A new locality for fossil fishes and eurypterids in the middle Devonian of Gaspé, Quebec

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_ CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE
~ ROYAL ONTARIO MUSEUM OF PALAEONTOLOGY

i No. 12; A NEW LOCALITY FOR FOSSIL FISHES AND EURYPTERIDS
IN THE MIDDLE DEVONIAN OF GASPE, QUEBEC.
By Loris S. RUSSELL

JULY, 1947

A NEW LOCALITY FOR FOSSIL FISHES AND EURYPTERIDS IN
THE MIDDLE DEVONIAN OF GASPE, QUEBEC

By Loris S. RussELy

Introduction. ; Localities for Devonian vertebrates of the Old Red Sandstone facies
are not common in North America. The majority occur in the Appalachian region of
eastern Canada. The most famous locality is that at Maguasha on Escuminac (Scau-
menac) bay, in the southwestern corner of the Gaspé peninsula (Alcock, 1935; Russell,
1939). The geological position here is Upper Devonian. A Middle Devonian occur-
rence, known for many years, is at the local base of the Gaspé sandstone just west of
Campbellton, New Brunswick (Alcock, 1935, p. 80). A single specimen of a Cephalaspis,
the type of C. dawsoni (Lankester, 1870), was obtained by Sir William Dawson at an
unspecified locality on the north side of Gaspé bay. Outside of the Gaspé region, frag-
ments of fossil fishes were collected by H. M. Ami from the Lower Devonian Knoydart
formation on McAras brook, north of Antigonish, Nova Scotia (Williams, 1914, p. 75).
In recent years the discovery of a rich Lower Devonian fauna on Beartooth Butte,
Wyoming (Bryant, 1932, 1933), has extended the range of the facies into the Rocky
Mountain region.

The present announcement concerns the discovery of a new locality for fish remains,
with eurypterids in association, in the Gaspé region. The site is on the north side of
Gaspé bay, but it is not considered to be the same as that from which Sir William Dawson
obtained his specimens. .

History of the discovery. So little information is usually available on the events
leading to the discovery of the earlier known localities that it is proposed to give a full
account in the present instance. During the field season of 1946 the Department of
Mines, Province of Quebec, engaged me to make a detailed stratigraphical study of the
Lower Devonian Gaspé limestone series as developed on the Forillon peninsula, at the
northeast corner of Gaspé bay. These rocks are almost exclusively of marine deposition,
and it was not anticipated that any interesting vertebrate remains would be discovered
during this work. However, our camp was established in tourist cabins just east of
D'Aiguillon post office, which is located on Highway 6 about 19.5 miles by road from the
town of Gaspé, and about 8 miles by road from Cap des Rosiers village. Just to the
west of D’Aiguillon is the promontory ef Gros Cap aux Os, and on either side of this the
sea cliffs expose good sections of the Gaspé sandstone. Although these rocks were not
within the field of my investigation, the possibility of obtaining vertebrate remains from
them led me to examine them whenever the main programme of work would permit.
On 11th July, while prospecting these clifis for fossil fishes I discovered a bone bed almost
directly in front of our camp. Preliminary work revealed the presence of Cephalaspis-
like remains, and I secured the permission of the Quebec Department of Mines for
Mr. G. E. Lindblad, of the Royal Ontario Museum of Palaeontology, to come to Gaspé
and supervise the excavation of a representative collection. In the meantime the
Quebec authorities sent Mr. René Bureau, of the Department of Geology, Laval Uni-
versity, to assist Mr. Lindblad, and the head of that department, L’abbe J. W. Laverdiére,
also joined us. When weather conditions prevented continuing the main field work,
help was also given by my assistant, Mr. André Larochelle, and myself. The first
eurypterid from this locality was found by Mr. Bureau. ek

The co-operation and assistance given by the Quebec Department of Mines is greatly
appreciated, It is planned to conduct further excavations at D’Aiguillon to secure as
large a collection of good material as possible. A representative suite will be deposited
in the collections of the Quebec Department of Mines, but all types will remain in the
Royal Ontario Museum of Palaeontology. Thanks are also due to Mr. H. Cassivi, of
D’Aiguillon, for permitting the excavation on his property. _

Geographical data. As noted above, the fossil locality is situated on the sea cliff a
short distance to the east of D’Aiguillon post office, which is in Cap des Rosiers township,
Gaspé county, Quebec. Figure 1 is an outline map of the beach at D’Aiguillon, showing
the position relative to the post ofhce, the old wharf, and Gros Cap aux Os. The site is
directly south of the Cap aux Os Hotel, operated by Mr. H. Cassivi, who is also the owner
of the property. It can be reached by following the right side of the small stream, which
crosses Highway 6 at this point, to the edge of the sea cliff, or by walking along the beach
east from the wharf until the small stream is seen cascading down the bedding planes ot
the rock. The bone bed is situated almost immediately to the west of this stream.

1

Geological dala. The D'Aiguillon bone bed lies well up in the Gaspé sandstone
series of Logan, and is part of what Kindle (1938, p. 29) called the Peninsula facies.
More recently McGerrigle (1946) has designated this portion of the series as the Battery
Point formation. The base of the Gaspé sandstone outcrops in a small stream bed on the
hillside north of D’Aiguillon. The elevation here is about 600 feet above sea level.
Average strike for the area between here and the beach is about north 300° east. Hori-
zontal distance across strike from bone bed to base of formation is about 4,500 feet.
Taking as the average dip an angle of 38°, we may calculate that the D’Aiguillon bone
bed lies about 2,300 feet above the base of the Gaspé sandstone series.

At D’Aiguillon the beds are dipping about 40° to the southwest, with a strike of
about north 314° east. As a result the cliff face almost coincides with the bedding
planes, but the individual strata trend in from the face westward at a slight angle. This
means that the removal of overburden from a particular bed becomes slowly but pro-
gressively more laborious as it is followed from its outermost limit.

The following columnar section measured across the cliff adjacent to and including
the bone bed serves to indicate the nature of the fossiliferous strata and of those immedi-
ately above and below. Most of the lithological types described can be duplicated many
times in the Battery Point formation.

SECTION OF BATTERY POINT BEDS (GASPE SANDSTONE SERIES) AT THE FOSSIL
LOCALITY NEAR THE EAST END OF D’AIGUILLON BEACH
Sandstone, coarse grained, finely conglomeratic in places, with grains of pink
calcite; thin bedded to massive, with much cross bedding; colour pa

grey- Sikes is’
Shale, non-calcareous, friable: colour maroon, ‘with thin beds of light green. 6.5 ft.
Shale, non-calcareous, finely friable; colour grey, greenish grey, and reddish

brown . . 13 sft.
Shale, non- calcareous, slightly arenaceous, platy, relatively hard, ‘ledge-

forming; colour greenish grey. , + 0.3 ft.
Shale, non-calcareous, finely friable, platy i in places: colour grey-brown and

grey-green . . ‘ 1.5 ft.
Shale, fissile, finely arenaceous, ledge- forming; “colour greenish grey to grey . 1.8 ft.
Shale, carbonaceous, finely fissile, colour dark grey; maximum . ‘ 0.1 ft.
Shale, finely friable, with irregular beds of harder, arenaceous shale; ‘colour

ranges from grey-green and grey to maroon . : 11.5 ft.
Shale, arenaceous, ledge-forming, platy; colour maroon, grey, and greenish

grey . 1.5 iG
Shale, arenaceous, friable above, becoming platy and ledge- forming ‘below:

colour grey-green 3.7 ft.
Shale, non-calcareous, finely friable; colour greenish grey tadiowes shading to

maroon-grey below . . 7.

Shale, non-calcareous, relatively hard, breaking into ‘angular fragments, with

conchoidal partings; harder, ledge- forming layer 0.7 ft. from top; colour

dark bluish grey, with rusty stains; fossils include small pelecypods,

eurypterids, and rare Cephalaspis; this member designated for con-

venience the eurypterid shale. . 3 ft.
Mudstone, hard, ledge-forming, with conchoidal jointing which results in a

series of parallel half-cylindrical masses, trending horizontally into cliff

along the bed; colour greenish grey with rusty stains; fossils include

abundant but vague impressions of aquatic plants, numerous fragments

of Cephalaspis and probably placoderms, and occasional fragments of

eurypterids; for convenience this member is designated the bone bed . + 0.6 ft.
Shale, friable, moderately hard, filling angular spaces between curved joint

planes of bone bed; colour greenish grey to grey . . 0.1-0.3 ft.
Mudstone, somewhat arenaceous, hard, ledge-forming; colour grey-brown

or maroon-grey . 0.8 ft.
Sandstone, hard, ledge- forming, ‘fine- grained, argillaceous, partly ‘shaly,

cross bedded, friable to massive; colour greenish grey, with ee stains . 4.7 1G;
Shale, friable; colour greenish grey . . 1.6 ft.
Sandstone, fine, hard, ledge-forming, massive, ‘cross bedded, platy i in places;

colour light grey, with faint reddish tinge in places . . . 3.5 ft.
Shale, somewhat arenaceous, coarsely friable; colour ees with greenish

and reddish stains | Dees Spine at, es ere esa Zeke {apt eens 1.5 ft
Shale. ete.

2

The photograph reproduced in figure 2 shows the fossil beds as seen from the beach,
and that of figure 3 shows the details of the eurypterid shale and the bone bed.

Notes on the fauna. It is hoped to complete two preliminary papers on the fossils
of the D’Aiguillon locality, one on the invertebrates, and a second on the vertebrates.
These descriptions will necessarily be preliminary because the additional collecting
planned for 1947 should provide further information on the known forms, and possibly
some specimens of organisms not presently represented. The following notes are
intended only to give a general picture of the assemblage, and the mode of preservation.

The plant remains consist of somewhat vague carbonaceous films of undulating

form. The better preserved examples show a stellate arrangement of the thalli, sug-
gesting material figured by Dawson (1871, pl. 6, fig. 70) as Annularia laxa. Whether
or not Dawson’s material was the same as that obtained at D’Aiguillon, the present
specimens are much more suggestive of a simple, aquatic, floating type of plant. These
plant remains are most abundant in the middle and lower portions of the bone-bed layer,
and do not occur in the overlying shale.
__ The most abundant invertebrate is a small pelecypod, with thin shell and elongate.
inequilateral valves. Variations in the shape are probably the result of distortion.
More work is required to identify this form, but it suggests a small-shelled species of
Modiomorpha. These little valves, averaging about 12 mm. in length, are most abundant
in the eurypterid shale just at its base, but also occur in the top of the bone bed. A small
gastropod, of generalized, viviparid-like form, was obtained from the bone bed.

The most striking invertebrate is the large eurypterid, which is best preserved in
the lower part of the eurypterid shale, but fragments of which do occur in the upper part
of the bone bed. Specimens showing the entire dorsal surface of the cephalothorax and
most of the abdomen have been found. The appendages are poorly represented, and
examples of the telson have not been observed. The very characteristic ornamentation
is a scale-like pattern, especially well shown on the tergites. These ‘‘scales’” are broadly
semicircular near the anterior margin of the segments, but become almost linear pos-
teriorly. This ornamentation, together with the marginal position of the eyes, and the
general shape of the body, indicate that a species of Pterygotus is represented. The size
is about that of P. buffaloensis Pohlman, and the complete body probably measured
about 700 mm. in length. Whiteaves (1881) recorded some fragments of a Pterygotus
from the Gaspé sandstone at Campbellton, N.B., and Clarke and Ruedemann (1912,
p. 356) made these the types of P. atlanticus, sp. nov. Assuming that this material is
adequate for the definition of the species, it is impossible at present to decide whether
or not the D’Aiguillon specimens pertain to P. atlanticus. The corresponding parts of
the animal are not represented in the two lots of material. The general similarity of
the provenience, however, suggests that the D’Aiguillon specimens should be referred to
Pierygotus ?atlanticus until the question can be settled from a more comprehensive
collection.

The determinable fish remains consist almost entirely of portions of the head shield
of Cephalaspis. These are mostly confined to the upper portion of the bone bed. In
places the material consists of abundant small fragments. Elsewhere the entire rim of
the shield may be preserved. In such cases the thinner, central part of the head has been
largely broken away, leaving the rim, with cornua, like an open horse-shoe. Fragments
of the medial surface, including the orbital region, also occur. Portions showing the
lateral or dorsal fields were not observed. In the lower part of the eurypterid shale an
occasional specimen may be found. Here the preservation is different; the entire dorsal
surface including rim may be present in undistorted condition. However, the bone tends
to cleave through the middle, and is much more difficult to separate from the matrix than
in the case of the bone bed material.

From various specimens representing both occurrences a composite picture of the
head shield may be developed. The size is relatively large, length from anterior margin
to cornua being 132 mm. in one example. There is no trace of a rostrum, the anterior
margin being well rounded. In outline the head shield is moderately narrow, having
about the proportions of the head in C. lyellt Ag. (Stensio, 1932, p. 118). The orbits are
situated close together, and well in advance of mid-length. From the orbital area the
surface slopes almost straight to the margin. The posteromedial margin is not preserved
in any of the specimens.

The DAiguillon specimens of Cephalaspis are not referable to any of the various
species previously described from the Gaspé and Bay of Chaleur localities (Robertson,
1936). C. dawsoni, also from the Gaspé sandstone on the north side of Gaspé bay, isa
small form, with broad, crescentic head shield. The type and only specimen of this

species is preserved in flattened form on laminated shale. From the Gaspé sandstone at
Campbellton, N.B., several species have been described (Robertson, 1936), but with one
exception these are distinctly rostrate. C. jexi, the non-rostrate species from here (not
Escuminac bay, as stated by Robertson), has stout, denticulate cornua. The two species
known from the Upper Devonian of Escuminac Bay (Maguasha) have broad head shields
with stout cornua. The only other North American species, C. wyomingensis Bryant
(1933, p. 312), has widely separated orbits. From these comparisons it is concluded that
the D’Aiguillon specimens must form the basis of a new species. Formal definition of
this species will be reserved for a later occasion.

The only other vertebrate remains observed in the D’Aiguillon collection are thin
plates of bone bearing an ornamentation of fine tubercles arranged in concentric rows’
These comparatively rare specimens represent a placoderm, possibly Philyctaenaspis, the
remains of which are abundant among the Campbellton material.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Atcock, F. J., 1935, ‘Geology of Chaleur Bay Region,’’ Canada, Dept. of Mines, Geol. Surv., Mem. 183,
146 pp., 15 figs., 16 pls., 1 map. :

BRYANT, W. L., 1932, ‘‘Lower Devonian fishes of Beartooth Butte, Wyoming,’’ Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc.,
vol. 71, pp. 225-254, figs. 1-6, pls. I-10.

BryYANT, W. L., 1933, ‘‘The fish fauna of Beartooth Butte, Wyoming,’ Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc., vol. 72,
pp. 285-314, figs. 1-8, pls. 1-21.

CLARKE, J. M., and RUEDEMANN, R., 1912, ‘‘The Eurypteridae of New York,’’ N.Y. State Mus., Mem. 14,
628 pp., 121 figs., 88 pls.

Dawson, J. W., 1871, ‘‘The fossil plants of the Devonian and Upper Silurian formations of Canada,”’
Geol. Surv. Canada, 92 pp., 4 figs., 20 pls.

KINDLE, E. M., 1938, ‘‘The correlation of certain Devonian faunas of eastern and western Gaspé,"’ Bull.
Amer, Paleont., vol. 24, no. 82, 52 pp., 2 pls.

as E. R., 1870, ‘‘On a new Cephalaspis discovered in America, etc.,’’ Geol. Mag., vol. 7, pp. 397-
398, figs. 1-3.

McGERRIGLE, H. W., 1946, ‘‘A revision of the Gaspé Devonian,’’ Trans. Roy. Soc. Canada, ser. 3, vol. 40,
sec. 4 (in press).

RoBERTSON, G. M., 1936, ‘‘New cephalaspids from Canada,’’ Amer, Jour. Sci., vol. 31, pp. 288-295, figs. 1-4.

RussELL, L. S., 1939, ‘‘Notes on the occurrence of fossil fishes in the Upper Devonian of Maguasha, Quebec,”’
Contrib. Roy. Ont. Mus. Palaeont., no. 2, 10 pp., 1 pl.

STENSIO, E. A., 1932, ‘‘The cephalaspids of Great Britain,’ Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), 220 pp., 70 figs., 66 pls.

WHITEAVES, J. F., 1883, ‘‘On some fossil fishes, Crustacea & Mollusca from the Devonian rocks at Campbell-
ton, N.B., with descriptions of five new species,’’ Cana@. Naturalist, n.s., vol. 10, pp, 93-101, 1 fig.

WIL.iaMs, M. Y., 1914, ‘‘Arisaig-Antigonish district, Nova Scotia,’’ Canada, Dept. Mines, Geol. Surv.,
Mem. 60, 173 pp., 2 maps.

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