultural  Repository. 
But  there  is  an  essential  diflerence  between  this  and  the  case 
under  consideration.  The  arts,  especially  the  art  of  Agri- 
culture, have  a  moral  and  religious  influence  upon  society  ; 
and  it  is  sincerely  wished  that  it  may  have  much  greater. 
The  cultivation  of  fields  and  the  rearing  of  stock  have  a 
tendency  to  lead  the  mind  of  the  farmer  to  observe  the  laws 
of  Nature  ;  and  from  thence  to  notice  the  sustaining  and 
governing  power  of  the  Creator.  It  is  believed  that  this 
view  has  produced  a  most  happy  effect  upon  the  minds  of 
many.  There  is  an  established  connexion  between  the  nat- 
ural and  moral  world;  and  it  is  not  unphilosophical  to  rea- 
son from  the  former  to  the  latter,  or  to  use  one  to  improve 
the  other.  A  divine  can  draw  arguments  and  motives  from 
Christianity  to  improve  the  art  of  husbandry;  and  an  agricul- 
turalist can,  without  crucible  and  retort,  extract  moral  and 
religious  information  from  the  ground  he  cultivates.  There 
is  as  rmich  (not  the  same)  affinity  between  agriculture  and  re- 
ligion, as  there  is  between  chymistry  and  agriculture.  If  a 
chymist,  after  investigating  the  properties  of  matter,  may 
apply  his  knowledge  to  the  improvement  of  agriculture,  a 
farmer  may  improve  upon  his  method,  and  turn  both  chym- 
istry and  agriculture  to  the  benefit  of  religion.  These  ob- 
servations are  made  to  show  that  there  is  no  want  of  natur- 
al connexion,  no  discrepancy  of  the  parts  of  the  Repositor}- ; 
and  if  the  Board,  in  a  few  pages,  have  ventured  to  rise 
above  the  ground  to  draw  the  attention  of  people  to  objects 
more  elevated,  it  is  beheved  that  it  will  not  be  consic!ered, 
by  the  christian  public,  to  be  an  unpardonable  transgr^  ssion. 
The  author  of  the  review  speaks  in  high  terms  of  com- 
mendation of  the  New-England  Farmer  and  the  American 
Farmer,  "  exclusrcelif  (says  he)  "  devoted  to  this  subject." 
This  is  not  correct.  In  some  of  those  papers  may  be  found 
an  eighth  part  devoted  to  miscellaneous  matters,  viz.  riots, 
negro  plots,  poor  laws,  milk  maid  and  the  banker,  canals, 
addresses,  &,c.  &.c.  and  in  some  instances,  religious  subjects. 
It  is  no  disparagement  to  the  "  Memoirs  of  the  Board  of  Ag- 
riculture for  the  State  of  New- York,"  that  a  vein  of  serious 
reflections  runs  through  a  considerable  part  of  the  volume. 
But,  alas!  the  New-Hampshire  Agricultural  Repository 
must  be  "  shaven  and  shorn"  till  it  is  freed  from  its  moral 
and  religious  improvement ! 


252  ,  Strictures  on  a  Review,  ^c. 

In  the  review  it  is  asserted,  "  No  notice  of  the  mo!>t  capita! 
defect  of  our  husbandry  is  found  in  this  address  ;"  (intro- 
ductory address.)  "  We  refer  to  tite  attempt  to  cultivate  too 
muck  land.'''  This  is  not  true.  On  page  62,  of  the  N.  H. 
Ag.  Repos.,  this  error  is  noticed  ;  and  the  necessity  of  tho- 
rough culture  distinctly  pointed  out.  Why  was  this  misrep- 
resentation ? 

In  the  review,  the  writer  of  the  introductory  address  is 
charged  with  "  a  carelessness  in  introducing  words,  which 
do  not  belong  totheEngUsh  language, as  "progressed,"  "illy, 
&c."  How  many  words  of  this  description  are  embraced 
in  the  "  &:c,"  it  is  uncertain.  But  the  words  mentioned  de- 
mand notice.  "  Progressed"*  is  an  English  word,  acknowl- 
edged to  be  such  by  the  best  of  Lexicographers,  and  used 
by  writers  of  classick  taste.  Objection  to  this  word  is  un- 
accountable !  "  Illy"  is  not  founded  on  the  same  authority ; 
but  it  is  a  legitimate  derivation  from  ill.  The  writer  of  the 
introduction  of  the  N.  H.  Ag.  Repos.  is  not  ignorant  that  he 
has,  in  this  instance,  added  y  to  the  common  usage.  He 
preferred  the  word  "  illy,"  because  it  is  in  the  common  and 
regular  form  of  adverbs,  and  because  it  gives  a  greater  ease 
in  pronouncing  a  sentence,  of  which  it  is  a  part,  and  adds 
much  to  euphony  in  reading.!  By  this  liberty,  governed  by 
judgment  and  taste,  the  English  language  has  been,  within 
the  last  century,  greatly  improved  ;  and  by  the  same  liber- 
ty, not  abused,  it  will  rise  to  a  much  higher  degree  of 
perfection. 

It  is  proper  in  this  place  to  apply  the  retort.  By  what  au- 
thority does  the  writer  of  the  review  use  the  word  "enquiry  ?" 
Its  etymology  and  the  best  of  dictionaries  require  that  it  be 
spelled  inquiry.  By  what  authority  does  he  use  the  Avord 
'•  artisan?"  If  he  consults  his  dictionary,  he  will  find  that 
it  ought  to  be  written,  artisan.  By  what  authority  does  he 
use  the  word  "  mechanzsi  ?"  Mechanick  and  mechanician 
are  English  words;  but  where  does  he  find  the  word  "  me- 
chanist?" If  he  departs  from  common  usage  for  the  pur- 
pose of  improving  our  language,  he  has  the  same  liberty  as 
other  men.  The  review,  though  written  with  a  good  degree 
of  ability,  is  liable  to  reprehension  in  the  structure  of  some 

\^Progress,  as  a  verb.has  been  much  used  in  this  country  for  the  last  thirty  years; 
but  it  has  been  condemned  by  the  English,  and  by  the  best  American  writers. 
For  remarks  on  this  word,  our  readers  are  referred  to  Pickering's  Vocabulary. — 
Editors.] 

\\Illy  is  not  to  be  found  in  the  English  dictionaries,  says  Mr.Pickering,  nor  is  it 
now  used  by  English  authors  ;  the  word  ill  (like  well)  being  always  employed  by 
them  bcth  asana(fe«r6  indi  adjective. — Ed8.] 


Strictures  on  a  Revie7v^  ($^c.  253 

sentences,  and  the  incorrect  use  of  some  words.  These 
criticisms  would  not  have  been  made,  had  it  not  been  to 
convey  this  caution,  that  he,  who  throws  stones  at  another 
ought  to  secure  his  own  head. 

In  the  review  of  the  essay  on  manure,  the  writer  expres- 
ses his  belief  that  the  method  prescribed  for  making  com- 
post manure  will  prevent  fermentation.  He  accuses  the  au- 
thor of  the  essay  of  "  gross  ignorance  of  chymistrj^,  and  of 
the  very  first  principles  of  the  application  of  manures,"  and 
of  "  grievous  theoretical  blunders."  He  adds,  "  carbon  is 
totall}'  insoluble  in  water,  nor  have  we  any  evidence  that  it 
is  ever  received  into  the  vessels  of  plants  except  in  the  state 
of  carbonic  acid,  or  carbonic  oxide."  Without  pleading 
for  the  knowledge  of  the  author  of  the  essay,  or  acknowl- 
edging, or  defending  his  ignorance,  some  authorities  will  be 
adduced.  "  Lord  Meadowbank  was  the  first  individual  in 
this  country,  who  investigated  the  properties  of  that  species 
of  manure  and  explained  them  on  scientific  principles.  The 
result  is,  thai  one  (on  of  dung  will  ferment  three  tons  of  peat 
or  moss  earth.  This  is  a  most  valuable  discovery."  (Sin- 
clair.) Darwin,speaking  of  carbon,  says,  "as  vegetable  bod- 
ies contain  so  much  of  it  in  their  composition,  they  may  be 
supposed  to  absorb  it  entire,  where  they  grow  vigorously." 
After  making  an  experiment  upon  carbon,  he  came  to  this 
conclusion,  "  which  evinced  that  the  carbon  was  thus  ren- 
dered soluble  in  water."  The  reader  will  perceive  from 
these  quotations  that  there  are  high  authorities  against  the 
confident  assertions  of  the  review.  Other  parts  of  the  re- 
view appear  to  be  reprehensible,  but  they  are  suffered  to 
pass  without  animadversion. 

The  writer  in  the  Repository,  who  has  received  the  most 
censure  and  the  most  praise,  is  not  entirely  indifferent  to  ei- 
ther. But  he  would  say  to  the  young  critick,  as  Balak  said 
to  Balaam,  "Neither  bless  me  at  all,  nor  curse  me  at  all." 
It  is  recommended  to  him,  before  he  essays  another  review, 
to  "  tarry"  at  the  manure  heap,  or  at  his  laboratory,  or  at 
"  Jericho,"  till  his  beard  is  grown.*  It  is  confidently  be- 
lieved, that  if  the  Board  should  continue  to  be  supported  by 
the  munificent  hand  of  the  Legislature,  they  will  use  their 
best  efforts  to  perform  the  duties  of  their  oflicc  without  re- 
gard to  the  crucible  of  criticism,  or  the  retort,  which  emits 
the  oxygen  of  jiraisc  and  the  azote  of  censure. 

*  See  II.  Sam.  x.  6. 


(254) 
THE  COLD  SUMMER  OF  1816. 


for  the  literary  journal. 
Messrs.  Editors, 

In  the  dry  and  cold  summer  of  1816,  in  the  latter  part  ol' 
June,  I  was  informed  that  a  well  about  three  or  four  miles 
distant  was  frozen  in  such  a  manner,  that  no  water  could  be 
obtained  from  it.  On  the  fourth  of  July,  with  some  others, 
I  called  to  ascertain  the  fact ;  and  we  found  it  completely  fro- 
zen over^  and  no  appearance  of  water,  except  perhaps  a 
quart  in  a  small  hole,  which  had  been  cut  in  the  ice.  On 
the  19th  of  the  same  month,  I  called  again  to  examine  it. 
The  ice  had  now  become  detached  from  the  stones,  and 
fallen  down  to  the  water,  which  was  lower  than  when  the 
ice  formed.  The  block  of  ice  at  this  time  was  about  the 
size  of  a  common  wash  tub.  On  the  25th,  I  found  it  had 
all  dissolved.  This  well  is  in  the  town  of  Lyman,  in  the 
county  of  Grafton,  at  the  north-east  corner  of  a  house  be- 
longing to  Daniel  Moulton,  Esq.  occupied  by  Stephen  Smith. 
It  is  situated  on  high  land,  5  or  6  hundred  feet  above  the 
level  of  Connecticut  river,  and  about  3  miles  distant.  The 
depth  of  the  well  is  from  12  to  15  feet ;  and  from  the  sur- 
face of  the  ground  to  the  ice  was  about  8.  It  was  perfectly 
open  the  whole  season,  and  exposed  to  the  action  of  the  at- 
mosphere. 

In  the  same  town,  and  adjoining  Connecticut  river,  is  a 
plain,  which  in  its  natural  state  was  covered  with  pine  and 
hemlock.  This  plain  is  elevated  80  or  100  feet  above  the 
bed  of  the  river.  In  the  year  1815,  about  fifteen  or  twenty 
acres  of  this  timber  was  felled,  and  on  the  3d  day  of  July, 
in  the  following  year  it  was  fired,  and  burnt  in  such  a  man- 
ner that  scarcely  any  small  stuff  was  left.  On  the  10th  day 
of  the  same  month,  I  was  passing  across  said  plain,  and  the 
owner  of  the  burnt  land,  who  was  at  work  thereon,  showed 
me  a  log  which  he  had  just  removed  from  its  bed,  and  which 
was  frozen  down,  about  4  feet  in  length,  and  8  or  10  inches 
in  breadth  ;  I  saw  the  ice  cut  up  with  an  axe,  and  it  appear- 
ed solid  as  in  winter.  There  was  nothing  to  shade  the  spot 
where  the  log  lay,  there  being  no  standing  timber  within  30 
rods  of  it. 

These  facts,  which  may  tend  to  shew  the  extreme  cold  of 
that  season  in  this  vicinity,  are  well  known  to  many  individ- 
uals ;  and  you  are  at  liberty  to  notice  them  in  your  Collec- 
tions. CALEB  EMERY. 

irj/man,  JV*.  H.,  July,  1823. 


(265) 


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"  CONTINENTAL  MONEk ." 

SCALE    OF    DEPRECIATION. 


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6  8  0 
6  8  0 
6  8  0 
6  8  0 

016  8  0 


236  Mortality  in  Epping. 

MORTALITY  IN  EPPING,  N.  H. 

For  the  Ten    Years  preceding  December,  1821. 


Under  the  age 

of  5 

years 

Betw.  55  and  60 

years, 

7 

died 

37 

60  ' 

65 

(( 

7 

Between  5  and  10 

years, 

3 

65  ' 

70 

;c 

10 

10  " 

15 

3 

70  ' 

75 

u 

11 

15  " 

20 

5 

75  ' 

80 

(( 

14 

90  " 

25 

8 

80  ' 

85 

a 

12 

25  « 

30 

3 

85  ' 

•  90 

u 

3 

30  " 

35 

4 

90  ' 

95 

u 

5 

35  " 

40 

5 

Of 

101 

(( 

1 

40  « 

45 

U 

45  « 

50 

7 

161 

50  " 

55 

5 

One  fourth  of  the  number  died  under  10  years  of  age. — 
The  average  age  of  each  person  was  36  years  and  4  month?. 
The  annual   average  number  of  deaths  was  16. 

The  population  of  Epping,  at  different  periods,  has  been 
asfollows,  viz.  1399  in  1783>  1233  in  1790;  1095  in  1798; 
1121  in  1800;  1182  in  1810;  1158  m  1820. 


To  Correspondents. — An  esteemed  friend  at  Portsmoutli  furnished  us  sorac- 
lime  since  with  an  interesting  biographical  sketch  of  the  late  Gov.  Langdon.  Its 
publication  has  been  delayed  in  expectation  of  receiving  some  additional  particu- 
lars from  a  connexion  of  the  family  of  Gov.  L.  We  hope  to  receive  them  in  sea- 
son for  the  biography  to'ippearin  our  next  number. 

Ql^The  gentleman  who  politely  furnished  us  with  a  notice  of  R.  CuSHMAN, 
•ne  of  the  Plymouth  pilgrims,  is  respectfully  requested  to  give  us  some  account  of 
the  descendants  of  Mr.  C.  who  died  in  1691. 

§:;^The  communication  of  our  friend  at  Hallowell  is  received. 

Q:^A  valued  correspondent  has  placed  in  our  hands  an  excellent  article  oa  pen- 
itentiary systems,  which  will  appear  in  a  future  number. 

O:^0ur  friend  at  New- London,  who  requests  us  to  re-publish  an  account  of  the 
Great  W^hirlwind  in  this  State  in  1821,  shall  ere  long  be  gratified — in  the  mean 
time,  he  is  desired  to  furnish  us  any  additional  facts  relating  to  that  dreadful  torna- 
do which  may  have  come  to  his  knowledge. 


SEPTEMBER,  1823. 


FOR    THE    LITERARY    JOURNAL. 


Principles  of  Geology,  or  the  History  of  Opinions  concerning 
titp  Origin  and  Formation  of  the  World.  Collected  from 
various  Authors.     By  Dudley  Leavitt. 

Mriny  opinions  and  hypotheses  have  boen  formed  by 
p'li'osophers  in  diflcTcnt  ages,  respecting  the  origin  of  the 
ficth,  the  creation  of  animal  bei)igs,  and  the  peopling  of 
the  fiifl'errnt  parts  of  the  globe.  At  the  beginning  of  the 
WO' lu,  SH\s  Bishop  Butler,  there  must  have  been  either  no 
roui'se  of  n:itu:eat  all,  or  one  totally  difierent  from  what  it 
now  is.*  As  every  thing  in  nature,  though  under  the  direc- 
tion of  Providence,  is  produced  by  natural  causes,  the  nature 
and  state  of  the  earth,  must,  in  some  former  time,  have 
b'cn  such  as  to  produce  men  and  other  animals,  in  a  man* 
ner  somehow  similar  to  that  in  which  vegetables,  or  some 
kinds  of  insects  are  produced  now. 

Concerning  the  theory  of  the  earth,  Dr.  Thomas  Burnet 
su[>poses  that  it  was  at  first  w'ithout  form,  and  without  moun- 
tains or  seas.  That  in  about  sixteen  centuries  the  crust,  dri- 
ed hy  the  sun,  cracked,  and  fell  into  the  abyss  of  water 
which  it  surrounded,  and  thus  caused  the  deluge.  That 
our  ocean  is  a  part  of  the  ancient  ab3'ss,  and  that  islands, 
rocks,  and  mountains,  are  fragments  of  the  antediluvian 
crust,  or  earthy  shell  which  first  enclosed  the  abyss  of  wa- 
ter.—  lohn  Woodward  supj)osed  the  history  in  the  Bible  to 
b^  true,  as  given  by  Moses,  and  that  the  present  aspect  of 
the  globe  is  the  consequence  of  the  deluge. — Mr.  William 
Whiston's  theory  is,  that  the  earth  at  first,  was  an  uninhab- 
ited comet,  in  foi-m  of  a  chaos,  surrounded  with  utter  dark- 
nn>'?.  The  centre  within  the  darkness  or  comet's  atmos- 
p'^ere,  a  hot,  solid  nucleus,  round  which  is  the  great  watery 
abv-s   on  which  the  earth  floats.      He  supposes  that    the 

*  See  Butler's  analogy. 

33 


268  Principles  of  Geology. 

matter  which  compo-ed  the  original  chaos,  arranged  itself  j^j 
according  to  its  specific  gravity,  and  that  therefore  air  being  f  j 
the  lightest,  rose  highest  from\he  earth's  centre,  and  reflect- 
ed the  light,  when  it  first  obeyed  the  Divine  command,  as  in    ; 
Genesis  i.  3.— The  Abbe  Moro  supposes  that  the  surface  of  ' . 
the  earth,  and  especially  mountains,  arose  from  the  bottom 
of  the  sea;  the  ocean  alternately  disgorging  and  gorging    ; 
land  :     in  some  places  throwing  up  shells,  &c.,  and  in  oth- 
ers  swallowing  up  land.     This  philosopher  thinks  that  the  | 
earth,  at  first,  was  covered  with  water,  which,  by  degrees,  j , 
dried  up  and  left  dry  land,  where  man  and  beasts  were  first 
created. — M.  le  Cat,  a  French  geologist,  maintains  that  the 
earth  was  created  first,  and  the  sun  and  moon  afterwards. 
That  the  earth  at  first  was  mud,  which,  by  agitation  and  ex- 
posure to   the   sun,  became  dried  and  formed   continents, 
which  becoming  solid,  the  water  continually  excavated  its 
bed,  and  will  extend  from  hemisphere  to  hemisphere  ;  that 
the  friction  of  the  water  will  at  last  so  undermine  the  land, 
that  the  shell  or  crust  will  fall  in,  and  a  new  chaos  be  form- 
ed, from  which  a  new  fabric  will  be  revived  as  at  first. — 
M.  Maillet,  in  his  curious  and  ingenious  work,  the  Telliarned, 
theorizes  as  follows.     The  earth  at  first  was  wholly  covered 
with  water,  which   has  ever  since  been  diminishing  gradu- 
ally.    When  all  the  water  is  absorbed,  the  earth  will  be  set ; 
on  fire  and  become  a  sun,  till  its  igneous  parts  are  consum- 
ed ;  then  roll  irregularly  through  space,  till  it  collects  wa-  . 
ter  from  other  planets  ;  then  fix  in   the  vortex  of  a  new  sun 
as  at  first,  and  thus  continually  changing  from  one  state  to 
another  by  the  operations  of  nature. — The  celebrated  M. 
Buflbn  conjectures  that  our  earth  is  a  fragment  of  the  sun 
struck  otf  by  a  eomet.     Above  the  vitrified  matter,  subsided 
the  dross,  forming  different  clays,  &c.     He  supposes  that 
the  whole  earth  was  covered  with  water  to  the  depth  of  500 
or  600  feet,  produced  from  the  vapour  caused  by  the  heat; 
and  that  the  water  deposited  a  stratum  of  mud,  &c.  ;  and 
the  air  arose  by  a  sublimation  of  the  most  subtle  part  of 
matter. — Dr.  William  Worthington  concludes  that  the  earth 
at  first  was  uniform  and  level,  and  that  all  irregularities 
were  caused  by  earthquakes  and  other  convulsions  of  na- 
ture, the  result  of  the  curse.     He  supposes  that  the  equator 
and  ecliptic  at  first  coincided,  but  by  the  pole's  being  re- 
moved 23°  28',  the  deluge  was  produced. — Mr.  John  White- 
hurst,  F.  R.  S.  is  of  opinion  that  the  earth  was  at  first  fluid, 
and  that  the  land  was  formed  by  the  attraction  of  particles. 
That  the  sun  and  moon  are  coeval  with  the  earth,  and  grad- 
ually attracted  part  of  the  water  ;  and  that  where  marine 


American  Genius.  259 


shells  are  found,  was  once  the  bottom  of  the  ocean. — Dc 
Luc's  theory  is,  that  the  ocean  once  coverf  d  the  continents, 

(and  that  afterwards,  the  land  sinking  caused  the  deluge. — 
Mr.  Milne  thinks  that  immediately  after  Adam's  fall,  the 
earth  underwent  a  total  change. — Dr.  Hutton  supposes  that 
all  rocks  and  strata  were  formed  by  subsidence  under  the 
waters  of  a  former  ocean,  from  the  decay  of  a  former 
earth. — Archbishop  Williams  imagined  that  when  the  earth 
was  in  a  fluid  state,  the  tides  rose  above  the  highest  moun- 
tains.— M.  J)elamatherie  taught  that  the  crust  of  the  earth 
emerged  from  the  bottom  of  the  ocean  ;  that  all  mountains, 
valleys,  and  plains,  were  formed  by  crystallization. — Mr. 
j  Howard  supposes  that  the  eclipfic  and  equator  once  coin- 
cided, and  were  changed  to  their  present  oblique  situation, 
perhaps,  by  the  approach  of  a  comet. — Mr.  Kirwan,  a  mod- 
ern chemical  philosopher,  supposes  that  the  earth  at  first 
Avas  in  a  liquid  state,  (degree  of  heat  about  33°)  and  held  in 
solution  all  bodies,  which  coalesced  and  crystallized  accord- 
ingj  to  their  elective  attraction. 
'^.Meredith,  JV.  //.,  Aug.  5,  1823. 


FOR    THE    MONTHLY    LITERARY    JOURNAL. 

Where  indignant  feelings  and  wounded  vanity  have  not 
led  Americans  to  deny  the  charge  altogether,  frequent  at- 
tempts have  been  made,  both  in  our  periodical  works  and 
those  of  a  less  ephemeral  nature,  to  explain  our  neglect  of 
literary  pursuit  and  consequent  inferiority  to  Europeans. 
To  whatever  causes  this  is  to  be  attributed,  it  is  in  vain  now 
to  propose  as  one  of  them  a  national  imbecility  of  intellect. 
We  have  done  enough,  in  the  short  period  since  our  coloniz- 
ation, to  vindicate  to  our  country  an  honorable  recollection 
in  the  annals  of  art  and  science.  We  began  by  a  bold  but 
successful  experiment  in  the  science  of  government,  and 
have  since  still  farther  illustrated  the  national  character  by 
an  almost  premature  excellence  in  mechanical  pursuits.  In 
useful  inventions  we  have  even  outstripped  our  parent  coun- 
tries. The  necessities  of  our  situation  gave  the  first  impulse 
to  our  brilliant  career,  and  these  are  a  sufficient  reason  for 
our  neglect  of  literature  in  the  earliest  ages  of  our  colonies. 
We  should  expect  but  few  efforts  at  composition  from  men 
whose  lives  were  divided  by  labour  and  war.  But  the  few 
fragments  of  the  works  on  divinity  and  the  epistolar}'  cor- 
respondence of  our  fathers,  which  are  extant,  abound  with 
the  vigorous  language  and  sentiments  of  powerful  minds. 


260  American  Genius. 

At  the  present  period,  we  have  few  authors  by  profession, 
and  few  of  our  works  of  genius  therefore  bear  the  impresi 
of  undivided  attention — of  midnight  reflection  and  daily  toil 
Most  of  our  authors  have  written  only  for  present  and  pecu' 
niary  remuneration,  and  knew  little  of  the  more  powerful 
impulse  of  fame  and  future  admiration.  In  our  country  the  ' 
light  and  ornamental  paths  of  letters  have  but  few  admirers. 
Those  sciences  alone  are  cultivated,  which  aid  in  the  gen 
eral  pursuits  of  wealth  and  power.  In  this  universal  and 
tumultuous  struggle  those  must  be  unsuccessful,  who  turn 
aside  to  dally  in  more  pleasing  employments.  Our  free 
government  too  makes  every  man  an  orator,  and  the  public 
taste  becomes  corrupted  amongst  the  crowd.  Those  will 
require  no  proof  of  this  assertion,  whose  observation  has  con- 
vinced them,  that  the  swollen  and  unmeaning  verbosity  of 
Phillips  is,  by  many  of  our  countrymen,  regarded  as  the 
Very  standard  of  eloquence. 

But  of  late  years  some  writers  of  fiction  have  appeared 
among  us,  whose  successful  efforts  will  vindicate,  in  that 
branch  of  literature  at  least,  the  national  reputation.  By 
these  much  \v\s  been  done  towa^^ds  illustrating  our  early 
history  ;  but  a  wide  field  yet  reiiains  unexhausted.  Our 
country  has  been  fruitful  in  those  great  events  and  remark- 
able displays  of  character,  which  give  their  chief  charm  ; 
and  readiest  themes  to  firiitious  narratives. 

In  reading  the  colonial  laws,  one  meets  with  many  curious 
views  of  legislation,  amusing  even  their  present  rude  form. 
Their  statutes  seem  to  be  drawn  with  an  impartial  hand 
from  the  two  fountains  of  the  English  common  law,  and  the 
law  of  Moses.  These,  with  other  circumstances  in  the  colo- 
nial situation,  particularly  of  Massachusetts,  would  furnish 
an  excellent  subject  for  fiction — one  far  preferable  to  the 
revolutionary  war,  or  the  colonial  history  of  the  other 
States.  For  fable  might  be  mingled  with  the  actual  occur- 
rences of  history,  and  the  most  aged  not  be  able  to  detect 
such  errors.  The  natives,  the  French  and  Spaniards,  who 
bordered  on  the  two  extremities  of  our  country,  might  Vje 
introduced  without  shocking  probability.  The  character 
of  the  puritans  might  be  contrasted  with  the  southern  set- 
tlers, whose  Slates  were  then  the  Botany  Bay,  which  par- 
took largely  of  the  overflowings  of  the  English  prisons. 
The  nmusina:  rencontre  between  the  merry  and  monarchical 
cavalier,  and  the  puritan,  a  republican  in  politics,  but  sour 
and  bigotted  in  religion,  would  likewise  be  an  amusing 
theme  for  description.  Those,  whose  ambition  aims  at  higher 
attainments,  often  regard  it  as  alike  frivolous  to  read  or  to 


Ecclesiastical  History.  261 

compose  works  of  this  description.  But  the  novelist's  chance 
for  immortality)'  is,  it  has  been  thought,  at  least  equal  to  that 
oftlte  liisiorian's.  For  the  latter  cannot  expect  to  escape 
the  fate  of  Polybius,  Herodotus,  \Lc.  who  rarely  have  the 
fortune  to  have  the  dust  of  ages  disturbed  from  their  covers, 
but  whose  matter  has  long  since  been  transferred  to  their 
mote  attractive  pages  by  the  unscrupulous  hand  of  modern 
plagiarists. 


jMemoranda  :  Relating  to  the  Churches  and  Clergy  of  J^c7»- 
Hampshire. 

[Continued  from  page  239.] 

There  was  no  minister  settled  in  Portsmouth,  or  church 
gathered  there  till  1671.  A  chapel  and  parsonage  house 
had  been  built  before  1640,  and  several  candidates  had  been 
employed  by  the  town.  In  1640,  Mr.  Richard  Gibson  seems 
to  have  been  chosen  for  their  minister  :  but  he  was  soon 
after  summoned  before  the  Court,  at  Boston,  for  scandaliz- 
ing the  government,  and  left  the  country.  In  1642,  Mr. 
James  Parker,  of  Weymouth,  "  a  godly  man,"  was  invited 
to  be  their  minister  ;  and  he  '■'went  and  taught  among  them, 
and  it  pleased  God  to  give  great  success  to  his  labours,  so  as 
above  forty  of  them,  whereof  the  most  had  been  very  pro- 
fane," were  brouo;ht  to  acknowledge  and  bewail  their  ofl'cn- 
ces.  It  is  added,  however,  that  "  most  of  them  fell  back 
again  in  time,  embracing  this  present  world."  ]\Ir.  Dudley^ 
who  was  settled  at  Exeter,  received  an  invitation  to  become 
the  minister  of  Portsmouth,  on  a  yearly  salary  of  eighty 
pounds.  A  Mr.  JVooster  also  received  a  similar  invitation  ; 
but  neither  of  them  accepted  it. 

The  Rpv.  Joshua  Moodey,  the  first  settled  minister  of 
Portsmouth,  was  ordained  in  1671.  He  had  been  preach- 
ing in  the  town  about  13  years  before  his  ordination,  but  no 
church  was  gathered  till  the  day  he  was  ordained.  Ac- 
cording to  the  custom  of  those  times,  the  pastor  elect  preach- 
ed the  ordination  sermon,  which  was  founded  on  the  last 
verse  in  Ezekiel.  "  He  was  ordained  by  several  of  the 
ciders,  at  the  desire  of  the  church,  Mr.  Cabot  giving  him  his 
charge,  and  Mr.  Wheelwright  the  right-hand  of  fellowship. 
Then  the  pastor  ordained  Samuel  Haines,  deacon,  with  im- 
position of  hands,  and  prayer."     In  Mr.  Moodey's  account 


262  Ecclesiastical  History, 

o.f  the  organization  of  the  church,  he  particularly  mentions, 
that  "  the  pastor,  with  all  those  who  were  to  be  the  begin- 
ners  of  the  nevv  church,  made  their  relations  ;  and  those 
who  were  members  of  other  churches,  had  their  dismis-' 
sions  ;  and  all  made  their  relations,  whether  members  or 
non-members  ;  and  the^'^  were  approved  of  bj  the  messen- 
gers of  churches,  and  embodied  into  a  church,  by  an  ex- 
plicit covenant."  This  covenant,  as  a  sample  of  the  earlier 
church  covenants  in  this  country,  is  given,  as  follows  : — 

"  We  do  this  day,  solemnly  and  publiclj,  in  the  presence 
of  God  and  his  people,  avouch  the  one  only  living  and 
true  God  ;  Father,  Son,  and  Spirit,  to  be  our  Gofi,  ;ind  his 
word,  or  revealed  will,  to  be  our  rule  :  and  do,  with  our- 
selves, give  up  our  children  to  be  the  Lord's.  We  do  also 
professedly  and  heartily  subject  ourselves  to  Jesus  Christ,  as 
the  Head  of  bis  church  ;  and  do  covenant  and  promise,  that 
we  will  submit  ourselves  to  the  government  of  Christ,  in 
this  particular  church,  according  to  the  laws  of  his  house  : 
that  we  will  watch  over  our  brethren,  and  be  watched  over 
by  them,  according  to  rule  ;  and  that  we  will,  in  all  things, 
so  demean  ourselves  towards  our  pastor,  and  fellow  mem- 
bers, as  also  towards  all  others,  as  becomes  the  Gospel  : 
that  the  Lord  may  dwell  among  us,  and  bless  us,  and  we 
may  be  a  peculiar  people  to  his  service  and  glory.  And  all 
this  wo  promise,  by  the  help  of  Jesus  Christ ;  and  in  his 
name,  looking  up  to  him  for  his  assistance,  as  being  of  our- 
selves capable  of  doing  nothing." 

Mr.  Moodey  was  a  son  of  William  Moodey,  who  was  one 
©f  the  early  settlers  of  Newbury,  in  Massachusetts,  and  came 
from  England  when  this  son  was  very  young.  He  (Joshua) 
was  graduated  at  Harvard  College  in  16^3,  and  was  a  Fel- 
low of  his  Alma  Mater.  He  was  a  distinguished  scholar, 
and  eminent  for  his  pastoral  firmness  and  fidelity.  While 
Cranfield  was  at  the  head  of  the  Province,  Mr.  Moodey  be- 
came the  object  of  his  displeasure,  and  in  some  measure  a 
victim  of  his  tyranny  and  oppression.  A  member  of  the 
church  was  strongly  suspected  of  perjury,  in  some  affair  at 
the  custom-house.  He  made  his  peace  with  the  Governor, 
who"  forgave  him  all,"  and  forbade  the  church's  meddling 
with  the  offender.  Mr.  Moodey,  however,  was  not  to  be  in- 
timidated. He  knew,  that  as  a  member  and  pastor  of  the 
church  of  Christ,  he  was  actiag  for,  and  accountable  to, 
OJ^E  greater  than  the  Governor.  He  persevered  in  the 
work  of  discipline,  till  the  offendins;  member  was  brought  to 
a  public  confession  of  his  crime.  Cranfield  sought  revenge, 
and  determined  to  subject  the  pastor  to  the  penalties  of  tke 


Ecclesiastical  History.  263 

statute  of  uniformit}' — a  statute  which  had  never  been  con- 
sidered as  applicable  to  these  colonics,  or  binding  upon 
them.  After  issuing  an  order  in  council,  requiring  all  min- 
isters to  administer  the  sacrament  according  to  the  liturgy 
of  the  church  of  England,  to  such  as  should  desire  it,  who 
were  not  vicious  and  scandalous  in  their  lives,  and  freeing 
the  inhabitants  fiom  paying  any  duties  to  such  minister's 
should  refuse  to  do  so  :  he  noiiticd  Mv.  Moodey,  by  the 
hands  of  the  sheriff,  that,  on  the  next  Sunday,  he,  with  Ma- 
son and  Hinckes,  two  of  his  counsellors,  intended  to  partake 
of  the  Lord's  supper  ;  and  required  him  to  administer  it  ac- 
cording to  the  liturgy.  Mr.  Moodey  refused,  and  was  prose- 
cuted by  the  attorney-general,*  on  the  Governor's  order, — 
•'  for  that  he  having  for  many  years  had  the  appearance  and 
reputation  of  a  minister  of  God's  word  in  the  said  Province, 
had  wilfully  and  obstinately  n  fused  to  administer  the  sacra- 
ments according  to  the  rules  of  the  church  of  England,  and 
had  administered  them  in  other  manner  and  form  than  is 
appointed  and  commanded  by  the  statute."  The  judges  of 
the  court,  before  whom  he  was  arraigned,  were  Barefoote, 
Fryer,  Greene,  Cotfin,  Edgcrly,  and  Roby.  On  the  first 
hearing,  four  of  them  were  in  his  favour  ;  but  the  next  morn- 
ing, Greene  and  Roby  joined  with  Barefoote  and  Coffin,  in 
sentencing  him  to  six  months  imprisonment,  without  bail  or 
mainprize.  Fryer  and  Edgerly  refused  to  concur  in  the 
judgment,  and  were  removed  from  office.  "  Greene  after- 
wards repented,  and  made  his  acknowledgment  to  Mr. 
Moodey,  who  frankly  forgave  him.  Roby  was  excommu- 
nicated out  of  Hampton  church,  as  a  common  drunkard,  and 
died  excommunicate,  and  was,  by  his  friends,  thrown  into  a 
hole,  near  his  house,  for  fear  of  an  arrest  of  his  carcase. 
Barefoote  fell  into  a  languishing  distemper,  whereof  he 
died.  Coffin  was  taken  by  the  Indians,  and  his  house  and 
mill  burnt."  And  Cranficld  himself  became  so  odious  to 
the  people,  that  he  was  obliged  to  abscond,  and  return  no 
more.  Mr.  Moodey,  agreeably  to  his  sentence,  was  confined 
in  the  common  prison,  for  thirteen  weeks  ;  and  then,  on  the 
intercession  of  his  friends,  was  discharged,  on  condition  that 


*  Joseph  Rnyn  was  at  tliis  time  attorney-general.  He  appears  to  have  been  a 
ftreeping  politician — and  willing  to  engage  in  any  dirty  work  which  would  gratify 
"the  powers  that  he,"  and  thus  advance  his  own  interests.  His  conduct  in  carry- 
ing on  the  prosecution  against  Mr.  Moodey  was  mucli  complained  of.  Vaughau 
saya,  that  M.'s  defence  was  sliort,  and  "  not  without  many  interruptyones  and  smiles 
by  the  pragmatticke  busey  impertinente  atturney."  Ruyn  was  for  a  short  time 
sherifT;  and,  being  unwilling  to  give  up  a  warrant  which  he  had  executed,  was 
sent  for  by  the  Governor  ;  but  not  appearing  so  soon  as  was  expected,  his  Excel- 
lency went  to  Rayn's  chamber,  and  aduiinisteied  summary  justice  by  giving  the 
little  great  man  a  severe  horse-whippinjj,  and  ordering  an  officer  to  "  carry  the 
rogue  to  jail." 


264  Ecclesiastical  History. 

he  should  preach  no  more  in  the  Province.  He  according- 
ly left  Portsmouth,  and  receiving  an  invitation  from  the  old 
church  in  Boston,  became  their  pastor.  While  at  Boston, 
he  was  invited,  upon  the  death  oi  President  Rogers,  to  suc- 
ceed him  in  the  presidency  of  Harvard  College,  but  declined 
the  oflice.  In  the  days  of  the  witchcraft  delusion,  he  took  a 
decided  stand  against  the  violent  measures  of  the  times ;  and 
by  a  sermon  from  these  words,  "  If  they  persecute  you  in 
one  city,  flee  to  another,"  and  by  his  private  counsels,  he 
persuaded  a  Mr.  English  and  his  wife,  who  were  accused  of 
witchcraft,  but  allowed  the  liberty  of  the  town,  upon  giving 
bail,  and  lodging  in  the  prison,  to  escape  from  their  persecu- 
tors. He  provided  the  means  of  tlicir  conveyance  from  the 
colony,  and  procured  for  them  letters  of  recommendation 
to  the  Governor  of  New-York,  by  whom  they  were  hos- 
pitably received,  and  entertained,  till  they  could  return  in 
safety.  They  probably  owed  the  preservation  of  their  lives, 
under  providence,  to  Mr.  Moodey's  zeal  in  their  behalf. 
But  his  opposition  to  the  prevailing  notions  of  his  parishion- 
ers, drew  on  him  their  resentment,  and  in  1693,  he  left  Bos- 
ton, by  advice  of  council,  and  returned  to  Portsmouth,  after 
an  absence  of  9  years.  He  was  received,  with  much  affec- 
tion, by  the  people,  who  had  frequently  solicited  his  return 
— and  with  them  he  spent  the  remainder  of  his  days,  in  use- 
fulness and  peace.  He  died,  while  on  a  visit  to  Boston, 
July  4,  1697,  in  the  65th  year  of  his  age.  Dr.  Cotton  Ma- 
ther preached  his  funeral  sermon,  from  these  words  :  "-They 
saw  his  face  as  it  had  been  the  face  of  an  angel." 

The  list  of  Mr.  Moodey's  baptisms  in  Portsmouth,  amounts 
to  but  110,  although  160  persons  had  been  admitted  to  the 
church,  there,  before  his  death.  He  wrote  more  than  4000 
sermons,  but  it  is  not  known  that  he  ever  published  any 
thing,  excepting  "  A  practical  discnurse  on  the  choice  benefits 
of  commimion  with  God,  in  his  house,''''  in  1685  ;  and  an  Elec- 
tion sermon,  in  1692. 

One  of  Mr.  Moodey's  daughters  married Pike;  and 

another  married  the  Rev.  Jonathan  Russell,  of  Barnstable, 
grandfather  of  the  late  Eleazer  Russell,  Esq.  of  Portsmouth. 
Nothing  more  is  known  of  his  family. 

The  Rev.  John  Reyner,  jun.  having  been  the  assistant  of 
his  father,  succeeded  him  in  the  ministry  at  Dover  ;  but  the 
date  of  his  ordination  is  not  preserved.  He  was  graduated 
at  Harvard  College  in  1663.  How  long  he  continued  in  the 
ministry  is  unknown  ;  but  he  died  young,  and  Mr.  Fitch 
speaks  of  him  as  his  father's  successor,  and  having  a  double 
portion  of  his  spirit. 


Ecclesiastical  History,  28i^ 

He  was  succeeded,  but  at  what  time  is  uncertain,  by  Rev. 
loHN  I'lKE,  who  was  a  native  of  Salisbury,  Mass.,  and  grad- 
lated  at  Harvard  college  in  lG7o.  The  church  at  Dover 
n  his  day,  adhered  to  the  old  way  of  baptizing  none  but 
arolcssors,  and  the  children  of  pi'ofessors,  thou^^h  it  is  said 
,hat  towards  the  close  of  his  life,  most  of  the  other  churches 
n  the  province  had  adopted  the  half  way  covenant.  He 
generally  preached  without  notes,  '-was  a  grave  and  vener- 
able person,  an  extraordinary  preacher,  a  man  of  great  hu- 
■nility,  meekness,  and  patience,  much  mortified  to  the  world, 
and  without  gall  or  guile."  He  was  in  the  ministry  during 
the  troublesome  administration  of  Cranfield,  but,  with  Mr. 
Dudley  of  Exeter,  escaped  the  persecution  of  the  governor, 
tvhile  the  other  two  ministers  in  the  Province,  Messrs.  Moo- 
dey  an!  Cotton,  were  driven  from  their  people  and  retreat- 
ed to  Boston.     Mr.  Pike  died  March,  1710. 

The  Rev.  Thomas  Weld  was  ordained  at  Dunstable,  Dec. 
16,  1685.  This  town  was  at  that  time  under  the  jurisdiction 
of  Massachusetts,  and  remained  so  until  the  settlement  of 
the  line  between  the  two  Provinces  in  1740.  Mr.  Weld  was 
the  son  of  Thomas  Weld,  of  Roxbury,  Mass.,  and  grandson 
of  the  Rev.  Thomas  Weld,*  who  having  been  ejected  from 
his  living  at  Gates-end  nearNew-Castle,England,for  non-con- 
formity, came  to  this  country,  June  6,  1632,  and  the  next 
month,  was  installpd  the  pastor  of  the  church  in  Roxbury, 
where  he  continued  nine  years,  and  was  then  sent  with  the 
Rev.  Hugh  Peters  as  agent  to  England,  and  died  in  London, 


*  One  cf  his  sons,  Edmund,  was  graduated  at  Harvard  college  jk 
1650,  went  to  Ireland,  and  was  settled  in  the  ministry  at  Inniskean,where 
he  died  March  2,  1668,  in  his  39th  year.  In  the  contemplation  of  death, 
he  wrote  an  Ode  by  way  of  dialogue  between  Death,  the  Soul,  the  Body, 
the  World,  and  Jesus  Christ, — which  his  widow  sent  to  his  relatives  in 
New-England.     Death  begins  the  dialogue  as  follow?  : 

Ho,  ho,  prepare  to  go  with  me, 
For  I  am  sent  to  summon  thee  : 
See  my  commission  seal'd  with  blood — 
"Who  sent  me  ;  He  will  make  it  good- 

The  lite  of  man 

Is   like  a  span, 
Whose  slender  thread  I  must  divide- 

My  name  is  Death, 

I'll  stop  thy  breath  ; 
From  my  arrests  thou  canst  not  hide. 
Aad  the  ode  coDtains  19  stanaae  in  the  same  mea&ure. 

^4 


266  Ecclesiastical  History » 

in  1700.*  Mr.  Weld  of  Dunstable,  was  graduated  at  Har- 
vard College,  in  1671.  His  first  wife,  Elizabeth,  died  July 
19,  1687,  aged  31.  His  second  wife,  who  died  at  Attlebor- 
ough,  June  2,  1731,  in  her  64th  year,  was  Mary  Savage,  a 
descendant  of  Tnomas  Sa- age,  who  was  a  brother  of  Ar- 
thur Savage,  Dean  of  Carlisle,  and  came  to  New-England  in 
the  reign  of  Charles  I.  Mr.  Weld  was  killed  by  the  lndian=, 
who  burnt  his  garrison  in  the  spring  of  i  702.  Two  of  his 
sons  were  educated  at  Harvard  College.  One  of  thrm, 
Thomas,  died  soon  after  he  was  graduated;  the  other,  Habi- 
jah,  was  the  minister  of  Attleborough,  IVFass.  and  the  grand- 
father of  Rev.  Timothy  Aldtn,  president  of  Meadville  Col- 
lege, Pennsylvania. 

After  the'death  of  Mr.  Cotton,  of  Hampton,  in  168",  the 
people  of  that  town  remained  wilhout  a  minister  ten  years, 
when  the  Rev.  John  Cotton,  son  of  the  former  pastoi-,  was 
settled  among  thrm,  and  continued  with  them  till  he  died,  in 
1710,  at  the  age  of  57.  He  appears  to  have  been  an  engag- 
ing preachfr,  and  an  honest  worthy  mm.  While  Mr. 
Moodey  was  at  Boston,  the  people  ot  Portsmouth,  not  ex- 
pecting his  return,  gave  Mr.  Cotton  an  invitation  to  settle  in 
that  place,  but  he  advised  them  to  make  further  applica- 
tion to  Mr.  Moodey.  which  proved  successful.  He  was  a 
graduate  of  Harvard  College.  During  his  ministr}',  487 
were  baptized  and  220  persons  were  admitted  to  the  Lord's 
Supper. 

After  the  death  of  Mr.  Dudley,  in  1683,  no  minister  was 
settled  in  Exeter  till  Sept.  21,  1698,  when  the  Rev.  John 
Clahke  was  ordained  their  pastor.  The  fhurch  was  then 
organized  anew,  and  consisted  of  sixteen  males  and  nine  fe- 
males, "  all  of  whom  with  their  pastor  signed  the  covin:^nt, 
and  an  orthodox  confession  of  faith,  on  the  sabb-th  before 
the  ordination."  Mr.  Clarke  marri-d,  June  19,  1694,  Eliz- 
abeth Woodbridge,  a  daughter  of  the  Rev.  Benjamin  Wood- 
bridge,  and  grand-daughter  of  Rev.  John  Woodbridge,  the 
first  minister  of  Andover,  Mass.  who  lived  fo  see  three  of 
his  sons  in  the  ministry,  and  four  of  his  grandsons  prepar- 
ing for  it ;  and  some  of  his  posterity,  it  is  believed,  have  been 
constantly  employed  in  the  ministerial  office  to  the  present 
day.  It  was  said  of  this  good  old  man,  that,  the  piety  which 
he  imbibed  in  his  childhood,  increased  with  his  years;  and, 

*  From  f'le  dfiscription  of  tbe  fr-.rnily  arms,  as  recori^e'i  in  Gfvilljtr's 
Pisnlay  of  Kercldry,  it  trtoeirs  (bat  h;-  wns  •'  dffscended  from  EJrirk 
Sylvqticus,  alias  Wgtd,  a  S.ixoo  of  ^re^it  renown  in  the  rciifus  of  Kir.g- 
Hirold  yn-i  ^Villjim  the  C<>i. quernr,  whose  father  Alfric  was  brother  to 
Ediick  CI  Stratton,  duke  of  Mercia." 


Ecclesiastical  History,  267 

that  just  before  his  death,  he  refused  a  glass  of  wine  which 
was  offei'fd  to  him,  saying,  '^1  am  going  where  I  shall  have 
better."  Mr.  Clarke  was  graduated  at  Harvard  College,  in 
1690.  He  continui  d  but  a  ihort  time  in  the  vineyard,  and 
died  July  25,  1705,  aged  35,  leaving  four  children  :  Benja- 
min, Nathaniel,  Deborah,  an(!  Ward,  who  was  the  iirst  minis- 
ter of  Kiniston. 

The  Rev.  Nathaniel  Rogers  was  Mr.  Moodey's successor 
at  Pofisuiouth,  and  was  ordained  there,  I\Iay  3,  1699.     The 
clergy  olliciating  at  his  ordination   were,  Mr.    Hubbard,  of 
Ipswich,  who  gave   the    charge  ;  Mr.  Pike  of  Dover,   who 
gave  rhe  right  hand  of  fellowship  ;  Mr.  Payson  of  Rowley  ; 
and  Mr.  Cotlon,   of  Hampton.     Mr.    Rogers  was  a   son   of 
John  Rogers,  President  of  H  irvard   College,  and  was   born 
at  Ipswich,    Massachusetts,  Feb.  22,  1669.     The  father    of 
the  President  was  the  Rev.  Nathaniel  Rogers,  who  came  to 
this  country  in  1636,  and  settled  in  the  ministry  at  Ipswich. 
He  was  the  son  of  the  Rev.  John  Rogcs,  of  Dedham,  Eng. 
who  was  grandson  of  the  celebrated  John   Rogers  who   suf- 
fered martyrdom  at  Smithfield,  in  the  reign  of  Queen  Mary, 
Feb.  4,  1555,  and  refused  the  pardon  that  was  oflered  him  at 
the    stake,    on  condition   of  his  recanting,  saying,    that  he 
"  would  not  exchange  a  short  fire  for  everlasting  burnings." 
Mr.  Rogers,  of  Portsmouth,  was  graduated  at  Harvard  Col- 
lege in  1687,  and  married  Sarah  Penkiss,  whose  mother  was 
originally  a  Pemberton.     Their  children,  who  lived  to  be- 
come heads  of  families,  were,  1.  Hon.   Nathaniel  Rogers,  a 
physician,  the  father  of  Hon.  Nathaniel  Rogers,  of  Exeter: 
2.  Sarah,  wife  of  Rev.  Joshua  Gee,  of  Boston :  3.  George, 
a  merchant,  who  married  a  sister  of  Governor   Hutchinson  : 
4.  Elizabeth,  wMfe  of  Rev.  John  Taylor,  of  Milton  :  5.  Ma- 
ry, wife  of    M.Uthew  Liverinore,  Esq.  of    Portsmouth  :  6. 
Daniel,  an  apothecary  in  Portsmouth.     One  of  his  children, 
and  a  negro  woman,  perished  in  the  flames,  which  consumed 
the  parsonage    house,  in    1704;  and    at  the  samo  time    his 
wife's  mother,  then  the  widow  Elatson,  was  so  badly   burnt, 
as  to  occasion  her  death.     While  Mr.  Rogers  was   in  the 
ministry   at   Portsmouth,    a  difficulty   arose  respecting  the 
scite  of  a  new    m'^eting-house,  which  terminated  in    the  for- 
mation of  a  second  parish. — Mr.    Rogers  went,  with  a  ma- 
jority of  his  hearers,    to  the    new,  or  north   meetinghouse, 
and  there  officiated  till  his  death,  Oct.  3,   1723.     He  is  said 
to  have  "inherited  so  much  of  the  spirit  and    tajents  of  his 
renowned  ancestor,  that  his  labors,  in  this  part  of  the  vine- 
yard, were  abundantly  blessed  by  the   Great    Head   of  the 
Church."     In  his  epitaph,  he  is   described  as  a  man  of  gc- 


2©8  Ecclesiasticul  History, 

nius  and  learning,  a  vigilant  pastor,  and  an  illustrious  exam- 
ple of  benevolence,  faith  and  piety. 

N  'W-Castle  was  origin  dly  a  part  of  Portsmouth,  and  was 
set  off  as  a  separate  town,  in  1693  ;  but  no  minister  was  set- 
tled till  1704,  when  the  Rev.  John  Emerson  was  ordained. 
The  Rev.  Messrs.  John  Cotton,  of  Hampton,  John  Pike,  of 
Dover  and  John  Clarke  ot  Exeter,  were  the  officiating  cler- 
gy at  his  ordination. — Mr.  Emer'^on  was  a  native  of  Ipswich, 
and  WIS  graduated  at  Harvard  Col!e2;e,  in  1689.  He  was 
at  Major  Waldron's,  in  Dover,  on  the  27th  of  June,  the  same 
year,  and  declined  a  very  urg^^nt  invifa'ion  to  spend  the 
night  there.  That  night  was  fatal  to  WalJron,  and  to  many 
of  the  people  of  Dover;  for  the  Indians  "  crossed  out  their 
accounts"  against  the  Major  in  his  blood,  and  many  of  his 
family  and  neighbors  perished  with  him. — In  1708,  Mr.  Em- 
erson spent  some  time  in  the  city  of  London,  and  was  pre- 
sented to  Queen  Anne, by  whom  he  was  handsomely  noticed. 
He  returned  to  New-Castle.and  preached  there  till  1712,whcn 
he  was  dismissed.  On  the  23d  of  March, 1  71 5,he  was  installed 
over  the  new  society  in  the  old  meeting-house,  in  Portsmouth; 
the  Rev.  Messrs.  Christopher  Toppan,  Caleb  Gushing,  and 
Theophikis  Cushing,  officiating  at  his  installation.  He  con- 
tinued here  in  the  ministry,  till  June  21,  1732,  when  he  di- 
ed, in  his  62d  year.  His  last  public  exercise  was  a  prayer 
on  the  frame  of  the  new  south  meeting-house,  erected  in 
1731.  During  his  ministry  in  Portsmouth,  he  baptized  762, 
and  received  1 24  into  the  church.  Of  this  number,  40  were 
the  fruits  of  a  revival,  which  succeeded  the  great  earth- 
quake of  October  29,  1727.  He  is  said  to  have  been  "an 
agreeable  companion,  and  a  faithful  preacher  of  the  gospel." 
His  wife  was  Mary  Barter,  of  Salem;  and  his  children  who 
survived  him,  and  had  families,  were,  1.  Mary,  wife  of  Fran- 
cis Winkley,   of  Kittery  :  2.  Ann,    wife   of  Capt.   Stephen 

Greenleaf,   of  Portsmouth  :  3.  Sarah,    wife  of Davis, 

of  Portsmouth  :  4.  Dorothy,  wife  of  Elihu  Gunnison,  of 
Kittery :  5.  Martha,  wife  of Flint  of  Plaistow. 

The  Rev.  John  Odlin  was  ordained  at  Exeter,  as  succes- 
sor of  Mr.  Clarke,  Nov.  12,  I70C.  He  was  graduated  at 
Harvard  College,  in  1702,  and  married  Elizabeth,  the  wid- 
ow of  his  predecessor,  Oct.  21.  1706.  Their  children  were, 
1.  John:  ^.  Elisha,  who  graduated  at  Harvard,  and  set- 
tled in  the  ministry  :  3.  Dudley :  4.  Woodbridge,  who  be- 
came his  fathf^r's  colleague,  and  successor.  Mrs.  Odlin  di- 
ed Dec.  6,  1729.  Mr.  Odlin  was  in  the  ministry  till  he  died, 
in  1754,  in  the  72d  year  of  his  age. 

In  1710,  the  Rev.  John   Cotton,  of  Hampton,  died,  and 


Genealogy.  !2fi9 

the  same  year  the  Rev.  Nathaniel  Gookiw  surxecdcd  him  in 
the  ministry.  AjT.  Gookin  was  son  of  Rev.  Nathaniel  Gou- 
kin  of  Cambridge,  and  grandson  of  Gen.  Daniel  Gookin, 
author  of  the  Historical  Collections  of  the  Indians  in  New- 
England,  who  came  from  England  lo  V;rginia,  in  1621,  and 
thence  lo  Cambridge  in  1G44.  The  General  visited  Lon- 
don, in  1656,  and  was  commissioned  by  Cromwell,  lo  invite 
the  people  of  Massachusetts  to  transport  themselves  to 
Jamaica,  which  had  been  conqufred  from  tht  Spaniards. 
Rev.  Mr.  Gookin,  of  Hampton,  was  graduated  at  Harvard 
College,  in  1703.  He  published  three  sermons  occasioned 
by  the  earthfjuake,  in  October,  1727,  to  which  is  ailded,  an 
account  of  the  earthquake,  and  something  remarkable  of 
thunder  and  lightning,  in  Hampton.  He  contiimed  in  the 
ministry  till  his  death,  August  25,  1734,  at  the  age  of  47. 
His  son,  Nathaniel,was  the  first  minister  of  North-Hampton, 
in  this  State. 

[To  be  continued.'\ 


^nxt^loQital* 


jHi'he  Editors  will  occasionally  devote  a  page  or  tvro  of  the  Colleclioos 
to  genealogical  researches,  and  will  thankfully  acknowledge  any 
coramunications  of  this  kind,  when  connected  with  historical  events, 
or  having  relation  to  families  distinguished  in  the  military,  civil,  po- 
litical, or  literary  history  of  New- England.] 

Account  of  the  Danforth  family,  from  their  first  arrival  in 
Mtzo-Erigland,  in  1634,  to  the  \Bih  century. 

The  great  ancestor  of  the  name  of  Danforth  in  New- 
England  was  Rev.  Nicholas  Danforth,  who  came  from  Suf- 
folk in  England  in  1634,  and  settled  at  Cambridge.  (See  our 
Collections  for  March,  IS^.^,  p.  65.)  He  brought  with  him 
three  sons,  all  worthy  and  distinguished  men. 

1.  Thomas  Danforth,  born  in  1624,  was  the  deputy  gov- 
ernor of  Massachusetts  and  president  of  Maine,  and  was 
much  employed  in  the  service  of  the  Massachusetts  colony. 
In  the  time  of  the  witchcraft  delusion  in  1692,  he  evinced 
the  correctness  of  his  judgment  and  his  firmness,  by  con- 
demning the  proceedings  of  the  courts.  He  had  but  one  son, 
as  we  are  informed  by  Dr.  Eliot,  who  graduated  at  Harvard 
college  in  1  071  ;  went  to  England,  and  there  died  at  an  early 
period  of  life,  without  issue.     A  daughter  of  Gov.  Danforth 


270  Genealogy. 

married  Rev.  Joseph  Whiting  of  L^'nn,  afterwards  of  South- 
Harapton,  Long  Island,  and  she  was  the  mother  of  Rev. 
John  Whiting,  minister  of  Concord,  who  was  born  at  Lynn, 
June  20,  1681  ;  graduated  at  Harvard  college  in  1700  ;  or- 
dained May  14,  1712,  and  died  May  4, 1752,  aged  71.  It  is 
believed  there  are  descendants  of  (Jeputy  gov.  D.,  in  the  fe- 
male line,  still  living  in  Massachusetts. 

2.  Samuel  Danforth  was  liorn  in  1626  :  graduated  at 
Harvard  colleg<>  in  1643  ;  was  ordained  as  colleague  with 
the  apostle  Eliot  at  Roxl'ury,  in  1650.  In  1651,  he  mar- 
ried a  daughter  of  Rpv.  John  Wilson,  the  first  minister  of 
Boston,  by  whom  he  had  twelve  children.  Three  of  his  ] 
children  died  in  1659.  The  fifth  child  was  Rev.  John  Dan- 
forth, of  Dorchester,  who  o^raduated  at  Harvard  college  in 
1677  ;  was  ordained  as  colleague  with  Rev.  Mr.  Flint,  June  '\ 
28,  1682.  He  died  May  26,  1  730,  aged  78.  He  was  author 
of  several  sermons  and  poems.  Elijah  Danforth,  who  grad- 
uated at  Harvard  college  in  1  703,  a  physician  at  Castle  Wil- 
liam, now  Fort  Independence,  was  his  son.  He  died  Oct. 
8,  1 736,  aged  53.  Hon.  Samuel  Danforth,'  of  Cambridge,  ^ 
who  graduated  at  Harvard  college  in  1715  ;  who  was  presi- 
dent of  his  Majesty's  council  seven  years,  and  one  of  the 
mandamus  council,  Avas  also  his  son.  He  died  in  1  774,  aged 
81,  and  was,  it  is  believed,  the  father  of  Dr.  Samuel  Danforth, 
of  Boston,  now  living  at  a  very  advanced  age.  Dr.  Dan- 
forth is  father  of  the  late  Thomas  Danforth,  M.  M.  S.,  who 
graduated  in  1792.  Samuel,  another  son  of  Rev.  Mr.  Dan-  J 
forth,  of  Roxbury,  was  born  Dec.  18,  1666;  graduated  at  ^ 
Harvard  college  in  1683  ;  was  settled  the  Minister  of  Taun- 
ton, and  died  Nov.  14,  1727.  He  was  one  of  the  most  learn- 
ed and  eminent  ministers  in  his  day.  Jonathan,  who  gradu- 
ated at  Harvard  college  in  1679,  is  supposed  to  have  been  a 
son  of  Mr.  Danforth,  of  Roxbury,  though  Mr.  Winthrop 
thinks  he  was  son  of  the  deputy  governor.  He  died  Nov. 
13,  1682,  aged  24.  Mr.  Danforth  of  Roxbury  died  Nov.  19, 
1674,  aged  48  years.  His  widow  was  living  in  Boston  when 
the  Magnalia  was  written,  with  her  son-in-law,  Edward 
Bloomfield,  Esq. 

.  3.  Jonathan  Danforth  was  born  at  Framingham, England, 
Feb.  29,  1628  ;  married  Elizabeth  Poulter,  daughter  of  Mr. 
John  Poulter  of  Raleigh,  in  the  county  of  Essex,  England, 
by  whom  he  had  a  large  family.  Only  two  of  his  sons,  Jon- 
athan and  Samuel,  left  posterity.  Jonathan  had  a  son  and 
grandson  of  the  same  name,  and  they  all  lived  and  died  in 
Billerica.  The  name  of  Danforth  is  numerous  in  this  branch, 
and  the  records  of  births  in  Billerica  are  in  a   good  state  of 


Genealogy.  271 

preservation,  and  give  the  names  of  the  different  branches 
of  Capt.  Danfortb's  family.  Capt.  Drmforth  died  Sept.  7, 
1712,  aged  84.     [-See  Coll.  for  March,  p.  66.] 


Sn  account   of  the    Vamum  Family  from  their  frst  coming 
from  England  into  America. 

Samuel  Varnum  married  Sarah  Langton  and  moved  from 
a  place  called  Dracut,  supposed  to  be  in  Wales,  and  came  to 
Ainerica.  He  settled  in  Ipswich,  in  the  county  of  Essex,  in 
Massachuseits.  He  brought  with  him  two  sons  and  one 
daughter:  one  son,  named  Thcma?,  was  born  at  Ipswich. 
He  afterwards  removed  to  Chelmsford,  and  settled  near 
the  Howard's  on  Merrimack  river.  He  had  purcha- 
sed land  on  the  north  side  of  the  river,  where  he  pastur- 
ed his  cattle.  One  morning,  in  Qie  year  1676,*  in  crossing 
the  river  in  a  boat  with  his  two  sons  and  daughter,  to  milk 
the  cows,  attended  by  a  guard  of  soldi-  rs,  the  Indians  lying 
in  ambush  fired  on  thf  m  as  the  boat  struck  the  shore,  and 
killed  the  two  sons  who  were  at  the  oars.  One  fell  back  into 
his  sister's  lap  as  she  was  sitting  behind  him.  The  soldiers 
were  so  alarmed  as  not  to  five  until  called  upon  by  Varnum, 
who  fired  and  called  not  to  "let  dead  men  be  at  the  oars." 
The  sons  were  buried  in  Howard's  fitld  near  the  river.  The 
Indians  fled,  uncertain  whether  they  had  killed  any  or  not. 
Soon  after,  peace  was  made  with  the  Indians,  and  Mr.  Var- 
num settled  on  the  land  he  owned  in  Dracut,  he  being  the 
first  settler.  About  the  same  time  a  Coburn  family  began  a 
settlement  near  him.  A  short  time  afterwards,  another  son 
xvas  born  to  Mr.  Varnum.  The  Indians,  the  lather  being  ab- 
sent and  no  white  person  being  near,  attended  on  the  mother: 
they  di-essed  the  child  in  their  manner,  with  wampum,called 
it  their  white  king  and  white  pappoose,  and  sang  and  danc- 
ed with  the  child  in  their  arms  on  the  banks  of  the  river, 
playing  at  the  same  time  on  jews  harps,  when  Mr.  Varnum, 
■who  had  been  after  assistance,  returned.  He  hnd  one  more 
son. who  was  named  Joseph.  Thtre  were  then  Thomas, John 
and  Joseph,  who  all  settled  near  each  other  on  land  purchas- 
ed by  their  father.  Being  often  alarmed  by  the  frequent 
depredations  of  the  Indians,  they  built  a  block  house,  bullet 
proof,in  which  all  the  inhabitants  assembled  at  night  to  sleep. 
In  order  to  prevent*  the  Indians  from  cominj";  near  without 
notice,  they  placed  guns  loadedjwiih  lines  fixed  in  every  direc- 

*  See  Hubbard's  Hist.  Indiam  Wars. 


572  Genealogy. 

tioD,  so  that  no  one  could  approach  without  striking  some  of, 
the  lines  so  as  to  discharge  a  gun.  One  night,  a  horse  came 
and  was  shot  by  one  ol'  the  guns.  His  groans  and  struggling 
were  heard  by  the  people  within,  who,supposing  that  Indians 
were  without,  durst  not  go  out  till  the  approach  of  day-light, 
when  one  of  their  horses  was  found  dead. 

1.  Thomas,  the  oldest  son,  settled  in  Dracut,  married 
a  Jewett,  of  Ipswich.  He  had  two  sons,  Samuel  and  Thom- 
a,o,  and  one  daughter.  Samuel  married  a  Goodhue,  and  di- 
ed in  the  prime  of  life,  leaving  one  son  and  four  daughters. 
Thomas  married  S^rah  Coburn,  and  died  about  one  year  af- 
ter, leaving  one  son,  (Thomas,")  who  inherited  his  father's 
estate.  He  married  Mary  Atkins,  had  five  sons  and  four 
daughters;  died  in  1805,  aged  57.  His  wife  died  Feb.  10, 
1813,  aged  56. 

2.  John  married  Dolly  Prescott  of  Groton  ;  had  four  sons 
and  three  daughters,  and  died  aged  40.  The  sons  were 
John,  Abraham,  Jonas  and  James,  of  whom  the  two  first 
settled  in  Dracut ;  Jonas  settled  in  Pepperell,  and  James  in 
Chester,  all  having  posterity.  John  was  one  of  Capt.  Love- 
well's  men  on  his  first  excursion  to  the  northward  of  lake 
Winnepisiogee.  He  married  Phebe  Parker,  and  had  thir- 
teen children,  the  four  oldest  of  whom  were  daughters.  He 
died  July  26,  1785,  aged  80.  His  wife  died  January  31, 
1786,  aged  74.  John,  the  oldest  son,  died  at  Crown 
Point  in  1760,  aged  21,  being  a  lieutenant  in  the  army. 
Parker,  the  2d  son,  born  Feb.  1742,  married  Dorcas 
Brown  of  Tewksbury  ;  lived  on  the  paternal  farm  ;  had  fif- 
teen children.  James,  the  3d  son,  was  an  active  and  valua- 
able  officer  of  the  revolutionary  war  in  which  he  served  four 
years.  He  was  afterwards  a  colonel  of  the  militia,  and  is 
still  living  in  Dracut,  having  had  by  three  wivps,  three  child- 
ren. Peter,  the  4th  son,  died  young.  Jonas,  the  5th  son, 
who  married  Polly  Parker,  grand-daughter  of  Rev.  Thomas 
Pa:rker,  the  first  minister  of  Dracut — has  three  sons  and 
one  daughter. 

3.  Joseph,  the  youngest  son,  was  severely  wounded  by 
the  Indians.  He  had  three  sons,  Joseph,  Samuel  and  John, 
who  all  settled  in  Dracut.  Joseph  was  a  colonel  of  the 
Militia.  He  lived  with  his  father ;  had  two  sons  and  a 
daughter  by  his  first  wife,  and  two  sons  by  a  second,  viz. 
Bradley  and  Joseph. 

The  late  Hon.  Joseph  Bradley  Varnum,  for  many  years 
a  member  of  the  House  of  Representatives  in  Congress,  and 
for  several  sessions  its  Speaker,  and  Major  General  of  the 
third  division  of  Massachusetts  Militia,  was  a  descendant  of 
this  familV' 


(  273  ) 


■Sketches  of  the  character  of  the  Bcv.Smxvkl  Macclintock,/).D., 
Intepasior  of  the  church  of  Christ  at  Greenland,  JS''.  H. — 
Written  hy  the  laie  Rev.  Joseph  Buckminster,  D.  D. 

THE  subject  of  the  ensuing  memoirs  was  the  son  of  Mr. 
William  Macclintock,  who  came  from  the  North  of  Ireland, 
and  settled  at  Medford,  near  Boston,  in  the  character  of  a 
respectable  farnier.  He  was  the  husband  of  four  wives,  ihe 
father  of  19  children,  and  lived  to  be  90  years  old.  His 
third  wife  accompanipd  him  to  this  country,  and  of  her  this 
son  was  born  at  Medford.  May  I,  1732.  His  parents  bcins^ 
in  the  Presbyterian  connection,  their  children  were  early  in- 
structcd  in  the  principles  of  the  christian  religion,  both  by 
their  minister  and  parents,  according  to  the  rules  that  wer^^^ 
then  observed  in  that  denomination.  Destined  probably  by 
his  parents,  and  designed  by  Providence,  for  a  public  educa- 
tion, he  was  early  pat  to  the  grammar  school  at  Medford  ; 
from  thence  he  was  removed  to  the  grammar  school  at  Con- 
cord, under  the  instruction  of  the  celebrated  Master  Minot, 
and  from  thence  he  removed  to  an  Academy  near  North- 
Hampton,  Mass.,  under  the  preceptorship  of  Mr.  Abcrcrom- 
bie,  a  clergyman  eminent  for  his  learning  and  piety.  From 
this  Academy  he  entered  Princeton  college,  in  New-Jersey, 
whose  reputation  stood  high  among  its  sister  seminaries,  and 
particularly  for  forming  candidates  for  the  ministry,  having 
been  distinguished  by  a  succession  of  Presidents  eminent  in 
theology  and  in  pulpit  talents.  From  this  college,  he  pro- 
ceeded Bachelor  of  Arts,  in  the  year  1751.  And,  as  the 
most  unequivocal  proof  of  his  reputation  as  a  scholar,  and 
of  the  rank  that  he  held  in  the  estimation  of  the  governor? 
of  the  college,  he  was  invited  by  President  Burr  to  the  of- 
fice of  Tutor  before  the  year  expired  ;  but  his  engagements 
in  a  school,  and  the  solicitation  of  friends,  in  and  near  Bos- 
ton, induced  him  to  decline  the  acceptance  of  that  oirice,with 
reference  to  which  event  this  remark  fell  from  his  own  pen — 
'■'  In  this,  among  a  thousand  instances,  we  may  see  the  hand 
of  a  governing  Providence,  in  disposing  our  situation  and 
circumstances  in  life,  contrary  to  our  plans  and  inclinations. 
Had  I  accepted  this  offer,  it  is  altogether  improbable  I  should 
Have  fixed  my  residence  for  life  ijn  this  part  of  the  country.'^ 
35 


!274  Biography  of  Rev.  Dr.  Macclintock. 

To  a  prepaKation  for  the  work  of  the  ministry  the  Doctor 
early  directed  his  studies,  doubtless  from  a  predilection  that 
arose  from  a  love  to  Christ,  and  a  desire  to  "  feed  his  sheep 
and  lambs,"  for  his  natural  abilities  were  so  distinguished, 
his  genius  so  universal,  and  his  acquirements  so  liberal,  that 
he  would  have  appeared  with  eminence,  in  either  of  the 
learned  professions;  but  to  the  service  of  Christ  in  his 
church,  he  consecrated  them  all,  and  directed  his  undivided 
attention  to  the  study  of  Divinity,  and  rendered  his  lighter 
]'eading  subservient  to  this  main  design.  Soon  after  he  com- 
menced a  preacher,he  was  affectionately  noticed  and  patron- 
ized by  the  Rev.  Mr.M'Gregore  of  Londonderry,  and  invited 
to  make  his  house  his  homc,which  he  did  during  the  time  that 
he  preached  as  a  candidate.  Being  occasionally  on  a  jour- 
ney from  Newbury  to  Portsmouth,  he  was  invited  to  preach 
a  lecture  at  Greenland,  and  such  was  the  effect  of  this  acci- 
dental discourse,  that  they  invited  him  to  assist  their  then 
aged  pastor,  the  Rev.  Mr.  Allen,  and  soon  gave  him  a 
unanimous  call  to  settle  with  him  in  the  work  of  the  minis- 
try. The  unanimit}'^  and  affection  discovered  on  this  occa- 
sion, led  him  to  sacrifice  far  more  ffaitering  worldly  pros- 
pects, to  what  he  thought  the  call  of  duty,  and  induced  him 
to  accept  the  invitation  that  was  presented  him.  His  nat- 
ural and  acquired  endowments,  join'  d  to  a  love  for  close  ap- 
plication, soon  exhibited  him  an  able  and  thorough  divine, 
•singularly  qualified  to  vindicate  and  defend  the  faith  once 
delivered  to  the  saints,  to  confute  gain-sayers,  and  to  put  to 
silence  the  ignoiance  of  foolish  men.  For  the  field  of  con- 
troversy he  had  no  predilection,  apprehending  that  religious 
controversy  did  not  ordinarily  promote  the  cause  of  piety, 
but  whenever  he  was  drawn,  or  forced  into  it,  they  had  occa- 
sion to  repent,  who  had  imposed  the  necessity. 

The  strain  of  Dr.Macclintock's  preaching  wns  evangelical, 
serious,  instructive,  plain  and  practical ;  his  style  manly  and 
nervous,  his  delivery  solemn  and  unaffected.  His  sermons 
were  always  the  fruit  of  close  application,  and  finished  with 
a  degree  of  accuracy,  that  few  attempt,  and  much  fewer  at- 
tain. As  a  sermonizer  and  preacher,  the  Doctor  stood  in 
high  reputation  in  this  part  of  the  country,  and  his  brethren 
in  the  ministry  thought  themselves  favored  when  they  could 
have  an  opnortunity  to  be  his  hearers. 

In  devotional  exercises,  the  Doctor  always  appeared  hum- 
ble, serious,  solemn  and  affecting.  He  insensiMy  led  those 
that  joined  wjth  him,  into  the  presence  chamber  of  the  be- 
ing whom  he  addressed,  and  excited  emotions  of  adoiatlon 
and  humility, — corresponding  to  the  greatness  of  Jehovah 


Biography  of  Rev,  Dr.  Macclintock.  275 

«nd  the  littleness  of  man.  His  manner  in  prayer  was  so  de- 
liberate, that  sometimes  it  seemed  to  approach  hesitancy  ; 
but  those  whose  devotions  he  led  were  always  relieved  and 
edified,  by  the  pertinency  and  fitness  of  his  expressions, 
which  were  ''•  like  apples  of  gold  in  pictures  of  silver."  A 
good  natural  constitution  and  iminterruptod  health,  joined  to 
great  activity  and  diligence,  enabled  the  Doctor  not  only  to 
study  much,  but  to  attend  to  those  parochial  visits,  which  arc 
expected  of  a  minister,  and  to  aflbrd  instruction,  support  and 
consolation  to  the  sick  and  afflicted.  Though  habitually 
grave  and  serious,  he  relished  and  enjoyed  cheerful  conver- 
•^ation,  and  knew  how  to  direct  and  convert  it  to  the  purposes 
of  edification.  By  constitution  and  discipline,  he  was  mer- 
cifully free  from  that  vein  of  raelincholy  and  depression  of 
spirit,  which  sometimes  shades  the  lustre  of  eminent  piety 
in  thecontcnip1ntiv-e  and  studious.  His  friendships  were  sin- 
<iere,  ardent  and  lasting;  and  he  was  ready  to  gratify  the 
wishes  of  his  friends,  whenever  it  could  be  done  ;  and  afford 
assistance  whenever  it  was  needed.  The  hospitality  of  his 
house  was  eminently  exemplary,  rising  to  the  full  import  of 
the  apostolic  injunction  to  bishops,  to  be   '■^ given  to  hospital- 

Fi'om  constitution  and  principle  being  opposed  to  all  civil 
and  religious  impositions,  to  all  encroachments  upon  the 
rights  of  conscience  or  of  men,  he  entered  warmly  into  the 
defence  of  his  country's  rights,  \j^hen  threatened  and  invaded 
by  the  claims  of  Great-Britain.  When  the  dispute  had  ad- 
vanced to  the  ultimate  resort,  and  the  solemn  appeal  was 
made  to  the  God  of  battle,  being  in  the  vigor  and  activity  ot 
life,  he  once  and  again  visited  those,  who  "jeoparded  their 
lives  in  the  high  places  of  the  field?'  in  the  character  of 
their  chaplain  ;  by  his  exhortations,  prayers  and  example, 
encouraging  and  animating  them  to  the  unequal  conflict. — 
When  at  home,  he  demonstrated  his  willingness  to  bear  the 
burden  with  his  people,  by  constantly  preaching  to  them,  and 
yet  laboring  with  his  own  hands  to  supply  the  deficiency  of 
his  small  salary,  rendered  more  inadequate,  by  *the  circum- 
stances of  the  times,  to  the  support  of  a  numerous  family 
which  God  had  given  him.  For  among  other  disprnsa'ions 
of  Providence,  which  tended  (o  fix  the  Doctor  in  this  pai't  of 
the  country,  and  to  render  his  life  respectable  and  happy, 
he  was  accidentally  led,  on  his  first  visit  to  Portsmouth,  to 
an  acquaintance  with  a  most  excellent  and  worthy  lady, 
whose  memory  is  still  dear  to  all  who  knew  her,  whom  he 
married  in  the  fall  of  the  year  1 754,  and  with  whom  he  liv- 


-276  Biography  of  Rev.  Dr.  Macclintock» 

ed  31  years,  and  had  15  children,*  many  of  whom   he  waw. 

*  Dr.  Macclintock  had  four  sons  eng-aged  in  the  revolutionary  war  at 
the  same  time,  viz  :  Nathaniel,  Samuel,  William  and  John.  Nathaniel, 
the  oldest  of  the  family,  was  born  March  21,  1757,  and  received  bis  edu- 
cation at  Harvard  College,  where  he  wai  graduated  in  1775,  at  the  age 
of  eigh'een.  Being  in  Boston  at  the  commencement  of  the  war,  he  had 
the  offei  of  an  ensign's  commission  in  the  British  army,  but  he  declined 
a  place  so  tempting  to  youthful  ambition,  and  espoused  the  cause  of  lib- 
erty and  his  country.  Soon  after  the  battle  of  Lexington,he  joined  the 
American  army  as  Lieutenant  of  one  of  the  companies  in  the  N.  H.  line; 
was  soon  apnomted  Adjutant  in  6o».  Poor's  regiment,  and  promoted  to 
the  rank  of  Brigide  Major  when  Poor  was  advanced  to  that  of  Brigadier 
General.  He  was  with  Gen.  Washington's  army  at  the  capture  of  the 
Hessians  at  Trenton  in  1776,  and  was  very  active  on  that  memorable 
night,  especirtlly,  in  conveying  the  enemy,  after  the  capture,  across  the 
river.  The  soldiers  suffered  severelj  on  that  occasion.  Man}'  were  so 
destitute  of  sboes  and  stockings  that  their  footsteps  on  the  snow  and  ice 
were  imprinted  with  blood,  yet  they  cheerfully  performed  their  duly. 
He  was  at  riconJeroga,and  in  the  various  engs.gemenfs  with  Burgoyne's 
army  until  its  final  capture.  His  letters  to  his  father  while  in  the  army 
exhihit  a  noble  enthusiasm  in  the  public  service.  His  talents  and  edu- 
cation gave  him  great  advantages,  and  his  character  as  an  officer  was  so 
high  in  the  estimation  of  Washington  and  all  the  general  officers,  that 
before  he  was  twenty-one  years  of  age,  he  was  promoted  over  all  the 
captains  in  the  regiment  to  a  majority  in  the  line.  The  "fBcers,  who 
were  thus  superseded,  although  they  entertained  the  highest  opinion  of 
his  talents  and  usefulness  in  the  army,  and  felt  disposed  to  make  every 
sacrifice  consistent  Wkth  honor  to  retain  him,  were  induced  by  a  regard 
for  their  rank,  to  remonstrate  against  this  appointment. 

Believing  that,  under  these  peculiar  circumstances,  the  good  of  the 
service  and  the  prosperity  of  the  great  cause  for  which  we  were  con- 
tending, required  his  resignation,  he  tendered  it  to  Gen.  Washington, 
assigning  the  above  circumstances  as  the  only  cause.  Sensible  of  the 
force  of  Maj.  Macclinlock's  reasons.  Gen.  Washington  accepted  hisie- 
signation,  and  he  retired  from  the  army  much  regretted  by  the  Com- 
mander in  Chief  and  all  the  General  officers  of  his  acquaintance.  He 
returned  home  in  1779.  Wishing  to  do  something  more  in  the  service 
of  his  country,  be  embarked  as  Captain  of  marines  on  board  the  private 
armed  ship  Gen.  Sullivan,  of  20  guns.  Captain  Manning,  commaBder, 
and  having  captured  a  British  ship  of  war,  they  manned  her  to  cruize 
in  company.  Maj.  M.  was  second  to  his  friend,  Lieut.  Broadstreet,  in 
command  of  this  ship.  In  an  engagement  in  1780,  under  great  disadvan- 
tage, with  two  of  the  enemy's  ships  of  vastly  superior  force,  Lt.  Broad- 
street's  ship  was  captu'ed  and  Maj.  Macclintock  was  killed  by  a  ball 
through  his  head.  Thus  fell  as  promising  a  young  man  as  the  state  of 
New-Hampshire  at  that  time  contained. 

Samuel  was  born  Feb.  21,  1758,  and  was  a  midshipman  on  board  the 
Rolla  frigate  in  the  U.  S.  service.  He  was  afterwards  a  Lieutenant  of 
a  private  ship  of  war,  and  was  lost  at  sea  m  a  merchant  vessel. 

William  was  born  Feb.  4,  1759,  was  a  soldier  in  the'army,  and  killed 
at  the  battle  of  Trenton. 

John,  the  only  one  of  the  four,  who  survived  the  war,  now  lives  at 
Portsmouth.  He  was  born  Aug.  28,  1761,  was  in  four  different  private 
armed  ships,  in  three  actions,  and  was  successively  mate,  prizeaiaster 
and  Lieutenant  before  twenty  years  of  age. 


Biography  of  Rev.  Dr.  Macclinioclc.  277 

isallcd  to  part  with  after  they  had  arrived  to  the  years  of 
manhood,  but  those  trying  scenes  and  especially  the  loss  of 
the  wife  of  his  youth,  who  was  taken  from  him  the  fourth 
day  of  August  1785,  leaving  behind  her,  as  he  himself  notes 
"that  good  name  which  is  better  than  rubies,"  brought  into 
vif-w  an  eminent  trait  in  the  Doctor's  character,  his  firmness 
and  lortitude  of  mind,  and  tested  his  submission  and  resigna- 
tion to  divine  Providence.  He  received  those  strokes  with 
uncommon  firmness  and  equanimity,  and  bowed  submissive 
to  the  will  of  God,  frequently  exprcssi.'g  his  desire,  to  have 
no  will  but  his,  and  to  *•'  be  still  and  know  that  he  is  God." 
After  a  solitary  interval  of  mourning  widow  hood,  he  married 
the  amiable  lady,  who  still  survives  to  feel  his  loss.  By  her 
he  had  one  son. 

With  an  uncommon  series  of  uninterrupted  health,  and  a- 
bility  for  fatigue  and  active  service,  the  Doctor  surpassed 
the  period  allotted  to  human  life.  He  was  much  more  appre- 
hensive of  encroaching  debility  than  any  of  his  friends,  and 
for  many  months  frequently  intimated  his  persuasion  that  he 
had  not  long  to  live,  making  the  minutes,  and  giving  the  direc- 
tions which  he  wished  to  have  observed  at  the  occurrence  of 
such  an  event ;  yet  wath  very  little  interruption  he  continued 
his  ministerial  services  until  the  Sabbath  before  his  death. 
The  annual  Fast,  which  was  the  19ih  of  April,  was  the  last 
of  his  preaching,  and  what  was  remarkable,  upon  his  return 
to  his  family  he  observed  that  he  had  done  preaching.  His 
complaints,  which  at  first  did  not  alarm  his  friends,  soon  put 
on  a  threatening  aspect,  and  increased  so  rapidly,  that  they 
had  but  little  opportunity  to  receive  his  dying  counsel,  or  to 
hear  his  attestations  to  the  truth  of  religion.  In  an  interview 
of  one  of  his  brethren  in  the  ministry  with  him  the  day  be- 
fore he  died,  though  he  was  able  to  speak  but  little,  "he  pro- 
fessed his  firm  belief  of  the  truth  of  the  christian  religion  ; 
and  said,  that  his  entire  dependence  and  hope  was  upon  that 
Gospel  which  he  had  preached  to  others."  He  expressed  a 
willingness  to  live  or  die,  and  added  "  a  desire  to  have  no 
will  but  God's."  He  continued  until  the  morninsr  of  the  27th 
of  April,  1804,  when  he  exchanged  this  world  for  another, 
and  is,  we  trust,  reaping  the  reward  of  a  faithful  servant  in 
the  kingdom  of  God. 

The  extreme  aversion  of  the  Doctor  to  all  parade  and  os- 
tentation, led  him  to  direct  his  executors  to  have  his  funeral 
solemnities  performed  with  as  little  formality  as  would  satis- 
fy the  wishes  of  his  parishioners  and  friends.  A  similar  prin- 
ciple influenced  him  to  direct  all  his  sermons  to  be  burned 


278  Miscellanies Xo,  IIL 

except  a  small  number  which  he  permitted  his  children  to  se- 
lect. And  still  farther,  so  great  was  his  aversion  to  have 
any  thing  distinguished  at  his  grave  that  he  directed  his  exe- 
cutor, if  he  thought  proper  to  do  any  thing,  to  place  but  a 
plain  stone  there,  for  which  he  left  the  following  inscription, 
now  filled  up  by  the  compiler  of  these  memoirs  : — 

"To  the  memory  of  Samuel  Macclintock.D.  D.  who  died 
April  27,  1 804,  in  the  72d  year  of  his  age,  and  the  48th  of  his 
ministry. 

"His  body  rests  here  in  the  certain  hope  of  a  resurrection 
to  life  and  immortality,  when  Christ  shall  appear  a  second 
time,  to  destroy  the  last  enemy  death,  and  to  consummate 
the  great  design  of  his  mediatorial  kingdom." 


^imtllmiit^....Mo.  KKK» 


The  Royal  Society  was  established  at  London  by  King 
Charles  II.  in  the  year  1662.  The  following  Americans 
have,  at  different  periods,  been  elected  Fellows  of  the  Soci- 
ety :  Cotton  Mather,  Paul  Dudley,  John  Winthrop,  Benja- 
min Franklin,  James  Bowdoin,  John  Leverett  and  Nathan- 
iel Bowditch,  of  Massachusetts  ;  John  Winthrop,  Fitz  John 
Winthrop  and  David  Humphreys,  of  Connecticut ;  James 
Morgan  and  David  Rittenhouse,  of  Pennsylvania  ;  William 
Byrd  and  Silas  Taylor,  of  Virginia  ;  and  David  Hosack, 
of  Kezo-York. 

John  Winthrop  was  the  son  of  Gov.  Winthrop.  He  ar- 
rived in  Boston  from  England  in  Oct.  1635;  was  several 
years  governor  of  Connecticut  ;  died  at  Boston,  April  5, 
1676,  in  his  71st  year. 

Fitz  John  Winthrop,  the  first  governor  of  Connecticut, 
was  born  in  Ipswich,  Mass.  1638.  He  died  at  Boston,  Nov. 
27,  1707,  aged  69. 

John  Winthrop,  was  son  of  Adam  Winthrop  ;  graduated 
at  Harvard  college  in  1732;  was  a  professor  of  mathemat- 
ics and  natural  philosophy.  He  died  May  3,  1779,  in  his 
66th  year. 

John  Leverett  was  grandson  of  governor  Leverett  ;  grad- 
uated at  Harvard  College  in  1680;  was  afterwards  its 
President.     He  died  May  3,  1724. 

Cotton  Mather,  well  known  as  the  author  of  the  Magna- 
lia,  was  son  of  Dr.   Increase  Mather,  was  born  in   Boston. 


jMiscellan'n:s....Ko.  III.  279 

Feb.  12,  1G63,  graduated  at  Harvard  College  1678;  died 
at  Boston,  Fe!).  13,  1728,  aged  65  years.  His  publications 
amounted  to  382,  besides  several  large  \vorks  leit  prepared 
for  the  press. 

Paul  Dudley,  chief  justice  of  ]\Tassachusetts,  graduated 
•at  Harvard  College  1690;  died  atRoxbury,  Jan.  21,  1751. 

David  Rittenhouse,  was  born  in  Germantown,  Penn.  April 
8,  1732  ;  died  June  26,  1796,  in  his  65th  year. 

James  Bowdoin,  governor  of  Massachusetts,  was  born  in 
Boston,  Aug.  18,  1727 ;  graduated  at  Harvard  College  in 
1745  ;  died  Nov.  6,  1790,  in  his  64th  year. 

Benjamin  Franklin  was  born  in  Boston,  Jan.  17,  170G  ; 
died  April  17,  1790,  &ged  84. 


Notices  of  the  Church  in  Chelmsford,  Mass. 

The  town  of  Chelmsford  was  granted  by  the  General 
Court  of  Massachusetts  to  several  of  the  inhabitants  of 
Concord  and  VVoburn,  on  the  19th  of  May,  1653.  Its  set- 
tlement commenced  the  same  year  by  emigrants  from  those 
tovvns.  In  1655,  there  was  an  accession  of  inhabitants  from 
Wenham,  in  which  town  a  congregational  church  was  gath- 
ered October  8,  1644,  and  Rev.  John  Fiske  was  constituted 
its  pastor.  This  church,  the  25t}i  formed  in  Massachusetts 
colony,  is  supposed  to  have  been  translated  in  its  organized, 
state  from  Wenham  to  Chelmsford,  as  we  informed  by  Dr. 
Mather,  that  Mr.  Fiske '"  removed,  with  the  major  part  of 
his  church  to  another  new  town,  called  Chelmsford."  Rev. 
John  Fiske  was  born  in  the  parish  of  St.  James,  in  the  coun- 
ty of  Suffolk,  England,  about  the  year  1601  ;  was  educated 
at  Emanuel  College  in  Cambridge,  and  after  preparatory 
studies  entered  upon  the  work  of  the  ministry.  In  1637- 
he  came  to  New-England :  resided  a  short  time  at  Cam- 
bridge, and  from  thence  removed  to  Salem,  where  he  tar- 
ried about  three  years.  About  the  year  1642,  he  went  to 
Wenham,  from  whence  ho  removed  to  Chelmsford  in  1655, 
where  he  died  January  1 4,  1676,  leaving  four  children,  one  of 
whom.  Rev.  Moses  Fiske,  was  the  minister  of  Braintrce. 
Mr.  Fiske  was  succeeded  in  the  ministry  at  Chelmsford  by 
Rev.  Thomas  Clark,  who  graduated  at  Harvard  College 
1670.  He  w^ns  born  in  Boston  about  the  year  1652  ;  was  or- 
dained in  1677;  dif  d  Dec.  7,  1704,  in  the  52d  year  of  his 
age  and  27th  of  his  ministry.  Mr.  Clark  was  succeeded  by 
Rev.  Samson  Stoddard,  who  graduated  at  Harvard  College 
1 70 1 .     He  was  ordained  July  25,  1 706  ;  died  Aug.  23, 1 740, 


S80  Miscellanies ^o.  III. 

about  60  years  of  age,  and  was  succeeded  by  Rev.  Ebene- 
zer  Bridge.  Mr.  Bridge  was  a  native  of  Boston  ;  born  in 
1714  ;  graduated  at  Harvard  College  in  1736,  and  was  or- 
dained May  20,  1741.  He  died  October  1,  1792,  aged  78, 
having  been  in  the  ministry  more  than  47  years.  Mr. 
Bridge  was  succeeded  by  Rev.  Hezekiah  Packard  (now 
D.  D.  and  settled  in  Wiscasset)  on  the  16th  October,  1793. 
Mr,  Packard  graduated  at  Harvard  College  in  1787,  and 
"w^as  a  tutor  in  that  institution  four  years.  He  was  dismis- 
sed by  an  ecclesiastical  council,  July  11, 1802.  Rev.  Wilkes 
Allen  succeeded  Mr.  Packard.  He  graduated  at  Harvard 
College  1801,  and  was  ordained  November  16,  1803.  From 
the  first  establishment  of  the  church  in  1644,  to  the  present 
time  (1823,)  it  has  not  been  destitute  of  a  settled  minister 
more  than  seven  years. 


Middlesex  CanaL 

The  Canal  round  Pawtucket  Falls,  in  Chelmsford,  near 
which  the  valuable  and  extensive  factories  are  situated,  was 
opened  in  the  year  1797.  The  occasion  called  together  a 
great  concourse  of  people  from  the  vicinity  and  from  the 
neighboring  towns.  The  Rev.  Mr.  Allen,  in  his  history  of 
Chelmsford,  relates  a  novel  scene  which  occurred  at  the 
time.  "  Some  hundreds  of  men,  women,  and  children  were 
collected,  and  stood  around  and  upon  the  locks  to  witness 
the  passing  of  a  boat,  in  which  were  the  Directors  and  oth- 
er gentlemen,  invited  by  them  to  take  a  trip  through  the 
locks.  Scarcely  had  they  entered  the  first  lock  when  the 
sides  suddenly  gave  way.  The  w^atcr  bursting  upon  the 
spectators  with  great  violence,  carried  many  down  the 
stream.  Infants  were  separated  from  their  mothers,  child- 
ren from  their  parents,  wives  from  their  husbands,  young 
ladies  from  their  gallants,  and  men,  women,  timber  and  brok- 
en boards  and  planks  were  seen  promiscuously  floating  in 
the  water.  "  Js''antes — rari  apparent  in  gurgife  vaslo.'^^  Some 
had  their  clothes  partially,  others  almost  entirely  torn 
from  them.  Mothers  were  shrieking  for  their  lost  children, 
husbands  swimming  in  search  of  their  wives  and  daughters, 
paleness  sat  on  the  countenances  and  anxiety  filled  the  hearts 
of  those  on  shore  for  the  safety  of  their  friends  in  the  wa- 
ter. All  at  length  came  safely  to  land  without  any  material 
injury.  Thus  ended  the  amusement  of  that  memorable 
day.^' 


Miscellanies. ...Ko.  Ill,  281 

CONTINUED. 


Durham,  Janry.  1,  1739—10. 
)>:ouRABLE  Sir, 

VVilh  Tlinnkfiill  Remrmbrnncc  of  ^'hc  Many  Favours 
You've  formerly  Vouchs.ifctI  To  Me,  In  Your  so  Generous 
Helps  Performed  (As  I  Hope)  For  CHRIST  HIMSELF, 
Accppind  Likewise  0{\  And  To  Be  Rewarded  Temporally 
and  Eternally  Bv  HEM  ;  As  Done  To  HIS  Heavenly  Roy- 
al PERSON,  FATHER  AND'S  HOLY  SPIRIT,  tho'  mc  di^ 
alcly  Done  unto  the  least  ot's  Minis'.erial,  or  Sincprely^ 
Friendiy-Brctliren.  As  For  the  Continuence  of  our  Coi- 
leo;iato  Brother  And  Friend  In  His  Government  Yet  Over 
us,  The  Excellent  Jonathan  Belcher,  Esq^^e  .  |n  The  Six 
Months  past  more  Especially  According  TO'S  Faithful} 
WORD  Experienc'd  As  Written  In  Joh.  'xv.  7,  Pve  Been 
Prayerlullv  Imporlunating  Our  LORD  EMMANUEL  JE- 
SUS  THE  PRINCE  Of  the  Kings  of  The  Earth,  By  WHOM 
Thcv  Rule  And  Princes,  and  Nobles,  and  All  the  Judges  of 
the  Earth;  That  (As  In  The  Year  1715  He  was  Pleased 
To  Re2:ard  My  Complaint  Against  Vicc-Guiiernator  Guiiiel- 
mus  Tailer  In'a  Proditorial  Bribery  against  Me  ;  So  (If 
Agreeable  To's  WILL,)  He  Might  Contrarily  Order)  and  HE 
Might  Please  To  Incline  The  Heart  of  our  Present  SOVE- 
REIGN, And  His  Nobles,  Each  of  Them  Therein  Concern- 
able,  To  Confirm  Our  Uncorrupted  Governour  Jonathan 
Belcher  HIS  Viceroj'  In  the  Civil  Authority  Over  Us  ;  For 
His  Commissioning  Mostly  Able  Men,  Such  as  Fear  Gv'D, 
3Ien  of  Truth,  Hating  Covetousness,  or  th.cse  Recommen- 
ded to  Him  as  Such,  For  their  Several  Respective  Offices  of 
Profit  and  Honour  :  And  likewise  that  He  our  Governour 
May  Be  Restored  To  His  Health,  and  Visit  Our  Province 
again,  To  Rule  in  the  Midst  of  His  and  Our  Enemies  ;  That 
they  may  be  found  liars  unto  us  concerning  Him  of  Whom 
and  His  Welfare  of  AfBurs  I  should  be  Glad  To  Read  or 
Heai-  Credible  Intelliirence,  If  I  might  be  Further  Favour'd. 
This  (with  My  Prayerfull  Welwishes  For  your  Person  and. 
Family)  Must  Suffice  at  Present  From 
Your  Honour's  Most 

Obliged  Servant, 

HUQH  ADAMS. 

To  the  Hon.  Mr.  Secretary,  Richard  Waldron,  Esq. 
36 


5&2S  JllisceUanies....  Ko,  IJL 

Durham,. ^pril  11,  173?, 
Honourable  Fik, 

With  My  Hearty  Thankfulness  previously  Retributed  For 
All  Your  Fricniily  R'Spccis  and  Helps  Vouchsafed  Unto 
Me,  In  The  Passage  of  My  Case  'i'hrough  the  Three  Courts 
of  The  Law,  so  free  from  Nonsuiting  Abatements  and  from 
Demurrs  upon  Appeals,  Whf  rein  I've  Suppos'd  were  consid- 
erable of  Your  Amicabh'  influences  ;  From  The  Hint  Yoaj 
Favoured  Me  with  in  Your  Letter  D.itrd  Novbr  ST^i^  last  j 
Wherein  arc  Expr«  ss'd  in  Writing  Under  Your  Own  Hand 
These  very  W  ords,  viz. 

"  Agreeable  to  your  Request,  I  have  Copyed  The  Judg- 
"ment  which  you  obtained  against  Your  Parish,  &:c. ;  1  Wish 
"you  a  double  portion  of  wi?dom  and  prudence  in  the  use 
"  of  it,  and  That  your  diffeiences  may  at  last  terminate  Iq 
"  a  comfortable  and  happy  issue."' 

Which  so  Kind  Phrases  Bear  the  Aspect  of  Real  Friend- 
ship. But  In  The  Evening  of  last  January  24th  Pul^lickly  ! 
In  Durhctm  Meeting  House  Before  An  Ecclesiastical  Coun- 
cel  of  8  Ministers  and  20  Messengers,  and  A  large  Assembly 
of  People;  I  was  Treacherously  Surprized  with  an  Unex- 
pected Allegation  (in  their  Audience)  m-ade  and  so  Proclaim- 
ed By  Ephraim  Diivis, "That  You  Told  Him,  1  had  givea 
"You  A  Bond  of  several  Hur.dreclsof  Pounds  to  Biihe  The 
"Governourand  Council,  that  I  mjght  get  my  Case,  and  tha:: 
"  You  intended  to  come  up  Your  Self  unto  the  said  Ecclesi- 
"  astick  council  (if  I  should  denie  it)  to  prove  it  to  my  h(  ad  ; 
"  that  thereby  You'd  Enough  to  Silence  me  ;  and  if  I  i\  ould 
'•  Send  You  a  line  oi  ordf  r  for  it :  You  would  Send  up  my 
"Said  Bond  and  other  papers  by  his  hand;  and  that  he 
"heard  of  it  first  from  One  of  the  Council  which  said  you 
"  had  so  informed  him  and  referred  him  said  Ephraim  D;ivis 
"  to  You,  for  confirmatif>n  thereof."  Now — 

In  Answer  unto  Your    Honour  (if  this  narrative  was   true)  I 
must  Averr. 

That  said  Bond  was  not  intended  for  A  Bribe  whir h  I 
Abhorr  in  any  Profferer  or  Rec<  iver  ;  Seeing  It  is  Written, 
In  Job  XV.  34 —  Fire  shall  consume  the  tabernacles  of  brib- 
ery, which  I  have  Remarked  in  Sundry  instances  fufilled : 
But  I  Deliver'd  said  Bond  Consci- nciously  In  Obedience 
unto  That  Sacred  Law  In  Gen.  xlvii.  27,  and  Rom.  xiii.  4,  6, 
7,  For  A  Gratefull  Tribute  intended  for  the  Rulers,  which 
should  in  Justice  and  Equity,  Overrule  the  letter,  rigour, 
and  pervert  ng  tricks  of  humane  laws,  to  Defend  the  poor 
afflicted,  and  needy,  to  Deliver  and  rid  them  out  of  the  hand 
of  the  wicked,  as«nch  Representing  Polytical  Gods  are  R«?«. 


J\JisccUaHies....Ao.  III.  283 

^\nr'd  In  P^alm  82—3,  4,  G,  7.  Besides  If  Mistaken  and 
Mi-)i,nprov'd  as  .i  bril'O,  I've  Supposed  It  my  Duty,  By  ^ly 
5aid  Bond  ot"  Security  ii[)On  My  Heirs,  Executors,  and  Ad- 
minisu";itors,  For  an  Antidote  a:;ainst  any  real  Bribes  Inten- 
ded or  ProflVr'd  by  My  Implacable  Enemies  (It  I  should  De- 
c^ase  before  The  Una!  Issue  of  My  Case)  Ab  That  Tiyal 
In  Jer.  3.),  1,  2 — 5,  6  5  Besides  (if  you  can  Remember  it) 
1  Desired,  Your  Honour  raiglu  Conceal  said  Bond,  until  af- 
ter I'lie  Final  Judgment  o!  I\ly  Depending  Case  might  be 
Passed.  Wherein  I  suppose  You  was  a  laithful  Friend, 
But  Since  Your  more  or  less  divulging  it,  has  misapprehen- 
sively  proved  it  Self  Eventually  (next  to  My  Neighbour 
John  Smith  Taverner  (who  deceased  last  Sabbath  iSight) 
his  more  influential  boUle,  house,  and  40L  of  ready  money 
which  he  told  me  Some  weelis  ago  before  his  Sickness,  He'd 
lent  mine  Enemies,  viz  The  Agents  Hubbard  Sttvens  and 
John  Woodman,  Jonathan  Tomson  and  John  Williams,  junr 
Selectmcn)*E'n  Your  communicating  narratively  said  Bond 
to  (Saul  Doeg)  Ephr.  Davis,  was  Judged  My  Most  Scandal- 
ous Crime  for  Unsettling  Me  ;  WlureW  You've  so  Huilful- 
ly  Trespassed  against  and  Despised  Me,  An<]  My  Heaveidy 
MASTER-CHRi::T,  And  I'HE  MOST-HIGH  GOD;  As 
Evident  from  Luk.  x.  16,  xvii.  3,  4,  II.  Cor.  v.  20;  therefore 
As  though  GOD  Beseecheth  You  by  Me,  I  Pray  You  In 
CHRIST'S  Stead,  be  Reconciled  to  THE  GOD  of  the 
Spirits  or  Souls  of  all  flesh  5  By  Y  nir  Turnin.i  attain  and 
Saying,  You  Rfp'nt(i.  e.  Oi'  Your  inadvcr  ent  Exposing  me 
so  unto  the  wrath  ol'  Mine  Fncmies.)  ihat  I  ma_>'  have  Lii  ence 
and  Autho'ity  from  My  Said  MASTER'S  Commandment, 
To  Say  I  Forgive  You,  And  In  Gratitude  tor  all  your  former 
and  latter  Friendship  To  US,  To  Pray  Acceptably  For  the 
Temporal  and  Eternal  Webareof  your  Honble  Person  and 
Family. 

And  altho'  the  said  Ecelesiastiek  Council  Censurid  Me 
(in  their  late  Arbitrary  and  Partial  Result  of  Advice,  Chit  f- 
ly  as  said  for  the  supposed  Crimes  of  Imprecilions  :  Never- 
theless,  Forasmuch  as  My  Said  Supreme  MASTER  Hath 
(IN'S  Sovereignty)  Been  so  Pleas'd  In  Twenty  Four  Years 
Past,  IN'S  Own  Proper  and  Special  Seasons,  To  Enable  ]\k\ 
To  More  than  Ordinary  Holiness  attained,  To  Conform 
then  with  HIS  Friendly  Proposal,  In  Joh.  xv.  7,  and  To  be 
One  (Tho' The  Junior)  of  HIS  Two  American  Witne-scs 
(The  so  Aged  and  Reverend  Mr.  Nathanael  Clap,  Pastor  of 
the  True  Church  In  N-wport,  The  Other)  To  Each  of 
Which  HE  our  LORD  JESUS  CHRIST,  UN'S  Word,  Rev. 
£!.  3,  5,  Hath  Said.  I  ^VillGive  Power  unto  MY  Witnesses, 


2S4  Miscellanks,...No.  III. 

8lc.  And  If  any  man  will  hurt  them  (i.  e.  Joyntly  or  Sev- 
erally) :  Fire  Procceucth  out  of  their  mouth  and  clevoureth 
their  Enemies,  (i.  c.  in  the  just  Mitier,  and  fervent  Manner 
of  Praycrfull  Complaints  Entered  into  the  SUPREME 
COURT,  Ever  Ope  n  In  The  Heavenly  PARADISE)  Ag..inst 
Im[ienitent  and  implacable  Emmies;  When  Ail  Earthly 
Courts  will  not  sufti.'iently  Redress  Sucii  Age;ric  vances  of 
His  Oppressed  Ambassadors.  Whether  Any  Law  Incur 
Province  Of  Ncw-Hampshiie  or  of  En2;land,  is  Criminally 
Violated  Thereby  ;  If  your  Honoui-  c-.n  and  may  convince  Me, 
It  will  oblige  me  In  conformit}'  v.  ith  your  aforesaid  Friend- 
ly Wish  ;  In  Forbearing  My  Durham  Ptopli',  Personal  En- 
emies, as  really  as  Friends.  I've  Encieavour'd  These  Five 
Months  almost  To  Use  you;  Copy  of  The  Judgment  wiih  A  ■ 
Double  Portion  ot  Wisdom  and  Prudence,  Which  are  but 
despised  an  1  derid' d  ly  My  miplacatle  enemies  especially. 
I've  not  Received  from  Durli.im  as  yf-t  On'  Penny  of  said 
Judgment  :  Therefore,  This  is  i"o  Request  youi-  Honour, 
To  Draw  out  The  Execution  Thereof,  And  To  Commit  it 
To  Mr.  Sherrif  Russel.  Whom  1  Must  Impower  to  be  My 
Trustee-Attorney,  If  He  may  Accept  Thereof.  Who  (when 
He  may  Receive  Sufficient  of  My  Money  judged  for  Me) 
With  My  Order  Will  Piy  3'our  Flonour  All  your  Just  and 
Reasonable  Demands,  For  your  so  Great  Sei'vice  in  the  Re- 
covry  of  my  Case  in  Such  A  Measure  Ihi  reof,  or  for 
W'iat  I've  Obliged  My  S'.'lf  unto.  In  and  By  My  so  Scandal- 
ous Bond  Af<)T-esaid.  Bein^r  in  all  thin^js  (when  Enabled 
Willing  To  Live  honestly.  But  seeng  !  Can't  be  Regarded 
In  My  Nomination  Of  The  Every  W^ay  best  Qualified  Per- 
son of  All  the  P-"sent  Inhabitants  of  Durham,  For  A  Com- 
mission  Of  The  Peace.  But  ftline  Enrmies  must  Ti-iumph 
over  Me  and  My  Friends  and  Over  the  Most  Godly  and 
Honest  Part  of  said  Town,  Under  Pr*^t«>nsc  of  Law  and 
Justice.  If  Col.  Jimes  Davis  or's  Son  Ephraim  or  John 
Woodman,  Lt.  Sunuel  Smith,  or  An}' on  (hat  side  shall  so 
bear  Rule  any  longer:  Then  I  Blust  ObeyTha*  Order  In 
Mat.  X.  14,  Aim!  Depart  out  of  saiel  Town  and  this  Pixvince 
as  soon  as  possible;  In  The  Belief  of  Experiencing  In  Due 
tinie  The  Verifying  of  ThiitV  hich  is  Written  In  LuK'.  yviii, 
7,  8.  Eccle.  viii.  1 1-13,  Psal.  22,  xviii.  29. 

This  (Honourable  Sir  !)  Is  Propos'd  To  your  ConsicVra- 
ticn.  By  your  (\et  Well  Wishing 
and)  Gratefull  Servant,  In  the  Gos- 
pel ministry  of  The  Church  True 
Protestant  Cafiiolick. 

V'VGli  ADAMS. 
To  the  Hon.  Mr,  Secrctanj,  Richard  WaUlron,  Esq. 


(  285) 

ILttcvavj)  ilotCfc^. 

TiiF.  Genius  of  Om.iviON  :  and  other  original   Poems.     Bij  a 

Laihj  of  jyetv-Hampshire.     Concord  :  Published  by  Jacob 

B.  Moore,  1823. 

At  a  time  when  new  books  in  every  department  of  litera- 
ture multiply  with  such  cxiraordinary  rapidity,  that  we  can 
scarcely  glance  at  the  pa^jcs  of  one  before  a  dozen  others 
crowd  themselves  on  our  notice  ;  and  when,  too,  our  time 
and  patience  are  so  severely  taxed  by  the  great  mass  of 
literary  rubbish,  Avhich  lives  but  for  an  hour  and  straight- 
way passes  to  its  long  repose,  we  cannot  but  feel  a  degree  of 
reluctance,  and  an  apprehension  of  disturbing  the  compla- 
cency of  our  readers,  in  inviting  their  attention  to  any  new 
work,  however  interesting  and  valuable.  One  prolific  pen 
— that  of  the  wonderful  author  of  the  VVavcrley  novels,  af- 
fords such  constant  employment  for  the  reading  world,  and 
so  common  a  topic  of  conversation  to  all  literary  circles, 
that  hardly  a  passing  word  or  thought  is  vouchsafed  by  the 
generality  of  readers  to  any  other  author.  Even  the 
muse  of  Byron,  with  all  her  originality  and  fascination,  holds 
but  a  momentary  and  divided  empire  over  the  public  mind, 
for  the  Caledonian  enchanter  stands  ever  ready  with  his  po- 
tent wand  tore-assert  his  exclusive  dominion. 

For  a  while,  indeed,  the  American  novels,  the  Srv  and  the 
Pioneers,  were  so  fortunate  as  to  attract  the  public  attention, 
to  receive  a  rapid  and  extensive  sale,  and  even  to  be  pro- 
nounced by  their  patriotic  admirers  the  successful  rivals  of 
the  novels  just  mentioned;  luit,  if  this  was  not  rather  the 
homage  of  the  heart  than  of  the  head,  still  we  have  fears 
that  the  same  propitious  fortune  will  not  attend  all  American 
works  of  equal  merit.  Some  beautiful  poems,  we  know, 
have  long  been  unhonored  and  apparently  unknown;  and 
among  them,  we  may  name  an  unobtrusive  little  volume,* 
by    an    excellent  scholai"  former! v  of  our  own  state. 

in  this  state  of  public  feeling  and  opinion,  we  do  not  won- 
der that  the  author  of  the  volume,  the  title  of  which  stands 
at  the  head  of  this  notice,  should  put  it  forth  with  fear  and 
trcmi>ling,  but  we  sincerely  hope,  that  instead  of  suffering 
under  the  "  Medusan  critic's  withering  glance,"  she  will  be 
treated  with  jiislic^  if  not  with  indulgence,  and  h:ive  no 
cause  to  complain  of  cither  the  insle  or  ixitrona^e  of  the  pul> 
\v\     If  it  were  in  our  power,  it  would  not  be    our    wi>h.    to 

•  ••  !  •!  •  Court  of  Xppturvf,  nnd  tlio  Cursf.  of  Lihorty,  with  oth«T  poems,  on  subjects  con* 
nccttd  Aith  the  !aie  war."     New-York  :  ■SVinUle,  AViley  St  Co.  1617. 


286  Literary  Ji'otices. 

bias  the  judgment  of  our  readers  by  expressing  a  lavorabk 
opinion  ol"  these  poems,  but  we  must  be  permitted  to  remark^ 
that  we  have  perused  them  with  real  delight,  and  have  no 
hesitation  in  recommending  them  to  all  lovers  of  good  poet- 
ry. In  saying  this,  we  would  not  have  it  supposed,  that  we 
consider  them  entirely  faultless.  Besides  some  obscurities  i 
and  several  unnecessary  instances  of  bad  measure,  there 
are,  we  think,  in  the  Genius  of  Oblivion,  a  few  moralizing 
digressions  or  episodes,  which  a"c  not  an  adequate  compen- 
sation for  the  interruption  of  the  interest  v;e  feel  in  the  sto- 
ry. But  with  these  exceptions,  the  versification  is  excel- 
lent and  the  language  ch  .ste,  appropriate,  and  fui  of  poetic 
inspiration.  Our  author's  muse  is  of  a  grave,  moral,  and 
pensive  cast,  seldom,  if  ever,  attempting  to  be  v;itty,  satirical 
or  playful. 

The  Genius  of  Oblivion  is  the  principal  poem,  and  occu- 
pies between  sixty  and  seventy  pages,  its  chief  subject  is 
the  imagined  origin  of  the  race  of  men  supposed  to  have  in- 
habited tue  western  parts  of  America  long  before  the  In- 
dian tribes  roamed  in  that  once  cheerless  wilderness,  and  to 
whose  labors  have  been  attributed  the  numerous  mounds 
and  forts  of  earth  discovered  in  several  of  the  western 
states,  particularly  in  Ohio,  and  indicating  in  their  builders 
such  a  knowledge  of  the  arts  of  civilization  as  none  of  the 
Indian  tribes  have  ever  been  known  to  possess. 

Were  it  not  for  the  fear  of  diminishing  the  curiosity  of 
some  of  our  readers,  we  might  proceed  to  maJie  them  some- 
what acquainted  with  the  hero  and  most  remarkable  inci- 
dents of  the  Genius  of  Oblivion ;  but  we  shall  make  a  few 
extracts  from  it,  and  conclude  our  observations  with  expres- 
sing a  pious  hope,  that,  as  the  amiable  author  and  hjT  little 
orphans  will  alone  be  benefitted  by  the  sale  of  her  book, 
all,  who  would  enjoy  a  feast  of  the  imagination  and  the  pur- 
er "  luxury  of  doing  good,"  and  all,  who  dare  evince  their 
admiration  of  the  brilliant  gems  of  the  "goodly  forests,  fair 
fields  and  crystal  hills  of  Laconia,"  and  especially  all  be- 
nevolent females,  who  regard  the  honor  and  dignity  of  their 
sex,  and,  like  angels  of  mercy,  take  pleasure  in  ministering 
to  the  relief  of  the  widow  and  the  fatherless,  will  immedi- 
ately purchase  this  modest,  unpretending  book.  i 

Ormond's  Song,  in  the  tempest. 
1. 

Oh,  say,  hast  thou  seen,  with  a  thrilling  eraotionj 

The  mountain  mist  roll  its  Hark  form  ? 
Or  listened,  with  feelings  of  awe  and  devotion. 
As  elements  mixed  in  the  gloomy  commotion, 

And  loud  rose  the  voic's  of  the  storm  ! 


Literary  Notices. 


<'?8? 


Tlirn  in  tlioce  momonts  of  wild  breathing  sadness. 

How  Ic'bseiici!  this  dim  spuk  ol  eaitli ! 
P  issessioiis  wore  foJly,  and  pleasures  were  marinoss-*- 
Friim  licaveu-with  aiiii^leil  t-ontriiion  andgladiiess^ 

Tlie  soul  liail'd  in  triuaipli  iiei  birth  ! 

Ormond,  ilie  hero  ot  the  talc,  havins;  tiMvrllcd  westward, 
pausi  s  at  cvenitiii;,  in  meditation  uj)oii  the  relics  of  aiititjuity 


tli.  re  presented  lo  his  eye. 

The  li'ngth'niiig  shadows  eastwarri  lie; 
Hf  lingers  still,  yet  knowsnot  why — 
Tin;  wild  t'ird  suno;  her  evening  strain, 
And  winji'd  to  her  lone  peich  again — 
The  rt  d  deer  crojit  thefl(nTer  and  pasf'd, 
And  reached  his  nightly  haunt  at  last ; 
Tiie  fading  beam- of  linf;eiing  li^ht 
Had  blended  in  the  dun  of  night; 


The  wind  was  hushed,  serine  the  sky, 
And  thiongli  tile  azuie  vault  on  higli 
T'le  ^enis  of  heaven   were  slowing  pure. 
Like  hopes  that  charm  in  youthfuj  hour; 
And  wrap]ied  in  eontemplation's  dream, 
As  Ornnond  gazefl,  we  well  .night  deeni. 
Tliat  thus  ititt  nt,  he  searched  the  skies 
For  clue  to  solve  those  mysteries. 


Absorbed  in  contemplation,  our  hiro  beholds  the  "shad- 
owy genius  of  Obliviiuu"  hoveling  over  the  ruin?  of  past 
tinic.  The  evening  is  beautiful — the  stars  brilliant — the 
winds  hushed —  the  varying  northern  lights  now  flashing 
uj)  to  the  zenith,  and  anon  dancing  along  the  horizon. 


But  now  those  flashings  gafh'ring  grew 
A  lofty,  fiery  arcli,  and  through 
Jls  light  strange  beings  flickering  pass. 
Like  shadows  o'er  a  magic  glass — 
Now  nearer,  more  distinct ;  hut  still 
Awful  and  indescribable  ! 
Creation's  lieir — earth's  potentate — 
S'lle  keeper  of  recorded  late. 
Oblivion's  shadowy  Genius  sate  ' 
He  breathed  sepulchral  damps — his  hand 
Stretched  fonli  his  all-suhdiring  wand  ! 
Rayless  his  eye — its  sunken  orb 
Did  nought  reflect,  but  all  absorb — 
All  bright  things  caught,nor  yet  was  bright 
As  blackness  gains  no  hue  from  light  ! 
.\or  fattened  liis  lank  cheek,  though  more 
Its  prey  than  evil  kine's  of  yore — 
And  ghastly,  as  the  op'ning  tomb, 
His  (urrowcd  brow,  in  fearful  gloom. 
Frowned,  as  to  antedate  our  doom. 
Of  crumbled  thrones  was  piled  his  seat — 
Crowns,  sceptre?,  'scutcheons  'neath  his 

feet 
Lay  t'-odden  with  the  vilest  things  : 
Oblivion  sanctifies  not  kinss  I 


And  wreaths  the  herd's  brow  that  hound, 
And  deathless  named.were  strewn  around  ■ 
All  withered  as  the  weeds  which  die 

When  >iroc  hreathes  his  blasting  siah 

.And  trophies,  that  like  virtue  shone, 

Yea,  trophies  that  a  heaven  might  own 

Records  of  science,  wisdom,  worth, 
All  scattered— <ftej/  uere  all  of  earth, 

And  therefore  peri'^hed,  not  the  deed 

That  gains, blest  thought!  a  mightier  meed, 
A  crown  eternal,  gemm'd  with  blood 
Which    saved  a    leprous    world,    whet 
gvoan'd  the  Lamb  of  God  ! 

W'orm-eaten  shrouds  were  waving  high. 
His  banner  and  his  canojjv  ; 
Anfi  through  the  sighing  Ihlds  there  camt 
Musick  !  if  it  might  bear  tliat  name — 
A  pictured  ;;laint — a  melody — 
The  Mirring  soul  of  years  gone  by  ; 
Conveying  to  the  sense  each  scene 
As  palpably,  as  if  between 
Nor  time  nor  space  did  intervene! 
And  thus,  as  harps  of  zephyrs  plav, 
Floated  the  viewless  opera. 


SOKG    AFTER   THE   J 
1. 

Hesper  sleeps  light 
On  the  sleeping  bijlow — 

Hymen  this  night 
Spreads  his  si'ftest  pillow, 

Sweetly  will  rest 
Tyie's^aard  and  glory — 

Brave  Arvon  bl'^st 
With  bis  graceful  Cora  f 


CFT1AL3   OF     ARVON    A\D  CoRA. 


Music  floats  round 
Like  zepkyrs  of  even  ; 

Dear  as  the  sound 
That  ushers  to  heiven — 

Kindred  and  frien'.s 
Wi;l)  raptuT'''  are  g-eetinj 

Harmony  bends 
O'er  the  l^oly  meeting. 


:288 


Literary  J^'olices,  c^/c. 


3. 

Springs  tlieix'  a  flower 
In  this  worlil  of  winter? 

Smiles  there  an  liour 
When  no  sorrows  enter  ? 


Is  there  a  bond 
Of  Pleasures  that  liy  men  .' 

'Tis  lovf 's  respond 
To  the  vows  of  Hj'men. 


Song  of  sea-nymphs,  on  the  passage  of  Arvon  and  Cora' 
to  the  western  world. 


1. 

When  Phosbus'  glowing  chariot  wheels 

Adown  the  west  in  glorj', 
Is  there  a  world  his  radiance  feels  ? 

Or  waste  of  waters  hoary? 
Oh  !  nature  smiles  liis  beams  to  greet, 

And  spreads  her  fairest  blossom  ; 
And  pleased  the  spring  and  summer  meet, 

And  frolic  on  her  bosom. 
2. 

Then,  Arvon,  wide  thy  canvas    spread. 

And  woo  the  breeze  so  clieerly; 
Be  Tyre,  and  all  her  minions  fled, 

Nor  prize  her  pleasures  dearly  : 
Thy  vi'pstern  Eden  will  repay 

All  present  sighs  and  sorrow  ; 
And  who  would  weep  a  gloomy  day 

That  jjromised  fair  to-morrow  ? 


Within  the  gay, umbrageous  hall. 

All  rich  with  Flora's  treasure. 
Shall  Cora  on  her  handmaids  call, 

And  tread  the  mazy  measure  ; 
Or  list,  reclining  'mid  the  grove, 

While  summer  gales  are  sigliing, 
The  warbling  melody  of  love, 

To  nature's  smiles  replying, 
4. 
The  city's  haunts  are  fair  to  see 

Wliere  wealth,  attends  on  fashion  ; 
Bat  nature's  lonely  majesty 

Ennobles  every  passion. 
'Tis  there  the  prisoned  spirit  soars, 

Tliere  feeling,  fancy  brighten  •, 
Nor  land  more  blest,  than  in  the  west 

Can  Phoebus'  rays  enlighten. 


We  omitted  to  mention  one  fault,  which    we  have  to    find 
with  the  Genius  of  Oblivion — it  is  a  great  deal  too  short. 


COINCIDENCE. 

MESSRS.    EDITORS, 

In  your  number  for  July,  is  an  epitaph  "on  the  body  of 
Ichabod  Hare,"  said  to  have  been  written  by  '^  a  wag  of 
Dover,"  in  ridicule  of  a  certain  chief-justice  who  was  in  the 
habit  of  making  frequent  use  of  the  term  '■this  here'  and 
'//jaM/iere\  instead  of  //i?5  and  that.  Accidentally  looking 
over  "The  Dublin  Mail,"  a  work  published  in  London  sever- 
al months  since,  and  purporting  to  be  letters  written  froni 
Dublin  during  the  late  visit  of  George  IV.  to  Ireland,  I  no- 
ticed the  following,  attached  to  a  letter  from  Sir  William  Cur- 
tis, the  well  known  bottle  companion  of  the  King — 

"  Here  lies  Cillv  C s,  onr  worthy  Lord  Mayor, 

''■  Vv'ho  has  left  tliis  liere  worlJ,  and  is  g-ooe  to  tfiat  there,'''' 

This  is  an  instance  of  very  singular  coincidence,  or  o- 
plagiarism  equally  singular  and  nmnlL  P. 


Extract  from  the  Records  of  the  Committee  of  Safehj  of  K.  H. 
<■<■  Friday,,  October  26lh,  1781.  Annoque  Iveipublica-: 
American:^  Sexto-Three  quarters  after  four  o'clock,  received 
the  agreeable  intelligence  of  the  unconditional  surrender 
of  the  proud  Oornwaliis,  with  his  whole  army  to  the  IL- 
LUSTRIOUS WASHINGTON  on  the  19th  instant." 


OCTOBER,  1823. 


IScclfsfastical  fl^istorg. 

Memoranda  :    Relating  to  (he  Churches  and  Clergy  of  Kev:- 
Hampshire. 

[Continued  from  page  269.] 

The  Rev.  William  Allen  was  settled  at  Greenland,  pre- 
vious to  the  settlement  of  Mr.  Gookin  at  Hampton.  Green- 
land was  formerly  a  part  of  Portsmouth,  it  was  incorpo- 
rated in  1703.  Mr.  Allen  was  its  first  minister.  He  was 
graduated  at  Harvard  College  in  1703,  and  ordained  July 
15,  1707.  Before  this  time,  the  inhabitants  of  Greenland 
attended  public  worship  at  Portsmouth  :  and  women  aod 
children  used  frequently  to  walk  six  or  eight  miles  for  that 
piirpose.  Mr.  Allen  continued  in  the  ministry  till  Sept.  8, 
1760,  when  he  died  at  the  age  of  84. 

The  Rev.  Nicholas  Sever  succeeded  Mr.  Pike  at  Dover, 
and  was  ordained  April  11,  1711.  He  was  graduated  at 
Harvard  College  in  1701.  Though  a  distinguished  scholar, 
h'-  had  an  impediment  in  his  speech,which  rendered  his  pub- 
lic services  painful  to  himself,and  in  some  measure  unpleasant 
to  his  hearers.  In  consequence  of  this,  he  was  dismissed 
from  Dover,  in  the  spring  of  1715.  The  next  year,  he  was 
appointed  a  Tutor  of  Harvard  College,  and  continued  in 
that  office  twelve  years.  He  was  also  a  Fellow  of  his  Alma 
Mater.  On  leaving  Cambridge,  he  removed  into  Plymouth 
county  ;  was  a  judge  of  the  county  court,  and  lived  to  a 
great  age. 

The  Rev.  Theophilus  Cotton  was  the  first  settled  minis- 
ter in  Hampton-Falls.  He  was  a  grandson  of  the  Rev.  John 
Cotton,  of  Boston,  and  son  of  the  Rev.  John  Cotton,  of 
Plymouth,  who  removed  to  Charleston,  S.  C,  in  1698,  and 
died  there,  Sept.  18,  1699.  Mr.  Cotton,  of  Hampton-Falls, 
was  born  at  Plymouth,  May  5,  1682  ;  graduated  at  Harvard 
College  in  1701,  and  was  ordained  Jan.  2,  1712.  His  first 
wife,  by  whom  he  had  no  children,  was  the  widow  Dimond, 
of  Ipswich.  His  second  wife,  whom  he  married  Aug.  16, 
37 


290  Ecclesiastical  History. 

1711,  was  Mary,  the  widow  of  Dr.  Gudney,  of  Salem,  and 
daughter  of  Mr.  Gookin  of  Cambridge.  Mr.  Cotton  died 
Aug.  18,  1726.  On  the  next  Sabbath  after  his  death,  Rev. 
Mr.  Gookin,  of  Hampton,  preached  two  funeral  sermons, 
from  2  Cor.  v.  4 — and  John  v.  S5  ;  in  which,  he  gave  him 
a  good  character.  Several  other  sermons  were  preached  oH 
the  occasion,  and  a  sketch  of  his  life  and  character  was  pub- 
lished in  the  Boston  News  Letter,  of  August,  1726. 

The  Rev.  William  Shurtleff  was  ordained  at  New-Cas- 
tle, the  same  year  in  which  Mr.  Emerson  was  dismissed,!  7 1 2. 
He  was  a  son  of  William  Shurtleff,  of  Plymouth,  in  Massa- 
chusetts, and  his  mother  was  a  grand-daughter  of  Rev.  John 
Lothrop,  of  Barnstable.  His  grandfather,  William  Shurt- 
leff, of  Marshfield,  was  killed  with  lightning  in  1666,  while 
two  children  in  his  lap  and  one  between  his  knees,  and  his 
wife  by  his  side,  remained  uninjured.  Rev.  Mr.  Shurtleff 
was  graduated  at  Harvard  College  in  1707.  He  married 
Mary  Atkinson,  a  sister  of  Theodore  Atkinson,  Esq.,  but 
had  no  children.  As  he  succeeded  Mr.  Emerson  at  New- 
Castle,  so  upon  Mr.  Emerson's  death,  he  became  his  succes- 
sor at  Portsmouth,  and  was  installed  over  the  South  Church, 
Feb.  21,  1733  ;  his  connexion  with  New-Castle  having  been 
dissolved  the  year  before.  He  spent  the  remainder  of  his 
days  at  Portsmouth,  and  died  May  9,1747.  He  was  eminent 
for  piety  and  pastoral  fidelity.  During  his  ministry  in  Ports- 
mouth, he  baptized  more  than  700,  and  admitted  130  com- 
municants. When  God  visited  the  American  churches  with 
the  out-pourings  of  his  spirit,  about  the  year  1742,  Mr. 
Shurtleff 's  society  partook  of  the  blessing  ;  and  in  that  year 
68  persons  were  added  to  his  church.  Mr.  Shurtleff  pub- 
lished a  sermon  at  the  ordination  of  Rev.  Nathaniel  Morrill, 
in  Rye,  1726  :  a  sermon  delivered  at  New-Castle,  Jan.  1, 
1725,  in  commemoration  of  the  sufferings  of  a  company  of 
mariners,  some  years  before  ship  wrecked  on  Boon  Isl- 
and, with  an  address  to  Hon.  John  Wentworth,  Esq.  ;  a  ser- 
mon at  the  ordination  of  Rev.  Nathaniel  Gookin,  in  North- 
Hampton,  1739;  a  sermon  from  these  words,  "  Lord,  re- 
member me  when  thou  comest  into  thy  kingdom,"  occa- 
sioned by  the  execution  of  Sarah  Simpson  and  Penelope 
Kenny,*  and  in  the  hearing  of  the  former,  delivered  Dec. 
22,  1739  ;  a  sermon  at  the  monthly  evening  lecture  in  Bos- 
ton, 1741  ;  an  account  of  the  revival  of  religion  at  Ports- 
mouth, published  in  the  22d  and  48th  numbers  of  the  Chris- 
tian History,  for  1743. 


*  These  were  the  first  executions   in   New- Hampshire,  which    had 
V—  K^on  settled  more  than  a  century- 


Ecclesiastical  History.  291 

The  first  minister  of  Newington  was  the  Rev.  Joseph  Ad- 
Ms.     His   first  American  ancestor  was  Henry  Adams,  who, 
ibout  the  year  1630,  came  from  Devonshire,  Eng.,  to  Mount 
Vollaston,  now  Quincy,  in  Massachusetts.     Eight  sons  ac- 
Lompanied  him  on  his  voyage   to  this  country.     One  of  the 
ons,  Joseph,  resided  at  Bramtree  ;  and  his  son,  Joseph,  was 
he  father  of  Mr.  Adams,  of  Newington,    and  of  Dea.  John 
Adams,  of  Braintrec,  father  of  the  Hon.  John  Adams,  late 
President  of  the  United  States.     Mr.  Adams,  of  Newington, 
t^'as   born  in    Braintrce,  June,  1688,  and  was  graduated,  at 
Harvard  College  in  1710.     While  a  member  of  College,  he 
had  spent  some  time  in  a  school  at  Newington  ;  and  being 
licensed  to  preach  soon  after  receiving  his  degree,  he  was 
employed   there  as  a  candidate,  but  was  not  ordained  until 
Nov.  16,  1715.     He  continued   his   ministerial  labors  until 
January,  1783,  and  died   May    20,    1784,  being  almost  95 
years   old — an  age  attained   by  no  other  minister  ever  set- 
tled in  New-Hampshire.     He  published   a  sermon   on  the 
death  of  John  Fabyan,  Esq.,  1757,  and  another  on  the  ne- 
cessity of  rulers,civil  and  ecclesiastical,  exerting  themselves 
against  the  growth  of  impiety,  1760.* 

In  1718,  the  Rev.  Henrv  Rust  was  ordained  the  first  min- 
ister of  Stratham  ;  Rev.  Hugh  Adams,  the  first  minister  of 
Durham,  and  the  Rev.  Nathaniel  Prentice,  the  second  min- 
ister of  Dunstable,  as  successor  of  Mr.  Weld. 

Mr.  Rust  was  graduated  at  Harvard  College  in  1707,  or- 
dained at  Stratham  in  the  spring  of  1718,  and  died  March 
20,  1749,  aged  63.  The  late  Henry  Rust,  Esq.,  of  Wolfe- 
borough,  was  one  of  his  sons. 

As  early  as  1651,  a  parish  was  formed  at  Oyster  River, 
now  Durham,  and  several  persons  were  employed  to  preach 
there.  Among  others,  was  John  Buss,  a  physician,  who  was 
many  years  a  preacher,  but  never  settled  in  the  ministry. — 
He  had  been  for  some  time  at  Wells,  Me.,  and  came  from 
thence  to  Oyster  river,  where  he  preached  and  practised 
physic  a  number  of  years.     His  house  and    valuable  libra- 

"^  Mr.  Adams  is  said  to  have  been  a  man  of  respectable  talents,  but  of 
great  self  complacency.  In  prayia?  for  a  person  dang-eroiisly  sick  who 
had  desired  the  prayers  of  the  Cong'regation,  he  prayed  very  earnestly 
that  the  man  might  be  prepared  to  die ;  for,  said  he,  "  we,  O  Lord,  wha 
are  skilful,  know  there  is  no  possibility  of  his  recovery." — At  a  meet- 
ing of  the  Association  of  ministers  at  Portsmouth,  Mr.  Adams  made  the 
prayer,  in  which  he  took  occasion  to  introduce  the  horses  mentioned  ia 
the  Revelations  ;  but  becoming  suddenly  embarrassed  while  speaking  of 
the  white  horse,  he  closed  the  exercise  abruptly.  One  of  his  bretbrea 
afterwards  observed  to  him,  that,  at  his  time  of  life,  he  should  be  partic- 
ularly cautious  in  mounting  strange  horses,  if  he  would  avoid  a  iall. 


292  Ecclesiastical  History, 

rjr  were  burnt  by  the  Indians  in  1694.  He  died  in  1736,  at 
the  great  age  of  108.  Mr.  Adams  conamenced  preaching  in 
this  parish  about  1716,  but  no  church  was  gathered  until  the 
time  o^  his  ordination,  March  26,  1718.  Notwitlistanding 
the  violent  opposition  he  met  with  from  many  of  his  people, 
and  notwithstanding  the  peculiarities  of  his  manner  and  irri- 
tability of  his  temper,  and  notwithstanding  too  the  very  ex- 
traordinary step  he  took  during  the  pendency  of  his  litiga- 
ted claim  against  the  town  before  the  Governor  and  Council, 
[See  Coll.  VoL  '2, pages  241  and  282,]  the  tradition  is,  that  he 
was  a  good  and  pious  man,  who  knew  a  thousand  times  more 
about  the  scripture  than  about  mankind.""or  the  manner  of 
transacting  business  in  the  world.  He  was  graduated  at 
Harvard  College  in  1697,  and  was  dismissed  from  the 
ministry  at  Durham,  Jan.  23,  1 739,  by  an  ecclesiastical  coun- 
cil, who  protest  against  "  his  great  presumption  in  pretend- 
ing to  imprecate  the  Divine  vengeance,  and  that  the  calam- 
ities, that  had  befallen  sundry  persons,  were  the  effect  of 
his  prayers." — They  also  censure  "  his  late  petition  to  the 
General  Assembly,"  [See  Belknap,  VoL  3, p.  263,]  and  "  con- 
sidering to  what  a  height  the  disaffection  of  great  numbers 
of  his  people  had  arrived,"  the  council  were  "  of  opinion 
that  it  would  not  be  for  the  honor  of  ChrisI,  or  the  interest 
of  religion,  nor  any  way  answer  the  great  ends  of  hi?  minis- 
try in  this  place,  for  him  to  continue  any  longer  in  it."  Mr. 
Adams  remained  at  Durham,  after  his  dismission,  and  re- 
tained the  affections  and  reverence  of  a  great  jjortion  of  the 
people,  and  a  very  considerable  influence  in  the  town  until 
his  death  in  1750,  at  the  age  of  74.  His  descendants  are 
numerous,  and  many  of  them  of  great  respectability. 

Mr.  Prentice,  of  Dunstable,  was  a  graduate  of  Harvard 
College,  in  1715.  The  exact  time  of  his  ordination  is  not 
known.  He  married  Mary  Tyng,  and  died  Feb.  25,  1737. 
It  is  said  of  him,  that  "  he  was  a  man  of  wit,  and  a  good  ser- 
monizer." 

Londonderry  was  settled  in  1719,  by  a  number  of  Scotch 
presbyterians,  who  had  resided  for  some  time  in  the  north  of 
Ireland.  The  Rev.  James  M'Gregore  was  their  first  minis- 
ter. He  came  with  them  to  this  country  in  1718;  and  on 
leaving  the  land  of  their  nativity,  he  preached  to  them  from 
Exod.  xxxiii.  15,  ^'  If  thy  presence  go  not  with  me,  carry  us 
not  up  hence."  The  company  of  emigrants  who  settled 
Londonderry  landed  at  Casco  Bay  in  the  summer,  and  there 
spent  the  following  winter.  In  the  spring  of  1719,  they  ex- 
plored the  country  and  fixed  on  Nuffield,  as  it  was  then  cal- 
led, for  their  place  of  residence.     They  arrived  there  with 


j 


Ecclesiastical  History,  293 

their  families  on  the  lllh  of  April.  Mr.  M'Gregore,  ■vviio 
had  spent,  tiie  winter  at  Dracut,  having  received  an  inviialion 
to  become  their  minister,  met  them  on  the  day  of  their  arri- 
val, and  on  the  next  day  delivered,  under  a  great  oak,  which 
was  a  few  years  since,  if  not  now,  standing,  a  discourse  from 
Isaiah  xxxii.  2.  He  did  not,  however,  take  the  pai>toral 
charge  of  the  people  till  the  next  month,  when  he  preached 
to  them  fi-om  these  words,  "  Moreover,  I  will  make  a  coven- 
ant of  peace  with  them  ;  it  shall  be  an  evei-lasiing  covenant 
with  them  :  and  I  will  plant  them,  and  multiply  them,  and 
will  set  my  sanctuary  in  the  midst  of  them  forever  more." — 
Eze.  xxxvii.  26.  The  first  framed  house  erected  in  town  was 
occupied  by  Mr.  M'Gregore,  and  is  still  standing.  The  first 
house  for  public  worship  was  completed  in  1722,  and  Avas  50 
feet  in  length,  and  45  in  breadth.  Previous  to  this,  their 
meetings  wei'e  holden,  when  the  weather  would  admit  of  it, 
in  the  open  air.  I'he  number  of  the  inhabitants  and  of  the 
church  rapidly  increased.  In  the  spring  of  1723,  there 
were  160  communicants,  and  in  a  year  from  that  time,  230. 
Mr.  M'Gregore  died  March  5,  1 729,  aged  52.  He  was  much 
loved  and  revered  by  his  people,  and  "■  was  a  wise,  aftcct ion- 
ate  and  fiiithfiil  guide  to  them,  both  in  civil  and  religious 
concerns."  He  left  a  widow  and  seven  children.  One  of  his 
sons  was  the  first  minister  of  the  second  parish  in  London- 
derry. 

The  Rev.  Ward  Clarke  was  the  first  settled  minister  of 
Kingston,  and  was  ordained  there  in  1725.  He  was  the 
youngest  child  of  the  Rev.  John  Clarke,  of  Exeter,  and  was 
born  Dec.  1 2,  1 703.  He  was  graduated  at  Harvard  College 
in  1723,  and  died  in  1737. 

The  Rev.  Jabez  Fitch  was  installed  over  the  North  Par- 
ish in  Portsmouth,  1725.  He  was  a  son  of  Rev.  James  F. 
of  Norwich,  Connecticut,  by  his  second  wife,  and  was  born 
in  April,  1672.  His  mother  was  Priscilla  Mason,  a  daughter 
of  Capt.  John  Mason,  of  Norwich,  who  was  a  brave  and 
celebrated  commander  of  the  Connecticut  forces,  in  the  Pe- 
quot  and  other  Indian  wars.  Gov.  Fitch,  of  Connecticut, 
and  Mr.  Fitch,  of  Portsmouth,  were  cousins  german.  Mr. 
Fitch  was  graduated  at  Harvard  College,  1694,  and  was  a 
Tutor  and  a  Fellow  of  the  College.  In  1703,  he  was  ordain- 
ed at  Ipswich,  Mass.,  and  continued  there  till  Dec.  1723, 
when  he  left  his  people,  for  the  want  of  a  competent  support, 
but  without  the  advice  of  an  ecclesiastical  council.  The 
people  of  Ipswich  were  displeased  at  his  leaving  them,  and 
the  difficulties  between  them  were  finally  adjusted  by  arbi- 
tration, in   1726.     Mr.  Fitch  had  a  taste  for  historical  re- 


294  Ecclesiastical  History* 

searches,  and  Dr.  Belknap  availed  himself  of  his  collections 
in  preparing  the  History  of  New-Hampshire. — He  married 
Elizabeth  Applcton,  a  daughter  of  Col.  John  Appleton,  of 
Ipswich,  and  grand  daughter  of  John  Rogers,  President  of 
Harvard  College.  His  children  were,  Elizabeth,  wife  of 
John  Wibird,  Esq. ;  Margaret,  who  married  a  son  of  Rev. 
Henry  Gibbs,  of  Watertown  ;  Mary,  wife  of  Francis  Cabot, 
Esq.  of  Salem  ;  Ann,  the  second  wife  of  Rev.  Nathanit-l 
Gookin,  of  North-Hampton  ;  John,  who  was  graduated  at 
Harvard  College,  in  1728,  and  died  soon  after.  Mr.  Fitch, 
after  a  pious  and  useful  ministry  at  Portsmouth,  of  more  than 
twenty  years  continuance,  died  of  a  nervous  fever,  Nov.  22, 
1746,  in  his  75th  year.  He  published  a  sermon,  occasioned 
by  the  great  earthquake  of  1727;  a  sermon,  at  the  ordina- 
tion of  the  Rev.  John  Tucke,  on  one  of  the  Isles  of  Shoals. 
1732;  two  sermons,  upon  the  prevalence  of  the  throat  dis- 
temper, in  1735,  G;  and  an  account  of  that  disorder  as  it  ap- 
peared in  New-Hampshire  for  fourteen  months  prior  to  July 
26,  1736. 

The  Rev.  Nathaniel  Morrill,  the  first  minister  in  Rye, 
was  ordained  there  Sept.  14,  1726.  Mr.  Shurtleff,  then  of 
New-Castle,  preached  the  ordination  sermon.  Mr.  Morrill 
was  graduated  at  Harvard  College  in  1 723,  and  was  dismis- 
sed from  his  people  in  1734. 

In  1727,  the  Rev.  Joseph  Whipple  succeeded  Mr.  Cotton 
in  the  ministry  at  Hampton-Falls,  and  continued  there  thirty 
years,  when  he  died,  (in  1757)  aged  57.  He  was  graduated 
at  Harvard  College  in  1720. 

The  Rev.  Matthew  Clark  was  settled  at  Londonderry 
in  1729,  as  successor  of  Mr.  M'Gregore.  He  had  been  an 
officer  in  the  army  during  the  civil  commotions  in  Ireland, 
and  was  active  in  the  defence  of  Londonderry  during 
the  memorable  siege  which  it  endured  in  1689.  He  after- 
wards quit  the  army  and  became  a  preacher  of  the  gospel. 
He  was  a  thorough  scholar,  but  eccentric  in  his  manners. 
In  his  mode  of  living,  he  was  singularly  temperate.  He 
wholly  abstained  from  all  kinds  of  flesh,  and  never  ate  of 
any  thing  v/hich  had  possessed  animal  Kfe.  He  was  about 
70  years  of  age  when  he  came  to  Londonderry.  His  third 
wife  was  the  widow  of  his  predecessor.  He  died  January 
25,  1735,  aged  79,  and  his  remains  were  borne  to  the  grave 
by  those  who  had  been  his  companions  in  arms. 

In  1730,  the  Rev.  James  Pike,  was  ordained  at  Somers- 
worth ;  the  Rev.  Timothy  Walker  at  Concord ;  the  Rev. 
John  Moody  at  New-Market ;  the  Rev.  James  Gushing  at 


Ecclesiastical  History.  295 

Plaistow ;  and  the  Rev.  Moses  Hale  at  Chester,  and  they 
were  the  first  ministers  of  those  towns  respectively. 

Mr.  Pike  was  born  at  Newbury,  Mass.  March  1,  1703, 
graduated  at  Harvard  College,  1725,  and  was  ordained 
October  28,  1  730.  He  married  Sarah  Oilman,  a  daughter 
of  Nicholas  Gilman,  Esq.,  of  Exeter,  August  26,  1730;  con- 
tinued to  preach  till  October  31,  1790,  and  died  March  19, 
11792.  He  published  a  sermon  on  the  duty  of  Gospel  min- 
isters as  Christ's  ambassadors,  preached  at  Newington  before 
the  Ecclesiastical  Convention  of  New-Hampshire,  October 
9,  1 750.  Nicholas  Pike,Esq.  author  of  "  a  new  and  complete 
system  of  arithmetick"  was  one  of  his  sons.  [See  Coll.  Vol. 
II.  p.  148.] 

Mr.  Walker  was  a  native  of  Woburn,  Mass.  and  graduat- 
ed at  Harvard  College  in  1725.  He  was  a  man  of  talents 
and  usefulness — much  esteemed  and  respected,  not  only  by 
his  people,  but  by  the  neighboring  towns  and  churches.  He 
twice  visited  England,  as  agent  of  the  town  of  Concord,  and 
continued  in  the  ministry  till  September  2,  1782,  when  he 
died  at  the  age  of  77.  Hon.  Timothy  Walker,  late  of  Con- 
cord, was  his  son  ;  and  the  first  wife  of  Benjamin  Thomp- 
son, Count  Rumford,  was  his    daughter. 

Mr.  Moody  was  graduated  at  Harvard  College,  1727. 
He  married  Ann  Hall,  a  daughter  of  Capt.  Edward  Hall,  of 
New-Market.  His  wife  died  July  14,  1771.  He  survived 
till  1778,  and  died,  aged  73. 

Mr.  Cushing  was  son  of  Rev.  Caleb  Cushing  of  Salisbury, 
who  married  the  widow  of  Rev.  James  Ailing,  his  predeces- 
sor in  the  ministry.  She  was  sister  of  Rev.  Theophilus 
Cotton  of  Hampton-Falls,  and  daughter  of  Rev.  John  Cot- 
ton, of  Plymouth.  Mr.  Cushing  graduated  at  Harvard 
college  in  1 725,  was  ordained  at  Plaistow,  December  2, 1 730. 
when  the  church  in  that  town  was  first  gathered,  and  died 
May  13,  1764.  The  testimony  of  his  people  to  his  charac- 
ter is,  "  that  he  was  a  solid  and  fervent  preacher ;  in  con- 
duct upright,  prudent  and  steady,  and  recommended  the 
amiable  religion  of  his  master  by  meekness  and  patience, 
condescension  and  candor,  a  tender  sympathy  with  his  flock, 
and  a  studious  endeavor  to  maintain  and  promote  the  thing* 
of  peace." 

Mr.  Hale  was  graduated  at  Harvard  College  in  1722. — 
He  continued  but  a  few  years  in  the  ministry  at  Chester. 
Many  of  the  inhabitants  were  Presbyterians.  A  society  of 
that  denomination  was  formed  in  1734,  and  Mr.  Hale  was 
dismissed. 


296  Ecclesiastical  History, 

In  1732,  the  Rev.  John  Blunt  succeeded  Mr.  Shurtleffar 
Nevv-Castle  ;  and  the  Rev.  John  Tucke  was  ordained  at  Gos- 
port,  the  first  settled  minister  on  the  Isles  of  Shoals. 

Mr.Blunt  was  graduated  af  Harvard  College  in  1727.  He 
married  a  daughter  of  Hon.  John  Frost,  of  New-Castle,  by 
whom  he  had  seven  children,  and  died  August,  1747.  After 
his  death,  his  widow  married  Hon.  John  Hill,  of  Ports- 
mouth, and  died  Aug.  13,  1772,  aged  49. 

Although  no  minister  had  been  settled  on  the  Isles  oi 
Shoals  before  Mr.  Tucke,  there  had  been  a  constant  succes- 
sion of  preachers  there — some  of  whom  were  distinguished 
for  their  piety.  The  first  settlers  were  a  religious  people. 
Mr.  Pepperell,  an  ancestor  of  Sir  William  Pepperell,  was 
one  of  the  number. 

Before  1641,  a  meeting  house  was  erected  on  Hog  Island, 
and  a  Mr.  Hull,  for  some  time,  supplied  the  desk.  Alter  him, 
the  Rev.  John  Brock,  who  was  afterwards  settled  at  Reading, 
Massachusetts,  preached  upon  the  Island  about  twelve  years. 
He  was  a  man  of  faith  and  prayer  ;  and  it  was  said  of  him, 
by  the  celebrated  Mr.Mitchel,  that  "he  dwelt  as  near  heav- 
en as  any  man  upon  earth."  His  hearers  at  the  Shoals  were 
fishermen,  and  they  usually  assembled  one  day  in  the  month, 
besides  the  sabbaths,  for  public  worship.  On  one  of  these 
days,  the  fishermen  requested  him  to  postpone  the  meeting 
to  a  future  time,  as  it  was  a  fine  season  for  their  business, 
and  they  must  go  out  with  their  boats.  Mr.  Brock  endeav- 
ored to  dissuade  them,  but  in  vain ;  and  thus  address- 
ed them — "  If  you  are  resolved  to  neglect  your  duty 
to  God,  and  will  go  away,  I  say  unto  you.  Catch  fish 
if  you  can ;  but  as  for  you,  who  will  tarry  and  worship 
the  Lord  Jesus  Christ,  I  will  pray  unto  him  for  you,  that 
you  may  catch  fish  till  you  are  weary."  Thirty  of  the  men 
went — toiled  all  day,and  caught  four  fishes; — while  the  five, 
who  attended  divine  worship,  and  afterwards  went  out, 
caught  as  many  hundreds.  From  this  time,  the  fishermen 
readily  attended  all  the  meetings  which  Mr.  Brock  appoint- 
ed.— A  poor  man,  who  usually  carried  people  over  a  river 
in  his  boat,  to  attend  public  worship,  came  to  his  ministcr,la- 
menting  the  loss  of  his  boat  in  a  storm.  Mr.  Brock  said. 
"  I  will  mention  the  matter  to  the  Lord  ;"  and  encouraged 
him  to  hope  for  the  restoration  of  his  property.  The  next 
day,  the  poor  man's  boat  was  brought  up  fi'om  the  bottom 
by  the  anchor  of  a  vessel,  accidently  cast  upon  it.  A  num- 
ber of  such  remarkable  correspondencies  between  the  events 
of  providence  and  the  prayers  of  Mr.  Brock,  caused  the 
Rev.  Mr.  Allen,  of  Dedham,  to  say,  "  I  scarce   ever  knew 


Ecdesiaslical  History,  297 

any  man  so  familiar  with  the  great  God,  as  his  dear  servant 
Brock."  About  the  first  of  the  last  century,  the  Rev.  Mr. 
Moody  preached  several  years  on  the  Islands.  He  endeav- 
oured, as  all  ministers  should,  to  adapt  his  discourses  to  the 
capacity  and  understanding  of  his  people.  Addressing  them 
once,  on  occasion  of  a  shipwreck,  he  enquired,"  Supposino", 
my  brethren,  any  of  you  should  be  taken  short  in  the  bay, 
in  a  Nort  East  storm — your  hearts  trembling  with  fear — and 
nothing  but  death  before  you — whither  would  your  thoughts 
turn? — what  would  you  do?"  He  paused — and  an  untu- 
tored sailor,  whose  attention  was  arrested  by  the  description 
of  a  storm  at  sea,  supposing  he  waited  for  an  answer,  replied, 
"  Why,  in  that  case,  d'ye  see,  1  should  immcdi.itely  hoist 
the  fore-sail,  and  scud  away  for  Squam." — Mr.  Tucke  was 
ordained  July  26,  1732.  Rev.  Mr.  Fitch  preached  the  or- 
dination sermon,  from  these  words  ;  ''  T  will  make  you  fish- 
ers of  men."  Mr.  Tucke  received  a  settlement  of  50/.  and 
an  annual  salary  of  1  lOZ. ;  but  from  1754,  his  salary  was 
paid  in  merchantable  winter  fish,  at  a  quintal  per  man — 
making  between  80  and  100  quintals  per  annum.  The  fish 
was  worth  a  guinea  per  quintal,  so  that  his  salary  was  con- 
sidered as  one  of  the  most  valuable  in  New-England.  "The 
inhabitants  were  respectful,  kind,  and  generous  to  their  min- 
I  ister  ;  and  considering  the  nature  of  their  employment,  and 
consequent  habits,  dwelt  together  in  a  good  degree  of  har- 
mony." Mr.  Tucke  was  graduated  at  Harvard  College  in 
1723,  and  continued  in  the  ministry  till  his  death,  Aug.  12, 
1773,  having  survived  his  wife  about  two  months.  He  Itft 
one  son,  the  Rev.  Mr.  Tucke,  of  Epsom,  and  two  daughters. 
He  published  a  sermon,  preached  at  the  ordination  of  his 
son,  1761.  "  Mr.  Tucke  was  a  man  of  an  affable  and  amia- 
ble disposition,  of  easy  and  polite  manners,  of  humble  and 
unaffected  piety,  of  diligence  and  fidelity  in  the  service  of 
the  ministry.  In  History  and  Geography,  he  Avas  eminently 
learned,  beyond  most  of  his  cotemporaries.  He  acted  in 
the  double  capacity  of  Physician  of  body  and  soul.  Under 
his  nurturing  and  pastoral  care,  his  people  increased  in  num- 
bers and  wealth,  in  knowlcdfjc^  piety,  and  respectability." 

In  October,  1733,  the  Rev.  Thomas  Thompson  succeeded 
Mr.  Clark  in  the  ministry  at  Londonderry.  'J  he  inhabitants 
had  sent  Mr.  Bovs  to  Ireland,  to  procure  a  minister.  He 
agreed  with  Mr.  Thompson,  who  was  ordained  by  the  Pres- 
bytery of  Tyrone,  and  came  well  recommended  to  this 
country.  The  Session,  in  behalf  of  the  church  and  socie- 
ty, voted"  heartily  and  cheerfully  to  accept  and  receive  him 
38 


298  Ecclesiastical  History. 

to  be  their  minister  in  the  Lord  ;  promising,  as  God  should 
enable  them,  to  yield  all  due  subjection  and  obedience  to 
his  ministry,  and  to  respect  him  as  an  Ambassador  of  Jesus 
Christ,  for  his  work's  sake."  He  was  then  29  years  of  age. 
He  continued  their  pastor  but  five  years,  and  died  Sept.  22, 
1738,  leaving  a  widow  and  one  child.  "  He  was  a  man  of 
promising  talents  and  handsome  accomplishments — easy,  af- 
fable, and  pleasant  in  his  manners,  and  interesting  as  a  pub- 
lic speaker.  At  his  decease,  the  town,  from  attachment  to 
his  family  and  respect  to  bis  memory,  voted  to  bestow  70/. 
towards  the  education  of  his  infant  son  " — an  instance  of 
liberality  worthy  of  all  praise,  and  of  more  frequent  imita- 
tion. 

In  1 734,  the  Rev.  John  Wilson  was  settled  at  Chester  over 
the  Presbyterian  church  in  that  town ;  and  Rev.  Ward  Cot- 
ton succeeded  Mr.  Gookin  in  the  ministry  at  Hampton. 

Mr.  Wilson  was  born  in  the  county  of  Ulster,  in  the  north 
of  Ireland,  to  which  his  ancestors  had  emigrated  from  Scot- 
land. He  came  to  this  country  in  1729.  He  preached  45 
years  to  his  people,  and  died  Feb.  1, 1779,  aged  76. 

Mr.  Cotton  was  one  of  the  5  sons  of  the  Rev.  Roland 
Cotton,*  of  Sandwich,  who  received  a  collegiate  education. 
His  mother  was  Elizabeth,  only  daughter  of  Hon.  Nathaniel 
Saltonstall,  of  Haverhill,  and  sister  of  Gov.  Saltonstall,  of 
Connecticut.  She  had  been  the  wife  of  the  Rev.  John  D(;n- 
ison,  of  Ipswich,  before  her  marriage  with  Mr.  Cotton.  Mr. 
Cotton,  of  Hampton,  was  graduated  at  Harvard  College  in 
1 729.  His  wife  was  Joanna  Rand,  a  daughter  of  Dr.  Rand, 
of  Boston, who  survived  him  and  three  other  husbands  whom 
she  subsequently  married,  and  died  in  Nottingham,  in  this 
State,  12  or  15  years  ago.  Mr.  Cotton  continued  31  years 
in  the  ministry  at  Hampton,  and  was  dismissed  in  1765.  At 
the  time  of  his  ordination,  the  church  consisted  of  253  mem- 
bers. Under  his  ministry,  519  were  added  to  the  number, 
although  98  of  them  appear  to  have  been  received  on  what 
was  called  the  half-way  covenant,  and  never  came  to  the  or- 
dinance of  the  supper.  The  number  of  his  baptisms  was 
1200. 

In  1736,  the  Rev.  Ecenezer  Flagg  succeeded  Mr.  Hale 
at  Chester ;  the  Rev.  Samuel  Parsons  succeeded  Mr.  Mer- 
rill at  Rye  ;  the  Rev.  Joseph  Ashley  was  ordained  the  first 
minister  of  Winchester ;  and  the  Rev.   Arthur  Brown,  an 


*  Rev.  Roland  Cotton  was  a  brother  of  the  Rev.  TheopLUus  Cotton, 
of  Hampton-Falls. 


Ecclesiastical  History.  299 

Episcopalian,  became  the  first  incumbent  of  Queen's  Chap- 
>1,  in  Portsmouth. 

Mr.  Flagg  was  graduated  at  Harvard  College  in  1725. — 
He  continued  in  the  ministry  till  his  death,  Nov.  14,  1796,  at 
he  age  of  92 — having  attained  the  greatest  age  ot  any  min- 
ster ever  settled  in  this  State,  excepting  Mr.  Adams  of  New- 
ngton. 

Mr.  Parsons  was  graduated  at  Harvard,  in  1730,  and  died 
Jan.  4,  1 789,  in  the  78ih  year  of  his  age,  and  the  53d  of  his 
ministry.  One  of  his  daughters  married  the  Rev.  John 
Tuckc  of  Epsom. 

Mr.  Ashley  was  graduated  at  Yale  College  in  1730.  He 
was  ordained  Nov.  12,  1736,  and  the  church  in  Winchester 
was  gathered  the  same  day.  In  1747,  he  was  compelled  to 
leave  the  place,  on  account  of  Indian  depredations,  and  was 
afterwards  settled  at  Sunderland,  in  Massachusetts. 

By  the  help  of  contributions  in  England,  a  Chapel  for 
Episcopalian  worship  was  erected  in  Portsmouth,  in  1734. 
Though  Richard  Gibson,  the  first  preacher  in  that  town,  of 
■whom  we  have  any  account,  was  an  Episcopalian,  Mr. 
Brown  is  considered  the  first  minister  of  that  order,  regular- 
ly settled  at  Portsmouth  ;  and  he  was  a  missionary  from  the 
society  in  England  for  the  propagation  of  the  gospel  in  for- 
eign parts,  and  partially  supported  by  that  society.  He  was 
a  son  of  Rev.  John  Brown,  who  removed  from  Scotland  to 
Ireland — was  educated  at  Trinity  College,  Dublin — and  was 
ordained  by  the  Bishop  of  London  for  a  society  in  Provi- 
dence, Rhode-Island,  where  he  tarried  some  time  before  his 
removal  to  Portsmouth.  He  married  Mary  Cox,  a  daugh- 
ter of  Rev.  John  Cox,  D.  D.,  of  Drogheda,  by  whom  he  had 
nine  children,  the  first  of  whom  was  born  in  Dublin,  the  four 
next  in  Providence,  and  the  four  last  in  Portsmouth.  His 
children  were,  1.  Thomas,  who  died  in  Portsmouth;  2. Mar- 
maduke,  who  was  educated  at  Trinity  College,  ordained  by 
the  Bishop  of  London,  and  settled  at  Newport,  Rhode-Island, 
where  he  died,  March  19,  1771,  leaving  a  son  Arthur,  who 
was  a  Professor  of  Civil  Law  in  Trinity  College,  and  its 
Representative  in  Parliament;  3.  Lucy,  wife  of  Mr.  Smith, 
a  British  officer  ;  4.  Jane,  wife  of  Hon.  Samuel  Livermore, 
the  former  Chief  Justice  of  this  State,  and  father  of  Hon. 
Arthur  Livermore,  of  Holderness ;  5.  Mary,  wife  of  Rev. 
Mr.  Sargeant,  formerly  of  Cambridge  ;  6.  Ann,  wife  of  Mr. 
St.  Loe,  a  British  officer  ;  7.  Elizabeth,  wife  of  Maj.  Rob- 
ert Rogers,  and  afterwards  of  Capt.  John  Roche,  of  Con- 
cord ;  8.  Arthur ;  9.  Peter.  Mr.  Brown  officiated  at  Ports- 
mouth till  his  death,  but  died  at  Cambridge,  in  1773,  aged  73. 


300  Origm  of  Surnames. 

He  published  a  sermon,  delivered  on  the  day  appointed  iat 
the  execution  of  Penplopo  Kenny,  1739  ;  a  sermon,  on  the 
rebellion  in  Scotland,  1746;  a  sermon,  to  Free  Masons, 
1748  ;  a  Fast  sermon,  1757  ;  a  sermon,  on  the  doctrine  of 
election,  1757  ;  and  is  suppcjsed  to  have  been  the  author  of 
Remarks  on  Dr.  Mayhcw's  Incidental  Reflections,  1763. 
[To  be  coniinued.l 

FOR    THE    MONTHLY    LITERARY    JOURNAL. 


ORIGhN  OF   SURNAMES. 

Surnames  were  first  imposed  for  the  distinction  of  fami- 
lies in  which  they  were  to  continue  hereditary.  It  is  not 
more  than  eight  hundred  ycflrs  since  they  were  first  intro- 
duced among  our  English  ancestors.  They  were  unknown 
among  ancient  nations,  excepting  the  Romans,  who  used 
them  after  the  league  with  the  Sabines.  They  were  called 
Nomina  and  Nomina  Gcnlilitia,  as  the  former  were  called 
Pr(znomina.  By  the  French  and  English,  they  are  termed 
surnames,  not  because  they  are  the  name  of  the  sirc,or  father, 
but  because  they  are  superadded  to  christian  names. 

The  Hebrew  nation,  in  reference  to  their  tribe,  used  in 
their  genealogies,  instead  of  surnames,  the  name  of  their 
father  with  Ben,  signifying  son,  as  Melchi  Bcn-Addi,  Addi 
Ben-Cosam,  Cosam  Ben-Elmadam,  &c. 

A  similar  practice  prevailed  among  our  ancient  En- 
glish ancestors,  as  Cconred  Ceolwalding,  Ceolwald  Cuth- 
ing,  Cuth  Cuthwining,  that  is,  Ceonred  son  of  Ceolwald, 
Ceolwald  son  of  Cuth,  Cuih  son  of  Cuthwin,  &c.  In  the 
same  sense,  the  Welsh  Britains  used  ^p  for  Mab  ;  the  Irish, 
Mac,  as  Donald  Mac-Neale,  Neal  Mac-Con,  &c.  and  the 
Normans,  Fitz,  as  John  Fitz-Robert,  &,c.* 

*The  learned  Camrlen  says  tliat  to  these  names  were  oftentimes  adjoiBed  other  ' 

names,  commonly  called  nick-names,  which"  did    die  with  the  bearer,  and   never  ]' 

descended  to  posteritie."     He  gives  several    exemplifications  of  the  kind,  which  f 

we  shall  quote  in  his  own  language,  and  the  orthography  of  his  age.  j 

"  King  JEarfg-nr  was  called   the  penreahle,  king  Ethclred  the     Vnreadie,  king  c 

Edmund  imh\iYA\nv\\,  Iron-side;  K  ing  Harold  the  Harefoote,  Eadric  the  Stre-  f 

ona,  tlmt  is,  the  Getter  or  Streiner,  Siciva^'^d  the  'Degera,  that  is  the  Valiant  ;   King  J 

W^iffiam,  the  first.  Bastard,  King  William  the    second   Rowse,  that  is,   the   Red,  !; 

King //enry  the  first  Beaudarke,  that  is,  Fine  Scholler:  so  in  the  house  of  Jlniou  j 

which  obtained  the  Crowne  of  England,    Geffrey    the  first  Earle   of  Anion   was  ',? 

surnamed  Gerisogonel,  that  is,  Grey   cloake,  Falco  his   sonne    Nerra,  his  grand-  ;■' 

childe  Rechin,  for  his  extortion.     Againe,  his  grand-childe  Plantagenet,  for  that  he  i? 

ware  commonly  a  broome-sialke  in  his  bonnet,  His  sonne  Henry  the  second.  King  j- 

of  England,  Fliz  Empresse,  because  his  mother  was   Empresse,  his   sonne   King  j 

Richard  had  for  surname  Corde-Lion,  for  his  lion-like  courage,  as  John  was  called  ^1 

Sans-terre,  that  is,  without  land."  ( 


Origin  of  Sw'names.  301 

Surnames  began  to  be  used  by  the  French  nation  about 
the  commencement  ol"  the  eleventh  century.  In  England 
they  were  introduced  about  the  time  ot  the  contjuest,  [A.  D. 
1066]  though  according  to  some  antiquaries,  they  were  used 
under  Edward,  tfie  Confessor,  who  began  his  reign  in  1041. 
In  Scotland,  they  commenced  about  the  same  time,  although 
it  IS  the  opinion  of  Buchanan,  that  they  were  not  used  in 
that  kingdom  for  many  years  after.  In  England,  they  were 
introduced  gradually,  being  first  assumed  by  people  of  the 
"  better  sort,"  and  it  was  not  until  the  reign  of  Edward  If. 
[A.  [).  1307]  that  they  were  "settled  among  the  common 
people  fully."  For  some  time,  they  varied  according  to  the 
father''s  name,  as  Richardson,  if  the  father  were  Richard, 
Hodgeson,  or  Pogerson,  if  the  father  were  Roger.  From 
the  reign  of  Edward,  names  of  families  began  to  be  estab- 
lished, either  by  statute,  or  the  common  consent  of  the  na- 
tion in  general. 

Few  writers  have  investigated  the  subject  of  the  origin  of 
surnames  with  more  attention  and  accuracy  than  (he  learned 
Camden.  From  him  modern  writers  have  derived  almost 
all  they  have  written  on  the  subject;  and  notwithstanding 
much  has  been  written  in  England  on  antiquities  of  this  kind, 
little  or  nothing  has  appeared  in  our  country.  As  the  work 
of  Camden  is  very  rare  among  us,  we  shall  make  such  ex- 
tracts as  we  suppose  will  be  generally  interesting.  He  says 
it  "  will  seem  stiange  to  some  Englishmen  and  Scottishmrn, 
which,  like  the  Arcadians,  think  their  surnames  as  ancient 
as  the  moon,  or  at  least  to  reach  many  an  age  beyond  the 
conquest.  But  they  which  think  it  most  strange,  1  doubt 
they  will  hardly  find  any  surname  which  descended  to  pos- 
terity before  that  time.  Neither  have  they  seen,  1  fear,  any 
deed  or  donation  before  the  conqui  st,  but  subsigned  with 
crosses  and  single  names,  without  surnames,  in  this  manner 
in  Ensjland  ;  +  Ego  Eadredus  confirmavi.  +  Ego  Ednuirt' 
dus  corroboravi,  &c.  As  for  myself,  1  never  hitherto  found 
any  hereditary  surname  before  the  conquest,  neither  any 
that  I  know ;  atid  yet  both  I  myself  and  divers  whom  I 
know,  have  pored  and  puzzled  upon  many  an  old  record 
and  evidence  to  satisfy  ourselves  herein." 

"But  about  the  time  of  the  conquest,  I  observed  the  very 
primary  beginnings  as  it  were  of  many  surnames,  which  are 
thought  very  ancient,  when  as  it  may  be  proved  that  their 
very  lineal  progenitors  bore  other  names  within  these  600 
years.  [Camden  wrote  in  1603.]  Mortimer  and  fFrnren  are 
accounted  names  of  great  antiquity,  yet  the  father  of  them 
(for  they  were  brethren)  who  first  bore  those  names,   was 


302  Origin  of  Surnames. 

Wallerus  de  sancto  Martino.  He  that  first  took  the  name 
of  Clifford  ivoxxx  his  habitation,  was  the  son  of  Richard,  son 
of  Puntze.  a  noble  Norman,  who  had  no  other  name.  The 
first  Lumlcy  was  son  of  an  ancient  Englishman,  called  Li- 
wulph.  The  first  Gifford.,  from  whom  they  of  Buckingham, 
and  the  lords  of  Brimfsfield,  and  others  descended,  was  the 
son  of  a  Norman,  called  Osbert  de  Bolebec.  The  first 
Windsor  descended  from  Walter,  the  son  of  Other  Castel- 
lan, of  Windsor.  The  first  who  took  the  name  of  Shirley 
was  the  son  of  Sewall,  descended  from  Fulcher,  without 
an}''  other  name.  The  first  Nevill  of  them  which  are  now, 
from  Robert,  the  son  of  Maldred,  a  branch  of  an  old  Eng- 
lish family,  who  married  Isabel,  the  daughter  and  heir  of 
the  Nevills  which  came  out  of  Normandy.  The  first  Lox- 
eU  c^me  from  Gonel  de  Percevall.  The  first  Moniacule  was 
the  son  of  Drogo  Juvonis,  as  it  is  in  (he  record.  The  first 
that  took  the  name  of  de  Bnrgo,  or  Burke  in  Ireland,  was 
the  son  of  an  Enilishman,  called  William  Fitz  Adelme.  In 
many  more  could  I  exemplify,  which  shortly  after  the  con- 
quest, took  these  surnames,  when  either  their  fathers  had 
none  at  all,  or  else  most  different,  whatsoever  their  posterity 
do  overween  of  the  antiquity  of  their  names,  as  though  in 
the  continual  mutability  of  the  world,  conversions  of  states, 
and  fatal  periods  of  families,  five  hundred  years  were  not 
sufficient  antiquity  for  a  family  or  name,  when  as  but  very 
few  have  reached  there  unto." 

"In  the  authentical  record  of  the  Exchequer  called 
Domesday,  surnames  arc  first  found  [in  England]  brought  in 
them  by  the  Normans,  who  not  long  before  first  took  them  ; 
but  most  noted  with  df\,  such  a  place  as  Godefridius  de  Man- 
nevilla  ;  Radulphus  de  Pomeroy,  &c."  but  he  says  there 
are  "very  many  with  their  christian  names  only,  as  Olaff, 
Ncgcllus,  &,c.  v>fhich  single  names  are  noted  last  in  every 
shire,  as  mm  of  least  account.  But  shortly  after,  it  seemed 
a  disgrace  for  a  gentleman  to  have  but  one  single  name,  as 
the  meaner  sort  and  bastards  had.  For  the  daughter  and 
heir  of  Filz  Hamon,  a  great  lord,  when  King  Henry  I.  would 
have  married  her  to  his  base  son  Robert,  she  first  refusing, 
answered, 

*  It  were  to  me  a  gfreaf  shame 

'  To  have  a  I»rd  without  'n  his  twa  name  ;' 

whereupon,  the  king  his  father  gave  him  the  name  of  Fitz 
Roy,  who  was  after  earl  of  Gloucester,  and  the  only  worthy 
of  his  age." 

To  be  continued. 


(  303  ) 
INDIAN  TROUBLES  AT  DUNSTABLE. 


Alessrs.  Editors — As  it  is  one  object  of  your  useful  and  in 
teresting  publication  to  collect  and  diffuse  information  res- 
pecting the  depredations  of  the  Indians,  perhaps  the  follow- 
ing anecdotes  may  not  be  unacceptable.  They  refer  to  the 
hostile  attacks  of  the  Indians  upon  Dunstable  and  the  neie;h- 
boring  towns,  during  the  war  which  raged  from  1722  till 
1725,  commonly  called  LoveweWs  War.  The  facts  are  giv- 
en as  they  were  related  by  an  aged  and  venerable  gentleman 
still  living  in  the  vicinity.  J.  B.  H. 

When  this  war  commenced,  Dunstable  was  a  frontier 
town.  Garrison  houses  were  established  in  various  parts 
of  it,  two  of  which  (Wells's  and  Galusha's  were  afterwards 
celebrated  for  the  result  of  an  attack  upon  both  the  same 
day,  made  by  a  party  of  the  savages.  Scouts  of  horse  fi  om 
the  lower  towns  were  constantly  kept  out  scouring  the  woods 
upon  the  frontiers.  One  day,  a  compan}'^  of  these  who  had 
been  ranging  the  woods  in  the  vicinity  without  making  any 
discovery,  towards  night,  came  to  Wells'  garrison,  and  ap- 
prehending no  danger,  turned  their  horses  loose  upon  the  in- 
terval, piled  their  arms  and  harness  in  the  house,  and  began 
a  carousal,  to  exhilarate  theii-  spirits  after  the  fatigues  of  the 
day.  A  party  of  Indians  had  lately  arrived  in  the  vicinity, 
and  on  that  day  had  designed  to  attack  both  Wells'  and  Ga- 
lusha's  garrisons.*  One  of  their  number  had  been  stationed 
to  watch  each  of  these  houses,  to  see  that  no  assistance  ap- 
proached, and  no  alarm  was  given.  A  short  time  previous 
to  the  approach  ol  the  cavalry,  the  Indian  stationed  at  Wells' 
had  retired  to  his  party,  and  reported  that  all  was  safe.  At 
sunset,  a  Mr.  Cumings  and  his  wife  went  out  to  milk  their 
cows,  and  left  the  gate  open.  The  Indians,  who  had  advanc- 
ed undiscovered,  started  up,  shot  Mrs.  Cumings  dead  upon 
the  spot,  and  wounded  her  husband.  They  then  rushed 
through  the  open  gate  into  the  house,  with  all  the  horrid  yells 
of  conquering  savages,  but  stared  with  amazement  on  find- 
ing the  room  filled  with  soldiers  merrily  feasting.    Both  par- 

*  Wells'  garrison  was  in  the  southerly  part  of  Dunstable,  N.  H.  a- 
bout  half  a  mile  from  the  State  line,  near  Jaines  Baldwin's  house,  on  a 
place  known  hy  the  name  of  the  Blanchard  farm,  east  of  the  great  road 
to  Boston.  Galusha's,  was  about  two  miles  south-west  of  this,  on  Sal- 
mon brook,  at  a  place  formerly  called  Gasgow,  on  which  Henry  Turrell 
now  lives. 


304  Indian  Troubles  at  Dunstable. 

ties  were  completely  amrized,  and  neither  acted  with  much 
propriety.  The  soldiers,  so  suddenly  interrupted  in  their 
jovial  entertainment,  found  themselves  called  to  fight,  when 
entirely  destitute  of  arms,  and  incapable  of  obtaining  them. 
The  greater  part  were  panic-struck,  and  unable  to  fight  or 
fly.  Fortunately,  all  were  not  in  this  sad  condition  :  some 
six  or  seven  courageous  souls,  with  chairs,  clubs,  and  what- 
ever they  could  seize  upon,  furiously  attacked  the  advancing 
foe.  The  Indians,  who  were  as  much  surprised  as  the  sol- 
diers, had  but  little  more  courage  than  they,  and  immediate- 
ly took  to  their  heels  for  safety ;  thus  yielding  the  house, 
defeated  by  one  quarter  their  number  of  unarmed  men.  The 
trumpeteer,  who  was  in  the  upper  part  of  the  house  at  the 
commencement  of  the  attack,  seized  his  trumpet  and  began 
sounding  an  alarm,  when  he  was  shot  dead  by  an  Indian  on 
the  stair-way.     He  was  the  only  one  of  the  party  killed. 

The  savages,  disappointed  in  this  part  of  their  plan,  im- 
mediately proceeded  to  Galusha's,  two  miles  distant ;  took 
possession  of,  and  burnt  it.  One  woman  only  escaped.  Had 
the  company  at  Wells',  armed  and  immediately  pursued, 
they  might  probably  have  prevented  this  disaster  ;  but  they 
spent  so  much  time  in  arming  and  getting  their  horses,  that 
the  enemy  had  an  opportunity  to  perpetrate  the  mischief  and 
escape  uninjured. 

The  woman  above  mentioned,  when  the  Indians  attacked 
the  house,  sought  refuge  in  the  cellar,  and  concealed  herself 
under  a  dry  cask.  After  hastily  plundering  the  house,  and 
murdering  as  they  supposed  all  who  were  in  it,  the  Indians 
set  it  on  fire  and  immediately  retired.  The  woman  in  this 
critical  situation,  attempted  to  escape  by  the  window,  but 
found  it  too  small :  she  however  succeeded  in  loosening  the 
stones  till  she  had  opened  a  hole  sufficient  to  admit  of  her 
passage,  and  with  the  house  in  flames  over  her  head,  she  for- 
ced herself  out,  and  crawled  into  the  bushes,  not  daring  to 
rise  for  fear  she  should  be  discovered.  In  the  bushes  she 
lay  concealed  until  the  next  day,  when  she  reached  one  of 
the  neighboring  garrisons. 

Cumings,  at  Wells'  garrison,  had  his  arm  broken,  b»|t  was 
so  fortunate  as  to  reach  the  woods  while  the  Indians  were 
engaged  in  the  house.  That  night  he  lay  in  a  swamp  in  the 
northerly  part  of  what  at  present  constitutes  the  town  of 
Tyngsborough,  about  one  quarter  of  a  mile  west  of  the  great 
road  as  it  now  runs,  and  a  few  rods  south  of  the  State  line. 
The  next  day  he  arrived  at  the  garrison  near  the  residence 


Indian  Troubles  at  Dunstable.  805 

of  the  late  Col.  Tyng.     The  precise  date  of  this  transaction 
is  not  known."* 

On  the  fifth  of  Sept.  1724,  Nath  m  Cross  and  Thos.  Blan- 
ch:ird,  who  had  been  cni^aged  in  tht>  manufacture  of  turpfii- 
tine  on  the  northern  side  of  Nishua  river,  near  whne  the 
vilhigf^  now  stTn«ls,  were  missing.  At  that  time,  there  were 
no  houses  or  settlements  on  thai  side  the  river.  These  men 
had  been  in  the  habit  of  returning  every  night  to  lodge  in  a 
saw-mill  on  the  other  side.  That  night  thry  came  not  as  usu- 
al. An  alarm  was  given  ;  it  was  feared  they  h.ul  fallen  into 
the  hands  of  the  Indians.  A  party  consisting  of  ten  of  the 
principal  inhabitants  of  the  place  .started  in  search  of  them, 
under  the  direction  of  one  French,  a  sergeant  of  militia.  In 
this  company  was  Farwell,  who  was  afterwards  lieutenant 
under  Lovewcll.  When  this  party  arrived  at  the  spot  where 
the  men  had  been  laboring,  they  found  the  hoops  of  the  bar- 
rel cut,  and  the  turpentine  spread  upon  the  ground.  From 
certain  marks  upon  the  trees  made  with  coal  mixed  with 
grease,  they  understood  that  the  men  were  taken  and  carried 
off  aiive.  In  the  course  of  the  examination,  Farwell  per- 
ceived the  turpentine  had  not  ceased  spreading,  and  called 
the  attention  of  his  comrades  to  this  circumstance.  They  con- 
cluded that  the  Indians  had  been  gone  but  a  short  time,  and 
must  still  be  near,  and  decided  upon  an  instant  pursuit.  Far- 
well  advised  them  to  take  a  circuitous  rout,  to  avoid  an  am- 
bush. But  unfortunately  he  and  French  had  a  short  time 
previous  had  a  misunderstanding,  and  were  then  at  variance. 
French  imputed  this  advice  to  cowardice,  and  called  out,  "I 
am  going  to  take  the  direct  path  ;  if  any  of  you  are  not  a- 
fraid,  let  him  follow  me."  French  led  the  way  and  the  whole 
party  followed,  Farwell  fdling  in  the  rear.  Their  routs  was 
up  the  Merrimack,  towards  which  they  bent  their  course  to 
look  for  their  horses  upon  the  interval.  At  the  brook  near 
Lutwyche's  (now  Thornton's)  Ferry,  they  were  way-laid. — 
The  Indians  fired  upon  them,  and  killed  the  larger  part  in- 
stantly. A  few  fled,  but  were  overtaken  and  destroyed. — 
French  was  killed  about  a  mile  from  the  place  of  action,  un- 
der an  oak  tree  now  standing  in  a  field  belonging  to  Mr. 
Lund  in  Merrimack.  Farwell  in  the  rear,  seeing  those  be- 
fore him  fall,  sprung  behind  a  tree,  discharged  his  piece  and 
ran.     Two  Indians  pursued  him.     The  chase  was  vigorously 

[*  We  are  inclined  to  believe  that  tliis  happened  many  years  antece- 
dent to  Lovcwell's  war,  as  there  is  no  mentioo  of  it  made  in  Pcnhallow. 
Galusha,  if  wc  mistake  not,  was  among  the  early  seltlerB  of  old  Dunsta* 
ble. — Editors.] 

39 


306  Indian  Troubles  at  Dunstable* 

maintained  for  some  time  without  gaining  much  advantage, 
till  Farwell  passing  through  a  thicket,lhe  Indians  lost  sight  of 
him,  and  fearing  he  might  have  loaded  again,  they  desisted. 
He  was  the  only  one  of  the  company  that  escaped.  A  com- 
pany from  the  neighborhood  mustered  upon  the  news  of 
this  disaster,  proceeded  to  the  fatal  spot,  took  up  the  bodies 
of  their  friends  and  townsmen  and  interred  them  in  the  bury- 
ing ground  in  Dunstable. — Blanchard  and  Cross  were  car- 
ried to  Canada  :  after  remaining  there  some  time,  they  suc- 
ceeded by  their  own  exertions  in  effecting  their  redemption 
are  returned  to  their  native  town,  where  their  descendants 
are  still  living. 

Farwell  was  afterwards  engaged  as  lieutenant  in  Love- 
well's  fight,  and  in  the  commencement  of  the  action  was  shot 
through  the  belly.  He  survived  the  contest  two  or  three 
days,  and  with  one  Eleazer  Davis,  from  Concord,  attempted 
to  reach  home.  They  were  destitute  of  provisions,  and  find- 
ing some  cranberries,  greedily  devoured  them.  Those  eaten 
by  Farwell  came  out  at  his  wound.  Though  his  case  was 
hopeless.  Davis  continued  with  and  assisted  him  till  he  be- 
came so  weak  as  to  be  unable  to  stand,  and  then,  at  Farwell's 
earnf^st  entreaties  that  he  would  j^rovide  for  his  own  safety, 
left  him  to  his  fate.  Previous  to  this  he  had  taken  Farwell's 
handkerchief  and  tied  it  to  the  top  of  a  bush  that  it  might  af- 
ford a  mark  by  whicn  his  remains  couid  the  more  easily  be 
found.  After  going  from  him  a  short  distance,  Farwell  cal- 
led him  back  and  requested  to  be  turned  upon  the  other  side. 
This  was  done,  and  was  the  last  that  was  known  of  him. 
Dnvis  reached  Concord  in  safety. 

The  diUe  of  the  affair  at  Nashua  is  taken  from  Belknap, 
who  bri'  fly  notices  it,  page  60,  vol.  2,  but  slates  the  num- 
ber of  the  party  at  eleven,  and  that  two  escaped.  The  dif- 
ference in  the  account  is  not  material.  The  narrator  from 
whom  the  above  account  was  taken,  was  born  14  years  only 
after  that  event  ;  was  nephew  to  Finnvell,  and  intimately  ac- 
quainted with  many  of  the  survivors  of  those  combats,  from 
whom  he  received  his  information,  of  the  correctness  of 
which  there  can  be  no  doubt. 

A  man  by  the  name  of  Parish*  lived  on  the  place  after- 
wards owned  by  Col.  Blanchard,  not  far  from  Wells'  Garri- 
son. The  Indians,  in  one  of  their  predatory  excursions,  at- 
tacked his  house,  killed  him,  his  wiie   and  oldest  daughter. 

*  P  rish  was  a  lav^rp  land  proprietor  in  Dunstable,  but  thr^iiqrb  the  mis- 
foriupes  of  thdt  day,  and  tlie  remissness  of  tlieir  liieuds,  his  destitute 
cbiidreD  lost  all  bis  possessions. 


M{scellanies....Ko.  IV.  307 

Two  small  girls  who  composed  the  rest  of  his  family  ran 
dovvti  collai-,  :\nd  ci-awlcd  under  an  empty  hogshead.  The 
savages  plundered  the  house,  struck  with  their  tomahawks 
upon  the  hogslicad,  but  neglected  to  examine  it,  and  depart- 
ed, leaving  the  house  unhurnt,  probably  fearing  the  flames 
would  aiarm  the  neighbors.  The  orphan  girls  were  sent  to 
Charlestown,  and  there  brought  up.  One  married  a  Rich- 
ardson, the  other  a  Goffe,  father  of  the  celebrated  Col. 
Goffe,  whose  posterity  are  numerous  in  this  vicinity. 


ANECDOTE    OF    REV.    HUGH    ADAMS.* 

Mr.  Adams  published  a  poem  against  wearing  idgs  and 
hoop-pel ticuafs^  which  he  considered  anti-christian  garments, 
and  inventions  of  the  devil.  While  at  college,  he  was  re- 
markably serious  in  his  appearance  and  conversation,  and 
"wts  consequently  the  subject  of  sport  to  his  dissipated  con- 
temporaries. Among  his  classmates  were  Collins,  Read  and 
Southinayd,  who  felt  disposed  to  amuse  themselves  at  his  ex- 
pense. The  latter  had  a  chair  which  appeared  very  well, 
but  if  any  person  sat  down  in  it,  it  immediately  fell  to  pieces, 
and  let  the  incumbent  on  the  floor.  He  and  Collins  sent 
Reed  to  invite  Adams  to  their  room,  pretending  that  they 
wished  to  have  some  serious  conversation  with  him.  He 
very  readily  accepted  the  invitation.  The  armed  chair  was 
placed  for  him,  in  which  he  attempted  to  sit,  and  fell  with  all 
his  gravity,  amid  the  wreck  of  the  chair,  upon  the  floor ! 
Rising,  with  great  composure,  he  repeated  extempore  the 
following  paraphrase  of  the  first  verse  of  the  Psalms,  and 
left  the  room  : 

Blest  is  the  man  who  hath  not  lent 

To  wicked  Reedhls  ear  ; 
Nor  spent  his  life  as  Collins  hath, 

Not  sat  in  SouthmaycPs  chair. 

Collins  and  Sonthmayd,  after  leaving  college,  were  settled 
in  the  ministry.  Reed  studied  theology,  and  preached  a 
number  of  years,  but  was  never  ordained.  He  was  a  man 
of  talents,  but  of  his  other  qualifications  for  a  minister  some 
0[)inion  may  be  tormed  by  the  following  anecdote.  He 
preached  on  some  occasion  for  the  Rev.  Mr.  Walker,  and 
took  for  his  text,  Job  i.  7.     "  And  the  Lord  said  unto  Satan, 

»  See  CoUections,  1823-^pp.  239,  281,  291. 


308  Miscellanies, »:J^o,  IV. 

whence  comest  thou  ?  Thrn  Satnn  answered  the  Lord  and 
said,  From  going  to  and  ho  in  the  earth,  and  from  walking 
up  and  down  in  it."  After  a  suitable  introduction,  he  said 
that  "f/ie  rferi7  wo*  fl  Walker."  When  about  40  years  of 
age,  Mr.  Reed  turntd  his  attention  to  the  law,  and  became 
one  of  the  most  eminent  lawyers  in  New-England. 

In  the  campaign  of  1779.  the  commander  in  chief  sent  a 
strong  force  under  the  command  of  Major  General  Sullivan, 
into  the  Susquehanna  county,  so  called,  and  the  western  part 
of  New-York,  to  put  a  stop  to  the  ravages  of  the  Indians. 
After  the  different  detachmmfs  had  formed  a  junction  at 
Tioga  Point,  and  while  they  were  yet  there,  Col.  Proctor 
of  the  artillery,  obtained  from  the  Grand  Lodge  of  P^^nnsyl- 
vania,  a  warrant  to  hold  a  moveable  Lodge  of  Free  Masons 
in  the  camp,  and  this  Lodge  was  opened  almost  every  day 
after  the  army  had  made  its  daily  march. 

After  arrivmg  at  Tioga,  two  tents  were  pitched  for  the  ac- 
commodation of  the  Lodge,  on  ijround  covered  with  h;izel 
bushes.  After  the  tents  Avere  stt  up,  the  bushes  were  cut 
away,  and  a  thick  coat  of  leaves,  whirh  had  appare ntl}'  been 
gathering  there  for  centuries,  was  swept  off.  Ihidcr  all 
those  dead  leaves,  and  partly  buried  in  the  ground  was 
found  an  old  iron  square,  very  much  decayed,  but  still  h>trong 
enough  for  the  use  of  the  Lodge  ;  and  it  was  so  used  when- 
ever the  Lodge  formed  for  business,  during  the  expedition. 
What  is  remarkable  in  the  affair  is,  the  country  was  a  howl- 
ing wilderness,  nor  was  it  known  that  a  white  person  had 
ever  been  there.  The  brotherhood  considered  the  finding 
of  a  square  in  the  wilderness,  and  on  the  very  spot  where 
they  pitched  their  tents  to  open  the  Lodge,  as  an  omen  that 
they  were  encouraged  by  the  Great  Master  of  Masons  to 
carry  their  art  and  mysteries  into  a  new  world. 


[FKiTnEvdns'  Memoirs  of  Thomas  Mullet.] 

Revolutionary  Anecdote. — Among  the  many  anecdotes  with 
which  Mr.  Mullet  amused  and  interested  his  friends,  there 
is  one  respecting  Gen.  Washington,  that  must  not  be  lost. 
Mr.  Mullet's  first  visit  to  the  United  States  of  America  was  at 
the  close  of  the  war.  He  was  introduced,  soon  after  his  ar- 
rival, to  Gen.  W.  and  passed  some  time  with  that  great  and 
good  man.  at  his  seat.  Mount  Vernon.  Among  other  flatter- 
ing marks  of  attention.  Gen.  W.  when  he  and  Mr.  M.  were 
alone  in  the  library,  asked  him  whether,  since  his  arrival,  he 


Miscdlanies.,..^fo.  IV.  309 

had  seen  any  man  cajiable  of  writing  a  hislory  of  the  great 
contest  just  then  ended.  Mr.  M.  with  his  usual  presence 
of  mind,  answered, '' 1  know  of  one,  and  only  one,  compe- 
tent (o  such  an  undertaking."  The  General  eagerly  replied, 
"  Who,  sir,  who  can  that  individual  be  ?"  "  Caesar,  (said  Mr. 
M.)  wrote  his  own  Commentaries."  The  general  bowed,and 
added,  "Caesar,  it  is  true,  wrote  his  own  Commentaries  ; 
but  I,  sh\know  the  atrocities  committed  on  both  sides,  during 
this  unhappy  war,  to  have  been  such  and  so  man}',  that  they 
cannot  be  faithfully  recorded,  and  were  better  buried  in  ob- 
livion." 


(Ill  Williams'  history  of  Vermont, is  related  the  following  instance  of  maternal  hero- 
ism and  Indian  magnanimity.] 

The  Indians  having  carried  oil',  in  one  of  their  predatory 
excursions,  among  other  male  children,  the  young  son  of  a 
white  woman,  the  mother  followed  thf-m  with  her  other  chil- 
dren and  urged  them  to  return  her  little  boy.  They  com- 
plied ;  and  enccuraged  by  this  success  she  urged  the  matter 
further,  and  had  the  address  to  prevail  with  the  savages  to 
give  her  up  twelve  or  fifteen  of  her  neighbors'  children.  In  a 
fit  of  good  humor,  one  of  the  Indians  then  offered  to  carry  her 
on  his  back  over  the  river.  She  accepted  of  the  Indian's  polite- 
ness. The  water  was  up  to  his  middle,  but  her  savage  gal- 
lant carried  her  safely  over  ;  and  in  a  short  time  she  returned 
with  her  little  band  of  boys,  to  the  surprise  and  joy  of  their 
parents. 


(The  following  anecdotes  are  related  by  President  Aldew,  in  the  *^  Memorabilia 
of  Yarmouth,  Mass."] 

Elisha  Nauhaught  was  a  very  conscientious  deacon  :  se- 
veral anecdotes  are  related  of  him  to  the  present  day.  He 
was  a  temperate,  pious,  well  minded  Indian.  He  used  to 
pray  with  great  fervour,  in  his  vernacular  tongue,  with  his 
family,  with  the  sick,  and  at  funerals.  In  his  last  illness,  my 
father  visited  him,  and  conversing  with  him  on  death,  the 
common  allotment  of  mankind,  he  asked  Nauhaught  if  he 
were  resigned  to  his  approaching  dissolution  ?  He  replied, 
in  an  Indian  style,  "  Oh  yes,  Mr.  Alden,  I  have  always  had 
a  pretty  good  notion  about  death." 

The  following  anecdote,  which  may  also  be  seen  in  the 
Massachusetts  Magazine  for  March,  1794,  is  worthy  a  place 
among  the  memorabilia  of  Yarmouth.  I  believe  there  can 
be  no  doubt  of  its  truth,  for  1  have  often  heard  the  old  peo- 
ple relate  it. 


310  '  Misctllanits»,,,Xo.  IV. 

Our  honrst  deacon  was  once  attacked  by  a  number  of 
large  black  snakes.  Being  at  a  distance  from  any  inhabitants, 
he  was,  to  be  sure,  in  a  very  precarious  situation  ;  for,  unfor- 
tunately, he  had  not  even  a  knife  about  him  for  his  defence. 
What  to  do  he  knew  not.  To  outrun  them  he  found  utterly 
impossible,  and  to  keep  them  off  without  any  weapon  was 
equally  so.  He  therefore  came  to  the  determination  to 
stand  firm  on  his  feet.  They  began  to  wind  themsilves 
about  him  ;  in  a  little  time,  one  of  them  had  made  his  way 
up  to  the  Indian's  neck,  and  was  trying  to  put  his  black  head 
into  his  mouth.  Nauhaught  opened  it  immediately  for  him. 
Thp.  blark  serpent  thrust  in  his  head,  and  J^auhaught,  putting 
his  jazos  together,  bit  it  off  in  a  moment !  As  soon  as  the  blood, 
streaming  from  the  beheaded,  was  discovered  by  the  rest  of 
the  snakes,  they  left  their  intended  prey  with  great  precipita- 
tion, and  Nauhaught  was  liberated  from  the  jaws  of  impend- 
ing death. 

We  will  now  give  an  account  of  the  aboriginal  discovery 
of  Nantucket,  and  origin  of  fog. 

The  Vineyard  Indians  had  a  tradition,  with  regard  to  the 
origin  of  Nantucket,  which  does  not  altogether  coincide  with 
some  of  our  assertions.  However,  there  was  a  tradition 
some  years  ago  among  the  Indians  of  this  quarter,  to  the 
following  effect.  I  am  indebted  for  my  information  to  a 
good  old  Quaker  lady  of  my  acquaintance. 

In  former  times,  a  great  many  moons  ago,  a  bird,  extraor- 
dinary for  its  size,  used  often  to  visit  the  south  shore  of  Cape 
Cod,  and  carry  from  thence  to  the  southward,  a  vast  num- 
ber of  small  children. 

Maushop,  who  was  an  Indian  giant,  as  fame  reports,  resi- 
ded in  these  parts.  Enraged  at  the  havock  among  the  child- 
ren, he,  on  a  certain  time,  waded  into  the  sea  in  pursuit  of 
the  bird,  till  he  had  crossed  the  sound  and  reached  Nantuck- 
et. Before  Maushop  forded  the  sound,  the  island  was  un- 
known to  the  aborigines  of  America. 

Tradition  says,  that  Maushop  found  the  bones  of  the 
children  in  a  heap  under  a  large  tree.  He  then,  wishing  to 
smoke  a  pipe,  ransacked  the  island  for  tobacco  ;  but,  finding 
none,  filled  his  pipe  with  poke,  a  weed  which  the  Indians 
sometimes  used  as  its  substitute.  Ever  since  the  above  me- 
morable event,  fogs  have  been  frequent  at  Nantucket  and 
on  the  Cape.  In  allusion  to  this  tradition,  when  the  aborig- 
ines ob«;erved  a  fog  rising,  they  would  say,  "  There  comes  old 
Maushop''s  smoke.''^ 


(311  ) 

FOR   THE   MONTHLY    LITERARY   JOURNAL. 


CINCINNATUS— No.  XCIV.* 

GOVERNMENT. 

To  secure  the  rights  and  privileges  of  the  people,  and  to  sup- 
port a  free  government,  the  constitution  of  our  country  has  not 
only  separated,  as  far  as  was  deemed  practical,  the  legislative, 
executive  and  judicial  powers  from  each  other,  and  vested  those 
authorities  in  different  men  ;  but  it  also  provides  that  the  legis- 
lative power  should  be  exercised  by  two  houses,  each  of  whom 
has  a  negative  upon  the  other.  The  experience  of  all  free  gov- 
ernments, has  demonstrated  the  propriety  and  utility  of  having 
the  legislature  consist  of  two  branches,  one  of  which  to  be  more 
numerous  than  the  other.  This  division  of  legislative  power  has 
a  tendency  to  make  the  laws  more  perfect.  It  is  expected  that 
©ne  house  would  detect  the  errors  and  mistakes  which  might 
arise  from  the  haste,  inattention,  and  passion  of  the  other ;  and 
what  is  of  more  importance,  would  often  check  and  arrest  the 
ambitious  and  selfish  views  of  the  leaders  of  the  other. 

The  two  houses  of  the  legislature  of  the  United  States,  and  of 
most  of  the  States,  are  designated,  tJie  one  by  the  name  ot  the 
Senate,  and  the  other  by  that  of  the  House  of  Representatives. 
Though  the  two  houses  in  legislation  have  each  a  negative  upon 
the  other,  yet  their  power  and  authority  are  very  different  on 
various  subjects.  In  Congress,  all  bills  for  raising  revenue  must 
originate  in  the  house  of  representatives,  but  the  senate  may 
propose  or  concur  with  amendments  as  in  other  bills.  In  New- 
Hampshire,  and  in  other  States,  all  money  bills  must  originate  in 
the  house  of  representatives,  but  the  senate  may  propose  or 
concur  with  amendments.  The  advice  and  consent  of  the  senate 
of  the  United  States  is  absolutely  necessary  to  make  a  treaty, 
but  not  of  the  house  of  representatives.  And  without  the  ad- 
vice and  consent  of  the  senate  of  the  United  States,  no  perma- 
nent appointment  to  a  national  office  can  be  made ;  and  the  same 
authority  extends  to  the  senate  of  some  of  the  states  ;  but  the 
house  of  representatives  have  no  vote  in  making  these  appoint- 

[*  Note  by  the  Editors. — The  ninety-thiee  numbers  which  precede  this 
have  been  published  in  the  J^Tew-Humpshire  Patriot  and  Forlsmouth  Journal. — 
They  embrace  a  wide  field  of  research  on  topics  of  general  interest,  and  exhibit  at 
once  the  varied  learning  and  indefatigable  industry  of  the  writer.  .  Few  persons 
have  read  the  nunibcrs  withon-t  pleasure  and  profit — and  the  desire  is  often  expres- 
sed abroad  that  they  might  be  enil)odie(l  in  volumes.  We  are  pleased  to  state  that 
the  series  will  be  continued  in  this  Journal,  and  that  the  venerable  auilior.  when  he 
shall  have  completed  his  remftrks  on  tlie  liistory,  principles,  practice  ind  duties  of 
.government,  will  devote  his  pen  to  the  history  and  antiquities  of  ourstntc  and  na- 
tion. We  feel  a  lively  interest  in  tiiis,  as  no  man  living  in  New-Engl.ind  has 
probably  so  rich  a  collection  of  books,  documents  and  papers  relating  to  tliis  coun- 
try— or  is  more  competent  to  embody  them  iu  the  most  interesting  form  of  history.] 


3 1 2  Essays  of  Cincinnatus. 

ments.  In  some  of  the  states,  as  in  New-Hampshire,  in  making 
appointments  to  particular  offices,  and  in  completing  elections 
which  the  people  do  not  make,  the  two  houses  meet  in  convention, 
and  make  the  appointments  and  elections  by  joint  ballot ;  in  these, 
the  votes  of  the  senate  are  lost  in  the  house. 

To  enjoy  all  the  benefits  which  were  intended  and  naturally 
would  result  from  a  legislature  consisting  of  two  houses,  it  is  ne- 
cessary that  they  should, to  a  certain  degree,be  actually  independent 
of  each  other.  But  their  independence  will  be  impaired  when- 
ever the  election  of  the  members  of  one  house  depends  upon  the 
suffrages  of  the  other.  The  members  of  the  house  of  repre- 
sentatives of  the  national  legislature  are  elected  by  the  people, 
and  the  senators  by  the  respective  state  legislatures  ;  and  there- 
fore the  members  of  neither  of  those  houses  can  ever  be  indebt- 
ed to  the  votes  of  the  other  for  their  choice.  In  New-Hampshire,  j 
the  representatives  to  the  State  legislature  are  elected  in  small, 
and  the  senators  in  large  districts  by  the  people  ;  but  in  those 
districts  where  the  people  make  no  choice,  the  senators  elected 
meet  with  the  house,  and  by  joint  ballot  elect  one  of  the  two 
highest  candidates.  It  is  the  votes  of  the  members  of  the  house, 
and  not  of  the  senate,  that  make  the  election :  for  the  former,  on 
such  occasions,  are  usually  more  than  twenty  times  as  numerous 
as  the  latter.  In  this  State  these  elections  have  frequently  oc- 
curred. In  the  last  thirty-nine  years,  there  were  only  five  years 
in  which  all  the  senators  were  elected  by  the  people  ;  but  in  two 
years,  two  thirds,  and  in  six  other  years,more  than  half,  and  during 
the  thirty-nine  years,more  than  one  fourth  of  all  the  senators  were 
elected  by  the  votes  of  the  representatives.  Such  a  mode  of  elect- 
ing senators  appears  to  me  improper  ;  but  it  must  continue  until 
our  constitution  is  revised.  It  would  be  better,  either  that  the 
candidate  who  has  the  highest  number  of  votes  by  the  people 
should  be  declared  elected,  or  that  the  senators,  who  should  be 
elected  by  a  majority  of  votes  should  meet  and  elect  one  of  the 
two  highest  candidates  in  those  districts  in  which  there  was  no 
choice.  But  the  House  ought  not  in  any  case  whatever  to  pos- 
sess authority  to  elect  a  senator  for  the  State  legislature. 

It  is  a  question  of  importance,  to  fix  the  number  which  is  most 
proper  to  constitute  a  legislative  body  ;  but  it  is  difficult,  if  not 
impracticable,  to  determine  with  precision  how  many  make  that 
number.  If  a  certain  number  be  named,  the  same  reason  will 
equally  justify  a  few  more  or  a  few  less.  I  know  the  termsyew 
and  many  are  not  definite,  but  comparative,  and  so  are  any  other 
when  applied  to  this  subject,  unless  the  precise  numbers  which 
actually  constitute  the  many  and  the  few  are  stated.  But  the 
terms  many  and  few,  or  large  and  small,  appear  well  adapted  to 
the  subject :  for  the  number  of  members  that  would  form  a  large 
legislature  in  one  State  would  in  fact  be  too  small  for  that  of 
another.  This  will  appear  obvious  by  comparing  the  population 
and  wealth  of  New-York  with  that  of  Illinois.  The  numbers 
that  would  be  too  numerous   for  Illinois  would  be  too  few  for 


Essays  of  Cincinnatus.  813 

New-York.  The  one  has  a  populati'^n  of  naore  than  one  million 
three  hundred  and  sevenly-two  thousand,  the  other  less  than  fifty- 
ix  thousand.  The  objections  against  a  legislature  composed  of 
either  too  many  or  too  few  members,  appear  unanswerable.  Pub- 
lic interest  requires  that  both  extremes  should  be  avoided. 

The  evils  which  result  from  a  numerous  legislative  body  are 
many — they  proceed  from  the  want  of  deliberation,  despatch, and 
responsibility.  "In  all  very  numerous  assemblies,"  says  Mr. 
IMadison,  "of  whatever  characters  composed,  passion  never  fails 
to  wrest  the  sceptre  from  reason.  Had  every  Athenian  citizen 
been  a  Socrates  ;  every  Athenian  assembly  would  still  have  been 
a  mob.  In  all  legislative  assemblies,  the  greater  the  number 
composing  them  may  be,  they«iiye?-  will  be  the  men  who  will  in 
fact  direct  their  proceedings.  In  the  first  place,  the  more  nu- 
merous any  assembly  may  be,  of  whatever  characters  composed, 
the  greater  is  known  to  be  the  ascendancy  of  passion  over  rea- 
son. In  the  next  place,  the  larger  the  number,  the  greater  will 
be  the  proportion  of  members  of  limited  information  and  of 
weak  capacities.  Now  it  is  precisely  on  characters  of  this  de- 
scription, that  the  eloquence  and  address  of  the  few  are  known 
to  act  with  all  their  force.  In  the  ancient  republics,  where  the 
whole  body  of  the  people  assembled  in  person,  a  single  orator,  or 
an  artful  statesman,  was  generally  seen  to  rule  with  as  complete 
a  sway,  as  if  the  sceptre  had  been  placed  in  his  single  hands. 
On  the  same  principle,  the  more  multitudinous  a  representative 
assembly  may  be  rendered,  the  more  it  will  partake  of  the  in- 
firmities incident  to  collective  meetings  of  the  people.  Igno- 
rance will  be  the  dupe  of  cunning ;  and  passion  the  slave  of 
sophistry  and  declamation.  The  people  can  never  err  more 
than  in  supposing,  that  by  multiplying  their  representatives  be- 
yond a  certain  limit,  they  strengthen  the  barrier  against  the  gov 
ernment  of  a  few.  Experience  will  often  admonish  them,  that, 
on  the  contrary,  after  securing  a  sujflcient  number  for  the  purposes 
of  safety,  of  local  information,  and  of  diffusive  sympathy  with  the 
whole  society,  they  will  counteract  their  own  views,  by  every  ad- 
dition to  their  representatives.  The  countenance  of  the  gov- 
ernment may  be  more  democratic  :  but  the  soul  that  animates  it, 
will  be  more  oligarchic.  The  machine  will  be  enlarged,  but 
the  fewer,  and  often  the  more  secret,  will  be  the  springs  by 
which  its  motions  are  directed." 

Experience  has  shewn  that  a  large  assembly  cannot  be  a  delib- 
erate assembly,  but  must  be  subject  to  all  the  fluctuations  of  a 
popular  assembly.  When  a  legislative  body  is  very  numerous, 
any  man  is  thought  fit  to  be  a  member  of  it,  and  no  one  feels  re- 
sponsible for  its  proceedings.  In  such  an  assembly,  many  of  its 
members  will  necessarily  be  men  of  feeble  intellects  and  grossly 
ignorant  of  the  subjects  on  which  they  are  required  to  act.  Such 
men,  neither  in  private  or  public  life,  can  ever  have  influence 
upon  public  opinion — a  quality  requisite  to  constitute  us«fui 
40 


314  Essays  of  Cincinnatus. 

legislators ;  and  what  is  perhaps,  more  injurious,  they  will  ia  J 
general  implicitly  submit  to  the  will  of  artful  ambitious  leaders, 
who,  to  serve  themselves,  sacrifice  the  interest  of  the  public,  ij 
is  neither  prudent  nor  safe  to  authorize  men  to  act  as  public  agents 
who  are  not  responsible  for  their  actions.  And  it  would  be  su- 
perfluous to  prove  that  the  members  of  a  numerous  assembly  do 
not  feel  responsible  for  their  proceedings  :  for  the  conduct  of 
such  assemblies  affords  such  plenary  evidence  of  the  fact,  that  no; 
well  informed  men  can  deny  it. 

But, "  in  a  small  bod}'^,"  as  a  recent  writer  observes,  "  everj; 
member  is  watched  by  his  constituents — and  the  smaller  the  bo- 
dy,the  higher  are  the  qualifications  for  the  member,and  the  great- 
er is  the  responsibility  he  feels."  The  number,  however,  should 
not  be  so  small  as  to  endanger  the  public  safety,  exclude  the  ne- 
cessary local  information,  or  a  knowledge  of  the  interests  ana 
feelings  of  the  people  ;  nor  so  numerous  as  to  prevent  each  mem- 
ber, when  he  considers  it  proper,  to  express  his  opinion  upon  ev-^ 
ery  subject  on  which  he  should  be  required  to  act. 

The  first  house  of  representatives  in  Congress  that  met  undei 
the  constitution  of  the  United  States  contained  only  sixty-five 
members  ;  but  the  next  house,  including  three  delegates  froi 
the  territories,  will  consist  of  two  hundred  and  sixteen,  being  ai 
increase  of  one  hundred  fifty  one  members — ^more  than  thre< 
times  as  many  as  there  were  thirty  four  years  since.  This  ia 
crease  is  much  too  great  for  the  time  ;  should  it  continue  to  in^ 
crease  at  the  same  rate  for  thirty  or  forty  years  U  come,  thfi 
house  will  then  be  too  numerous  to  legislate  for  the  nation,  h 
is  the  opinion  of  a  well  informed  gentleman,  who  has  devote< 
much  time  to  the  consideration  of  this  subject.  That  the  house  oj 
representatives  in  Cong>-ess  ought  not  now,  considering  our  preset 
population  to  exceed  one  hundred  and  fifty  members — that  when  om 
population^  shall  be  doubled^  it  should  consist  of  two  hundred.,  aru 
when  trebled^  and  ever  after,  not  more  than  two  hundred  and  fifty' 
members  ;  and  that  a  larger  number  cannot  act  with  uniform  wisdom 
and  energy. 

Let  those  who  advocate  a  numerous  representation  in  Con- 
gress, contrast  the  business  and  proceedings  of  the  two  first  with 
the  two  last  Congresses,  and  I  think  they  will  find  cause  to  change 
their  opinion.  The  first  and  second  Congresses  who  met  under 
our  constitution  had  more  necessary,  important,  and  difficult  busi- 
ness to  perform  than  all  the  Congresses  that  have  since  assem- 
bled. On  the  two  first  houses  devolved  the  task  of  making  ar- 
rangements for  the  organization  of  the  national  government; 
providing  establishments  for  the  judiciary  and  the  various  de- 
partments of  the  government — the  army,  navy  and  mint  ;  estab- 
lishing a  system  to  raise  revenue  for  the  support  of  the  govern- 
ment :  the  support  of  public  credit,  paying  the  national  debt, 
and  other  subjects  incidental  to  the  formation  of  a  new  govern- 
ment. The  difficulty  of  doing  this  was  great,  not  only  on  ac- 
count of  the  work  being  new,  but  that   difficulty  was   enhanced 


Literary  Notices,  316 

bj'  the  peculiar  embarrassments  in  which  tlie  nation  was  tlien 
involved.  Though  the  members  were  then  few  in  number  and 
the  business  difficult  and  important,  they  performed  their  duty 
with  despatch  and  propriety  ;  and  the  laws  they  £nacted  were 
not  less  remarkable  for  the  soundness  of  their  principles,  than 
for  their  simplicity  and  perspicuity.  Members  did  not  then  make 
long  speeches,  either  for  the  gallery  or  for  newspapers — they 
expressed  their  opinions  and  views  of  the  various  subjects  on 
which  they  were  required  to  act,  freely,  but  concisely.  They 
were  more  characterized  for  deliberation  and  voting,  than  for 
much  talking.  The  members  of  the  two  last  Congresses,  being 
much  more  numerous,  reversed  the  course  of  proceeding,  and 
have  spent  more  time  in  debate  than  in  deliberation  and  action; 
and  the  laws  they  have  enacted  are  not  only  less  important,  but 
the  principles  of  some  of  them,  to  say  the  least,  are  questionable, 
and  their  meaning  doubtful  and  uncertain. 

The  probability  is  that  the  representatives  in  the  national  leg- 
i?;lature  will,  in  future,  be  too  numerous.  The  increase  of  pop- 
ulation in  some  of  the  States  will  necessarily  be  much  less  than 
in  others,  and  if  the  number  to  entitle  a  State  to  more  represen- 
tatives than  one,  is  raised,  they  will  have  a  smaller  number  of 
representatives  than  they  now  have  ;  this  circumstance  may  not 
only  affect  the  re-election  of  some  of  the  members,  but  excite 
jSfa<e/>Ht/e  against  a  higher  ratio.  And  to  this  we  may  add,  that 
sectional  interests,party  views,  and  considerations  connected  with 
the  presidential  election,  have  already  had,  and  probably  always 
will  have,  too  much  influence  upon  this  subject.  But  the  general 
interest  of  the  nation,  not  that  of  a  particular  section  of  the 
country.  State,  or  party,  or  presidential  election,  should  govern 
Congress  in  determining  the  number  of  which  the  house  should 
consist. 

September  15,  1823.  CINCINNATUS. 


JLittvavn  ^oiitt^,  $ct. 


Tytler's  Elements  of  History — Isaac  Hill,  Esq.  Con- 
cord, has  just  published  an  edition  of  '^  Elements  of  General 
History,  ancient  and  modern.  By  Alexander  Fraser  Tyiler, 
F.  R.  S.  E.  Professor  of  History  in  the  University  of  Edin- 
burgh. With  a  continuation,  terminating  at  the  de7nise  of  King 
George  HI.,  1820.  By  Rev.  Edward  JVares,  D.  D.  Professor 
of  Modern  History  in  the  University  of  Oxford.  To  ivhich 
are  added  a  succinct  History  of  the  United  States  :  an  improved 
Table  of  Chronology  ;  a  comparative  view  of  Ancient  and  Modern 
Geography,  and  Questions  on  each  section.  Adapted  for  the  use 
of  Schools  and  Academies.     By  an  experienced  Teacher.^^ 


316  Literary  J^otices* 

Of  this  History,  it  might  perhaps  be  sufficient  to  say,  that 
it  is  used  in  our  colleges,  and  is  deemed  a  standard  work  inj 
most  established  literary  seminaries.     It  is  written  in  chaste^ 
and  elegant  language,  fitted  at  once  to  interest  the  fancy  and  I 
improve  the  mind  of  the  scholar.     The  present  edition,  withj 
the  improvements  and  Continuation,  is  believed  to  be  cl(cid- 
edly  supprior   to  any  edition   which  ever  preceded  it.     So] 
much  information,  in  so  small  a  space,  and  at  so  small  ex^J 
pense,   cannot  be  found  in  any  other  book  of  the  kind  :  ii 
England,  the  historical  part  ot  this  edition  alone  is  publishec 
in  three  volumes,  at  an  expense  little  short  of  twelve  dollars.1 
— Speaking  of  this  work,  a  literary  gentleman,  who  has  ex- 
amined the  pages  critically,  as  \vv\l  of  Tytlcr's  as  of  iVares' 
work,    and    the   improvements,   remarks :  "  The  whole,  as 
such,  is  better  calculated  for  schools  than  any  other  histori- 
cal work  with  which  I  am  acquainted.     It  is  a  system  of  the 
Elements  of  History  ;  whereas  there  is  nothing  of  system  inJ 
the  works  mostly  used."    To  a  part  of  this  edition,  the  Ques- 
tions are  added.     These  Questions  are,  however,  printed  in* 
a  separate  pamphlet,  and  will  accompany  the  volume,  and  be 
for  sale  at  the  bookstores. 

The  3d  volume  of  the  Biography  of  the  Signers  of  the  De- 
claration of  Independence^  by  Mr.  Wain,  of  Philadelphia, 
has  jusi  made  its  appearance.  It  contains  the  lives  of  Ed- 
ward Rutledge,  Lyman  Hall,  Oliver  Wolcott,  Richard  Stock- 
ton, Button  Gwinnett,  Josiah  Bartlett,*  Philip  Livingston, 
and  Roger  Sherman. 

Singular  Publication. — A  very  neatly  printed  book  of  220 
pages  octavo,  has  recently  issued  from  the  press  in  Boston, 
entitled  "  Correspondence  between  the  Hon.  John  Adams, 
late  president  of  the  United  States,  and  the  late  Wm.  Cun- 
ningham, Esq.  beginning  in  1803,  and  ending  in  1812.  P%ih- 
lished  by  Ephraim  M,  Cunningham,  son  of  the  late  Wm.  Cun- 
ningham, Esq.''''  We  have  rend  the  book  with  feelings  of 
deep  ree;ret — not  on  account  of  its  ostensible  object,  which 
is  idle  and  very  harmless — but  on  account  of  its  effects  :  for 
any  one  may  perceive  this  to  be  a  signal  for  ransacking  the 
bureaus  of  other  distingui>hed  individuals,  and  exposing  to 
th''  world  the  foibles,  the  party  or  personal  feuds  and  quar- 
rels— public  and  private,  honorable  or  dishonorable, — of  the 
unfortunate  men  who,  now  are,  or  may  hereafter  be.  candi- 
dates for  the  highest  offices  of  the  country.  It  is  degrading 
to  our  national  and  moral  character,  and  will  prove  a  sweet 
morsel  in  mouth   of  the  calumniators  ol  our  country,  that 

*  The   biography  of  Dr.  Bartlett  is  nearly  the  same  published  in  the  Collec- 
tions for  1822— page  141. 


Literary  J^otices,  31 7 

I  such  unworthy  means  are  resorted  to  for  political  purposes. 
This  corrxspondence  was  commenced  in  1803,  at  the  desire 
of  Mr.  Cunningham,  who  was  a  distant  relative  of  Mr.  Ad- 
ams, and  was  continued  on  the  part  of  the  latter,  under  the 
itiictest  injunctions  of  confidence  and  secrecy.  The  strong- 
est possible  assurances  were  given  by  C'unningham  of  bis 
h(Mior  and  inviolable  integrity.  Mr.  Cunnine;liani  dies. — 
''  The  seal  of  secrecy  (says  his  unblushing  son)  is  removed  by 
the  triumph  of  death''''  !  !  And  has  the  son  no  regard  to  his 
father's  plighted  faiih  ?  Will  he  "  siand  a  trumpeter  on  his 
father's  tomb,  to  reveal  his  buried  secrets  !"  Public  virtue 
and  decency  are  shocked  at  this  outrage  upon  every  good 
principle  ;  and  the  indiscreet  young  man  must  reap  in  bit- 
terness of  the  fruit  l\e  has  sown.  The  letters  themselves 
are  of  no  particular  interest,  and  develope  nothing  new,  ci- 
ther in  a  historical,  political  or  moral  point  of  view.  They 
were  written  with  great  freedom,  as  confidential  letters  usual- 
ly are,  and  without  the  most  distant  appreheosion  of  their 
future  exposure  to  the  world. 


FOR    THE    LITERARY    JOURNAL. 


Reply  to   the  "  Strictures  on  a   Review  of  the  New-Hampshire 

Agricultural  Repository,   No.  /,"  ni  Historical  CoUeciions^ 

No.  8,  page  249. 

It  is  painful  to  us  to  become  a  party  to  a  literary  contro- 
versy, and  we  feel  an  utter  repugnance  at  makmg  the  pagfs 
of  this  Journal,  devoted  as  they  are  to  more  important  ob- 
jects, the  field  of  literary  warfare  ;  but  we  are  induced  to 
offer  a  brief  reply  to  the  "  Strictures"  because  they  exhibit 
an  uncommon  degree  of  sophistry  ;  and  their  author  ap- 
pears extremely  sensitive  on  st>me  points,  and  discovers  an 
intemperance  of  feeling,  which  those  who  do  not  writhe  nn- 
der  the  lash  o{  just  criticism,  seldom  exhibit.  We  are  hap- 
py to  coincide  with  the  opinion  of  the  writer  that  "  one  who 
reviews  publications  assumes  ground  somewhat  elevated  ;" 
and  it  is  no  less  true,  that  he  who  reviews  a  review  assumes 
a  still  more  elevated  station,  and  should  not  descend  to  paliiy 
puns  or  to  personal  abuse. 

We  are  charged  in  the  "  Strictures"  with  hostility  to  the 
Board  of  Agriculture,  because  we  reviewed  their  first  pub- 
lic efforts  "  at  this  juncture  ;"  now,  the  person  who  has  read 
the  remarks  on  pages  183,  and  188,  in  the  Review,  and  then 
accuses  us  of  being  hostile  to  the  existence  of  the  Doard," 
is  either  incapable  of  understanding  the  English  language, 


318  Literary  Notices, 

or  is  2;uilty  of  wilful  misrepresentation  ;  in  the  one  case,  it 
would  be  useless  to  make  a  reply ;  and  in  the  other  we 
should  not  condescend  to  do  it. 

We  reviewed  the  N,  H.  Agricultural  Repository  on  spe- 
cial request  ;  and  if  any  criticisms  were  ever  to  be  ofFered,] 
they  should  have  been  oifcrcd    precisely  at  the  "  juncture"! 
at  which  they  r^ppeared,  and  at  no   other  time.      It   would 
have  been  unpardonable  to  have  suffered  the  first  produc- 
tion of  the  Board  to  pass  without  respectful  and  impartial  no- 
tice ;  it  would  have  been  "  very  injudicious"'  to   have  suf-  1 
fered  crude  speculations  to  go  forth  into  the  world  in  con-  % 
nection  with  valuable  yac/^,  without  attempting  to  separate    ,i 
the  gold  from  the  dross  ;  it  would  have  been  "  very   injudi-    ■', 
cious"  to  have  suffered  the  book  to  pass  without  expressing    j 
a  regret  that  the  public  in  purchasing  a   work  on  "  Agricul-    | 
ture,"  should  be  made  to  pay,  and  so  dearly  loo,  for  papers 
having  no  connection  with  that  subject,   either  as  an   art,  or 
science  ;  and  it  would  have  been  "  very  injudicious"  to  have 
passed  by  in  silence,  any  reasoning  founded   on  exploded 
theories,  or  fanciful  hj^pothrses. 

The  writer  of  the  "  Strictures"  is  extremely  sensitive  on 
the  subject  of  Mr.  Moore's  addi-ess ;  he  remarks  that  "wheth- 
er the  author  of  the  address  treated  a  common  topic  in  a 
very  common  manner,  whether  it  is  well  enough  in  its  place, 
and  ought  to  be  fiound  by  itself,  are  questions  of  no  impor- 
tance In  this  place ;"  yet  the  whole  tenor  of  his  remarks  on 
this  part  of  our  review,  decidedly  contradicts  his  assertion, 
and  plainly  proves  that  he  does  consider  these  questions  of 
great  importance.  To  assert  that  we  objected  to  the  ad- 
dress because  it  "  contains  moral  and  religious  information," 
is  a  charge  of  no  ordinary  magnitude,  and  is  as  palpable  a 
falsehood  as  ever  was  uttered.  The  pl:'in  truth  is  that  we  did 
not  think  that  it  contained  any  information  whatever  ;  nor 
do  we  believe  that  its  author  supposes  it  to  be  replete  with 
new  ideas.  We  certainly  considered  the  address  as  very 
much  out  of  place  in  the  N.  H.  Agricultural  Repository  ;  , 
we  regretted  to  see  it  there,  and  we  regret  it  now  more  than 
ever,  for  we  have  been  severely  censured  for  not  criticising 
the  address  itself,  and  our  only  excuse  was,  that  we  were 
requested  to  review  the  agricultural  papers,  and  we  did  not 
think  that  the  "  address"  could  be  included  in  that  class,  and 
did  not  wish  to  criticise  moral  essays  or  doctrinal  sermons. 
We  regret  deeply,  very  deeply,  the  publication  of  this  ad- 
dress in  the  Repository,  because  it  has  done  more  injury  to 
the  Board  than  the  united  efforts  of  its  enemies  ;  it  is  the 
Jonah  which  has  brought  the  Board  into  their  present  situa- 
tion ;  the  public  have  lost  their  confidence  in  the  Board,  and 


Literary  J^otkes>  319 

the  author  of  the  "  Strictures"  feels  it—"  hinc  illne   lachry- 
mse." 

So  much  has  been  said  in  the  "  Strictures"  on  the  subject 
of  this  address,  that  we  ventu'c  to  suggest,  and  we  presume 
we  come  very  near  the  truth,  when  wc  surmise  that  the  ad- 
dress was  first  ushered  into  the  world  ys  a  sermon  ;  next  as 
an  address  before  the  County  Society,  lastly  printed  t  the 
expense  of  the  State!!  Perhaps  it  hus  be  n  tkr  ice  p.ud  i'.-'r; 
we  know  that  it  has  been  once  paid  for;  we  dismiss  it  with 
the  single  remark,  that  we  consider  it  '■'■  brassica  bi?  cocia,"  a 
cabbage  twice  boiled.  We  fully  accord  with  the  author  of 
the  "  Strictures"  that ''the  art  of  agriculture  has  a  moral 
and  religious  inPuenc  •  on  society,"  and  we  do  not  believe, 
therefore,  that  the  public  will  "  hire"  the  Board,  to  "make 
moral  and  religious  reflections  from  their  subject"  for  the 
benefit  of  the  community.  The  Hoard  was  instituted  for  the 
express  purpose  of  promoting  Agriculture,  and  Domestic 
Manufactures,  and  if  ih^y  "  venture  to  rise  above  the  ground 
to  draw  the  attention  of  pjeople  to  objects  more  elevated,"  we 
assert  that  they  are  not  discharging  their  duty ;  and  that  any 
attempt  to  rise  above  their  business,  is  a  gross  breach  of 
trust  and  abuse  of  public  confidence.  They  may  next  pub- 
lish the  speculations  of  Gall  and  S}»urzheim,  on  the  situation 
of  the  organ  of  agriculture  in  the  brain  ;  or  perhaps  the  re- 
port of  a  law  case,  in  which  a  rake  or  a  dung-fork  was  the 
subject  of  litigation;  to  borrow  the  language  of  the  writer 
of  the  Strictures  "  there  is  as  much  (not  the  same)  affinity 
between  agriculture"  and  these  subjects,  as  between  "  the 
address"  and  agriculture,  and  they  should  on  the  same  prin- 
ciples be  published  by  the  Stale  of  New-Hampshire  in  the  Re- 
pository. 

We  thank  the  Editors  of  his  Journal  for  taking  the  trouble 
to  answer  the  "ipse  dixit"  respecting  the  word  "progressed;" 
and  we  have  been  entertained  with  the  grave  defence  of  the 
use  of  the  word  "  illy,"  introduced,  we  are  told,  "  because 
it  gives gjYCJ/er  ease  in  pronouncing  a  sentence  of  which  it  is 
a  part,  and  adds" — what  ? — why  "  adds  much  to  euphony  in 
reading"!!  We  did  not  know  before  this,  that  euphony 
means  a  harsh,  discordant  sound  ;  but  if  this  be  the  true  im- 
port of  the  word, we  fully  accord  with  the  author  of  the  "Stric- 
tures" that  "?7/?/"  "adds  nmch  to  euphony  in  reading" — Il- 
ly ! — the  sounds  heard  by  Hogarth's  enraged  musician  are 
melody  to  this  word  ;  the  screech  owl's  note  is  music  to  it. 
We  are  told  that  "  illy"  "  is  a  legitimate  derivation  from  ill  ;" 
so  is  "  welly"  from  well ;  yet,  notwithstanding  the  correct- 
ness of  the  observation,  we  should  not  say  that  some 
papers  in  the  Repository  were  "if£%"  written,  and  that  the 


320  Literary  Notices. 

remarks  in  the  Strictures  "  illif  become  him  whose  object  is 
truth. 

The  remarks  which   immediately   follow  these  observa- 
tions on  philology,  have  been  a  source  of  great    amusement 
to  us  ;  we  have  been  delighted  with  the  puns,  and  Jlashes  of 
wit,  which  the  Strictures  occasionally  exhibit,  but  with  none 
more  thin  that  which  here   occurs.     We  sometimes  notice 
"  a  pestilent  hankering  after  puns"  in  some  writers,  which  it 
is  paintul  to  witness  ;   but  in  the  Strictures  is  found  the    true '' 
electric  fire  of  wit,  which  thrills  through  the  whole  soul,  and 
convulses  us  with  laughter ;  we  cannot   but  thank  the    inge-^ 
nious  author  of  the  "  Strictures"  for   the  distressingly  pain- 
ful pleasure,  arising  from  laughter,    which  he   has   afforded 
us.     One  ought  not  be  too  lavish  of  such  rare  talents  at  wit  ;  '■ 
one  ought  not  to — but  we  must  not  compliment   too  highly  ; 
for  in  the  language  of  Pope,  we  have 

*'  No  wit  to  flatter,  left  of  all  our  sfore, 
No  fool  to  laugh  at,  which  we  value  more." 

We  are  peculiarly  happy  in  the  reflection  that  our  opin- 
ions as  expressed  in  the  Review,  coincide  with  the  opinions 
of  more  than  nine  tenths  of  those  who  have  read  the  book. 
It  is  unnecessary  to  add  to  our  remarks  respecting  the  essay 
on  manures  ;  any  boarding  school  Miss  who  has  read  the 
Conversations  on  Chymistry,  can  attest  to  the  truth  of  our 
positions  ;  we  remind  the  writer  that  it  is  too  late  in  the  day 
to  oppose  "  high  authorities"  to  facts  ;  any  person  who 
reads  this  part  of  the  "  Strictures"  will  besa'isfied  that  their 
author  has  not  only  "multiplied  words  without  knowledge," 
but  is  also  totally  ignorant  of  the  just  logic  of  philosophy. 

The  last  charge  against  us  is,  "  the  atrocious  crime  of  be- 
ing a  young  man."  This  attempt  to  parry  the  force  of  our 
remarks  by  casting  a  sarcasm  on  their  supposed  author— this 
mode  of  replying  to  our  observations,  is  not  only  utterly  con- 
temptible in  itself,  but  is  descending  to  personal  consider- 
ations totally  unworthy  an  ingenuous  mind,  and  is  a  subter- 
fuge which  perfectly  evades  fair  argument.  The  very  last 
sentence  in  the  "  Sirictures"  is  totally  beyond  our  poor  com- 
prehension :  we  regret  that  the  author  has  prostituted  the 
language  of  inspiration  to  such  purposes  ;  we  regret  that  he 
resorts  to  the  Scriptures  for  phrases  in  which  to  clothe  his 
peevish  passions.  We  now  bid  him  a  final  adieu,  and  leave 
him  to  his  commas,  and  colons.  Q. 

Amnst  17,  1823. 

[Note. — The  preceding  article  was  received  in  season  for  the  last  No.,  but  ne- 
cessarilv  deferred.  We  merely  ol)serve,  that  no  article  of  a  controversial  or  per- 
sonal nature  will  hereafter  be  admitted  in  the  Journal.  It  was  our  original  design 
to  keep  clear  of  the  quicksands  of  party  or  persona!  enmities ;  and  we  legret  that 
anything  heretofore  published,  has  bome  that  complexion.— Ed.] 


NOVEMBER,  1823. 

IJ^jstorp  antJ  STo^JOfirapIis. 
HISTORICAL  SKETCH  OF  EPSOM,  N.  H. 

BV    REV.    JONATHAN    CURTIS,    A.  M. 

Situation.] — EPSOM,  a  post-town  in  the  county  of  Mer- 
rimack, in  laitude  43o  12'  north,  lies  12  miles  E.  I'rora  Con- 
cord, it  is  bounded  N.  by  Pittsficld,  S.  by  AUenstown,  E. 
by  Deerficld  and  Northwood,  and  W.  by  Chichester  and 
Pembroke.  The  town  is  6  miles  long,  and  4  1-2  broad. — 
It  derives  its  name  from  a  market  town  in  the  county  of 
Surry,  England,  about  16  miles  from  London. 

Incorporation.] — Epsom  was  granted  to  Theodore  Atkin- 
son and  others,  inhabitants  of  Ncw-Castlc,  Rye,  and  Green- 
land, on  the  1 8th  of  May,  1 727.  Theodore  Atkinson,  Joshua 
Frost,  and  Capt.  Samuel  Weeks  were  authorized  by  the 
charter  to  call  the  first  meeting  of  the  proprietors,  Avhich  was 
holden  at  the  ferry-house  in  New-Castle,  Nov.  20,  1727.  No 
meeting  was  holdon  in  the  town  for  the  choice  of  town 
officers,  &c.  till  1743.  Previous  to  this  time,  and  after- 
wards, till  1750,  the  concerns  of  the  town  were  transacted 
by  the  proprietors  at  their  meetings  holden  at  New-Castle 
and  Portsmouth. 

Settlement.] — There  are  no  records  to  be  found,  which 
show  the  precise  time  when  the  first  settlement  was  com- 
menced. But  it  nppears  from  various  facts,  that  there  was 
a  number  of  families  in  town  a  considerable  time  before  its 
incorporation. 

Among  the  first,  who  began  settlements  in  the  town,  were 
Charles  M'Coy  from  Londonderry  ;  Williim  Blazo,  a 
Frenchman  ;  Andrew  M'CIary,  grandfather  of  Gen.  Michael 
M'Clary,  from  Londonderry  in  Ireland  ;  one  Whitaker,  and 
Samuel  Blake,  generally  called  Sergeant  Blake. 

INPCoy  built  a    house  on    the  north   side  of  what  is    now 
called  Sanborn's  hill ;  and  thence  extended  his  fiirm  by  spot- 
ting the  trees  round  upon  the  mountain,  which  will  probably 
41 


322  Historical  Sketch  of  Epsom. 

always  bear  his  name.  A  daughter  of  his,  Mrs.  Wood  and 
the  first  child  born  in  the  town,  is  still  living.  She  is  now* 
as  nearly  as  can  be  ascertained,  in  her  93d  year.  Sergeant 
Blake  commenced  a  settlement  not  far  from  McCoy's,  on 
land  now  owned  by  one  of  his  sons.  He  came  into  town  at 
th*:*  age  of  fifteen,  several  years  alter  w  hich  time,  his  father, 
Lieut.  Blake,  also  moved  in.  For  some  time  after  Sergeant 
Blake  came,  locations  for  the  best  farms  might  be  obtained 
for  little  more  than  paying  for  the  labor  of  spotting  the  trees 
round  them.  When  he  made  his  purchase,  he  obtained  con- 
siderably more  than  the  farm  now  owned  by  Mr.  Samuel 
Blake,  (probably  more  than  100  acres  and  near  the  centre 
of  the  town,)  foi- ten  shillings,  and  turned  in  his  jack-knife  for 
one  shilling  of  that  sum.  I'he  only  place  he  had  for  baking, 
for  several  years,  was  an  oven  built  upon  a  flat  rock,  which 
till  lately  lay  bj^  the  road  near  Mr.  Isaac  Towle's  barn;  l)ut 
is  now  split  and  hammered,  and  forms  part  of  the  underpin- 
ning of  the  dwelling  house  of  Samuel  Peabody,  Esq. 

Incursions  of  the  Indians.J-Iu  the  earl}"  days  of  the  town, 
the  inhabitants  were  kept  in  a  state  of  almost  continual  alarm 
by  the  incursions  of  the  Indians.  For  a  considerable  time 
after  the  settlement  was  commenced,  only  the  men  ventured 
to  remain  in  the  place  during  the  summer  season  ;  and  then 
they  must  keep  their  arms  by  them,  while  they  labored  on 
their  lands.  During  the  winter,  there  was  much  less  danger 
from  the  Indians.  Even  long  after  the  men  had  removed 
their  families  into  the  place,  so  feeble  was  their  defence 
against  the  attacks  of  theii  savage  neighbors,  that,  whenever 
any  immediate  danger  was  ap{)rehended,  they  either  sent 
their  families  away,  or  fled  with  them  to  the  garrison  at  Not- 
tingham. At  length  a  house  was  erected  by  Capl.  Andrew 
McClary  within  the  limits  of  the  town,  and  near  the  present 
residence  of  Mr.  Joseph  Lawrence,  which  was  made  proof 
against  the  assaidls  of  the  Indians,  being  surrounded  by  a 
high  wooden  wall,  entered  by  a  heavy,  well  secured  gate. 
Thither  the  inhabitants  fled  at  night,  whenever  danger  was 
apprehended. 

Captivity  of  Mrs.  McCoy.] — The  Indians  were  first  at- 
tracted to  the  Dcw  settlements  in  the  town  by  discovering 
McCoy  at  Suncook,  now  Pembroke.  This,  as  nearly  as  can 
be  ascertained,  was  in  the  year  1747.  Reports  were  spread 
of  the  depredations  of  the  Indians  in  various  places;  and 
McCoy  h  id  heard  that  they  had  been  seen  lurking  about  the 
Avoods  at  Penacook,  now  Concord.  He  went  as  far  as  Pem- 
broke ;  ascertained  that  they  were  in  the  vicinity  ;  was  some- 
where discovered  by  them,  and  followed  home.     They  told 


Historical  Sketch  of  Epsom.  323 

lis  wife,  whom  they  afterwards  made  prisoner,  that  they 
ookcd  through  cracks  around  the  house,  and  saw  what  they 
lad  for  supper  that  night.  They  however  did  not  discover 
ihemsclves  till  the  second  day  after.  They  probably 
(.vished  to  take  a  little  time  to  learn  the  strength  and  prepar- 
ation of  the  inhabitants.  The  next  day,  Mrs.  McCoy,  al- 
. ended  by  their  two  dogs,  went  down  to  see  if  any  ot  ihe 
ither  families  had  returned  from  the  garrison.  She  found 
10  one.  On  her  return,  as  she  was  passing  the  block-house, 
which  stood  near  the  present  site  of  the  meeting  house,  the 
dogs,  which  had  passed  round  it,  came  running  bnck  growl- 
ing and  very  much  excited.  Their  appearance  induced  her 
to  make  the  best  of  her  way  home.  The  Indians  afterwards 
told  her  that  they  then  lay  concealed  there,  and  saw  the 
dogs,  when  they  came  round. 

McCoy,  being  now  strongly  suspicious  that  the  Indians 
were  actually  in  the  town,  dotermincd  to  set  off  the  next  day 
with  his  family  for  the  garrison  at  Nottingham.  His  family 
now  consisted  of  himself,  his  wife,  and  son  John.  The 
younger  children  were  still  at  the  garrison.  They  accord- 
lingly  securefl  their  house  as  well  as  they  could,  and  all  set 
off  next  morning; — McCoy  and  his  son  with  their  guns, 
though  without  am  riinition,  having  fired  away  what  they 
brought  with  them  in  hunting. 

As  they  were  travelling  a  little  distance  east  of  the  place 
•where  the  meeting  house  now  stands,  Mrs.  McCoy  fell  a  lit- 
tle in  the  rear  of  the  Others.  This  circumstance  gave  the 
Indians  a  favorable  opportunity,  for  separating  her  from  her 
husband  and  son.  The  Indians,  three  men  and  a  boy,  lay 
in  ambush  near  the  foot  of  Mardrn's  hill,  not  far  from  the 
junction  of  the  mountain  road  with  the  main  road.  Here 
they  suffered  McCoy  and  his  son  to  pass  ;  but,  as  his  wife 
was  passing  them,  they  reached  from  the  bushes,  and  took 
hold  of  her,  charging  her  to  make  no  noise,  and  covering  her 
mouth  with  their  hands,  as  she  cried  to  her  husband  for  as- 
sistance. Her  husband,  hearing  her  cries,  turned,  and  was 
about  coming  to  her  relief.  But  he  no  sooner  began  to  ad- 
vance, than  the  Indians,  expecting  probably  that  he  would 
fire  upon  them,  began  to  raise  their  pieces,  which  she  push- 
ed one  side,  and  motioned  to  her  friends  to  make  their  es- 
cape, knowing  that  their  guns  were  not  loaded,  and  that  they 
would  doubtless  be  killed,  if  they  approached.  They  ac- 
cordingly ran  into  the  woods  and  made  their  escape  to  the 
garri'ion.     This  took  place  August  21,  1747. 

The  Indians  then  collected  together  what  booty  they  could 
ftbtain,  which  consisted  of  an  iron  trammel,  from  Mr.  George 


324  Historical  Sketch  of  Epsom. 

Wallace's  ;  the  apples  of  the  only  tree  which  bore  in  town, 
which  was  in  the  orchard  now  owned  by  Mr.  David  Griffin, 
and  some  other  trifling  articles,  and  prepared  to  set  off  with 
their  prisoner  for  Canada. 

Before  they  took  their  departure,  they  conveyed  Mrs. 
McCoy  to  a  place  near  the  little  Suncook  river,  wiiere  they 
left  her  in  the  care  of  the  young  Indian,  while  the  three  men, 
whose  names  were  afterwards  ascertained  to  be  Flausdwa,* 
Sabatis  and  Christi,  went  away,  and  were  for  some  time 
absent.  During  their  absence,  Mrs.  McCoy  thought  of  at- 
tempting to  make  her  escape.  Siie  saw  opportunities,  when 
she  thouglit  she  might  dispatch  the  young  Indian  with  the 
trammel,  which,  with  other  things,  was  left  with  ihcm,  and 
thus  perhaps  avoid  some  strange  and  barbarous  dtath,  or  a 
long  and  distressing  captivity.  But,  on  the  other  hand,  she 
knew  not  at  what  distance  the  others  were.  If  she  attempi- 
ed  to  kill  her  young  keeper,  she  might  fail.  If  she  efiectcd 
her  purpose  in  this,  she  might  be  pursued  and  overtaken  by 
a  cruel  and  revengeful  foe,  and  then  some  dreadful  death 
would  be  her  certain  portion.  On  the  whole,  she  thought 
best  to  endeavor  to  prepare  her  mind  to  bear  what  might  be 
no  more,  than  a  period  of  savage  captivity.  Soon,  however, 
the  Indians  returned,  and  put  an  end  for  the  present  to  all 
thoughts  of  escape.  From  the  direction,  in  which  they  went 
and  returned,  and  from  their  smutty  appearance,  she  sus- 
pected what  their  business  had  been.  She  told  them  '  she 
guessed  they  had  been  burning  her  house.'  Plausawa,  who 
could  speak  some  broken  English,  informed  her  they  had.t 

They  now  commenced  their  long  and  tedious  journey  to 
Canada,  in  which  the  poor  captive  might  well  expect  that 
great  and  complicated  sufferings  would  be  her  lot.  She  did 
indeed  find  the  journey  fatiguing,  and  her  fare  scanty  and 
precarious.  But,  in  her  treatment  from  the  Indians,  she  ex- 
perienced a  very  agreeable  disappointment.  The  kind- 
ness she  received  from  them  vi'as  far  greater  than  she  had 
expected  from  those,  who  were  so  often  distinguished  for; 
their  cruelties.  The  apples  they  had  gathered  they  saved 
for  her,  giving  her  one  every  day.  In  this  way,  they  lasted 
her  as  far  on  the  way  as  lake  Champlain.  They  gave  her 
the  last,  as  they  were  crossing  that  lake  in  their  canoes. 
This   circumstance  gave  to  the  tree,  on  which   the  apples 

*  These  were  of  fho  Arosag-iintacook  or  St.  Francis  Tribe.  See  Bel- 
knap's Hist.  N.  H.  Vol.  II.  p.  278. 

f  The  writer  has  a  piece  of  the  iron  ware,  which  was  nieitcd  down  in 
the  burning  of  the  house. 


Historical  Sketch  of  Epsom.  325 

grew,  the  nsme  of  "  IsahKlPs  /ree,"  her  nnme  being  Isabella. 
In  many  ways  did  they  appear  desirous  of  mitigating  the 
distresses  of  their  prisoner  while  on  their  tedious  joui-ney. 
When  night  came  on,  and  they  halted  to  repose  themselves 
in  the  dark  wilderness,  IMausawa,  the  head  man,  would 
make  a  little  couch  in  the  leaves  a  little  way  from  theirs, 
cover  her  up  with  his  own  'blanket;  and  there  she  was  suf- 
fered to  sleep  undisturbed  till  morning.  When  they  came 
to  a  river,  which  must  be  lorded,  one  of  them,  would  carry 
her  over  on  his  back.  Nothing  like  insult  or  indecency  did 
they  ever  oii'er  her  during  the  whole  time  she  was  with  them. 
They  carried  her  to  Canada,  and  sold  her  as  a  servant  !o  a 
French  family,  whence,  at  the  close  of  that  war,  she  leturn- 
ed  home.  But  so  comfortable  was  her  condition  there,  and 
her  husband  being  a  man  of  rather  a  rf)ugh  and  violent  tem- 
per, she  declared  she  never  should  have  thought  of  attempt- 
ing the  journey  home,  were  it  not  for  the  sake  of  her  children. 

After  the  capture  of  Mrs.  McCoy,  the  Indians  fretjuently 
visited  the  town,  but  never  committed  any  very  great  dep- 
redations. The  greatest  damage  they  ever  did  to  the  prop- 
erty of  the  inhabitants  was  the  spoiling  of  all  the  ox-teams 
in  town.  At  the  time  referred  to,  there  were  but  four  yoke 
of  oxen  in  the  place,  viz.  McCoy's  Capt.  McClary's,  Geo. 
Wallace's,  and  Lieut.  Blake's.  It  was  a  time  of  apprehen- 
sion from  the  Indians  ;  and  the  inhabitants  had  therefore  all 
fled  to  the  garrison  at  Nottingham.  They  left  their  oxen  to 
graze  about  the  woods,  with  a  bell  upon  one  of  them.  The 
Indians  found  them;  shot  one  out  of  each  yoke  ;  took  out 
their  tongues,   made  a  prize  of  the  bell  and  left  them. 

The  ferocity  and  ci'uelty  of  the  savages  were  doubtless 
very  much  averted  by  a  friendly,  conciliating  course  of  con- 
duct in  the  inhabitants  towards  them.  This  was  particular- 
ly the  case  in  the  course  jiuisued  by  Sergeant  Blake.  Being 
himself  a  curious  mai-ksman  and  an  expert  hunter,  traits  of 
character  in  their  view  of  the  highest  order,  he  soon  secured 
their  respect ;  and,  by  a  course  of  kind  treatment,  he  secur- 
ed their  friendship  to  such  a  degree,  that,  though  they  had 
opportunities,  they  would  not  injure  him  even  in  time  of  war. 

"^riie  first  he  ever  saw  of  them  was  a  company  of  them 
making;  towards  his  house,  through  the  opening  from  the  top 
of  Sanborn's  hill.  He  fled  to  the  woods,  and  there  laj'  con- 
cealed, till  they  had  made  a  thorough  search  about  his 
house  and  enclosures,  and  had  gone  off.  The  next  time  his 
visitors  came,  he  was  constrained  to  become  more  acquainted 
with  them,  and  to  ti-eat  them  with  more  attention.  As  he 
was  busily   engaged  towards  the  close  of  the  day  in  com- 


326  Historical  Sketch  of  Epsom. 

pleting  a  yard  for  his  cow,  the  dechning  sun  suddenly  threw 
along  several  enormous  shadows  on  the  ground  before  him. 
He  had  no  sooner  turned  to  see  the  cause,  than  he  found 
himself  in  the  company  of  a  number  of  stately  Indians. 
Se;ing  his  perturbation,  they  patted  him  on  the  head,  and 
told  him  'not  to  be  afraid,  for  they  would  not  hurt  him.' 
'J  hey  then  went  with  him  into  his  house;  and  their  first 
business  was  to  search  all  his  bottles  to  see  if  he  had  an}'' 
"  occapee,'''  rum.  They  then  told  him  they  were  very  hungry, 
and  wantf'd  something  to  eat.  He  htippened  to  have  a  quar- 
ter of  a  bear,  which  he  gave  them.  Thfy  took  it  and  threw 
it  whole  upon  the  fire,  and  very  soon  b^gan  to  cut  and  eat 
fj'om  it  half  raw.  "While  they  were  eating,  he  employed 
himsell  in  cutting  pieces  from  it,  and  broiling  upon  a  slick 
for  them,  which  pleased  them  very  much.  After  their  re- 
past, i  hey  wished  for  the  privilege  of  lying  by  his  fire  through 
thi>  night,  which  he  trrantcd.  The  next  morning,  they  jtro- 
posed  trying  skill  with  him  in  firing  at  a  mark.  To  this  he 
acceded.  But  in  this,  finding  themselves  outdone,  they 
were  much  astonished  and  chagrined;  nevertheless  they 
highly  commended  him  for  his  skill,  patting  him  on  th.e  head, 
and  telling  him, '  [fJie  zoould  go  off  with  thcni^  they  zi'onld  make 
him  their  big  captain.''  They  used  often  to  call  upon  him,,  and 
his  kindness  to  them  they  never  forgot  even  in  time  of  war. 

Phiusavva  had  a  peculiar  manner  of  doubling  his  lip,  and 
producing  a  very  shrill  piercing  whistle,  which  might  be 
heard  a  great  distance.  At  a  time,  when  considerable  dan- 
ger was  apprehended  from  the  Indians,  Blake  went  off  into 
the  woods  alone,  though  considered  hazardous,  to  look  for 
his  cow,  that  was  missing.  x\s  he  was  passing  along  by 
Sinclair's  brook,  an  unfrequented  place,  northerly  from 
McCoy's  mountain  ;  a  very  loud  sharp  whistle,  v/hich  he 
knew  to  be  Plausawa's,  suddenly  passed  through  his  head  like 
the  report  of  a  pistol.  The  sudden  alarm  almost  raised  him 
from  the  ground  ;  and,  with  a  very  light  step,  he  soon  reach- 
ed home  without  his  cow.  in  more  peaceable  times,  Plau- 
sawa  asked  him  if  he  did  not  remember  the  time,  and  laugh- 
ed very  much  to  think  how  he  ran  at  thp  fright,  and  told  him 
the  reason  for  his  whistling.  "  Young  Indian.''''  said  he,  '■^  put 
■up  gun  to  shoot  Englishman.  Me  knock  it  dorm,  and  whistle 
to  start  you  off."'  So  lasting  is  their  friendship,  when  treated 
well.  At  the  close  of  the  wars,  th'^  Indians  built  several 
wigwams  near  the  confluence  of  Wallace's  brook  with  the 
Great  Suncook.  On  a  little  island  in  this  river,  near  the  place 
called  "short  falls,"  one  of  them  lived  for 'considerable  time. 
Plausawa  and  Sabatis  were  finally  both   killed  in   time  of 


Historical  Sketch  of  Epsom.  527 

peace  by  one  of  the  whites  af(or   a   drunken  quarrel  and 
buried  near  a  certain  brook  in.  lioscawcn.* 

JVIouNTAivs.] — The  surface  of  the  town  is  generally  uneven  ; 
the  land  frequently  rising  imo  con-?idcial)le  hills.  F'our  of 
the  highest  eminences  have  received  tlie  name  of  nionniains. 

'McCoi/''s,  nam^d  after  Charles  McCoy,  one  of  ihe  fn':>t  .-set- 
tlers, lies  about  Oiie  mile  and  a  hall  soutli  from  the  centre  of 
the  town. 

Fort  Moiinfain^  probably  so  called  from  having  an  emin- 
ence near  the  su  lunit,  resembling  a  tort,  lies  about  one  mile 
further  in  a  southeast  direction,  and  is  the  highest  of  the  four. 
7'his  is  {)robal»ly  the  iiighest  land  in  the  >ame  parallel  of 
latitude  between  the  ocean  and  Merrimaek  river.  From  its 
summit,  in  a  clear  atmosphere,  the  ocean  may  l)e  distinctly 
seen,  though  distant  about  thirty  miles  in  a  direct  lino,  and 
for  (ifieen  or  twenty  miles,  the  beholder  has  a  very  full  view 
of  the  surrounding  country.- 

J^itrs  Mountain  is  situated  about  half  a  mile  south  of  the 
last  mentioned  one.  It  was  so  natiied  from  the  circumstance, 
ihnt  Nathaniel,  one  of  McCoy's  children,  who  had  been  lost 
in  the  woods  while  searching  for  the  cows,  was  found  upon 
it.  It  is  said  he  was  absent  several  days,  and  subsisted  dur- 
ing that  time  upon  berries;  and  that,  when  first  discovered, 
he  wa-^  disposed  to  flee  from  those  who  came  (o  his  relief. 

J^oltirighani  Mountain^  so  named  from  its  being  crossed  by 
the  ancient  Nottingham,  [now  Deerriekl]  line,  lies  about  half 
a  mile  easterly  from  Fort  mountain.  In  this  mountain,  on 
the  Dcerfield  side,  is  said  to  be  a  small  cave  capable  of  con- 
taining twenty  or  thirty  persons  at  the  same  lime. 

Rivers.] — The  Great  and  Little  Suncook  are  the  only 
streams,  which  deserve  the  name  of  rivers.  These  seldom 
fail  to  afibrd  abundant  water  for  the  various  kinds  of  ma- 
chinery, th  it  are  situated  upon  then).  The  Great  Suncook 
never  fails  ;  though  the  other  does  in  very  dry  seasons.  The 
Great  Suncook  enters  the  town  from  the  north  ;  and,  bending 
its  course  south-westerl}',  unites  with  the  Merrimack  at  Pem- 
broke. The  Little  Suncook  enters  the  town  from  ilie 
east,  a  few  rods  below  the  pond  of  the  same  name,  from 
which  it  runs  ;  and  proceeding  in  a  pretty  direct  course  west- 
ward near  the  centre  of  the  town,  unites  with  the  river  first 
mentioned. 

Ponds.] — There  are  but  three  in  the  town,  and  these  are 
small.  Their  names  are  Chesnut,  Round,  and  Odiorni^f 
Pond. 


*  Belknap's  Hist.  N.  H.  Vol.  II.  p.  280. 


328  Historical  Sketch  of  Epsom. 

Mineralogy.] — Under  this  division  may  be  mentioned  the 
following,  viz  :  ; 

Quartz.  This  occurs  of  the  common  kind,  both  amorphous  I 
and  crystallized.     That  variety   called   limpid  quartz  is  not  \ 
unfi'ecjuent.     It  is  sometimes  Ibund  in  beautiful  prismatic  six-  \ 
sided  crystals,  as  transparent  as  the  purest  glass,  and  termi-   t 
natcd  generally  only  at  one  end  by  six-sided  pyramids.  This 
variety  is  frequently  termed  rock  crystal.     Dr.  Crosby  has  a 
beautiful  crystal  of  considerable  size  surrounded  on  all  sides 
by  numerous    smaller    ones.     Of  ferruginous    quartz,   the 
varieties  yelloxo  and  red   have   been    noticed  with  crystals 
of  the  same  form  with  those  mentioned  above. 

Feld'ipar  of  the  common  kind,  often  occurs  in  large  crystals 
m  a  coarse  grained  granite.  The  crystals  are  either  white 
or  tinged  with  yelloAv.  The  granular  variety  is  sometimes 
found,  especially  where  the  soil  is  moist. 

Mica  is  very  abundantly  diffused  among  the  rocks,  and 
often  occurs  in  large  crystals. 

Schorl  is  very  abundant.  Two  varieties  have  been  ob- 
served. 1.  Common  schorl.  Its  color  is  a  shining  black,  and 
the  crystals  often  very  large.  2.  Tourmaline.  This  was 
found  at  the  foot  of  Fort  mountain,  in  long,  finely  striated, 
prismatic  crystals,  slightly  imbedded  in  a  very  coarse, rough 
granite.  The  color,  viewed  in  the  direction  of  the  axis  of 
the  prism,  is  greenish  blue;  but  at  the  edges  of  the  crystal, 
where  it  is  translucent,  it  is  green. 

Garnets  of  a  small  size  and  pale  red  color,  are  often  found 
imbedded  in  the  rocks. 

Iron,  in  the  form  of  hrown  oxide,  is  found  in  small  quanti- 
ties. Sulpknret  of  iron  appears  to  have  entered  largely  into 
the  composition  of  many  of  the  rocks  ;  but  it  is  most  fre- 
quently noticed  in  its  decomposed  state,  forming  sulphate  of 
iron,  or  copperas. 

Lead.  It  is  said  that  the  Indians,  in  one  of  their  visits  at 
Sergeant  Blake's,  requested  him  to  give  them  some  lead  for 
making  balls.  He  told  them  he  had  no  lead  but  he  had  a 
mould  for  running  balls.  They  went  away  ;  and,  after  a 
short  time,  returned  with  a  quantity  of  ore,  from  which  they 
extracted  consideralile  lead.  They  appeared  generally  to 
have  lead  in  abundance,  and  Sergeant  Blake  frequently  after- 
wards purchased  it  of  them.  They  would  never  tell  the 
particular  place  where  they  obtained  the  ore.  They  said 
they  got  it  in  Wallace's  brook,  near  which  they  had  several 
wigwams.  This  brook  rises  in  McCoy's  mountain,  and  runs 
northwesterly  into  the  Great  Suncook.  Col.  Prescott  once 
found  a  small  quantity  of  lead  ore  in,  or  near  the  Great  Sun- 
cook. 


Historical  Sketch  of  Epsom.  329 

Silver.  Some  of  (he  aged  people  relate,  that,  after  a  great 
reshet,  a  quantity  of  silver,  of  which  a  spoon  wius  iiiadc, 
vas  found  by  one  Simonds  in  a  small  stream,  called  Deer 
iroolv,  which  issues  from  the  south  side  of  Fort  mountain, 
t  is  not  known  that  any  has  been  found  since. 

Water  Machinery.] — The  hilly  surface  ol  the  town,  and 
umerous  streams,  render  it  very  favorable  for  that  kind  of 
nachinery,  which  requires  the  power  of  water.  Within  the 
iniits  of  the  (own,  are  eight  grist  mills  with  twelve  runs  of 
itones  ;  ten  saw  mills  ;  three  carding  machines  ;  three  cloth- 
ers'  shops  ;  and  four  bark  mills. 

Taverns  and  Stores.'] — There  are  within  the  limits  of  the 
own,  six  taverns,  and  as  many  stores,  at  each  of  which 
;here  is  more  or  less  of  such  business  transacted  as  is  com- 
monly connected  with  similar  establishmrnts. 

Diseases  and  Mortality.] — The  diseases  of  the  inhabi- 
tants have  generally  been  such,  as  might  be  expected  to  be 
incident  to  particular  ages  and  circumstances.  I  do  not 
earn  from  any  physician,  who  has  ever  practised  in  the 
town,  that  a  disease  which  might  properly  be  called  epidem- 
ic, has  ever  made  its  appearance.  The  tow  n  had  been  set- 
tled 30  years,  before  a  father  of  a  family  died.  The  first 
man  buried  in  the  oldest  grave  yard,  (that  by  the  meeting- 
house) was  William  Blazo.  The  whole  number  of  deaths 
during  Mr.  Haseltine's  ministry  of  30  years,  was  286, making 
an  average  of  9  1-2  annually.  The  average  number  for  8 
years  past,  is  16  3-8.  The  whole  number  of  deaths  during 
that  period  is  131.  The  present  population  is  1336.  A 
person  died  a  few  years  since,  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Pitman,  whose 
age  lacked  but  a  few  days  of  100  years.  Hon.  John  M'- 
Clary,  who  had  filled  the  office  of  town  clerk,  representative 
and  senator,  was  instantly  killed  Dec.  13,  1821,  by  the  fall- 
ing timbers,  while  assisting  in  the  raising  of  a  frame. 

Schools.] — The  town  is  divided  into  seven  school  districts, 
in  which  about  300  dollars  are  annually  expended. 

Library.'] — There  is  a  social  library  in  town,  consisting  of 
about  100  volumes  of  books  pretty  judiciously  selected  ; 
though  not  containing  the  writings  of  any  very  late  authors 
or  an}'^  of  those  useful  periodical  publications  upon  religion, 
agriculture,  &c.,  which  are  very  desirable  for  such  associa- 
tions. 

[The  ecclesiastical  history  of  Epsom  will  be  found  in  the 
'  Memoranda  relating  to  Churches,  &;c.  in  New-Hampshire,' 
now  publishing  in  the  Collections. — Ed.] 
42 


(  330  ) 

Memoranda  :    relating  to  the  Churches  and   Clergy  of  Ken- 

Hampshire, 

[Continued  from  page  300.] 

in  1737,  the  Rev.  Joseph  Seccombe  succeeded  Mr. 
Clarke  in  the  ministry  at  Kingston  ;  Rev.  David  McGre- 
GORE  was  ordained  the  first  minister  of  the  West  Paiish  in 
Londonderry;  Rev.  Aaron  Whittemore  was  ordained  at 
Pembroke  ;  Rev.  Amos  Main  at  Rochester  ;  Rev.  Jeremiah 
FooG  at  Kensington,  and  Rev.  Nathaniel  Merrill  at  Not- 
tingham-West— the  first  ministers  ol  those  several  towns. 

Mr.  Seccombe  was  graduated  at  Harvard  College,  in 
1734,  and  died  in  1760. 

Mr.  McGregore  was  a  son  of  the  first  minister  of  London- 
derry, and  received  his  liferaiy  and  theological  education 
under  the  tuition  of  the  Rev.  Mr.  Clark,  his  father's  succes- 
sor. He  continued  in  the  ministry  till  his  death.  May  30, 
1779,  at  the  age  of  68.  "  He  stood  high  in  the  public  esti- 
mation as  a  preacher  and  as  a  divine.  His  praise  was  in 
all  the  surrounding  churches.  Few,  if  any,  then  upon  the 
stage,  were  considered  his  superiors.  He  was  well  versed 
in  the  scriptures,  had  a  natural  gift  of  elocution,  and  was  a 
zealous  and  engaging  preacher.  His  voice  was  full  and 
commanding — his  delivery  solemn  and  impressive — and  his 
sentiments  clear  and  evangelical.  His  house  of  worship 
was  usually  thronged.  Many  from  neighboring  towns  dili- 
gently attended  upon  his  ministry."  In  1 741,  that  bright 
year  in  the  ecclesiastical  history  of  New-England,  Mr.  Mc 
Gregore  and  his  parish  were  favored  with  a  revival  of  relig- 
ion, and  many  were  added  to  the  church.  "  During  this  sea- 
son of  seriousness  and  religious  attention,  the  celebrated 
Mr.  Whitfield  visited  the  town,  and  preached  to  a  large 
collection  of  people  in  the  open  field."  Mr.  McGregore 
preached  on  the  Sabbath  previous  to  his  death.  It  was  a 
communion  season.  "  On  this  occasion  he  manifested,  dur- 
ing the  former  part  of  the  public  exercises,  his  accustomed 
zeal  and  devotedness  ;  at  length,  exhausted  by  the  effort,  he 
sank  down  in  his  desk,  and  was  carried  out  of  the  assembly. 
He  however  so  fai-  revived  as  to  return  to  the  place  of  wor- 
ship, and  address  in  public  his  people  for  the  last  time  ;  he 
died  the  following  Friday.  During  his  short  confinement 
his  mind  was  calm  and  serene.  His  faith  in  that  Saviour 
whom  he  had  from  time  to  time  so  fully  exhibited  in  all  hi* 


Ecclesiastical  History.  331 

offices,  was  now  his  never  failing  support.  It  disarmed 
'death  of  his  sting,  and  the  grave  of  iis  terror.  To  one  of 
his  elders,  who  visited  him  shortly  befoie  his  death,  he  ob- 
served, referring  to  Chri>t,  "  1  am  now  going  to  sfc  him  as 
he  is;  and  (o  his  christian  brethren,  he  repeatedly  bore  tes- 
timony to  the  truth  and  importance  of  those  doctrines  which 
for  more  than  forty  years,  had  been  the  subject  of  liis 
preaching,  and  which  are  termed  by  way  of  distinction,  the 
Doctrines  of  Grace.  Dr.  Whitaker,  of  Sah^m,  preached  his 
funeral  discourse,  from  those  words  of  Elisha,  on  the  re- 
moval of  Elijah,  "  M3  Father,  my  Father,  the  chariot  of  Is- 
rael, and  the  horsemen  thereof."''* 

Mr.  Whittemore  was  from  Concord,  Ms.  graduated  at  Har- 
vard college  in  1734,  and  was  ordained  at  Pembroke,  March 
1,1737,  when  the  congregational  church  in  that  town 
was  first  organized.  He  continued  in  the  ministry  until  his 
death,  Nov.  16,  1767,  aged  55.  His  widow,  Abigail,  died 
May  11,  1  803,  aged  84.  One  of  his  daughters  was  the  wife 
of  the  Rev.  Joseph  Woodman  of  Sanbornton. 

Mr.  Main  was  graduated  at  Harvard  college  in  1729; 
died  April  5,  1760,  and  is  said  to  have  been  a  good  minister, 
an  exemplary  man,  and  a  blessing  to  his  people. 

Mr.  Fogg  was  a  native  of  Hampton  ;  graduated  at  Har- 
vard college  in  1730,  and  was  ordained, at  Kensington  in  No- 
vember, 1737.     He  died  Dec.  1,  178'J,  aged  78.     He  wasa 

*  The  Rev.  Mr.  Parker,  in  a  note  to  his  Century  Sermon,  delivered 
at  Londonderry,  April  22,  1819,  f^ives  the  following  fact,  as  iiliis- 
trating'  certain  traits  in  Mr.  McGregore's  character.  "  A  gentleman 
in  Pojtsmonth  received  a  letter  from  an  unknown  hand,  threatening"  to 
burn  his  buildings,  unless  a  certain  sum  of  money  was  left  at  a  particu- 
lar place  on  the  road  leading;  from  Chester  to  Portsmnuih.  The  money 
was  accordino^ly  deposited,  anda^uard  placed  near,  in  order  to  arrest 
Ibe  person  who  should  appear  to  receive  it.  C'apt.  John  Mitchell  of  Lon- 
donderry, having  occasion  to  travel  that  way  in  the  night,  alighted  from 
his  horse  near  the  spot  where  the  money  was  lodged.  He  was  instantly 
arrested  by  the  guard,  and  notwithstanding  his  protestations  of  innocen- 
cy,  he  was  immediately  conveyed  to  Portsmouth  and  committed  to  pris- 
on. Owing  to  the  singular  concurrence  of  circumstances,  the  public 
sentiment  was  so  strongly  excited  against  him,  that  no  respectable  gen- 
tleman of  the  bar  could  be  induced  to  become  his  advocate  at  the  trial. 
Mr.  McGrogore,  convinced  of  his  innocency,  and  strongly  interested  in 
his  behalf,  on  account  of  his  unpleasant  and  painful  siiuation,  resolutely 
undertook  to  conduct  hi?  cause,  and  to  defend  his  character  ;  though  at 
the  hazard  in  some  mtiasure  of  his  own  reputation.  He  accordingly,  by 
permission  of  the  court,  took  bis  seat  at  the  bar  ;  and  though  not  partic- 
ular'y  versed  in  the  forms  of  legal  justice  ;  yet  so  powerful  and  con- 
vincing was  his  plea — with  so  much  ability  and  address  did  he  manage 
his  defence — that  he  obtained  the  gentleman's  acquittal,  in  opposition  to 
the  whole  current  of  public  opinion.  His  innocence  was  afteiward* 
BatiefactoriJy  made  known,  and  the  ofTcrder  discovered." 


332  Ecclesiastical  History, 

man  of  great  constitutional  vivacity,  was  rather  incautious 
in  his  manner  of  sjjeaking,  and  was  in  the  habit  of  taking  ei- 
ther side  of  a  question  in  dt  bate  without  perhaps  duly  con- 
sidering the  appearances  or  the  consequences.  On  account 
of  some  unguarded  expressions  at  tlie  hou>e  of  one  of  his  par- 
ishioners, several  of  his  church, feeling  themselves  aggrieved  ' 
and  having  sought  in  vain  for  satisfaction,called  an  ecclesias- 
tical council  to  ad\  ise  with  them  in  the  case.  The  council, 
consisting  of  the  fij-st  and  South  churches  in  Ipswich,  the 
third  church  in  Newbury,  and  the  churches  in  South-Hamp- 
ton, Greenland,  Durham  and  North-Hampton,  met  Jan.  20, 
1789.  Dr.  Macclintock  was  the  moderator.  Mr.  Fogg  was 
accused  of  having  said  that  "  Christ  Avas  no  more  than  a 
mere  man, — that  he  suffered  and  died  only  for  himself — and 
that  we  are  justified  by  works,  meaning  before  God."  After 
a  careful  examination,  the  Council  were  unanimously  of 
opinion,  that  Mr.  Fogg  did  express  himself  in  the  terms  men- 
tioned in  the  articles  of  charge,  and  "  Voted,  unanimously, 
that  those  terms  directly  and  unequivocall}^  express  senti- 
ments which  this  Council  esteem  dishonorable  to  God,  sub- 
versive of  the  gospel  of  Christ,  and  dangerous  to  the  souls 
of  men — that  his  saying  that  Christ  was  no  more  than  a  man, 
and  that  he  died  for  himself  only,  is  expressive  of  tenets 
which,  in  our  view,  destroy  the  only  sure  foundation  of  the 
christian's  hope  of  eternal  life — and  that  the  connection  in 
which  lie  asserted  toe  are  justified  by  our  works,  gave  the  com- 
pany too  much  ground  to  conclude  that  he  meant  to  explode 
the  important  doctrine,  commonly  received  in  these  church- 
es, of  justification  through  the  atonement  of  Christ." — The 
Council,  however,  "Voted,  that,  inasmuch  as  Mr.  Fogg,  in 
several  writings  laid  before  them,  had  expressly  and  solemn- 
ly disavowed  the  errors  alleged  in  the  articles  of  charge, 
and  the  aggrieved  had  not  produced  sufficient  evidence  of  his 
making  it  the  subject  of  his  public  preaching,  they  could  not 
impute  the  aforementioned  errors  to  him  as  articles  of  his 
faith" — and  thev  recommended  to  the  aggrieved  again  "  to 
wait  upon  Mr.  F.  in  a  respectful  manner,  with  a  copy  of  the 
result  of  council,  and,  in  a  convenient  time,  renew  their  ap- 
plication to  him  for  christian  satisfaction  in  regard  to  those 
particulars,  with  which  they  have  been  sojustly  offended." 

Mr.  Merrill  was  a  native  of  Newbury,  and  graduated  at 
Harvard  Coil'^e;e  in  1732.  He  was  ordained  at  Nottingham- 
West,  Nov.  30,  1737,  when  the  congregational  church,  con- 
sisfins;  of  16  male  members,  was  first  formed  there.  In  the 
52  following  years,  he  admitted  159  to  communion  by  pro- 
fession, and  52  by  letters  of  dismission  from  other  churches. 


Ecclesiastical  History.  333 

In  1752,  he  began  to  admit  persons  to  own  the  covenant  for 
the  purpose  of  having  their  children  bcijUized,  and  admitted 
84  in  that  form.  He  recorded  483  baptisms  and  311  mar- 
riages, the  Uist  on  Dec.  27,  1 795.  In  1774,  the  civil  contract 
between  Mr.  Merrill  and  the  town  was  dissolved  by  mutual 
consent;  but  his  pastoral  relation  to  the  church  continued 
till  his  death  in  1790. 

In  1738,  the  Rev.  Jacob  Bacon  was  ordained  at  Keene  ; 
and  the  Rev.  Josiah  Swan  succeeded  Mr.  Prentice  at  Dun- 
stable. 

Mr.  Bacon  was  a  native  of  Wrcntham,  Mass.  graduated  at 
Harvard  College  in  1731,  and  was  ordained  at  Keene,  on  the 
day  the  church  there  was  gathered,  Oct.  18,  1733.  The 
settlement  was  broken  up  in  the  spring  of  1747;  Mr.  Bacon 
went  to  Plymouth,  and  returned  no  more  to  Keene.  He 
died  at  Rowley,  in  1787,  aged  81. 

Mr.  Swan  was  graduated  at  Harvard  college  in  1733,  and 
was  ordained  at  Dunstable,  Dec.  27,  1738.  He  married 
Rachel  Blanchard  of  a  respectable  family  in  that  town,  lii 
1746,  he  was  dismissed  in  consecjnonce  of  a  division  of  the 
town  by  the  line  run  between  the  Province  of  New-Hamp- 
shire and  Massachusetts.  He  continued  in  Dunstable  sever- 
al years  after  his  dismission,  and  occasionally  preached. 
He  afterwards  removed  to  Lancaster ;  from  thence  to  Wal- 
pole,  where  he  died,  and  where  some  of  his  descendants  are 
yet  living. 

In  1739,  the  Rev.  Peter  Coffin  was  ordained  at  East- 
Kingston,and  the  Rev. Nathaniel  Gookin  at  North-Hampton. 

Mr.  Coffin  was  graduated  at  Harvard  college  in  1733, 
and  was  dismissed  from  the  ministry  at  East-Kingston  in 
1772.  He  was  the  first  and  only  congregational  minister 
ever  settled  in  that  tovv'n.  Since  his  dismission,  the  town 
has  not  grown  very  rapidly,  either  in  wealth  or  numbers. 
It  had  in ""l 820  fewer  inhabi'lants  than  in  1767. 

Mr.  Gookin  was  son  of  Rev.  Mr.  Gookin,  of  Hampton, 
was  born  February  18,  1713,  graduated  at  Harvard  Col- 
lege 1731,  and  ordained  October  31,  1739,  His  first  wife 
was  Judith  Coffin,  (daughter  of  Captain  Eliphalet  Coffin,  of 
Exeter)  whom  he  married  January  1,  1741  ;  his  second  wife 
was  Ann  Fitch,  daughter  of  Rev.  Mr.  Fitch  of  Portsmouth; 
his  third  wife  was  a  daughter  of  Joshua  Wingate,  of  Hamp- 
ton, and  sister  of  the  Hon.  Tim.othy  Pickering's  mother. 
Mr.  Gookin  continued  in  the  ministry  till  his  d"ath,  October 
22,  1766.  By  his  second  wife  he  had  two  children,  Capt. 
Nathaniel  Gookin  of  Portsmouth,  and  a  daughter.  Of  his 
children  by  his  third  wife,  were  the  Hon.  Daniel  Gookin,  of 


334  Ecclesiastical  History, 

North-Hampton,  and  Hannah  and  Elizabeth,  twins,  who 
were  married  to  Rev.  Timothy  Upham  and  Dr.  Edmund 
Chadivick,  of  Dccrfield. 

In  1740,  the  Rev.  Abner  Bayley  was  ordained  the  first 
minister  of  Salem  ;  Rev.  William  Davidson  succeeded  Mr. 
Thompson  at  Londonderry  ;  and  Rev.  Phinehas  Stevens  was 
©rdaimd  the  first  minister  of  Boscawen. 

Mr.  Bayley  was  a  sou  of  Joshua  Bayley,  of  Newbury, 
Massachusotts,  and  was  born  January  19,  1716;  was  grad- 
uated at  Harvard  College,  1736;  and. April  8,  1745,  married 
Mary,  the  only  daughter  of  Henry  Baldwin,  formerly  of 
Woburn.  Her  mother  was  originally  Mary  Richardson,  and 
after  Mr.  Baldwin's  death,  she  married  a  Jones,  whom  she 
survived,  anddiedin  Shrewsbury,  October,  1793,  aged  104 
years  and  9  months.  Mrs.  Bayley  died  Februar^^  18,  1739. 
Her  husband  survived  h^r,  and  ronunuod  in  the  ministry  till 
his  death,  March  10,1798,  tliouiib  for  several  of  the  last 
years  of  his  life,  he  had  the  assistance  of  a  colleague.  Mr. 
Bay  ley's  children  were  1.  Mary,  wife  of  Mr.  William  White, 
of  Plaistow,  and  afterwards  of  Deacon  Webster,  of  Haver- 
hill, Massachusetts  ;  2.  Elizabeth,  wife  of  Henry  Little,  of 
Salem  ;  3.  Lavinia,  wife  of  Rev.  William  Kelly,  of  Warner; 
4.  S-irah.  He  ])u!)lished  a  sermon,  delivered  at  the  ordina- 
tion of  Rev.  John  Page,  at  Hawke,  1763  ;  and  two  sermons 
on  Infant  Baptism,  1780. 

Mr.  Davidson  was  born  in  Ireland  in  1714,  and  was  edu- 
cated at  the  University  in  Scotland,  where  he  was  graduated 
in  1733.  He  married  the  widow  of  his  predecessor.  His 
salary  was  160/.  per  annum.  He  continued  more  than  half 
acentury  in  the  ministry,  and  died  Feb.  15,  1791,  aged  77. 
'*  He  was  exemplary  in  his  life  and  conversation  and  devoted 
to  the  interests  of  his  people.  He  did  not  perhaps  excel  as 
a  theologian  or  a  public  speaker.  His  doctrinal  views  were 
not  so  clear  and  distinguishing;  yet  as  a  pastor,  he  was  dili- 
gent and  afFectionale — and  died  sincerely  beloved  and  res- 
pected by  those  among  whom  he  had  long  labored,  and  in 
whose  service  his  locks  had  whitened  and  his  eyes  grown 
dim." 

Mr.  Stevens  was  graduated  at  Harvard  College  in  1 734, 
was  ordained  at  Boscawen,  Oct.  8,  1  740,  and  died  January 
19,1755. 

In  1741, the  Rev.  Joshua  Tufts  was  ordained  at  Litchfield; 
Rev.  Daniel  Wilkins  at  Amherst ;  and  Rev.  Timothy  Har- 
rington at  Swanzey. 

Mr.  Tufts  was  graduated  at  Harvard  College  in  1736. 
He  declined  an  invitation  to  settle  in  the  ministry  at  Arundel 


Ecclesiastical  History,  335 

(now  Kenncbunk  Port)  it)  Maine,  in  1739,  and  accepted  that 
at  Litchfield,  where  a  church  was  gathered  on  the  day  of 
his  ordination.  He  continued  there  but  a  short  time,  and 
was  dismissed  in  1741. 

Mr  Wilkins  was  a  native  of  Middleton,  Mass.,  graduated 
at  Harvard  College  in  1  736,  and  was  settled  by  the  propri- 
etors of  Amherst,  when  the  town  contained  but  fourteen  fam- 
ilies. A  church  was  organized  Sopl.  22,  1741,  consisting  of 
six  male  members,  including  Mr.  Wilkins,  who  was  ordain- 
ed the  next  day  ;  and  six  females  wcie  admitted  to  church 
membership  immediately  after  the  ordination.  The  Rev. 
Stephen  Chase  of  Lynn,  afterwards  of  New-Castle,  preach- 
ed (he  ordination  sermon.  In  1760,  the  town  was  incorpo- 
rated, and  so'»n  after,  "  at  a  public  meeting,  chose  Mr.  Wil- 
kins their  minister,  and  voted  him  an  annual  salary  of  47/. 
105.  sterling  money  of  Great  Britain,  or  an  ecjuivalent  in  the 
currency  of  the  province,  upon  the  standard  of  Indian  corn, 
at  two  shillings  per  bushel,  and  pork  two  pence  half-penny 
per  pound,  sterling."  Mv.  VV'iikins  continued  in  the  ministry 
till  his  death,  Feb.  11,  1781,  in  the  73d  year  of  his  age. 
"  He  was  considered  a  man  of  respectable  talents  and  con- 
tributed greatly  to  the  prosperity  of  the  town."  He  had  ten 
children  :  one  of  them,  Daniel,  was  a  captain  in  the  army  of 
the  revolution,  and  died  at  Isle-Aux-Noix,  on  Lake  Cham- 
plain,  while  in  the  service  of  his  country,  and  another,  John, 
was  graduated  at  Harvard  College  in  1764,  and  died  at 
Athens,  Ohio,  in  1808. 

Mr.  Harrington  was  a  native  of  Waltham,  Mass.,  gradua- 
ted at  Harvard  College  in  1737,  and  was  ordained  at  Swan- 
zpy,  (then  called  Lower  Ashuelot)  Nov.  4,  1741,  v.hcn  the 
church  in  that  place  was  first  organized.  He  continued 
there  about  five  years,  when  the  Assembly  of  Massachusetts, 
which  had  granted  (he  township,  withdrew  their  forces  from 
the  western  parts  of  this  then  Pi'ovince,  and  the  inhabitants, 
who  could  no  longer  remain  in  safety,  lied  from  their  estates, 
leaving  such  of  their  property  as  they  were  unable  to  carry 
away,  to  the  disposal  of  the  Indian  enemy,  who  destroyed 
it.  The  church  and  people  ofSvvanzey  were  then  scattered 
abroad  ;  but  a  moeiincr  of  the  church  was  called  and  holden 
in  Rutland,  Mass.  Ociolier  12,  1  748,  and  the  dismission  of 
Mr.  Harrington  was  voted  by  the  brethren,  who  gave  him 
an  afiectionate  recommendation.  He  was  installed  in  Nov. 
the  same  year  of  his  dismission,  at  liancaster,  Mass.  where 
he  died  December  18,  1795,  aged  80  years. 

In  1  742,  the  Rev.  Nicholas  Oilman  was  ordained  at  Dur- 
ham ;  and  Rev.  Stepiikn  Emery,  at  Nottingham, 


336  Ecclesiastical  History* 

Mr.  Gilman  was  a  son  of  Nicholas  Oilman,  Esq.  of  Exeter, 
llie  great  grandfather  of  Gov.  Gilman,  and  was  born  Jan. 
18,1707.  He  was  graduated  at  Harvard  College  in  1724. 
He  preached  several  years  as  a  candidate  and  received  an 
invitation  to  settle  in  the  ministry  at  New-Market,  Feb.  24, 
1728,  just  after  he  had  completed  his21styear.  He  was  or- 
dained at  Durham,  March  3,  1742,  and  continued  there  till 
his  death,  April  13,  1748,  although  for  one  or  two  of  the  last 
years  of  his  life  he  did  not  supply  the  pulpit.  He  was  re- 
garded as  a  pious  man  and  evangelical  preacher  ;  but  Dur- 
ham even  then  "  abounded  with  fanatics  :"  an  enthusiast  of 
the  name  of  Woodbury  appeared  among  them,  and  by  his 
great  zeal,  ingratiated  himself  into  the  favor  of  x\Ir.  Gilman, 
over  whom  it  is  said  he  obtained  a  complete  ascendancy — 
^would  call  him  from  his  bed  at  midnight  and  lead  him  into 
woods  and  swamps  to  spend  the  night  in  prayer.  In  this 
way,  he  lost  his  health  and  his  life.  While  under  the  in- 
fluence of  this  man,  Mr.  Gilman  declined  to  preach  to  his 
people,  and  they  employed  a  Mr.  Wooster  to  supply  his 
place.  The  condition  of  the  people  of  Durham  engaged 
the  attention  of  the  Ecclesiastical  Convention  of  this  prov- 
ince, which  had  then  been  recently  formed;  and  at  their 
meeting  in  July,  1747,  they  appointed  a  Committee  to  in- 
quire into  the  state  of  the  church  there,  and  report  at  the" 
next  meeting  of  the  convention.  At  the  next  meeting,  Oct. 
13,  1747,  the  committee  reported  that  they  had  visited  Dur- 
ham,'^  and  the  church  being  convened,  they  proceeded  to 
inquire  into  their  ecclesiastical  aff.drs  and  found  them  in  a 
very  unhappy  situation,  as  their  Rev.  Pastor,  Mr.  Gilman, 
had  for  a  considerable  time  desisted  from  the  work  of  the 
ministry  among  them,  and  by  all  their  endeavors,  they  could 
not  prevail  with  him  to  re-engage  in  said  work ;  but  that 
they  had  had  for  the  most  part  preaching  on  Lord's  Days, 
and  that  Mr.  Wooster  still  continued  to  preach  to  them. 
They  also  informed  us  that  a  consideral/le  number  of  their 
communicants  and  others  of  their  congregation  had  separa- 
ted from  them,  and  held  a  separate  meeting  in  a  private  house 
in  the  town  on  the  Lord's  Day,  and  at  other  times.  And 
the  said  committee  was  further  informed  by  divers  of  said 
church,that  at  said  separate  meetings,  there  were  very  disor- 
derly, vile  and  absurd  things  practised,  (such  as  profane 
singing  and  dancing,  damning  the  Devil,  spitting  in  persons' 
faces  whom  they  apprehended  notto  be  of  their  society,  &c.) 
gready  to  the  dishonour  of  God  and  the  scandal  of  Reli- 
gion." 


Origin  of  Surnames,  337 

The  Convention  acrcptod  the  report  as  suflicirnt, but"  Vo- 
ted, that  considering  the  backwardness  which  they  [the  peo- 
ple of  Durham  ]  discover  to  receive  advice  IVom  us,  so  they 
would  act  no  further  in  the  affair  at  present."  Mr.  Oilman 
died  of  consum})lion  and  wns  interred  at  Exeter.  His  char- 
acter is  thus  given  on  the  monument  creeled  to  his  memory. 
"  He  was  endowed  with  many  amiable  and  useful  accom- 
plishments. His  manners  were  grave,  easy  anfl  pleasant. 
He  was  exemplary  in  extensive  charity  and  beneficence — 
eminent  in  piety,  self-denial  and  victory  over  the  world — a 
fervent,  sound,  persuasive  preacher,  abounding  in  the  work 
of  the  Lord." 

Mr.  Emery  was  graduated  at  Harvard  College  in  1  730. 
He  continued  but  a  few  years  at  Nottingham,  and  left  hi« 
people  without  a  regular  dismission. 

[to  be  continued.] 


reR    THE   MONTHLY    LITERART    JOURNAL, 
O 

ORIGIN  OF  SURNAMES. 

[Conckuled  from  page  302.] 

The  most  surnames  in  number  have  been  local,  and  de- 
rived from  the  names  of  towns,  villages,  fee,  in  Normandy, 
England,  Scotland  and  other  places.  The  most  ancient, 
says  Camden,  are  derived  from  places  in  Normandy,  late  a 
province  of  France.  All  names  having  the  French,  De,  Du, 
Des,Dcla,  prefixed,  and  beginning  or  ending  with  Font,  Farit, 
Beau,  Sainct,  Mont,  Bois,  Aux,<fec.,  are  of  this  description. 
The  names  of  Warren,  Mortimer,  Percy,  Devereux,  Saint 
Leo,  Neville,  Harcourt, Tracy  and  Montfort,  are  derived  from 
places  in  Normandy,  in  which  country,  there  is  hardly  any 
village  but  what  gave  denomination  to  some  family  in  Eng- 
land. From  places  in  France,  the  names  of  Courtney,  Bol- 
lein,  or  BuUen,  Paris,  Cressy,  Lyons,  &c.,  are  derived. — 
From  places  in  England  and  Scotland  come  the  names  of 
Essex,  Murray,  Clilibrd,  Gordon,  Douglas,  Heydon,  Rat- 
cliife,  Seaton,  Spalding,  Kendal,  Kent,  Cotton,  Cary,  Hume, 
Whitney,  Hartshorn,  Rilligrew,  Sec.  Most  of  the  families  in 
Cornwall  have  some  of  the  following  words,  as  a  constituent 
part  of  their  names. 

"  By  Tie,  Ros,  Pol,  Lan,  Caer  antl  Pen,^^ 

"  You  may  know  the  most  Cornish  Men.'' 

*  These  words  signify  in  their  order,  a  town,  a  heath, a  pool,  a  church, 
a  castle  or  city,  and  a  promoQtorv. 

43 


338  Origin  of  Surnames, 

Next  to  local  names,  or  those  derived  from  places,  the 
most  numerous  are  those  derived  from  occupations,  or  pro- 
fessions. Such  are  Archer,  Armorer,  Brewer,  Brazier,  Bax- 
ter, Baker,  Collier,  Cartwright,  Carpenter,  Cutler,  Chap- 
man, Glazier,  Grocer,  Goldsmilh,  Glover,  Farrar,  Farmer, 
Faulkner,  Farrier,  Fisher,  Forbisher,  Hatter,  Joiner,  Lock- 
smith, Mason,  Mercer,  Mower,  Merchant,  Pointer,  Painter, 
Potter,  Piper,  Smith,  Shipwright,  Salter,  Spicer,  Webster, 
Wheeler,  Wheelwright,  Weaver,  Walker,  and  many  more. 
Some  of  these  are  as  ancient  in  England  as  most  others,being 
found  in  Doomesday  Book. 

Many  names  have  been  assumed  from  offices,  as  Cham- 
bers, Chamberlain,  Cooke, Spenser,  Sheriff,  Sergeant,  Foster, 
Parker,  Falconer,  Fowler,  Page,  Butler,  Clarke,  Proctor, 
Abbot,  Friar,  Monk,  Priest,  Bishop,  Dean,  Franklin,  Leach, 
Woodward,  Shepherd,  Steward,  and  Heyward. 

Names  have  been  taken  from  titles  of  honor,  dignity  or 
estate,  as  King,  Duke,  Prince,  Lord,  Baron,  Knight,  partly 
from  their  ancestors  having  been  such,  served  such,  acted 
such  parts,  or  were  kings  of  the  Bean,  Christmas  Lords,  &c. 
Others,  from  the  qualities  of  the  mind,  as  Good,  Goodman, 
Goodchild,  Wise,  Hardy,  Plain,  Light,  Meek,  Bold,  Best, 
Proud,  Sharp,  Still,  Sweet,  Quick  and  Sure  ;*    others,  from 

*  The  origin  of  names,  from  the  qualities  of  the  mind  and  from  other 
circumstsaces,  originally  applicnble  to  the  persons  who  bore  names  so 
derived,  is  alluded  to  in  the  following  poera,  from  the  New  Monthly 
Magazine. 

MEN  once  were  surnamed  from  their  shape  or  estate, 

(You  all  may  from  history  worm  \t,) 
There  was  Louis  the  Bulky,  and  Henry  the  Great, 

John  Lackland,  and  Peter  the  Hermit. 
But  now  when  the  door  plates  of  Misters  and  D5»mes 

Arp  read,  each  so  constantly  varies 
From  the  owner\';  trade,  fi(»ure  and  calling.  Surnames 

Seem  given  by  the  rule  of  contraries. 

Mr.  Box,  tho'  provoked,  never  doubles  his  fist, 
,  Mr.  Burns  in  his  grate  has  no  fuel, 

Mr.  Play  fair  won't  catch  me  at  hazard  or  whist, 

Mr.  Coward  was  wing'd  in  a  duel. 
Mr.  Wise  is  a  dunce,  Mr,  King  is  a  whig, 

Mr.  Coffin  's  uncommonly  sprightly. 
And  hijge  iVIr.  Liltle  broke  down  in  a  gig, 

While  driving  fat  Mrs.  Oolightly. 

Mrs.  Drinkwater  "s  apt  to  indulge  in  a  dram, 

Mrs.  Angel  's  an  absolute  fury, 
And  meek  Mr.  Lyon  let  fierce  Mr.  Lamb 

Tweak  his  nose,  in  the  lobby  of  Drury. 


Origin  of  Surnames.  339 

habitudes  of  body,  its  perfections  or  imperfections,  as  Strong, 
Armstrong,  Long,  Low,  Siiort,  Bro  id,  Littk,  Speed,  Fair, 
Bell,tiiat  is  Fair,  Fairfax,  that  is  Fair-locks;  others,  in  res- 
pect to  age,  as  Young,  01d,Child,  &c. ;  some,  from  the  time 
wherein  they  were  born,  as  Winler,  Summer,  Day,  May, 
Sunday,  Noel  and  Penticost  ;  some, from  what  thny  common- 
ly carried,  as  Long!>word,  Broadspear,  Shakc?pear,  Shot- 
bolt  and  WagstaiF;  some,  from  parts  of  the  body,  as  Head, 
Redhead,  Whitehead,  Lcggc,  Foot,  Pollard,  Arm  and  Hart; 
others,  from  the  colours  of  their  complexions,  as  White, 
Black,  Brown,  Red  and  Green. 

At  Bath,  where  the  feeble  go  more  than  the  stout, 

(A  conduct  well  worthy  of  Nero,) 
Over  poor  Mr.  Lightfuot,  confined  with  the  gout, 

Mr.  Heaviside  danced  a  Bulero. 

Miss  Joy,  wretched  maid,  ^hcn  she  chose  Mr.  Love, 

Found  nothing  but  sorrow  await  her  : 
She  now  holds  in  wedlock,  as  true  as  a  dove, 

That  fondest  of  mates,  Mr.  Hayter. 
Mr.  Ohlcasile  dwells  in  a  modern  built  hut ; 

Miss  Sage  is  of  Madcaps  the  archest ; 
Of  all  the  queer  bachelors  Cupid  e'er  cat, 

Old  Mr.  Younghushand  's  the  starchest. 

Mr.  Child  in  a  passion  knocked  down  Mr.  Rock, 

Mr.  Stone  like  an  aspen-leaf  Bhivers  ; 
Miss  Pooh  used  to  dance,  but  she  stands  like  a  stock 

Ever  since  she  became  Mrs.  Rivers. 
Mr.  Swift  hobbles  onward  no  mortal  knows  how, 

He  moves  as  though  chords  had  entwined  him  ; 
Mr.  J^letcalf  ran  off  iipon  meetmg  a  cow, 

With  pale  Mr.  Turnbull  behind  him. 

Mr.  Barker  's  as  mute  as  a  fish  in  the  sea, 

Mr.  Mites  never  moves  on  a  journey, 
Mr.  Gotobed^\is  up  till  half  after  three, 

Mr.  Makepeace  was  bred  an  attorney. 
Mr.  Gardener  can't  tell  a  llow'r  from  a  root, 

Mr.  Wild  with  timidity  draws  back, 
Mr.  Ryder  performs  all  his  journeys  on  foot, 

Mr.  Foote  all  his  journeys  on  horseback. 

Mr.  Penny,  whose  father  was  rolling  in  wealth, 

Kicked  down  all  the  fortune  his  dad  won  ; 
Large  Mr.  Le  Fever  's  the  picture  of  health, 

Mr.  Goodenough  is  but  a  bad  one. 
Mr.  Cruickshank  stepped  into  three  thousand  a  year, 

By  showing  his  leg  to  an  heiress. 
Now  1  hope  you'll  acknowledge  I've  made  it  quite  clear 

Surnames  ever  go  by  contraries. 


340  Origin  of  Surnames, 

Many  names  M'^ere  derived  from  beasts,  as  Lamb,  Liof,, 
Bear,  Buck,  Hind,  Hound,  Fox,  Wolf,  Hare,  Hog,  Roc. 
Bndgcr ;  others,  from  birds,  as  Corbet,  that  is.  Raven,  Arun- 
del, that  is.  Swallow,  Dove,  Lark,  Nightingale,  Jaycock,  Pea- 
cock, Sparrow,  Swan,  Woodcock,  Eagle,  Alecock  or  Alcock, 
Wilcock,  Hancock,  Howlct,  Wren,  Parrot,  Finch,  Kite  ; 
others,  from  fishes,  as  Plaice,  Pike,  Bream,  Burt,  S0I9,  Bass 
and  Whiting. 

A  considerable  number  of  naraes  have  originated  from 
Christian  names,  without  any  alteration,  as  Francis,  Her- 
bert, Guy,  Giles,  Lrotrard,  Lewis,  Lambert,  Owen,  Josselyn, 
Humphrey,  Glibert,  Griffith,  Griffin,  James.  Jacob,  Thomas, 
Anthony,  Godfrey,  Randall,  Alexander,  Charles,  Daniel, &c. 
The  names  of  Corbet,  Dod,  Durand,  Goodwin,  Goodrich, 
Fabyan,  Hake,  Hamon,  Hermon,  Hervey,  Howard,  Ket- 
tel,  Macy,  Maynard,  Murdac,  Nele,  Osborn,  Payne,  Reyner, 
Searle,  Sewall,  Star,  Swain,  Talbot,  Vivian,  Wade  and  War- 
ner, were  formerly  christian  natrics,  and  in  use  about  the 
time  of  the  conquest,  and  are  found  in  Doomesday  Book. 

Many  names,  says  Camden,  are  derived  from  the  addition 
of  Son  to  the  christian  name,  orthe  abbreviated  name,  com- 
monly called  the  nicknamp,  of  the  father,  as  Richardson, 
Dickson  and  Dickinson,  from  Richard  ;  Robertson,  Robin- 
son, Robson  and  Hobson,  from  Robert  ;  Willson,  William- 
son and  Wilkinson,  from  William;  Jackson,  Johnson  and 
Jenkinson,  from  John  ; — others,  by  adding  s  to  the  abbrevi- 
ated name,  Robins,  NicoUs,  Thorns,  Hicks,  Sims,  Hodges, 
Hobs,  Collins,  Jenks,  Gibs  from  Gilbert,  Cutts  from  Cuth- 
bert.  Watts  from  Walter,  Philips  from  Philip  ; — others,  by 
adjoining  Ins  to  those  abbreviated  names,  as  Dickins,  Per- 
kins from  Pcir  or  Peter,  Tompkins,  Wilkins,  Hutchins,  Hug- 
gins  from  Hugh,  Hopkins,  Atkins,  Gibbins,  Simkins,Watkins, 
Jenkins  arid  Rawlins  , — otiiers,  after  the  French  analogy,  in 
et  and  of,  as  Willet  from  Will,  Haket  or  Hacket  from  Hake, 
Bartlett  from  Bartholomew,  Millet  from  Miles,  Huet  from 
Hugh,  and  Eliot  from  Elias. 

Several  nam.rs  of  Welch  origin  have  been  contracted,  as 
Price  from  Ap-Rice,  Prichardfrom  Ap-Richard,  Powell  from 
Ap-IIowell,  andBowen  from  Ap-Owen. 

Though  the  foregoing  may  serve  to  explain  the  origin  of 
many  names,  yet  it  is,  says  Camden,  "  a  matter  of  great  dif- 
ficulty to  bring  them  all  to  certain  heads,  when,  as  our  lan- 
guage is  so  greatly  altered,  so  many  new  names  are  daily 
brought  in  by  aliens,  as  French,  Scotch,  Irish,  Welch,Dutch, 
&«^.,  and  so  many  old  words  worn  out  of  use." 


Original  Letters,  341 

'^But  no  man,  whomsoever,  is  to  be  disliked  in  respect 
either  of  original,  or  of  signification,  fur  neither  the  good 
names  do  grace  the  bad,  neither  do  evil  names  disgrace  tiie 
good.  In  all  countries,  both  good  and  bad  have  been  of  the 
same  surnames,  whicji,  as  they  particiiwte  one  with  the  oth 
er  in  glory,  so  sometimes  in  shame.  Therefore,  for  ances- 
tors, parentage  and  namcs,let  eveiy  man  say  zix  ea  nostra  vo- 
co.  Time  hath  intermingled  and  confused  all,  and  we  are  all 
come  to  this  present,  by  successive  variable  descents,  from 
liigh  and  low  ;  oi',  more  plainly,  the  low  are  descended  from 
the  high,  and  contrariwise,  the  high  from  low." 


Letter  from  Col.  Thornton,  Delec^atejrom  JV\  H.  to  the  Conti- 
nental Congress,  to  the  Hon.  Meshech  Weahe. 

Baltimore,  ^Sd  January,  A.  D.  1777. 

Ho?JORET)  Sir — October  15th,  left  home,  and  experienced 
the  truth  of  the  following  lines  ; 

boon  varying"  nature  shifteth  every  scene, 

Ronjh  ways  succeed  the  smooth,  storms  the  serene,  &c. 

Arrived  at  Philadelphia,  the  3d  of  November.  The  Sth, 
was  innoculatcd  for  the  Small  Pox  ;  and  during  our  confine- 
ment, we  had  the  honor  to  be  attended  by  Dr.  Cash,  Dr. 
Surly,  Dr.  Critical  Observer,  Dr.  Gay,  and  Dr.  Experience,  in 
the  following  order,  viz  : 

Between  the  hours  of  10  and  11,  A.  M.,  Dr.  Cash,  "  hovs 
is''t  Sir  and  jMaiVm,"'  and  whatever  our  complaints  were,  iiis 
answer  was,  "  all  ^s  pretty,''''  and  vanished  in  a  second.  He 
was  the  operator,  and  for  a  few  days,  visited  us  as  above  ; 
and  we  saw  no  more  of  him,  till  I  paid  his  bill  of  18 
dollars.  Dr.  Surly  came  two  or  three  times  each  day  as  a 
friend,  viewed  us  through  his  glasses,nnd  then,with  a  smiling 
grin,  softly  said,  '■^  ichat,  no  worse  yet  ?  this  is  bnt  trijling  to 
zvhatyou  zvill  feel,  before  all  is  over.'"'  ])r.  Critical  Observer,  a 
young  doctor,  that  told  me  he  would  critically  observe  every 
stage  of  the  Small  Pox  in  us,  to  gain  experience,  came  once 
in  two  or  three  days,  and  stayed  about  a  minute  each  time. 
Dr.  Gay,  a  young  doctor,  that  came  as  a  friend  two  or  three 
times  every  day,  tripped  roimd  and  sung  a  tunc,  and  told  us 
"  all  would  end  well.'''*     Dr.  Experience,  a  merchant,  who  has 


342  Original  Letters, 

had  the  Small  Fox,  visited  us  every  day,  and  gave  a  much 
truer  account  of  the  Small  Pox,  than  all  the  doctors. 

Soon  after  we  got  about,  the  news  oi  Howe's  army,  on 
their  march  to  Philadelphia,  induced  the  Congress  to  ad- 
journ to  this  town,  where  the  man  with  boots  has  very  great 
advantages  of  a  man  with  shoes.  The  carriages  arc  stop- 
ped by  the  depth  of  the  mire  in  the  middle  of  the  street. — 
The  ladies,  with  silk  gowns  and  shoes,  mak^  a  fine  lifiire. — 
From  [the  time]  we  left  home,  the  praj'^crs  and  graces  be- 
came shorter  evi  ry  stagr^,  uutil  we  hear  neither.  The  reli- 
gion is,  take  all  advantage,  pay  your  debt,  and  do  as  you 
please. 

By  the  assistance  of  my  woi'thy  colleague  and  good 
friends,  we  obtained  a  grant  of  100,000  dollars,  which  we 
send  per  the  bearer,  and  are  obliged  to  detain  hira  till  the 
Massachusetts  money,  &c.,  is  ready.  Pray,  Sir,  take  the 
trouble  to  present  my  compliments  and  thanks  to  the  Hon. 
Council  and  House,  for  the  late  unmerited  additional  hon- 
our of  beginning  my  appointment  the  23d  of  January,  and 
inform  them  that  my  constitution  and  circumstances  oblige 
me  humbly  to  ask  leave  to  return  home  next  spring.  The 
necessity  of  having  good  men  in  Congress  is  so  evident,  that 
I  shall  only  beg  they  may  be  sent  in  time.  For  public 
news,  I  must  refer  you  to  the  bearer.  The  Congress  are 
doing  all  in  their  power  to  procure  assistance,  foreign  and 
domcstick.  May  God  give  success.  Wisdom  to  the  Councils 
and  success  to  the  arms  of  America,  is  the  prayer  and  con- 
stant desire  of 

Sir,  your  most  obedient,  humble  Servant, 

MATTHEW  THORNTON. 

Hon.  Mcshech  Weare,  Esq. 

Pres.  of  the  Hon.  Council  of  N.  H. 

P.  S.  November  20th,  A.  D.  1776.  The  Congress  Re- 
solved that  there  be  immediately  undertaken  in  New-Hamp- 
shire, one  ship  of  74  guns  ;  one  do.  in  Massachusetts  Bay  ; 
one  74  do.  and  one  do.  of  36  do.  in  Pennsylvania ;  one  do. 
74,  do.  one  Frigate  of  1  8  do.  and  a  packet-boat  in  Virginia ; 
2  Frigates  of  36  do.  each,  in  Maryland  ;  2  do.  of  36  do. 
each. 

Twenty-third  January,  1777,  Resolved,  that  there  be  im- 
mediately built  in  Connecticut,  one  Frigate  of  36  guns,  and 
one  do.  of  28  do. 


Original  Letters,  343 


Letter  from  Col.  Whipple,  to  Col.  Peabody. 

Portsmouth,  2Gth  October,  1779. 

Mv  Dear  Sir — Please  to  accept  my  hearty  thanks  for 
your  favor  of  the  5ih  inst.  and  its  inclosures.  1  wish  1  had 
any  thing  entertaining  to  send  you  in  return  ;  but  as  that  is 
not  the  case,  1  know  you  will  take  the  nyillfor  the  deed. 

Is  Mr.  Gerard's  visit  to  Camp  really  to  concert  measures 
for  military  operations  ?  or  is  it  to  wear  away  time  for  some 
other  purposes  ? 

We  are  continually  amused  with  reports  of  Count  D'Es- 
taing's  being  at  the  Hook,&c.-but  I  fear  we  shall  have  no  con- 
firmation of  those  reports. — The  front-street  battle  must  cause 
great  confusion  in  the  cit3^,butl  hope  it  will  not  disturl)  the  re- 
pose of  your  house.  I  have  not  yet  been  to  Exeter,wherc  the 
General  Court  is  noro  sitting,  but  purpose  going  thither  this 
week. I  understand  a  deputation  from  this  Stale  is  gone  toHart. 
ford,  there  to  meet  deputies  from  several  other  States.  I  am 
not  informed  fully  of  the  design  of  this  convention,  but  un- 
derstand it's  to  regulate  prices,  or  some  such  nonsense.  1 
wish  to  be  informed  whether  Congress  have  re-assumed  the 
lousiness  of  finance,  and  what  more  is  likely  to  be  done  in 
that  way.  I  shall  also  take  it  as  a  favor,  if  j^ou  will  inform 
me,  from  time  to  timf^,  w  hat  emissions  are  ordered.  I  have 
an  account  of  them,  to  the  16th  of  July  last,  including  that 
date  :  there  were  further  emissions  ordered,  before  I  left 
Congress,  which  I  omitted  taking. 

I  am  very  sorry  for  your  indisposition  ;  but  if  it's  noth- 
ing more  than  just  to  keep  you  from  church,  1  hope  you  are 
not  dangerously  ill. 

W'hat  is  become  of  Gen.  Sullivan  ?  has  he  joined  the 
Grand  Army,  or  is  he  still  hunting  the  Indians  ?  Your  friend 
H.,  of  Exeter,  I  hear,  is  under  arrest,  or  something  like  it, 
for  evil  communications.  Col.  Atkinson  had  taken  his  de- 
parture for  the  world  of  spirits,  some  time  before  1  got  home. 
He  has  left  jMr.  King  in  full})os?ession  of  his  estate,  real  and 
personal,  a  few  very  trifling  legacies  excepted. 

I  am,  very  sincerely,  yours, 

W.  WHIPPLE. 
Hon.  Nathaniel  Peabody,  Esq. 

Member  of  Congress,  Philadelphia. 


344  J\''oticc  of  Robert  Bowman. 

TO  THE  EDITORS  OF  THE  MONTHLY  LITERARY  JOURNAL. 


Gentlemen^ — In  the  10th  No.  of  your  Journal,  is  mention 
ed  the  death  of  Robert  Bowman,  of  Ithrington,  at  the  ad- 
vanced age  of  1 1 8  years.  Having  in  my  possession  a  par- 
ticular account  of  this  wonderful  man,  I  send  you  some  ex- 
tracts from  it,  which  may  perhaps  prove  interesting  to  the 
readers  of  your  valuable  Journal.     Yours,  &c.     J.  F.  D. 

Hanover,  October  10,  1823. 

Mr.  Robert  Bowman,  of  Ithrington,  in  Cumberland,  was 
born  at  Bridgewood-Foot,  near  the  river  Ithring  ;  his  birth 
day  is  not  known,  but  his  great  age  is  beyond  dispute,  and 
appears  from  the  parish  register  of  Hay  ton ;  his  name,  place 
of  nativity,  and  year  of  his  baptism  (1705)  are  legible  in 
the  register  ;  but  being  placed  at  the  foot  of  the  page,  the 
day  and  month  are  worn  out.  The  baptism  immediately  pre- 
ceding his,  is  "  Sept.  23  ;"  the  next  succeeding,  is  "Oct.  28," 
and  his,  of  course,  is  between  these  periods.  At  this  time, 
(Sept.  24,  1820,)  9nd  aged  115,  he  enjoys  good  health,is  con 
tented  and  cheerful.  He  is  of  middle  stature,  but  when 
young  was  rather  stout  and  very  strong  ;  was  fond  of  wrest- 
ling, and  considered  himself  an  adept  in  that  exercise  :  he 
always  joined  in  the  amusements  common  among  young 
people,  and  was  rather  partial  to  a  practice,  which  he  nov/ 
strongly  condemns,  viz.  cock-Jighting,  but  was  always  sober 
and  regular  in  his  conduct.  He  married  at  the  age  of  50, 
and  had  six  sons,  all  now  living,  the  eldest  59,  the  youngest 
47 ;  he  has  a  number  of  grand-children,  and  three  great- 
grand-children.  His  wife  died  in  1807,  aged  81.  His  sons 
pay  him  a  visit  annually,  on  some  convenient  day,  which, 
with  him,  is  a  day  of  great  rejoicing,  and  his  friends  in  the 
village  are  invited  to  meet  at  his  house  on  that  occasion.  Al- 
though the  hand  of  time  has  at  length  laid  him  prostrate,  yet 
his  constitution  is  unimpaired  ;  his  chest  is  large,  person 
well  proportioned  ;  the  texture  of  his  body  not  flabby,  but 
firm,  and  tm-hcn-point  ;  his  face  not  wrinkled,  but  smooth, 
plump,  round,  and  florid.  His  sight  is  good,  taste  unimpair- 
ed, and  sense  of  smell  and  hearing  uncommonly  acute  ;  his 
skin  soft  and  delicate,  and  hair,  originally  brown,  is  of  a 
silv.ery  white  ;  his  teeth  have  all  decayed,  and  have  been  so 
for  forty  years.  He  sleeps  soundly  during  the  night,  and 
occasionally  by  day.  For  six  years  past  he  has  been  con- 
fined to  his  bed,  but  can  move  all  his  limbs,  and  can  walk 
only  when  assisted   l)j  two  persons  ;  his  limbs  are  all  free 


J^oticc  of  Robert  Bowman.  345 

from  disease,  except  his  right  hand,  the  fingers  of  which  are 
contracted.  Tliis  he  attributes  to  an  injury  which  he  receiv- 
ed many  years  before  on  his  shoulder  joint. 

At  the  age  of  CIX,  he  walked  to  Carlisle,  (he  distance  of 
<eight  miles  from  his  residence,  and  returned  home  the  same 
day.*  Ke  frequently  took  a  stall' with  him,  but  seldom  used 
it,  generally  carrying  it  under  his  arm.  At  the  ago  of  CVllI, 
he  actually  hedged,  reaped,  made  hay,  mounting  on  the 
stacks,  &c.,  and  applied  himself  to  all  kinds  of  fr.rm  labor, 
and  was  as  he  himse'f  expressed  it,  ^'-always  a  top-zoorh/r.^'' 
He  first  took  to  his  bed  during  some  severe  cold  weather, 
not  in  consequence  of  any  indisposition,  but  on  account  of 
the  coldness  of  the  season,  and  has  preferred  his  bed 
since,  from  the  superior  comfort  it  affords.  He  was  never 
ill  but  twice  during  his  life  ;  when  very  young,  he  had  the 
measles,  and  at  the  age  of  one  hundred  and  upward,  had 
the  hooping  cough,  which  he  took  from  one  of  his  grand- 
children who  slept  with  him ;  he  has  frequently  met  with 
severe  accidents,  but  never  had  a  medical  attendant,  or  took 
a  dose  of  medicine  in  his  life.  If  he  got  wet  in  working 
abroad,he  seldom  ciiangrd  his  clothes,  but  used  to  thresh  in 
the  barn,  or  use  some  other  active  employment,  until  they 
became  dry;  he  never  used  tea  or  cotTee,  and  was  never  in- 
toxicated but  once,  when,  at  a  wedding,  some  people  decei- 
ved him  and  put  ardent  spirit  into  his  drink  ;  he  seldom 
drank  ale,  spirits  or  wine,  unless  at  a  wedding,  a  funeral, 
and  sometimes  at  market,  and  then  never  but  one  glass.  He 
gives  two  reasons  for  not  drinking  ;  he  did  not  like  intoxica- 
ting liquors,  and  did  like  his  money.  His  diet  is  milk, 
hasty-pudding,  broth,  bread,  potatoes,  eggs,  and  a  small 
quantity  of  animal  food  ;  his  clothing  plain  but  warm  ;  he 
was  not  regular  in  taking  his  meals,  or  in  going  to  sleep,  or 
in  rising  in  the  morning  ;  and  at  the  advanced  age  of  eighty, 
would  sleep  abroad  in  open  air.  His  pulse  is  68  in  a  min- 
ute, regular  and  strong  ;  nor  is  there  any  appearance  of  os- 
sification of  the  arteries — respiration  natural,  voice  strong 
and  unimpaired.  His  mental  faculties  are  unimpaired,772emo- 
ry  excellent,  but  not  with  regard  to  dates  ;  he  is  happy,  en- 
joys life,is  alive  to  every  thing  around  him,and  is  acquainted 
with  all  the  news  of  the  day.  He- never  used  tobacco,  or 
snuff;  he  "had  plenty  of  ways  of  getting  quit  of  his  money 
Tjci thou t  setting  Jire  to  it.'"' 

♦This  appears  almost  inorctliblr,  hut  T  s(ate  it  on  tbe  authority  ef  Dr. 
Barns,  Edinburgh  Piiilosophical  Journal,  from  whose  paper  these  ex,- 
tracts  are  made. 

44 


346  Essays  of  Cincinnalus. 

His  mind  has  bren  soldom   if  ever   affected   hy  anxious 
care,  restless  ambition  or  studious  liioiight  ;  his  lilc  hasbern 
a  life  of  industry  ;  his  pleasures  always  temperate  and  con-    3 
sequently  of  long  duration  ;  he  never  indulged    in    sensual   I 
gr:itific:Uions  or  committed  any   great  excesses.       Exercise. 
kmperance,  and  sinipUaly  of  diet  were  his  cardinal  virtues. 

'•  Abstinuil  venere  etavmo." — Hor. 
♦'  Though  I  look  old,  yet  I  am  strong  and  lusty  ; 
For  in  my  youth  I  never  did  apply 
Hat  and  rebellious  liquors  to  my  blood  ; 
Nor  did  I,  with  unbashful  forehead,  woo 
The  means  of  weakness  and  debility. — Shakspeare. 

There  is  a  remarkable  difference  betw  een  him  and  many 
or  most  old  people  :  he  is  cheerful,  good-humored  and  con- 
tented, and  does  not  complain  of  unpleasant  changes  in  the 
habits  and  manners  of  people  ;  a  complaint,  v,  hich  arises 
not  from  the  great  alteration  and  change  in  the  objects 
around  them,  but  from  a  change  in  the  senses  and  faculties 
of  those  who  utter  the  complaint. 

Mr.  Bowman  had  several  relatives  who  lived  to  good  old 
age  ;  a  brother  lived  to  the  age  of  99,  a  cousin  lived  to  the 
age  of  95,  and  another  is  now  living  who  is  83  years  old. 


FOR    THE    MONTHLY    LITERARY    JOURNAL. 


CINCINNATUS— No.  XCV. 

GOVERNMENT. 

The  Senate  of  the  United  States  is  composed  of  forty-eight 
members.  Whether  the  senators  shall  be  few  or  many,  depends 
altogether  upon  the  number  of  states  that  may  be  formed,  for 
in  making  the  apportionments,  no  regard  is  had  to  the  popula- 
tion or  wealth  of  the  respective  states.  The  smallest  state  has 
as  many  senators  as  the  largest,  each  state  having  two.  This 
principle  is  unequal ;  and  cannot  be  defended  either  by  the  rea- 
son and  nature  of  things,  or  its  practical  results.  If  we  consid- 
er the  population  and  wealth,  or  the  support  rendered  to  govern- 
ment, great  inequalities  must  alwaj^s  exist  between  the  different 
states.  There  is  now  one  state  in  the  Union  whose  population 
is  nearly  twenty-five  times  as  large,  and  its  wealth  more  than 
one  hundred  times  greater,  than  that  of  another  state.  It  is  an 
unequal  and  singular  system  that  allows  one  state  thirty-four  rep- 
resentatives and  only  two  senators,  whilst  another  state  is  enti- 
tled to  but  one  representative  and  yet  has  two  senators.    In  one 


Essays  of  Cincinnatus.  347 

Ciisc,  the  vote  of  a  single  representative  is  equal  to  two  senators; 
but  in  the  other,  the  vote  of  one  senator  is  eijual  to  seventeen 
representatives.  What  propriety  can  there  he,  that  the  number 
of  senators  from  Illinois  should  be  equal  to  those  from  New- 
York  ?  I  know  of  none.  The  large  states  are  not  entitled  to,  and 
cannot  receive,  any  equivalent  for  this  sacrifice.  It  does  not  in- 
crease the  number  of  representatives  in  the  house,  or  diminish 
its  proportion  of  direct  taxes  ;  both  of  these  are  apportioned 
according  to  the  population  of  each  state,  without  any  relation 
to  that  of  senators.  If  population  is  the  correct  princi})le  ("or 
representatives  and  taxes,  why  should  it  not  equally  apply  to 
senators?  Let  each  state,  however  small  its  population,  have 
one  senator,  and  fix  a  ratio  that  would  entitle  the  states  to  a  fur- 
ther number  of  senators  according  to  their  population,  provided 
the  whole  number  of  senators  should  never  exceed  one  tliird  of 
the  whole  number  of  representatives.  This  would  render  the 
principles  of  our  government  move  equal  and  unifoi^m.,  and  a  small 
increase  of  senators  would  give  the  senate  greater  weight  and 
inthionce,  and  more  freedom  in  negativing  such  proceedings  of 
the  house  as  may  appear  to  them  inexpedient  and  improper. 

Though  I  was  in  1788  a  zealous'advocate  for  the  adoption  of 
the  constitution  of  the  United  States,  1  never  approved  of  the 
principle  by  which  it  apportioned  senators,  or  the  number  to 
which  it  limited  the  senate;  but  such  was  the  state  of  the  nation 
at  that  time,  and  such  the  necessity  for  a  more  efficient  govern- 
ment than  then  existed,  as  would  have  justified  the  adoption  of 
a  constitution  much  less  perfect  than  the  one  we  now  enjoy. 
But  in  a  time  of  peace, and  when  the  spirit  of  party  has  subsided, 
is  the  proper  season  to  discuss  the  subject  ;  and  when  the  public 
mind  is  disposed,amend  and  render  that  excellent  constitution  still 
more  valuable.  There  are  a  few  other  defects  in  that  instru- 
ment, which  in  the  course  of  these  essays,  I  may  suggest  for 
consideration. 

I  now  proceed  to  make  some  remarks  upon  the  numbers  which 
are  most  suitable  ibr  state  legislatures.  I  know  of  no  nation  that 
has  so  many  legislators  (certainly  none  of  equal  population)  as 
we  have,  or  that  pays  so  much  for  legislation  as  we  do.  I  have 
taken  considerable  pains  to  ascertain  the  present  number  in  each 
state,  which  by  their  constitutions  they  may  elect,  and  in  many 
instances  actually  do;  and  though  I  will  not  vouch  for  the 
accuracy  of  my  information  in  some  of  the  states,  yet  I  belieA'e 
it  is  substantially  correct.  It  appears,  that  the  several  state  leg- 
islatures consist  of  five  hundred  fifty-nine  senators,and  three  thou- 
sand one  hundred  ninety-eight  representatives.  To  these  we  must 
add  the  senators,  representatives,  and  delegates  in  Congress, 
amounting  in  all  to  tour  thousand  and  twenty-four  legislators  !  A 
number  more  than  equal  to  two  thirds  of  the  army  of  the  United 
States.  The  expense  of  such  a  host  of  legislators  is  very  great 
— an  object  worthy  of  consideration,  when  we  deliberate  upon 
the  number  of  which  a  legislature  ought  to  be  composed.     This 


348  Essays  of  Cincinnatus. 

expense  will  be  more  particularly  stated  when  1  consider  the 
salaries  and  compensations  granted  to  the  officers  of  our  govern- 
ment. 

In  my  opinion,  the  best  number  for  the  popular  branch  of  our 
state  legislatures,  except  in  small  states,  is  one  hundred,  and  the 
senate  one  fourth  of  that  number.  That  number  would  give 
three  thousand  state  legislators,  which  is  seven  hundred  tifty- 
seven  less  than  the  present  number.  The  constitutions  of  the 
several  states  make  various  and  diftercnt  provisions  on  this  sub- 
ject. In  twelve  of  the^tates,  the  number  of  their  representa- 
tives is  limited  ;  in  onelstate  at  forty,  one  at  My,  one  at  seventy- 
two,  six  at  one  hundred,  one  at  one  hundred  twenty-four,  one  at  I 
one  hundred  twenty-eight,  and  one  at  two  hundred.  Nine  of  j 
the  states  are  limited  by  the  number  either  of  their  counties  or 
towns  ;  and  three  of  the  states,  New-Hampshire,  Massachusetts 
and  Vermont,  are  limited  only  by  their  population.  In  four- 
teen of  the  states,  the  representatives  cannot  exceed  one  hund- 
red, and  in  sixteen  cannot  extend  to  one  hundred  and  thirty. 

In  several  of  the  states  the  house  of  representatives  is  too 
numerous.and  the  senators  too  few.  InNew-Hampshire,there  is 
more  than  two  hundred  in  the  House,  but  the  senate  cannot  ex- 
ceed twelve.  So  small  a  number  of  senators  may  subject  a  state 
to  serious  inconvenience.  The  death,  resignation,  or  absence 
of  t^vo  or  three  senators  may  embarrass  their  proceedings,  and 
obstruct  the  course  of  public  business.  In  1816,  two  of  the 
New-Hampshire  senators  resigned,  and  the  vacancies  could  no\t 
be  filled,  because  in  the  districts  which  elected  those  two  there 
were  no  consiitutional  candidates  nominated  by  the  people  to  fill 
those  vacancies.  If  such  an  event  should  occur  when  the  spirit 
of  party  bears  rule,  the  secession  of  three  senators  would  reduce 
thd  number  to  seven,  and  the  assent  of  five  of  them  would  be 
necessary  to  render  their  acts  and  proceedings  valid.  Such  a 
secession  was  threatened  in  1816,  and  but  for  one  man,  it  is  prob- 
able, would  have  been  executed.  So  small  a  senate  will  seldom, 
if  ever,  prove  such  a  salutary  check  upon  the  house  as  the  con- 
stitution contemplated.  It  is  to  be  hoped,  that  when  the  period 
shall  arrive  for  submitting  the  question  for  the  revision  of  the 
constitution,  that  they  will  reduce  the  number  of  representatives, 
and  Jucrease  that  of  senators,  and  also  modify  the  mode  of  elect- 
ing them. 

In  a  preceding  number,I  stated  briefly,  but  with  precision,  the 
various  subjects  upon  which  the  national  and  state  legislatures 
have  authority  to  make  laws.  But  they  may  on  those  subjects 
transcend  the  limits  which  sound  policy  requires,  and  unnecessa- 
rily encroach  upon  the  rights  and  interests  of  individuals,and  that 
without  promoting  the  public  welfare.  The  power  given  Con- 
£Tess  to  regulate  commerce,  was  never  intended  to  give  them 
authority  to  destroy  commerce,  or  make  such  regulations  as 
would  embarrass  and  perplex  it,  and  virtually  amount  either  to 
a  partial  or  total  prohibition.     The  purpose  for  which  they  were 


Essays  of  Cmcinnatns.  349 

Tested  with  power  to  impose  duties  upon  imports,  was  to  raise 
a  I'cvenue  to  support  government,  jlefend  tiic  nation,  and 
pay  the  public  debt ;  but  not  to  build  up  manufacturers,  artizans, 
or  any  other  class  of  people,  at  the  expense  of  the  n;ition,or  to  the 
prejudice  and  injury  of  individuals.  JN  or  have,  either  Congress  or 
tJie  state  legislatures,  any  rightful  authority  to  interfere  in  the  pri- 
vate business  and  concerns  of  individuals,  or  the  management  of 
their  alTairs;  and  whenever  legislators  have  attempt(_'d  such  an  in- 
terference, they  have  usually  injured  some  other  portion  of  the 
community,  and  sometimes  those  they  intended  to  henetit.  Per- 
sons who  arc  directly  interested  in  a  particular  branch  of  busi- 
ness, and  who  have  devoted  their  lives  to  the  pursuit,  understand 
and  manage  it  nnich  better,  both  for  themselves  and  the  commu- 
nity, than  a  legislature  can,  though  it  is  often  ditlicuU  to  convince 
legislators  of  the  fact,  or  dissuade  them  fi-om  interfering. 
"  There  are,"  says  Bentham,  "  two  points  in  politics  very  hard 
to  compass.  One  is  to  persuade  legislators  that  they  do  not  un- 
derstand shocmaking  better  than  shoemakers  ;  the  other  is  to  per- 
suade shoemakers  that  they  do  not  understand  legislating  better 
than  legislators.  The  latter  point  is  particularly  difl^icult  in  our 
dear  country;  but  the  other  is  the  hardest  of  all  hard  things  ev- 
ery where." 

The  laws  which  legislators  make,  ought  to  be  founded  in  such 
sound  principles  of  equity  and  justice,  as  to  make  it  the  interest 
of  the  great  body  of  the  people  strictly  and  literally  to  obey, 
not  violate  them.  But  when  laws  are  severe,  encroach  upon  the 
rights,  or  unnecessarily  restrain,  the  freedom  of  individuals,  ev- 
ery art  will  be  practised  to  evade  them,  till  they  tall  into  con- 
tempt, and  eventually  become  obsolete.  Every  man  acquainted 
with  our  statutes  can  refer  to  too  many  of  this  nature.  Such 
laws  are  not  merely  vscless — they  weaken,  and  ultimately  des- 
troy the  respect,  esteem,  and  conhdence  which  the  people  other- 
wise would  have  for  those  statutes  that  are  wholesome  and  ne- 
cessary. When  legislators  enact  statutes  which  diminish  the 
veneration  and  esteem  of  the  people  tor  the  laws,  they  inflict 
a  serious  evil  upon  the  community — they  weaken  the  ties,  and 
break  one  of  the  strong  pillars  which  unite  and  support  society 
and  government  itself. 

If  we  expect  to  see  virtue  flourish  in  a  nation,  we  must  look 
for  it  in  the  nature  of  its  government,  and  the  justice,  equity, 
and  fitness  of  its  laws.  It  is  a  melancholy  fact,  which  all  ages 
and  countries  confirm,  that  human  laws  impose  the  greatest  re- 
straint upon  wicked  men,  and  afford  the  most  certain  security 
against  their  violence.  Though  the  principle  of  honor,  the  mor- 
al sense,  and  religious  considerations,  are  soflicient  to  restrain 
the  better  portion  of  mankind  from  the  commission  of  wrong, 
they  are  not  of  themselves  able  to  withhold  the  wicked  and 
abandoned  from  committing  depredations  upon  the  property,  and 
violence  against  the  persons  ol"  others.  Nothing  but  the  laws, 
and  those  slrirlly  executed,  can  restrain  wicked  men,    of  which 


350  Essays  of  Cincinnatus.  \ 

there  are  too  many  in  every  country.  This  consideration  ren- 
ders it  peculiarly  necessary  that  the  laws  for  the  punishment  of 
offenders  should  he  so  just  and  rational,  as  to  interest  the  feelings 
of  every  good  man  to  lend  his  aid  in  carrying  them  into  Execu- 
tion. But  if  the  laws  against  crimes  and  offences  are  too  sanguin- 
arv,  or  too  severe  and  penal,  the  better  feelings  of  the  human 
heart  will  revolt  against  them,  and  the  laws  themselves  will  have 
no  good  effect :  they  will  not  be  executed.  Though  the  crime 
maj  not  be  forgotten,  yet  pity  and  compassion  for  the  offender 
will  extenuate  his  guilt,  and  judges,  jurors,  and  even  witnesses, 
will  be  acute  in  devising  means  to  effect  his  acquittal.  Many  in- 
stances have  occurred  where  jurors  have  acquitted,  where  they 
would  have  found  the  accused  guily,  if  the  law  had  not  been  so  j 
severe.  No  law  can  be  carried  into  effect  against  the  common 
and  prevalent  opinion  of  the  people.  It  is  therefore  extremely 
impolitic,  as  well  as  cruel,  for  the  law  to  impose  penalties  and 
punishments  for  crimes  and  offences  thftl  are  more  sanguinary  and 
excessive  than  the  offences  require.  "  All  penalties,"  sajs  the 
New-llampshirc  constitution,  "  ought  to  be  proportioned  to  the 
nature  of  the  offence.  No  wise  legislator  will  aliix  the  same 
punishment  to  the  crimes  of  theft,  forgery,  and  the  like,  which 
they  do  to  those  of  murder  and  treason  ;  where  the  same  undis- 
tinguishing  severity  is  exerted  against  all  offences,  the  people  are 
led  to  forget  the  real  distinction  in  the  crimes  themselves,  and 
to  commit  the  most  flagrant  with  as  little  compunction  as  they 
do  the  lightest  offences  :  for  the  same  reason  a  multitude  of  san- 
guinary laws  is  both  impolitic  and  unjust.  The  true  design  of 
all  punishment  being  to  reform,  not  to  exterminate  mankind." 

Within  a  (ew  years,  a  milder  and  more  rational  system  of  crim- 
inal law  has  been  established  in  this  and  several  other  states. 
Confinement  and  hard  labor,  where  the  convict  by  his  services 
may  make  some  atonement  for  the  injury  he  has  done  society, 
has  been  substituted  for  the  pillory,  branding,  and  the  whipping- 
post. How  this  milder  system  will  succeed,  time  and  experience 
will  determine  ;  but  wherever  it  has  been  judiciously  carried  in- 
to effect,  it  has  not  disappointed  the  expectations  of  rational  and 
well  informed  men,  though  it  has  those  v/ho  expected  it  would 
prove  an  effectual  reformation  to  the  worst  of  men. 
The  subject  of  making  laws  will  be  further  considered. 

CINCINNATUS. 
September  27,  1823. 


Arsenical  Cobalt  ore,  has  been  found  abundantly  at  Fran- 
conia,  crystallized  in  8dra,  the  solid  angles  of  which  are 
deeply  truncated. 

A  company  is  engaged  in  exploring  the  vein  of  copper 
©re  at  Franconia,  with  flattering  prospects  of  success. 

J.  F.  D. 


(  351   ) 


The  MassachuseUs  Wisloncal  Socichj  have  jt-ist  publislicd 
the  tvventi(  til  volume  of  their  Ilistorii^al  Collectioius.  The 
contents  are  as  follow  : — A  memoir  o("  the  Hon  Joshua 
Thomas,  of  Plymouth,  who  was  an  early  member  of  the  so- 
ciety, and  died  in  Jan.  1821 — An  account  of  three  cases  of 
pretend(^d  witchcraft  in  the  year  1720,  at  Little'on,  by  the 
Rev.  Mr.  Turcll,  of  Medford — A  list  of  the  B.epresen«.a- 
tives  of  the  town  of  Boston,  from  1634.  to  1784 — A  letter 
from  Dr.  Isaac  Watts,  to  a  friend  in  Mew-England,  dated 
May  8,  1734,  which  was  found  in  a  book  beloniiing  to  the 
library  of  Harvard  College — A  topographical  description 
of  Cumraington — Notices  of  the  effects  of  the  gale  of  Sept. 
23,  1815,  in  Barnstable  County — Cliurches  and  ministers  in 
Dunstable  and  Litchfield,  New-Hampshire — Notes  on  Dux- 
bury — Description  and  history  of  Bosc  iwen,  N.  H.— A  bio- 
graphical notice  of  the  Hon.  James  Wiiitbropf  who  died  at 
Cambridge  in  Sept.  1821 — Dr.  Edwards'  observations  on 
the  Mohegan  language,  with  an  introduction,  copious  notes, 
and  several  subsidiary  ariicles  relative  to  the  Indian  langua- 
ges, by  the  Hon.  John  Pickering — An  obituary  notice  of 
Professor  Peck — Memoirs  of  AVilliam  Blackstone,  the  first 
settler  in  Boston — The  meaning  of  the  aboriginal  word 
Shazvnut — Note  on  the  Spring  of  Boston — List  of  persons 
who  have  died  in  New-ILampshire  over  a  hundred  years 
old — Four  ancient  letters  from  a  large  collection  of  manu- 
scripts, formerly  in  possession  of  Gov.  Hutchinson,  and 
lately  deposited  with  the  Historical  Society — Donations  to 
the  Library  acknowledged — and  a  list  of  members  elected 
since  the  publication  of  the  first  volume. — There  is  also  a 
perfect  index  to  the  last  ten  volumes.  It  contains  aluminous 
reference  to  every  thing  contained  in  them,  and  occupies 
200  pages. 


Messrs.  Flagg  &  Gould,  of  Andover,  have  issued  propo- 
sals for  publishing  a  Greek  and  English  Lexicon  of  the 
New-Testament,  translated  from  the  Latin  and  German  work 
of  Wahl,  published  at  Leipsic  in  1822;  by  Mr.  Edward 
Robinson,  Assistant  Instructor  in  the  department  of  Sacred 
Literature,  in  the  Theological  Seminary  at  Andover. 

Professor  Stuart  has  just  published  the  second  edition  of 
kis  Hebrew  Grammar. 


352  Meteorology, 

Robert  Walsh,  jun.  Esq.  has  issued  proposals  for  publish- 
ing by  subscription,  a  Historical  Dictionary  of  Eminent 
Americans.  The  Prospectus  contains  the  following  para- 
graph. "  To  prevent  misapprehension  and  disarm  political 
prejudice,  the  Editor  emphatically  states,  that  he  aims  at 
furnishing  a  record  of  simple  incidents  ;  of  meritorious  ser- 
vices and  laudable  qualities — he  will  use  no  colouring  of 
party,  admit  no  invidious  interpretations,  enter  into  no  dis- 
cussions, and  abstain  from  all  reflections,  except  those  which 
may  tend  to  increase  the  efficacy  of  bright  example."  It  is 
hoped  that  such  a  work,  undertaken  with  such  views,  will 
receive  every  encouragement. 

New-Hampshire  Reports. — Now  in  press  of  J.  B.  Moore, 
Concord,  Vol.  II., Reports  of  Decisions  in  the  Superior  Court 
of  New-Hampshire. 


i^ctcorologg. 


Meteorological  Observations,  bv  J.  F.  Dana. 

The  following  table  exhibits  the  results  of  thermometric 
observations,  made  at  Hanover  and  at  Portsmouth,  N.  H,, 
during  the  yea''  1822.  The  observations  at  Hanover  were 
made  at  10  o'clock  morning  and  evening,  as  it  appears  from 
a  series  of  observations  made  for  the  purpose,that  the  mean 
of  observations  made  at  those  hours,  approaches  nearer 
the  mean  of  the  extremes  of  heat  and  cold,  as  ascertained 
by  the  self-registering  thermometer,  than  those  made  at  oth- 
er times  of  the  day. 

The  Thermometer  employed  at  H.,  is  one  of  W.  and  S. 
Jones'  best  kind,  and  has  been  compared  with  a  standard 
thermometer,  made  by  Troup;hton,  in  my  possession  ;  it  is 
suspended  about  five  feet  from  the  ground,  in  a  northern  ex- 
posure, and  about  160  feet  above  Connecticut  river. 

The  observations  at  Portsmouth  were  made  at  four  differ- 
ent times  of  the  day,  viz.,  at  7,  A.  M.,  and  at  1,  6,  9,  P.  M., 
and  are  copied  from  the  N.  H.  Register,  for  1823.  It  is  ev- 
ident that  no  other  information  can  be  derived  from  a  com- 
parative view  of  the  '•  Greatest  Observed  Height,"  at  two 
places,  than  simply  the  fact,  whether  the  greatest  elevation 
occurred  in  both  places  on  the  same  da<^.  since  the  observa- 
tions at  Portsmouth  were  made  near  mid  day. 


Meteorology. 


363 


V 

V 

s» 

r 

C!l 

1 

r 

o 

o 

IT 

:?     1   1 

n 

3 

•^ 

1^ 

o 

o 

■-a 

cr 

-I 

g 

o 

'^ 

c- 

» 

ly 

2 

riS' 

a. 

re 

-1 

" 

a^ 

re 

PI 


354 


Meteorology. 


TABLE  II. 

Showing  the  monthly  mean  temperature,  at  Hanover  ann 
at  Portsmouth,  1822. 


Jan. 

Fck 

Mar.  April. 

May. \  June, 

Juhj.\Avg. 

Sejit_  Oc/.|JV(w.    Bee. 

H^iiovtT.      13.46 

21 

25 

32.51  44.  2-2 

38       45 

59-23  70.67^ 
6\~~   66~ 

72.83j69.5 
70      |G7 

62.47    46  32.39  22.88 

Porlsmo'th.  18 

65          52  141 

TABLE  III. 

Showing  the  annual  results  of  thermometric  observations, 
at  Hanover  and  at  Portsmouth,  1822. 


Hanover. 

Portsmouth. 

Greatest  observed  height 

90    June  1st, 

88  June   16,  July  7  and 
August  11th. 

Least  ob.served  height                            20*  January  5th 

12*  Januarv  14th 

iVle-,ii>  of  observ'd  annual  extremes      35 

34 

Annual  mean                                            45  62 

48.9 n  months 

Annual  rani,e 

110^ 

100° 

Warmest  day 

June  1st,  average  81° 

July  20,  average  80.   75 

Coldest  day                                          "Jan.  5,  averag;e  19* 

Jan.  5,  average  7.5* 

*  Below  Zero. 

It  appears,  from  the  above  tables,  that  the  thermometer 
rises  higher  and  falls  lower  at  Hanover  than  at  Portsmouth, 
or  that  the  temperature  at  the  latter  place  is  more  equable  ; 
and  this  depends,  without  doubt,  on  the  influence  of  the 
ocean,  which  prevents  great  excess  of  cold  and  heat. — The 
annual  mean  temperature  at  Portsmouth,  is  also  a  little  great- 
er than  at  Hanover. 

It  will  be  noticed^  also,  that  excepting  in  the  months  of 
February,  March,  September  and  November,  that  there  the 
mean  of  the  observed  monthly  extremes  corresponds  very 
nearly  with  the  monthly  mean,  in  the  observations  made  at 
Hanover,  at  10  o'clock  morning  and  evening,  and  more  near» 
ly  than  in  those  made  at  Portsmouth,  at  7,  A.  M.,  and  1, 
7,  9,  P.  M. — a  fact  which  is  in  perfect  coincidence  with  the 
results  of  the  experiments  made  for  the  purpose  of  ascertain- 
ing the  best  times  of  day  for  making  meteorological  obser- 
vations, and  which  is  found  to  be  at  10  o'clock,  morning  and 
evening.  I'  is  a  dcskleratum^  that  those,  who  do  not  possess 
sell-registering  thermometers,  and  who  cannot  consequently 
give  us  the  actual  extremes  of  temperature,  should  make 
their  observations  at  those  hours,  whose  mean  results  ap-> 
proach  nearest  to  the  mean  of  the  actual  extremes. 


Meteorology,  ^c. 


353 


TABLE  IV. 

Exhibiting  the  monthly  results  of  Barometrical  observa- 
tions, made  at  Hanover,  in  1 8'22. 

The  Barometer,  used  in  makins:  these  observations,  is  a 
Mountain  Baromcter,of  Sir  H.  En^lefiold's  construction,  and 
was  made  by  I'homas  Jones,  a  pupil  of  Mr.  Ramsden. — 
The  observations  were  made  at  10  o'clock,  morning  and 
evening. 


Jan. 
20o0~ 

Feb. 

March. 

1  jlpril. 

May. 

June. 
19.930 
29.126 

Greatest  observed  hei<;ht. 

29.942 
28.900 
29.421 
29.132-f- 

30  020  29.850 
28.980  28.822 

30.057 
29.110 

Least  observed  hcif^ln. 

23.951 

Mean  of  observM  e.xtrenies. 

29.405 

29.50 
29.39 

U  29.336 
~i  29.522 

29.583 

29.528 

Monthly  mean. 

29.321-f 
0.899 

29.469 

29.586+ 

MoiH.hly  ran!;e. 

1.042 

l,040l   1.020 

0.947       0.804     j 

July.    1 
29.950 
29.380 

Avg. 
29.940 

Sept. 

Oct. 

JVov. 

Dec. 

Greatest  oliserved  height. 

30.026 
29.232 

29  869 

30.146 

30.204 

Least  obseived  heiibt. 

29.350 
29.645 

29.003      '29.112 

29.124 

Mean  of  observ'd  extremes. 

29.665 

29.629 
29.643 

29.438-f|29.63) 

29.660 
29.665 

Monthly  mean. 

29.618 

29.526 

29.584      J29.680 

Monthly  range. 

0.550    '  0.590 

( 

).794    1 

0.861      '   1.034 

1.080 

TABLE   V. 

Shewing  the  results  of  observations  made  with  Barometer, 
at  Hanover,  1822. 


Greatest  observed  lieight. 

30.204,  December  16th. 

Least  observed  hei2:nt. 

23.822,  April  14tb. 

Mean  of  observed  extremes.     1       29.513. 

.\nniial  mean.          '                     1       29.588. 

Anniial  tanae.                                1          1.482. 

List  of  the  Counsellors  and  Representatives  %n  New-Hampshire- 

in  1767. 
Under  the  Royal  government  of  New-Hampshire,  though 
we  had  the  privilege  of  electing  the  house  of  representa- 
tives, the  governor  was  appointed  by  the  King. — There  was 
a  council  consisting  of  twelve  with  the  lieutenant  governor, 
of  which  the  governor  had  a  right  to  negative  the  choice  of 
anyone  who  was  objectiona])le  in  his  view,  or  did  not  ap- 
pear in  the  frivor  of  the  prerogative.  The  last  royal  gov- 
ernor of  New-Hampshire  was  John  Wentworth,  vv^ho  died 
at  Halifax  on  the  8th  of  April,  1820.  It  may  afibrd  .some 
jntere.st  to  give  a  list  of  his  council  in  the  year  1767,  togeth- 
er with  the  names  of  those  who  were  representatives  that  vear. 


356 


Counsellors  and  Representatives  in  1767. 


Council. 

Hon,  Theodore  Atkinson,     Hon. 
Daniel  Warner, 
M.  H.  Wentworth, 
James  Nevin, 
Theodore  Atkinson,  jr. 
Nathaniel  Barret. 


Peter  Liviu?, 
Jonathan  Warner, 
Daniel   Rindge, 
Daniel  Pierce, 
G.  Jaffrey,  Esqrs. 


House. 


Portsmouth^ 


Dover, 

Hampton, 

Hampton-Falls, 
Exeter, 

New-Castle  and  Rye, 

Kingston, 

JVewington, 

Stratham, 

Londonderry, 

Greenland, 

Durham, 

New-Market, 

South-Hump  ton, 

Chester, 

Plaistow, 

Salem  and  Pelham, 

Somersworth, 

Hollis  and  Dunstable, 

Merrimack  &  Monson, 

Nottingham-  West  and 

Litchfield, 

Kensington, 

Rochester, 

Barrington, 

Amherst  and  Bedford, 


William  Parker,  Esq. 

John  S.  Sherburne,  Esq. 

Jacob  Sheafe. 

Thomas  W.  Waldron,  Esq. 

Capt.  Howard  Henderson, 

Col.  J.  Mouhon, 

Christopher  Toppan,  Esq. 

M.  Weare,  Esq.  [er. 

Hon.  Peter  Oilman,  who  was  speak- 

Mr.  John  Giddings, 

Thomas  Ball,  Esq. 

Richard  Jenness,  Esq. 

Josiah  Bartlett,  Esq. 

Richard  Downing,  Esq. 

Andrew  Wiggin,  Esq. 

Col,  S,  Barr. 

Col.  C,  March, 

Dr.  Eben.  Thompson. 

J.  Burley. 

Capt.  E.Merrill. 

John  Webster,  Esq. 

Capt.  Jonathan  Carlton. 

Major  Joseph  Wright. 

Col.  John  Wentworth. 

John  Hale,  E.sq. 

Capt.  John  Chamberlain. 

James  Underwood. 
Ezekiel  Worthen. 
James  Knowles. 
Jonathan  Church. 
Col.  John  Goffe. 


In  1748,  there  were  represented  in  the  province  of  New- 
Hampshire,  only  14  towns,  hy  20  representatives  ;  in  1767, 
there  were  31  towns  represented  by  an  equal  number  of 
members,  some  sending  two  or  three,  and  others  being  clas- 
sed for  sending  one.  At  the  present  time  we  have  about  200 
representatives. 


DECEMBER,    1823. 


HON.  ROGER  SHERMAN. 

This  gentleman  was  much  distinguished  for  his  public  ser- 
vices Hnd  the  iinportant  offices  he  held  during  an  interesting 
period  of  our  history.  He  is  generally  known  as  being  one 
of  the  si-'ners  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence. 

He  \v  !S  a  descendant  of  the  fourth  generation  from  Rev. 
John  Sheimm,  an  eminent  minister  of  Watertown,  Mass., 
who  was  horn  at  Dedham,  in  England,  December  26th,  1613, 
and  came  to  this  country  in  1634. —  By  two  wives,  the  last 
of  whom  was  a  i^ranJ-daughler  of  the  Earl  of  Rivers,  he  had 
twenty-six  children.*  Rev.  Mr.  Sherman  died  August  8, 
IGBj,  aged  72.  The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  the  son  of 
William  Sherman,  a  farmer  in  moderate  circumstances,  who 
resided  in  Newton,  Mass.  and  was  born  in  that  town,  April 
I9ih,  1721. 

His  advantages  as  to  education  were  very  limited;  hav- 
in^;  attended  only  at  a  common  English  school.  In  1743,  he 
removed  to  New-Milford  in  Connecticut.  Several  years 
after  this,  he  applied  himself  to  the  study  of  law,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  in  1754.  The  next  year,  he  was  ap- 
pointed a  justice  of  the  peace,  and  soon  after,  a  represent- 
ative in  the  General  Assembly.  In  17G1,  he  removed  to 
New-Hiven.  From  this  time  his  reputation  was  rapidly  ris- 
ing; and  he  soon  ranked  among  the  first  men  in  the  State. 

His  knowledgf^  of  the  human  character,  his  sagacious  and 
penetrating  mind,  his  general  political  views,  and  his  accu- 
rate and  just  observation  of  passing  events,  enabled  him  on 

*  Mrs.  Sherman,  the  last  wife  of  Rev.  Mr.  S.,  was  daughter  of  Mr.  Launce. 
"  a  puritan  gentleman  whose  lanrls  in  Cornwall  yielded  him  j£l400  a  year."  He 
was  a  mf^rnber  of  tlie  Biitish  Parliament.  His  wife  was  daui^hterof  Lord  Darcy, 
tarl  of  Rivers.  Mrs.  Sherman  was  the  mother  of  20  children.  After  the  death  of 
Mr.  Si-erman,  she  married  Rev.  Samuel  Willard,  of  Boston,  Vice  Pre$id«Bt  of 
Harvard  College. 

46 


358  Hon,  Roger  Sherman. 

the  first  appearance  of  serious  difficulties  between  the  colonies 
and  the  parent  country,  to  perceive  the   consequences   that 
would  follow ;  and  the  probable  result  of  a  contest  arising 
from  a  spirit  of  resistance  to  the  exercise  of  unjust,  oppres- 
sive and  unconstitutional  acts  of  authority,  over  a  free  peo- 
ple, having  sufficient   intelligence  to  know  their  rights,  and 
sufficient  spirit   to  defend  them.     Accordingly,  at  the  com- 
mencement of  the  contest,  he  took  an  active  and  decided  part 
in  favor  of  the  colonies,  and  subsequently-  in  support  of  the 
revolution   and   their  separation   from    Great   Britain.     In 
1774,  he  was  chosen  a  member  of  the  first  continental  Con- 
gress; and  continued  to  be  a  member  except  when  excluded 
by  the  1;3W  of  rotation.    He  was  a  member  of  the  illustrious 
Congress  of  1  776  ;  and  was  one  of  the  committee  that   drew 
up  the  declaration  of  Independence,  which  was  penned    by 
the  venerable  Thomas   Jtfferson,  who    was  also  one  of  the 
committee.     After  the  peace,    Roger  Sherman   was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Convention  which  formed  the  Constitution   of  the 
United  States ;  and  he  was  chosen  a  representative  from  this 
State  to   the  first   Congress  under   this  Constitution.     He 
was   removed  to  the  Senate  in  1791,  and  remained  in   this 
situation  until  his  death,  July    2,  1793,   in  the   73d  year  of 
his  age.     The  life  of  Mr.  Sherman  is   one  among  the  many 
examples  of  the  triumph  of  native  genius  and  talent,  aided 
by   persevering   habits    of  industry   over  all   the    obstacles 
arising  from  the  want  of  what  is  generally  considered    as  a 
regular  and  systematic  education.     Yet  it  deserves   consid- 
eration, whether  a  vigorous   mind,  stimulated  by  an   ardent 
thirst  of  knowledge,  left  to  its  own   exertions,   unrestrained 
and  unembarrassed,  by  rules  of  art,  and  unshackled  by  sys- 
tematic regulations,  is  not  capable   of  pursuing   the   object 
of  acquiring  knowledge  more  intensely  and  with  more  suc- 
cess; of  taking  a  more  wide  and   comprehen=ive  survey  ;  of 
exploring  with  more  penetration  the  fields  of  science   and  of 
forming  more  just  and  solid  views.     Mr.  Sherman  possessed 
a  powerful  mind,  and  habits  of  industry  which  no  difficulties 
could  discourage  and  no  toil  impair.     In  early  life,  he  began 
to  apply  himself  with  unextinguishable  zeal  to  the   acquisi- 
tion of  knowledge.     In  this  pursuit,  although  he  was  always 
actively  engaged  in  business,  he  spent  more  hours  than  most 
of  those  who  are  professedly  students.     In  his  progress,   he 
became  extensively  acquainted  with  mathematical    science, 
natural  philosophy,  moral  and  metaphysical  philosophy,  his- 
tory, logic  and  theology.     As  a  lawyer  and  statesman,  he 
was  very  eminent,  having  a  clear,  penetrating  an  1  vigorous 
mind  ;  and  as  a  patriot,  no  greater  respect  can  be  paid  to  his, 


Rev.  Timothy  Dwight,  D.  D.  359 

memory  than  the  fact  which  has  already  been  noticed,  that 
he  was  a  mrmber  of  the  patriotic  Congress  of  1776,  which 
declared  these  colonies  to  be  fi-ee  and  independent.  For  a 
full  biography  of  this  distinguished  man,  the  reader  is  refer- 
red to  the  1 1  Id  volume  of  th(-  Biography  of  the  Signers  of 
the  Declaration  of  Independence,  recently  published  under 
the  care  and  direction  ot  Robert  Wain,  jr.  Esq.  of  Pliila- 
delphia. 


REV.  TIMOTHY  DWIGHT,  D.  D.,  LL.  D. 

The  late  President  Dwight  ranked  among  the  first  theolo- 
gians of  our  country.  Several  of  his  works  have  been  print- 
ed in  England,  where  they  have  obtained  much  celebrity. 
He  was  born  at  Northampton,  in  Massachusetts,  May  14, 
1752.  At  a  very  early  period,  he  disclosed  unusual  indica- 
tions of  genius  and  an  extraordinary  propensity  and  aptitude 
for  study  and  the  acquisition  of  knowledge.  Such  was  the 
extraordinary  proficiency  he  had  made  in  elementary  stud- 
ies, that  he  was  admitted  a  member  of  Yale  College  in 
1765,  when  he  had  but  just  entered  his  13th  year.  At  Col- 
lege he  soon  acquired  the  character  of  a  good  scholar,  and 
of  being  remarkable  for  his  devotion  to  study.  He  gradu- 
ated in  1 769,  having  gone  through  the  usual  course  of 
studies  with  great  credit. 

In  September,  1771,  when  he  was  but  19  years  of  age, 
he  was  chosen  tutor  in  this  seminary.  He  remained  in  this 
situation  for  six  years,  and  discharged  its  duties  withimusual 
success  and  reputation.  During  this  period,  he  composed 
the  well  known  epic  poem,  entitled  the  "  Conquest  of  Ca- 
naan ;"  the  poem  having  been  finished  when  he  was  only 
22 years  of  age.  In  1777,  during  the  revolutionary  war, 
he  was  licensed  as  a  clergj^man  ;  and  the  same  year  re- 
ceived the  appointment  of  a  chaplam  in  Gen.  Parsons' 
brigade,  and  joined  the  army  at  West  Point.  Soon  after 
this,  whilst  in  the  army,  he  wrote  his  much  admired  patriotic 
and  national  song,  "  Columbia."  This  has  justly  been 
esteemed  as  the  best  effusion  of  his  muse.  He  did  not  con- 
tinue long  in  the  army  ;  for,  in  1778,  he  returned  to  his  na- 
tive town,  where  he  remained  for  five  years.  During  this 
period,  he  was  employed  a  portion  of  the  time  as  an  instruc- 
tor of  youth  ;  and  occasionally  officiated  as  a  clergyman. 
Whilst  in  this  situation,  he  was  twice  chosen  Representative 
of  the  town  in  the  Legislature  of  tke  State. 


360  •       Rev.  Timothy  Dwight,  D.  D. 

In  1783,  having  received  an  invitaiion,  he  became  settled 
as  a  clergyman  in  Greenlield,  over  a  society  in  the  town  of 
Fairfield,  in  Connecticut.  He  continued  in  this  situation  ior 
nearly  twelve  years,  and  became  highly  distinguished  in  his 
profession,  and  as  a  sound,  able,  eloquent,  orthodox,  and 
practical  preacher.  During  his  residence  in  this  delightiul 
and  highly  interesting  situation,  he  conceived  and  wrote  his 
poem,  entitled  "Greenfield  Hill,"  consisting  of  seven  parts 
and  a  work  of  considerable  merit.  This  publication,  together 
■with  his  Conquest  of  Canaan,  was  re-published  in  England, 
Whilst  in  this  situation,  also,  he  established  and  maintained 
an  academic  school,  which  deservedly  sustained  a  high 
reputation. 

In  the  spring  of  1795,  Dr.  Dwight  was  called  from  this 
delightful  abode  and  favorite  retreat,  to  the  presidency  of 
Yale  College,  as  the  successor  of  President  Stiles.  In  this 
important  and  responsible  situation,  he  continued  nearly 
twenty-two  years  ;  during  which  long  period,  he  presided 
over  the  institution  with  great  ability  and  astonishing  suc- 
cess. Notwithstanding  the  extensive  erudition  of  President 
Stiles,  and  the  high  reputation  which  the  institution,  while 
he  presided  over  it,  had  acquired,  yet  its  reputation  and 
prosperity  were  greatly  increased  during  the  presidency  of 
Dr.  Dwight;  although  a  portion  of  this  period  was  one  of 
peculiar  difficulties.  At  the  accession  of  President  Dwight, 
there  were  but  about  1 10  students;  whereas  at  some  periods 
subsequently,  the  number  amounted  to  313. 

Few  men  have  possessed  the  various  and  important  quali- 
fications necessary  for  a  situation  of  this  description,  in  so 
eminent  a  degree  as  President  Dwight.  He  possessed  a 
sound  and  penetrating  mind,  indefatigable  industry,  a  lauda- 
ble and  elevated  ambition  forliterar}'  fame,  adequate  scien- 
tific acquisitions,  and  an  extensive  fund  of  general  informa- 
tion. With  these  qualifications,  he  united  others,  although 
more  common,  yet  equally  important  ;  an  agreeable  and 
dignified  person  and  deportment ;  a  fine  constitution  ;  an  un- 
usual share  of  common  sense  ;  an  accurate  and  extensive 
knowledge  of  the  human  character  ;  and  extensive  observa 
tion  ;  great  practical  knowledge,  and  an  unusual  portion  of 
prudence  or  policy.  His  writings,  which  were  published 
during  his  life  time,  consist,  in  addition  to  his  poetical 
works,  the  most  important  of  which  have  already  been  no- 
ticed, of  numerous  sermons  or  theological  discourses,  deliv- 
ered on  various  important  occasions.  Since  his  death,  a 
series  of  his  sermons,  comprising  a  System  of  Theolof^y,  has 
been  published  in  five  large  octavo  volumes,  and  his  Travels 


Ecclesiastical  History.  361 

m  New-England  and  New-York,  in  four  volumes  of  about  the 
Jsame  size,  have  been  published.  Both  these  works  have 
been  re-published  in  England,  where  they  have  obtained  a 
high  reputation.  Dr.  D wight  died  at  New-Haven,  January 
11,  1817,  in  the  65th  year  of  his  age. 


Memoranda  :  relating  to  the  Churches  and  Clergy  of  Neve 
Hampshire. 
[Continued  from  page  337] 

In  1743,  the  Rev.  Daniel  Emerson  was  ordained  at  Hol- 
lis;  Rev.  William  Parsons  at  South-Hampton;  and  Rev. 
WooDBRiDGE  Odlin  at  Exetor. 

Mr.  Emerson  was  a  native  of  Reading,  Massachusetts, 
where  he  was  born  April  20,  1716.  He  was  graduated  at 
Harvard  College,  1739;  was  ordained  at  HoUis,  then  the 
West  Parish  of  Dunstable,  April  20,  1713.  Rev.  Mr.  Hob- 
by, of  Reading,  preached  the  ordination  sermon,  which  was 
printed.  The  church  was  gathered  about  the  time  of  the 
ordination.  Mr.  Emerson  died  September  30,  1801,  at  the 
age  of  85,  and  in  the  59th  of  his  ministry. 

Mr.  Parsons  was  graduated  at  Harvard  College  in  1  735. 
He  was  the  first  settled  minister  in  South-Hampton,  where 
he  continued  about  19  years,  and  was  dismissed  October 
6,  17G2. 

Mr.  Odlin  was  the  youngest  son  of  the  Rev.  John  Odlin, 
of  Expter,  and  was  born  April  28,  1718.  He  was  graduat- 
ed at  Harvard  College  in  1738,  and  was  ordained  as  col- 
league with  his  father,  Sept.  28,  1743.  During  his  ministry, 
the  number  of  his  baptisms  was  1276,  and  during  the  same 
time,  36  [7U?]  were  added  to  the  church.  He  married  Abigail, 
the  widow  of  Rev.  John  Strong,  of  Portsmouth,  and  daughter 
of  Col.  Peter  Oilman,  of  Exeter,  October  23, 1 755 — ^^and  died 
March  10,  1776.  Of  his  children,  who  survived  him,  were, 
Dudle3%  Woodbridge,  Peter,  Elizabeth,  Abigail,  the  first  wife 
of  the  Hon.  Nathaniel  Oilman,  of  Exeter,  John,  Mary  Ann, 
wife  of  Thomas  Stickney,  of  Concord,  and  Charlotte,  wife 
of  Jeremiah  Stickney,  of  Dover. 

In  1  747,  the  Rev.  Samuel  Langdon  was  ordained  at  Ports^ 
mouth;  Rev.  William  Johnston  was  settled  at  Windham: 


362  Ecclesiastical  History. 

Rpv.  Samuel  Bird  at  Dunstable  ;  and  Rev.  Robert  Cutler 
at  Epping. 

Mr.  Langdon  was  ordained  over  the  North  Parish  in 
Portsmouth,  February  4,  1747,  as  successor  of  Mr.  Fitch, 
who  died  the  November  [^receding.  Mr.  Langdon  was  born 
in  Boston,  and  gradurited  at  Harvard  Colhge,  where  he  was 
a  charity  scholar  and  servitor,  in  1740.  He  married  Eliza- 
beth Brown,  a  daughter  of  Rev.  Richard  Brown,  of  Read- 
ing, by  whom  he  had  nine  children,  four  of  whom  died  in 
infancy;  the  others,  who  had  families,  were,  Samuel;  Paul, 
who  was  graduated  at  Harvard,  1770  ;  Richard;  Elizabeth, 
wife  of  Hon.  David  Sewall,  of  York  ;  and  Maiy,  wife  of 
Hon.  John  Goddard,  of  Portsmouth.  Mr.  Langdon  was  in 
vited  to  the  presidency  of  Harvard  College,  on  the  death  of 
President  Locke,  and  his  connexion  with  Portsmouth  was 
dissolved,  October  9,  1774.  He  was  inducted  into  office,  at 
Harvard,  the  14th  of  the  same  month,  and  continued  there 
about  six  years;  when,  finding  himself  unpleasantly  situat- 
ed, on  account  of  the  disaffection  of  his  pupils,  he  resigned  ■ 
his  office,  August  30,  1780.  He  was  installed  at  Hampton- 
Falls,  January  18,  1781,  and  died  November  29, 1797,  aged 
about  75.  He  was  President  of  the  American  Academy  of 
Arts  and  Sciences,  and  received  the  degree  of  Doctor  of; 
Divinity  from  the  University  of  Aberdeen,  Scotland,  which  * 
was  the  first  Doctorate  conferred  upon  any  clergyman  in 
NeW'Hampshire.  He  published  a  sermon  at  the  ordination 
of  Rer.  Samuel  Macclintock,  1756  ;  a  Thanksgiving  ser- 
mon on  the  conquest  of  Quebec,  1759  ;  an  Examination  of 
Robert  Sandeman's  Lettej-s  on  Theron  and  A=^})asi),  1765  ; 
a  Summary  of  Christian  Faith  and  Practice,  1768;  a  ser- 
mon at  the  Dudluan  Lecture,  1775;  a  sermon  before  the 
Provincial  C> ingress,  1775  ;  a  sermon  at  the  ordination  of 
Rev.  Edward  Sprague,  1777  ;  a  sermon  on  the  death  of  Pro- 
fessor Winthrop,  1  779  ;  Election  sermon,  1 788  ;  Observations 
on  the  Revelations  of  Jesus  Christ  to  St.  John,  (an  octavo 
volume  of  337  pages)  1791;  a  sermon  before  the  Pascataqua 
Association,  1792  ;  Corrections  of  some  e;reat  mistakes  com- 
mitted by  the  Rev.  John  C.  02:den,  1792;  Remarks  on  the 
leading  sentiments  of  Rev.  Dr.  Hopkins' system  of  doctrines, 
in  a  letter  to  a  friend,  1794;  two  sermons  in  the  American 
Preacher;  and,  in  1761,  Col.  Blanchard  and  Dr.  Langdon 
published  a  map  of  New-Hampshire,  which  they  inscribed 
to  Charles  Townsend,  E^^q.  his  Majesty's  Secretary  at  War, 
and  one  of  the  Privy  Council. 

Mr.  Johnston  was  a  presbyterian ;  he  had   been  in  the 
ministry  previous  to  his  installatioH  at  Windham,  of  which 


Ecclesiastical  History.  368 

own  he  was  the  first  minister.     He  continued   there   about 
seven  years,  and  was  dismissed  in  July,  1758. 

Mr.  Bird  was  a  native  ot  Dorch<.stfr,  Mass.  He  entered 
H.irVurJ  college  in  the  same  class  with  Bishop  Bass,  and 
would  havr  graduated  in  1744  ;  buL  in  consequence  of  ^onle 
rash  censures  u[)on  some  of  the  governors  of  the  college, 
and  the  venerable  Applcton  of  Cambridge,  he  did  not  ob- 
tain hi;-,  degree.  He  was  ordained  in  Dunstable  in  the  fall 
of  1747,  but  his  setfk'nient  caused  a  division  in  the  church 
and  town.  A  new  chui'ch  was  formed  and  another  meeting- 
house erected.  He  was  dismissed  in  1751,  and  the  two 
churches  were  afrerwards  united.     He  went  to  New-Haven, 

{'Connecticut,  where  he  was  insiailcd  October  13,  1751. 
Mr.  CutltT  was  graduated  ;it  Harvard  College,  in  1741, 
and  was  oi'dained  at  Epping,  Dtct mher  9,  1747.  He  was 
dismissed  December  23,  1755.  He  afterwards  removed  to 
Canterbury  and  the  re  received  an  invitation  to  resettle  in 
the  ministry.  Tfe  neighboring  churches  refused  to  assist 
in  his  installation  on  riccount  of  his  former  conduct  at  Ep- 
ping— for  which,  however,  he  had  made  his  peace  with  the 
church  there  nnd  had  been  regularly  dismissed.  The  inhabi- 
tants of  Canterbury  applied  to  the  Ecclesiastical  Conven- 
tion for  advice  and  assistance.  The  Convention,  for  several 
reasons  which  they  state  to  the  apjilicants,*  advised  them  to 
:  proceed  no  farther  towards  Mr.  C's.  settlement — and  their 
advice  was  accepted.  It  is  believed  that  he  was  afterwards 
settled  in  the  mirsistry  at  Grecnwicli,  Massnchusetts. 

This  year  (1747)  the  Ecclesiastical  Convention  of  New- 
Hampshire  was  formed  at  Exeter,  on  the  28th  of  July.  [See 
Collections  (or  1822,  p.  203.]  The  Convention  noticed  sev- 
eral "errors  in  iloctrine  of  late  propagate d,"'  of  an  anthio- 
mian  cast,  which  they  deemed  it  their  duty  to  be  "very  fre- 
quent in  opposing."  Four  of  the  members  afterwards  dis- 
sented from  the  enumeration  of  doctrinal  errors,  "  because 
in  their  opinion  Arminmn  and  other  pernicious  errors  pre- 
vailed as  much  as  Antinomian,  and  ought  equally  to  be  tak- 

*  The  CoDventinn  say,  (hat  "  the  law  of  Mcses,  hy  which  no  person 
with  any  remarkable  oatural  blemish  was  to  be  admitted  into  the  Priest's 
office,  may  be  considered  js  an  arg'ument  for  tiie  exclusion  of  any  man 
from  the  gospel  minislrv  for  such  apparent  and  gross  iinmoialities  as 
bring|  a  scandal  upon  relig-ion — that  the  g'ospcl  insists  upon  sobriety,  pu- 
rity, inofTensiveness,  (>food  and  exemplary  behnvior  among'  believers,  and 
all  men,  and  a  pood  report  of  fhem  that  are  without ;  and  the  like  as  ne- 
cessary chara'  ters  and  qualifications  of  bishops  or  <rnspel  ministers' — 
and  that  if  Mi.  C's  repent-Tnce  be  charitibly  supposed  sincere,  it  would 
only  give  him  a  right  to  christian  communion  as  a  private  member,  but 
none  to  a  reuDslatement  in  the  gospel  ministry. 


364  Ecclesiastical  History. 

en  notice  of."  The  meetings  of  the  Convention,  however, 
never  appear  to  have  been  disturbed  by  the  spirit  of  contro- 
versy, nor  any  other  spirit  opposed  to  the  professed  design 
of  the  association,  to  promote  '4iarmony,  peace  and  good 
order  among  the  churches." 

In  1748,  the  Rev.  David  Robinson  succeeded  Mr.  Blunt 
at  New-Castle  ;  Rev.  Daniel  Rogers  was  ordained  at  Exe- 
ter, and  Rev.  John  Adams  at  Durham. 

Mr.  Robinson  was  graduated  at  Harvard  College  in  1738. 
He  continued  but  a  short  time  in  the  ministry,  and  died  in  a- 
bout  10  months  after  his  ordination. 

Mr.  Rogers  was  the  first  minister  of  the  second  Parish  in 
Exeter.  The  formation  of  this  Parish  in  1748,  "was  attend- 
ed with  a  violent  convulsion,  and  followed  by  a  series  of  mu- 
tual injuries  and  reseqtments,  which  greatly  interrupted  the 
harmony  of  society,  for  many  years."  But  the  principal 
actors  in  those  scenes  are  long  since  dead,  and  their  pre- 
judices died  with  them.  Nicholas  Oilman,  jun.  by  his  will. 
in  1 745,  devised  a  farm  of  considerable  value  to  certain  mrin- 
bers  of  the  new  church,  intrust  for  the  support  of  a  minister 
or  ministers  in  the  new  parish,  or  for  any  other  pious  use, 
according  to  their  direction  :  and  on  their  decease,  the  im- 
provement of  the  property,  for  the  same  objects,  was  to  be 
vested  in  the  deacons  of  the  new  church,  or  in  such  persons 
as  the  church  should  choose  for  that  purpose.  The  parish  was 
incorpora'ed  in  1755;  repaired  the  buildings  and  fences  on  the 
premises,  and  considered  it  as  their  parsonage.  But  in  an  ac- 
tion commenced  against  the  occupants  of  the  land,  the  Superi- 
Court  decided,  in  1818,  that  the  property  v;as  not  in  the  par- 
ish, and  that  the  income  of  it  was  not  necessarily  to  be  ap- 
plied to  the  support  of  the  parish  minister.  Mr.  Rogers  was 
a  son  of  Rev.  John  Rogers,  of  Ipswich,  Massachusetts,  and 
was  born  July  28,  1 707.  His  grandfather  was  John  Rogers, 
the  President  of  Harvard  College.  His  mother  was  Mar- 
tha Whittingham,  a  sister  of  Gov.  Saltonstall's  wife.  Mr, 
Rogers  was  graduated  at  Harvard  College,  in  1725,  and  was 
tutor  there  nine  years.  He  continued,  from  his  settlement  to 
his  death,  in  the  ministry  at  Exeter,  and  died  December  9, 
1785. 

Mr.  Adams  was  a  son  of  Matthew  Adams  of  Boston,  men- 
tioned in  the  life  of  Dr.  Franklin  as  "an  ingenious  tradesman," 
and  having  a  "handsome  collection  of  books,"  and  nephew 
of  the  first  minister  of  Durham.  He  was  graduated  at  Har- 
vard College  in  1745.  The  church  in  Durham  at  the  time 
of  his  ordination  consisted  of  about  40  male  members.  Sev- 
eral of  them  opposed  his  settlement,  and  nearly  half  the 


Ecclesiastical  History.  365 

jvhole  number  did  not  attend  his  meeting.  Tlie  disaffected 
ippiied  to  ihe  Eci  lesiastical  Convention,  complaining  that 
'  Air.  Hugh  Adams'  party,  who  had  for  a  long  time  been 
separated  and  were  a  distinct  body  by  themselves,  had  been 
ilive  m  effecting  the  young  Mr.  Adams'  settlement,  and  that 
a  conti'oversy  was  then  subsisting  whether  they  [Mr.  Hugh 
A'lams'  party]  ought  to  be  acknowledged  as  belongiTig  hy 
ngiii  to  tiiG  standing  church."  The  Convention  did  not  see 
St  to  interftM-e  f  trther  than  to  advise  a  referen  e  of  all  diili- 
ukies  to  a  joint  council,  and  that  such  as  had  any  doubt 
about  Mr  Aduns'  ch.tra-  ter,  should  seek  information  at 
Boston,  the  place  of  his  nativity.  The  opposi.ion  in  some 
mensure  subsided,  and  Mr.  Adams  continued  at  Durham 
about  30  years,  when  new  dilficulties  arose,  and  he  was  dis- 
missed *  After  his  dismission,  the  Pcoprietors  of  Newficld, 
Maine,  made  a  grant  to  him  of  400  acres  of  land,  and  he 
removed  there  when  there  were  but  12  families  in  the  place. 
Ho  was  a  frhjsician  as  well  as  a  minister,  and  was  useful  in 
bo  h  professions.  He  preached  constantly,  and  practised 
physic  in  the  towns  of  Limington.  Parsonsfield,  Limerick, 
and  Newficld,  till  his  death,  June  4,  1792. 

The  Rev.  .Tor  Stkonu  wa.-*  ordained  over  the  South  Parish, 
in  Portsmouth,  June  28,  1749.  The  Rev.  Jonathan  Edwards, 
of  Northampton,  afterwards  President  of  New-Jersey  Col- 
lege, preached  the  ordination  sermon,  from  John  xiii.  15 
and  16.  Mr.  Strong  was  a  native  of  Northampton,  Massa- 
chusetts, and  was  graduated  at  Yale  College,  in  1747.  He 
was  particularly  recommended,  by  the  pious  and  eminent 
Brainerd,  to  the  Commissioners  of  the  Society  for  propagat- 
ing the  Gospel,  as  a  suitable  and  well  qualified  person  for 
a  missionary  among  the  Indians  ;  and  his  ardent  wish  was 
to  be  engaged  and  spend  his  days  in  thit  service.  But  his 
constitution    was  feeble,  and    the  missionary  labors   of   a 

*  At  the  close  of  his  farewell  sermon,  Mr.  Adams  requested  his  people  to  sing  to 
the  praise  of  God,  and  their  own  edification,  the  three  first  verses  of  the  120th 
Psalm. 

Thou  God  of  love,  thou  ever  blest. 

Pity  my  suffering  state  ; 
When  wilt  thou  set  my  soul  at  rest 
From  lips- which  love  deceit  ? 

Hard  lot  of  mine  !  my  days  are  cast 

Among  the  sons  of  strife, 
Whose  never  ceasing  brawl'ngs  waste 

My  golden  hours  of  life. 

O  might  I  fly  to  change  my  place. 

How  would  I  choose  to  dwell 
In  some  wide  lonrS')uie  wilderness. 

And  leave  these  gales  of  hell 
47 


36C  Ecclesiastical  Histor%i. 

few  months  so  far  impaired  his  health,  that  the  Commis- 
sioners relinquished  their  claim  to  him,  and  he  accepted  a 
renewed  call  (having  negatived  a  former  invitation)  to  the 
ministry  in  Portsmouth.  He  married  Abigail  Gilman,  a 
daughter  of  Col..  Peter  Gilman,  of  Exeter,  December  6, 1 750. 
On  the  Sabbath,  which  was  the  next  day  after  the  birih  and 
death  of  his  infant,  he  preached  from  these  words, ''  Though 
I  walk  through  the  valley  of  the  shadow  of  death,  I  will 
fear  no  evil," — was  seized  with  the  bilious  cholic,  at  noon  ; 
and  the  day  following,  September  30,  1751,  passed  through 
that  valley,  of  which  he  had  so  recently  been  speaking,  to 
a  better  world.  During  his  ministry  at  Portsmouth,  he  bap- 
tized 104  persons,  and  admitted  11  to  the  communion. 

The  Rev.  Stephen  Chase  was  installed  at  New-Castle  as 
successor  of  Mr.  Robinson,  Dec.  5,  1 750.  He  was  gradu- 
ated at  Harvard  college  in  1728 — and  had  been  sometime 
in  the  ministry  at  Lynn,  Mass.  before  his  settlement  at  New- 
Castle.  His  wife  was  a  daughter  of  Joshua  Wingale  of 
Hampton,  and  sister  of  Mrs.  Gookin  of  Nortti-Hampton. 
He  died  January  1775.  The  late  Stephen  Chase,  Esq.  of 
Portsmouth,  was  his  son. 

The  Rev.  James  Hobbs   was  ordained  at   Pelham,  Nov. 
13,  1751,  when  the  church  in  that  town  was  first  gathered. 
He  was  a  native  of  Hampton,  and  graduated  at  Harvard 
college  in  1748.     He  continued  in  the  ministry  till  his  death, 
June  20,  1765.     The  following  was  one  article  of  the  cove-    \ 
nant  subscribed  by  the  members  of  the  church  at  its  forma- 
tion :     "  We  acknowledge  ourselves  members  of  the  Catho-   ' 
lie  church  of  Christ,  and  accordingly   promise  that  we  will  J 
hold  communion  with  all  the  churches  of  our  Lord   Jesus 
Christ,  and  will  carry  it  towards  all  professors  of  christian-   ! 
ity,  (who  do  not  contradict  their  profession  by   their   prac-   1 
lice)  as  to  members  of  the  same  body  with  ourselves." 

In  1752,  the  Rev.  Samuel  Haven  succeeded  Mr.  Strong 
in  the  South  Parish  of  Portsmouth  ;  Rev.  Henry  True  was 
ordained  at  Hampstead  ;  and  Rev.  Nathaniel  Trask  at 
Brentwood. 

Mr.  Haven  was  the  oldest  son  of  Joseph  Haven,  Esq.  of 
Framinghara,  Mass.,  and  born  August  4,  1727.  He  was 
graduated  at  Harvard  college,  in  1749.  He  married,  Janu- 
ary 11,  1753,  Mehitabel  Appleton,  a  daughter  of  Rev.  Na- 
thaniel Appleton,  of  Cambridge,  who  was  a  grandson  of 
John  Rogers,  President  of  PCarvard  college,  and  a  descend- 
ant of  John  Rogers,  the  martyr.  By  his  first  wife,  Mr.  Ha- 
ven had  1 1  children.     His  second  wife  was  Margaret  Mar- 


Ecchitiastical  History.  367 

shall,  of  Portsmouth,  by  whom  he  had  G  children.     She  at- 
tended him  in  his  last  sickness,  closed  his  eyes,  March  3, 
tt)06,  and  died  herself  a  few  hours  afterwards.     They  were 
buried  at  the  same  time,  and  12  children  followed  them  to 
the  grave.     Mr.  Haven  received  his  Doctorate  in  Divinity 
from  Edinburgh  and  Dartmouth.     "  He  was  a  man  of  re- 
spectable talents,  and  was  acquainted  with  various  depart- 
ments of  science.     His  mind  was  rcithf:r  of  the   sprightly 
cast  than  inclined  to  abstruse  researches  and  deep  investi- 
gation."     Its    predominant   characteristic    was  unbounded 
benevolence.     He  literally  sought  his  own  happiness  in  try- 
ing to  make  every  body  happy  about  him.  He  visited  every 
body,  and  was  the  personal  friend  and  confidant  of  every 
person  in  his  parish.     He  made  himself  a  very  respectable 
physician,  merely  that  he   might  prescribe  gratuitously  .o 
the  poor;  and,  during  many  years  of  his   life,  he  had    con- 
siderable practice  among  them.     He  inherited  (for  the  time) 
a  considerable  patrimony,  which  he  spent  freely  among  his 
people — in  acts  of  kindness.     The  goodness  of  God  was  the 
constant  subject  of  his  thoughts   and  discourse  ;  and  in  his 
extreme  old  age,  when  the  powers  of  life  were  nearly  ex- 
hausted, that  subject  would  excite  them  to  action  when  noth- 
ing else  would  rouse  them.     His  warjnth  and   kindness  of 
temper  met  with  its  appropriate  reward.     He  possessed  en- 
tirely the  hearts  of  his  people.     In  his  theological  opinions 
he  belonged  to  that  laige  class  who  were  then  called  "  mod- 
erate Calvinists — that  is,  Calvinists  in  name,  but  not  in  fact." 
It  has  been  intimated,  that  "  in  the  latter  part  of  his  life, 
he  was  led  to  speculate  with  Dr.   Chauncey,   on  the  senti- 
ment of  universal  restitution  ;  but  he  never  proclaimed  this 
Sentiment  from  the  pulpit;  and  declared,  that  he  could  not 
risk  his  salvation  upon  that  ground.     He   had  a  happy  tal- 
ent for  all  extemporary  services.    He  excelled  in  the  tender 
and  sympathetic.     In   scenes  of  affliction  and  sorrow,  he 
was  a  son  of  consolation.     On  funeral  occasions,  for  varie- 
ty, copiousness,   tenderness,  and  pertinency  of  address,  he 
was  rarely  equalled."     At  the  time  of  Dr.  Haven's  settle- 
ment, (May  6,  1752)  the  church  consisted  of  200  members. 
The  baptisms  from  that   time  to    1805,    amounted  to  about 
2000,  and  the  admissions  to  church  membership  to  230. 

During  the  revolutionary  war,  he  was  a  genuine  "  son  of 
liberty,"  giving  the  whole  weight  of  his  character  and  influ- 
ence and  exertion  to  the  American  cause.  When  the  news 
of  the  battle  of  Lexington  reached  Portsmouth,  he  sat  up  a 
good  part  of  the  night  with  his  family  making  bullets.     And 


368  Ecclesiastical  Histoiy. 

when,  in  the  course  of  the  next  .year,  an  alarm  was  given  ii 
the  night  that  the  enemy  was  approaching,  h  bhouldc  rt  d 
his  fowling-piece,  and  went  out  to  share  with  his  parishiou' 
ers  in  the  toils  and  the  dangers  to  which  ihey  might  be  ex-  V 
posed.  He  set  up  a  manufactory  of  salt-pelre,  which  was 
carried  to  a  considerable  extent,  and  was  of  ess(  ntial  use  in 
supplying  the  neighborhood  wiih  powder.  Dr.  Havt  n  pub- 
lished the  following  sermons  :  a  strmon  at  the  n  quest  of  the 
Congregational  ministers  of  New-Hampshire,  1760  ;  on  the 
death  of  George  II.,  and  the  accession  oi  George  HI.,  1761  ; 
on  the  conclusion  of  the  war,  and  declaration  o.f  pence,  1  763  ; 
at  the  ordination  of  Rev.  Jeremy  Belknap,  at  Dover,  1767  ; 
on  the  death  of  Hon.  Henry  Sherhni-ne,  1767;  a  sermon 
preached  at  Cambridge,  and  published  at  the  request  of  the 
students,  1 768;  one  preached  at  Mcdfield,  1771;  Election  ser- 
mon, 1786  ;  on  the  death  of  Rev.  Benjamin  Stevens,  1791;  or- 
the  reasonableness  and  importance  of  practical  religion, 1794. 
the  Dudleian  Lecture,  at  Cambridge,  1798;  a  sertnon,soon  af- 
ter the  ordination  of  Rev.  Timothy  Alden,  jr.  as  his  col- 
league, 1800. 

Mr.  True  was  graduated  at  Harvard  College  in  1 750  ; 
ordained  at  Hampstead,  June  3,  1752,*  and  died  May  22, 
1782,  "after  having  lived  a  pious  and  us«^ful  life." 

Mr.  Trask  was  a  graduate  of  Harvard  College  in  1  742. 
His  wife  was  Pernal  '^i  hing,  a  daughter  of  Benjamin  Thing, 
and  grand-daughter  of  Col.  Winthrop  Hilton,  who  was 
killed  by  the  Indians  in  1710.  Mr.  Trask  died  in  1789,  at 
the  age  of  67. 

About  the  year  1753,  the  towns  of  Swnnzey  and  Keene 
mutually  and  unanimously  agreed  to  become  one  religious 
society,  and  to  worship  together,  the  towns  being  at  equal 
expense,  for  the  support  of  the  Gospel.  The  two  churches 
were  united  in  one,  over  which,  and  the  people  in  connec- 
tion, the  Rev.  Ezra  Carpenter  was  installed,  Oct.  4,  1753. 
On  this  occasion,  the  Rev.  Ebenezer  Gay,  of  Hingham, 
preached  from  Zech.  ii.  1. 

Mr.  Carpenter  was   graduated   at   Harvard   College   in  J 
1720  ;  and  was,  for  several  years,  the  minister  of  Hull,  in  _| 
Massachusetts.     His  connexion   with   Keene  and    Swanzey  I 
ceased,  and,  in  relation   to  Keene,  was  dissolved    in    1760. 
Of  Swanzey,  he  remained  the   minister  till  his   dismission 
in   1763.  I 

The  first  minister  of  Charlestown  was  the  Rev.  John  Den- 
wis.  He  was  ordained,  on  account  of  the  Indian  war.  »t 
Norihfield,  Mass.  Dec.  4,  1754,  for  Charlestown;  where  nC 

*  [June  24,  says  a  MS.  in  possession  of  tiie  Editors.] 


Ecclesiastical  History.  369 

continued  but  little  more  than  a  year,  and  was  dismissed 
March  31,  1766.* 

'J  he  Rev.  Joseph  Prin(  e  was  ordained  at  Barrington,  the 
first  minister  of  that  town,  in  1755.  He  was  blind  from 
his  rliildliood.  He  married  an  iimiahle  woman  of  a  respec- 
table family,  and  had  12  children,  all  sons — eacli  of  whom 
in  his  turn,  served  as  a  guide  to  his  sightless  father  in  his 
parochial  visits  and  more  <xtensive  journeys.  'J  here  w.is 
considerable  opposition  to  the  ordination  of  Mr.  Prince,  and 
the  Council  called  to  ordain  him,  which  was  composed  of 
delegations  from  10  churches,  was  divided.  A  majority  of 
the  ministers  were  opposed  to  proceeding  in  the  solemnity 
and  withdrew,  Init  a  majority  of  the  Council  were  in  favor 
of  proceeding  and  did  proceed  to  ordain  him.  The  matter 
was  carried  before  the  Ecclesiastical  Convention,  which 
considered  the  ecclesiastical  proctsss  relating  to  the  introduc- 
tion of  Mr.  Prince  into  the  ministry  as  of  a  very  dangerous 
tendency — and  that  he  was  an  "  unmeet  person"  for  the 
work.  'J'he  Rev.  Messrs.  Havrn  and  Langdon  were  of  a 
dili'erent  opinion,  entered  their  dissent  to  the  votes  of  the 
Convention,  and  even  gave  to  Mr.  Prince  their  countenance 
and  suppport  while  he  continued  in  the  ministry.  An  ac- 
quaintance with  the  m.an  removed  the  prf  judices  of  othrrs, 
and  he  received  the  friendship  as  well  as  the  compassion  of 
those  with  whom  he  associated.  He  cnniinued  in  Barring- 
ton  till  17fi8,  when  he  was  dismissed.  In  1782,  he  was  in- 
stalled at  Candia  as  successor  of  Mr.  Jewett,  and  continued 
there  about  7  years,  nnd  was  dismissed  in  1  789. 

The  first  Baptist  Church  in  New-Hampshire  was  gather- 
ed at  Newtown  in  1755,  and  the  Rev.  Walter  Powers  was 
ordained  its  minister.  Idis  son  of  the  same  name  was  the 
minister  ot  a  Baptist  Church  in  Gilmanton.t 

In  175G,  the  Rev.  Joseph  Adams  was  ordained  at  Strat- 
ham  ;  and  Rev.  Samuel  Macclintock  at  Greenland. 

Mr.  Adams  was  graduated  at  Harvard  College  in  1742, 
and  married  Miss  Greenlf^af,  of  Newburj'port.  His  salary 
in  Stratham  was  about  £60,  and  the  use  of  the  parsonage. 
He  had  been  preaching  there  some  years  before  his  ordina- 
tion, and  before  the  denih  of  Mr.  Rust.  He  was  a  Calvin- 
ist,  and  in  those  days  was  called  a  J^e'w  Liaht.  Mr.  Rust 
and  many  of  his  brethren  in  the  ministry  at  that  time  in  the 
Province,  who  called  themselves  moderate  Cahinists,  would 
probably  now  be  considered  as  Arminuins.     IVIr.  Adams,  on 


*  There  was  a  Rpv.  John  Dennis  \%-ho  gradu^tert  at  Harvard  College  in  1720,] 
See  Benedict's  History  of  the  Baptists,  vol.  I,  p.  316. 


370  Original  Letters. 

reviewing  his  course,  was  convinced  that  he  had,  in  preach-l 
ins;  and  private  conversation,  spoken  things  tending  to  the] 
discredit  of  the  neighboring  ministers,  and  encouraged  sep- 
arations in  churches  ;  and,  with  a  frankness  which  became 
him,  acknowledged  his  fm!t,  and  made  his  peace  with  his 
brethren.  He  died  February  24,  1785,  at  the  age  of  66  ;^ 
but  had  not  preached  for  some  time  before  his  death  on  ac- 
count of  bodily  indisposition  and  consequent  mental  imbe- 
ciiit^^  He  had  ni  my  peculiarities,  but  was  a  pious  man,j 
and  much  esteemed  by  his  people. 

A  sketch  of  the  character  of  Mr.  Macclintock  has  been] 
published  in  the  Colkcfinns  for  the  present  year,  page  273, | 
Th-^  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity  was  conferred  on  him  by' 
Yale  College.  He  published  a  sermon  on  the  justice  of  God 
in  the  mortality  of  man,  1769:  a  sermon  against  the  Bap- 
tists, entitled,  The  Artifices  of  Deceivers  detected,  and 
Christians  warned  ngainst  them,  1770  ;  Herodias,  or  cruelly 
and  revenge  the  efF.  cts  of  unlawful  pleasure,  1772  ;  a  sermon 
at  the  commencement  of  the  new  Constitution  of  New-Hamp- 
shire, 1784;  an  epistolary  correspondence  between  himself 
and  the  Rev.  .Tohn  C.  Ogden,  1791  ;  a  sermon,  entitled,  The 
Choice,  occasioned  by  the  drought,  the  fever,  and  the  pros- 
pect of  war,  1798;  and  an  oration,  commemorative  of  Wash- 
ington, 1800. 

[To  be  continued.] 


Two  LdterK  froyn  Hon.  Henry  Laurens  to  CoL  Peahody, 
[T'iC  Hon.  Henry  Laurens  was  a  disting'uished  member  of  the  Con- 
tinental Congress,  and  in  1777,  was  its  President.  In  1780,  he  was 
dev^'ited  *o  solicit  a  loan  from  Holland,  and  to  negotiate  a  treaty  with 
the  United  Netherlands.  On  his  passage,  he  wag  captu'-ed  by  a  B-itish 
vessel  on  the  banks  of  Newfonndinnd.  He  threw  his  papers  overboard, 
but  they  were  recovered  by  a  sailor.  Being  sent  to  England,  be  was 
committed  to  the  tower  on  the  6th  of  October,  as  a  state  prisoner,  on  a 
chars^e  of  high  treason,  wb^re  he  remained  till  Dec.  1781,  when,  enfee- 
bled in  health  and  apparently  sinking  into  the  grave,  if  continued  in  con- 
finement, he  sent  a  petition  to  the  house  of  commons  for  release.  Soon  af- 
ter, he  obtained  his  liberty,  and  returned  to  his  country.  He  died  at 
Mepkitt,  in  South-Carolina,  Dec.  8,  1792,  in  the  70th  year  of  his  ag^e. 


Original  Letters*  371 

it  is  WfiU  knowa  that  be  directed  Wis  sou  to  burn  his  body  after  li.s 
dt-atb  ;  hut  it  is  ia^-iorrect,  as  stated  by  some  of  bis  ti^grapbexs,  ibdt  hw 
annexed  a  forfeiture  or  penalty  to  il;e  nou  periurmance  of  bis  will.  It 
M  IS  siiDj^Iy  enjoined  aba  duty.  The  mottves  lo  liis  deteiminatiou,  tor 
b' ^  .ig  his  budy  bunt,  have  bten  also  misstated.  Mr.  Lr.urens  often 
spoke  of  his  preferring  inciaeial'oo  i<t  the  dead  to  tlicir  inhuimtioi:.  Jlia 
reasons  wore  a  belief  that  saTeral  persons  were  buried  before  they  '.vere 
irrecoverably  li.st,  and  an  ijisliuce  of  the  kind  bud  neariy  happened  in 
his  c^n  famiiv. 'n  liie  petfaon  ol  his  daughter,  Mrulha  Laurens,  ;i"  .- 
wa;ds  the  wife  of  th  late  esteemed  and  much  lamenteu  Dr.  DaviU  Katn- 
say,  the  historian  of  the  American  Revolutioa.] 

Charlestozvn^  So.  Carolina^  24th  January^  IIP-O. 

My  Dear  Sir — Coiisidering  that  our  worthy  ir .cnt',  Mr. 
Lovei,  has  directed  me  to  put  my  letters  to  hiiri  under  your 
cover,  and  that  I  may,  with  safety,  whether  he  is  pie.setit  or 
absent,  refer  you  to  thr  contents  of  one  which  I  shall  now 
recommend  lo  your  care,  1  navo  the  le.ss  cause  to  regret  the 
want  of  time  for  making  a  proper  acknowledgment  of  your 
\'^ry  I.  itncly  and  much  est',  emed  favor  of  the  1  T'.h  ult.  which 
I  had  the  honor  of  receiving  the  1  Ith  inst.  You  will  per- 
ceive, Sir,  thit  I  was  in  dread  ten  minutes  ago  of  the  Messen- 
ger"'s  call  on  me.  Every  moment  increases  my  apprehen- 
sion. 

You  will  It^arn,  that  I  have  lost  no  opportunity  for  embark- 
ation ;  that  i  am  desired,  though  pooj'  as  a  church  mouse, 
to  embark  and  encounter  poverty  and  difficulty,  and  to  face 
bills  for  £100.000  sterling,  without  an  hundred  pence  in 
fcp.d.  Should  1  be  bankrupted  ;  should  I  be  lodged  within 
safe  wails-  remember  the  mortification  and  disgrace  will 
never  be  felt  nor  nppiicd  to  Henry  Laurens,  of  Chnrlestown, 
So.  Carolma,  nhose  credit  lias  been  always  firm  and  un- 
shaken.— Henry  Laurens,  Agent  for  the  United  States  of 
America,  under  the  helmageof  a  wise  and  fore-sighted  Con- 
gress, must  bear  the  burthen.  Poor  fellow  !  1  >hall  pity  him 
heartily;  and  as  he  is  generally  thought  to  be  a  man  of 
some  uuderslanding.  I  wonder  he  will  engage  in  the  business 
he  is  sent  upon  in  if.=i  present  strange  metamorphosed  state. 
I  know  he  might  avail  himself  of  the  dclinqiKncy  of  his  em- 
ployers, who  have  not  fulfilled  their  preliminary  cngage- 
mpnt,  and  ol  some  other  cimunstances  which  a'ou  know  of, 
and  be  exonerated  from  attempting  a  task,  which  appears 
too  great  to  be  performed  witn  that  despatch  and  accuracy 
which  he  has  ever  been  accustomed  to ;  but  he  hopes  for  the 
best ;  winks  at  the  miolakes  of  his  fellow  servants ;  and  sajs, 


372  Original  Letters, 

maugre  every  di?cour-^g(Miient,  he  will  endeavor  to  extricate 
them  from  the  dilemma  to  which  they  have  reduced  iti  m- 
selves  ;  and  for  this  purpose,  he  will  forego  the  sweets  of 
domestic  life,  and  the  benefits  of  kec  pmg  his  estate  together, 
which  has  be^ n  sadly  shattered  in  his  dbsencc.  These  are 
good  principles,  and  I  sincerely  wish  the  man  success,  but  he 
must  not  after  all  expect  to  be  thanked:  Indeed,  1  know  he 
entertains  no  such  views  ;  he  metns,  if  possible,  to  serve  his 
distressed  country,  and  to  find  his  reward  in  the  act.  So  let 
the  man  go,  and  God  bless  him. 

I  entreat  you,  my  dear  Sir,  to  favor  me  now  and  then 
with  an  historic  sheet  while  I  am  in  Europe,  and  add  the 
Journals  of  Congress.  When  you  know  of  a  safe  hand  go- 
ing to  France,  commit  your  packet  to  his  care  ;  he  will  find 
out  my  direction  and  means  for  conveyance,  and  you  may 
rely  upon  full  returns  on  my  part.  Don't  wdit  to  hear  of  my 
arrival,  but  bring  me  m  your  debt.  I'll  pay  the  principal 
and  interest. 

It  does  not  become  me  to  speak  freely  of  your  newly 
constructed  Boards,  but  I  am  sorry  in  truth  to  see  there 
is  a  daddy  at  one,  and  am  hoi-ribly  afraid  you  will  have 
a  mamma  at  another.  Good  God  !  is  it  possible  !  Are  we 
given  up  to  work  out  our  own  dissolution  ?  Will  the  States 
never  awake?  will  the  citizens  never  cry  nut?  Y^s,  they 
will ;  and  the  moment  in  which  th'  ir  voices  will  be  heard 
cannot  be  far  distant.  The  evil  wiil  purge  itself  off;  but 
alas  !  may  not  the  operation  be  too  violent  for  our  strength  ? 

Tell  my  good  friend,  General  Whipple,  that  I  continue  to 
love  him  ;  that  I  am  conscious  of  being  his  debtor;  that  I 
will,  if  possible,  pay  him  before  I  leave  America,  and  that  I 
entreat  him  to  let  me  hear  of  his  welfare.  Who  knows  but 
ray  return  to  America  may  be  through  New-Hampshire?  I 
am  determined  to  make  it  so,  if  the  choice  shall  rest  with  me, 
where  I  shall  embrace  you  and  him  and  some  others  whom 
1  have  the  confidence  to  mark  down  as  friends  in  that  quar- 
ter;  and  we  will,  like  old  fellows,  talk  of  old  stories,  and  ev- 
ery one  say,  aye,  if  they  had  taken  my  advice  it  would  not 
have  been  so. 

Farewell,  dear  Sir. — I  wish  you  health  and  happiness, 
and  remain,  with  sincere  regard, 

Your  obedient  and  most  humble  servant, 
HENRY  LAURENS. 

The  Honorable  Nathaniel  Peahody^  Esquire^ 
Philadelphia. 


1 


I 


Onsmal  Letters.  373 


Charlestozun,  So.  Carolina^  5th  Feb.  1 780. 

Dear  .S'?T, — I  bog  leave  to  rffer  you  to  my  Into  address,  un- 
Jer  the  24Lh  ult.  I  do  not  write  to  .Mr.  Lovel  by  the  present 
:o!ivey  ince,  from  an  opinion  that  he  has  before  this  lime 
left  Congress. 

Permit  me  to  recommend  for  immodiate  dispatch  the  in- 
closed Letter,  directed  to  Mess.  Smith,  Codman  and  Smith, 
at  Boston. 

You  will  learn  from  my  letter  to  the  committee  for  Foreign 
Affairs,  that  1  am  ch;<grined  and  mortified  by  the  finesse  of 
the  French  Commodore,  and  the  too  great  complaisance  of 
our  worthy  General  Commandant. — What,  in  such  circum- 
fct  vices,  can  T  do  ?  I  can  do  nothing  for  serving  or  promot- 
ini;  my  private  interests,  and  as  little  for  public  benefit.  My 
mind  is  anxious,  and  sometime^s  ??gitited — my  powers  are 
stagnant. — 1  would  give  a  great  p-M-i  of  the  little  remains  of 
mv  estate  that  1  had  nevor  acrepted  your  :ippointment. 

I  am  not  accustomed  to  being  in  still  zvater — but  the  di- 
lemma is  intolerable  when  I  ought  to  be  in  motion  by  com- 
mand of  my  Country.  B^  assup-d  I  will  leave  no  pro})er 
....  *  untried  for  obeying  those  commands  with  all  possible 
expedition. 

We  are  here  preparing  for  the  reception  of  a  menaced  at- 
tack by  a  very  formidable  force  from  New-York  and  Geor- 
gia :  four  hostile  ships  are  at  this  moment  cruising  before 
our  door.  Thank  God  !  they  cannot  rojne  within.  But  we 
have  not  yet  learned  what  troops,  or  whether  any,  are  land- 
ed in  Savannah.  Report  says  no  less  than  8000  are  expect- 
ed. 

I  will  not  boast  of  the  merits  of  my  rountrj'men  ;  but  I 
believe  they  are  displayed  in  gent  ral  more  upon  thp  spur, 
than  in  wise  precautionary  measures.  We  havt  snOered 
much  of  our  fortification  to  go  to  decay,  and  burned  the  for- 
mer range  of  abaltis.  We  are  now  all  alive  in  repairing 
these  defects  at  tenfold  expence  of  labor  and  money. 

Adieu,  dear  Sir. — Present  me  in  the  most  cordial  terms  to 
all  friends,  and  believe  me  to  continue,  with  great  respect 
and  regard, 

Your  most  obedient  humble  servant, 

HENRY  LAURENS. 
7'//c  Hon.  Knihaniel  P  ahody,  Esq. 

Delegate  from  JV*.  H.  in  Congress  at  Philadelphia. 

*  A  word  wanting  in  the  oilgiaal. 
43 


374  Original  Letters* 

Letter  from  Gen.  Nathaniel  Greene  to  Col.  Peabody. 

Camp  Charlotte^  Dec.  Sth,  1780. 

My  dear  Friend — I  have  had  no  opportunity'  of  acknowl- 
edging the  recoipl,  of  jour  polite  letter  of  introduction  to  Mr. 
Lee,  with  whom  I  was  verj  gracious  during  my  stop  at 
Richmond. 

What  shall  I  say  to  you  respecting  this  department  ?  To 
tell  you  the  truth,  1  dare  not ;  nor  would  you  believe  rae  if 
I  should.  Give  scope  to  your  imagination,  and  form  to 
yourself  as  bad  a  picture  as  you  can  draw,  and  still  it  will 
fall  short  of  the  real  state  of  things.  To  effect  an  entire 
reformation  of  the  plan  and  politics  of  this  country,  wou'd 
be  a  greater  t.isk  than  that  attempted  by  Martin  Luther  m 
the  Romish  church.  What  is  the  true  interest  of  this  coun- 
try appears  to  be  least  likely  to  be  adopted.  The  people 
are  iuipatient  under  sufferings  ;  and  1  am  afraid  their  desire 
to  remove  the  enemy  hastily  will  only  serve  to  precipitate 
them  into  new  misfortunes. 

Nothing  can  save  this  country  from  ruin,  but  a  good  per- 
manent army,  that  can  face  the  enemy  with  confidence. 
Then,  and  not  till  then,  the  people  will  be  with  you.  Every 
thing  in  this  country  depends  upon  opinion.  The  great 
bodies  of  militia  which  this  State  hcive  kept  on  foot,  has  well 
nigh  ruined  the  State,  and  its  currency  ;  and  must,  il  per- 
sisted in,  destroy  both. 

Every  body  is  a  General  here  ;  and  all  are  Legislators  5 
but  the  inhabitants  are  so  dispersed,  and  so  little  acrustora- 
ed  to  control,  that  it  is  difficult  to  govern  them,  either  by 
civil  or  military  authority. 

1  have  not  had  sufficient  opportunity  to  look  about  me,  to 
form  any  judgment  what  can  be  done  with  the  little  force 
I  have.  But  my  great  object  will  be,  to  avoid  a  great  mis- 
fortune, and  do  the  enemy  as  much  mischief  as  I  can  in  the 
little  partizan  war. 

General  Gates  left  this  to-day,  on  his  way  to  visit  bis  fam- 
ily. Many  think  him  more  unfortunate  than  criminal  ;  and] 
I  believe  his  long  retreat  was  the  only  fatal  stab  to  his  repu-; 
tation.  The  loss  of  his  son  upon  the  back  of  his  misfor-^ 
tune,  has  almost  broken  his  heart  :  it  has  effectually  his 
spirits. 

How  goes  on  the  battle  between  the  Committee  and  Con- 
gress ?  Will  it  prove  a  second  rdilion  ot  the  battle  of  the 
Kegs,  without  blood  nr  ^'lUaJ.ter.  notwithstanding  a  most 
tremendous  lire  of  hot  shot  and  round  charges?    What  is 


Indian  Troubles  at  IBoscawen.  376 

Jikely  to  be  the  issue  of  the  New-England  Convention  ?  Con- 
gro^s  must  have  powers  to  control  all  (he  States,  or  America 
is  forever  lost.  Yours  affectionately, 

N.  GREENE. 
Hon.  Naihanid  Ptahody, 


INDIAN"  TROUBLES  AT  BOSCAWEN. 

— o — 
l^roni  the  History  of  the  tow-n  of  Buscawen,  N.  H.,  just  published,  bj-  the  Rev.  Mr.  Price. ') 

— o— 

May,  1754.  Nathaniel  Meloon  and  family  were  taken  captive. 
Mr.  M.  had  recently  moved  his  family  from  the  fort  to  Stevens- 
town,  the  westerly  part  of  Salisbury.  While  on  his  way  hack 
to  the  fort  on  business,  a  party  of  Indians  came  upon  him,  and 
took  him.  They  knew  him — where  he  lived,  and  directed  him 
home.  The  family  consisted  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  M.  and  live  child- 
ren, named  Nathaniel,  Rachel,  John,  Daniel  and  Sarah  ;  all  of 
whom  were  taken  captive,  excepting  their  eldest  son,  who  was 
at  work  in  the  field  in  sight.  The  father  was  ordered  to  call  his 
son,  and  he  did  ;  but  the  son  saw  the  Indians,  and  understood  his 
fathers  wish  for  his  escape,  by  the  signiticancy  of  his  voice ; 
diopped  his  hoe,  fled  to  the  woods,  swam  Blackwater  river,  elu- 
d  jd  the  Indians'  pursuit,  and  reached  the  fort  in  salety.  The 
alarm  being  thus  givpn,  a  strong  detachment  marched  direct- 
ly up,  in  hope  of  recovering  the  captives,  but  it  was  too  late. 
The  Indians  had  hastily  taken  a  few  things  and  the  six  captives, 
and  were  out  of  their  reach  on  their  way  toward  Canada.  Mr. 
Meloon's  youngest  daughter,  about  a  year  old,  was  sick,  and  be- 
ing exposed,  grew  worse  1'he  Indians  took  the  child  from  the 
parents,  under  pretence  <■-.{  applying  medicine,  who  never  be- 
held her  afterwards.  In  other  respects  they  were  treated  hu- 
mmely  by  their  savage  captors,  though  their  travel  and  fare 
were  very  hard.  When  they  arrived  at  Canada,  they  were  sep- 
arated, aiM  sold  to  the  French.  Mr.  M.  and  wife,  however,  liv- 
ed together,  and  their  son  Joseph,  now  living  in  Salisbury,  N.  H. 
was  born  in  their  captivity,  1755.  After  a  servitude  of  more 
than  three  years  in  Canada,  Mr.  M.  and  wife  and  their  three  sons 
were  shipped  I'or  France  ;  but  on  their  voyage,  near  the  Grand 
Banks,  were  taken  by  the  British,  and  safely  landed  at  Portland, 
Me. ;  from  whence  they  travelled  by  land,  and  once  more  re- 
gained their  home,  after  an  aljsence  of  4  long  years  in  tedious 
captivity.  Their  eldest  daughter,  Rachel,  was  let't  behind,  and 
continued  in  Canada,  among  the  French  and  Indians  nine  years ; 
when  Samuel  Fowler,  Esq.  employed  by  her  parents,  brought 
her  home,  though  much  against  her  inclination.  She  afterwards 
married,  and  had  a  family  ;  but  always  retained  a  partiality  tor 
the  manners  and  habits  of  an  Indian  life 


376  Indian  Troubles  aJ,  Boscawen. 

August  15,  1754,  a  party  of  Indians  came  to  the  hoy?e  of 
Philip  Call,  who  had  just  before  moved  from  the  fort  into  the 
edge  of  Bakerstown,  now  the  easterly  part  of  Salisbury.*  Mrs. 
Call  was  in  the  house,  but  Mr.  Call,  his  son  and  a  hired  maa 
were  laboring  in  the  tield.  They  saw  the  Indians,  and  ran  to- 
wards home  ;  but  before  they  arrived,  the  barbarous  enemy  had 
killed  Mrs.  Call  with  a  tomahawk,  while  her  htisband  and  son 
were  so  near  as  to  hear  the  fatal  blow.  The  Indians  took  her 
scalp,  and  immediately  retired  to  the  woods.  Mr.  Call's  young 
man  repaired  to  the  fort  as  quick  as  possible  to  give  information  ; 
and  to  avoid  the  chase  of  the  Indians,  he  swam  the  Merrimack 
several  times.  A  detachment  of  fourteen  men,  armed  with 
muskets,  marched  directly  on  ;  but  the  Indians,  in  the  mean  time, 
suspecting  that  an  alarm  had  been  given,  and  that  they  should 
be  pursued,  secreted  themselves  in  ambush  by  the  way  side. 
Our  men  had  no  sooner  passed  them,  than  the  Indians  rc^e  from 
thrfr  hiding-place,  and,  after  a  short  struggle,  made  a  prisoner  of 
Enos  Bishop.  Timothy  Cook.,  whose  father  had  been  killed  at 
Clay  Hill,,  plunged  into  the  river  ;  seven  shots  were  made  at 
him,  and  the  seventh  took  his  life.  But  the  other  twelve  of  the 
detachment  made  their  escape,  and  returned  in  safety  to  the 
fort,  not  having  been  able,  from  some  cause,  to  tire  a  single  gun. 
Mr.  E.  Bishop  was  carried  captive  to  Canada,  and  there  un- 
fortunately, by  accident,  lost  one  of  his  eyes  ;  but  the  next  year 
made  his  escape  and  returned  home.  It  seems  that  provision 
was  made  for  his  I'ansom,  but  he  made  his  escape  before  it  was 
applied. 

1756.  E:^ekiel  Flanders  and  Edward  Emery]  were  killed  by  In- 
dians, when  hunting  beaver  by  New-ibund  pond,  between  Bris- 
tol ^nd  Hebron,  in  the  county  of  Graiton,  N.  H.  The  In- 
ditixis  afterward  iiifcrmed,  that  one  of  them  was  shot  when  skin- 
ning a  beaver  m  the  camp,  and  the  other  shot  at  the  same  time, 
in  sight  of  the  camp,  bringing  in  a  beaver  on  his  back. 

Mr.  Moses  Jackman,  now  living,  at  the  age  of  73,  son  of  Rich- 
ard Jackman,  deceased,  was  taken  captive  by  the  Indians,  June 
1757,  when  about  11  years  old.  Being  on  a  visit  at  his  uncle 
Clough''s  in  Canterbury,  and,  at  that  time  hoeing  in  the  orchard 
with  Dorset.,  Mr.  Clough's  negro  man  ;  four  Indians  of  the  St. 
Francis  tribe  imexpectedly  leaped  over  the  log  lence  within  a 
few  rods  of  them.  The  sight  was  so  appalling,  that  Dorset  caught 
young  Jackman  by  the  arm,  and  endeavored  to  hide ;  but  when 
the  Indians  had  gotten  within  a  lew  feet  of  them,  they  separated. 
Jackman  ran  towanl  the  barn,  but  before  he  reached  it  be  stum- 
bled, and  fell,  and    was  taken  by  an  old  Indian  and  young  sancp, 

*  We  have  some  doubts  as  to  the  correctness  of  the  local  distinction  here  given 
to  the  former  names  of  Salisbury.  That  town  was  originally  granted  hy  Massa- 
chusetts, and  was  kuown  by  the  name  of  Bakers-town.  It  was  afterwards  granted 
by  the  Masonian  proprietors,  Octohei  25,  1749,  and  then  called  iitev ens-town,  Irom 
Col.  Ebcnezer  Stevens  of  Kin^,ston.  We  had  always  understood  th*  se  names  to 
be  applifd  to  the  whole  township,  and  not  to  its  different  sections. — Editorf, 

•}•  Inhabitants  of  Contoocook. 


Indian  Troubles  at  Boscawen.  377 

(vho  pnrsnod  him.  He  very  soon  made  an  attempt  to  escape  out 
ot  tlieir  hands  by  running',  but  was  re-taken,  beaten  and  tied  ; 
and  to  intimidate  him,  as  it  would  seem,  the  ohl  Indian,  who 
hehl  him,  drew  his  hatchet  over  hhn  ae  if  to  cleave  his  bead 
asunder,  but  stopped  the  blow.  This  was  all  the  violent  usage 
[he  experienced  from  his  savage  master.  Dorset,  who  had  fled 
to  the  woods,  was  pursued  by  the  other  two  Indians  ;  who  took 
the  poor  fellow,  after  he  had  made  the  most  obstinate  resistance, 
and  received  from  them  much  abuse,  by  beating  his  face  and 
head  ;  which  drew  from  him  many  bitter  cries  of  "master!  mur- 
der !  murder ! !" 

The  Indians  soon  joined  in  company  with  their  captives,  and 
without  rifling  the  house,  the  family  having  all  gone  down  to  the 
fort,  they  sat  oft'  for  Canada.  They  travelled  through  the  woods, 
and  crossed  Merrimack  river,  at  the  falls,  having  made  a  light 
raft  tor  Dorset,  who  could  not  swim,  and  one  carried  young  Jack- 
man  over  upon  his  shoulder*:.  Their  first  night's  encampment 
was  by  Smith's  river.  Jackman  being  without  shoes,  his  feet  and 
legs  were  very  much  injured  ;  and,  for  his  relief  and  comfort, 
the  Indians  kindly  provided  him  with  moccasons  and  stockings. 
He  was  too  young  to  notice  the  points  or  the  distances  of  their 
daily  marches,  or  the  country  over  which  they  passed  ;  but  after 
several  daj'^s  hard  travel,  supported  mostly  by  the  scanty  game 
they  took  in  their  way,  the  Indians  reached  their  encampment, 
where  they  had  large  packs  of  beaver's  i'ur  and  one  canoe.  Here 
they  stopped  long  enough  to  make  another  canoe,  and  then  cm- 
barked  with  their  captives  and  effects,  and  descended  the  stream, 
which  brought  them  into  Lake  Champlain  ; — thence  to  St.  Johns 
and  to  Montreal.  At  Montreal, Jackman  and  Dorset  were  imprison- 
ed for  a  fortnight,  while  the  Indians  were  employed  in  trafficking 
oiT  their  furs.  But  on  their  return,  to  the  no  small  grief  of  these 
captives,  they  were  separated;  and  Jackman  never  saw  or  heard 
from  Dorset  afterwards. 

The  Indians  soon  after  this  conveyed  Jackman  to  St.  Francis^ 
and  sold  him  to  a  Frenchman.  While  on  this  tour,  he  saw  Chris- 
ti,  whom  he  had  often  seen  in  Boscawen,  and  knew  him,  and 
was  recognized  by  the  Indian.  He  lived  with  his  new  master 
until  1761,  after  peace  was  settled  between  the  French  and  En- 
glish, when  he  regained  his  liberty,  and  returned  to  his  friends. 


NOTE  BY  THE  EDITORS. 

In  our  ColIectioHs  for  1322,  page  62,  we  published  a  letter  ol 
Enos  Bishop,  written  while  in  captivity,  and  addressed  to  the  Rev. 
Mr.  Jewett,  of  Rowley,  Mass.  In  a  note,  it  is  there  stated,  that 
others  beside  Bishop  were  taken  captive  at  the  same  time  ;  but 
these  were  probably  inhabitants  of  Bakerstown  and  did  not  beloojf 
to  the  detatchment  mentioned  by  Mr.  Price. 


378  Essays  of  CincinyMlus. 

We  find  in  the  Council  Records  for  1754,  the  following  notice 
of  the  depredations  of  the  Indians  mentioned  in  the  preceding- 
narrative  : 

"  Aug:  1754.  T!ie  Spcretary  laid  before  the  board  his  Excellen- 
ce's letter,  givinn^  an  accounl  lie  had  received  of  some  inisrhief 
bting  done  by  the  Indians  at  a  place  called  Stevens-town,  on  tbe  troa- 
ticrs  of  this  government,  ?nd  cirected  to  the  taking  the  particulats  for 
ftifure  inforin-itioQ  from  And;e»v  M'Clary,  who  brought  the  advice  to 
feii  Excellfncj. 

"  The  said  Aiidiew  being  examined,  declared  that  Ephraim  Foster  und 
Ephraim  Rlror  arqur-.i-i  ted  the  declarant  that  they  were  at  Stevens  town, 
[Salishu'-v]  (he  day  alter  the  mischief  was  done  by  the  Indians,  and 
found  the  body  of  rvli«.  Call  lyi:ig  dead  near  the  door  of  !ier  house, 
Bcalped,  aiid  her  head  almost  tut  off^  and,  upon  further  search,  found 
the  oo.Jv  of  a  mao,  whose  name  was  Cock,  dead  ond  scaiped  ;  that  the 
Indians  were  supposed  to  be  ab'Ut  thirty  in  numh-;  r.  according  to  the 
account  of  eight  men;  that  upon  hearing  the  news,  went  immediately 
from  Contoocook,  [B'scawpn]  to  Stevens-town,  and  la  their  wa»  ^a-sed 
by  the  enemy,  who  soon  folloived  them,  and  seeing  the  Indians  too  many 
in  number  toeng'ge,  they  pasted,  and  endeavored  tt  esr,a:'i.  O-^""  of 
the  com,>;»ny,  one  Bishop,  sto<id  some  time  and  fired  at  the  Indians,  but 
was  soon  obliged  to  run.  Cook  was  found  dead  by  the  river's  side — 
Bishop  supposed  to  be  killed  siid  sunk  in  the  river,  he  being  still  miss- 
jug- —  That  there  were  two  men  ijelonging  to  the  said  plantation  al  a 
dis'^ncc,  working  in  a  meadow,  that  as  yet  --ft-  not  come  'u,  and  'vas 
feared  bad  faKeu  into  the  enemas  hanls.  That  ni  tht  declaiant  u  ulor- 
stood,  the  inhabitanlr-.  consisting  of  abont  eight  fanuiies.  were  coine 
down  into  the  lower  towns,  and  hid  left  their  improvements,  corn,  hay, 
cattle,  &c. 

"  Upon  which.the  council  came  to  the  following  resolve,  viz. — That  his 
Excellency  be  desired  to  givtJ  immediate  otders  for  enlist. ag  or  ii;  nrpss- 
itig  such  a  number  of  men  as  he  may  think  proper  in  this  eme.gcf.y, 
aad  dispose  of  the  same  to  encourr.ge  thf'  s^^ttlers  to  return  t^  tiieir 
haoiiauons,  aiid  to  secure  their  cattle  and  harvest,  and  to  eocouiage  the 

•ther  trontiers  in  that  quarter." 


FOR    THE    MONTHLY    LITERARY    JOURNAL. 


CINCINNATUS— No.  XCVI. 

GOVERNMENT. 

As  every  person  is  bound  to  yield  implicit  obedience  to  the 
laws,  they  ought  to  be  as  simple,  plain  and  intelligible,  as  possi- 
ble, that  they  may  be  known  and  understood  by  every  man, 
unless  he  is  culpably  inattentive  to  them  :  for  the  ignorance  of 
law,  Gxcuseth  no  man  from  its  penalties.  But  too  many  of  our 
st^itutes  are  replete  with  prolixity,  verbosity,  and  tautology  ; 
and  instead  of  expressing  their  meaning  with  the  utmost  clear- 
ness, they  are  involved  in  gr^at  obscurity ;  and  aliound  with 
techaicai  terms  and  hard  words,  which  the  people  cannot  under- 


Essays  of  Cincinnnfus.  379 

stand.  The  profuse  and  unnecpssarv  multiplirat'on  of  wor-ls  in 
a  sUitut  ,  is  a  serious  and  public  mischief;  wt)Jch  not  only  im- 
pairs the  law,  but  renders  its  incanina:  more  doubtful  and  unc<'r- 
tain.  The  practice,  which  has  recently  incr'^ased,  of  passing 
a  law  repealing  all  former  laws  inconipatiblo  with  its  provisions, 
is  very  mischievous:  for  it  often  renders  it  doubtful  and  uncer- 
tain what  is  repealed,  and  what  is  not.  Instances  might  be  cited, 
where  not  only  common  people,  but  judges  and  lawyers  have 
disagre'^l  in  tlvir  opinion  upon  the  meaning  and  intent  of  such  a 
repealing  chiuse. 

Another  source  of  u-icertainty  in  the  laws,  proceeds  from  the 
fac-'ty  and  precipitation  with  vvhJch  they  are  passed,  and,  in 
particular,  from  the  inconsiderate  manner  with  which  amend- 
ments ar^^  made  to  bills  on  their  passage.  The  effect  and  opera- 
tion of  these  amendments  are  not  duly  examined — indoed  they 
ars  sometimes  in  direct  opposition  to  some  other  provisio'i  of 
the  sam-^  bill,  and  often  render  it  doubtful  and  uncertain.  But  the 
grtvitesi  source  of  doubt  and  uuceriainty,  arises  from  the  haste 
and  careies'  I'iss  with  wliich  bills  are  drawn;  and  from  the  ap- 
po.Mtmont  of  men  for  drawing  them  who  are  incompetent  to  the 
task.  There  ought  to  be  men  of  more  talent  and  better  informa- 
tion appointed  to  draw  bills;  and  more  time  and  attention  de- 
voted to  the  investigation  and  consideration  of  the  subject  in  all 
it;  various  bearings  and  relations  to  existing  laws,  and  to  the 
effects  it  will  produce  upon  society.  Such  a  cautious  course  ot 
proceeding  would  rend.-^r  our  laws  more  clear  and  explicit,  as 
ivell  as  more  useful  and  efficacious. 

The  imcertainty  of  law  is  proverbial ;  It  is  not  so  with  treatises 
on  naiure  ;  evory  plant  is  described  with  such  certainty  that  those 
who  never  saw  them,  know  ihem.  There  is  nothing  in  the  na- 
ture of  the  subject  of  law-making,  that  can  necessarily  render 
lavv's  vague  and  uncertain.  They  must  therefore  proceed  from 
the  ;arele9cness  and  gross  inattention,  or  from  the  ignorance  and 
incapacity,  of  legislators.  If  an  evil  occurs  in  societ}^,  that  re- 
quires the  legislature  to  pass  a  law  to  remedy  it;  if  the  evil  and 
its  remedy  are  known,  tber:.  can  be  no  difficulty  in  drawing  the 
bill  in  such  plain  and  defmite  language,  that  every  man  who  has 
common  sense,  and  has  received  a  common  school  education, 
may  read  and  understand  it,  witho^jt  waiting  to  have  suits 
brought  and  de  (;rmined  by  courts  of  law,  to  settle  the  import 
and  meaning  of  the  statute.  This  uncertainty  of  the  law  is  a 
source  of  wealth  to  lawyers,  but  it  deprives  many  people  ol" 
their  property,  and  involves  them  in  o^uarrels  and  controversies, 
to  the  great  injury  oi'  the  community. 

Laws  ougl  t,  as  far  as  tho  nature  of  government  and  the  security 
of  the  people  will  permit,  to  be  general,  and  not  particular  and  lo- 
cal. I  am  serwilde  that  in  every  stage  ot  society,  occasions  will  oc- 
cur, where  Justice  and  st^uud  policy  require  what  are  termed  jn-i- 
■sate  or  local  acts  to  be  passed  for  the  relief  of  individuals  ;md  for 


380  Essays  of  Cincinnatus. 

particular  sections  of  country  ;  but  on  this  subject  there  hag 
been  too  much  of  legislation,  and  the  relief  which  some  of  those 
local  and  private  laws  contemplated,  might  have  been  more 
safely  and  promptly  obtained  by  a  general  law. 

The  great  number  of  laws  that  are  annually  made  in  this  coun- 
try, is  an  evil  of  great  magnitude.  There  is,  perhaps,  no  nation 
that  makes  so  many  laws  in  a  year  as  are  made  in  the  United 
States.  In  Great  Britiin,  one  of  their  well  informed  statesmen 
recently  observed,  that  the  number  of  public  acts  made  in  that 
kingdom  for  the  last  twenty  years,  averaged  one  hundred  and 
forty  a  year;  which  he  considered  as  a  public  grievance,  that 
required  redress.  But  great  as  that  number  is,  and  though  the 
population,  wealth  and  business  of  that  nation  far  exceeds  that  of 
the  United  States,the  number  of  laws  we  annually  make,  far  exceeds 
that  number.  I  have  not  sufficient  information  to  state  the  pre- 
cise number  of  laws,  public  and  private,  that  are  annually  passed 
by  Congress  and  the  several  State  legislatures,  but  I  am  certain 
more  laws  are  enacted  than  are  either  useful  or  necessary. 

I  have  a  copy  of  all  the  laws  passed  by  Congress  since  the 
adoption  of  the  constitution  of  the  United  States,  and  from  them 
it  appears  they  have  passed  two  thousand,  five  hundred  and  sixty 
seven  laws,  which  is  more  than  one  hundred  and  fifty  to  each 
Congress,  and  for  the  last  thirty  four  years  averages  more  than 
seventy  five  a  year.  An  inspection  of  these  laws  will  shew  their 
number  has  rapidly  increased  ;  for  the  last  Congress  enacted  fifty 
four  laws  more  than  both  of  the  two  first  Congresses.  If  they 
increase  at  that  rate  for  seventeen  Congresses  more,  they  will  be 
so  numerous  and  voluminous,  as  to  be  read  only  by  a  few  states- 
men, judges  and  lawyers. 

The  legislatures  of  the  several  States  annually  pass  a  great 
number  of  laws.  Though  in  New  Hampshire  they  make  fewer 
than  in  several  of  the  other  States,  yet  in  the  last  nine  years, 
they  passed  six  hundred  and  fifty-four  laws,  averaging  more  than 
seventy  a  year.  In  ten  of  the  States,  from  information  I  have  re- 
ceived and  which  1  l;elieve  is  accurate,  it  appears  that  the  leg- 
islatures of  those  States  in  one  year,  passed  one  thousand  five 
huiidred  and  sixty  five  laws,  besides  resolves — there  is  therefore 
no  doubt  that  the  whole  number  of  State  laivs  annually  made 
exceeds  two  thousand,  which  is  more  than  eighty  to  each  State. 
If  there  be  an  error  in  this  estimate,  it  is  that  of  being  too  low  ; 
for  in  one  year  three  States  passed  seven  hundred  sixty  one  laws. 

Within  a  few  years  the  laws  passed  by  the  Sta^e  legislatures, 
as  well  as  those  by  Congress,  have  greatly  increased.  This  ex- 
cessive passion  for  multiplying  laws  is  a  serious  evil — indeed,  of 
all  the  excesses  which  a  free  government  can  commit,  that  of 
an  excess  of  legislation  is  the  most  mischievous.  "It  too  often 
happens,"  says  a  late  writer,  ''  that  there  is  so  much  law  that 
there  is  no  room  for  justice,  and  the  claimant  expires  of 
wrong,  iu  the  midst  of  right,  as  mariners  die  of  thirst  ia   tne 


Essays  of  Clncinnalus,  381 

midst  of  water."  A  well  informed  gentleman  of  this  State,  in 
a  letter  I  recently  received  from  him  upon  this  subject,  ob- 
serves, "  The  more  I  read  upon  political  economy,  and  the  more 
I  reflect  upon  the  nature  of  man,  the  stronger  is  my  conviction 
that  legislators  have  done  too  much.  Instead  of  multiplying 
regulations,  it  would  be  better  to  repeal,  and  continue  to  repeal, 
until  nothing  remained  but  a  few  provisions  for  the  punishment 
of  crimes,  and  some  general  laws  regulating  property  and  se- 
curing it  to  the  owner." 

It  should  be  an  object  with  legislators,  to  make  their  laws  as 
permanent  and  as  unchangeable,  as  the  nature  of  man  and  the 
state  of  affairs  will  permit.  This  would  reduce  the  number  of 
our  laws;  and  we  should  find  it  better  to  submit  to  considerable 
inconveniences,  than  to  the  greater  evils  which  necessarily  re- 
sult from  frequently,  and  continually  changing  the  old  and  enact- 
ing  new  laws.  Almost  every  old  law  that  is  altered,  and  new  one 
that  is  made,  instead  of  diminishing,  increases  the  mass  of  doubt 
and  uncertainly  which  previously  existed  :  for  it  should  never 
be  forgotten  that  the  import  and  meaning  of  a  statute  cannot  be 
considered  as  fixed  and  certain  but  by  the  adjudications  and  de- 
cisions of  the  judges,  whose  views  and  opinions  are  very  differ- 
ent from  those  who  made  the  laws,  and  who  often  adopt  princi- 
ples and  rules  of  construction  different  from  those  of  the  legisla- 
ture. Nor  should  it  be  forgotten  that  where  new  laws  are  fre- 
«[uently  made,  and  old  ones  often  changed  or  abrogated,  the 
people  lose  their  respect  and  confidence  for  them,  and  inscnd- 
bly  form  habits  of  neglect  and  disobedience  to  the  laws.  When 
we  consider  how  much  government  is  indebted  to  public  opinion 
for  its  support,  legislators  ought  studiously  to  avoid,  as  far  as  the 
public  interest  will  permit,  every  measure  which  tends  to  divert 
the  attention  or  alienate  the  affections  of  the  people  from 
the  laws. 

But  a  change  of  circumstances  may,  and  in  fact  sometimes 
does,  require  a  change  in  our  laws  ;  and  the  system  may  require 
the  introduction  of  milder  and  more  rational  principles  ;  but 
these  improvements  should  be  made  gradually  and  with  great 
caution.  No  reformation  of  great  importance,  in  manners,  piin- 
ciples,  or  laws,  that  is  suddenly  made,  can  be  lasting — to  be  per- 
manent, it  must  be  effected  gradually.  If  no  bill  was  to  be  passed 
until  the  occasion,  or  interest  of  the  people  required  it,  and  not 
then  without  a  thorough  investigation,  our  laws  would  be  neither 
so  numerous  or  uncertain  as  they  now  are. 

As  the  design  and  object  of  the  laws  are  to  form  a  rule  of 
action  to  regulate  and  direct  the  conduct  of  tlie  people,  they 
ought  to  be  so  few  in  number,  and  their  meaning  so  clear,  that 
every  man  who  is  disposed,  might  have  opportunity  and  time  to 
read  and  understand  them  ;  but  that  is  very  far  from  being  the 
case.  The  number  of  volumes  which  contain  the  laws  ol  Con- 
gress and  those  of  e  State,  are  so  many,  and  the  ^»rice  sp  great, 
49 


382  Essays  of  Cincinnatus. 

that  most  people  are  deterred  from  attempting  to  procure  aatl 
read  them.  To  many  people  the  expense  is  too  great — a  set  of 
the  laws  of  Congress  cannot  be  purchased  for  less  than  thirty  oi 
forty  dollars  ;  and  the  fact  is,  very  few  men  in  any  one  State  own 
them.  I  hazard  but  little  in  saying,  that  of  the  judges  and  law- 
yers in  New-Hampshire  there  is  not  one  in  twenty  who  have  al 
those  laws,  though  it  is  their  duty  to  read  and  understand  them, 
In  a  free  republican  government,  there  is  a  greater  necessity  and 
more  utility,  in  having  the  laws  more  generally  known  and  un- 
derstood, than  in  that  of  any  other  government.  This  single  con- 
sideration ought  to  induce  our  legislators  to  render  their  numbei; 
less,  and  their  meaning  clearer. 

In  the  course  of  these  essays,  I  shall  have  occasion  to  remark 
upon  the  nature  and  character  of  our  laws  on  some  of  the  prin- 
cipal subjects  of  legislation.  I  therefore  omit  further  observa- 
tions at  this  time.  • 

But  there  is  an  inquiry  respecting  legislators  which  ought  to 
be  made  ;  and  that  is,  what  security  have  the  people  against 
their  misconduct  ?  "  Laws,"  says  Taylor,  '•  to  protect  the  prop- 
erty of  naticfns  against  governments,  are  as  necessary  as  laws  to 
puptect  the  preperty  of  one  man  against  another."  It  is  a  fact 
not  to  be  controverted,  that  instances  have  occurred  where  legis- 
lators have  not  only  passed  unjust  laws,  but  have  become  oppres- 
sors— imposed  unnecessary  and  grievous  burthens  upon  the 
people — and  sacrificed  the  pviblic  interest  to  promote  their  own, 
and  secure  office,  place,  and  emolument  to  themselves,  their 
families,  and  friends.  The  history  of  the  world  affords  too  many 
instances  where  nations  have  not  only  been  oppressed,  but  ruined 
and  destroyed  by  the  vices  and  misconduct  of  their  legislators. 
Indeed,  it  is  difficult  to  conceive  how  a  free  nation  can  be  greatly 
injured,  if  its  legislators  are  faithful  and  perform  their  duty. 
They  not  only  hold  the  purse  strings  of  the  nation,  but  possess 
the  power  of  removing  the  highest  and  most  important  officers 
from  office,  whenever  they  are  convinced  they  are  guilty  of  cor- 
ruption, or  such  crimes  and  high  misdemeanors  as  render  them 
unfit  for  office.  The  answer  to  the  inquiry  we  proposed,  may 
be  made  in  a  few  words.  The  greatest  security  against  the  mis- 
conduct of  legislators,  consists  in  the  people  having  power  to 
elect  legislators  frequently  and  for  short  periods  of  time,  and  in 
having  them  divided  into  two  houses,  each  with  a  negative  upon 
the  other.  So  long  as  the  people  prudently  and  faithfully  exer- 
cise their  elective  franchise,  no  great  or  permanent  mischief  can 
be  done  by  bad  legislators  to  the  people  :  for  if  the  people  do 
their  duty,  they  will  not  re-elect  such  men.  In  every  stage  of 
our  inquiry,  and  the  more  our  system  of  government  is  examin- 
ed, the  more  important  will  the  due  exercise  of  the  right  to 
elect  men  to  office  appear. 

CINCINNATUS; 

October  3,  1823. 


(  383  ) 

The  Baltle  of  Lexington. 
The  American  revolutionary  war  began  with  the  battle  at 
liiGxington,   April    19,  1775.     The  evening  before,  at  11  o'- 
clock,800  grenadiers  and  light  infantry,  the  'lower  of  the  roy- 
al army,  embarked  at  the  west  part  of  the  Common  in  Bos- 
ton ;  landed  at  Lechmere  Point,  and  marched  for  Concord, 
under  the  command  of  Lieut.  Col.  Smith.     Intelligence  was 
sent  into  the  adjacent  towns,  that  the  British  army  v/as  in  mo- 
tion, and  upon  some  hostile  design.     The  mililia  of  Lexing- 
ton were  assembled  by  two  in  the  morning,  to  the  number  of 
130.     No  enemy  appearing,  they  were  dismissed,  with  or- 
ders to  assemble  at  the  beat  of  the  drum.     Between  4  and  6 
they  assembled  again,  to  the  number  of  70;  and  the  British 
troops  soon  made  their  appearance.     Major  Pitcairn,  who 
led  the   advanced  guard,   rode  up   to  the   militia,  declared 
them  rebels,  and  ordered  ihem  to  disperse.     They  continued 
in  abody,  on  which  he  discharged  his  pistol,  and  ordered  his 
troops  to  fire.  Four  of  the  militia  fell,  and  as  they  were  dis- 
persing, four  more  were  killed  and  several  wounded.*     The 
British  proceeded  to  Concord,  began  hostilities  also  in  that 
town,  and  destroyed  some  military  stores.     On  returning  to 
Lexington,  they  were  greatly  annoyed   by  the  Americans, 
who  began  to  collect  in  great  numbers.     At  Lexington,  the 
regulars   were  joined  by  a  detachment  of  900  men,  under 
Lord  Percy,  with  two  field  pieces,  who  checked  the  ardor  of 
the  provincials,  and  covered  the  retreat  of  the  royal  army. 
A  little  after  sunset,  the  British  army  arrived  at  Charlestown, 
I  N^  extremely  fatigued,   and  not  a  little  chagrined  at  the  events 
\  of  the  day.     In  this  battle,  the  British   had  65  killed,  174 
wounded,  and  4  made  prisoners.  Of  the  Americans,  51  were 
killed,  33  wounded,  and  4  were  missing.t 

In   the  connection  of  causes,  thjs  event,  occasioned  by 
British  insolence,  served  to  produce  the  Independence  of 

*Tlie  KILLED  were  Ensign  Robert  Monroe,  Messrs.  Jonas  Parker,  Samuel  Had- 
,  ley,  Jonathan  Harrington,  jun.,  Isaac  Muzzoy,  Caleb  Harrington,  ami  John  BrowN, 
of  Lexington,  and  Asahel  Porter  of  Wohiirn.  To  the  memory  of  these  martyrs  in 
the  cause  of  freedom,  a  monument  is  erected  near  the  meeting-house  in  Lexington. 
The  WOUNDED  were  Jedidiali  Monroe,  Tiiomas  Winship,  Nathaniel  Farmer,* 
John  Robbins,  Solomon  Pierce,  Joseph  Comee,  Ebenezer  Monroe,  jun.  and  Prince, 
a  negro,  all  ef  Lexington,  and  Jacob  Bacon  of  Woburn. 

*  Erroneously  inserted  in  the  Mass.  Hist.  Coll.  as  JVathamel  Feamvz — an  error 
derived  from  the  "  J^arrative  of  the  Exatrsion  of  the  King's  Troops." 

t  For  a  List  of  the  killed,  wounded  and  missing,  see  Coll.  of  Mass.  Hist.  Society, 
vol.  viii.  2d  series,  p.  45. 


Queen  Anne's  Warrant  relating  to  the  swearing  of  John  Went' 

zoorth,  Esq.  a  member  of  her  Maje$ty''s  CounciL 

AlNNE  R. 

Trusty  and  well  beloved — Wee  greete  j^ou   well — Wee 

being  well  satisfied  of  the  loyaltie,  and  integrity  and  ability 

of  our  trusty  and  well  beloved  JohnWentworth,  Esq.  have 


384  Miscellanies. ..Mo.    V. 

America,  the  revolution  of  France,  and  to  shake  the  founda- 
tions of  despotism  throughout  all  Europe. 

Extract  from  the  Records  of  Ipswich,  Mass.  Lib.  1,  Fol.  108, 
relating  to  the  funeral  of  Rev.  Thomas  Cobbet.  Mr.  Cobbet 
died  November  5,  1685. 
"  At  a  meeting  of  the  Selectmen,  the  6th  of  Nov.  1685,  \ 
Agreed  with  respect  to  the  Rev.  Mr.  Gobbet's  funeral ;  that 
Deac.  Goodhue  provide  one  barrel  of  wine,  and  half  a  hun- 
dred weight  of  sugar  ;  and  that  he  send  it  to  Mr.  Gobbet's 
house  next  second  day  of  the  week  in  the  morning,  for  which 
he  is  to  have  in  pay  (not  money)  four  shillings  by  the  gal- 
Jon,  and  6d.  a  pound  for  the  sugar — that  Mr.  Rust  provide, 
if  he  can  against  the  funeral,  gloves  suitable  for  men  and 
women,  to  the  value  of  five  or  six  pounds,  (not  money  pay) ; 
some  spice  and  ginger  for  the  cyder — that  a  man  be  sent 
to  Lyn,  to  acquaint  friends  with  the  solemn  providence 
here — that  some  be  taken  care  with,  that  the  corps  be  wrap- 
ped up  in  the  coiFin  in  tar  with  canvas — that  some  persoUvS 
be  appointed  to  look  to  the  drawing  of  the  wine  and  heating 
of  the  cyder  against  the  time  appointed  for  the  funeral  next 
Monday  at  one  o'clock,  and  such  as  will  be  careful  in  the 
distribution.  The  Selectmen  desire  ensign  Stacy  to  see 
there  be  effectual  care  taken  with  respect  to  the  above- 
named  occasions,  and  an  account  taken  of  the  charge  and 
cost  expended. 

£      s.  d. 
Imprimis.     To  Deac.  Goodhue  for  wine  32  gals,  at  4*.         -  -  6      08 

To  62  lbs.  of  sugar  of  said  Goodhue  at  Gt^.  -  -  1       11 

For  gloves  of  said  Goodhue         ....  .  1       10 

ToMrs.  WainwrightS  doz.  ofgloves         -        -  -  3      14 

To  Nath.  Rust  for  money  laid  out  at  funeral        -  -  2        4 

To  said  Rust  going  to  Salem  ....  -04 

To  Mrs.  Towzey  for  sugar 0      10 

To  John  Annable  for  wood  for  the  five        .--04 
To  Edward  Dorr  for  cyder         ....  -  Oil 

To  Ensign  Simon  Stacy 0        2 

To  Nathaniel  Lord  for  making  the  coffin  -  -  0        8 

To  Mr.  Wilson  digging  the  grave       ...  .  026 

To  John  Sparks  for  wheat  as  money  -        -  -  0        3    6 

To  Abraham  Perkins  going  to  Newbury  to  inform 

John  Cobbet  of  his  father's  death     -        -  .  0        3 

To  Bonus  Norton  going  to  Lyn  to  inform  friends  there  0        4 

Summa  Totalis,  £17      19    0 


Miscellanies.... J^o.    V.  385 

thought  fitt  hereby  to  signifie  our  will  and  pleasure  to  you 
that  you  forthwith  upon  receipt  hereof  you  swear  and  admiti 
him  the  said  John  Wcntworth  to  be  one  of  our  council  ol 
thpt  our  Province  of  New-Hampshire  in  the  room  and  place 
of  VVinthropp  Hilton,  Esq.  deceased.  And  for  soe  doing 
this  shall  be  your  warrant.  And  soe  we  bidd  you  farewell. 
Given  at  our  Court  at  Saint  James's  the  fourteenth  day  of 
February  1711-12,  in  the  tenth  year  of  our  regne. 

lies 

By  her  Maj       Command, 

DARTMOUTH. 

To  our  Trusty  and  7oell  beloved 
Joseph  Dudley,  Esq.  c^^c. 

DonU  give  up  the  vessel. — In  May  1776,  Capt.  Mugford, 
commanding  the  continental  armed  sch.  Franklin,  captured 
a  British  ship  of  300  tons,  and  mounting  6  guns.  In  the 
then  state  of  the  country,  she  was  invaluable,  as  her  cargo 
was  entirely  made  up  of  the  munitions  of  war.  Captain 
Mugford,  after  seeing  his  prize  safe  into  Boston  harbor,  was 
going  out  again,  but  the  tide  making  against  him,  he  came 
to  an  anchor  off  Pudding-gut  Point ;  the  next  morning  by 
the  daw'n  of  day,  the  sentry  saw  thirteen  boats  from  the 
British  men  of  war,  making  for  them  ;  they  were  prepared 
to  receive  them  before  they  could  board  the  schooner.  She 
sunk  five  of  the  boats,  the  remainder  attempting  to  board, 
they  cut  off  the  hands  of  several  of  the  crews,  as  they  laid 
them  on  the  gun-wale.  The  brave  Capt.  Mugford,  making 
a  blow  at  the  people  in  the  boats  with  a  cutlass,  received  a 
wound  in  the  breast,  on  which  he  called  his  lieutenant,  and 
said,  "  I  am  a  dead  man,  donH  give  up  the  vessel,  you  will  be 
able  to  beat  them  off,  if  not,  cut  the  cable  and  run  her  on 
shore;"  he  expired  in  a  few  minutes.  The  lieutenant  then 
ran  her  on  shore,  and  the  boats  made  off.  Those  who  wore 
taken  up  from  the  boats  which  were  sunk,  say  they  lost  sev- 
enty men  ;  the  Franklin  had  but  one  man  killed  besides  the 
captain. 

Brilliant  exploit  during  the  Revolutionary  War. — It  was 
in  the  evening  during  the  Revolutionary  War,  when  a  num- 
ber of  whigs  had  assembled  as  usual,  to  talk  over  the  events 
of  the  day,  in  the  Crawford  and  Donaldson's  insurance 
office,  in  Market-street,  Philadelphia,  that  the  circumstance 
of  the  General  Monk  being  in  the  Delaware  Bay,  capturing 
or  overwhelming  the  coasters,  came  under  consideration. 
It  was  resolved  that  a   committee  be   appointed  to  obtain 


3B6  Miscellanies. ..,No,   V. 

nione}'-  and  fit  oul  a  vessel  for  the   express  purpose  of  cap' 
turing  the  General  Monk. 

The  money  was  obtained  from  the  bank  of  North  Amer- 
ica, and  in  subscriptions  from  the  houses  of  Conejngham 
and  Nesbitt,  Willing  and  Morris,  Mead  and  Fitzsimmons, 
Thomas  Leiper  and  John  Wilcox.  John  Wilcox,  one  of 
the  committee,  purchased  the  Kyder  Ally,  from  John 
Wright  Stanley  ;  the  command  of  her  was  given  to  Capt. 
Barney,  and  a  crew  of  volunteers,  chiefly  from  the  regular 
service,were  engaged;  secresy  was  fortunately  preserved  as 
to  her  destination  ;  a  commission  as  a  letter  of  marque  was 
duly  issued.  In  a  week  Barney  was  ready  with  his  young 
officers,  one  of  whom  was  the  late  Col.  Patton,  Postmaster 
of  that  city,  for  the  expedition.  The  H.  A.  sailed.  Bar- 
ney gave  orders,  "  when  I  command  you  to  board,  fire 
coolly  and  deliberately,  and  with  efiect,  and  when  I  order 
you  to  fire,  do  you  board.  She  went  down  the  bay  in 
gallant  style,  disguised  as  a  merchantman  under  a  heavy 
press  of  sail,  with  two  pilots  on  board,  one  on  deck,  and  the 
other  below  in  case  of  accident.  Barney  saw  the  General 
Monk,  and  pretended  a  desire  to  escape.  The  General 
Monk  immediately  pursued.  Barney  saw  he  could  outsail 
the  General  Monk,  and  ordered  the  drag  anchor  overboard  : 
the  consequence  was  the  rapid  approach  of  the  Gen.  Monk. 
Barney  in  a  loud  authoritative  tone  gave  orders  to  prepare 
for  boarding.  The  commander  of  the  Gen.  Monk,  deceived, 
directed  his  men  to  line  the  side  of  the  vessel,  and  repel  the 
assailants.  The  moment  they  were  at  their  posts,Barney  cri- 
ed fire.  The  shock  was  sudden  and  severe.  The  commander 
of  the  Gen.  Monk  and  several  other  officers  instantly  fell. 
The  Gen.  Monk  returned  the  fire  ;  but  it  was  now  too  late 
to  ret-.'ieve.  When  Barney  ordered  his  men  to  fire,  they 
boai'd'^d  without  resisiance ;  a  horrid  sight  met  their  view  ; 
nearly  one  hundred  ■'iiled  and  wounded  lay  upon  the  deck, 
the  blood  ran  in  streajns.  The  Gen.  Monk  was  armed  with 
eight  nine  pounders,  and  a  full  and  well  disciplined  force  of 
one  hundred  and  thirty  men. 

The  Hyder  Ally  Avas  armed  with  four  nine  pounders  and 
twelve  six  pounders  and  one  hundred  and  twenty  lands- 
men. The  Gen.  Monk  Ipst  in  killed  and  wounded  about  one 
hundred.  The  Hyder  All}'  lost  four  or  five  killed  and  one 
or  two  wounded.  The  victory  was  obtained  in  fifteen  min- 
utes, and  was  one  of  the  most  brilliant  atchievments  during 
the  war.  The  Gen.  Monk  was  afterwards  purchased  by 
the  government,  and  the  Hyder  Ally  was  returned  uninjur- 


Miscellanies.... J^o.   V.  387 

ed  to  Mr.  Stanley,  and  the  money  appropriated  for  the  outfit 
was  repaid  by  governmen*. 

Smoking  at  Harvard  College, — It  sccras  that  the  practice  of 
smoking  among  the  students  at  Harvard  College  prevailed  as 
early  as  1696.  Josiah  Cotton,  in  his  '^Memoirs  of  his  own 
times,"  says,  referring  to  the  time  he  was  a  mem  her  of  col- 
lege, "  this  year,  [1 69G]  1  learned  among  other  acts,  to  smoke 
it,  but  might  have  improved  my  lime  nmch  better,  for  so  much 
time  is  consumed  in  playing  and  eating,  and  other  necessary 
diversions  of  life,  that  we  no  need  to  continue  those  that  are 
altogether  needless.  This  is  a  practice  I  should  not  have 
run  so  readily  into  at  home,  for  tny  father  and  mother  never 
inclined  to  it,  but  example  abroad  brought  me  into  it."  In 
another  part  of  his  memoirs,  he  says,  "  1  have  also  reduced 
smoking  to  some  rules  •,  for  above  ^0  years,  I  have  hardly 
smoked  it  before  noon,  or  before  dinner.  I  never  smoke  rid- 
ing, or  a  bed  ;  the  slavery  of  many  a  one  to  a  pipe,  &c.  is 
shameful." 


From  the  time  of  the  arrival  of  the  first  settlers  of  New- 
England  to  1680,  th(;  solemization  of  marriages  was  perform- 
ed by  a  magistrate,or  by  persons  specially  appointed  foi^hat 
purpose,  who  were  confined  to  particular  towns  or  districts. 
Governor  Hutchinson,  in  his  history  of  Massachusetts,  says, 
he  believes  "  there  was  no  instance  of  marriage  by  a  clergy- 
man during  their  first  charier."  If  a  minister  happened  to 
be  present,  he  was  desired  to  pray.  It  is  difficult  to  assign 
the  reason  \\\\y  clergymen  were  excluded  from  performing 
this  ceremony*.  In  new  plantations,  it  must  have  been  ad- 
ministered by  persons  not  the  most  proper  for  that  purpose, 
consideriug  of  what  importance  it  is  to  society,  that  a  sense 
of  this  ordinance,  in  some  degree  sacred,  should  be  main- 
tained and  preserved. 

July  18,  1776.  The  Militia  of  New  Hampshire  was  divided 
into  two  Brigades,  of  which  William  Wliipple  was  appointed 
Brigadier-General  of  the  1st,  and  John  Stark  Brigadier  General 
of  the  2d.  The  1st,  Brigade  contained  the  regiments  command- 
ed by  Messrs.  Whipple,  Evans,  Moulton,  Oilman,  Bartlett,  Thorn- 
ton, Webster,  Badger  and  McClary.  The  2d  contained  those 
commanded  by  Messrs.  Nichols,  Ashley,  Moore  Stickney,  Hale, 
Bellows,  Hobart  and  Chase. 


(  388  ) 

It  is  announced  in  a  Paris  paper,  that  a  Polish  nobleman 
has  brought  to  Warsaw  a  small  folio  volume  of  30  or  40 
pages,  entirely  written  by  the  late  Emperor  Napoleon.  It 
contains  some  curious  documents  relative  to  the  history  of 
Europe.,  and  the  plan  of  the  first  campaign  in  Spain,  dictat- 
ed by  him  to  the  Duke  d'Abrantes. 


Caleb  Gushing,  Esq.  of  Newburyport,  is  preparing  for 
publicalioji,  Memoirs  of  the  late  Plon.  Judge  Lowell,  with 
notices   of  other  patriots    who  were   instrumental  in  effect- 


ing our  Revolution. 


The  National  Gazette  states,  that  William  Rawle  is  en- 
gaged in  a  Law  Work,  to  be  entitled,  Institutes  of  the  Laws 
of  Pennsylvania,  intended  to  comprise  a  view  of  the  Con- 
stitution and  laws  of  the  United  States,  as  well  as  those  of 
the  State  of  Pennsylvania. 

The  first  number  of  the  Rhode-Island  Baptist,  a  monthly 
publication,  conducted  by  the  Rev.  Allen  Brown,  has  just 
issued  from  the  press  in  Providence.  It  is  said  to  contain 
an  eloquent  Eulogy  on  the  late  Senator  Burrill. 

Matthew  Carey,  of  Philadelphia,  intends  to  publish,  dur- 
ing the  ensuing  year,  a  work  entitled,  "  Sketches  of  a  His- 
torj''  of  Religious  Persecution,"  in  2  vols.  8vo. 

A.  Phelps,  of  Greenfield,  has  issued  proposals  for  publish- 
ing a  History  of  the  Indian  Wars  in  the  country  bordering 
on  Connecticut  river,  by  E.  Hoyt,  Esq.  The  work  begins 
with  the  discovery  and  settlement  of  New-England,  and  comes 
down  to  the  conquest  of  Canada,  in  1760. 

The  "  Death-Bed  Confessions  of  the  Countess  of  Guern- 
sey," which  excited  so  much  attention  in  England,  and  have 
been  very  extensively  circulated  in  this  country,  prove  to  be 
the  most  downright  forgery.  The  work  was  got  up  as  a 
matter  of  speculation. 


Proposals  have  been  issued  by  a  member  of  the  bar  of 
Pittsburgh,  Pa.  for  publishing  by  subscription,  "  Blackstone's 
quotations,  comprising  all  the  Latin  and  French  words  and 
passages  contained  in  Blackstone'3  Commentaries,  with 
English  translations." 


APPENDIX. 


HISTORICAL  REVIEW  FOR  THE  YEAR  1822. 

Anion*  the  festivals  of  the  people  those    benefits  he  would  carry    into 
of  New-EnglHnil,    none    have    ht-f-n   oblivion.     'I'he    Romans   celebrated 
loDj^er  belli  sacetl  than  Thank.igiring  the    brginninjj  of   the    year,     which 
and  jVtic-i'rar'j  day*.     On  these  oc-  they  called  the  Kalends,  and  on  thii 
•asioiis,  it  ha?  been    usual  to  witness  day  their  magistrate*   were  sworn  in- 
unoslcniatioiis   rnanil'-stalions  of  joy   to  rffice.     It  was  also  customary   to 
and  p-atit tide,  and  the  induls^tuce  of  reciprocate  good   wishes,  and    inter- 
all  the  happy   feeling*   which    adorn  change  presents  with  their  friends.^ 
our  nature,  and  pprt-ad  aVroad   their  Other  nations  hare  observed  various 
kindly  influence    in    society.       Mow  rites  and    ceremonies   on    the    com- 
many  happy   faces  have  those    A'sti-  menrement   of  each  year;  and   the 
vals  smileti  upon,  and  how   long  will  list  of    fasts  and  festivals  has  become 
they  be  rem-  nibered  in  tbankfulnefs  I  so  lengthy  that  few  can  number  and 
So    nearly    allied     are    they    to   the   remember  them, 
habits  and    afTeclions   ot  Nfw-Eng-       Our  present   design    is  to  take  a 
'andmen.  that  the   custom  will  exist  liasty  glance  at  some  of  the  most  iaa> 
imong  them,    wh<  rever  they  travel,  portant  topics  which  have   engaged 
nd    will   descend   forever  to     their  public  attention  during  the  past  year 
osterity.        When    the    harvest     is  and  note   some    ol  the  more    prnmi> 

»thered,    and    the    husbandman   is  nent  events    that   have  occurred. 

jurrounded  by  the  fruits  of  his  la-  We  aim  at  no  minuteness,  and  shall 
bors  and  the  imiUs  of  Providence,  perhaps  pass  over  numeious  circum- 
he  indulgence  of  these  feelings  of  stances  which  we  have  not  time  to 
gratitude  and  joy,  is  calculated  to  investigate,  and  which  do  not  occur 
heal  the  animosities  which  arise  a-  to  our  mf  mories.  We  do  thi«,  as 
mong-  men  —  to  allay  the  ill-will  preparatory  to  a  regular  history  of 
and  sofien  the  pride  of  the  rich  and  (he  limes^  which  it  is  our  intention 
arrogant — to  revive  kinilliness  of  to  append  to  each  successive  num- 
feeling,  and  those  warm  and   gener-  ber. 

ous  charities  which  redeem  us  fmm  With  the  condition  of  other  na- 
the  grossnes'4  of  our  nature.  The  tion?,  though  in  no  manner  allied,  it 
commencement  of  a  new  year,  is  tjeverthelefs  our  interest  to  be- 
ffom  the  gaiety  of  childhood  to  the  come  acquainted.  We  can  only  re- 
quivering  resnonses  of  old  age,  is  an  alize  the  wcrth  of  our  free  institu- 
interesting  era.  Time  seems  to  have  tions  by  comparing  them  with  the 
marked  a  period  in  the  calendar  ;  totttring  fabrics  of  othtr  countries  ; 
and  thousands  resolve  with  the  new-  and  our  national  pride  and  virtue 
born  »/«"■»  tt*  *'!"?' a  Dew  course  in  can  find  no  stronger  stimulants  to  ex> 
life— to  ceek  virtue,  if  they  have  ertion,  than  iu  the  gloomy  pictwre 
lost  her  guidance — to  return  to  the  presented  among  the  kingdoms  of 
path?  of  joy  and  goodness,  if  they  Europe.  The  best  hopts  of  man, 
have  ever  been  estrang«d. Would  that  and  the  brightest  of  his  powers  are 
none  of  these  resolutions  were  vain  1  there  pluced  under  the  ban  of  legit- 
The  close  of  a  year  should  be  devot-  imacy,  bred  in  crime  and  fed  by  ig» 
ed  to  reflection  upon  what  has  pa«3-  norance — "  holy  craft"  and  absolute 
ed  ;  the  incidents  of  our  life  should  dominion  there  fetter  the  energies  of 
be  reviewed,  that  if  poksible  instruc-  the  people,  or  give  them  direc- 
tion may  be  gathered  from  them,  and  lion  only  to  war  aguinst  themselves, 
time  be  act  suffered  to  pass  by  us.  After  the  meet  formidable  army 
witlMut  sar  plucking  from  his  band  which  ever  «xistkd  ia  Earep*,  ha4 


2  Apftnii*. 

perished  h«ncath  the  rigors  of  a  anct  of  a  eation  which  we  rerereiice 
Russian  winter,  the  trembling  fove-  as  the  parent  of  freedom,  are  uow 
reijns  began  t»  talk  of  patriotism, of  in  fettiys,  stnig;gling  for  liberty  a- 
thi^  fijh'.s  and  liofrties  and  indepeu-  gainst  the  folUnvtrs  of  Mahomtt.— ■ 
dince  of  their  people,  which  could  J'he  Greelia  can  never  forgfl  the 
only  be  secured  by  ihe  overthrow  of  spleRc?or  of  their  ancestors.  When 
the  colossal  power  of  P'rance.  ']'hey  ilie  (\?yi  of  the  Low  Empire  suc- 
lucceeded  in  arousing'  the  people,  c-edtd  (.he  heroic  times  of  Miitiades, 
and  by  an  united  effnrt,  humbkd  the  Themistoch  s,  Leonidas,  &c.  virtues 
mightiest  chieftain  who  had  ever  yet  worthy  of  those  ht  roes  were  still 
arisen,  and  removed  those  dangers  found,  and  they  yet  flourish  in  lustre 
which  had  threatened  their  own  de-  among  that  oppresseci  people.— 
etruction.        Bonaparte    and    France   They  are  still  brave  and    d   sperate  ; 

fell legitimacy      was      restored. —   and  the   victoriei  of  their    'tirbanetl 

Those  stupendouj  mnnumenls  of  his   enemies — leagued  against  virtue  and 
glory,   with  which  Napoleon  had    a-   religion,  and  pursuing  with  slaughter 
domed    his    capital  —  tho'tt     spoils   the  followtrs  of  Ihe   Cross — will,    if 
■which  in  his  mad  career  he  had  strip-  purchased  at  ail.be  purchased  diar- 
ped  from    conquered  kingdoms — and   ly.     Even  the  Greci  )n  (emales   have 
those    heroes,  with    whom    he    had   bled  in  the  armies  of  their    country, 
hitherto  successfully  met  all    oppos-  in  defence  of  their  homtj^  and  ol  their 
ing  armies — were  now   svvept    off  in   children — they    have    courageously 
the  whirlwind,  his  restless  ambition   met  the  stroke  of  the   scimetar,  pre- 
had  created.     The  danger   past,  the   ferring  death  to    the   tender   merciei 
Allied  Sovereigns  forgot   their  prom-  of  the  Turks.     The    Holy  Alliance, 
ises  to  their  people.      Those   wounds  too,  sworn    to  defend    the    followers 
which  had  been  received  in  their  de-   of  Jesus  Christ, have  beheld  the  mas- 
fence,  were   left    unstaunched  ;  and   sacre    of    thousands — and    are    still 
to  complain  was  made  treason.  The    suffering  carnage  and  destruction    to 
liberty  of  the   press   wa*  no   longer  lay  waste  the  classic  land,  and  de- 
allowed — and  iadependence  of  epin-   molish  the    temples  dedicated  to  the 
ion  could  no  longer  be    tolerated. —  Most  High  !     Tl)e  nations  of  Europe    j 
Absolute  despotism  is  the  aim  of  the  were  formerly  animated  by  a  chiva       • 
sovereigns  of  Europe  ;  and  the  con-    rous   spirit   of    Christianity.      About 
gress  now  assembled    at  Verona,    is  the  year  1096,  an  army  of  a  million 
but  to   rivet  the   chains   that    fetter  of  men  marched  into  Asia, on  a   cru- 
both  liberty  and  science  in  that  por-  sade   against  the   Saracen? — to   res- 
tion  of  the  world.  cue    the    Holy    Land,    the    region 

Spain  has  indeed  escaped  from  the  which  had  been  the  scene  of  our 
dungeons  of  the  inquisition,  to  Saviour's  sufferings  and  death,  from 
breathe,  for  awhile,  the  sweet  air  of  the  possession  of  infidels.  And  be- 
liberty  ;  but  whether  she  will  long  fore  the  close  of  the  twelth  century, 
enjoy  her  triumph,  is  questionable,  two  other  crusades  were  undertaken, 
The  affairs  of  the  Peninsula  have  no  for  the  same  purpose.  Kings,  prin- 
doubt  hurried  the  AlJied  Powers  in-  ces,  and  bishops  embarking  in  the 
to  deliberations.  Naples  has  vainly  undertaking — millions  of  men  and 
struggled  for  independence  ;  and  a-  millions  of  money  were  lavished  in 
mong  several  other  states  a  disposi-  what  was  esteemed  this  christian  en- 
tion  for  freedom  h«s  been  manifest-  teiprize.  Aojf,  while  the  Greeks,  a 
ed.  The  states  of  South  America  christian  people,  among  whom  Paul 
have  succeeded  in  their  long  and  and  the  Apostles  preached  the  relig* 
bloody  contest  for  liberty  ;  and  the  ion  of  Jesus  Christ,  are  engaged  in  a 
prayers  of  the  whole  continent  are  righteous  war,  for  the  preservation  of 
for  their  safe  enjoyment  of  its  bless-  their  property,  their  homes,  their  lib- 
tags,  erties,  and  their  lives  ;  and  to  protect 
But  to  Greece  all  eyes  have  been  themselves,  their  wives  and  children 
aaxiously  directed.      The  descend-  from    being    subjected    to    a  brutal 


.Ippendix.  S 

i'iftvery  nudor  the  Turht,  (he  de-  The  fii-it  session  of  the  teveniccnth 
■cendants  of  th»  sanu;  Sarr.ceiu  b#-  Coiijjress  oprned  under  favorabla 
fore  incntirmKl  ;  «iid  liave  Amused  aiupicei.  Thi;  ndairs  of  the  nation 
kII  th'Mf  enorijifs  to  break  Hie  yoke  were  generally  prosiicroiis  ;  and 
ofl'irir  Malioir.edan  tyrants, — the  liieic  seemed  (o  be  no  obstacle  in  the 
"Hoi.v  Ai>LiANCii,"  without  concern  way  of  wise  and  prudent  measures, 
behold  an. I  snIfiT  thc^  barliariliis  of  And  if  any  beneficial  measures  were 
the  hifidel.  Scio  once  conk-nded  defeated — if  ilie  husintsi  of  the  ses- 
for  the  honor  of  having;  giv.  n  bir(h  sion  was  unnecessarily  d«  laycd,  and 
to  Homer,  and  was  considered  the  in  some  instance?  m  °;lected; — it  was 
paradise  of  Greece.  Now  I'.er  hon-  less  owing;  to  the  ignorance  and  incx- 
ors  are  r»vijhed,her  temples  deslrny-  perience  of  the  national  representa- 
•ed,  and  the  blood  of  her  women  and  lives,  than  (o  a  spirit  of  jealousy, 
childrenia  poured  out  at  their  allars.  weak  but  mischievous,  which  has 
Chrislian  nations  cannot,  or  should  been  suffered  to  obtrude  itself  upon 
not,  behold  this  ipectacle  with  indif-  their  deliberations.  Sectional  inter- 
fsrence — ti4e  prayers  of  every  free-  ests  have  not  been  represented  as 
man  should  aicend  to  heaven  lor  they  s-hould  be.  Instead  of  liarmo- 
iheir  deliveranee,  nizing;  in  the  great  machine,unfkilful 

Our  own  country  far  removed  from  or  mischievous  hanJs  have  put  the 
the  disorders  and  miseries  which  af-  different  part?  in  collision  ;  and  real- 
I'ect  other  p  irts  of  the  world,  is  less  spiri'.a  there  may  yet  be,  who 
uioring  onward  in  the  career  of  im-  would  d.light  to  hear  the  jar  and 
provement  and  usefulness.  The  peo-  discord  thus  created.  But  it  is  the 
pie  here  are  the  fountain  of  power  duty  of  every  man  who  loves  his 
— they  make  and  unmake  their  ru-  country  steadily  to  discountenance 
lers  ami  magistrates.  They  are  fa-  all  attempts  to  excite  or  perpetuate 
miliar  with  the  affairs  of  their  gov-  local  heart-burnir!;5s  and  jealousies, 
ernment— no  secret  or  hidden  meas-  Among  the  most  important  acts  of 
ures  can  escape  their  vigilance,  or  the  last  session,  we  may  notice  those 
receive  thei,-  connivance.  Our  af-  concerning  navigation  and  commerce 
fairs  with  other  nations  are  prosper-  — providing  for  carrying-  into  effect 
ous.  The  slnpet  and  stars  are  re-  the  Indian  treaties  ;  for  missions  to 
•pected  in  every  sea,  and  afford  am-  Independent  nations  on  this  conti- 
ple  protection  to  our  commerce,  nent  :  regulating  the  fees,  <t-c.  of  the 
The  late  convention  with  France,  olficers  of  the  customs,  and  estab- 
and  the  opening  of  the  British  ports  lishing  a  general  system  ol  account- 
in  the  \Vest-Indie§,'have  been  favor-  ability  in  all  the  various  departments 
able  to  our  commerce.  The  new  — abolishing  the  trading  establish- 
terrilory  of  Florida  has  been  placed  mi-nts  with  the  Indians,  and  regnlat- 
under  the  control  of  9  government,  ing  the  intercourse  with  the  tribes 
in  accord  with  the  free  institutions  on  the  (ronliers  ;  extending  the  time 
of  the  country.  The  national  treas-  for  redemption  of  lands  sold  for  di- 
ury  is  sufficiently  prosperous,  if  its  rcct  taxes,  and  providing  for  sales, 
unexpected  revenue  be  the  result  of  &c.  of  the  pulslic  lauds  ;  for  ascer- 
commercial  speculations,  that  too  taining  titles  to  land  in  Florida,  and 
often  prove  ruinous  in  their  conse-  for  establishing  a  territorial  govern- 
quences. — Our  revenue  is  always  ment  there  ;  for  amending  (he  acts 
fluctuating,  and  the  danger  is  that  regulating  (he  departments  of  the 
when  the  jjublic  coffers  are  full,  the  Treasury,  War  and  Navy.  Many 
government  may  be  betrayed  inta  an  acts  of  mercy  or  courtesy  were  ex- 
unreflecting  liberality,  qnd  create  tended  to  worthy  applicants  ;  and 
wants  that  may  plunge  us  still  deep-  the  liberality  towards  the  veterans 
er  in  debt.  Recent  experience  has  of  the  revolution,  which  has  distin- 
taugbt  us  a  sad  but  instructive  les-  guished  the  present  administration, 
son.  Rational  economy  our  gov-  seems  not  to  have  been  disregarded 
•rnxncnt  hare  fouad  to  be  practica-  at  this  session.  No  nation,  pethaps, 
W«,  and  tha  people  loudly  d«mand.      bestows  lo  much  in  pentims  «•  this  ; 


^ppendii 


if  ire  take  lata  the  accoaat  Ihe  pra- 
risioDS  of  the  state  governments. 
The  objects,  however,  of  reward  are 
•worthy — the  pftople  have  a  pride  at 
heart  which  exalts  their  feelings  with 
the  consciiiu-ness  of  deserving^  thf>se 
blessing's  our  revolutionary  htrcies 
acquired,  and  which  we  receive  at 
their  hands.  History  will  cheii?h 
this  distinguishing  mark  of  a  nation's 
gratitude.  The,  ancient  chieftains 
fquandered  large.^ies  upon  a  sturdy 
and  corrupted  populace  ;  modern 
princes  pension  Iheir  favorites  and 
courtiers.  But  it  wa*  reserved  for  a 
government,  essentially  popular  and 
representative,  to  relieve,  by  a  gen- 
eral law,  those  citizens,  who,  after 
fighting  the  battles  of  their  country, 
are  become  too  feeble  and  wretched 
to  requite  the  donors  with  further 
jervicf,  and  can  scarcely  sustain  the 
infirmities  which  increasing  y^ars 
throw  upon  themv 

One  o(  the  most  important  duties 
which  came  before  congress  at  this 
•esjion,  was  the  apportionment  of 
the  represen'atives  according  to  the 
census  of  1H20.  The  cmstitufion 
has  n'lt  limited  tlie  number,  leaving 
with  Congress  a  discretionary  power 
providing'  only  that  no  more  than 
one  shall  be  sent  for  30,000  inhabit- 
ants. Public  opinion  s:-ems  g'-neral- 
ly  to  have  decided  tiiat  a  numerous 
represent  ttion  is  an  ev'',  by  which 
not  only  the  business  of  the  ua'ion 
is  neglected  in  (he  conflict  of  indi- 
vidu  il  opinions,  but  the  people  are 
saddled  With  uiinece.-sary  expense. 
The  small  states  m:^y  view  with 
jealou-y  attempts  to  reduce  thfir 
proportionate  number  ;  hut  they  are 
amply  compensated  by  the  immense 
power  they  have  iu  the  Senate  be- 
yond their  population.  The  Con- 
gress that  signed  the  Declaration  of 
Indrpendence,  consisted  of  but  S6 
members  ;  and  no  deliberative  as- 
sembly ever  excelled  them  in  indus- 
try and  public  virtue.  Their 
thoughts  were  directed  to  the  mo- 
mentous concerns  of  the  nation — no 
individual,  local  or  sectional  jealous- 
ies were  suffered  to  obtrude  their  un- 
Ikallowed  murmurings  upon  their 
councili.  They  lived  for  their  coua- 
try — thej  aerrtd  h«r  f&ithfuUjr   and 


constantly. — Th«  Coagreis  thai 
formed  the  confederation  consisted 
of  43  :  all  the  states  being  placed 
on  an  exact  equality,  each  sent  from 
2  to  7,  at  their  option.  The  Con- 
gress which  formed  the  Constitutiou 
consisted  of  39:  and  the  first  Con- 
gress under  the  Constitutfon  was- 
composed  of  65  men»bers.  After  the 
lirbt  census,  the  appoFtionment  be- 
ing one  for  33,0#0  inhabitant*,  the 
House  consisted  of  105.  The  came 
apportionment  being  continued  un- 
der the  second  censu?,  there  were 
141  representatives.  The  appor!ibH=— 
ment  under  the  third  £ensus,allowc^ 
one  for  35,000  ;  and  the  Hoase  num- 
bered 187  members.  'J'he  ratio 
fis'-d  upon  by  the  present  Congress, 
i«  40,000  ;  and  the  number  of  rep- 
resentatives 212.  The  following  ta- 
ble will  exhibit  Ihe  relative  situation 
of  (he  states  under  Ihe  different  ap- 
portionments ;  as  well  as  the  in- 
crease of  represfntatJves  since  the 
Congress  of  1776. 


States  and 
Territories. 

IVew-Ilampsliire, 

Massachusetts, 

Maine, 

Uhi>de-I»land, 

Connecticut, 

New-York, 

New-Jersey, 

Pennsvlrania, 

Delaware, 

Maryland, 

Virginia, 

Nortli-tJarolina, 

South-Carolina, 

Georgia, 

Vermont, 

Kentucky, 

Tennessee, 

Ohio, 

Indiana, 

Missouri, 

Illinois, 

Alabama, 

Mississippi, 

Iiouisiana, 


.4   -J    ' 


3 

2|  2 

3 

4 

5 

' 

6 

2 

8 

14 

17 

2 

3 

1 

2 

2 

4 

5 

2 

5 

7 

7 

4 

4 

1 

i 

10 

17 

5 

4 

4 

4 

5 

»• 

9 

5 

S 

8 

13 

lli 

3 

3 

5 

1 

» 

1 

4 

2 

3 

fa- 

8 

9 

7 

5 

n 

10 

19 

22 

.T 

3 

3 

5 

10 

12 

4 

6 

4 

5 

6 

8 

3 

3 

3 

2 
2 
2 

4 
4 
6 
3 

6       6 
13     13 


271   34 

6[     6 

23    26 


23    22 
isl   13 


lS6|48|39|65| 1051 141 |187|213 

The  second  session  of  the  17th 
Congress  commenced  at  Washington 
on  the  2J  December.  The  first  week 
was  as  usual  occupied  principally  in 
organizing  the  different  branches, 
and  in  preparing  for  the  legi.«lative 
campaign.  We  shall  hereafter  sum- 
marily noti'^e  their  proceedings.  It 
is  pleasing  to  observe  at  tbe  outset 
a  spirit  of  aclivit/    and    attcotion, 


Appendix.  • 

^hich  will  we  hope  be  continued  merous  private  acti,  which  occupy 
through  the  setsion,  and  wipe  off  more  or  less  the  alttntion  of  every 
the  stains  of  tardines"  and  delay  session.  One  lhou».ind  dollars  has 
which  h:«ve  characterized  some  for-  heen  appr>ipriatt-d  diuingtlie  past 
mer  «e.«sions.  Lei  mi  personal,  see-  year  lor  Ihc  bcneVok'nl  purpose  of 
tional  or  oth«  r  bail  fielings  be  educaling  the  dtaf  and  dumb  rhild-r 
brought  into  the  halls  o(  Congress —  ren  of  this  slate;  and  the  sum  of 
let  no  strife  be  created  bitween  two  hundred  and  fifty  dollars  has 
mfmbers  from  the  North  and  Smith  also  be<  n  ;ipjir(>pri:ited  for  the  use  of 
— no  collisions  got  up  between  the  the  Board  ol  Agriculture, 
friends  of  different  candidates  for  the  The  progifss  of  improvement 
presidency — and  the  business  for  throughout  the  country  li-is  been 
which  the  people  have  sent  their  veiygrtat.  Distance  seems  as  if 
representatives  to  Congress  will  be  annihilated  ;  apd  the  r»  mutest  parti 
promptly  and  properly  attended  to,  of  this  vast  corttinent  are  connected 
and  the  nation  will  go  on  increasing  by  new  ties  ai)d  bound  together  by 
in  power  and  prosjierity.  new    interests.      Canals  are   yearly 

The  state  Itgislatures  have  geiier-  opening  to  extensive  countries  a 
ally  given  a  just  attention  to  the  valuable  intercourse  ;  and  every  fa- 
intensts  of  their  difftrent  govern-  cility  is  givi-n  to  the  enttrprize  of 
ments.  Agriculture  and  the  domes-  the  inhabitants.  The  great  New- 
tic  acts  have  received  new  encour-  Yorkcinalis  now  opened — the  last 
agemenls.  and  Iheir  imjirovements  sdme  being  jjlaced  by  Gov.  Clinton 
are  such  as  will  be  lastingly  benefi-  on  Ihe^Rihof  Nctvember.  This  in- 
cial.  Some  of  the  states  have  ma  le  comparable  work  connects  the  wa- 
improvements  in  Iheir  laws ;  and  lers  o(  Champlain  with  the  river 
others  have  t'irned  (heir  attention  Hudson.  On  the  rout  are  46  miles 
to  defects  in  their  constitutions.  The  of  artificial,  and  15  1-2  of  improved 
permanent  welfare  of  the  country  is  natural  navigation.  There  are  21 
interested  in  all  these  proceedings,  locks,  'i'lio  work  was  commenced 
It  is  in  time  of  peace,  that  we  are  to  on  the  10;h  of  June,  1818;  and 
give  to  our  governments  that  solidity  probably  no  canal  of  the  same  mag- 
of  strength  and  texture  which  polit-  nitude  was  ever  completed  in  »o 
ical    convulsions    cannot    shake    or  short  a  lime. 

rend.  War  admits  of  no  delay;  and  'I'he  slate  of  Agriculture  during 
to  effect  what  shall  ensure  public  (he  past  year  has  been  flourishing 
safety  in  an  hour  of  danger,  requires  beyond  former  example.  The  agri- 
the  sober  deliberations  of  a  period  cultural  products  have  been  of  su- 
of  repose.  pcrior  quality  and   more    abundant 

Our  own  legislature  has  been  than  has  hern  known  for  many  y.  ars. 
profitaSly  employed  in  the  revi^f^n  The  Calllc  Shows  and  r.xl)ibiii..ns  of 
and  adoption  of  such  laws  as  the  of  Domestic  iVlanutactures  have  ex- 
welfare  of  the  people  seemed  to  re-  cited  greater  interest  and  have  been 
quire.  A  new  system  of  probate  more  generally  attended  than  on  any 
laws,  clear  and  compiehensive  in  its  former  occasion.  The  first  Cattle 
details,  has  been  adopted;  several  Show  for  the  past  season  was  for  the 
manufacturing  companies  have  been  county  of  Hillsborough,  and  was 
created  ;  the  interests  of  the  militia  holdtn  at  Amherst  on  the  24th  and 
have  received  proper  attention  ;  25th  days  of  September.  An  inge- 
the  law  of  the  road  has  been  adopt-  nious  and  suitable  address  was  de- 
ed, and  is  now  in  force  ;  the  new  livered  by  Moses  Eastman,  Eiiq.  of 
town  of  Hooksett  has  been  created;  Salisbury.  The  amount  of  preini- 
lalutary  provisions  respecting  the  ums  awarded  and  paid  out  was  J177 
conveyance  of  real  estate  have  been  on  Slock;  $117  50  on  Domestic 
enacted;  two  new  banks  created.  Manufactures  ;  and  $129  on  Agricul- 
one  at  Amherst  and  the  other  at  tural  Products  for  1^21  and  1822. — 
ClaremoDt;  and  several  other  cor-  Total  amount  of  Premiums,  $423. 
poratinns  cstablithed,  beside  the  du-       The  Cheshire  Cattle  Show  was  tt 


•  Appendix, 

Acworth,  Oct.  2.  The  annual  ad-  for  somo  time  Altorny  General  of  the 
dress  was  delivered  by  Ihs  lion,  U.S.  He  was  one  of  the  most  elo- 
Salma  Hale.  The  (jrnni'iais  bn  qac-nt,  eminent  and  indefatigable 
Stock  amounted  to  .959  ;  on  Domes-  Counsellors  and  extraor.finary  men 
tic  Manufactures,  $12:  toU!,  $101.  of  the  a-e.  In  announcing  this  mel- 
The  Grafton  Cattle  S!iov7  was  at  ancholy  ■  vent  to  the  House  of  Rep- 
Bath  outhc  same  day  with  that  at  resentatives,  Mr.  Randolph'reniar- 
Acworth.  A  discourse  was  delivered  ked,  that  his  "  wa3  the  death  of  a 
by  tht^  (Ion.  Thomas  Whipple,  jtin.  man  nnquestiouabiy  at  the  head  of  | 
The  premiums  wrrt-,  on  stock,  $162  ;  his  profession  in  tliis  country,  wh»  ' 
on  Domestic  Manufactures  §84;  was  the  boast  of  Maryland,  and  tho 
total,  $  246.  pride   of    all.       A   HoTmr  &  JYewlon, 

The  Coos  Cattle  Show  was  atten-  a  Shakspeare  and  a  Milton    had    ex- 
ded  on  the  9th  at  Lancaster.     There   isied.  There  mi^hl  be  another  Pink- 
vrere  paid  out  as  premiums  on  Stock,  ney,  but  there  loas  not  now." 
D.  66  :  on  Domestic    Manufactures,       In   Massachusetts,   have   died    tho 
D.34  ;  total.  D.  100.  year  past,  the   Rev.  Eliab    Stone,   of 

The  Rockingham  annual  Fair  and  Reading,  who  graduated  at  Harvard 
Cattle  Show  was  a!  Exeter.  Itoc-  College  in  1751.  He  was  85  year* 
cupied  two  days,  the  16th  and  17th  ofageandhad  been  6.1  years  in  tha 
Oct.  The  address,  which  was  to  ministry;  Rev.  Daniel  Collins,  of 
have  been  delivered  by  the  Rev.  Lanrsborough,  aged  84,  who  gradu- 
Jacob  Abbot,  of  Hampton-FalU,  ated  at  Yale  College  in  1760 ;  Rev. 
was  postponed  on  account  of  the  Divid  Osgood,  D.  D.  of  Medford, 
indisposition  of  that  gentleman. —  aged  75,  who  graduated  at  Harvaru 
The  premium':  'm  Stock  were  D  152:  College  in  1771  ;  Levi  Frisbe,  A.  M. 
on  Domest.  Manu'actures,  D  69  :  on  Professor  of  Natural  Religion^  Mora! 
Ag.ProcluctsD-54  ;  total  D.275.  Philosophy  and  Civil  Polity  at  Har- 

The  Stratford  Cattle  Show  was  on  vard  College  ;  the  Hon.  Isaac  Rand, 
the  same  days  with  that  of  Rocking-  M.  D.  of  Boston,  aged  80  a  member 
ham,  and  was  Ivnlden  at  Rochester,  of  the  Mass.  Medical  Society,  and 
A  discourse  was  given  bj'  Dr.  Jabez  for  several  years  its  President,  a 
D'jw,  of  Djver.  The  prcMiiuois  on  member  of  American  Academy  and 
Stock  were  D  175;  on  Domestic  ofthe  Massachusi'tts  Historical  So- 
ManuCactures,  D.50;  on  Agricultu-  ciely,  and  of  var.ous  charitable  and 
ral  products,  D  5B  ;  total  D.'283.  literary   institutions   in     the   city  of 

It  will  thus  appi  ar  ihal  the  total  Boston, 
amount  of  premiums,  in  the  six  Inourown  state,  several  eminent 
counties,  on  Stock,  was  D.793  ;  on  and  worthy  men,  during  the  year  we 
Domestic  Manufactures,  D  396  ;  a/^  reviewing,  have  passed  that 
an''  on  Agricultural  Products,  D.241;  'bourne  whence  no  traveller  relurns.' 
total,  U.  1430  50.  Several  conn-  Of  the  three  learned  professions, each 
ties  did  notavvard  premiums  on  ag-  has  lost  useful  and  valuable  men.  In 
ricultural products.  the  practice  of  law,  may  be  mention- 

During  the  period  under  consider-  ed.  Hon.  Silas  Betton,  of  Salem  ; 
ation,  our  country  has  lost  by  death  Hon.  James  Parker,  of  Bedford; 
a  number  of  distinguished  citizens  Hon.  Charles  Woodman,  of  Do-< 
■whose  names  will  descend  with  hon-  ver  ;  and  Bailey  Denison,  Esqr.  of 
oar  and  gratitude  to  posterity.  The  Northumberland.  Mr.  Betton  was 
death  ol  no  individual,  perhaps,  in-  distinguished  as  a  lawyer  and  Icgis- 
spired  such  universal  regret  as  that  lator,  and  early  received  from  the 
«(  the  Hon.  William  Pinkney,  people  several  very  important  offices, 
who  died  at  Washington  on  ihe  26lh  He  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
of  February.  At  the  time  of  his  death  house  of  representatives  prior  to  1800. 
he  was  a  Senator  ofthe  United  States  In  that,  and  the  two  succeeding  years 
for  the  state  of  Maryland.  He  had  ke  was  elected  a  Senator  from  dis- 
formerly  been  minister  of  ihe  U.  S.  trict  No.  3.  In  1802,  he  wai  elected 
to  theCourtt  of  England  pnd  Russia;  a  member  of  Confrest,  In  which  sta^ 


A})ptnclix.  7 

linn  he  rpn-.ainad  foar  T«^r«.  Mr.  gradua!*  ef  tliat  inetitution.  la 
Betton  received  a  clasfical  ediica-  177G,  he  was  n  member  of  the  corn- 
lion,  and  was  gradiiatf.d  Jit  iJrrt-  niitUc  of  safety  fur  this  stale.  He 
inonlh  College  la  Vfifl.  iMr.  Parktr  c(  msnaiided  a  regiment  of  minute 
of  Ut'll'ird,  was  *l»c(ed  to  the  oflTue  mt-H,  and  was  afterwards  Payijjaster 
of  Senator  ill  1819,  Mr.  Woodm.Tn,  of  the  N.  II.  Iorc>  s,  and  ser.-ed  a 
wli(<  died  the  Gist  of  Octobtr,  wasa  carnpain  at  Winter  Hill  umier  Gen. 
native  of  Saiihornton,  a  son  of  the  Sullivan.  He  was  a  niemhA  of  the 
Rev.  Ji'sepli  Woodman,  niinifl'T  of  Convt  nlion  which  formed  our  con- 
Uiat  place.  lie  ijradiiated  at  Dait-  slitntiou  ;  was  Afterward?  frequently 
niiiiitli  in  1P>13;  fmislttd  hi?  roiirst-  of  elected  a  nu-uiber  of  the  legislature, 
studies  some  lime  aftrr,  %v»s  ai'.n  i',-  He  T.-n»,  for  several  years-,  chief  jus- 
i(  d  to  practice,  and  e*tal)lisi:ed  hin-.-  lire  of  the  court  of  common  pli-as, 
self  at  D(  ver,  wh<  re  he  stcured  a  and  was  one  ortwoyearsa  candi- 
largo  number  of  Iriends.  For  tiiree  date  for  the  tiflice  offliief  magistrate; 
years  lie  wa?  annually  elected  a  Denjarnin  Kidder,  I'fq'.ot  Notting- 
meniber  of  the  leijii-iature,  and  was,  ha m- west,  88  ;  John  C'urriei,  E<^qr.of 
at  the  time  of  his  di.ilh,  S|  caker  of  W'endal  :  J(din  M.  'I'illotjon,  Eyqr, 
the  House  of  llepresc  ntatives,  liav-  of  Norlhomberland  ;  and  "aniUf  I  P. 
ing  been  chosen  to  that  office  the  Kidder,  Esqr.  of  Manchester,  53. 
last  session.  At  the  Congressional  Of  the  actors  in  the  great  strug- 
election  ia  Stptember  last,  he  was  glos'for  liberty  and  independence, 
put  in  nomination  for  memloer  of  llic  past  year  has  swept  from  the 
Congres?,  and  was  one  of  the  two  stage, thf"  on!y  surviving  ^reneral  offi- 
highest  of  the  unelect'd  candidati  s.  ct  r*o(  tli"  Ame  lican  revolulion.  The 
He  possessed  a  warm  unci  obliging  brave  John  ?tai  K  clo-s  d  his  farthly 
di'posiiion,  a  f-lrong  attathmeHt  to  career  at  Mant  hester,  on  the  8th  of 
his  friends,  and  a  persevering  in-  May.  at  the  great  age  of  93  years,  8 
dustry  in  all  his  concerns.  cioBtbs  ami  24  days.     It  is  onneces- 

In  the  professions  of  divinitj  and  sary  to  rejioat  the  great  events  of 
medicine  have  died  Rev.  Joseph  his  lite,  for  these  we  have  given  in 
WALTOiV,  aged  80,  pastor  of  the  In-  the  first  series  of  this  work.  His  re- 
dependent  church  in  Portsmouth,  of  mains  lie  interred  on  the  hanks  of  the 
whinh  he  became  a  ruling  elder. in  Merrimack, in  a  cemetery  situated  oa 
1777,  and  invested  wiili  the  pastoral  a  mound,  which  may  be  seen  by  the 
charge,  Sept.  £2,  1789  ;  and  Dr.  traveller  several  miles  up  and  dowa 
Isaac  Wam-a<e,  o(  Londonderry,  a  the  river.  A  monument  hns  been 
fellow  of  the  N.  Hampshire  .Medical  [irepared  to  place  over  his  remains 
Society,  a  physicivin  of  much  prom-  which  will  more  appropriately  desig- 
ise  and  an  amiable  nian.  He  died  nate  the  spot  wheie  this  hero  of  the 
Marcli  5,  at  llavanna,  in  the  island  revolulion  rejjoses. 
of  Cuba,  whither  he  had  repaired  Others,  who  have  been  esteemed 
to  settle  the  estate  of  a  deceased  as  revolutionary  patriots,  are  entitled 
brother.  to    respectful     notice.     Col.    Eljsha 

Of  those  who  were,  or  had  been  Ticknor,  of  Lebanon,  aged  86;  Lieut- 
civil  magistrates,  it  may  be  ptiper  TVmple  Kendall,  of  Dunstable,  91  ; 
to  mention  Hon.  i^ARor^  Wingate,  Samuel  Curtis,  Esqr.  of  Amherst,  75 
78,  of  Farmington,  who  was  in  the  — Dr.  Curtis  was  son  of  Rev.  Philip 
legislature  o(  this  state  several  years  Curtis  of  Sharon,  Ma-ss.  graduated 
a  member  of  the  Council  from  1797  at  Harvard  College,  1766  ;  studied 
to  1803,  and  for  a  considerable  time,  physic  and  surgery;  was  a  surgeon 
chief  justice  of  the  court  ©f  common  in  the  revolution;  settled  at  Ana- 
pleas  (or  the  county  of  Strafford;  herst  in  1789,  where  he  was  soon  af- 
Hon.  Timothy     Walker,     85,    of  ter  appointed  a  civil  magistrate  and 

Concord.     He  was  born  in  tin's  town  

in  1737  :  was  graduated  at  Harvard      *  The  Marquis  Dc  la  Faveii*,  wiio  enf;.it»d  ia 

College  in   1756,     and  at  the  time    of  ""^American   .;r»ice    may  le  comicl.rfd  an  «- 
,  .        ,"    .,  '     ,         --  ,  ceijlion  to    tbii    remark,  aj  be  u   sUlI  uviag  in 

his   death,    was   the   fifth  surviving'  tVaocc. 


8  Apptndix. 

continued  in  the  faithful  discharge  of  his  Duiing  the  past  ye»r,  there  h«r«  »6- 
duty  till  his  death,  April  1.  Capi.  James  curred  a  number  of  instances  of  longevi- 
Gray,  of  E|)Som,  70— He  was  an  officer  ly,  wliich  it  imy  be  proper  to  notice, 
of  tfie  revolution,  ifnd  brotlier-iii-law  to  At  South-Hampton,  Mr.  Daniel  Jonrs. 
the  late  chief  justice  Pirsons.  Colonel  92;  at  Nortlvvood,  Mr.  John  Durgin,96; 
Asahel  Hunt  of  Char'i-stown,  70,  .nn  offi-  at  Pitsfield,  Mr.  John  Brown,  90;  at 
cer  of  rank  and  distinction  in  the  revo-  Plai-tmv,  Mr.  David  Flandpis,  P4:  at  Dun-  i 
lutiona!^  army;  Gideon  Gtoige  of  stable,  Lieut.  Temple  Kendall,  91,  the 
Hawke.  85,  and  Samuel  Eliot,  of  Mason,  oldest  man  in  that  town  ;  at  Londonder- 
both  so'diers  of  the  revolutionary  army,  ry,  Mr.  Johp  Boyes.  97  ;  at  Hiinmsiead, 
The  recent  death  of  Li'-ui.  VV.  H.  Al.-  Cajii.  William  Marshall,  ai;ed  96  years. 
LEN.  of  the  navy,  by  the  liKnds  of  the  6  months  13  days  ;  at  Manchester,  the 
pir;it>'S  has  excitnl  a  deep  sensntii  n  v>M\er»liIe  Joins  Stiirk,  93  yeais  8  months, 
throughout  ihf  couiilry.  He  was  killed  and  "24  days;  at  Concord,  Mr.  Reuben 
on  tiie  9tli  of  Ni)V.  in  a  contest  with  a  pi-  Abbot,  in  the  100th  year  of  lii.s  age— he 
ratical  schooner,  which  had  been  pieying  wns  born  at  Andover,  Mas.^.  Aiiil  IS'.h 
upon  delenceless  Amerisan  merchacii-  1723;  at  Plainfieid,  Lieut.  Joseph  Kim- 
men,  in  the  bays  adjoining  the  islai-.d  ol  ball.  91  ;  at  Lee.  IVlrs.  Susanna  Tliomp- 
Cuha  He  was  a  native  of  Hudson,  N.  son, 91  years.  Smooths;  at  ChesteifieW, 
York,  and  was  on  hi'ard  tiie  brig  Aigus,  ftlrs.  Hannali  Bayley.lO'J  years  3  months,  \ 
when  that  vessel  ft  ught  the  Pelican  with  wid^w  of  Mr.  Josiah  Bay'ey  of  Lnnen-  '' 
such  deSjierate  braveiy  in  tlie  Biitish  hurt',  Mass.  Slie  left  4  sons.  1  dautihter 
channel ;  and  tork  the  command  i^her  and  133  grand  and  gieat  grand  children  ; 
when  the  first  officer  was  killed-  The  a;  Loudon,  Mrs.  ISIartha  Bachelderin 
fate  of  Allen  shoubl  arouse  the  Ameri-  lier  99th  year;  at  Dublin,  Mr.  Daniel 
can  people  t)  active  exciiions.  Let  it  Albert,  9G  ;  at  Amherst,  iMr.  Btnjhniin 
not  he  saiil  that  we  could  successiully  Davis  98,  the  oldest  man  in  town  ;  at 
cope  with  the  greatest  naval  power  of  the  Sutton,  Mr.  Thomas  Waiker,  103.  He 
earth;  and  juffer  this  nest  of  despera  was  a  native  of  Wales,  was  a  soldier  of 
does  to  prey  npon  our  commerce.  The  the  revolution,  and  took  a  part  in  several 
government  of  Cuba  ought  not  to  see  im|)ortant  hatt'es  such  as  at  Saiaioga, 
withindifF8renceiliecommercewithih.it  While  Plains,  Brandywine,  &c  ;  at  Al- 
island  tt.us  cut  up  ;  but  it  is  notorious,  stead,  Mrs.  Abagail  Watts,  relict  of  Dr. 
that  their  merchants  encourage  -  these  Nathaniel  Watts,  91;  at  Richmond, 
outlaws,  and  purchase  of  them  the  frtiits  Mrs.  Expeiience  Barrus.  92  ;  at  Keene, 
of  their  nefarious  enterprize  !  The  s|)ir-  Mrs.  Dorcas  Ctaik,  95;  at  Rochester, 
it  of  Justice  cannot  always  sleep— in  this  M-rs.  EHzahe'li  Ham,  97. 
case  vengeance  is  just,  and  should  be  ex-  In  closing  this  liasty  and  imperfect 
ecuted.  review,  we  should  seem  to  be  insensible 

The  casualties  which  hr.ve  attended  to  the  worth  of  our  civil  and  relioious 
the  naval  service  for  the  past  year,  it  is  blessings,  did  we  not  again  allude  to 
believed  have  been  unprecei'ented  in  our  them.  It  is  unnecessary,  prihaps  to  re- 
lirstory.     Since    the    commencement    of  c;ipitulate. 

the  vear.    one  catiain,    one  master  com-        Range  the  wide  world,  a  hap])ipr  clime 
maiiil.Hiit,    N  !i.  iiicuanis,  4  <i'rgeons,    7   No  eye  has  seen.     E'en  Father  Time, 
surgeon's  mates,  2  pursers,    3j  midship-  Grown  weary  of  his  old  abode, 
men,   4  sailing  masters,   1  boatswain.   1   Biils  ruin  other  lands  corrode 
gunner,   1  carpenter,   -md  3  lieutenants  And  pauses  in  his  wild  career, 
of    marines,    have  died;  and  1  surgeon's  To  view  the  spring  of  glory  here, 
mate  and  14  midshipmen  have  resigned  :       In  eastern  clime,  forever  fani'd — 
making  a  total  decea,sed  and  resigned  of  Where  Israel's  guidant  pillar  flam'd, 
84  1   Many  of  t'lese  have  sacrificed  their  Where  priests  and   prophets  of  the  Lord 
lives  in  the  discharge  of  their  duties    on  In  rapture  spoke  his  holy   word — 
different  Mati'>iis,  exposed    to    unhealthy  And  where  Emmanuel's  glorious  birth 
climates,  while  protecting  our  commerce  Gave  promise  to  the  troubled  earth— 
against  piracy  and  outrage.  He  sees  the  gloomy  crescent  lower. 

In  the   military  esiahlishments   of  the  And  the  wild  infidel  in  power, 
country,   no   great   changes    have    been       Europe — her  energies  at  rest — 
TVtouriht.    Exoerience  is  teaching  the  na-  Still  heaxesan  anxious  troubled  breast  ; 
lion  their  utility,  and  how  far  they  should   And  man  in  every  clime  but  ours, 
extend,  and  the  best  method    of  control.   In  misery  and  madness  cowers. 
The  states  are  individually  giving  an  in-   Here  Liberty,  as  Dian  chaste, 
creased  attention  to  their  means  of  de-  Cheers  in  the  city  and  the  waste  ; 
fence,  in  providing  for  the  better  organi-  Leaves  th'  unfettered  soul  to  rise, 
Mtion  of  th*  militia.  From  aaith  to  goodacss  in  the  diiaa. 


PUBLIC  AFFAIRS  IN  JANUARY. 


France  and  Spain. — From  the 
tenor  of  recent  advices  from  Europe, 
it  may  be  reasonably  expected  that 
war  will  soon  take  place  between 
these  two  countries.  The  Congress 
at  Verona  was  dissolved  about  the 
1st  of  December,  and  the  great  pow- 
ers have  left  France  at  liberty  to  war 
upon  Spain  for  the  restoration  of  Fer- 
dinand, with  the  understanding,  per- 
haps, that  she  will  be  supported  by 
ihj  confederated  monarchs.  The 
Congress  of  Verona  assembled  under 
no  favorable  auspices.  Different 
views  actuated  the  sovereigns.  Al- 
exander was  irritated  at  the  result 
of  his  designs  on  Turkey — France 
was  turbulent  in  her  claims  for  the 
chastisement  of  the  Spanish  rebels — 
Austria  was  determined  if  possible  to 
maintam  her  power  in  Italy ;  and 
England,  tired  of  fighting  for  others, 
was  determined  to  remain  neutral, 
and  make  tiie  most  of  the  controver- 
sy. The  issue  of  the  war  between 
France  and  Spain,  should  it  take 
place,  may  be  foreseen.  France  en- 
ters Spain  ;  if  a  reverse  should  be 
met,  by  her  armies,  it  will  be  a  signal 
of  revolt  to  the  French  people — the 
Bourbons  will  lose  the  throne,  and 
young  Napoleon,  backed  by  Austria, 
and  perhaps  Russia,  will  ascend  tlie 
throne  of  France.  If  she  succeed 
in  coercing  Spain,  the  moment  her 
troops  withdraw,  tlie  Spaniards  will 
revive  their  constitution — acknow- 
ledge the  independence  of  South- 
America,  and  form  an  alliance  offen- 
sive and  defensive  with  the  new  gov- 
ernments— call  out  the  uatiouai  mi- 
litia— and  enlist  the  support  of  the 
whole  people.  They  will  thus  pre- 
sent a  most  formidable  barrier  against 
the  powttf  of  France,  weakened  as  it 
IS  by  discord  and  division.  The 
whole  seems  to  be  a  part  of  the  plan 
which  the  sovereigns  of  Europe  would 
o 


unwisely  adopt  for  the  suppression 
of  liberal  principles  ;  but  we  have 
little  fears  of  the  issue  of  the  contest 
— it  would  not  indeed  be  surprising 
if  it  should  shake  the  foundation  of 
legitimacy  to  the  centre. 

The  Spanish  clergy,  whose  influ- 
ence over  the  co.mmon  people  is  con- 
s'derable,  have  been  the  cause  of  the 
i.^Jurrectionary  movements  which 
have  recently  excited  the  attentioa 
of  the  Cortes.  Many  of  the  monks 
and  priests  have  joined  the  royal 
cause.  The  prelates  thus  circum- 
stanced have  been  formally  banished 
by  the  Cortes,  and  their  places  order- 
ed to  be  filled.  The  "armies  of  the 
Faith"  are  still  kept  up,  with  the  aid 
of  France,  in  Navarre  and  Catalo- 
nia. 

disgraceful  Bigotry  of  the  'Bour- 
bans. — A  grand  religious  ceremony 
(says  a  French  Gazette)  was  perfor- 
med at  the  royal  monastery  of  the 
Temple,  of  which  hsr  royal  Highness 
the  Princess  Louisa  Adelaide  de 
Bourbon  Coude  is  the  Prioress.  The 
object  of  the  ceremony  was  the  bap- 
tism of  four  great  bells,  which  are  to 
be  placed  ia  the  belfry  of  the  mo- 
nastery. They  were  blessed  in  the 
choir  of  the  Convent  by  the  Arch- 
bishop of  Paris.  The  godfather  and 
godmother,  the  King  and  Madame 
the  Duchess  of  Angouleme,  were  rep- 
resented by  the  Duke  of  Durae,  First 
Gentleman  to  his  Majesty,  and  the 
Duchess  of  Damas,  Lady  of  Honor 
to  Madam.  The  first  bell  was  called 
Louise  Marie  Benoit — the  second, 
Stanislas  Therese — the  third,  Xavier 
Antoinette — and  the  fourih,  Charles 
Elizabeth. — This  fudge  is  what  the 
Ultras  of  France  will,  no  doubt,  call 
"  the  revival  of  religion."  Men  of 
common  sense  can  regard  it  only  as 
an  insult  to  the  age,  and  a  gross  of- 
fence to  the  Deity.    The  legitimate 


10 


.appendix. 


Louis  the  18th,  "the  father  of  his 
people,"  and  the  godfather  to  a  ton 
of  bell-metal  ! 

England. — A  London  paper 
states,  that  more  than  a  million  bush- 
els of  human  and  inhuman  bone?, 
were  imported  during  the  last  year 
from  the  coatinent  of  Europe  into 
the  port  of  Hull.  The  fields  of  Leip- 
sic,  Austerlitz,  and  Waterloo,  have 
been  swept  of  the  bones  of  the  war- 
rior and  of  the  horse  which  he  rode. 
And  for  what?  It  is  ascertained  that 
hemes  make  an  excellent  manure  ; 
and  that  a  dead  soldier  is  a  valuable 
article  of  commerce.  It  is  a  singular 
fact,  that  Great-Britain  should  have 
sent  out  soldiers  (o  water  with  their 
blood  the  fields  of  Europe,  and  after- 
wards imported  their  bones  to  fertil- 
ize her  own  soil! 

There  are  in  England  100  males 
a«d  191  females  above  the  age  of 
100  years.  Population  about  four- 
teen millions. 

It  was  lately  voted  in  the  House  of 
Commons,on  motion  of  the  Lord  of  the 
Exchequer,  "  That  an  humble  Ad- 
dress be  presented  to  his  Majesty, 
to  represent  to  his  Majesty  that  the 
editions  of  the  works  of  our  ancient 
Historians  are  incorrect  and  defec- 
tive ;  that  many  of  their  writings 
still  remain  in  manuscript,  and  in 
some  cases  in  a  single  copy  only  ; 
and  that  a  uniform  and  convenient  e- 
dition  of  the  whole,  published  under 
his  Majesty's  Royal  sanction,  would 
be  an  undertaking  honorable  to  his 
Majesty's  reign,  and  conducive  to 
the  advancement  of  historical  and 
constitutional  knowledge  :  that  this 
House,  therefore,  humbly  beseeches 
his  Majesty,  that  he  would  be  gra- 
ciously pleased  to  give  such  direc- 
tions as  his  Majesty  in  his  wisdom 
may  think  fit,  for  the  publication  of 
a  complete  Edition  of  the  Ancient 
Histories  of  this  Realm  :  and  that 
this  House  begs  leave  to  assure  his 
Majesty,  that  whatever  expense  may 
be  necessary  for  this  purpose  will  be 
made  good  by  this  House." 

Ikkland. — If  we  are  to  believe 
English  papers,  outrages  of  an  atro- 
cious nature  still  continue  iu  various 
parts  of  Miis  unhappy  country.    The 


gentry  have  called  on  government 
for  assistance,  and  the  people  we  sup- 
pose will  be  dragooned  into  obedi- 
ence. The  county  of  Tipperary 
had  been  placed  under  the  insurrec- 
tion act. 

Scotland, — The  Caledonian  ca- 
nal, which  opens  a  communication 
from  sea  to  sea  through  Scotland,  af- 
ter twenty  years  labor,  has  just  been 
completed,  at  the  cost  of  about 
$4,000,000. 

Germany. — A  German  female 
lately  took  a  somewhat  novel  meth- 
od to  get  to  heaven.  She  killed  her 
three  children,  hoping  thereby  to 
provoke  her  husband  to  kill  her,  and 
thus  bring  him  to  the  gallsws,  in  or- 
der that  they  might  all  meet  togeth- 
er in  heaven  I 

Mexico. — The  establishment  of 
the  arbitrary  government  of  Mexico 
was  effected  through  the  instrumen- 
tality of  the  clergy,  a  powerful  body 
of  men,  who  stipulated  with  the 
reigning  chief  for  the  preservation  of 
church  power  and  influence.  They 
evinced  great  policy  in  their  adher- 
ence to  this  creature  of  their  own 
creation,  being  well  aware  that  should 
the  contemplated  change  produce  a 
just  manifestation  of  the  wishes  of 
the  people,  the  re-action  would  have 
wrung  from  their  possession  the  im- 
mense treasures  which  their  unprin- 
cipled avarice  had  accumulated. — 
With  the  aid  and  countenance  of  the 
priesthood,  the  revolution  was  effec- 
tual, and  the  throne  of  Iturbide  was 
triumphantly  erected  upon  the  ruin 
of  public  and  private  right,  and  the 
scaffolding  secured  by  the  horrid  ma- 
chinery of  the  Inquisition.  The  de- 
luded and  miserable  catholics  repose 
unlimited  faith  in  the  spiritual  power 
of  their  priests,  and  while  they  craf- 
tily keep  their  consciences  in  subjec- 
tion, the  Emperor  is  grinding  them 
with  every  temporal  engine  of  des- 
potism. 

Greece. — By  the  decision  of 
the  allied  sovereigns,  this  ill-faled 
country  is  to  be  left  to  the  tender 
mercies  of  the  Turks,  with  whom 
they  are  to  treat  or  struggle.  The 
spirit  of  liberty   still  animates  their 


Appendi 


11 


cTiiefs,  and  we  are  not  without  the 
hope,  that  tliey  will  finally  be  syc- 
cessfiil.  Corinth  surrendered  to  the 
Greeks  on  the  26th  September  ;  and 
on  the  2d  October,  the  captors  re- 
established the  seat  of  their  govern- 
ment at -that  place,  Canee,  capital 
of  the  island  of  Candia,  has  also 
surrendered  to  the  Greeks — which 
event  will  favor  materially  their  op- 
erations in  this  quarter. 
Extract  of  a  letter  of  President  Ad- 
ams, on  the  subject  of  Grecian 
emancipafion. 

"The  cause  of  liberty,  j  ustice  and 
humanity  is  in  a  critical  and  danger- 
ous situation  all  over  the  world. — 
The  great  powers  of  Europe  are  grad- 
ually swallowing  up  all  the  small 
ones  ;  and  the  solemn  league  and 
covenant  among  some  of  them,  and 
I  know  not  how  many,  threaten  civil 
wars  to  their  own  subjects,  and  long 
and  bloody  calamities  to  mankind. 
The  liberties  of  Holland,  Switzerland 
and  Italy,as  well  as  those  of  Spain  and 
Portugal,  are  in  a  situation  nearly  as 
dangerous  as  those  of  the  Greeks. — I 
think  thatSwitzerland  and  Italy  ought 
to  be  supported  as  well  as  Greece. 
Austria  all eady  commands  Italy,  and 
French  statesmen  avow,  that  in  case 
of  a  war  with  Austria,  France  must 
take  possession  of  Switzerland.  Now 
I  think  that  Switzerland,  Italy  and 
Greece,  ought  to  be  all  independent 
nations,  and  in  alliance  with  each 
other  for  mutual  support. 

"1  have  known  for  more  than  forty 
years  past,  that  the  eyes  of  the  great 
powers,  and  of  the  deep  politicians 
of  Europe,  have  been  turned  to  the 
Peloponnesus,  and  to  all  Greece,  and 
to  all  countries'  between  them  and 
India.  The  ultimate  object  of  the 
emperor  iSapoleon^s  expedition  to 
Egypt  was  this  spot.— Every  great 
power  in  Europe  longs  to  have  it,  but 
none  is  willing  ihU  another  should 
acquire  it.  The  subject,  I  own,  is  too 
vast  for  my  capacity— My  feelings 
would  soon  decide  ;  but  my  reason 
hesitates." 

Naples.— An  English  gentleman  res- 
ident in  this  city,  gives  the  following  in- 
teresting account  of  the  late 
Terrible  eruption  of  Mount  Vesuvius. 

This  eruption  took  place  in  October, 
and  is  the  tn^jt  extraordinary,  with  the 


exception  of  that  in  1794,  which  has  oc- 
curred within  the  memory  of  man. 

Since  the  eruption  of  February  last, 
the  mountain, with  the  exception  of  a  few 
trilling  discharges,  has  been  very  quiet ; 
1  observed  on  Sunday  evening  tliat  a  good 
oeal  sf  (ire  was  issuing  from  the  top  of 
the  cone  and  that  a  small  strcHm  of  lava 
had  been  thrown  out  ;  on  Monday  it 
seemed  rather  quiet,  but  in  the  middle  of 
the  night  the  people  i:i  tlie  neighborhood 
were  awakened  by  a  t,"emendous  explo- 
sion, and  the  volcano  prcnentcd  to  their 
aftVighted  eyes,  /lie  spectacle  of  an  im- 
mense body  of  fire,  rising  higli  in  the  air, 
from  the  summit  of  the  mountain,  and  a 
broad  and  unusually  rapid  stream  of  la- 
va rushing  down  the  hill,  towards  Porti- 
ci  and  Resina.  The  scene  was  so  appal- 
ling that  many  people  hurried  into  Na- 
ples, and  orders  were  given  to  remove 
the  most  valuable  objects  from  the  Roy- 
al Palaces  of  Portici  and  the  Favorita. 

On  Tuesday  morning  the  mountain  was 
enveloped  in  smoke,  and  intermitting  vol- 
leys were  discharged  from  the  cone  ;  but 
it  was  about  two  o'clock  that  it  display- 
ed the  most  wonderful  picture;  I  hap- 
pened to  be  on  the  open  terrace  of  San- 
ta Lucia  a  Mare  about  that  time  ;  on  a 
sudden  I  heard  a  lo.ng  roar,  like  thunder, 
and  saw  a  body  of  smoke,  of  immense 
volume, rise  from  the  crater;  presently 
it  extended  itself  over  the  city,  and  pre- 
sented for  some  minutes  a  spectacle  ef 
unparalleled  grandeur — a  spectacJe  of 
which  the  pen  can  give  no  idea,  and 
which  the  boldest  pencil  could  scarcely 
attempt  to  portray.  All  the  mountain 
was  \eiled  with  a  dark  grey  smoke,  and 
the  atmosphere  behind  it  was  almost 
black  ;  but  this  body  of  smoke  was  of  a 
silver  white,  and  took  the  most  beautiful 
forms.  When  it  rose  up  from  the  coae, 
it  had  very  much  the  figure  of  those  cu- 
rious pine  trees,  with  long  stems,  the 
branches  of  which  spring  out  from  the 
summit ;  as  it  rolled  over  towards  Na- 
ples, it  was,  if  suoh  a  thing  may  be  sup- 
posed, like  the  billows  o(  the  stormy  At- 
lantic, divested  of  their  fury  and  rapidi- 
ty, but  preserved  in  their  shapes.  This 
extraordinary  and  beautiful  spectacle  las- 
tod  for  several  minutes  ;  the  smoke  then 
spread  iiself  in  the  atmosphere,  and  soon 
veiled  from  my  view  all  the  opposite 
coast  and  mountains.  About  four  o'- 
clock I  rode  some  way  along  the  Portici 
road  to  observe  the  eruption  ;  but  the 
smoke  prevented  n)y  distinguishing  any 
thing.  I  met  a  great  number  of  gentle- 
men's carriages  coming  in,  for  at  the  be- 
ginning of  the  eruption  nearly  all  of  the 
Neapolitan  gentry  were  at  their  casini  at 
I'ortici,  Resina,  and  other  places  roun4 


12 


Appendix, 


Ihe  mountain,  this  being  the  season  of 
their  vilieggiatura. 

It  was  not  till  night  came  on,  that  I 
felt  all  the  sublimity  and  terror  of  the 
scene  ;  then  indeed,  the  eye  saw  a  nioun- 
tain  of  fire  under  a  heaven  of  smoke. 
The  discharge  from  the  crater  did  not 
cease  fer  a  moment,  and  l5ve  broad 
streams  of  lava  rolled  down  in  different 
directions.  The  electricity  communica- 
te^by  the  volcano,  produced  at  every 
instant,  flashes  of  brilliant  and  very  pecu- 
liar lightning,  and  at  times  the  electric 
fluid  played  low  down  the  cone,  in  the 
midst  of  the  volcanic  fire  and  smoke. 
The  roaring  of  the  mountain  was  heard 
distinctly  in  Naples,  and  many  times  the 
shock  produced  by  its  violent  throes  was 
felt  all  over  the  city.  The  open  parts  to- 
wards the  sea  were  crowded  to  excess, 
the  theatres  Tveie  all  deserted,  and  silent 
awe  prevailed  except  when  interrupted 
by  the  loud  prayers  and  cries  of  the  low- 
er orders,  who  seemed  persuaded  that  the 
hour  of  their  destruction  was  fast  ap- 
proaching. I  was  PiUi  h  struck  with  one 
circumstance ;  as  I  was  driving  round 
Santa  Lucia  about  9  o'clock,!  passed  a  nu- 
merous procession  of  poor  people,  who 
were  carrying  an  effigy  of  the  Virgin, 
and  a  few  wax  candles,  and  Crying,  an«' 
singing  their  prayers  with  deafening  loud- 
ness.—Among  other  expressions  of  grief 
and  fear,  I  heard  them  say  more  than 
once, 'Ah  this  is  because  our  King  has 
Jeft  us,  noi  to  come  back  any  more.' 

I  sat  out  about  ten  with  the  intention  of 
ascending  the  mountain  as  far  as  possi- 
ble; a  fine  dust  which  bad  been  falling 
the  greater  part  of  the  day,  at  this  hour 
of  the  day  much  increased,  and  was  very 
painful  to  the  eyes. — The  immense  quan- 
tify of  smoke  had  hid  the  streams  of  la- 
va, and  nothing  was  visible  but  the  burst- 
ing fire  of  the  crater,  whence  fjroceeded 
the  only  light  of  the  atmosphere  ;  for  the 
crescent  wioon  and  the  stars  were  concea- 
led behind  the  dingy  vapors  the  volcano 
had  created.  On  my  road  to  Resina,  I 
saw  an  immense  number  of  poor  families 
going  towards  Naples,  having  fled  from 
their  houses  in  the  town  of  the  ,Tere  del 
Greco,  the  village  of  Bosco,  the  town  of 
the  Torre  del  Annunziato,  etc.  The  mass 
of  these  unfortunate  people  were  on  foot, 
and  heavily  laden  ;  some,  as  the  richer, 
or  the  old  and  the  sick,  had  got  calessi. 
little  cars,  horses  and  asses;  some  of  the 
groups  were  (]ep!oiable,  End  consterna- 
tion was  imprinted  on  the  faces  of  all. 
Here  and  there  along  the  road,  I  saw 
troops  of  poor  wretches,  who  had  proba- 
bly no  place  to  go  to,  either  in  Naples  or 
in  any  other  part  of  the  world,  crouch- 


ing round  wood  fires.  "When  I  reached 
Portici,  I  found  other  crowds,  wherever 
they  had  been  permitted  to  stop  ;  and  the 
portico  of  a  church  near  the  royal  palace 
was  strewed  with  men,  women  and  chil- 
dren huddled  promiscuously  together. 

When  I  began  to  ascend  the  mountain 
from  Resina,  the  noise  of  the 'eruption 
was  like  the  roaring  of  the  tempestuous 
sea  rushing  into  deep  rocky  caves,  and 
the  lapilli  or  cinders  fell  around  me  like 
a  shower  of  rain.  I  could  not  see  the 
courses  of  the  lava,  but  every  moment  a 
broad  wall  of  fire  was  thrown  up  before 
me  from  the  crater  with  such  violence, 
and  to  buch  a  height,  that  it  seemed  to 
threaten,  distant  as  I  was,  to  overwhelm 
me  in  its  fall.  As  I  got  higher  up,  the 
noise  was  of  course  greater,  and  at  inter- 
vals, tremendous  crashes  broke  the  mo- 
notony of  the  roar;  at  those  nioraents,  I 
felt  the  mountain  tremble  beneath  me  ; 
the  lapilii  fell  thicker,  and  pattered  on 
my  hat  end  on  the  vines  like  a  heavy  fail 
of  hail,  and  I  felt  the  heat  very  great. 
After  a  fatiguing  climb,  1  reached  one  of 
the  most  considerable  streams  of  lava  ; 
1  found  it  very  hroad  and  glowing,  but 
much  slower  in  its  course  than  it  had 
been.  Here  I  could  see  nothing  but  the 
burning"  stream  to  which  I  was  close ; 
the  other  streams,  the  fire  from  the  crater, 
every  thing  was  hid  by  irapenetrable 
clouds  of  smoke ;  and  the  noise,  and  the 
trembling  of  the  mountain  continued  as 
indicating  that  the  work  of  violence  had 
not  ceased. — There  was  something  of 
mysterious  awe  and  terror  in  standing 
thus  near  the  scene  of  action,  without 
the  possibility  of  seeing  its  etfects. 

The  next  morning  the  mountain  was 
concealed  in  smoke,  and  the  whole  at- 
mosphere darkened ;  the  sun  scarcely 
appeared  at  Naples  during  the  whole 
day.  I  went  down  to  the  Torre  del  Gre- 
co, which  town  I  found  almost  entirely 
deserted  by  the  inhabitants,  and  guarded 
by  some  Austrian  troops.  From  Torr» 
del  Greco,  I  thought  of  going  en  toPom» 
peii ;  one  of  the  most  considerable 
streams  of  lava  had  taken  that  direction, 
and  I  thought  it  would  be  striking  to  wade 
through  that  disinterred  city  during  th« 
activity  of  its  ancient  enemy  ;  but  on  go- 
ing about  a  mile  and  a  half  from  lorre 
del  Greco,  I  found  the  roads  so  deeply 
covered  with  fine  dust  or  sand  thrown 
out  of  the  volcano,  that  the  horses  drag- 
ged ihe  carriage  with  difficulty;  and 
here  I  learned  that  a  little  farther  it 
would  be  impossible  to  pass,  the  sand  be- 
ing three  feet  deep.  From  this  situation 
I  saw  the  mountain  throwing  up  immense 
stones  from  the  crater  to  au  extra  ordina- 


Appendix, 


13 


17  height.  The  flight  ol  (he  dismayed 
people  was  ahnost  as  numerous  as  on  the 
preceding  night.  Toward*  evening  the 
mountain  was  more  tranquil,  and  the 
smoke  concealed  every  thinsr  during  tlie 
night.  On  the  succeeding  /norning  it 
was  discovered  that  a  lai-ge  piece  of  the 
cone  had  'fallen,  and  (hat  wiiich  was  the 
higher  is  now  the  lower. 

The  mountain  continued  to  tremble, 
emitting  smoke  and  ashes,  for  several 
days. 

UNITED  STATES. 

Congress — Very  little  business  of 
importance  has  as  yet  been  transact- 
ed in  Congress,  with  the  exception 
of  the  enaction  of  a  law  making  fur- 
ther and  more  efTectual  provision 
for  the  suppression  of  piracy.  This 
prompt  measure  of  delence  is  an  hon- 
or to  the  representatives  of  the  na- 
tion ;  and  will  result,  we  trust,  iu  the 
breaking  up  of  those  hordes  of  pi- 
rates who  have  so  long  infested  the 
West  Indian  seas.  The  subject  of 
abolishing  imprisonment  for  debt  ex- 
cites considerable  attention  in  Con- 
gress. The  bill  making  a  partial  ap- 
propriation for  the  current  expenses 
of  government  has  passed  both  hous- 
es. An  amendment  is  proposed  to 
the  constitution  of  the  United  States, 
the  object  of  which  is  to  provide  that 
if  no  candidate  for  President  sliall 
receive  a  majority  of  the  votes  of  the 
electors  at  their  first  meeting,  they^ 
shall  assemble  a  second  time,  and  e- 
lect  as  President  one  of  the  two  can- 
didates who  received  tiie  highest 
number  of  votes  at  the  first  election  ; 
and,  if  there  shall  be  a  tie  at  the  se- 
cond meeting,  then  the  election  shall 
devolve  upon  the  house  of  represen- 
tatives, as  at  present.  The  bill  to 
continue  the  present  mode  of  sup- 
plying the  army  has  passed  both  hou- 
ses. The  organization  of  the  mili- 
tia— the  regulation  of  commerce,  and 
protection  of  manutactures,  &c.  are 
subjects  which  deserve  and  receive 
the  attention  of  Congress.  A  bill  for 
organizing  the  naval  peace  "estabiish- 
ment,  is  before  the  House  of  Rep- 
resentatives. 

J\''avi/. — From  the  statement  of 
the  Secretary  of  the  Navy,  recently 
transmitted  to  Congress,  it  appears 
that,  including  the  ships  of  war  now 
building,  the  naval  force  of  this  coun- 


try would  rate  as  follows  : — 12  ships 
of  74  guns  ;  9  of  44  ;  4  of  3«  ;  1  of 
30  ;  2  of  24  ;  4  of  IS  ;  2  brigs  of  12 
guns;  6  schooners  of  12.  In  <hR 
whole,  40  vessels,  carrying  1674 
guns. 

The  whole  number  of  passengers  ar- 
riving from  foreign  ports  in  the  ports 
of  the  U.  States,  Vrom  the  1st  of  Oc- 
tober, 1821,  to  the  30th  September, 
1822,  is  reported  by  the  Secretary  of 
State  to  have  been  8482  ;  of  whom 
5241  were  males,  and  1136  females — 
the  sex  of  the  remainder  not  being 
reported  to  the  department  of  state. 
Of  these  a  considerable  proportion 
were  of  course  citizens  of  the  United 
States  returning  from  visits  to  (oreign 
countries.  There  were  imported  into 
the  United  States,  in  the  year  1821, 
twelve  million  four  hundred  and  sev- 
e.n(}i  eight  tlioiisand  cigars  ;  wliich 
at  2  cents  each,cost  the  smokers  249,- 
660  dollars,  for  that  year.  It  is  prob- 
able tliat  a  much  larger  number  were 
consumed,  of  domestic  manufacture 
This  is  literally  turning  gold  into 
smoke. 

Massachusetts. — The  legislature 
of  tliis  state  is  in  session — extending 
its  paternal  care  over  tlic  great  inter- 
e.sts  of  the  commonwealth.  Gov. 
Brooks,  who  has  for  several  years 
sustained  the  office  of  chief  magistrate 
declines  a  re-election,  retiring  to  the 
shades  of  private  life  with  the  bene- 
dictions of  the  people.  The  expen- 
ses of  the  Massachusetts  state  prison 
for  the  year  ending  Sept.  30,  1822, 
were  $62,853  02— the  receipts  $54,- 
4S1  41  ;  leaving  a  balance  against 
the  commonwealth  of  $8,371  61— to 
which  should  be  added  the  salaries  of 
the  oiTicers  of  the  prison,  amounting 
to  $2,900 — leaking  total  expense 
$11,271  61. 

J^cw-York. — On  the  first  of  Janu- 
ary His  Excellency  Joseph  C.  Yates, 
a;  Governor,  and  the  Hon.  Erastus 
Root,  as  Lieut.  Governor  were  sworn 
into  office  at  Albany.  In  his  mes- 
sage to  the  legislature.  Gov.  Yates 
expresses  an  opinion  that  solitary 
confinement  is  the  best  system  for  a 
state  prison.  A  bill  has  been  intro- 
duced into  the  legislature  for  abolish- 
ing all  official  honorary  titles,  such  as 
"His    Excellency,"   "His   Honor," 


14 


■Appendix. 


Sic.  Gov.  Yaf es  has  removed  with 
his  family  to  Albany.  The  new  con- 
stitution ol  that  state  has  now  gone 
into  operation.  The  geological  and 
agricultural  survey  of  the  Erie  Canal 
route  has  been  prosecuted  by  Prof. 
Eaton  as  far  as  Kochester.  The  first 
house  built  in  this  town  was  in  1812  ; 
it  has  now  an  active  population  of  3,- 
O00--forty  merchants  stores,six  hous- 
es for  public  worship,  &:c.  The  public 
income  of  this  state  for  the  past  year, 
was  nearly  a  million  of  dollars. 

There  are  at  present  in  this  state, 
99  weekly  newspaper",  one  publish- 
ed thrice  a  week  and  9  daily  ones — 
in  all  110.  It  is  estimated  that  164,- 
000  papers  are  circulated  weekly, 
and  eight  millions  and  a  half  a  year — 
in  value  about  $270,000. 

Pennsylvania. — By  an  official  es- 
timate, it  is  calculated  that  the  re- 
ceipts into  the  state  treasury  for  the 
present  year,  will  be  365,866  dollars, 
and  the  probable  demands  on  it  for 
the  support  of  government  and  other 
ordinary  expenses  will  be  $225,- 
000  ;  in  addition  to  these  demands, 
$80,800  will  be  required  to  pay 
the  interest  on  the  public  debt  for 
the  state,  aud  about  306,508  dol- 
lars to  pay  to  turnpike  roads,  to 
the  Union  Canal,  the  state  peniten- 
tiaries at  Philadelphia  and  Pittsburgh, 
and  for  purposes  of  education. — The 
commerce  of  Philadelphia,  it  is  stat- 
ed, has  been  on  a  gradual  increase 
for  four  years.  The  number  of 
looms  employed  in  the  cotton  man- 
ufactures in  Philadelphia, is  estimated 
at  2000,  requiring  annually  a  supply 
of  nearly  three  million  pounds  of  raw 
cotton,  which  produces  2,500,000 
pounds  of  yarn ;  this  is  wove  into 
9,984,000  yards  of  cloth  of  the  ave- 
rage value  of  20  cents  a  yard,  and  a- 
mounts  to  the  sum  of  1,996,800  dol- 
lars. 'Ihe  value  is  supposed  to  be  dis- 
tributed as  follows  :  To  the  planters 
$391,515  ;  to  the  spinners  $446,428  ; 
to  the  weavers  and  spoolers  $648,960; 
to  the  master  weavers,  or  the  inter- 
est of  money  and  profits,  $49,920  ; 
to  the  merchant,  for  djestufis,  freight 
and    commissions,  $349,102. 

Virginia, — Ripe  cherries  were 
gathered  near  Norfolk,  on  the  4th 
Dec.  last.    It  appears  from  a  report 


made  by  Mr.  Jefferson,  the  rector  of 
the  University  of  Virginia,that  all  the 
buildings  except  one  are  completed  ; 
that  they  cost  $226,161;  and  that 
the  remaining  building  will  cost  $46,- 
847.  These  immense  funds  are  chiefly 
advanced  by  the  state.  The  Virginia 
fund  for  internal  improvement  amounts 
to  $1,770,577— its  income  for  the 
pastyearwas$90,141;  of  which  $88,- 
405  were  apphed  to  the  objects  con- 
templated in  establishing  the  fund. 

Maryland  — The  Senate  of  this 
state  have  recently  rejected  a  bill  for 
abolishing  the  Test  Oath  in  that  state. 
This  is  now  the  only  state  in  the 
Union  where  the  test  is  required  of 
public  oiBcers  ;  and  it  is  high  time  this 
remnant  of  superstition  should  be  a- 
bolished.  Provisions  of  this  kind 
make  hypocrites,  not  christians. 

Alabama. — It  is  said  the  quantity 
of  cotton  raised  in  the  county  of 
Madison  alone,  in  this  state,  was  ia 
1821,  upwards  of  6,000,000  lb*.  ; 
amounting  at  the  then  market  price, 
to  $753,333.  Pop.  of  this  country 
in  1821,  was  17,481 :  the  product 
was  therefore  nearly  $45  per  soul,  or 
on  a  fair  estimate  $100  for  each  labor- 
ing hand.  The  same  rate  would 
give  to  our  union,  beyond  consump- 
tion, a  product  of  more  than  400 
milhons  of  dollars. 

Kentucky. — The  legislature  of 
this  state  has  ordered  $700,000  of 
the  Commonwealth's  Bank  to  be  cal- 
led in  and  burnt.  The  first  bonfire  was 
to  have  been  on  the  1st.  of  January. 

Soulh-Carolina.       The    following 
petition  of  one  of  the  Catabaw  tribe 
of  Indians,  was  lately    presented  to 
the  legislature  of  this  state. 
"  To  the  councils  of  South  Carolina. 

1  am  one  of  the  lingering  embers 
of  an  almost  extinguished  race— our 
graves  will  soon  be  our  habitations. 
1  am  one  of  the  few  stalks  that  still 
remain  in  the  field,  when  fhe  tempest 
of  the  revolution  is  past.  1  fought  a- 
gainst  the  British  for  your  sake — the 
British  have  now  disappeared,  and 
you  are  free  :  yet  from  me  the  British 
took  nothing — nor  have  I  gained  any 
thing  by  their  defeat.  I  pursue  the 
deer  for  my  subsistence — the  deer 
are  disappearing,  and  1  must  starve. 
God  ordained  me  for  the  forest,  and 


Appendix. 


15 


my  habitation  is  the  shade — but  the 
strenjith  of  my  arm  decays,  and  my 
feet   fail    in    the   chase.     The    hand 

I  which  fought  for  your  Jiberty,  is  now 
open  for  your  relief.  In  my  youth, 
I  bled  in  battle  that  you  might  be  iu- 
deoendent — let  not  my  heart,  in  my 
old  ace,  bleed  for  the  want  of  your 
eommiseration, 
(Signed)  PETER  HARRIS.'" 
Missouri. — This  new  state,  about 
which  so  much  excHement  has  hith- 
erto existed,  is  likely  to  prove  one 
of  the  most  wealthy  sections  of  the 
country.  Its  lead  mines  are  capable 
of  furnishing  enough  of  that  article 
to  supply  the  world.  A  cent  a  pound 
additional  duty  upon  foreigti  lead, 
and  a  facility  in  obtaining  leases  by 
the  citizens  of  the  state,  would  make 
the  product  of  the  mines  equal  to  the 
consumption  of  the  United  States, 
which  now  requires  from   $300,000 


to  $500,000  annually  from  England 
and  the  Mediterranean — a  handsome 
sum  to  save  to  Missouri,  more  than 
enough  to  meet  her  imports.  Nu- 
merous and  rich  beds  of  iron  ore  are 
found  in  this  country  ;  but  are  not 
yet  worked  for  want  of  capital.  A 
large  amount  has  been  embarked  in 
the  fur  trade,  which,  it  is  computed, 
will  employ  $1,000,000  per  annum, 
and  give  employment  to  2000  men. 
This  is  a  casli  trade  in  favoT  of  tho 
country.  Missouri  is  very  fiivorably 
situated  for  an  extended  commerce. 
Her  great  rivers,  with  their  numerous 
tributaries, open  conveyances  througb 
the  continent.  She  trades  to  Santa 
V'e,  to  the  Rocky  Mountains,  to  the 
falls  of  St.  Anthony,  to  the  North- 
ern Lakes,  to  all  the  states  upon  the 
Oiiio,  and  south  to  all  the  countries 
below. 


MONTHLY   REGISTER  OF  DEATHS, 

WITH  CONCISE  BIOGRAPHICAL    NOTICES. 


At  ses,  while  on  his  passage  from  Phil- 
adelphia to  Liverpool,  Nav.  27,  Hon. 
William  Lowndes,  LL.  D.  of  South 
Carolina,  for  many  years  a  diftirguished 
raemher  of  Congress,  and  who,  a  short 
time  before  he  sat  out  on  his  voyage,  re- 
signed his  seat  in  Congress  on  account 
of  ill-health.  He  was  the  second  Vice 
President  of  the  American  Academy  of 
Language  and  Belles-Lei tres,  and  was,  at 
the  last  commencement  at  Columbia  Col- 
lege in  New  York,  honored  with  the  de- 
gree of  Doctor  of  Laws. 

Ai  Canandaigua,  N.  Y.  Dec.  31,  IIojv. 
Gideon  Granger,  55.  He  was  born 
at  Sutfield,  Conn.  July  19,  1767;  gradu- 
ated at  Yale  College  i«  1787,  and  in  the 
year  following,  was  admitted  a  Counsel- 
lor of  the  Supreme  Conrt  of  his  native 
state.  He  was  appointed  Post  Mastt-r 
General  by  President  Jerterson  in  1801, 
and  continued  in  that  ollice  thirteen 
years. 

At  New  Haven,  Conn.  Jan.  11,  Hon. 
Jonathan  Ingersoll,  76,  Lieutenant 
Governor  and  President  of  the  Senate  of 
Connecticut.  He  graduated  at  Yale 
College  in  1767.  The  last  thirty  years  of 
his  life  were  employed  in  stations  of  dig- 
nitj-  and  responsibility.  In  the  House  of 
Representative",  as  a  Senator,  as  Judg^, 
as  Lieutenant  Governor  and  President 
of  the  Senate,  places  by  him  successively 


holden,  he  was  ever  regarded  with  affec- 
tion and  respect,  and  his  course  while 
thus  elevated,  was  alike  honorable  to 
himself  and  beneficial  to  the  community. 

In  Philadelphia,  on  the  30th  December, 
Mr.  John  Melish,  geographer,  in  the 
a2d yearof  his  age.  Mr.  M.  was  a  na- 
tive ot  Perthshire  in  Scotland,  but  being 
ardently  attached  to  the  principles  of  lib- 
erty, ho  emigrated  and  settled  in  this 
country  in  ISOt*.  Since  that  period,  hi« 
labors  in  the  sciences  of  Geography  and 
Political  Economy  have  been  eminently 
useful  to  his  adopted  country. 

In  Bedford,  the  HoN.  John  Orr, 
aged  75,  a  worthy  aud  much  respected 
ollicer  of  the  RcYolutlon.  He  was  in  the 
battle  of  Bcnni.ngton,  under  General 
John  Staik,  and  received  a  wound  in  the 
thigh  in  the  ear'y  part  of  the  engage- 
ment. The  ball  entered  just  abeve  the 
knee  joint,  and  lodged  in  the  bone,  which 
was  much  fractured,  and  large  pieces 
were  afterwarvis  extracted.  In  conse- 
quence of  this  wound  the  knee  joint  be- 
came ^tilf,  and  he  was  a  cripple  the  re- 
mainder of  his  Hie.  As  a  man,  a  magis- 
trate and  a  christian,  but  faw  have  been 
more  esteemed,  or  can  be  more  deepiy 
lamented.  He  possessed  a  strong  dis- 
criminating mind,  a  sound  judgment,  and 
retentive  mentory,  which  eminently  fitted 
him  to  discharge  the  duties  of  the  sever- 


16 


Appendix. 


al  stations  which  he   filtetl.     For  many  for  a  long   Series    of  years   the    couutT 

years,  he  r«:presented  the   town  ot'   his  Treasurer  of  Hillsborough,  and  retired 

residence  in  the  General  Court,   and  for  from  that  office  in  1803. — Col.  Means  was 

seven  years  in  succession,  wp.s  elected  a  a  member  of  several  charitable  institu- 

Senator  from  the  seventh   senatorial  dis-  tioni,  and   was  often  called    to  preside 

irict.    After  the  new  division  of  the  slate  over  them.     In  18 1-,  he  was  chosen   the 

into  districts  for  tlie   choice  of  Senators,  President  of  the   New-Hampshire  Bible 

Dec.  29,  1803,  he   was  elected  Senator  Society,  of  which  he  was  a  life  member, 
for  District  No.  3    the  two   succeeding        longevity.  In  TyuBsborough,  Ms.  Dec. 

years.     He  was  afterwards,  tor  a  number  mjjs  Abigail  Hadlock,  104  years  8  montlis,  a 

of  years  in  succession,  the  candidate   for  native  of  ©loncester.  Cane  Ann,  and  for  the 

Counsellor  of    the   county    of    Hill*bor-  last  60  years  of  her  life  a  domestic  in  the  lan.- 

ou-h.     He  was  among  the  oldest  raagis-  ?'y  "♦!^^e  late  Judge  Tyng,    -' 


trates  in  the  county,  and  had  been  in 
commission,  as  Justice  of  the  Peace  and 
of  the  Quorum,  more  than  twenty  years. 
In  Campton,  Jan.  4,  Col.  Samuel 
Holmes,  73.  , 

At  Amherst,  Jan.  25,  Kon.  Robekt 


Slie  was  a  mem- 
beroftlie  church  88  s^eavs.  In  Saiigus,  Ms. 
Mrs.  Esther  £k!muDds.  101  years,  and  1  day. 
In  'J'roy.  N.  Y.  Mrs.  Anne  Fowler,  100.  In 
Brunswick,  Me.  Jin.  13,  Gen.  JAMES  W. 
RYAN.  107,  an  active  officer  of  llie  American 
revolution.  \\\  Canada,  J.  Burns,  lis.  He 
was  in  the  battle  of  Culioden  in  Scotland,  the 
last  ttCaxt  of  the   Pretender  to   recover  the 


Means,  a    gentleman  of  distinguished  ciown  of  England.    In   Williairsiburg,  Ms. 

character,  and  long  knowH  and  esteemed  f'}^-  P^ebe  Cavy,  94-desceDdants  more  than 

,  ,       ■.       f  L  •„ „„    ,u„  a:^  30O.    In  Southbridge,  Ms.   Mr.  Ra  ph  Whee- 

tor  the  urbamty  of  his  manners,  the  d  g-  ,^^5^^  97,     i„  Anfhcr,t,  Ms.   Wid.  Martha 

nity   of  his  deportment,  and  his  regtilar  Dickinson,  91.    In  Tisbury,  Ms.  Mr.   Francis 

and  constant  atteiitio.n  to  the  duties  of  his  Lewis,  93—32  years  of  which  he  dressed  as  a 

Tirofes=ion.     At  an  early  period  of  life,  he  woman  and  was  supposed  to  be  such.    In  Sal- 

Liigrated  from  Ireland  to  this  country,  ^^^:\k^^^^^i:  ^^J^Z 

where,  by  his  industry  and  appUcation  to  ham  Gallishan,  97.    In   Rehoboth,  Ms.  Mr. 

business,  he  acquired  a  large  property.  Joseph  Sisson,  95.    In  Randolph,  Vt.  Co!. 

He  wa«  repeatedly  honored  with  several  David  Woodward,  98.    In  Rockingham,  Vt. 

LViportant  offices:  which  he  filled  with  ramt'^tdge?,'""'  ''•  -^"-^'»^^'.'''-^V. 

honor  to  himself,  and  to  the  satisfaction  -    ■  ■ 


of  his  constituents.  In  the  years  1783, 
1784 and  1789,  he  waselected  a  represen. 
tative  from  Amherst  to  the  General  Court. 
In  1786, 1789  and  1791,  he  was  chosen 
one  of  the  Senators  from  Hillsborough 
County;  and  in  1786,  he  filled  the  office 
of  Counsellor  for  that  county.     He  was 


In  Marlborough,  Wid. 
Keziah  Morse,  90.  In  Loudon,  Mr.  John  Al<- 
bot,95.  In  Lempster,  Mrs.  Lucy  Ames,  91, 
In  Lebanon,  Jlr.  Samuel  Estabvook,  94,  one 
of  the  first  settlers  of  that  town.  In  Hop- 
kinton  Mr.  John  Eaton,  90.  In  Boston,  Mr. 
AViiliam  Homer,  96.  He  was  born  in  Boston 
March  3, 1727,  and  probably  died  the  oldest 
anaie  inhabitant  of  that  city. 


DEATHS  IN  1822— AND  PROPORTION  TO  THE  POPULATION, 


Towns. 
Alexandria,  N.  H. 
Boston,  Ms. 
Charlestovjn,  Ms. 
Concord,  N.  H. 
Dover,  N.  H. 
Durham,  N.  H. 
Fitzwilliam,  N.  H. 
Ilallowell,  Me. 
Hanson.  Ms. 
Hartford,  Conn, 
llopkiuton,*  N.  H." 
New  Haven,  Conn, 
New  London,  N.  H. 
Northampton,  Ms. 


JVo. 
25 

1203 

105 
42 
54 
Tig 
22 
25 
32 

125 
70 

144 
13 


Inhah. 

Propor. 

707 

1-23 

43,  940 

1-36 

6591 

1-62 

2?38 

1-67 

2t!71 

1-53 

1538 

1-40 

1167 

1-53 

3000 

1-116 

917 

1-28 

4726 

1-37 

2437 

1-35 

7147 

1-49 

924 

1-71 

2854 

1-63 

Pittsfield,Ms. 

41 

2763 

1-67 

Pclham,  N.  H. 

17 

1040 

1-61 

Plymouth.  Ms. 

S3 

4334 

1-82 

Portsmouth,  N.  H. 

125 

7327 

1-58 

Portland,  Me. 

185 

8581 

1-46 

Salem.  Ms. 

22s 

12,7.".  I 

1-56 

Springfield.  Ms. 

43 

2767 

1-64 

Weare.N.H. 

20 

2781 

1-139 

1 

21  Towns. 

2627 

124,029 

1-47 

■•Of  the  deaths  in  this  town,  56  were  chil- 
dren and  youth,  and  most  of  these  died  of  the 
throat  distemper. 


METEOROLOGICAL. 

State  of  the  Thermometer  in  several  places  durtjig  the  coldest 

icealhcr  of  the  past  month. 

Jan.  6,  Haverhill,  22°  beiow  0  |  Jan.  8,  Keene, 

"   Orford,  26°    do.       |  "  Portsmouth, 

Jan.  8,  Bellows-Fall3,  20°    do.       |  "    Saco,  Me, 

"    Concord,  11°    do.       1  "   Salem,  Me. 

"    Hanover,  26°     do.       | 

The  greatest  degree  of  cold  at.  Concord,  was  on  Tuesday  morning,  Jan.  8.  at  sun- 
rise, when  the  mercury  stood  at  11°.  The  greatest  degree  during  the  last  winter 
from  the  same  thermometer,  was  on  Jan.  17,  when  the  mercury  stood  at  16°  below  0. 


23°  below  0 

8°    do. 
23°    do, 

6°    do. 


' 


Awmm^^ 


PUBLIC  AFFAIRS  IN  FEBRUARY. 


Syria. 

A  succession  of  earthquakes — 
causing  the  most  dismal  results — 
was  experienced  ia  l^yria  from  the 
18th  of  Aug-,  to  the  9lh  of  Oct. 
last  The  communication  of  this 
disastrous  calamity  was  made  by 
Mr.  Barker,  Consul  at  Aleppo,  to 
\he  Levant  Company.  The  follow- 
ing are  extracts  : 

"  J^ear  the  Ruins  of  Antioch, 
Sepf.  13,  1822.  •>  It  has  fallen  to 
iny  lot  to  relate  the  particulars  of 
an  event  that  has  thrown  most  of 
the  families  of  this  part  of  Syria 
into  sorrow  and  mourning,  and  all 
into  the  greatest  difficulties  and 
distress. 

"  On  the  18th  of  Aug.  at  half 
past  nine  in  the  evening,  Aleppo, 
Antioch,  Idlid,  Rilla,  Gisser,  Shohr, 
Darcoush,  Armenas,  every  vil'age 
and  every  detached  cottage  in  this 
Pashalia,  and  some  towns  in  the 
adjoining  ones,  were  in  10  or  12 
seconds  entirely  ruined  by  an 
earthquake,  and  are  become  heaps 
of  stones  and  rubbish  ;  in  which, 
on  the  lowest  computation,  twenty 
thouiund  human  beings,  about  a 
tenth  of  the  population,  were  des- 
troyed, and  an  equal  number  mann- 
ed or  wounded  ! — The  extreme 
points,  where  this  terrible  phenom- 
enon was  violent  enough  to  destroy 
the  edifices,  seem  to  be  Diabckir 
and  Merkah,  12  leagues  south  of 
Laturchin,  Aleppo  and  Scanderon, 
Killis  and  Kahn  Shekoou.  All 
within  these  points  have  suflered  so 
nearly  equally,  except  Orfa  and 
Latacina,  which  have  not  suffered 
much,  that  it  is  impossible  to  fix  on 
a  central  point.  The  .shock  was 
sensibly  felt  at  Damascus,  Adeao, 
and  Cyprus. 

—3 


"  To  the  east  of  Diabekir,  and 
north  of  Kilhs  I  am  not  well  infor- 
med how  far  the  effect  extended  in 
those  radii  of  the  circle.  The  shock 
was  felt  at  sea  so  violently  within 
two  leagues  of  Cyprus,  that  it  was 
thought  the  ship  had  grounded. 
Flashes  of  fire  were  perceived  at 
various  times  throughout  the  night, 
resembling  the  light  of  the  full 
moon,  but  at  no  place  to  ray  know- 
ledge has  it  left  a  chasm  of  any  ex- 
tent, although  in  the  low  g-rounds 
slight  crevices  are  every  where  to 
be  seen,  and  out  of  many  of  them 
water  issued,  but  soon  after  subsi- 
ded. 

"  There  was  nothing-  remarkable 
in  the  weather  or  state  ©f  the  at- 
mosphere. Edifices,  on  the  sum- 
mits of  the  highest  mountains,  were 
not  safer  than  buildings  situated  on 
the  banks  of  rivers,  or  on  the  beach 
of  the  sea. 

'■'Oct.  18,  1S22.— Till  the  9th  inst. 
slight  shocks  of  earthquakes  con 
tinned  to  be  felt  ;  since  that  day, 
they  have  entirely  ceased,  but  con- 
fidence in  a  continuance  of  safety 
from  that  dreadful  calamity  is  not 
restored,  and  although  the  rains 
and  cold  weather  render  our  sheds 
very  inconvenient  habitations,  no- 
body is  yet  inclined  to  sleep  under 
a  roof  supported  by  walls." 
Greeks  and  Turks. 

According  to  a  letter  from  Sem- 
lin,  of  Nov.  18th,  in  the  Avgs- 
burgh  Gazette,  Chovrchid  Pacha 
had  a  fresh  defeat  on  the  22d,  23d, 
and  24lh  Oct.  ;  had  lost  7000  men  ; 
and  had  retreated  upon  Larissa. 
Upon  his  arrival  (here,  he  found 
the  firman  for  his  recal,  and  the 
appointment  of  Abdallah,  Pacha 
of  Salonica  in  his  stead. 


1! 


Appendix. 


Accounts  trom  Cephalonia,  re- 
ceived at  Paris,  say  f  bat  the  Turks 
under  Omir  Vrione,  had  sustained 
a  complete  de/eat  at  Missolonghi, 
in  Nov. 

The  Greeks  have  g-ained  an  ad- 
vantage over  their  cruel  avid  im- 
placable enemy,  by  destroying  a 
port  of  their  fleet.  When  the 
Turkish  fleet  left  Psara  for  the  b9.y 
of  Tecedos,  a  small  division  of  the 
Grecian  squadron  pursued  Uiem,  to 
take  advantage  of  every  opportu- 
nity which  presented  itself.  Hav- 
ing obtained  the  necessary  infor- 
mation as  to  the  situation  of  the 
enemy,  two  of  the  Grecian  cap- 
tains obtained  permission  to  set  fire 
to  the  fleet  by  means  of  fireships. 
Accordingly  two  fireships,  accom- 
panied by  two  sloops  of  war,  sat 
out  on  the  10th  of  Nov.  ia  very 
tempestuous  weather,  and  deceived 
the  vigilance  of  the  first  line,  by 
passing  dexterously  on  one  side ; 
but  when  they  approached  the  port, 
two  frig-ates  gave  notice  of  their 
intention  to  the  admiral,  who  ap- 
prised the  whole  fleet  by  firing 
three  shots.  The  Greeks  took  ad- 
vantage of  this  circiunstance  ;  for 
Capt.  Canaris  recognizing  the  ad- 
miral by  this  signal,  exclaimed, 
"  Courage,  my  comrades,  we  have 
the  enemy,"  immediately  attacked 
the  vessel,  which  he  burned  with 
such  rapidit}'  that  not  more  than 
20  or  30  of  the  crew  escaped.  Two 
frigates  alongside  the  admiral  were 
consumed  in  thesqme  manner,  and 
a  ship  of  the  line  whiclr  was  fired 
made  its  escape  with  little  damage 
— TweJvo  of  the  Turkish  brigs  and 
four  frigates  were  destroyed  by 
the  storm,  and  one  of  tiieir  cor- 
vettes was  captured.  On  the  re- 
turn of  the  Greek  fleet  the  cap- 
tains and  crew  were  received  by 
the  Cpbori  and  an  immense  crowd 
of  spectators  with  cries  of  "  Long 
live  the  heroes  of  Tcnedos  !  honor 
to  the  brave  !  long  live  the  Jllus- 
trious  defenders  of  our  indepen- 
dence !"  At  this  time,  Mr.  Hamil- 
ton, vxmrn'inder  of  the  Cambrian, 
(British)  entered  the  port,  and  de- 


manded the  cause  of  the  rejoicing  ; 
being  informed,  he  desired  to  see 
Capt.  Crmaris,  and  a  few  •compli- 
ments having  passed,  he  asked  him 
how  the  Greeks  prepared  their  fire- 
ships  to  make  them  succeed  so 
well  ?  "  As  to  piepari/ig  them,'' 
replied  the  Psariot  captain,  "  we 
follow  our  method,  comnisnder ; 
but  to  make  them  succeed,we  have 
a  secret  which  we  keep  Cfracealed 
here,  (placing  his  hand  upon  his 
heart)  it  is  the  love  of  indepen- 
dence which  has  «=nabled  us  to  dis- 
cover this  secret.''  Captain  Ham- 
ilton declared  to  the  admiralty  that 
his  government  recognized  the 
blockade  declared  by  the  Greek 
government.  It  is  also  said  (hat 
the  French  Consul  has  enjoined 
all  the  captains  of  his  nation  to  ob- 
serve the  declaration  of  blockade 
made  by  the  Greek  government. 

France. 

If  we  are  to  judge  from  the  fre- 
quent arrests  and  trials  of  printers 
and  authors  which  take  place  ia 
this  country,  we  must  suppose  that 
the  libert}-  of  the  press  exists  only 
in  name.  The  newspapers  are  si- 
lenced on  political  atfairs,  and  the 
print-shops  are  searched  for  caric- 
atures ;  while  the  continual  fine 
anrt  imprisonment  of  writers  and 
publishers  hold  the  rod  of  terror 
over  the  few  presses  in  Paris,  and 
forbid  us  to  look  {in-  any  thing  like 
free  discussion  or  the  espesure  of 
facts  from  the  French  nress.  There 
are  many  factions  in  France,  but 
two  porties  only—the  one  inclined 
to  war,  the  other  to  peace.  The 
King  is  said  to  be  for  paci6c  policy 
— the  ministry  for  warlike  meas- 
ures. The  people,  however,  bi'lieve 
in  (he  continuance  of  peace,  and 
daily  fit  out  vessels  for  Havana,  the 
West-Indies,  &c.  The  prepara- 
tions of  the  French  army  of  obser- 
vation, it  is  thought  are  intended 
to  frighten  the  bpanish  Cortes  into 
a  change  of  their  constitution. 

At  the  battle  of  Footenoi,  the 
opposing  armies  having  approach- 
ed so  near  each  otheF)  that  the  of&- 


.Appendix, 


19 


cers  saluted,  Lord  Charles  Hay, 
commander  of  the  English  Guards, 
exclrimed  to  those  of  F'rance, 
"  Fire,  Gentlemen  ;"  the  Noble- 
man, who  commanded  the  French 
Guards,  replied  in  a  loud  voice, 
"  We  never  fire  first — fire  your- 
selves." They  received  accor- 
dingly the  Fnglish  fire.  Such  was 
tlie  courtesy  of  a  Frenchman  to 
bis  enemy.  And  no  less  would  be 
his  courtesy  to  a  friend  and  a  neigii- 
bor.  There  cannot  be  in  Fi-ance, 
so  far  as  the  army  is  concerned,  a 
hostile  feeling  agr.inst  Spain — re- 
generate, unoiTeuding-jheroic  Spain. 
It  was  a  (viciied  permission,  given 
by  the  Allies  to  Louis,  to  invade 
the  Spanish  territories.  It  is  noth- 
ing more  nor  less  than  the  effort  of 
a  bully  to  excite  a  quanel,  in 
which  he  shall  not  participate  fur- 
ther than  its  spoil. 

Spain. 

The  Constitutionalists  are  still 
successful. — Mina,  in  older  to  at- 
tach the  French  to  his  standard, 
was  on  the  confines  of  Spain,  or- 
ganizing a  regiment,or  rather  army 
of  foreigners,  who  all  wore  the  tri- 
colored  cockade.  Four  hundred 
letters  of  marque  had  been  for- 
warded to  the  Spanish  Consul  in 
London. 

The  Spanish  Cortes  have  grint- 
ed  20  millions  of  reals  for  the  ser- 
vice of  the  navy. 

The  Bishop  of  Urgel  has  taken 
refuge  in  France. 

Madrid,  Dec.  15. — We  know 
that  the  Holy  Alliance  has  author- 
ized the  Cabinet  of  the  Thuilleries 
to  interfere  in  our  affairs.  This 
news  h^s  caused  a  great  sensation 
in  the  capital,  and  may  have  a  bad 
effect  in  the  Provinces,  where  the 
enemies  of  the  system  have  en- 
deavored to  alarm  the  people  by 
reporting  that  100,000  French 
would  speedily  enter  the  Spanish 
terri>*ory.  However,  the  confi- 
dence that  we  have  in  the  assist- 
ance of  England  in  the  struggle — 
the  fact  tht^t  the  Sovereigns  have 
left  France  to  act  alone — the  con- 


tinued triumph  of  Mina  in  Catalo- 
nia— the  zeal  of  the  patriots — the 
new  alliance  with  Portugal,  quiet 
our  apprehensions,  and  make  us 
look  withotrt  fear  to  a  war  with 
France.  In  spite,  therefore,  of  the 
exhausted  state  of  the  Treasury, 
the  pr.eparations  for  war  are  carri- 
ed on  with  the  greatest  activity. 

An  article  from  Madrid  of  Dec. 
15,  says,  it  is  8t;iled  as  positive, 
that  a  treaty  of  Alliance  between 
Spain  and  Portugal  has  been  con- 
cluded. Eight  thousand  men  are 
to  enter  Spain  forthwith,  and  to  be 
placed  at  the  disposal  of  the  gov- 
ernment. It  is  even  said,  that  a 
commercial  treaty  has  been  arran- 
ged between  these  two  Powers. — 
The  Spanish  Ministers  have  enter- 
ed into  a  new  contract  with  a  for- 
eign house,  for  the  supply  of  70,000 
muskets.  Ii5  the  mean  time,  the 
manufacture  of  arms  in  the  Penin- 
sula is  carried  on  with  the  great- 
est activity.  They  have  also  given 
notice,  that  they  will  receive  ten- 
ders for  equipping  50,000  men  in- 
stantly. A  loan  of  four  millions  is 
also  to  be  negociated. 

England. 

About  60  English  gold  and  sil- 
ver coins  of  various  denominations, 
belonging  to  the  reign  of  Henry  V. 
and  his  immediate  ancestors,  were 
lately  found  in  an  old  cup  upon 
Cockney  Moor,  near  Bolton. — 
They  were  deposited  in  an  old  cow 
horn,  and  hidden  probably  during 
the  wars  of  legitimacy  between 
the  houses  of  Lancaster  and  York. 
The  Britihh  revenue  for  the  last 
quarter  V7as  said  to  be  very  favora- 
ble. The  deaths  in  London  for  the 
vear  ending  Dec.  10,  1822,  were 
18,865—9483  males,  938,2  females. 
During  the  same  period  23,373 
persons  were  christened — 11,968 
males,  11,405  females. 

Miscellaneous  extracts  from  Eng- 
lish papers. — Along  the  banks  of 
the  Union  Canal,  near  Edinburgh, 
certain  edifices  have  been  erected 
which  strike  the  traveller  with  as- 
tonishment.— These  arc  huts  erect- 


20 


Appendix. 


cd  by  Irish  laborers,  Jipon  some 
few  vacaat  spots  of  ground  belong- 
iDg  to  the  Canal  proprietors.  Each 
presents  a  picture  of  poverty  which 
is  new  to  the  people  on  this  side 
tbe  Channe!.  One  of  them  (with 
the  exception,  perhaps,  of  a  few 
sticks)  is  composed  entirely  of  rot- 
ten straw  ;  its  dimensions  would 
not  suflSce  for  a  pig-sty,  and  its 
form  is  that  of  a  bee-hive,  only  it 
is  more  conical.  The  smoke 
which  does  not  escape  at  the  door 
penetrates  through  every  part  of 
the  structure,  which  thus  presents 
at  all  times  the  appearance  of  a 
hayrick  on  fire.  In  the  midst  of 
such  misery,  the  children  appear 
healthful  and  frolicksome,  and  the 
men  and  -svometi  contented  and 
happy. 

Midshipman's  Pay. — An  otEcer 
of  the  navy  being  asked  what  Mr. 
Burke  meant  by  tbe  "  Cheap  de- 
feace  of  nations  ?"  replied,  that 
many  peraons  in  his  line  under- 
stood him  to  mean  a  midshipman's 
half-pay,  "Nothing  a  day,  and  find 
himself.'" 

Italy. — The  clergy  at  Rome 
consists  of  nineteen  cardinals, 
twenty-seven  bishops,  1450  priests, 
1,632  monks,  1,464  nuns,  and  332 
seminarists.  The  population  of 
Rome,  with  exception  of  the  Jews, 
consisted  in  182 i,  of  146,000  souls. 
The  births  during  that  year  were 
4,756  ;  the  deaths  5,415";  and  tbe 
marriages,  1,205. 

On  a  flat  stone  in  the  nave  of 
Conway  Church  is  the  following 
inscription  : — "  Here  lyeth  the  bo- 
dy of  Nicholas  Hookes,  of  Conway, 
Gent,  who  was  the  forty-first  child 
of  his  father  William  Hookes,  Esq. 
hy  Alice  his  wife,  and  father  of  27 
children  ;  he  died  the  29th  day  of 
March,  1687." 

Stcam-Engine. — A  merchant  in 
London  has  obtained  a  patent  for 
aninjprovement  in  steam-engines, 
by  the  application  of  steam  imme- 
diately to  a  wheel  instead  of  the 
usual  process. 

Writing  History. — When  Leti, 
the  Historian  was  one  day  attend- 


ing the  levee  of  Charles  II.  be 
said  to  him,  "Leti.  J  bear  that  you 
are  writing  ihe  History  of  the 
Court  of  England,^'' — "Sir,  I  Lave 
been  for  some  time  preparing  ma- 
terials for  such  a  history."  "Take 
care  that  your  work  give  nr>  of- 
fence,'* said  the  prince.  Leti  re- 
plied, "  Sir,  I  will  d©  what  I  can, 
but  if  a  man  were  as  wire  as  Solo- 
mon, he  would  scarcely  be  able  to 
avoid  giving  offence  "  "  Why 
then,"  rejoined  the  King,  "  be  as 
wise  as  Solomon  :  write  Proverbs, 
net  Histories." 

Piron,  coming  out  of  a  house, 
met  a  Bishop  entering,  who  obscv- 
ing  his  rich  dress,  told  Piron  that 
his  dress  did  not  suit  him.  Piron 
knew  the  faults  of  the  Prelate,  and 
replied  haughtily,  "  My  Lord  nei- 
ther do  you  suit  your  dress." 

A  manuscript  of  the  eighth  cen- 
tury, hitherto  unknown,  of  a  trans- 
lation of  the  Bible  into  the  Geor- 
gian language,  by  St.  Euphemius, 
has  been  discovered  in  the  convent 
of  Mount  Athos,  in  Macedonia. 

Tbe  small  pox  is  at  this  moment 
spreading  its  ravages  in  three  great 
cities  of  Europe — Paris,  Madrid 
and  Amsterdam.  It  is  thus,  that  a 
fatal  prejudice  still  opposes,  in  spite 
of  experience,  the  propagation  of 
the  blessings  of  vaccination,  the 
most  precious  discovery  of  the  age. 

A  German  Journal  enumerates, 
in  the  following  manner,  the  Con- 
gresses which  have  been  held  for 
these  thirty  years  past  : 

The  Congress  of  Richenhach, 
in  Silesia,  commenced  on  the  27th 
June,  1790  ;  at  it  the  conventioa 
between  Austria  and  Prussia,  rela- 
tive to  the  peace  of  the  former  wiUi 
the  Porte,  was  concluded  on  the 
27th  July.  The  Congress  of  Pil- 
nitz  was  held  on  the  27th  August, 
1791,  between  the  Emperor  of 
Germany  and  the  King  of  Prussia, 
for  the  le-establishment  of  the  mo- 
narchial  system  in  France.  The 
Congress  of  Rastadt,  which  was 
assembled  for  the  purpose  of  bring- 
ing about  a  peace  between  the 
GermaQic  Empire  and  France,was 


Appendioi^ 


21 


opened  on  the  7th  of  December, 
1797.  It  terminated  on  tbe  6tli  of 
April,  1799,  without  producing  any 
result.  The  Congress  of  Emper- 
ors at  Erfurt,  to  deliberate  on  the 
affairs  of  Europe,  commenced  on 
the  21\.\\  ot  September,  and  closed 
on  the  14th  of  October,  1808.  The 
Congress  of  Pragne,  for  re-estab- 
lishing- peace  on  the  continent  of 
Europe,  was  to  have  commenced 
on  the  12th  of  July,  but  the  French 
Plenipotentiary,  Caulincourt,  did 
not  arrive  till  the  28th  of  that 
month.  This  Congress  termina- 
ted on  the  9th  August  without  pro- 
ducing any  result.  The  Congress 
of  Vienna,  which  had  for  its  ob- 
jects to  assign  indemnities  and  ter- 
ritories to  several  slates,  opened  on 
the  1st  of  November  1814,  and 
closed  on  the  9th  of  June  1815. 
The  Congress  of  Monarchs  rela- 
tive to  the  evacuation  of  France 
by  the  Allied  troops,  and  the  sitna- 
tion  of  Europe,  commenced  on  the 
27th  of  September,  and  termina- 
ted on  the  15th  of  November  1818. 
The  Ministerial  Congress  of  Carls- 
bad, which  was  opened  in  August, 
and  continued  at  Vienna  during 
September  1819,  was  confined  to 
the  affairs  of  Germany.  The  Con- 
gress of  Monarchs  at  Troppau, 
from  the  end  of  October  to  the 
month  of  December  1820 — and  at 
Laybach  from  Janaary  to  March 
1»22,  took  into  consideration  the 
affairs  of  Italy  in  general,  but  more 
particularly  those  of  Naples  and 
Piedmont.  The  Congress  of  Ve- 
rona opened  on  the  22d  of  Octo- 
ber. 

Canada. 
The  two  branches  of  the  Provin- 
cial Parliament  of  Lower  Canada, 
in  a  series  of  resolutions^  have  re- 
spectively announced  their  dissent 
to  the  projected  union  of  the  Le- 
gislature of  Upper  and  Lower 
Canada.  They  say  it  is  a  measure 
which  will  be  attended  with  incon- 
trovertible evil, and  productive  of 
fears,  jealousies  and  discontent  in  a 
people  warmly    attached    to   the 


present  Constitution.  It  will 
weaken  and  embarrass  the  admin- 
istration of  the  King's  government. 
The  closing  resolution  of  tiie  house 
is  expressed  in  strong  terms:  "That 
were  the  proposed  alterations 
adopted  by  Parliament,  the  result 
would  be  that  two  Provinces  hav- 
ing Laws,  civil  and  religious  Insti- 
tutions and  usages  essentially  dif- 
ferent, would  be  stibmitted  to  one 
and  the  same  Legislature,  whose 
decisions  would  alternately  men- 
ace the  Laws,  and  Institutions  of 
either  province. — That  there 
would  theore  result  well  founded 
disquietudes  respecting  the  stabili- 
ty of  those  Laws  and  Institutions, 
fatal  doubts  of  the  future  lot  of 
these  Colonies,  and  a  relaxation  of 
the  energy  and  confidence  of  the 
people,  and  of  the  bonds  which  so 
strongly  attach  them  to  the  mother 
country." 

Committees  were  chosen  in  both 
houses  to  prepare  an  humble  ad- 
dress to  be  presented  to  his  Majes- 
ty expressive  of  their  opinion  on 
the  proposed  Union  ol  the  two  lo- 
cal governmeots.  The  vote  in 
the  House  of  Assembly  adopting 
the  Resolutions,  was  yeas  32,  nays 
3.  In  the  Council  the  votes  stood 
- — Contents  15,  Non-Contents  5. 

THE  TJNITED    STATES. 

Summary  of  the  most  intcrnsting 
news. — Congress  is  yet  in  session, 
activel}'  engaged  in  business ;  no 
very  important  measures,  however 
have  as  yet  been  adopted.  But 
there  are  many  interesting  subj>icts 
before  them,  that  will  no  doubt  re- 
ceive due  attention. 

The  number  of  pieces  coined  at 
the  United  States  mint  fiom  the 
date  of  its  establishmeCt  in  1793, 
to  the  year  1821,  was  72,263,972, 
amounting  in  value  to  $19,852,746 
68.  The  amount  in  gold  is  $7,620 
8ts7  50,  in  1,  405,940  pieces  ;  silver 
§11,606,193  40,in  25,675,732  piec- 
es ;  in  copper  $425,685  78,  in  45,- 
195,335  pieces. 

The  whole  amount  of  duties  up- 
on sales  at  auction   paid  into  the 


22 


Appendix* 


Treasury  of  the  State  of  New- 
York,  during  (be  prist  year,  was 
ffilS  1,967  65.  Of  this  sum  the  auc- 
tioneers of  the  aty  paid  $179,641 
(39.  One  paid  45,295  32 — another 
upwards  of  30,000 — two  about  20,- 
(500  each— others,  14  9,  7,  6,000, 
6ic.  Tbere  are  thiity-sjx  auction- 
eers in  the  city,  ^he  smallest  a- 
mount  paid  by  any  one  was  69 
cents. 

Tlie  anniveisarj-  of  the  8(h  of 
•.January  was  celebrated  with  much 
spirit  at  New  Orleans ;  the  state 
authorities  (the  legislature  being 
in  session)  walked  in  procession 
from  the  government  house  to  the 
church,  where  divine  service  was 
performed.  The  military  were 
afterwards  reviewed  by  the  Gov- 
ernor, atid  the  day  was  closed  with 
the  greatest  hilarity  and  decorum. 
The  legislature  were  to  choose  a 
Senator  to  Congress  oa  the  13th 
ult. 

Professor  Lindsley,  of  Prince- 
ton, has  been  elected  President  of 
Cumberland  College,  Nashville, 
Ten. 

Massachusetts. —There  are  now 
in  operation  in  this  state  33  bank- 
ing institutions,  (exclusive  of  the 
U.  S.  Branch  at  Boston)  whose 
capitals  amount  to  $11,549,500. 
They  have  bills  in  circulation  to 
the 'amount  of  $3,483,411  ;  and 
had  specie  in  their  vaults  on  the 
first  of  January  amounting  to 
$973,305  66.  The  Legislature  of 
this  state  closed  its  winter  session 
on  the  11th  ult.  after  a  session  of 
six  weeks,  having  passed  89  acts, 
some  having  an  important  bearing 
upon  sonjiety.  Bills  imposing  a  tax 
on  sales  at  auction— -incorporatiag 
manufacturing  companies — alter- 
ing militia  laws — and  restricting 
lotteries —were  passed.  The  lat- 
ter imposes  a  fine  of  not  less  than 
$10,000  on  any  person  who  shall 
sell,  offer  to  sell  or  advertise  any 
lottery  tickets,  or  be  concerned  in 
any  drawing  of  a  lottery,  not  au- 
thorised b^  the  laws  of  the  state. 

The  Boston  Gazette  gives  the 
following  statement  of  the  amount 


of  specie  in  the  vaults  of  the  Bos- 
ton Banks,  for  several  years,  viz  : 
In  1814,  they  had  $4,898,300 

In  1818,  030,000 

In  :8I9,  ^41,000 

In  1820,  978,000 

In  1821,  2,434,000 

la  1822,  937,000 

In  June,  1822,  reduced  to  430,000 

Vermi.nt. — A  vein  of  soft  crys- 
tallized and  semi-transparent  stone 
was  discovered  in  Bennington, 
some  years  since»  and  then  suppo- 
sed to  be  plaster. — The  vein  is  from 
three  to  five  feet  in  width — on  both 
sides  hard  limestone — the  depth 
has  not  yet  been  discoveied,  but  it 
has  been  traced  north  and  south 
about  three  miles.  This  stone  is 
discovered  to  be  altogether  more 
useful  in  fluxing  iron  in  the  fur- 
nace, than  any  other  ingredient 
that  has  ever  been  tried. 

Maine. — The  legislature  of  this 
state  has  passed  a  bill  granting  a 
Lottery  fur  opening  a  canal  in  the 
county  uf  Cumberland.  They  have 
also  passed  a  law  prohibiting  the 
sale  of  tickets  in  any  lottery  not 
authorized  by  the  state,  after  Sept. 
next.  A  bill  has  passed  for  the 
erection  of  a  state  prison  at  Thom- 
aston  ;  the  work  is  to  be  com- 
menced the  ensuing  season,  and 
$30,000Js  appropriated  for  the  pur- 
pose. The  capitals  of  the  Cumber- 
land and  Portland  Banks  are  200,- 
©00  dollars  each,  and  that  of  the 
Halbwell  and  Augusta,  150,000, 
and  those  of  the  other  banks,  100,- 
000  each.  The  last  semi-aunual 
dividend  of  the  Augusta  Bank  was 
5  per  cent. ;  of  the  Cumberland, 
4  1-2;  of  the  Gardiner  and  Port- 
land, 3  1-2;  and  of  most  of  the 
others,  3  per  cent.  Each  bank 
owns  real  estate  of  from  1000  to 
12,000  dollars  value  ;  and  more  or 
less  of  bills  of  other  banks. 


Analogy. — A  little  girl  happen- 
ing to  hear  her  mother  speak  of 
going  into  half  mourning,,  said — 
"Why  are  we  going  into  half 
mourning,  Mama,  are  any  of  our 
relations  half  dead  ?" 


Appendix. 


23 


MONTHLY  REGISTER  OF  DEATHS, 

WITH  CONCISE  BIOdRAPniCAL  NOTICES. 


In  Bethlehem,  Penn,  Jan.  31, 
Rev.  John  Hbckeweldkr,  80.  He 
spent  the  g'laater  part  of  his  life 
amon^  the  Indian  nations,  and  was 
little  known  in  this  country,  until 
the  late  lamented  Dr.  Wistar,  of 
Philadelphia,  who  was  aa  excellent 
judg'e  of  merit,  persuaded  him  to 
communicate  to  the  world  the  im- 
mense fund  of  information  that  he 
possessed  respecting  the  history, 
manners  and  customs  5f  the  abo- 
ri<jines  of  our  land.  Wistar  did 
not  live  to  see  that  work  published, 
which  has  placed  Heckeivelder 
among-  the  most  interesting  writers 
which  this  country  has  produced  ; 
but  by  means  of  its  publication  its 
author  became  more  generally 
known.  His  loss  wi!!  be  *'elt  and 
regretted  by  the  country  at  large, 
whose  liternry  fame  he  greatly  cou- 
tributed  to  extend  -  It  is  said  that 
he  left  some  posthumous  vTorks, 
which  will  be  published  in  due 
time. 

In  Shaftsbury,  Vt.  Hon.  Gideon 
OuN,  a  native  of  Rhode-Island. 
He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  Ver- 
mont, and  was,  for  a  series  of  x'cars 
Representative  in  the  General  As- 
sembly of  that  state,  Speaker  of 
the  same,  Judge  of  tlte  county 
court,  member  of  the  council,  Rep- 
resentative to  Congress,  &c. 

In  Illinois,  Col.  Michael  Jones, 
register  of  one  of  the  Land  Offi- 
ces. For  tlie  last  twenty  years  he 
had  been  in  the  employ  of  the  Gen- 
eral Govsinmcnt  in  diiTerent  sta- 
tions ;  and  in  1819,  was  an  elector 
at   the  Presidential  eloctioo. 

In  Cambridgeport,Feb.5,  Stephen 
Pynchon,  Esq.  54,  representative 
from  the  town  of  Brimfielo,  in  the 
General  Court,  which  was  in  ses- 
sion at  the  time  of  his  deatii.  He 
had  held  many  important  offices  in 
his  native  county  and  discharged 
the  several  duties  they  involved 
with  unusual  fidelity  and  useful- 
ness. 

In  Haitland,  Vt.  Feb.  13,  Col.  EbK\- 
ezer  Bridge,  81.    In  the  death  of 


Col.  Bridge,  another  revolutionaiy  offi- 
cer is  gone.  He  entered  the  service  as 
a  captain,  immediately  after  the  battle 
of  Lexington,  and  continued  in  tlie  ar- 
my during  the  war.  His  talents,  cour- 
age and  perseverance  as  an  officer  were 
highly  appreciated,  and  occasioned  his 
promotion  successively  to  a  major  and 
to  tlic  command  of  a  regiment.  He  had 
resided  in  Hartland  between  30  and  40 
years,  and  few  men  were  more  esteemed 
by  their  accjuaintances  and  friends. 

In  Sandgate,  Vt.  .Tan.  12,  Rev.  Abi- 
sbSi  Colton,  62.  He  received  his  edu- 
cation at  Yale  College,  where  he  gradu- 
ated in  1783.  He  was  ordained  the 
first  minister  of  Stoddard  in  this  state, 
Oct.  16,  1793  ;  and  was  dismissed  Sept. 
9,  1795. 

In  Cheshire,  Conn.  Rev.  Roger  Hitch- 
cock, .56. — In  Georgetown,  S.  C.  Rev. 
Asa  Blair  of  Kent,  Conn.  38. — In  East- 
port,  Rev.  Hosea  Wheeler,  of  the  Bap- 
tist church,  31. 

Longevity. — In  London,  Dec.  15, 
Sir  George  Duckctt,  97.  In  Harring- 
ton, Eng.  Mr.  iVlellor,  106.— In  Burn- 
foot,  Eng.  Mr.  John  Taylor,  103.— In 
Dundee,  Scotland^  Mr.  Thomas  Abbot, 
108.— In  North-Carolina,  William  Spi- 
eer,  112. — In  Franklin  county,  Penn. 
Elizabeth  Camijhell,  104. — In  Somers, 
N.  Y.  Michael  Makeel,  103.— In  Rut- 
land, N.  Y.  Mrs.  Buroy,  110.— In  New- 
York,  a  woman,  a« native  of  St.  Domin- 
go, 106;  Mr.  Edward  Bardin,  90.— In 
Lynn,  Ms.  Mr.  Thomas  Chcever,  90. — 
In  Salem,  Ms.  Mrs.  Lucy  Moneys,  92.-- 
In  Shntesbury,  Ms.  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Ca- 
dy,  95 ;  Mr.  John  Peirce,  92.— At  Pres- 
ton, Mrs.  Standish,  100.— In  Brimfield, 
Ms.  Mr.Jocl  Abbot,  91.— In  Lebanon, 
Mo.  Mr.  Richard  Crowell,  95.— At  Cape 
Elizabeth,  Me.  Mr.  John  Ficket,  95. — 
In  Middleborougb.  Ms.  Mrs.  Hannah 
Briant,  92.— In  Newport,  R.  I.  Mrs. 
Hannah  Webb,  94.— In  Cranston,  R.  L 
Mr.  Joshua  Turner,  99.— In  Pomfret, 
Conn.  Dea.  Caleb  Hay  ward,  91. — In 
Greenbush,  N.  Y.  Mrs.  Tanaka  De 
Freest,  91. — In  Georgetown,  D.  C.  Yar 
row,  a  Moor,  stated  to  be  135 !  In 
Claremont,  N.  H.  widow  Elizabeth  Ty- 
ler. 92.  Her  descendants  were  275.  In 
1822,  there  died  in  the  city  of  Charles- 
ton, S.  C.  4  persons  over  100  years.  In 
Gray,  Me.  Deac.  Micajah  Walker,  94.- 
In  Philadelpliia,  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Gilmore, 
93.— In  Poland,  :\Ir.  Mr.  John  O.  Ryan, 
92. — In  Westminster,  Me.  Mrs.  Tahi- 
tba  Whitncv,  90.— In  Stafibrd,  Conn. 
Mrs.  Marv  Davis,  99.— In  Pembroke, 
N.H.  Mr.  Moses  Foster,  95. 


24 


Appendix. 


DEATHS  IN  1822— AND  PROPORTION  TO  THE  POPULATION. 

Towns.  JVo.     Inhab.  Propor. 

London,  Eng.  18,865  950,000  1-50 
PhilaiK'lphia,  Penn.  3591  108,116  1-30 
New-York,  N.Y.  3231  123,706  1-38 
Warner,  N.H.  41        2246     1-54 

King,ston,  N.H.  17  847     1-49 

Jaffrey,N.H.  ,      14       1339     1-95 

The  number  of  deaths  in  Jaffrey,  a  town  containing  a  population  of  nearly  1400, 
for  three  years,  was  as  follows;  viz.  1820,  8—1821,  10—1822,  14— total  32.  Of 
this  number,  one  was  92  ;  fourteen  were  between  70  and  90;  and  eleven  were  un- 
der 2  years  of  age. 


Towns. 

JVo. 

Inhab.  Propor. 

Bath,  N.H. 

20 

1498     1-74 

Pembroke,  N.H. 

11 

1256  1-114 

Epping,  N.H. 

11 

1158  1-105 

New-Che.ster,  N.H. 

12 

971     1-80 

New-Market,  N.H. 

22 

1083     1-49 

Francestown,  N.H. 

8 

1479  1-184 

THERMOMETRICAL  AND  METEOROLOGICAL  OBSERVATIONS, 

j9<  Ports} 

FOR  JANUARY 

r,  1823. 

/It  Hopkinton,  in  lat.  43°  IV. 

nouth,  in  lat.  43°  4'. 

1 

O 

~j 

'-' 

<X' 

O  r/i 

>- 

« 

V 

> 

y 

T 

Winds  and  Weather. 

s. 

y 

y 

Observations. 

g 

g 

5» 

n 

g 

g 

~T 

To"  14 

30 

SE.  Snow  storm 

~T 

~9 

Ts 

13 

NW.  N.  NE.  snow,  10  inch. 

2 

24  42 

30 

NW.  Fair 

2 

20 

43 

27 

NE.  NW.  Cloudy,  fair 

3 

20  36 

30 

Changeable 

3 

17 

37 

31 

W.  Fair 

4 

22  24 

18  Fair  ;  cloudy 

4 

10 

21 

17 

NW.  W.  Fair,  cloudy 

5 

8 

13 

10  E  to  NW.  Snow  storm  ;  fair 

5 

10 

20 

10 

NE.  NW.  Sn.Fair,  high  vvds. 

6 

2 

15 

*1 

NW.  Fair  and  high  wind 

6 

2 

10 

*] 

NW.  Fair 

7 

*8 

19 

3 

Variable.  Hazy 

7 

*7 

16 

3 

NW.  Fair,  cloudy,  fair 

8 

3 

35 

10 

W.  Hazy 

8 

*4 

30 

17 

N.  Fair 

9 

14  34 

33 

SW.  Fair  ;  snow  eve. 

9 

14 

32  25 

N.  SW.  S.  Cloudy,  snow 

10 

33  35 

SW.  Changeable  and  snow 

10 

16 

43 

19 

S.  SW.  NW.  Cloudy,  snow 

11 

*1 

16 

4 

NW.  Fair  and  high  wind 

11  *3 

3 

3 

NW.  Fair,  high  winds 

12 

8 

27 

U 

Changeable  and  snow 

12 

5 

18 

13 

NW.  SW.  Cloudy,  fair 

13 

0 

12 

3 

NW.  Fair 

13 

3 

10 

2  NW.  Fair 

14 

*7 

14 

*5 

Same 

14 

^3  10 

*8 

NW.  W.  Fair 

15 

3 

27 

16 

Same 

15 

*3 

21 

] 

W.  Cloudy,  Fair 

16 

4 

28 

13 

Same 

16 

*6 

32 

11 

W.  Fair 

17 

8 

30 

18 

Same                    Cloudy  eve. 

17 

■*1 

25 

13 

W.  NW.  Fair 

18 

16 

41 

34 

Same 

18 

8 

33  29 

NW.  Fair,  cloudy 

19 

42 

50 

38 

Rain  and  Hazy 

19 

38 

5038 

S.  SW.  Cloudy 

20 

36137 

34|E.  Rain 

20 

35 

36132 

N.  NE.  Rain 

21 

32 

40 

26 

Cloudy  ;  fair 

21 

32 

44 

30 

NE.  N.  N  W.  Sn.  cloudy,  fair 

22 

22 

39 

3C 

W.  Fair 

22 

25 

39 

28 

NW.  Fair,  cloudy 

23 

31 

38 

17 

Sno^V  ;  fair  eve. 

23 

28 

36 

16 

NW.  Snow  1  in.  cloudy,  fair 

24 

12 

28 

20|NW.  Fair 

24 

13 

26 

24 

NW.  Fair 

25 

19 

36 

29 

Cloudy 

25 

20 

35 

28 

NW.  Cloudy 

26 

30 

37 

33 

E.  Cloudy  ;  rain  eve. 

26 

27 

35 

32 

NW.  Snow,  cloudy,  rain 

27 

34 

39 

33 

E.  Snow  and  rain 

27 

30 

40 

32 

Rain,  sleet,  N. 

28 

32 

44 

30 

E.  Cloudy 

28 

28 

39 

29 

N  W.  Cloudy,  fair,  cloudy 

29 

26  41 

ISJNW.  Fair 

29 

22i32,'17|NW.  Fair,  variable 

30 

16  35 

15  Same 

30  17  32  21|NW.  W.  Fair,  cloudy 

SI 

20  32 

28  SW.  Cloudy  ;  snow. 

31  18  32  14|SW.  Cloudy,  fair. 

[*E 

ek 

w 

zero.] 

*Below  zero.]                              LL. 

State  of  the  Thermometer  in  several  places  during   the   coldest 
zoeather  of  February. 

8°  below  0 
5°    do. 
10°    below 


Feb.  5,  Kcene, 

6,  Albany,  N.  Y. 

"  Boston, 

"  Concord, 

"  Northampton,  Ms. 


5°  below  0  I 

17° 

do. 

5° 

do. 

10° 

do. 

20° 

do. 

Feb.  6,  Portsmouth, 
"  Salem,  Ms. 
"  Baltimore, 

freezing  point  within  doors. 
17,  Haverhill,  210  below  0 


Friday,  the  6th,  was  considered  the  coldest  throughout  the  day.  of  any  day  the 
past  winter. 


PUBLIC  AFFAIRS  IN  MARCH. 


EUROPE. 

That  War  now  exists  between 
France  and  Spain,  the  last  intelli- 
gence from  Europe  renders  next 
to  certain.  The  declarations  of 
Louis  the  I'Jth  in  his  Speech  to  the 
Chamber  of  Depities — that  he  has 
little  hope  of  preserving  peace 
with  Spain— that  he  has  recalled 
his  Minister  from  Pvladrid,  and  that 
100,000  troops  are  ready  to  march 
ag'auist  that  country,  when  vifiwed 
in  connexion  with  the  hostiie  atti- 
tude assumed  by  Spain  '"Jd  by  the 
allies  of  France,  see  to  furnish 
concluoive  evidence  tij"t  an  appeal 
to  arms  was  inevitable.  The  next 
arrival  will  probably  bring  us  some 
iatelligence  respecting  the  opcia- 
tions  of  the  belligerent  forces. 

The  accounts  of  the  operations 
of  the  contending  factions  in  Spain, 
are  as  confused  and  contradictory 
as  ever.  The  "  Army  of  the  faith," 
however,  we  suspect,  was  on  its 
last    legs. 

The  Russian  army  in  Poland  is 
100,000  strong. 

A  meeting  was  held  in  London, 
Dec.  16,  to  raise  donations  for 
the  relief  of  the  distresssd  suffer- 
ers from  the  earthquakes  in  Syria. 
A  letter  from  the  Consul  Gencal 
at  Constantinople,  estimates  the 
number  of  lives  lost  by  those  earth- 
quakes, at  30,000. 

The  accounts  of  the  operations 
of  the  Greeks  and  Turks,  are  but 
few.  The  successes  of  the  for- 
mer, howevc-,  have  continued. 
The  account  of  the  second  destruc- 
tion of  the  Turkish  ships,  by  the 
Greek  fire  ships  is  confirmed.  As 
a  reward  for  those  Turkish  officers 
who  escaped,  the  Graut'  Seignor 
ordered  their  heads  to  be  taken  ofi'. 
—4 


The  reports  by  the  last  arrival,  of 
a  revolution  having  taken  place  in 
the  government  at  Constantinople, 
are  also  amply  confirmed.  Haleb 
Effendi,  the  bloody  enemv  of  the 
Greeks,  was  at  first  banished,  and  ^ 
afterwards  followed  and  beheaded. 
A  battalion  of  troops  has  been  rais- 
ed in  Germany,  who  were  on  their 
way  to  join  the  Greeks.  One 
hundred  and  twenty  Greeks  had 
also  passed  through  Silesia  to  joia 
their  countrymen. 

The  Slave  Trade. — In  conse- 
quence of  a  memoir  presented  to 
the  Congress  of  Verona,  by  the 
philanthropist  Allan,  against  the 
Slave  Trade,  and  his  eloquent  ad- 
I'.resses,  the  great  Powers,  with  the 
single  exception  of  France,  have 
adopted  very  vigorous  measures  on 
the  subject.  Russia,  England, 
Prussia  and  Austria  have  agreed 
that  the  Commerce  in  Slaves  ought 
to  be  assimilated  with  the  crime  of 
Piracy  ;  and  have  therefore  made 
.  it  punishable   with  death. 

India. 
Severe  and  melancholy  losses 
were  sustained  in  India  by  violent 
gales  of  wind,  heavy  rains,  and 
extensive  inundations,  in  Septem- 
ber last.  The  liver  Nerbudd  rose 
30  f^et  above  its  ordinary  level  in 
36  h()urs,and  inundated  a  region  of 
two  hundred  miles  in  extent^des- 
olating  whole  villages,  and  sweep- 
ing to  destruction,  human  beings, 
cattle,  and  the  products  of  the 
earth.  At  Surat,  more  than  a 
thousand  houses  were  destroyed, 
and  ma.ny  lives  of  men  and  animals* 
lost.  In  Bombay,  two  British  ships 
were  wrecked.  By  the  overflow 
-of  the    Taptee    more    than     1500 


26 


appendix. 


dwellings  were  prostrated  at  Bonr- 
hahper,  and  many  more  damaged  ; 
and  the  fort  and  small  town  of 
Annanair,  with  the  garrison  and 
inhabitants,  swept  away.  The 
whole  loss  was  estimated  at  be- 
tween a  million  and  a  million  and 
a  half  of  rupees,  A  subscription 
of  80,000  or  90,000  rupees  had 
been  made  at  Calcutta  for  the  re- 
lief of  the  sufferers  in  Ireland. 


Fire  in  Cantow. 
The  greatest  conflagration  of 
Buildings  probably  that  ever  was 
known  at  one  fire,  took  place  at 
Canton  on  the  night  of  the  Ist  of 
Nov.  when  between  10  and  12,000 
were  destroyed,  including  a  great 
number  of  Manufacturing  Estab- 
lishmenls,  and  nearly  all  the  For- 
eign Factories. — An  immense 
amount  of  Teas  and  Dry  Goods 
were  burned.  The  houses  at  Can- 
ton are  built  of  bamboo. — They 
are  one  story  high,  and  contiguous, 
and  the  lanes  or  streets,  are  only  a 
few  feet  wide.  Such  buildings  ex- 
tend as  far  as  the  sight  can  reach. 

The    Factories   were    two    or 

three  stories  high,  built  of  bricks, 
and  finished  in  the  European  style. 
— It  is  supposed    that   upwards   of 
60,000     persons    were     rendered 
houseless  by    the    calaraity-~and 
as  there  is  not  much  humanity  or 
ability  among   the   Chinese,   it  is 
supposed  they  could  not  find  shel- 
ter or  support  any   where. 
Recent.    Earthquakes. 
A     terrible      earthquake    took 
place  at  Valparaiso,    on    the   18th 
December,  1322.     It  occurred  be- 
tween 10  and  eleven  o'clock,    and 
the  first  shock,  which   was  proba- 
bly of  two  or  three  minutes  dura- 
tion, laid  the  greater  part  of  Val- 
paraiso in   ruins,  and  spread  con- 
sternation and  terror  every  whefie 
about.  Several  other  heavy  shocks 
followed,  but  not  to  be   compared 
with  the  first,  or  to  do  much  inju- 
ry. They  continued  very  frequent 
through  the  night,  and   every   one 
fled  to  the  hills  and  the  shippicg 
for  safety.     Many  lives  were  lost 


by  the    fall  of  buildings,  bat  the 
number  has  not   yet  been  ascer- 
tained ;  and  nearly  300  are  known 
to  have  perished,    and   others    are 
missing;  many  too  were  wounded 
severely,  among  whom  was  the  Su- 
preme Director,  who  was  down   at 
that  time  from  the  city,  and   who 
very  narrowly   escaped  while  the 
governor's  palace    was  trembling 
over  his  head.    This  building  is  so 
entirely  in  ruins  that  it  will  be  re- 
quired to  rebiiild  it  from  the    foun- 
dation.    The  churches   are,  son.e 
of  them  levelled  to  the  ground,  and 
the  others  so   rent   and  shattered 
as  to     ruin    them.     The    custom 
house  buildings    are  injured  very 
much,  and  in  short  there  is   scarce 
a  building  here  which  has   not   re 
ceived  more  or    less  damage.     In- 
deed then   ,  -enot  a  dozen  hoHses 
in  theplact*-..  this  time  that  wouM 
be  considere'a  habitable  with  safe- 
ty   and     comfort.     Several   light 
shocks  have  been  felt   every  day 
and  night  since  the  first,  and  fears 
are    entertained    that    something 
more  terrible  is  to  follow. 

Earthquakes  are  frequent  in  this 
country,  and  there  is  never  a  year 
without  them  ;  bat  they  are  not  of- 
ten very  heavy,  and  it  is  nearly  a 
century  since  they  have  experien- 
ced one  80  dreadful  as  at  this  time. 
Some  of  the  neighboring  towns  and 
villages  are    entirely    ruined,  and 
there  was  the  most   painful  appre- 
hension, respecting  the  fate  of  the 
capital  (Santiago),  but  fortunately 
that  city  has  escaped  with  compar- 
ative trifling  injury.     If  it  had  been 
felt  as  severely  there    as    in    this 
place,  it  must  have    put  a    slop    to 
business  for  a  considerable  time  to 
come.     As  it  is,  there  has  been  a 
total   suspension  for  a  week  past ; 
and  it  had  been     resumed  only  a 
day  or   two  before,  after   waiting 
two   months   for   the  commercial 
Reglamtnto.     On  the  18th  we  had 
been  removing  to  another  building 
and  the  goods,  furniture,  &.c.  were 
jjiled  up  loose   and    promiscuously 
about  the  room   where  we  slept, 
not    having    time    to    slow    them 


Apptndix. 


i,'/ 


away;  we  were  in  bed  before  tbe 
shock  cnine  on,  and  the  lights  were 
all  exling'uished  ;  here  we  were 
on  a  second  floor,  high  from  the 
street,  and  unacquainted  with  the 
stairs  and  passage  out.  I  will  not 
attempt  to  describe  the  horror  of 
the  moments  of  the  earthquake, 
the  noise  was  like  a  long  loud  peal 
of  thimder,  the  floor  of  bricks  un- 
der us  rattled,  the  timbers  over 
our  heads  cracked,  lime  and  dirt 
from  the  mud  walls  almost  suffoca- 
ted us,  while  the  house  rolled  and 
trembled  like  a  ship  in  a  htavy 
short  sea. 

Nearly  the  whole  population  are 
now  scattered  about  the  hills 
ronud  the  port,  is  tents,  and  it  is 
said  that  most  of  the  inhabitants 
of  Santiago  have  left  their  houses 
and  gone  into  the  fields. — The  En- 
glish families  as  also  our  Consul's 
have  all  embarked  on  board  the 
shipping  not  more  for  safety  than 
because  their  dwellings  are  unfit 
to  inhabit. — Letter  from  Chili. 

On  the  1st  Dec.  the  city  of 
Grenada  [Nicaragua]  was  visited 
by  a  tremendous  earthquake, 
which  cracked  the  walls  of  most 
of  the  houses,  threw  down  many 
of  the  marble  crosses  before  the 
churches  and  spread  great  conster- 
nation among  the  inhabitants. 
Two  or  three  shocks  were  felt  ev- 
ery day  for  a  week.  On  the  20th, 
another  severe  shock  was  felt, 
and  the  mountains  in  the  vicinity 
were  split  near  the  top  by  the 
concussion. 

In  the  Island  of  Java,on  the  16th 
Nov.  last,  a  tremendous  Volcano 
poured  forth  stones  and  lava  from 
a  mountain  situated  in  the  Beau- 
jeau  Regencies  about  200  miles 
from  Batavia.  Five  thousand  na- 
tives were  buried  by  the  stones 
and  ashes.  Three  hundred  had 
been  found  most  dreadfully  burnt, 
and  but  faint  hopes  were  entertain- 
ed of  the  recovery  of  most  of  them. 
This  place  was  one  of  the  most 
beautiful  and  highly  cultivated 
sections  of  the  interior  of  this  rich 


island.     Coffee,  and  rice  grew  lux- 
uriantly and  plentifully  there. 

Canada. 
Considerable  agitation  continues 
in  Canada,  on  the  subject  ofihe 
proposed  Union  of  the  two  Provin- 
ces— and  will  exist  till  the  ques- 
tion is  definitively  settled,  and  per- 
haps give  rise  to  parties  that  may 
prevent  perfect  harmony  after- 
wards. Some  writers  represent 
the  question  as  a  contest  between 
the  Roman  Catholics  and  others  ; 
the  former  opposing  the  Union,  as 
calculated  to  destroy  their  influ- 
ence. 

United  States. 

Congress  adjourned  on  Monday 
the  3d  day  of  March.  Much  b«- 
siness  of  a  private  or  local  nature 
has  been  transacted.  The  most 
important  measures  adopted  are 
those  relating  to  the  suppression  of 
piracy  and  the  slave  trade,  for  the 
repairs  of  the  Cumberland  road, 
and  for  carrying  into  effect  the 
national  treaties  and  contracts. 
Little  else  of  national  importance 
has  been  transacted  ;  but  it  is  not 
to  be  inferred  that  the  public  good 
would  have  been  promoted  had 
more  been  done.  Too  much  legis- 
lation is  a  great  evil — more  acting 
and  less  talking  would  be  benefi- 
cial to  the  great  interests  of  the 
country.  It  is  mentioned  iti  the 
National  Intelligencer,  that  not 
one  out  of  two  hundred  and  thirty- 
five  members  of  Congress  has  died 
or  even  been  dangerously  ill  dur- 
ing the  session. 

Public  Buildings  in  IVashing- 
ton. — The  expenditures  on  these 
buildings,  during  the  last  sev^n 
months  of  1822,  amounted  to 
$116,795  72:  of  which  $113,050 
74  was  expended  on  the  centre  of 
the  Capitol,  $2974  73  on  the  Pres- 
ident's house  and  culvert,  and 
$780  24  on  the  Capitol  square. 

Tennessee. — In  this  state  is  on« 
of  the  most  flourishing  mission 
stations  among  the  Indians.  The 
principal  seat  of  the  mission  is  call- 


28 


Appendix, 


ed  Brainerd,  after  the  devoted 
missiooary,  who,  a  century  ago, 
anticipated  the  spirit  which  now 
prevails,  and  Jabored  alone  but 
successfully,  foi'  the  salvation  of 
the  Indians.  Biainerd  is  about  30 
nwles  E.  from  the  N.  W.  corner  of 
Georgia,  two  miles  within  the  liai- 
its  of  Tennessee  on  the  W.  side  of 
Chickamaug-ah  creek,  which  emp- 
ties into  Tennessee  river.  The 
Indian  nations  or  tribes  in  the 
United  States,  it  will  be  recollec- 
ted, are  not  subject  to  our  govern- 
ment, have  no  share  in  its  adminis- 
tration and  do  not  contribute  to  its 
support.  They  have  independent 
governments  of  their  own,  admin- 
istered by  kings  or  chiefs  ;  or  by 
councils,  which  are  assemblies  of 
chiefs.  They  have  lands  reser- 
ved to  them  by  treaties.  These 
tracts  roaj  lie  within  the  nomii^al 
bounds  of  particular  states  of  the 
noion,  but  the  fee  simple  is  in  the 
Indians,  and  cannot  be  taken  from 
them  without  their  consent  in  trea- 
ty with  the  general  government. 
The  Cherokees,  among  whom  this 
station  is  established,  have  a  reser- 
vation, the  greatest  length  of 
which  is  about  25@  miles  and  the 
greatest  breadth  130  miles,  com- 
prising portions  of  four  states,  viz. 
North-Carolina,  Georgia,Alabaroa, 
ami  Tennessee.  The  first  agent  of 
the  Cherokee  mission  was  Rev. 
Cyrus  Kingsbury,  in  1817.  More 
than  a  year  ago  there  were  in  the 
school  at  Brainerd,  57  boys,  and 
30  girls,  besides  15  others,  atsent 
from  various  causes. 

Pennsylvania. — It  is  stated  that 
9528  children,  in  four  years,  have 
partaken  the  benefits  of  the  public 
schools  of  this  state,  formed  on  the 
Lancasterian  model. 

At  Washington,  Pen.  Feb.  21, 
Wm.  Crawford,  an  old  man,  was 
executed  for  the  murder  of  a  son. 
He  contended  that  he  was  no  mur- 
derer— that  he  was  worth  $40,000, 
which  they  wished  to  rob  htm  of — 
that  if  he  was  worth  100,000,  he 
Would    bet  a  guinea  Lis  children 


would  have  robbed  him  of  the 
whole,  and  then  broLglit  Liro  to  an 
ignominious  deaOj — that  he  wished 
to  have  his  execution  over,  and 
not  keep  Tommy  Robertson  wait- 
ing, with  his  waggon  to  carry  his 
body  home,  that  his  neighbors 
might  see  him  once  more.  To  his 
priest  he  said,  "  you  are  no  father 
confessor,mind  your  own  business." 
— To  the  sheriff,  when  fixing  the 
noose,  he  said, "  Sir,  you  are  choak- 
ing  me." 

Mew-Hampshire. — Hon.  Levi 
Woodbury,  one  of  the  justices  of 
the  Superior  Court,  is  elected  Gov- 
ernor of  this  state,  by  probably 
a  greater  majority  than  at  any 
contested  election  for  many  years. 
The  third  of  April  is  to  be  ob- 
ssrved  as  a  Fast  in  this  State. 

Miscellanies. 

The  present  rank  of  the  States 
of  the  Union  as  regards  foreign 
Commerce  is  as  follows — New- 
York,  Massachusetts,  Peonsylva- 
nis,  Maine,  Maryland,  S.  Carolina, 
R.  Island,  Louisiana,  N.  Carolina, 
Connecticut,  Virginia,  Georgia, 
District  of  Cnlumbia,(not  a  State,) 
N.  Hampshire,  Mississippi,  Dela- 
ware, N.  Jersey,  Vermont.  The 
whole  tonnage  of  Am,  Vessels, 
which  entered  the  ports  of  the  U. 
,  States  in  the  year  ending  Sept.  30, 
lS22,wa8  787,961,  cleared  813,748 
—Foreign  tonnage,  entered  100,- 
541,  cleared,  97,490. 

The  following  anecdote,  taken 
from  the  "  Boston  Evening  Post," 
of  March  31st,  176G,  a  thorough 
administration  paper,  shows  how 
great  w^s  the  excitement  among 
the  people  at  that  period,  against 
every  one  who  offered  any  counte- 
nance to  the  odious  stamp  act. 

"We  hear  that  a  person  in  a 
neighbouiing  government,  lately- 
refused  to  pay  a  debt  lor  which  he 
was  attached,  because  the  writ 
was  not  stamped.  The  populace 
immediately,  on  hearing  thereof, 
assembled,  and  having  the  fellow 
before  them,  passed  the  three  fol- 
lowing  votes  and  resolve,  viz. — 


Appendix. 


29 


1.  That  this  man  is  not  a  christian. 

2.  That  he  ought  to  be  of  some  re- 
ligion. Therefore — 3.  Voted,  That 
he  be  a  .Jew.  VVlicrenpoa  Resol- 
ved, that  he  be  circumcised.  This 
resohition  so  terrified  the  poor 
creature,  that  he  bej^gfcd  forgive- 
ness for  his  imprudence,  and  prom- 
ised to  behave  better  for  the  future. 
He  was  then  permitted  to  make  a 
confession  of  his  faith,  upon  wiijch 
his  sentence  was  remitted,  and 
he  discharged. 

In  October,  1822,  the  whole 
number  of  Steam  Boats  in 
Great  Britain,  was  one  hundred 
and  forty-one.  Their  tonnage  a- 
raounted  to  16,1^8  tons  ;  and  the 
power  of  their  Engines  equalled 
that  of  4,727  London  dray  horses. 

There  are  now  between  three 
and  four  hundred  Steam  -Boats  in 
the  United  States.  The  tonnage 
of  those  on  the  waters  of  the  Mis- 
sissippi alone  amounts  to  13,254 
tons. 

Mrs.  Morris,  the  widow  of  Gov- 
ernor Morris,  has  addressed  a  let- 
ter to  the  editor  of  the  Pctertburgh 
Totelligencer,  in  which  she  de- 
clares, "  that  Mr.  Morris  was  not 
the  author  of  the  Newburgh  Let- 
ters," written  in  1783  ;  -'  that  the 
calumny  is  improbable  and  absurd, 
but  that  ia  N.  York,  it  will  never- 
theless have  great  weight ;  a  state, 
in  which  private  vice  is  encourag- 
ed by  the  passions  of  the  public, 
and  where  cowardice  dares  not 
aim  at  any  victims  but  the  helpless 
and  unprotected." 

Wedding    Presents. In     the 

Swedisti  province  of  Dalecarlia,  it 
is  customary  tor  young  females  on 
the  wedding  day,  to  present  each 
of  the  guests  with  a  pair  of  stock- 
ings or  gloves  of  their  own  knit- 
ting. The  custom  is  held  so  sacred 
that  weddings  are  frequently  defer- 
red because  the  requisite  quantity 
of  gloves  is  not  finished.  [If  this 
custom  were  adopted  in  our  coun- 
try, few  modern  fine  ladies  would 
get  married.] 

In  a  village  where  a  farm  was 
a  much  better  thing  than  a  vicar- 


age, the  incumbent  took  uncom- 
mon pains  to  please  his  parishion- 
ers ;  but  this  task  was  like  that  of 
the  man,  the  boy,  and  the  ass. 
After  a  time,  however,  by  accom- 
modating their  differeiit  humors, 
he  succeeded  better ;  though  to 
please  all  was  impossible.  Re- 
turning one  Sunday  from  Church, 
he  was  accosted  by  an  opulent  far- 
mer, who,  though  he  lived  in  a 
profuse  style,  was  not  a  whit 
more  polished  in  his  deportment  or 
understanding  than  his  plough- 
man. "  VVell,Doctor,''said  he,"yow 
be  gwain  on  pratty  well  now  ; 
but  why  duont  ya  gi's  now  and 
tan  a  scrap  o"'  Latin  ?"  "  Why," 
faiJ  the  Vicar,  "  if]  had  thought 
it  had  been  your  wish,  I  should 
have  liad  no  objection  but  for  one 
thing — 1  am  afraid  you  would  not- 
understand  it  "  "  That,"  said  the 
other,  "  is  n'out  to  you  ;  an'  we  do 
pay  for  the  best,  we  o't  to  ha'  the 
best." 

J.  Wilson,  better  known  as 
"walking  Wilson,"commenced  tra- 
ding at  New-Orleans  in  the  spring 
of  loOO  ;  completed  his  forty-eighth 
voyage  during  the  last  summer,  av- 
eraging nearly  two  and  a  half  trips 
per  season  ;  and  during  that  period 
has  travelled  by  land  and  water 
one  hundred  and  twenty-eight 
thousand  miles,  in  the  piosecution 
of  that  trade,  which  will  appear 
from  the  following  exibit  : 
48  trips   to  New-Orleans, 

1600  miles  76,800 

Walked      twenty       trips 
through  the  wilderness  re- 
turning, 8000    each,         16,000 
12  do.  on    horseback  do  9,600 

16     do.     in     steam-boats, 

1600  do.  25,600 


128,000 
Wilson  has  more  than  once  bea- 
ten the  United  States'  mail  whilst 
walking  ;  man  never  could  keep 
side  and  side  with  him  ;  l-as  never 
been  ovcFtaken  by  man  on  foot  or 
horseback  ;  is  about  forty  years  of 
age  ;  possesses  a  constitution  ap- 
parently unimpaired ;   has  amassed 


30 


.appendix. 


a  portion  of  "eardily  goods,"  and 
5s  now  in  the  "•  full  tide  of  success- 
ful experiment,"  makinfr  his  forty- 
ninth  trip.  Wilson  is  a  native  of 
jMason  county,  Ky —  Maysville 
Eagle. 

The  Emperors. — While  the 
Entrperor  of  Austria  was  passing 
through  the  Tyrol,  aa  incident  oc- 
curred which  proves  that  in  one 
respect  at  least,  he  is  capable  of 
achieving  more  than  his  puissant 
brother  of  the  north,  whenever 
they  both  aim  at  the  same  object. 
The  practice  of  firing  at  a  mark  is 
a  national  amusement  among  the 
Tj'rolese,  and  some  military  oifi- 
cers  at  Insdruck  got  up  a  fete  of 
this  description  in  honor  of  their 
sovereign.  A  target  painted  with 
circular  lines  of  black  and  white, 
was  provided  for  the  purpose,  and 
a  great  concourse  of  spectators 
being  assembled,  several  officers 
entered  the  list  as  marksmen. 
Many  of  them  distinguished  them- 
selves as  good  shots,  others  were 
less  successful.  The  Emperor  of 
Russia  was  pleased  with  the  a- 
musement  and  resolved  to  try 
whether  he  had  not  a  keener  eye 
acd  more  steady  hand  than  those 
who  had  already  made  the  essay. 
Never  was  an  attempt  more  luck- 
less—  never  was  chagrin  more  vis- 
ible. His  Imperial  Majesty  fired 
several  shots,  but  without  once 
touching  the  target  ;  and  at  last, 
to  use  a  hom6!y  phrase,  he  gave  it 
np  as  a  bad  job,  evidently  embar- 
rassed at  having  come  off  with  so 
little  eclat.  The  Emperor  Fran- 
cis,tempted  by  the  example  of  his 
august  ally,  next  stood  forth  to 
make  trial.  His  success  was  com- 
plete. His  fust  shot  struck  with- 
in an  inch  of  the  circle-his  second 
within  less  than  half  an  inch — and 
at  the  third  ?hot  he  lodged  his  ball 
in  the  very  centre  of  the  mark. 
William  Tell,  who  deprived  his  im- 
perial ancestor  of  Switzerland, 
could  not  have  done  more. 

Extra-Ordinary  Character.  There 
is  at  present  living,at  a  place  call- 


ed Glenarie,  six  miles  from  Inver- 
ary,  a  person  of  the  name  of  John 
Monro,  at  the  advanced  age  of  95, 
who  makes  a  point  of  walking  dai- 
ly, for  recreation,  the  six  miles  be- 
twixt his  residence  and  Inverary, 
or  the  top  of  Tuhich-liill,  which  is 
very  steep  and  distant  about  2 
miles.  Should  the  rain  pour  in 
torrents,  so  much  the  better,  and 
with  greater  pleasure  does  be  per- 
ambulate the  summit  of  the  hill 
for  hours  in  the  midst  of  the  storm. 
Whether  it  is  natural  to  this  man, 
or  whether  it  is  the  effect  of  habit, 
cannot'  be  said,  but  it  is  well 
known  he  cannot  endure  to  re- 
main any  length  of  time  with  bis 
body  in  a  dry  state.  During  the 
summer,  and  when  the  weather  is 
dry,  he  regularly  pays  a  dailj  visit 
to  the  river  Area,  and  plunges 
himself  headlong  in,  with  his 
clothes  on  ;  and  should  they  get 
perfectly  dry  early  in  the  day,  so 
irksome  and  disagreeable  does  his 
situation  become,  that  like  a  fish 
out  of  water,  he  finds  it  necessary 
to  repeat  the  luxury.  He  Ae-  ; 
lights  in  rainy  weather,  and  when 
the"  skj"  lowers,  and  the  clouds 
threaten,"  and  other  men  seek 
the  "  bieid  or  ingle  side,"  then 
is  the  time  that  this  "  man  oi  hab- 
its" chooses  for  enjoying  his  natu- 
ral element  in  the  highest  perfec- 
tion. He  never  bends  his  way 
homewards  till  he  is  completely 
drenched;  and,  oa  these  occasions, 
that  a  drop  may  not  be  lost,  his 
bonnet  is  carried  in  his  hand,  and 
his  head  left  bare  to  the  pattering 
of  the  wind  and  rain.  He  at  pres- 
ent enjoys  excellent  health  ;  and 
notwithstanding  his  habits,  be  has 
been  wonderfully  fortunate  in  es- 
caping colds,  a  complaint  very 
common  in  this  moist  climate — but 
when  he  is  attacked,  whether  in 
summer  or  winter,  his  mode  of 
cure  is  not  more  singular  than 
specific. — Instead  of  indulging  in 
the  ardent  sweating  potions  so 
highly  extolled  among  the  gossips 
of  his  country,  he  repairs  to  his  fa- 


.Appendix. 


31 


vorite  elcinerit,  llie  pure  streams 
of  the  Area,  and  takes  one  of  Lis 
usual  headloiin^  ^ipSj  with  liis 
clothes  00.  JIc  then  walks  about 
for  a  few  miles  till  they  become 
dry,  wheu  the  plan  pursued  uever 
fails  to  check  the  progress  of  his 
disorder.  la  olhej-  respects  the 
writer  has  never  heard  any  thing- 
singular  regarding  his  manner  of 
habits. 

Junot. — During  the  erection  of 
one  of  the  first  batteries  which 
Napoleon,  on  his  arrival  at  Toulon, 
directed  against  the  English,  he 
asked  whether  there  was  a  Ser- 
jeant or  Corporal  present  who 
could  write  .''  A  man  advanced 
from  the  ranks  and  wrote  to  his 
dictation  on  the epauleinent.  The 
note  was  scarcely  ended,  when  a 


cannon  bull,  tvhich  lind  been  fired 
in  the  direction  of  tlie  battery,  fell 
iioar  the  spot,  and  the  paper  wjs 
immediately  covered  by  the  loose 
earth  throwu  up  by  the  ball. 
'•  Well,"  said  the  writer,  "  1  shall 
have  no  need  of  sahd."  This  remark, 
together  with  the  coolness  with 
which  it  was  made,  fixed  the  alien - 
tion  of  Napoleon,  and  niad«  tho  for- 
tune of  the  Serjeant.  This  man 
was  Jfiiiot,  afterwards  Duke  cf 
Abrantes. 

The  annual  produce  of  grain 
throughout  (jlreat  Britian  is  reck- 
oned at  fifty  millioiip  of  quarters; 
out  of  those,  five  millions  ar,i  paid 
in  tithes  ;  eight  unllions  are  expen- 
ded in  seed  ;  twenty-two  millions 
remain  to  tiie  farmers,  and  fifteen 
millions  for  maiket. 


MONTHLY  REGISTER  OF  DEATHS, 

WITH  CONCISE   BIOGRAPHICAL   NOTICKS. 


At  the  Cherokee  Agency,  Jan.  28, 
Col-  Return  Jonathan  Meigs. 
He  was  one  of  the  distinguished  heroes 
of  the  American  revolution.  Immedi- 
ately after  the  battle  of  Lexington,  he 
marched  a  company  of  light  infantry, 
completely  uniformed  and  equipped, 
which  he  had  previously  enlisted  and 
organized  for  the  environs  of  Boston. 
He  was  soon  appointed  a  Major  by  the 
state  of  Connecticut,  and  marched  with 
Arnold  in  his  tedious  and  suffering  ex- 
pedition to  Canada.  In  the  bold  enter- 
prize  of  storming  Quebeck,  he  com- 
manded a  battalion ;  and,  after  penetra- 
ting within  the  walls  of  tlie  city,  was 
made  prisoner,  together  with  Captains 
Morgan  and  Dearborn,  since  become 
Generals,  and  well  distinguished  in  A- 
merican  history.  There  is  an  interest- 
ing Journal  of  occurrences,  kept  by  Ma- 
jor Meigs,  from  Sept.  9,  1775,  to  Jan.  1, 
177G,  published  in  the  Coll.  of  Mass. 
Hist.  Soc.  Vol.  II,  second  series,  p.  227 — 
247.  In  1776,  Major  Meigs  was  ex- 
changed anil  returned  home  ;  and  the 
next  year  was  appointed  Colonel  by 
general  Washington.  Besides  the 
proof  of  his  courage  and  other  military 
accomplishments  furnished  at  the  storm- 
ing of  Quebeck,  his  expedition  to  Long 
Island,  in  1777,  was  one  of  the  most 
brilliant  and  completely  successful  en- 
terprises, that  was  achieved  during  the 
war.  For  this  achievement.  Congress 
ilirected  a  su-ord  to  be  presented  to  him. 


and  passed  a  resolution  "  cxpressiv-e  of 
the  high  sense  entertained  of  his  merit, 
of  the  prudence,  activity,  and  valor  dis- 
played by  himself  and  his  party  in  this 
expedition."'  He  was  with  general 
Wayne  at  the  taking  of  .Stony  Point, 
in  1779  ;  and  is  mentioned  with  honor 
by  general  Washington  among  those 
officers,  "  who  conducted  themselves 
with  that  coohiess,  bravery,  and  perse- 
verance, that  will  ever  ensure  success." 
After  the  conclusion  of  the  war.  Col. 
Meigs  was  one  of  the  first  settlers  of  the 
wilderness,  which  has  since  become  the 
state  of  Ohio.  He  drew  up  for  the  first 
emigrants  a  concise  system  of  regula- 
tions, which  were  posted  on  a  large  oak 
standing  near  the  confluence  of  Ohio 
and  .Muskingum  rivers,  from  which  the 
bark  was  cut  off  of  sufficient  space  to 
attach  the  sheet,  on  which  the  regula- 
tions were  written.  "  This  veneraliic 
oak  was,  to  the  emigrants,  more  useful, 
and  as  frequently  consulted,  as  the  Ora- 
cles of  ancient  Delphos  by  its  votaries. "" 
In  Charlestown,  S.  C.  Hon.  Wilt.iam 
W.  Van  Ne3S,  for  fifteen  year.s,  one  ol 
the  Judges  of  the  Supreme  Court  oi 
New- York.  He  was  distinguished  foi 
his  strength  of  intellect,  eminent  htem- 
ry  attainments,  uncommon  povt'crs  of 
elocution,  and  for  iiis  private  virtues. 
In  New-Jersey,  Hon.  John  Lambert. 
75,  formcrlj'  a  representative  and  sen- 
ator in  Congress  from  that  Stale.  In 
W;i«hin;itoii    City,    Rev.    Dr.    Andrew 


32 


Appendix, 


Hunter,  75,  a  Chaplain  in  tlie  Navy  of 
the  United  States.  In  Baltimoie,  Feb. 
24,  Samuel  Brazer,  jr.  Esq.  38,  Editor  of 
the  Baltimore  Patriot,  son  of  Samuel 
Brazer  of  Worcester,  and  formerly  Edit- 
or of  Jhe  National  Mgis  in  that  town. 
In  Duxbury,  Ms.  Capt.  Seth  Bradford, 
88,  a  decendant  of  Governor  Bradford. 
In  Francestown,  March  3,  Mr.  James 
Woodbury, 85,  a  descendant  from  John 
Woodbury,  one  of  the  primitive  settlers 
ef  JVaumkeak,  in  1626.  [See  1  Prince 
Ann.  153.]  At  a  very  early  period  of 
his  life,  with  characteristic  bravery,  he 
volunteered  his  services  in  the  cause  of 
his  country  ;  and  in  tlie  year  1759,  after 
having  endured  the  hardsliips  of  a  long 
campaign,  at  the  age  of  21  years,  he 
was  engaged  under  the  command  of 
general  WoiiFE  in  the  battle  on  Abra- 
ham's plains.  After  this  decisive  battle, 
which,  in  effect  extinguished  the  title  of 
the  French  to  any  part  of  the  Canadas, 
Mr.  Woodbury  returned  to  his  friends, 
in  his  native  town,  Beverly,  Ms.  After 
having  made  several  successful  voyages 
at  sea.he  removed  to  Mont- Vernon, then 
a  part  of  Amherst,  and  formed  a  perma- 
nent settlement,  where,  until  within  a 
few  years,  he  resided  and  superintended 
the  concerns  of  his  valuable  farm.  His 
descendants  weie  195,viz.  9  children, 
90  grandchildren.and  96  great-grandchil- 
dren, 172  of  whom  were  living  at  the 
time  of  his  death.  In  Malacca,  India, 
in  May  last.  Rev.  Dr.  Milne,  a  distin- 
guished Missionary,  and  author  of  sev- 
eral learned  works  on  the  literature  of 
China.  In  Tillypally,  in  the  Island  of 
Ceylon,  Aug.  3,  Rev.  James  Richards, 
an  American  Missionary.  At  Chelten- 
ham, Eng.  Jan.  26,  Edward  Jenner, 
L  L.  D.  F.  R.  S.  74,  the  illustrious  dis- 
coverer of  vaccination,  and  distinguish- 
ed for  his  literary  honors,  both  in  this 
country  and  in  Europe.  He  was  an 
Honorary  member  of  the  American 
Academy  of  Arts  and  Sciences  at  Bos- 
ton, and,  in  1803,  received  from  Har- 
vard college  the  honorary  degree  of 
Doctor  of  Laws.  In  May,180S;  he  was  e- 
lected  an  Honorary  member  of  the 
New-Hampshire  Medical  Society,  and. 
in  1812,  a  corresponding  member  of 
the  Historical  Society  of  Massachu- 
setts. In  London,  CHARLE.S  HuTTOjs, 
L  L.  D.  F.  R.  S.,  distinguished  as  a 
matliematician  and  author.  In  Paris, 
the  Abbe  SiCARD,  who  originated  the 
present  mode  of  instructing  the  deaf  and 
dumb. 

Longevity. — In  London,  Mrs.  Sa- 
rah Wesley,  94,  relict  of  Rev.  Charles 
Wesley,  one  of  the  founders  of  Metho- 
di«mr— In  Dublin,  Ireland,  the   Marquis 


of  Drogheda,  94. — In  New-York,  Mrs- 
Margaret  Roach,  90.— In  Bethlehem, 
N.  Y.  Mr.  John  Jackson,  99— descend- 
ants 178. — In  Albemarle  co.  Va.  Capt. 
William  Smith,  96. — In  Waterford,  Me. 
Mr.  Philip  Hor,  90.— In  Hardwick,  Feb. 
19,  Mrs.  Mercy  Paige,  102.— In  Bristol, 
Mrs.  Abigail  Munro,  90. — In  Cambridge- 
port,  Ms.  Widow  Martha  Livermore, 
93. — In  West  Cambridge,  Ms.  March 
11,  Mr.  Jacob  Emmons,  93. — In  Sharon, 
Ms.  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Curtis,  91,  relict  of 
the  late  Rev.  Philip  Curtis,  of  that 
place. — In  Danvers,  Ms.  Widow  Hai»- 
nali  Nourse,  92. 

In  JVew-Hampshire. — In  Groton,  Feb. 
14,  Widow  Sarah  Wheat,  93  yrs.  9  mo. 
—In  Sullivan,  Feb.l6,  Deac.  John  Locke, 
90. — In  Antrim,  Feb.  24,  Hon.  John 
Duncan,  for  many  years  a  Representa- 
tive, and,  in  1797,  a  Senator  in  the  Leg- 
islature of  this  State. — In  Pembroke, 
Feb.  26,  Widow  Hannah  Parker,  97  yrs. 
7  mo.  4  days. — In  Weare,  Mrs.  Lydia 
Bean,  91.— In  New- London,  Mareh  2, 
Widow  Sarah  Messer,  90. 

In  the  town  of  Roehester,  N.  H.  con- 
taining a  population  of  2471,  tliere  are 
now  living  100  persons  over  70  years  of 
age.  Of  25  persons,  who  died  in  1822, 
one  was  97,  four  were  between  80  and 
90 ;  four  between  70  and  80 ;  and  three 
between  60  and  70.  In  the  town  of 
Norwich,  Con.,  there  were  living  in  Jan. 
50  persons  in  their  70th  year,  20  up- 
wards of  80,  and  10  upwards  of  90 — ag- 
gregate of  ages  6000  years.  Pop.  of 
Norwich  in  1820,2983. 

Bill   of  Mortality   for  Amherst, 

JV.  H.,  A.  D.  1822. 

Disease.  Age.         Total. 

Cancer  64,  years.-    1 


Paralysis  74.  83,  88, 

Old  age        83.  85.  72,  87,  97. 
Consumption    60.  24'  24-  33. ; 


Accidental 
Dysentery 
Intemperance 


35.  52.  21-  29- 
13- 
43. 
43. 


Infantile  diseases  5  w.  3-  2'  2' 
Lethargy  45, 

Unknown  60, 63, 

Affection  of  the  heart        48, 
Lung  Fever  2' 

Lingering,  in  consequence 
of  a  fall  in  1815  9- 


30 


N.  B.  Where  a  period  follows  the  age 
it  denotes  the  male  sex  ;  a  comma,  the 
female  ;  when  in  the  usual  place,  at  the 
bottom  of  the  line,  married  ;  at  the  top 
of  the  line,  unmarried.  I.  S, 


^3>52'\^ffi2S 


^ww6 


PUBLIC  AFFAIRS  IN  APRIL. 


Spain. 

tT!/*  As  public  attention  is  very  ^nerally  di- 
rected  towards  Spain,  and  the  unholy  at- 
tempts now  makings  HK:ainst  her,  we  deem 
it  proper  to  presirve  the  following  valuable 
summary  of  the  Portsmouth  Journal. 

1820,  Jan.  1.— The  Revolution 
commeaccs  with  an  insurrectiuD 
among'  (he  troops  near  Cadiz.  It 
WHS  plainod  by  Cols.  Rieg^o  and 
Quiroga.  They  place  themselves  &t 
the  head  of  diflerent  detachments 
ofthe  army,  and  proclaim  the  con- 
stitution of'  1812. 

Feb.  1 — Riei^o  enters  Alg'esiras 
— is  pursued  by  Gen.  O'  Donnel. 
18th,  enters  Malaga  — maintains 
his  ground,  till  he  retreats  to  the 
mountains  of  Ronda ,  where  his 
troops  being  reduced  to  300  men, 
be  disbands  them  on  the  11th 
March. 

The  rumour  of  this  insurrection 
spreads  through  Spain,  and  produ- 
ces similar  insurrections  with  vari- 
ous success,  at  Corunna,  Ferrol, 
Vigo,  Pentevedra  and  Navarre. 

March  3. — Gen.  O'  Donnel  him- 
self revolts  and  proclaims  the  Con- 
stitution. 

9. — Gen.  Freyre  revolts  at  Ca- 
diz. Ferdinand  submits  ;  promis- 
es to  restore  the  constitution,  issues 
a  decree  abolishing  the  Inquisition. 

10. — Publishes  a  decree,  restor- 
ing the  Constitution  of  1812. 

11. — Summonses  the  Cortes  to 
assemble,  under  that  constitution. 

21. — Quiroga  and  Riego  made 
Field  Marshals  ofthe  Army. 

July  9. — The  Cortes  assemble  ; 
declare  the  press  free  ;  dissolve  all 
convents  and  monasteries  except 
eight  ;  appropriate  the  eciesiastic- 
al  revenues  to  the  payment  of  the 
national  debt ;  and  grant   salaries 

—5 


to  the     Clergy    in   lieu    of    their 
Church  lands  :  abolish  entails. 

Nov.  9, -Sitting  of  the  Cortes 
concluded. 

16. — Disturbancps  at  Madrid  ; 
King  compelled  to  leave  the  Escu- 
rial,  and  come  to  the    city. 

21.—  Riego  appointed  Captain- 
General  of  Arragon.  The  Arch- 
bishop of  Valencia,  wbohad  opposed 
the  revolution,  banished.  Gen. 
Morales,  who  had  attempted  a 
counter-revolution,  flies  to  Portu- 
gal. 

Dec. — The  King  issues  a  procla- 
mation to  restrain  the  excesses  of 
the  Revolutionary  Clubs. 

1821,  Jan.  28.— Mathias  Venuesa 
one  of  the  King's  Chaplains,  arres- 
ted for  having  written  proclama- 
tions and  caused  them  to  be  distri- 
buted about  Madrid,  in  which  the 
peop'e  were  told  that  a  foreign  ar- 
my was  on  ilx  march,  to  compel  them 
to  return  to  Iheir  duly,  to  their  God 
and  their  King. 

Feb.  6. — The  King  complaine 
that  be  has  been  insulted  by  the  pop- 
ulace and  demands  the  assistance 
of  the  municipal  authorities  of 
Madrid  to  preserve  order  ;  which  is 
granted. 

25.—  A  Deputation,  at  the  head 
of  which  is  the  Bishop  of  Majorca, 
waits  upon  the  King  and  requests 
him  to  attend,  in  person,  at  the 
opening  ofthe  Cortes. 

March  l,~The  King  meets  the 
Cortes,  and  delivers  a  speech  pro- 
posed by  his  ministers ; — at  the  close 
of  which  he  complains  with  much 
bitterness,  of  the  personal  insults, 
to  which  he  is  exposed  ;  and  as- 
cribes it  to  the  want  of  firmness  in 
the  constituted   authorities.      Thip 


34 


Appendix. 


part  of  the  speech  causes  great  ex- 
citement in  the  Cortes.  In  the 
evening  all  the  Ministers  resign. 

4. — The  Cortes  declare  them- 
selves permanent,  on  the  ground 
that  there  are  no  responsible  Min- 
isters. 

In  their  ansvrer  to  the  Speech, 
the  Cortes  declare  that  they  have 
heard  his  complaints  of  personal 
insults,  with  grief  and  surprize — 
thej  reminded  him,  that  he  is  him- 
self charged  with  the  execution  of 
the  laws,  and  they  promise  him 
their  concurrence  and  support. 

New  Ministers  are  appointed. 

Insurrection  ot  Merino  at  Burgos, 
in  favor  of  the  King. 

April  3. — The  junta  at  Barcelo- 
na banish  a  Isrge  number  of  respec- 
table persons  to  Majorca  ;  on  sus- 
picion of  their  favoring  the  Austri- 
ans,  who  were  then  at  Naples. 

May  3. — Vinuesa  tried  at  Mad- 
rid, and  condemned  to  10  years 
hard  labor  at  the  Galleys. 

3. — The  mob  break  into  the  pri- 
son,  in  the  middle  of  the  afternoon 
and  murder  Vinuesa. 

Morrillo  appointed  Captain  Gen- 
eral of  Castile. 

Gen.  Elio  tried  for  treason  in 
assisting  to  overturn  the  constitu- 
tioB  in  1814 — sentenced  to  be  stran- 
gled ;  [but  the  sentence  was  not 
then  executed.] 

June  19. — M.  Zea,  agent  for  the 
republic  of  Colombia,  arrives  at 
Madrid,  and  is  received  with  re- 
spect. 

3U. — Ends  the  second  session  of 
the  Cortes. 

July. — Much  disorder,  and  many 
assassinations  at  Madrid  ;  doubts 
entertained  of  the  king's  sinceri- 
ty. 

Aug.20.-A  mob,  in  front  of  one  of 
the  prisons,prevented  from  assassin- 
ating the  prisoners  by  the  firmness 
of  Gen  Monlio. 

21. — 10,000  men  assemble  near 
the  Cluo  de  la  Funtana,  and  are 
clamorous  for  the  head  of  Morillo. 
Morillo  tenders  his  resignation  to 
the  King,  but  it  is  not  accepted. 
The  Biinister  of  War  resigns. 


Sept. — Morillo  tried  by  a  council 
of  war  and  honorably  acquited. 

Sept.  1. — Riego  superseded  in 
his  command  ;  which  causes  great 
tumults  at  Madrid.  They  ire  quel- 
led by  Gen.  Morillo  and  San  Mar- 
tin, at  the  head  of   the  municipali. 

28. — The  Cortes  meet  on   an  exi 
traordinary       session.       Pftitior 
from  many  provinces  for  a  remova 
of  the  ministry —  some  of  them 
companied   with  threats  of  rebel- 
lion. 

[  During  the  greater  pait  of  this 
and  the  following  month,  the  yel- 
low fever  raged  in  all  the  eastern 
and  southern  provinces  of  Spain.] 
Oct.  18. — The  inhabitants  of  Ca- 
diz refuse  to  submit  to  the  Marquis 
de  la  Reunion,  a  Governor  appoin- 
ted by  the  King  ;  and  the  inhabit- 
ants of  Seville  send  back  General 
Moreno,  their  Governor. 
Nov.  25. — The  King  makes  a  com- 
munication to  the  CorteSjComplaia- 
ing  of  these  events. 

Dec.  9. — The  Cortes  adopt  an  an- 
swer ( 130  to  48)  in  which  they  cen- 
sure the  proceedings  both  at  Ca- 
diz and  Seville,  as  unjustifiable — 
but  they  consider  the  offence  of  the 
inhabitants  of  Cadiz  as  palliated  by 
many  circumstances  which  they 
enumerate  ;  and  they  decline  to  in- 
flict an^  punishment. 

18. — The  Cortes  piesent  an  ad- 
dress to  the  Kiag,  requesting  a 
change  in  the  Ministry. 

1822,  Feb.  12.— The  Cortes  an- 
nul the  Cordova  convention  be- 
tween Gen.  O'Donoju  and  the  Mex- 
ican leader  Iturbide;  and  declare 
that  they  will  consider  an  acknowl- 
edgment of  the  irdepeudence  of 
any  of  the  American  Provinces  by 
any  nation,  as  a  violation  of  exist- 
ing treaties. 

14. — The  King  closes  the  extra- 
ordinar)'  session  of  the  Cortes,  with 
a  speech  in  which  he  declares  him- 
self perfectly  satisfied  with  their 
proceedings. 

March  1. — The  new  Cortes  cho- 
sen lor  1822  and  1823  meet.  Gen. 
Rieg«  is  chosen  President. 


Appendix. 


35 


A  new  ministry  appointed  by  the 
Kin-r. 

May  20. — An  alliance  concluded 
between  Spam  and  Portugal. 

28. — The  Cortes  address  a  mes- 
sage  to  the  King^,  in  which  they 
complain  in  direct  terms,  of  the 
•pirit  of  his  gove'-nment. — They 
■ay  that  the  administration  of  the 
provinces  has  been  confided  to 
worthless  men,  who  are  disliked  by 
the  people,  and  who  sanction  the 
impunity  of  criminals; — and  that 
the  clergy  abuse  the  functions  of 
their  ofiice,  to  sow  superstition  and 
disobedience. 

June  26  — The  Cortes  adopt  meas- 
ures for  conciliating  the  American 
Provinces. 

30. — Close  of  the  session  of  the 
Cortes. 

July  2. — The  Constitutional  Min- 
istiy  finding  that  no  dependance 
could  be  placed  upon  the  King's 
Guards,  call  out  the  National  Mj- 
litij  ;  upon  which  the  Guards  im- 
mediately revolt ;  and  2000  of  them 
take  possession  of  the  Paido,  and 
demand  rations  of  the  Alcade.  They 
are  encouraged  by  the  party  of  Ser- 
Tiles. 

3. — Ineffectual  negociations  with 
the  revolted  Guards. 

7.— The  Guards  attempt  to  seize 
the  city.  They  are  met  by  the  mi- 
litia and  some  of  the  inhabitants  of 
M.id'id  under  Riego,  Morillo  and 
others,  and  a  battle  ensues,  in  which 
the  Gu?rds  are  defeated  with  the 
loss  of  400  men.  The  Dukedel  In- 
fantado  finds  it  necessary  to  con- 
ceal himself,  and  is  afterwards  ban- 
ished, as  well  as  the  Archbishop  of 
Saragossa. 

10. —  A  meeting  of  Foieign  Min- 
isters is  held  at  Madrid  to  sign  a 
declaration  relative  to  the  events 
in  the  capital.  Mr.  Forsyth  refu- 
ses to  bign  it,  alleging  it  to  be  en- 
tirely untrue,  and  asserting  that 
the  real  enemies  of  Ferdinand,  are 
the  Serviles  and  ultra-royalists. 

17. — Tranquillity  re-established  ; 
and  the  National  Militia  disroiased 
from  their  encampment. 


Aug.  7. — A  change  in  the  minis- 
try favorable  to  the  Liberales. 

28. — The  King  signs  a  decree  for 
a  convocation  of  the  Extraordinary 
Cortes,  on  the  7th  Oct.— much 
against  his  will. 

The  Defender*  of  the  Faith,  guil- 
ty of  great  excesses  in  the  provin- 
ces. 

Oct.  7. — The  session  of  the  Ex- 
traordinary Cartes  commences. 

Nov. — Disturbances  in  the  north 
o^  Spain,  and  frequent  skirmishes. 
The  royalists  are  generally  victori- 
ous. 

Gen.  Mina  obtains  advantages 
over  the  Royalists  in  Catalonia. 

Dec.  25. — The  ultimatum  of  the 
French  Government  presented  ;— 
in  substance,  that  the  King  shall 
be  restored  to  his  sovereign  rights 
—that  the  Nobles  shall  be  reinsta- 
ted in  their  privileges"-and  securi- 
ty given  against  future  insurrec- 
tions. 

1823,  Jan.  12.— The  Cortes  de- 
liberate  upon  the  note  received 
from  the  Allied  Powers,  and  vote 
to  prepare  for  war.  Arguelles,  one 
of  the  Deputies  of  the  moderate 
party,  having  made  a  speech  in  fa- 
vor of  war,  is  carried  through  the 
streets  in  triumph. 

30. — The  French  Ambassador 
leaves  Madrid  ;  and  his  arms  are 
removed  from  the  front  of  his  ho- 
tel. 

Feb.  15. — Voted  in  the  Cortes 
that  the  King  should  repair  to  Co- 
rnnna. 

19. — The  extraordinary  session 
of  the  Cortes  closes  with  a  speech 
from  the  King.  He  assures  them 
of  his  firm  and  constant  union  with 
them,  and  of  his  determination  to 
oppose  "  the  anti-social  principles^' 
of  the  King  of  France. 

The  Ministers  wait  on  the  King, 
and  urge  him  to  remove  from  the 
city.  He  refuses,  and  they  all  re- 
sign. 

At  a  quarter  past  10  at  night, 
compelled  by  the  populace  who  bad 
collected   in   vast   numbers  ronad 


36 


Appendix. 


the  palace,  he  restores  the  Minis- 
ters to  their  offices. 
Africa. 
The  American  colonists  on  the 
W.  coast  of  Africa,  were  attacked 
by  the  natives  on  the  11th  Nov.  and 
2nd  Dec.  last,  to  the  number  of 
l&OO.  Thsee  persons  were  killed 
and  four  wounded.  Assistance  was 
ultimately  afforded  by  an  English 
vessel,  and  it  is  said  a  peace  was 
negociated 

Havanna. 
The  contemplated  cession  of  this 
island  to  Great  Britain  is  said  to  be 
viewed  with  discontent  by  the  peo- 
ple of  Havanna.  They  are  resol- 
ved to  adhere  to  the  New  Constitu- 
tion, and  to  resist  the  efforts  of 
England  to  gain  possession.  Busi- 
ness was  at  last  dates  duU-the  isl- 
and wi'hout  much  government. 
The  pirates  continue  their  depreda- 
Ijons — and  countenance  is  ofenly 
afforded  them.  We  trust  the  intre- 
ped  Porter  will  ere  looff  have  bro- 
ken up  this  infamous  horde  of  out- 
laws. 

France. 
France  has,  by  her  revolution, 
cfifected  an  annual  saving  to  the  na- 
tion of  more  than  thirty  millions  of 
dollars  in  her  church  establish- 
ment, while  the  clergy  are  far 
more  equally  apportioned  to  those 
whom  they  are  to  serve,  and  the 
lower  order  of  ministers  receives  a 
more  aTiple  compensation  than 
they  did  under  the  old  establish- 
ment. Before  the  French  revelu- 
tion,  the  number  of  the  secular 
clergy,  monks,  nuns  and  inferior 
ministers,  was  460,078,  or  aboat 
one  to  every  52  persons  in  the  king- 
dom. The  revenue  of  the  clergy 
was  about  33  millions  of  dollars  per 
annum. 

The  present  number  of  clergy- 
men in  France  is  38,643,  and  their 
income  $4,657,000. -They  are  paid 
out  of  the  national  treasury,  the 
same  as  the  armv  or  navy.  Tithes 
are  abolished  :  '357  of  the  clergy 
are  protestants  who  do  not  belong 
to  the  state  church,  but  they  are 


paid  in  the   same  manner  as  the 
catholics. 

United  States. 
Jilassachusetts. — Hon.  Wii>liam 
EusTis,  a  republican,  has  been 
elected  Governor  of  this  state,  to 
succeed  the  venerable  and  patriot- 
ic  Gov.  Brooks.  Hon.  Josiah  Quin- 
cy  is  elected  Mayor  of  Boston. 
Hon.  Judge  Jackson  has  resigned 
his  seat  in  the  Supreme  Court,  in 
consequence  of  ill-health. 

Connecti(Mi. — Gov.  Wolcott  has 
been  re-elected  to  the  chief  magis* 
tracy  of  this  state. 

Pennsylvania. — The  proposed 
canal  to  unite  the  waters  of  the 
Delaware  and  Chesapeske,  appears 
to  have  excited,  at  length,  a  degree 
of  interest  and  spirit,  that  gives 
flattering  promise  of  success.  Four 
citizens  of  Philadelphia  have  sub- 
scribed $22,000  towards  the  under- 
taking. 

Jfew-York.— The  grand  jury  of 
Franklin  county,  have  indicted  two 
or  three  judges  "  for  not  attending 
court,  so  as  to  enable  it  to  proceed 
to  bwsiness."  The  same  persens 
had  previously  been  indicted  and 
fined  for  the  same  offence. 

Miscellanies. 

Lotteries.— The  Managers  of  the  Na- 
tional Lottery,  it  is  pretty  well  ascertain- 
ed, do  not  at  present  pay  the  prizes  in 
the  last  class.  On  this  subject  we  find 
the  following  sensible  remarks  in  the 
Portsmouth  Journal. 

"Without  con8idering,at  present, 
the  moral  influence  of  lotteries,  it 
may  be  worth  while  to  estimate 
their  effects  as  a  branch  of  political 
economy.  The  design  of  Lotte- 
ries is  to  raise  money— generally 
for  some  object  of  public  utility. 
They  are  therefore  strictly  taxes  ; 
and  like  all  othertaxes  should  be  as- 
sessed equally,  and  collected  at  the 
smallest  possible  expense.  But  so 
far  from  this  being  the  fact,  they 
are  a  tax  assessed  chiefly  upon  the 
Poor,  and  collected  at  a  greater 
expense  than  any  other  tax  that 
ever  was  laid.  The  principal  pur- 
chasers of  lottery  tickets  are  ap- 


Appendix. 


37 


prentices  aud  female  domestics, 
whom  youth  and  inexperience  ren- 
der sangfuiae  ;  men  of  embarrass- 
ed fortune  become  desperate  by 
disappointments  ;  and  unlettered 
persons,  who  are  too  ignorant  to 
calculate  the  chances  of  success. 
These  are  the  persons  who  pay  ihe 
tax ;  and  how  niHcb  they  pay  is 
rarely  considered.  The  purchas- 
ers of  lottery  tickets  not  only  pay 
the  sum  intended  to  be  raised  hy 
the  lottery,  but  they  pay  the 
amount  of  the  prizes  and  all  the 
expenses  of  the  business.  In  this 
very  '>  National  Lottery,"  30,000 
tickets  at  $10  each  were  to  prrt- 
duce  $300,000,  and  the  whole  of 
this  sum  was  to  be  paid  out  in  pri- 
zes, deducting'  15  per  cent.  In 
other  words  a  tax  of  |300,000  was 
assessed,  in  orJer  to  raise  $45,- 
000.  But  the  necessary  expenses 
of  a  lottery  are  rarely  less  than  20 
per  cent,  of  the  sum  intended  to 
be  raised.  So  that  a  deduction  of 
$9000  must  be  made  from  the  45,- 
000,  leivingf  $36,000  as  the  neat 
proceeds  of  a  tax  of  $300,000. 

"  It  is  no  compensation  for  these 
evils  that  85  per  cent,  of  the  pro- 
ceeds of  the  tickets  are  ppid  out  in 
prizes.  This  money  is  distributed 
by  chance  ; — and  chance  is  the 
greatest  foe  to  regular  industry. 
If  a  thousand  dollars  were  wanted 
ia  town  for  the  paving  of  a  street, 
should  we  be  willing  that  the  poor- 
er inhabitants  should  be  taxed  $67,- 
000  for  that  object  ;  even  though 
$66,000  were  the  next  day  distribu- 
ted to  every  man  who  happened  to 
have  light  hair  or  blue  eyes.  Yet 
such  is  the  operation  of  a  lottery. 
It  takes  money  from  those  who 
canaot  affard  to  part  with  it :  and 
distributes  it  capriciously,  without 
regard  to  merit  or  want. 

"A  rich  man,  or  one  who  is  thri- 
ving in  business,  has  no  temptation 
fo  adventure  in  a  lottery.  He  can 
make  his  gains  at  less  hazard.  A 
prudent  man  is  able  to  calculate 
the  risk,  and  sees  the  desperate  na- 
lure  of  the  game.  But  the  igno- 
rant girl,  the  bankrupt,  or  the   la- 


borer is  willmg  to  risk  any  thing 
for  the  remote  chance  of  gaining 
more. — These  all  purchase  lotterv 
tickets  ;  and  it  is  from  their  money 
that  lottery  prizes  are  paid — if 
paid  at  all.  If  a  man  who  has 
drawn  the  highest  prize  in  a  lotte- 
ry, could  trace  back  his  dollars  to 
the  original  puichasers  of  tickets  ; 
if  he  could  summon  together  the 
four  or  five  thousand  disappointed 
sufFering  wretches,  who  have  each 
contributed  to  his  treasure,  and 
could  witness  the  effec's  which  the 
loss  often  or  twelve  dollars  has 
produced  in  their  families,  he  would 
have  a  hard  heart  to  retain  a  cent 
of  his  money.  It  would  burn  like 
fire  at  the   touch. 

"  But  lotteries  are  authorized  by 
law,  it  is  said,  and  are  therefore 
honest  and  useful. — Then  why  not 
permit  every  man  to  prosecute  this 
honest  trade,  and  make  his  fortune 
by  a  lottery  ?  Why  guard  it  with 
so  many  restrictions,  and  confine 
it  to  objects  of  public  utility.  The 
truth  is,  our  law-makers  have  fre- 
quently attempted  to  make  a  com- 
promise with  conscience ;  and 
while  they  have  readily  admitted 
the  impolicy  of  the  means,  have 
thought  the  objections  removed  by 
the  utility  of  the  end.  If  lotteries 
are  useful,  let  every  man  have  a 
lottery  who  wishes  to  build  a  bouse 
or  buy  a  farm.  If  they  are  honest, 
lei  the  tickets  be  sold,  like  any 
other  merchandize,  quietly  and 
regularly — without  the  picture  of 
Fortune  showering  dollars  into  eve- 
ry man's  hat,  or  a  horn  of  plenty 
overflowing  with  gold.  These  are 
stratagems  to  gull  the  simple  ;  de- 
vised at  first,  by  those  who  under- 
stood the  object,  and  followed  since 
through  custom,  even  by  honest 
men.  We  do  not  censure  the 
mere  sale  of  lottery  tickets.  If 
they  can  be  honestly  bought  they 
can  be  honestly  sold. — But  in  con- 
sidering their  effects  upon  society, 
the  circumstances  under  which  they 
areusually  sold  should  be  taken  into 
the  account.  While  the  laws  pro- 
hibit palmistrj  and  juggling,  (hey 


38 


.Appendix. 


permit  an  appeal  to  superstition 
and  credulity  by  advertisements  of 
lucky  offices  and  lucky  numbers  ; 
aod  full-grown  men  inquire  after 
particular  tickets  because  they 
have  dreamed  about  thtm  ;  and 
the  public  are  gravely  told  that 
the  dream  caine  true,  and  the 
highest  pi  ize  dropped  into  the  dieam- 
er's  hand  as  a  matter  of  course. 
Such  are  the  natural  effects  of  lot- 
teries upon  character ;  and  surely 
if  we  have  any  regard  for  plain 
sense  and  manly  seBtiment,  we 
must  lejoice  at  any  event  which 
may  break  the  charm,  and  enlighten 
the  public  respecting  the  true  na- 
ture and  tendency  of  lotteries." 

The  first  English  lottery  was 
drawn  A.  D.  1569.  It  consisted  of 
forty  thousand  lots,  at  ten  shillings 
each  lot. — The  prizes  were  plate, 
and  the  profits  were  to  go  towards 
repairing  the  havens  of  the  king- 
dom. It  was  drawn  (as  Maitland 
from  Stow  informs  us,  vol.  I.  p.  257) 
at  the  west  door  of  St.  Paul's  Cathe- 
dral. The  drawinp-  began  on  the 
11th  of  January,  1569,  and  contin- 
ued incessantly,  day  and  night,  un- 
til the  6th  of  May  following.  At 
this  time  there  were  only  three  lot- 
tery offices  in  London.  The  propo- 
sals of  this  lottery  were  published 
in  the  years  1567  and  1568.  It  was 
at  first  intended  to  have  been  drawn 
at  the  house  of  Mr.  Dericke,  her 
majesty's  servant,  (i.e.  her  jewel- 
ler,) but  was  afterwards  drawn  as 
above  mentioned. 

Dr.  Rawlinson  showed  the  Soci- 
ety of  Antiquaries,  in  1748,  a  copy 
of  the  preceding  lottery  scheme, 
and  it  is  thus  entitled — "  A  proposal 
for  a  very  rich  lottery,  general 
without  any  blankes  ;  containing  a 
great  number  of  good  prizes,  as  well 
of  ready  money  as  of  plate  and  cer- 
tain sorts  of  merchandizes,  having 
been  valued  and  prized  by  the  com- 
mandment of  the  queene's  most  ex- 
cellent majestye's  order,  to  the  in- 
tent that  such  commodities  as  may 
chance  to  arise  thereof,  after  the 
charges  borne,  may  be  converted 
towards  the  reparation  of  the  ha- 


vens, and  strength  of  the  reaUne, 
and  towards  such  other  further 
good  works.  The  number  of  lots 
shall  be  forty  thousand,  and  no 
more  ;  and  every  lott  shall  be  the 
sunmie  of  tenne  shillings  sterling 
only  and  no  more.  To  be  filled  by 
the  feast  of  St.  Bartholomew.  The 
shew  of  piizes  are  to  be  seen  in 
Cheapside,  at  the  sign  of  the 
queene's  Arines  at  the  house  of  Mr 
Dericke,  goldsmith,  servant  to  the 
queene.  Printed  by  Henry  Bynne- 
man.  156.7." 

In  1612,  King  James,  for  the  spe- 
cial encouragement  of  the  planta- 
tion of  English  colonics  in  Virginia 
granted  a  lottery  to  be  held  at  the 
west  end  of  St.  Paul's.  One  Thom- 
as Sharplys,  a  tailor  of  London,  had 
the  chief  prize,  amounting  to  four 
thousand  crowns  in  "  faire  plate." 

In  the  reign  of  queen  Anne,  it 
was  thought  necessary  to  suppress 
lotteries  as  nuisances  to  the  public. 

Riches  and  Benevolence. — The 
London  papers  mention  a  man  liv- 
ing at  Gibraltar,  named  Aaron 
Cordoza,  who  outrivals  the  munif- 
icence of  Bagdad  Sultans,  and  re- 
alizes the  fictions  of  Arabian  story. 
With  a  princely  forune,  he  possess- 
es the  means,  and  with  a  generous 
8oul,the  spirit  to  exercise  an  unex- 
ampled benevolence.  Gibraltar, 
the  place  of  his  birth,  testifies  to 
the  various  large  pecuniary  dona- 
tions made  to  distressed  objects  of 
all  descriptions.  Such  have  been 
his  deeds  of  benevolence,  to  both 
English  and  Spar>iards,  in  moments 
of  extreme  exigency,  to  the  army 
and  navy,  that  the  public  thanks 
of  the  whole  garrison,drawn  out  on 
parade,  and  of  the  marine  comman- 
ders, have  been  rendered  him  in 
the  most  solemn  manner,  for  his 
protection,  and  supporting  the  gov- 
ernment. And  during  the  recent 
troubles,  the  Spanish  government 
have  decreed  him  public  thankb, 
and  recorded  in  their  archives 
the  obligation  which  the  kingdom 
owes  him,  for  fais  extraordinary 
liberality  to  the  Spanish  refugees. 
He  is  of  noble  extraction  ;  his  an- 


Appendix. 


3» 


nestors  (secret  Israelites)  quitted 
Spain  to  avoid  persecution,  and 
with  a  vas*  property  settled  in 
Gibraltar,  wliere  lie  has  construc- 
ted the  most  elegant  mansion  on 
the  rock.  His  hospitality  and  mu- 
nificence have  obtained  the  appel- 
lation of  'King  of  the  Jews  :'  no 
being-,  plebeian  or  royal,  scarcely 
ever  excelled  him  in  benevolence 
and  generosity. 

The  fashion  of  wearing  chapeau- 
de-bras  to  parties,  as  is  the  custom 
in  Europe,  we  are  told  grew  out 
of  the  genteel  practice  of  stealing 
hats.  And  it  frequently  happens 
that  a  dozen  gentlemen  will  make 
their  entree  with  only  one  of  these 
beaver  ornaments.  The  first,  after 
clapping  it  under  his  arm,  and  ma- 
king his  bow,  sends  it  out  by  the 
servant  to  those  waiting  at 
the  door,  and  so  they  take  it  in 
succession. 

A  steam  vessel  is  about  to  be  es- 
tablished, to  ply  regularly  between 
Portsmouth,  in  England,  and  Bil- 
boa,  in  bpain,  by  means  of  which, 
excepting  the  winter  season,  a  reg- 
ular weekly  communication  may 
bo  kept  up  between  Madrid  and 
London,  and  the  traveller  pass 
from  one  country  to  another  in 
the  short  space  of  four  days.  The 
distance  by  sea  is  stated  to  be  no 
greater  than  between  London  and 
Edinburg,  and  with  very  little  de- 
parture from  the    direct  line,  the 


the  packet  may  touch  at  Guernsey 
and  Brest. 

"  AMERICAN  IJTERATURE," 

Says  one  of  the  English  Maga- 
zines, "  has  not  hitherto  enjoyed 
the  advantages  of  what  in  London 
is  known  by  the  name  of  Jilaga- 
zinc  day  ;  on  the  last  day  of  every 
month,  when  all  the  Magazines, 
Reviews  and  Journals  appear ; 
and  when,  in  consequence,  a  spe- 
cies of  book  fair  is  created  in  the 
vicinity  of  Paternoster  Row. 
The  (ourscore  periodical  works 
published  on  that  day  catise  re- 
turns within  a  few  hours,  in  ready 
money,  of  little  short  of  three  thou- 
sand pounds.  In  America,  on  the 
contrary,  the  proprietors  of  peri- 
odical works  labor  under  the  dis- 
advantage of  being  their  own  dis. 
tributors,  and  instead  of  being 
paid  m  ready  money,  in  large 
sums,  by  wholesale  booksellers, 
they  depend  on  precarious  returns 
from  individual  subscribers  scat- 
tered over  the  wide  spread  regions 
of  the  U.  States.  Thus  we  see, 
in  these  Journals,  incessant  com- 
plaints of  the  caprice  and  negli- 
gence of  subscribers  ;  and  thus  it 
is,  that,  however  great  the  merit 
of  some  American  literary  Jour- 
nals, tliR  proprittors  are  inadequate- 
ly remunerated  and  of  ten  ovenvhcl- 
med  by  the  multittidt  of  small  debts 
due frovi  negligent  patrons.'^ 


MONTHLY  REGISTER  OF  DEATHS. 

WITH   CONCISE    BIOGRAPHICAI,   WOTICES. 


In  Washington  City,  March  18,  Hon. 
Brockholst  Livingston,  one  of  the 
Associate  Justices  of  the  Supreme  Court 
of  the  United  States,  in  his  <i6ih  year. 
He  belonged  to  the  state  of  New- York. 
He  was  a  learned  and  independent  judge, 
a  finished  gentleman,  and  a  truly  benev- 
olent man.  lu  Brookline,  Ms.  April  16, 
William  Aspinwall,  M.  D.  8U  •,  one 
of  the  oldest  physicians  in  tliat  state. 
He  graduated  at  Harvard  college  in 
1764,  and  on  the  death  of  Dr.  Zabdiel 
Boylston,  continued  tlie  practice  of  in- 
oculation for  the  Small  Pox,  which  that 
eminent  and  distinguished  physician  first 
ntroduced  into  this   country.      Perliaps 


no  practitioner  in  the  U.  S.  ever  inocu- 
lated so  many  persons,  or  acquired  such 
skill  and  celebrity  in  treating  this  ma- 
lignant disease  as  Dr.  Aspinwall.  Be- 
sides his  ))ractice  in  this  disorder,  when 
it  generally  spread,  he  was  allowed,  af 
ter  the  year  1788,  to  keep  a  hospital 
open  at  all  times,  to  wiiich  great  num- 
bers rejjaired,  and  from  which  they  re- 
turned with  warm  expressions  of  satis- 
faction. He  continued  in  the  success- 
ful treatment  of  this  disease,  till  the 
general  introduction  of  vaccine  inocu 
lation.  In  Boston,  April  IR.  Hon. 
George  Cabot,  72.  He  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  State  convention  which  adop- 


40 


Appendix 


ted  the  Federal  Constitution  of  the  U.  S., 
and  was  subsequently  a  senator  in  Con- 
gress from  Massachusetts.  He  was  es- 
teemed as  a  statesman,  and  was  a  pro- 
fessor of  the  Christian  religion.  In  Ex- 
eter, April  2,  Joseph  Pearson,  Esq. 
aged  85  years  and  6  months.  He  grad- 
uated at  Harvard  college  in  1758,  and 
was  many  years  Secretary  of  the  state 
of  New-Hampshire.  In  Warner,  Feb. 
23,  Widow  Hannah  Kimball,  relict  of 
Mr.  Daniel  K.  aged  83.  She  moved  in- 
to that  town  in  1763,  and  was  the 
first  English  female  that  ever  slept  in  it, 
and  the  mother  of  the  first  English  child 
born  in  that  town.  In  Conway,  Mr.  Hen- 
ry Sherburne,  84,  formerly  of  Portsmouth 
— he  was  a  patriot  of  the  revolution.  In 
Portsmouth,  Col.  William  Simpson  of 
Orford,  aged  81.  In  Hanover,  March 
23,  Deacon  Benoni  Dewey,  72,  one  of 
the  first  settlers  of  that  town.  In  Hol- 
derness,  Mrs.  Mary  Prescott,  wife  of  Lt. 
John  Prescott,  aged  76.  She  was  a  na- 
tive of  Chester,  and  the  first  female  set- 
tler of  Sandwich. 


LoNGEViTT.  In  Massachusetis.  In 
Spencer,  Mrs.  Mary  Washburn,  90  — 
In  Hamden,  Widow  Sarah  Basset,  95. — 
In  Braintree,  March  23,  Mr.  Richard 
Thayer,  92.— In  Marblehead,  Mrs.  Su- 
sanna Devereux,  93. — In  Alford,  Deao. 
Eleazar  Barrett,  90. — In  Chilmark,  Mrs. 
Ruhamah  Stewart,  93,  leaving  a  husband 
92,  with  whom  she  had  lived  71  years. 

In  Connecticut.  In  Burlington  Mr. 
Joseph  Smith  96. — In  Redding,  Mr.  Da- 
vid Jackson,  90. — In  Milford,  Widow 
Esther  Bryan,  93 — In  New-Haven,  Mr. 
Henry  Eaton,  92,  a  revolutionary  pen- 
sioner.— In  Berlin,  Mrs.  Sarah  Steele, 
94,  having  had  278  descendants.  In 
Providence,  R.  I.  Mrs.  Jerusha  Wright, 
94.  ^ 

In  Philadelphia,  Penn.  Capt.  Fred- 
erick Bird,  96,  a  revolutionary  officer. 
In  Bellford,  L.  I.  Mr.  Tunis  Tiebout  of 
New-York,  aged  101. 

In  JVew-Hampshire.  In  Plainfield, 
March  21,  Mrs.  Joanna  Pool,  92  years 
6  months.^— In  Bow,  April  5,  Mr.  SAMU- 
EL Welch,  112  years,  6  mo.  23  days. 


THERMOMETRICAL  AND  METEOROLOGICAL  OBSERVATIONS, 

FOR     FEBRUARY,    1823. 


At  Portsmouth,  in  lat.  43°  4'.                 | 

At  Hopkinton,  in  lat,  43°  11'. 

C 

-J 

^ 

<£: 

O 

C/3 

— 

tc 

»> 
^ 

> 

y 

y 

Winds  and  Weather. 

•^^ 

y 

y 

Observations. 

g 

g 

g 

m 

s 

g 

T 

Te 

17 

14 

NW.  Fair;  fresh  wind 

"T 

l2 

15 

"9 

NW.  Fair 

2 

12 

30 

14 

W.  Fair 

2 

3 

26 

12 

NW.  W.  Fair,  cloudy 

3 

20 

34 

26 

SE.  Snow 

3 

14 

28 

23 

W.  N.  NE.  Snow 

4 

23 

39 

17 

Cloudy 

4  24 

34 

10 

N.  NW.  Cloudy,  fair 

5 

10 

16 

13 

Same 

5 

*1 

15 

7 

NW.  Fair,  flying  clouds 

6 

2 

9 

*1 

NW.  Fair 

6 

0 

8 

*1 

NW.Fair 

7 

*8    4 

6 

N  W.  Fair ;  high  wind 

7 

*7 

5 

4 

NW.  Fair,  high  winds 

8*3 

20 

14 

Cloudy  &  fair 

8 

*3 

17 

10 

NW.  Fair,  cloudy 

9 

12 

26 

11 

NW.  Fair 

9 

8 

24 

7 

NW.  Fair 

10 

15 

30 

25 

NE.  Fair 

10 

5 

3" 

23 

NW.  N  NE.  Fair,  cloudv 

11 

26 

35 

31 

NE.  Cloudy 

11 

24 

31 

27 

NE.  Cloudy 

12 

32 

32 

31 

E.  Snow  storm 

12 

27 

35 

31 

NE.  NW.  Snow8  inches 

13 

18 

40 

15 

NW.  Fair 

13 

18 

27 

9 

NW.  Fair 

14 

5 

32 

25 

NE.  Violent  snow  storm 

14 

9 

28 

20 

NW.  N.  NE.  Cloudy,  snow 

15 

21 

33 

17 

Changeable 

15 

20 

31 

15 

NW.  W.  Snow  12  inches 

16 

15 

29 

2 

Fair 

16 

10 

18 

2 

NW.  Fair 

17 

*7 

25 

13 

Changeable 

17 

*1 

19 

12 

NW.  SW.  Fair,  cloudy 

18 

15 

37 

14 

Snow  &  variable 

18 

15 

31 

9 

SW.  W.  NW.  Variable 

19 

0 

21 

4 

NW.  Fair  ;  high  wind 

19 

0 

8 

5 

NW.  N.  Fair,  high  wind 

20 

9 

16 

18 

NE.  Snow  &  fair 

20 

8 

19 

15 

SW.  W.  Snow,  cloudy 

21 

18 

44 

33 

NW.  Fair  ;  rain  night 

21 

27 

35 

33 

W.  Fair,  cloudy 

22 

30 

46 

20 

NW.  Fair 

22 

35 

37 

26 

NW.  Fair,  cloudy 

23 

12 

37 

28 

NE.  Cloudy 

23 

24 

W.  SW.  SE.  Fair,  cloudy 

24 

13 

14 

16 

NE.  Violent  snow  storm 

24 

NE.  Snow 

25 

24|32 

17 

NE.  Snow 

25 

NW.  Fair,  high  wind 

26 

10 

41 

29 

WSW.  Cloudy ;  snow 

26 

W.  SW.  Fair,  cloudy,  snow 

27 

28 

40 

10 

NW.  Fair 

27 

NW.  Fair,  flving  clouds 

28 

0 

18 
elf 

3 

1W 

Same 

zero.'' 

28 

:*E 

elc 

)W 

NW.  Fair 
".ero.l 

M>:?:s^^:is 


^g 


PUBLIC  AFFAIRS  IN  MAY. 


France,  Spain,  &c. 
We  look  to  the  situation  of 
France,  with  feelings  similar  to 
thobe  experienced  on  the  approach 
of  some  terrific  storm,  sweeping^  be- 
fore it  whole  forests  and  villages. 
For  scarcely  less  awful  in  the  po- 
litical world  must  be  the  convulsion 
which  is  threatening  in  Europe.  "A 
republic  in  Spain,"  says  an  advo- 
cate of  thrones  and  despotism, "  will 
seek  its  fellow  in  a  republic  in  Ita- 
ly. With  Spain  and  Italy  revolu- 
tioned,  how  long  noill  France  remain 
tranquil !  How  long  will  Germany, 
already  heaving,  lie  repining  and 
murmuring,  before  it  burst  into  a 
resistless  storm  ?  The  continent 
is  at  this  hour  in  a  state  of  internal 
convulsion.  The  Frenchman,  cast 
on  the  ground  by  the  fortune  of  war, 
feels  hostility  to  thrones  unextin- 
guished ;  the  Germaa,  who  fought 
for  his  country  under  the  promise 
of  a  constitution,  feels  his  hopes  de- 
feated ;  the  Italian,  proud  of  bis  an- 
cient memories,  and  flung  from  his 
late  ideal  independence,  feels  and 
groans  ;  the  Pole,  loaded  with  the 
Kussian  fetter,  feels  and  curses  his 
degradation.  Through  the  whole 
circuit  of  the  continent  there  is  but 
one  preparation,  great  and  terrible, 
for  a  catastrophe,  of  which  no  man 
can  calculate  the  horrors  or  the 
close.  The  field  is  sown  with  the 
serpent  teeth  of  bitterness,  ruined 
ambition,  and  inveterate  discord. 
Are  we  to  see  it  ?end  up  its  harvest 
of  the  spear  ?  The  thrones  of  the 
continent  stand  at  this  hour  in  a  cem- 
etery.''''* If  we  look  for  a  reason 
why  France  at  this  time  assumes  a 
warlike  tone  towards  Spain,  it  will 
be  seen  in  the  fact  that  her  people 

*  Blackwood's  Mag. 


are  discontented  ;  and  her  restless 
activity  must  be  employed   abroad, 
to  prevent  insurrections  at  home. 
France  is  mortified  and  degraded  ; 
she  feels   that  the   Bourbons  have 
been  imposed  upon  her  by   foreign 
armies.     From  the  dream  of  glory 
which  that  people  enjoyed  in  the 
reign  of  Napoleon,  they  have  been 
aroused  to  bitterness  of  feeling,an(l 
a  desperate  eagerness  to  better  or 
alter  their  condition.     The  minis- 
ters of  Louis,   foreseeiug   the  ap- 
proach of  evils,  which  their  meas- 
ures were  encouraging,  sought  to 
divert  the  anxiety  of  the  nation — 
and  on  the  specious   plea  of  sup- 
porting the  crown  of  Spain  against 
an  insurgent    people,  have  waged 
war    upon  liberal   principles,  and 
with  fearful  odds  against  them.  We 
have  no  wish  to  anticipate  the  re- 
sult ;  but  our  prayers  are  for  th« 
deliverance  and  freedom  of  Spain. 
O^We  have   followed  with  at- 
tention the  course  of  the  negotia- 
tions pursued    by  the  British   GoV' 
ernment   both    with  France    and 
Spain,as  developed  in  the  documents 
laid  before  the  Parliament  of  Great 
Britain  on  the    14th  of  April  last 
It  consists  of  two  seta  of  dispatches, 
one  under  the  head  of  Verona  and 
Paris,  and  the  other  of  Paris  and 
Madrid.      The  former  commencee 
in  Sept.  1822,and  continues  through 
fourteen  documents  to    the  latter 
part  of  January,  1823.     In    this  set 
of  state  papers,  the  British  govern- 
ment seems  to  have  been  surprised 
by  the  intention  of  France  and  her 
continental  allies  to  interfere  with 
force  of  arms  in  the  affairs  of  Spain, 
into  a  strong  and  animated  expres- 
sion as  to  the   uselcssness  and  dan- 
ger   of   such   inteiference.    The 


42 


Appendix » 


Dnkeof  Welling'ton  was  directed 
to  declare  for  peace,  to  decline  be- 
coming- a  party  or  holding  common 
laof^upofe  with  the  allies,  and  to  ad- 
vauce  arguments  altogether  irresis- 
tible against  the  necessity  of  the 
war  with  Spain  Mr.  Canning  all 
along  maintained  th^t  the  diffi'renne 
between  the  Brili-h  Government 
and  France,  w  is  not  upon  the  ad- 
vantages whi  h  might  ari.se  from 
alterations  in  the  Spanish  Constitu 
tioti,  hut  was  confined  to  the  princi- 
ple which  she  opposed  of  threaten- 
ing an  armed  interference  for  the 
pnipose  of  effecting  any  desired 
chinge.  And  it  was  specifically 
maintained  that  there  was  no  coun- 
try of  equal  magnitude  with  Spain 
whose  internal  disturbances  would 
be  so  little  likely  to  menace  the 
tranquillity  of  other  states,with  that 
imminent  danger,which  alone  could 
iusti'y  foreign  intervention. 

The  second  set  of  documents, 
amounting  tc  43,  commences  in 
Dec.  1822,  and  terminates  March 
31,  1823. 

On  the  29th  December,  the  me- 
diation of  Great  Britain  was  prof- 
fered, provided  Spain  should  desiie 
it ;  but  it  was  dechned  by  the  Span- 
ish Minister.  Lord  l-'itzfoy  Som- 
erset w;is  sent  early  in  January  on 
a  secret  mission,  with  a  view  to  in- 
duce the  most  distinguished  individ- 
uals in  Spain  to  make  such  a  vol- 
untary change  in  their  Constitu- 
tion as  might  be  agreeable  to 
France.  This  project  proved  to  be 
abortive  ; — and  huving  exhausted 
their  endeavors  to  preserve  peace, 
the  British  Government  m.ade  dis- 
tinctly known  to  both  Pijwers, 
their  determination  to  retire  with- 
in the  limits  of  strict  neutrality. 
In  the  final  despatch  to  Sir  Charles 
Stew  irt  in  Paris,  Mr.  Canning  ex- 
prf  sses  his  expectatinn  that  France 
will  not  attempt  the  permanent  oc- 
cupation of  Spain,  or  force  the 
King  into  any  measure  deiogatory 
to  the  independence  of  his  Cro.vn 
— that  the  King'  of  England  will 
not  be  called  upon  to  fulfil  the  obli- 
gations of  that  defensive  connec- 
tion subsisting  betweea  Great  Brit- 


ain and  Portogal— and  that  as  His 
B'itannic  Mijesty  disclaims  for 
himself  any  intention  of  appnpri- 
ating  the  smallest  portion  of  the 
late  Spj^nish  possessions  in  Ameri- 
ca, he  it;  satisfied  that  no  attempt 
will  be  mride  hy  France  to  bring 
un  ler  her  dominion  any  part  of 
those  possessions,  either  by  con- 
quest or  by  cession,  from  Spain. 

By  'ate  arrivals  we  learo  that 
hostilities  have  commenced.  The 
passage  of  <ht'  Bidaossa,  the  Span- 
ish Rubicon,  puts  an  end  to  specu- 
lations, and  introduces  us  to  the  re- 
gion of  fact. 

Two  arn.ies  were  destined  «o  (en- 
ter Spain.  One  on  the  side  of  Bay- 
onne,  has  passed  the  barrier,  in 
which  Gen.  Count  Guilleminot  and 
Marshjil  Oudinot,the  Duke  of  Reg- 
gio,  have  distinguished  commands. 
The  other,  on  the  side  of  Perpig- 
nan,  is  under  Marshal  Moncey, 
Duke  of  Cornegliano.  The  latter 
force  waiting  the  arrival  of  the 
Commander  in  Chief,  was  not  ex- 
pected to  move  before  the  20th  or 
22d  of  April.  Divisions  have  in- 
vested the  fortified  towns  of  Pam- 
peluna  and  St.  Sebastians.  The 
commander  of  a  French  division, 
on  the  f)th  of  April,  summoned  the 
latter  fortress  to  surrender  in  the 
name  of  Ferdinand  t^e  Vllth  ;  but 
the  Spanish  Governor  replied)  that 
he  would  not  deliver  up  the  place 
without  a  formal  cder  from  his 
Sovereign.  The  flags  of « truce 
withdrew,  and  a  fire  was  commen- 
ced upon  the  French,  terminating 
in  a  blight  victory — the  Spanish  kil- 
ling about  sixty  and  woundii  g  er 
taking  five  hundred  prisoners. — 
The  French  advanced  posts  have 
entered  Viitoris,  and  General  Que- 
sada  has  reached  Bilboa. 

Flying  columns  of  the  guerillas 
move  about  between  the  Pyrennees 
and  the  Ebro.  They  hover  round 
the  F  ench,  harrass  them  and  leave 
them  nothing  to  eat.  Gen.  Moril- 
lo  cninmands  the  arm}'  o'"  reserve 
in  Gallicia,  and  takes  a  position  be- 
tween Leon  and  Astorga  with  from 
15  to  20,000  men.  A  scarcity  of 
provisions  already  began  to  be  ex- 


Jippendi 


4S 


perienced  by  the  French  troops, 
who  tf)ok  with  them  only  nine  days' 
supply,  each  soldier,  as,  is  stated, 
carryings  his  own  share.  The  Con- 
tribrindis'iis  (nr  smiinra^lprs)  aLnouat 
to  50,000  men,  all  well  mounled 
and  ^rrn''d — they  are  men  of  great 
conrao^e  =ind  intrepidilj. 

The  port  and  citadel  of  Giietaria 
have  been  taken  by  the  French 
troops;  Two  hundred  men,  among 
whom  were  two  colonels  and  ten 
other  officers,  have  been  taken,  to- 
gether with  five  pieces  of  cannon 
and  provisions 

Ballesteros,  it  «ras  announced, 
had  abindoned  the  pass  of  Salinas, 
and  retired  to  Tudeia-  since  which 
it  WAS  reported  he  had  left  that 
place.  It  will  be  recollected  that 
tlie  information  we  have  received 
is  derived  from  French  sources, 
which,  althoHg'h  official,  must  be  ta- 
ken with  q;Teat  allowances,  since 
the  interest  the  Bourbon  govern- 
ment nave  in  carrying  on  the  wa"" 
without  disaster,  will  lead  them  to 
conceal  circumstances  and  misrep- 
resent facts.  F(»r  example  :  a  few 
French  and  Itnltan  refugees  made 
an  unsuccessful  attempt  by  sedi- 
tious cries  to  seduce  the  French 
trooos,  when  crossing  the  lines ; 
who,  iistead  of  deserting,  fired 
upon  and  killed  eight  of  them  at 
thecommind  if  their  office  s.  This 
simple  occurrence  is  the  cause  of  a 
flaming  bulletin,  which  was  read 
in  the  Chamber  of  Deputies  with 
loud  shouts  of  '  Vive  le  Roi  !' 

An  official  account  from  J.  Aba- 
scall,  dated  Valencia,April  2,  states 
that  Col.  Don  Anti-nio  Bazan,  com- 
mander of  the  province  of  Castei- 
lon,  on  his  march  to  Valencia,  en- 
countered 5000  rebels,  with  1000 
men,  and  in  less  than  ten  minuter 
gained  a  complete  victory — 800 
killed,  200  taken  prisoners  and 
1000  muskets.  Mina,  with  6000 
men,  according  to  the  French  ac- 
counts, and  double  that  number  ac- 
cording to  the  Spaniards,  was  in 
Catalonia,  waiting  the  approach  of 
Moncey. 
There  are  said  to  be  great  deser> 


tions  from  the  Army  of  the  Faith, 
under  the  jrincipai  leader.  Baron 
d'Erolles,  to  the  Constitutionalists. 
When  the  wiiole  French  force 
gets  into  line,  we  think  that  30.000 
rt  least  must  march  on  lh»>  line  of 
Per  ignan,  to  supply  posts  and  keep 
up  communi;:ations,  should  IVlina 
retire.  On  the  other  side,  St.  Se^ 
bastians  and  Pamueluna  must  ei- 
ther be  b'^bieged  or  blockadtid,  and 
this  service  will  ijquire  at  le^st  10 
or  15,000  men.  This  leaves  dispo- 
sable tc  march  for  Madrid,  in  ar- 
ray of  60,000,  supposing  100,000  to 
be  brought  into  the  base  of  opera- 
tions originally.  But  the  country 
is  extremely  difficult,  subsistence 
is  precarious,  and  it  will  require  a 
vast  number  of  men  to  rnaintaia 
the  communication  agaifist  the 
skirmi'ihing  parties  of  the  Span- 
iards. M  idrid,  400  milp«  distant, 
may  be  occupied  by  20,000  men  ; 
but  the  Government  of  Spiin  are 
yet  300  miles  further,  and  will  not 
be  conquered  because  the  CipitaJ 
may  be  occupied  by  an  enemy. 

Mexico. 
The  self  created  emperor  Itur- 
bide,  havmg  lived  his  hour  upon  the 
stage,  has  made  'lis  exit  in  imperial 
form.  A  national  congress  has 
been  established  in  his  stead.  At 
a  session  29  h  of  March  thev  de- 
clared that  the  executive  power  of 
Mexico  had  ceased  from  the  I9tfa  of 
May  last  to  Ihst  time;  and  in  an- 
other decree  thev  declare  that  the 
executive  power  shall  be  ex-ercised 
provisio  ally  by  a  bcjdy  composed 
of  three  members,  each  of  whom 
should  alternately  for  one  month 
act  as  President.  These  persons 
are  appointed,  and  their  nam's  are 
Dons  Nicholas  Bravo,  Gaudaloupe 
Victoria,  and  Pedro  Celesfino  Neg- 
reti.  Iturbide,  previous  to  his  final 
overthrow,  proposed  to  the  council 
of  war  that  the  army  should  not  de- 
cide his  fate.  The  Junta  of  Gene- 
rals, in  reply,  referred  every  thing 
to  the  d'^cisioo  of  the  Congress  At 
the  last  advices,  Iturbide  was  in 
coofioeoient  at  his  couutry  houic. 


44 


Appendix* 


under  the  cnstody  of  General  Bra- 
vo. About  700  troops  remained 
faithful  to  the  Emperor,  and  adrised 
him  to  give  battle  to  the  republi- 
can party  ;  but  he  declined,  and 
threw  himself  on  the  mercy  of  the 
Congress.  Thus  ends  the  farce  of 
Mexican  monarchy.  That  of  Bra- 
zil will  probably  follow  in  due  time. 
Thus  the  example  of  the  United 
States  will  not  be  lost  upon  man- 
kind. 

Pirates.— — Almost  every  day 
brings  some  account  of  new  atroci- 
ties committed  by  the  pirates  in 
the  West  Indian  Seas.  The  week- 
ly details  of  their  murders  and  rob- 
beries would  fill  a  sheet.  So  far 
from  their  being  kept  in  awe  by 
Com.  Porter's  squadron,  they  ap- 
pear to  be  more  daring  than  ever. 
This  state  of  things  will  probably 
continue  till  the  Spanish  West  In- 
dies are  under  the  control  of  a  re- 
sponsible government. 

United  States. 

J^ew-Hampshire,  The  Legisla- 
ture of  this  state  assembles  at  Con- 
cord, on  Wednesday  the  4th  in- 
stant. Much  business  of  an  inter- 
esting nature  will  come  before 
them,  and  will  without  doubt  be 
faithfully  and  piomptly  attended  to. 
In  the  House,  there  will  be  a  great 
accession  of  talent,  and  our  confi- 
dence is  thereby  increased  in  the 
wisdom  and  propriety  of  their  de- 
liberations. 

Connecticut. — The  legislature  of 
this  state  assembled  at  Hartford  on 
the  7th  May.  The  message  of  Gov. 
Wolcott  was  communicated  on  the 
8th.  He  notices  in  terms  of  respect 
the  lamented  death  of  Lt.  Gov.  In- 
gerboU ;  and  eulogizes  the  life  of 
that  raeiitorious  citizen.  The  grea- 
ter part  of  the  message  has  but  lit- 
tle relation  to  the  concerns  of  the 
state,  being  rather  a  labored  essay 
on  the  rise  and  fall  and  character 
of  nations,  and  on  the  prospects 
now  existing  in  regard  to  the  states 
of  Europe.  Hon.  David  Plant  is 
elected  Lt.  Governor.  A  bill  has 
passed  the  legislature  to  incorpor- 
ate a  new  college  to  be  located  in 


the  city  of  Hartford,  and  to  be  cal- 
led Washington  College.  Among 
the  trustees  named  is  Com.  M'Don- 
ouQH,  who  is  a  native  of  Middle- 
town,  Conn. 

Massachusetts. — The  legislature 
of  this  state  assembled  at  the  capi- 
tol  in  Boston  on  Wednesday  the 
£8th  May.  During  the  election 
week,  numerous  religious  and  char- 
itable sociefies  had  their  annual 
public  exercises. 

Pennsylvania. — ^The  legislature, 
at  their  late  session,  passed  112 
acts — and  it  is  said  each  act  cost 
about  $450.  Philadelphia  contains 
80  churches ;  of  which  13  are 
presbyterian,  10  episcopalian,  8 
baptist,14  methodist,  5  friends  soci- 
ety, 4  Roman  catholic,  1  unitari- 
an ;  of  other  denominations,  25. 

Mew-York, — A  coal  mine  has 
been  discovered    at    Kinderhook, 

near  Hudson,  N.  Y. The  N.  Y. 

Statesman  contains  a  notice  of  a  cu- 
rious fortification  situated  in  Tirga 
county,  on  the  south  side  of  the 
river  of  that  name.  This  fortifica- 
tion or  mound,  which  appears  to  be 
one  of  those  monuments  of  former 
ages  so  common  in  the  western 
world,  and  yet  so  little  understood, 
both  with  respect  to  origin  and  de- 
sign,ie  difficult  of  access,  and  stands 
in  the  midst  of  a  wild,  picturesque 
and  romantic  country.  The  base 
of  the  mountain  upon  which  the  an- 
cient fortress  is  situate,  is  washed 
by  the  Tioga  river,  and  the  danger- 
ous pass  between  the  cliffs  and  th« 
water,  is  in  some  places  not  more 
than  six  inches  in  width,  sloping 
toward  the  river.  Along  this  nar- 
row and  perilous  way,  above  per- 
pendicular ledges  and  the  gulf  be- 
low, the  passenger  treads  with  cau- 
tious footsteps,  sustaining  himself 
by  the  shrubbery  growing  among 
the  rocks.  A  false  step  would 
prove  fatal.  To  the  point  of  the 
mountain  on  which  the  ancient  for- 
tress stands,  and  which  is  inacces- 
sible in  every  other  direction,  the 
company  gave  the  name  of  the 
Tarpeian  Rock.  The  summit  of 
the  mountain  is  said  to  be  about  500 
feet  above  the  level  of  the  river 


Appendix. 


45 


and  below  it  jawns  a  frightful 
abyss.  The  rampart  was  named  the 
Capitol,  from  its  supposed  resem- 
blance to  that  of  Rome.  Our  tou- 
rist gives  it  as  hie  opinion,  that  a 
single  man  with  a  gun  and  bayonet 
could  guard  tlie  defile  against  an 
army,  and  the  fortress  seems  to 
have  been  impregnable.  It  could 
not  however  have  withstood  a  long 
siege,  as  there  are  no  wells  nor 
springs  in  the  vicinity,  and  supplies 
of  water  must  have  been  di-awn  from 
tbe  river.  The  redoubt  is  50  rods 
in  breadth.  The  principal  en- 
trenchment is  three  feet  deep,  and 
six  feet  wide,  having  evidently  been 
picketed.  The  exact  dimensions 
of  all  the  lines  and  angles  are  given 
in  the  journal,  and  the  party  took  a 
correct  drawing  of  the  mountain, 
fortress,  and  surrounding  scenery. 
By  whom  the  fortification  was  con- 
structed, or  in  what  age  of  the 
world,  baffles  all  conjecture.  We 
understand  a  new  theory  is  about 
to  be  broached,  attributing  these 
American  antiquities  to  a  druidi- 
cal  orig^ia. 

MISCELLANIES. 

Great  Canal. — 1000  men  are  now 
employed  on  the  mountain  ridge  at 
Lockport.  The  locks  will  be  com- 
menced in  June,  and  the  canal  fin- 
hhed  West  from  Rochester  to  this 
place  the  present  season.  Elegant 
packet  boats  for  passengers  now  ply 
regularly  from  Schenectady  to  Ro- 
chester !  During  the  four  first 
days  of  navigation,  11,000  barrels 
of  flour  alone  from  the  West,  arri- 
ved at  Utica.  The  great  works  be- 
tween Schenectady  and  Albany, 
will  be  greatly  forwarded,  if  not 
completed  this  year,  but  another 
season  at  least  must  elapse  before 
a  trip  to  Niagara  falls,  by  water, 
can  be  realized. 

The  seventh  Anniversary  of  the 
American  Bible  Society,  was  cele- 
brated in  the  city  of  New-York,  on 
the  8th  of  May.  The  venerable 
President,  Hon.  John  Jay,  owing  to 
his  great  age,  was  absent,  and  Mat- 
thew Clarkson,  Esq.  took  the  chair. 
The    several   reports   were    then 


read ;  by  which  it  appears  that  the 
receipts  for  the  last  year  had  a- 
mountcd  to  upwards  of  $54,000, 
and  the  expenditures  $53,000,  in- 
cluding the  expense  of  the  new 
buildinf,-.  Upwards  of  200,000  Bi- 
bles have  been  distributed,  and  a- 
bout  320,000  Bibles  and  Testa- 
ments stereotyped  during  the  whole 
period,  in  the  English,  Spanish, 
French  and  other  languages.  A 
great  many  gentlemen  addressed 
the  meeting :  among  others  the  late 
Governor  Clinton  and  a  gentleman 
from  Peru,  a  native  of  Lima,  who 
expressed  his  gratitude  for  what 
had  been  done  for  his  country  by 
the  U.  States.  The  spacious  hall 
was  crowded  with  ladies  and  gen- 
tlemen. 

The  triennial  Convention  of  the 
Baptist  Societies  in  the  different 
parts  of  the  United  States  commen- 
ced at  Washington  city  on  the  3d 
of  May.  Rev.  Dr.  Baldwin  of  Bos- 
ton was  elected  President  of  the 
Board  of  Managers.  Columbia 
College,  at  the  seat  of  governnaent, 
has  been  erected  under  the  patron- 
age of  this  denomination,  at  an  ex- 
pense of  $70,000.  It  has  59  stu- 
dents. The  Convention,  during  its 
session,  waited  on  the  President  of 
the  United  States  at  his  house,  and 
were  by  him  received  with  signal 
courtesy.  The  next  triennial  Con- 
vention is  to  be  at  the  city  of  New- 
York  on  the  last  Wednesday  of 
April,  1826. 

President  Adams  has  lately  com- 
pleted a  deed  of  gift  to  the  town  of 
Quiocy,  "  where  he  has  resided  80 
years,"  of  some  valuable  land.  The 
object  is  to  provide  a  fund  "  for  the 
completion  and  furnishing  a  Tem- 
ple, to  be  built  of  stone,  for  the 
public  worship  of  God," — and  "  for 
the  use  of  the  Congregational  Soci- 
ety, in  thnt  town." — Also  six  other 
lots  of  land,  for  a  slone  school-house. 
He  has  also  given  the  town  his  li- 
brary, with  the  exception  of  a  few 
books,  "  that  I  shall  reserve  (as  he 
expressed  himself)  for  my  consola- 
tion, in  the  few  days  that  remain  te 
me." 


46 


Appmidix. 


The  editoF  of  the  Philadelphia 
U.  States'  Gazette  has  had  the  pa- 
tience to  keep  a  journal  of  ihe  pi- 
racies committed  since  the  ccssa- 
tio;i  of  hostilities  between  the 
AmuricaB  government  and  Great 
Britain,  in  1815.  The  dark  and 
bloody  catalogne,  con  ains  three 
Ihouxand  and  seven. 

The  United  Society  called  Sha- 
ker?, who  are  liable  to  perform  mil- 
itary duty,  or  to  pay  an  equivalent, 
have  in  consequence  of  the  reqiiire- 
meuts  contained  in  the  militia  bill 
which  h.  s  passed  the  Legislature 
of  New-Yoik.  removed  from  their 
residence  at  New  Lebanonjintothe 
state  of  Massachusetts,which  allows 
them  the  "  liber  y  of  conscience." 

Rummohun  Rny^  a  distinguished 
Hindoi>  Philosopher,  a  native  of 
Bengal,  and  whose  writings  in  sev- 


eral languages  have  distinguished 
him  as  a  scholar,  is  about  to  visit 
this  country. 

An  Egyptian  mummy,  enclosed 
in  a  box  with  hieroglyphic  charac- 
ters, has  recently  been  presented 
to  the  Boston  Medical  college,  by  a 
mercantile  firm  .it  Smyrna.  It  is 
supposed  to  be  4000  years  old,  and 
is  in  fine  preservation. 

The  Hew  establishment  at  Key 
West,  has  been  named  Allen-Town, 
in  honor  of  (he  lamented  Lieut. 
Com.  W.  H.  Allen. 


On  the  Proposition  of  the  English  Min- 
ister to  lay  a  Tax  upon  Breeches. 

"  This  tax  on  our  Breeches,"  said  a  thrifty 
old  Cit, 
"  Pray  how  do  you  relish,  friend  Sly;"' 
«  Very  well,'"  answered  t'other,  "  the  minis- 
ter's  bit : 
"  My  [P'ife  wears  the  Breeches,  not  /." 


MONTHLY  REGISTER  OF  DEATHS, 

WITH    CONCISE    BIOGRAPHICAL    NOTICES. 


In  Brookfield,  Mass.  April  29,  Hon. 
DwiGHT  Foster,  65,  formerly  a  Sen- 
ator in  Congress  from  Massachusetts.and 
member  of  the  American  Antiquarian 
Society.  Mr.  Foster  received  ffom  Har- 
vard College  the  honorary  degree  of  A.M. 
in  1784. 

In  Weathersfield,  Conn.  May  18,Rev. 
David  Parsons.D.  D.  of  Amherst.Mass. 
74.  He  was  a  clergyman  of  learning  and 
talents,  distinguished  as  an  eloquent  and 
evangelical  preacher,  much  admired  for 
the  urbanity  of  his  manners,  and  great- 
ly esteemed  and  respected  by  the  peo- 
ple under  his  ministerial  charge,  as  a 
faithful  and  affectionate  pastor.  Dr  P. 
was  in  the  same  class  with  the  late  Dr. 
Osgood,  and  graduated  with  him  at  Har- 
vard College,  in  1771. 

In  Hartland,  Conn.  April  20,  Rev. 
Aaron  Church,  77.  Mr.  C.  was  born 
in  Springfield,  Mass.  March  4,  1744 ; 
5jraduated  at  Yale  College  in  1765;  or- 
dained at  Hartland,  Oct.  20,  1773,  and 
oontinued  in  the  ministry  41  years.  He 
lived  a  pious  and  exemplary  life,  and 
died  in  a  glorious  hope  of  a  blessed  im- 
mortality, greatly  lamented  by  his  nu- 
merous friends  and  acquaintance. 

In  Ashburnham,  Mass.  April  27,  Rev. 
John  Cushing,  D.  D.,  79.  Dr.  Gush- 
ing graduated  at  Harvard  College  in 
1764,  and  was  ordained  over  the  church 


in  Ashburnham.  Nov.  2,  1768.  On  the 
completion  of  50  years  from  his  settle- 
ment, he  preached  a  half  century  ser- 
mon, which  was  printed.  Dr.  C  was 
exceedingly  endeared  to  the  people  of 
his  immediate  charge,  and  to  all  who 
had  the  pleasure  of  his  acquaintance,  ac 
a  sound  theologian,  and  zealous  philan* 
thropist. 

In  Hartford.  Conn.  Hon.  CHARLES 
CHAUNCEY,  76,  formerly  one  of  the 
Judges  of  f  e  Supreme  Court  of  Con- 
necticut. Mi>  C.  was  a  direct  descendant 
from  Rev.  Charles  Chauncey,  the  second 
President  of  Harvard  College.  A  few 
years  since  he  was  honored  by  Middle- 
bury  College  with  the  honorary  degree 
of  LL.  D.  He  was  also  a  member  of  the 
American  Antiquarian  Society. 

In  Kent  county,  Del.  John  Fisher, 
Esq.  Judge  of  the  District  Court  of  the 
United  States,  in  and  for  the  district  of 
Delaware. 

In  Boston,  Mr.  Joseph  Callender,  60, 
a  worthy  citizen  ;  Mrs.  Miriam  Phillips, 
69,  the  amiable  and  worthy  consort  of 
his  Honor  William  Phillips. 

In  Salem,  Mrs.  Catharine  Pickman, 
38,  wife  of  Hon.  Dudley  L.  Pickman  ; 
Mr.  Benjamin  Barstow,  28. 

In  Portland,  Me.  Richard  Hunewell, 
Esq.  65,  an  officer  of  the  artillery  dnjcing 


Appendix, 


47 


tbe  war  of  the  levolution,  and  colonel  of 
one  of  the  regiments  raised  during  the 
administration  of  Presiileni  Adams. 

In  Wiscasset,  Me.  May  21,  Manasseh 
Smith,  Esq.  79,  a  native  of  Leominster, 
Mass.  ;  graduated  at  Harvard  ColJege  in 
1773,  and  served  as  a  chaplain  in  the 
revolutionary  army.  He  afterwards  ap- 
plied himself  to  tlie  study  of  law,  and 
was  one  of  the  first  of  that  profession, 
wlio  ever  settled  in  Maine,  to  the  east- 
ward of  Kenneheck  river. 

In  Groton.  N.  H.  April  20,  Rev.  Cot- 
ton Haines,  77  ;  and  on  the  22tl,  his 
widow,  Mrs.  Martha  Haines,  76.  They 
were  horn  and  married  in  Greenland,  and 
moved  to  Rumney  in  the  early  settle- 
ment of  that  town,  in  which  place,  Mr. 
Haines  was  settled  over  a  Baptist  charch, 
and  was  a  Warm  and  animated  preacher. 
They  had  12  children,  78  grand-chil- 
dren, 54  greal-grand-children,  and  1  of 
the  fifth  generation. 

In  Amherst,  May  15,  Lieut.  Peter 
Melendy,  of  the  U.  S.  army,  38.  He  was 
a  native  of  Amherst,  entered   the  army 


in  1813,  and  ever  sustained  the  charac- 
ter of  a  worthy  and  deserving  (ifTicer  i 
being  highly  valued  as  such  by  his  gov- 
ernment and  companions  in  arms — and 
by  all  acquainted  with  him  was  greatly 
esteemed,  and  will  he  deeply  lamented. 
Longevity. 
In  England.  In  Liverpool,  Ellen 
Tate,  110— Margaret  M'Kenzie,  104.— 
Frances  Dixon,  105. 

In  Massackusetts.  In  Middleton,  Mrs. 
Betty  Fuller,  96. — In  Andover,  Deacon 
Benjamin  Poor,  96. — In  Dartmouth,  Mr. 

Gideon   Howland,    91. In    Leverctt, 

widow  Hannah  Winchester,  93. 

Ill  Maine.  In  Otisfield,  Mr.  Edward 
Scribner,  102  years,  5  momhs. — In  Gor- 
ham,  Mr.  William  Files,  95. 

In  Philadelphia,  Mr.  George  Marker, 
a  native  of  Germany,  100  y is.  6  months. 
— At  the  Blufis,  (Indiana)  Mrs.  Som- 
ers,  117. 

In  JVcw- Hampshire.  In  Durham,  Mrs. 
Ai)igail  Roberts,  104.— In  Deering,  April 
4,  Wid.  Sarah  Blanchard,  98  yrs.  10  mo. 
23  days. 


THERMOMETRICAL  AiND  METEOROLOGICAL  OBSERVATIONS. 

FOR   MARCH,    1823. 


At  Portsminith,  in  lat.  A39  4'. 


I      At  Hopkinton,  in  Int.  43°  11' 


I 
2 
3 
4 

51 
6 
7 

9 
10 
11 

12 

13 
14 
15 

16 
17 

18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
27 
28 
29 
30 
31 


-4,   — 


Winds  and  Weather. 


:5  30  14NVV.  Fair 
14  38  33  i\E.  to  SE.  Cloudy 
10  15  *2  Fair,  high  wind 
*7  10  13  NW^  Fair 
23  4.-.  37  SW.  Fair,  Cloudy 
40  11  41  SW.  Heav3*-ain 
34  .i7  21  i\W.  Cloudy,  fair 
21  38  35NW.  Fair 
37  37  25  N.  Snow 
13  3.S22N.  Fair 

22;32|32|iNE  to  S— Cloudy  a.  m.  snow 
30I43|27|NW— Changeable 
23  43  27  N.  Fair 
37143       Rain 
30'36'25  \W.  Fair 


32  28 
4H!39 
37  33 


40 

39 
32 
50 

39  36 

54  34 


Same 

NW.  Fair;  cloudy 

NE.  Rain 

Snow  &  changeable 

Snow  storm 

Fair;  high  wind 


391Fair;  cloudy 


40 

3a 

44 
42 

32144 
40  38 
3032 


\*  Below  Q.] 


Same 

Changeable 

NW.  Fair 

E.  Snow  StortB 

IVW.  Fair 

SSE.  Cloudy 

Fair 

E.  Cloudy 

iVE.  Snow  storti. 


Observations. 


W.  Fair 

i\W.  Cloudy,  Snow  1  inch: 
NW.  Cloudy,  Fair 
NW.W^  Fair,  cloudy 
SW.  Fair,  cloudy,  rain 
SW.S.  Rain. 
NW.N.  Fair,  cloudy,  fair 
SW.  Fair 
NW.  Snow,  fair 
20  28  17  .\\V.  Fair 

19  30  25IN.NE.  Fair,  cloudv,  snow  4 

20  42  29  W.  Fair,  cloudy    "    [inches 
20  40  29  NW.   Fair 

34  46  34  \V.SW\  Cloudy,  rain,  sleet 

30.)2  22  \W.  Fair 

11  29  24  NW.  Fair 

15  44i3g)nVV.  Fair,  cloudy 

■i\i.  3o|32j  W.N.NE.  Cloudy,  sno* 

17  4,-,  30  .\E.  N.W    Snow,  lair. 

I'd  40|3li  W.  NW.  Cloudy,  snow 

26  .52  23  .\W.  Fair,  high  wind 

22  43  3G  W.  SW.   Fair,  cloudy,  fair 

42  55  35  ^W^  NE.  E.   Rain  cloudy. 

.33  50  32  E.  SW.  Rain  cloudy,  lair 

32  42  32  NVY-  W.   Fair,  cloudy 

31  45  30  S.  SE.  E.  Snow,  cloud  v,5now 

33  44  31  NW^  SW.  S.  Fair,  cloudy 
30  53  30JSE.  Cloudy 

30  50  30  SW.  Cloudv,  fair 
28  38  32|nW.NE.  E.  Cloudy 
29|48l37lN.  Snow  8  inehis,  cloudy 


48 


Appendix, 


THERMOMETRICAL  AND  METEOROLOGICAL  OBSERVATIONS, 
FOR  APKIL,  1823. 


At  Portsmouth,  in  lat.  43©  4' 

1 

At  Hopkinton,  in  lat.  43"  11' 

c 

-*  >— 

?fl 

O 

in 

>— 

cr> 

f 
^ 

> 

y 

y 

Winds  and  Weather. 

I 

Z2. 

y 

y 

Observations. 

2 

s 

2 

a 

s 

k 

- 

"T 

38 

51' 

38 

NW.  Fair 

"T 

32 

69 

34 

NW.  I  air 

2 

36 

60 

38 

SW.  Fair 

2 

32 

59 

43 

W.  S\  .  Fair 

3 

38 

57 

48 

SW.  Cloudy 

3 

43 

53 

45 

SW.  Cloudy 

4 

36 

41 

28 

NW.  Fair ;  high  wind 

4 

37 

34 

24 

NW.  Fair,  high  wind 

5 

24 

42 

32 

NW.  Fair 

5 

20 

41 

31 

NW.  SW.  Fair 

6 

35 

62 

54 

6 

28 

57 

51 

SW.  S.  Fair 

7 

56 

63 

60 

SW.  Cloudy;  rain 

7 

51 

64 

56 

SW.  S.  Cloudy  rain 

8 

57 

54 

38 

NW.  Fair 

8 

50 

49 

34 

SW.  W.  NW.     Fair,  flying 

9 

40 

45 

36 

NE  to  SE.  Fair 

9 

30 

47 

36 

NW.  N.  NE.  Fair       [clouds 

10 

36 

36 

33 

SE.  Snow 

10 

32 

41 

32 

SE.  E.  Snow  4  inches 

11 

32 

35 

32 

SE.  Cloudy 

11 

31 

41 

31 

NE.  Snow,  cloudy 

12 

34 

53 

32 

NE  to  SE.  Fair 

12 

30 

44 

36 

N.  NW.  Fair 

13 

32 

57 

38 

SW.   Fair 

13 

30 

52 

40 

NW.  Fair. 

14 

44 

54 

33 

Var.  Fair 

14 

33 

57 

34 

NW.  N.  E.  Fair 

15 

38 

50 

38  Same 

15 

30 

61 

36 

SE.  S.  Fair 

16 

42 

56 

57 

SE  to  W.  Fair 

16 

36 

64 

53 

S.  SW.  Cloudy,  fair 

17 

58 

59 

45 

SW.  Hazy 

17 

54 

70 

55 

SW.  S.  Cloudy,  rain  fair 

IS 

60 

69 

50 

Showers ;  fair  eve 

18 

58 

62 

52 

SW.  W.  Cloudy,  rain  fair- 

19 

48 

67 

44 

NW.  Fair 

19 

41 

64 

49 

NW.SW.  Fair 

20 

45 

58 

47 

Cloudy ;  rain 

20 

48 

56 

52 

SW.  Cloudy,  rain,  cloudy 

21 

48 

33 

37 

Rain 

21 

51 

51 

41 

SE.  E.  Rain 

22 

38 

46 

39 

SSE.  Cloudy 

22 

39 

56 

42 

E.  Cloudy,  fair               [fair 

23 

41 

58 

45 

"          "      rain 

23 

41 

52 

45 

E.  SE.  W.N W.  Rain,  cloudy. 

24 

44 

47 

33 

NW.  Fair 

24 

37 

57 

31 

NW.  Fair,  flying  clouds 

25 

32 

51 

43 

Var.  Fair 

25 

30 

50 

42 

SW.  Fair 

26 

44 

69 

59 

SW.  Fair 

26 

36 

64 

38 

S.  SW.  Fair,  cloudy 

27 

56 

62 

48 

SW.  Cloudy 

27 

34 

60 

44 

SW.  W.N  W.  Cloudy,  fair 

28 

38 

55 

40 

Var.  Fair 

28 

31 

58 

42 

N.  NW.  Fair 

29 

41 

54 

41 

Same 

29 

30 

58 

42 

NW.  W.S.  Fair 

30 

42 

52 

39 

SE.  Fair 

30 

31 

60 

40 

NE.  E.  SE.  Fair 

OrJ' A  friend  atDunbarton  has  furnished  us  with  a  meteor- 
ological journal  kept  at  that  place,  commencing  in  Dec.  last. 
"  The  past  winter,"  says  he,  "  has  been  severe.  Twenty- 
eight*  snows  have  fallen  during  the  season  :  1  in  October,  5 
in  December,  9  in  January,  6  in  February,  and  8  in  March 
— making  about  70  inches  of  snow,  as  measured  when  first 
fallen.  Beside  these,  there  have  been  several  squally  days. 
The  greatest  snow  fell  Feb.  14,  and  measured  9  inches. 
The  greatest  depth  of  snow  at  any  one  time  was  3  feet,  on 
the  1st  of  March.  November  and  December  were  warm 
months,  with  but  little  snow.  Sleighing  commenced  the  first 
of  January,  and  continued  uninterrupted  in  the  country  un- 
til the  last  of  March.  The  weather  was  cold,  stormy  and 
windy  through  most  of  February  and  March.  The  coldest 
days  were  7th  Feb.  and  3d  March." 


lo  this  Dumber  are  iQclvded  the  light  snows. 


1^0 


PUBLIC  AFFAIRS  IN  JUNE. 


Europe. 

The  French  are  still  advancing^ 
inlo  Spain.  From  the  last  accounts, 
it  appears  that  Oudinot  occupies 
iJurg^os,  and  is  preparing^  to  march 
on  Vailadolid,  and  that  he  has  de- 
tached a  body  of  light  troops  to  op- 
en a  communication  with  Santan- 
der,  on  the  coast  of  Biscay.  The 
H.  Q.  of  the  Duke  are  still  at  Vit- 
toria.  Molitor  has  advanced  into 
Arragon,  and  is  said  to  have  been 
received  trith  open  arms  by  the 
mag-istrales  and  citij^ens  of  Saragos- 
sa ;  on  the  contrary,  Ballasteros 
has  abandoned  that  province,  and 
is  retreating'  by  Calatayud  and  Do- 
roca,  on  Valencia.  The  fortess  of 
Jaca  in  N.  Arragoa  has  surrender- 
ed ;  and  the  artillery  for  the  more 
active  investment  of  the  strong  for- 
tresses of  St.  Sebastians  and  Pam- 
peluna,  has  arrived,  Moncey's 
corps  is  advancing-  into  Catalonia, 
and  is  said  to  have  occupied  Rosas 
and  Figueras,  and  is  now  marching- 
on  Gerona.  When  he  shall  have 
crossed  that  province,  and  advanc- 
ed to  the  line  of  the  Ebrn,  the 
French  will  be  prepai-ed  to  concen- 
trate their  forces,  and  make  some 
more  descisive  push  into  the  heart 
of  the  kingdom. 

There  are  rumours  afloat,  that 
the  French  have  met  with  some 
disasters,  and  that  the  hospitals  at 
Vittoriaare  filled  with  the  T?ounded. 
Thirty  thousand  additional  troops 
are  said  to  have  been  ordered  to 
the  Pyrencees  ;  and  this  is  suppos- 
ed to  have  been  the  consequence 
of  some  important  check,  which 
has  retarded  the  advance  of  their 
present  army,  and  rendered  a  re- 
inforcement necessary. 

Accounts  from  the  interior  of 
Spain  are  still  very  contradictory. 
The  Spanish  official  a«jcounts  repre- 


sent the  constitutional  cause  a<: 
gaining-  ground,  and'the  bands  of 
the  Faith  every  day  dispersing  be- 
fore the  nnited  efforts  of  the  friends 
of  Liberty.  Other  accounts  are 
noi  at  all  favorable  to  the  cause. 

The  Conde  Amarante  is  srJd  to 
have  entered  Spain  with  a  body  of 
10,000  or  12,000,  and  to  be  aiming 
to  form  a  junction  with  the  French 
army.  The  French  are  said,  in 
their  own  accounts,  to  be  ardently 
welcomed  by  the  Spaniards,  as  they 
advance,  and  to  be  received  at  the 
towns  and  cities  by  deputations  of 
their  magistrates.  The  citizens  of 
A^alladolid  are  said  to  have  sent  a 
deputation  to  Oudinot,  in  Burgos, 
warmly  urging  him  to  advance  to 
their  city,  and  deliver  them  from 
the  tyranny  of  the  factious.  On 
the  contrary,  Spanish  accounts 
state,  that  the  French  and  the  ser- 
viles  are  every  where  committing 
excesses,  exacting  hea^y  contribu- 
tions, and  shooting  the  Constitu- 
tionalists ;  and  that  instead  of  be- 
ing welcomed,  they  are  every 
where  hemmed  iu  by  Guerillas, 
and  cut  off  from  all  supplies  beyond 
the  cover  of  their  guns.  The  Con- 
stitutionalists are  statCid  to  have 
gained  a  decisive  victory  over  the 
monkish  army  in  Valencia  :  and 
immediatel}'  after,  report  comes 
from  the  opposite  quarter,  that  tht 
Royalist  General  UJman  has  taken 
possession  of  the  city  of  V?leDcia, 
and  summarily  executed  the  mur- 
derers of  Gen.  Elio,  as  he  would 
call  them.  Amid  this  confusion  oi 
reports,  it  is  impossible  for  us  to 
decide  which  is  the  most  entitled 
to  credit  ;  but  we  believe  every 
American  is  more  ready  to  give 
credit  to  the  Spanish,  than  the 
French  accounts.  All  our  good 
feelioye  arc  enlisted  "^n  the  Ride  cf 


50 


Appendix. 


the  Spanish  Libenls.  Any  success 
of  theirs  is  cheerfully  hailed  by  us  ; 
and  every  advantage  gained  by  the 
FreQc!i,is  something  we  wish  might 
not  He  true. 

While  we  are  so  ready  to  sympa- 
thize with  the  Spaniards  in  old 
Spain,  our  feelings  are  altogether 
difforf  nt  in  South  America.  The 
very  men  who  would  be  cheered  by 
OS,  in  their  victories  in  Europe, 
are  little  less  than  objects  of  detes- 
tation, in  their  efforts  against  the 
liberties  of  the  South  Americans. 
When  Morillo  was  in  South  Amer- 
ica, we  could  pray  for  his  utter 
extermination  ; — now  he  is  in 
Spain,  and  on  the  side  of  Liberty, 
we  heartily  wish  him  success.  Otir 
sympathies  are  not  thcre.'bre  with 
the  Spaniards  as  a  nation.  W^e  do 
not  wish  them  success,  because 
they  are  simply  Spaniards,  and  are 
fighting  against  Frenchmen.  If 
ihe  war  was  between  the  Kings  of 
the  two  nations,  and  waged  for  the 
glory  and  advantage  of  crowned 
heads,  we  should  look  on  with  com- 
parative indifference.  We  might 
perhaps  feel  some  indignation 
against  the  aggressors,  and  be  bet- 
ter disposed  towards  the  injured 
and  the  weaker  party  ;  but  we 
should  have  none  of  the  lively 
sympathy  which  we  now  feel  for 
the  Spanish  nution.  It  is  not,  then, 
the  people,  for  whom  we  feel,  but 
the  cause  in  which  they  are  engag- 
ed. Our  sympathies  are  on  the 
side  of  liberty  and  free  institu- 
tions, and  national  independence. 
We  wish  to  see  the  abuses  of  feu- 
dal and  monkish  institutions  an- 
aihilated ;  the  shackles  that  bind 
the  thoughts  and  the  limbs  of  other 
men,  broken  ;  and  the  same  secu- 
rity, intelligence,  ^nd  equality, 
extended  to  others,  which  we  en- 
joy ourselves.  We  wish,  too,  that 
the  entire  security  of  a  nation  in 
itself,  should  be  fully  established. 
We  cannot  endure  the  thought, 
that  other  and  foreign  powers 
should  combine  together  to  watch 
over  and  control  its  internal  ad- 
ministration. We  wish  to  see  that 
confederacy     cf   crowned    heads, 


who  have  ixken  upon  themselves 
to  rule  every  nation  they  can  rule, 
£0  as  best  to  promote  their  own  in- 
terest, and  provide  for  the  securi- 
ty  of  their  usurpations — we  wish  to 
see  it  broken  and  scattered,  and 
its  members  compelled  to  seek 
their  emplo  ment  in  their  own 
home  concen  %  and  not  in  the  in- 
ternal affairs  of  States  with  which 
they  have  no  business.  We  wish, 
too,  to  see  the  principle  of  colonial 
independence  fully  established  ; 
and  that  when  a  settlement  has  be- 
come strong  enough  to  govern  it- 
self, and  to  escape  froth  the  con- 
trol of  the  mother  country,  it  shall 
have  a  right  to  do  so,  as  freely  as  a 
young  man  may  threw  off  the  re- 
straint of  parental  authority,  when 
he  has  reached  the  years  of  discre- 
tion. It  is  for  these  reasons  that 
we  sympathize  with  the  Spaniards 
in  their  native  countiy,  and  wish 
them  all  manner  of  success  against 
their  French  invaders,  while,  oq 
the  contrary,  our  indignation  rises 
agiirast  them,  when  we  see  them 
still  struggling  to  prolong  a  hope- 
less contest  with  their  emancipated 
provinces,  apparently  in  the  true 
spirit  of  revenge,  and  gaining  noth- 
ing by  this  obstinacy,  but  an  un- 
necessary shedding  of  blood,  and 
waste  of  property. 

What  may  be  the  final  issue  of 
the  present  war  in  Spain,  is  be- 
yond our  reach  of  prophecy.  We 
cannot  ascertain  the  trae  lenipet 
of  the  Spanish  nation,  nor  Icaru 
how  numerous  and  how  powerful 
the  body  of  the  disaffected  may  be. 
The  old  religion  of  ttie  country, 
»vith  all  its  numerous  parade  of 
bishops,  monks,  friars,  and  beg- 
gars, will  be  enlisted  on  the  side  of 
despotism.  They  lo^ed  <heir  goo>i 
things  and  their  laziness,  and  they 
certainly  cannot  love  the  constitu- 
tion, which  has  turned  them  out  of 
their  fat  pastures.  They  are  al- 
ways present  in  the  bands  of  the 
Fnilh,  and  are  among  the  most  ac- 
tive of  their  leaders,  and  the  most 
ferocious  of  their  partizans.  The 
7'rappist  and  Merino  are  men  of  no 
mean  sapacity,and  of  a  terrible  en 


Appendix. 


5i 


sr^y  in  (heir  frucrilla  warfare.  They 
have  leainl  the  trade  of  crueltj'  in 
the  diing:cons  of  the  Inquisitiou,and 
hav»  becotiie  famihar  with  every 
variety  of  torture.  They  are  despc- 
ratc,becan.se  they  have  beon  thrust 
oi«t  of  those  strong  lioIdB,wherc  they 
felt  themselves  in  a  security  little 
short  of  the  repose  ot  the  blessed. 
They  are  inflamed  with  fanaticism  ; 
and  all  their  passions  are  kindled 
by  the  violation  of  those  sanctua- 
ries, which  they  considered  most 
hallowed,  and  where  their  whole 
existence  had  been  moulded  to  a 
frame  of  unnatural  devotion.  Eve- 
ry pnssion,.  from  the  wildest  ere- 
rnetic  enthusiasm  down  to  the 
burtiing's  of  disappointed  avarice, 
is  thus  enlisted  ag-.Most  the  cause 
of  liberty.  It  is  diLlicult  to  calcu- 
late the  extent  of  their  influence. 
It  has  been  little  siiort  of  supreme. 
The  Spanish  nation  w;is  trained  up 
to  the  discipline  of  a  monastery. 
From  their  infancy,  they  were 
taught  to  believe  i;i  the  sanctity  of 
images  and  the  holiness  of  conse- 
crated places-  Thay  were  per- 
suaded that  their  confessors  ha'l  re- 
ally the  pDwer  of  pardoning  their 
transgressions,  and  that  their 
priests  could  change  the  bread  and 
wine  of  the  sacrament  into  the  re- 
al flesh  and  blood  of  Divinity,  and 
that  they  could  actually  present 
them  in  a  little  water,  with  a  por- 
tion of  the  Godhead.  Of  course, 
they  must  have  been  looked  up  to 
as  men  of  superris'ural  powers,  as 
a  sort  of  sacred  magicianB,  who 
bad  the  clemenU  at  ihcir  control, 
and  could  dispense  fnir  weather 
and  rain,  health  and  sickness,  at 
their  pleasure.  Such  men,  with- 
out any  external  power  to  enforce 
their  authority,  were  little  short 
of  absolute.  IIow  far  the  Span- 
ish people  have  become  sufFicient- 
Jy  enlightened,  to  escape  from  the 
dorr/mion  of  these  fears  and  preju- 
dices, we  C3nii(;t  say  ;  but  we  be- 
Jieve  (heir  opportunities  for  im- 
provement liave  bcea  hut  few. — 
Much  has  boon  done  since;  the  late 
revolution,  to  spread  cor.-cct  piin- 
ciple<3  of  government,  anJ  to  open 


their  minds  to  the  real  nature  of 
man;  but,  after  all,  their  religioihs 
creed  has  been  touched  with  deli- 
cacy, and  with  something  like 
fear.  They  are  like  the  youth, 
whose  mind  w:is  filled  with  goblin 
stories  in  his  childhood.  His  rea- 
son is  convinced  of  their  utter 
falsehood,  and  although  he  kno^vs 
no  spirit  is  abroad  to  molest  him, 
yet  he  still  fears  iu  walk  in  the 
dark.  The  citizens  have  had  bet- 
ter advantages,  and  are  really 
more  enlightened  and  liberal,  than 
the  countty  people,  and  they  are 
therefore  among  the  be&t  detenders 
of  the  constitution.  It  is  among 
the  shepherds  and  the  mountain- 
eers, that  the  bands  of  llie  Faith 
have  been  chiefly  recruited,  if  we 
except  their  best  followers,  the 
monks  and  beggajs.  These  are 
(he  very  men  who  are  most  want- 
ed in  theirpeculiar  warfare.  C'lti- 
zens  are  not  the  best  fitted  to  lurt 
in  their  rocks  and  fastnesses,  and 
endure  the  fatigues  and  privations 
of  a  guerilla  soldier.  \Vc  aie  told 
that  the  cause  of  Liberty  has  re- 
ceived a  set-ofl'  in  the  services  of 
the  smugglers,  who,  to  the  number 
of  50,000,  are  organized  in  mount- 
ed guerilla  parties.  We  are  also 
told,  that  a  famous  robber  in 
Valencia  has  surrendered  himself 
to  government,  and  lu  y  perhaps 
be  as  usefiiil}-  employed  lu  killing 
the  French,  as  he  has  been  in  rob- 
bing his  own  countrymen. 

The  success  of  the  Spanish  na- 
tion must  depend  upon  its  unan- 
imity, and  the  success  of  its  par  ti- 
zau  warfare.  We  hope  they  will 
not  concciitr.itc  their  armies,  and 
risk  a  pitched  battle.  It  would  be 
a  useless  waste  of  what  should  be 
reserved  for  the  last  extremity. 
Tlieir  best  strength  is  in  their 
mountains  and  mountaineers.  I^et 
them  retreat  to  the  defiles  of  the 
Sierra  IMorena,  ami  the  French 
may  be  there  taught  to  remember 
the  fate  of  Dupont.  And  if  once 
the  French  begin  a  retreat,  then 
will  he  the  lime  for  their  .Timy  tv> 
close  around  tlicm,  and  ciiiploj  (he 
strength-    which     would    now    ►^f 


55 


Appendir. 


wasted,  to  tome  efficient  purpose. 
We  fear  the  cloud  that  threatens 
the   Spaniards,  is  spreading^  over  a 
wider  surface  than  tlie  French  na- 
tion.     Reports   are   brought,  that 
the  Russian  Autocrat  is  collecting- 
an  army  at  Warsaw,  either  to  awe 
the    French,    or  to    aid    them    in 
Spain.     If  Russia    does  move  her 
hordes  westward,  and  does    cross 
♦he  French  territory,  on  her  march 
to  Spain,  can  England   be   quiet  ? 
Will  she  sit  by,  and  see   another 
continental   despot   bring    his   le- 
gioas  to  the  shores  of  the   British 
channel,  and  threaten  to  drive   all 
European   Liberty    into    her  own 
fast-anchored  isle  ?     We  know  not 
tvhat  the  government  may   be  in- 
clined to  do  on  such   an  occasion  ; 
for  they  have  exhibited  a  remark- 
able degree  of  coldness,  when  con- 
trasted  with   the  ardor   of  the  na- 
lian  ; — but   sure   we   are,  if  these 
things  do  trke  place,  that  the  bull- 
dog cannet  be  muzzled  much  lon- 
ger.    He   will  then    really    show 
them  "  eyes  that  glow,  and   fangs 
that  grin  ;"  or  he  would,  if  he  was 
not    saddled  with  such  enormous 
taxes.     How  far  that  will  control 
the  generous  spirit  of  the   British 
nation,  is  yet  to    be  tried.     They 
have    borne  out  one  dreadful  war 
most  manfully  ;  and  in  their  worst 
and  darkest  hours,  every  little  suc- 
cess   was    cheered    with    huzzas. 
But  they  have  accumulated  such  a 
debt,    as    never    before     weighed 
down   a   nation.     The  income  of 
government  can    do    little    more 
than  pay  the  interest.     If  Europe 
is  involved  in  war,  money  will  cir- 
culate more   rapidly  in   England  ; 
prices  will  rise,  and  the  income  of 
government  will  perhaps  be  great- 
er.    But  it  cannot   possibly  meet 
the  present  demands,  and  defray 
the  expenses  of  war.     War  must 
be  carried  on,  as  before,   by  bor- 
rowing ;  and  if  it  should  spread  and 
continue,  like  the  former  war,  it 
will  go  far  towards  doubling  their 
present  enormous    burdens.     The 
government  could  not  sustain  such 
a  weight,    or  rather,   the    nation 
^vould  not  sustain  it.    If  persisted 


in,  it  must  end  in  a  convulsion  , 
and,  in  such  a  convulsion,  the  debt 
would  be  annihilated,  but  the  na- 
tion would  probably  rise  like  a 
phosnix  from  its  ashes,  brighte*  and 
stronger.—  Percival. 

LATEST- 

It  is  said  that  a  battle  has  been  fought 
between  tlie  Spanish  and  French  forces, 
M'itliin  a  few  leagues  of  Catalonia,  in 
which  the  latter  were  completely  defeat- 
ed. The  loss  of  the  French  was  stated 
to  have  been  5000,  and  that  of  the  Span- 
ish 3500.  The  Spaniards  were  com- 
manded by  Gen.  Mina.  The  greatest 
enthusiasm  prevailed  at  St.  Andero,  and 
neighborhood,  and  even  the  females  vol- 
unteered their  services  in  the  defence  of 
their  country. 

Seville. — This  city,  to  which 
the  seat  of  the  Spanish  Govern- 
ment is  to  be  transferred,  is,  next 
to  Madrid,  the  largest  in  Spain. 
The  Romans  grante  it  the  privil- 
eges of  a  Roman  colony.  VVhen 
Ferdinand  took  it  from  the  Ma- 
hometans, it  contained  600,000  in- 
habitants, and  it  formerly  employ- 
ed 6,000  looms  in  woollen  and  silk 
manufactures.  It  has,  however, 
since  fallen  off  greath'  in  popula- 
tion and  riches.  The  former 
amount  to  about  80,000.  The  cel- 
ebrated Miguel  de  Cervantes  wan 
a  native  of  this  city.  The  cathe- 
dral is  a  fine  Gothic  building,  with 
a  curious  steeple,  or  tower,  hsving 
the  moveable  figure  of  a  woman 
at  the  top,  called  Giralda,  which 
turns  with  the  wind,  and  is  refer- 
red to  in  Don  Quixotte.  The  su- 
burb of  Triana  is  remarkable  for 
its  gloomy  castle,  where,  in  1481, 
the  Inquisition  was  first  establish- 
ed in  Spain.  Seville  is  45  miles 
north  of  Cadiz. 

Ireland. — The  horrors  of  the 
South  are  thickening  to  an  extent 
almost  inconceivable.  Perhaps, 
there  were  never  in  the  history  of 
Ireland  any  scenes  compaiable  to 
those  which  have  been  acted,  for 
the  last  three  or  four  months  ia 
Cork  and  Limerick.  Even  in  the 
rebellion  of  1798,  were  not,  ue  are 
almost  convinced,  during  its  entire 
continuance  so  many  houses  burnt; 
and   though  more  property  mui'. 


Appendix, 


53 


have  beeu  destroyed  tbroughont 
the  wliole  kingdom,  yet  certainly 
no  two  counties  have  suffered  so 
severely  as  Cork  and  Limerick 
are  doing  at  this  mnmeat.-Eng.  pa. 

New-Hampshire — Of  the  pro- 
ceedir)g:9  of  the  Legislatare  of  this 
btale,  when  tlie  session  shall  have 
been  brouKhf  to  a  close,  we  intend 
to  give  a  summary  ;  and  a  revicv/ 
of  ail  the  mast  important  public 
dccuments  and  measures,  relating; 
to  or  affecting  the  interests  and 
happiness  of  the  State,  Had  there 
been  suflicient  time,  we  should  have 
commenced  this  pleasant  duty  in 
the  present  number. 

The  first  Historical  Society  in  New- 
England,  or  perhar  ■  in  the  United 
gta'tes,  was  the  Ma-sachuselt.i  tits- 
torical  Socieiy,  inst;!nted  at  Boston, 
in  Jan.  1791,  ai.d  iiic>rporated  Ktb. 
IS.  n94.  yhe  JVe?i'-Forfc  Histori- 
cal Society  was  instituted  Dec.  10, 
1804  The  Essex  Historical  Society 
was  inrorporated  in  lli20.  I'he 
Rhede  Island  HistoricalSociety  went 
into  operation  the  last  year.  The 
Aew  Hampskire.  Historical  Society 
is  the  Filth  institution  of  the  kind, 
we  know  of  in  New  England.  It 
was  instituted  at  Portsmouth,  May 
21,  and  incorporated  June  13,  1823. 
The  anniversary  celebration  of 
the  Masonic  Fraternity  in  New- 
H  impshire,  was  holden  on  Tues- 
day and  Wednesday  of  the  second 
week  in  June.  M.  W.  Samuel 
Lakkin,  of  Portsmouth,  was  elect- 
ed Grand  Master  of  Masons  in 
New- Hampshire,  in  place  of  M.  VV. 
Joshua  Dakli.ng,  who  had  served 
the  constitutional  period  ;  R.  W. 
Fkederic  a.  Sumner  was  re-elect- 
ed Grand  Senior  Warden  ;  M.  W. 
Thomas  Whipple,  jnn.  was  chosen 
Grand  Junior  Warden,  R.  W.  Br. 
Samuel  Cushman  having  declined. 
R.  W.  and  Rev.  Thomas  Beede 
was  re-elected  Grand  Sacretary, 
and  R.  W.  Abel  HuxcHiNSjCraod 
Treasurer.  On  Thursday,  public 
exercises  were  performed  at  the 
meeting  house,  in  presence  of  the 
Masonic  Fraternity  and  a  brilliant 
assemblage  ef  ladies  and  gcnt'e- 
rrjen,  ^herc  an  excellcQt  Mascnic 


discourse  was  preached  by  R>  W. 
and  Rev.  John  L.  Blake.  Thie 
annual  meeting  of  the  Fraternity 
brings  togellicr  many  respectable 
individuals  liom  diff'jrcnt  and  dis 
tant  parts  of  the  State,  and  cements 
that  union  of  brotherly  love  and 
friendship  which  are  the  charac 
toristirs  of  Masoas  tbroughoiit  the 
habitable  globe. 

On  Wednesday  the  Ecclesiasti- 
cal Convention  of  Congregational 
and  Frcsbyferian  Ministers  con- 
vened at  'Rev.  Dr.  M'Fai land's 
meeting  house,  at  10  o'clock,  A.  i\I- 
— and  in  the  evening  the  sermon 
before  this  body  was  delivered  b}' 
Rev.  Walter  Harris,  ofDunbarton 
— at  the  close  of  which,  a  collec- 
tion was  received  fo--  the  Trustees 
of  the  Widows'  Charitable  Fund. 

A  peison  in  Dover,  June  20,  having 
in  charge  a  wagon  loaded  with  povvilei, 
streweila  quantity  on  the  ^rouiul;  a  lad 
touched  tiie  loose  j)owder  with  a  coal  of 
fire,  which  communicated  to  the  straw 
in  the  wa£,on,  and  the  whole  exploded. 
Two  men  were  killed  in  attempting  to 
stop  the  horses,  and  a  third  seriously 
injured.  The  wagon  was  blown  to  at- 
oms. 

BIISCELLANlES. 

Reappearan'ce  of  Ekcke's  comet 
Baron  Zach's  astronomical  jour- 
nal for  January,  1823,  cyntaiua 
the  interesting  intelligence,  that 
Encke'a  comet,  which  was  expect- 
ed to  be  visible  in  the  summer  of 
1822,  in  the  southern  hemisphere^ 
was  discovered  at  Paramatta,  in 
New  South  Wales,  where  the  Eng- 
lish have  lately  erected  an  observa- 
tory, under  the  direction  of  the 
very  active  and  irlelligent  astrono- 
mer, Mr.  Humker.  An  account  of 
the  former  appearances  of  this 
comet  in  1780,  1795,  ISes  and 
1819,  with  a  periodical  revolution 
of  about  1204  days,  was  given  in 
the  5th  volume  of  the  North  Aineii- 
can  Review,  and  its  place  observ- 
ed by  Mr.  Uumkei-,  at  the  time  of 
its  discovery,  June  2,  1822,  at  lOh. 
3?m.  25s.  ditrcrcd  but  lew  minutes 
fioin  Encke'b  calculation  given  in 
tint  R.view.  The  observed  Right 
Ascensioa  being  at   that  time  92d, 


54 


Apptndi 


43m.  51s.  3  ;  its  decUnatioa  17d. 
39m.  46s.  3  N.  On  the  23  June  at 
32h.  53m.  55s.  the  Right  Ascen- 
sion was  115cl.  47m,  41s.  7;  Decli- 
nation 9d.  9m.  48s.  4.  This  is  the 
second  comet  which  has  appeared 
according  to  the  predictions  of  as- 
tronomers. N.  B. 

Sahm^  June  23,  1823. 

It  is  said  that  a  Russian  oflScer, 
one  of  the  Polish  travellers,  has  ac- 
complished (he  extraordinary  jour- 
ney of  fifty  days  on  the  Polar  Ice, 
and  that  he  arrived  at  an  entirely 
open  Polar  sea. 

A  roll  CI  Papyrus,  measuring 
about  eleven  inches  in  length  and 
five  in  circumference,  bas  been 
discovered  in  the  Island  of  Alphan- 
tia.  It  is  found  to  contain  a  por- 
tion of  the  Iliad,  very  Aiirly  writ- 
4etj  in  large  capitals,  such  as  were 
in  use  during  the  time  of  the  Ptole- 
mies, and  under  the  earlier  Roman 
Emperors. 

Mr.  Raraage,  of  Aberdeen,  (Scot- 
land) has  finished  the  speculum  of 
a  new  reflecting  telescope,  fil'ty- 
three  feet  in  focal  length.  The  di- 
ameter of  the  large  speculum  is 
twenty  inches. 

Copper  coins  have  been  issued 
in  PciU  about  the  size  of  a  cent, 
and  the  government  has  ordered 
them  to  be  received  for  twenty 
cents. 

Htson  Tea. — The  Fayetteville, 
(N.  C.)  paper  mentions,  that  Mrs. 
J.  x\ewlin,  and  Mrs.  Farrington,  of 
Cliatham  county,in  that  state,hav6 
been  successful  in  iho  cultivation 
of  genuine  hyson  tea,  from  a  seed 
found  in  the  bottom  of  a  box  of  tea 
by  the  former  lady. 

New  SotiTK  Wales. — At  Syd- 
ney, in  New  South  Wales,  3  pub- 
lic journals,  and  five  other  publica- 
tions now  issue  from  the  press. 

Vandalism. — A  man,  named 
Johnson,  has  been  sentenced  to 
death  in  Alabama  for  passing  a 
counterfeit  pistareen. 

A  fall  of"  yellow  snow"  was  ex- 
perienced at  Montrose,  Penn.  May 
21.  This  "  Snow"  was  undoiibied- 
\y  the  farina  of  blossoms  or  flowers. 


Our  Colleges. — The  toHowing  is 
given  as  a  correct  statenaent  of  the 
present  number  of  undergraduates  at 
the  several  Colleges  in  New-England 
and  New-Yiik,  distinguishing,  in 
each  College  the  number  from  Mas- 
sachusetts. 
Colleges^     Whole  ^o.  of    JVo  from 

1822.      undergrmduates.       Mass. 
Harvard,  302  205 

Yale,  Conn.  371  65 

Union,  N.  Y.         234  21 

Brown,  R.  I.         157  91 

Columbia,  N.  Y.   140  0 

Dartmouth,  N  H.  138  16 

Bowdoin,  Me.       120  12 

iiamilton,  N.  Y.    107  I 

Amherst,  98  64 

Muldiebury,  Vt.     87  2 

Williams.  78  46 

Burlington,  Vt.       41  0 

1873  518 

The  population  of  New  Eng- 
land and  New- York  in  1820,  was 
3,032,666,  of  which  number  Mas- 
sachusetts contained  only  523,287, 
or  about  one-sixth  part  of  the  whole. 
From  the  above  statement  it  appears, 
that  Massachusetts  furnishes  518  stu- 
dents for  the  different  Colleges, 
which  is  about  200  more  than  her 
proportion  according  to  her  popula- 
tion. This  fact  is  highly  creditable 
to  that  State,  as  it  proves  that  the 
advantages  of  a  liberal  education  are 
duly  estimated  by  the  great  mass  of 
her  citizens.  If  every  part  of  the 
United  States  furnished  students  in 
the  same  proportion,  the  whole  num- 
ber at  the  different  Colleges  would 
be  10,000;  and  if  one  half  of  these 
were  preparing  for  the  ministry,  as 
was  the  case  in  the  Colleges  at  Cam- 
bridge and  New- Haven  for  the  first 
century  after  the  settlement  of  New- 
England,  the  annual  supply  of  liber- 
ally educated  ministers,  from  all  our 
Colleges,  would  be  more  than  1,000. 
We  presume  to  say  that  the  actual 
number  at  present  falls  short  of  200. 
Connecticut  Journal. 

Araj?ian  History.-  The  Leipsic 
Literary  Gazette  speaks  of  the  ap- 
proaching publication  of  several 
interesting  posthumous  works  of 
the  celebrated  historian  and  phi- 
lologist, Reiske  ;  especially,  "  A 
History  of  the  Arabs  before  M;^- 


Jipptndix. 


65 


hornet,"  the  MS.  of  which  had  been 
long  lost,  but  was  recently  dis- 
eovered. 

Three  sons  of  Gen.  Paez  of  the 
Republic  of  Colombia  have  been 
admitted  to  the  Military  Academy 
at   West  Point. 

The  last  anniversary  of  the  birth 
of  Washington  was  celebrated 
at  Bogota,  tlie  capital  of  the  Re- 
public of  Colombia,  by  officers  of 
the  government,  citizens,  Ameri- 
can and  other  foreigners. 

The  President  of  the  United 
States  has  oftered  for  sale  his  es- 
tates in  Albemarle  county  (V'a.) 
inciuJi)3g  above  4000  acres. 


Abvi.fedA. — This  Arabian  phi- 
losopher o)  the  dcsart  being  asked 
one  day  how  he  came  to  know  ther< 
was  a  God  ? — "  In  the  same  way  as 
I  know  by  the  prints  that  arc  raadc 
in  the  sand  whether  a  man  or  beast 
had  passed  before  me.  Do  not,"' 
added  he,  "  the  heavens,  by  the 
splendor  of  the  stars,  the  world,  by 
tiie  immensity  of  its  extent,  and 
the  sea,  by  the  infinity  of  the 
waves  that  it  rolls,  sufficiently 
make  known  to  us  the  power  anti 
the  greatness  of  their  author?" — 
Another  Arabian,  having  the  same 
question  put  to  him,  replied,  "  Docs 
it  require  a  flambeau  to  sco  the 
SUD  ?" 


MONTHLY  REGISTER  OF  DEATHS. 


WITH    CONCISE    BIOG 

In  London,  A.  Arrowsmitli,  the  cele- 
brated geographer,  aged  74. 

At  his  residence  in  Downing  College, 
Cambridge,  Edward  Christicn.Esq.  Pro- 
fessor of  the  Laws  of  England,  and  Chief 
Justice  of  the  Isle  of  Ely-  He  was  the 
learned  Editor  of  Blackstone's  Conr- 
vnentaries. 

In  Cadiz,  on  the  lltli  March  last,  P. 
Mnmford  Hall,  Esq.  American  Consal 
atthat  place.  He  was  horn  at  Pomfret, 
Conn,  in  1784;  was  the  son  ol  Dr.  .lon- 
rtthan  Hall,  a  highly  respected  physi- 
cian ol  that  place,  and  was  a  patriotic 
and  intelligent  merchant. 

In  Wallingford,  Conn.  Capt.  .I.)hii 
Mansfield,  75  ;  he  commanded  the  for- 
■>rn  hope  at  the  storming  of  the  redonbts 
w  Yorktown  ;  and  his  name  was  hon- 
arabiy  mentioned  by  Col.  Hamilton,  the 
commander  of  the  detachment. 

In  Lewis  county,  Va.  Mr.  John  All- 
l.iere,  7S  ;  he  was  a  volunteer  in  1774, 
M\  \\,v  campaign  with  Col.  Lewis,  and 
-•'ought  valiantly  against  the  Indians;  he 
'.ikewi.^P  had  to  encounter  the  trials  and 
aard.Mps  of  a  soldier  t'.uough  the  whole 
if  tile  revolutionary  war. 

In  Marlilehe-.ul.  Mass.  Mr.  .Toseph 
Roundy,7»3,  a  revolutionary  pensioner; 
he  riHpnred  no  witnesses  to  obtain  his 
reward  '."or  his  services,  hut  sent  on  to 
the  seat  of  Government  bis  own  journal, 
iiapt  in  an  accurate  manner  during  his 
soldiership. 

In  Farmingion,  Conn.  Col.  Noudiah 
HooluM-,  8d.  He  was  a  soldier  oi  tiie 
Revolution,  and  was  in  service  during 
.nost  of  die  war.  At  the  commence- 
.^1•!nt  of  the  revolutionary  struggle,  he 
,nar(^h''d  from  lhi<?  Stat"  as  rnpttin,  at 


RAPHICAL    NOTICES. 

the  head  of  a  very  large  company  o; 
brother  patriots,  for  Roxbury,  Mass. — 
He  was  in  many  important  actions  dur- 
ing the  war  ;  and  had  the  command  of  a 
regiment  at  the  capture  of  Buri;oyne's 
army.  He  was  for  about  30  years 
Treasurer  cf  the  town  of  Farmington. 

In  Kentucky,  lately,  at  his  residence 
on  SaJt  river,  Mr.  Andrew  Buntin,  aged 
nearly  90  years.  He  was  an  old  revo- 
lutionary soldier,  and  fought  under  Shel- 
by at  King's  mcuntaiu.  At  an  early 
period  be  emigrated  to  Kentucky,  and 
participated  in  the  iiardshijis  and  perils 
of  the  first  settlers.  He  was  out  in 
Scott's  first  campaign  on  the  'Wabash,  in 
consequence  of  which,  by  double  charg- 
ing his  !;un,  he  shot  an  Indian  who  was 
ba'ntering  the  American  troops  from  the 
top  of  a  house  on  the  opposite  side  of  the 
river. 

In  Boston.  27di  May,  Hon.  Jonw 
Phillips,  one  of  our  most  eminent, 
wortiiy,  and  useful  citizens.  Tliis  pub- 
lic 'uereavenient  was  as  unextected  as 
aftlictive.  At  tlie  organization  of  the 
Legislature  on  AVeduesday,  he  appear- 
ed in  his  place,  with  his  wonted  ciieer- 
fidness.  In  an  interv.tl  of  the  business 
of  die  Senate,  Mr.  Phillips  remarked, 
that  he  experienced  a  great  stricture  of 
the  breast,  and  notwithstanding  the  tone 
of  his  voice  was  ^ood,  he  found  his 
respiration  extremely  difficult,  still  he 
did  not  appear  to  have  any  apprehen- 
sions of  the  effccls  of  his  complaint.— 
About  one  o  clock  on  Thursday  morn- 
inz,  the  symptoms  cf  his  disease,  (an- 
gina pectoris)  becoming  alarming,  medi- 
cal  n'd   was  afforded  hiro,  but   withotri 


56 


Appendix. 


effect,  and    lie  breathed  his  last  a  few 
minutes  before  9  o'clock. 

Mr.  Phillips  graduated  at  the  Univer- 
sity in  1788,  and  we  learn  was  in  the 
53,1  year  of  liis  age.  He  was  educated 
for  the  bar,  and  when  quite  young  was 
appointed  County  Attorney  of  Suffolk  ; 
and  for  nearly  a  thirU  of  a  century  ^-us- 
tained,  unremittingly,  and  vvith  unusual 
integrity,  purity,  arid  success,  high  and 
important  offices  in  the  Judicial  Depart- 
ment, and  in  the  Government  of  the 
State,  his  native  town,  and  the  Univer- 
sity. A  few  days  before  his  death  lie 
was  President  of  the  Senate,  and  Mayor 
fif  this  city  ;  and  died  President  o(  the 
Merchant  and  Mechanics'  Bank,  Vice- 
President  of  the  Provident  Institution 
of  Savings,  a  Member  of  the  Corpora- 
tion of  Harvard  University,  a  Trustee 
of  the  Andover  Theological  Institution, 
and  a  Director  of  other  Associations. 
He  appeared  born  to  serve  the  public, 
and  advance  their  interests.  He  was  a 
member  oftlie  Legislature  more  than  20 
years,  in  succession.     In  1813,  he  was 


chosen  President  of  the  Senate,  and  iias 
been  successively  elected  to  that  high 
office  every  year  until  the  present ;  and 
frequently  when  party  politics  were  at 
their  heighi  he  was  elected  by  nearly 
unanimous  ores.  —  Centinel. 
Longevity. 

At  ths  Hope  Estate,  in  Jamaica,  Roger 
Hope  Elleston,  Esq.  aged  upwanls  of 
140  years ;  he  never  drank  liquors  in  the 
whole  course  of  his  life,  and  was  a 
strong  man,  full  six  feet  in  height,  and 
of  great  vigor  and  activity. 

In  Clare,  England,  Mr.  Edward  Clare, 
aged  100  years  ;  his  wife  survives  in 
her  105th  year  5  they  had  been  married 
nearly  80  years. 

In  Vcrmorit.  In  Piutland,  Mrs.  Mead; 
she  was  born  in  the  year  17.S1,  and  was 
the  mother  of  the  first  English  child 
born  in  that  town  ;  she  had  13  children. 
192  grand-children,  154  great-grand 
children,  and  10  of  the  5th  generation, 
making  in  all  269. 

In  South- Carolina.  In  Union  Dis 
trict,  Mr.  Garret  Hendricks,  107. 


THERMOMETRICAL  AND  METEOROLOGICAL  OBSERVATIONS. 
FOR   MAY,    1823. 


At  Po 

•tsmouth,  in  lat.  43°  4'. 

At 

Hopkinton,  in  lat.  43"  11'. 

0 

-J 

— 

CO 

D 

v.  1- 

CO 

> 

y 

y 

Winds  and  JVeaihcr- 

><: 

=  y 

y 

Winds  and  Weather. 

40 

2 

g 

41 

i'  2 

5? 

1 

E.  Cloudy 

T 

33 

66 

42 

Cloudy,  Fair,  SE.  E. 

2 

43 

47 

49 

E.  Rain 

i.:> 

43 

52 

47 

Cloudy,  Rain,  fair,  NE.  N. 

3 

60 

65 

NW^.Fair;  It.  clouds 

3 

44 

57 

42 

W.  Fair 

4 

50 

60 

36 

Var.  &  showers 

4  50 

52 

33 

W.  NW.  Fair,  cloudy,  rain 

r, 

42 

46 

34 

N.  Changeable 

5  32 

43 

36 

NW.  W.  Fair,  flying  cloudr 

6 

40 

48 

42 

NW.  Fair 

6  29 

52 

40 

NW.  W.  Fair,  cloudy 

7 

45  54 

42 

Hazy 

7  37 

70 

46 

W.  Fair 

8 

49 

50 

41 

Cloudy  ;  rain 

8]44 

55 

38 

E.  Fair,  cloudy,  rain 

9 

40 

42 

39 

NE.  Heavy  rain 

9 

38 

4) 

38 

E.  NE.  Rain,  cloudy 

io 

42 

50  40 

NE.  Showers 

10 

40 

59 

42 

NE.  N.  Cloudy,  fair 

11 

40 

50 

42 

NE.  Rain 

11 

38 

55 

42 

N.  N  W.  Cloud v,  rain,  cloudy 

12 

50 

55 

43 

NE.  Fair 

12 

42 

61 

43 

NW.  N.  Cloudy 

13  50 

61 

48 

SW.  Cloudy 

13 

43 

55 

44 

E.  SE.  S.  Cloudy,  rain 

14  43 

48 

46 

SE.  Cloudy 

14 

38(49 

44 

NE.  S.  Rain,  fair 

15 

50 

63 

49 

SE.  Fair 

15 

47 

70 

49 

NW.  W.  SW.  Fair 

16 

50 

64 

51 

SW.  Fair 

16 

43 

73 

55 

SW.  W.  Fair,  cloudy      ' 

17 

49 

54 

51 

S.  Rain 

17149 

60 

48 

S.  Rain,  cloudy,  fair 

18 

60 

71 

56 

18 

52 

72 

58 

W.  Fair 

19 

56 

72 

58 

W.  Fair 

19 

58 

82 

69 

SW.  Fair 

20 

60 

63 

55 

E.  Sun;  It.  cloud'. 

20|64 

87 

61 

NW.  NE.  E.  Fair, 

21 

55 

78 

60 

W.  Hazy  ;  fair 

21|5G 

84 

62 

E.  NW.  Cloudy,  fair 

22 

56 

60 

57 

E.  Showers 

22  50 

72 

63 

NE.  Rain,  cloudy,  fair 

23 

57|70 

56 

NW.  Fair 

23  54 

67 

48 

W.  Fair, 

24 

57 

63 

56  SE.  Clo-udy 

24  49 

69 

56 

W.  SW.  Fair,  Cloudy 

25 

68 

76 

64  W.  Thunder  showers 

25  50 

73 

59 

SW.  W.  Cloudy,  Rain,   Fair 

26 

50 

63 

49  N.  Cloudy 

26  41 

60 

44 

NW.  Fair 

27 

47!65 

54 

NW.  Fair 

27 

40 

64 

51 

W.  Fair,  flying  clouds 

^8  56 

60 

49 

E.  Hazy 

28 

48 

64 

49 

NW.  NE.  Fair,  cloudy 

-29  53 

58 

57 

Heavy  Rain 

29 

51 

64 

57 

E.  SE.  Kain 

30  58 

70 

57 

Cloudy;  fair 

Same 

30 

53 

70 

45 

NW.  N.  Cloudy,  rain,  fail 

-3] 

50 

!59 

1-19 

31 

40 

60 

49 

NW.  Fair 

i;.IPl?SI51Sm 


PUBLIC  AFFAIRS  IN  JUNE. 


LEGISLATIVE  HISTORY. 


The  gfovernment  of  New-Hamp- 
shire IS  as  democratic  ia  its  org-ani- 
zation  as  that  of  any  State  in  the 
uni>n.  The  people  are  the  imme- 
diate source  of  power  ;  and  out  an- 
nual elections,  clothing-  their  rep- 
resentiilives  wiUi  a  brief  au- 
thority, impose  upon  t!iem  at 
once  the  sanctions  of  interest  and 
of  dut\ .  The  course  of  duty  is  al- 
ways plain ;  and,  lookinjj  at  the 
fairer  oide  of  human  nature,  noth- 
ing vvouiii  seem  necessary  to  in- 
duce the  legislat.tr  to  adopt  it.  But 
frail  beings  as  wc  are,  it  (njy  not 
seem  always  to  be  our  interest  to 
look  stedfastiy  at  the  public  good 
as  a  primary  object  of  exertion.  It 
is  difficult  to  draw  tlie  line  between 
self  ani  anotlier — between  private 
interests  and  public  duties,  wliea 
both  press  their  claims  upon  us. 
We  may  discard  the  private  moni- 
ter,  but  her  behbsts  are  not  for- 
gotten.— Against  all  evils  of  this 
description,  however,  the  coiialitu- 
tion  has  provided  a  safeguard,  ia 
our  annual  elections. 

Our  legislature  is  composed  of 
men  of  ditleent  professions,  and  of 
various  acquirements  ;  so  that  no 
ignorance  would  seem  likely  lo  pre- 
vail of  the  true  and  imtncdiute  in- 
lerests  of  the  State.  Every  neces- 
sary guard  is  placed  at  the  avenues 
of  government  ;  and  were  it  not 
the  case,  there  would  not  be  a 
wsnt  of  active  sentinels  to  wjtch 
the  approach  of  public  abuses.  The 
people  themselves,  proud  of  .mcicnt 
examples,  wil'  keep  a  steady  eye 
upon  the  conduct  of  their  public 
servants— and  reward  their  patriot- 
—8 


ism,  or  condemn  their  misconduct. 
And  in  times  like  these,  when  par- 
ly bickerings  have  ceased,  and  em- 
ulation to  be  useful  only  exists — 
the  people  are  not  liable  lo  err  in 
judgment — to  bestow  or  withhold 
their  confidence  where  it  is  un- 
deserved. There  is  a  spirit  of  in- 
telligence abroad  too  apparent  lo 
be  mistaken ;  and  the  politician, 
as  well  as  private  citizen,  would 
do  well  to  govern  himself  by  its 
liberal  and  wholesome  dictates. 

The  Legislature  of  New-Hamp- 
shire at  present  consists  of  12  Sen- 
ators and  201  Representatives. 
The  number  composing  the  Senate 
is  fixed  by  the  Constitution,  and  is 
unalterable,  but  at  the  pleasure  of 
the  sovereign  people.  The  House  of 
Representatives  is  constantly  and 
rapidi}'  inceasing.  The  numbei' 
of  members  in  17b4,  w-is  only  90  ; 
in  1800,  it  bad  increased  to  about 
140;  in  1810,  there  were  173 
members  ;  and  at  this  time  there 
are  201.  That  the  Senate  is  too 
sniallin  its  numbers,  we  believe  to 
be  now  generally  admitted;  and 
that  the  House,  increasing  in  the 
usual  latio,  will  sooo  be  too  large, 
can  be  easily  foreseen.  The  rem- 
edy is  in  the  hanJs  of  the  people  ; 
but  they  will  not  probably  very 
soon  apply  it — deeming  it  safer  to 
sutler  a  partial  evil,  than  to  trust 
to  uncertain  issues. 

Early  on  Wednesday,  June  4, 
quorum?  of  the  two  Houses  of  tlic 
Legisl  iture  assembled.  Hon.  Da- 
vid Lawre-Ick  Morril,  of  Goffs- 
town  was  elected  President  ot  the 
Senate;  and  Hon.A^DBEw  Fkikce, 


.Appendix. 


of  Dover,  Speaker  of  the  House  of 
Hepresentatives. 

The  official  canvas  of  votes  le- 
gally returned  for  Governor,  g'ave 
for  the  whole  number  29,943  ;  of 
which  his  Excellency  Levi  Wood- 
bury had  16,98&.  His  council  con- 
sist of  Hon.  Hunking  Penhallow, 
Rocking-ham  ;  Hon.  Daniel  C.  At- 
kinson, Strafford  ;  Hon.  Jonathan 
Harvey^  Hillsborong-h  ;  Hon.  Eli- 
jah Belding,  Cheshire  ;  and  Hen. 
Ezra  Barlletl,  Grafton  and  Coos. 

We  shall  now  attenapt  a  brief 
review  of  the  more  prominent 
measures  brouj^ht  before  the  legis- 
lature, without  regard  to  the  order 
in  which  the  subjects  were  intro- 
duced ;  but  airanged  under  distinct 
heads,  so  as  to  present  them  in  the 
most  concise  form. 

governor's  message. 

The  first  great  object  of  atten- 
tion, at  the  commencement  of  the 
session,  is  the  message  of  the  Gov- 
ernor. Considered  as  an  official 
expose  of  the  views  of  his  Excel- 
lency, or  as  an  index  to  the  prin- 
cipal business  of  the  session, — it  is 
always  interesting.  The  inaugu- 
ral message  of  Governor  Woodbu- 
Rr  did  not  disappoint  the  highest 
apticipations  of  his  friends.  It  is  a 
dignified  and  useful  state  paper — 
comprehensive  in  its  views,  correct; 
in  its  principles,  and  exhibiting  an 
intimate  acquaintance  with  the  in- 
terests and  affairs  of  the  State.  At 
the  very  outset,  he  acknowledges 
as  among  the  most  sacred  of  his 
principles, "  the  general  diffusion 
of  knowledge,  equality  of  rights, 
liberty  of  conscience,  an^  a  strict 
accountability  of  all  public  ser- 
vants." These  principles  are  the 
grand  support  of  our  political  fab- 
ric— and  form  the  most  distinguish- 
ing features  of  our  constitution. 

In  speaking  of  the  enlightened 
policy  of  this  State  i»  the  establish- 
ment of  its  free  schools,  his  Excel- 
lency remarks — 

"  Besides  an  annual  lax  for  schools  of 
ninety  thousand  ilollars,  considerable 
sums  in  aid  of  it  are  expended  by  spirit- 
ed individuals ;  and  a  Literary  Fund,  to 


be  hereafter  appropriated,  is  accumulat- 
ing at  t'  e  rate  of  about  five  thousand 
dollars  ;  year.  The  system  in  force  in 
these  scl  lols  enables  the  humblest  par- 
ent to  impart  to  iiis  children  all  that 
knowledge  of  reading,  writing  and  arith- 
metic, grammar  and  geography,  wiiich 
the  transaction  of  the  common  business 
of  life  requires  ;  and  of  late  years  in  the 
higher  branches  of  these  studies,  a  zeal 
for  improvement  has  appeared,  particu- 
larly among  females,  which  promises 
signal  benefits  to  society.  Females  in- 
struct us  all  at  an  age,  when  impress- 
ions are  most  durable  ;  and  through  life 
they  exnrt  a  sovereign  influence  over 
taste  and  fashion.  No  method,  there- 
fore, can  be  devised,  which  encourages 
so  just  hopes  of  a  reform  in  the  intellect- 
ual condition  of  a  people,  as  by  tiie 
more  general  diffusion  among  that  sex 
of  studies  and  sciences  conducive  to 
practical  usefulness.  But  with  us  any 
favourable  change  of  this  kind  must  or- 
iginate in  our  free  schools,  because  in 
them  the  affluent  of  both  sexes  acquire 
the  elements  of  knowledge,  and  nearly 
all  the  poor  and  middling  classes  begin 
and  complete  their  education.  For  these 
and  other  reasons,  too  obvious  to  need 
recital,  constant  inquiries  should  be 
made,  whether  the  advantages  derived 
from  these  schools  cannot  in  some  way 
be  enhanced.  Great  as  these  advanta- 
ges now  are,  it  is  manifest  that  perfec- 
tion has  not  yet  been  obtained  in  the  se- 
lection of  the  books  in  common  use,  or 
in  the  efficiency  and  economy  of  the 
present  modes  of  instruction,  and  with- 
out question  the  minds  of  both  parents 
and  children  are  susceptible  of  still  deep  ■ 
er  impressions  as  to  the  unspeakable 
importance  of  improving  their  present 
opportunities.  I  would,  therefore,  with 
respectful  deference  to  your  own  obser- 
vations on  this  subject,  recommend,  that 
our  Inspecting  Committees  be  required 
to  make  to  the  legislature  annual  re- 
ports of  the  books  and  studies,  together 
with  the  number,  sex  and  age  of  the 
scholars  in  their  respective  towns.  New 
light  would  thus  be  thrown  upon  the  ob- 
ject of  your  jnquirie.',  and  beside  the 
salutary  excitement  from  such  a  meas- 
ure, the  details  it  would  furnish  mighi 
suggest  many  legal  provisions  of  lasting 
usefulness." 

Speaking   of    Agriculture,    he 
says — 

"  Its  importance  in  our  country,  as 
the  source  of  national  wealth,  is  con- 
spicuous, and  needs  no  stronger  illus- 
tration than  the  striking  fact,  that  the 
products  of  agriculture  constitute  about 


Appendix. 


59 


iorty  of  the  fifty  millions  of  the  annual 
exports  from  the  United  States  from  do- 
mestic sources.  The  quantity  from  this 
Stale  alone  cannot  he  ascertained  with 
much  certainty.  But  as  the  Custo.u- 
House  books,  the  last  year,  exhibi'  an 
amount  of  agricultural  exports  from  our 
only  sea-port  equal  to  forty-three  thou- 
sand nine  hundred  and  one  dollars  ;  as 
the  lumber,  more  than  one  half  the  value 
of  whicli  is  derived  from  agricultural  la- 
bour, amounted  to  fifty-one  thousand 
seven  hundred  and  one  dollars  more;  as 
produce  to  the  value  of  about  thirty- 
eight  thousand  dollars  was  carried  away 
in  the  ceastin;;  trade  and  does  not  ap- 
pear on  the  Custom-Horse  books;  and 
as  the  quantity  of  these  articles,  raised 
and  transported  from  other  jiarts  of  out 
territory  to  Massachuset's,  Maine,  Con- 
necticut and  Canada  's  unuouhtedly 
from  seven  to  nine  tii.'es  more  than 
what  is  exported  from  Poitsniouth,  I  am 
inclined  to  think,  that  our  total  surplus 
produce  from  agriculture  approaches 
very  near  a  million  of  dollars. 

"  When  we  advert  to  facts  like  these 
and  consider,  that  in  A.  D.  1791,  the 
agricultural  exports  from  our  seaboard 
were  not  one  third  of  their  present 
amount,  and  from  other  parts  of  New- 
Hampshire,  in  consequence  of  their 
more  recent  settlement,  must  have  been 
in  a  proportion  still  smaller,  it  would 
seem  impossible  to  feel  indifference  to- 
wards the  increasing  magnitude  of  this 
branch  of  industry.  The  commenda- 
ble attention,  which  for  some  years  the 
legislature  have  bestowed  on  its  ad- 
vancement, has  kindled  much  emulation 
and  opened  an  avenue  to  many  improve- 
ments; and,  what  exceeds  all  price, 
the  intelligent  farmer  is  rising  rapidly 
to  that  rank  and  respect  in  society, 
which  persons  of  inferior  usefulness 
have  too  often  engrossed.  But  permit 
me  to  suggest,  that  still  further  advanta- 
ges would  accrue,  if  more  particular  in- 
quiries were  directed  to  the  different 
tinds  of  cultivation,  grains  and  stock, 
which  are  adapted  to  any  peculiarities 
in  our  soil  or  climate.  The  discovery  of 
these  peculiarities,  some  of  which  e.xist 
in  every  county  and  almost  every  neigh- 
borhood, is  now  a  far  greater  desidera- 
tum than  knowledge  of  general  husband- 
ry, since  treatises,  connected  with  that, 
have  been  multiplied  from  some  of  the 
earliest  profane  writings  down  to  the 
very  ingenious  essays  of  our  own  Board 
of  Agriculture.  Nothing  could  contrib- 
ute to  advance  this  end  with  more  rapid- 
ity than  an  Agricultural  survey  of  the 
State.    Such  a  measure  would  e.xcit»  on 


these  subjects  renewed  and  deeper  inter- 
est,— would  tend  to  combine  the  re- 
searches of  science  with  the  practical 
fruits  of  experience,  and  to  correct  nu- 
merous local  errors  in  every  branch  of 
husbandry;  the  leading  chemical  prop- 
erties of  the  soil  in  difl'ercnt  ranges  and 
at  diftercnt  heights  and  latitudes  in  the 
Stale  would  thus  be  tested,  and  its  pecu- 
liar fitness  for  diflcrent  crops,  and  its 
want  of  different  manures  in  some  de- 
gree ascertained  ;  its  natural  growth  of 
valuable  trees,  plants  anjtl  grasses  might 
bt!  made  known  ;  its  rocks  and  metals 
so  far  examined  as  they  may  indicate 
the  quality  of  the  earth  for  any  particu- 
lar cultivation,  or  unfold  its  riches  in  re- 
gard to  lime,  plaister,  coal,  iron  a\ul  oth' 
er  articles  of  general  utility  ;  the  differ- 
ent practices  in  relation  to  the  same 
crops  and  the  improved  instruments  of 
labour  in  different  sections  of  the  State 
be  noted  ;  and  in  fine,  every  fact  collect- 
ed, which  may  l)e  thought  conducive  to 
agricultural  prosperity  and  a  better  ac- 
quaintance with  the  great  resources  of 
our  soil. 

"  We  ought  to  import  none  of  our 
bread-stuffs.  For  though  political  phi- 
losophy forbids  sudden  shocks  to  the  ex- 
isting order  of  things,  and  though  some 
pursuits  disagree  with  the  taste  and  lo- 
cal condition  of  our  population  ;  yet, 
with  these  limitations,  convenience  and 
profit  require  us  to  obtain  from  our  own 
labour  ov  neighborhoods  all  the  necessa- 
ries of  life.  Where  wheat,  sufficient 
for  domestic  consumption,  cannot  be 
raised  with  success,  though  such  places 
are  here  fewer  in  number  than  was  once 
apprehended,  the  use  of  it  should  yield 
farther  to  grains,  which  long  experience 
has  proved  to  be  equally  conducive  to 
health  and  more  congenial  to  some  ot 
our  soil.  It  is  another  reproach,  that, 
with  pasturage  in  such  excellence  and 
abundance,  more  wool  is  not  grown  here 
for  the  domestic  demand  of  the  United 
States — a  demand  so  large  as  to  cause 
during  the  last  year  an  importation  of 
raw  wool  to  the  value  of  three  hundred 
and  eighty-seven  thousand  dollars. 

"  It  has  been  ascertained,  also,  that 
we  can  raise  the  Leghorn  as  well  as  the 
common  straw,  and  jiosscss  native  grass- 
es, which  are  elegant  substitutes  for 
both;  yet,  the  value  of  hats  and  bonnets, 
imported  into  this  country  the  past  sea- 
son from  Italy  alone,  amounted  to  six 
hundred  thousand  dollars;  and  it  is  fear- 
ed, that  our  fair  fricids,  many  of  whom 
are  distinguished  for  ingenuity  in  the 
manufacture  oftliese  articles,  have  paid 


60 


Appendix, 


found  in  the  "  public  library."  And 
we  doubt  whether  complete  sets  of 
our  printed  journals  are  now  ex- 
isting-,except,  perhaps,  in  the  hands 
of  private  lodividuah  ! 

In    concluding',  his  Excellency 

thus  alludes  to  the  duty  of  the   le- 

the  vitiated    appetite  for  these   foreign    gisUture  in  foslennj^  the  great  ia- 


almost  a  full  pioponioa  of  this  unneces- 
sary tax. 

"The  value  of  (he  coffee  and  tea, 
brought  into  the  United  States  in  tlie 
vear  ending  September,  A.  D.  1822,  af- 
ter deducting  what  was  re-exported, 
amounted  to  about  five  million  of  dol- 
lars ;  and  though  with  us,  as  elsewhere. 


luxuries  is  seated  with  such  firmness 
to  preclude,  hopes  of  reform  either  speedy 
or  thorough;  yet  a  gradual  substitution 
of  other  vegetables  of  our  own  culture  is 
practicable  and  increasing,  and  deserves 
the  encouragement  of  every  friend  to 
domestic  economy.' 


terests  of  the  State  ;  and  antici- 
pates the  future  grandeur  and  pros- 
perity of  our  republic. 

"  Tiic  character  and  dignity,  no  less 
than  the  interests  of  this  State,  as  an  in- 
dependent sovereignty,   seem  to  appeal 


The  immense  advantages  to  be  to  the  legislature  to  give  a  new  impulse 

J      ■       ,  ^    „  ,,       „    .        ."          f  ■  to   her  energies,    and   for  all   domestic 

derived  irom  the  extension   of  in-  *    r  t          ^„^a   ;,,  r^hoishinrr 

,                                                          ,     ,  purposes  to  take    a   lead    in  cneusnmg 

land  coinmerc",  are  not  overloolc-  among  our  citizens  a  bold  reliance  on 

ed  by  Gov.  Woodbury.  ,He  alludes  their  own  enterprise,  and  on  the  strength 

to  the  long  contemplated  canal  be-  and  excellencp  of  their  own  institutions, 

tween  the  Winuepisiogee  and  Pas-  and  hereafter,  as  far  as   possible,  to  re- 

cataqua  ;   but  we  fear  the  public  do  t^'"  ^"^  ''""'^  and  perpetuate  that  hardy 

not  yet  fully  appreciate   the   bene-  'P'"'  "f  ^^1""^  adventure  and  industry. 


fits  that  would  result  from  opening 
this  communication  between  the 
sea-board  and  interior  of  the  State. 
The  Message  embraces  a  wide 
range  of  subjects,  in  all  which  the 
people  have  an  interest.  The  ex- 
cellent management  of  our  prison 
is  alluded  to — improvements  ia  the 
criminal  code  are  suggested — the 
due  organization  of  the  militia  is 
urged  upon  the  consideration  of  the 


which  in  war  has  always  distinguished 
our  soldiery,  and  in  peace,  beside  giving 
fertility  to  our  stubborn  soil,  has  joined 
the  advanced  guard  of  civilization,  both 
on  the  Western  and  Eastern  frontiers  of 
the  Union.  Another  incentive  to  this 
policy  may  be  derived  from  the  reflec- 
tion, that  however  limited,  in  compari- 
son with  some  States  may  appear  our 
present  wealth  and  numbers,  yet  we  are 
richer  than  many  in  a  mild  code  of  equal 
laws;  richer  in  systems  of  education,  lit- 
erary and  religious ;  richer  in   the   frii- 


legislalure-and  the  importance  of    S.^^l'^y  .^""^   '"°'"'?'^  °^  our  yeomanry  ; 
.,°        ...         J      .1  11  u   -  c    richer  in  impioving  roads,   light    taxes, 

the  judiciary  to  the   well-being-   of    ^^^    ^  j^^^^y  J^^^^ .    ^„^^,^    ,f  ^j^^ 


Ithy 
sentinels  of  our  interests  persevere  in 
a  policy  worthy  the  destinies  of  a 
free  State,  and  the  age  in  which  we  live, 
the  tide  of  emigration  must  long  be 
checked.  Before  the  close  of  the  pres- 
ent century,  should  our  numbers  mul- 
tiply to  a  million,  the  increase  would 
not  be  so  rapid  ,as  has  occurred  here 
within  the  last  hundred  years — and  we 
should  not  then  exhibit  so  dense  a  pop- 
ulation as  now  covers  many  countries 
of  much  less  natural  fertility  in  Europe 
and  Asia 

"  Should  the  sanguine  also  anticipate 
that  by  such  a  policy  the  character  of 
this  population  for  every  human  excel- 
lence maj  surpass  that  of  thfe  purest 
republics  of  antiquit}%  their  hopes  will 
not  apjjear  altogether  delusive,  if  vfe. 
_  ___       _„       look  to  the  advantages  just  enumerated, 

been  a  reproach  to  our  governmen°t    t"  ti'c  flood  of  light  pouring  upon  the 
,,     .        _     1  T»  I-.-      1    T7'  world    from    modern    science,    and   to 

that  no  worlison  Poht.ca.   E^.ono-    ^^^^  ^^^^^^.^  j-^^,^^  ,1,^  ^,ifl-„^i„„  ^^^^^^.^, 

my    or   National  Law  are   to   be 


the  State  justly  commented  upon 

"The  gradual  increase  of  our  small 
library  at  the  seat  of  government  (he 
oTiserves)  is  another  object  of  some  pub- 
lic consfquencc.  If  confined  to  works 
on  Political  Economy,  National  Law, 
State  Trials  and  Parliamentary  Debates, 
the  necessary  appropriation  would  be 
trifling,  and  beside  the  credit  of  such  a 
proceeding  to  the  Legislature,  the  ad- 
vantage to  be  derived  from  recourse  to 
books  of  this  kind  on  questions  of  Or- 
der, of  Impeachment,  Addresses  for  re- 
moval of  officers,  and  important  nreas- 
ures  of  State  policy  or  S'ate  rights,  must 
be  obvious  to  every  intelligent  politi- 
cian." 

We  are  rejoiced  to  see  measures 
at  length  adopted  for  the  formation 
of   a  State  Library.     It  has  long 


Appendix. 


61 


tianity,  which  exceed  all  onlinavy  cal- 
calution;  or  if  we  reflect,  that  within 
two  centuries  since  the  axe  of  the  hus- 
bandman was  first  heard  in  the  forests 
of  this  State,  slie  has  risen  from  a  few 
huts  on  lier  seaboard,  and  from  foreii^n 
and  feudal  suhjeclion,  to  the  full  enjoy- 
nie.it  of  independence  ;  and  after  con- 
verting her  wildernesses  into  fruitl'ui 
fields,  has  animated  tiiem  with  a  people 
eiiually  able  to  understand  and  defend 
their  inestimable  rights.  Nor  is  there 
danger,  that  such  a  people  will  ever 
cease  to  love  their  laws  and  institutions, 
so  lone;  as  these  continue  worthy  of  their 
love,  by  keeping  pace  with  tiie  progress 
of  freedom  and  knowledge." 

We  h^ve  before  mentioned,  that 
our  desig'n  was  not  to  notice  the 
progress  of  legisiation,  but  merely 
to  bring-  into  view  the  principal 
subjects  which  engaged  attention  ; 
and  those  promiscuously  arranged. 
There  being  no  necessary  connex- 
ion between  most  of  thani,  this  will 
be  of  no  inconvenience. 

THE    TREASURY. 

Early  in  every  session,  the  legis- 
lature, like  prudont  guardians,  in- 
quire into  the  state  of  the  Treasury. 
The  settlements  with  the  Treasurer 
were  formerly  made  by  a  commit- 
tee during  the  recess,  until  the 
spirit  of  economy  required  this  la- 
bor of  the  representatives  them- 
selveb.  The  receipts  into  the 
Treasury  for  the  year  ending  June 
4,  1823,  including  balance  in  the 
Treasury  June  4,  1822,  amounted 
to  $63,752  67.  Of  this  sum,  $30,- 
237  09  were  paid  for  salaries  and 
other  current  expenses  of  govern- 
ment, for  expenses  of  the  session  in 
1822  ,  and  other  items  of  expendi- 
ture amounting  to  about  $14,000 — 
leaving  cash  balance  in  the  Treas- 
ury Jur'e  4,  of  $18,!;34  82.  The 
available  funds  of  the  state,  not  em- 
braced in  the  above  account,  con- 
sist of  notes  and  bonds,  stock  in  the 
U.  S.  funds  and  bank  stock,  and 
amount  to   $1S1,555  40. 

STATE  PRISON. 

The  annual  report  of  the  officer 
at  the  head  of  this  institution  makes 
us  acquainted  with  its  situation. 
It  is  a  source  of  public  gratification 
that  while  other  penitentiaries  are 


very  expensive  to  their  different 
slatcs,ours  may  he  a  source  of  prof- 
it in  a  pecuniary  view,  beside  the 
advantages  resulting  from  the  re- 
straint it  imposes  upon  offenders 
against  the  peace  and  welfare 
of  society.  It  appears  from  the 
statement  of  the  warden,  that  the 
whole  expenditures  for  the  year 
ending  May  31,  1823,  incuiredfor 
food  and  clothing  of  convicts,  hire 
of  watchmen,  overseers,  txclusive 
of  the  salary  of  the  warden,  amoun- 
ted to  $3,124  46  ;  and  that  the  in- 
come for  the  same  period  accruing 
chiefly  from  the  labor  of  the  con- 
victs and  from  the  enhanced  value 
cf  the  materials  wrought  by  them, 
is  computed  at  $4,393  28  :  leaving 
a  balance  in  favor  of  the  institutioa 
of  $1,208  82.  Deducting  from  this 
balance  £800,  the  salary  of  the 
W.irden,  there  will  lemain  after 
defraying  all  expenses,  a  net  gain 
of  $4G8  82.  The  average  number 
of  convicts  for  the  past  year  is  stat- 
ed by  the  Warden  to  be  58.  The 
whole  expense  foi  provisions  for 
the  year  is  $827  42  -or  a  little 
more  than  $14  to  each  convict. 
The  system  of  reform  introduced 
some  years  since  into  this  institu- 
tion, has  been  attended  with  such 
complete  success,  that  the  expense 
of  feeding  and  clothing  the  con- 
victs now,  is  less  than  one  half  the 
sum  required  for  that  purpose  four 
years  ago  ;  and  the  instHution,  in- 
stead of  making  considerable  de- 
mands on  the  Treasury, has  become 
a  sourceof  revenue.  This  favorable 
result  is  imputed  partly  to  the  re- 
duction in  the  prices  of  provisions, 
&c.  but  principally  to  the  enter- 
prize  and  vigilance  of  the  War- 
den. The  amount  of  property  at 
the  commencement  of  the  year  in 
the  various  departments  of  (he 
prison,  consisting  of  provisions, 
raw  :.naterials,  manufactures,  &c. 
was  $5,960  03;  anrf  the  amount 
due  from  individuals,  on  notes  and 
accounts,  is  $7,549  62— making-  to- 
gether a  sum  exceeding  13,500  be- 
longing to  the  slate  and  now  de- 
voted to  their  use.     So  favorable 


62 


Appendix. 


has  been  the  resall,  ciiat  oftbe  sum 
of  $2000  appropriated  (o  the  use 
of  the  Prison  the  la&t  vcar,  no  part 
has  been  drawn  frotn  the  Treasury. 

The  annual  return  of  the  Ad- 
jutant and  Inspector  General,  ex- 
hibits an  ag-gregate  of  light  infan- 
try, grenadiers,  infantry  and  rii3e- 
meu,  of  -  -  -  25,333 
Cavalry  ►  -  1,903 
Artillery,         -         -    1,542 

Total,  $28,778 

Including!:  the  general  and  regi- 
mental staff. 

The  Adjutant  General  states 
that  the  regimental  and  most  of 
the  company  returns  were  made 
within  the  time  prescribed  by  law. 
The  quarter-masters  had,  however, 
neglected  to  make  returns ;  and 
we  believe  are  still  delinquent 
in  some  instances.  The  Adjutant 
General  states  that  the  expense 
of  the  militia  is  considerably  di- 
minished, and  that  hereafter  small 
appropriations  will  be  necessary. 
It  also  appears  that  the  saving  to 
the  state  in  the  expense  of  music- 
al instruments  alone,  by  the  pres- 
ent system,  is  no  less  than  $1000 
per  annun<.  The  militia,  under 
its  present  organization,  is  rapidly 
improving  in  effective  force  and 
discipline.  In  the  language  of  a 
committee  of  the  legislature,  there 
exists  "  an  admirable  degree  of 
system,  regularity  and  order  from 
the  office  of  the  Adjutant-Gener- 
al down  to  fhatof  an  orderly  ser- 
geant of  a  military  company." 
The  committee,  who  entered  into 
a  very  minute  examination  of  the 
affairs  of  the  militia,  noticed  with 
^'  regret  that  a  sentiment  is  abroad 
in  the  land  unfriendly  to  the  char- 
acter and  usefulness  of  the  present 
militia  system.  It  could  not  (say 
they)  have  been  supposed  that  this 
sentiment  should  have  found  its 
way  into  the  limits  of  our  own 
State,  and  that  a  portion  of  our 
own  citizens,  respectable  for  their 
talents  and  their  patriotism,  should 


be  tbuud  among  the  number  oj' 
those,  who  advocate  the  abolition 
of  the  system,  as  hostile  to  the  best 
interests  of  tlie  community  ;  and 
it  may  be  questioned  whether  this 
opposition  does  not  proceed  more 
from  a  disinclination  and  unwil- 
lingness to  comply  with  the  pioper 
requirements  cf  our  mihtia  laws, 
than  from  any  well  settled  convic- 
tion of  the  general  inutility  of  the 
system." 

"  In  a  state  like  ours,  possessing  such 
a  variety  of  interests,  wliich  may  re- 
quire the  protection  of  the  strong  arm 
of  the  militia,  it  cannot  he  the  dictate 
of  wisdom,  by  any  measures  to  weaken 
the  efficiency  of  that  force.  In  the  lan- 
guage of  a  distinguished  officer  of  the 
revolution,  the  militia  system  should  be 
considered  as  the  safeguard  of  freedom, 
and  with  its  destruction,  the  liberties  of 
our  country  will  cease.  It  is  a  truth, 
that  offensive,  hostile  operations  are 
contrary  to  the  genius  and  repugnant  to 
the  spirit  of  the  great  chart  of  Ameri- 
can liberty.  A  government  like  ours, 
which  derives  its  bone,  its  marrow,  its 
nerves  and  its  sinews  from  the  sovereign 
people  has  little  capacity  for  the  prose- 
cution of  an  offensive  war. 

"  The  militia  system  is  a  system  of 
practice.  To  render  it  efficient,  it  is  of 
the  first  imuortance  that  those,  and  those 
only,  should  be  commissioned  as  officers, 
who  feel  the  pride  and  the  honor  attach- 
ed ti  their  stations,  they  should  also  be 
distin:!uished  for  military  intelligence 
and  practical  knowledge.  If  there  is 
among  the  commissioned  officers  of  our 
militia  a  wantofaryof  those  proper 
feelings,  or  of  that  information  so  ne- 
cessary to  constitute  a  good  and  an  use- 
ful officer,  it  is  not  to  be  expected  that 
a  military  corps  of  any  description  will 
flourish  under  his  administration. 

"  Trainings,  whether  by  conipanies 
or  by  regiments,  are  but  a  part  of  the 
drill  system,  and  if  it  is  wise,  if  it  is  pru- 
dent to  have  "  a  well  regulated  militia," 
it  is  in  the  opinion  of  the  committee  in- 
dispensable that  those  composing  this 
force,  should  be  well  trained  to  the  use 
of  arms — that  they  should  be  familiar 
not  only  with  the  manual  exercise, 
but  with  the  various  and  approved  evo- 
Utions  in  marching — that  they  should 
be  trained,  and  exercised  in  compa- 
nies and  regiments,  and  in  this  way  they 
would  acquire  a  confidence  in  each  oth- 
er, which  would  be  influential  and  high- 
ly beneficial  when  called  to  active 
dutv." 


Appendix* 


63 


The  committee  very  ingreniously 
controvert  the  arguments  made 
«se  of  for  changing  tlie  present 
«3-6tein  : 

"  Among  otlier  tilings,  it  is  said  by 
tlio-'.e  wlio  advocate  ilie  reduction  of  the 
number  of  trainings,  that  ignorance  and 
a  want  of  discipline  are  so  manifest, 
■'lat  no  reliance  whatever  is  placed  on 
die  militia.  So  far  from  this  circum- 
stance famishing  an  aigumeut  in  favor 
of  diminishing  the  number  of  trainings, 
the  committee  would  remark,  that  if 
such  is  the  character  of  any  portion  of 
our  militia,  the  existence  of  such  de- 
fects, forcibly  suggests  the  propriety  of 
adding  to  the  number  of  company 
trainings,  as  the  means  of  acquiring  that 
practical  knowledge  and  discipline  ;  and 
whicli  would  iu  effect  relieve  that  ]5ar- 
ticularpart  of  the  militia  from  sucli  an 
imputation.  The  committee  feel  a  confi- 
dence, that  to  reduce  the  number  of  com- 
pany trainings  would  in  cfiect  diminish 
the  number  of  arms--many  whose  i.ames 
are  now  entered  on  the  rolls  of  our  mi- 
litia would  elect  to  pay  the  fines  pre- 
scribed by  law,  rather  tlian  to  incur  the 
expense  of  supplying  themselves  witii 
guns  and  performing  the  requisite  ser- 
vices. Th3  penal  exactions  of  our 
statutes,  when  compared  with  other 
charges  and  expenses,  would  be  «o  in- 
considerable, that  it  is  much  to  be  fear- 
ed, siiould  the  number  oftrainings  be  re- 
duced, the  subsequent  returns  of  your 
Adjutant  General  would  exhibit  an  ag- 
gregate of  soldiers  without  muskets, 
bayonets,  or  any  of  the  requisite  e- 
quipments. 

"  To  lessen  llie  number  of  company 
trainings  or  regimental  musters,  would 
destroy  that  military  ardor,  that  high 
and  honorable  pride  among  officers,  with- 
out whicli  our  nrilitia  would  cease  to  ex- 
ist. The  committee  are  sensible  of  the 
considerations  wliich  induce  individuals 
to  accept  offices  of  trust  and  honor  in 
our  militia,  the  di-;charge  of  the  duties 
of  which  is  attended  with  the  sacrifice 
of  so  mucli  time  and  treasure.  And  the 
committee  are  also  sensible  of  the  influ- 
ence which  officers  deservedly  have  and 
which  they  must  liave  in  forming  the 
character  and  maintaining  the  practical 
utility  of  our  militia  system. 

"  Not  less  than  one  hundred  and  fifty 
rndp|)endent  and  uniformed  companies, 
well  officered,  completely  armed  and 
equipped,  now  exist  in  this  State,  which 
should  occasion  require  misrht  be  collec- 
ted and  organized,  and  which  would  af- 
fbrd  a  sure  defence  against  the  cncioach- 
ments  of  any  enemy.  Diminish  the 
number  of  company  trainings— let  the 


Legislature  of  New-Hampshire  speak 
but  such  a  discouraging  language  to  the 
IMilitia,  and  that  spirit  which  went 
abroad  exerting  its  influence  so  success' 
fully  in  raising  and  perfecting  such  mili- 
tary corps,  will  at  once  be  humbled  and 
mortified,  if  not  extinguished." 

One  of  the  ;^reatest  evils  against 
which  our  militia  has  had  to  con- 
tend, is  the  repeated  changes  in 
the  system.  The  want  of  stabili- 
Ij'  has  discouraged,  if  not  preven- 
t*;d,  ail  improvement  ;  and  now 
that  a  regular  system  is  adopted, 
we  hope  a  fair  trial  will  be  made 
of  it,  before  it  is  changed, or  otlicr 
provisions  are  introduced  which 
will  destroy  its  order  and  useful- 
ness. 

AfiRlGUr.TURE.  &C. 

We  extract  the  folJowing  re- 
marks from  the  leport  of  the  com- 
mittee on  agriculture  and  manu- 
factures, to  the  legislatirre. 

"  The  capital  stock,  which  is  now 
vested  in  manufactures,  and  which  Is  in- 
creasing with  unparalleled  rapidity  both 
from  the  enterprize  cf  our  citizens,  and 
from  the  increased  demand  for  Ameri- 
can manufactures,  will,  it  is  conceived, 
soon,  if  it  does  not  now,  demand  some 
legislative  provision,  by  which  the  stock 
so  vested,  .shall  be  made  subject  to  an 
uniform  and  equitable  taxation,  and  be 
made  to  defray  a  part  of  the  expences 
of  the  government,  by  which  it  is  pro.- 
tected.  The  exemption  of  any  portion 
of  property  from  a  just  and  equal  taxa- 
tion, amounts  to  an  additional  tax  on 
the  property  not  exempted.  And  if 
n;anufactures  be  exempted  in  part  from 
taxation,  the  tax  must  fall  on  agricultur- 
al portions  of  the  conmiunity.  This  un- 
equal operation  of  the  laws  the  com- 
mittee  believe  is  neither  consonant  with 
tiie  principles  of  our  constitution  nov 
consistent  with  the  policy  of  this  gov- 
ernment. From  inquiries  on  the  sub- 
ject which  have  been  instituted  by  the 
committee,  ii  ajjpears,  that,  in  a  neigh- 
boring state,  in  which  is  situated  a  man- 
ufactory at  present  unrivalled,  either  in 
Kurop?  or  America,  for  the  perfection  of 
its  fabrics,  all  machinery  is  by  law  ex- 
empted from  taxation  ;  tliat  all  real  es- 
tate is  taxed  as  the  real  estate  of  an  in- 
dividual, and  all  other  taxable  property, 
horses,  stock  on  band,  &:c.  &c.  is  taxed 
like  any  other  taxable  property,  and 
that  those  who  own  shares  are  taxed 
for  them  as  personal  property  in  the 
town  where  such  owners  reside.  This 
last    provision   of  the   law  relative    fn 


64 


Appendix, 


I 


taxation  in  Massachusetts  does  not  ap- 
pear to  he  just ;  towns  in  which  larg,e 
manufactories  are  situated  are  from  that 
circumstance  exposed  to  have  the  num- 
ber of  their  paupers  vcr}'  much  increas- 
ed and  to  be  subject  to  the  grievous  bur- 
dens of  an  exorbitant  poor  tax  ;  for  which 
they  ouglit  to  receive  some  indemnity 
from  the  source  of  tiie  increased  ex- 
pense ;  and  this  can  be  secured  to  them 
only  by  taxing  the  shares  in  the  towns 
where  the  tactories  are  situated. 

"The  Turkey  wheat  from  wliich  is 
raised  the  Leghorn  straw,  has  recently 
been  introduced  into  tliis  Stale,  and  ex- 
periments are  now  making  in  many  pla- 
ces to  ascertain  whether  we  can  raise  it 
in  that  degree  of  perfection  which  af- 
ford fabrics  suited  to  the  capricious 
fashions  of  our  fair  friends.  It  is  ar- 
dently to  be  wised  that  the  enormous 
annual  expenditures  for  the  foreign  ma- 
terials, may  be  prevented  by  the  perfec- 
tion and  beauty  of  our  own  manufac- 
tures. 

"  Among  the  various  objects  tending 
to  advance  the  interest  of  agriculture, 
your  committee  are  unanimously  of 
opinion  tlial  the  agricultural  survey  of 
the  staU.,  conducted  by  suitable  persons, 
would  be  productive  of  the  greatest 
good.  Experience  has  proved  in  neigh- 
boring states  that  agricultural  surveys 
have  had  a  most  beneficial  influence. 
They  were  first  instituted  by  the  munifi- 
cence of  a  private  individual :  and  the 
examples  oi  that  illustrious  citizen  has 
been  followed  with  avidity  and  success 
by  others.  The  great  object  of  the  far- 
mer, viz.  an  acquaintance  with  the  na- 
ture of  our  own  soil,  and  witli  the  prac- 
tical results  of  experience,  are  attained 
with  greater  certainty  by  this  method, 
in  which  it  is  made  the  duty  of  some 
persons  to  collect  and  report  those  facts, 
than  by  any  other  mode.  The  different  - 
modes  of  culture  for  the  same  crop,  on 
similar  soils,  in  different  parts  of  the 
state,  are  tlius  made  known  ;  the  results 
of  the  experience  of  different  farmers, 
which  are  of  the  highest  value,  are  thus 
drawn  out  from  those  who  would  never 
voluntarily  connnunicate  their  practical 
knowledge  and  disseminated  through 
the  community  by  means  of  the  press. 
In  conducting  such  surveys,  much  val- 
uable knowledge,  which  may  be  consid- 
ered as  incidents],  would  be  acquired  ; 
ores,  beds  of  lime,  of  plaister  and  other 
mineral  riches  might  be  developed,  and 
our  medicinal  springs  tested  and  exam- 
ined, and  much  information  of  general 
interest  acquired." 

With  this  view  the  committee 
veeomtneoded  the  passage  of  a  re- 


solve authorizing'  aa  agTicijUur- 
al  survey  of  the  state.  The  sub- 
ject, however,  was  aftfe. wards  post- 
poned to  the  next  kgisiatu.e. 

BOAKD    OF    jlGKiCXJi.TTJRE. 

"  The  institution  of  the  Board  of  Ag- 
riculture is  in  the  hightst  degree  ciidit- 
able  ti   the    state,  and  manitesis   in  tiie 
strongest  manner,  the   liberality  of  tlie 
legislature,  and  their  disposition  to   fos- 
ter and  protect  the  interests   of  the   far- 
mer; but  this  inst'tution,  so  laudable  in 
its    designs,   and    founder!    in  tlie    most 
patriotic  motives,  has  not,  in  its  present 
form  been  productive  of  that    practical 
benefit  for  which  it  was   designed  ;  this 
arises  from  the  structure  of  tiie   Board, 
and  the  experience   of  a  few   years    de- 
monstrates that  some  modification  in  its 
constitution  is   necessary  belore   it    can 
become    the    efficient    engine    of    agri- 
cultural    improvement.      By    a   recur- 
rence   to  the  act   respecting    the  Board 
of  Agriculture    passed    June  27,  1821, 
it  will  be  seen    that  the   Board  is  com- 
posed   of    delegates — one    from     each 
county  society,  and  that  they  are  cho- 
sen annually ;  tlie  number  is  therefore  so 
small  that  the   formation  of  a  quorum  is 
always  a  subject  of  doubt,  and   if,  as  at 
the  last  session  of  the  Board,   not  more 
than  one  half  the  delegates  attend,  bus- 
iness is  retarded,  and,   from  a   laudable 
reluctance  in  assuming  all  the  responsi- 
bility, nothing  is  effected    in  that   ener- 
getic,   prompt   and     decisive     manner 
which   the  interests  of  agriculture  de- 
mand.    No  systematic  measures  for  im- 
provement can  be  adopted  and  pursued 
by  the  Board,  while  its    members   hold 
their  scats  by  the    precarious   tenure  of 
annual    elections ;  an    individual    and 
personal  interest  is  no  sooner   excited 
than  it  is  destroyed  ;  no  permanent  ad- 
vantage can  be  derived  from  a  policy  so' 
fluctuating.     The  evi's  inscjjarahly  con- 
nected with  the  present   constitution  of 
the  Board,  can  be  obviated  by  enlarging 
its  powers,  increasing  its  numbers   and 
giving  to  its  members,  powers  similar  to 
those  of  corporations,   but  at  the    same 
time  preserving  in  the  hands  of  the  gov- 
ernment such  a  degree   of  control  that 
the  members  of  the  Board,  shall  at  all 
times  feel  sensible"  that  tliey  are    public 
servants.      This    Board    sliould  be  au- 
thorized and  directed  to  establish  a  Mu- 
seum,  in   which    should     be   deposited 
models  of  agricultural  implements  and 
other  objects    tending  to  illustrate   the 
progress  of  agriculture  and  elucidate  its 
principles  ;  such  a  museum,  open  at  all 
times  to  the  inspection  of  the  members 
of  tlie  legislature,  would  not  only   he  a 
rallying  point  for  the  Board  and  give 


ApjHndix. 


G5 


ihcrti  a  Incal  linliitHiion  as  well  as  a 
D'-miP,  Ijiit  it  woislil  iilso  l)<3  prc'ckiclivi-  of 
a  most  tieni'ficial  etftct  by  pioiupily 
(lifTusing,  tlirougli  the  most  ilisiaiu  p;>rt 
of  the  state,  a  knowledge  ol  the  iui- 
prnvriiients  in  agiiiulture. 

"  Tlie  economical  form  and  rapid  dif- 
fusion of  the  piiblicaiioos  of  a  iJoard 
of  agriculture  is  higlily  desirable  ;  llicre 
raw  be  no  doui)i  I'lal  cheaj)  agricnitiiral 
tracts  will  be  pro'luctive  of  more  good, 
and  be  more  generally  lend,  than  the 
more  expensive  and  lormidaide  pam- 
phlet; such  tracts  would  in  most  instan- 
ces defr-.y  tli6  expense  of  their  publi- 
cation." 

It  it.  (o  n^  rcjTieltciI  (liot  (lie  leg- 
islature bhoiilil  have  dcenied  i;  :\d- 
visabic  to  wlllihold  furtlicr  aid  to 
IliG  Board,  even  ihoug-)!  it  miy  not 
be  pt'ifect  in  i'.h  sjstf.in  of  organ- 
ization. Its  influence  h  is  und.'iibt- 
edlv  been  sahitiii;,  and  it  is  a  mut- 
ler  of  surprize  tiiat  a  di?p-  silion 
seems  to  be  g-.tning  ground  I-) 
crn«h  it  in  tlio  bud,  ere  a  fair  Jrial 
can  bave  tested  i'.s  utility  to  the 
wb'^Jc  state.  A  resolve  appropria- 
litig  igoSO  for  (he  use  of  the  Agri- 
<?iiitural  Societies,  though  it  en- 
countered mucb  opposit'co,  finally 
passed  both  liousss  of  the  legisla- 
ture. But  tbroiigh  some  unac- 
countable neglect  or  accident  this 
resolve  was  not  presented  to  the 
Covernor  for  his  af  probation  ! 
fjlreal  fn':lt  lies  syrrie^vliere.  The 
evil  it  occasions,  will  be  extensive- 
ly felt  ;  and  the  loss  of  this  smalt 
pittance  will  go  far  to.vards  embar- 
labsiiig,  if  not  linally  overthrowing 
owr  Agiiculturai  Societies.  TIjc 
policy  of  .^fTording  encourage- 
tnciit  to  sgricultUTC  and  domestic 
manufactures  by  grants  from  \.)'.c 
public  treasury  fo  ou:- agiicuitui.;! 
oocietics  has  Icr  some  timeeticoun- 
tcitid  a  poweitnl  and  increasing 
opp.,sition  in  tlie  bouse  of  represen- 
tatives. I'l  lC2i  the  Senate  unan- 
imously, auvl  the  Ho'!^x,  H'C  to  86, 
voted  an  appiopri.ition  cf  g5C0  for 
the  H<!C  of  the  Agncnlti/ral  Socie- 
ties, and  $-50  for  that  of  the  Board 
of  agriculture.  la  1822,theSenate, 
1 1  to  i.nr.arle  a  similar  grant,  but 
the  llor-sc,  118  to  70,  refused  the 
former  sum,  and  agreed  to  the  lat- 

9— 


ter  by  about  the  same  mniori ly. 
What  may  appear  surprising  to 
s'lme  is,  that  ttie  slrorgest  oppo- 
sition t.j  it  in  tlic  Itouse  was 
among  \.\\cpra(tical  Jarmere.  We 
know,  however,  that  many  very  ri- 
tolligcnt  and  cntcrrriMug  -.igicul- 
turaiists  are  its  wannest  advocates. 

i"\!AM.l'A(TUH.KS. 

We  state  Ui'  the  iniormiitiuD  of 
those  who  leel  an  interest  in  the 
prospttity  of  American  manufac- 
tures, that  at  the  last  session  of  our 
legislature  t!ie  following  nianufac- 
tuiing  compaiics  were  incorpora- 
ted, viz. 

Great  Falls  Mnnufiicturmg  Com- 
pany at   Someisworth,  for   cotton 
and  woollen  goods,  &c.  capi- 
tal $500,000 
New-?.Ia>ket  manf.  Co.— 

cotton  goods,  &c.  600,000 

Union  manf.  Co.  at  Peter- 
borough— cotton,  wool, 
flax,  &c.  100,000 

Dover  manf  Co.—  cotton 
and  woollen  goods,  &o. 
caiital  enlarged  from 
50,000  to  1 ,000,000 

Portsmouth   Sugar   liefin- 

irg  Co.  100,000 

Nashua  manf.  Qo. — cotton, 

woc'ien,  iron^,  &,c.  1,000,000 

Enficid  and  Leoanon  Iron 

manufacftry,  100,000 

Ilof  ksctt  manl.  Co. — wool- 
len and  cotton  goods,  &c.  200,000 
Cheshire  ma::f  Co.-al  Jaf- 

frey,  cotton,  goods.  &c.    150,000 
Smitlivill  •    Co    at    North- 
field— cotton  and   other 
goods  150,000 

Town  of  Merrimack  ma'tf. 
lor  mauiiLicttire  of  raw 
and  p!ei>arcd  materials 
into  goods,  wares  and 
merchandize  200,000 

Portsinoutb  Steam  Factrry 
— for  maniilhcluring  in 
ircn  and  other  metftl,and 
in  colion  and  wool  500,000 

FiiitC.fton  Mill  in  M6r- 
rimack,  cotton  and  other 
goods  250,000 

Lake  Manf.  Co.  at   Ches- 


6G 


Appendix, 


terfiiild— vaiious  cotton 

g-oods  150,300 


$5,000,000 
The  whole  amount  of  nominal 
cspilal,  it' will  be  perceived,  is 
about  five  nuHions,  but  v^c  cannot 
expect  tiial  any  tliir^  near  that 
aincunt  wiU  frr  seveiai  ^eais  be 
aciiiall3'  employed  in  these  estab- 
lisbsnenls. 

If  iiowever  any  rational  infer- 
ence can  be  drawn  from  l!ie  incor- 
poration at  a  si.')gle  session  of  so 
many  companies  with  such  iin- 
iDerise  'lomiusl  capitals,  it  is,  that 
our  factories  oow  iu  operation 
yield  a  grealei-  profit  than  most 
other  kinds  of  property.  Bat 
^viicthcr  or  not  this  piofit  is  such 
as  to  wamnt  the  investment  of  so 
much  additional  capital  in  jnunn- 
factiires  at  the  present  tiuu',  th^sG 
■who  are  mure  deeply  interes- 
ted than  ourselves,  ivilt  consider 
and  determine,  f-hould  all  these 
enterprises  r.nd  those  likely  to  fol- 
low them  prove  successful,  we  shall 
joyfully  hail  the  event  as  the  har- 
binger of  our  real  independence 
of  all  foreign  natwns.— Painri. 

LITERAftY  \uM). 

Tliis  fund  was  established  by  an  act 
of  the  Legislatuie,  passed  June  29, 
1321,  and  coiisisis  of  the  procerds  of  a 
tax  of  one  I  aU'ofone  pev  cent,  on  the 
anioun;  ot  tin-  capital  stock  o!  the  severed 
Banks  ii:  tliis  State.  The  rcdlwumg  is  the 
statement  of  the  Ci  nnrissionf  is  ol  th.e 
Fnnd,  exhibited  .at  the  late  session. 

The  State  of  New-Hampiliire    in    account 

7v/l/i  the  Commissioners  of  the   Litcraiy 
Fiiiifl. 

1822.  )  DR. 

Aiijj.  12.5  To  certificate  cf  U.  S.  six  per 
ci-iit.  stock  of  1815,  in  f.ivov  of 
N.  H.  Lit.  Fund,.  4,400  CO 

To  iiiJowance  of  7  1-4 
p.  1-  cent,  advance 
111  purchase  of  the 
samf.  319  00 

To  paid  for  broker- 
age, 11  CO 

1823.  ■) 

June  11.  5  To  c.ish  in  the  hnnda 
of  the  1  rcasurer, 
the  balance.  ."ijOOO  57 


do. 


66  CO 


1822.  »  CR. 

.tune  12  ^  jjy  amount  cash  re- 
ceived for  tux  on 
the  s>-vera!  Brnks 
in    this  state,  for 


«V30  57 


tli(  yt.-arl822,  4,770  37 

Oct.  1.       E)  (!i^  kUnd  of  inter- 
est in  U.S.  funds,  '  £6  CO 

1823.        7, 

•3 

April  1.  By  do.  do.         dn.  66  00 

June  11.  By  cash  received  for 

tax  on  scveriii  banks 

in  this  stilt.-  for  1823, 

as  foMovis ; — 
Exeter  B^mk  500  CO 

liockingiiani  Bank,  5Co  CO 

ChtsbireB!;nk,  5:0  CO 

K.  H.Binik,  565  20 

K.  M.  XJiiicnEank,  ■  750  00 
N.  H.  Stranblii  Bank,  448  00 
ConeordBank(.ST>ar]i:>.Mk)  1'^'9  00 
Coi.co!  d  P.ar.k,  (Kent)  300  00 
Giai'K.n  Kiink  500  03 

Porlsuiouth  Bank  5"0  CO 

47C2  20 


LEVI  WOODBURY,-) 
SAM1-.  SFARHAWK,  > 
AVM.  PICKERII^G,     J 


ic5P,730  57 
Coir.niis.fi'/v- 

Junt  11,  1823. 

A  cun  irnttee  of  (lie  Senate,  to 
whom  this  oubject  was  referred,  de- 
clined reeon. mending  any  specific; 
object  to  which  the  limd  siiojid  be 
at  pr;  sent  3|  picpriated. 

"  New-Hampshire,  with  a  population 
of  something  less  than  250,00(J  sorls, 
according  to  the  late  census,  pays  an 
annual  tax  oi' ninciy  Vnoitsimd  dvllat s 
for  the  support  of  conunou  free  schools; 
and  although  it  is  said  this  sun)  "  exceeds 
wliat  any  other  government  of  equal 
resources  raises  for  a  similar  jjurpose," 
sli!l  if  the  money  thus  raised  be  not 
properly  expended,  it  would  be  of  but 
liiile  use  that  we  could  make  this  boast. 
AVhcn  we  take  into  view  the  deep  in- 
terest the  community  have  in  the  faith- 
ful expenditure  of  this  money,  and  when 
moreover  we  consider  tliat  this  expendi- 
tuie  is  made  midtrthe  eye  of  these  most 
det  ),!y  interested,  it  n>ay  be  a  matter  of 
surpiize  that  any  of  the  salutary  provis- 
ions of  our  laws  on  this  subject  should 
be  disregarded,  yet  it  is  not  less 
tn;e,  that  they  are.  It  is  t'lerefore  be- 
iirvcd  tl  at  a  faithful  execution  of  ex- 
itiiji;  l;,\\s  directing  the  mode  in 
n  ;:i(  h  iliis  iv.oney  should  be  exjjended  is 
much  more  needed  than  additional  sta- 
tutes. 

"  In  regard  to  the  higher  branches  of 
literature,  it  may  be  observed  that  the  de- 
sire of  most  parents  to  have  their  sons  and 
daugliters  instructed  therein — the  ambi- 
tion of  our  youth  generally,  to  obtain 
knovvledge-tl.e  facility  with  which  it  may 
be  oijta'ned,  owing  to  the  number  of  acad- 
eipies  in  the  State,  endowed  by  wealthy 
individuals,  and  favoured  by  th.c  govern- 
ment— are  circumstances  auspicious  of 
great  inTprovement,  and  must  be  of  most 


Jlppct 


G7 


signal  IjciK'fit  to  society.  That  tUf  I,li- 
evHiy  Fu;.(l  iviiglit  \w  iliverteil  IVoiii  iiS 
orl.;'im!  ilcstiu  iiion  :iii(l  lie  iissliiily  np- 
])]ioil  lo  iiisiiiuiiuus  of  iliis  cliiuaclcr,  tir 
to  (idu'i's  that  mii^lit  be  iwiiii'il,  no  one 
will  (loiilx,  l)ut  tl>e  policy  ol'  suc;i  ;i 
moasuie  is  ruucli  douliicil. 

"  The  l:uv  which  givi-s  existence  to 
111!':  I'liiiil.  (ii'claiis  it  "  sliall  he  for  tlie 
Sv)lc  use  ami    purpose    of  eudowin;;  or 

i>>poiliii;4  a  college,  &(;."  ami  tiiat  it 
■  -.liill  nevei-  he  ap|»lie'lto  tin;  henelit  of 
;i.iy  ill'  lihUioR  wiiich  is  not  iiiider  the 
(lirecii'Ui  am!  coiUrol  ot  tlu'  State."  As 
we  have  hut  one  iustitiitiftn  of  t'le 
grrfile  of  a  college  witiiiii  our  limits,  it 
may  be  asked  why  we  do  not  approiiri- 
atc  thes.;  funds  to  the  use  of  that  ?  Toe 
answer  is — s'.ie  has'  refused  onr  protec- 
tion— she  has  denied  our  power  of  con- 
trol, hence  she  cannot  exjiect  from  us 
■  pareiilai  favors." 

The  committee,  in  conclusion,  express 
their  decided  Ojjinion  lliat  the  good  of 
the  State  requires  that  tlie  J\nid  he  suf- 
ii  red  to  accumulate  "for  years  to  come 
.•iL;iee.ihl>\to  the  provisions  of  the  law 
cre.".t!>;?  it.  They  do  not  doubt  that  a 
fund  alteady  considerable, accumulating 
at  the  rate  of  from  live  to  six  thousand 
''oilars  a  year,  with  regulations  to  ^ive 
11  a  pro;4ressive  increase,  will,  ai.ded 
perhaps  by  some  liberal  donations  from 
munificent  individuals,  if  from  no  oilier 
source,  at  a  period  not  greatly  distant, 
be  a  meansof  establishin.q;an  institution 
that  will  be  of  incalculable  benefit  to 
the  people,  be  an  ornament  to  the 
State,  and  in  short,  be  worthy  of  the 
enli°;htened  policy  that  dictated  the 
law." 

PRESERVATION   OF    FISH. 

Few  subjects  liave  oftencr  en- 
q'agcd  (iie  paternal  care  of  flie 
Jegisinliirc  that  Xhs  frescrvntion  of 
fish.  Fnnn  the  leport  nf  Mr.  Ha- 
ven to  llie  House  of  llcpresen'.a- 
lives,  we  gather  the  foUowiuij 
facts  : 

"  The  first  act  passed  in  this  State  to 
prevent  the  destruction  of  fish  was  in 
1754,  when  the  taking  of  alewives  in 
Cohass  brook  in  Denyfield  was  prol.ili- 
ited,  except  at  certain  times,  and  under 
certain  restrictions.  I'rom  tiiat  perioil 
to  the  present  time,  fifty  acts  have  been 
parsed  of  the  same  cla«;s,  namely  — 
"  From  1754  to -1764  ten  years  1  act 
17(>l  to  1774  -1 

1774  to  1784  7 

1784  to  1794  10 

171J4  to  1304  :{ 

1804  to  1814  ^ 


181-i  to  1S23  nine  years        22 


50 
•'  Of  these  acts,  14  liave  been  for  th.e 
preservation  of  salmon,  sh.?d  and  ale- 
wives  in  Merrimack  river  ;  3  for  shad 
and  salmon  in  Connecticut  river;  2  f>ir 
codfish  and  smelts,  bluefish  and  i;ass  in 
I'^scataqua  river  ;  2  more  (or  bass  alone 

XFascalaqua  river  ;  1  for  salmt.n  in 
mmonoostiek  river  ;  1  for  fish  in  Asliu- 
elotriVer;  2  for  alewives  iu  I'Jxeter  riv- 
er ;  3  for  alewives  in  Cotiass  brook  ;  G 
for  lis!i  in  v.irious  small  streams  ami 
brooks,  aad  IG  for  small  lish  in  i-oa-ds." 

Of  these  acts  it  is  stated,  tiiat  t> 
have  been  repealed  altooediT, 
aiui  the  fislicries  made  free;  1'.'. 
repealed,  and  siibstitufcs  enacted  : 
3  expressly  repealed  in  part  ;  ti 
expired  by  their  own  linnitation  ; 
and  2.')  remain  on  the  statute  book 
as  slill  i.i  force.  Of  tliose  So, 
still  unrepealed,  it  is  thoii^-ht  more 
tlinn  one  half  liave  became  obso- 
lete, nr  are  altogether  disrof^arded. 

"The  first  act,  on  record,  for  the  pre- 
servation of  fish  in  Merrimnck  river  was 
passed  in  1764,  and  was  the  second  of 
the  kind  ee.acted  in  the  Sta*e.  It  ap- 
pears that  it  did  not  pass  without  oppo- 
sition ;  and  that  its  wisdom  was  much 
doubted.  A  remonstrance  aj^ainst  it  was 
presented  to  the  Leiiislaturc,  signed  by 
three  hundred  and  Jifty-sevrn  persoy^s, 
inhabitants  of  Londonderry,  Chester, 
Derryfieid,  B;Mlford,  Goffestown,  Slarks- 
town,  rembrook  and  Pcnnycook,  in 
which  they.  "  pray  tiiat  the  fisbiiij;  at  the 
falls  in  said  river  may  not  be  restrained 
in  any  measure,  but  that  the  same  mpy 
remain  free,  as  it  hath  been  hitherto." 
The  remonstrants  however  consent  thai 
the  salmon  fishery  may  he  restrained  a 
part  of  the  year. 

"  Of  I'le  fourteen  acts  passed  for  the 
preservation  of  salmon,  shad  'avA  ale- 
wives in  Merrimack  river,  several  b.-'- 
!;in  as  follows  : — "  Whereas  the  act  to 
•  whieli  this  is  an  addition  has  not  bcfn 
fijvnd  to  answer  the  purpose  for  n-hldi 
it  irns  intended,"  or  words  lo  that  effrct ; 
and  it  appears  that  the  cxpeiiinent  na* 
made  for  the  fuurleenth  time,  se  late  as 
the  year  1820  ;  the  experience  of  fifty- 
six  years,  and  thirteen  previous  trial--, 
not  having  yet  taught  l'..e  way  of  kee,.- 
insr  •'  salmon,  shad  and  alewives"  in 
Merrimack  river  liy   operation  of  law  ! 

"The  acts  passed  for  the  preservation 
of  fish  in  Pascataqua  river,  were  liniii- 
ed  to   tlu"ee  or  five   vCavs.  and  if  doe» 


68 


Appendix, 


not  appear  tliat  any  alicmpt  was  made 
to  renew  tliem."  ~ 

COUNTV    EXPENDITURES. 

Frnin  a  report  made  to  (heHor.se 
of  ll'.'presentalives  on  tfiis  subject, 
wc;  ;,'?-f.her  the  followinnf  particu- 
lars, which  are  worthy  of  preser- 
vation : 

Pursu:?ntf:o  the  requisitions  of  a 
resolve  of  the  Lpgislp.luie,  passed 
in  18i2,  returns  of  expenditures 
were  received  from  five  of  the 
eouiilir's  of  t*HS  Slate,  as  exhibited 
ia  the  foilowia? 


TABf.E. 

E  1-^  s-'S  si"?  £'.?  2  ^-•''.'s  C.S.  ^^^  S 
s'-."  "^s.S?"  ^s"5"  s''^  S,^  ^."^ 


■"  5  -:  rj 

o  -  -^  ° 

,5  i.  5 


r  2  2      'i  -  • 


o " 


o 

Sg 

si 

-^ 

O 

cr. 

o  ^ 

3  a 

o 
o 

5  S 

-4  ^o 

LO   4^ 

(C   CO 

M 

•u 

O   1-   M 

o  .;^  o 

o  -■ 

3 

o 

1-  to  -J 

tn 

CO 

£  S 

H-    OJ 

r>  CO 

^  o 

tn  C/5 

ii 

S 

s 

O 
O 

M  ii 

Ji-  Oi  CO  -^ 

M  o  w  o 

o 

o 

.1^ 

MC^ 

c- 

£ 

o 

ti 

"  M 

S 

-1 

to 

Sfe 

Oi   ^ 

o 

o 
o 

^i<  o, 

to  4^ 

oi 

o 

o  — 

sf 

o 

w 

SS 

ss 

s 

M 

CJ  -4  "  §.  ='■ 

Ol  O  CO  ci  S 

yi 

s 

-J  o 

Co  kl. 

2 

o 

o 

M 

g2 

X  ^ 

CT.  S. 

O 

i 

^  o 

§ 

!2 

O 

O   c*- 

o  o 

,_,  ^1 

N)  O 

K-  Co  a.  ^* 
ib  o>  to  g^ 

to 

2g; 

o 

"1 

o  o 

-o  -3 

~I  o 

s 

4- 

^ 

o 

-J  to 
<1  o 

-p 

I    -(  O  !n  t^  Oi  O  CS 


-T.  ^j  ,  -  •-  tx  C,  ?.  -ji   U»  ^  ta  crj  ^ 

c:.  -«»  _  eg  M  to  i-j  j»  (^  ^  to  Co  k 

p  p  C«  to  J^  -   4i.  -.  -4  to  0»  ( 


t  i.  ■C'  ^  O  ^'  ■u  ■■ 


COXJWTy  (jF  MKHSirMICK. 

One  of  ths  most  importttnt  acts 
psss'icl  at  tl)e  !nte  session,  is  that 
oreatioiTT  n.  nt-w  cou.Tv,  by  the 
nnme  of  ^Mi)iTitn'-<;k.  l\  a  pr'iced- 
ing- pa:.^-.-^  ...iU  be  (ound  a  sialisiical 
vic-ivoi  lb:;  c.jn!)!y,and  wo.  propose, 
in  a  future  ouoibar,  to  give  a  mi- 


nute   topographical  and  historical 
tlescripUo'j. 

STEAP.I     NAVIGATION     OF    THE    WIN- 
NEPISSIOGEE. 

An  net  was  passed  at  the  late 
session  incorporation  Jr-sepii  Smitii, 
and  his  associates,  by  the  n-iimeof 
tiie  "•'  Winnepissiog'ce  Lake  Steam- 
B'):it  Company,'''  for  tiie  puipose 
of  transporting-,  by  means  of  steam 
boats,  over  and  upon  the  waters 
of  the  Iniie,  passensjers,  goods, 
wares,  lumber,  &c.  &c.  The  coiFi- 
j)any  arc  invested  with  the  exclu- 
sive privilege  of  steam  navigation 
on  said  Lake  for  the  term  of  twen- 
ty  yeais  from  the  1st  of  April, 
1825;  provided  that  on  or  before 
the  Jst  of  May,  1825,  a  stcam-hoat 
or  ste?m-vesscl  shall  be  actually 
in  employ  en  the  said  Lake  ;  and 
shall,  during  the  boatir.g  season, 
be  in  corsstant  repair — due  allow- 
ances for  accidents,  &.c.  being 
made. 

JOURNALS    OF    THE    COMMITTEE    OV 
SAFETY. 

Among  the  papers,  &.c.  in  the 
office  of  t!u>  Secretary  of  Sta'c,  are 
the  records  of  the  Committee  of 
Safety  during  the  revolution.  A 
conmiittee  of  the  Lej>islature  was 
raised  to  inquire  into  the  expedi- 
ency of  publishing  them  ;  but,  up- 
on examination,  thoy  found  them 
to  contain  little  that  would  be  of 
general  utility,  and  recommended 
that  they  be  hound,  and  placed  at 
the  disposal  of  the  Historical  So- 
ciety. A  resolve  accordingly  pass- 
ed to  that  effect.  These  Journals 
comprise  six  manuscripts,  which 
are  all  in  a  good  state  of  preserva- 
tion. They  commence  on  the  19lh 
May,  1775,  and  end  May  29,  1784. 
We  have  already  made  sjute  ex- 
tracts from  these  Journals  ;  and, 
on  further  examination,  should  we 
find  other  interesting  facts  related 
in  them,  wc  may  publish  them. 

DEAF  AND  DUMU. 

No  public  measure  has  reflsctcd 
greater  honor  upon  our  Legisla- 
ture than  the  encouragement  giv- 
en to  this  unfortunate  class  of  be- 
ings The  sums  heretofore  appio- 
pnated  have  beea  distributed  in 


Appendix. 


6!) 


lifKircnt  proportions  amonj^  nine 
persons, n';<v  at  llic  AsvI'kii  in  Miirt- 
!bri!.     'l'!i'>  a'ivp.ntages    (o    tlic  nn- 
('jrtunate     cliildn^n     wliicli     arise 
tvom  tins  pecuMiiiy  :i?sislai)ce,  are 
inoaicuinblo.     Byit.  tlipy  arc  rais- 
ed (V"in  tlie  lowest  state  of  iiif  ninl 
fiullorinp^  io  a  ilepfrcc  of  usefulness 
jifiil  enj  iy""-'nt.    'I'u  lliobcncvolciit 
mind   Iheie   can   sc.ircely  Ije  pre- 
sented   5   more     afr^ctiiio;'   objcrt 
tiian  a  human    being-,   g-ifltnl    with 
tiioiiglit  and  intuition,  aul  -perhaps 
susceptible   of  all   tbe   finer   emo- 
tions of  our  nature — incapable  of 
pivin?*^  (hn?e  emotions  ulrerancc,or 
of  hearing;  the  accents  of  kindness 
or     conitn'seration    from     others. 
'I'iie  unhappy     youlli     beholds   on 
tvery  side  tlie  busy   iatercouiss  of 
moii — iic  watches  ttic   countenan- 
ces of    his   friends,   if  possible    to 
icarn  the  purport  of  their  coaver- 
sition.     If   it   be  joyous,    nature 
h.  :s    taught    him    the  ineaninpf  of 
sriiilcs — if  adverse,  he   kno»7s  it  by 
I  he  desponding;  look.     But  no  far- 
ther can  iie  penetrate.     Above  he 
heiioids  and  admires  tiie  wide  crea- 
ted heavetis  ;  and  although  ho  may 
not  c  imprehend,  imagines  tlie  un- 
bounded pleasures  of  the  worId,all 
centering,   as  he   ihinks,  in    those 
two  gifts,  hearing   and   speaking. 
Hut  naught  comes  near  to   disturb 
his    intellectual   reveries — no  hu- 
man voice,  warm  with  the  accents 
of  love  and   friend  hip,   can    pene- 
.'rate  the  melancholy   yecliision  of 
his  mind  ;  no  delightful  intercourse 
of  thought  and  conversation   can 
enliven    his    existence  ;     no   fond 
ide.'iS   of    relatives,  of  hnmc,    and 
liappincs^.  can  lie  c  imniunlcate  or 
receive,   SiVe   by   the  silent    laii- 
;X»age  of  the  eye,  or  the  more  dif- 
licnll  one  of  signs.     lie  is  alone  in 
the  world — in  a  wonderful,    but  si- 
lent wa'rte,  with,  no  resources  '.avo 
what  pity  \h  its  benignity   alTords 
him,  end  no  companion  but  tiu  un- 
lutnr^d  fancy.     Hcjv   noble    t^ici 
n  the  effjrt  to  relieve  the  anc-iiish 
of  su>'li  a  state  !  bow  iionorabic  to 
llio  philanthropic  lieart   to  aiTord 
the  means  I 


In  New.IIamp.sliire,  we  believe, 
there  are  nb^ut  forty  of  this  un- 
happy cl.vss  cf  brings.  Kino  only 
of  these  Invc  received  the  ass-st- 
aricc  of  the  iblatc,  ar'd  these  were 
selected  io  conseque'i-.o  boih  of 
their  acti\  ity  npd  deotitutc  circum- 
stances. For  two  vcars  the  .State 
has  appmprifited  $1000,  which  'las 
been  fail'.ifully  and  adv.iutagoiisly 
expended.  The  pcoplj,  we  are 
confident,  generally  approve  of 
this  measure  ;  and  we  confsss  llsnt 
it  was  not  without  shame  and  re- 
gret tun'  HO  lu.iii-oihe  r.ivcn  vi)ice 
of  oep:oitiun  c!i<;turb  the  philan- 
thrnpic  feeling  which  pervaded 
the  House  at  the  late  session. 

AD.IPUKNME.VT. 

Our  Legislature  anjonrned  early 
in  the  morning  of  July  3d,  after  a 
busy  s'jssion  of  f.nr  weeks.  But 
few  acts  of  i  pu'i'.ic  nnture  were 
passed  ;  and  as  those  have  been 
placed  before  ou"  revdcrs  in  sever- 
al public  jourin's,  we  rictd  not  no- 
tice thei'  proviiions.  The  number 
of  private  acts  passed  is  unuh:ir'!ly 
great,  and  thej-  nficessariiy  con- 
sumed a  considerable  portion  of  the 
session.  Much  time  was  also  em- 
ployed in  ihediT-ussir^n  of.";  bill 
in'rodiiced  by  Mr.  Athcrtcn,  of 
Amherst,  relative  to  iinprisonmetit 
for  debt,  k.c..  and  the  bill  was 
finally  lost.  A  bill  passed  the  Sen- 
ate for  re-estahiishing  the  court  of 
ccmtnon  pleas,  with  new  and  salu- 
tary iinpro\'ements ;  but  was  re- 
jected by  the  House.  The  L'.  gie- 
latore  this  year  possessed  n  ore 
than  an  ctdiTiarj'  degree  of  l.<!o.Tt. 
Some  of  our  most  fiisUngoished 
lawyers  and  literary  men  w^-re 
found  among  its  n'.embets.  And 
if  a  greater  ntirnb-jr  of  s(3fi;(^es 
than  usual  has  not  been  p:'SSoJ  ; 
much  bu^iine.'s  h;i",  cci  l.Tinly  bot-a 
transacted,  of  thil  kind  which 
must  always  nice  or  less  engross 
tlieattention  of  tiie  Logisl  iturf .  Xo 
qiiesiionhas  been  h.istilyaisf^isfd  cf; 
and  it  i-;  no  nic.in  praise  tosa;  ,  that 
they  have  been  wise  in  r  •.  lepris- 
lating  too  imtrh.  We  sutlVr,  not 
so  mucii  for  want  ol  laws,  as  from 


?0 


Jlppendii. 


ignorance  of  the  provisions  of  (hose 
exiotinj^,  and  from  their  partial 
execwlion. 

We  mentioned  at  the  beg^inning' 
of  this  article  that  the  legislature 
adjourned  ear/ J/  in  Ihemorning — we 
believe,  about  six  o'clock  !  This 
has  become  a  practice,  attended 
with  evil  consequences.  It  is  well 
known  that  ihe  period  of  adjourn- 
ment is  always  one  of  bustle  :  mem- 
bers are  preparing  to  depart,  pay- 
ing theirbills,  receivmg  their  dues, 
&,c.  The  day  previous,  though  it 
is  generally  attempted  to  close  the 
business  of  the  session,  many  things 
remain  "  undone,"  and  those  some- 
times of  weighty  importance.  They 
are  brought  fjiward  on  the  morn- 
ing of  adjournment,  and  itnstily 
disposed  of,  perhaps  with  litlle 
consideration.  Acts  niny  be  pass- 
ed of  pernicious  tcrjdtiicv  ;  aiid 
those  of  great  utility  rejected  or 
post^ooed.  We  ^vouid  instance, 
among  the  evils  occasioned  at  the 
late  session  by  this  extreme  haste 
in  adjournment,  the  loss  of  the 
agricidtural  appropriations,  and 
the  neglect  to  provide  a  salary  for 
the  Secretary.  It  may,  perhaps, 
be  convenient  for  members  to  de- 
part early,  and  it  would  be  pro- 
ductive of  no  evil,  were  it  made  a 
standing  rule,  that  no  L,iher  busi- 
ness than  the  mere  matter  of  ad- 
journment should  be  transacted  the 
last  day  of  the  session.  The  ad- 
ditional expense  of  $5U0  to  the 
State  by  an  hour's  useless  session 
in  the  morning,  thougii  unneces- 
sary and  improper,  is  by  no  means 
so  serious  an  evil  as  the  careless- 
ness and  indifference  which  are 
thus  encouraged  and  promoted. 
Dangers  may  creep  in  when  sus- 
picion is  asleep;  and  the  worst  of 
abuses  make  their  way  nnperceiv- 
ed,  when  the  "  camp"  is  about  to 
be  "  broken  up,"  and  the  "  council 
fire''  extinguished. 

SALARIES. 

The  following  is  a  table  of  sala- 
ries paid  by  the  State  of  New- 
Ilampsiiire,  to  the  different  officers 
of  government : 


1200 

00 

1^00 

00 

1200 

00 

800 

00 

600 

00 

300 

00 

10.00 

(50 

.  400 

00 

,  40 

00 

CO 


2  50 


1.  The  Governor,         $ 

2.  C'hiefJus.Sup.  Court 

3.  AssQCiatoJustices  do. 

4.  Attorney  General, 

5.  Treasurer, 

6.  Secretary,* 

7.  Warden  of  the  Slate 

Prison, 

8.  Adjutant^'  In^p.  Gen. 

9.  Commissary  General. 

10.  Pay  of  Counsclicrs, 

Senators  and  Rep- 
resentatives, per 
day, each, 

11.  President  of  theSon- 

ate.  Speaker  of  the 
House,  and  the 
clerks,  per  day, 

12.  Msmbers  of  (he  h^g-- 

isiature  also  re- 
ceive 10  cents  per 
mile  fur  travel  to 
and  from  the  place 
of  sitting. 


*A  portion  of  the  Representatives  at 
tlie  lati'  session  apjjearert  to  be  in  fnviu- 
of  reducing  tlic  salary  of  the  Secretary  ; 
anri  it  is  to  be  regretted  that  he  is  left 
without  any  provision  for  the  present 
year.  Wliile  the  State  should  guard 
against  extrnvagant  salaries  on  tlie  one 
hand,  ihey  shoHid  not  on  the  other  ri'- 
fuse  a  asonable  compensation  to  a 
meritorious  officer.  No  man,  wc  are 
persuaded,  ever  discharged  his  duties 
with  greater  promptness  and  fidelity 
than  the  present  Secretary,  Mr.  Spar- 
hawk.  It  is  better,  if  necessary,  to  pay 
a  high  salary,  and  liave  &  faithful  officer, 
than  to  have  an  incumbent  of  question- 
able talents  and  fidelit}^  and  pay  hiai 
demi-wages. 

Ordained  in  .AC  H.  In  Greenfield, 
June  11,  Rev.  Francis  Danforth. 
A.  M.  as  successor  of  Rev.  John  Wal- 
ker.—In  Rochester,  July  16,  Rev. 
Thomas  Cogswell  Upham,  A,  JvJ. 
as  colleague  with  Rev.  Joseph  Haven. 
Installed,  in  Pierniont,  July  2,  Rev. 
Robert  Blaice.  He  succeeds  Rev. 
Jonathan  Hovey. 


0::5"We  are  compelled  for  want 
of  room  in  the  present  number 
to  postpone  our  monthly  sum- 
mary of   foreign  intellig'cnce, 

to  the  No.  fpr  Sept. 


Jippcndix. 


71 


■  ^'  -  'i.  -','5 
~  1-.  -  =  -■■  '^ 

i«  •_  .-  c^-e 

</•-■=  <3    "^  i' 
r^'co  5    C    5    Ji 


—  —  o  _ 


■T?     E' ::  -  '^ 
'      „  e  —   . 


O       O      p       n       R  "jirf      73 

n--    o"    o-    s-    20;,  ©:;■    O 
=        -        -  i'  il  .-  0^      • 


w     -       r     r  —  ?  c: 


eg: 


.^^  §.^  3^  o^  f  r^^_  =^  o  4 


3        ^ 
£    °  5. 


5^    gV! 

C      y   c 


s     >< 


■-WS 


£  =  c  = 

la<!2  ^ 

°1? .. 


'3    05_  £- 


S-        r.    1     ^  C 


'  r-auj  (ij  :^  N>  00  «\j 


'  oo  t^  c^  ^^    o:) 


f^  (w    O  p    -p  p  p  p  p  p  p   —  p  p 

C  o  —  '~   =1  lo  O  O  O  C  Cr-  '.2  C  O 

c;  c  c  —  o  s  '-  J  o  o  c  m  '—  c 


c    o  o 
o    c  o 


K)  t<s  *-  CO  ]-s  ]0  ra  ^  *.  j(i.  4i.  *.  »-  ^    05     _05 
s  o  '-o  w  'c  "tr^  c'  cj<  Tti  *»  O'  C'<  c  o    1-3      Vs 


)  01  CJ5  -ji  CT  ce  ^  ^^  Ni/  ! 


_      _      --_,_.-     -      >i—  000JSjsJ3^-C^CO 

C  cr.  _-j  p  03  p  O-  '■^  ^"  ^  jS   OJ  ^  _0  4-  ;-! 

"—  'i-  ii  ii'  O  lo  1—  t-i  C  on  O  ;?    Oi  T  ''►-lO  0> 
c;^  '^  ^  O--  C^  -I  O  cc  C'  ^  ^  .^  •     (v^  •     c  fO  ^ 


ti<  to 

03  05 

O;  OT  i.-<  00  Oi  W  ^  CO  to  i,i  N<  C5  Oi  >t. 


-J  JO  ^^      to 


in  t-s  t^  -4  OI  OI  a>-05  C5  Oi  ^1  OI  y  -J  y  .*•  c  9''  ®  ^"^ 

05  O  TO  »-i<  OT  O  *4^  Vs  O". '~  C".  lO  CO  o  5  "c  if;  O: '— I  '-.y 

~i  *>■  -^  .;_  -^  -»  !i  w  —  Ji  03  -1  (3  o  -■  til  o  ^  -x>  o 

05  C>i  O  it  CC  »il  (;<  Oi  —  00  V.  O".  0-.  -J  =    —  3    O  CJi  ;0 


*.  p;  ta  OT  p  Ji  _*»  *•  w  j-i  ^  ■—  to  — ' 

^O  <!  '>U  'cO  til  -J  >--  "-i  "c  N>  Vl  (4  05  O 


P      C5  CO 

to    \ij  to 


»s  to  j—  c  J--  50  _-.!  hs  »o  p  cc  bs  a. 
i.  CO  ^  to  to  is  cc  05  '-D  w  *.  I-"  oi  la 
~-w'c;j^>So5SMli.uJo-.  to*k 


r  r:  f^  r^ 


O    "-  C^  CO 


f-'       O.  S     to  tn  CO  CO  >-'  hS  OI  05  K>  •-'  05  Ot  (S  M     »«        N) 

-•  a.  s'  -•   o  ^  -J  to  —  vo  ^1  —  O  '.o  ■—  *.  c;  >—     ^       CO 


—  ti^--Sto05tooo(>io3;,'C-.  05    ti) 
^1— ecN/0<O300tr>>— *.~iO500tO     ~J 


Oi  o  ~t. 


O  O     :-:     1*1  I 


T  3 

•T3    C 

c  s 


> 


o 

I 


5^ 


re 


0-. 


^ 


Jlntcdole. —  Jud^e  Br  ckenridg-e,  "  Sir,  I  am  not  so  great  a  scjuD'Jrel 

in  reprimanding' 3  critr.inr.',  rrjaong-    as   your   lienor takes   me   id 

otliei-  luird    nanus,  called  liitn    a  be.''     "  Put  your   words  closer   to- 

tcouudrel. — Tije  piisoncr  rejiiicd —  gether,'' said  the  judge. 


72 


Append, 


IX. 


MO^'TITLY  REGISTER  OF  DEATHS, 

WITH  CONCISE    BIOGRAPHICAL    NOTICES. 


In    An)liei«t,    Mass.    Jure    30,    Rev. 

ZEPUAKiAil     LWVIFT    Moi-iiF.,    D.     D. 

riesiileut  of  the  Amlieisc  Coilegrate  In- 
siUiition.  In  the  death  of  Dr.  JNlooie, 
iiOt  only  the  Institution  rA-er  wiiicli  lic 
I'l-f  siufii,  bt;t  scciety  I'as  sutTererla  great 
]ij:-s.  I'.is  lia.-i'.iiig,  i.iodf'iallon  and  wis- 
ila;>i  ■ir-oion  nioi  to  ;  e  '.f  j;rfat  service 
;.'■  ?i  ■  ,  'llfge,  and  )iif  ideiidly  inid  con- 
liesi-.i-iViir.g  ma;nieis  to  pcisons  of  all 
ranks,  greatly  endeared  liiiTi  to  the  cit- 
izens of  the  pkice,  where,  lie  resiac;!. 
lio  received  his  education  at  Dartmouth 
co'iii;;;e,  wliere  he  gvaduated  in  17'J3. 
He  c.oinr.ienced  lus  ministry  at  Leices- 
ter, Ms.  where  he  was  ordained  when  a 
younfT  iTiatv.  After  a  lapsp.  of  son^e  ye?.rs, 
iie  \v\r.  appointed  a  jrrofessor  of  Dait- 
niouiri  college,  and  reiraiued  in  tiiat 
ofiic- from  1811,  to  1':15.  About  the 
IriPt  'period,  he  was  ai  i^oiii'.cil  I'lesideiU 
of  '''.iirsaviis  collei!;e,  Wii'TC  he  re^.'-iiieil 
five  ye;i;s.  Oa  the  foiuuiaLiiui  of  tiie 
Amiierst  lusfiuifion,  lie  was  elected 
President.  Ti:e  sarisfactory  n.anner  in 
-W'ldch  l-.c  discharged  the  duties  of  ail 
those  various  oflices,  !  is  pieiy  and  irre- 
proachatile  life,  and  Ids  benevokiice  and 
industry  m-ide  an  imjnessioa  on  the 
niinds  of  every  one  vidio  had  the:  honor 
of  beir-a,  acquainted  with  him,  wliich  will 
lon^  remain  mixed  with  sorrow  and 
re;irct. 

In  Somers,  N.  Y.  Dr.  EmAS  Cohnk- 
Lirs,  fia,  a  patriot  and  sufferer  i:i  the 
war  of  Independence.  Ai  t'ne  aj^e  of  ZO, 
he  quit  the  place  of  ids  nativity,  on  Lting 
Island,  and  heing  r'-c  anmended  i)y  his 
instructor,  Dr.  S;:,ni'p:  Lathaii,  lie  went 
in  the  year  1777  to  Iscw- Vori;,  and  ch- 
tained  a  commission  of  Suv<;e(ni's  jVIaie 
in  the  2d  regiment  of  Ilhoile-Isiaud 
troops,  under  the  coramand  of  Col.  Is- 
rael Ange'.  lie  hid  not  been  l(!i!:;  in 
the  ar'v.y,  when  i.i))r>ii  occMfion  of  rccoii- 
noitering  tie  position  of  some  of  the 
•enemy's  forces,  !ie  was  taken  prisoner, 
and  carried  to  the  "Old  Fiov  i:-i"  j.iil 
in  New-York,  where  iie  suffered  almost 
incrediiilc  harth'ri  s  till  March,  I77f!, 
when,  with  .u.iest  couraje  and  prcseiue 
of  mind,  he  mule  his  e.-cape  ;  joined  the 
army  again,  a:id  continued  in  it  a  high- 
ly respected  officer,  till  the  close  of  17;!l. 
In  Ponsninu;!i,  Jtuie  24,  Capt.  Na- 
THANIKL  Kennard,  6S.  At  the  com- 
mencement of  the  war  of  the  revolution, 
lie  entered  as  a  vo!unteer,in  one  of  tlie 
first  regiments  in  Massachusetts,  for  the 
tena  of  one  year.  At  the  expiraticm  of 
that  engagement,  he  entered  on  hoard  a 
private  armed  vessel — was  captured,  car- 


ried to  England  and  kept  in  close  ccn- 
/inement  at  the  Mill  Prison  for  two  years 
and  a  quarter,  being  encouraged  witli  no 
other  prosjiect,  than  a  still  protracted 
confinement,  or  a  termination  of  it  by 
being  hanged  as  a  rebel.  Tjience  he 
was  sent  j,o  France  in  a  cnrtil,  where 
oil  the  '20th  April,  1779,  he  entered  on 
board  the  Bon  Homme  Richard,  under 
the  celebrated  John.  Paul  Jones,  and 
was  with  him  in  some  of  the  most  des- 
perate enteriirizes,  in  which  that  com- 
mander v.as  enz.Tged.  Frjiii  iliat vessel 
he  was  i;ut  on  bo^ud  a  ;<rize  and  order- 
ed for  France.  Ife  was  again  captured 
and  carried  into  Hull  in  the  noith  of 
England,  transported  to  Spithe.ad,  put  on 
board  the  Unicom  fiiu,atc  and  compelled 
to  do  duty  unlli,  at  the  eminent  hazard 
of  ills  iife,  he  escaped  in  the  Islaad  cl 
.f.imucia.  Thence  he  reiir  tied  to  Amer- 
ica, a  little  before  the  close  of  the  war. 
/.fterthe  peace  of '8:5,  he  en^ng'.^d  in  the 
merchant  service  and  continued,  a  reput- 
able siiip  master  until  near  the  com- 
mencement of  the  late  war,  when  be 
was  appointed  b_v  govenniieut  lo  the 
command  of  a  Revenue  Cutler  and  con- 
tinued in  the  saiiie  ic  t)ie  cloj^e  of  the 
v»-ar.  Afii'r  tl.iit  jiCiiod,  until  his  death, 
he  was  (inployed  as  an  Ir.sjjcctor  of  the 
Customs  at  this  port. 

In  Bane,  Ms.  Dr.  Ephr^  tr.i  Crooks, 
a  native  of  Concord,  Ms.  long  an  eniii;- 
ent  physicirai  of  the  former  ])lace,  but 
lor  several  years  an  invaliii  in  ctinse 
qucnce  of  a  fail  fiom  his  lior.se. 

In    Qnii'.cy,    Ms.    June    2,   Peter 
Bo.TLSTON  Adams,  Esq.  85,  brother  of 
t!;e  laie  t-res:  ''^I't  of  the  U.  S. 
L'j;;cKVii'Y. 

In  NF.w-HAMPsTirRE.  In  Amhcr:-i. 
Capt.  Tiat.ianiel  WoodhLuy,  94,  formei- 
ly  of  Kaiituckeo;  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Prince, 
9C,  widov/  of  Lieut.  .ToseiJi  I'rii'.co,  oiu; 
of  the  first  settlers  of  tliat  town.  In 
Pelham,  .hme  27,  Mrs.  MaQ-  Butler,  94. 
\\  idovv  of  Lieut.  Joseph  Butler,  ^hc, 
was  a  native  of  Haverhid  ;  her  maiden 
name  Lniid.  In  Concord,  July  1-7,  Lieu;. 
Richard  Herbert,  94,  the  oldest  man  in 
town,  aiul  an  oflicer  under  Gen.  Stark, 
at  the  battle  of  Bennington. — In  Unity, 
May  23,  Mr.  John  Kennedy,  97,  a  native 
of  Ireland.  While  a  soldieron  theHa!- 
ifa.K  station,  previous  to  tiie  American 
revolution,  the  corps  to  which  he  belong- 
ed was  sent  to  the  support  of  Gen.  Gage, 
at  Boston.  Soon  after  their  avrivai  Le 
deserted  the  British,  and  afterwards 
joined  the  revolutionary  arm)-,  ia  whic.ii 
lie  continued  during  the  war. 


^lsjpg]jjis25S 


Ai,Q 


PUBLIC  AFFAIRS  IN  JULY  AND  AUGUST, 


This  country,  were  we  to  credit 
tlie  French  accouii*',  ■  hers  no  seri- 
ous obstacle  lo  the  r- trch  of  her  in- 
vaders. Instead  of  iTieetii.g-  brave 
;nen,  disputing'  their  pass:  p^e  at  every 
«t('p,  'Au:y  seem  on!-  '  la  pursuing; 
a  host  ol'  frig  '.■  ja.  Gieat  allowan- 
ces, howi'ver,  must  be  made  for  the 
«xao;g-eration  of  Frencli  accounts; 
and  until  the  last  torch  of  liberty  is 
extinguislied  in  Spain,  we  should  not 
despair  of  her  ultimate  triumph. 
Should  she  withstand  the  shock  «a- 
<il  winter,  slie  may  light  her  inva- 
ders to  desitrucLioa  in  rc-crossing 
the  Pyrennees. 

On  ihe  approach  of  the  French 
troops  towards  Seville,  the  Cortes 
required  of  the  King',  as  a  measure 
of  safety,  his  immediate  removal  to 
Cadiz.  His  majesty,  with  all  the 
dignity  becoming  his  royal  statiou, 
refused  to  comply  with  this  request 
as  a  Kingf  but,  at  the  same  time, 
professed  bis  readiness  to  submit  to 
any  sacrifices,  in  hrs  iiulividval  ca- 
pacity. The  Cortes  tliereupon  pro- 
ceeded to  declare  tiie  king  morally 
incompetent  to  exercise  his  author- 
Aj,  and  they  then  established  a  pro- 
visional regency  to  superintend 
the  removal  of  the  king.  On  the 
\t\.\\  of  June,  Ferdinand  and  the 
Iloyal  family  left  Seville,  with  an 
escort  of  6000  armed  troops,  for  the 
doubTe  purpose,  probablj,  of  retain- 
ing him  as  their  prisoner'  and  pro- 
tecting him  from  the  enemy.  The 
Cortes,  the  Regency,  &c.  followed 
in  the  train  ;  and  the  cavalcade 
arrived  at  Cadiz  on  the  14th  of 
June  ;  at  which  place  they  were 
received  according  to  the  Cadiz 
papers,  with  great  enthusiasm.   The 

—  10 


king  was  met  wilii  due  ceremony 
by  the  municipal  authoiities,  and 
the  keys  of  the  f^rlress  were  deliv- 
ered to  him.  His  arrival  was  an- 
nounced by  salutes  oi  artillery,  and 
ringing  of  bells.  The  Cortes  con- 
vened at  Cadiz  on  the  15th  of  June, 
at  which  time  the  temporary  re- 
gency was  abolished,  the  king  re- 
instated, and  measures  for  the  de- 
fence of  the  place  were  imniediate- 
ly  adopted. 

On  the  departure  of  the  king 
from  Seville,  disturbances  of  a  very 
serious  nature  took  plate  ;  which 
were  said  to  be  instigated  by  friars, 
and  others  disaffected  to  the  Con- 
stitutional cause.  For  three  days 
the  most  horrid  excesses  were  con.- 
mitted,  which  were  only  arrested 
by  the  intervention  of  a  strong 
military  firce.  The  constitutional 
troops,  however,  soon  abandoned 
beville  ;  and  it  is  probable  that  tho 
French  entered  that  place  on  or 
about  the  20th  June, although  there 
are  nootBcial  accounts  to  that  effect. 

The  minister  (tf  War,  Sai  vauou, 
terminated  his  exislence  at  Cadiz 
on  the  18th,  by  cutting  his  Uiroat 
wiUi  a  razor.  The  reasons  assign- 
ed for  this  act,  are,  the  sudden  in- 
vasion of  Andalusia  by  the  French, 
the  riots  at  Seville,  4'e. ;  but  report 
had  been  busy  in  attaching  to  the 
deceased,  treache:y  to  the  cause  it) 
which  he  was  ostensibly  embarked. 

A  French  lltct  w.-^s  said  to  be 
off*  Cadiz,  and  to  ^old  tnc  port  ia 
a  state  of  blockade,  having  pie- 
ver.ted  the  entrj-  of  two  Americaa 
vessels.  This  circumstance,  togeth- 
er with  the  great  addition  to  the 
number  of  its  inhabitants,  had  ren- 
dered the  necessary  arlioles  of  sub- 


14 


Appmdrj.. 


sistcDce  eslrfimcl)'  scarce  ard  dear, 
at  ll)at  place.  The  restriction  ou 
the  importations  of  <oKi2:n  ptovis- 
Kins  liad  been  removed,  in  pnrt,  and 
a  new  tanff  irislituled. 

Tlie  Cortes,  itj  appearnnce  fit 
least,  evinced  tiieir  deierminalion 
to  ri'lhere  to  the  Constitution,  at 
thi*  rjsli  of  their  lives  :  and  in  this 
Sjiiit  the  population  of"  Cadiz  seem- 
ed to  participate.  The  joy  which 
was  manifested,  and  th"  congratu- 
lations wiiich  were  rffercd  at  tiie 
entry  of  the  government  into  that 
place,  is  stated,  in  some  accounts, 
to  have  been  intended  for  the  Cor- 
tes, and  not  for  Uip  king,  vphum  the 
people  of  Cadiz  are  said  to  hold  la 
the  utmost  contempt. 

We  could  wish  that  the  people 
of  Spain  »vould  lo(jk  vrith  a  single 
eye,  and  exercise  their  united 
strength  to  repel  this  must  unholy 
invasion  of  their  territory — if  this 
Tvetc  the  case,  the  (hysica!  re- 
sources of  the  nation  would  render 
the  result  scarctiy  doubtful.  But 
the  iccurrences  ;it  l^evillfi,  when  it 
Was  fur  a  moment  free  from  the  im- 
medi  te  power  of  the  government, 
and  various  other  circumstances, 
indicate  a  want  of  unanimity,  which 
may  paralyze  the  national  energy, 
and  subject  the  people  to  the  impo- 
sition of  a  government  little  less 
despotic  than  any  they  luive  yet 
endured.  JV*.  E.  Galaxy. 

In  a  good  cause  (says  the  Ports- 
mouth Journal)  we  are  obstinate 
liopcrs.  Tliough  the  Cortes  and 
the  memlicts  o!  the  cunstituiional 
gi.v^intnent  are  besi*  ged  in  «  adiz, 
though  town  after  t'  wn  is  occupied 
by  the  French  troops,we  set  no  rea- 
son yet  for  absol.ite  despair.  There 
are  tio  S3mp(-.ims  of  disaffoetion  or 
despondency  aai'jng  Itie  members 
of  the  Cortes.  Vlie  great  poit  t  now 
is  to  continue  the  co  ue^t-  tc  keep 
alive  the  s;aik  however  small. 
If  the  cause  bi  not  i^iven  ijp  as  hope- 
loss,  lime  will  iJo  every  Ihiug. 
This  IS  by  no  means  the  last  strug- 
glf.  of  liberty  i  .  Spain.  Let  the 
woist  hajipen, — let  Cadiz  be  taken, 
—  let  thx  iiing  be  restored  to    des- 


potic power,  and  let  the  blood  of 
the  liberal  par'^  flow  as  freily  in- 
the  p'isoiis  ol  liie  li  quisiticn,  as  it 
did  in  1814,  still  good  principle* 
have  been  widtly  dissf  minaied  • 
nnd  "  the  blood  of  the  P/lart}  rs  will 
beconife  the  seed  of  the  Church." — 
The  piospect  oi  libert3'  in  Spain  is 
not  hai;  so  hopeless,  as  it  /ras  at  the 
resloraVion  of  Ferdinand, nine  years 
ago. 

rnRTLGAT,. 

A  countcr-1  evolution  was  com- 
menced on  the  27lh  of  May,  by 
Gen.  Sepulcda  who  revolted  with 
10,000  men,  and  proclaimed  a  rev- 
olution in  favor  of  the  King,  and 
against  the  Cortes.  The  verbal 
accounts  say,  that  the  King,  at  first 
appeared  to  disapprove  of  tlie  mea- 
sure, w3h1u  not  s'.  e  Sepnleda,  and 
denounced  him  ns  a  traitor.  That 
the  news  of  tins  event  reached  Si. 
Ubes  the  30th  cf  May,  when  the 
regiment  stationed  there  joined  the 
revolutionists,  compelled  the  citi- 
zens to  illuminate  their  houses,  and 
induced  the  Priests,"  nothing  loth,'" 
to  direct  the  ringing  of  their  chureii 
bells  : — That  nn  the  next  day  the 
regimerif,  commanded  by  a  Corpo- 
ril,  (the  officers  being  dieplared, 
but  compelled  to  follow  the  maich.) 
proceeded  for  Lisbon,  to  mtot  the 
King,  who  was  expecit^d  to  be 
there  Ike  4th  cf  June  : — Tiiat  the 
cveut  occasioned  a  gieat  stagna- 
tion of  business  ;  and  the  lower  or- 
der ot  people  having  joined  the 
Kinf;''s  party,  the  friends  of  the 
Conslitiitiou  were  in  mncli  fear  of 
their  lives,  although  it  tu  led  lut 
th.^t  no  fcxcrsscb  were  committed  ; 
— 'i'liat  tilt  troops  -lU  leavir.'g  Lisbon 
to  j  1(1  ihe  King,  Ic-ft  the  [.risons 
unfjiiaided,  vvhert  500  of  the  con- 
victs iri  Iht  Cr.sl'e  of  San  George, 
pri. cured  .Tims  and  aH;iiiuriiiioii,and 
thuiat*  ned  to  burn  the  city,  rind 
plunder  the  inerchanis  and  b  r/ks  j 
but  (he  city  guards  having  informa- 
tion oi  tlic  dt-'sign,  took  nicasures  to 
psexeiit  its  ext(  utinn. 

That  on  the  3d  June,  a  regiment 
of  iioops,  with  the  young  Prince 
for   their    Commander    vrx     Chiel 


Apptndix. 


75 


«nrched  into  Lisbon,  and  were 
welcomed  by  tlie  people  with  the 
cry  of  '•  Lim<^  live  the  King  ;" — 
Tlial  the  ('ji  t»'o  diisolvcd,  or  iled, 
on  the  2d  of  June  ;  and  jn  the  next 
dny  the  Iving  deiioiiiicd  iheCojtea 
as  n  set  o("  usurpers  and  hypocrites, 
and  diss.ilveJ  tliein  "  by  r'>gld'" — 
That  un  the  o;h,  the  Ki.ig  and  he- 
roic Queen  entered  Lisbon  in  tri- 
unipli,  ?.nd  were  received  by  accla- 
m:itiuns  and  vivas — her  INI  jcs'.y 
having^  taken  the  most  active  pai  t 
iu  the  Coiinler-Revoiulion. 

Thnt  on  tlie  3d  June,  the  K'lug;  is- 
sued Ills  Frijclamatio.i,  aononncinfy 
the  restoration  of  the  Ancient 
Monaichy. 

That  this  Counler-Revohition 
W&3  popular  with  the  higher  and 
lower  cla&ses  of  the  people,  hut  ex- 
tremely upcpular  aincng  the  tnid- 
dliojGf  classes  and  the  landholders  ; 
and  that  there  was  no  calculating' 
llie  end  of  the  Revolution  An 
emhnrgii  i.iid  on  vessels  in  Lisbon 
on  til '  2il  June,  was  rai  ed  on  the 
Sth,  and  business  was  assuming'  its 
wonted  activity 

Gf'.EECE. 

T/ie  Greeks  have  established  a 
General  Government  for  the  whole 
natii.n.  The  first  meeting  of  their 
National  Congress,  uudci  the  new 
constitution,  clised  on  ihe  30th  of 
April  last.  The  thanks  of  that 
Congress  have  been  voted  to  the 
armies  through  whose  valor,  in  the 
Qouise  of  sixteen  months,  nore 
than  90,000  of  their  ene^nics  had 
been  destroyed.  The  High  Admi- 
ral of  the  Turkish  fleet  had  been 
ordeied  to  commence  the  imiriedi 
ate  attack  of  the  Grecian  Islands, 
and  to  prosecute  the  war  with  the 
utmost  vigor.  The  same  oiders 
had  been  issued  (o  the  Paclias  in 
Thessaly,  Lividia,  k.c.  and  accounts 
from  Larissa  to  the  2d  May  stated, 
that  the  Pacha  of  Sceutoria  had 
embodied  30,000  men,  and  that  col 
limns  were  traversing  that  quarter. 
On  the  other  hand,  it  is  said  that 
the  Greeks  are  making  great  prep- 
arations to  repel  the  enemy — they 
are  fullv  aware  ef  the  dangers  (yhich 


menace  them,  but  noltvithstaDding 
are  full  of  energy  and  confifJence. 
Extract   of  a  letter,  lately   received 
Jiom  the  Gulf  of  Corinth^  dated  the 

\st  of  April  la^.t 

This  town  [Vosiizza,  the  ancient 
jEgeuin]  which,  at  one  time  contain- 
ed 4000  inhabitanlo,  hrs  been  in  a 
slate  of  ruin  for  two  years.  Every 
uihabilant.  who  escaped  the  sword 
and  fire,  has  flrd  to  the  moun- 
t.iins  ;  and  the  new  tenants  of  the 
place  had  not  ytt  cared  to  repair 
their  precarious  and  still  desolate 
tenements,  thoiigli  considerable  par- 
ties have  descended  t rem  their  hil- 
ly retreat,  to  take  advantage  of  the 
spring  season.  These  we  saw  at 
work  in  the  vineyards  and  gardens, 
all  prepared,  however,  for  the  skir- 
mish--each  man  with  his  pistol  and 
long  knife  in  his  girdle,  while  set 
up  against  the  vine  stakes,  their 
piles  of  muskets  weie  seen  glitter- 
ing in  the  sun.  'Tis  astonishing^ 
with  what  wanton  carefuluess  every 
hoii&e  has  been  unroofed.  Walking- 
into  some  of  the  cliurches,  we  saw 
the  whole  furniture,  and  solemo 
garniture,  strewed  among  the  ruins, 
just  as  they  had  been  left  ;  lump!, 
candelabras.  were  all  brc  ke  up  m 
pieces,  and  with  the  ashes  of  the 
roof,  were  heaped  up  around  the  al- 
tar. At  this  picture  of  sacrilege 
and  desolation,  we  saw  two  or  three 
Greeks  peeping  in  as  they  passed 
us,  stiake  their  heads,  then  more 
fi-mly  grasp  their  arms,  and  walk 
away. 

'•  As  to  the  state  of  affairs  be- 
tween the  parties,  we  but  seldom 
gain  any  direct  information,  except 
when  among  them.  The  cintest  is 
still  carried  on  with  as  much  barba- 
rous inveteracy  as  ever,  it  was  on- 
ly the  other  day  tlie}-  massacred 
two  Tuik.  in  cold  blood,  whom 
they,  (the  Greeks)  had  fallen  in  with 
when  flying  from  one  ludd  to  anoth- 
er. Ther,i  are  sutpos^d  to  be  about 
70,000  Gueks  under  arms  at  pres- 
ent ;  indeed  every  malt  net  ton  of 
whatever  rank  is  seen  armed;  and, 
out  of  near  50.000  Tuiks.  m  fm  op- 
ened the  campaign  last  suaimer.  a 


76  Appendix, 

very  few  thousands  now  exist  in  tion,  rather  summary.  It  falls  ^ith. 
the  Moroa,  they  have  been  so  cut  cruel  severity  upon  those  cf  the 
up  hy  the  sword,  starvation  and  the  Greek  nation,  or  Grepk  rite,  stiii 
numerous  copting'encies  of  tlie  under  the  dominion  rf  the  Porte, 
field.  The  Greeks  have  entire  The  property  of  the  Greeks  who 
possession  of  the  Morea,  with  the  were  assassinated  in  the  Island  cf 
exce,  tion  ofCoron,I\Iodon,  Patras,*  Cyprus  has  Leen  torn  from  the 
and  the  Acropolis  of  Corinth,  all  of  survivin^f  heirs,  and  sold  ior  the 
which  ar«;  so  closely  invested,  that  benefit  of  the  Porte — that  of  the 
unless  supplied  by  neutriil  powers,  Greeks  who  were  either  suspected 
n.jt.^f'knowledgiog-theGreek  block-  or  have  disappeared,  disposed  of  in 
ade.  fhey  cannot  long- hold  out.  At  the  same  way — and,  in  addition,  the 
Corinth,  they  have  been  in  a  shock-  villages  along  the  coast,  chiefly  in- 
inc  state  of  starv:ition  ;  some  thou-  h»bited  by  Christians,  pillaged  an-l 
sanus  wfire  obliged  to  leave  it  the  burnt  by  the  Egyptian  garrison  of 
older  day,  but  while  attempting  to  the  island.  It  is  by  sea  that  the 
reich  Potras  by  tlie  mountain  de-  Turks  seem  disposed  to  make  their 
fih;s,  were  so  surrounded  by  the  principal  attacli.  The  AlusselmeD 
Greeks,  that  fhey  cou'd  not  proceed  force  is  formed  of  three  squadrono- 
aninng  the  snow  ;  and  before  they  the  united  Algerine  and  Tunisian, 
reached  A.erota.  on  the  beach,  not  the  Egjptian and  the Tuikish  squad- 
far  from  V  (siizzs,  hd  immense  num-  rons,  which  are  stated  to  amount  in 
ber  perished  ;  anJ  (he  remnant  af-  all  to  100  sail  of  various  sizes  atjd 
ter  being  red  1  ceJ  to  live  on  their  denominations.  This  is  the  most 
horses  and  the  bodies  of  their  dead,  formidable  arrapment  which  the 
we  siw  embarked  hastily  under  the  Porte  has  yet  sent  out.  But  the 
cover  of  some  of  their  few  men  of  Gieeks,  leaving  out  of  calculatiou 
war,  fur 'he  castle  of  the  Moiea.  their  superiority  in  naval  skill  and 
On  Ihe  part  of  (he  Greeks  it  is  a  prowess,  seem  well  prcpAred  to  en- 
coHiplete  Tueriila  warfare,  for  they  counter  it.  The  Hydriot,  Ypsariot, 
have  no  field  pieces,  yet  such  is  the  and  Spezziot  squadrons,  all  well 
general  tirmamont,  ttiit  each  s^on  of  armed,  equipped  and  ready  to  sail 
Islam  scaicely  approaches  a  myrtle  on  the  fiist  signal,amount  to  liS  ships 
bush  wilhout  fear  and  suspicion,  of  war  of  various  classes,  and  24 
The  subj'ii^ation  of  the  Morea  will  fire  ships,  with  which  it  is  known, 
be  a  difficult  undertaking,  and  even,  they  do  tremendous  execution.  By 
although  the  Tuiks  had  a  good  fleet,  land,  also,  ilia  stated  that  the  Turks 
as  ihev  new  have  u  )ne,  the  handy  intend  a  last  endeavor  this  season. 
Moreoto  would  always  find  security  Great  efforts  were  in  thejctof  be- 
in  the  inaccessible  relreats  of  his  ing  made,  in  the  beginning  of  May, 
mountains,  and  confine  the  settle-  to  raise  troops  in  the  European 
ment  of  their  masters,  merely  to  the  provinces,  for  the  purpose  ot  attack- 
castles  and  fortresses  they  may  ing  the  Peloponnesus  ;  80,000  meii 
have  conquered.''  were,according  to  letters  from   Sa 

From  recent  accounts,  it  can  lonica,  to  be  emploj-ed  in  this  ser- 
bardly  be  long  before  the  two  par-  vice  with  the  Pachas  at  their  head, 
ties  grajiple.  The  Tn-ks  have  made  There  is  however  less  of  probability 
formidable  preparations.  Firmans  and  circumstance  in  the  account  of 
haye  been  issued,  commanding  the  the  Turkish  preparations  by  land 
Turkish  Governois  to  send  what  than  by  sea.  But  even  if  the  state- 
money  they  can  procure  to  Con-  ment  ivere  true,  the  Greeks  of  the 
staatinopie.  The  Turkish  system  Morea  are  in  a  state  to  make  suc- 
of  taxation  is,  we  need   not  men-  cesstui  resistance.     The  whole  con- 

federacy    is  now   under    a   regular 

*Since  taken.  Government— the  troops  are  regn- 


Appendix.  77 

larly  pnid  out  of  a  special  military  "umilton  College  ;  Daniel  Azro  Ashley 
chest ;  there  are  io  tl.e  Morca  aloae  sS,.:'' "' '"'^'''^'^"'"  '■""'•''^'•"  =  Nathaniel 
50,000  vr ell  armed  and  disciplined  Jionoiaiv  n.gTM-of  a.  m.  on  Gtorp-  Ed- 
troops,  and  )Le  Ibthmus  of  Corinth  '"T^  n^!'!"\f  m '.'-'''^W*  ^'T-  , 
S         ,  .  ,    .         .■    I    ,  1  lie  Utfriviot  M.  1'.  on  Job  VVjisoii,  .losiah 

5S  placed  in  a  slate  ot    delcuce.  Slif.hl,    Uithai-U  Ii:css,  Lawson   Long,  Jtsse 

W'lilfjcwood  Miffhi  Is,  Ui  ubin  Niins,  i.viulon 
NEW-nAMPSIURr.  Ainold  Siiiitli,  UrMcr  Ualdwin,   Kival'  Call, 

Dartmouth   CoLles:c Tllis  institution    U«>M!»i"i"  Bancroft,  John  Clark,  El'ijah  tol- 

appeais,  luuler  the  'auspices  of  its  pivs-  JV'  !*'a''"",  ^"T''  I'V''"  .•''"^i''''  •'^'!"'"V' 
eiit  t;ovcrnment,  to  be  rising  in  public  f;i-  Couvti-sc.  H.moiary  dc'Sre.  of  M.  D.  on  Jil- 
vor.  I'iiu  commt'iioemeiit  on  tlio  20ih  naihan  Judson,  Parki  r  CKa.eland. 
Aug.  was  unusually  iiuerestiiig,  ami  was  'i'l'-e  (lc(i,ixe  o(  L  L.  D.  was  conferred 
attenrled  by  many  eniinciit  citizens  of  on  Hon.  Jkrkmiau  Mason,  Hon.  Dan- 
;liis  and  adjoinins;  states.  IKI.  AN'KESTKR,  and  on  His  Excellency 

On  Monday  previous    to    coinmenre-  Levi  Woodbury. 
ment,  at  3  o'clock,  P.  iM.  an  oration  "On       On  Tlitirsday  were  the  Deciamationg 
the  progress  of  moral  science,"  was    dt;-  for  Prizes  by  incmbers  of  tin-,   grad.uated 
livercd   before   the    Theological  Socidij,  class,  and  the  luidcrgradiiates.     Thecom- 
by  Jaines  F.  McEwen  of  CiHroniont.  niittce  to  decide   the  merits    of    the   ic 

Tuesday,  11  o'clock:  oration  before  ^pectivc  candidates,  consisted  ot  His  E.x- 
tiie  Adeljihiun  Society — "Some  of  the  cellency  the  Governor,  Judf^e  Paijje, 
causes  peculiarly  favorable  to  the  deve!-  JiJilge  Farrar,  I\l.  P.  Paysor",  J.  C. 
opeinent  of  Athenian  oratory" — by  John  Chamberlain,  H.  Hubbard,  S.  L. 
o.  Knortiton  of  Hojikinton.  Kkapp,  JoaN  Francis  and  J.  P.  Cook, 

At  3  o'clock  :  oration  before  the  So-  Esquires.  Tiie  prizes  were  awnidcu  to 
ciul  Friends — "The  leading  causes  that  Enoch  Bayi.EY,  Newbur\  ,Vt.  Ge<.rge 
have  operated  in  producing  the  principal  BoARDr.iAN,  Norwich,  Vt.  Charles 
ciiangcs  in  the  world  botli  in  literature  E.  MARTIN,  Mni-insburgh,  N.  Y.  and  to 
and  politics" — by  James  WhU'le,  of  Horace  B.  Morsk,  Haverhill,  N.  H. 
"Weare.  The  public  exercises  were  clu.-ed  by  an 

At  4  o'clock :  oration  before  the  Uni-  oration  before  the  Ph:  Beta  Koppn  Sod- 
ted  Frnternilij — "  On  the    power   of  Ex-  cli/,:\t   11  o'clock,   by   Riii-i'S  CiioATE; 

ample" by    John     Chamberlain,     of  A.  M.  of  Salem,  Mass.  formerly  a  Tutor 

Ciiarlcstown.  in  College. 

In    the   evening:    oration   before   the  MisrB-T  t  ivrnr's 

Handel  Societi/— -The  intellectual  and  „,  ,  M1&CELLA^E0L.S. 
moral  inllueace  of  Music"— by  Merrick  ^^°^^  Island.  The  Historical  Soci- 
A.  Jewett,ofAshburnham,Mass. ;  wliich  f^y  of  t'i's  slate  held  then  annual  mee  t- 
was  followed  by  an  oratorio  by  the  mem-  '"S  at  the  State-House  in  Providence, 
bers  of  this  Society  in  their  usual  style.  July  J  9.  when  the  following  gentlemen 
Wednesday- Com?ncH<;a/ifnYl>fli/-the  ^^ere  elected  officers  for  the  year  ensu- 
Exercises  consisted    of  sixteen   different  '"S- 

parts,  all  of    which   were    spoken    of  as  James  Fenner,  F/■es^Vm^ 
creditable  to  the  speakers,  and  to  the  in-  Heniy  Ball.  First  T  icc-Fresidcnf. 
stituiion.  Theodore    Foster,     Second   Vice-Presi- 

The  Degree  of  Bachelor  of    Arts   was       dent. 
conferred  on  the  following  young  gentle-  '^^  'l''^"''  I^-  Staples,  Secretary. 
men  graduates  of  the  prpssnt  year  :  J"'i»  ^   Francis,  I  rea.uirer. 

Stephen   C.    Badger,   Gc.irfje    Boardman,   Stephen  Gould,  Cabinet  Keeper  for  tlir 
Abraham  Brown,  John  Cliaiuherlaiii,  Samuel        Soitihern  District. 
W.  Clark,  Henry  Cloufrh,  Paul  Couel,,.Ion.is    \V;,itcr  R.  Danfortb,  Cabinet  Keeper  for 
Cuttinc-,  Samuel  Delano,  Geo.  Fitz.  Abie  I"  OS-        ,.„    a-     ji  „         n-  »    •  j  i      J 

t.r,  Chs!  G.  Green,   H.nry  Greenleaf,  Thos.        '^^  Northern   District. 
Hall,Bushrod  W.  Hinckley,  Jolinlngalls,  Mir-       Jo''  Durfee,  Albert  C.    Greene,  Samuc! 
rick  .V.  Jewett,  John  S.  Kiioulton,  Jonathan  Eddy,  Richard  W.Greene,    Philii)  Cra- 
K.  Littl.'.  James  F.M'K«wi,Hali)h.MelLalf,   |,o,  VVilliam  E   Richmond,    Christopher 
Horaeu    B.  Moi'se,    Charles    .>Iuraoek,    Jona-   v    r>  ^i  •         iii»ir  /•>      /■>     i  i       i      i«--i 

than  V/.  D.  Os-ood,  Harlin  I'lllsbnrv:  David  l*-  Ro"ins.  W  illiam  (..  Goddard,  Wll 
P.   Sudth,   Kdwin  B.   Stevens,   Vviliiam   W.   liaiu  Aplin,  'Trustees. 

Stickney,    Samuel  G.  Tenney,   Orlando    G.  c  

Th:itcher,  Charles  V/alker,  Coinelius  Walk-  Tl;e  first  ship  (hat  appeared  ia 
er,  James  V^^hittk-,  Joseph  W.  Woods.— 3 1.  ^  ,  '  i  »     r  t-'  ^ 

The  Decree  of  .Muster  of  Arts  was  confened  <''eece,  WaS  hlOtl{rtit  from  Lgrypt 
inoider,  on  D:ivid  Cunnninps,  Oliver  Fleteh-  hv  DaoaUS,  who  arrived  at  Lindus, 
t-r,  William  Watson  >.'iles,Christoplier  .Marsh,   -.T   r>i      i  _i    i  i*  .i      i- 

I.uke  Woodbury,  D.avidM.Khill,  Jonathan  '"  Rhodes,  and  brought  With  him 
Fowle,  Nalh.iii  Crosby, Julin  ]iall,  Nathaniel  \\\^  ffty  daughters  !  This  bapjlCtl- 
Gookin  Upham,  John  Richardson,  Georpe  f,A  ';„  jl.p  xo\r  l-lfl'i  hpft^rc  t  li*» 
Perkins  Afarsh  ;  Samuel  Mosely,  A.  B.  at  ,  !"  V^,  -^  "  '  ■^'  "6"?'^*^  i"*^ 
MidUIebi.ry   Collffre;  Cyrus    Do-.vncs,  A.  B.   birth  of  Christ. 


78 


Appendix* 


A  raENC«   DKFIXITION  or    A    WHIG 
AND  TORir. 

"  Pray,  Monsieur  cie  V«reen- 
nes,''  said  Luuis  XVf.  one  day  at 
his  levee,  "  what  do  you  take  to  be 
the  dilFerence  between  a  Whi;^ 
and  aTnry  ?"  "  Please  your  Ma- 
jesty," said  lh3  Minister,  "  I  con- 
ceive the  difference  to  be  nearly 
nominal — the  Tories  are  Whrgs 
when  they  want  places,  and  the 
Whigs  are  Tories  when  they  have 
got  them." 

Age  of  Benevolence. — The  do- 
nations to  benevolent  societies  in 
this  country, the  last  vear,were  be- 
tween two  and  three  hundred  rhnu 
sand  dollars.  Of  tiiis  sum,  $59,000 
were  received  by  the  American 
Board  f(f  Commissioners  for  For- 
eign Missions  ;  and  ^P.OQO  by  the 
American  Education  Society. 

NovelProject. — A  Welchman, 
of  some  distinction  amor.g  his  coun- 
trymen, has  sailed  from  Wales  for 
America,  to  lo.ik  aUei'  a  colon}'  of 
Welclimeo,  whom  he  expects  to 
find  in  the  remote  regions  of  (his 
country.  The  Welchmen  have  r 
tradiliunary  tale,  of  the  sailing'  of 
a  iiumbnr  of  adventurers  for  the 
New  World,  some  forty  oj  fifty 
years  before  Columbus,  which  they 
saj  actually  landed  in  this  country 
but  after  they  arrived,  they  could 
Dot  gel  back  by  reason  of  the  vari- 
ation of  the  needle.  M'Kenzie, 
in  his  travels  in  North  America, 
found  a  tribe  of  Indians  whose  lari- 
guag;e  and  dialect  were  stiictly 
Welch,  and  he  supposed  they  were 
the  descendants  of  the  Welch  col- 
ony which  is  celebrated  in  the  le- 
gendary tales  of  Wales;  and  upon 
the  credit  of  the  assertioris  of  this 
traveller,  this  strange  and  daring 
adventure  is  unde'tnlien. 

Indian  trial. — A  Baton  Roug'e 
paper  mentions,  that  an  Indian  in 
that  place  was  stabbed  by  another; 
the  friends  present  decided  on  the 
merits  of  the  case — the  accused 
%va9  found  g^uilly,  sentenced,  exe- 
<;uted,  and  interred  on  the  spot. 
The  whole  transaction  took  place 
in  iessthan  50  minutes. 


A  siogfle  copy  of  the  first  cditloti 
of  the  Holy  Scriptures  in  L.-itin, 
consisting  of  two  volumes,  being 
the  first  book,  executed  by  Gut  ten- 
burg  and  Faust,  the  inventors  of 
printing,  with  moveable  metal 
types,  between  1450  and  ^455,  was 
lately  sold  in  London  for  £168 
sterling 

Mr  Cailliaud,the  French  explor- 
er of  Egjpt,  who  has  lately  return- 
ed to  France,  mentions  that  at 
about  30  mdes  to  the  south  of 
Mount  Zaba  ah,  (which  is  about 
seven  leagues  from  the  nearest  part 
o)  the  coast  of  the  Red  Sea,  and 
about  forty  five  tr)  the  southwaid  of 
Cosier,  )  he  and  his  c^mfianions  di^,- 
covered  other  Mountains  containing 
"  a  thousand  excavations,''  which 
had  been  made  in  searcli  of  emer- 
alds ;  and  within  half  a  league  of 
these  quarries,  were  the  ruins  of  a 
Greek  city  built  of  stjne,  of  which 
about  500  houses,  were  still  stan- 
ding, and  three  temples  partly 
built,  and  partly  excavated  out  of 
the  rock.  In  the  houses  were  vari- 
ous implements,  such  as  lamps  of 
bsked  earth,  fr^.gment3  of  vases  of 
an  elegant  form,  of  earth  and  glass, 
and  circular  stones,  such  as  are 
used  in  Nubia  at  this  day  to  grind 
corn.  On  Mr.  Cailliaud's  return  to 
Zabarah,  hs  learned  that  his  people 
had  collected  duting  his  absence, 
about  5  pounds  of  emeralds,  which 
were  found  in  veins  of  argillaceous 
oi'  micaceous  schist  running  thiougU 
the  granite  mountains,  along  whicli 
the  ancient  miners  had  proceeded, 
following  them  through  all  their 
tortuous  windings.  In  some  of 
these  adits,  Mr.  _  Cailliaud  found 
Grecian  lamps,  cords,  logs  of  wood 
baskets  of  palm  leaves,  and  other 
objects  which  the  ancient  workmen 
had  made  use  of  in  carrying  the 
mines. — JS"at,  Gaz. 

One  of  the  most  distinguished  po- 
ets of  Italy,  Pellico,  has  been  sen- 
tenced, at  the  age  of  24,to  15  years 
impriiionment  in  the  fortress  of 
Spitzburg,  by  the  Austrian  govern- 
ment. Hiscrime.  w.as  that  of  being- 
one  of  the  Carbonari. 


Jippendl 


79 


\T'lt€  following  pre ily  lines  Kere  ^crildn 
t>n  the  dixiovet-y  of  the  ruins  of  an  old 
s(one  building- u(  jXcirjwit,  Jl  J.,  hav- 
ing some  rcstmhlance  toon  antimlfor- 
ttcss,  (jiitin  renlitij  being  noUiiiig  more 
thin  an  old  vinJ-mill.  'J'hc  jiuitry  is 
as  well  as  though  Us  theme  tvcrc  rf  d\f- 
fercjii  origin  ] 

THE  NEWPORT  TOWER. 
THERE  is  a  nidi-  old  momiinint 
Ha:f  iiiusoiiry,  half  ruin,— L>.  nt 
■VViih  s.ggiiig  woiglit.  as  if  it  uii'ant 

'111  warn  oiu-  of  mischiilict — 
^11(1  :)ii  uld  Indiuii  may  be  sicii 
Mu-iiiig  ill  sadness  on  ih'    griiii, 
And  r:tstingon  it  inaiiv  akiun 

And  many  atlioiightful  glance. 
^Vhcn  liglitly  swirpstht  curling  tide, 
O.d  NanagaiisettN  ■ilicrr  Ixsidt, 
And  tlu-  canoes  in  sul\ty  ride 

U])on  the  lovely  ha)  — 
T  «ei    him  gaze  on  tliat  old  tower 
At  I  vi  ning's  calm  and  junsive  hour, 
And  w  hen  the  night  begins  to  low  er 

Scarce  tvar  himself  away. 
Oft  at  its  foot  I"\e  stcu  him  sit, 
His  wiJow  trim,  his  walntit ^plit. 
And  th.  re  his  yine  he  lov  t  s  to  knit 

And  there  its  rope  to  haul, 
And  there  he  loV'  s  to  be  aione. 
Gazing  at  evi  ry  crumbling  stone 
And  making  many  an  anxious  moan 

V  hen  one  is  iiki  tufaii. 
But  once  lie  turn"d  with  furious  look 
"VVhiie  high  liis  clenched  hand  he  shook, 


And  from  his  brow  his  dark  eye  took 

A  red'ning  glow  ofjiiadniss. 
Yit  whi  n  1  told  liiin  why  I  eanie 
His  wild  and  bl<iod-sh<>t  ey.  gn  w  taniP, 
And  lutt  r  tlw.ughts  pass'ii  o'.  r  ila  flami , 

A  nil  chang'd  its  lagi   tosadmss. 
''  You  watch  my  st<p  and  ask  me  why 
'I  bis  ruin  fil.s  my  straining  eye  f 
Stranger,  thert  is  a  prophi  cy, 

WhicJi  you  may  light!)  Iie<  d — 
Stay  its  fufMmmt  if  )ou  can  ! 
I  h'  ard  it  of  a  gra)  hair'd  man. 
And  thiis  thi  ilireat'ning  story  ran, 

Abodii.gtali  indeed, 
lie  Said  that  when  this  massy  wall 
Down  to  its  Very  biisi   sliniihl  f.ill, 
AiJ<l  not  n  stone  among   it  all 

Slioiiid  i^st  upon  anolber  ; 
Then  shoind  the  Indian  race  and   kind 
Disp<  rst  like  the  r<  turiiless  wind, 
And  not  a  rid  man  iefi  to  find 

Oni  he  could  call  a  brother. 
Now  )  on  old  tower  is  failing  fast — 
Kindred  and  friends  away  are  past — 
O  tliat  my  father's  soul  may  cast 

Upon  my  grave  its  shade, 
Vie  n  some  good  christian  man  shall  place 
O'l  r  me  till    last  of  all  my  raci , 
The  last  old  stone  that  falls,  to  grace 

'I'he  spot  where  1  am  laid." 


There  are  181  children  in  (he 
Philailelphin  Orphan  Asyl'.im,  who 
are  supported  at  the  expense  of  21 
cects  a  week. 


MONj  HLY  REGISTER  OF  DEATHS, 

WITH    CONCISE  BIOGRAPHICAL    ^OTICK». 


In  Hamilton,   on  thp  28th   Jul}',  Rpv. 

ilANASSEH  CUTI.ER,  LL.  D.,  in  the  81sl 
year  ."^t  his  age  and  frid  of  his  uiinisiry 
in  tlmt  place.  Dr.  Cutler  p;ra(luai.ed  at 
Yale  College  in  1765.  In  17!!}  he  was 
elected  a  memher  of  the  Aaieiican  Acad- 
emy of  Arts  and  Sriences»  ami  in  1734  of' 
the  Philadelphia  Philosophical  Society. 
In  17S9  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Laws 
was  conferred  upon  him  by  Yaie  Coliei;e, 
where  he  was  Cilucated.  In  1792  he  was 
constituted  a  member  of  the  Hisfnical 
and  Agricultural  societies  of  Massa- 
cliusetts  ;  in  18(i9  of  the  Philadejpiiia 
Liniispan  society  ;  in  iHlSof  the  Ameri- 
can Antiquarian  Society;  and  in  1815 
of  the  ISew-Eiigland  Linnscan  society. 
He  was  also  an  honorary  member  of  the 
Massachusetts  Medical  Society.  He  was 
an  ardent,  distinguished  friend  of  hi.s 
country,  and  possessed  an  fnlie,iiteiied 
nnri  dis",riminaiiii?  n>iderstandins  of  her 
best  interests.  In  1800,  and  again  in 
1802,  he  was  chosen  by  his  fellow  citizens 
a  representative  in  the  Congress  of  the 
United  States  ;  n  station  which  he  filled 
with  dignity,  and  to  the  satisfaction  and 
3'Jyantage  of  his  constituents- 


In  Farmington,  Conn.  Aug.  18,  Hon. 
John  Treadwfi.t.,  LL  D.,  78.  He 
[^radunted  at  Yale  College  in  17t;7.  He 
wa.s  a  member  of  the  Ci-iinrcticut  Acade- 
my of  Arts  and  Sciences,  and  had  been 
Lieutenant  Go\einor  and  (Jovernor  of 
Connecticut  several  years.  At  the  time 
of  his  decease,  he  was  President  of  the 
American  Board  of  Commissioners  ai 
Foreij,ti  Missions. 

Ill  Paris,  May  2.'),  WiM.iA.M  Tk.MPLF 
Fhanklin,  grandson  of  Dr.  Franklin 
and  editor  of  his  works. 

In  N.  Salem,  Ms.  VarnEY  Pearce. 
Esq.  about  70;  for  thirty  years  in  suc- 
cession a  member  of  the  legislature  of 
that  state. 

In  Delaware,  His  Excellency  JoSEFir 
Hasi.Ett,  Governor  of  that  stiue. 

In  Brunswick,  N.  Y.,  Gen.  Adax 
Yates,  57. 

In  New-.Tersfy,  Col.  Tho.'MAS 
Bla.vch,  83. 

In  ETst-Hartfonl,  Conn.  Gen.  Snr- 
nAET-  GrisWOM>,  62,  having  been  .i 
representative  cf  that  town  in  the  Ipftls 
lature  for  about  40  sessions. 


80 


.'ippiildlX. 


In  Virginia,  Gen.  John  Bi,Ackwei,l. 
said  to  he  ilir  last  nniaining  officer  of 
the  revolution  in  that  state. 

In  Hartford.  Conn.  Maj.  John  Rip- 
tF-V ,  85,  a  soldier  of  the  old  French  and 
of  the  >  evolutionary  war  ;  Gen.  Sabxuel 

tVTLLTS.  85. 

In  Vernon,  Vt.  Hon.  JONATHAN 
Hunt,  85. 

In  Si.  Albans,  Vt.  Hon.  Jonathan 
JONFS.  TO. 

In  Kingston,  Ms.  Crooker  SAMP- 
SON, E^q.  74,  an  officer  in  the  staff  in 
the  revolutionary  war. 

Ih  India,  Sept!!  4  1822,  Rev.  Henrt 
Lloyd  Loring,  D.  D.,  38,  Archdeacon 
of  Calcutta,  and  one  of  the  brightest  or- 
naments of  the  Christian  world.  He 
•was  born  in  Boston  and  his  father  before 
the  revolution  sustained  tie  office  of 
Hiah  Sheriff,  in  Massachusetts.  He  fol- 
lowed the  fortunes  of  the  mother  coun- 
try, and  was  Cowmissary  of  Prisoners. 
At  the    peace   he   settled  in    England. 


His  brother,  Coin.  Loring,  was  a.  brave 
and  intelligent  officer. 

Longevity. 

In  Boston,  Mr.  Nathaniel  Greenwood 
9L— In  Hanson.  Ms.  Mr.  Richard  Low 
don,  90.— In  Duxhury,  Ms.  Mr  Jot- 
Goodinc,  i*3.— In  Balston,  Mr.  Michael 
McDonald,  y7.— In  Berwick,  Me.  Mr. 
John  Andrews,  97  ;  Mrs.  Mary  Brac.kett. 
94. — In  Brownville,  Me.  Widow  Elea' 
nor  Thomas,  96. 

In  Penn.  Mr.  Godfrey  Ftick,  a  native 
of  Germany  and  a  soldier  of  the  Revo- 
'lution,  lOL 

Near  Hanover,  Penn.  Mrs.  Magdalen 
Gilt,  101,  10  mo.-4n  Woodstock  Vt. 
Mrs.  Mercy  Thomas,  90. — In  Canton, 
Ms.  Mr.  AmariahCranc,  92.  In  Cam- 
bridge, Mass.  Mrs.  Ann  Jepsoii,  90. — In 
Lenox,  Ms.  ISlrs.  Lewis,  widow  of  I\Ir, 
Medad  Lewis,  108.  In  Coventry,  Conn. 
Mrs.  Paiker,  101  yrs.  12  davs.  lu 
West  Sprinafield.  Ms.  Mrs.  Ehzabetl- 
Bagg,  91. 


THERMOME TRICAL  AND  METEOROLOGICAL  OBSERVATIONS, 

FOR  JUNE,    1823. 


At  Port' 

movth,  in  lat.  43°  4' 

1 

Jl 

Hopkinton,  hi  lat  43°  11' 

o 

~) 

—    tCI 

1 

c 

CA    t— 

— 

V 

> 

y  yi 

Winds  and  Weather. 

.5 

-.    'Z 

"p 

Observations. 

" 

2 

2 

2 

1 

f  2 

^ 

~T 

58 

66 

"54 

E.  Fair;  li;int  clouds 

~T48  74 

55" NW.  Fair 

2 

58 

74  61  Var.   Light  clouds 

2  46 

75 

62  NW.  Fair 

3 

36 

65  51  E.  Hazy 

3  49 

80 

55NW.NE.  Fair;  cloudy 

4  5(i 

64 

52  SE.  Hazy 

4  48 

32|'65iNE.  VV.   Fair 

5 

65 

79 

65 

NW.  Hazy;  fair 

5 

64 

80 

61 

W.  NW.  Cloudy;  rain 

fi 

56 

69 

55 

NW.  Fair 

6 

58 

65 

59 

NW.  Fair 

7 

60 

70 

61 

Var.  Fair 

7 

43  78 

64 

SW.  Fair 

8 

63 

64  49 

SE.  Rain;  clouds 

8 

63  61 

46 

N\V.  Rain;  cloudy  ;  fair 

9 

49 

58  14 

E.  Fair 

9 

35 

;)8 

43 

N.  NE.  Frost ;  fai.- 

10 

49 

61149 

10 

35 

68 

49 

E.  Extensive  frost;  fair 

11 

54 

66|51 

S.  Fair 

11  45 

73 

51  E.SE.  Fair;  hail  stovni;  thun- 

12 

68 

73  54 

S.  Fair 

12  47 

71 

46  SE.S.  fair,  cloudy  fder,  rain 

13 

56 

77 

63 

S.  Fair 

13  43 

79 

67  SW.  Rain;  fair 

14 

61 

77 

m 

Showers  and  variable 

14i60 

80 

63 

SW.W.  NW\  thunder  show- 

15 

•o3 

66 

54 

Fl   Fair;  cloudy 

15 

50 

72 

59 

NW.  N.  Fair,  cloudy  [ers 

16 

61 

65 

61 

SE.    Same 

16 

55 

79 

65 

SE.  Cloudy ;  fair 

17 

65 

75 

65 

SE.  Fair  ;  cloudy 

17 

6OI86 

76 

W^.  Fair;  flying  clouds 

18 

70 

68 

68 

SE:  Fair;   showers 

18 

71195 

72 

W.  Fair 

19 

75 

88 

69 

NW.  Fair 

19  66 

8769 

W.  N.W.  Fair 

20 

65 

72 

56 

SE.  Fair 

20  58 

77J57 

NW.   Fair 

21 

64 

65 

57 

S.  Showers  and  cloudy 

2157 

73  57 

NW.  NE.  Cloudy  ;  rai.i 

22 

56 

64 

54 

NE.  to  S.   Fair 

22  4f! 

63  52 

NW.    Fair 

23 

57170 

63 

SW.    Fair 

23  42 

80  63 

NW^  SW^  Fair;  cloudy    . 

24 

62  68 

61 

S.  Fair 

24 

57 

— 

62 

SW.W.  Fair;  fiving  clouds 

25 

66  68 

60 

S.  Cloudy  ;  fair 

25 

57 

83 

64 

NW.  SW.  F;^ir' 

26 

64  67 

63 

E.    Hazy 

26 

53 

88 

66 

N.  E.  Fair 

27 

6463 

57 

E.  Rain 

27|58|64|58|E.  Cloudy;  rain 

28 

68  70 

69 

S.  to  SW.  Cloudy  ;  fair 

28 

58  83  68  E.  S.  SW.  Cloudy;  fan' 

29 

68|73 

61 

NW.  Fair;  fresh  wind 

29 

64  70  57  NW.  Fair;  flying  cloud- 

30 

CO 

|7G 

M 

InW.  Fair 

30 

51 

173 

1.59 

!NW.  W.  Fair.        L.  L 

jt.S'SJSSISESS 


i^e 


PUBLIC  AFFAIRS  IN  SEPTEMBER. 


RUSSIA. 

Within  (he  last  few  years,  the 
policy  of  Russia  lias  been  appar- 
ently chang-eable  and  even  contra- 
dictery.  By  turns  it  h&s  been  a 
Bonapartist,  English,  Liberal,  and 
Counter  Revolutionary,  protecting 
liberty  without  comprehending  it, 
and  warring  against  revolutions 
when  she  had  noihing  to  fear  from 
them.  After  watching  Turkey  for 
years  as  a  hawk  does  its  prey,  rea- 
dy to  pounce  on  it,  she  turns  away 
and  leaves  the  Greeks  to  their  fate 
at  the  very  moment  when  the  di- 
visions of  this  ill-fated  empireinvite 
her  to  spoliation  and  conquest. 
Some  people  attribute  all  this  to  the 
inconstant  disposition  of  a  monarch 
whose  caprice  is  law,  rind  who  pur- 
sues one  object  after  another  as,  in 
default  of  principles,  his  fancy  di- 
rects. His  policy  is  for  the^n  per- 
sonal, not  Rjjssian.  According  to 
the  enthusiasm  of  the  moment,lie  is 
the  cfiampion  of  European  deliver- 
ancc  or  of  counter-revolution  ;  now 
panting-  for  the  reputation  of  mag- 
nanimity towards  a  suffering  peo- 
ple, and  now  prefening  llie  stately 
dignity  of  protector  of  (heir  ty- 
rants. He  has  forsaken  Greece, 
that  he  may  watch  over  Europe. 
IJe  has  left  the  paths  of  conquest 
marked  out  by  his  predecessors  for 
(he  personal  gratification  of  dis- 
playing his  diplomatic  talents  and 
liis  elegant  figure,  once  a  year,  in  a 
Congress  of  Sovereigns.  People 
who  think  thus,  attribute  (he  laie 
change  to  trifling  motives,  and  ssy 
that,  unable  to  invade  Turkey  or 
combat  the  revolution  in  Spain  at 
the  head  of  a  Russian  army,  he 
arouses  himself  by  making   revolu- 

—11 


(ions  among  his  own  courtirra 
Other  persons,  however,  who  re- 
gard the  influence  of  general  in- 
terests as  more  powerful  than  the 
influence  cf  "ndividuals,  see  in  the 
conduct  of  the  Russian  cabinet  the 
suggestions  of  a  profound  and  deep- 
laid  policy  rather  (!ian  the  caprices 
of  the  Monarch,  l^lie  general  and 
mtional  interest  of  Russia  is  con- 
quest, and,  if  Alexander  could  in- 
vade Turkey,  he  would  not  be  con- 
tented with  noniinally  superintend- 
ing the  affairs  of  Europe.  He 
does  not  keep  an  army  of  500,000 
men  always  ready  to  support  Di- 
vin«!  Right,  which,  in  his  own  do- 
minions, is  never  disputed.  The 
shores  of  the  Bosphorus  (the  object 
of  the  wishes  of  Russia)  will  give 
her  both  sea  and  sun.  In  the  tes- 
tament of  Peter  the  Great,  which 
still  dictates  the  conduct  of  his  suc- 
cessors, he  recommends  Rutsia  to 
be  kept  continually  ia  a  siate  of 
war,  that  Ihe  people  may  be  con- 
verted into  soldiers,  and  ready  to 
combat  at  (he  first  signal.  In  pur- 
suance of  this  recommendation,  the 
whole  na'ion  is  military  ;  (he  peas- 
antry are  soldiers — and  the  nobles 
are  officers.  The  army  which  Rus- 
sia keeps  oa  foot  is  quite  dispropor- 
tionate to  her  means,  unless  enga- 
ged in  schemes  of  conquest. 

Peter  also  recomm.ended  the 
Russian  dominions  to  be  extended 
towards  the  north  along  the  Bai(ic, 
and  (owardi  the  souih  along  the 
Black  Sea.  Alexander  has  in  con- 
sequence taken  Finland, incorpor- 
ated Poland  in  his  dominions,  and 
(he  advanced  posts  of  Russia  are 
placed  a(  Asofi'  and  Odessa. 

Peter  ^dv)sed  tha(jpalousv  ofonci 


82 


Appendix. 


another  should  be  Dourished  amon^ 
the  neighbouring'  powers,  that  they 
might  overlook  the  aggrandizement 
of  Russia  ;  that  anarchy  should  be 
encouraged  in  Poland,  its  Diets  and 
the  elections  of  its  Kings  placed 
under  the  Russian  influence,  and 
the  country  gradually  di«inenabered 
till  it  was  wholly  subjugated. 

Peter,  in  continuation,  says,  take 
care  either  by  force  o?  intrigue,  to 
mix  in  all  the  quarrels  of  Europe, 
particularly  those  of  Germany. 
Preserve  the  alliance  with  Austria: 
flatter  this  power  in  its  favorite  no- 
tion of  predominating  in  Europe, 
and  encourage  it  to  engage  in  wars 
that  they  may  weaken  and  ruin  it. 
Admirable  counsel !  which  seems 
to  hivp  been  as  equally  well  follow 
ed  as  the  rest  of  Peter's  huma.ie, 
and,  for  an  Emperor,  quite  proper 
directions. 

Peter  recommends  the  Royal 
Family  of  Russia  to  intermarry 
with  the  So\ereigns  of  Germany, 
in  order  to  multiply  family  connex- 
ions in  that  country,  and  augment 
Russian  influence.  The  present 
Emperor  is  married  to  a  Princess 
of  the  house  of  Badcu  ;  his  brother 
Constantine's  wife  is  a  Princess  of 
Cobourg;  his  brother  Nicholas  has 
married  a  Prussian  Princess  ;  his 
brother  Michael  is  to  marry  a  Prin- 
cess of  VVirtemburg  ;  and  his  sis- 
ters are  married,  one  to  the  Duke 
of  Weimar,  another  to  the  King  of 
Wirtemburg,  and  a  third  to  the 
Prince  of  Orange. 

Peter  finally  recommends  that 
religion  should  be  employed  to  gain 
an  ascendancy  over  the  Greeks  ; — 
that  the  Emperors  should  lake  the 
title  of  their  Protector,  and  ac- 
quire,as  head  of  (he  GrRek  Church, 
the  sacerdotal  supremacy  ovsr 
them. 

It  is  evident  from  the  whole  pol- 
icy of  Russia,  that  the  views  of  Pe- 
ter, the  barbarian,  have  been  punc- 
tually followed.  The  cabinet  of 
Russia  keeps  large  armies  on  foot, 
extends  its  conquests  and  its  allian- 
ces, and  does  not  even  allow  a 
Dewspaper  to  be  published  on  the 


Continent  of  Europe,  unless  it  can 
control  the  editor,  Alexander  mix- 
es in  all  the  affairs  of  Europe.  la 
1815,  he  promoted  a  popular  move- 
ment to  embarrass  its  Sovereigns, 
and  then  embraced  their  cause  to 
make  himself  their  protector,  and 
encourage  them  in  those  schemes 
of  despotism  which  he  knew  would 
make  them  odious  to  their  subjects. 
To  preserve  internal  tranquillit)', 
prevent  his  Boyards,  his  Hetmans, 
and  all  the  thousand  barbarian 
chiefs  who  hold  rule  in  his  domin- 
ions, from  setting  up  each  his  inde- 
pendent throne,  Alexander  must 
engage  them  in  some  common  pur- 
suit which  has  the  natne  of  being 
for  the  general  interest,  while  it 
gratifies  their  individual  ambition 
and  their  taste  for  wealth.  Con- 
quest is  such  a  pursuit,  and  the  on- 
ly one  which  can  occupy  them.— ■ 
He,  therefore,  or  whoever  is  on  the 
throne  of  Russia  must  proceed  in  a 
career  of  conquest  and  aggrandize- 
ment. The  instant  he  stops,  he 
will  find  enemies  at  home.  Discon- 
tent and  rebellion  have  already  be- 
gan to  manifest  themselves,  from 
the  inacMon  of  the  preceding 
year.  The  insurrection  of  the 
Greeks  was  an  excellent  opportuni- 
ty, which  the  greater  part  of  his 
subjects  loudly  called  on  the  Em- 
peror to  profit  by. — But  England 
and  Austria  interposed,  and  he  was 
obliged  to  desist,  because  it  was  in- 
convenient at  the  moment  to  quar- 
rel with  them.  The  west  of  Eu- 
rope was  not  then  sufficiently  em- 
broiled. The  quarrel  between  the 
sovereigns  and  their  people  was  on- 
ly in  its  infancy.  It  was  necessary  to 
blow  up  the  flames  in  Spain  to  find 
occupation  for  England,  and  to  in- 
volve Austria  with  Italy  and  with 
the  small  states  of  Germany  and 
Switzerland.  With  so  much  dear- 
er interests  at  stake  near  home, 
England    cannot    now   make   any  ' 

great  exertions  to  keep  Turkey 
out  of  I  he  claws  of  the  Russian  ea-  - 

gle.  Austria  dare  not  move  a  reg-  1 
irnent  towirds  the  east,  and  Russia  * 
is  preparing  to   conquer   Turkey. 


Appendix, 


83 


The  year  of  delay  lias  not  been  a 
year  of  inuction.  The  means  of 
conquest  liave  been  got  re^dy  : 
Turkey  also  has  been  weakeiieil  by 
continued  distentions,  and  will  now 
fall  an  easier  prey.  The  recent 
chancre  in  the  Russian  \dministra- 
tion  is  tlie  first  step  towards  an 
avowed  chancre  in  tlie  pujicy  of 
Russia,  and  the  ancient  hereditary 
projects  of  its  cabinet  will  now  be 
pursued  with  mo  e  vigour  than  ev- 
er.--Tiie  Queen  Dowager  and  tlie 
Russian  party  have  acquired  in- 
creased influence  by  this  change, 
and  the  Einperoi,  unable  at  present 
to  ex*.end  his  dominions  towards  his 
north  western  frontier,  seems  de- 
te  mined  not  to  allow  the  opportu- 
nity to  escape  of  adding  to  his  ter- 
ritory in  the  other  direction.  Al- 
ready the  signal  is  given  for  a 
march  towards  the  Bosphorus  ;  the 
Emperor  is  to  be  at  the  head  of 
bis  troops,  and  Constaotinopie  is 
probably  the  glittering  prize  which 
be  holds  out  to  stimulate  their  valor 
and  ambitnn. — Eng.  Paper. 

The  Emperor  Alexander  w.is  to 
leave  Saint  Petersburg  on  the  se- 
cond of  August,  and  would  travel 
into  Bessarabia. 

TURKEY.  A  dreadful  fire  broke  out 
on  the  13lh  of  July,  at  Constantinople. 
2500  houses  were  in  a  short  time  de- 
strojed,  together  with  the  naval  aisenal, 
a  74  ship  of  the  line,  two  corvettes,  5 
brigs,  and  110  vessels. 

A  letter  from  Corfu,  dated  July 
9,  gives  interesting  intelligence 
from  the  Greeks.  The  Turks  had 
attempted  to  penetrate  Into  Greece 
through  ThermopylzE.  ^  he  Greeks 
obtained  -a  splendid  victory  over 
them.  "  Odysseus  the  Greek  chief- 
tain, defended  the  pass  of  Ther- 
inopyljB  with  unconquerable  reso- 
lution, although  he  had  only  2000 
men  at  the  commencement  of  the 
conflict,  whilst  IVIehmot,  the  Turk- 
ish Pacha,  attacked  him  with  8000 
Europeans  and  7000  Asiatic  Infant- 
ry, besides  3000  cavalry.  The 
Greeks  lost  upwards  of  700  men  ; 
but  after  f^our  hours  constant  fight- 
ing,   reinforcemeats  arrived,  and 


the  Turks  experienced  a  total  de- 
feat. Part  of  them  threw  them- 
selves into  the  castle  of  Zeitouni, 
which  was  taken  by  storm  ;  and 
aniilher  capitulated  in  the  town  of 
Deningo.  Meanwhile  the  other 
Turkish  corps,  which  had  advanced 
from  C.irystos,  was  also  repulsed. 
There  remains  therefore  only  the 
cor|)s  of  the  Pacha  of  Scutaii  to 
combat,  and  it  is  highly  probable 
that  this  campaign  will  termitiale 
as  igncminiously  for  the  Turks,  as 
those  by  which  it  has  been  prece- 
ded. While  the  Greeks  were  gath- 
ering these  brilliant  laurels,  the 
Tuiks,  with  their  oqiiadron,  were 
plundering  twelve  merchanftnen  iu 
the  waters  of  Missolunghi,  and 
hanging  au  Italian  captain  !  A 
G.eek  fleet  of  120  sail  was  in  pur- 
suit of  the  Turkish  squadron." 

From  Spain  we  have  intelligence 
of  a  very  favorable  nature  to  the 
Constitutionalists. — In  Cadiz,  there 
appeared  to  be  nothing  but  one 
general  feeling  of  unanimity  and 
conviction,  thr>t  the  French 
would  net  succeed.  Ik  the  Isla 
there  were  22.000  troops,  and  the 
city  was  full  of  volunteers  and  mi- 
litia.— There  has  been  an  attack 
made  upon  Corunna,  by  a  French 
force  of  10,000  men.  After  inef- 
fectual attempts,  for  12  days,  to 
get  possession  of  the  city,  the 
French,  finding  it  useless  to  perse- 
vere, retreated  with  great  loss. 
A  successful  sdrtie  is  said  to  have 
been  made  8th  of  July,  from  Bar- 
celona, in  which  600  of  the  French 
were  killed,  and  2000  wounded. 
The  French  ministerial  papers  re- 
mark, that  a  flag  of  truce  had 
teen  sent  into  Cadiz,  requiring  the 
Cortas  to  surrender.  The  report- 
ed answer  returned  was  as  fol- 
lows : — The  Cortes  will  listen  to 
no  terms — and  will,  for  the  future 
receive  no  flags  of  truce.  They 
will  perish  rather  than  sacrifice 
one  atom  of  their  dignity;  and  if 
they  cannot  maintain  themselves  in 
Cadiz,  they  are  resolved  to  embark 
for   America,   carrying   with  them 


84 


Apptndix. 


(he  King,  the   Royal   Family,  and  how   their  late    companioDs  fell 

all    the     regalia.     If,    when     they  The  guerilla  warfare  vve  dread.    I 

have  done  th.s,  they  cannot  escape  we  disperse  a  party,  and  capture  o 

the  French  fleet,  they  are  resolved  kill  their  leader  atone  pass,  we  are 


JVewburyport  Herald. 


,     ■   ,  ,1  .     ,  . -,  -   — '■ pass,  we  are 

to  sink  IhG  vessel  which  bears  them,  sure  of  meeting  a  more  fortunate 
and  tlius  to  jilace  beyond  the  pow-  successor  at  the  next." 
er  of  French  tyranny,  the  king, 
the  government,  and  the  represen- 
tatives of  the  Spanish  nation."  Triomph  of  Colombia.  We 
O'j  the  whole,  from  what  we  can  have  at  length  (says  thf; New- York 
glean  of  transactions  in  Spain,  from  Mercantile  Advertiser)  the  satis- 
the  events  at  Cornnna,  from  the  an-  faction  to   announce  the   termina- 


tion of  the  war  in  Colombia.  The 
wily  Morales  has  at  last  been 
forced  to  surrender  at  discretioD 
to  the  Republican  arms.  Porto 
Cavello,  the  only  remaining   place 


swer  of  the  Cortes,  ?nd  the  pre 
parations  at  Cad)z,we  think  that  the 
Spaniards  are  far  from  being  dis- 
couraged.    There  is  a    large    and 

vig-oroiis   party  in  Spain,  who  are  ^  or 

determined  to  expel  the  IVench  garrisoned  by  the  Spaniards,  "^falls 
from  it.— They  have  been  through  of  course.  This  interesting  intel- 
a  great  variety  of  disaster?  and  se-  ligcnce  is  brought  by  Capt.  Smith, 
vere  losses,  unremitting  in  their  ef-  of  the  brig  Gleaaer,  from  Rio  de 
forts  to  recruit  their  own  strength  la  Hache,  who  has  communicated 
and  harrass  the  enemy.  Gieams  the  following  particulars,  being  all 
of  success  have  now  begun  to  dawn  that  we  are  yet  ir.  possession  of. 
upon  them.  Their  numbers  are  Gen.  Morales  capitulated  on  the 
continually  increased  b)'  additions  4th  of  August,  giving  up  every 
of  bold,  determined  and  active  thing.  He  was  to  proceed  to  Cuba 
characters.  They  are,  it  is  true,  with  seven  or  eight  hundred  of  his 
opposed  by  a  faction  of  their  own  troops,  being-  all  that  remained  of 
C)untrymen,but  bj' a  faction  which  his  army,  who  were  natives  of  old 
having  once  been  base  enough  to  Spain.  He  had  engaged  never 
desert  the  cause  of  the  country  and  again  to  take  up  arms  against  Co- 
join  its  enemies,  will  one  day  re-  lombia.  Great  lejoicings  and  illu- 
verse,  if  they  do  not  openly  espouse  minations  had  taken  place  at  Rio 
the  cause  of  their  own  countrymen,  Hache,  and  all  the  places  where 
at  lensl,with  less  compunction  than  the  news  was  received.  Gen.  Ber- 
they  deserted  the  cuuse  of  country,  mudez,  who  was  to  assume  the  com- 
abandon  their  French  Allies.  mand  at  Rio  Hache,  had  just  arri- 

Tlie  London    Courier  gives  it  as    ved  there  rn  the  sloop  of  war  Boli- 
certain,  that  Portugal  has  refused    v<tr,  from  Laguira. 
becoming  a  party  jn  Spanish  alter- 


cations. 

A  letter  from  a  French  officer  to 
his  father  in  law,  a  Spanish  gentle- 
man, gives  ns  a  very  favorable  ac- 
count    of    the    Constitutionalists. 


PRUSSIA.  The  King  of  Prussia  has 
published  a  decree,  dated  June  5th, 
which  states  that  his  majesty  has  "  re- 
solved to  introduce  representative  as- 
semblies into  the  monarchy,  and  to  that 
end   to    establish  Provincial  Assemblies 


S,)eaking  of  tl  e  prospects  of  the  in  the  spirit  of  the  ancient  German 
French  army,  he  says,  "Our  num-  ^ 
bers  gradually  lessen  by  sickness, 
by  assassinations,  by  slight  skir- 
mishes. Spaniards  have  not  for- 
gotten that  upwards  of  500,000 
Frenchmen  crossed   the   Pyrenees 


Constitution,  such  as  the  peculiar  situa- 
tion of  the  country,  and  the  spirit  of  the 
times  require." 


Ingenuity. — A  London  paper 
states  that  a  Mr.  Bedel  has  written 
Goldsmith's  Deserted  Village,  the 
under  the  eagle  of  Bonaparte,  and  Traveller,  Retaliation,  Stanzas  on 
of  those  who  returned  how  few  ^j^g  ^^^■^J^^  of  Quebec,  and  a  son- 
could  relate   correctiv  when   and 


Apptndix* 


85 


net — the  whole  composinp^  1038 
Jines,  and  about  40,000  letters,  ia  a 
square  iwo  and  a  half  bj  two  and  a 
third  iaches.  Tliere  are  no  abbre- 
viations, and  it  may  be  distinctly 
read  with  a  niag'nifying'  plass. 

In  England,  the  power  of  steam  has 
boeu  rendered  subservient  to  the  break- 
ing of  stones  for  tlie  construction  of 
loads.  A  machine  lias  been  inveiited, 
consisting  of  two  fluted  rollers,  placed 
side  by  side,  about  an  inch  apart,  and 
turning  different  ways.  The  stuncs  are 
put  in  a  kind  of  hopper  above,  and  push- 
ed down  with  a  rake,  which  aflord  a 
regular  sujjjily  to  the  rollers.  The  ma- 
chine is  worked  by  a  natatory  engine  of 
one  horse  power,  and  will  bii  ak  a  ton 
of  hard  pebbles  completely  in  from  six 
to  eight  minutes. 

Great  Fires  in  Maine.  A  Cir- 
cular, from  the  towns  of  Wiscasset  and 
Alna,  has  beeii  published,  relating  to  the 
extraordinary  desolation,  by  tire,  in 
those  and  other  towns,  and  we  trust  that 
such  measures  will  be  adopted  as  to  af- 


ford the  most  efficient  charity  to  the  suf- 
ferers. A  letter  from  Wiscasset,  Sept. 
17th,  says,  "The  fires  around  ii.«  have 
still  a  threatening  appearance,  and  can- 
not be  wholly  subdued  until  wc  have 
some  heavy  rains.  I  consider  oursuf- 
feiings  as  great  as  those  at  Savannah  or 
St.  Johns, (when  formerly  visited  l)y  con- 
flagrations) in  proportion  to  o'.ir  popula- 
tion."   

Bishop  Cheverus.  This  amiable 
and  learned  divine  preached  a  farewell 
discourse  on  Sunday  Sept.  21,  at  the 
Catholic  Chapel,  in  Boston.  He  is  to 
embark  for  fiance  in  a  very  few  days. 
An  affectionate  address  has  been  made  to 
him  by  his  flnrk,  and  an  anpropriate  an- 
swer rcUurncd  by  the  Bishop. 

Mr.  JosCjih  Stevens,  a  youno-  ninn 
from  the  Stnte  of  Maine,  attendi.ig- 
at  the  New  England  Must-um.  has 
attracted  some  attention.  He  is 
in  the  20th  year  of  his  ajre,  27  1-2 
inches  iu  heiglit,  weiglis  24  lbs.  is 
well  formed,  and  is  a  young-  man  cf 
good  undej  standing. 


COLLEGIATE  RECORD  FOR  1823. 


College. 


Day  of    Com- 
mencement. 


AB. 

A.M 

Dickinson,  Penn. 

July  -2. 

I'j 

5 

Alleghany,  Penn. 

Julv  -. 

Transylvania,  Ken. 

July  9. 

32 

9 

Union,  N.  Y. 

July  23. 

67 

Columbia,  N.  Y. 

Aug.  5. 

29 

9 

Washington,  Md. 

Aug.    7. 

4 

Waterville,  Me. 

Aug.  13. 

3 

2* 

Vermont  University, 

Aug.  13. 

7 

3 

Dartmouth,  N.  H. 

Aug.  20. 

34 

13 

Middlebury,  Vt. 

Aug.  27. 

17 

9 

Harvard,  Mass. 

Aug.  27. 

35 

44 

Brown,  R.  I. 

Sept.    3. 

27 

14 

B'lwdoin,  Me. 

Sept.    3. 

31 

12 

Williams,  Mass. 

Sept.    3. 

7 

10 

Hamilton,  N.  Y. 

Sept.    3. 

33 

o 

Yale,  Conn. 

Sept.  10. 

72 
417 

24 

*  Of  Brown  College. 

159 

Honorary  Degrees. 


M. 

MD 

D.D 

" 

1 

2 

1 
1 

3 

3 

2 

1 

2 

2 

3 

2 

2 

3 

2 

1 

1 

5 

4 

2 

Q 

2 

4 

1 

8 

17 

19 

The  Honorary  Degrees  of  D.  D.  and  LT.,.  D.  conferred  by  the  preceding  institu- 
tions were  as  follows,  viz.  By  Dickinson  College,  D.  D.  on  Rev.  Philip  Liiidsey  ;  by 
Alleghany  College,  D.  D.  on  Rev  John  Ferguson  (Jrier,  LL.  D.  on  Hon.  C.  IJi.  Col- 
den  and  Hon.  James  Ross;  by  Transylvania  University,  D.  D.  on  Rev.  James 
Fishback,  and  LL.  D.  on  Hon.  John  Rmvan  of  Ken..  Hon.  Jacob  Burnet  of  Ohio, 
and  Hugh  L.  White  ;  by  Union  College.  D.  D.  on  Rev.  N.  W.  Taylor  of  New-Ha- 
ven, Rev.  Jonathan  Wainwright  and  Kev.  William  Murray  of  New-York  ;  by  Co- 
lumbia College,  D.  D.  on  Rev.  Joiiu  Ravenscroft  and  Rev.  Chauncey  Lee,  of  Conn, 
and  LL.  D.  on  Hon.  Andirose  '>pence',  late  CUiel'-Justice  of  S.  C.  in  N.  York,  Hon. 
JVathaniel  Sanford,  Chancellor  of  the  Slate  of  N.  Y.  and  Hon.  LdwarJ  Livingston, 


86  Appendix. 

of  New-Orleans ;  by  Vermont  University,  LL.  D.  on  Hon.  C.  P.  Van  Npss,  Govei- 
nor  of  tliat  State  ;  by  Dartmouth  College,  LL.  D.  on  Hon.  Jrremiah  Mnson,  Hon. 
Daniel  Webster,  and  on  iiis  Excellency  Levi  Woodbury,  Governor  of  the  State  ; 
by  lVashins;ton  College,  D.  D.  on  Rev.  Jo'nn  Emory,  of  Marylami  ;  by  Middlehu- 
ry  College,  D.  D.  on  Rev.  Bennet  Tyler,  Presidentof  Dartmouth  Collej^e,  Rev.  He- 
nrui  Humphrey  of  PittsfieUI,  Ms.  and  Rev.  Henry  Axtell  of  Geneva,  N.  Y.,  and 
LL.  D.  on  Hon".  John  N.  Henry  of  Albany,  N.  Y. ;  by  Harvdrd  College,  D.  D.  on 
Rev.  Charles  Low^ell  of  Boston,  fe  R^  v.  Prof.  Moses  Stuart  of  Andover,  and  LL.  D. 
on  his  Excellency  William  Enstis,  governor  of  Massachusetts,  Hon.  Dudley  A. 
Tyng,  and  George  Bliss,  of  Miss.  ;  by  Broum  University,  D.  D.  on  Rev.  Nathaniel 
Heiidrick  of  Hampton,  N.  Y.  and  Rev.  Adoniram  Judson  of  Burniah,  Asia,  &  LL.D. 
on  Hon.  Tristram  Burges  and  Natlianiel  Searles  of  N.  Y.  ;  by  Bowdoin  College, 
D.  D.  on  Rev.  Nathin  Parker  of  Poitsmouth;  bv  Williams  College,  D.  D.  on  Rev. 
John  Hubbard  Ciurch,  of  Pelhain,  N.  H.,  and  Rev.  Giles  H.  Cowles,  of  Ohio  ;  by 
Yale  College,  D.  D.  on  iiev.  Jimes  M.  Matthews  of  N  Y.,  and  LL.  D.  on  Hon. 
Ja.nes  Hillhouse  ami  N.ih  Webs'er  of  Ne\v-Hav»\i,  Hon*  Stephen  T.  Hosmer, 
Chief  Justice  of  the  S.  C.  of  Conn.,  and  on  Levi  Hedge,  Professor  of  Logic  and 
Metaphysics  at  Harvard  colK  ge. 

The  Connecticut  Journal  estimates  the  number  of  graduates  of  the  several  Col- 
leges in  the  United  States  who  have  completed  their  education  the  present  year  at 
ah:  ut  650 :  and  then  remarks — As  the  number  of  graduates  is  usually  about  one 
fifth  part  of  the  number  of  students,  the  whole  number  of  young  men  who  have 
been  pursuing  their  studies  at  our  colleges  during  t'le  past  j'ear,  may  be  estimated 
at  3,200,  or,  on  an  average,  one  in  every  3,000  of  our  population.  The  proportion  is 
different,  however,  iti  different  parts  of  ^ur  countr".  The  states  west  of  the  Alleg- 
hany mountains,  which  contain  move  than  2,000,000  inhabitants,  do  not  furnish 
probably  4  tO  students,  or  one  in  5.000  of  t'.ieir  pi-pulation:  while  according  to  a 
statement  which  iecently  appeartd  in  the  Boston  Daily  Advertiser,  Massachusetts 
alone  has  518  students  in  the  New-England  colleges,  oronefor  1000  nihabitants. 


MONTHLY  REGISTER  OF  DEATHS, 

WITH  CONCISE  BIOGRAPjaiCAL   NOTICKS. 

In  Bii'erica,  Mass.  Sept.  5,  Rev.  Hen-  was  ordained  his  colleague,  January  26, 
B.Y  Cu-viiNGS,  D.  D.,  in  tlie  84th  year  1814,  exactly  51  years  after  the  settle- 
of  his  age,  and  the  61st  from  the  time  of  ment  of  the  venerable  man  with  whom 
his  ordination.  He  had  been  the  longest  he  was  to  be  associated.  Dr.  Cumings 
in  the  ministry  of  any  clergyman  living  was  frequently  honored  with  appoint- 
in  the  coiimonwealth  of  Massachu-  ments  to  preach  on  public  occasions, 
setts.  Dr.  Cumings  was  a  native  of  Hoi-  and  his  sermons  at  such  times  were  al- 
lis,  in  New-Hampshire,  where  he  was  ways  pertinent,  and  were  well  appreci- 
born  September  28,  1739.  He  gradua-  ated.  in  1800,  he  was  complimented 
ted  at  Harvard  College  in  1760,  beiiig  by  Harvard  College  with  the  honorary 
the  thfird  person  of  his  native  town  wi-:o  degiee  of  Doctor  in  Divinity.  He  was 
received  a  liberal  education.  He  was  considered  by  his  contemporaries  as  one 
ordained  the  fourth  minister  of  Billeri-  of  the  most  d-istinguished  divines  of 
ca,  January  26,  1763,  in  which  office,  he  New-England.  His  printed  discourses, 
remained  a'lone,  and  discharged  to  uni-  of  whicli  he  published  fourteen,  afford 
versal  acceptance  his  ministerial  du'ies  evidence  of  superior  talents,  united  with 
for  50  years.  At  the  completion  of  this  a  sound  judgment  and  great  vigor  of  in- 
period,  he  preached  a  half  century    set-  tellect. 

mon  to  his  peop'e,  in  which,  from  the  ap-  In  Wrentham,  Mass.  Rev.  William 
propriate  texU  "  I  have  been  yoting  and  WILLIAMS,  A.  M.  pastor  of  the  Bap- 
noio  am  old."  he  reviewed  the  transac-  tist  church  in  tha'  town.  He  was  a  na- 
tions of  that  place  during  the  period  of  tivp  of  Pennsylvania— was  one  of  the 
his  ministry,  stated  the  infirmities  under  two  surviving  members  of  the  first  class 
which  he  labored,  and  requested  the  of  Brown  universitv,  who  graduated  at 
people  to  provide  for  him  an  assistant  in  Warren.  R.  1.  in  1769;  the  otlier  being 
his  parocliial  duties.  The  peonle  of  his  Rev.  William  Rogers,  D.  D.,  of  Phila- 
charge,  much  to  their  honor,  immediate-  delphia. 

ly  complied  with    his   request,  and  gave  Tn  Wroxeter.  England,  Rev.  EoMXriSfD 

a  call  to  Rev.  Nathaniel  Whitman,  who  Daiva,  84,  brother  of  the  late  chief  jus- 


Apptnd 


IX, 


87 


tlce  Francis  Dana  of  Mass.  He  gradu- 
ated at  Haivaid  college  in  1759,  and, 
exrei'ting  the  Hon.  Paine  VVmgate  of 
Sirathani,  in  this  state,  and  Mi.  T.  W. 
White,  was  tlie  last  living  of  liis  class. 

Near  New-York,  Sepi.  Major  General 
Ebenezer  Stkvens  72.  He  was  a 
native  of  Boston,  and  entered  the  army 
of  the  U.  S.  as  an  ariificer,  and  after- 
wards sustained  vilhhigli  reputation  the 
rank  of  Lieut.  Colonel  of  Artillery.  At 
the  close  of  the  great  conicit,  lie  settled 
in  New- York,  and  became  one  of  the 
most  enterprising  merciiants,  valuable 
citizens  and  useful  disciplinarians  of  tiiat 
capital.  For  many  years,  he  command- 
ed the  division  of  tlie  artillery  i;^  that 
state,  and  was  Vice-President  of  the  So- 
ciety of  Cincinnati. 

In  Marietta,  Ohio,  Gen.  RuFOs  FcT- 
NAM,  a  native  of  Massacliusf  tts,  a  dis- 
tinguished officer  of  the  revolutionary 
army.  Under  his  direction  and  superin- 
tendance,  the  first  settlement  of  Ohio 
was  commenced  at  Marietta  in  1788. 

In  Ohio,  Hon.  Emjah  Boardman, 
of  New-Milford,  C.-nn.  a  senator  ol  the 
U.  S.  from  Connecticut. 

In  Virginia,  Hon.  John  W.  Eppes, 
50.  He  had  served  in  both  branches  of 
Congress  with  distinguished  reputation, 
and  was  respected  and  beh-ved  in  all  the 
wilks  of  private  life.  He  married  a 
daughter  of  tlie  venerable  Jeflerson  ;  the 
died  several  years  sin-e. 

In  Frankfort,  Ken.  Sept.  1,  Hon.  Jo- 
seph C.  Breckenridge,  secretary 
of  state,  and  formerly  a  member  of  Con- 
gress. In  Philadelphia,  Sept.  17,  Com- 
modore John  Shaw,  50,  a  worthy  offi- 
cer of  the  U.S.  Navy.  In  Brooklyn, 
N.  Y.  John  Wells,  Esq.  of  the  city 
of  New- York,  one  of  the  most  distin- 
guished lawyers  of  that  state. 

In  Hatborough,  Penn.  Sept.  14,  Dr. 
William  Bachellor,  75,  a  hero  of 
the  revolution.  He  assisted  in  dressing 
the  wounds  of  those  who  first  bled  at 
Lexington  in  the  cause  of  tlieir  country, 
and  was  present  at  the  capture  of  Bur- 
goyne.  He  was  born  in  Haverhill, Ms.and 
for  thirty-three  years  was  eminently  suc- 
cessful as  a  practitioner  of  medicine  in 
the  vicinity  where  he  resided. 

Near  Trenton,  N.  Y.  CoL  Lambert 
CadwAllader,  80.  He  commanded 
a  regiment  in  the  revolutionary  contest, 
and  was  a  mcmb?r  of  Cungress  from 
New-Jersey  in  1794  and  several  other 
years. 

In  Bordentown,  Sept.  15, Baron  Hen- 
ry Lallemand,  commandant  of  the 
Legion  of  Honor,  officer  of  the  order  of 
tlic  Re-union,  (General  of  the  Artillery 
in  the  late  Imperial  Guard  of  France, 


fcc.  Having,  with  Generals  Lcfclvrt 
and  his  bruiKer  Charles  LalUviand  tak- 
en a  decided  part  against  Louis  XVHI., 
and  the  Bourbon  family,  on  the  return  of 
Napoleon  from  Elba,  he  was,  with  these 
two  officers,  among  the  first,  condemned 
to  death  for  contumacy ;  but  he  was 
with  them,  fortunate  enough  to  effi-ct  his 
escape  to  this  country.  Ihie  he  pub- 
lished a  work  wn  Artillery  of  great  mer- 
it ;  a  work  whicli  is  considered  as  devel- 
oping and  making  known  the  best  system 
of  modern  tactics.  Gen.  L  left  a  widow 
and  young  daughter. 

In  Newport,  R.  I.  Gen.  Daniel 
Sheldon,  71,  a  revolutiuuary  paiiiot 
and  many  yeirs  Major  General  of  the 
militia  of  R.  L 

III  Portsmouth,  N.  H.  Sept.  18,  Mr. 
Hk.\ry  Haven,  55,  a  worthy  and  es- 
teemed citizen. 

InConco.d,  Aue.  26,  Rev.  William 
M"InSTRY,  61  sonof  the  late  Dr.  M'- 
Instry  of  T»unton,  Mass.  He  was  late- 
ly an  Episcopal  Clergyman  in  England, 
and  returned,  about  tiiree  monihs  since, 
to  his  native  country,  after  an  absence 
of  more  than  forty  years.  In  Rumney, 
Aug.  27,  David  Gibson,  Esq.,  50,  an 
eminent  ph^'siciau  of  tba'  town. 

In  England,  General  Sir  CHARLES 
ASGILL,  70.  This  officer,  when  a  cap- 
tain, and  a  prisoner  to  the  American 
arms  in  the  war  of  the  revolution,  was 
designated,  by  lot,  to  be  executed  in  re- 
taliation for  the  barbarous  execution  of 
Capt.  Lipp>'ncot,  of  the  American  army, 
by  the  British  in  New-York,  in  case  the 
murderers  of  the  American  Capt.  were 
not  given  up.  Delay  was  produced  by 
the  promises  of  the  British  general  to 
seek  out  and  |)unish  the  authors  of  the 
outrage.  The  peiilous  situatien  of  Capt. 
Asgill  occasioned  a  great  sensation  in 
England:  I-ady  Asgill  his  mother,  re- 
paired to  P:iris,  and  supplicated  the 
Queen  of  France  to  interpose  her  solici- 
tation to  the  American  commander  in  his 
behalf;  the  petition  of  Lady  Asgill  to 
the  Queen,  which  has  been  published,  is 
considereil  ona  of  the  most  pathetic  ap- 
peals in  the  English  language.  Washing- 
ton held  Capt.  Asgill  until  the  enemy 
wholly  changed  his  conduct  in  relation 
to  the  treatment  of  prisoners,  and  made 
assurances  that  executions  would  not 
be  repeated,  after  which  he  counterman- 
ded the  order  of  his  (xecution,  and  res- 
tored him  to  his  atllicted  family  and 
friends.  Also  the  Marquis  of  CoRN- 
WALLIS,  49,  son  of  Gen.  CornvvalHs, 
who  surrendered  at  Yorktown  to  Gen. 
Washington. 

In  Lonilon.  WILLIAM  COOMBE,  Esq. 

81,  author  of  Dr.  Syntax,  &.c. 


88 


Appendix. 


In  Bavaria,  Prince  EuGENE  BEAtr- 
HARNOis,  Prince  of  Eickstatit,  and 
Duke  of  Liuchtenberg,  aged  43.  He 
was  son  of  tlie  Ex-Empress  of  France, 
JosBjjhine,  and  married  tlie  Bavarian 
Princess  Augusta  Amelia,  in  1806,  but 
had  no  issue  by  her.  He  was  Viceroy 
of  Italy  many  years,  and  filled  a  large 
space  in  Napoleon's  wars. 

In  Magdeburg,  the  celebrated  French 
Revolutionary  Statesman,  Carnot,  70, 
a  member  with  Bonaparte  of  the  French 
Consular  Executive. 

LONGEVITY. 

In  England,  Mr.  Humphrey  Philli- 
niore,  100. — Inlrthington.  Eng.  June  13, 
Mr.  Rob  rt  Bowman,  118.  He  was  born 
in  Oct.  1705.  and  recollected  the  rebellion 
of  1715.  He  was  from  his  early  youth, 
a  hard  working  man — never  used  tea  or 
coffee, and  scarcely  ever  tasted  of  ale  or 
spirits— took  no  medicine  and  was  visited 
with  no  illness  but  twice  in  his  life.     His 


principal  fbod  was  bread,  potatoes  and 
hasty  pudding — his  drink,  water  or  milk. 
— In  Quebec,  Laughlin  Smith,  Esq.  100. 

In  Wilmington,  Del.  Mrs.  Elizabeth 
Deford,  95.— In  New-York,  Mrs.  Jane 
Wendover,  92.— In  Pennfield,  N.  Y. 
Mrs.  Elizabeth  Robb,  91. — In  Somerset 
county,  Mil.  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Parks,  115 
yrs.  5  mo. — In  Lenox,  Mass.  Mrs.  Lew- 
is, widow  of  Medad  Lewis,  108. — In 
Templeton,  Mass.  Mis.  Sarah  Haskell, 
90.— In  New-Salem,  Mass.  Wid.  Rebec- 
ca Marvel,  95 — In  Salem,  Mass.  Sept. 
2i6,  Mrs.  Mary  Henman,  105. 

Jn  JVew- Hampshire.  In  Weare,  Aug. 
30,  Wid.  Beulah  Philbrick,  93,  the  oldest 
person  in  that  town.  In  Amherst,  Mr. 
Thomas  Woolson,  93. — In  Gilmanton, 
Wid.  Saiah  Moulton,  91.— In  Straffoid„ 
Sept.  6,  Mr.  Perry  Hixon,  99. — In  Ches- 
terfield, Seit.  10,  Mr.  Nathaniel  Bacon, 
96. — In  Winchester,  Sept.  14,  Daniel 
Hawkins,  Esq.  95. 


THERMOMETRICAL    AND    METEOROLOGICAL  OBSERVATIONS, 
FOR  JULY,  1823. 


At  Portsmouth,  in  lot.  43°  4'. 

M  Hopkinton  in  lat.  43°  IT. 

c=; 

s 

S 

C 

s 

2 

s^ 

<f 

cu 

..,■ 

Winds  and  Weather. 

>> 

'iZ 

CL 

cC 

Obsi:rvations. 

O 

c* 

"Z, 

Q 

c/5 

— 

02 

1 

6  , 

8l" 

74 

W  .  Fair 

1 

56 

83 

73 

W.  Fair 

2 

n 

84 

74 

W.  Fair;  hazy 

2 

34 

91 

71 

Same 

3 

G4 

62 

56 

E.  Fair  ;  high  wind 

3 

67 

72 

53 

NE.  Fair 

4 

58 

74 

57 

NE.toS.Fair 

4 

42 

82 

62 

£.  St.  Fair 

5 

?S 

77 

vV.  Fair 

5 

54 

92 

76 

SE.  Fair  ;  cloudy 

6 

S5 

64 

60 

E.  Riin 

6 

65 

67 

62 

NE.  Rain  ;  cloudy;  fair 

7 

64 

70  60 

Cloudy 

7 

61 

81 

67 

NE.  SE.Hazy  ;  fair 

8 

67 

75 

70 

W.  Showers.mom;  fair 

8 

64 

84 

72 

SE.  SW.  Same 

9 

72 

86 

7.i 

VV.  Fair 

9 

67 

89 

76 

W.  NW.  Fair 

10 

.■:8 

?7 

72 

E.  to  S.  Fair 

10  62 

89 

76 

W.  Fair 

11 

(•)K 

81 

6'j 

Variable  ;  showers  ;  fair 

11 

67 

)3 

68 

W.  SW.  Thunder  showeri 

12 

75 

■^6 

76 

W.  Fair 

12 

64 

83 

71 

W.  S.  Fair 

13 

75 

P-0 

65 

Same 

13 

66 

73 

61 

W.  Fair 

14 

D.J 

78 

To  .Same 

14 

64 

76 

67 

W.  Fair;  flying  clouds 

15 

f-6 

65 

Gj> 

S.  Rain 

15 

62 

66 

62 

SW    Cloudy  ;  Rain 

16 

67 

7., 

6o 

SE.  Cloudy  ;  rain 

16 

55 

77 

60 

S.  SE.  NE.  Cloudy  ;  rain 

17 

63 

,'8 

64 

SE.  Fair 

17 

^2 

77  66 

NE.NW.  Fair 

18 

a5 

70 

5'.i 

SE.  Cloudy 

18 

62 

79 

63 

W.  SW.  Cloudy 

19 

6' 

74 

60 

NW.  Fair 

19 

58 

71 

57 

NW.  Fair 

20 

6' 

78 

64 

S:ime 

20 

42 

76 

59 

NW.  Fair;  Flying  clouds 

2! 

b2 

6'!57 

SE.  Fair;  light  clouds 

21 

50 

75 

59 

NW.  NE.  Fair 

22 

61 

:3 

GO 

"i.iine 

22 

54 

81 

62 

NE.  SE.  Fair 

23 

63 

74 

64 

Same 

23 

57 

85 

67 

SE.  Fair 

24 

iV> 

71 

S.  Hazy  ;  fair 

24 

60 

85 

67 

S  SW.  Fair 

25 

711 

78 

6:i 

S.  Cloudy  ;  rain 

25 

62 

82 

64 

S.  SW.  Fair;  cloudy  ;  rain 

26 

6j 

72 

.J 

SE.  Rain  ;  fair 

26 

60 

74 

64 

NE.  E.  Rain  ;  cloudy ;  fair 

27 

7o!  ,4 

Si  me 

27 

65 

84 

69 

E.  S.  SW.  Same 

28 

T. 

81 

68 

NW.  Fair 

28 

64 

80 

67 

NW.  Fair 

29 

72 

73 

•i8 

Fair ;  showers 

29 

61 

76 

69 

SW.  Cloudy  ;  rain  :  cloudy 

30 

65 

7  J 

63 

SE.  Rain 

30 

65 

67|64 

SE.  E.  Cloudy  ;  thunder  sh. 

31 

|62 

67 

61 

|E.  Cloudy 

31 

62 

|69 

162 

E.  Cloudv                    L.  L. 

ji^m'!^3m, 


->►►•••«— 


PUBLIC  AFFAIRS  IN  OCTOBER. 


'P'trvionf.  — Hon.  Richard  Skinner 
is  apijoiiitccl  Ciiief  Judge  of  the  Superi- 
or Cuurt  of  tlvs  state,  and  the  Hon. 
Ckari.es  K.  Williams  and  Asa 
AlKERS,  Esq.,  Assistant  Judges. 

Tlie  l^l^islatu^e  of  Tennpssec  has  de- 
clared Gen.  Wm.  Carrom,  duly  elect- 
ed Governor  of  the  state  for  the  ensuing 
two  years.  Daniel  Graham  and 
Matthew  Niclson.  Esqs.,  are  re- 
elected Secretary  and  Treasurer.  It  has 
been  proposed  in  tlie  legislature  to  lay 
off  the  state  into  eleven  Electoral  Dis- 
tricts. Gen.  Andrew  Jacksojv,  the 
hero  of  New-Orleans,  has  been  elected 
Senator  from  this  state,  in  place  of  Mr. 
Williams. 

John  Andrew  Shblze,  Es^.,  is 
•lecied  Governor  of  Pennsylvania  for  the 
nc.Kt  three  years.  Andrew  Gregg,  Esq., 
was  the  other  candidate — both  demo- 
erats. 

Congress  will  meet  early  in  Decem- 
ber. This  session  might  well  be  dis- 
pensed with  by  the  people,  as  tlicy  have 
no  important  business  to  he  done  at 
Washington  this  winter  :  the  salary 
men,  indeed,  will  think  it  necessary  thht 
Appropriation  Laws  should  be  passed 
providing  for  their  subsistenre  :  and  it 
certainly  is  very  necessary,  for  many  of 
them  would  starve  without  their  sala- 
ries.— Sal.  Gaz. 

The  number  of  Indians  on  Martha's 
Vineyard,  accordiiig  to  a  recent  report 
from  Mr.  Bailies,  the  resident  teacher 
there,  is  about  400,  of  which  244  are  at 
Gay  Head.— jVa7i<Mc/cc<  Inquirer. 

Severe  frosts  have  been  experienced 
in  Maryland  and  Virginia,  which  have 
materially  aft'ected  the  Tobacco  crops. 
It  is  stated  that  at  least  one  half  of  the 
present  crop  is  destroyed.     ."* 

A  Pliilndelphia  paper  advocates  the 
utility  of  introducing  newspapers  into 
Public  Schools.  Publications  of  this 
kind,  judiciously  selected,  might  be  use- 
M  in  giving  youth  an  early  knowledge 
of  interesting  events,  in  our  own  and 
foreign  countries. 

The  Providence  Journal  smtes,  that  at 
the  late  Cattle  Sliow  in  Rhodc-Jsland, 
"  Dr.  Benj.  Dyer,  of  ^Providence?  ap- 
peared elad  JH  a  complete  suit  of  silk, 
—  12 


of  a  superior  quality,  manufactured  in 
his  own  family,  even  from  the  culture  of 
the  trees  to  the  growing  of  the  worms, 
producing  the  material." 

The  first  Plougliing  Match,  in  the  Uni- 
ted States,  was  at  Brighton. 

Dama<;k  bt  Flood — It  is  estima- 
teil  that  damage  to  tlie  amount  of  $3,- 
000,000,  was  done  by  the  late  floods  of 
the  Mississippi,  independent  of  the  in- 
caJruhtble  loss  to  the  city  ojf  Natchez, 
by  the  lever  generated  there. 

Accounts  from  Batavia,  slate  that  the 
Dutch  c.xjierfition  sent  to  Padang  for  the 
purpose  of  extending  their  territories  t» 
that  Islanil,  have  been  dreadfully  cut  up 
by  the  Padres,  (Mouninineers  or  Woods- 
men) a  sect  iuhabitiug  strong  holds  in 
the  mountains,  and  said  to  be  bold,  en- 
terprising and  warlike,  far  superior  to 
the  natives  oh  the  coast. 

Canals. — The  spirit  of  Caiialling 
appears  to  be  reviving  in  many  of  the 
States;  and  after  the  enterprize  effected 
by  the  State  of  New- York,  nothing  of 
the  kind  will  be  thought  impiacticable. 
The  Grand  Western  Canal  is  363  miles 
Jong. — For  9*>  niiles,  the  cost  was  only 
.$  1.5,000  a  n^ile  :  for  107  miles  it  was 
from  25  to  $30,000  a  mile  ;  and  the  resi- 
duf  from  15  to  20,000.  Seventy  miles 
of  the  canal  were  made  in  one  year.  A 
lock  of  stone  of  10  feet  costs  $  10,000. 
The  first  canal  of  any  great  length  in  the 
U.  States  was  made  in  Ma3sachusetts,an»l 
is  now  in  successful  operation. 

Progress  op  Printing,  &c.  In 
the  English  Parliament,  the  annual  mo- 
tion for  reform  in  the  representation 
had  been  made  by  Lord  John  Russell, 
and  negatived  by  a  vote  of  269  to  163. 
The  result  was  received  with  loud  cheer- 
ing by  the  opposition,  as  showing  an  ac- 
cession of  strength  to  their  cause.  In 
the  course  of  his  speech.  Lord  Russell 
stated  several  facts  to  siiow  the  improv- 
ed state  of  all  classes  from  the  increased 
means  of  instruction,  and  the  propriety 
and  justice  of  giving  to  the  mass  of  pop- 
ulation a  representation  proportioned  to 
its  increased  relative  weight  and  im- 
provement. He  stated, as  among  the  re- 
sults of  liis  inquiries  into  the  extension 
of  means  of  instiuction,lhat  the  sales  by 


•90 


Appendix. 


one  bookseller's  hous«  in  London,  a- 
nioiints  to  5,000,000/.  sterling,  (upwards 
of  <g22,000.000,)  worth  of  books;  that 
they  s.nployed  sixty  clerks,  paid  5,500Z. 
for  advertisements,  and  gave  constant 
e.iiploymenl  to  no  fewer  tlian  250  book- 
biflders.  The  increase  of  circulating  li- 
braries had  alno  been  very  great,  there 
being  about  1000  of  these  establishments 
in  the  kingdom,  and  from  1500  to  2000 
marts  for  tlie  sale  of  books  distributed 
thiougiiout  the  country  ;  in  addition  to 
all  which  was  the  quantity  of  newspa- 
pers annaally  distritnited,  the  number  of 
which,  for  the  year  1821,  he  estimated 
at  23,600,000,  and  of  those,  11,000,000 
were  Lordon  daily  papers ;  country  pa- 
pers, 7,000,000.  The  increase  of  pres- 
ses in  4U  years  h^d  been  from  79,  the 
wliole  number  in  1781,  to  284,  in  1822  ; 
j'et  with  a  population  of  18,000,000  so 
provided  with  the  means  of  knowledge, 
a  raaiority  of  the  representation  in  the 
Parliament  was  returned  by  less  than 
8,000  electors. 

Spanish  Women.  An  extract  of  a 
letter  from  a  generiil  officer,  serving  in 
the  blockade  before  Barcelona.  Our 
readers  may  bel'.eve  it  if  tliey  like  : — 
"  I  am  lodged  in  the  house  of  a  colonel 
of  militia,  who,  on  our  approach,  retired 
witli  his  regiu.ent  behind  the  lines.  His 
7oife  is  a  lieutenant  in  the  same  regi- 
ment, and  gives  daily  proofs  of  devotion 
to  the  military  service.  Slie  must  be  a 
handsome  woftian,  if  I  can  trust  her  por- 
trait left  in  the  bedroom  which  I  bow 
occupy.  1  do  not  know  what  she  may 
do  in  the  field,  but  her  animated  coun- 
tenance and  elegant  person  could  not 
fail  to  gain  conq  .est  elsewhere.  You 
will  be  surprized  to  find,  my  friend,  that 
wcare  to  be  opposed  by  the  ladies  ;  hut 
this  is  not  a  solitary  instar.ce.  There  is 
a  company  entirely  composed  of  female 
warriors,  consisting  of  52,  who  some- 
times approach  our  lines.  Their  air  is 
extremely  martial,  and  their  intrepidity 
is  said  to  equal  that  of  the  other  sex  in 
their  "  heroic  nation."  They  wear  the 
casque,  and  are  armed  with  a  lance. 
We  have  been  discussing  what  we  should 
do  in  case  of  an  attack  from  these  Am- 
azons." 

Mr.  Clement,  the  praprietor  of  the  06- 
servcr,\s  said  to  be  the  purchaser  of  the 
Morning  Chronicle  for  forty  thoasand 
pounds.  It  is  a  transfer  of  property 
merely.  The  politics  of  the  Morning 
Chronicle,  it  seems,  are  to  bear  tiie  same 
character  as  heretofore. 

In  excavating  a  vault  in  the  North 
Aisle  of  Westminster  Abbey,  the  entire 
skeleton  of  Ben  Jonson,  the  poet,  was 
discovered  in  a  leaden  coffin,  placed  in 
a   perpendicular    poaition.       Tradition 


states,  that  being  on  his  death-bed,  he 
was  asked  where  he  would  be  buried  ^ 
To  which  he  replied,  in  "  Westminster 
Abbey,  if  I  can  get  a  foot  of  ground." 
The  Dean  of  Westminster  afterwards 
gave  about  two  feet  square  of  ground, 
sufficient  to  admit  the  coffin  in  a  perpen- 
dicular position,  and  a  square  hole  was 
dug,  and  the  corpse  admitted  head  down- 
wards. 

LiBKRTY«oF  THE  Press  in  Chi- 
na. The  dangers  attending-  author- 
ship in  China  are  well  illustrated 
by  the  fate  of  W  bang-see- Heou,  ; 
whose  crime  is  thus  set  fortli  by  his  • 
judges,  *'  We  find,''  say  they,  "  1. 
that  lie  has  presumed  to  meddle 
with  tlie  great  Dictionary  of  Kang- 
hi  ;  having  made  an  abridgment 
of  it,  in  wiiich  he  has  had  the  au- 
dacity to  contradict  some  passages 
of  that  excellent  and  authentic 
work,  2.  In  ths  preface  to  his 
abrii]gment,  we  have  seen  with 
honor,  llmt  he  has  dared  to  write 
the  LITTLE  NAMES  (that  is,  the  prim- 
itive family  n^imes,)  of  Confucius, 
and  even  of  your  Majesty — a  te- 
mcritjr,  a  want  of  respect,  which 
has  made  us  shudder.  3.  In  the 
genealogy  of  his  family  and  his  po- 
etry, he  lias  asserted  that  he  is  de- 
scended from  the  Whang-see."  If 
there  were  in  these  three  chaiges 
any  thing  reprehensible  according 
to  the  broad  principles  of  univer- 
sal inrrality,  it  was  the  fabrication 
of  an  illustrious  genealogy.  This 
imposture,  censurable  in  any  case, 
might  have  been  designed  to  make 
dupes,  and  perhaps  to  form  a  party  ; 
but  the  Judges  of  Whang-see-heou 
attached  less  importance  to  this 
charge  than  to  the  other  two.  They 
declared  the  author  guilty  of  high- 
treason  on  the  first  charge,  and  pro- 
nounced this  sentence  :~"  Accord-* 
ing  to  the  laws  of  the  empire,  this 
crime  ought  to  be  rigorously  pun^ 
ished.  The  criminal  sholl  be  cut 
in  pieces,  his  goods  confiscated,  and 
his  children  and  relatives  above 
the  age  of  sixteen  years  to  be  put 
to  death.  ,  His  wives,  his  concu- 
bines^ and  his  children,  under  six- 
teen, shall  be  exiled  and  given  as 
slaves  to  some  grandee  of  the  em- 
pire."    The    Sovereiffo  was  g^a- 


.Appendix. 


91 


oiously  pleased  (o  mitigate  (he  se- 
verity of  this  sentence,  in  an  edict 
to  this  effect  : — "  I  favour  VVhang-- 
8ee-hei»ti  in  regard  to  tlie  nature  of 
bis  punishment.  He  shall  not  be 
cut  ut  pieces,  and  shall  only  have 
his  licad  cut  off.  I  forgive  his  rel- 
atives. As  to  his  sons  let  them  be 
reserved  for  the  great  execution  in 
autumn.  Let  the  sentence  be  ex- 
ecuted in  its  other  points  :  such  is 
ray  pleasure.'' 

Policy  and  Eloquence. — When 
♦be  ancient  republicks  of  Greece 
and  Rome,  which  had  been  raised 
to  power  by  (he  councils  and  policy 
of  bold  statesmen,  who  regarded 
what  was  substantially  useful  in 
preference   to    what    was   merely 


brilliant,  suffered  the  eloquence  of 
their  orators  to  prevail  over  the  so- 
ber dictates  of  experienced  men, 
they  begun,  evidently,  to  fall  from 
(he  grandeur  which  they  iiad  at- 
tained. Athens  trusted  in  the  elo- 
quence of  Demosthenes,  and  Rome 
in  that  of  Cicero  ;  but  Philip  of 
Macedon  and  the  Roman  Triumvi- 
rate were  strong  in  council,  and 
eventually  triumphed  over  the  lib- 
erties of  man,  more  by  their  policy 
than  their  arms.  The  foundations 
of  American  greatness  were  laid  by 
men  who  reflec(ed  much  and  did 
much,  bill  said  very  little.  Let  us 
not  endanger  our  prosperity  by  prc- 
f erring  'sound  to  substance,  and  pro 
muting  oratory  to  the  exclusion  of 
knowledge  and  experience. 


MONTHLY  REGISTER  OF  DEATHS, 

WITH   CONCISE    BIOORAPHICAL   NOTICES. 


Tb  Chesterfield  Oct.  18,  Rev.  Abra- 
ham Wood,  the  venerable  and  highly 
respected  senior  pastor  of  the  cluiich  and 
society  in  that  town,  aged  75,  and  in  the 
51st  year  of  his  ministry.  Rev.  Mr. 
Wood  graduated  at  Harvard  College  in 
1767  ;  was  ordained  at  Chesterfield  Dec. 
31,  1772,  and  had  heen  the  longest  in 
the  ministry  of  any  clergyman  now  liv- 
ing in  the  age.  In  point  of  age,  he  was 
exceeded  by  Rev.  Jeremiah  St.aw,  of 
Moultonborough,  who  has  been  settled 
44  years. 

In  Warren,  Ohio,  Hon.  ZephAniAH 
Swift,  of  Connecticut,  who  was  sever- 
al years  Chief  Justice  of  the  Superior 
Court  of  the  latter  state.  He  gra(kiated 
at  Yale  College  in  1778.  in  the  same 
class  with  Joel  Bailow,  Governor  Wol- 
cott  and  Noah  Webster. 

In  Sheffield,  Eng.,  on  the  19th  August 
last,RoBERTBLOOMFiELD,authorofthe 
Farmer's  Boy — On  Friday  evening,  Oct. 
3,  at  his  residence  in  the  city  of  Bur- 
lington,^?. J.,Gen.  Joseph  Bloom  Fit  i.D, 
late  a  representative  in  Congress  from 
that  state.  He  was  a  wortliy  solditr  of 
the  revolution  ;  afterwanls.  Governor  of 
the  state  of  New-Jersey  for  several 
years  ;  and  during  the  late  war,  a  Brig- 
adier General  of  the  army  oftlie  United 
States — an  excellent  man,  a  firm  repub- 
lican, a  sound  legislator,  and  a  brave 
soldier. 

In  Portsmouth,  Oct.  20,    Davjd  C 


Foster,  aged  31,  one  of  the  Editors  of 
the  N.  H.  Gazette,  and  late  major  of  the 
1st  regiment  of  militia. 

In  Rome,  on  the  20th  of  August,  in 
the  84th  year  of  his  age,  and  24ih  of  his 
Pontificate,  His  Holiness  Pope  Pius, 
the  seventh. 

In  Washington  City,  on  the  26th  inst, 
George  Wadsworth,  Esq.  aged  45,  of  the 
Treasury  Department. 

Longevity. — A  couple  are  now  said 
to  be  living  in  Kentucky,  who  were  mar- 
ried in  1750.  The  man  is  98,  ami  the 
woman  95 — thv;y  have  three  children, 
the  eldest  is  75,  the  second  59,  and  the 
third,  34. 

In  Pennsylvania,  Mr.  Richard  Jacobs, 
94— Mr.  Samuel  Beckford  91.— In  Scit- 
uate,  R.  I.  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Windsor,  105 
years  9  months,  relict  of  Rev.  Joseph 
Wind!  or,  late  of  Gloucester.  In  Pros- 
pect, Me.  Mrs.  Abigail  Eaton,  102  yean 
9  months.— In  Ashfoid.Conn.  Mrs.  Eliz- 
abetli  Woodward,  93.-Iu  Hebron,  Conn, 
Mr.  Jeremiah  Hodgdon,  a  revolutionary 
solJier,  about  9(K — In  Waterbury,  Vt. 
Sept.  9,  Lieut.  Thomas  Jones,  93,  an  offi- 
cer of  tito  revolution.  In  Springfield, 
Mass.  Widow  Mercy  Colton,  91.— In 
Sudbury,  Mass.  Mrs.  Anna  Knight, 92.— 
In  Salem,  Mass.  Mrs.  Deborah  Frye,  92. 

In  JVew- Hampshire. — In  Newington, 
Sept.  22,  Mis.  Sarah  Dame,  100  years  10 
monthi. — In  New-Boston,  Sept.  26,  Mr. 


92 


Appendix. 


David  Hale,  93  years  11  months,  15  days, 
an  inhabitant  of  Goftstown,  of  v\liich 
place,  he  was  one  ol  the  first  settlers. 
He  left  a  widow,  with  whom  he  had  lived 
65  years.  In  Strathaai,  Simeon  Wiggin, 
Esq.  90. — In  Groton,  Mrs.  Mary  Wheat, 
90.— In  Amherst,  Oct.  13,  Mrs.  Mary 
Barnard,  101  years  6  months,  the  mother 
of  Rev.  Jeremiah  Barnard.  She  was 
born  in  April,  1722,  and  retained  her  fac- 
ulties till  the  close  of  life. 

Remarkable. — There  are  now  living 
in  Bristol,  in  good  health,  twelve  per- 
sens,  who  were  engaged  in  Gen.  Sulli- 
van's expedition,  on  Rhode-Island,  in 
1778.  What  is  a  little  singular  is,  that 
six  of  them,  viz.  (Samuel  Boswortli, 
Tliomas  Pearce,  Nathaniel  Hicks  West, 
David  Maxfield,  Nathaniel  Wilson,  and 
Nathaniel  West,)  were  attached  to  one 
company,  and  enlisted,  in  1775,  under 
Capt.  Caleb   Corr,    of   Warren,  who  is 


also  living  ;  the  other  six,i,Edward  Mon- 
roe, William  Cox,  Loring  Finney,  Gso. 
Sanford,  Royal  Sanlord,  and  Thomas 
Church,)  composed  one  Mess,  were 
drafted  at  the  same  time,  marched  to- 
gether, and  joined  the  aimy  the  same 
day. —  R.  I.  Am. 

Lorigevihj. — We  learn  from  a 
gentleman  of  undoubted  veracity, 
who  recentl}'  visited  this  citj  Irom 
Mstanzas,  that  there  is  novr  living 
in  a  village  near  thai  place,  a  coti- 
ple,  who  aie  yet  in  health,  although 
greatly  impaired  in  bodily  powers 
and  mental  faculties,  who  have  liv- 
ed trgether  in  a  state  of  wedlock 
more  than  an  hundred  years  !  The 
husband  is  aged  128 — the  wife  126. 
They  are  whites  and  natives  of  the 
island  of  Cuba. — JV.  Y.  American, 


THERMOMETRICAL  AND  METEOROLOGICAL  OBSERVATIONS. 

FOR  AUGUST,  1823. 


m  Portsmouth,  in  lat.  43°  4'. 

mHo 

pjfinton,  in  lat.  43*  11'. 

% 

S 

s 

^   ilS 

t 

?-> 

< 

c^ 

a; 

Winds  and  Weather. 

1-  ■=  ic^ 

^       Obsemaiiens. 

Q 

r* 

^ 

01 

Q  c«l- 

as 

1 

63  67 

64|E.  Clouds  and  fog 

1 

61 

77 

67 

E.  Hazy  ;  cloudy 

2 

67  74  66 

E.  Fog  and  showers 

2 

65 

84 

66 

E.  S.  Hazy  :  rain 

3 

64  69  66 

Same 

3 

64 

80 

66 

S.  Cloudy  ;  fair 

4  70l78'65 

NW.  Fair;  showers 

4 

58 

82 

63 

SW.  Fair ;  thunder  sh. 

5 

65 

7S63 

NW.  Fair 

5 

60 

79 

63 

SW.  Fair  cloudy;  fair 

b 

65 

80  68 

SW.  Fair 

6 

58 

82 

68  SW.Fair;  cloudy 

7 

68 

B4  74 

Sime 

7 

66 

84 

70,  SW.  Fair 

8 

73 

90  76 

NW.  Sun  and  showers 

8 

70,86 

68, SW.  Thunder sh.  fair 

9 

72 

75  63 

NW.  Fciir  ;  fresh  wind 

9 

6473 

59  NW.  Fair 

30 

63  76  68 

NW.  Fair;  rain  night 

10 

56173 

62  SW.  Fair;  rain 

11  62  64160 

E.  Rain 

n 

61163 

62  NE.Rain 

K64 

83 

69 

NW.  Fair 

12 

6278 

65NE.S.  SW.  Hazy;  fair 

13  65 

80 

63 

Same 

13l62l77l63|NW.  Fair 

14(64 

73 

63 

SE.  Light  clouds                      ^ 

14 

'S6 

83  66NW.  S.  SE.  Fair;  cl. 

15 

63 

70 

68 

Same       •- 

i: 

62 

77  63  SE.  Cloudy  ;  rain 

16 

64 

69 

65 

SE.  Cloudy 

u. 

61 

66  59  SE.  Rain;  cloudy 

1765l74i6l!E.  Same 

17 

.'6 

(>8  61  SE.  NE.  cloudy;  rain 

18 

64 

70 

61 

Changeable 

IB 

HI 

76  61  SE.  Cloudy  ;  fair 

19 

65 

75 

62 

Cloudy  and  showers 

19 

•;i 

73  62  NE.  Rain ;  cloudy  ;  fair 

20 

66 

84 

62 

Fair;  lit^ht  clouds       *- 

20 

61 

78  65  SW.  Hazy  ;  fair 

21 

67 

85 

68 

Fair  A.M. showers  P.M. 

21 

64 

81 

63  SW.  Fair;  thunder  sh. 

22 

63 

73 

55 

SW.  Fair 

22 

58 

65 

49  NW.  Fair 

23 

58 

72 

57  i  Same 

23 

41 

67 

51  Same 

24 

58  74 

56 

Same 

24  48 

73 

59 

NW.  SW.  Fair 

25 

.55  83 

60 

Same 

25 

44 

76 

59 

SW.  Fair 

26 

62  84 

65 

Same 

26 

44 

81  64 

Sf,me                  .« 

27 

65  87  74 

Same 

27 

54 

S3  71 

Same 

28 

73  86  66 

SW.  Fair  A.M.  cLP.M. 

28 

65 

79  •56 

W.  NW.  Fair;thun.sh. 

29 

64  77  62 

Variable  ;  fair 

29 

55 

75  63 

W.  SW.  Fair 

30 

65180  69 

W.  Fair 

30  541 

81  64 

SW.  Fair 

31 

74 

192 

174 

W. Fair;  cloudy 

3ll 

58 

88 

73| 

SW.  Fair ;  flying  clouds 

i,:PS33®25£i 


PUBT.IC  AFFAIRS  IN  NOVEMBER. 


Spain. 

For  months  has  ilie  earnest  at- 
tention of  all  Americans  been  di- 
rected towards  this  cmiutry.  All 
hearts  beat  with  hope,  that  the 
Cortes,  who  had  laid  the  founda- 
tions of  civil  liberty,  would  be  sup- 
ported by  the  Spanish  people,  until 
they  could  complete  the  edifice. 
The  world  h^s  been  mistaken. 
Spain  is  again  placed  under  the 
control  of  Ferdinand,  if  possible 
more  degraded  than  ever.  The 
war  maj-  now  be  considered  as  at  an 
end.  The  fall  of  Cadiz,  and  the 
restoration  of  the  royal  family  are 
events  sickening  to  the  advocates 
of  liberal  priuciples.  The  king's 
proclamations  breathe  nothing  but 
resentment  and  retaliation.  He 
renounces  bis  pretended  zeal  for 
the  cause  of  ihe  people.  He  re- 
cognizes the  ultra  doctrines  of 
legitimacy. 

"  With  the  most  abject  and  ser- 
vile adulation,  he  acknowledges 
the  gallantry  and  kindness  of  his 
noble  cousin,  the  Duke  d'Aogou- 
l€me,  for  relieving  him  from  the 
power  of  his  own  subjects  ;  for  de- 
vastating his  country  with  fire  and 
Eword ;  for  crushing  its  libeities 
and  hopes  ;  for  prostrating  its  free 
censtitution ;  for  proscribing  and 
exiling  its  heroes  and  patriots; 
and  for  restoring  legitimacy,  with 
all  its  despotism,  ecclesiastical 
tyranny,  and  oppression.  There  is 
an  end  for  the  present  to  every 
thing  like  rational  freedom  in 
Spain.  The  reign  of  superstition 
and  terror  is  to  re-commence  with 
seven  fold  vengeance.  Free  prin- 
ciples, both  political  and  religious, 
are  to  be  elfeclually  checked  and 
put  down.  The  inquisition,  with 
all  its  horrors,  will  probably   be 

—13 


immediately  restored  ;  every  ves- 
tige of  democracv  is  to  be  swept 
away,  and  such  a  constitution 
forced  upon  the  S[)anish  nation,  aa 
shall  meet  the  views  and  subserve 
the  purposes  of  the  Holy  Alliance. 
Spain,  poor  degraded  Spain,  has 
like  Naples  been  humbled  to  the 
dust,  and  disappointed  the  hopes  of 
the  world.  She  has  waged  an  in- 
glorious conduct,  maiked  by  imbe- 
cility, basenrsb  and  perfidy." 

"  Kif'go  has  been  condemned  at 
Madrid  ;  and  some  fears  were  en- 
tertained by  his  friends,  that  he 
would  not  escape  the  judgniect 
passed  against  him  :  but  the  patriot 
Mina,  has  written  to  Madrid,  that 
he  had  a  French  Lt.  Gen.  several 
superior  officers,  and  two  bishops, 
who  were  in  his  power,  and  that  he 
should  hold  them  answerable  fo^ 
the  life  of  Riego. 

The  Inquisition  had  been  re-es- 
tablished at  Valladolid.  Other 
great  cities  will  follow  this  exam- 
ple, says  a  letter  from  Bayonne  of 
the  7th  October,  if  we  consider 
the  addresses  that  have  been  sent ; 
for  instance,  that  of  Saragossa,  in 
which  it  is  said,  "  the  tranquillity 
of  the  nation  will  not  be  confirmed, 
unless  the  holy  and  august  tribunal 
is  established  ;  because  many  per- 
sons do  not  dare  to  make  declara- 
tions before  the  ordinary  tribunals, 
for  fear  of  drawing  on  themselves 
unpleasant  consequences  ;  whereas 
thej  would  make  them  to  the  Holy 
Office,  whose  religious  discretion  is 
well  known." 

Particulars  respecting  the  surren- 
der of  Cadiz.— Oa  the  26th  Sept.  a 
flag  of  truce  was  sent  into  Cadiz 
with  propositions  from  the  Duke 
d'Angou'.eme,  with  a  threat  to  the 
gatrisoQ  of  all  the  rigors   allowed 


94 


Apptndix. 


by  the  larrs  of  war,  and  that  the 
public  authorities  would  be  held  re- 
sponsible for  any  vexations  to 
which  the  king  and  royal  family 
might  be  exposed.  At  the  same 
time  5  or  6000  men  were  embark- 
ed. On  the  27th,  the  Cortes  were 
dissolved,  and  the  Conde  de  Torres 
proceeded  to  the  head-quarters  of 
the  Duke  to  inform  him,  by  com- 
mand of  the  king,  that  he  was  left 
by  the  Cortes  in  the  full  enjoyment 
of  the  rights  of  sovereignty,  and  to 
request  him  to  state  by  what  route 
he  should  proceed  to  meet  him  at 
his  head  quarters.  A  proposition 
was  made  on  the  same  day  through 
Gen.  Alava,  on  the  part  of  the  Cor- 
tes, to  surrender  the  King,  on  con- 
dition that  they  should  be  permitted 
to  hold  possession  of  the  Isle  for 
two  months.  The  proposition  was 
not  listened  to.  The  Commandant 
General  of  the  Isle  of  Leon  in- 
formed the  Cortes  that  in  conse- 
quence of  the  spirit  of  his  troops, 
and  the  dispositions  made  by  the 
French,  it  would  be  impossible  for 
him  to  defend  the  isle.  Valdes  at 
the  same  time  stated  that  the  flotilla 
could  make  only  useless  efforts  to 
deiend  the  city.  The  greatest  con- 
sternation succeeded.  A  message 
was  sent  to  the  King  to  supplicate 
him  to  enter  into  negociations  with 
the  French  coinmander.  The  King 
replied  that  he  could  not  enter  into 
any  negotiations.  The  Cortes  had 
thi-ee  meetings.  At  the  third,  but 
five  members  were  present,  the  rest 
having  fled.  The  five,  with  the 
Minister  of  State,  proceeded  to  the 
King,  declared  that  he  was  re-es- 
tablished in  the  integrity  of  his 
royal  power,  and  eonjured  him  to 
write  to  the  French  General.  The 
'  Count  de  Torres  was  in  conse- 
quence despatcaed  with  a  letter  to 
the  King.  On  the  29lb,  the  King 
was  expected  to  arrive  at  St. 
Mary's,  but  some  deUys  were  in- 
terposed, which  are  not  exactly  de- 
tailed. A  telegraphic  despatch  of 
Oct.  1,  announced  that  the  king 
and  the  royal  family  arrived  at  11 
o'clock  that  morning.     It  appears 


that  the  negotiation  was  broken  off 
in  consequence  of  some  popular 
movements  in  Cadiz,  and  the  Isle, 
and  on  the  30th  the  Duke  had  made 
dispositions  for  renewing  the  at- 
tack. 


Prussia — By  late  intelligence 
from  Prussia,  it  appears  there  was 
a  constant  correspondence  between 
the  Cabinets  of  Berhn  and  Vienna. 
It  is  stated,  as  a  report,  it  was  not 
judged  necessary  that  the  King  of 
Prussia  should  be  present  at  the 
meeting  which  is  about  to  take 
place  between  the  Emperors  of 
Russia  and  Germany.  The  King 
of  Prussia  is  said  to  be  in  the  keep- 
ing of  the  King  of  England. 

Lima. — We  have  received  a  let- 
ter from  a  correspondent  at  Callao 
dated  21st  July,  containiug  in  sub- 
stance the  same  information  as  that 
heretofore  published,but  remarking 
in  addition,  that  the  Royal  army  iu 
its  retreat  from  Lima,  suffered  se- 
verely from  the  attacks  of  the 
Patriot  cavalry,  which  succeeded 
in  takiijg  a  number  of  prisoners  and 
a  quantity  of  baggage,  most  part  of 
the  latter  being  the  property 
pillaged  from  the  people  of  Lima 
by  the  Royalist  troops  on  the  evac- 
uation of  the  place  Patriot 
troops  were  embarking  daily  for 
the  purpose  of  reinforcing  the  ex- 
pedition to  windward,  which  it  was 
supposed  would  in  a  short  time  in- 
crease the  army  sufl5ciently  to  bear 
down  all  opposition  iu  that  quarter, 
and  enable  the  Patriots  to  take 
possession  of  several  towns,  uearJy 
equal  in  population  and  resources 
to  that  of  Lima. 


GREECE. 
Greece  is  every  day  consummat- 
ing her  freedom  by  acts  of  devoted 
bravery  and  the  most  intrepid  he- 
roism :  as  if  she  awoke  from  a  night 
of  ages,  she  has  sprung  from  the 
earth  on  which  she  lay,  and,  like  a 
giant  startin"^  from  his  slumbers, 
astonished  nil  Europe  by  her  suc- 
cessful efforts.    The  fourth  expedi- 


Jlpptndix, 


95 


tion  of  tbe  Moslem  against  her,  has 
been  scattered  by  bar  gnllant  bands 
in  dismay,  and  the  foiluwers  of  the 
Crescent  wander,  in   bloody  disar- 
ray, over  the  fields  the  tyranny   of 
ages    had    depopulated    and    laid 
waste.     The  frredom  of  Greece  is 
no  longer  doubtful ;  it  is  now  cer- 
tain and  assured  ;  no  effort  the  bar- 
barous Ottoman  can  make,  will  be 
able  to  disturb  it ;  the  Greeks  arc 
superior  to  the     rabble  crowd  of 
their    oppressors,     in  every    thing" 
that     can    constitute    a     military 
force,  and  the  sceptre  of  the  Turk 
over   classic  Greece,  is  broken  in 
his  ruthless  hands   forever.      The 
last  campaign  of  the  Ottoman  was 
intended   for  utter   extermination 
in  the  Morea  ;  the  Pachas  were  not 
to    attack,  but    with    their  united 
force,  so  as  to  make  victory,  as  they 
thought,  certain  ;  and   they   were 
then  to  make  the  onset  with  their 
conjoined  hordes,  in  Livadia,  Aear- 
nania,  and  Negropont.     The  cuel, 
but    trembling     Moslems    shrunk 
from  a  single  encounter  with  the 
Hellenites,  even  with  superior  for- 
ces.    As  a  commencement  of  the 
campaign,  Mehmed,  the  Seraskier 
of  Roumelia,  invaded   Attica  and 
Livadia  with  27,000  followers,  but 
did  not  dare  to  attack  Odysseus  or 
Nikitas,  though  they  had  only  nine 
to  ten  thousand  men  to  oppose  him. 
He  waited  the  support  of  the  Pa- 
cha of  Scutari  and  Larissa,  and  the 
co-operatioD  of  Jessuf,  who  at   the 
head  of   fourteen   thousand    men, 
was  to  force   Macrinoros,   and  ad- 
vance to  Missoloughi,  from  whence, 
with  the  aid    of  the  Turkish   fleet, 
he  was  to  pass  into  the   Peloponne- 
sus ;  while  Mehmed,  with   40,000 
bandits,  was  to  attack  the   Isthmus 
of  Corinth,  and  march  oi'J  the   Mo- 
rea after  having  ravaged    Livadia. 
The  Greeks,  on  thejr  part,  perfect- 
ly aware   of  the   designs  of    their 
enemies,  took  instant  measures  to 
attack   the   Pachas  in   detail,  and 
beat  them  separately.     The   brave 
Bozzaris  was  to  oppose  Jussuf  Pa- 
cha ;  Stornaris  was   charged  with 
arresting  the   progress  of  the   Pa- 


cha of  Scutari  in  the  mountains  of 
Agrafa  ;  while  Odysseus  and  Mki- 
tas  destroyed  Mehmed's  corps,  be- 
fore his  union  with  the  others  :  Col- 
ocotroni  was    to   protect   the  Isth- 
mus with  a  corps    of  reserve,   and 
move  wherever   his    presence   be- 
came necessary.      The   important 
field  of  San  Lucca,  wliich  was  fa- 
tal to  the  Turks,   and    where   the 
forces  of  Mehmed  were  destroyed 
by  Odysseus  and  Nikitas,  produced 
revolt  among  Jussuf 's  mercenaries, 
and  the  Pacha  could  scarce   save 
himself  by  flight.     Stornaris,  on  his 
part,  was   almost    equally  success- 
ful ;  not  content  wiUi  retarding  the 
march   of    the  Pacha  of   Scutari, 
who  had   with  him  8,000  men,  he 
pressed  him   continually  in   front, 
with   the   loss   of  more   than   two 
thousand  of  his  followers,  and  har- 
assed him  incessantly  ;  nor  would 
be  have  let  him  pass  the  mountains 
of  Agrafa,  but  for  a  reioforcemflnt 
of  4,000  Turks,  who  suddenly  came 
to   his  aid  ;  thus    supported,  their 
united  bands  arrived  at  Capenissi, 
where  the  Pacha  of  Lari.ssa   impa- 
tiently    awaited    them    with    the 
wreck  of   the   shattered   army    of 
Mehmed,     The  two  Pachas,  oblig- 
ed to  take  the  field,  and  wishing  to 
accelerate  their  march  in  the  hope 
of  passing  into  Livadia,  to  act  with 
Jussuf's  troops,  tbe  revolt  of  which 
they  did  not  yet  know,  set  out  on 
the  26th  of  August  at  the   head  of 
18,000  men,  their  advanced  guard 
of    12,000   being    commas^Jed    by 
Djeladik     Bey ;    he    arrived    and 
halted  atLaspi  on  the  27th  ;  there 
he  found   himself  suddsnly  threat- 
ened by  a  corps  of  2,500   Helleni- 
ans,     occupying     an     entrenched 
camp,  and  who  were  in  full  march 
against  him.     The   Bey   remained 
inactive  that  day,  gaining  informa- 
tion as  to  tbe  strength  of  the    Hel- 
lenians,  and    waited  the  next  day 
to  attack   them.      Their  Gensral, 
Carair  Cachi,  was  sick,  and  they 
were   hesitating  as   to   what  they 
should  do,  when  the    brave  Bozza- 
ris   arrived,  and    bis    unexpected 
presence  lestored  all  their  cour- 


96 


Mopmdix. 


ago.  Tliis  g-allant  chief  having 
nocliing- more  to  ffiar  at  Macrino- 
ros,  on  tbe  first  accounts  reaching 
him  of  the  direction  taken  by  the 
Pacha  of  Scutari,  set  out  with  340 
Suliotes,  traversed  Eto'.ia  and  Lo- 
cris  raj.'idly,  and  after  a  few  days 
found  himself  in  Thessaly,  where 
he  was  aj)pf  ised  of  the  plans  cf  its 
chiefs  to  unite  with  the  Greek"  for- 
ces. Hiving-  at  last  joined  the  lat- 
ter, he  learned  their  resolution  not 
to  suffer  the  forces  of  the  Pacha, 
however  numerous,  to  penetrate 
into  Livadia  ;  but  Buzzaris  repre- 
seat-^d  to  them  the  danger  of  giv- 
ing battle  to  an  enemy  so  superi- 
or in  force,  and  comniuaioated  to 
th.m  his  own  project  to  fall  that 
very  night  on  the  Turkish  camp  :— 
"  We  c:m  surprise  them,"  said  he, 
"  for  they  do  not  expect  to  be  at- 
tacked ;  and  you  know  that  these 
barbarians  never  take  any  preciu- 
tious  against  surprise.  1  have  with 
me  340  Suliotes,  and  I  will,  at  their 
head,  enter  the  Turkish  camp  with 
no  other  arms  but  our  pistols  and 
sabres.  Do  jou,"  said  he  to  the 
Ilellenians,  "  present  yourselves  in 
fear  different  poiats,and  commence 
your  fire  when  we  are  recognized, 
so  as  to  distract  the  Turks ;  and,  if 
you  second  me,  we  will  seize  the 
Pachaj  alive  or  dead."  The  Greeks 
applauded  the  daring  proposition  of 
the  hero,  and  confided  to  him  the 
peiilous  execution.  At  midnight 
Marco  Bozzaris  demanded  a  fur- 
ther reinforcement  of  100  chosen 
incn  to  be  united  to  his  Suliotes, 
and  having  divided  the  rest  of  the 
cnros  into  four  detachments,  the 
entire  waited  the  moment  of  ac- 
tion on  the  first  signal.  Bozzaris, 
in  sciparating  from  the  oi»ier  chiefs, 
said,  "  my  friends,  if  we  scatter, 
you  will  be  sure  to  find  me  round 
the  tent  of  the  Pacha.''  In  effect 
the  attack  -was  made  ;  the  Turkish 
Camp  completely  surprised  ;  the 
Pacha  was  seized  in  his  lent  by  the 
hero,  who,  after  surroundiug  it 
with  his  followers,  tauntea  the  infi- 
dels and  clutched  their  chief  as  his 
prisoner.    The  hero,  however,  fell 


in  the  arms  of  victory,  mortally 
wounded  by  a  Moor  ;  buf  lis  de- 
voted followers  bore  him  off,  and 
the  P-jcha  was  slain.  The  last 
woids  of  (he  dying  chief  wert;  wor- 
thy of  Leonidas  : — "  My  friends," 
said  the  expiring  hero,  "  to  die  for 
liberty  is  a  pleasure,  and  not  a 
pain.  Freedom  is  never  acquired 
but  at  great  sacrifices:  Idle  con- 
tent, because  I  have  contributed  to 
the  independence  of  my  count'^y. 
Continue  your  services  to  her,  and 
do  not  quit  your  arms  but  amid  the 
destruction  of  ^our  enemies."  This 
is  a  record  of  heroism  worlhy  of 
any  age  or  clime,  however  distin- 
guished or  glorio'/s.  In  former 
days  the  genius  of  the  poet  would 
have  immortalized  it  in  eternal 
song,  and  it  would  have  lived  for- 
ever in  the  page  of  history  ;  but 
even  now  it  does  not  perish,  and 
Greece  will  preserve  the  name  of 
Bczzaris  high  in  the  list  of  her  de- 
parted heroes.  With  such  defend- 
ers, that  delightful  land  ;  where  al- 
most every  spot  is  precious  by  a 
thousand  glorious  recollectioos— - 
never  can  be  enslaved.  She  must 
be  free  ;  and,  what  is  better,  she 
deserves  her  liberty,  and  will  win 
it  by  the  heroism  of  her  own  brave 
sons. 

UNITED  STATES. 

S.oulhCaroUna.—Thn  grand  jury 
of  Charleston  h?ve  presented  to  the 
Legislature,  the  crime  of  duelling 
as  one  of  the  greatest  now  existing 
against  the  peace  and  welfare  of 
society — and  recommend  that  prin- 
cipals and  seconds  be  forever  dis- 
qualified from  holding  otfices  of 
honor  or  profit.  This  is  as  it  should 
be  ;  and  the  people  should  with- 
hold frora  every  man  their  confi- 
dence, if  he  has  ever  thus  violated 
all  religious  or  moral  ties. 

J^ew  Jersey. — The  Legislature 
of  th;s  State  assembled  at  Trenton, 
Oct.  28.  Isaac  H.  Williamson,  Esq. 
has  been  f-e-elected  Governor  with- 
out opposition.  Joseph  M'livaine, 
Esq.  of  Burlington,  is  elected  to 
supply  the  vacancy  in  the  Senate 


Appendix. 


97 


of  the  U.  S.,  occasioned  by  the  ap- 
pointinpnt  f>f  Mr.  Soutkard  to  the 
Navy  Department. 

Kentucky. — A  cniMis  has  been 
very  recenlly  t;ikon  )1"  the  town  of 
Tjoiiisville.by  which  it  apprare,  that 
its  population  consists  ot  2987 
whites  and  1576  blacks— a  totnl  of 
5533,  shewiijjr  an  increase  of  450 
since  the  year  l(i20.  It  is  propos- 
ed to  incorporate  the  town. 

An  asylum  tor  the  deaf  and  dumb 
has  been  established  at  Danville, 
in  this  Slate,  and  twelve  pupils 
have  be^n  already  admitted. 

Maryland. Ao  extraordinary 

malady  iias  recently  appeared  a- 
ineng-  the  cattle  in  Talbot  co.  in 
this  State.  The  animals  -".re  seized 
with  a  muscular  or  nervous  catch- 
ing, that  resembles  hiccoughs,  and 
ns  it  increases,  ttiey  appear  to  be 
in  a  hig-h  fever,  rub  themselvrs  so 
as  to  lacerate  their  bodies — fake  to 
the  water,  and  are  with  difficulty 
kept  out  of  the  creeks.  They  ap- 
pear costive,  and  die  in  26  hours. 
Bleeding,  purging,  and  medicine 
have  been  tried  without  success. 
The  attack  sometimes  commences 
in  the  legs,  chest,  and  loins,  and  is 
almost  uniformly  fatal.  [Our  read- 
ers will  recollect  that  m  some  parta 
of  New-Hampshire,  the  disease 
called  hlack-leg  prevailed  a  sl>ort 
time  in  1814,  by  which  many  young 
cattle  and  sheep  were  destroyed. 
In  1816,  perhaps  in  some  degree 
owing  to  the  extraordinary  sever- 
ity of  the  cold,  a  disease  of  the  hoof 
was  prevalent,  which  destroyed  or 
injured  numbers  of  neat  cattle. 
Andin  1819, a  disease  of  the  tongue^ 
of  an  inflammatory  and  putrid  kind, 
prevailed  in  various  sections  of  the 
State,  by  which  many  cattle  and 
horses  were  destroyed.] 

fermont. — By  the  report  of  the 
auditor,  just  made  in  the  legisla- 
ture, it  appears  that  th'^  receipts  of 
the  treasury  during  the  last  year, 
from  Sept.' 1822,  to  Sept.  1823,  in- 
clusive, were  $48,571  13  ;  and  the 
disbursements  for  the  same  period, 
were  $35,874  09;  leaving  a  bal- 
ance in  the  treasury  of  .fl  2,697  04. 


The  s'ate  treasury  notes  are  ail  re- 
deemed, and  theie  is  du<?,  in  arrear- 
ages of  taxes,  the  sum  uf  $30,499 
87. 

The  New-York  city  Banks  have 
made  an  arrangement  to  receive 
the  current  bank  notes  oi  tiiat 
state,  New  Jersey  and  Conneclicut 
at  par.  comnieucing  this  day,  (Nov. 
12.)  Why  cannot  a  similar  arrange- 
ment be  made  by  the  N.  p].  Banks 
and  break  up  that  system,  which 
now  compels  every  man  to  lose  a 
considerable  per  centage,  by  rea- 
son of  a  depreciated  currency  in 
circulation  amcng  us  ? 

Rhode  Island. — The  Legislature 
convened  at  South  Kmgston  on  the 
28th  Oct.  Charters  were  granted 
for  three  new  banks  ;  one  in  Provi- 
dence, ca)led  the  North  American 
Bank,  capital  $200,000,  which  may 
be  increased  to  $500,000;  one  in 
Bnstol,  cp.lled  the  Bristol  LTnioa 
Bank,  capit;il  $50,000  ;  and  the 
other  in  Foster,  called  Mount  Ver- 
non Bank,  capita!  $50,000. 

Iron  J\IoiLHt(iini. — In  Washing- 
ton county  in  the  state  of  Missou- 
ri  there  is  an  iron  mountain,  in 
which  the  amount  of  ore  is  almost 
incai'Milable.  It  will  yield  from  80 
to  90  per  cent,  and  has  a  great  si- 
militude to  native  iron.  No  loun- 
dery  has  yet  been  established  ;  but 
it  is  reported  that  one  shortly  will 
be,  together  with  other  works  cal-  V. 
culated  to  develope  this  vast  store 
of  wealth. 


Cotton. — It  is  estimated  that  the 
present  annual  consumption  of  cot- 
ton in  Europe  and  America  is  1,- 
100,000  bales.  One  half  of  this 
is  raised  in  the  United  States,  and 
the  othei' half  in  Drazil,  W^est  In- 
dies. East. Indies,  and  the  Levant. 
700,000  bales  are  manufnctured  in 
Great  Britain,  300,000  on  the  Con- 
tinent, and  100.000  in  the  United 
States. 

J^eir  C/nirc/ir?,— Seventeen  chur- 
ches are  now  building  in  I^ndon 
and  its  environs.  Ttiey  w^iH  ac- 
commodate 31.160  persoas.  Their 
estimated  cost  is  $1,262,000,  or  up- 


S8 


Appendix. 


wards  of  $74,660  each,  on  an  aver- 
ag-e. 

Curious  Proclamation. — In  1547, 
a  Proclamation  was  issued  by  Hen- 
ry the  8th  : — "That  women  should 
not  meet  tegether  to  babble  and 
talk,  and  that  all  men  should  keep 
their  wives  in  their  houses." 

The  new  Pope. — Cardinal  Delia 
Gengfa  was  elected  Pope  on  the 
27th  of  Sept.  and  has  taken  the 
title  of  Leo  XII.  He  is  an  Italian. 
He  was  Nuncio  during  14  years 
in  the  electorates  of  the  Rhine. 
At  the  period  of  the  persecutions 
exercised  by  Bonaparte  against  the 
head  of  the  church,  he  was  obliged 
to  quit  Rome  with  the  other  Pre- 
lates and  Cardinals,  born  cut  of 
the  states  which  remained  to  the 
Sovereign  PontiflF.  At  the  epoch 
of  the  restoration,  he  was  sent  by 
the  late  Pope  (Pius  VII.)  to  con- 
gratulate Louis  18th,  on  his  return, 
and  he  was  afflicted  at  Paris  with  a 
long  illness.  In  1815,  he  was  rein- 
stated   with    the    Roman    purple. 


At  the  moment  of  his  nomination 
he  was  Cardinal  Vicar,  that  is,  ad- 
ministrator, as  regards  spiritual 
affairs  of  the  diocess  of  Rome.  He 
is,  says  the  Journal  des  Debats,  a 
man  of  great  learning,  accustomed 
to  business,  and  of  irreproachable 
mo.-als. 

The  officer*  of  the  Navy  of  the 
U.  S.  propose  to  erect  a  Monument 
at  Washington,  to  those  of  their 
brethren  who  have  been  killed,  or 
have  died  in  the  expedition  against 
the  pirates. 

The  new  Postmaster  General  is 
said  to  have  reduced  the  tern^s  of 
contracts  so  as  to  save  $70,000. 

The  King  of  Great  Britain  has 
ordered  a  new  gold  coin  to  be  cal- 
led "double  Sovereigns,"  or  "gold 
two  ounce  pieces,"  each  of  which 
shall  be  of  the  value  of  forty  shil- 
lings.   

The  bell  of  the  new  church  at 
Worcester,  Mass.  is  ma.le  of  metal 
which  was  collected  from  the  ruins 
of  Seio. — Mass,  Spy. 


MONTHLY  REGISTER   OF  DEATHS, 

WITH  CONCISE  BIOGRAPHICAL    NOTICES. 


In  Gi-ifton.  N.  H.  Nov.  8,  Capt.  Rus- 
sell Mason,  aged  77.  He  was  one  of 
the  earliest  settlers  of  that  place,  and 
for  many  years  a  member  of  the  legis- 
lature. 

In  Weare,  Capt.  George  Hadley,  aged 
34 — "  one  of  the  fathers  of  the  town." 

In  Andover,  Me.  Rev.  John  Strick- 
land, aged  84,  in  the  58th  year  of  his 
ministry.  He  was  born  in  Hadley, 
Massachusetts,  graduated  at  Yale  Col- 
lege in  1761  ;  ordained  the  Presbyterian 
minister  of  Oakham,  Maes.  April  1, 
1768  ;  dismissed  June  2,  1773;  in- 
stalled at  Nottingham  West,  in  this  state, 
July  13,  1774  ;  dismissed  after  a  few 
years  ;  re-installed  at  Turner,  Me.  Au- 
gust 20,  1784 ;  dismissed  within  about 
six  years,  and  was  settled  in  the  minis- 
try the  fourth  time  at  Andover,  March 
12,  1806,  where  he  remained  till  his 
death  the  4th  of  October. 

Ihthe  State  of  Mississippi,  on  the  17th 
Oct.  Major  Isaac  Guion,  a  native  of  the 
State  of  New-York,  in  the  69th  year 
of  his  age,  a  soldier  of  the  Revolu- 
tion. He  was  in  active  service  through 
the  whole  struggle   for  Independence  i 


and  served  with  honor  as  a  Captain  of 
Artillery,  through  the  greater  part  of  it. 
When  peace  was  established  he  retired 
into  private  life.  After  being  in  trade 
for  several  years,  in  New- York,  he 
again  entered  the  army,  under  General 
Wayne,  with  the  commission  of  a  Cap- 
tain. When  the  territory  of  Mississippi 
was  ceded  by  Spain  to  the  United 
States,  he  was  selected  to  descend  the 
Mississippi,  with  a  detachment  of  300 
men,  to  take  possession  of  it.  In  conse- 
quence of  which  he  landed  at  Natchez, 
in  the  latter  part  of  1797,  and  hoisted 
the  flag  of  the  United  States.  Having 
remained  with  the  Southern  Army  until 
1800,  he  went  to  the  seat  of  Government 
to  settle  his  public  accounts,  and  was 
there  honered  with  the  commission  of 
Major.  Soon  after  this,  the  array  was 
reduced,  and  he,  among  many  otheisjwas 
left  out.  Having  some  time  before  en- 
tered into  the  matrimonial  state,  he  now 
no  longer  thought  of  public  employ,  but 
quietly  settled  down  on  a  small  farm 
near  Natchez,  where  he  resided  for  the 
twenty  years  preceding  his  death. 


Appendix* 


99 


In  Wenham,  Ms.  Wid.  Elizabeth 
Gardner,  85,  sister  of  Hon.  Timothy 
Pickering. 

In  Austerlitz,  N,  Y.  John  Swift,  Esq. 
70.  He  was  a  soldier  of  the  revolutidn, 
and  commenced  his  services  at  Bunker's 
Hill. 

In  Bedford,  Penn.  on  the  4th  October, 
Mrs.  Rebecca  Burd,  aged  about  68  ;  and 
on  the  next  morning,  about  twelve  hours 
afterward.s,  with  a  dropsy  of  the  chest, 
Gen.  Benjamin  Buid,  her  husband,  for- 
merly of  Fort  Littleton,  but  for  the  last 
ten  years  an  inhabitant  of  Bedford,  in 
the  70tli  year  of  his  age.  Besides  the 
many  private  virtues  which  have  eHdear- 
ed  Ger  i^urd  to  a  very  large  circle  of 
a(  quaiatniices — his  public  cliaracter,  the 
evidences  of  his  patriot  ism,  but  espec- 
ially his  Revolutionary  services,  liave 
rendered  him  highly  respectable,  and  are 
worthy  of  particular  notice  at  this  time. 
As  early  as  Jwly,  1775,  (in  his  21st  year) 
he  joined  Col.  Thompson's  regiment  of 
liflemen,  as  a  volunteer  from  tiiis  county, 
and  arrived  at  Boston  about  the  1st  of 
August  following.  In  the  month  of  Oc- 
tober, he  was  appointed  a  lieutenant,  in 
which  command  he  was  in  various  skir- 
mishes with  the  British  near  Boston. 
From  thence  he  was  ordered  to  New- 
York,  and  was  immediately  afterwards 
in  the  battle  of  Long  Island.  In  1777, 
he  was  appointed  a  captain  in  the  4th 
Pennsylvania  regiment,  in  which  he  wa:i 
in  the  battles  of  Trenton  and  Princeton. 
Afterwards  he  commanded  the  left  plat- 
toon  of  Gen.  Wayne's  division,  at  the 
battle  of  Brandywine.  He  was  also  at 
the  Paoli,  and  in  the  battle  of  German- 
town,  he  acted  as  Major.  After  the  bat- 
tle of  Monmouth,  in  which  he  was  also 
conspicuously  engaged,  he  was  ordered 
to  join  tlie  detacimient  which  marched 
against  the  Indians  and  burnt  tlieir  towns 
up  the  North  River,  in  1779.  In  all 
these  various  services  ami  cnaagemcnts, 
he  was  distinguished  for  his  activity, 
bravery  and  entrrpiize.  At  the  close  of 
the  war  he  settled  down  upon  his  pater- 
nal farm  at  Fort  Littleton,  where  he  was 
long  known  and  esteemed  for  his  hos- 
pitality, urbanity  aiid  gentlemanly  de- 
portment. He  removed,  .s^omp  years  ago, 
to  Bedlord,  before  and  after  wiiich  re- 
moval, he  discharged  with  credit  the  du- 
ties of  several  civil  offices. — Nat.  Int. 

In  Baltimore,  Col.  John  Mecken- 
heimer,  a  ga'lant  soldier  of  the  Revolu- 
tion, and  c-.n  lionest  man,  aged  70. 

In  Wilmin:;ton,  (Del.)  Mr.  John  Jen- 
kins, a  celebrated  teacher  of  Penman- 
ship, formerly  of  Boston. 

In  Virginia,  Gen.  John  C.  Gaboon, 
aged  79. 


In  Orange  co.  Va.  Oct.  29,  Col.  Wm. 
Campbell,  aged  69.  He  was  an  offi- 
cer of  the  revolution,  and  useful  in  all 
the  various  relations  of  life. 

In  Marietta,  O.  Sept.  23,  Rev.  Joseph 
WiLLARD,  formerly  Rector  of  St.  John's 
Ciiurch,  in  Portsmouth. 

In  Baltimore,  Frederick  G.  Scha- 
AFFER,  editor  of  the  Federal  Republi- 
can, aged  30. 

In  Newport,  R.  I.  Capt.  John  Trev- 
ETT,  aged  76,  a  revolutionary  patriot. 
In  Nov.  1771,  he  entered  on  board  the 
ship  Columbia,  Capt.  Whipple,  as  a  mid- 
shi;,man,  and  was  speedily  promoted  to 
be  Lieutenant, in  which  capacity  he  serv- 
ed under  Commodore  Hopkins,  and  in 
1776,  was  attached  to  the  brig  Andre 
Doria,  Capt.  BiJdle,  from  which  he  was 
transferred  as  commander  of  marines, 
to  the  ship  Providence,  Capt.  Hacker, 
in  which  command,  with  30  marines,  he 
landed  at  New-Providence,  and  by  strat- 
agem captured  the  forts,  and  kept  them 
three  days,  when  their  object  being  ac- 
complished, they  left  it,  taking  the  pub- 
lic property  and  several  prizes.  Soon 
after,  being  on  a  cruize  near  Halifax, 
<he)  took  several  valuable  prizes,  and 
got  th^m  into  port  ;  one  of  them  was  a 
ship  bound  to  Quebec,  with  10,000  suits 
of  soldier's  clothing  for  Gen.  Burgoyne's 
army  ;  being  so  important  a  prize,  she 
was  entrusted  to  Mr.  Trevett,  who 
brought  her  safe  into  port;  and  the  cloth- 
ins  immediately  sent  to  Gen.  Washing- 
ton's army.  In  1780,  he  joined  the  frig- 
gaieTiuuibuil,  Com.  Nicholson,  and  ilurj 
ing  the  cruize  had  an  action  with  the 
ship  Walter,  of  3B  pims,  in  which  the 
Trumbull  had  43  killed  and  wounded, 
and  Mr.  T.  lost  his  right  eye,  and  receiv- 
ed a  ball  in  his  foot.  He  then  entered 
on  board  t:;eship  Dean,  Capt.  Henman. 
and  took  a  number  of  prizes,  in  one  of 
•,vhich  he  was  re-taken,  and  carried  to 
St.  Johns,  where  he  remained  upwards 
A  two  years. 

On   the    East  Rock,    in   New-Haven, 

Conn. TeRNER,  usually  called 

"  The  Hermit."  This  singular  being 
liaii,  for  a  number  of  years,  lived  in  se- 
ckisiim  onthe  top  of  this  rock,  the  ascent 
to  which  is  both  difficult  and  tedious. 
His  residence  was  a  cabin  built  of  earth 
and  stone,  with  an  aperture  which  serv- 
ed both  as  an  entrance  and  a  chimney. 
At  the  extremity  of  this  cabin  was  his 
bed,  composed  of  husks  and  boughs, 
where,  on  Sun'iay,  the  2d  inst.  he  was 
found  dead.  An  iiiqtiest  was  held  on  the 
body,  whose  verdict  was,  that  he  died  by 
the  visitation  of  God.  His  person  was 
covered  with  la^s,  and  in  that  part  of 


100 


Appendix. 


them  which  served  as  his  trnwsers  there 
were  found  strongly  s^weJ  in  triple 
folds,  u;7WRrds  of  forty  dollars  in  silver — 
whicLi  seems  to  shew  th.it.  though  he  had 
reno;!need  the  world,  the  love  of  gain 
was  still  inherent.  Tlie  only  compan- 
io.".s  of  h's  retirement  were  two  or  three 
sheep,  which  lie  fed  with  care,  and  they 
enjoyed  all  his  tenderness.  He  was  ex- 
tremely taciturn  in  his  manner — com- 
municated little  to  inquirers,  and  was 
both  ignorant  and  repulsive.  In  winter 
he  appeared  frequently  at  the  doors  of 
the  citizens,  with  a  hasket — a>ked  for 
nothing,  spoiie  little — but  whatever  was 
given  him,  lie  took  away  quietly.  The 
only  food  found  in  his  tenement,  was  two 
Or  three  bir.ls,  picked  for  cooking,  and 
a  few  potatoes.  We  believe  he  was  a 
native  of  some  of  the  neighboring  towns, 
but  of  his  early  life,  or  the  motives  which 
led  him  to  seek  such  an  uncomfortable 
asylum  from  the  vanities  of  life,  we  have 
BO  knowledge. 

JVeiv-Haven  Herald,  J^ov.  11. 


LOKGEVITY. 

In  England,  Sept.  14,  Gen.  Felix  Buckley, 
114,  the  oldest  otRc'V  in  tli"  British  army.— 
In  Lonflon,  Eleauor  Job,  105. 

In  Pittsburj;,  Penn.  Mrs.  Catharine  Morton, 
I''5.— In  Maine,  at  Jay,  Mr.  Mos -s  Pierce, 
99  ;  at  Hebron,  Mr.  Jeremiah  H-.dg-don,  90, 
a  pensioner  ;  at  Sed^ewick,  Mrs.  Pa.tty  Bab- 
son,  98.— lu  Massachusetts,  at  Raynhani.  Mr. 
Nathaniel  Hall,  92  ;  at  '"Vestford,  Lt.  Thom- 
as Read,  91 ;  in  Leominster,  Mrs.  Elizabeth 
Robbins,  100  yes.  7  mo. — In  Vermont,  at 
Montpelier,  Oct.  13,  Mrs.  Mary  Mellen,  wid- 
ow of  the  iate  Charles  Melien,  formerly  of 
Frar.eestown,  N.  H.  93  yrs.  3  jno.  20d.  ;  at 
Walden,  widow  Debjrah  Plur.ier,  formerly 
of  Hampsteud,  N.  H.  95  yrs.  5  mo.  I7d.— In 
Connecticut,  at  Thompson,  Mrs.  Dike,  91  ;  at 
Hartford,  Mrs.  Beulah  Ward,  91  ;  at  Chat- 
ham, Afi-s.  Colton.  97.— In  Netu-Hampshhe, 
at  Gotfsto^ni,  Lt.  Job  Kidder,  100  yrs.  3  mo.  ; 
at  Hampton-Falls,  Kxtnm.  Sanborn,  widow  of 
Benjamin  Sanborn,  91  ;  at  Wakefield,  Oct. 
14,  Mr.  Nathaniel  Murdoiigh,  in  the  94tli 
year  of  his  age— retaining  his  faculties  to  the 
last.  He  stands  the  third  in  the  catalogue  of 
longevity  in  that  town.  Robert  Macklin  died 
in  1787,  aged,  as  was  supposwl.  115  ;  in  1808, 
Samuel  Allfu,  97.  A  sister  of  Mr.  Murdough 
is  now  living  in  her  92d  year,  and  two  other 
persons  over  90,  in  Wakefield. 


THERMOMETRICAL  AND  METEOROLOGICAL  OBSERVATIONS, 

FOR  SEPTEMBER,  1823. 


At 

Portsmouth,  in  hit.  43°  4'. 

Jit 

Hopkinton,  in  lat.  43°  11'. 

S 

§ 

S 

^ 

2 

§  ^ 

ffl 

< 

a; 

a; 

CT5; 

TVinds  and  Weather. 

< 

A,  a; 

Winds  and  Weathtr. 

1159 

65 

54 

E.  Fair. 

1 

54 

70  50 

NW.  Flying  clouds 

2 

52 

63 

52 

Same. 

2 

40 

68  51 

NW.SW.  Fair 

S 

55 

76|68 

W.  Fair. 

3 

45 

76  65 

S.  Cloudy  ;  Fair 

4 

70 

81 

67 

Same. 

4 

65|  78160 

SW.  W.  Rain  ;  fair 

5 

58 

79 

62 

Same. 

5 

48|7l|55 

W.  Fair 

6 

61 

83 

70 

Same. 

C 

49 

79  65 

SW.  W.  Fair;  cloud v 

7 

59 

54 

51 

E.  Rain. 

7 

57 

59  52 

NW.  NE.  Cloudy;  rain 

8 

51 

65 

48 

E.  Fair. 

8 

48 

64,47 

NE.  Cloudy ;  Fair 

9 

48 

64 

50 

E    Smoky. 

9 

38 

66 

47 

NE.  Fair 

10 

51 

65 

53 

SE.    Fair. 

10 

38]69 

49 

NE.  SE.  Fair 

11 

55 

67 

56 

S.   Fair. 

11 

38  67 

53 

SE.  S.  Cloudy  ;  fair 

12 

56 

66 

57 

S.  Fair  ;  foggy. 

12 

55 

67 

53 

S.  SE.  Fair 

13 

58 

64 

50 

Same. 

13 

52 

67 

55 

SE.  NW.  Rain;  fair 

14 

60  80 

65 

Changeable. 

14 

44 

71 

47 

NW.  Cloudy  ;  fair 

15 

58*66 

52 

Cloudy ;  fair. 

16 

44 

67 

54 

SE.  W.  NW.  Rain 

16 

50l'i8 

56 

W.  Fair. 

16 

54 

6d 

57 

NW.E.  Cloudy;  fair 

17 

60i65!59]S.  Cloudy  ;  rain. 

17 

57 

75 

65 

NE.  E.  Cloudy  ;  rain 

18 

70 

81  68 

W.  Fair. 

18 

54 

75 

64 

SE.  SW.  Cloudy ;  fair 

19 

67 

72 

53 

NW.  Fair. 

19 

54 

65 

57 

NW.  Cloudy  ;  fair 

20 

76 

73 

69 

Same. 

20 

54 

75 

65 

SW.  S.  Fair 

2] 

55153 

42 

NW.  Light  clouds  and  rain. 

21 

54 

57 

44 

NW.  Fair  ;  cloudy 

22 

39 

57 

39 

NVV.  Fair. 

22 

33 

,54 

32 

N\^.  Cloudy  ;  fair 

23 

39 

54 

46 

E.  Fair. 

23 

32 

57 

35 

NW.  NE.  Fair 

24 

45 

54 

52 

E.    Cloudy. 

24 

38 

54 

49 

NE.  Cloudy 

25 

50 

63 

53 

SE.  Clowly. 

25 

36 

62 

51 

NE.  N.  Cloudy 

26 

55 

65 

50 

Same. 

26 

48 

69 

54 

SW.  NW.  Cloudy;  fair 

27 

54!  59      {Same. 

27 

46 

62 

40 

NW.  Cloudy;  fair 

28 

6142NVV.  Pais. 

28 

32 

56 

42 

NW.  Fair 

29 

34  59  42] Changeable  ;  rain. 

29 

31 

53 

37 

NW.  Cioudy 

30 

35 

53 

NW.  Fair. 

he 

29 

49 

41 

NW.  Fair 

Appendix. 


101 


THERMOMETRICAL  AND  METEOROLOGICAL  OBSERVATIONS. 

FOR  OCTOBER,  1623. 

At  Portsmouth   in  lat.  43°  4'.  M  Hopkinion,  in  lat.43°U'. 


? 

*< 

> 

!^ 

.  s 

s 

i 

M 

^ 

£ 

S        Winda  and  Weather. 

Q   c- 

X 

7> 

Winds  and  Weather. 

1 

41" 

70 

50  W.  Fair. 

l 

40 

63 

41 

W.  Fair 

2 

4-2 

7fi 

60  Same. 

2 

32 

68 

48 

SW.  Fair 

3 

4; 

78 

'»6|Same, 

3 

49 

75 

53 

Same 

4  54 

83 

64  S.imc. 

4 

46 

82 

61 

Same 

5164 

68 

61 

Hain. 

5 

52 

77 

60 

SWS.  Fair; Cloudy; Rain. 

f 

54 

65 

44 

N.  W    Rain. 

6 

51 

55 

37 

NW.  Fair 

■7 

-lO 

57 

49 

East  ;  Sun  ;  light  clouds. 

7 

28 

53 

43 

N\V.  NE.  Fair;  Cloudy 

8 

48 

63 

52 

East;  Fair  ;  Cloudy. 

8 

42 

57 

53 

E.SE.  Cloudy 

9 

58 

64 

58 

S.  Cl<iv.dy. 

9 

43 

65 

55 

S.  Rain  ;  Cloudy  and  Fair 

10 

50 

61 

44 

N.  W.  Fair. 

10 

44 

55 

43 

SW.W.  Fair  and  Cloudy 

11 

41152 

36 

Same. 

11 

37 

46 

34 

NW.  Cloudy  ;    Fair 

12 

3^150 

37 

Same. 

12 

39 

47 

47 

W.  Fair 

1:1 

44|52 

46 

Rain  and  thunder. 

1.-? 

24 

44 

34 

W.S.SW.  Cloudy;  Rain 

14 

30 

45 

31;n.  W.  Fair. 

14 

37 

40 

31 

NW.  Fair ;  Flying  cloudB. 

15 

30 

58 

47|Sainp. 

15 

24 

53 

43 

SW.  Fair 

IC 

4it 

54|Clou(ly;  Rain  night. 

16 

43 

63 

52 

S.  Cloudv  ;  Rain 

17 

54 

60 

44  Changeable. 

17 

52 

57 

42 

NW.  Fair  ;  Cloudy. 

1« 

41 

46 

4(1  Rain. 

18 

34 

45 

34 

NW.  Snow  ;  Cloudy 

19 

40 

50 

34  N.  W.  Fair. 

19 

34 

42 

30 

NW.Fair 

20 

64 

45lSame. 

20 

23 

58 

41 

SW.  Fair 

21 

41 

60l53|Same. 

21 

30 

61 

47 

S.  Fair  ;  Cloudy 

22 

52 

52 

40Same. 

22 

45 

50 

'S3 

NW.  Cloudy  ;  Fair 

23 

31 

57 

SOiChanReable. 

23 

32 

51 

46 

WS.  Fair  ;  Cloudy 

24;47 

60 

37 

Same. 

24 

44|'5l 

31 

W.  Fair ;  Cloudy 

25 

,40 

40 

38 

S.  E.  Changeable  ;  rain. 

25 

33 

3i 

32 

N.  snow  six  inches 

2G 

40 

42 

40 

N.  K.  Cloudy. 

26 

34 

41 

35 

N.  Cloudy. 

27 

42 

45 

44 

!V.  E.  Rain. 

27 

3i 

42 

37 

NW.Rain. 

28 

45 

53i43 

N.  E  Cloudy. 

28137 

5l!41 

NW.  Rain;  Cloudy 

29;43]60 

43 

Var.  Cloudy. 

29,39 

52 

38 

NW.  Cloudy  ;  Fair, 

30|40|52 

37 

Changeable. 

30|32 

47 

27 

NW.  Fair 

31 

32 

52 

39 

E.  Fair. 

31 

22 

44 

28 

N.NE.  Fair 

METEOROLOGICAL  OBSERVATIONS  FOR  NOV.    1823. 


7 

8 

9 
10 
l| 
l2 
I3 
U 

16 
17 

38 
IP 
20 
21 

22 
2."J 
24[:0 


At  Portsmouth,  in  lat.  43°  4', 


.^9|41 
45 


E.  cloudy  ;  rain 

NW.  cloudy  ;  fair 

•VW.  fair 

\V.  cloudy  ;  fair 

same 

K.  cloudy  ;  rain  niglit 

E.  rain 
28  E.  fair 
371 W.  fair 
53  W.  cloudy  ;  rain 
■,3|E.  rain 
2!|W.fdir 
.'0  changeable 
.56  same 
r?.S  NW.  fair 
l9|same 


25 
2« 
S7 

2," 

29||J 

30-20 


47 
1i;4 
5t 
34 
32 
38 
46 
J,1 
,35 


N\E.  cloudy 

W.  fair 

same 

hazy 

cloudy 

changeable 

•N'W.  fair;  high  wind 

NW.  fair 

SE.  c'cudy  ;  tnow  storm 

N'E. cloudy ;  rain 

changeable 

NW.fair 


IS 
I2lsamf 


At  Hopkinton,  in  lat.  43°  11'. 


SI 
37 
46 
40'23 


22 

30 
4* 


25|S.  cloudy 

—14 


NE.  cloudy  ;  rain 

\^^.  rain  ;  cloudy;  fair 

N.  fifir;  flyincf  clouds 

SW.  fair  ;  cloudy 

SW.  NW.fair 

NW.  SW.fair  ;  eloudy  ;  snow 

SW.  NW.  snow  ;  cloudy ;  rai« 

XW.  fair 

same 

NW.  fair  ;  cloudy  ;  rain 

N.  rain  ;  cloudy  ;  fair 

NW.  fair 

SW.  W.fair;  snow;  fair 

SW.  fair  ;  cloudy 

W.  variable 

\M'.  fair 

NE.  cloudy  ;  fair 

NAV.  fair 

W.  fair  ;  cloudy  ;  fair 

SW,  smoky  ;  fair 
42  SW.  fair;  cloudy 
32  WNW.  cloudy  and  fair  ;  cloudy 
22  NW.fair  ;  high  wind 
17  NW.  fair. 

30ISW.  N.  NE.  cloudy  ;  snow 
33 L\E.  NW.  rain  ;  cloudy 
34  NW,  cloudy  ;  rain  ;  fair 
25  lalNW.  fair 
24  ISlSamc. 
34|2S|SW.  cloudy  and  fair 


39'j4y 
22|31 
17  29 
34 
31  45 
33 
23 


102 


Appendix. 


THERMOMETRICAL  AND  METEOROLOGICAL  OBSERVATIONS. 

FOR    DECEMBER,     1823. 

.It  Hopkmion,  in  lat.  43°  11'.  At  Concord,  in  lat,  43"  W. 


23 
31 

3  l« 

4 

r; 

6 

7 

8 

i) 
10 
1 

1?-|I6 
lo  21 

14  24 

15  26j 
IK  2;' 

17  2-2 

18  5 
19124 
2(il.{3 
21  i  2;; 
221 1 1 
23  24 
24132 


^  p. 


'  '' 

;.■) 

.>2 

46 

2J 

Z.") 

:> 

13 

r'i32 

16 

24 

JVind.i  and  Weather: 
36132  V'.-T'aii  ;  Cloudy. 
42  2*  \V.  Cloudy  ;  Fair  Evening. 
4ij[33  S.  VV.  Fair ;  Clnudy  Eveniii". 

4(1  -i.  Cloudy  ;   Raiu." 

22  \W.  N.  VV.  Cloudy  ;  Fair. 
28  23  VV.  F?iv  anuCIoufly. 

34  VV.  Fair  and  Cloudy  ;    Rain. 
C  N.  \K.  Cloudy  and  F'air. 

13  N.  E.  Cloudv;  .Snow. 

27  N'.E.N  Snu\v,6iiicii.  Cloudy. 

10  N.  \V.  Fair. 
28  23  N.  \V.  Cloudy  and  Sno  v. 
!.T2|24  N.  W.  Fair  ;  Cloudy,  Eve. 
32126  VV.  N   W.  Cloudy  ;  Snow. 

31  26  N.  VV.  N.  E.  Cloudy  ;  Snow. 

32  28  N.K.  Snow  18  inches  Cloudy. 
32I2I  N.  W.  Fair. 

3'i  17  Same. 

33  36  N.  W.  Rain  ;  Fair  Evening. 
41  32  W.  Fair 

iO  13  W.  N.  W.  Cloudy  ;  Fair. 

24  20  N.  W.  N.  E.  Cloudy. 

33  32  N.  E.  Cloudy  ;   Fair 

34j20  N.  E.  S.  VV   Rain  &c.  ;  fair. 

26118  W.  N.  W.  Fair. 

20  16  VV.  N.   Fair. 

30I23  VV.  S.  W.  Fair;  Cloudy. 

;6,36lS.  VT.  VV.  Cloudy  ;  Fair. 

32  32  S.  W.  IV.  VV.  Fair. 

36  37  S.  W.  Fair  •,  Cloudy. 

49  37  S.  W'.  Fair  and  Cloudy. 


—  a-. 


Winds  and.  Weaiher. 


1()|40|34 

3341  37 
184438 
32!4C42i 
.39  39  37 


27  28 

4  20 


!9|27 
IG29 
-2234 
24134 


Fair 

Cloudy 

Fair 

Cloudy  ;  rain 

Fair;   clouds 

Fair 

Cloudy ;    fair 

Fair ;  wind 

Fair  ;  snow,  eve. 


I8|35  31  Snow,  6  in.  fair 


201  Fair 

28  Cloudy  ;  snow 

2R|Fair 

30  Cloudy  ;  snow 


28  22 


12 


Snow 

Snow  _ 

Fair 

Fair 

Rain 

Fair 

Fair 

Fair  ;  cloudy 

Rain 

Rain  ;  snow 

Fair 

Fair;  wind 

Clouds  ;  fair 


Id  Rain  ;  snow  ;  fair 


35|48|38 


Fair 
Fair 
Fair 


Below  zero. 


MONTHLY  REGISTER  OF  DEATHS, 

WITH    CONCISE    BIOGRAPHICAL    NOTICES. 


In  Cliarlpstown.Hon.  Samuet,  Stev- 
ens, 89,  Register  of  Protiate  for  the 
county  of  Cheshire.  He  was  a  son  of 
Capt.  Phineas  Stevens,  the  celebrated 
warrior,  who  encountered  the  army  of 
French  and  Indians  under  Monsieur  De- 
beiine  in  1747,  and  srrandson  pf  Deac. 
Joseph  Stevens  of  Rutland,  Ms.  He 
w,\s  among  the  earliest  inhaliitants  of 
Chp.rlestown, although  he  must  have  been 
very  youne;  when  that  town  was  settled. 
In  1752,  Mr.  Stevens  arcompanied  his 
father  to  Canada  for  the  redemption  of 
prisoners.  The  first  that  "ffered  was  a 
youn^  man  of  erect,  athletic  appearance 
in  full  Indian  dress,  decorated  with  vl'am- 
pnni  and  silver  to  increase  his  value. 
The  bargain  was  made,  but  the  Indian 
master  divested  him  of  his  costly  dress. 
This  young  majr  was  no  other   than  the 


late  General  John  Stark,  who  was  takew 
prisoner  in  April,  the  same  year.  Mr. 
Stevens  was  elected  the  first  representa- 
tive to  the  General  Court.  Previous  to 
the  adoption  of  the  Constitution  he  held 
a  Colonel's  commission.  He  was  ap- 
pointed Register  of  Probate,  February  8, 
1794.  From  the  year  1799  to  1805,  in- 
clusive, he  was  a  member  of  the  Execu- 
tive Council.  He  was  appointed  a  Jus- 
tice of  the  Peace  throughout  the  State 
March  22, 1804,  at  the  age  of  70 years. 

In  ClareiTiont,  Capt.  Caleb  BAtD- 
wiivr,  86,  a  revolutionary  patriot  and  a 
worthy  man. 

In  Amherst, Lieut.  ArchelAus  Bat- 
CHELDER,  about  80,  an  officer  of  the 
revolution.  F'e  was  a  son  of  Mr.  Jo- 
seph Batchelder,  who  d>ed  <<t  Wilton  in 
1816,  at  the   age  of  96,   and  descender! 


.Appendix. 


103 


from  an   ancient   family  timt  emigrated 

from  Dorsetshiri.'  in  Kngland  to  this  conn- 
try  at  an  early  peric.d  ol  its  .settipincnt. 

In  (Jeorgt'town,  I)  C.  Col.  Benja- 
min HoMANS,  59,  late  chief  Clerk  of 
the  Navy  De))arlnieni,  and  recently  ap- 
pointed Naval  Store  Keeppi  at  Forts- 
mouth,  formerly  of  Boston. 

In  Philailelpt.ia,  Mr.  Robert  Scott,  79, 
Engraver  to  the  mint  of  the  U.  S. 

In  Xevv-York,  Rev  Ezra  Sampson, 
75.  He  was  a  native  of  Miildlchorough, 
Miss.;  graduated  at  Yale  College  in 
177.}.  He  was  ord.iined  at  l'lym()ton, 
Mass.  in  1776;  resigned  1796;  officiated 
as  Chapla'n  of  the  army  at  Cambridge 
in  the  fii<t  c  unpaign  of  the  revolution^try 
war.  In  1797,  he  settled  at  Hudson, 
N.  Y  ,  where  he  published  the  "  Beau- 
ties of  the  Bible,"  the  "  Historical  Dic- 
tionaiy,"  and  the  '•  Sham  Patriot  Un- 
masked," and  last,  not  least  in  merit,  the 
"  Brief  Rwmarker."  which  has  passed 
through  n»any  editions,  and  is  adopted  as 
a  standard  work  in  many  of  our  schools. 
His  death  is  universally  lamented  by  all 
that  knew  him. 

In  Portland,  Me.  Capt  James  Far- 
mer, 43,  merciiant.  He  w-is  horn  at 
Plymouth.  Mass.  July  15,  1780. 

At  West  Point,  N.  Y.  D-^c.  15,  Dr. 
James  Cutbcsh,  Professor  of  Chemis- 
try in  the  Military  Academy.  A  man 
not  only  known  for  hi*  extensive  knowl- 
edge of  Cheii'.istry,  but  distinsuished  for 
bis  philanthropy  and  patriotism. 


lu 


-,  Conn.  Dec.   13,  Hon 


Tapping  Uceve,  79,  formerly  Cliiel  Ju» 
ticeof  liiat  State. 

LO.NGEVITY. 
In  Enghinil,  Mr.  Malihew  Vallet,  91 
a  celebrated  philosopher.  In  Perth, 
Scotland,  Mr.  John  Ste-.\art,  95.  InTon- 
kcrs,N.Y.Au'iMstus  Van  Corthiut,Es(i.9G 
— In  Con/iedicut,  Al  Windham,  Mr.Jolm 
Ormsby,  92;  Mrs.  Miriam  Cross,  lOO 
yrs.  2  mo. — In  J\Iassacliuselts,  at  Attlebo- 
rough,  Mrs.  Plicbe  Guild,  98  ;  at  Boston, 
John  Vinal,  Esq.  90;  at  Wellingtrm, 
Mrs.  Mary  Briggs,  102,  leaving  9  child- 
ten  of  the  following  ages,  79,  77,  73,  72, 
70,  68,  63.  60,  57  ;  at  North-Bridgewa- 
tcr,  Mr.s.  Abigail  Howard,  93;  at  Sl'el- 
burne,  :\'ov.  23,  Mr.  Alexander  Clark, 
94  ;  at  Brimfield,  Mr.  Phinehas  Haynes, 
96;  at  Salem,  Mr.  William  Moneys, 
92  ,  Mrs.  Abigail  Berry,  92;  at  Rowley, 
Mr.  Nehemiah  Ji;wett,"9.?;  at  Chilmaik, 
Mr.  William  Stewart,  94;  at  Milford, 
Mrs.  Beach,  96  ;  at  Dartnioutli,  Mr. 
Benjamin  Allen,  92. — In  J^eic-ffimp- 
shirt,  at  Canterbury,  Mr.  Nathaniel  Pal- 
lote,  100  ;  at  Lilchfi'Md,  Mrs.  Lucy 
Read,  97  ;  at  Meredith,  Mrs.  Abigail 
Roberts,  95;  at  Mrnt  Vernon,  Mr.  Jo- 
seph Pcrkitis,  93  ;  at  New-London,  Mr. 
Aquil.i  Wilkins,  90;  at  Westmoreland, 
Nov.  22,  Mrs.  D.^borah  Wheeler,  92 ;  at 
Newington,  Dec.  1,  Mrs.  Temperance 
Knight,  93,  relict  of  the  late  John  K. 
Esq. 


Dicing  Bells. — The  first  diving  bell  we  read  of  was  nothinp;  bu(  a 
very  large  kettle,  suspended  by  ropes,  with  the  month  downw.rrJs,  and 
planks  to  sit  on  fixed  in  the  niiJdIe  of  its  cavity.  Two  Greeks  at  Tole- 
do, in  1588,  made  an  cxneriment  with  it  before  the  Emperor  tJhziiles  V. 
They  descended  in  it  with  a  lighted  candle,  to  a  considerable  depth.  In 
1688.  William  Phipps,  the  son  of  a  blacksmith,  formed  a  project  tor  on- 
loadmg  a  rich  S;>anish  ship  sunk  on  the  coast  of  Hispauiola.  Charles  II. 
give  him  a  ship  with  every  thingr  neressary  for  his  undertaking  ;  but 
being  unsuccessful,  he  returned  in  great  poverty.  He  then  endeavour- 
ed to  procure  another  vessel,  but  failing,  lie  got  a  subscription,  to  which 
the  Duke  of  Albemarle  cmtributod — In  1G92,  Phipps  set  sail  in  a  ship  of 
200  tons,  having  previous'y  engaged  'o  divide  the  profils  according  to 
the  twenty  shares  of  wtiich  the  siibscriplion  consisted.  At  first  all  liis  la- 
bours proved  fruitless  ;  but  at  last,  when  he  seemed  almost  to  despair,  he 
w.^s  fortunate  enough  to  bring  up  so  much  treasure,  (hal  he  leliirned  to 
England  with  the  value  of  200,0001.  sterling.  Oi  this  sum  he  got  about 
20,0001.  and  the  Duke  90,0001.  Ph/pps  was  knighted  by  the  King;  and 
was  governor  of  Massacnusetts  till  his  death,  February  13,  1695,  at  the 
age  of  44  years.  Since  that  lime  diving-bells  have  been  very  oftea 
employed. — London  Exam. 


INDEX  TO  NAMES. 


<^bbot,  Reuben  23 

Thomas  S.  29 

Abercrombie,  Mr.  273 

Adams,  Henry  291 

rev.  Hugh  239,  243 
281,  284,291,  292 
dca.  Johu  291 

hoB.  John  130,  291 
rev.  John  364, 365 
rev.  Joseph  291 
rev.  Joseph  369 
M.t'l  aw  3ti4 

Alden,  rev.  Timothy  17,61, 
203,  309 


289 
29 
79 


AUen.col.f  Ethan] 

rev.  Wilkes 

rev.  William 

Ailing,  rev.  James 

Ames,  (Ir  Nathaniel 

Andros.  sir  Edmund 41, 131 

Anne,  Queen  384 

Appleton,  col  John         294 

Ashley.rev  Joseph  298,  299 

Atkiuson,hon  Theodorel9(>, 

376 

hon  Theodore  196! 

356 

hon  Theodore  19' 

343,  356 

B. 

Bachelor,  rev  Stephen  236 

Bacon,  rev  Jacob  176,  333 

sir  Naihaniel       232 

Baldwin.  James  303 

Henry  334 

Ba'ch,  rev  William 

Ball,  Thomas 

Bams,  dr 

Barr.  r.ol  S. 

Barrett,  Nathaniel 

Bartlett,  non  Josiah  18,151 

dr  Josiah  17 

James  217,  219. 


Benedict,  rev  David         96|Cimden,  [William]  300. 540 
Berry,  Stephen  171  C.ir^,enier,  rev  Ezia        3J8 

Bird,  rev  Samuel     362,  363  Gary  ^latthew  388 

Bishop,  Eiios  376. 377|Cariier  Richard  69 


Blackstone,  VViFiam  351 
Blake,  rev  .lol.n  L.  94 

serg  Samuel  321,  326, 

328 

Blanchard,  col  30tj 

Thoin.is  305 

Blazo,  William       321,329 

Blunt,  major  193 

rev  John  296 

Bowdoin,  James  278,  279 
Bowditch,  Nathanitl  278 
Bowman,  Robert  344 


80 
280iBowen,  Abel 


220 


188 

Boylsion,  Richard  64 

Brackett,  lion  Joshua  17,21 

nirs  Hannah    19,  20 

AdinoN.  97 

Joseph  W.  97 

Bradford,  gov  [Wm]  33,  37 

Aldeu  31,  129 

Bradley,  Jonathan  21,23,24 

Samuel  23, 24 

Bradstreet,  Simon  esq    236 

Bridge,  rev  Ebenezer    280 

Biock,  rev  John 

Brooks,  gov  [John] 

Browne,  rev   Arthur 


296 
76 
298, 
300 
388 
383 


Thomas  69 

Carlton,  capt  Jonathan  356 
Carigain,  dr  Philip  189 

Carver,  gov  Jolm         34,  35 
Cnadbourne,     [Hum- 
phrey]        54 
Chamberlain.  Rebecca     70 
William  171 

Samuel  171 

capt  John         356 
Chadwick,  dr  Edmund  334 


Brown,  rev  Allen 

John 
Buckminster,   rev    Jo- 

scph  D.  D.  273 
Burdet,  Francis      234,  236 
35SJBurnap,  rev  Jacob  D.  D.  76 
345  Burn.^1,  dr  Tliomas         257 
356JBurley,  J.  3.56, 

356  Burrouglis.rev  Charles  195,iCook,  Timothy 
217  captaiH 

69  Cooper 


Peter  217 

Chase,  H  esq  153 

Jonathan      154,  156 
Moses  154,  156 

Samuel         154  156 
rev  Stephen     355,  3.56 
Chilton,  James  37 

Mary  49 

Child,  sir  Josiah  161 

Choate,  Mr  152 

Christ!  324 

Church, co!  Benjamin     24 
Jonathan  356 

Clagett,  Wyseman  145 

Clarke,  rev  John  266,  293 
rev  Ward  151,  293 
Clark,  rev  Matthew  294 
rev  Thomas  279 

Clinton,  gov  128 

Cobbett,  rev  Thomas 
Coffin,  Eliphalet 

rev  Peter 
Colcord,  Peter 
Coicot,  Edward 
Colman,  Jabez 


rev  George 
Burton  rev  dr  96'Coiton,  rrv  Josiah 

Ichabod  217,213,  220|Buss,  John  291 

hon  Levi  148[Butterworth,  Joseph  esql9() 


Richard 
Bassett,  rev  dr 
Bayley,  rev  Abner 
B«ai),  John 
Beattie.  rev  Andrew 
Beck  &  Foster  64 

Bedel,  capt   Tiraothj    221 
B«Uow3,  Heary  221 


217,  2I9!Butten,  William 
128'Byron,  Lord 
334  ByrJ.  William 
23  C. 

220'Calef,  Robert 


Calfe,  hon  Joha 

col 
Call  Philip 


35 
127 
278 

42 

42.44 

43 

376 


3;!4 

333 
333 
152 
54 
152 
377 
143 
96 
387 
rev  Roland  298 

rev  John  238,  239 

rev  Theophilus      289 
rev  Seaborn  238 

rev  Ward  298 

Cox,  rey  John  D.  D.  299 
Cranfield,  Edward  156,  238, 
268 

Crosby,  dr  [JosiaUl         328 
Cubitt,  Mr  '  W 


Index, 


C'infimine«,  Mr        303,305 

Cunning  MM,  EphrM     316 

XVilliain  316 

■Currier.  Moses  154 

JonHfhnn  154 

CiJifis  rev  .loiinthan       3'2 

Cashinmi  i-ev  [Robert]      34 

Cjtt,  Join  161 

Ricbard  161 

C^i'ts,  Eilward  jr  195 

Cu'ier.C  W  64,  217 

Gushing   lev.  James      295 

Caleb  38B 

D. 

Dalton,  rev  Tiiinotiiy    2:3 

236 
Dana,  prof    Janttes  F. 

31,352 

rev  Daniel  D.  D.     222 

Danfortl),  Jona         65, 270 

rev  Nicholas  65,  269 

rev  Sr.iTiuel    65,  27(» 

hon  Thomas  65,  269 

hon  Samnel  270 

Davidson,  rev  William  334 

D  u'i'*,  hon  John    72  ,  22'> 

Dioisnn,  rev  John  298 

Dsiiiiis,  rev  John    368,  369 

D  ddtidge,  dr  Joseph      128 


Farmer,  Edward  67 

John         6,188,217 
Nathaniel  383 

revRionardD.  D.  67 
rev  Thomas  67 

FarweD.fJosiah]    305,306 

Fiske,  rev  John 
rev  Moses 

Fitch,  rev  Jabez 

Flagg,  &  Gould 

rev  Ebenezer 

Flanders,  Ezekiel 

Fogg,   rev  Jeremiah 


Door,  Jonathan 
Downing  George 

Richard 
Downs,  Gershom 
Dioivn,  S  lainel 
Dudley,  Joseph 

Paul 

rev  Samuel 

gov  Thomas 


170 
130 
356 
169 
170 
237,  385 
278,  279 
237 


143, 
237 
143 

30 

70 

71 

154 


Forrest,  George 
Foster  Ephraim 
Fowler,  Samuel 
Franklin,  c^pt 

Benjamin 
Freeman,  Asa 
French,  Lieut 
Frost,  George 

hon  John 

Joshua 
Fuller,  Samuel 

G. 

Galusha,  [Daniel] 
Gambling,  Benjamin 
George,  Thomas 
Gerard  Mr 
Gibbons,  Edward 
Gibson,  Richard 
Gilman,  Abigail 

gov  [John  T] 

Daniel 

hQn  Peter 
Giddings,  John 
Godfrey,  Mary 


Haven  rev  samuel  198,366, 

368 

rev  thomas  76 

Heard, Joseph  169 

Hicks,  benjamin  207 

Hildreth.  hosea  217 

:i79  Hiil,  isaac  esq  64 

279  hon  John  296 

293         rev  samuel  170 

189  Hilton,  edward  53,  54,  125, 

299  234 

William     125, 127,  234 

wintlnop  385 

Hobbs,  rev  jamcs  366 

Hogg,  robert  180,  181 


376 
330, 
331 
192 
378 
375 
192 
27H 
217 
305,  3U6 
146 


Dummer,  Jeremiah 
Dunbar,  Charles  S 
Durant  John 
Dutton,  Joanna 
Dustin,  Nathaniel 
Dvvight,  rev    Timothy 

D.  D.  359,  361 
Dyke,  Mr.  153 

E. 
Eastman,  Richard  97 

Robert 

Ellis,  hon  Calebll3,225,232 
Emerson,  rev  Daniel  361 
rev  John  146,  198, 
268 
198 
254 
376 


53,54 
64 
80 

22 
375 
221 


Madam 
Emery,  Caleb 

Edward 

rev.  Stephen  335,337 
Endicot,  John  143 

English,  George  Bethune  93 
Estaing,  Count  201,343 
Evans,  rev  Israel  165 

F. 
Farley,  Timothy  68 


Gookin,  hon  Daniel  333 

rev  Nathaniel  333 

Goffe,  col  John     214,  307. 
356 

Georges,  sir  F 

Goss,  p.  T 

Gray,  David 

Green,  dr 

Green,  Nathaniel 

Gridley,  Richard 
H. 

Hadley,  Samuel  383 

Hains,  Samuel  261 

Hale,  rev  Moses  295 

John  856 

Hall,  rev  Avery  170 

capt  Edward  295 

Hmmon,  capt  110 

Harrington,  Caleb  383 

Jonathan  jr  383 

lev  Timothy  334, 


Hodgdon,  Jonathan  170 

Hopkins,  Stephen  36 

Hosack.  david  278 

Howe,  gen  201 

Howland.john  40 

Hoit.  E  esq  388 

Humphreys,  david  278 

2961Hunt,  John  M  180 

321  Hutton,  dr  259 

35lHutcliinson,  ann  236 

I  J- 

Jack  man,  moses  376 

Jackson,  dr  hall  168 

clement  18 

Jaflfrey,  george  197 

george  197 

george  197 

Jefferson,  thomas  356 

Jenness,  richard  356 

Jones,  sir  william 

thomas  355 

Johnson,  edward  143 

Johnston,  rev  vviliiam  361, 

362 

Judson,  ann  H        160,  190 

K. 
Kelly,  jolin  esq      217,  219 

rev  William  334 

Kent,  george  esq     217,  219 
Kidder  rev  Joseph  79 

Knowles,  james  356 

Knollys,  Hanserd  236,  237 


303 
197 
235 
343 1 
143 

261,  299 

152 

337 

23,24 

356,  361 

356 

37 


Ladd,  capt  daniei 

aloxander 
Lampson,  dr  John 

gideon 
Lang'lon,  rev  samuel 
Lansing,  JL.hn  jr 
Larkham,  Thomas 
Ldthrop,  rev  John 
Laurens,  hon  henry 


Laurence,  Joseph 
,  Leverich,  william 
335lLeavitt,  dudley 
Haven,  Nathaniel  Ajr    64  joshua 

124,  194,  217,  219,  220|Lee,  major  H 
rev  Joseph    169, 170iLeechman  prof. 


22 
217 
214 
216 
361 
207 
237 
66 
370, 
373 
322 
234 
190,  257 
i48 
94 
168 


Index, 


Ledyard,  col  81 

Levt'iett,  John  27h 

Levistont' John  71 
Livermore,  hon  arthur  209 

hon  sHinuel  2;t!> 

(laniel  2 
Livius,  ppter           204,  356 

Livingston,  henry  B  20 

Loi)^,  major  ]90 

Lovewell.  mr  180 

jonatiian  l!>i' 

jolin  ICO 

z^tcchpus  U!o 

Lowell,  ijeorge  151 
Luffkin,'jolui              23. 24 

Lyro.  .-'.uios  97 

judge  (John)  388 
M. 

Macclintock,  John  2 

nathaniel  270 


Moody,  rrv  John     294,  295 

Moor,  rev  .solomon         Kii! 

pphraim  378 

Moore,  eduanl  15  97 

rev  (Humpiirev)    77 

liU,  187 

jac.l.  B     6.94.  131. 

188,  2-18,  249,  285,352 

Thomas  127 

Moorliead  rev  John         168 

Mnre\ ,  Israel  esq  154 

\hw,  Abhc  258 

Morse,  rev  jedidiah  63,  93, 

128 

Moulton,  capt 

cap'  J 

daniel 

Mugfonl,  cnpt 

Mullet,  Thomas 

N. 


Pepporell.sir  Wm  197, 1?>8, 
Pickerio!;,  lion  John         oM 


Picrci!  Solomon 
Pike  rt-v  James 


.iS3 
147,  294. 
295 


110 
35( 
254 
385 
308 


nicliolas 

rev  John 
Pitman  mrselizabeth 
Pitts  htin  jamps 

John 

Samuel 
Plunier  hon  william 


>i'v  Samuel  D  I»   'S.l, 
273,  278,  332,  362,  36^* 


saniuel 

276 

William 

273 

willlani 

276 

MTckintosh,  Donald 

59 

M  liii,  rev  amos 

330 

Marsh,  jos-pph 

154 

March,  col  C 

35R 

Mason,  capt  John      53,  54. 

rVewmarch,  hon  John 
Nichols,  Jonathan 
Noyes,  parker 
O. 

Odlin.rev  John 
iOiivir,  benjamin  L 
Osborne,  Selleck 

P. 

Packard,  rev  hczekiah    280 
Page  capt  caleb      180,  181 


293 

hon  jereiniah      113, 

219 

Mather,  dr  cotton    42,  232. 

235,264,  278 

Martin,  Solomon  39 

Maud,  rev  daniel  237 

M'clary,  andrew     321,  378 

hon  John  329 

Michael      222, 321 

M'coy,  Charles        321,  327 

inrs  323  325 

M'gregore,  rev  david      113, 

274,330,  331j  William 

rev  James    292,  293  Passaconaway 
Means,  hon  robertll2,  inlPatch,  Elizabeth 
Melom,  nath.Hniel  375  Patten  malthew 

Merrill,  rev  nathaniel  330, 
332 
capt  E 


19« 
193 
217 

361 
64 
160 


265 
:U9 
>'iS 
i;»8 
}93 
217, 
219 
21f 
)70 
1M5 
•M',3 
172 
172 
169 


rev  joiin 
PalTrey,  rev  (John) 
Parish,  mv 
Parker,  rev  nathan 

lobr^rt 

William 

rev  Edward  L 

jaraes 

Jonas 
Parrott,  hon  John  F 
Parsons,  Joseph 


rev  samuel  298,  299 


Meserve.  col 
Mitchell.  Stephen 

rev  Jonathan 

dr  saniuel  L 
Moffatt.  col  John 
Monroe.  Ehenezerjr 

jedidiah 

rohert 
Montcalm,  gen 
Montgomery.madanj 
Moodey,  rev  joshua 

Moody,  William 


Peabodv,  gen  nathanit  I  243 
370,  372.  373 
356  Oliver  W  8  124,194 

214  samuel  esq  32! 

217  Peck,  professor  351 

296  Peirce,  col  193 

30  Andrew        217.219 

198  daniel  356 

31!S  Percy,  Lord  383 

383  Percival,  dr  james  63 

«33  Peters,  rev  iuic»h  206 

214  obadiali  23.   •4 

198  Penhallow,  samuel  117,197, 
264,  305 

266  Pepperell  col  william  197, 
2*r2  198, 296 


hon  William  jr 

saniuel 

Poor,  gen  tnoch 

Porter,  asahel 

Powers,  capt  peicr 

rev  peter 

rev  waller 

Prentice,  rev  nathaniel  291, 

292 

Prentiss, John 

Prescoti,  gen 

Preston,  capt 

Prince,  gov  thomas 

rev  thomas 

revjcseph 

Prince  (a  negro) 

Putnam,  Daniel 

rev  i.^rael  W 
R 
306!Ralle,  sehastian 
217JRams.iv,  dr  riavid 

79  Rayn,. Joseph 
356  Read,j;'mes 

Reyner.  rev  John 

rev  John  jr 

Richards,  jr,sei)h 

Jonathan 
Richardson  &i  Lord 
Rindge,  daniel 
serRipley,  William 
91  [Rittenhouse,  david  278,  279 
37  Rohbins.john  :«!3 

146iRobert>, capt  timothy     1G9 


334 
195 


331 

261 
383 
195 

22(. 


64 
202 
139 
40 
33 
369 
383 
153 
217 


108, 


112 
371 
263 
165 
233,  239 
264 
169 
170 
31 
356 
156 


mosps 

170 

alexander 

23,  24 

Robinson,  col 

80 

rev  John 

34 

rev  david 

364 

edward 

o31 

pr  ter 

222 

Roby.  Luther 

64 

Roche,  capt  John 

299 

Rogers. John 

71 

thomas 

71 

rev  John 

267,  294 

rev  nathaniel 

2K7 

hon  nathanie 

267 

rev  daniel 

364 

Rolfe.  benjamin 

'*.i 

Index, 


Russcl,  rev  Jonathan     264]Thompson,  david 

ehaz  a"  264|  rev  thomas 

Rust,  rev  henry        18,  291  Thomas  general 

S. 
Sabbatis,  324 

Saltonstall,  hon  nathan- 

iel  208 
Salt,  henry  93 

Scr.le.-,  It  V  James  172 

Scammell,  "col  Alexan- 
der 166,  179,  222 
Scott,  sir  wiHi«m  19i 

Seccombe,  rev  Joseph    15' 
330 


hon  Joshua 
Thornton  matthew 

341,  342 
Thurston  rev  pearson     147 
TiUy  edward 
rr.ompson  Joseph 
Toothaker  dr  voger 

mary 

margaret 
Townsend  sir  roger 
Trask  rev  nathaniel 


1 

23'J 
152 

35t. 

356 

198 

557 

357 

337 

64 

7i 

290 

123 

383 

4 


Sedgevvick,  rohert 
Sever,  rev  nicholas 
Severance,  benjamin 
Sewall,  hon  david 
Sheafe,  Jacob 
Sherburne,  John  S 

henry 
Sherman,  hon  roger 
rev  John 
William 
Shepard,  John  VV 
Slied,  ann 

Shurlleff,  rev  wiKiam 
Smith,  capt  [John] 
It  col 
daniel  esq 

Jeremiah  LL  D  217, 

225 

William       217,  219, 

220 

Soutbwick  soIoniOB  esq  247 

SpaUiug  '^ver  154 

lyman  M  D        17 

Sparhavkfk  nathaniel       198 

rev  j.)lni  198 

Standish  capl  miles   36,  52 

Stark  John  KiS 

Sieariis,  dr  isaac  180 

Isaac  67 

John  66 

rev.josinh  67 

Stevens  col  ebpinzer      375 

eben-zer       152 

rev  phiiiehas       334 

Sterling  gen  lord  201 

'  St.  John  Oliver  66,  233 

Sl.iddard  rev  samson      279 

Si:  ry  hon  Joseph 

Stii-irt  professor 

Charles  J 

Strong  rev  job 

rev  titus 

Sullivan  gen  John  200,  214 

308 

Swan  rev  josiah 

r, 

Taylor  silas  2 

T' iicber  dr  James     61.200 
Thompson  benjamin      233 
col  eben  356 


69 

71 

71 

71 

232 

366, 

368 

Trickey  william  171 

True  rev  henry  366] 

Tucke  rev  John      296.  297 

Tuckney  aiitht  ny  D  D  232 

TuHor  [uilliani]  135 

Tufts  rev  Joshua  r'i34 

Tyler  rev  bennet    194,  219 

U. 

Underbill  capt        236  237 

Upham  rev  thomas  C      159 

gen  Timothy 


52,  55  Weld  thomas         233, 
297  rev  thomas 

200  rev  thomas 

351  edmund 

178,  revhabijah 

thomas 
Welman  rev  james 
36!  Wendell  John  W 
"    Wentworth  benning 


frances 


2«» 
265 
265 
2*55 
266 
266 
154 
207 
117, 
196 
196 


gov  John  196,  355 


217 
334 


col  John 
John 
M  H 
Samuel 
william 
West  hon  1  enjamin 
John 


356 

169 

356 

117.  1H6 

117,  1S6 

226 

22 


V. 

Van  Dyck  col  207 

Varnum  samucl  271 

thomas  272 

John  272 

Joseph  272 

hon  Joseph  B   271 
Vinson  Joseph  254 

W. 
Wadsworth  capt  41 

Waldron  maj  rPichard]9l. 
145,  197 
hon  Richard    19 

239 

thomas  W       197 

3.-16 

Walker  Joseph  17! 

rev  timothy      151 

294.  295 

col  timothy      221 


Westbrcokcol  64.108,111 

Wheelwright  rev  John     91, 

123,  235,  261 

Whipple  col  William      343 

rev  Joseph        294 

White  pcregine  37 

william  37 

Whiton  John  154 

Whittemore  rev  Aaron  330, 

331 

Whiting  rev  John  233 

rev  Joseph      233, 

270 

nathan  127 

rev  samuel232,233 

rev  samaei        66, 

68,  233 

Whiston  william  257 

Whitehurst  John  F  R  S  258 

Wibirujohn  294 

richard  197 

richard  197 

richard  197 

Wiggin  andrew  356 

Wilkins  rev  daniel  334,  335 


Wallace  hon  johojr 
george 

Wain  robert  jr  esq 
195  Walsh  robert  esq    12 
351 1  Warner  daniel 


97 

361,  365 

31 


333 


edwaid 


87 


capt  daniel  3'?'» 

Wills  rd  simon  b9 

rev  Samuel  357 

Williams  abp  259 

Wilson  rev  John  298 

Winship  tln.r.ias  383 

Winthrop  fitz  John  278 

John  278 

John  278 

hon  james  351 

Wolfe  edvvard  216 

gen  james  216 

176,  17R,|Wonolanset  92 

341,  356lWoodman  rev  Joseph  331 

nathaniel  esq       199JWoodward  John  257 

356 Worcester  J  E        61,  223 

195]  rev  samuel  D  D  191 

220|VrorthingtfTi  william  258 

321  VVorthen  ezekiel  356 

148,  153  Wright  major  Joseph  356 

149'Wyllys  mr  41 


295 
32 
324 
316 
,  352 
356 
356 
221 

Washington  gen    202,  308 

Weare  meshech 


Jonathan 
Joshua 


Webster  John 

hon  daniel 
rev  samuel 

Weeks  capt  samuel 

Welch  samuel 
philip 


INDEX 


TO  THE  DEATHS    OF   THE    PRINCIPAL  PERSONS  MENTIONED  IN  THE 
APPENDIX, 


Abbot,  reuben 

Adams,  peter  B  esq  72 
Allen  lieut  W.  H. 

Alkiere,  John  55 

Aspinwall,  wra  M.  D.  39 

Asgill,  sir  charles  87 

Arrowsrnith,  A.       '  65 

B. 

Bacheller,  Dr.  wm  87 
Baldwin,  capt  caleb 

Barstow,  benjamin  46 

Barnard,  raary  92 

Batchelder,  lieut  A.  102 
Bayley,  hannah 

Betton,  hon  silas  7 
Beauharnois,  prince  E 

Blair,  rev  asa  23 

Blackwell,  col  John  80 

Blanch,  col  thomas  79 

Bloomfield,  gen  Joseph  91 

robert  91 

Boardman,  hoa  E  87 

Bradford,  seth  31 

Brazer,  samuel  esq  31 

Bridge,  col  eben  23 

Brooks,  dr  ephraim  72 
Bowman,  robert 

Buckley,  gen  felix  lOO 

Burd,  gen  benj  99 

rebecca  99 

Bunten,  andrew  55 

C. 

Cabot,  hon  george  39 

Cadwrallader,  col  L.  87 

Gaboon,  gen  John  99 

CallenHer,  Joseph  4(3 

Cimpbell,  col  wm.  99 

Carnot  88 

Chauncey,  hon  charFes  46 

Church   rev  aaron  46 

Christian,  prof  edward  55 

Cotton,  rev  abishai  23 

Coombe,  vvilliam  87 

Cornelius,  dr  elias  72 

Cornwallis,  marquis  87 
Cummings,    rev    henry 

D.  D.  85 

Gushing,  rev  John  D.  D  4ti 
Cutlei,  rev  manassehD.D.79 

Currier,  John  esq  7 

Curtis,  samuel  esq  7 

Cutbush,  dr  james  103 
13- 


D. 

Dame,  sarah 
Dana,  rev  edmund 
Deaison,  bailey  esq 
Dewey,  dea  benoni 
Ducket,  sir  george 
Duncan,  lion  John 

E. 
Edmunds,  esther 
Elliston,roger  H.  esq 
Elliot,  samuel 
EppeB,  hon  John  W. 

F. 
Farmer,  capt  jaraes 
Fisher,  John  esq, 
Franklin,  wm  T- 
Frisbie,  prof  levi 
Foster,  major  david  C. 
Foster,  hon  dwight 

G. 

Gardner,  elizabelh 
George  gideon 
Gibson,  david  esq 
Granger,  hon  gideon 
Gray,  capt  james 
Greenwood,  nathaniel 
Griswold,  gen  S. 
Guion,  raaj  Isaac 

H. 

Hartley,  capt  george 
Hadlock,  abigail 
Haines,  rev  cotton 
Hall,  P.  muraford 
Haven,  henry 
Hawkins,  daniel  esq 
Haslett,  gov  Joseph 
Heckewelder,  rev  John 
Hendrick,  garret 
Henman,  mary 
Herbert,  lieut  richard 
Hitchcock,  rev  roger 
Holmes,  col  samuel 
Homans,  col  ben 
Homer,  william 
Hooker,  col  N. 
Hunt,  col  asahel 

honjona 
Hunter,  rev  andrew 
Hunewell,  R.  esq 
Hutton,  Charles  F.  R.  S 

I. 
IngersoU,  hon  jonn 


40 
23 
32 

16 

56 

8 

87 

103 
46 
79 
6 
91 
40 

99 
8 
87 
15 
8 
80 
79 
98 

98 
16 
47 
55 
87 
83 
99 
23 
56 


J. 


Jenner,  edward  F.  R,  5.  32 

.Jenkins,  John  99 

Jones,  hon  John  80 

col  michael  23 

lieut  tliomas  91 

K, 

Kendall,  lieut  temple  7,  8 

Kennard,  capt  N.  72 

Kennedy,  jtihn  72 

Kidder,  benjamin  esq  7 

lieut  job  100 

samuel  P  esq  7 

Kimball,  hannah  40 

I.. 

Lallemand,  baron  H.  87 

Lambert,  John  31 

[.iviiigston,  hon  B.  39 

Locke,  dea  John  32 

Lni''ng,  rev  lienry  L.  80 

Lowndes,  wm  LL,D.  15 

M. 

Mansfield,  capt  john  55 

Marshall,  cajit  wm  8 

Mason,  capt  russell  98 

Moans,  hon  robert  16 

Mecklieinier,  col  John  99 

Meigs,  col  return  J.  31 

Melendy,  lieut  peter  47 

Mellish,  John  esq  15 

Milne,  rev  dr  32 

Mclnstry,  rev  wm  87 
Moore,  rev  zeph  S  D.D.  72 

O. 

Olin,  hon  gideon  23 

Orr,  hon  John  15 
Osgood,  rev  david  D.  D.  G 

P. 

Parker,  hon  james  7 
SSlParsons,  rev  david  D.  D.  46 


Pearce,  varney  T9 

Pearson,  Joseph  esq  40 

Phillips,  hon  john  65 

miriain  46 

Pickman,  cath.irine  46 

Pinckney,  hon  wm  6 

Pius  Vli.  pope  91 

Poor,  dea  benjamin  47 

Prescott,  mary  40 

*Pulnam,  gen  rufus  87 
•Tlie  notice  of  the  death 
pfGen.   Putnam  was    pre- 
itf&ture.     He  io  still  living 


fndex. 


Pynchon,  Stephen  esq. 

R. 
Rand,  isaac  M.  D. 
Read,  lieut  thomas 
Reeve,  honT. 
Richards,  rev  james 
Ripley,  major  John 
Roberts,  abigail 
Roundy Joseph 
Ryan,  gen  james  W. 

Sampson,  rev  ezva 

Crocker,  esq. 
Scribner,  edward 
Sicard,  abbe 
Shprburne,  henry 
Shelden,  gen  daniel 
Smith,  Joseph 

capt  William 
manasseh,  esq. 


23 

Smith,  laughlin,  esq 

83 

Walton,  rcT  Joseph 

7 

Stark,  gen  John 

7 

Walker,  hon  timothy 

7 

6 

Stevens,  gen  eben 

87 

Welch,  samuel 

40 

100 

col  sainuel 

102 

Wesley  sarah 

32 

103 

Stone,  rev  eliab  C. 

Wiieeler,  rev.  hosea 

32 

Strickland,  rev  John 

98 

Whiting,  martin  esq 

80 

Swift,  hon  Z. 

91 

Wiggin,  Simeon  esq 

92 

47 

John,  esq 

99 

Willard,  rev  Joseph 

99 

55 

T. 

Williams,  rev  wm 

86 

16 

Ticknor,  col  elisha 

7 

Wingate,  hon  aaron 

7 

Tillotson,  J,  M.  esq. 

7 

Winsor  elizabpth 

91 

103 

Treadwell,  hon  John 

79 

Woodbury  james 

31 

80 

Trevett,  capt  John 

99 

capt  nath'l. 

72 

47 

Turner  (the  hermit) 

99 

Wood,  rev  abraham 

91 

31 

V. 

Woodman,  hon  Charles 

7 

40 
87 
40 

Van  Ness,  williara  W. 

W. 
Wadsvvorth,  george  esc 

31 

Wyllys,  gen  samuel 

80 

.  91  Yates,  gen  andrew 

7f 

32 

Wallace,  dr  isaac 

7 

47 

. 

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