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Scientific Papers

Natural History Museum
The University of Kansas

29 March 2005 Number 36:1-18

New Neotropical Species of the Genus Holotrochus
MCZ_ 7

(Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Osoriinae) LIBRARY
By WL 23°

ULRICH IRMLER

Oecologie-Zentrum, Universitat zu Kiel, Schauenburgerstrasse 112, D-24118 Kiel, Germany

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ABSTRACT Examination of collections of Holotrochus beetles (Staphylinidae: Osoriinae,) from the
Neotropics has revealed 17 new species. Nine are from South America and nine from Central America.
The species are: H. andersoni (Costa Rica: Puntarenas), H. arcuatus (Costa Rica: Heredia), H. ashei (Peru:
Madre de Dios), H. bolivianus (Bolivia: Cochabamba), H. brooksi (French Guyana: Cayenne), H. chilensis
(Chile: Osorno and Chiloe), H. chiriquensis (Panama: Chiriqui, and Costa Rica: Puntarenas), H. crassi-
cornis (Brazil: Minas Gerais), H. curtipennis (Ecuador: Azuay), H. decumanus (Honduras: Olancho, and
Costa Rica: Puntarenas), H. honduranus (Honduras: Santa Barbara), H. lescheni (Peru: Madre de Dios,
and Bolivia: Cochabamba), H. loreti (Peru: Loreto), H. minax (Venezuela: Aragua), H. panamae (Panama:
Chiriqui), H. rufomarginatus (Guatemala), and H. uncinatus (Mexico: Oaxaca). Keys are provided for
the identification of the Holotrochus neotropicus group and the H. brasiliensis group including maps of
distribution for the species of these groups.

Key words: Rove beetles; Staphylinidae; Osoriinae; Holotrochus; Neotropics

Ernst Mayr Liprary
Zoclogy

Museum of Comparative £0

Se aeeres tte ISSN No. 1094-0782
Harvard Universiy

Scientific Papers

Natural History Museum
The University of Kansas

29 March 2005 Number 36:1-18

New Neotropical Species of the Genus Holotrochus

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(Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Osoriinae) LIBRARY
By JUL ga

ULRICH IRMLER ve : .

Oecologie-Zentrum, Universitat zu Kiel, Schauenburgerstrasse 112, D-24118 Kiel, Germany

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Key words: Rove beetles; Staphylinidae; Osoriinae; Holotrochus; Neotropics

Ernst Mayr Library
Museum of Comparative Zoclegy

WETS ISSN No. 1094-0782
Harvard Universiy

SCIENTIFIC PAPERS, NATURAL History Museum, THE UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS

INTRODUCTION

In the intensive collections of Osoriinae from
the Neotropics of the Natural History Museum and
Biodiversity Research Center of the University of Kansas
are a considerable number of species of Holotrochus from
Central and South America. Within the collections of
Holotrochus, | found 15 new species. A small collection of
the British Museum Natural History with 30 specimens
of Holotrochus contained another three new species and
one being identical in both collections. The purpose of
this paper is to provide descriptions and illustrations of
these new species. These descriptions complement my
earlier studies of Holotrochus (Irmler, 1981, 1987, 2001). The
following descriptions of the new species are arranged

alphabetically by species names. Keys for the identification
of species and maps of distribution are provided for the H.
neotropicus and H. brasiliensis species groups. For the species
of the other groups no key is given, because they can hardly
be distinguished without studying the aedeagus.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Tam thankful to the following institutions and curators
who graciously provided material used in this study:
Natural History Museum and Biodiversity Research Center
of the University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, Dr. J. S.
Ashe (SEMC); British Museum Natural History, London,
Dr. M. Brendell (BMNH).

METHODS

All measurements were made using an ocular
micrometer. Total body length was determined by summing
the individual lengths of the tagmata. Measurements of the
tagmata were performed as follows: head length along the
midline between front margin and neck; width between
the eyes including eyes. Pronotal length along the midline;

width at the widest part. Elytral length from shoulder to
posterior angle; width in the middle.

Abbreviations for collections containing the specimens
used in this study are given in the acknowledgments. My
own collection is abbreviated UIC

TAXONOMY

Holotrochus andersoni new species
(Fig. 12a—d)

Holotype.—Costa Rica: Puntarenas: Osa Penninsula,
Fundacion Neotropical, 10 km W. Rincon, 20 m elevation,
8°42’30” N, 83°32’30” W, male, 22 June 1997, collected
by R. Anderson, from berlese forest litter, CR1A97 O26F
(SEMC)

Diagnosis.—The species is related to the species of
the Holotrochus simplex-group, which are characterized
by the margined anterior edge of the pronotum and the
laterally hairy abdomen. From the related species, H.
andersoni can be distinguished by its small size. The species
is smaller than H. hanagarthi. Punctuation of pronotum is
also very similar, but slightly finer and sparser. Without
analyzing the aedeagus no sure determination is possible.
In H. andersoni the three spirals of endophallus are close,
whereas the two spirals in H. hanagarthi are wider (Fig. 12
c). H. andersont is also similar to H. newtoni in pronotal and
elytral punctuation and microsculpture, but H. nezwtoni is
distinctly larger.

Description.—Length: 3.2 mm. Color: Piceous; posterior
angles of pronotum, elytral suture and abdominal tergites
red, partly light red; legs and antennae yellow. Head: 0.35
mm long, 0.5 mm wide; very finely and sparsely punctuate,
with distance between punctures on average 3 times wider
than diameters of punctures; punctures on clypeus distinctly
denser and larger, with distance between punctures on

average only as wide as diameters of punctures; surface
moderately shiny, with transverse micro-reticulation, while
surface of disc polished and shiny, without microsculpture.
Antennae: Antennomere 2 globular, 3 conical, not larger
than 2nd; Antennomeres 4 and 5 quadrate, the followings
wider than long; 9th antennomere 3 times wider than long
(Fig. 12b). Pronotum: 0.55 mm long, 0.7 mm wide; widest
in the anterior third, scarcely and straightly narrowed to
posterior edge (Fig. 12a), arcuately narrowed to anterior
angles; laterally distinctly margined, anterior edge very
finely margined except a moderately wide central part;
punctuation much denser and punctures larger than on
the head, with few scattered larger punctures; surface
polished and shiny, without microsculpture; depressions
at posterior angles very indistinct. Elytra: 0.6 mm long, 0.7
mm wide; with similar punctuation as on the pronotum,
but punctures slightly larger; surface less shiny than on the
pronotum, with coriaceous. ground sculpture. Abdomen:
With very fine punctuation; surface scarcely shiny, with
dense netlike micro-reticulation, a wide midline with
still sparser punctuation and without hairs; abdominal
tergites laterally with short yellow hairs, hairs shorter
than distances between punctures. Aedeagus: With short
paramera and central lobe; endophallus with close spirals,
wide at the base and small at the top (Fig. 12c).
Etymology.—The species name is dedicated to Dr.
Richard Anderson, who collected an incredible high

New NEotropicAL HOLOTROCHUS 3

number of Osoriinae during his studies of the Neotropical
litter fauna.

Holotrochus arcuatus new species
(Fig. 2a—d)

Holotype.—Costa Rica: Heredia: La Selva, 3.2 km SE
Puerto Viejo, 100 m elevation, 10° 26’ N, 84°01’ W, male, 17
February 1992, collected by W. Bell, from flight intercept
trap (SEMC)

Paratype.—Costa Rica: Heredia: La Selva, Biological
Station, 3 km SE Puerto Viejo, male, 10 April 1989, collected
by H.A. Hespenheide (UIC)

Diagnosis.—Holotrochus arcuatus is related to the
species of the H. rufopygus group. The species in this group
are characterized by the large size (>5 mm) and the sparsely
hairy abdomen. Within this species group the new species
is like H. plaumanni by the micropunctures of the pronotum
and the transverse microsculpture of the clypeus. A weak,
scarcely visible reticulation on the pronotum exists;
therefore, H. arcuatus can be confused with the species,
which have also a pronotal microsculpture, e.g. H. susannae.
Without analysis of the aedeagus no certain determination
is possible (Fig. 2c). The aedeagus is characterized by a
very broad and stout middle lobe and long paramera,
which are elevated in the distal half and pointed to the
middle lobe.

Description.—Length: 5.1 mm. Color: Black; femur and
tibia of legs piceous; tarsi red. Head: 0.6 mm long, 0.85 mm
wide; punctuation fine and sparse, with distance between
the punctures twice as long as the diameter of punctures;
clypeus with transversely reticulate dense microsculpture;
disc polished, without microsculpture; short supraocular
carina present with few short setae, labrum transverse,
3 times wider than long. Antennae: Thick, middle
antennomeres as wide as one eye; 3rd antennomere twice
as long as the short globular 2nd; Middle antennomeres
quadrate; Antennomeres 8 to 10.1.3 times as wide as long
(Fig. 2b). Pronotum: 0.9 mm long, 1.15 mm wide; widest
shortly behind the anterior angles; straightly narrowed to
posterior angles and arcuately narrowed to anterior angles
(Fig. 2a); lateral margin distinct, while anterior margin is
finer, central part of anterior edge and total posterior edge
not margined; punctuation as dense and fine as on the head,
punctuation of the midline in the anterior half scarcely
sparser than on the lateral pronotum, in the posterior half
smooth; shortly in front of posterior edge several larger
punctures forming a flat, transverse depression; between
the normal punctuation with sparse micro-punctuation;
surface nearly polished, with a very weak microsculpture,
which is scarcely visible; prosternum distinctly elevated
between coxae. Elytra: 0.1 mm long, 0.12 mm wide; surface
less shiny than the pronotum, with distinct coriaceous

ground sculpture; punctuation fine and sparse and among
this punctuation irregularly scattered larger punctures.
Abdomen: surface dull, with dense transversely reticulate
microsculpture; only with very fine and sparse micro-
punctuation; tergites dorsally without hairs, but laterally
and ventrally distinctly hairy, hairs yellow; 6th abdominal
sternite with a pear-shaped depression, the depression and
the adjacent area without hairs, adjacent to the anterior
part of the depression with short hairs, laterally to the
depression a granulate area; 7th abdominal tergite deeply
emarginate (Fig. 2d). Aedeagus: Paramera longer than the
central lobe and a characteristically formed endophallus
with a short basal part, a long arcuate middle part, and a
short spiral part at the top (Fig. 2c).

Etymology.—The species name is derived from the
Latin arcuatus meaning arched and refers to the arched
paramera of the aedeagus.

Holotrochus ashei new species
(Fig. 8a—c)

Holotype.—Peru: Madre de Dios: 15 km NE Puerto
Maldonado, 200 m elevation, 12°35’ S, 65°05’ W, male, 25
June 1989, collected by J. Ashe and R. Leschen, #338, from
palm flowers (SEMC)

Paratype. —Peru: Madre de Dios 1 female with same
data as holotype (SEMC)

Diagnosis.—The species belongs to the Holotrochus
minor group by its small size, the anteriorly margined
pronotum and the hairless abdomen. Within the H. minor
group, H. ashei is most similar to H. hyleae Irmler, 1987, by
the short 3rd antennomere and the scarcely shiny abdomen.
It can be distinguished by the club-form antennae from the
related species of that group (Fig. 8b).

Description.—Length: 2.6 mm. Color: Piceous; legs
and antennae yellow; posterior edge of pronotum and
abdominal tergites red. Head: 0.3 mm long, 0.4 mm wide;
with distinct punctuation and a fine micropunctuation
between the larger punctures, distance between punctures
as wide or slightly wider than diameter of punctures;
surface of clypeus dull, with dense and distinct transversely
reticulate microsculpture; surface of disc polished, without
microsculpture; eyes as long as temples and a supraocular
carina with few short setae; temples with longitudinally
reticulate microsculpture. Antennae: Short and stout, 2nd
antennomere globular, 3rd conical as long as 2nd, 4th
quadrate, the following wider than long; Antennomeres
7th-10th forming an indistinct club, 8th-10th 3 times
wider than long (Fig. 8b). Pronotum: 0.45 mm long, 0.55
mm wide; widest near the middle, arcuately narrowed to
anterior and posterior angles, slightly more narrowed to
posterior angles than to anterior angles (Fig. 8 a); lateral
margin distinct, while anterior edge finely margined;

SCIENTIFIC PAPERS, NATURAL History Museum, THE UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS

“
|
; 2a
3a

Figs. 1-3. 1. Holotrochus crassicornis, 2. H. arcuatus, 3. H. decumanus (a: front body, b: antenna, c: aedeagus in lateral
view [left] and ventral view [right], d: last abdominal sternite of male; scale bars for a= 1 mm, for b-d = 0.1 mm).

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New NEeotropicaAL HOLOTROCHUS

Figs. 4-6. 4. Holotrochus uncinatus, 5. H. honduranus, 6. Holotrochus minax (a: front body, b: antenna, c: aedeagus in
lateral view, d: last abdominal sternite of male; scale bars for a= 1 mm, for b-d = 0.1 mm).

ScIENTIFIC PAPERS, NATURAL History Museum, THE UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS

Figs. 7-10. 7. Holotrochus brooksi, 8. H. ashei, 9. H. lescheni, 10. H. loretoi (a: front body, b: antenna, c: aedeagus in
lateral view; scale bars for a= 1 mm, for b-d = 0.1 mm).

New NEotropicAL HOLOTROCHUS

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Figs. 11-14. 11. Holotrochus rufomarginatus, 12. H. andersoni, 13. H. panamae, 14. H. bolivianus (a: front body, b: antenna, c: aedeagus
in lateral view; scale bars for a= 1 mm, for b-c = 0.1 mm).

SCIENTIFIC PAPERS, NATURAL History Museum, THE UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS

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17d 17c

Figs. 15-17. 15. Holotrochus chilensis, Fig. 16. H. curtipennis, Fig. 17. H. chiriquiensis (a: front body, b: antenna, c: aedeagus in lateral view, d: head
in lateral view, e: middle tibia; scale bars for a= 1 mm, for b-e = 0.1 mm).

New NeEotropicAL HOLOTROCHUS 9

punctuation as dense and deep as on the head, without
smooth midline, surface shiny, with sparse longitudinal
microsculpture between the punctures; posterior angles
without depression. Elytra: 0.55 mm long, 0.6 mm wide;
surface less shiny than pronotum, with irregular coriaceous
ground sculpture; the fine and sparse punctuation
scarcely visible. Abdomen: Surface shiny, with weak netlike
microsculpture; punctures very fine and sparse, much finer
and sparser than on the pronotum; without hairs dorsally
and ventrally, 7th tergite obtuse at top. Aedeagus: With very
long paramera that are longer than the acute central lobe;
endophallus with a long straight basal part and widely
diverged spirals at the top (Fig. 8c).

Etymology.—The species is dedicated to Prof. James
S. Ashe, who collected it together with Dr. Richard
Leschen.

Holotrochus bolivianus new species
(Fig. 14a—c)
Holotype.—Bo.ivia: Cochabamba: Cochambamba,
82 km E. Yungas (Cochabamba-Villa Tunari), 2100 m
elevation, 17°11'50” S, 65°53’42” W, male, 6 February 1999,
collected by R. Anderson, BOL 1A 99 026, from lower forest
litter (GEMC).

Paratypes.—Bo.ivia: Cochabamba: 28 specimens with
same data as holotype (SEMC, UIC); Cochabamba: 117
km E. Yungas, Lagunitas, 1000 m elevation, 17°12’13” S,
65°40'57” W, 2 specimens, 1 February 1998, collected by
R. Anderson (SEMC); Cochabamba: 80 km E, Yungas, Villa
Tunari road, near Rio Vinto, 65°51'27” W, 17°12'13” S, from
mixed alder litter, 8 specimens, 3 February 1998, collected
by R. Anderson (SEMC, UIC).

Diagnosis.—This species belongs to the Holotrochus
brasiliensis group by the short elytra and the hairy abdomen.
It seems to be most closely related to H. centralensis by the
structure of the aedeagus and can be distinguished by
the denser punctuation and the weak isodiametrically
reticulate microsculpture of the pronotum. Furthermore,
the sides of the pronotum of H. centralensis are slightly
narrowed to the posterior edge, whereas they are parallel
in H. bolivianus (Fig. 14a). Compared to H. columbiensis
and H. panamae, the pronotum is longer, nearly quadrate
in H. bolivianus, whereas it is 1.3-1.4 times wider than long
in H. panamae and H. columbiensis. The punctuation in H.
panamae is deeper and in H. centralensis weaker and sparser
than in H. bolivianus.

Description.—Length: 3.6 mm. Color: Piceous; posterior
edge of pronotum and posterior edge of abdominal
tergites reddish; antennae and legs yellow. Head: 0.35
mm long, 0.55 mm wide; weakly and sparsely punctuate,
punctuation denser on clypeus than on disc, on the disc
distance between punctures at least four times wider

than diameter of punctures; surface nearly polished, with
distinct roundly reticulate microsculpture on clypeus
and a much weaker, scarcely visible microsculpture on
the disc; eyes short; temples four times longer than eyes,
with dense micro-reticulation. Antennae: 3rd antennomere
scarcely longer than 2nd; Antennomere 4 to 6 quadrate;
Antennomeres 7 to 10 slightly wider than long (Fig. 14b).
Pronotum: 0.7 mm long, 0.85 mm wide; sides from anterior
third to posterior angles nearly parallel, smallest at anterior
edge; punctuation denser than on the head, distance
between punctures only two times wider than diameter of
punctures, with sparse micro-punctuation; surface nearly
polished, with weak roundly reticulate microsculpture;
depressions at posterior angles flat and short. Elytra: 0.45
mm long, 0.85 mm wide; coriaceously punctuate and with
coriaceous ground sculpture, surface dull. Abdomen: With
fine and sparse punctuation and distinct, netlike reticulate
microsculpture; sternites and tergites totally covered by
short yellow hairs. Aedeagus: With short paramera that
are much shorter than the central lobe; endophallus with
a short straight basal part continuing into two spirals (Fig.
14c).

Etymology.—The species name refers to the country
of Bolivia.

Remarks.—Remarks on the geographical distribution
(Fig. 18) and a key to the species of the Holotrochus
brasiliensis group are provided after the description of H.
panamae.

Holotrochus brooksi new species
(Fig. 7a—c)

Holotype.—FreNcH GuyANa: Cayenne: 39.4 km SSE
Roura, 270 m elevation, 4°32’43” N, 52°8’26” W, male, 10
June 1997, collected by J. S. Ashe and R. Brooks, FG1AB97
174, from tree fall litter (GEMC).

Diagnosis.—The species belongs to the Holotrochus
rufopygus group, which is characterized by the large size of
at least 5mm length and the sparsely hairy lateral abdomen.
The microsculpture of the pronotum is found also in H.
susannae and H. decumanus (see description) in the same
species group. Holotrochus brooksi is distinctly larger than
H. susannae, but of the same size as H. decumanus. Pronotal
punctuation is also similar in both species, but pronotal
microsculpture is distinctly denser in H. decumanus than in
H. brooksi. Abdomen is more densely hairy in H. decumanus,
in particular the last abdominal sternites. The structure of
the abdominal depressions is similar, but the depression of
the 6th abdominal sternite is much deeper in H. decumanus
than in H. brooksi (Fig 7d and 3d).

Description.—Length: 6.1 mm. Color: Black; antennae
and legs piceous. Head: 0.8 mm long, 1.05 wide; finely and
sparsely punctuate, distance between punctures nearly

10 SCIENTIFIC PAPERS, NATURAL History Museum, THE UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS

3 times wider than diameters of punctures, four larger
punctures on a line between the posterior edge of eyes;
surface shiny, with very weak, transversely or netlike
reticulate microsculpture; clypeus with denser and more
distinct microsculpture than on the disc, therefore surface
less shiny. Antennae: With short globular 2nd antennomere;
antennomere 3 at least twice as long as 2nd; the following
two ones more or less quadrate; antennomeres 6-10
distinctly wider than long (Fig. 7b). Pronotum: 1.3 mm long,
1.5mm wide; as finely and sparsely punctuate as the head;
surface less shiny than head, with a more distinct, but still
weak, netlike microsculpture; widest in the anterior half,
smoothly narrowed to the anterior angles and scarcely
but straightly narrowed to posterior angles (Fig. 7a);
depressions at posterior angles indistinct, with denser and
larger punctures than on the disc. Elytra: 1.4 mm long, 1.6
mm wide; punctures distinctly denser and larger than on
the pronotum, with three still larger and more impressed
punctures adjacent to the suture in an arched longitudinal
line; surface as shiny as pronotum, but with more or less
coriaceous ground sculpture. Abdomen: With distinct
punctuation, punctures larger than on pronotum, but
slightly finer than on elytra, distance between punctures as
wide or slightly wider than diameters of punctures; surface
as shiny as on pronotum, with netlike or transversely
reticulate microsculpture, tergites centrally hairless,
laterally with very few and very short yellow hairs; 5th and
6th abdominal sternites with dense and coarse punctures,
6th abdominal sternite nearly coriaceously punctuate; 5th
abdominal sternite with smooth, hemispherical depression;
6th abdominal sternite with smooth, flat depression with
scattered granulation in the outer part and adjacent parts
of the sternite, surface of depression more or less dull, with
dense, round micro-reticulation (Fig. 7d). Aedeagus: With
long and straight central lobe; paramera also straight, but
shorter than central lobe; endophallus with a wide basal
spiral and numerous distal ones (Fig. 7c).

Etymology.—The species is dedicated to Richard
Brooks, who collected this species together with Prof. Ashe
on his excursion to French Guyana.

Holotrochus chilensis new species
(Fig. 15a—c)

Holotype.—CHuiLe: Osorno: 48.5 km W. Osorno, 40°37’
S, 73°45’ W, 75 m elevation, 28 November 1994, one male,
collected by R. Leschen and C. Carlton, #181, from sifting
leaf litter (GEMC)

Paratypes.—CHILE: Osorno: 4 males, 1 female, with
same data as holotype (SEMC, UIC); 58.5 km W Osorno,
40°33’ S, 72°44’ W, 1 male, 12 November 1994, collected
by R. Leschen and C. Carlton, #180, from sifting leaf litter
(SEMC); Osorno: 14.5 km W, Puaucho, 40°37’ S, 73°45’ W,

1 female, 12 November 1994, collected by R. Leschen and
C. Carlton, #181, from sifting leaf litter (GEMC); Chiloe: 33
km SW Chonchi, Lago Tepuhuaco, 25 m elevation, 42°49’
S, 73°55’ W, 1 female, 26 November 1994, collected by
R. Leschen and C. Carlton, #160, from sifting leaf litter
(SEMC); Chiloe: Chepu, 42° S, 150 ft, mixed forest, 13
females, 9 males, presented by Royal Society B.M. 1974-654,
collected by Fr. Kuschel, 2 October 1958 (3 individuals), 9
October 1958 (5), 10 October 1958, (1), 14 October 1958 (1),
HC18 T143, 120 ft. (2), HC16 (1), HC8, T73 (1), HC14 T106
(2), HC15 T120 (7) (BMNH).

Diagnosis.—The species belongs to the Holotrochus
neotropicus group. The species in this group are characterized
by small eyes and short elytra. Holotrochus chilensis is
distinctly different from the other two species of the group
by the extremely small eyes and short elytra (Fig. 15a)
and the very sparse and fine punctuation of head and
pronotum.

Description.—Length: 2.8 mm. Color: Reddish; base
of abdominal tergites darker piceous; antennae and legs
yellow; scutellum black. Head: 0.30 mm long, 0.45 mm
wide; with very sparse and fine punctuation, several larger
punctures with setae along the apical and lateral edge and
on the disc; surface shiny, with ground sculpture very
fine, transversely reticulate on the forehead and netlike
reticulate on posterior head; temples with distinct netlike
reticulation; eyes very small with only one or two omatidia,
which are not visible in dorsal view (Fig. 15d). Antennae:
2nd antennomere oblong, scarcely shorter than the 3rd
conical antennomere; the following antennomeres globular
and quadrate; Antennomere 8 to 10 slightly wider than long
(Fig. 15b). Pronotum: 0.5 mm long, 0.6 mm wide; widest
shortly behind the anterior angles (Fig. 15a); with small
lateral margin, whereas anterior and posterior edge are not
margined; punctuation as sparse and fine as on the head;
along anterior edge with few larger punctures, in which
setae are inserted and in the apical third of the disc with
two larger punctures with setae; surface shiny, with ground
sculpture very fine, netlike reticulate. Elytra: 0.35 mm long,
0.6 mm wide; sides parallel (Fig. 15a), punctuation still
sparser and finer than on the pronotum, surface shiny,
with fine, coriaceous ground sculpture. Abdomen: Surface
shiny, with wide netlike reticulation on tergites. Legs: Front
and middle tibiae wider than’hind tibiae, with few spines
at outer edge; in particular middle tibia distinctly wide at
posterior third, with about 6 spines at outer edge; hind tibia
with a comb of setae at posterior half of inner edge (Fig.
15e). Aedeagus: With acute central lobe and long arcuate
paramera that are scarcely longer than the central lobe;
endophallus with labyrinthine spirals (Fig. 15c).

Etymology.—The species name refers to the country
of Chile.

New NeotropicAL HOLOTROCHUS II

Remarks.—Remarks on the geographical distribution
(Fig. 18) and a key to the species of the Holotrochus
neotropicus group are provided after the description of H.
chiriquensis.

Holotrochus chiriquiensis new species
(Fig. 17a—d)

Holoytpe.—Panama: Chiriqui: 27.7 km W Volcan,
Hartmann’s Finca, 1450 m elevation, 8°51'48” N, 82°44’36”
W, 14 June 1995, male, collected by R. Anderson, PAN2A95
24A, from berlese forest litter (GEMC).

Paratypes.—Panama: Chiriqui: 1 male and 2 females
with same data as holotype (SEMC, UIC); Costa Rica:
Puntarenas: San Vito Estacion Biologica Las Alturas, 2 km
NE Alturas, 1720 m elevation, 8°58’26” N, 82°50’4” W, 3
specimens, 21 June 1998, collected by R. Anderson, CR1A98
106, from berlese leaf litter (GEMC, UIC); Puntarenas:
Las Cruces, Biological Station, San Vito, 4 km S, 1110 m
elevation, 8°47'3” N, 82°57’36” W, 3 specimens, 18 June
1998, collected by. R. Anderson, CR1A98 103, from Berlese
leaf litter (GEMC, UIC).

Diagnosis.—Within the Holotrochus neotropicus
group, this species most closely resembles H. neotropicus
in the number of omatidia and the punctuation of head
and pronotum. Punctuation of elytra less dense than
in H. neotropicus. Holotrochus chiriquiensis can be easily
distinguished from H. neotropicus by the structure of the
pronotum, which is slightly emarginate in front of posterior
angles (Fig. 17a), whereas posterior angles are arcuate in
H. neotropicus.

Description.—Length: 2.3 mm. Color: Red; antennae
and legs yellow. Head: 0.3 mm long, 0.45 mm wide;
punctuation of head distinct, distance between punctures
varying between as wide to twice as wide as diameter of
punctures; surface polished, without microsculpture; eyes
small with 12 omatidia, which are not visible in dorsal view;
supraocular carina very small (Fig. 17d); temples more
than twice as long as eyes, with longitudinally reticulate
microsculpture. Antennae: 2nd antennomere globular, 3rd
conical scarcely longer than 2nd, 4th — 6th quadrate; Last
5 antennomeres forming an indistinct club; 9th and 10th
antennomere 3 times wider than long (Fig. 17b). Pronotum:
0.45 mm long, 0.55 mm wide; widest behind the middle,
straightly narrowed to anterior edge, slightly emarginate
posteriorly, near posterior edge nearly parallel (Fig. 17a);
punctuation with large punctures and between these with
fine micro-punctures, distance between the large punctures
shorter than the diameter of punctures; without smooth
midline; lateral margin distinct, anterior margin finer, with
central part of anterior edge not margined; depressions
at posterior angles very indistinct. Elytra: 0.4 mm long,

0.55 mm wide; smaller at shoulders than at posterior
edge; with coriaceous ground sculpture; punctuation
as on the pronotum, but partly coriaceous and forming
irregular rows of punctures; sides distinctly margined
with denticulate shoulders. Abdomen: Punctuation as
deep, but much sparser than on the pronotum; surface
polished, with only very sparse microsculpture, at most
part without microsculpture. Aedeagus: With acute central
lobe and long paramera that are longer than the central
lobe; endophallus with a very long straight basal part and
a short part withshort and close spirals (Fig. 17c).

Etymology.—The name refers to the province of
Chiriqui in Panama, where the holotype was found.

Remarks.—Three species of the Holotrochus neotropicus
group are distributed along the Andean—Central American
mountain ranges, with H. chiriquiensis the northernmost
species and H. chilensis the southernmost species (Fig.
18). Holotrochus chilensis is the southernmost species of the
genus in South America. The Holotrochus brasiliensis group
has a similar distribution; one species in the H. neotropicus
group, e.g., H. sigridae, occurs in the mountains in southern
Brazil. The species can be differentiated in the following
key. The overall characters of the group are small eyes,
which are covered by a supraocular carina and cannot
be seen in dorsal view, hairless abdomen, and the four
recorded species are of small size.

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE HOLOTROCHUS NEOTROPICUS GROUP

1. Eyes very small, with only one or two omatidia (Fig.
15d), pronotum with weak isodiametrically reticulate
microsculpture, antennae long, antennomeres longer
than wide or quadrate (Fig: 115b)):22.-ccs:s.c.scsrscsccesessrsess=
Bie Soctigs sah cttose vaoas. Seater no H. chilensis new species

Eyes slightly larger, with more than two omatidia,
pronotum polished, shiny, antennae shorter, at least
antennomeres 8 to 10 distinctly wider than long, forming
alliinglis tim Cech esses sees resscecen.cosvarseeesneeseeeaeceret connects 2.

. Eyes with 50 omatidia, abdomen dull and nearly without
PUMNICCUTIES .........ceccercesceeecenccecceecerccenteerecatoorececsarsonsteesonsevesoneae
BO A Penarth sone Meee tae caeat H. sigridae Irmer, 1981
Eyes smaller, with less than 20 omatidia, abdomen
SELTUY rea sate, decree dapeee er rates ere eae eee ete eet eee oeereenen 3

3. Sides of pronotum evenly arched, not emarginate in
front of posterior angles, endophallus of aedeagus with
short straight Dasall parts2.-...2.-2.s.s.cescasussesessteerseneeeeneenee

Sides of pronotum slightly emarginate in front of
posterior angles (Fig. 17a), endophallus of aedeagus
with long straight basal part (Fig. 17C)........::csessseeees
FERRED Po rbr pent hiia: boro coc opneobaqsce H. chiriquiensis new species.

H. brasiliensis group
bolivianus
brasiliensis
centralensis
columbinensts
curtipennis we ? 500

panamae

1000 km

2 SCIENTIFIC PAPERS, NATURAL History Museum, THE UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS

| H. neotropicus group
@ chilensis

chriquensis

®
& neotropicus
+

Fig. 18. Distributions of the Holotrochus brasiliensis and Holotrochus neotropicus group.

Holotrochus crassicornis new species
(Fig. 1la—d)
Holotype.—Brazit: Minas Gerais: Sao Paulo, June
1914, male, collected by J. Mraz, B.M. 1955-147 (ex. Col.
Cameron) (BMNH).

Diagnosis. —Holotrochus crassicornis belongs to the
Holotrochus durus group because of the hairless abdomen
and the anteriorly margined pronotum. It seems to be most
closely related to H. convexus. The depression of the 6th
abdominal sternite has a longitudinal feature (Fig. 1d), the
paramera of the aedeagus are nearly as long as the middle
lobe in H. crassicornis (Fig. 1c), whereas the depression is
round and the paramera are distinctly shorter than middle
lobe in H. convexus.

Description.—Length: 6.7 mm. Color: Black; posterior
edge of pronotum reddish; antennae and legs brown.
Head: 0.65 mm long, 1.1 mm wide; finely and sparsely
punctuate, distance between punctures twice as wide as
diameter of punctures; surface dull, with microsculpture
on the clypeus transversely reticulate and on the disc
isodiametrically reticulate. Antennae: 2nd antennomere
globular, 3rd triangular, nearly twice as long as 2nd, 4th
and 5th antennomere more or less quadrate, the followings
wider than long; Antennomeres 8 to 10 twice as wide as
long, with long yellow setae, which are as long as the
length of one antennomere or longer (Fig. 1b). Pronotum:
1.2 mm long, 1.5 mm wide; sides widest in the anterior
third, arcuately narrowed to the front angles, straightly
narrowed to the posterior angles (Fig. 1 a); sides deeply

margined, whereas anterior edge is finely margined in
the outer part; punctuation as dense and deep as on the
head; surface dull, with microsculpture densely and
isodiametrically reticulate; depressions at posterior angles
indistinct. Elytra: 1.6 mm long, 1.6 mm wide; weakly
punctuate, but punctuation slightly deeper and denser than
on the pronotum; surface more shiny than the pronotum,
with ground sculpture coriaceous; scutellum with one
deep puncture on each side of the middle. Abdomen: With
punctuation and microsculpture as on the pronotum, but
microsculpture less deep and therefore more shiny; 5th
abdominal sternite with round depression at posterior
edge, with four grains at each side of the depression and
several scattered yellow hairs; 6th abdominal sternite with
a longitudinal depression, laterally with several grains
and scattered yellow hairs, depression only laterally and
posteriorly with few grains, posterior edge of sternite
obtusely prominent (Fig. 1d); 7th abdominal tergite shortly
bifurcate. Aedeagus: With long central lobe and long
paramera that are slightly shorter than central lobe; top
of central lobe with a short hook-like structure; the short
endophallus with diverged spirals (Fig. 1c).

Etymology.—The specific epithet is a combination
meaning thick antennae and derived from the Latin words
crassus (= thick) and cornu (=antenna).

Holotrochus curtipennis new species
(Fig. 16a—c)
Holotype.—Ecuapor: Azuay: 25 km NE Cuenca, Cajas
Rec. Area, 3700 m elevation, male, 7 January 1992, collected

New NeEotropicAL HOLOTROCHUS 13

by C. Carlton and R. Leschen, from Polylepis fungi, berlese,
# 126 (SEMC).

Paratypes.—Ecuapbor: Azuay: 3 females with same
data as for the holotype (SEMC, UIC); Pr. 15 km NNE
Cuenca, Mazan forest, 3200 m elevation, 1 female, 16 April
1990, collected by C. Carlton and R Ardarve, 7-010001-1,
from berlesate Podocarpus litter (GSEMC).

Diagnosis.—By the short elytra and the number of
omatidia (Fig. 16a and 16d), the species is related to the
species of the Holotrochus brasiliensis group. However, the
abdomen is hairless. It resembles H. columbiensis in size,
but differs in the hairless abdomen and in the distinct
microsculpture of the pronotum.

Description.—Length: 4.5 mm. Color: Red; anterior
and posterior edge of pronotum; elytra and posterior
edge of abdominal tergites light red; legs and antennae
yellow. Head: 0.6 mm long, 0.75 mm wide; very finely and
sparsely punctuate, distance between punctures much
wider than diameter of punctures; surface sparsely shiny,
microsculpture distinct with roundly or isodiametrically
netlike reticulation; eyes very small (Fig. 16d), laterally
scarcely prominent and therefore nearly invisible in dorsal
view. Antennae: 2nd antennomere oblong, slightly longer
than wide, 3rd antennomere conical, longer than wide;
following antennomeres transverse, twice as wide as
long; Antennomeres at apical edge with long setae (Fig.
16b). Pronotum: 0.9 mm long, 1.1 mm wide; widest near
the anterior edge, straightly and scarcely narrowed to the
posterior angles, nearly parallel (Fig. 16a); anterior edge
margined; punctuation as sparse and weak as on head,
distance between punctures at least three times as wide as
diameter of punctures; surface scarcely shiny, with distinct
isodiametrically netlike microsculpture. Elytra: 0.7 mm
long, 1.1 mm wide; punctuation deeper than on pronotum,
but still sparse and fine, scarcely visible in the coriaceous
ground sculpture on the disc, surface uneven with a
moderately wide stripe along the lateral edge smooth
and shiny, within this stripe a row of five fine punctures.
Abdomen: With similar punctuation and microsculpture as
on pronotum, hairless, but with few short setae. Aedeagus:
With undulate very long posterior part of central lobe that
ends into a hook-like structure; paramera also long ending
in a short plate-like structure; endophallus thin with long
diverging spirals (Fig. 16c).

Etymology.—The specific name derived from the Latin
words curtus meaning short and penna meaning wing and
refers to the short elytra of the species.

Remarks.—Remarks on the geographical distribution
(Fig. 18) and a key to the species of the Holotrochus
brasiliensis group are provided after the description of H.
panamae.

Holotrochus decumanus new species
(Fig. 3a-d)

Holotype.—Honpuras: Olancho: Olan de La Muralla,
14 km N. La Union, 15°06’ N, 86°42’ W, 1450 m elevation,
male, 25 June 1994, collected by J. Ashe and R. Brooks, #
204, under bark (SEMC).

Paratypes.—Costa Rica: Puntarenas, Penas Blancas
Valley, 850 m elevation, 1 female, 18 May 1989, collected
by J. Ashe, R. Brooks, R. Leschen, from litter along stream
(SEMC); Panama: Bocas de Toro: 2 km W of Fortuna, Hwy.
continental divide, 1000m elevation, 2 males, 1 female, 20
June 1995, collected by A. Gillogly (GSEMC, UIC); Chiriqut:
La Reserva Fortuna, 3 km W. Fortuna, Hwy. on continental
divide trail, 08°46’ N, 82°12’ W, 1 female, 8 August 1995,
collected by A. Gillogly (SEMC).

Diagnosis.—The species belongs to the Holotrochus
rufopygus group because of the hairy sternites of the
abdomen. Within this group, H. decumanus is conspicuous
by its large size, the distinct microsculpture of the
pronotum, and the very fine and sparse punctuation. The
species can be confused with species of the H. durus group
by the large size, but at least the last abdominal sternites are
hairy in H. decumanus, whereas the species of the H. durus
group are totally hairless. Within the H. rufopygus group
H. rufopygus is only slightly shorter than H. decumanus, but
its pronotum is without microsculpture and with coarser
punctuation.

Description.—Length: 6.5 mm. Color: Legs red; antennae
piceous. Head: 0.8 mm long, 1.0 mm wide; punctuation fine
and sparse, distance between punctures twice as long as
diameter of punctures; surface scarcely shiny, with distinct
roundly reticulate microsculpture, which is denser on the
clypeus than on the disc; with few short setae in a short
supraocular carina. Antennae: Very short and stout, scarcely
longer than head; 2nd antennomere globular, half as long
as 3rd; following 3 antennomeres scarcely wider than long;
Antennomeres 7 to 10 distinctly wider than long, each
with two rows of long setae and a chaplet of short hairs
(Fig. 3b). Pronotum: 1.25 mm long, 1.4 mm wide; widest
shortly behind the anterior angles, arcuately narrowed to
the anterior angles and only scarcely narrowed to posterior
angles, nearly parallel (Fig. 3a); slightly emarginate in
the middle and at that part an indistinct depression;
punctuation fine and sparse, still finer and sparser than
on head, scarcely visible in the distinct roundly reticulate
microsculpture; surface nearly dull; at posterior angles an
indistinct depression with few larger punctures. Elytra:
1.5 mm long, 1.55 mm wide; punctuation very fine and
sparse, scarcely visible within the coriaceous ground
sculpture; surface at shoulders and a wide part parallel
to the lateral margin polished, without punctuation and

14 SCIENTIFIC PAPERS, NATURAL History Museum, THE UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS

microsculpture. Abdomen: surface shiny, with roundly
reticulate microsculpture; punctuation fine and sparse,
but more distinct than on the pronotum; tergites hairless,
laterally and ventrally with short yellow hairs; 5th and 6th
sternite with long yellow hairs; 6th sternite with an oblong,
deep, and smooth depression, which has laterally very
few short hairs (Fig. 3d); 5th sternite posteriorly with an
indistinct round depression, which is also less hairy than
the lateral part of the sternite. Aedeagus: With an evenly
arcuate central lobe; in ventral view the prominent inner
parts forming a roof-like feature; endophallus short with
two long spirals (Fig. 3c).

Etymology. —The specific name derived from the Latin
word decumanus, which means very large.

Holotrochus honduranus new species
(Fig. 5a—c)
Holotype.—Honpuras: Santa Barbara: La Fe, Finca la
Roca, 5.3 km S. Pena Blanca, 14°57’ N, 88°02’ W, 740 m
elevation, male, 19 June 1994, collected by R. Anderson,
126B, from montane evergreen litter (SEMC).

Paratypes.—Honpuras: Santa Barbara: 4 males, 8
females with same data as the holotype (SEMC, UIC).

Diagnosis.—Holotrochus honduranus is related to the
species in the H. simplex group, which are characterized
by the anteriorly margined pronotum, the laterally hairy
abdomen and mostly by a size smaller than 5 mm. Within
the H. simplex group, the species resembles H. nezwtoni.
Without analysis of the aedeagus, it can be scarcely
distinguished from the related species, H. newtoni, H.
latinotus, and H. vianai. The endophallus in H. honduranus
is long and slender and without spines (Fig. 5c). In H. vianai
and H. latinotus, the endophallus is short with wide spirals,
whereas in H. newtoni spines are additionally present.

Description.—Length: 4.1 mm. Color: Piceous; posterior
edge of pronotum and abdominal tergites red; legs and
antennae red. Head: 0.5 mm long, 0.75 mm wide; surface
polished, without a trace of ground sculpture; distinctly, but
very sparsely punctuate, clypeus with denser punctuation
than disc, two large punctures on a line between posterior
edge of eyes; eyes slightly shorter than temples. Antennae:
2nd antennomere globular, 3rd conical, longer than 2nd;
Antennomeres 4 to 6 quadrate, the following slightly wider
than long (Fig. 5b). Pronotum: 0.8 mm long, 1.0 mm wide;
surface as polished as surface of head and with similar
punctuation, distance between punctures much wider than
diameters of punctures, on the disc an deeply impressed
puncture on each side of the midline; sides parallel in the
posterior 2/3rd, narrowed to the anterior edge (Fig. 5a);
lateral and anterior margin distinct, but anterior margin
finer; posterior angles with obsolete depression, marked
by a denser punctuation; depressions also with a trace

of netlike ground sculpture; posterior angles obtuse.
Elytra: 0.9 mm long, 1.0 mm wide; surface less shiny than
pronotum, with coriaceous ground sculpture; punctuation
sparse and scarcely visible between the ground sculpture.
Abdomen: laterally hairy, hairs short, scarcely longer than
distance between the insertions; a wide midline without
hairs; surface slightly shiny, with netlike ground sculpture;
last abdominal sternite prominent with a longitudinal
depression and an obtuse top posteriorly, which is as wide
as the prominence. Aedeagus: With short paramera that are
distinctly shorter than the central lobe; endophallus with
a long and straight basal part and a contorted distal part
(Fig. 5c).

Etymology. —The specific names refers to the country
of Honduras, where the species was found by Dr. Richard
Anderson.

Holotrochus lescheni new species
(Fig. 9a—c)

Holotype. —Peru: Madre de Dios: 15 km N Puerto
Maldonado, Reserva Cuzco Amazonico, 200 m elevation,
12°35’ S, 65°05’ W, Plot #Z1 trail 26, male, 26 June 1989,
collected by R. Leschen, #280, from flight intercept trap
(SEMC).

Paratypes. —Peru: Madre de Dios: 1 male and 6 females,
with same data as for the holotype, but 20 June 1989, 25
June 1989, 7 July 1989, 16 July 1989, 19 July 1989, collected
by Ashe and Leschen; 28 June 1989, collected by D’Silva
and Leschen; 7 July 1989, collected by Ashe and Leschen,
from liana fruit fall (GEMC, UIC); Bottvia: Cochabamba:
Cochabamba, 67.5 km NE Estacion Biologico Valle del
Sajita, Universidade de San Simon, 300 m elevation,
17°6'33” S, 64°47”52” W, 3 males, 9-13 February 1999,
collected by F. Genier, BOL 1G99 068, from flight intercept
trap (SEMC, UIC).

Diagnosis.—Holotrochus lescheni is related to the
species of the H. minor group, which is characterized by
the small size, the hairless abdomen and the anteriorly
margined pronotum. Within the H. minor group, H. lescheni
resembles the species with prolonged 3rd antennomere
(Fig. 9b). It can be distinguished from H. ingae and H.
minor by the less dense punctuation of the pronotum. In
both species the distance between pronotal punctures is as
wide or shorter than the diameter of punctures. It mostly
resembles Holotrochus pumilus from the same region, but
H. pumilus is distinctly larger and the 3rd antennomere is
still longer than in H. leschent.

Description. —Length: 2.1 mm. Color: Dark red;
posterior edge of pronotum, elytral suture, and posterior
edge of abdominal tergites light red; legs and antennae
yellow. Head: 0.25 mm long, 0.45 mm wide; surface
polished, without a trace of ground sculpture, punctuation

New NEotropicAL HOLOTROCHUS 15

distinct and sparse, distance between punctures twice or
three times as wide as diameter of punctures; eyes slightly
prominent, with few short supraocular hairs. Antennae: 2nd
antennomere globular, 3rd conical, nearly twice as long as
2nd; Antennomeres 4 — 6 quadrate, the following wider
than long (Fig. 9b). Pronotum: 0.45 mm long, 0.55 mm wide;
surface polished, with punctuation and ground sculpture
as on the head; widest in the apical third, straightly
narrowed to the posterior angles and shortly narrowed
to the anterior angles (Fig. 9a); lateral margin distinct and
anterior margin fine, a large central part not margined;
without depression at the posterior angles. Elytra: 0.5 mm
long, 0.55 mm wide; surface less shiny than pronotum, but
partly with coriaceous ground sculpture; punctuation also
partly coriaceous. Abdomen: Surface scarcely shiny, with
netlike ground sculpture and sparse and fine punctuation.
Aedeagus: With acute central lobe and long paramera that
are distinctly longer than central lobe; endophallus thick
and with the typical feature of the H. minor-group; a long
undulate basal part and a spirally distal part (Fig. 9c).

Etymology.—The species is dedicated to Dr. Richard
Leschen, who collected this species on one of his numerous
excursions together with Dr. James S. Ashe.

Holotrochus loretoi new species
(Fig. 10a—c)

Holotype.—Peru: Loreto: 1.5 km Teniente Lopez,
2°35.66’ S, 76°06.92’ W, male, 21 July 1993, 210-240 m
elevation, collected by R. Leschen, #170, from palm fruit
berlese.

Diagnosis.—Within the Holotrochus minor group the
species is related to H. trinitatis because of the relatively
short 3rd antennomere, which is as long as 2nd (Fig. 10b).
The punctuation of head and pronotum is also very similar
and without analysis of the aedeagus it can be hardly
distinguished from H. trinitatis. The endophallus of the
aedeagus is very different from H. trinitatis. In H. loretoi it
is very thin with a long straightly basal part and a torsion
at the top (Fig. 10c). Endophallus in H. trinitatis is broader
and with spirals in the middle part.

Description.—Length: 2.7 mm. Color: Piceous; posterior
margin of pronotum and of abdominal tergites red; legs
and antennae yellow. Head: 0.35 mm long, 0.45 mm wide;
with fine and sparse punctuation, between the sparse
large punctures with sparse micro-punctures; clypeus with
weak, irregularly transverse ground sculpture; surface
of disc polished, without ground sculpture; eyes slightly
prominent, as long as temples. Antennae: 2nd antennomere
oblong, 3rd conical, small, at the apex as wide as 2nd
and as long as 2nd; Antennomeres 4 and 5 quadrate, the
following wider than long; Antennomeres 7-10 twice as
wide as long (Fig. 9b). Pronotum: 0.55 mm long, 0.65 mm

wide; with same punctuation as head, on the disc a central
spot without punctures, but no smooth midline present;
surface polished, without ground sculpture; widest near
the middle, smoothly arcuately narrowed to anterior and
posterior angles, posterior angles obtuse and without
depression (Fig. 9a). Elytra: 0.6 mm long, 0.7 mm wide;
surface slightly shiny, with coriaceous ground sculpture
and fine and sparse punctuation, punctures scarcely visible
in the coarse ground sculpture. Abdomen: surface scarcely
shiny, with netlike ground sculpture and very fine micro-
punctuation. Aedeagus: Central lobe acute and paramera
nearly as long as central lobe; endophallus thin and long
with a contorted distal part (Fig. 10c).

Etymology.—The specific name refers to the Peruvian
Departamento Loreto, where the species was found by Dr.
Richard Leschen.

Holotrochus minax new species
(Fig. 6a—c)
Holotype.—VENEZUELA: Aragua: Rancho Grande
Biological Station, 1450 m elevation, 10°21’38” N, 67°40'38”
W, male, 14 May-20 June 1998, collected by J. S. Ashe,
R. Brooks, and R. Hanley, from flight intercept trap,
VEN1ABH98 185 (SEMC).

Paratype.—VENEZUELA: Aragua: Rancho Grande
Biological Station, 1200-1300 m elevation, 10°21’0” N,
67°41’0” W, female, 12 May 1998, collected by J. S. Ashe,
R. Brooks, and R. Hanley, under bark, VENIABH98 005
(UIC).

Diagnosis.—The species is related to the species of
the Holotrochus durus group, which is characterized by the
large size, anteriorly margined pronotum, and the hairless
abdomen. It is similar to H. campbelli and H. convexus
in size. Holotrochus minax can be distinguished from H.
campbelli by the more distinct pronotal microsculpture,
which is similar to the pronotal microsculpture of H.
convexus. Punctuation, however, is similar to H. campbelli,
whereas pronotum is not punctuate in H. convexus. The
males can be easily distinguished by their characteristic
depressions of 6th abdominal sternite, which is spherical
in H. convexus, X-shaped in H. campbelli, and oblong in H.
minax (Fig. 6d).

Description.—Length: 6.3 mm. Colour: Black; anterior
and posterior edge of pronotum dark red; legs and
antennae piceous. Head: 0.6 mm long, 0.9 mm wide; with
distinct and moderately dense punctuation, distance
between punctures as wide as diameters of punctures or
shortly wider; surface shiny, with dense and distinctly
netlike microsculpture. Antennae: Antennomere 2 globular,
3 conical, more than twice as long as 2nd; Antennomeres
4 to 6 quadrate; following antennomeres slightly wider
than long; 8th antennomere 1.5 times wider than long

16 SCIENTIFIC PAPERS, NATURAL History Museum, THE UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS

(Fig. 6a). Pronotum: 1.05 mm long, 1.35 mm wide; widest
in the anterior half, distinctly arcuately narrowed to the
anterior angles, straightly narrowed to posterior angles
(Fig. 6a); lateral margin distinct, anterior margin much
finer, with a small central part not margined; punctuation
similar as on head, with posterior half of the midline
more sparsely punctuate and with a transverse row of
larger punctures along the posterior edge; surface dull,
with dense and distinct, nearly isodiametrically netlike
microsculpture; depressions at posterior angles distinct,
without denser punctuation and microsculpture than on
disc. Elytra: 1.5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide; surface dull, with
similar punctuation and microsculpture as on pronotum;
surface of shoulders and of a wide stripe along lateral
margin smooth and more or less shiny, with a row of seven
large punctures at the inner edge of the stripe. Abdomen:
With much finer and sparser punctuation as on pronotum,
distance between punctures at least 3 to 4 times wider
than diameters of punctures; surface dull, with similar
microsculpture as on pronotum; last abdominal sternite
also with very sparse punctuation, but with few larger
punctures near the central depressions; depression of 5th
abdominal sternite hemispherical, in the apical part with a
densely hairy spot on each side of the midline; hairs very
short and stout; 6th abdominal sternite with an oblong,
deep depression (Fig. 6d); surface dull, with extremely fine
and dense microsculpture; sides of depression distinctly
delimited in the basal part, flatter in the apical part.
Aedeagus: With distinctly arcuate central lobe and extremely
long paramera; basis of paramera conspicuously thick
compared to the width of the central lobe; distal part of
paramera compared to the basal part thin (Fig. 6 c).

Etymology. —The specific name is derived from the
Latin word minax meaning prominent or outstanding and
refers to the extraordinary structure of the paramera.

Holotrochus panamae new species
(Fig. 13a—c)

Holotype. —PAnama: Chiriqut: 6.0 km NE Boquete, 1620
m elevation, 8°48’0” N, 82°26’0” W, male, 14 June 1996,
collected by R.Anderson, PAN2A96 96-130D, from oak
forest litter (GEMC).

Paratypes. —PANAma: Chiriqui: 6 males and 10 females
with data as for the holotype (SEMC, UIC); La Fortuna, 1200
m elevation, Continental Divide Trail, 8°46’0” N, 82°12’0”
W, 2 females, 9 June 1995, collected by R. Anderson, from
berlese forest litter (GEMC); Costa Rica: San José: 117 km
Pan-American Highway, 18 km N. San Isidro el General,
1800 m elevation, 9°28’0” N, 83°42’20” W, 24 specimens, 15
February 1998, collected by R. Anderson, CR2A98 001, from
cloud forest litter (GEMC, UIC); 4 specimens, 20 June 1997,
collected by R. Anderson, CR1A97 0210, from Berlese forest

litter (GEMC, UIC); 2 specimens, 25 Jun 1997, collected by
R. Anderson, CR1A97 035E (SEMC); 113 km Pan-American
Hwy, 23 km N. San Isidro el General, 2000 m elevation,
8°28'0” N, 83°42’0” W, 20 June 1997, 2 specimens, CR1A97
021A, from Berlese forest litter (GEMC); Puntarenas: San
Vito, Estacion Bioldgico Las Alturas, 2 km NE Alturas, 1720
m elevation, 8°58’26” N, 82°50'4” W, 1 specimen, 21 June
1998, collected by R. Anderson, CR1A98 106, from Berlese
leaf litter (GEMC); Las Cruces, Biological Statiob, San Vito, 4
km S, 110 m elevation, 8°47’3” N, 82°57'36” W, 1 specimen,
18 June 1998, collected by R. Anderson, CR1A98 103, from
Berlese leaf litter (GEMC).

Diagnosis.—The species belongs to the Holotrochus
brasiliensis group because of the short elytra and the
hairy abdomen. It is much smaller than the other three
species of the group, H. brasiliensis, H. columbiensis and H.
centralensis. It can be also easily distinguished from these
three species by the structure of the pronotum, which is
slightly emarginate in front of posterior angles (Fig. 13a),
whereas it is continuously arched in the other species.

Description.—Length: 2.4 mm. Color: Red; antennae
and legs yellow. Head: 0.3 mm long, 0.45 mm wide;
surface polished, with very weak ground sculpture;
punctuation also weak and sparse, with few scattered
hairs between eyes and neck; eyes very short, but visible in
dorsal view; temples twice as long as eyes. Antennae: 2nd
antennomere globular, 3rd conical, scarcely longer than
2nd; Antennomeres 4-6 as wide as the proceedings, but
shorter, more or less quadrate; Following antennomeres
much wider forming an indistinct club; Antennomeres
8 and 9 three times wider than long (Fig. 13b). Pronotum:
0.5 mm long, 0.65 mm wide; wider than head, widest in
the middle part, arcuately narrowed to anterior angles
and weakly emarginate in front of posterior angles (Fig.
13a); surface polished, with ground sculpture very weak;
punctuation distinct, but also feeble and sparse; along the
anterior edge two hairs on each side of the midline, and
few hairs along the lateral margin; lateral margin distinct,
anterior margin weak. Elytra: 0.3 mm long, 0.65 mm wide;
surface less polished than surface of pronotum, with sparse
punctuation and indistinctly coriaceous ground sculpture;
lateral margin with three hairs. Abdomen: totally hairy, hairs
short and yellow, not covering the ground, scarcely longer
than distance between punctures. Aedeagus: With evenly
arcuate central lobe and thin paramera that are as long as
the central lobe; endophallus with long straight basal part
and a spirally distal part that is 1/3 as long as the straight
basal part (Fig. 13c).

Etymology.—The specific name refers to the country
of Panama

Remarks.—The species of the Holotrochus brasiliensis

New NEotropicAL HOLOTROCHUS 7

group are distributed along the Andean mountain range
from southern Mexico to southern Bolivia, and one species,
H. brasiliensis Bernhauer and Schubert, 1910, occurs in
the mountains of southern Brazil. Whereas H. centralensis
and H. panamae seem to occur in relatively small areas, H.
columbinensis inhabits a large area from southern Columbia
to central Venezuela. Holotrochus centralensis and H.
columbiensis occur between 1000 and 2000 m elevation; H.
panamae also occurs in lowland rainforest. The species of the
H. brasiliensis, group can be differentiated in the following
key. The group is characterized by short elytra, which are
distinctly shorter than the pronotum. The abdomen is either
hairy or hairless.

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE HOLOTROCHUS BRASILIENSIS GROUP

1. Large species of 4.5 mm length (Fig. 16a), abdomen
hairless, pronotum with isodiametrically reticulate
microsculpture, surface more or less dull.................0.2+-
Soe CEC EEEPDEPER CREPES RPO PER Pere EET H. curtipennis new species

Smaller than 4.0 mm, abdomen hairy, pronotum polished
or with extremely weak microsculpture, surface shiny

2. Pronotum with distinct punctuation, distance between
punctures on average as wide as diameter of punctures
oromlly solic hit lyawalcl eres sencersceenerserecers-cesesesseeretore cess see 3
Pronotum with extremely fine and sparse punctuation,
distance between punctures on average at least three
times wider than diameter of punctures......0.0.0..000 4

3. Pronotum widest shortly behind the middle, sides
slightly emarginate in front of posterior angles (Fig.
13a), lateral margin anteriorly not covered by anterior
ANP OS scscestsasiessnsesessssiecssu.cscevsesvst H. panamae new species

Pronotum widest in the anterior third, sides parallel
in the posterior half (Fig. 14 a), in dorsal aspect, lateral
margin of the anterior third covered by anterior
BURY) EIS) escnosbonsceroaoaposadobusoontobasenda’ H. bolivianus new species

4. Sides of pronotum evenly arched, widest in anterior
GIG NTOI COOUIS serereterrettrrectetacyesatstssrovectstestiststesncocestceeasenacs
ne H. brasiliénsis Bernhauer and Schubert, 1910

Sides of pronotum parallel, slightly emarginate in the
inqui lll key, sell oN ieeeeeee reer H. columbiensis Irmler, 1987

Holotrochus rufomarginatus new species
(Fig. 1la—d)

Holotype.—Guatemata: without further definition
of the location, collected by Conradt, coll. Cameron
(BMNH)

Diagnosis.—The species belongs to the Holotrochus
simplex group, which is characterized by the laterally
hairy abdomen and the size between 3.0 and 5.2 mm.
Within this group H. rufomarginatus mostly resembles to H.

latinotus in overall appearance. In particular, the form of
the pronotum is very similar (Fig. 11a). The punctuation
is slightly denser in H. rufomarginatus than in H. latinotus.
The surfaces of the abdominal tergites in H. latinotus
are distinctly netlike reticulate, whereas they are nearly
polished in H. rufomarginatus, with exception of the
anterior half of the first abdominal tergite. Furthermore,
the aedeagus of H. latinotus (see Irmler 1987: Plate 3, Fig.
2c) can be easily distinguished from H. rufomarginatus (Fig.
11c) by the distinctly prominent inner parts at the top of
the central lobe.

Description.—Length: 4.6 mm. Color: black, pronotum
with wide reddish posterior margin, elytra indistinctly
dark red, posterior margin of elytra slightly lighter red,
posterior margin of abdominal tergites widely red, legs
yellow, antennae piceous. Head: 0.5 mm long, 0.8 mm wide;
clypeus with transverse micro-reticulation, disc polished,
surface shiny, without microsculpture; punctuation
distinct, but fine and sparse, distance between punctures
on average wider than diameter of punctures; a row of
four supraocular setae, beginning in front of the eyes and
ending shortly behind the eyes, two further setae on the
disc a transverse line between the posterior edge of eyes.
Antennae: as long as head and half of the pronotum, 2nd
antennomere globular, 3rd triangular, distinctly longer
than 2nd, 4th quadrate, the following antennomeres wider
than long, 2.5 times wide than long (Fig. 11b). Pronotum:
0.9 mm long, 1.1 mm wide; widest in the posterior
half, nearly parallel, slightly and arcuately narrowed to
anterior angles (Fig. 11a), laterally and anteriorly distinctly
margined, except a small pat in the middle of the anterior
edge, posterior margin not margined; posterior angles
arcuate; a row of short setae along the lateral and anterior
margin; punctuation fine and sparse, slightly sparser than
on head, distance between punctures on average wider
than diameter, between the normal punctures a fine and
sparse micropunctulation; without microsculpture, surface
shiny; without depression at the posterior angles. Elytra:
1.15 mm long, 1.2 mm wide; with indistinct coriaceous
ground sculpture, punctures deeper and denser than on
the pronotum, a row of short setae along the lateral and
posterior margin, two further short setae in a transverse
row between scutellum and shoulder. Abdomen: in the
middle of the tergites very sparse punctuate, more sparsely
punctuate than pronotum; first tergite with dense netlike
microsculpture in the anterior half, posterior half without
microsculpture, surface shiny; the following tergites with
much weaker transversely reticulate microsculpture in the
posterior half; all tergites laterally and sternites with dense
punctuation and yellow hairs; 5th sternite posteriorly with
semicircular smooth depression, the deep depression on
the 6th sternite longitudinal and posteriorly obtusely

18 SCIENTIFIC Papers, NATURAL History Museum, THE UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS

prominent (Fig. 11d), surface smooth with transversely
reticulate microsculpture, dull. Aedeagus: With evenly
arcuate central lobe and moderately long paramera that
are as long as the central lobe (Fig. 11c).

Etymology.—The specific name refers to the red
posterior edge of the pronotum. It is derived from the
Latin word rufus meaning red and marginatus meaning
margined.

Holotrochus uncinatus new species
(Fig. 4a—d)
Holotype.—Mexico: Oaxaca: 14.9 km N Sola de Vega,
male, 20 July 1992, 1820 m elevation, collected by J.S. Ashe,
#105, from sapflow and woodchips (SEMC)

Paratype. —Mexico: Oaxaca: 5 males and 10 females,
with same the data as the holotype (SEMC, UIC).

Diagnosis.—The species belongs to the Holotrochus
simplex group because of the margined anterior edge of the
pronotum and the laterally hairy abdomen. It most closely
resembles H. hangarthi in the small size and can scarcely
be differentiated from the related species without analysis
of the aedeagus. The aedeagus is conspicuous by the long
straight middle lobe ending in a hook (Fig. 4c).

Description. —Length: 3.5 mm. Color: Black; posterior
edge of pronotum reddish; elytra piceous; antennae and
legs light red or yellow. Head: 0.40 mm long, 0.6 mm wide;

punctuation distinct, distance between punctures as wide
or wider than the diameter of punctures; surface polished
and shiny, without microsculpture, but with very sparse
micropunctulation. Antennae: Short and stout, shorter
than head and pronotum; 2nd antennomere globular,
3rd scarcely longer than 2nd; following antennomeres
transverse, two times wider than long (Fig. 4b). Pronotum:
0.6 mm long, 0.75 mm wide; punctuation as dense as on
head, but coarser; surface polished and shiny, without
smooth midline and microsculpture, but with sparse
micropunctulation; widest near anterior angles, straightly
and scarcely narrowed to posterior angles (Fig. 4 a);
anterior edge margined except a moderately small central
part. Elytra: 0.75 mm long, 0.8 mm wide; coarsely, but not
coriaceously punctuate; surface moderately dull, with
coriaceous ground sculpture; surface at shoulders shiny.
Abdomen: laterally with short yellow hairs, punctuation as
coarse and dense as on elytra, surface shiny, with weak,
netlike microsculpture. Aedeagus: With long central lobe
ending into a distinct hook-like structure that is strongly
sclerotized; paramera slightly shorter than central lobe; the
short endophallus with a loose spiral (Fig. 4c).

Etymology.—The specific name is derived from the
Latin word uncinatus, which means “formed like a hook”
and refers to the conspicuous hook-like structure at the
apex of the aedeagus.

LITERATURE CITED

Irmler, U. 1981. Descriptions of new neotropical Holotrochus and a key to
the species of the genus (Coleoptera: Stapylinidae). The Colepterists
Bulletin 35:379-397.

Irmler, U. 1987. New neotropical species of the genus Holotrochus and the
new genus Mimotrochus. Entomologische Arbeiten des Museums
Frey 35/36:81-109.

Irmler, U. 2001. New neotropical species of the genera Clavilispinus,
Aneucamptus, Thoracophorus, and Holotrochus (Coleoptera:
Staphylinidae, Osoriinae). Amazoniana 16:349-361.

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