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Published  Weekly 


WITH    ILLUSTRATIONS 


VOLUME   120 

SEPTEMBER-DECEMBER,    1918 


FOUR    MONTHS 


THE    OUTLOOK    COMPANY 

NEW    YORK 


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THE  OUTLOOK 


[Adfertistmetif] 


How  One  Evening's  Study 
Led  to  a  $30,000  Job 

A  Simple  Method  of  Mind  Training  that  Any  One 
Can   Follow  with   Results   from  .the   First   Day 

By  a   Man  Who  Made   Formerly  No   Mortf  Thkn  a  Decent  Living 


I  HOPE  you  won't  think  I'm  conceited 
or  egotistical  in  trying  to  tell  others 
how  I  suddenly  changed  from  a  com- 
parative failure  to  what  my  friends  term 
a  phenomenal  success. 

In  reality  I  do  not  take  the  credit  to  my- 
self at  all.  It  was  all  so  simple  that  I  believe 
any  man  can  accomplish  practically  the  same 
thing  if  he  learns  the  secret,  which  he  can  do 
in  a  single  evening.  In  fact  I  know  others 
who  have  done  much  better  than  I  by  fol- 
lowing the  same  method. 

It  ail  came  about  in  a  rather  odd  manner. 
I  had  been  worrying  along  in  about  the  same 
way  as  the  average  man  thinking  that  I  was 
doing  my  bit  for  the  family  by  providing 
them  with  three  square  meals  a  day,  when  an 
old  chum  of  mine,  Frank  Powers,  whom  I 
had  always  thought  was  about  the  same  kind 
of  a  chap  as  I,  suddenly  blossomed  out  with 
every  evidence  of  great  prosperity. 

He  moved  into  a  fine  new  house,  bought  a 
good  car  and  began  living  in  the  style  of  a 
man  of  ample  means.  Naturally  tne  first 
thing  I  did  when  I  noticed  these  things — for 
he  had  said  nothing  to  me  about  his  sudden 
good  fortune — ^was  to  congratulate  him  and 
ask  him  what  had  brought  the  evident  change 
in  his  finances. 

"  Bill,"  he  said,  "  it's  all  come  so  quickly 
I  can  hardly  Account  for  it  myself.  But  the 
thing  that  has  made  such  difference  in  my 
life  lately  began  with  an  article  I  read  a 
short  time  ago  about  training  the  mind. 

"  It  compared  the  average  person's  mind 
to  a  leaky  pail,  losing  its  contents  as  it  went 
along,  which  if  earned  any  distance  would 
arrive  at  its  destination  practically  empty. 

"And  it  showed  that  instead  of  making 
the  pail  leakproof  most  of  us  kept  filling  it 
up  and  then  losing  all  we  put  into  it  before 
we  ever  reached  the  place  where  the  con- 
tents would  be  of  real  use. 
"The  leak  in  the  pail,  the  writer  demon- 
strated, was  forgetful- 
ness.  He  showed  that 
when  memory  fails,  ex- 
perience, the  thing  we 
all  value  mosthighly,is 
worthless.  He  proved 
to  me  that  a  man  is 
only  as  good  as  his 
memory,  and  whatever 
progress  a  man  ac- 
complishes can  be  laid 
directly  to  his  powers 
of  retaining  m  his 
mind  the  right  things 
— the  things  that  are 
going  to  be  useful  to 
him  as  he  goes  alone. 
"Farther  on  in  the 
article  I  read  that  the 
power  of  the  mind  is 
only  the  sum  total  of 
what  we  remember — 
that  is,  if  we  read  a 
book  and  remember 
nothing  that  was  in  it, 
we  have  not  addea 
one  particle  to  our  ex- 
perience ;  if  we  make 
a  mistake  and  forget 
about  it,  we  are  apt  to 
make  the  same  mis- 
take again,  so  our  ex- 


Dmrid  H.  Roth 

Wbtn  Mr.  Roth  lint  de- 
tannined  to  eschanca  bis 
Ifky  mind  for  me  that 
mnUratam  aaTtliliic  h* 
wwitod  It  to,  it  WM  bo- 
OMU*  be  f  amid  Me  meiD- 
orr  to  be  probably  poorer 
than  tbat  of  any  man  ha 
knew.  He  ooan  not  i*- 
member  a  man's  name 
»  aeconda.  Ha  torsot  to 
many  thinca  that  be  wae 
oooTtncsd  ne  ooald  nerer 
succeed  until  he  learned 
to  lemamlier.  Today  there 
are  over  tan  thoosand 
fai  the  United 
whoa  Mr.  Roth 
tatdifleranttin 
oftbem  only  01 
J  he  can  inaiautly 

Mr.  RoOcao  and  baa 
hmalreda  d  timee  at  <S- 
nan  and  laetaiea  aaked 
•fty  or  sixty  men  he  haa 
nerer  mat  to  tall  Um  thalr 
■amas*  boiiiMaiaa  and 
telephane  numbers  wd 
tlien  after  turning  tiis 
bade  while  Iber  chanced 
aMta,  baa  piekao  eaoh  one 
oat  fay  name,  told  him 
bis  telaphoae  number 
and  businses  oanssotioo. 
Thaea  ara  only  a  few  at 
the  aporea  of  equally  "  ta>. 
tnadble  "  thinss  that  Mr. 
Roth  can  do,  and  yet  a 
few  years  aco  he  ooiildn*t 
ratnember  a  man' 


twenty  eeooude.  Why  go 
aroand  with  a  mind  like  a 
~  paU  when,  as  Mr. 
laya,  "  what  I  hare 
any  one  can  da" 


perience  did  not  help  us.  And  so  on,  in. 
everything  we  do.  Our  judgment  is  abso- 
lutely dependent  on  our  experience,  and  our 
experience  is  only  as  great  as  our  power  to 
remember. 

"  Well,  I  was  convinced.  My  mind  was  a 
'leaky  pail.'  I  had  never  been  able  to  re- 
member a  man's  name  thirty  seconds  after 
I'd  been  introduced  to  him,  and,  as  you 
know,  I  was  always  forgetting  things  that 
ought  to  be  done.  I  had  recognized  it  as  a 
fault,  but  never  thought  of  it  as  a  definite 
barrier  to  business  success.  I  staried  in  at 
once  to  make  my  memory  efficient,  taking  up 
a  memory  training  course  which  claimed  to 
improve  a  man's  memory  in  one  evening. 
What  you  call  my  good  fortune  to-day  I 
attribute  solely  to  my  exchanging  a  '  leaky 
pail '  for  a  mmd  that  retains  the  things  I 
want  to  remember." 


Powers'  story  set  me  thinking.  What  kind 
of  a  memory  did  I  have  ?  It  was  much  the 
same  as  that  of  other  people  I  supposed.  I 
had  never  worried  about  my  memory  one 
way  or  another,  but  it  had  always  seemed 
to  me  that  I  remembered  important  things 
pretty  well.  Certainly  it  never  occurred  to 
me  that  it  was  possible  or  even  desirable  to 
improve  it,  as  I  assumed  that  a  good  mem- 
ory was  a  sort  of  natural  gift.  Like  most  of 
us,  when  I  wanted  to  remember  something 
particularly  I  wrote  it  down  on  a  memoran- 
dum pad  or  in  a  pocket  note-book.  Even 
then  I  would  sometimes  forget  to  look  at 
my  reminder.  I  had  been  embarrassed — as 
who  has  not  been  ? — by  being  obliged  to  ask 
some  man  whom  I  previously  had  met  what 
his  name  was,  after  vainly  groping  through 
my  mind  for  it,  so  as  to  be  able  to  introduce 
him  to  others.  And  I  had  had  my  name 
requested  apologetically  for  the  same  pur- 
pose, so  that  I  knew  I  was  no  different  than 
most  men  in  that  way. 

I  began  to  observe  myself  more  closely  in  my 
daily  work.  The  frequency  with  which  I  had  to 
refer  to  records  or  business  papers  concerning 
things  that  at  some  previous  time  had  come 
under  my  particular  notice  amazed  me.  The 
men  arouncl  me  who  were  doing  about  the  same 
work  as  myself  were  no  different  than  I  in  this 
regard.  And  this  thought  gave  new  significance 
to  the  fact  that  I  had  been  performing  practi- 
cally the  same  subordinate  duties  at  exactly  the 
same  salary  for  some  three  years.  I  couldn't 
dodge  the  fact  that  my  mind,  as  well  as  most 
other  people's,  literally  limped  sjong  on  crutches, 
because  it  could  not  retam  names,  faces,  facts, 
and  figures.  Could  I  expect  to  progress  if  even 
a  small  proportion  of  the  important  things  I 
learned  from  day  to  day  slipped  away  from  me  ? 
The  only  value  of  mo.it  of  my  hard-won  experi- 
ence was  being  canceled — obliterated — by  my 
constant  forgetting  things  that  my  experience 
had  taught  me. 

The  whole  thing  hit  me  pretty  hard.  I  began 
to  think  about  the  subject  from  all  angles  as  it 
affected  our  business.  I  realized  that  probably 
hundreds  of  sales  had  been  lost  because  the 
salesman  forgot  some  selling  point  that  would 
have  closed  the  order.  Many  of  our  men  whom 
I  had  heard  try  to  present  a  new  idea  or  plan 
had  failed  to  put  over  their  message  or  to  make 
a  good  impression  because  they  had  been  unable 
to  rememner  just  what  they  wanted  to  say. 
Many  decisions  involving  thousands  of  dollars 
bad  been  made  unwisely  because  the  man  re- 
sponsible didn't  remember  all  the. facts  bearing 
on  the  situation  and  thus  used  poor  judgment. 
I  know  now  that  there  isn't  a  day  but  what  the 


^yer^e  business  man  forgets  to  do  from  one  to 
»'d4izen  things  that  would  have  increased  his 

f>rant^  There  are  no  greater  wprds  in  the  Eng- 
ish  lang'iage  descriptive  of  business  inefficiency 
than  the  t«o  I'-ttle  words  "  I  forgot." 

I  had  rtachefl  my  decision.  On  the  recom- 
mendation of 'Poweip,  I  got  in  touch  at  once  with 
the  Independent  Corpora'jon  which  shortly  be- 
fore had  published' the'  David  M.  Koth  Method 
of  Memory  Training.  Aii(<  ^hen  came  the  sur- 
prise of  my  life.  In  the  very- hrst  le-sson  of  the 
course  I  found  the  key  to'  i  good  memory. 
Within  thirty  minutes  after  I  had  opened  the 
book  the  secret  that  I  had  been  in  need  of  all 
my  life  was  mine.  Mr.  Koth  has  boiled  down 
the  principles  perfecting  the  memory  so  that 
the  method  can  almost  be  grasped  at  a  glance. 
And  the  farther  you  follow  the  method  the  more 
accurate  and  reliable  your  memory  becomes. 
Within  an  hour  I  found  that  I  could  easily 
memorize  a  list  of  100  words  and  call  them  off 
backward  and  forward  without  a  mistake.  I  was 
thunderstruck  with  the  ease  of  it  all.  Instead  of 
study  the  whole  thing  seemed  like  a  fascinating 
game.  I  discovered  that  the  art  of  remembering 
had  been  reduced  l>y  Mr.  Roth  to  the  simplest 
method  imaginable — it  required  almost  notning 
but  to  nad  the  lessons !  Every  one  of  those 
seven  simple  lessons  gave  me  new  powers  of 
memoir,  and  I  enjoyedthe  course  so  much  that 
I  look  back  on  it  now  as  a  distinct  ^deasure. 

The  rest  of  my  stoiy  is  not  an  unusual  one 
.  among  American  business  men  who  have  realized 
the  value  of  a  reliable  trained  memory.  My  in- 
come today  is  close  to  $30,000.  It  will  reach  that 
figure  at  the  beginning  of  our  next  fiscal  year. 
And  two  years  ago  I  scarcely  made  what  I  now 
think  of  as  a  decent  living. 

In  my  progress  I  have  found  my  unproved 
memory  to  be  priceless.  Every  experience,  every 
busiiiess  decision,  every  important  name  and 
face  is  easily  and  definitely  recorded  in  my  mind, 
and  each  remembered  experience  was  of  im- 
mense value  in  my  rapid  strides  from  one  post 
to  another.  Of  course  I  can  never  be  thankful 
enough  that  I  mended  that  "  leaky  pail  "  and 
discovered  the  enormous  possibilities  of  a  really 
good  memory. 

SEND  NO  MONEY 

Mr.  Roth's  faefor  peraonal  inatmctioa  todaaaeaUnUted  to 
fUUr  members  iatliOm.  But  tai  order  to  eecnre  nation-wide 
distribotioa  tor  the  Roth  Memory  Course  bi  a  dagle  •eaeoii 
the  publialierahaTeimttheprioaat  ofilyflredoUaia.a  lower 
flguie  than  any  comae  of  ita  kind  lias  ever  been  eoM  before, 
and  it  contains  the  renr  aune  material  in  permanent  form  aa 
is  glTeo  fai  the  peisooaf  tl.OOO  oomae. 

So  conHdeat  ie  the  Independent  Corpoistiaa,  the  pub- 
Uabers  of  the  Roth  Memory  Comae,  that  onoe  yon  hare  au 
opportunity  to  see  in  yonr  own  home  how  easy  itistodoulile. 
yea  triple  toe  power*  o(  your  memoiy,  md  how  easily  you 
can  aoqoire  the  secret  c(  a  food  memofT  fai  one  erenlng,  ttaU 
they  ara  willing  to  send  the  course  on  n«e  emminatiaa. 

Dcat  asnd  any  mooey.  Merely  mail  the  oounoo  or  write  a 
letter  and  the  complete  course  wOl  be  sent,  all  charges  prr- 
paid,  at  once.  It  you  are  not  sntlrsly  mtisfleil  •ntdit  back 
any  time  wHUn  tra  days  attar  yon  reosire  it  and  yea  will 
owe  nothing. 

On  the  other  hand,  if  you  are  aa  plmsed  aa  are  the  tbou- 
anda  of  otlier  men  and  woman  who  bare  used  tha  eoorae. 
ssnd  only  tS  in  full  payment.  Ton  take  uo  riak  and  you  haire 
ererytliing  to  aaln  so  nail  the  ooupou  now  before  tbia  re- 
manable  offer  Is  withdrawn. 

FREE  EXAMINATION  COUPON 

JutcHflilttitt  luttyOTibit 

Diviaioa  of  Bnsinssa  Edncalaon 
Dapl.  229.  1 19  Weet  40lii  St..  New  York 

fMblithtn  of  The  Indrptndnl  (and  l/nrper't  WrrUyj 
Flsase  send  me  the  Roth  Memory  Courss  of  sersn  lessons. 

I  win  either  nmaS  the  coutes  to  yxm  within  Ura  days  after 

its  receipt  or  send  you  16. 


iVimw. 


A4dnm. 


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Prepare  for  a  shortage 
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Order  your  supplies  of 

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products  early. 
TTte  summer's  fresh  fruits  will 
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Freih   Fruits,   Jellies, 

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Miss  ELLEN  H-.NOft-TH 

Gcacsco  Jam  Kitcfaccu  Gepctco, 


TANDARD 

ARD 

PI  R  I  TIT  A  L, 


HVniN 


SONG 


iast  Out.   A  New  Sons  Book. 
imouatntaitaTmlue.BzamliiatlonCapy 

Tbe  BIkIow  and  Main  Co.,  New  York  -  Chloaaro 


Kc 


oopy  will 
CIAtatSc 


l_HM*«M*  *M  CatkajwiltAv*  When  Toa  Botify  The  Outkwk 
ImpOrUB  to  onnSCnOen  ol  «  chum  in  vonr  Eddiw, 
boui  old  and  new  addreea  ebould  be  gTTen.  Kindly  write, 
if  pouible,  two  weeks  before  the  chmise  Is  to  takiB  effect 


Memorj? 
^  fAebasis 
'  o/All 
I^nowled^e 


Prof. 
H«nry 

Dickson. 
Principal 


The  secret  of  bosi- 
nea9  and  social  suc- 
cess is  the  ability  

to  remember.     I  can 

mnke    your   mind    an    infallible 

rlasaifiad  index  from  which  you  can 

instantly  select  thoughts,    facta, 

iifxures.  names,  faces,  EnabUf  you 

t'>     concMitrat*,     d«v«lop    ••(!  -  control, 

ov«rco«n*     ^shfulnaas,     Uihih    on     your 

f*«t,  addrvaa  an  audlonoa.  Ejuy.  Simple. 

The    result    of    20  years*  expeHciic«  do- 

velopfns  memoHflS  of  thousanda. 

WnfATftJav    for    free    booklet   "How  to 

Wnte  lOday    Remember'    and    Copy- 

riKhtad  Mamacy  Taat.  also  how  to  obtain  ray 

.FREE  book.  "How  To  Speak  la  Public.'' 


Dicktoo  School  of  Memorrr  1739  Hearst  Bids.,  CUcafo.  18. 


EDWARDS 

STEEL 

LOCKERS 


We  fomtBh  Edwards  complete  lock- 
•r  aotdpcnerttii  for  factories,  storea, 
■cbocls.  collegt^M.  clubs,  jrymnas- 
hmia.  odiccs,  etc.  Tbu  Edwards 
Bteal  Lockere  ar«  eompteta  with  bat 
■belyas, books,  lockiosr  devieaa.locka 
UMloombarplatas.  Iliey are aojust- 
■bla.  aeoiKMnlKa  space  aiMiliaTa  no 
eompttcatedparta.  Each  locker  eom- 
priaea  only  six  unitB— tDtcrehanire- 
abte  and  ataodardixed,  maklnc  B)* 
Edwards  Steel  Lockers  cheapest  and 
pett.  Every  locker  narantead.  All 
beautifully  flnishedlo  baked  enam- 
el. Send  forcatalor-aad  eatifnataa. 
RenHiriiibie  representattreawitb  «•• 
tabliHhed  ofdcea  wanted  for  imoec*- 
pied  territory.     Wrtta   lor   tatnw. 


Pert* 
brtarehangaaWo 

Standard  Izatf 


■  AcUuitable  AUSteelflhaMw  fcr  PoatoOai^ 
•  andaUpbKcs  wlwrc«««4  ahiMBK  li  omOs 


THE   OUTLOOK 


The  Outlook 

Copyright,  1918,  by  The  Ontlook  Company 

TABLE  OF  CONTENTS 

Vol.  120       September  4,  1918         No.  1 

TBS  ODTLOOK  U  rUBLUHBD  WSSKLT  BT  THB  OUTliOOK  OOHPAHT, 
381  r  FOURTH  ATXNUK,  KBW  TORK.  LAWRSNCB  W.  ABBOTT, 
rE^^IDBKI.       8.  T.  rnUlFIB,  TlCa-PianOBHT.       rsAXK  C.  HOTT, 

-^TrKsUSSR.         BBHSn    R.    ABBOTT,    ncRBTABT.         TBATSBB    D. 

[  .OARJCAN,      AOTBRTUIHO      HAXAOBR.  TKARLT      aUBHORIPTlON— 

*   nmr-Two  urubs  — four    dollars    nr   adtabcb.       bhtbrbo 

AR  RBCSOKD'CLAU  MATTBR,  JULY  21,  1893,  AT  THB  FORT 
Omoa     AT     XBW    TOBK,    UVDHR     THR     ACT    or    KABOH    3,     1879 


Hammering  the  Hon 5 

Foch's  Battle S 

The  New  Draft  Ages S 

A  Dictated  Peace 6 

The  Lusitania  Agaiii. 6 

Pan-American  Cordiality 7 

The  War  Disposal  of  a  Peace  Fund 7 

Gossips  Beware 8 

Uncompromising  Women 8 

Voting  Wrong  and  Right 8 

The  Bible  in  China.   8 

Cartoons  of  the  Week 9 

Canning 10 

A  Bill  of  Fare  for  War  Times 10 

The  Airplane  Scandal 10 

What  the  Irish  Wish 11 

The  Poems  of  Joyce  Kilmer 12 

Philadelphia  and  the  "Liberty  Sing"....  13 

Vacations  de  Luxe  for  American  Soldiers 

in  France 14 

Br  Joicph  H.  Odcll,  Speeiel  Correapondent  oi 
Tbe  Outlook  in  Fruee 

Joyce  Kilmer:   August,  1918   (Poem) 16 

Br  Amelia  Josephine  Burr 

Shoulder  Straps  :    How  to  Win  and  Wear 
Them.    Essential  Military  Qualities  and 

Habits 16 

By  Charles  F.  Martin 

The    Government    as    Railway    Manager: 
Humanizing   the   Science  of  Railroading  19 
By  Theodore  H.  Priec 

Current  Events  Illustrated 23 

"Europe's  Fateful  Hour:"  A  Review  of 

Perrero's  Latest  Book 26 

By  Lyman  Abbott 

"S.  O.  S.— Send   Out  Ships:"    How   the 
Spirit  of  Adventure  Has  Been  Put  into 

Industry 28 

By  Donlla*  H.  Cooke 

Weekly  Outline  Study  of  Current  History  30 
By  J.  Msdieon  Gathaoy,  A.M. 

The  Motor  Truck  as  the  Nation's  Home 

Provider 30 

By  G.  A.  Kissel 

A  View   Horizontal 34 

By  the  Way 35 

BT  SUBSCRIPTION  M.OS  A  TEAR,    gfaigle  oopiai  10  cents. 
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881  Fontth  Avenne  New  York  City 


4  September 
TEACHERS'    AQENCIES 


The  Pratt  Teachers  Agency 

70  ruth  Avenae,  New  York 

Reoommenda  teachera  to  collegeaiPabllc  and  privat«  aciiooli 
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SCHOOLS    AND    COLLEGES 


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and  Where  \o  sell. 

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yourX^erary  gij^.Ha^r  Ike 
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mm  your  \d«<is  mlo  doUor*. 

Courses  in  Short-Stttry  Writ- 
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Play  WritinEt  Photoplay 
Writing,  etc.  taught  person- 
ally by  D^  J.  Berg  Esenwein. 
for  many  years  editor  of  Uppinocrtt*8  Magazine,  and 
a  staff  of  literary  experts.  Constnictire  critictsaa. 
Frank,   honest,   hel(tful  advice.      Real  teaching. 

One  pupil  has  raoeirad  vwmt  95,000  far  asriai  and 
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conflating  b^  first  couna.  Another,  a  busy  wife 
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\ 


Dr.£senWein 


There  is  no  other  institution  or  agency  doing  so  mtxdi 
for  writers,  young  or  old.  Theunivenities  recognire 
this,  for  over  one  hundred  members  of  the  English 
Euulties  of  higher  institutions  are  studying  in  our 
Literary  [>paitment  The  editors  recognize  it,  fct 
they  are  constantly  reconrunendirtg  our  oourseSL 

W«  paHWt  Tkm  Wrilwr^a  Lihrawy.  W*  ■!«>  pufaltak  TW 
WHtmr'a  khmlltl^  aspensDy  rShuM*  kr  to  foil  rapdns  of 
tha   Ikersry  msthat.  " 


tSO<pa(e  Ul«atr*t«d'eatalaff«e  fna 

X&e  Home  Correspondence  School 

DeptSS.    Sprir^^ld.Moss. 

CCTAauffHKD  laar  mconM>KATiD  t*o4 


II     It     II     It     It     It I     II     It     IIN 


NEW    YORK    CITY 


THE  SCUDDER  SCHOOL.  Dsy  and  Bowdintf 

A  pm  tical  finishing  school  for  oiHit  and  maiwre  voi 
witnen.   Superb  centxw  locatiou  n 
lookhig  the  Hudson. 


_  yovAd 

RinmkLe  l>rtn  orer- 

Domestic  science  up  to  data.  Jt^ary  Zee  Strmtn,  I>irretor. 

High  claas  secretarial  training  a  ^edalty— 1  *  *     - 
tions  a  result.  O/tpeciai  interest  to  hiffh  *e' 
gmdnates. 


— hish  cIms  pci» 
'hool  and  coilrfft 


College  prapaimtion.  Spanish;  Freocb.  Haiire  tedchert, 
dirertor. 


HmUui  superrision;   atiiletks.      Prn/eMkntai   pAy«ir>i> 


Oirls  from  25  States,  Canada  and  elsewhere.   14  ooUegw 
represented  last  year. 
lU.  O.  L.  ScODDSR,  Registrar,  $18  W.  73d  St^  N.  T 


UNION   THEOLOGICAL  SEMINARlf 

Broadway  at  120tli  Street 
Ntw  Teik  City 

The  charter  nqulree  that  "  Equal  priTileKes  of  admlaaioa 
and  InRtructton,  with  all  the  adrRotagea  of  the  InatiCh 
tion,  ahall  be  allowed  to  Btudenta  of  erery  denomination  </ 
Christiana."  mghtr-third  year  beghia  September  a,  1*1S 

For  Catalogua,  aiddTeea  THE  DKAN  OF  BTUDeItS. 


I  EW    YORK 


HOOSAC  SCHOOL  ^2SVSA 

A  Church  School  For  Boym 

Healthfully  located  in  the  upper  Hoceac  Valley  amonc  tl» 
Berkahire  Hilla.  19  mllee  from  Williamatown,  Vum.,  10  mta 
from  Albany,  N.  T.  Preparee  for  college  and  boaineae  Ule. 
Individual  care  gtren  to  each  boy.  Athletica,  FoothalL 
Hockey,BaeetaaU.  Dally  Drill  in  tptarr  Kxerdaaa.  Addn. 
RKCTO^  REV.  K.  0.  TIBBIT8.  D.4j JftH.D-LHooaict 
N.  T.  HEAD  MASTER,  MR.  K.  X.  WEKTWORTH.  UJ.. 
Barrard.  School  year  beirina  Santomber  25,  UU.  VISITOil. 
THE  RT.  REV.  R.  hTNELSOS;  D.D,  Albany,  N.  T. 


SL  John's  Riverside  Hospital  Traininf 
School  for  Nurses 

YONKERS,    NEW  YORK 

RsglRtered  in  New  York  State,  oSeia  aSyaan 
Keneml  ttainins  to   refined,  educated   woman, 
menu  one  yearhi^  achool  or  it*  equirala 
Dlrectreasof  Nuraea,  Tonkera,  New  York. 


uiralent.  A: 


toll. 


OHIO 


H^>    pertn. 


OMEN'^IIS 


I  •nmlorins  hondrads  vf  wofoaa  In  •ran'  4» 
ef  baDii    work,   aran  m  to  eaMUar.     CVag 


II.W. 


PEN  NSYLVA  NIA 


MAPLEWOOD    ff'gS?,e?-„,^,r; 

Near  Philadelphia.  Mth  year.  Junior  detartment  wher 
boya  receive  nal  care  at  modexate  latea.  limited  to  ^ 
College  or  buaiueaa.  Small  claeaea.  Haateta  azBoricRKM 
men.  Manual  training.  Boya  accommodated  enur.  year 
Sporta.    J.  C.  8H0RTLID0K,  ConcoidTtUe,  Fa.,  Boa  a 


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1918 


THE  OUTLOOK 


Chrbtian  Science 
At  Work 

A  man  is  known  hy  the 
work  he  does.  A  good  tree 
brings  forth  good  fruit. 

In  The  Christian  Science 
Monitor  you  see  Christian 
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ize what  Truth  and  Principle 
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The  record  .of  world  hap- 
penings' is^ 'given  exactly, 
clearly,  and  with  just  balance. 

Highly  interesting— for  its 
readers  know  that  the  news 
and  conunents  .given  in  the 
Monitor  have  a  Teal  bear- 
ing upon  their  thought  and 
lives. 

The  ChrUtian  ScImio*  Monitor 
is  $9.00  a  yeai  bjr  mail,  or  may  l>e 
obtained  at  news  stands,  betels 
and  Christian  Science  reading- 
'  rooms.  A  monthly  trial  subscrip- 
tion by  msil  anywhere  in  the  world 
for  76c:  a  single  copy  tor  3c  sump. 

THE  CHRISTIAN    SCIENCE 
PUBUSHINQ  SOCIETY 


BOSTON 


U.  8.  A. 


<Sole  pablluhara  of  alt  authoriaed 
Chriatian  Saiattoa  literatura 


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Why  Be  Thin  and  Frail? 

I  CAN  nuke  yon  weigh  whftt  70a  should.  Can 
buildup Tour strength.  Can  improTe  yoorfi^re. 
Can  teaonron  to  stand,  and  walk  correctly.  In 
your  home.  Without  drugs.  By  scientific  methods 
■neb  fu  your  physidua 
approves.  K«fiult.s  will  )>«» 
noticOHble  to  yuu  and  your 
friend)*  in  a  few  weeks. 

OneiMii'll  Miitci:  ■■  Uoilcr  yt>t)r 
IrrAlMteni  1  t(alae<l  15  p-^niU 
the  flm  three  uionihs  and  be 
came  Mrunif  ami  tiealhy.  1 
wvoldnol  be  i>Atk  Mlirre  1  wak 
ferftBv  amcHint  Infill   ney." 

If  yon  only  nalixed  how  mir»- 
ly.lMW  •anil  T,  how  tiieKpetiflivply 
your  wt>i^hk  can  Im^  in<-rvaM»wi. 
your  ftKiirv  perfbcttyl,  mui  y-iiir 
neftlth  improvp'l.  I  kin  ceitAiii 
you  wotiklwrit*  mo. 

I  wmnt  to  help  ynti  m  oiiIt  a 
wotwui  r&n.  I've  hul  a  wunder- 
fu)  ex|i«»Hriice  coTerluK  aixUteii 
yiifti*.  Write  to  TUP  and  tf  my 
work  wiiii't  help  I  will  tell  yuu 
whAt  will. 

SUSANNA   COCROFT 

l>«9(.  8.        CZ4  S.  MicUff.B  Avt. 
Chicaro,  lUinoia 


Thm  Gnat 

Quettion-AnMwerer 


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w 


o. 


trim 


Prite 

rev  HaKUr  LM  ei 


DODD,  MEAD  &  Co.,  Inc.  /^^uTTr: 

New  York  City      ■ 


PabBahan 


Reaidanoe.. 
Town 


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THE  OUTLOOK 


All  Roads  Lead  to  the  Front ! 

This  photograph  shows  the  vanguard  of  a  fleet  of  142 
U.  S.  A.  motor-trucks  entering  New  York  over  Riverside 
Drive.  They  drove  all  the  way  from  Buffalo  and  are 
bound  for  the  front 

It  is  estimated  that  at  least  300,000  new  motor-trucks  will 
take  to  the  roads  during  1918.  Many  thousands  of  these 
will  be  army-trucks,  which  are  expected  to  run  from  mid- 
VVeslem  factories  2,000  miles  to  the  seaboard. 

This  great  increase  in  heavy  motor-traffic  is  disturbing  to 
road  authorities.  They  know  it  will  quickly  disrupt  ordinary 
roads,  because  they  are  not  built  to  withstand  such  wear 
and  tear. 

The  only  way  to  save  the  situation  is  to  strengthen  the  road, 
and  Tarvia  is  the  one  product  that  will  do  this  surely  and 
economically.  It  has  been  used  on  thousands  of  miles  of 
roadway  all  over  the  country,  including  the  Army  canton- 
ments, with  satisfactory  results. 

Tarvia  is  a  coal-tar  preparation  for  use  in  constructing  new 
macadam  roads  or  repairing  old  ones.  It  reenforces  the 
road-surface  and  makes  it  water-proof,  dustless,  mudless, 
and  proof  against  motor-trucks. 

The  road  shown  in  illustration  is  part  of  Riverside  Drive, 
New  York,  treated  with  "  Tarvia-B." 

Illustrated  Tarvia  booklet  free  on  request. 


Pliiladelphia 

Cincinnati 

K&niiaa  City 

Seattle 

Milwaukee 

YoungstowTl 
Ricliinond       Latrobe       BetJilehem       Elizabetli 
THK  HAKRirrr  COMPANY,  Limited:  Montreal  Toronto 

Vancouver  St.  John,  N.  B.  Halifax,  N.  S.  Sydney, 


New  York 

St.  Louis 

Detroit 

Naahville 

Atlanta 

Johnstown 


ecial  Service  Department 

Tins  company  has  a  corps  of  trained  engineers 
.md  chemists  who  have  given  years  of  study  to 
modern  road  problems.  The  advice  of  these 
men  may  be  had  for  the  asking.  If  yon  will 
write  to  the  nearest  office  regarding  road 
problems  and  conditions  in  your  vicinity,  the 
matter  will  have  prompt  attention. 


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The  Outlook 

SEPTEMBER  4.  1918 
Offices,  381  Fourth  Avenue,  New  York 


HAMMERING  THE  HUN 

Each  day  since  we  last  reported  the  progress  of  the  war  on 
the  outlaws  oi:  Gennany  has  brought  news  of  victory.  The 
battle  which  began  on  Bastille  Day,  July  14,  and  was  signalized 
at  the  first  by  an  abortive  Gei-man  attack  directed  toward 
Chalons,  and  a  brilliant,  effective,  and  decisive  counter-attack 
by  Americans  at  Chateau  Thierry,  has  continued  without  ceas- 
ing for  day  after  day  and  week  after  week,  and  promises  to 
continue  for  days  and  perhaps  weeks  to  come.  To  us  it  seems 
the  greatest  battle  in  history.  It  is  great,  not  because  of  its 
bigness,  the  immense  numbers  of  men  engaged,  the  colossal 
materials  of  war  employed,  the  wide  extent  of  territory  over 
which  it  rages,  the  days  and  weeks  it  has  consumed,  but  because 
of  the  momentous  issues  at  stake.  It  is  the  battle  at  the  peak  of 
the  war.  It  is  up  to  this  battle  that  the  Allied  nations  have 
been  toilsomely  climbing  in  the  years  past.  It  is  from  this  battle 
that  the  Allied  nations  will  descend  upon  Germany  to  admin- 
ister the  final  crushing  defeat.   So  it  seems  now. 

There  are  undoubtedly  months  of  struggle  ahead  of  us.  How 
many  months  vrill  be  determined  by  circumstances  over  which 
we  fuid  our  allies  have  virtual  controL  If  we  manage  well,  if 
we  put  forth  our 'strength,  if  we  resist  trickery  and  peace 
swindles,  if  we  lend  our  power  to  Russian  resistance  to  Ger- 
many, if  we  strengthen  the  bonds  that  unite  us  to  our 
allies,  the  bonds  that  have  formed  an  alliance  more  binding 
than  that  which  any  treaty  or  other  formal  document  can  ci-eate, 
if  we  make  use  of  the  circumstances  that  are  at  our  command, 
we  may  reasonably  hope  to  dispose  of  Germany  in  another  year. 

That  is  the  significance  of  the  battle  that  Foch  is  directing 
in  these  days.  In  order  to  imderstand  what  is  happening  we 
must  remember  that  the  object  of  the  fighting  is  not  acquisition 
of  territory,  but  the  defeat  of  the  enemy.  To  weaken  and  then 
to  destroy  as  a  fighting  force  the  German  armies  is  what  Foch 
is  after.  To  that  end  the  attainment  of  a  town  here,  a  crest 
there,  a  bridge-head,  a  railway,  a  line  of  defenses,  is  necessary, 
but  ail  these  things  are  not  ends  in  themselves,  but  means  to 
the  end.  There  is  of  course  involved  in  this  war  the  desire  on 
the  part  of  every  AUied  soldier,  from  private  to  general,  to  trans- 
fer the  fighting  from  French  and  Belgian  to  German  soil.  We 
want  not  only  to  beat  the  Germans,  we  want  to  beat  them 
where  the  beating  will  do  them  and  the  world  the  most  good, 
and  that  is  along  and  even  across  the  Rhine.  But  the  object  is 
to  beat  them ;  and  under  Foch's  leadership  we  are  beating 
them. 

FOCH'S  BATTLE 

We  may  think  of  this  battle  as  extended  from  Arras  to 
Rheims.  In  the  first  stage  of  the  battle  Foch  hammered  the 
Ilim  at  the  left  end  of  his  line,  where  it  extended  in  a  semi- 
circle from  Rheims  through  Chateau  Thierry  to  Soissons.  He 
hammered  him  hard.  He  took  prisoners,  munitions,  and  a  toll 
in  dead  and  wounded  Germans ;  but,  whaJt  is  even  more,  he  took 
from  the  Hun  his  sense  of  superiority  and  his  power  of  decision. 
Then  Foch  struck  him  nearer  the  center  of  what  is  now  the 
battle-line  and  drove  him  back  from  Montdidier.  During  the 
week  which  we  are  now  recording  Foch  has  tak^i  him  on  the 
right  of  his  line.  There  Haig,  with  hb  gallant  and  dogged 
British  troops,  has  seut  the  Hun  reeling  back.  And  what  has 
been  characteristic  of  this  battle  from  the  beginning  is  still 
characteristic  of  it.  It  has  been  a  process  of  steady  cruwing  in. 
On  August  20  the  line  ran  curving  inward  on  the  .^es 
from  Arras  through  Albert  to  Roye,  and  then  jutted  again 
inward  around  Lassigny  and  back  to  Noyon.  While  the  French 
were  striking  near  Noyon  the  British  launched  their  attack 


southwest  of  Arras.  With  them  were  a  few  Americana.  They 
gtithered  in  towns  and  teiritory  from  MoyenneviUe  to  Achiet-le- 
Grand,  while  the  French,  pressing  on  toward  Noyon,  drove  in, 
in  the  course  of  a  few  days,  a  sharp  wedge  towards  Chaony. 
Then  the  British  by  skillful  maneuvering  sent  the  Germans 
back,  not  only  on  their  extreme  right,  but  all  along  the  line, 
so  that  Albert  was  soon  left  several  miles  within  the  Allied 
territory ;  and  before  the  seven  days  were  up  the  British  had 
penetrated  and  passed  beyond  the  old  Hindenburg  line  south- 
east of  Arras. 

In  addition  to  the  fearful  drubbing  to  which  the  Germans 
have  been  subjected  there  has  been  adminbtered  the  sort  of 
defeat  that  makes  it  hard  for  the  Germans  to  provide  for  a 
future  respite.  At  the  left  end  of  their  line  they  are  standing 
behind  the  Vesle,  but  when  they  go  back,  as  they  will  have  to 
do,  they  will  not  find  the  line  of  the  Aisne,  or  even  that  of  the 
Chemin  des  Dames,  as  secure  as  they  mi^ht  wish,  and  if  the 
British  penetrate  much  behind  the  old  Hmdenbui^  line  near 
Arras  the  Grermans  will  find  that  not  as  comfortable  or  stable  as 
they  would  like.  The  Germans  are  retreating  because  they 
have  to  retreat  They  cannot  choose  their  time  or  their  method. 
They  are  doing  it  wd^  but  they  are  doing  it  under  duress.  The 
arrogant  bandits  who  have  devastated  a  urge  part  of  northern 
France  and  were  on  their  greedy  way  ^o  Paris  are  now  fighting 
for  their  lives. 


THE  NEW  DRAFT  AGES 

If  there  were  any  question  of  the  country's  determination 
to  see  this  war  through  to  a  finish,  it  would  be  settled  by  the 
decision  of  the  Nation  to  increase  its  man  power  by  extending  the 
draft  age  down  to  eighteen  and  up  to  forty-five.  Whatever 
reluctance  there  has  been  to  develop  the  man  power  of  the  coun- 
try by  such  a  measure  as  this  has  not  come  ttom  the  people  at 
hurge,  but  from  those  who  are  in  responsible  positions  who  have 
hesitated  to  make  any  such  demand  upon  the  people. 

The  whole  question  has  been  whether  boys  of  twenty,  nine- 
teen, and  even  eighteen,  should  be  called  as  well  as  men  from 
thirty-one  to  forty-five.  It  is  perhaps  natural  that  there  should 
be  hesitation  in  calling  boys  of  eighteen  years  of  age.  It  is 
argued  that  they  are  not  mature  enough  for  service  in  modem 
wufare,  and  ih&t  it  is  asking  too  much  of  parents  to  give  to 
the  service  of  their  country  sons  of  such  youth.  On  the  other 
hand,  figures  from  the  War  Department  have  been  cited  to  show 
that  the  battles  of  the  Civil  War  were  f oxight  largely  by  young 
men  under  twenty-one  years  of  age,  and  that  there  is  no  soldier 
equal  to  the  young  soldier.  It  is  also  pointed  out  that  boys  of 
eighteen  who  are  now  drafted  will  be  put  under  training  and 
wOl  not  be  sent  to  the  front  in  most  cases  before  they  are  nine- 
teen. The  debate  over  this  question  has  gone  on  in  Congress, 
but  the  country  at  large  has  shown  every  sign  of  willingness  to 
support  whatever  action  in  this  respect  the  military  auUiorities 
consider  wise  and  right.  There  is  nothing  the  matter  with  the 
spirit  of  the  people  of  America. 

Certain  members  of  Congress  have  advocated  the  adoption  of 
a  provision  which  would  make  mandatory  the  selection  of  all 
eligible  men  of  the  class  above  the  age  of  eighteen  before  those 
of  eighteen  are  drafted ;  but  Congress,  reflecting  the  public 
opinion  of  the  Nation,  has  rejected  the  amendments  to  place  any 
limitation  upon  the  executive  authority  in  this  matter. 

It  is  gomg  to  be  diiHcult  to  place  boys  of  eighteen  or  nineteen 
in  the  draft  and  at  the  same  time  make  provision  for  the  con- 
tinuing of  the  education  of  young  men  of  that  age ;  and  yet 
such  raucation  is  necessary  if  we  are  going  to  develop  out  of 
those  young  men  the  officers  the  country  wiU  need.   The  colleges 

0 


Digitized  by  VJ\^»^V  l*^ 


THE   OUTLOOK 


4  Septemlx^ 


and  technical  schools  of  the  ooontry,  in  order  to  meet  this  situ- 
ation, are  establishing  Student  Army  Training  Corps,  in  which 
eligible  undei^^raduates  will  be  enrolled.  By  their  enrollment 
these  yoimg  men  will  become  enlisted  men  in  the  United  States 
Army  and  subject  to  call  into  active  service,  but,  it  is  expected, 
will  for  the  most  part  be  furloughed  for  instruction  in  their 
respective  institutions.  Provision  will  probably  be  made  for 
the  assignment,  at  the  Government's  exjpense,  to  such  institu- 
tions of  young  men  who  are  fit  to  receive  higher  education, 
especially  in  military  branches,  but  who  are  not  financially  able 
to  pay  tlieir  own  expenses.  The  measure  as  adopted  by  the 
House  also  contains  a  provision  by  which  youths  whose  educa- 
tion is  interrupted  by  military  service  will  be  permitted,  at  the 
Government's  expense,  to  receive  education  at  such  institutions 
for  a  period  equaling  their  military  service,  though  not  to 
exceed  two  years. 

One  provision  has  aroused  a  great  deal  of  debate.  This 
is  the  so-called  "  work  or  fight "  provision.  It  would  make  it 
incumbent  upon  every  man  of  draft  age  who  would  be  put  in 
deferred  classification  because  engaged  in  necesst^  war  indus- 
try to  enter  military  service  if  he  stops  his  work.  This  has  been 
objected  to  on  the  ground  that  it  is  "  conscription  of  labor."  It 
is  argued  that  this  gives  private  employers  power  over  their 
employees  in  preventing  them  from  striking  or  stopping  work, 
oollectively  or  individuiQly. 

If  the  wage  workers  in  war  industries  need  to  be  protected 
against  the  despotism  of  private  employers,  their  protection 
should  be  provided  by  Government  regulation  of  employers 
rather  than  by  the  exemption  of  the  worxers  from  consoriptaon 
under  the  "  work  or  fight "  prinmple. 

Germany  ought  to  be  aware  by  this  time  that  the  United 
States  b  going  to  send  an  overwhelming  army  of  men  to  join 
in  administering  to  her  the  defeat  she  richly  deserves. 


A  DICTATED  PEACE 

What  sort  of  defeat  does  Germany  deserve  and  does  the 
safety  of  the  world  demand  as  a  consequence  of  her  aggression  ? 
This  question  was  answered  by  Senator  Lodge  in  a  speech  on 
the  Man-Power  Bill — one  of  the  most  notable  speeches  which 
has  been  made  in  Congress  during  the  war.  That  speech  has 
special  significance  because  Senator  Lodge  has,  as  a  conse- 

auence  of  the  recent  death  of  Senator  Galnnger,  succeeded  to 
lie  position  of  minority  leader  of  the  Senate.  He  spoke  with 
the  authority  not  only  of  his  own  great  knowledge  of  inter- 
national affairs,  but  iJso  of  his  new  <^cial  position.  In  brief, 
such  defeat  as  Senator  Lodge  demands  of  Germany — and,  as 
we  believe,  the  country  is  growing  more  and  more  to  demand — 
is  one  that  will  provide  for  what  Senator  Lodge  calls  "  a  dic- 
tated peace."  The  terms  of  that  peace  must  not  be  arranged  by 
negotiation  with  Germany,  but  must  be  imposed  upon  Germany 
as  a  result  of  agreement  among  the  Allied  free  nations.  Such 
terms  as  he  r^ards  as  an  irreducible  minimum  comprise  the 
restoration  of  &Igium,  the  unconditional  return  of  Alsace-Lor- 
raine, the  redemption  of  Italia  Irredenta,  the  re-establishment 
of  the  independence  of  Serbia  and  Rumania,  the  securing  of 
the  safety  of  Greece,  the  establishment  of  the  great  Slav  popu- 
lation as  independent  states  and  of  an  independent  Poland,  the 
blocking  of  the  pathway  of  Germany  to  the  East,  the  restora- 
tion of  Russia,  the  taking  away  of  Constantinople  from  Turkey, 
the  sharing  of  Germany's  fate  by  Turkey  and  Bulgaria,  the 
security  of  Palestine,  the  Syrians,  and  the  Armenians. 

That  Germany  would  acquiesce  in  such  a  peace  as  that  is  not 
to  be  imagined.  "  No  peace,"  says  Senator  Lodge,  "  that  satis- 
fies Germany  in  any  degree  can  ever  satisfy  us.  It  cannot  be 
a  n^otiated  peace.  It  must  be  a  dictated  peace,  and  we  and 
our  allies  must  dictate  it." 

Though  he  speaks  as  a  leader  of  his  party,  Senator  Lodge, 
we  believe,  speaks  for  more  than  his  JMirty,  just  as  the  President 
has  at  various  times  spoken  for  more  than  his  party.  It  is  the  con- 
viction of  the  country  that  Senator  Lodge  voices.  Our  soldiers  at 
the  front  who  are  fighting  the  Germans  have  no  question  about 
what  kind  of  peace  they  are  seeking  through  victory.  And  the 
more  we  hear  of  what  Germany  has  done  through  ravaged 
France  and  Belgium,  the  more  we  hear  how  Germany  fights  to 
gain  her  ends,  the  more  we    in   America   have  become  con- 


vinoed  that  we  ought  not  to  ask  Germanv  to  what  terms  slii 
will  assent,  but  that  we  ought  to  fight  until  we  are  able  to  id 
Germany  to. what  terms  she  must  assent. 

To  what  Senator  Lodge  has  said  we  would  add  three  stat» 
ments  which  we  believe  to  be  in  accord  with  what  the  United 
States  ought  to  do  and  will  do. 

In  the  course  of  his  speech  Senator  Lodge  said  that  it  is  idl< 
to  talk  about  annihilating  the  German  people,  .and  that  we  an 
not  engaged  in  this  war  to  try  to  arrange  a  government  fo 
Germany ;  but  that  we  should  put  Germany  in  a  position  when 
she  will  do  no  more  harm.  This  is  true ;  but  we  should  p 
further.  First,  the  Allies  have  a  right,  and  maybe  a  duty,  u 
punish  individual  officers  for  murder  or  other  crimes  which  tiM>i 
have  committed  in  violation  of  international  law ;  and  not  odIi 
these  officers,  but  also  their  superiors.  Though  the  Allies  nu; 
not  find  it  their  duty  to  punish  the  German  nation  as  such,  it  i 
their  right  and  their  duty  to  refuse  to  interfere  with  Que  operadd 
of  the  natural  penal  consequences  that  fall  upon  a  nation  guilt 
of  the  criminal  conduct  that  has  disgraced  Germany.  In  tit 
second  place,  though  it  is  not  our  busmess  or  desire  to  impw 
upon  Germany  a  government  of  our  selection,  nevertheless,  if  * 
think  it  is  necessary  for  rendering  Germany  harmless,  we  hav< 
the  right  to  provide  that  a  Hohenzollem  shall  never  occupy  tb 
German  throne,  and  that  Germany  shall  have  a  government  a 
such  a  character  as  will  not  be  a  menace  to  the  peace  and  safer 
of  Europe  and  the  world.  In  the  third  place,  we  have  tli 
right  and  the  duty  to  provide  that  the  former  German  colonie 
shall  not  be  returned  to  Germany.  It  would  be  bad  enough  t 
return  those  colonies  to  the  Him  from  whom  they  have  beei 
emancipated,  if  we  did  that  in  order  to  secure,  through  negc 
tiations,  benefits  for  other  peoples,  but  it  wp)^  be  intolerabl 
to  do  this  as  part  of  a  dictated  peace.  , 

There  is  some  danger  that  a  tew  Americaiis  of  kindly  dispu 
sition  may  feel  it  their  duty  to  try  to  save^ermany  from  i 
humiliating  peace,  a  peace  that  leaves  a  sting  behind  it.  It  i 
not  their  duty  or  anyoody's  duty  to  protect  Germany  from  ti 
sting,  the  humiliation,  the. disgrace  which  by  her  crimes  she  b| 
brought  upon  herself. 

THE  LUSITANIA  AGAIN 

When  peace  terms  are  dictated  to  Germany  at  the  oound 
table  of  the  Allies,  as  General  Grant  dictated  the  terms  (i 
peace  to  General  Lee,  the  sinking  of  the  Lusitania  and  tl) 
assassination  of  her  passengers  wiU  form  the  basis  of  one  of  tlx 
most  terrific  accusations  brought  against  the  Prussian  hierarch;! 
In  a  notable  decision,  just  himded  down  in  the  Federal  Distrie 
Court  of  New  York  by  Judge  Julius  Mayer,  the  destructia 
of  the  Lusitania  has  been  le^lly  and  officimly  declared  to  hati 
been  an  act  of  piracy.  It  has  been  so  regarded  by  many  layuio 
from  the  day  the  news  of  the  torpedoing  was  published,  but  tlJ 
is  the  first  time  in  which  this  definition  has  received  leg^  auf- 
tion  on  this  side  of  the  water. 

The  decision  is  the  result  of  suits  brought  against  the  Ciuuv 
Line  for  damages  to  personal  property,  the  claimants  alle^ 
that  the  loss  of  the  Lusitania  was  due  to  the  negligence  of  Jyi 
owners  and  navigators.  The  litigation  has  been  goings  on  fa 
more  than  a  year.  Judge  Mayer's  decision  will,  we  think,  h 
one  of  the  historical  documents  of  the  war.  In  it  he  namU 
the  facts  in  a  form  whose  clearness  and  interest  the  practi 
journalist  might  well  envy.  He  reviews  the  principles  of  va 
national  law  involved,  with  scholarly  references  to  many  1 
decisions  and  writings  touching  on  international  relations. 

It  has  sometimes  been  said  that  the  present  war  has  destroj 
international  law.  This  is  not  the  opinion  of  Ju^e  Mayer,  lii 
refers  even  to  Grerman  documents  to  show  that  Germany  thH 
retically,  even  during  the  present  war,  has  recognized  the  biii> 
ing  nature  of  international  law,  although  in  practice  she  b 
grossly  violated  it.  He  finds  that  the  Lusitania  was  not  carr 
ing  munitions,  that  her  captain  took  every  possible  precauti" 
for  her  safety,  and  that  her  owners  were  justified  in  relyii 
upon  the  universally  accepted  principle  that  an  enemy  Te» 
may  be  destroyed  at  sea  '^  only  if  it  is  impossible  to  take  it  ioi 
port,  and  provided  always  that  the  persons  on  board  are  put  i 
a  pliice  of  safety." 

Judge  Mayer  concludes  that  "■  the  cause  of  the  nnking  of  tl 


Digitized  by 


Googk 


[918 


THE   OUTLOOK 


Lusitania  was  the  illegal  act  of  the  Imperial  German  Govem- 
nent,  acting  through  its  instrument  the  submarine  commander, 
uid  violating  a  cherished  and  humane  rule  observed,  until  this 
xrar,  by  even  the  bitterest  antagonists."  And  be  adds  this  perti- 
lent  prophecy  as  the  final  word  of  his  judgment :  "  But,  while 
n  this  lawsuit  there  may  be  no  recovery,  it  is  not  to  be  doubted 
:hat  the  United  States  of  America  and  her  allies  will  well 
•emember  tfie  rights  of  those  affected  by  the  sinking  of  the 
Lusitania,  and,  when  the  time  shall  come,  will  see  to  it  that 
reparation  sh^l  be  made  for  one  of  the  most  indefensible  acts 
)f  modem  times." 

Should  this  case  be  carried  to  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
[Jnit^  States  and  Judge  Mayer's  decision  and  opinion  there 
oe  sustained,  the  Commissioners  of  the  United  States,  when 
^ey  come  to  settle  with  Germany,  will  have  behind  them  th^ 
precedent  of  a  great  legal  decision  for  demanding  a  large  in* 
iemnity  from  Germany.  Such  an  indemnity  should  be  exacted 
90th  as  a  punishment  and  as  a  reparation.  It  is  false  sentiment 
x>  say  that  we  must  deal  gently  with  Germany  lest  we  crush 
ber.  When  the  settlement  day  comes  for  Germany,  there  will 
be  no  duty  calling  upon  any  one  to  try  to  interfere  with  the 
jperation  of  the  law,  recognized  by  the  ancient  Hebrews, 
vhich  visits  "the  iniquity  of  the  fathers  upon  the  children, 
md  upon  the  children's  children,  unto  the  third  and  to  the 
'onrth  generation." 


PAN-AMERICAN  CORDIALITY 

Although  the  attention  of  the  people  of  the  United  States 
a  now  fixed  upon  the  problems  of  the  European  war,  they  ought 
lot  to  forget  that  one  way  to  promote  American  success  in  the 
var  is  to  cultivate  and  strengthen  our  friendships  with  our  South 
American  neighbors,  especially  with  the  republics  of  Argentina 
ind  Brazil. 

About  a  year  ago  Secretary  Daniels  sent  an  American  fleet 
»  Rio  Janeiro  and  Buenos  Aires,  and  our  officers  and  men  were 
■eceived  with  warm  hospitality  by  both  Brazilians  and  Argen- 
;inians.  Last  February  the  Rev.  Samuel  G.  Inman,  Secretary 
>f  the  Committee  on  Co-operation  in  Latin  America,  in  an  article 
contributed  to  these  pages,  said :  '*  The  visit  of  Admiral  Caper- 
;on'B  war-ships  to  Braal,  Uruguay,  and  Argentina  constitutes 
>ne  of  the  most  important  events  in  the  development  of  closer 
ntemational  relations  between  North  and  South  America."  To 
lubstantiate  this  statement  he  quoted  the  opinions  of  well-known 
nen  in  South  America,  the  Minister  of  Public  Instruction  of 
VIontevideo  sajring,  "  I  have  been  working  for  closer  relations 
between  my  country  and  yours  for  thirty  years,  but  I  never  im- 
igined  it  was  possible  for  such  a  spontaneous  expression  of  love 
uid  sympathy  to  be  given  by  any  Latin- American  nation  to  the 
[Jnited  States." 

Brazil  and  Argentina  have  now  reciprocated  by  sending  two 
)f  their  finest  war-ships  to  American  waters.  They  are  lying  at 
mchor  in  the  port  of  New  York,  the  Brazilian  battleship  S3o 
Paulo  and  the  Argentine  dreadnought  Rivadavia.  On  August 
21  the  Mayor's  Committee  on  National  Defense  of  the  City  of 
Vew  York  gave  a  dinner  at  the  Waldorf  Astoria  to  the  officers  of 
,hese  two  snips.  It  was  largely  attended  by  citizens  who  wished 
n  this  way  to  express  their  appreciation  of  the  courtesies  shown 
»  our  own  Navy  in  South  American  waters,  and  our  friendship 
'or  our  great  sister  republics  to  the  south  of  us.  Ambassador 
!ifa6n,  of  Argentina,  and  Ambassador  da  Gama,  of  Brazil,  spoke 
n  felicitous  English,  and  Secretary  Daniels  responded  for  the 
National  Government,  and  especially  for  the  Navy,  in  a  very 
itrong  address,  in  which  he  paid  the  following  effective  tribute 
x»  the  friendships  which  naval  life  produces : 

To  these  officers  of  these  dreadnoughts  and  to  the  men  who 
man  them  I  wish,  a*  Secretary  of  the  Navy,  to  tender  the  Na- 
tion's welcome— ihey  are  shipmates.  There  is  no  relation  in  life 
so  intimate,  lo  cordial,  so  sjrmpathetic,  as  that  which  exists 
between  shipmates. 

I  T«memDer  _some  time  aeo  meeting  an  admiral,  now  on  the 
retired  list,  and  in  chatting  with  him  on  Uie  train  I  spoke  of  having 
met  the  day  before  a  boatswain  in  the  Navy,  a  man  who  had 
served  for  forty  vears,  a  splendid  type  of  tJie  American  sailor, 
and  I  said  to  the  Admiral,  "Do  you  know  Bosun  HiU?** 
"  Wliy,"  said  he, "  of  course ;  we  were  shipmates  "-  and  in  that 
word  shipmates  goes  a  something  of  friendship  and  sympathy 


and  comradeship  that  vou  do  not  find  anywhere  in  any  other 
relationship  in  the  world. 

It  has  been  suggested  that  the  hospitality  of  the  metropolis 
ought  not  to  be  confined  to  the  officers  of  these  ships,  but 
should  be  made  to  include  the  sailors  as  well.  We  hope 
that  something  can  be  done  for  the  seamen  of  Argentina 
and  Brazil  while  they  are  visiting  these  waters.  What  Dr. 
Butler,  of  Columbia  University,  has  happily  called  the  "  inter- 
national mind  " — that  is  to  say,  the  mind  to  understand  and 
respect  the  view  of  the  other  fellow — can  in  no  way  be  better 
cultivated  than  by  a  promotion  of  such  international  naval 
visits  as  have  been  exchanged  during  the  past  year  between  the 
United  States  and  her  sister  Latin- American  Republics. 


THE  WAR  DISPOSAL  OF  A  PEACE  FUND 

As  is  well  known,  Theodore  Roosevelt  was  one  of  the 
recipients  of  the  $40,000  Nobel  Peace  Prize.  It  was  awarded  to 
him  because  of  his  connection  with  the  Peace  of  Portsmouth 
which  closed  the  Russo-Japanese  War, 

When  he  received  it,  as  he  did  not  care  to  use  it  for  himself, 
he  gave  it  as  a  foundation  for  an  industrial  fund.  Congress 
created  a  Commission  to  receive  and  use  it.  But  it  seems  that 
it  did  not  prove  practicable  to  make  the  use  intended  of  the 
money. 

As  we  are  now  in  a  great  crisis,  and  as,  to  quote  Mr.  Roose- 
velt's own  words,  "  the  utmost  demand  is  being  made  upon  the 
ability  of  every  man  and  woman,  rich  or  poor,  ...  I  do  not 
think  it  right  that  the  fund  should  lie  idle,  and  I  think  it  most 
appropriate  that  the  Nobel  Peace  Prize  fund  should  be  used, 
through  appropriate  organizations,  to  care  for  our  soldiers,  and 
for  the  widows  and  children  and  mothers  of  our  soldiers,  in  this 
great  war,  waged  to  secure  the  only  kind  of  peace  worth  hav- 
mg — the  peace  which  is  founded  on  right  and  justice  and 
mercy." 

Accordingly  Mr.  Roosevelt  asked  Congress  to  return  the 
money  for  this  purpose.  The  securities,  when  sold,  plus  the  cash 
in  hiuid,  realized  over  $45,000,  and  Mr.  Roosevelt  promptly 
announced  that  he  would  make  donations  to  the  following  war 
charities :  The  American,  Italian,  and  Japanese  Red  Cross ; 
the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  and  the  Y.  W.  C.  A.;  the  Knights  of  Columbus ; 
the  Jewish  Welfare  Board ;  the  Salvation  Army ;  the  Belgian, 
Serbian,  Armenian,  Rumanian,  and  Montenegrin  sufferers ;  the 
Navy  League;  and  also  to  a  large  number  ofpersons  for 
personal  war  charities  in  widely  separated  regions.  The  language 
accompanying  two  of  these  gifts  should  \e  quoted.  One  of  the 
statements  was : 

To  Langdon  Warner,  Acting  American  Vice-CJonsul  at  Har- 
bin and  Vladivostok  for  the  Czechoslovaks,  the  extraordinarr 
nature  of  whose  great  and  heroic  feat  is  literaUy  unparalleled, 
so  far  as  I  know,  in  ancient  or  modem  warfare,  S1,000.  In  this 
case,  as  in  all  the  cases  tliat  follow,  the  value  of  the  money  con- 
tribution amounts  to  so  little  that  it  seems  hardly  worth  sending, 
but  the  money  was  given  to  me  by  the  Nobel  Peace  Prize  Com- 
mittee for  my  action  in  connection  with  the  peace  of  Portsmouth, 
which  closed  the  Russo-Japanese  War,  and  I. wish  to  use  it  in 
part  to  show  my  admiration  for  the  high  heroism  of  the  peoples 
who  have  done  most  and  suffered  most  in  this  g^reat  war  to 
secure  liberty  for  all  those  nations,  big  or  little,  which  lead  self- 
respecting  and  orderly  hves  and  act  justly  and  fairly  by  others. 

The  other  was : 

To  .Tudge  Joseph  L.  Nonan,  of  Georgetown,  Demerara,  for 
wounded  soldiers  and  tlieir  families  in  Irehmd,  $500.  I  send  this 
through  Mr.  Nunan  because  he  believes  in  Home  Rule  within 
the  Empire,  and  stands  uncompromisingly  for  prosecuting  the 
war  against  Germany  with  all  possible  efficiency  until  the  enemy 
is  overthrown. 

The  query  arises  as  to  whether  Mr.  Roosevelt  might  possibly 
have  accomplished  more  good  by  giving  the  fund  as  a  lump  sum 
to  some  one  organization.  It  certainly  would  have  been  easier 
that  way.  But  Mr.  Roosevelt  chose  another  way,  incidentally 
showing  the  wide  range  of  his  interests  and  knowledge,  and 
accomplishing  several  things  otherwise  impossible.  In  the  first 
place,  he  gave  himself  the  satisfaction  of  snowing  to  many  per- 
sons  and  societies  that  he  trusted  them  to  make  proper  use  of 
his  money ;  he  distinctly  attached  no  conditions  to  his  gifts.  In 
the  second  place,  he  gave  the  lienefit  of  his  indorsement  to  many 


Digitized  by  Vn^^^^V  IV^ 


8 


THE   OUTLOOK 


little-known  bnt  highly  serviceable  forms  of  relief  and  agents 
of  relief.  And,  in  the  third  place,  he  was  able  to  use  his  donations, 
as  in  the  case  of  the  fund  for  wounded  soldiers  and  their  fam- 
ilies in  Ireland,  as  a  means  of  emphasizing  certun  principles 
and  policies. 

GOSSIPS  BEWARE 

The  "  Red  Cross  Bulletin "  reports  an  interesting  case 
under  the  Espionage  Act  recently  tried  in  the  United  States 
District  Court  in  Wisconsin.  The  defendant  was  charged  with 
accusing  the  Red  Cross  and  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  with  being  a 
bunch  of  grafters  and  saying,  "  Not  over  ten  or  fifteen  per  cent 
of  the  money  collected  goes  to  the  soldiers  or  is  used  for  the 
purpose  for  which  it  is  collected,"  Apparently  no  evidence  was 
offered  on  the  trial  by  the  defendant  to  sustain  the  truth  of 
these  accusations.  The  Espionage  Act  provides  that  whoever, 
when  the  United  States  is  at  war,  shall  willfully  make  or  con- 
vey false  reports  or  statements  with  intent  to  interfere  with  the 
operation  or  success  of  the  military  or  naval  forces  of  the 
United  States,  or  promote  the  success  of  its  enemy,  shall  be 
liable  to  a  fine  of  not  more  than  $10,000  or  imprisonment  for 
not  more  than  twenty  years,  or  both.  The  defense  seems  to 
have  rested  upon  the  cltum  that  charges  against  the  int^rity 
of  the  Red  Cross  or  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  were  not  in  violation  of 
this  law.  The  answer  of  the  Judge  to  this  contention  is  thus 
reported  by  the  "  Red  Cross  Bulletin :" 

Can  a  man  who  contaminates  the  spring  at  its  source  avoid 
responsibility  because  the  resulting  damage  occurs  at  the  mouth 
of  the  stream  ?  Can  a  resident  of  this  country  avoid  responsi- 
bility for  remarks  the  effect  of  which  is  to  mterfere  with  the 
raismg  of  the  funds  by  which  the  Red  Cross  is  maintained  when 
he  would  be  liable  if  he  interfered  with  the  same  organization  in 
its  field  of  activity  ?  Without  funds  the  organization  cannot  suc- 
cessfully carry  on  its  work.  In  fact,  one  of  the  chief  purposes  of 
the  organization  is  to  convey  from  the  citizen  at  home  to  the 
citizen  in  arms  that  which  means  to  the  latter  gpreater  comfort 
and  greater  efiBciency.  This  is  possible  only  by  the  judicious  use 
of  the  monevs  donated  by  the  supporters  of  this  war.  To  cripple 
the  force  coUecting  the  funds  by  the  spreading  of  false  reports 
interferes  with  "  the  operation  of  success  "  oi  the  work  and  is 
actionable. 

This  decision  is  of  importance  because  it  apparently  is  based 
upon  the  doctrine  that  m  a  democratic  country  a  democratic 
organization  cooperating  with  the  military  forces  of  the  gov- 
ernment is  in  so  far  identified  with  them  that  any  interference 
with  their  cooperating  work  is  interference  with  the  operation 
of  the  military  forces  of  the  government. 

UNCOMPROMISING   WOMEN 

The  letter  of  Mr.  Lloyd  George,  British  Prime  Minister, 
to  the  Interallied  Women's  Congress  adds  another  to  his  dis- 
tinctions.   In  it  he  says : 

My  experience  in  South  Wales  last  week  has  confirmed  me 
in  the  belief  that  the  women  there  understand  perfectly  what  is 
at  stake  in  this  war.  They  do  not  mean  to  make  peace  until  the 
Allies  have  made  it  impossible  for  another  carnival  of  violence 
to  befall  mankind. 

As  justifying  this  tribute  we  quote  the  following  from  the 
platform  of  the  Women's  Party  in  England  r 

War  till  victory,  followed  by  a  peace  imposed  upon  the  Ger- 
mans and  their  allies  which,  by  withdrawing  subject  populations 
from  their  control  and  by  reducing  their  mineral  and  other  war- 
like resources,  will  make  it  physically  impossible  for  the  Ger- 
mans to  wage  another  war  with  any  prospects  of  success.  .  .  . 

The  adoption  of  more  radical  and  vigorous  war  measures, 
with  a  view  to  securing  complete  and  speedy  victory.  Such 
measures  to  include : 

Food  rations,  accompanied  by  the  development  of  communal 
kitchens,  so  as  to  economize  domestic  labor,  reduce  food  waste, 
and  guarantee  to  the  people  the  best  possible  food  at  the  lowest 
possible  prices,  cooked  in  the  most  sKillful  way,  so  that  its  full 
nutritive  value  may  be  secured. 

All  non-essential  industry  to  be  now  reduced,  and  even  pro- 
hibited, in  order  to  liberate  additional  labor  power  for  agriculture 
and  war  industry  and  fighting  power  for  the  trenches. 

Efficient  and  lo}'al  public  service  to  be  guaranteed  by  ridding 
all  Government  departments  of  officiab  lutving  enemy  blood  or 


connections,  and  of  all  officials  who  have  pacifist  and  pro-Germaj: 
leanings,  or  have  displayed  lack  of  the  necessary  zeal  and  com- 
petence. 

In  addition,  as  a  further  indication  of  feminine  acateness,  t^ 
protest  of  the  Women's  Party  in  London  to  Mr.  Lloyd  Geoif 
concerning  Bulgaria  should  be  noted : 

The  Women's  Party,  having  noticed  a  rumor  that  Bulgaru 
may  declare  herself  a  republic,  nevertheless  feels  assuried  that 
the  British  Government,  having  regard  for  the  fact  that  tin 
Bulgarian  people  are  equally  responsible  with  their  aoverei^ 
for  the  aggressive  and  iniquitous  national  policy  of  Bulgaria, 
which  is  me  Prussia  of  the  Balkans,  will  refuse  to  make  anj 
compromise  peace  with  Bulgaria  whether  that  country  be  under 
a  monarchical  or  a  republican  regime,  especially  in  view  of  th« 
fact  tliat  any  form  of  compromise  peace  would  invoke  spoliatJon 
of  our  faithtul  and  lieroic  aUies  Serbia,  Rumania,  and  Greece. 

A  general  election  is  impending  in  Great  Britain.  Under  tl 
new  Franchise  Act,  admitting  women,  the  electorate  will  l> 
greatly  enlarged.  Of  the  position  of  the  women  towards  retun 
ing  the  present  Government,  Mrs.  Pankhurst,  the  EngUs': 
suffragist  leader,  says,  as  reported  by  the  New  York  "  Times 

It  lias  been  stated  that  our  party  was  in  favor  of  the  Socialiitt 
Labor  programme.  That  is  the  very  one  we  have  been  fi^htin|; 
against  Lloyd  George  has  not  got  a  machine  behind  him  in  the 
coming  general  election  like  the  "  Wait  and  See  "  Laberal  leader, 
Asquith,  bnt  he  has  the  women  voters  with  him,  and  we  are 
fighters  from  the  start. 

All  the  real  English  people  who  believe  in  the  win-the-war 
policy  will  stand  solid  with  Lloyd  George,  and  the  only  ones 
against  him  will  be  the  pacifist  "  Germauy-is-not-so-bad  "  type 
and  the  backers  of  the  Bolshevik!  propaganda  now  being  circu- 
lated in  England. 

Germany  has  reason  to  fear  when  such  words  come  froi 
women. 


VOTING  WRONG  AND  RIGHT 

By  the  defeat  of  James  K.  Vardaman  in  the  Mississipp 
primary  for  re-election  to  the  United  States  Senate  Presideol 
Wilson  has  won  a  triumph  for  the  Nation.  The  President! 
declaration  that  Vardaman's  re-election  would  be  regarded  "  s 
a  condemnation  of  the  Administration  "  turned  the  tide  againa 
that  would-be  statesman,  though  Mr.  Harrison  might  have  wm 
anyway.  A  characteristic  statement  of  Senator  Vardaman's  i 
one  quoted  by  the  New  York  "  Times,"  that  "  the  Unit*( 
States  stabbed  Germany  in  the  back  while  France  and  Englan 
held  her  down," 

In  the  Nebraska  primaries,  George  W,  Norris,  also  one  <i 
the  "  wiUfid  twelve"  Senators,  but  of  a  far  different  sort  fn- 
Senator  Vardaman,  secured  the  nomination  for  re  election.  \Vi 
do  not  know  that  the  Administration  opposed  him  on  any  oth-! 
ground  than  that  he  was  a  Republican. 

To  our  mortification,  we  find  that,  through  an  inadvertencv 
certain  names  were  omitted  in  our  recent  list  of  the  memb*^ 
of  the  Sixty-fifth  Congress  who  voted  right  on  the  declarati<'. 
of  war  and  on  the  Conscription  BiU,  The  members  oinitte 
were  Rejjresentatives  Bankhead,  of  Alabama ;  Scott,  of  Iowa 
Goodall,  White,  and  Hersey,  of  Maine;  and  Zihlman,  «■ 
Maryland.  Any  one  who  assumes  that  because  of  our  regrettad' 
omission  they  voted  wrong  is  grossly  mistaken ;  they  have  clrtu 
scores  and  should  be  given  cretUt  for  them. 

The  case  of  Mr.  White  is  specially  to  be  noted,  as  his  opp' 
nent  for  the  nomination  in  the  Maine  primaries  ia  fonw 
Congressman  McGillicuddy,  who,  according  to  the  Natioui 
Security  League's  chart,  voted  wrong  on  four  of  the  six  prii 
cipal  preparedness  measures  in  the  Sixty-iourth  Cong^ress.  J 
closer  examination  of  Mr.  McGillicuddy's  record,  we  are  tok 
will  disclose  that  these  are  not  the  only  votes  of  the  kind  ;  ths 
he  either  voted  against  or  did  not  vote  at  all  on  amendments  in 
increasing  aircraft  production,  for  larger  appropriations  fo 
coast  defense  camion,  and  on  the  effort  to  secure  larger  battl< 
ship  programmes. 


THE  BIBLE  IN  CHINA 

The  first  version  of  the  Bible  in  China  was  that  of  D 
Joshua  Marshman,  and  was  published  in  1820.  The  translatit 


Digitized  by  VJWVJV  l*^ 


CARTOONSOF      THE     WEEK 


From  Etquella  iBarcdona,  Spain) 


OUT  OF  THK  VILDICRKKSS 


THK  RUSSIAN  PEASANT'S  REAL  FRIENDS  ABE  COMING  TO 
HELP  HIM 


BUND,   DEAF,   AMD  DUMB 
"  Long  Ut«  Bfin  I" 

A   SPANISH   CARTOONIST'S  VIEW  OF 

SPAIN'S  HUMILIATING  ATTITUDE 

BEFORE  GERMANY 


From  the  Mempkit  Commereial  Appeal 


Satterfield  in  the  Peona  Transcnpt 


TUB  WORKERS  WHO  ARE  HELPING  TO  WIN  THE  BATTLES  IN  FRANCBby 


10 


THE   OUTLOOK 


4  September 


by  Dr.  Morrison,  of  Canton,  which,  completed  in  that  same 

fear,  was  published  in  1823.  Those  who  tried  to  pat  these 
(ibles  into  circulation  faced  ^^reat  difficulties,  and  it  was  con- 
sidered no  small  feat  that  durmg  the  year  1822  "  the  greater 
part  of  five  hundred  copies  of  t£e  New  Testament  and  some 
boohs  of  the  Old  Testament  had  been  put  into  circulation."  A 
far  cry  that  to  1916,  when  the  Bibles  put  into  circulation  by 
the  American  Bible  Society  alone  numbered  2,274,710  copes. 

The  American  Bible  Society  b^;an  its  real  work  in  China  in 
1834,  in  the  face  of  great  opposition  on  the  part  of  the  author- 
ities  of  China.  The  Christians  were  accused  of  all  sorts  of  evil 
intentions,  and  it  was  even  said  that  their  Bibles  were  saturated 
with  a  poisonous  material  in  order  to  destroy  those  who  received 
the  books.  Grradually  the  opposition  of  the  Chinese  was  over- 
come. It  was  found  that,  instead  of  giving  away  the  Bibles,  a 
more  successful  way  to  get  them  into  circulation  was  to  sell  them 
at  a  nominal  price,  m  selling  the  books  native  Colporteurs 
proved  very  useful. 

From  a  trusted  special  correspondent  of  The  Outlook  in  the 
Far  East  we  learn  that  Dr.  John  R.  Hykes  is  still  in  charge 
of  the  work  of  the  American  Bible  Society  in  China.  During 
the  forty-five  years  that  he  has  been  there,  and  particularly 
during  the  twenty-four  years  that  he  has  been  with  the  Society, 
the  work  has  made  great  strides.  The  circulation  for  his  first 
year  as  agent  was  305,715,  an  increase  of  52,840  over  the  best 
previous  record.  At  the  same  time  the  cost  of  distributing  the 
Bibles  was  reduced  by  one-third  for  each  thousand  copies. 
Altogether,  in  twenty-four  years  Dr.  Hykes  has  put  more  than 
eighteen  million  Bibles  in  circulation  in  China. 

Dr.  Hykes  abolished  the  practice  by  which  local  missionaries 
formerly  kept  the  small  profits  on  their  sales  for  their  expenses. 
He  now  has  under  him  five  paid  white  superintendents,  who  have 
under  them  in  their  respective  districts  paid  Chinese  directors 
of  the  many  voluntary  Chinese  workers  who  do  the  bulk  of  the 
actual  distribution.  Of  Dr.  Hykes's  work  our  correspondent 
says: 

"  Americans  who  rejoice  at  the  great  strides  which  have  been 
made  in  carrying  the  teachings  of  Christ  among  the  vast  popu- 
lation of  China  may  thank  Dr.  Hykes,  for  in  a  large  degree  the 
success  of  the  effort  has  been  due  to  his  tact,  business  sense, 
and  unflagging  energy." 


CANNING 

Reports  from  the  Department  of  Agriculture,  and  espe- 
cially from  the  National  War  Oarden  Commission,  indicate  that 
the  present  season  is  marking  an  unprecedented  amount  of 
canning,  insuring  the  harvesting  and  preservation  of  our  summer 
crop  of  spinach,  peas,  tomatoes,  com,  and  other  vegetables,  as 
well  U8  a  great  variety  of  small  fruits. 

The  industry  in  New  York  State  is  specially  large,  and  is  par- 
ticularly active  in  the  northern  region.  In  the  last  two  seasons 
crops  of  vegetables  were  light ;  the  present  crop  is  fine.  More- 
over, canners  have  extended  their  acreage,  thus  still  further 
enlarging  their  production. 

Yet  the  amount  of  money  that  they  have  been  able  to  procure 
from  the  banks  with  which  they  deal  has  been  inadequate  to 
enable  them  to  continue  their  business  and  save  perishable  food 
products.  Meanwhile  the  cost  of  containers  and  other  expenses 
had  increased.  The  situation  was  precarious.  Aid,  to  be  of  real 
value,  was  needed  quickly;  otherwise  many  perishable  food 
products  would  be  lost,  to  the  great  detriment  of  canners  and 
the  consuming  public,  as  well  as  our  soldiers  overseas. 

The  canners  appealed  to  the  War  Finance  Corporation,  re- 
cently organized  by  Act  ofCongress.  The  Corporation  suggested 
a  plan  uuidra:  which  relief  might  be  given.  The  main  feature  of 
tiie  plan  was  a  carefully  controlled  system  of  warehousing  goods 
at  the  respective  canning  plants,  so  that  the  necessary  adequate 
security  might  be  obtained  for  the  money  advanced,  as  required 
by  tiie  War  Finance  Corporation  Act  A  Warehouse  Company 
was  organized  by  the  canners  with  paid-in  capital  of  $100,000. 
This  company  issues  receipts  for  goods  stored,  which  receipts, 
to  the  extent  of  125  per  cent  of  the  cost  value  of  goods,  form 
the  basis  of  collateral  to  secure  the  respective  loans  to  the  can- 
ners. The  company  is  managed  by  eleven  representative  canners 
of  New  York  State.    The  arrangement  provides  that  every 


canner  in  the  State  may  avail  himself  of  the  facilities  afforded, 
and  Jio  canner  will  be  refused  relief  if  he  is  worthy  of  it  and 
has  the  required  security. 

,It  is  a  satisfaction  to  add  that  die  operation  of  this  plan  has 
already  relieved  the  situation  and  has  averted  the  serious  food 
loss  tlu.t  confronted  the  canning  industry  of  New  York. 

A   BILL   OF   FARE   FOR    WAR   TIMES 

Six  thousand  meals  using  only  fifty  pomids  ot  sugar  for  all 
purposes  is  the  record  established  by  the  cafeteria  in  the  Food 
Administration  Building  at  Washington.  This  is  at  the  rate  of 
one  pound  to  one  hundi«d  and  twenty  meals,  and  is  in  some 
contrast  with  what  the  Food  Adiiunistrati(Hi  is  asking  the 
American  housewife  to  do  to  save  sugar — to  use  two  poonds 
per  month  per  person,  or  one  pound  for  forty-five  meals.  - 

The  Food  Administration  announces  that  it  feeds  an  average 
of  six  hundred  persons  per  day  for  the  noon  meal,  and  the  sugar 
ration  mentioned  covers  its  use  for  all  purposes,  including  tea, 
coffee,  desserts,  and  in  cooking.  Most  of  die  desserts  contain 
such  substitutes  as  honey,  maple  syrup,  white  svrup,  or  com 
S3rnip,  and  the  use  of  sugar  is  confined  almost  exdusively  to  tea 
and  coffee,  for  which  there  is  a  large  demand.'  Every  ^tron  is 
asked  if  he  desires  sugar  in  his  tea  or  coffee,  and,  if  so,  it  is  served 
in  uniform  quantities  at  the  time  the  cup  is  filled. 

No  wheat  in  any  form  has  been  served,  not  even  in  cooking. 
Bread  is  made  of  cora-meal,  potato,  rice,  barley,  and  com  flours. 
This,  has  been  found  to  work  well  from  a  palatable  as  well  as  a 
nutritional  standpoint. 

Beef  is  served  only  dnce  a  week,  and  then  in  some  form  which 
presents  the  opportunity  of  stretching  the  quantity  used,  such  as 
m  stews,  croquettes,  casseroles,  and  8ouffl(5s.  Fish  is  served  twice 
a  week  as  a  main  dish,  but  is  frequently  used  in  salads. 

'Die  cafeteria  is  self-supporting,  and  its  use  of  substitutes 
(quite  contrary  to  the  widespread  belief  thaft  substitutes  are  more 
expensive)  has  enabled  its  maua^ment  to  serve  its  menus  at  low 
prices,  as  may  be  seen  by  such  items  as  these : 

Baked  raaokerel— paisley  aaaoe 10  Tomato  and  egg  salad 10 

Cold  tongne 10  Uaple  nut  podding  with  whipped 

Potatoes  aa  gTstin 06       cream.. OR 

Comoooob 05  Watermelon 03 

Rioe  or  com  mnfflns  and  batter 05  Freah  peauhea,  eaoh OS 

Cheeae OB        "      j/ixuaa 3  for  .06 


THE    AIRPLANE    SCANDAL 

THE  revelations  concerning  American  inefficiency  in  sup- 
plying airplanes  to  the  Army  which  have  been  made  in  the 
report  of  the  sub-committee  of  the  Senate  Committee  on 
Military  Affairs  and  in  the  testimony  of  Major-General  William 
L.  Kenly,  Chief  of  Military  Aeronautics,  ought  not  to  surprise 
the  couutiy.  They  had  been  foreshadowed  in  this  and. other 
journals.  Many  months  ago  The  Outlook  reported  to  its  read- 
ers, in  several  articles,  the  deficiencies  and  failures  in  our  air- 
plane production.  We  had  at  that  time  reliable  reports  from 
trustworthy  sources  that  all  was  not  going  well.  We  asserted 
that  our  Army  was  not  getting  airplanes,  and  was  not  likely  to 
get  them,  under  the  prevailing  conditions  of  organization  and 
manufacture.   In  January  last  we  said  editorially : 

What  is  the  duty  of  the  American  public,  whose  fighdn)![  sons, 
brothers,  and  husbands  are  awaitiiiK  the  weapons  with  which  to 
win  our  victory  ?  The  unpardonable  sin  ia  mdolence  and  lassi- 
tude, or  the  paralysis  of  omciaj  red  tape  hidden  under  the  plea 
of  military  secrecy ;  and  it  is  the  sin  of  the  public  if  it  permits 
inaction.  In  the  light  of  the  rifle  and  machine-gun  revelations, 
it  seems  necessary  that  the  public  should  demand  the  truth  con- 
cerning our  airplane  situation. 

Criticisms  of  this  kind  aroused  a  storm  of  protest.  The 
Outlook,  as  well  as  other  journals  which  were  trying  to  tell  the 
truth  for  the  good  of  the  country,  received  letters  accusing 
them  of  a  lack  of  patriotism  and  loyalty.  Some  of  our  readers 
told  us  that  we  were  actuated  by  partisan  bias  and  were  trying  to 
discredit  the  Administration.  But  nothing  that  we  said  six  or 
eight  months  ago  concerning  tiie  mismanagement  of  our  air- 
craft programme  compares  with  what  is  now  said  by  members 
of  the  Senate  Committee  especially  designated  for  this  investi- 


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1918 


THE   OUTLOOK 


11 


Ktion.    This   hiTestigatiog    snlv^ommittee  consists   of-  two 
imocnts,  Senator  Thomas  of  Colorado  and  Senator  Reed  of 

'       Missouri,  and  two  Republicans,  Senator  New  of  Indiana  and 

'        Senator  Frelinghuysen  of  New  Jersey.  The  snb-committee,  of 

which  Senator  Thomas  is  chairman,  after  calling  attention  to  the 

fact  that  on  June  8, 1917,  the  Government  announced  that  a 

•  great  fleet  of  26,000  airplanes  was  about  to  be  created,  and  to  the 

fact  that  on  July  24, 1917,  Congress  appropriated  #640,000,000 

[  to  carry  out  this  programme,  says:  "  In  the  opinion  of  the  Com- 
mittee, a  substantial  part  of  the  first  appropriation  was  practically 

^  wasted."  The  Committee  makes  no  all^tion  of  corruption, 
leaving  that  aspect  of  the  case  to  the  special  investigation  which 
exnTnstioe  Hughes  is  now  carrying  on.    But  it  does  assert 

I  that  diere  was  favoritism  in  making  contracts  and  imbusiness- 
like  confusion,  waste,  and  lack  of  co-ordinated  authority.    The 

'        Committee  makes  several  practical  recommendations  of  reform, 

I  of  which  the  two  most  important  are,  first,  the  creation  of  a 
Department  of  the  Air  with  a  single  head,  who  would  pre- 
sumably be  a  member  of  the  Cabinet.  This  plan  has  already 
been  adopted  by  Great  Britain  with  notable  success.     The 

I        second  recommendation  is  a  commission  of  engineers  and  pilots 

I       for  observation  at  die  front. 

This  report  of  the  Senate  Committee  of  the  disheartening  and 
almost  scandalous  situation  in  the  American  production  of  mili- 

I       tary  airplanes  is  oonfirmed  by  Creneral  Kenly  in  the  evidence, 

I        just  puUished,  which  he  gave  before  the  Senate  Military  Affairs 

I        Committee. 

General  William  L.  Kenly  is  a  graduate  of  West  Point  and 

I  has  been  in  the  service  for  nearfy  thirty  vears.  He  was  in 
action  in  Cuba  daring  the  Spanish  War  and  in  the  Philippine 
Islands.  He  was  appointed  to  his  present  post  as  Chief  of  Mili- 
tary Aeronautics  last  spring.  He  reports  that  he  found  great 
confusion  in  the  airplane  organization,  and  defined  the  entire 

I        situation  as  "  a  mixed-up  jumble."    He  ui^es  the  creation  of  a 

I  Department  of  Aeronautics  with  a  secretary  in  the  Cabinet. 
A  significant  feature  of  his  testimony  was  his  assertion  that, 
to  the  beet  of  his  knowledge,  and  he  m  course  is  in  a  position 
to  know  as  much  about  the  airplane  situation  as  any  one 
in  tiie  country,  not  a  single  American-made  machine  was, 
as  late  as  July  20,  used  by  our  fliers  on  the  other  side. 
He  and  two  of  his  subordinates.  Colonel  Bane  and  Major 
Reinhart,  who  also,  testified,  named  certain  Amerioan-manu- 
faotored  airplanes  as  "  unsafe  and  dangerous."  Ten  days  before 
this  testimony  appeared,  a  gallant  young  American  aviation 
officer,  who  has  just  had  a  most  dramatic  fall  in  an  American- 
made  machine,  m  which,  although  he  escaped  with  his  life,  he 
was  severely  injured,  told  one  of  the  editors  of  this  journal  that 
all  the  American  fliers  on  this  side  distrust  the  structural 
strength  of  this  particular  machine.  What  can  possibly  be  worse 
for  the  morale  of  our  Aviation  Corps  ?  To  supply  our  fliers  with 
machines  in  which  the^  have  no  faith  because  they  have  tried 
them  and  discovered  thrar  weakness  is  nothing  less  tJban  a  crime. 
We  have  done  wonders  with  our  man  power.  Our  soldiers 
are  the  best  in  the  world.  Our  training  camps  have  been  a 
complete  success.  The  knowledge  and  practice  of  the  art  and 
science  of  fighting  shown  by  our  soldiers  and  sailors  have  been 
unsurpassed  in  mstory.  llieir  mechanical  equipment  ought  to 
be  of  the  very  best,  and  t^e  United  States  is  capable  of  pro- 
dudng  the  very  best  if  the  production  is  properly  organized  and 
directed.  We  r^ret  to  have  to  say  that  the  country  will  hold 
Secretary  Baker  personally  responsible  for  the  collapse  of  our 
aircraft  programme.  He  has  resisted  the  formation  of  a  single 
department  with  a  Cabinet  head.  The  President  ought  not 
to  permit  this  resistance  any  longer.  As  Commander-in-Chief 
of  the  Army  and  Navy  President  Wibon  is  entitied  to  the  pro- 
found thanks  of  this  country  for  his  remarkable  accomplish- 
ments in  organizing  the  largest,  finest,  and  most  efficient  body 
of  fighting  men  tha^  any  republic  has  ever  sent  to  war.  By  using 
the  same  methods  in  producing  its  equipment  that  he  has  used 
in  organizing  this  Army  he  will  add  to  tne  debt  of  gratitude  his 
country  already  owes  to  him.  We  wish  that  the  President  might 
realize  this  and  create  a  Bpecial  department  with  a  man  of  powec 
and  authority  at  its  head.  This  is  the  only  effective  remedy  ror  the 
War  Dmiartment's  present  failure  in  airpUne  production.  To 
put,  as  Secretary  Baker  has  now  done,  the  matter  in  the  hands 
of  an  Assistant  Secretary  of  War  is  something,  but  not  enough. 


WHAT    THE    IRISH    WISH 

A  subscriber  asks  us  to  tell  our  readers  in  dear  and  simple 
terms  what  the  Irish  wish.  Impossible  I  For  they  do  not  them- 
selves know  what  they  wish.  The  British  Government  asked 
them  to  meet  in  .convention  and  formulate  their  wish  that  it 
might  be  presented  to  Parliament.  They  met  in  convention, 
and,  after  several  weeks  of  debate,  adjourned  without  being  able 
to  reach  any  conclusion.  Individually  Irishmen  wish  inconsis- 
tent things,  collectively  they  can  agree  upon  no  common  expres- 
sion of  a  united  desire.  What  one  group  eagerly  demands  another 
group  as  eagerly  abhors ;  what  one  group  regards  as  evidently 
rig^t  another  group  passionately  denounces  as  palpably  wrong. 

Roughly  sp«iking,  tiie  Irish  may  be  divided  politioiilly  into 
three  groups. 

One  group  desires  Irish  independence.  John  Devoy,  an 
Irish  Fenian,  defined  their  wish  over  forty  years  ago  in  the 
following  sentence :  "  The  recovery  of  Irehmd's  national  inde- 

gmdence,  and  the  severance  of  ul  political  connection  with 
ngluid."  The  Sinn  Feiners  of  to-day  are  the  successors  of 
t^e  Fenians  of  the  last  century.   Independence  is  tiieir  wish. 

A  second  group  desire  home  rule,  but  not  independence. 
They  desire  to  remain  a  part  of  Qreat  Britian,  entitied  to  her 
protection  and  to  a  share  in  the  Imperial  Government  But 
they  desire  an  Irish  Parliament  to  manage  Irish  affairs,  with 
tile  right  of  regulating  "  all  matters  relating  to  the  internal 
affairs  of  Ireland."  These  are  the  Nationalists. 

The  third  group  wish  to  leave  well  enough  alone.  They 
desire  no  constitutional  change  in  the  relation  of  Ireland  to 
Great  Britain.  One  of  their  number  has  thus  defined  their 
wish :  "  The  business  men  of  Ulster  are  generally  indined  to 
censure  the  Government  for  too  much  weakness  and  vacillation 
in  enforcing  the  law.  We  want  a  settied  policy  that  will  insist 
on  punishing  crime  and  supporting  the  law." 

The  conflicts  between  these  three  groups  are  due  in  part  to 
prejudices  inherited  from  the  past ;  in  part  to  diffei«noes  in 
racial  temperaments ;  in  part  to  a  difference  in  relitdoas  faith. 
In  general  the  first  group  are  Roman  Catholics  and  Cdts,  and 
live  in  the  southern  part  of  Ireland ;  the  third  group  are  Prot- 
estants, descendants  of  an  English  colony  planted  m  Ireland 
in  the  reien  of  Henry  the  Eighth,  and  live  in  the  northern  part 
of  Ireland;  the  mid^e  group  occupy  a  position  midway  between 
the  fir^t  and  the  third,  and  include  Roman  Catholics  and  Protes- 
tants, Celts  and  Anglo-Saxons.  They  have  been  described  by  a 
recent  English  writer  as  "  a  practical  party  taking  what  they 
could  get,  and  because  they  could  show  ostensible  results  they 
have  had  a  greater  following  in  Ireland  than  any  other  party. ' 

Irish  independence  would  oe  impossible  for  Great  Britain  and 
grossly  unjust  to  Ireland.  Shakespeare  truly  interprets  the 
Englishman's  estimate  of  his  native  land : 

"  This  pr«cioD8  stone  set  in  the  silver  sea, 
Whion  serves  it  in  the  office  of  a  wall 
Or  as  a  moat  defensive  to  a  house, 
Against  the  envy  of  leas  happier  lands." 

On  this  wall,  this  moat,  the  welfare,  if  not  the  existence,  of 
Great  Britain  depends.  How  could  England  consent  to  see  this 
wall  thrown  down,  this  moat  filled  up,  a  foreign  coimtry  in- 
habited by  a  hostile  people  planted  at  her  doors,  and  Ireland 
made  a  rallying-place  for  England's  enemies  and  Ireland's 
harbors  nests  for  U-boats  to  prey  upon  E^lish  commerce? 
Irish  independence,  impossible  for  England  to  ^^rant,  would  be 
disastrous  for  Ireland  to  receive.  For  it  would  give  Ireland  over 
to  factional  fights  and  resultinp^  anarchy.  Betore  the  English 
conquered  Ireland  and  established  in  that  unhappy  land  law 
and  order  ''  endless  civil  wars  distracted  the  island ;"  "  the 
feuds  of  the  Irish  septs  were  as  bitter  as  their  hatred  of  the 
stranger."  The  Church  shared  in  the  general  strife :  "  Feuds  and 
misrme  had  told  fatally  on  ecdesiastical  discipline ;"  "  the 
bishops  were  political  officers,  or  hard  fighters  like  the  chiefs 
around  them ;  their  sees  were  neglected,  their  cathedrals  aban- 
doned to  decay ;  through  whole  dioceses  the  churches  lay  in 
ruins  and  withont  priests."  So  long  as  the  present  feuds  between 
the  Irish  factions  continue,  so  long  as  the  Irish  meeting  iu  con- 
stitutional convention  cannot  agree  on  any  common  plan  for 
self-govenuneut,  so  long  as  souUiem  Ireland  invites  German 

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THE   OUTLOOK 


invasion  against  England's  rale,  and  northern  Ireland  threatens 
armed  revolt  against  Irish  rule,  and  the  Church  continues  to 
foment  bitter  strife  between  the  factions,  so  long  it  is  certain 
that  independence  would  bring  upon  Ireland  -the  civil  wars  of 
the  past,  and  England  would  be  compelled  to  interfere  in  order 
to  re-establish  law  and  order. 

Home  Rule  has  much  to  commend  it.  Americans  are  used  to 
local  self-government  and  instinctively  desire  for  other  peoples 
what  has  proved  so  great  a  boon  to  their  own  land.  But  there 
are  serious  practical  difficulties  which  have  hithertd  prevented 
the  establishment  of  local  self-government-  for  Ireland.  The 
relation  of  Scotland,  Wales,  Engknd,  and  Ireland  to  each  other 
is  more  like  that  of  the  counties  in  one  of  our  States  than  like 
that  of  the  States  in  the  Union.  One  Parliament-  legislates  for 
all  four  countries.  To  leave  Ireland  without  itepresentation  in 
Parliament  would  deprive  her  of  all  part  in  the  great  affairs  of 
the  nation.  To  leave  her  representatives  in  Parliament  and  at 
the  same  time  create  an  Irish  Parliament  to  govern  in  local 
matters  would  give  Ireland  authority  t)ver  such  questions  as  the 
land  tax,  the  housing  of  the  poor,-  tlie  ^regulation  of  the  liquor 
traffic,  conditions  of  suffrage,  ahd.  the  like  for  the  English 
people,  while  the  English  people  Would  have  no  authority 
respecting  similar  matters  in  the  government  of  Ireland,  'u) 
the  American  a  federal  system  in  which  every  component  part 
of  the  British  Empire  should  have  some  share  in  uie  Imperial 
government  and  each  colony  and  province  should  have  independ- 
ent authority  in  local  l^isiation  seems  an  ideal.  But  to  expect 
the  English  people  to  undertake  so  radical  a  reconstruction  of 
the  British  Empire  while  this  war  is  absorbing  all  their  thoughts 
and  energy  is  not  reasonable. 

And  yet  the  America^  cannot  agree  with  those  who,  whether 
Irish  or  English,  think  no  change  m  the  constitutional  relations 
of  England  and  Ireland  is  desirable.  It  is  true  that  the  injus- 
tice of  England's  rule  is  a  thing  of  the  past ;  it  is  true,  as  our 
contributor  Charles  Johnston  told  oxA  readers  in  The  Outlook 
of  week  before  last,  that. "the  wrongs  of  Ireland  haVe  long 
since  ceased  to  exist  except  on  pa\)er  or  in  the  chattel?  of  poli- 
ticians." Nevertheless  good  government  is  not  a  substitute  for 
self-government.  Self-government  is  the  passion  of  the  age.  We 
are  demanding  it  in  America  for  our  cities  and  for  our  political 
prinuries.  Initiative,  referendum,  and  recall  are  all  extensions 
of  the  ininciple  of  self-government  Women  demand  the  ballot, 
not  because  government  is  bad,  but  because  they  wish  a  share 
in  the  self-government  of  the  state.  Even  the  children  ate  eager 
to  take  part  in  the  government  of  their  schools.  And  twenty* 
three  civilized  nations  are  engaged  to-day,  at  an  incredible  sacri- 
fice, in  fighting  to  make  it  possible  for  those  nations  which  believe 
in  self-government  to  establish  and  maintain  it  Ireland  will 
never  be  at  peace  until  England  finds  some  way  in  which  to 
unite  local  self-government  in  the  island  with  a  share  in  tlie 
national  government  of  the  Empire.  This  is  her  problem.  The 
lamentable  failure  of  the  Irish  Home  Rule  Convention  has 
not  been  witiiout  its  uses,  for  it  ha^emonstrated  that  the  Irish 
people  cannot  agree  upon  any  solfmon  of  the  Irish  problem, 
and  they  have  by  their  failure  effectually,"  though  unintention- 
ally and  unconsciously,  tiirust  the  responsibility  of  finding  a 
solution  of  that  problem  back  on  the  people  of  Great  Britain. 


THE    POEMS    OF   JOYCE    KILMER 

There  are  two  kinds  of  poetry — the  static  and  the  dynamic, 
the  pictorial  and  the  evocative,  the  expository  and  the  creative. 
The  one  tells  the  whole  story,  and  the  reader  praises  or  yawns  j 
the  other  gives  a  hint,  and  with  a  Sudden,  unexpected  analogy 
or  ima^native  flash  stirs  the  reader's  imagination  to  complete 
the  vision  according  to  the  experience  and  the  needs  of  his  own 
spirit  Static  poetry  is  really  not  poetry  at  all.  It  is  prose  for 
one  reason  or  another  set  to  dubious  music.  It  is  important 
only  when  it  is  a  path  leading  to  the  top  of  the  mountain  where 
the  view  is ;  or  when  it  is  a  spring-boa^  from  which  the  swim- 
mer  dives  off  into  the  deep  pool.  Even  in  the  greatest  poets  the 
percentage  of  lines  that  are  static  and  those  that  are  djmamic — 
the  percentage,  that  is,  of  pedestrian  prose  and  winged  poetry — 
is  a  nundred  to  one.  We  plow  through  the  hundred  Imee  and 
keep  our  Miltons  and  our  Wordsworths  complete  in  ten  volumes 


on  our  shelves  for  the  overwhelming  wonder  of  that  hundred 
and  first 

Joyce  Kilmer,  who  died  heroically  in  France  early  in  AoiJ^oBt, 
was  in  no  sense  a  great  poet  The  greater  part  of  his  two  or 
three  slender  volumes  is  not  poetry  at  all,  as  ne,  who  was  a  keen 
and  just  critic,  would  be  the  first  to  admit  It  is  verse  of 
charm  and  tenderness  and  whim,  now  humorous,  now  devotional, 
always  sincere^  sane,  wholesome^  vigorous,  courageous.  It  re- 
veals a-  man  one  would  have  loved  to  know,  a  man  with  more 
than  a  touch  of  Eugene  Field  and  Whitcomb  Riley,  praising 
the  homely  things  they  praised,  revealing  the  gentie  tolerance 
they  knew.  He  sings  of  the  "  Twelve-Forty-five  "  rushing  past 
Patei"8on,  whose 

''  foolish  warring  children  keep 
The  grateful  armistice  of  sleep." 

He  sings  of  the  delicatessen-nmn  and  of  the  "  Servant  Girl  and 
Grocer  s  Boy :" 

"  Her  lips*  remark  was :  '  Oh,  you  kid !' 
Her  soul  spoke  thus  (I  know  it  did)  : 

*  O  king  of  realms  of  endless  joy, 
My  own,  my  golden  grocer's  boy, 

I  am  A  princess  forced  to  dwell 
Within  a  lonely  kitchen  cell, 

While  yon  go  dashing  through  the  land 
With  loTeliness  on  every  hand,' " 

and  so  forth.  He  sings  of  "  Main  Street "  and  of  "  Dave  Lilly," 
the  drunkard  and  ne'er-do-well  whose  ghost  still  fishes  the 
fished-out  streams  on  the  sides  of  Greyu>ck ;  he  sings  of  the 
deserted  house,  the  "  house  with  the  broken  heart ; '  of  the 
snow  man  the  children  made  in  the  front  yard.  He  sings  of  the 
poet's 

*'  unappeasable  hunger 
For  unattainable  food," 

and  of  the  eager  soul^s  reaching  out  for  Christ  In  quiet,  musi- 
cal 'measures  he  sings  of  the  common  experiences  of  common 
men. 

Yet  it  is-not  because  of  these  snatches  of  tancj  or  whim  or 
religious  fervor  that  a  lover  of  poetry  will  in  these  furious  times 
call  upon  his  harried  fellow-men  to  pay  tribute  to  this  poet 
buried  in  a  forest  in  France.  It  is  rather  in  spite  of  tiiem  that 
we  praise  him.  For  these  poems  are  static.  They  tell  what  there 
Lb  to  tell ;  we  commend  or  we  yawn  ;  we  pass  on ;  we  are  not 
kindled. 

But  that  is  not  the  end.  Twice  in  his  brief  career  this  gallant 
and  graceful  spirit,  whose  poetry  was,  in  the  main,  the  frail  and 
imitative  poetry  of  journahsm,  came  face  to  face,  once  with  the 
wonder  and  once  with  the  teiTor  of  life,  and  was  moved  to 
create.  He  looked  at  a  tree  and  made  a  great  discovery,  and  no 
one  who  has  read  the  poem  that  Joyce  Kilmer  made  in  celebra- 
tion will  ever  look  in  wonder  at  a  tree  again  without  remember- 
ing what  Kilmer  said  of  it  and  of  its  brethren : 

«  TREES 

« I  think  that  I  shall  never  see 
A  poem  lovely  as  a  tree. 

A  tree  whose  hungry  month  is  preat 
Against  the  earth^  sweet  flowing  breast ; 

A  tree  that  looks  at  God  all  day 
And  lifts  her  leafy  arms  to  pray ; 

A  tree  that  may  in  summer  wear 
A  nest  of  robins  in  her  hair ; 

Upon  whose  bosom  snow  has  lain, 
Who  intimately  lives  with  rain. 

Poems  are  made  by  fools  like  me, 
But  only  God  can  make  a  tree." 

When  the  Lusitania  was  sunk,  Joyce  Kilmer  was  for  a 
second  time  shaken  to  the  depths,  and  in  "  The  White  Ships 
and  the  Red"  wrote  a  ringing  ballad  of  dismay  and  anger 
that  was  clear,  powerful,  and  imaginative.  By  these  two  poems 
the  people  of  the  days  to  come  will  remember  Joyce  Kilmer. 
His  heroic  death  for  a  great  cause  will  give  them  an  added 
touch  of  beauty.  But  they  do  not  need  a  fortuitous  circumstanoe 
to  make  them  memorable.  They  stand  by  themselves. 


Digitized  by  VJWVJV  iC 


PHILADELPHIA  AND  THE  "LIBERTY  SING" 


*  T  TNDER  the  sharp  necessity  of  organiziiig  exert  element 
I  I  of  the  National  life  for  winning  the  war,  of  creating 
\^  vast  stores  of  food  and  munitions,  and  insuring  their 
utmost  efficiency  by  instilling  the  spirit  of  victory  into  those 
who  make  them  and  dioee  who  use  them,  the  Government  of  the 
United  States  has  given  official  recognition,  for  the  first  time 
In  its  history,  to  the  art  of  music.  '  Everybody  sing '  is  die  order 
which  has  gone  out  from  official  Washington.  And  it  is  being 
executed,  not  in  the  spirit  of  docile  obedience,  but  in  the  high 
enthusiasm  with  which  men  gratify  a  need  long  felt." 

So  writes  Mr.  Harold  P.  Quickwll  to  The  Outlook,  and  adds 
that  the  Government's  espousal  of  music  is  significant  not  only 
as  a  war  measure  but  as  an  Important  milestone  in  the  progress 
of  American  musical  culture.  Ever  since  the  establishment  of 
skilled  symphony  orchestras  here,  he  says,  America  has  been 
gathering  repute  as  a  "  musical  Nation."  Various  responsible 
agencies  nave  computed  in  recent  years  that  the  American  peo- 
ple are  expending  annually  for  the  making  of  music  upwards 
of  $600,000,000.  Few  European  artists  of  distinction  of  the  last 
few  decades  have  failed  to  display  their  art  in  American  cities, 
and  since  1914  New  York  City  has  without  question  been  the 
musical  capital  of  the  world. 

The  American  people  love  to  hear  music  well  performed, 
and  they  pay  miUums  in  cold  cash  for  the  best.  They  care 
enough  for  music  to  beckon  across  the  Atlantic  the  most  talented 
performers  that  Europe  can  train.  But,  as  Mr.  Quicksall  points 
out,  they  have  not  taken  music  seriously  enough  as  an  art  to 
vote  public  funds  for  its  encouragement. 

Now,  however,  in  the  second  year  of  its  war,  the  United  States 
Government  has  set  in  motion  comprehensive  machinery  for 


setting  the  American  people  to  making  music  themselves,  not 
merely  listening  to  others  make  it. 

And  this,  as  Mr.  Quicksall  shows,  is  for  the  very  practical 
purpose  of  revealing  ibe  National  soul  to  itself,  of  firmg  it  with 
vigor  and  steeling  it  to  meet  triumph  and  trouble  with  unbend- 
ing will. 

Professor  Spalding's  recent  article  in  The  Outlook  on  singing 
in  cantonments,  showing  the  high  place  in  which  these  **  sings  ' 
are  held  by  the  men  both  in  camp  and  at  the  front,  proves  the 
inseparable  relationship  of  music  and  war. 

Tne  illustration  prmted  above  calls  attention  to  the  em- 
phasis of  that  relationship  by  community  singing.  To-day  the 
people  of  Philadelphia  are  singing  in  their  homes,  in  small 
groups  about  their  doorsteps,  in  their  theaters,  and  in  throngs 
ten  thousand  strong  in  their  parks  and  public  squares. 

Mr.  Quicksall  informs  us  uiat  recently  some  twelve  hundred 
sailors  and  Marines  from  the  Philadelphia  Navy  Yard  man>he<l 
to  the  City  Hall  and  to  a  reproduction  of  the  mrtholdi  Liberty 
Statue  (which  one  notes  in  the  illustration),  where  a  crowd  of 
many  thousands  awaited  them.  They  had  a  Liberty  Sing.  The 
enlisted  men  sang  like  a  trained  chorus.  The  public  sang.  Then 
both  groups  sang  together. 

In  Philadelphia,  so  ]^.  Quicksall  savs,  the  opera,  theater, 
or  vaudeville  performailbs  are  not  infrequently  interrupted 
wbUe  a  leader  appears  before  the  curiam  and  conducts  a 
Liberty  Sing.  You  meet  singing  bands  on  the  Philadelphia 
streets,  and  the  Philadelphian's  mncheon  club  is  quite  certain 
not  to  disperse  without  giving  voice  to  "The  Long,  Long 
Trail "  or  "Keep  the  Home  Fires  Burning;." 

The  aircraft  factory  in  the  Philadelphia  Navy  Yard,  Mr. 

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14 


THE   OUTLOOK 


4  Septemlr 


QuicksaD  adds,  has  its  specially  drilled  chorus  and  the  Ilrlariiie 
bands  are  trained  to  a  nigh  state  of  efficiency.  Lay  musical 
organizations  journey  to  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  *'  hut "  at  the  Navy 
Yard  to  give  entertainments  for  the  enlisted  men.  At  the 
noon  hour  the  employees  in  some  of  the  mills  gather  to  singf-the 
songs  that  the  enlisted  men  and  the  public  alue  have  come  to 
reliui. 

This  is,  however,  hardly  devdopine  a  new  idea  so  much  as  it  is 
adapting  an  old.  It  is  shaping  the  idea  and  practice  of  oommn* 
nity  singing  to  its  purpose  of  strengthening  war-time  morale. 
Doubtless  we  Philadelphia  public  would  not  have  accepted  the 
Liberty  Sing  so  readily  had  it  not  been  accustomed  to  the 
Community  oing.    At  the  first  of  a  series  of  Sunday  Com- 
munity Sings  hdid  last  summer  by  Mr.  Albert  Hozie,  one  of 
the  pioneers  of  community  music,  some  three  thousand  residents 
of  the  city  district  were  present ;  at  the  last  there  were  at  least 
ten  thousand.    Such  a  preparation  represented  weeks  of  work 
saved  for  the  Liberty  Smg  Commission. 
i     It  is  probably  die  realization  of  this  fact  which  has  impelled 
tthe  Government  officials  responsible   for  the  promotion   of 
rthe  National  programme  to  signify  their  intention  of  dnplioat. 
}  ing  the  Philadelphia  organization  and  methods  in  other  cities. 
Liberty  Sings  are,  after  all,  applied  Community  Sings.    This 
realization  has  g^one  far  towards  claiming  thepnrpoee  and 
rendering  true  the  aim  of  "  Singing  to  Win  the  War.' 

For,  as  Mr:  Quicksall  affirms,  community  mosic  leaders  have 

.(teamed  certain  primary  lessons.   They  have  learned  that  the 

charms  of  music — and  hence  its  effects — are  largely  bound  up 


with  understanding  and  association  ;  that  great,  simile  mW 
of  overwhelming  power  and  breadth  of  dignity,  like  t^e  Rnssis 
national  anthem,  for  instance,  is  not  to  be  found  for  the  lookb,- 
or  written  for  the  asking.  They  have  learned  that  the  noisis 
ragtime  air  often  voices  the  emotions  of  millions. 

So  t^  heads  of  the  movement,  says  Mr.  Quicksall,  "  hif- 
wisely  parted  company  wit^  the  dwindliug  group  of  oammaskT 
music  leaders  who  would  either  start  their  smging  with  daasoa 
music  or  adhere  through  all  time  to  the  son^  of  Stephrai  Foete 
They  have  recognized  the  middle  ground.  Their  numerons  taa 
booklets  constantly  include  new  numbers — the  songs  the  peo{]( 
would  ultimately  sing  in  their  homes  and  on  the  streets  whetbti 
or  not  they  received  official  recc^^ition.  And  their  pn^TamiB 
is  empirically  correct" 

It  is  evident,  we  hope,  that  in  planting  the  Liberty  Sn 
in  every  city,  town,  aiid  village  of  the  Nation  the  United  State 
Government  is  making  substantial  progress  in  the  solntiffli  < 
two  National  problems.  As  Mr.  Quiclmall  says:  **No  dint 
testimony  hum  enlisted  men  or  the  folks  they  leave  behind  i 
necessary  to  prove  the  inspiriting  values  under  the  stress  of  m 
of  a  Liberty  avaf^ ;  it  is  only  necessary  to  look  into  the  nptuina 
faces  of  any  audience  and  heed  the  volume  of  sound  it  tnunde 
forth." 

We  hope  that  the  Philadelphia  idea  of  Liberty  singini 
founded  on  community  singing,  will  spread  to  every  one  of  <m 
cities  and  towns.  Every  one  needs  the  war  value  of  a  Libetti 
Sine.  Every  one  needs,  through  a  Community  Sing,  the  deq 
imiJanting  of  the  gennine  spirit  of  song. 


VACATIONS  DE   LUXE  FOR  AMERICAN  SOLDIERS  IN 

FRANCE 

BY  JOSEPH   H.  ODELL 

SPECIAL  CORRESPONDENT  OF  THE  OUTLOOK   IN  FRANCE 


LONG  stretches  of  monottmous  labor  of  an  nn&miliar  kind, 
amid  uninspiring  conditions,  far  removed  from  all  the 
accustomed  compensations,  imrelieyed  by  the  normal  inter- 
ludes  of  domestic  relaxation — such  is  the  lot  of  the  overwhelming 
majority  of  our  soldiers  in  France. 

Some  of  them  fight  and  will  fight,  bnt  even  with  t^e  infantry 
and  artillery  the  glorious  red  moments  of  delirious  warfare  are 
rare.  They  may  be  in  the  trenches  for  weeks  before  the  fateful 
whistie  blows  some  morning  in  the  gray  of  dawn.  There  are 
weary,  weary  hours  of  watehing,  days  of  digging,  weeks  of  snail- 
like movement  toward  the  front  lines,  months  of  back-tiring  and 
soul-tiring  training.  The  romance  and  glamour  and  intoxication 
are  all  crowded  into  a  brief  but  gorgeous  fraction  of  time  which 
is  the  heroic  epoch  of  the  indiyidual  and  the  Nation. 

Back  of  those  sacred  and  sanguinary  front  lines  streteh  innu- 
"merable  camps,  big  and  little — away  back,  right  through  France 
to  the  Alps,  the  Mediterranean,  or  the  Atlantic.  And  there  the 
men  work,  work,  work,  in  glue-like  mud  or  gray  dust,  until  the 
'  soul  within  them  grows  sm^  and  hard  and  bitter.  They  came 
out  here  with  valor  beating  like  a  triumphant  chant  in  their 
hearts  ;  what  religion  they  originally  possessed  had  turned  to  a 
passionate  romance ;  what  patriotism  they  had  known  was  keyed 
to  the  clarion  blast  of  self-forgetfvd  combat.  They  landed  in 
France  as  a  host  of  heroes,  with  hardly  a  reluctant  or  timid 
spirit  among  them.  They  would  have  fought  at  any  moment, 
singly  or  as  divisions,  witjb  all  their  equipment  or  with  their 
bare  fists  ;  but  throughout  all  the  weary  months  they  have  had 
to  work.  Work  I  Just  work !  Erecting  camps,  building  camps, 
transporting  suppliei,  felling  forests,  digging  experimental 
trenches,  making  aviation  fi^ds — rough,  common,  monotonous 
work,  but  the  kind  of  work  which  will  win  the  war. 

So  they  grow  tired  and  homesick  and  self-despising.  When 
men  fall  into  such  a  state,  they  lose  morale.  It  cannot  be 
explained  to  each  and  every  one  of  them,  in  terms  that  spray 
inspiration  over  their  jaded  lives,  that  they  are  really  winning 
the  war.  No  one  can  turn  the  tadcs  of  the  bakers,  the  sawmifi 


operators,  the  qnulennaster's  box-bearers,  the  pick  and  shovd 
gang,  the  transport  mechanics,  into  so  many  hundreds  of  thog 
sands  of  perpetual  epics.  The  men  simply  grow  stale  and  sullen 
they  continue  to  work,  but  there  is  no  elation  in  their  labot 
they  continue  to  live,  hut  there  is  nothing  spontaneous  in  thei 
living. 

How  to  relieve  them,  to  reinvigorate  them,  that  has  been  th 
question.  Their  lot  is  inevitable ;  ninety-nine  oue-hundrcdtli 
of  an  army's  life  must  be  humdrum  and  inglorious.  How  t 
save  their  bodies,  their  minds,  their  souls — that  is  the  spirituj 
problem  of  the  military  command.  And,  above  all,  democnc 
dare  not  fail  in  the  attempted  solution.  If  our  men  should  sini 
to  the  level  of  mercenaries,  democracy  would  have  lost  itself  ■ 
trying  to  save  itself. 

Thus  the  question  of  vacations  for  our  soldiers  became  avid 
problem,  inseparably  connected  with  the  winning  of  the  m 
and  indissolubly  a  part  of  our  mission  to  humanity.  After  montb 
of  circumscrilied  toil  our  men  must  have  a  rest,  and  such  a  rei 
as  can  bring  back  the  best  and  sweetest  elements  of  their  horn 
life.  It  must  be  sane  and  wholesome,  but,  above  all,  it  mm 
reach  beyond  the  muscles  and  into' the  brain  and  heart.  On 
French  allies  can  go  home  on  leave  and  live  again  for  a  f^ 
days  with  their  loved  ones  amid  the  vineyards  or  on  the  bout 
vards,  in  the  country  they  adore  or  the  city  of  which  they  ar 
enamored.  All  over  France  I  have  seen  the  poilu  on  lean 
sitting  at  his  doorstep  or  in  a  caf^  with  his  dear  ones  aUn 
him,  and  every  one  so  happy. 

Our  British  cousins  go  back  to  "  Bliehty  "  for  a  few  dap 
and  even  the  colonials  feel  that  England  is  next  door  to  homi 
But  to  our  troops  home  is  impossible.  Some  of  them  have  bea 
over  here  for  more  than  a  year,  and,  much  as  they  may  admii 
France,  its  ways  are  still  strange  to  them  and  its  pleasures  d 
never  be  theirs.  So  the  American  military  authorities  ai 
establishing  "  leave  areas,"  into  which  our  men  can  go  for  br» 
vacations  and  where  they  will  find  such  relaxations  as  will  tal 
away  their  war  weariness,  their  homesickness,  tJieir  feeling  i 

Digitized  by  Va\^*^V  IV^ 


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THE  OUTLOOK 


15 


idividoal  futility,  or  whatever  self-revulsion  may  have  gathered 
1  their  hearts  during  the  months  of  inglorious  and  grueling 
ihoT. 

Savoy,  with  Aix-les-Bains  as  the  center,  has  been  established 
s  the  first  "  leave  area."  The  entire  scheme  seemed  to  me  to  be 
9  reasonable  and  so  necessary  that  I  spent  four  days  in  Aix 
1  order  to  see  for  myself  how  ibe  men  responded.  In  the  first 
lace,  Aix  is  the  Mecca,  in  times  of  peace,  of  European  royal- 
ies,  big  and  little,  and  American  miOionaires.  For  situation  it 
)  a  place  beyond  description.  All  around  us  are  the  noble  peaks 
f  the  Frendi  Alps.  The  town  lies  dose  to  the  turquoise  waters 
f  Lake  Bourget ;  historical  monuments  abound  even  back  to 
Cannibal's  Pass,  through  which  the  •  intrepid  general  led  his 
lephants ;  in  the  town  the  hotels  are  imsurmssed  anywhere 
1  Europe — vast  and  sumptuous  palaces ;  the  Casino  (now  the 
eadquarters  of  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.)  has  long  been  second  only  to 
rlonte  Carlo  for  gayety,  brilliance,  and  gambling ;  the  thermal 
aths  are  world  famous ;  and  the  parks  and  walks  are  places  of 
efined  beauty. 

Nothing  is  too  good  for  the  American  soldier.  He  may  come 
rom  a  rude  cabm  in  a  clearing  on  the  slope  of  a  Tennessee 
lountain,  or  from  a  tiny  frame  cottage  in  a  squat  Middle  West 
illage,  or  from  a  tenement  in  the  purlieus  of  one  of  our  vast 
ities,  but  he  walks  and  lives  and  acts  like  a  king  in  gorgeous 
Lix-les-Bains.  (Three  enlisted  men  are  now  billeted  in  the  royal 
uite  once  occupied  by  Queen  Victoria.)  The  military  authori- 
ies  have  leased  three-quarters  of  all  the  hotel  acconunodation 
f  Aix  and  the  vicinity  for  our  soldiers.  Not  only  is  their  trans- 
ortation  furnished  by  the  Army,  but  their  board  and  lodging 
re  also  paid,  and  they  live  as  well  as  any  one  need  wish  to  live 
n  this  earth.  Do  they  appreciate  it  ?  Yes,  in  a  way.  There  is 
o  groveling  gratitude ;  they  simply  take  it  all  as  if  it  was  theirs 
y  right,  as  if  they  had  earned  it — which  indeed  they  have, 
i'hose  who  are  entirely  unfamiliar  with  such  splendor  quickly 
ind  their  feet  and  move  about  among  it  all  unabashed. 

But  it  must  not  be  thought  that  French  fashion  and  beauty 
ave  entirely  abandoned  the  place.  The  elite  are  still  here,  and 
lingle  freely  with  our  men  on  the  streets,  in  the  parks  and 
laces  of  amusement.  There  is  no  incongruity.  Our  men  behave 
s  gentlemen,  and  in  the  four  days  of  my  visit  here  I  have  not 
ien  a  single  element  or  sembUmce  of  vulgar  rowdjrism  on  the 
art  of  the  American  soldiers.  Trim  and  straight  and  with 
uiet  dignity  and  self-respect  they  move  about,  and  no  one  has 
luse  for  complaint.  Such  a  result,  however,  is  not  due  to 
bance.  If  hundreds  of  men  had  been  dumped  into  Aix,  or  any 
niilar  place,  with  no  occupation  but  to  sit  about  the  caf4s  or 
mm  the  streets,  there  would  have  been  trouble.  It  is  at  this 
oint  that  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  emerges  in  a  most  important  role, 
forking  hand  in  hand  with  the  military  authorities,  the  Y 
racticafiy  takes  over  the  lives  of  the  men  from  t^e  moment  diey 
rrive  in  Aix. 

First  and  foremost — incidentaUy,  one  of  the  boldest  things 
ay  philanthropic  institution  has  ever  done — the  Y.  M.  C.  A. 
as  taken  over  the  magnifioent  world-famous  Casino  for  the 
eriod  of  the  war.  We  have  nothing  in  America  to  compare 
ith  the  Casino,  with  its  acres  of  ballrooms,  assembly  halls, 
imbling-rooms,  concert  piazzas,  covered  terraces,  etc.  There  is 

theater  in  the  building  capable  of  holding  one  thousand 
Bople ;  and  dining-rooms  and  reading-rooms  and  approaches 
inumerable,  through  beautifully  developed  gardens,  with  foun- 
lins  and  lawns  and  green  bowers.  Now  it  all  belongs  to  the 
.  M.  C.  A.  for  the  benefit  of  the  American  soldier  on  vaca- 
on. 

Workmg  in  ihis  center  there  are  seventeen  Y.  M.  C.  A.  male 
«retarie8,  and  about  twen^'^ve  Y.  M.  C.  A.  women.  These 
ispire  and  guide  and  control  the  social  life  of  the  place.  There 

something  going  on  all  the  while  to  meet  the  taste  of  the  most 
osiroilar  men :  movies  in  one  room,  vaudeville  in  another,  a 
uive  in  a  third,  a  billiard  tournament  in  a  fourth,  while  tJie 
lyers  and  library  and  writing  and  dining  rooms  are  also  abuzz 
ith  soldiers.  On  one  evening  the  men  had  a  choice  between 
ladame  R^jane  playing  in  "  Sans-Gene,"  a  movie,  or  a  dance. 
n  Sunday  evening,  following  a  religious  song  service,  the  men 
raid  choose  between  a  movie  and  a  concert.  The  concert,  exoel- 
ntly  rendered,  was  patronize<l  far  more  liberally  than  the 
ovie,  and,  when  the  programme  is  considered,  it  is  a  great  com- 


pliment to  the  taste  of  the  American  soldier.  The  men  enjoyed 
every  piece,  judging  by  the  applause.  Here  is  the  programme 
just  as  it  was  distributed : 


Y.M.C.A.   GRAND  CERCLE-AIX-LES-BAraS.    T.M.C.A. 

DiaoaeA*  tl  Juittet  1918,  a  9  katrtt 

SOIREE  MUSICALE 

Orehaitra  wiia  Is  dinotion  da  U.  QKiiALD  RcncouM 

Soluta 

MxB.  MAOSI.SIKK  Cabon,  Contndto.    Mhe.  Mabtha  Rshxvmox,  Pimniita 

de*  ConoerU  Lamoiinilx 
Ma.  Got  Mauk,  Piakistb 


PROQRAilME 


0r0HB8TBB 

a)  Hymne  Beige 

6)  S^nade  &Ck>lamt)iiM  PUni 

e)  Ao  Bord  de  U  Mer     DwMar 

MuK.  Martha  RmnresaoK 

a)  Lie  Coaoon  (Caokoo)    Daqmn 

b)  RomoDoe  Faitrt 
e)  Rh^paodie  n.  11  lint 


Obohkstbk 


Qrieg 


Peer  Gynt  (Snite) 

1.  Le  Matin  (Monnngr) 

2.  La  Mort  d'An  (Am's  DeMh) 

3.  L«  Danoa  d' Anita 

(Anitn'i  Daaoe) 

4.  Danoe  Is  Halle  da  Roide  Montaigne 
(1b  the  HaU  of  the  Monntain  King) 


Mnb.  Masblbkb  Cabok  Hh.  Gut  Maikk 

a)  A  Toi  Bemberg  £tnde  en  Forme  de  Valie 

6)  Trate  eat  le  Steppe     Orttckamnow  (A  Study  in  Walts  Style) 

e)  Len  Fte  Smnt-Sahu 

Mmb.  Madbudkb  Cabom  Obchbstbb 

a)  La  Cloche  Saint-8a!in$  Daoae  Macabre  (Oanee  Maicabre)  . 

6)  Aria  de  Samaon  et  Dalila  (Poime  Symphoniqne) 


In  the  matter  of  outdoor  sports  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  controls,  by 
arrangement  or  lease,  practically  all  the  facilities  of  the  region. 
During  his  eight  days'  vacation,  at  the  very  minimum  ooe^  the 
soldier  may  take  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  steamer  up  Lake  Bourget  to 
tiie  rare  old  monastery  where  the  Dukes  of  Savoy  lie  buried ; 
he  may  go  by  train  to  the  summit  of  Mount  Revard,  from  which 
the  snow-clad  peak  of  Mont  Blanc  seems  only  a  stone's  throw 
away,  and  from  which  point  also  he  can  look  across  into  both 
Switzerland  and  Italy  and  down  upon  the  Chartreuse,  and  trace 
the  lines  of  several  glaciers ;  he  may  go  by  train,  bicycle,  or  on 
foot  (always  person^y  conducted  and  instructed  by  a  Y  man) 
to  a  dozen  other  spots  of  natural  or  historic  beauty ;  he  may 
swim,  or  go  fishing,  or  play  tennis,  golf,  or  baseball ;  or,  if  he 
prefer  a  kss  strenuous  life,  he  may  lounge  in  the  gardens  or 
upon  the  terraces,  listening  to  band  concerts  or  meetmg  refined 
and  interesting  American  women  on  terms  of  equality  such  as 
he  knew  at  home.  Thus  a  soldier  can  have  any  type  of  vacation 
he  prefers,  but  always  one  that  will  refresh  and  strengthen  him, 
that  will  take  the  weariness  out  of  his  body  and  the  irritation 
frmn  his  mind,  and  charm  away  any  devil  that  is  infesting  lus 
spirit 

Aix-les-Buns  is  only  one  vacation  center.  Many,  many  more 
are  to  be  o^ned  rapidly.  I  visited  two  others,  one  of  them  an 
extremely  mteresting  spot — Chamb^ry,  the  capital  of  Savoy. 
It  is  the  center  from  which  the  Blue  Devils  come,  the  most 
feared  of  all  the  soldiers  of  France.  By  great  good  fortune  the 
Y.  M.  C.  A.  secured  the  chateau  of  the  Count  of  Boigne  for  its 
center,  much  of  the  furniture  being  left  in  the  famous  house. 
The  pictures  on  the  walls  have  been  gathered  and  loaned  by  a 
committee  of  citizens,  and  every  canvas  is  well  known  in  the 
salons  of  Europe.  Adjoining  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  ch&teau  is  the 
casUe  of  the  Kings  of  Italy,  belonging  to  the  Savoy  &mily  since 
the  year  1200.  Tha  espkjiade  of  this  castie  has  been  turned 
over  to  our  soldiers  by  the  Prtfet,  or  Governor,  of  Savoy,  to- 
gether with  several  tennis  courts  in  the  royal  grounds.  In  spite 
of  the  apparent  grandeur,  the  place  has  been  made  homelike. 
The  Y.  M.  C.  A.  ladies  cook  all  the  things  the  men  like  meet ; 
they  organize  dances,  games,  trips,  concerts,  etc.  One  of  the 
best  compliments  I  h^rd  to  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  in  France  was  in 
Chamb^ry,  where  I  was  told  that  the  demumondes  say  they 
cannot  understand  how  the  American  women  can  make  such  a 
wonderful  place  that  the  soldiers  are  utterly  indifferent  to  the 
illicit  pleasures  they  themselves  offer. 

The  work  of  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  in  the  front-line  trenches  u 
instinctive.  Any  one,  any  organization,  would  be  proud  to  give 


Digitized  by  VJ\^»^V  iC 


16 


THE   OUTLOOK 


4  Septcmir 


coBifort  and  aid  to  the  men  just  going  over  the  top  or  jttst 
retaming  from  the  fray.  It  iis  heroic  work,  but  it  is  instinctit'e 
and  elemental.  The  work  m  the  camps  and  boats  is  more  of  lees 
Mereotyped ;  necessarily  it  muse  be  so  in  order  to  fit  in  with  the 
Iroutine  of  the  day's  military  work.  But  here  in  the  "  leave  areas  " 
the  Y  work  is  shot  through  with  genius,  for  it  is  an  opportunity 
such  as  the  world  never  presented  before.   For  eight  days  the 


Y.  M.  C.  A.  is  home,  mother,  father,  pl^mate,  friend,  leads 
teacher,  oham,  and  servant  of  the  soldier.  Everything  that  braa 
can  devise  ot  money  secure  is  lavished  upon  these  tired  me. 
and  they  are  sent  back  to  their  units  h&ppier  and  stronger,  m\ 
ready  for  another  stretoh  of  drudgery  or  another  adventor 
with  death. 

Somewhere  in  Franoe,  Jnljr  88, 1918. 


JOYCE  KILMER 

AUGUST,  1918 
BY   AMELIA   JOSEPHINE   BURR 

Joyce  Kilmer,  a  nttdnate  of  Columbia  and  Rutgers,  a  member  of  the  staff  of  the  New  York  "  Times,"  himself  a  poet  of  achievement  w 
promise,  some  of  whose  verses  have  appeared  in  Tlie  Outlook,  was  a  serg^eant  in  the  American  Army  in  France,  where  he  was  killed  L 
action  in  August,  at  the  age  of  thirty-one,  leaving  a  wife  and  four  little  cnildren.  His  Lusitania  poem,  originally  published  In  the  "  Times 
was  widely  copied  in  the  United  States,  Great  Britain,  and  the  British  colonies.  An  estimate  of  his  poetry  appears  in  the  editorial  psgr 
of  this  issue. — ^The  Editobs. 


Surely  the  saints  you  loved  visibly  came 
To  welcome  you  that  day  in  Picardy — 
Stephen,  whose  dying  e^es  beheld  his  Lord, 
Michael,  a  living  blade  of  cr3rstal  flame. 
And  all  the  flower  of  heavenly  chivalry 


Smiling  upon  you,  calling  you  by  name. 
Leaving  your*  body  like  a  broken  sword, 
You  went  with  them — and  now  beyond  our  sight 
Still  in  the  ranks  of  Grod  you  sing  and  fight, 
For  death  to  you  was  one  more  victory. 


SHOULDER  STRAPS:  HOW  TO  WIN  AND  WEAR  THEM 

ESSENTIAL    MILITARY    QUALITIES    AND    HABITS 
BY   CHARLES    F.    MARTIN 

LIEUTENANT-COLONEL,   UNITED   STATES   CAVALRY 


It  is  not  only  to  officers,  or  those  about  to  become  officers,  tliat 
others. — ^The  Editors. 

SELF-CONTROL 

SELF-CONTROL,  or  self-government,  is  essential  in  exer- 
cising command.  A  commander  who  cannot  control  his 
emotions  of  anger,  excitement,  ete.,.  or  who  is  swayed  by 
his  impulses  of  vanity,  egotism,  ambition,  or  personal  prejudices, 
cannot  obtain  the  best  results  from  others,  nor  give  his  own  best 
service  to  the  cause. 

Not  only  must  an  officer  set  an  example  of  self-control,  but 
he  should  in  every  possible  way  strive  to  teach  the  habit  to  his 
men,  particularly  in  regard  to  their  passions  and  appetites,  the 
indulgence  of  which  will  quickly  ruin  their  bodies  and  render 
them  unfit  for  duty  and  bring  discredit  upon  the  uniform  and 
disgrace  upon  the  nation  they  represent. 

COUHA6B 

Physical  courage  is  naturally  associated  with  ideas  of  deeds 
of  valor ;  it  is  expected  of  a  soldier.  It  is  usually  an  acquired 
habit,  based  upon  moral  courage. 

There  is  little  use  in  telling  a  man  not  to  be  afraid ;  but  there 
is  use  in  telling  him  that,  no  matter  whether  he  is  afraid  or  not, 
he  will  not  nm  away.  He  will  stay  because  he  is  facing  a  danger 
common  to  all,  because  his  comrades  on  his  right  and  his  left  are 

foing  to  stay,  because  he  would  rather  die  than  nm  away, 
t  is  his  mond  force,  in  other  wor^s,  that  will  keep  him  from 
yielding  to  the  impulse  to  run  away. 

The  truth  of  this  is  verified  by  incidents  like  one  that  occurred 
in  a  Canadian  regiment  in  France.  The  regimental  commander 
wanted  a  certain  bridge  to  be  held  at  all  costs  until  the  arrival 
of  expected  reinforcements.  He  could  spare  only  a  fraction 
of  his  force  to  hold  it.  He  confided  the  mission  to  a  captain,  who 
selected  fifty  men  for  the  task.  The  detachment  had  hardly  got 
into  position  when  the  Germans  rushed  the  bridge.  With  their 
macmne-gun  and  rifle  fire  the  Canadians  stopped  the  rush.  The 

'  The  oounael  concerning  the  duties  of  yonng  officers  embodied  in  this  article 
and  in  that  in  The  Outlook  for  August  28  by  the  same  author  will  be  included 
in  a  book  entitled  "  Winning  and  Wearing  Shoulder  Stram,"  to  be  published  by 
the  Maomillan  Company.    Publication  authorized  by  the  War  Department. 


the  suggestions  in  this  article  apply,  bat  to  all  who  have  direction 

Germans  formed  and  reformed,  only  to  have  their  assaula 
break  down  under  the  fire  of  the  defenders.  Then  the  Grernuj 
artillery  intervened,  and  the  captain  b^;an  rapidly  to  lose  hi 
men.  He  himself  was  soon  killed,  but  his  junior  leaders,  in  turj 
took  command  until  there  remained  but  a  corporal  and  eighth 
ten  men.  The  corporal  said :  '^  Men,  we  must  either  get  ont  i 
here  or  die ;  as  for  me,  I  prefer  to  tlie  here."  Every  man  staj» 
with  him.  The  corporal  was  killed,  and  soon  there  was  but  oc 
man  left  able  to  fire  a  gun.  This  lone  soldier,  amid  the  bodies  >' 
his  comrades,  got  a  machine  gun  into  action  and  held  the  brid; 
till  the  reinforcements  arrived.  He  had  been  wounded  eig- 
times,  and  died  before  he  could  be  taken  to  the  rear. 

DEVOTION  TO   DUTY 

I  think  it  was  Cromwell  who  said  that  the  fighting  8treii<;t 
of  an  army  depended  upon  every  man's  knowing  and  lovb 
what  he  was  fighting  for.  Of  some  men  we  feel  that  when  th- 
are  e^ven  a  thing  to  do  that  thing  is  going  to  be  done. 

The  officer  who  is  brutal  or  arrogant,  who  believes  solely  ■- 
driving  men  like  beasts  of  burden,  cannot  inspire  confidei>>' 
or  inculcate  the  spirit  of  duty.  Neither  can  one  who  is  vain  • 
^otistieal,  who  puts  his  ambition  for  personal  advancemti 
before  his  duty  to  the  cause.  Confidence  is  not  to  be  won  '. 
posing,  by  affecting  an  interest  that  is  not  sincere,  by  fali 
methods  of  seeking  popularity. 

Confidence  is  destroyed  by  an  attitude  of  indifference,  u 
"  don't-care  "  attitode,  the  attitude  of  the  man  who  does  just  i 
little  as  he  can,  and  keeps  his  eye  on  the  clock  for  quittia 
time. 

To  instill  into  his  men  his  own  spirit  of  devotion  to  duty 
the  constant  care  of  the  leader.  He  cannot  be  everywhere  pw 
ent ;  yet  duty  must  everywhere  be  well  done.  If  Jack  does  i 
wateh  or  sentry  duty  honestly  and  efficiently.  Bill  and  Jim,  ai 
all  the  others  whose  turn  it  is  to  rest,  can  do  so  with  oonfideo 
that  the  ^  alarm  will  be  sounded  in  time  to  save  their  lin 
or  that,  if  the  enemy  attacks,  he  will  not  get  at  them  bef<' 
Jack  gives  warning.  They  will  feel  that  Jack  is  "  mi  the  job.  1 

If  Bill  and  Jim  like  to  feel  that  when  Jack  is  on  duty  it  wj 
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1918 


THE   OUTLOOK 


17 


2      be  well  done,  tihey  most  realize  that  they  must  give  Jack  the 
^      same  right  to  confidence  in  themselves. 

LOrALTT 

'  The  habit  of  making  disnaraging  remarks  about  superiors 

^  or  about  subordinates  is  suoTersive  of  discipline ;  it  tends  to 
weaken  or 'undermine  the  authority  of  other  leaders  and  to  les- 
sen respect  for  them.  As  a  habit  it  is  oonta^ous  and  cumulative. 

With  reference  to  his  superiors,  an  officer  stands  in  exactly 
the  same  rdation  as  that  of  his  subordinates  toward  himself. 
If  he  has  the  habit  of  disparaging  criticism,  he  is  simply  a 
stumbling-block  in  the  way  of  the  cultivation  of  that  mutual 
confidence  and  fiuth  which  are  necessary  to  effective  team  work. 

It  is  a  particularly  bad  habit  to  reprimand  junior  leaders  in 

the  presence  of  the  organization.  This  is  not  only  the  hardest 

kind  of  reprimand  to  endure — involving  as  it  does  personal 

,       humiliation — but  it  is  a  blow  at  the  authority  of  the  junior  and 

.       at  the  confidence  placed  in  him  by  the  organization. 

The  commander  is  of  course  responsible  for  the  discipline 
1       and  training  of  his  subordinates  and  his  organization.   The 
proper  way  to  bring  to  their  attention  mistakes  at  drill  or  on 
the  maneuver  field  is  not  by  reprimands  before  their  organiza- 
tion. 

LBADEBSHIP   AND  COMMAND 

There  is  no  cut-and-dried  formula  for  leadership.  The  power 
of  leading  men  may  be  totally  absent  in  the  most  profound 
scholar,  and  may  exist  to  a  high  degree  in  an  illiterate  man. 

A  natural  leader,  moreover,  may  be  unfitted  for  command. 
Commanding  means  something  more  than  leading,  something 
more  than  the  mere  power  of  obtaining  obedience  from  men. 

In  watching  children  at  play  it  is  not  unusual  to  see  one  who 
is  doing  all  the  thinking  and  directing.  He  tells  this  one  to 
bring  bricks  or  pieces  of  wood,  that  one  to  place  them  in  posi- 
tion, another  to  do  something  else.  His  comrades  all  work  under 
his  direction  in  building  the  playhouse  or  the  fort,  with  no 
thought  of  questioning  his  authority.  They  are  obeying,  and  are 
happy  in  so  doing.    He  is  directing.  He  is  a  natural  leader. 

In  the  mUitary  service  we  want  as  leaders  men  who  have  these 
natural  qualities. 

This*  magic  power  of  leadership,  in  the  warfare  of  to-day, 
must  be  peculiarly  the  quality  of  the  platoon  leader,  because  he 
leads  his  men  on  the  battiefield. 

RELATIONS  TO  SUBORDINATES 

A  commander  must  be  able  to  distinguish  between  essentials 
and  non-essentials,  or  merely  desirable  phases  of  activities  ;  in 
other  words,  he  should  be  able  to  grasp  the  spirit  behind  the 
form.  If  he  can  perceive  only  the  letter  instead  of  the  spirit  of 
the  r^^ations,  for  example,  he  will  not  be  able  to  make  his 
training  progressive,  because  he  will  be  unable  to  recognize 
values  and  purposes  ;  or  he  may  perhaps  keep  his  officers  so  ousy 
writing  out  elaborate  reports  of  no  special  value  that  they  cannot 
get  their  troops  trainra ;  or  he  \ml  be  lost  when  he  cannot 
remember  what  the  book  said*.  He  cannot  adjust,  cannot  meet 
new  situations.  With  him  it  is  all  theory  and  no  practice. 

One  of  the  lessons  of  the  battle  of  the  Somme  (discussed  in 
the  "  Journal'  United  Service  Inst.,  India  ")  was : 

There  is  only  one  way  of  getting  a  thing  done — whether  it  is 
digging  a  post  hole  or  captunng  a  country,  and  that  is  to  trust 
your  man,  give  him  what  he  asks  for  (within  the  bounds  of 
common  senBe)  and  judge  him  by  results  alone.  If  you  have 
trained  him  properly,  he  will  not  betray  your  trust  nor  ask  for 
unnecessary  things.  If  he  does  not  get  results,  if  he  fails  through 
his  own  fault,  replace  him.  But  if  you  have  trained  him  property 
he  will  not  fail. 

Be  very  slow  to  condemn  minor  mistakes  made  in  an  effort 
at  initiative.  Ck»mmend  the  intention  and  point  out  where  better 
methods  might  have  been  used. 

The  commander  is  dependent  for  his  success  upon  the  efficiency 
of  his  subordinates ;  he  nas  his  duties,  they  have  theirs.  The  com- 
mander should  keep  to  his  role ;  if  be  cannot  do  that,  he  is  likely  on 
the  battiefield  to  be  directing  a  squad  when  he  ought  to  be  direct- 
ing his  battalion  or  his  r^ment ;  such  things  have  happened. 

A  man  may  be  mediocre  or  merely  good  in  one  capacity,  but 
a  genius  in  another.  He  should  be  serving  in  the  role  to  which 
he  is  best  fitted,  working  where  he  can  do  the  most  good.  Don't 
be  so  narrow-minded  as  to  perceive  only  the  defects  of  your  sub- 


ordinates or  associates ;  most  men  have  some  defects.   Know 
your  men  and  how  to  handle  them. 

PLATOON  LEADERS 

You  will  place  a  man  as  a  sentinel,  alone  perhaps,  isolated,  in 
the  darkness,  in  the  mud,  the  cold,  in  deadly  danger.  What 
thoughts  will  keep  him  alert  on  his  post  ? 

The  thought  that  he  is  standing  between  the  enemy  and  his 
comrades  b^ind  him — ^more  than  that,  between  the  enemy  and 
his  country,  his  homeland ;  the  thought  that  he  is  there  because 
his  leader  wants  him  there — that  leuler  who  has  looked  out  for 
him,  saved  him  so  far  as  it  was  humanly  possible  from  cold,  from 
hunger,  and  from  suffering,  who  has  always  been  fair  and  square 
with  him,  who  has  proved  himself  to  be  a  man  and  a  friend. 

When  the  time  comes  for  the  supreme,  crucial  test,  for  the 
assault ;  when  the  platoon  is  to  jp;o  over  the  top  into  the  swirl  of 
bullets  and  shell,  into  the  face  of  death — and  vour  muscles  tense 
for  the  spring — what  is  going  to  take  every  blessed  man  of  them 
with  you  to  strike  at  the  gates  of  hell? 

Your  leadership  and  the  love  they  bear  you. 

How  are  you  going  to  bring  these  things  about? 

By  your  fine  character,  your  thorough  training — your  own 
and  that  you  have  given  your  men ;  by  the  care,  the  fine,  thought- ' 
ful  care,  you  have  taken  of  your  men,  and  by  the  friendship 
and  affection  you  have  given  wem.    * 

You  have  made  their  drills  short,  vital,  pulsating  affairs  that 
have  stirred  their  blood  and  enthusiasm  and  brought  them  to 
the  razor  edge  of  efficiency  ;  you  have  kept  them  provided  with 
shoes  and  warm  clothing ;  you  have  taught  them  the  joy  of 
clean,  strong  bodies  and  of  a  smart,  soldierly  appearance, 
kept  them  m>m  sore  and  blistered  feet  and  from  disease ;  you 
have  procured  comfortable  billets  for  them  whenever  possible, 
rustied  firewood  to  warm  them,  had  the  food  on  hand  when 
they  were  hungry — only  yon  and  God  have  at  times  known 
how ;  you  have  given  to  this  one  the  word  of  encouragement 
he  needed  ;  that  one  has  caused  you  trouble,  you  have  had  to 
correct  hinr,  but  you  have  saved  him  from  himself  and  made 
him  a  soldier  ;  you  have  always  been  fair  and  just ;  vou  have 
never  failed  them,  and  you  have  been  their  friend.  Follow  you  I 
Yes,  they  will  follow  you.  They  will  die  for  you,  and  greater 
love  than  this  hath  no  man. 

NON-COMMISSIONED  OFFICERS 

Non-commissioned  officers  are  to  the  company  what  the  rein- 
forcement is  to  concrete.  They  hold  it  together  and  give  it 
strength. 

The  corporal  must  be  a  man  who  can  be  relied  upon ;  he  is 

Ere-eminentiy  a  man  who  gets  things  done.  He  must  make  it 
is  business  to  find  out  what  is  expected  of  him,  and  make 
prompt,  resourceful  action  a  habit. 

The  se^eant  has  more  authority  than  the  corporal  and  more 
responsibinty.  His  promotion  means  that  he  has  made  good  as 
a  corporal  and  has  shown  qualifications  for  command. 

The  non-commissioned  officer  is  at  a  disadvantage  in  being 
taken  from  the  ranks  where  he  has  lived  in  close,  familiar  rela- 
tions with  the  men  over  whom  he  is,  by  his  promotion,  given 
authority.  He  needs  strength  of  character  to  adjust  himsdf  to 
the  changed  position. 

Non-commissioned  officers,  like  platoon  leaders,  should  be 
natural  leaders  of  men.  They  must  know  how  to  give  orders 
and  how  to  enforce  them.  They  must  learn  how  to  get  things 
accomplished  through  their  own  forceful  personality.  A  non- 
commissioned officer  who  merely  tells  a  man  to  do  something, 
and  depends  upon  higher  authority  to  enforce  the  execution  of 
it,  is  nothing  but  a  messenger  boy ;  he  is  of  no  use  to  his  officers 
or  to  his  company. 

A  Frenchman  who  was  one  day  talking  to  me  of  his  military 
experiences  said  some  things  that  are  worth  bringing  to  the 
attention  not  only  of  non-commissioned  officers,  but  of  the  men 
who  at  first  find  irksome  the  firm,  impartial  administration  of 
the  military  service.  He  could  not  at  first  see  the  reason  for  a 
lot  of  things  that  he  afterwards  learned  to  understand.  For 
example,  he  and  some  young  comrade — like  himself,  just  called 
to  the  colors — who  had  be^  out  for  a  walk  or  other  form  of 
amusement  during  the  hours  of  relaxation,  and  who  had  not 
wanted  to  lose  a  minute  of  their  pleasure,  would  come  running 
back  to  quarters,  only  to  arrive,  panting  and  dripping  with  per- 

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THE  OUTLOOK 


spiration,  balf  a  minate  late  at  the  great  iron  gate  leading  to 
their  barr^ks.  It  would  be  dosed.  Before  allowing  them  to  pass 
the  sergeant  in  charge  would  take  their  names.  That  meant  a 
report  and  two  days'  confinement  during  the  recreation  period. 

The  young  men  diought  that  was  very  hard,  in  view  of  the 
tiny  fraction  of  time  by  which  they  were  late  and  the  desperate 
efforts  they  had  made  to  arrive  <m  time.  But  the  sergeant  was 
inexorable.  They  grumbled  much  at  his  inhumanity. 

Afterwards,  this  man  said,  he  came  to  see  that  the  old  sergeant 
was  right.  If  one  who  arrived  half  a  minute  late  were  excused, 
another  half  a  minute  behind  him  would  think  he  had  just  as 
good  a  reason  for  leniency ;  and  so  would  the  next,  a  minute  or 
two  later — and  so  on,  until  men  would  be  straggling  in  at  all 
hours.  If  you  have  a  sliding  limit,  you  have  no  limit.    ' 

Never  in  its  history  has  warfare  been  a  matter  of  such  thor- 
oughness of  detail. 

PUNISHMENTS 

Study  very  carefully  the  purpose  of  the  punishing  power 
vested  in  you,  and  the  manner  in  which  it  should  be  exercised. 

In  administering  punishmento  the  character  of  the  offense 
must  be  taken  into  consideration,  and  the  previous  record  and 
service  of  the  offender.  Be  lenient  toward  minor  faults  and 
mistakes  due  to  inexperience.  Never  allow  a  fault  or  a  mistake 
to  pass  unnoticed  ;  but  remember  that  a  word  or  a  glance  may 
often  better  serve  the  purpose  of  correction  than  a  penalty. 
For  the  first  offense,  or  the  second,  a  word  may  serve  to  put 
the  man  on  the  track ;  if  he  is  not  the  right  sort,  if  he  willfully 
repeats  the  offense,  refuses  to  be  advised  or  warned,  the  situa- 
tion must  be  promptly  and  vigorously  dealt  with.  Punishment 
must  promptly  follow  the  offense. 

Explain  to  the  men  why  faults  cannot  be  allowed  to  pass 
unnoticed,  why  corrections  must  be  applied.  It  is  for  the  pro- 
tection of  the  team. 

Do  not  let  soldiers  receive  the  idea  that  they  must  do  their 
duty  through  fear  of  their  feaders.  Never  accompany  an  order 
for  the  performance  of  duty  with  a  threat  of  punishment.  Duty 
and  discipline  are  not  based  upon  fear. 

Teach  your  man  to  do  his  duty  because  he  is  a  soldier  ;  teach 
him  that  to  be  a  soldier  m  our  Army  is  something  to  be  proud 
of  and  something  to  live  up  to. 

DRILLS   AND   INSTRUCTION 

It  is  well  known  that  if  yon  tickle  the  ear  of  a  sleeper  with  a 
feather  he  will  brush  at  the  feather  without  waking  up ;  simi- 
larly he  will  move  his  arm  or  his  leg  to  avoid  the  irritation.  If 
something  flashes  or  breaks  suddenly  before  your  opened  eyes, 
they  will  quickly  close  before  your  mind  has  become  conscious 
of  the  danger. 

It  is  something  like  this  involuntary  or  refiex  action  that  we 
must  develop  in  the  loading  and  firing,  the  thrusting  and  throw- 
ing, the  assaulting  of  a  trench,  ete. 

If  soldiers  are  made  to  understand  this,  it  will  take  away 
some  of  the  tedium  which  tiiey  experience  in  doing  over  and 
over  the  same  thing. 

Explain  the  purpose  of  the  drill  or  exercise.  Many  men  do 
not  understand  the  reason  for  such  things.  Explain  also  why  so 
much  repetition  is  necessary ;  explain  what  the  automatic  power 
thus  gained  will  some  day  do  for  the  men. 

With  men  untrained  in  attention  fifteen  minutes  is  about  the 
maximum  for  the  best  work ;  this  may  be  increased  gradually 
to  thirty.  Make  every  minute  coimt  in  this  best-work  period. 
Then  it  is  better  to  change  the  drill. 

Stimulate  interest  on  the  part  of  the  men  by  asking  them 
questions  about  the  drill  or  exercise,  its  purpose,  the  reasons  for 
repetitions,  the  necessity  of  making  every  bit  of  it  accurate, 
vigorous,  and  snappy.  If  they  can  be  stimulated  to  thinking 
about  the  deeper  meaning  underlying  their  work,  they  will  take 
an  interest  in  making  it  thorough. 

Do  not  let  slow  men  hold  back  faster  men.  Group  the  slow 
men  under  the  very  best  instructor ;  they  are  the  ones  that  need 
him.  Never  allow  fun  to  be  made  of  a  slow,  clumsy,  or  awkward 
man.  Don't  laugh  at  him ;  show  him  that  you  sympathize  with 
him,  and  that  you  want  him  to  make  good.  In  this  way  you  will 
pull  him  over. 

It  is  not  the  piteh  of  your  voice  but  the  concentrated  energy 
and  will  in  you  that  makes  a  command  ring  true. 


ESSENTIAL  DETAILS 

Closely  connected  with  the  matter  of  ooK>rdination,  already 
discussed,  comes  the  subject  of  attention  to  details.  The  war 
of  to-day  is  a  war  of  details. 

By  details  we  mean,  of  course,  essential  details — those  that 
will  or  can  affect  the  issue. 

Command  implies  responsibility  for  details.  It  may  take  the 
work  of  many  individuals  to  look  out  for  all  these  details,  and 
the  company  is  provided  with  lieutoiants  and  non-commissioned 
officers  to  assist  the  commander  in  the  work  incident  to  supply 
and  administration ;  but  the  fact  remains  that  the  company 
commander  is  responsible  that  the  work  is  performed,  that  the 
details  are  looked  after. 

It  is  not  sufficient  to  lay  the  blame  for  neglected  details  upon 
somebody  else  if  you  are  responsible  for  the  actions  of  that  some- 
body else.  It  may  be  his  business  to  procure  certain  articles,  to 
attend  to  certain  duties ;  it  is  your  business  to  see  that  he  does  it. 
THE  LEADER  AND  HIS  MEN 

Show  appreciation  of  good  service.  Praise  should  not  be 
cheapened  by  too  frequent  use,  but  unusual  merit  or  effort  should 
be  recognized.  A  little  judicious  encouragement  is  often  of  untold 
value.   Tact  is  just  as  necessary  in  military  life  as  elsewhere. 

Encourage  tiie  initiative  of  soldiers.  In  warfare  of  to-day 
initiative  is  tremendously  needed  from  private  soldiers  as  well 
as  from  officers.  Hundreds  of  examples  might  be  cited  to  show 
the  exercise  of  initiative  and  quick  decision  by  private  soldiers. 
To  mention  only  one,  told  by  Captain  Jean  des  Vignes  Rouges 
in  his  "  L'Ame  des  Chefs :"  A  group  of  soldiers  were  in  a  shell 
hole  or  a  piece  of  an  old  trench,  separated  from  their  organiza- 
tion, with  which  they  had  started  as  one  of  the  waves  of  an 
assault.  Their  leader  had  been  put  out  of  action ;  not  even  a 
corporal  was  with  them.  Bullets  were  whistling  over  their  heads. 
Most  of  them  were  for  clinging  to  the  shelter  till  nightfall ; 
indeed,  it  seemed  nothing  but  suicide  to  attempt  anything  else. 
One  of  them,  however,  fdt  the  urge  to  action ;  he  kept  trying 
to  see  what  was  going  on  in  No  Man's  Land.  He  managed  by 
careful  observation  to  locate  some  German  machine  guns  which 
were  in  operation,  and  which  had  undoubtedly  caused  the  assault 
wave  to  break  down.  Finally  he  perceived  that  some  more  com- 
panies of  the  French  were  forming  behind  a  little  crest,  pre- 
paring for  a  renewal  of  the  a^wault.  The  German  machine  guna 
woulaenfilade  the  companies  when  they  came  over  the  crest.  He 
saw  that  the  men  with  him  ui  the  trench  could  by  advancing  a 
bit  out  of  the  shelter  bring  a  deadly  fire  upon  these  machine 
guns.  He  explained  this  to  his  comrades,  and  jumped  out  of 
the  trench,  shouting  to  them  to  follow  him.  In  a  flash  they  were 
all  firing  on  the  machine  guns  at  the  moment  that  these  were 
about  to  open  on  their  comrades.  "  And  that  is  how  corporal's 
chevrons  are  won." 

The  true  leader  is  the  friend  of  his  men  because  he  has  in  his 
heart  the  love  of  mankind,  because  he  works  with  and  for  them, 
sacrifices  for  them,  develops  the  best  that  is  in  them,  watches 
them  grow  in  character,  sees  them  prepared  to  give  their  all — 
their  hves — to  their  country. 

WHY   AKK   YOU    A   SOLDIER? 

If  a  man  hasn't  in  him  the  love  of  his  country,  he  is  in  the 
wrong  country  or  there  is  no  coimtry  that  he  can  call  home — 
he's  a  man  without  a  country. 

If  a  man  can't  feel  that  he  wants  to  make  the  world  a  better 
place  for  himself,  he  ought  to  Avant  to  make  it  better  for  others 
more  helpless  than  himself.  An  English  coal-miner  left  his 
imdei^round  labors,  his  wife  and  children,  and  enlisted.  He 
did  not  have  to  do  this ;  he  could  have  had  an  exemption. 
When  asked  why  he  wanted  to  enlist,  he  said  that  when  he  and 
his  mates  learned  what  was  being  done  to  the  women  and  babies 
of  the  world,  learned  of  the  terrible  sufferings  of  helpless  human 
beings,  they  decided  that  it  was  their  business  to  help  put  a  stop 
to  it.  And  he  wanted  to  fight  to  make  the  world  safe  for  women 
and  babies.  He  had  the  spirit  of  true  manhood. 

The  spirit  of  duty  to  theNation,  to  the  world,  is  based  upon  the 
love  of  the  community,  the  love  of  one's  fellow-men.  It  is  a  form  of 
team  spirit,  and  should  pervade  our  army  from  general  to  private. 
The  supreme  thing  is  service,  when  service  is  foimded  upon  love. 

"  When  we  try.  Dr.  Cabot  has  written,  "  to  serve  the  world 
(or  to  understand  it),  we  touch  what  is  divine." 


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THE  GOVERNMENT  AS  RAILWAY  MANAGER 


HUMANIZING    THE    SCIENCE    OF    RAILROADING 
BY  THEODORE   H.  PRICE 

WashingloH,  D.  C,  August  96,  1S18. 

ihe  Editor  of  The  Outlook  : 

n  sending  you  the  subjoined  I  fed  that  it  is  proper  that  I  should  inform  you  that  I  have  received  several  letters  alleging  that 
previous  article  on  the  same  suJyect  was  "  inspired  "  or  tmtten  out  of  a  partisan  enthttsiasmfor  Governmental  management 
he  railways  as  one  of  the  things  the  present  Administration  has  brought  about.  These  charges  are  in  a  measure  true.  For 
•s  I  have  been  an  enthusiast  in  regard  to  what  could  be  accomplished  with  the  transportation  facilities  of  the  country  under 
ied  management.  My  enthusiasm  has  not  been  diminished  by  the  close  study  J  have  recently  been  able  to  give  the  subject 
m  officer  of  the  United  States  Jiailroad  Administration. 

Tie  increase  in  efflcieney  and  the  savings  that  can  be  effected  by  synthesizing  independent,  competing,  and  unco-ordinated 
8  and  by  eliminating  unnecessary  duplication  in  service  seem  to  me  to  be  so  self-evident  that  they  need  no  demonstration. 
\[y  views  and  my  convictions  upon  the  question  are  doubtless  manifest  in  what  Irerite,  but  they  are  the  result  of  careful 
iy,  and  are  not  inspired  by  partisan  enthusiasm  or  my  present  official  association.  It  is  impossible  for  me  to  conceal  my 
lusiasm  for  the  things  in  which  I  believe,  and  I  doubt  whether  the  ability  to  camofufiage  one^s  belief  by  what  is  called  the 
dicial  attitude  "  is  consistent  with  the  constructive  temperament  or  a  constrtictive  philosophy.       THEODORE  H.  PRICE 


^  an  artide  upon  this  subject  published  in  The  Outlook  of 
August  7  I  dealt  briefly  with  the  mac^itude  and  complex- 
its  of  tiie  problems  confronting  the  United  States  Railroad 
ministration  in  the  work  of  taking  over  and  synthesizing  the 
terican  railway  system  with  its  1,700,814  employees.  Be- 
se  the  congestion  and  delay  encountered  by  \ha  traveling 
>lic  in  the  purchase  of  tickets  and  the  reservation  of  sleeping 
ommodations  was  at  that  time  a  subject  of  general  comment 
Iso  attempted  to  describe  the  measures  that  were  being 
en  to  relieve  it. 
t  is  now  my  purp<jse  to  sketch  briefly  the  organization  that 

been  created  by  Director-General  McAdoo  to  operate  the 
ds  and  the  reforms  and  innovations  that  have  thus  far  been 
roduced  or  planned. 

rhe  central  administration  at  Washington,  which  under  the 
■ector-General  is  responsible  for  the  operation  of  the  railways, 

for  its  chief  officers : 

W.  G.  McAdoo,  Director  GeneraL 

Walker  D.  Hines,  Assistant  Director-Greneral. 

Oscar  A  Price,  Assistant  to  the  Director-GeneraL 

John  Barton  I^ne,  General  CotuiseL 

John  Sketton  WiUiams,  Director  of  Division  of  Finance  and 
'urchanee. 

Robert  8.  Lovett,  Director  of  Division  of  Capital  Expend!- 
ires. 

Carl  R.  Gray,  Director  of  Division  of  Operation. 

Edwud  Chambers,  Director  of  Division  of  Traffic. 

Charles  A  Pronty,  Director  of  Division  of  Public  Service  and 
Lccoonting. 

W.  S.  Carter,  Director  of  Division  of  Labor. 

Theodore  H.  Price,  Actaary. 

M.  B.  Clagett,  Private  Secretary  to  the  Director-GeneraL 

kf  r.  Henry  Walters,  Chairman  of  the  Atlantic  Coast  Line* 
}  was  until  recently  an  active  member  of  this  organization  in 
.rge  of  the  standardization  of  motive  power,  has  at  his  own 
uest  beoi  released  from  constant  attendance  in  Washington, 
he  continues  nevertheleas  to  render  highly  valuable  services 
an  advisory  capacity  as  a  member  of  what  has  come  to  be 
ed  "  the  Director-General's  personal  staff." 
rhe  members  of  this  staff  are  of  course  supplied  with  the 
retaries,  assistants,  and  clerks  that  they  require  in  their  work, 
.  the  Director-General's  policy  has  been  to  keep  the  Wash- 
ton  organization  as  small  as  possible  aiid  avoid  imposing 
»n  the  railways  an  unwieldy  and  expensive  central  adminis- 
live  bureau. 

Associated  with  the  Washington  administration  are  various 
imitteea  to  whom  are  referred  numerous  problems  that  in- 
ve  public  hearings  and  deliberate  investigation.  Auiong  them 
^  be  mentioned  the  Railway  Wage  Commimion,  composed  of 
uiklin  K.  Lane,  chairman,  J.  Harry  Covington,  Charles  C. 
Chord,  and  William  R.  Willcox.  Of  this  Commission  F.  W. 
unan  was  counsel  and  W.  A.  Ryan  was  secretary.  Its  work. 


which  is  now  completed,  included  the  report  upon  the  wages 
paid  to  the  railway  employees  in  the  United  States,  upon  which 
the  Director-General's  action  in  ordering  a  substantial  advance 
in  wages  was  based. 

There  is  also  an  Advisory  Committee  on  Finance,  consistine 
of  Franklin  Q.  Brown,  chairman,  Festus  J.  Wade,  Frederick 
W.  Scott,  and  James  H.  WaUaoe.  The  duties  of  this  Committee 
are  to  investigate  and  advise  with  r^ard  to  the  financial  prob- 
lems that  come  before  the  Director  of  Finance  and  Purchases. 

Then  there  is  a  Board  of  Railway  Wages  and  Working  Con- 
ditions, that  has  been  created  to  hear  and  investigate  matters  pre- 
sented by  railway  einployees  or  their  representatives  affecting — 

(1)  Inequalities  as  to  w^es  and  working  conditions,  whether 
as  to  individual  employees  or  classes  of  employees. 

(2)  Conditions  arising  from '  competition  with  employees  in 
other  industries. 

(3)  Rules  and  working  conditions  for  the  several  classes  of 
employees,  either  for  the  country  as  a  whole  or  for  different 
parts  of  the  country. 

The  duties  of  this  Board  are  advisory  and  its  recommendations 
are  submitted  to  the  Director-General  for  his  consideration. 

There  is  also  the  Railway  Board  of  Adjustment  No.  1, 
formed  to  deal  witii  any  disputes  that  may  arise  between  the 
employees  in  train,  engine,  and  yard  service  and  the  railways, 
and  the  Railway  Adjustment  Bc»rd  No.  2,  which  has  a  similar 
function  to  perform  m  dealing  with  any  dispute  that  may  arise 
between  shop  employees  and  tiie  railways. 

For  the  si^e  of  public  convenience  and  efficiency  in  operation 
the  railway  mileage  of  the  country  has  been  divided  into  seven 
regional  districts,  each  of  which  uts  been  assigned  to  the  man- 
agement of  a  Regional  Director  who  has  general  charge  of  rail- 
way administration  in  his  district.  Under  these  R^onal  Direc- 
tors come  in  turn  District  Directors,  in  charge  of  subdivisions 
of  tiie  regional  districts ;  Federal  Managers,  in  charge  of  the 
more  important  single  divisions  or  groups  of  less  importiuit 
lines ;  General  Managers,  operating  the  minor  divisions ;  and 
Terminal  Managers,  having  control  of  all  terminals  at  the  more 
important  centers  and  ports. 

The  Regional  Directors  are  of  course  subject  to  the  authority 
of  the  Washington  administration,  but,  as  they  are  all  men  of 
experience  ana  distinction  as  railway  executives,  they  are  ac- 
corded large  discretion  in  the  management  of  the  properties 
under  their  controL 

The  geographical  boundaries  of  the  various  regional  districts 
are  suggested  rather  than  defined  in  the  accompanying  map. 

It  is,  however,  impossible  to  map  these  districts  accurately. 
Territorially  they  overlap  each  other  in  every  instance,  because 
the  railway  lines  under  the  management  of  each  Regional  Direc- 
tor penetrate  areas  that  are  also  inclnded  ui  other  regional 
districts.  The  dbtricting  has  had  for  its  purpose  the  a8seral)ling 
under  the  management  of  each  Regional  Director  the  larger  por- 

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THE  OUTLOOK 


4  Sepieml 


KEY 

1.  EABTKRN  REGION 

2.  ALLKOHENT  RSOION 

3.  POCAHONTAS  RKGION 

4.  SOUTHERN'  REGION 

6.  NORTHWESTKRN  RBOION 

6.  CENTRAL  WEBTBRIT   REGION 

7.  SOUTHWESTERN  REGION 


tion  of  the  mileage  serving  his  territory.  The  limits  of  admin- 
istrative authority  are  therefore  determined  rather  by  the 
railway  lines  than  by  geographical  boundaries,  for  they  have 
been  fixed  more  with  regard  to  the  movement  of  traffic  and  the 
service  of  the  public  than  the  conventional  State  boundaries  or 
groupings.. 

Thus  it  has  been  deemed  wise  to  put  the  Pennsylvania  lines 
and  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  lines  east  of  the  Ohio  River  in  the 
All^heny  District,  and  those  west  of  the  Ohio  River  in  the  East- 
em  District,  which  contain^  the  whole  of  the  New  York  Central 
Division.  This  course  has  been  followed  in  pursuance  of  a  policy 
that  contemplates  the  preferential  use  of  the  more  northerly  trunk 
lines  for  fast  through  freight  and  passenger  traffic  between  the 
Chica^  District  and  the  East,  thereby  releasing  the  lines  in 
the  .Mlegheny  District  for  th^  distribution  of  the  enormous 
traffic  that  originates  in  the  Pittsburgh  district,  where  conges- 
tion of  local  and  through  freight  in  the  past  has  created  some 
of  the  most  costly  and  exasperating  blockades  that  have  been 
knowB  in  the  history  of  American  transportation. 

A  better  idea  of  the  method  followed  m  this  re^onal  district- 
ing and  the  more  important  railway  systems  in  each  district 
may  perhaps  be  had  from  the  following  brief  statement ;, 

The  Eastern  I}! strict,  A.  H.  Smith,  Regional  Director, 
New  York,  comprises  the  lines  located  chiefly  in  the  New  Eng- 
land States  in  Nev^  York  State,  in  the  northwestern  portion 
of  Pennsylvania,  and  in  Ohio,  Indiana,  and  Michigan. 

Some  of  the  more  imwirtant  lines  included  in  this  district  are 
the  New  York,  New  Haven,  and  Hartford,  the  Boston  and 
Maine,  the  Boston  and  Albany,  the  New  York  Central,  the 
Nickel  Plate,  the  West  Shore,  the  Delaware  and  Hudson, 
the  Delaware,  Lackawanna,  and  Western,  the  Baltimore  and 
Ohio  lines  west  of  Pittsburgh,  and  the  Pennsylvania  lines  west 
of  Pittsburgh. 

The  Allegheny  District,  C  H.  Markham,  Jiegiomil  Di- 
rector, Philadelphia,  comprises  the  lines  located  chiefly  in  the 
State  of  Pennsylvania,  the  northern  part  of  West  Virginia,  and 
some  of  the  lines  traversing  Maryland  and  New  Jersey.  It  also 
includes  the  Long  Island  lines  as  an  extension  of  the  Pennsyl- 
vania lines  east  of  Pittsburgh; 

Amoner  the  more  important  lines  in  this  district  are  the  fol- 
lowing :  The  Baltimore  and  Ohio  and  the  Pennsylvania  lines 
«ast  of  the  Ohio  River,  the  Bessemer  and  Lake  Erie,  the 
Central  of  New  Jersey,  the  New  York,  Philadelphia,  and  Nor- 
folk, the  Philadelphia  ^d  Beading,  and  the  Western  Maryland. 

The  Pocahontas  District,  N.  D.  Maher,  Regional  Director, 
Roanoke,  Virginia,  contains  most  of  the  east  and  west  lines 
traversing  Virginia  aiud  West  Virginia  and  a  certain  portion 


of  the  mileage  penetrating  the  coal-fields  of  Kentucky  i 
southern  Ohio. 

Among  the  more  important  lines  in  this  district  are  i 
-ChesapeSte  and  Ohio  fines  east  of  Louisville,  Columbus,  i 
Cincinnati ;  the  Norfolk  and  Western  ;  and  the  Virginian.  1 
terminals  of  all  railways  at  Norfolk,  Portsmouth,  and  Newp 
News,  Virginia,  and  the  Norfolk  and  Portsmouth  Belt  line  ; 
also  assigned  to  tliis  district. 

The  Southern  District,  B.  L.  Winchell,  Regional  Direct 
Atlanta,  Georgia,  includes  most  of  the  north  and  south  li 
traversing  the  territory  south  of  the  Ohio  and  Potomac  Kiv 
and  east  of  the  Mississippi  River. 

Among  the  more  important  lines  in  this  district  are 
Atlantic  Coast  Line,  the  Sealxmrd  Air  Line,  the  Soutlu 
the  Norfolk  Southern,  the  Louisville  and  Nashville,  the  Flor 
East  Coast,  the  Central  of  Georgia,  the  Alabama  Great  Soi 
em,  and  the  Illinois  Central  lines  south  of  Cairo,  Illinois. 

The  Sotithn-estem  District,  B.  F.  Bush,  Regional  Direct 
St.  Louis,  includes  most  of  the  lines  south  of  the  Misso 
River,  running  generally  southwest  and  traversing  the  Statei 
Missouri,  Arkansas,  Oklahoma,  Texas,  and  Louisiana  west 
the  Mississippi. 

Among  the  more  important  lines  in  tliis  district  are 
International  and  Great  Northern,  the  Kansas  City  Southt 
the  Missouri  Pacific  System,  the  Missouri,  Kansas,  : 
Texas,  a  certain  portion  of  the  Rock  Island  lines,  the  St.  L« 
and  San  Francisco,  the  Texas  and  Pacific,  the  Wabash  ft 
St.  Louis  to  Kansas  City  and  Omaha,  the  Gulf,  Coloni 
and  Santa  Fe,  the  Fort  Worth  and  Denver  City,  the  Soi: 
em  Pacific  lines  east  of  El  Paso,  and  the  Texas  and  > 
Orleans. 

The  Central  Western  District,  Hale  Holden,  Regio 
Director,  Chicago,  comprises  the  lines  running  in  a  southw 
erly  direction  from  Chicago  and  Kansas  City  to  and  toward 
Pacific  Coast.  The  mileage  of  this  district  traverses  the  StJ 
of  Illinois,  southern  Iowa,  northern  Missouri,  Kansas,  Nebras 
Wyoming,  southern  Idaho,  Colorado,  New  Mexico,  Utah,  J 
zona,  Nevada,  and  California. 

Among  the  more  important  lines  in  the  Central  West 
District  are  the  Union  Pacific  ;  the  Atchison,  Topeka,  and  Sa 
F^ ;  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island,  and  Pacific,  excepting  that  ] 
tion  of  its  lines  that  are  included  in  the  Southwestern  Distri 
the  Chicago  and  Alton ;  Chicago  and  Eastern  Illinois ; 
Chicago,  Burlingfton,  and  Quincy  ;  Colorado  and  Southern  ; 
Oregon  Short  Line  ;  the  Southern  Pacific  lines  west  of  El  P 
and  Ogden,  except  north  of  Ashland,  Oregon ;  the  "West 
Pacific ;  and  the  £1  Paso  and  Southwestern. 


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THE  OUTLOOK 


21 


The  Northwestern  District,  R.  H.  Aishton,^  Regional 
Director,  Chicago,  conttuns  most  of  the  mileage  mnoing  west  and 
nortiiwest  of  Chicago  and  Kansas  City  to  and  toward  the  Pacific 
coast.  Generally  this  mileage  traverses  northern  Illinois,  Wiscon- 
sin, Minnesota,  northern  Iowa,  northern  Nebraska,  North  and 
South  Dakota,  Wyoming,  Montana,  Oregon,  and  Washingfton. 

Amon^  the  more  important  lines  includeid  in  the  Northwestern 
District  arti  the  Chic^o  and  Northwestern  ;  Chicago,  Milwau- 
kee, and  St.  Paul ;  the  Chicago-Great  Western ;  the  Great  North- 
em  ;  the  Minneapolis  and  St.  Louis ;  the  Northern  Pacific ; 
the  Minneapolis,  St.  Paul,  and  Sault  Ste.  Marie ;  the  Oregon- 
W^ashington  Railroad  and  Navigation  Company ;  and  the 
Southern  Pacific  lines  north  of  Ashland,  Or^on. 

A  Marine  Section  of  the  Division  of  Transportation  with 
headquarters  at  Washington  has  also  been  created,  and  a  man- 
ager of  this  section  has  been  appointed  to  supervise  the  opera- 
tion of  the  steamship  lines  owned  by  the  railways,  the  object 
beidg  to  co-ordinate  tneir  services  more  completely  with  the  rail- 
w(^s,  as  weU  as  with  other  shipping. 

Two  Inland  Waterways  Districts  have  thus  far  been  created ; 
namely,  the  Mississippi  and  Warrior  Rivers  District,  of  which 
M.  J.  Sanders,  of  New  Orleans,  has  been  made  Federal  Mana- 
gei*  ?and  the  New  York  and  New  Jersey  Canals  District,  includ- 
mg  the  Erie  Canal  with  its  connecting  waterways  and  the  Del- 
aware and  Raritan  Canal,  of  which  G.  A.  Tomlinson  has  been 
made  Federal  Manager. 

This  is  a  brief  oumne  of  the  scheme  of  organization  that  has 
been  set  up  and  the  duties  assigned  to  its  more  important  offi- 
cials. Inasmuch  as  the  corporate  organizations  of  the  various 
companies  owning  the  railways  taken  over  must,  be  preserved, 
and  the  officers  of  those  companies  have  duties  and  responsi- 
bilities to  their  stockholders  and  creditors  that  may  not  be  iden- 
tical with  the  interests  of  the  United  States  Railroad  Admin- 
istration in  operating  the  projperties  as  a  synthesized  system,  it 
has  been  deemed  wisest  to  reheve  these  officers  of  all  responsi- 
bility for  Government  operation,  and  while  many  of  them  will 
remain  in  the  employment  of  the  companies  that  diey  serve  they 
will  have  no  functions  to  perform  in  so  far  as  the  operation 
of  the  railway  properties  during  the  period  -of  Governmental 
control  is  concerned. 

This  management  will  lie  exclusively  in  charge  of  the  Regional 
Directors,  the  Federal  Managers,  and  the  General  Managers, 
appointed  by  the  Director-General,  who  will  report  to  the  cen- 
tral administration  in  Washington.  That  there  may  be  no 
question  of  dual  allegiance  on  their  part,  these  Federal  appointees 
nave  been  required  to  terminate  all  their  relations  with  the 
corporations,  whether  as  officers  or  directors.  The  policy  of  the 
Director-General  in  thus  differentiating  between  the  corpo- 
rate officers  and  the  Federally  appointed  operative  officers  has 
resulted  in  some  misconce^ition. 

It  has  been  erroneously  stated  that  the  presidents  of  the  rail- 
ways were  "  discharged.'  Such  is  not  the  case.  All  of  the  rail- 
way corporations  are  officered  by  presidents  and  as  many  other 
officials  as  their  directors  find  it  necessary  to  employ,  but  these 
officers  are  not  officers  of  the  United  States  Railroad  Adminis- 
tration. 

While  prior  to  Government  control  there  could  be  no  compe- 
tition in  the  matter  of  the  freight  or  passenger  rates  charged 
by  the  various  railways,  there  was  active  competition  in  the 
solicitation  of  both  freight  and  passenger  business.  In  the  larger 
cities  nearly  all  the  roads  maintained  separate  ticket  offices  and 
employed  many  solicitors  whose  duty  it  was  to  try  to  get 
shippers  to  route  freight  over  the  lines  they  representeid. 

As  under  imified  management  the  freight  and  passenger 
earnings  all  go  into  a  common  fund,  there  has  ceased  to  be  any 
reason  for  inducing  passengers  or  shippers  to  patronize  a  special 
route. 

This  elimination  of  competition  has  made  it  possible  to  con- 
solidate the  ticket  offices  and  dispense  with  the  freight  solicitors. 
It  is  estimated  that  some  $23,000,000  a  year  will  be  saved  by 
the  adoption  of  this  policy  as  it  is  already  being  applied.  In  the 
larger  cities  the  numerous  ticket  offices  maintained  by  the  sepa- 
rate railways  have  been  consolidated,  and  it  is  now  possible  for 
a  traveler  to  purchase  a  ticket  for  any  one  of  the  available 
routes  at  a  single  office.  The  change,  like  all  changes,  resulted 
in  some  inconvenience  when  it  was  at  first  introduced,  but  the 


public  is  rapidly  coming  to  appreciate  its  advantages,  and  as 
soon  as  it  shall  have  been  possible  to  recruit  the  depleted  ticket- 
selling  force  by  the  addition  of  trained  women  the  saving  in 
time  that  the  new  plairTenders  possible  will  doubtless  be  appar- 
ent. It  is  in  the  line  of  scientific  progress  and  economy,  and  its 
logic  is  indisputable. 

Another  innovation  that  may  be  regarded  as  in  the  line  of 
scientific  economv  is  what  is  in  railway  parlance  described  as 
the  "  rerouting  of  freight."  When  the  railways  were  in  compe. 
tition,itwas  to  the  financial  interest  of  a  given  line  to.  carry  we 
freight  the  longest  possible  distance  over  its  own  lines.  In  doing 
this  it  was  assured  of  a  larger  share  of  the  through  rate  than  it 
might  have  been  able  oth6i^s«,to  secure.  The  result  was  that 
those  railways  which  had  the  best  solicitors  sent  the  traffic  they 
secured  over  their  own  lines,  which  were  often  circuitous  and 
longer  than  the  competing  routes. 

Now  the  United  States  Railroad  Administration  tries  to  send 
the  freight  that  it  carries  by  theishortest  routes  that  are  available, 
providM  the  grade  and  condition  of  the  shorter  route  make  its 
use  possible. 

Great  progress  has  been  made  in  this  direction,  especially  in 
the  West,  and  many  new  through  lines  are  being  developed. 
One  of  them,  from  Los  Angeles  to  Dallas  and  Fort  Worth,  is 
over  five  hundred  miles  shorter  than  the  routing  via  the  South- 
em  Pacific  lines  formerly  much  used.  Another,  from  the  oU-fields 
at  Casper,  Wyoming,  to  Montana  and  Washington  State  points, 
is  880  miles  shorter  than  the  route  formerly  used.  Fruit  from 
southern  California  to  Ogden  is  hauled  201  miles  less  than  by 
the  route  previously  used.  Still  another  route  between  Chicago 
and  Sioux  City  is  110  miles  shorter  than  the  one  previously  used. 
A  new  route  between  Kansas  City  and  Galveston  has  been 
developed  which  is  289"  miles  shorter  thau  the  1,121  miles  pre- 
viously traversed.  Eighty-eight  miles  have  been  saved  by  devis- 
ing a  new  route  between  Mason  City  and  Marshalltown,  Iowa, 
and  103'  miles  by  a  new  route  between  Fort  Dodge,  Iowa,  and 
Chicago.  The  route  from  southern  California  to  Kansas  City 
has  b^n  shortened  by  234  miles. 

As  one  example  of  the  ecoi^omy  that  has  been  thus  made  pos- 
sible it  may  be  mentioned  that  recently  during  a  period  of  about 
sixty  days  some  8,999  cars  were  rerouted  in  a  certain  Western 
territory,  so  as  to  effect  a  saving  in  the  mileage  traveled  by 
each  car  of  195  miles,  eqiial  to  a  total  of  1,754,644  car  miles. 

These  are  only  a  few  of  the  mileage  economies  in  the  routing 
of  freight  and  passengers  that  have  already  been  applied.  In- 
stances could  be  multiplied,  but  those  mentioned  are  sufficient 
to  indicate  the  progress  that  is  being  made  in  this  work.  It 
means  a  substantial  reduction  in  the  cost  and  time  of  transpor- 
tation between  many  given  points  and  the  more  intensive  em- 
plojnnent  of  both  the  rolling  stock  and  equipment  of  the  rail- 
ways. 

Another  important  economy  has  been  effected  by  the  elimina- 
tion of  unnecessary  passenger  trains.  Between  many  of  the 
larger  cities  of  the  country  served  by  competing  railways  there 
was  a  surplusage  of  elaborately  equipped  trains.  In  many  cases 
they  started  and  arrived  at  the  same  time.  Some  of  them  were 
only  half  filled.  Thus,  for  instance,  there  were  two  twenty-hour 
trains  between  New  York  and  Chicago  that  left  and  arrived  at 
the  same  hour.  Between  Chicago  and  St.  Paul  there  were  three 
or  four  trains  leaving  about  six  o'clock  in  the  evening  and 
arriving  at  practicaUy  the  same  hour  the  next  morning.  There 
was  a  similar  duplication,  and  in  some  cases  a  triplication  or 
quadruplication,  of  service  between  many  of  the  larger  centers, 
ui  the  winter  there  were  three  Florida  flyers  between  New 
York  and  Jacksonville.  One  train  run  in  two  or  more  sections 
when  necessary  would  have  served  the  public  traveling  to  Florida 
just  as  well. 

Many  of  these  unnecessary  trains  have  been  eliminated.  In 
the  territory  west  of  Chicago  and  the  Mississippi  River  passen- 
ger trains  that  traversed  an  aggregate  of  21,000,000  miles  a 
year  have  been  done  away  with.  The  saving,  estimating  the  cost 
of  hauling  a  passenger  train  at  one  dollar  a  mile,  whi^  is  less 
than  the  present  expense  of  operation,  is  approximately  f21,000,- 
000  annually.  The  pubHo  is  just  ta  well  served,  and  die  roads 
over  which  the  abandoned  trams  MiieA  to  be  moved  have  been 
freed  for  freight  and  local  traffic.  In  the  Eastern  district  unes- 
sential passenger  trains  that  used  to  travel  26,400,000  miles  per 

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22 


THE  OUTLOOK 


annum  have  been  elimmated. .  In  other  r^oQal  districts  super- 
fluous trains  are  being  rapidly  Annulled.  The  through  trav^  is 
being  directed  to  the  shorter  and  natural  routes,  the  hauling  of 
special  trains  or  private  cars  is  being  discounted,  the  schedules 
are  being  revised  so  that  connections  wilt  be  closer,  and  railway 
tickets  between  competitive  points  are  honored  by  any  of  the 
competitive  routes,  so  that  the  traveler  is  free  to  use  the  trains 
leaving  at  the  most  convenient  hour.  Other  reforms  that  have 
been  introduced  include  the  abolition  of  the  practice  under 
which  an  opulent  or  extravaJjQft  traveler  could  occupy  a  whole 
section  in  a  sleeping-car  upoB'  one  railway  ticket  or  a  compart- 
ment upon  a  ticket  and  a  half,  thus  depriving  his  less  prosper- 
ous or  more  thrifty  f ellow-passen^H^ff  the  deeping  accommo- 
dations to  which  he  was  entitled. 

Other  important  economies  that  are  being  worked  out  in  con- 
nection with  the  passenger  ser^fj^nclude  the  common  use  of 
the  same  terminals  by  railways^$rmeriy  in  competition  and 
using  separate  terminals.  The  mos{  conspicuous  example  of  the 
latter  innovation  is  the  use  of  ^e  Pennsylvania  terminal  in 
New  York  for  through  trains  via  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  be- 
tween Washington  and  New  York.  Passengers  wishing  to  go 
from  New  York  to  Washington  by''4he  Baltimore  and  Ohio 
used  to  have  to  take  the  Twenty-third  Street  or  Liberty  Street 
ferry  and  cross  the  river.  ^48  was  inconvenient.  The  result 
was  that  the  Pennsylvania  gat  thn.bulk  (A  the  traffic,  although 
the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  maintained  a  well-equipped  and  very 
full  service.  Now  it  really  makes'  xm  difference  to  the  traveler 
between  Washington  and  Itew  Yoi^  whij^  road  he  goes  by. 
Both  make  practically  the  same  time  and  leave  4md  arrive  from 
and  at  the  same  terminals.  In  this  eae^  m  in  many  others,  the 
trains  have  been  "  staggered  "-f(S.  g^  it  hks  been  arranged  that 
they  shall  leave  at  successive  hours  instead  of  at  the  same  time, 
as  tiiey  often  did  in  the  past.  The  i^esult  is  that  fewer  trains  are 
necessary.  A  ticket  from  Washington  to  New  York,  or  vice 
versa,  is  good  over  either  road,  ^uid,  as  there  is  a  train  nearly 
every  hour,  it  is  almost  unnecessary  to  consult  the  time-tables. 

It  is  hard  to  say  which  of  the  many  progressive  ideas  that  are 
being  worked  out  will  have  the  greatest  value  measured  in  terms 
of  increased  efficiency  or  money  saved,  but  one  -of  the  most 
imjportant  is  the  plan  that  has  been  adopted  for  the  standardi- 
zation of  engines  and  freight  oars.  No  one  seems  to  know 
how  many  -different  types  of  freight  can^Jiave  hitherto  been 
used  in  the  American  railway  service  'An  estimate  pub- 
lished a  year  or  more  ago  put  the  nuiSber  at  2,023,  but  no 
railway  man  will  vouch  for  its  accuracy.  Nearly  every  impor- 
tant nulway  had  its  own  specifications  for  car-building.  None  of 
these  were  identical,  and  they  were  generallf'tshang^  in  some 
more  or  less  important  detail  when  new  cars  were  ordered. 
There  were  box  cars  of  both  steel  and  wood,  gondola  cars,  flat 
cars,  hopper  cars,  refrigerator  cats,  tank  cars,  automobile  cars, 
furniture  cars,  cattle  cars,  and  many  olher  sorts  of  cars  suited 
to  tiie  different  varieties  of  traffic.  When  a  car  broke  down,  it 
frequently  had  to  be  sent,  if  it  could  travel  at  all,  to  be  repaired 
in  the  shops  of  the  road  by  which  it  was  owned. 

The  action  taken  by  the  Eailroad  Administration  will  make 
this  unnecessary,  at  least  in  so  far  as  tlie  hundred  thctssand  new 
freight  cars  that  have  been  ordered  are  concerned.  Some  of  them 
have  already  been  delivered,  and  the  balance  will  follow  as 
rapidly  as  the  shops  can  torn  them  out.  A  minimum  of  standard 
types  has  been  agreed  upon.  They  are  as  follows :  Three  types 
for  box  cars,  two  for  hopper  cars,  three  for  gondola  cars,  one 
for  refrigerator  cars,  one  for  tank  cars,  and  one  for  flat  cars. 
The  standard  type  of  cattle  car  is  under  consideration  and  will 
shortljr  be  agreed  upon.  It  is  surprising  to  find  how  experts 
are  disagreed  as  to  the  best  type  or  cattle  car.  Twelve 
tyi)es  of  cars  will  be  substituted  for  the  2,023  in  use,  if 
that  estimate  is  correct  The  parts  of  these  twelve  types 
will  be  interchangeable.  The  increase  in  the  efficiency  and 
serviceability  of  the  rollfng  stock  will  be  great.  The  mobility  of 
the  freight  car  equipment  will  also  be  g^reatly  increased  by  the 
abolition  of  the  car-accounting  organizations.  Formerly  one 
railway  company  using  the  cars  of  another  company  was 
charg^  a  per  diem  rental  for  them,  and  a  very  intricate  and 
expensive  system  of  accountiiig  was  necessary  in  order  to  adjust 
these  chaises.  Some  of  the  companies  that  were  poorly  supplied 
with  cars  made  a  practice  of  keeping  "  foreign  "  cars — i.  e.,  cars 


belonging  to  some  other  company — on  their  lines  to  the  detrimeol 
of  tiie  well-equipped  roads.  To  trace  and  recover  theae  can 
many  car-tracing  bureaus  were  maintained.  They  employed 
hundreds  of  men.  All  this  will  be  done  away  with.  The  surplm 
of  rolling  stock  on  one  road  or  in  any  particular  section  of  tlu 
country  will  be  immediately  distributed  among  the  roads  in 
need  of  additional  equipment,  and  a  much  more  intensive  uh 
of  the  rolling  stock  will  be  made  possible. 

In  the  department  of  motive  power,  which  provides  and  earn 
for  the  locomotives,  the  same  general  plan  has  been  adopted. 
Some  thirty  types  of  locomotives' of  at  least  one  hundred  differ- 
ent weights  have  hitherto  been  in  use.  There  are  from  thirtera 
to  eighteen  thousand  different  pieces  of  metal  in  a  looomotive. 
In  some  cases  they  are  cut  to  a  measurement  of  one  one-thoo- 
sandth  of  an  inch,  and  many  of  the  parts  fitted  to  one  locomotive 
are  useless  for  the  repair  of  another.  To  meet  these  difficulties 
the  Railroad  Administration  has  decided  that  only  six  types  <i 
locomotives  of  two  weights  each  shall  hereafter  be  purchased 
The  parts  of  the  various  types  will  be  interchangeable.  Their 
construction  will  be  uniform.  They  can  do  the  work  for  whidi 
they  are  designed  anywhere,  and  can  be  operated  with  greater 
safety,  because  an  engineer  or  fireman  who  is  familiar  with  the 
locomotive  of  one  type  will  be  able  to  run  any  other  machine  of 
the  same  type  efficiently  without  going  through  the  process  of 
"  becoming  acquainted  "  with  it.  Accurate  comparisons  between 
the  coal  consumed  and  the  work  done  will  be  possible  without 
the  allowances  that  have  previously  had  to  be  made  for  the 
differences  in  construction  or  power,  and  the  train-load  can  be 
•  accurately  corelated  to  the  known  power  of  the  different  types 
in  use.  Some  1,415  new  locomotives  have  been  ordered  by  the 
Railroad  Administration.  More  will  be  ordered  as  fast  as  the 
builders  can  supply  them,  after  making  allowance  for  the  loco- 
motives that  the  War  Department  requires  for  the  service  of 
our  Army  in  France  and  the  r^trictions  that  the  War  Industries 
Board  has  imposed  upon  the  distribution  of  the  necessary  steel. 

These  are  but  a  few  of  the  economic  and  executive  reforms 
that  have  been  planned  or  applied,  but  the  human  side  of  the 
problem  has  not  been  neglected  meantime,  and  a.  consisteDt 
effort  is  being  made  to  carry  out  Mr.  McAdoo's  policy  and 
"  humanize  the  railways  and  n^^ative  the  idea  that  corporatiom 
have  no  souls."  The  wages  of  employees  have  been  advanced  in 
accordance  with  the  recommendations  of  the  Railroad  Wage 
Commission  as  modified  by  the  Director-General.  The  basM 
eight-hour  day  has  been  recognized.  The  women  employed  hy 
the  railways  have  been  put  upon  the  same  wage  basis  "lijBTr 
performing  a  similar  duty,  and  instructions  have  been  MRMd 
that  no  women  shall  be  permitted  to  occupy  positions  ""iratlri 
to  their  sex  or  allowed  to  work  amid  conditions  that  are  JMt 
The  discrimination  against  Negroes  that  has  hitherto  ionaiSSk- 
pression  in  the  payment  to  them  of  lower  wages  than  whituMB 
received  for  similar  service  has  been  discountenanced  ^tjb 
issuance  of  an  order  eliminating  the  color  line  from  the  w$|pi 
schedule. 

The  organization  of  a  Bureau  for  Suggestions  and  Complaiab 
has  been  announced  under  a  notice  posted  in  all  the  stations  aal 
passenger  cars,  which  reads  as  follows : 

TO  THE  PUBLIC 

I  desire  your  assistance  and  co-operation  in  making  the  raS* 
road  service  while  under  Federal  control  in  the  highest  poesiUlft 
degree  satisfactory  and  efficient. 

Of  course,  the  paramount  necessities  of  the  war  must  havt 
first  consideration. 

Our  gallant  sons  who  are  fighting  in  France  and  on  the  hioh 
seas  cannot  be  adequately  supported  unless  the  railroads  sup^W 
sufficient  transportation  for  the  movement  of  troops  and  WW 
materials,  and  to  keep  the  war  industries  of  the  Nation  going 
without  interruption. 

The  next  purpose  is  to  serve  the  public  convenience,  comfo(t| 
and  necessity  to  the  fullest  extent  not  incompatible  with  thft 
paramount  demands  of  the  war. 

In  onler  to  accomplish  this,  criticisms  and  suggestions  from 
the  public  will  be  extremely  helpful,  whether  they  relate  to  the 
service  rendered  by  employees  and  officials  or  impersonal  details 
that  may  convenience  or  inconvenience  patrons  of  the  rulroads. 
It  is  impossible  for  even  the  most  vigilant  management  to  keep 
constantly  in  touch  with  lacal  conditions  and  correct  them  when 
they  are  not  as. they  should.be,  unless  the  public  will  co-operate 


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CURRENT    EVENTS    ILLUSTRATED 


PMCM  ILUMTfWTINa  MltVICC  (C)  COMMITTEE  ON  PUBLIC  tNf  onMATION 

GENERAL  BADOOUO,  OP  THE  ITALIAN  ARMY  QKNKRAL  PERSHING  AT  THE  FRONT,  IN  A  STEEL  HELMET, 

To8«thar  with  G«Mnl  Dim  and  Genenl  Giudino,  G«ii«ml  BadogUo  than*  the  PREPARED  FOR  ACTION 

oradit  oi  the  raoent  Italian  Tiotoriea  on  the  Piava 


nSM  lUIMTIIATan  MMVIM 

LIEUTENANT  RENfi  FONOK,  THE  FAMOUS  FRENCH  ACE 

Li«ut«nant  Fonak,  aooording  to  recent  despatohee,  ha*  bronght  down  hia  rixty- 

Ihiid  enemy  plane.    Thi*  place*  him  on  an  equality  with  the  aoe  of  aoe*, 

Gnmemer,  in  the  number  of  hia  air  rictorie* 


aAMt  News  *(avioc 

NICOLAS  TCHAYKOVSKr.  PRESIDENT  OF  A  NEW  RUSSIAN 
REPUBLIC 
Mr.  Tohaykoraky  ha*  lonK  been  known  aa  a  ivTolationiat.  It  is  anooonoed  that 
he  i*  to  be  Preairlent  of  "  the  Ooremment  of  Northern  Ku**ig^l  V^ 


(e)  INTOMATtOMAL  FILM  ICRVICS 


-  A  MILITABY-NAVAL  WEDDING 


This  pictnre,  which  brings  to  miiiS  a  well-known  painting,  "The  Queen  of  the  Swords,"  by  W.  Q.  Orchardson,  R.A.,  has  peculiar  significanoe  in  that  it  symbolizes 
the  onion  of  Army  and  Navy,  the  bride  being  B[i^BiOn|ae  Franklin,  a  daoghter  of  Commander  William  B,  Franklin,  of  the  United  States  Navy,  and  the  biktegroora 

,      Lieutenant  ^^  fi.^Uck,  son  of  Major<}eneral  W.  M.  Black,  of  the  United  States  Army 


IHTIRNATIONAL  FILM  SERVICt 


THE  PKESIDE>fT  OF  CHINA  REVIEWING  TROOPS  DEPARTING  FOR  SIBERIA 

A  Chinese  force  will,  it  is  announced,  join  the  Allies  at  Vladivostok.    In  the  picture  the  President  of  China,  Feng  Kuo-chaug,  is  seen  reviewing  a  detadiment  of 

these  troops 


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TRAINING  TO  BECOME  A  DESPATCH-BEAREK  FOR  THE  ARMY 


I  despatch-bearer  must  know  how  to  carry  his  despatches  and  his  machine  successfully  throngh  extraordinary  places,  and  his  tmininR  must  provide  for  such 
nier^enciea.  The  tests  to  which  candidates  for  the  position  of  despatch-bearer  by  motorcycle  are  subjected  include  the  trial  of  a  difficult  leap  in  midair  such  as  is 
hown  in  the  picture.    The  rider  in  this  case  is  not  under  actual  test,  but  is  practicing.   He  is  ■).  W.  Terhune,  of  Hackensack,  N.  J.,  and  is  shown  making;  a  recoid 

jump  of  thirty-six  feet  ,  '  i 


PMH.  THOMPSON 

mOB  MHOOL  OIRL  OF  SOHXRVIIXK,  HASSACHUSKTrB,  AT  WORK  OH  BOSTON  OIRLS  AT  WORK  ON  A  SECTION  OP  THK  COMMON  DBVOTKD  TO 

THX  CITT  FARM  DURING  VACATION  WAR  OARUENB 


AMERICA'S  "LAND  ARMY"  AT  WORK 


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26 


THE   OUTLOOK 


4  Septen 


in  pointtng  out  deficiencies  and  disservice  when  they  exist,  so 
that  the  proper  remedies  may  be  applied. 

I  have,  therefore,  established  a  Bureau  fob  Suoobstions 
ASV  CoHPLAuns  in  the  Director-General's  office  at  Washing- 
ton, to  which  the  public  is  invited  to  resort 

Aside  from  letters  of  complaint  and  suggestion,  the  public  can 
render  a  genuine  service  by  sending  letters  of  commendation  of 
employees  who  are  conspicuously  courteous  and  efficient  in  the 
penormance  of  their  duties.  Nothing  promotes  the  esprit  of  a 
great  organization  more  than  recognition  from  time  to  time  of 
ttiose  employees  who  perform  their  duties  fiuthfully  and  com- 
mendably. 

It  is  requested  that  all  communications  be  brief  and  explicit, 
and  that  the  name  and  address  of  the  writer  be  distmctly 
written. 

Also  give  the  time  of  day  or  night,  the  number  of  the  train, 
the  name  of  the  railroad,  and,  if  possible,  the  name  of  the  em- 
ployee whose  conduct  is  complained  of  or  whose  services  are 
commended,  together  with  such  other  information  as  will  enable 
me  to  take  appropriate  action. 

Please  adcb«es  w    r.    m    » 

W.  G.  McAdoo, 

Director-General  of  Railroads, 

Bureau  for  Suggestions  and  Complaints, 

Washington,  D.  G. 

Studies  are  being  made  to  determine  whether  the  adoption 
of  an  equitable  and  universal  ^lan  for  Um  compensation  of  em- 
ployees in  case  of  death  or  mjury  and  the  provision  of  life, 
nealth,  and  old-age  insurance  is  practicable.  There  are  1^^ 
difficulties  in  the  way  ariung  from  the  existence  of  pension  and 


insurance  ^luis  previously  in  use,  but  they  will  probably 
overcome.  The  problem  is  a  big  one  and  its  solution  will  reqi 
time. 

To  meet  the  advance  in  the  wages  of  railway  employees  wl 
the  Director-General  has  allowed  in  accordance  with  the  reo 
mendation  of  the  Railroad  Wage  Commission  and  the  incre 
in  other  operating  charges,  passenger  rates  have  been  advan 
to  three  cents  a  mile  and  freight  rates  by  an  average  of  twei 
five  per  cent.  These  advances  were  necessary.  They  are  tar  '. 
than  those  that  have  been  established  since  the  outbreak  of 
war  for  nearly  every  other  service  that  is  performed  or  ev 
commodity  that  is  consumed.  That  they  wiU  be  cheerfully  i 
by  the  Amwican  public  th«re  is  no  doubt. 

This  is  but  a  partial  list  of  the  more  important  reforms  i 
changes  already  adopted  or  under  immediate  coosiderati 
Their  effect  in  increasing  the  efficiency  of  the  aervioe  and 
larging  the  capacity  of  the  existing  railway  facilities  cannot 
definitely  stated  or  approximated  as  yet.  Most  of  the  chan 
have  been  effected  wiutin  the  last  two  mcMiths  and  under  prii 
ownership  sixty  days  have  been  required  for  the  oompilat 
of  informing  railway  statistics. 

Speaking  gmenmy,  howevor,  the  figures  thus  far  ooDa 
show  that  encouraging  proeress  has  been  made  in  .aoeelerat 
the  movement  of  traffic  and  in  employing  the  available  eqi 
ment  more  intensively,  and  I  venture  the  predicti<m  that  by 
time  autumn  turns  the  leaves  the  serviceable  efficioic^  of 
American  raUways  will  be  so  increased  that  but  few  will  qi 
tion  the  wisdom  of  the  President's  aotimi  in  taking  them  ov 


"EUROPE'S   FATEFUL   HOUR" 

A   REVIEW    OF    FERRERO'S    LATEST    BOOK* 
BY   LYMAN   ABBOTT 


GUGLIELMO  FERRERO'S  volume  on  "  Europe's  Fate- 
ful  Hour  "  consists  of  a  series  of  essays  not  very  closely 
connected.  At  least  the  connection  is  spiritual  rather 
than  literary.  The  spirit  which  more  or  lees  pervades  them  all 
may  be  expressed  as  an  interpretation  of  the  contrast  between 
quantity  and  quality,  or  between  power  and  culture,  or  between 
bigness  and  greatness.  The  author  sees  this  as  a  contrast  be- 
tween Latin  and  Teuton  ideals.  This  it  may  be,  but  we  ihink 
that  it  is  more  than  this.  At  least  the  ambition  for  quantity  is 
one  of  the  natural  fruits  of  the  democratic  development  of  the 
last  century  and  a  half. 

In  the  Old  World  the  object  of  life  was  the  development  of 
what  Nietzsche  has  called  the  Superman.  Industry  provided 
comforts  for  the  few  ;  the  many  were  left  in  a  life  of  ignorance 
and  poverty.  For  the  few  were  built  royal  palaces  ;  the  many 
lived  in  huts.  For  the  few  were  woven  and  embroidered  by 
painstaking  industries  splendid  robes ;  the  many  lived  in  rags. 
The  few  sat  down  to  tables  spread  with  rare  foods  and  ooeUy 
wines ;  the  many  lived  on  black  bread  and  often  suffered  from 
hunger.  The  few  rode  in  coaches  with  outriders;  the  many 
walked.  For  the  few  there  were  universities  where  scholars 
were  made  and  culture  was  imparted ;  the  many  knew  not  how 
to  read  or  write.  Even  religion  was  for  the  few — in  Roman 
Catholic  communities  for  those  who  retired  into  convents  and 
monasteries  that  they  might  cultivate  the  religious  spirit,  in  the 
Protestant  communities  for  the  elect;  there  was  no  way  by 
which  the  non-elect  could  join  their  ranks. 

By  democracy  the  object  of  life  has  been  revolutionized.  It 
is  not  the  cultivation  of  a  Superman  or  a  class  of  Supermen.  It 
is  the  largest  possible  life  for  the  largest  possible  number.  In 
democracy,  therefore,  quantity  naturally  comes  first  and  quality 
second.  We  do  not  say  that  this  is  a  necessary  consequence  of 
democracy,  but  it  is  a  natural  first  consequence.  Providing  for 
the  many  could  be  done  only  by  less  painstaking  care  to  pro- 

'  Europe's  Fateful  Hour.  By  GogUelmo  Ferrero.  Dodd,  Mead  &  Co..  New 
Tork.  S2. 


duoe  perfection,  and  the  painstaking  care  to  perfection  ' 
therefore  lessened  and  too  often  abandoned.  Draaooracy  bn 
few  palaces  and  many  homes ;  but  the  homes  are  often  oj 
and  the  ugliness  is  often  increased  by  an  u;norant  attemp 
add  beauty.  Power  looms  have  taken  the  phuse  of  hand  lo< 
and  imitation  the  place  of  real  laces  and  real  embroidery ;  1 
if  shoddy  doth  and  the  imitation  laces  turned  out  by  the  miUi 
are  inferior  to  the  products  of  hand  looms  and  hand-made  la 
they  are  superior  to  the  rags  which  the  poor  had  previoi 
worn.  Adulteration  cheapens  and  sometimes  poisons  the  fc 
sold  in  the  open  markets  ;  but,  in  spite  of  this,  the  food  of 
poor  is  better.  The  coach  and  four  and  the  post-ohaise  g 
place  to  the  stage-coach,  and  that  in  turn  to  the  railway,  foi 
expedition  the  old-time  royal  coaches  could  not  oonapete  v 
the  new-time  democratic  railway  trains.  Public  schools  cs 
into  existence  and  gave  education  to  the  young  people,  but  t 
did  not  give  either  scholarship  or  culture.  Happily,  the  i 
versities  remained,  from  which  scholars  and  cultivated  gen 
men  were  graduated,  and  the  doors  of  these  universities  b 
been  opened  with  remarkable  rapidity,  so  that  now  in  democr 
countries  the  children  of  the  poor  can  often  rise  to  the  higl 
ranks  in  the  Republic  of  Letters.  Music  has  been  adaptet 
the  uncultivated,  and  the  uncultivated  appreciate  rhytiim  i 
melody,  but  not  harmony ;  so  came  secular  ragtime  in  the  h( 
and  sacred  ragtime  in  the  Sunday  schools.  The  phonograj^h 
lowed,  furnishing  sometimes  a  substitute  for,  and  sometimes 
introduction  to,  the  orchestral  interpretations  of  great  mast 
Chromes  made  a  certain  kind  of  art  possible  in  the  home 
the  poor ;  and  those  who  wished  paintings  but  did  not  wisl 
pay  the  price  could  buy  pictures  which  the  artist  painted  w] 
the  buyer  waited  for  them.  Democracy  speeded  up  everythi 
It  was  in  a  hurry,  and  could  not  wait.  Of  this  Signor  Fen 
gives  a  humorous  illustration  : 

One  day  at  New  York  I  was  speaking  in  appreciative  tern 
of  American  architecture  to  a  very  talented  architect.  "  Ye 
yes,"  he  answered,  sarcaatically, "  my  compatriots  are  quite  read 

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THE  OUTLOOK 


27 


>  spend  one  hundred  million  dollan  on  building  a  church  m 
eautiful  as  St  Mark's  in  Venice,  bat  they  would  insist  on  its 
eing  finished  in  eighteen  months." 

>ignor  Ferrero  adds : 

The  reply  was  suggestive.  How  .is  it  possible  to  beautify  a 
rorld  which  is  perpetually  being  transformed,  where  nothing  u 
table,  and  where  eveiythmg,  from  furniture  to  buflding^,  must  be 
limed  out  in  quantities  ?" 

jn  this  world  nothing  is  either  wholly  good  or  wholly  evil, 
e  passion  for  qoantity  has  had  maleficent  as  well  as  beneficent 
alts.  It  sacrificed  quality  to  quantity.  It  changed  the  popu- 
estimate  of  values ;  of  spiritual  as  well  as  material  values, 
at  was  counted  the  greatest  university  which  had  the  great- 
number  of  students,  the  greatest  newspaper  which  had  the 
atest  circulation,  the  greatest  book  which  was  the  bestseller, 
greatest  preacher  who  had  the  greatest  congregation.  Effi- 
icy  in  making  and  seUing  things  regardless  of  their  quality 
ame  in  many  minds  the  supreme  excellence.  Germany  became 
admiration  and  the  envy  of  the  commercial  world  because  she 
isessed  this  excellence  in  a  remarkable  degree.  Other  coun- 
e  were  restrained  in  their  commercial  ambition  by  otLer  con- 
arations.  England  was  restrained  by  her  reverence  /or  tradi- 
1.  "  There  are  no  people  more  slow  to  change  its  opinions, 
thods,  principles,  tastes,  and  convictions  in  matters  of  art, 
jnoe,  rdieion,  philosophy,  and,  even  to  a  certain  extent,  in 
itics."  The  Latin  peoples  were  restrained  by  their  idealism, 
'ranoe  offered  more  resistance  to  this  current  of  thought  tlian 
T  other  country,  but  for  that  very  reason  it  was  too  often  said 
,t  she  was  aging."  America,  the  land  of  a  conglomerate  popu- 
lon,  found  in  democracy  itself  some  safeguards  from  the  perils 
democracy.  "  One  does  not,  however,  need  to  travel  in 
lerica  in  order  to  realize  that  the  Americans  are  no  mere 
■barians,  wholly  given  over  to  money-grubbing.  .  .  .  The 
>rt  made  by  the  Americans  to  establiso  schools  all  over  the 
intry  would  in  itself  be  sufficient  to  refute  such  an  accusa> 
1.  ...  A  writer  p;iven  to  paradox  might  even  assert  that 
lericans  are  more  idealistic  than  Europeans,  ii  the  desire  to 
lerstand,  admire,  and  assimilate  everything,  art,  ideas,  and 
igions  alike,  is  to  be  regarded  as  a  proof  of  idealism.  .  .  . 
by,  then,  struggle  for  the  triumph  of  one  to  the  detriment  of 
other,  instead  of  allowing  man  to  take  from  each  all  the 
)d  that  each  has  to  offer  ?  Those  who  know  North  America 
1  say  that,  if  there  be  a  distinctively  American  doctrine,  it  is 

Germany  was  restrained  neither  by  traditions  as  England,  by 
alism  as  France  and  Italy,  nor  by  the  spirit  of  brotherhood 
America.  Her  traditions  were  all  autocratic  and  barbaric. 
sse  were  not  imposed  upon  her  by  a  despot.  They  were  in 
blood  and  in  the  thoughts  and  habits  of  her  people.  Her  ideals 
■e  all  those  of  despotic  power ;  the  only  instruments  of  national 
atness  which  they  recognized  were  those  of  the  armed  man.  To 

Germans  the  saying  of  Isaiah  was  unmeaning :  "  For  all  the 
lor  of  the  armed  man  in  the  tumult,  and  the^uments  rolled 
»lood,  shall  be  for  burning,  for  fuel  of  fire."  ^e  restraints  of 
ral  idealism  recognizing  numan  rights  and  divine  authority 
y  either  did  not  perceive  or  perceived  only  to  repudiate  them. 
)y  recognized  no  equality  of  nations,  and  therefore  no  in- 
lational  law.  They  recognized  no  brotherhood  of  man,  and 
ref  ore  no  obligations  to  f  eUow-men  of  other  races.  "  The  love," 
}  Bemhardi,  "  which  a  man  showed  to  another  country  as 
li  would  imply  a  want  of  love  for  his  own  countrymen." 
»y  recognized  no  moral  law  superior  to  the  national  self-will ; 
moral  law  above  the  law  of  the  state.  Religion  furnished  no 
Taint,  for  their  God  was  their  ally,  not  their  Lawgfiver. 
If  a  people,"  says  Ferrero,  "  is  to  live  happily  and  work 
Btably,  there  must  be  a  certain  balance  between  quantity 

quality,  and  this  balance  is  only  possible  if  the  ideals  of 
tection — whether  artistic,  moral,  or  religious — are  capable 
etting  a  bound  to  the  desire  for  the  increase  of  wealth.  In 
many  there  is  no  such  balance  between  quantity  and  quality, 
luse  there  are  no  such  ideals  of  perfection  capable  of  setting 
nind  to  the  desire  for  increase  of  wealth.  The  Germans  have 
led  the  world  with  shoddy  goods  and  inferior  and  fraudulent 


imitations.  "  What  are  all  these  Smyrna  carpets  woven  at 
Monza ;  all  these  Japanese  goods  or  all  this  Indian  furniture 
manufactured  at  Hamburg  or  in  Bavaria ;  all  these  Parisian 
novelties  made  in  a  hundred  places ;  all  these  rabbits  whom  a 
lew  weeks  suffice  to  change  into  otters ;  all  these  champagnes 
made  in  America,  in  G«rmany,  in  Italy,  if  not  the  lies  of  quan- 
tity, which  steal  from  mined  and  proscribed  quality  her  last 
rags?"  And  while  Germany  has  not  been  the  only  sinner,  she 
has  been  a  leader  in  this  race,  and  has  set  -the  pace  for  the 
rest  of  the  world.  To  this  passionate  greed  are  due  what  are 
perhaps  the  two  greatest  evils  in  the  world — alcoholism  and 
war.    Says  Ferrero : 

Alone  among  all  tlie  civilizations  of  liistory,  our  civilization 
has  applied  itself  with  the  same  energy  to  manufacture  ever 
greater  quantities  of  all  products,  from  alcohol  to  explosives, 
m>m  cannons  to  aeroplanes,  without  ever  troubUug  itself  as  to  the 
use  that  would  be  made  of  them.  It  is  thus  that  enormous  quan- 
tities of  alcohol  have  been  distilled  ;  and  after  having  been  dis- 
tilled they  have  been  given  to  the  million  to  drink,  even  at  the 
risk  of  destroying  whole  nations.-  The'  primary  sources  of  the 
vice  are  in  the  inaustry  and  not  in  the  men.  It  is  not  the  thirst 
of  men  which  obliges  mdustry  and  agriculture  to  produce  drink 
in  ever-increasin?  quantity ;  it  is  industry  and  agriculture  which, 
swept  along  by  the  tremendous  economic  onrush  of  the  world, 
augment  Vae  production ;  and,  to  dispose  of  it  all,  teach  the 
masses  to  get  drunk.  ...  If  we  want  to  save  the  masses  from 
this  curse,  Uiere  is  only  one  way  :  entirely  to  prohibit  the  distil- 
lation of  the  alcohols  of  inferior  quality  aestined  for  the  making 
of  liqueurs,  and  rigorouslv  to  linut  the  production  of  the  alco- 
hols of  superior  quality.  The  people  will  be  obliged  to  drink  less 
when  they  no  longer  have  any  tiling  at  their  disposition  but  wine, 
beer,  and  a  few  very  expensive  liqueurs. 

From  the  democratic  movement  Germany  was  immune.  She 
did  not  wake  up  to  its  commercial  significance  until  long  after 
the  free  nations  had  perceived  and  taken  advantage  of  it.  The 
colonies  of  England,  France,  and  Italy  practically  covered  the 
uncivilized  world ;  over  most  barbaric  peoples  some  civilized 
flag  was  floating.  The  civilization  of  these  barbaric  peoples 
developed  wants,  and  their  wants  furnished  a  market  for  tlie 
goods  of  the  civilized  Power.  Germany  might  find  a  market 
for  her  goods  in  civilized  nations,  but  there  she  was  compelled 
to  compete  with  their  own  manufacturers,  and  she  was  uways 
liable  to  be  hindered,  if  not  prevented,  from  entering  the  coun- 
tries by  tariffs. 

These  three  motives  conspired  to  impel  Germany  to  war: 
Her  aristocratic  rulers  were  impelled  by  her  ambition  for  power ; 
her  commercial  leaders,  by  their  desire  for  markets ;  the  intel- 
lectuals followed  the  soldier  and  the  manufacturer,  inspired  by 
national  self-conceit.  National  self-conceit  is  to  be  found  not 
in  Germany  alone ;  but  nowhere  in  free  countries  will  be  found 
such  a  self-oonceit  as  is  expressed,  for  example,  in  the  following 
sentence  by  Professor  Eucken,  who  is  probably  the  sanest  and 
broadest-minded  of  modem  German  phdosophers :  "  To  us  more 
than  to  any  other  nation  is  intrusted  the  true  structure  of  human 
existence;  as  an  intellectual  people  we  have,  irrespective  of 
creeds,  worked  for  soul  depth  in  religion,  for  scientific  thorough- 
ness, for  the  creation  of  independent  personality  in  our  educa- 
tional methods.  .  .  .  All  this  constitutes  possessions  of  which 
mankind  cannot  be  deprived;  possessions  the  loss  of  which 
would  make  life  and  effort  purposeless  to  mankind." 

I  have  not  attempted  in  tliis  article  to  indicate  all  the 
forces  which  have  led  Germany  to  initiate  this  world  war ;  but, 
taking  the  suggestion  furnished  by  Signer  Ferrero,  I  have 
endeavore<l  to  point  out  a  partial  answer  to  the  question  which, 
in  common  with  all  the  world,  he  is  asking  and  to  which  his 
book  furnishes  a  partial  answer :  "  The  real  problem  of  the 
European  war  seems  to  present  itself  thus :  How  was  a  nation, 
universally  regarded  as  a  brother  of  the  great  European  family, 
able  to  conceive,  at  the  dawn  of  the  twentieth  century,  the  idea 
of  conquering,  by  surprise,  a  decisive  supremacy  over  all  the 
other  countries  of  the  world,  by  destroying  with  fire  and  sword, 
in  a  few  months,  one  of  the  most  ancient,  most  glorious,  and 
most  active  centers  of  civilization,  and  how  did  it  decide  to 
stake  all  that  is  possessed,  .  .  .  that  is  to  say,  a  very  brilliant 
position,  ...  in  this  venture?" 


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"S.  0.  S.— SEND   OUT  SHIPS" 

HOW   THE   SPIRIT   OF   ADVENTURE    HAS   BEEN   PUT   INTO   INDUSTRY 


MEN,  money,  and  materials  are  the 
three  great  factors  in  industrial 
production.  There  is  no  lack  of 
raw  material  within  our  country  ; 
neither  is  there  lack  of  money.  Because  of 
the  schedules  of  production  which  we  have 
fixed  for  ourselves  there  is  a  shortage  of 
industrial  man  power.  It  was  necessarv, 
therefore,  to  distrihute  our  available  supply 
of  manpower  among  our  essential  industries 
in  the  order  of  their  need. 

This  having  been  accomplished,  the  most 
important  work  remained  to  be  done.  Each 
human  worker  has  to  be  impressed  with  the 
vital  importance  of  the  part  which  he  plays. 

To  fully  accomplish  tnis  the  worker  must 
be  permitted  to  share  in  the  adventure  of 
industry.  There  b  adventure  in  industry, 
but  usually  it  is  confined  to  the  chief  execu- 
tives of  the  organization.  By  sharing  it 
with  the  workers  their  interest  and  pride 
in  production  results  will  be  aroused. 

Instead  of  being  permitted  to  dwell  upon 
the  deadly  monotony  of  the  Heating  of 
rivets  hour  on  hour,  the  heater  boy  in  the 
ship-building  plant  must  be  made  to  see  that 
upon  his  eiliciency  and  steadiness  depends 
the  work  of  hb  riveting  crew ;  that  upon 
tlie  work  of  his  crew  and  the  many  others 
just  like  it  depends  the  speedy  completion  of 
a  ship ;  that  awaiting  that  ship  are  soldiers 
for  the  trenches,  munitions  for  the  armies, 
and  food  for  our  troops  and  our  allies. 

A  matter  of  hours  gained  by  the  riveters 
in  fabricating  the  ship  may  seem  unimpor- 
tant. 

A  matter  of  hours  gained  in  the  delivery 
of  a  ship's  load  of  machine-gun  mimitions 
at  the  height  of  a  battle  may  mean  the  dif- 
ference between  victory  and  defeat. 

It  b  just  thb  conception  that  needs  to 
be  brought  home  to  each  worker  in  every 
essential  industry  in  our  country. 

So  may  a  negative  be  changed  into  a 
positive  condition,  the  dbinclination  to  pro- 
duce may  be  overcome,  the  lack  of  interest 


BY   DOUGLAS    H.  COOKE 

in  production  may  be  eliminated,  by  instill- 
ing within  each  worker  an  intense  personal 
interest  in  the  objective,  an<l  inspiring  him 
with  a  real  inclination  to  produce  to  the 
utmost,  hour  after  hour,  aay  after  day, 
week  after  week. 

The  key  to  wrinning  the  war  is  ships. 
Realizing  this,  our  Government  took  com- 
plete charge  of .  the  industry  through  tlie 
medium  of  the  United  States  Shipping 
Board  Emergency  Fleet  Corporation. 
There  then  arose  serious  question  as  to 
whether  the  workers  in  the  shipyards  and 
allied  industrial  plants  would  nse  to  the 
need.  A  higher  scale  of  wage  was  adopted 
tlian  had  ever  before  been  paid  for  this 
class  of  work  in  the  history  of  the  world. 
But  for  a  time  even  this  did  not  suffice. 
ftlany  men  would  work  until  they  had  re- 
ceived the  amount  of  pay  to  which  they 
had  been  accustomed  in  previous  occupa- 
tions. Then  they  would  loaf  the  rest  of  the 
week.  Few  seemed  to  realize  the  terrible 
gravity  of  the  situation.  The  Board  recog- 
nized this  as  a  g^eat  problem  in  the  psy- 
chology of  the  industrial  worker,  and  took 
steps  to  meet  it  in  a  positive  way. 

The  first  was  the  formation  of  the  Na- 
tional Service  Section,  with  its  main  oflBces 
in  New  York  City,  and  with  Dr.  Charles 
Aubrey  Eaton  as  the  head,  for  the  distinct 
purpose  of  carrying  on  a  campaign  of 
inspiration  and  education  among  the  men 
of  the  shipyards. 

Dr.  Eaton  was  then  pastor  of  the  Madi- 
son Avenue  Baptbt  Church,  and  had  previ- 
ously had  large  churches  in  Cleveland  and 
Toronto.  A  man  of  splendid  physique  and 
magnetic  personality,  hb  greatest  strength 
lies  in  his  deep-rooted  sympathy  with  and 
large  understanding  and  appreciation  of  the 
American  workingman.  It  is  this  feeling  on 
hb  part  that  at  once  transmits  itself  in  a 
telepathic  way  to  his  workingman  audi- 
ences, winning  their  attention,  confidence, 
and  co-operation. 


Hb  conception  of  hb  work  is  best  con- 
veyed in  Dr.  Eaton's  own  words  : 

We  look  upon  oar  task  as  a  National  aerrioe.  We 
apeak  to  the  workers  in  shipyard  and  indastrial 
plants,  not  as  laborin|r  men,  but  as  American 
citizens.  We  know  nothinsr  of  class  or  caste.  Our 
message  is  as  much  for  the  management  as  for  the 
men,  and  for  the  people  of  the  Nation  as  for  thoee 
connected  with  its  indnstrial  production. 

We  appeal  to  the  best  that  'a  in  men.  Class  con- 
aoioosness  is  driven  ont  by  awakenin);  a  National 
oonscionsness.  Small  ideas  are  cured  by  hig  ideas. 

We  show  the  men  that  their  work  to  win  this 
war  ia  not  simply  so  much  work  for  so  much  pay — 
it  is  a  sacrament,  a  religion ;  it  is  fighting  as  truly 
as  if  they  were  in  the  trenches  in  France. 

Dr.  Eaton  divided  his  National  Service 
Section  into  three  broad  divisions — Busi- 
ness Office,  Speakers,  Printed  Publicity — 
all  under  his  own  close  personal  super- 
vision. 

To  head  these  he  operated  his  own 
selective  draft  The  organization  and  con- 
duct of  the  Section  on  a  business  basis  wa« 
placed  in  the  charge  of  Horace  L.  Day,  of 
New  York,  another  of  those  big,  broad 
American  business  men  who  have  placed 
patriotism  before  profit,  abandoning  for 
the  duration  of  war  participation  in  per- 
sonal enterprise. 

The  reaching  of  the  industrial  workers 
in  the  shipyards  of  the  country  through 
printed  messages  as  well  as  through  loc^ 
plant  publications,  general  magazines,  and 
the  daih'  press  was  placed  in  the  charge  of 
A.  R.  Parkhurst,  the  Section's  secretery, 
and  a  prominent  figure  in  the  New  York 
new8paj)er  world.  .  . 

The  work  started  through  the  recruiting 
of  a  staff  of  military  and  layman  speakei-s, 
to  be  despatched  in  pairs  into  every  ship- 
yard and  allied  industrial  plant  m  the 
country.  The  military  speakers  are  British. 
Canadian,  Anzac,  French,  and  Italian  offi- 
cers and  privates,  either  retired  through 
physical  disability  or  in  this  country  on  fur- 
lough and  loaned  to  die  Section  through  the 


18^000  WORKKRS  IN  THE  GREATEST  8HIP-BUILDINO  PLANT  IN  THK  WORLD.  HOG  ISLAND,  PENNSYI^ 
VANIA,  UBTEHINO  TO  AN  ADDRESS  BY  DR.  EATON 
28 


DR.  CHARLES  A.  EATON  AND  ONE  OF  HH  BTATI 
OF  SOLDIER  SPEAKERS,  PRIVATE  CABSSLS 


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THE   OUTLOOK 


29 


conrtesy  of  their  respective  Governments. 
The  type  of  men  b  typified  by  tlie  mention 
of  hot  tew,  such  as  Major-General  Swinton, 
K.C.B.,  D.S.O.,  father  of  the  British  tank  ; 
Lieatenant*CoIoneI  R.  S.  Evans,  D.8.O., 
British  Army ;  and  Corporal  Frank  A.  H. 
Street. 

These  are  all  men  who  Iiave  been  in  the 
thick  of  the  fighting  and  many  have  won 
glory  in  Ufe  trenches.  They  know  the  Hun 
and  his  ways  tlirough  peraonal  contact  and 
insight.  They  know  the  needs  of  the  situa- 
tion through  personal  participation.  They 


kept  the  newspapers  and  magazines  sup- 
plied with  information  as  to  the  progress 
of  these  industrial  fighters.  A  series  of 
pamphlets,  profusely  pictured,  has  con- 
veyM  a  realization  ot  the  vital  need  for 
ships,  and  how  they  could  individually  help 
in  supplying  the  need. 

The  first,  entitled  "S.O.S— Send  Out 
Ships !"  reminded  the  workers  of  the  past 
glories  of  America's  merchant  marine — to 
be  revived.  This  was  followed  by  "  Beat- 
ing the  U-Boat,"  which  contained  pictures 
and  facts  regarding  the  American   ti-ans- 


of  enthusiasm  soon  began  to  set  in  through- 
out the  shipyards  and  allied  industrial 
plants.  Wheels  began  to  turn  faster.  Spirit 
improved  day  by  day ;  output  increased 
hour  by  hour.  Managements  and  men 
began  to  understand  each  other  and,  as  a 
result,  to  trust  each  other  as  never  before. 
Both  got  down  to  one  purpose — to  aid  to 
the  utmost  in  winning  the- war. 

The  positive  good  accomplished  is  evi- 
denced oy  the  telegrams  and  letters  from 
the  managements  of  the  plants,  of  which 
the   following,  received   from   one  of  the 


OK  THK  riRIHO  LOtX 


The  poster  at  the  left  is  by  E.  Hopper,  of  New 
York  City ;  it  won  the  first  prize  in  the  "  Citizens  " 
cUas.  Above  is  the  fiist-prize  winner  in  the  "  Ship- 
Bnilders  "  class,  by  Arthnr  Hutchins,  of  Boston. 
The  poster  at  tne  rigfht  is  by  W,  H.  Hoffman,  a 
schoolboy  of  Savannah,  Georgia ;  it  won  the  first 
prize  in  its  class.  There  were  four  classes — the  first 
open  to  all,  the  second  to  soldiers  or  sailors  only, 
toe  third  to  workers  in  ship-bnilding;  plants  only, 
and  the  fourth  to  aohool-children  only.  There  were 


STRENGTHEN 
AMERICA! 


Join  thearmy 
of  shipbuilders. 


prizes  amounting  to  91,000,  three  to  each  class.  The  Shipping;  Board,  in  its  canipugn  for  atiranlatuK 
patriotic  war  work_  among  the  shipbuilders,  had' the  co-operation  of  the  New  York  "Snn,"  which 
made  the  contest  widely  known  and  aroused  much  enthusiasm.  The  model  for  the  prize  poster  "  Smash 
the  Hun  "  was  a  "  bender  "  in  the  Morse  Dry-dock ;  and  when  he  heard  that  "  his  "  poster  had  woo 
the  prize  he  bectune  so  enthusiastia  that  he  at  once  enlisted  in  the  Navy.  There  was  grreat  excite- 
ment in  the  plant  when  the  poster  was  shown  to  the  men,  for  everybody  at  onca  recognized  Pete  bhen 

PRIZE  P08TKRS  VS  THK  COKPETITION  TO  SPEED  UP  8HIP.BUIU>D(0 
The  prizes  were  offered  by  the  National  Service  Section  of  the  United  States  Shipping  Board,  Emergency  Fleet  Corporation 

largest  munition  plants  in  the  country,  is 
typical : 

My  one  regret  is  that  I)r.  Baton  and  all  the  ainll 
were  not  able  to  witness  the  wonderful  tninsfornin- 
tion  in  the  spirit  of  our  workmen,  including  fore- 
men, superintendents,  officials,  and  all  the  rest. 

You  do  know,  perhaps,  that  approximately  fiflern 
hundred  of  our  men,  from  our  most  ini|iortjiii^ 
departments,  were  not  at  work  because  of  liick  of 
patriotism  and  the  effect  of  German  propaganda, 
and,  knowing  this,  I  am  sure  you  appreciate  the 
seriousness  of  such  a  situation  and  the  great  uer«»- 
aity  for  heroic  effort. 

What  has  been  nccomplishe<l  here  has  been  mmio 
possible  through  your  coopenitiun.  Our  entire  or- 
ganization is  now  awiike  to  the  full  iniportanoe  of 
thetAsk,  and  is  driving  as  it  never  did  befurv  to  w':i 
the  war. 

Another,  from  the  hea<l  of  one  of  our 
largest  shipyards,  says : 

I  have  personiUly  attended  several  eraployitin' 
meetings  where  your  speakerH  were  present. 

I  have  paid  special  attention  to  watching  the 
crowd  of  workiuKn  and  noting  how  they  n-spund. 

There  is  no  doubt  about  the  influence  yon  are 
having.  It  is  upward  and  onward  in  Hliip  production. 
You  will  find  it  stendily  growing,  and  I  ho|><>  all  the 
principals  in  shipynrds  «rill  take  your  work  very 
seriously  and  at  every  opiwrtunity  do  evi-rythini; 
poaailile  to  keep  the  splendid  thoughts  nu>vin; 
which  yon  have  started. 

This  result  is  accomplishc<l  by  ext«ndin<; 
the  worker's  understanding,  t4>uohing  bis 
pride,  arousing  his  love  of  justice  (and 
sometimes  his  fears),  instilling  n-ithin  him 
the  conviction  tliat  he  is  fighting  as  truly 
as  if  he  were  in  the  trenches  in  France,  and 
thus  giving  him  a  participation  in  that 
spirit  of  high  adventure  which  is  necessary 
for  the  greatest  achievements  both  in  peace 
and  war. 

Digitized  by  y<JKJKJ\ll\^ 


are  able  to  deliver  a  message  that  strikes 
fire  in  the  heart  of  the  workingman. 

The  soldiers  are  paired  witn  a  layman 
speaker,  forceful  and  eloquent — usually  a 
volunteer  pastor  or  preacher  on  leave  from 
his  church — and  are  sent  out  at  regular 
intervals.  The  message  they  have  to  deliver 
is  as  much  to  the  managements  as  to  the 
men.  It  is  one  of  cold  fact,  presented  in  a 
graphic,  inspirational  way,  to  bring  vividly 
to  tttem  our  great  need  for  ships.  Perhaps 
the  most  striking  feature  of  these  messages 
is  the  strong  spiritual  note  that  perraues. 
No  stronger  sermons  are  preached  from 
any  pulpit  than  the  strong  man-to-nutn 
and  man-to-God  talks  of  these  soldier- 
fighters. 

Practically  all  of  the  meetings  are  held  on 
"  company  "  time,  for  it  is  then  easier  to 
congregate  all  employees  at  a  designated 
point.  Executives  nave  stated  that  the  time 
lost  by  the  men  while  attending  these  meet- 
ings is  a  good  investment,  as  it  is  quickly 
made  up  by  the  renewed  energy  and  better 
spirit. 

The  Section  has  now  more  than  a  hun- 
dred speakers  on  its  staff.  In  the  month  of 
July  alone  they  talked  in  1,2.52  meetings, 
to  an  audience  totaUng  1,159,089  industrial 
workers.  Dr.  Eaton  himself,  in  addition 
to  his  executive  responsibilities,  addressed 
workers  in  New  York,  New  Jersey,  Illinois, 
Ohio,  Michigan,  California,  Washington, 
and  Oregon,  talking  to  about  13u,000 
more. 

Supplementing  the  speakers,  Mr.  Park- 
hnrst  s  department  has  placed  "  speed  up  " 
posters  about  the  yards,  "  speed  up  "  Utera- 
tnre  in  the  hands  of  the  workers,  and  has 


ports  sunk  by  the  Hun,  and  calling  upon 
the  shipyard  workers  to  replace  each  one  a 
hundredfold.  Other  booklets  were  "  To 
Back  'Em  Up,"  pointing  out  to  the  workers 
the  need  for  ships  to  back  up  our  boys  in 
the  trenches ;  *'  Let's  Work,"  carrying  a 
personal,  autographed  message  from  the 
President  to  the  workingman ;  "  Spurs  to 
Speed,"  which  contained  words  of  appreci- 
ation for  tlie  splendid  spirit  shown  by  the 
men. 

One  of  the  mediums  for  reaching  the 
workers  is  the  (my-roll  envelope,  in  which 
are  placed  "  spoonfuls  of  patriotism "  in 
the  form  of  small  cards  bearing  war  mes- 
sages from  men  of  international  reputation. 
Literature  is  also  atldrvssed  to  the  wife  of 
the  ship-builder,  that  she,  too,  may  realize 
the  need  for  her  husband  to  work  eight  hours 
a  day,  six  days  a  week,  week  after  week. 

The  Section  held  a  poster  competition 
which  brought  in  nearly  fifteen  hundred 
entries;  many  of  them  bearing  the  names  of 
pruniinent  American  arti.sts.  Tlicsc  are  to 
supply  a  new  fund  of  inspirational  posters 
to  be  placed  in  the  8hi]>yards  and  ]>mnt8. 

Managements  of  plants  have  been  urged 
and  aided  to  establish  service  departments 
in  their  plants ;  to  organize  employee  asso- 
ciations, bands,  encourage  spoi-ts,  and  in 
every  way  promote  tlie  best  interests  of 
the  employees.  In  more  than  one  plant  the 
Section  has  inaugurated  an  Industrial  Rela- 
tions Agreement,  which  aims  at  large  mu- 
tual understanding  between  employer  and 
employee,  with  the  result  that  tlie  just  aspi- 
rations of  the  men  will  be  advanced  and 
unreasonable  demands  witlidrawm. 

As  a  result  of  tlie  Section's  work  a  tide 


30  THE   OUTLOOK 

WEEKLY  OUTLINE   STUDY  OF 
CURRENT  HISTORY 

BY  J.   MADISON   GATHANY,   A.M. 

BOPB  STREET  HIGH  SCHOOL.  PBOVIOKNCE.  H.  L 

Baaed  on  The  Outlook  of  August  28, 1918 

BSftoh  week  an  Oatline  Stady  oi  Carrent  Hiitory  based  on  the  precaiing  number  of  The  Ootlook  viQ 
be  printed  for  the  benefit  of  oarrent  erenta  claaaee,  debating  olnba,  teaohert  of  history  and  of  Bngjiah,  and 
the  like,  and  for  use  in  the  home  and  by  snob  indiridnal  readers  as  may  desire  suggestions  in  the  serious 
study  of  enrrent  history. — Thb  Bdctobs. 


[Those  who  are  using  the  veekly  outline  should 
not  attempt  to  cover  the  whole  of  an  outline  in  any 
one  leaaon  or  study.  Assign  for  one  lesson  selected 
questions,  one  or  two  propositions  for  diaoossion,  and 
only  such  words  as  are  found  in  the  material  assigned. 
Or  distribute  selected  questions  among  different 
members  of  the  class  or  group  and  have  them 
report  their  findings  to  all  when  assembled.  Then 
haye  all  discuss  the  questions  toeether.l 

I — ^uttebkational  affatss 

A.  Tovie:  Direct  Testimony;  German 
Self- Accusation ;  Poniskment  of  the 
Kaiser. 

Beference:    Pa^es    643,    645;    editorial, 

pages  648,  &9. 
Questions  : 

1.  Write  an  editorial  on  the  material 
quoted  from  the  letter  received  from  France 
by  a  member  of  The  Outlook's  staff.  Think 
out  not  less  than  tliree  appropriate  titles  to 
your  editcrial  and  explain  why  you  think 
they  are  suitable  captions.  2.  The  Outlook 
thinks  that  the  German  army  should  be 
"  so  crushed  that  for  generations  the  world 
will  remember  dieir  fate  as  a  wamins;  to 
the  lawless."  Is  or  is  not  The  Outlook 
advocating  for  the  Allies  the  principle  of 
«  German  f rightfulness  "  ?  3.  The  Outlook 
quotes  Uie  "  Frankfurter  Zeitung  "  as  say* 
ing  that  "  the  German  political  system  is 
false."  When  is  a  political  system  sound  ? 
Indicate  specifically    wherein  Germany's 

rlitical  system  stands  in  need  of  reform. 
What  would  have  to  be  done,  and  how 
long  do  you  think  it  would  take,  to  develop 
sound  public  opinion  in  Germany  ?  5.  On 
page  d48  The  Outlook  speaks  of  "the 
pyohology  of  the  Kaiser."  What  is  meant 
oy  this  ?  6.  Explain  Dr.  Hill's  statement 
on  the  same  page :  "  Without  question. 
Kaiser  Wilhelm  II  is  the  most  lustrionic 
sovereign  of  bis  time,  and  perhaps  of  any 
time."  How  prove  Dr.  Hill's  statement  ? 
Do  so.  7.  From  reading  this  editorial,  what 
do  you  conclude  the  present  punishment  of 
Uie  Kaiser  is  ?  8.  The  Outlook  believes  the 
"Kaiser  should  receive  future  punishment  and 
that  that  punishment  should  be  hothphvsi- 
eal  and  psychologicaL  Discuss  just  what, 
in  your  opinion,  that  punishment  should 
be.  Tell  what  you  think  of  the  Allies,  after 
they  have  dented  Germany,  bringing  a 
charge  of  murder  against  Wilhelm  II  and 
ezecutiiLg  him  on  proof  of  that  charge.  9. 
You  will  do  well  to  read  "  The  Roots  of  the 
War,"  by  W.  S.  Davis  (Century)  ;  "The 
Origins  of  the  War,"  by  J.  H.  Rose  (Put- 
nams)  ;  "  True  and  False  Democracy,"  by 
N.  M.  Butler  (Scribners). 

B.  Topic :  The  Czechoslovak  Nation ; 
Czechoslovaks  on  the  Side  of  the 
Allies ;  A  New  Nation. 

B^erenoe:  Pages  644,  651,  652. 
Questions: 

1.  These  references  tell  us  of  the  birth  of 
two  new  nations.  How  many  nations  are 
there  altogether  ?  What  are  the  first-rate 
Powers  of  the  world?  2.  What  is  a  nation? 


What   is   a   race?    What  is   nationality? 

3.  Locate  the  Czechslovak  nation.  What 
facts  has  The  Outlook  given  about  the 
Czechoslovaks    as   a   people   and  nation? 

4.  For  what  reasons  are  the  Czechoslovaks 
on  the  side  of  the  Allies  ?  5.  Discuss  what 
you  think  will  result  from  this  alignment. 
D.  Of  what  nation  is  Hussain  the  first 
King  ?  Where  is  it  ?  What  are  its  ideals  ? 
7.  From  the  information  given  by  The 
Outlook,  what  importance  do  you  attach  to 
the  new  Kingdom  of  the  Hediaz  ?  8.  Find 
out  all  vou  can  about  the  origin  and  cfaaiy 
acter  of  the  Arabs  and  their  religions  con- 
dition before  Mohammed.  Have  they  ever 
been  conquered  by  a  foreign  foe  ?  9.  Give 
the  leading  facts  about  the  Turkish  £m- 

?ire  at  the  dawn  of  the  nineteenth  century. 
0.  What  are  the  most  important  things  to 
be  remembered  about  the  Turks  from 
1801-1918?  11.  Discuss  why  the  Christian 
nations  of  Europe  have  allowed  Turkev  to 
remain  in  Europe.  Should  they  have  oone 
so  ?  12.  Two  worth-while  books  are  "  Na- 
tionality in  Modern  History,"  by  J.  H. 
Rose  (Macmillan),  and  "The  Ottoman 
Empire,"  by  W.  Miller  (Pntnams — Cam- 
bridge University  Press). 
C.  Topic:  The  Message  of  the  World  to 

the  Church. 
Reference :  Editorial,  pages  660,  651. 
Questions: 

1.  What  does  Dr.  Abbott  mean  by  "  the 
Church  "  ?  By  "  sin  "?  2.  Explain  his  state- 
ment: "The  brutalities  in  Belgium  and 
France  are  but  the  outward  manifestation 
of  an  inward  life."  3.  Dr.  Abbott  thinks 
the  modem  ministry  has  done  well  to  re- 
ject the  doctrine  of  "  total  depravity."  Do 
you  ?  4.  Do  you  agree  or  disagree  with  Dr. 
Abbott  when  he  says :  "  Time  is  no  cure 
for  sin."  "Education  is  no  panacea  for 
sin.    Development   will   not  destroy  it "  ? 

5.  What,  according  to  Dr.  Abbott,  is  the 
message  of  the  world  to  the  Church  ?  Dis- 
cuss. D.  What  proof  is  there  that  the  world 
was  never  more  "  eager  to  hear  the  mes- 
sage of  Isaiah  and  Paul "  ? 

n — PBOPOsrriuNB  fob  disoussion 

(Tlese  propositions  are  suggested  directly  or  indi- 
rectly by  the  subject-matter  of  The  OuUook,  but 
not  discussed  in  it.) 

1.  Libertv  and  e<}nali^  are  mutually  de- 
structive. 2.  Public  opmion  is  not  very 
old.  3.  Anarchy  and  despotism  are  friends. 

lU — ^VOCABOLABT  BinU>INO 
(All  of  the  following  words  and  expressions  are 
found  in  The  Outlook  for  August  28,  1918.  Both 
before  and  after  looking  them  up  in  the  dictionary 
or  elsewhere,  give  their  meaning  tn  your  own  uxyrdi. 
The  figures  in  parentheses  refer  to  pages  on  which 
the  words  may  be  found.) 

Validity  (643);  fustian,  bombast  (648); 
melodrama,  anthropomorphic,  logical  (649); 
vanguards  (645);  jehad,  lineal,  nefarious 
(651) ;  tautological,  inefficacy  (650),  sub- 
tleties, ethical  platitudes  (65l). 


A  booklet  suggttting  method$  qf  luing  the  Weekly  Outline  (^  Current  Uittory  wiU  be  tent  on  applieation 


4  September 

THE   NATION'S 

INDUSTRIAL 

PROGRESS 

Believing  that  the  advance  of  business  is  a  snbje^ 
of  vital  mterest  and  importance.  The  Outlook  will 
present  under  the  above  heading  frvqnent  dia- 
cnssions  of  ssbiects  of  industrial  and  oommarcial 
interest.  The  department  will  include  paragTaphs 
of  timely  interest  and  articles  of  educntjonai  value 
dealing  with  the  industrial  npibuilding  of  titt  Nation. 
Comment  and  suggestions  are  invited. 

THE  MOTOR  TRUCK  AS 

THE  NATION'S  HOME 

PROVIDER 

BY  G.  A.  KISSEL 

Pnsldsot  KIsmI  Motor  Car  Compsay 

IF  I  were  asked  what  steps  are  necessary 
to  provide  against  delays  in  overland 
transportation  during  the  coming  win- 
ter months,  I  would  say :  Build  good 
roads  on  the  shortest  i-outes  connecting  im- 
portant centers.  Protect  these  roads  from 
washouts,  cave-ins,  and  other  obstructions 
caused  by  snow  and  ice,  by  building  wind- 
breaks, protection  embankments,  etc. 

Build  loading  sheds  with  platforms  that 
permit  the  quick  loading  and  unloading  of 
goods  and  supplies. 

Form  return  loads  bureaus  and  secure 
the  co-opei-ation  of  every  truck  owner  in 
your  community. 

Promote  motor  rural  express  routes 
among  the  farmers,  dairymen,  produce 
growers,  etc. 

Consolidate  all  retail  delivery,  local  ex- 
press, and  moving  equipment. 

Inaugurate  motor-truck  highways  around 
and  through  cities  and  communities  to  per- 
mit of  uninterrupted  passt^  of  motor 
trucks. 

We  must  not  forget  that  the  winter 
months,  with  their  new  problems,  are  "  just 
over  the  hill."  This  summer  has  seen  in- 
creased activities  in  every  line  of  business. 
The  cotmtry  has  doubled  and  treble<l  its 
production  operations,  with  the  result  tiiat 
we  are  apt  to  forget  that  while  the  summer 
months  are  conductive  to  such  increased 
activities  in  so  far  as  transportation  and 
haulage  of  goods  and  supplies  are  concerned, 
the  wmter  months  are  just  the  other  ex- 
treme. 

Just  as  the  different  armies  overseas  are 
ireparing  for  the  long  winter  siege  ahead 
y  building  and  connecting  railways,  erect- 
inr  supply  bases  and  depots  so  that  there 
wul  be  no  delay  in  carrying  out  the  pro- 
gramme outlined  by  the  general  head- 
quarters, irrespective  of  the  intensity  of  the 
winter  season,  so  industrial  and  mercantile 
America  should  do  likewire.  Transporta- 
tion of  goods  and  supplies  is  just  as  impor- 
tant, it  not  more  so,  during  the  winter 
months  as  during  the  spring  and  summer 
months.  While  a  good  many  sections  of  tlie 
country  apparently  realize  the  necessity  of 
preparing  for  the  coming  winter,  I  do  not 
beheve  that  America  as  a  whole  has 
grasped  the  necessity  of  aution  in  this  mat- 
ter. The  very  fact  that  the  Government  is 
spending  huge  sums  of  money  for  building 
and  maintenance  of  good  roads,  for  the 
purpose  of  facilitating  overland  transpor- 
tation, should  cause  every  community  to 
look  into  Uie  road  conditions  in  its  neigh- 
borhood and  between  it  and  the  next  city, 
and  act  accordingly.  It  has  been  said  that 
the  lack  of  good  roads  is  the  weak  link  in 
our  transportation  chain.  Without  them  the 
maintenance  of  uninterrupted  schedules  is 
almost  an  impossibility,  because  not  only  do 
Digitized  by  y^JVjyjWls^ 


I 


1918 


THE  OUTLOOK 


31 


S5233 


WANTED 


3,000  Red-Blooded  Men 

"  There  is  no  Railroad  President — no  Corporation  Director  in  America  too  big  for 
the  job  of  handling  one  of  our  huts  in  France,"  cables  one  of  America's  best  known 
business  men  from  "over  there."    Here  is  a  chance  for  you  men  whom  war  has  skipped. 

Men  of  the  **skipped  generation, "  men  whose  fathers  were 
in  the  Civil  War  and  whose  sons  are  in  this  war — '^regular 
fellows, ' '  of  the  in-between  age,  men  who  have  made  good 
in  business,  made  good  in  times  of  peace,  men  whose  success 
has  come  to  them  through  knowing  how  to  handle  other 
men — ^three  thousand  of  you  are  wanted. 


There's  a  need  in  France  right  now  for 
such  as  you  to  take  charge  of  Y.  M.  C.  A. 
huts.  These  are  the  unarmed  soldiers,  nerve- 
proof  under  a  shower  of  shells,  willing  to 
sleep  where  they  can,  eat  when  there's  a 
chance,  able  to  work  16  hours  a  day,  good 
mixers,  ready  to  be  preachers  or  friends — 
yes,  and  at  need,  game  to  the  core. 


Three  thousand  such  jobs  are  waiting — 
at  nothing  per  year — for  those  who  can 
fill  them.  Nothing  per  year — nothing  but 
the  thrill  that  comes  to  the  man  who  does 
his  part,  nothing  but  the  tingle  of  blood 
that  squares  his  shoulders  and  makes  him 
say  to  himself:  "It  was  my  part  and  I 
did  it." 


Write,  giving  full  details,  to  Y.  M.  C.  A.  Overseas'  Headquarters 
E.  D.  POUCH,  347  Madison  Avenue,  New  York 


Y. 


M. 


C. 


A 


OnMfaatMl  tkroaik  DMilMi  of  AdTWtiitag. 


VtM»dBt»»mamt 


This  apace  contributed  for  the  Winning  of  the  War  by 
THE  OUTLOOK 


Digitized  by 


Google 


32 


THE  OUTLOOK 


I 


McCutcheon's 

New  Fall  Catalogue 


Janes  McCutcheon 


l/t^C^Coma, 


^%S>ri 


m 


Fall  and 
Winter 
Cataloquo 

|QIS-H)H) 


For  Upwards  of  sixty  years, 
the  name  of  McCutcheon  has 
been  a  synonym  for  all  that 
is  best  in  Linens. 

The  new  Fall  Catalogue  of 
"The  Linen  Store  "  is  full  of 
interest  for  every  lover  of 
"  the  House  Beautiful." 


It  illustrates  also  a  specially 
attractive  selection  of  the 
most  desirable  Under-  and 
Outer-garments  for  Ladies,  Misses  and  Children. 
The  collections  of  both  Imported  and  American- 
made  Lingerie  are  very  extensive. 

Notwithstanding  the  present  strenuous  war-time 
conditions,  we  continue  to  maintain  our  high 
^standards  of  merchandise  and  service  in  every  de- 
partment. Orders  by  mail  will  receive  the  same 
scrup,ulous  attention  as  heretofore. 

Send  for  New  Catalogue 

A  copy  of  the  new  Fall  Catalogue  will  be  mailed 
gladly  on  request. 

James  McCutcheon  &  Co. 

Fifth  Avenue,  34th  &  33d  Sts.,  N.  Y. 


liiiioiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniaiiiiiiiiim^^^ 


The  Motor  Truck  as  the  Nation'$  Home  Provider 

(Continued) 
bod  roads  cause  delays,  but  they  double  and 
even  treble  the  cost  of  operation,  as  well  as 
increase  the  depreciation  of  trucks,  and  we 
have  not  the  necessary  oversnpply  of  motor 
trucks  to  risk  having  them  put  out  of  com- 
mission through  the  lack  ot  suitable  high- 
ways  and  byways. 

A  MOTOB-TBDCK  HIGHTTAY  PROrOSED 

Getting  the  goods  and  supplies  to  a  com- 
munity is  one  thing ;  delivering  them  to 
the  altimate  purchaser  is  another.  The 
problems  that  must  be  overcome  in  the  first 
instance  are  altogether  different  from  those 
in  the  second,  and,  to  my  mind,  the  most 
logical  plan  of  eliminating  unnecessary 
delays  and  loss  of  time,  widen  always  occur 
when  motor  trucks  are  driven  through  the 
business  streets  and  the  congested  traffic 
zones,  is  that  of  setting  aside  a  certain 
street  or  avenue  for  the  operation  of  motor 
trucks  only.  That  this  idea  has  been  con- 
sidered is  evidenced  by  a  plan  that  was 
recently  presented  for  tne  consideration  of 
a  certain  city's  Comprehensive  Plan  Com- 
mittee. This  plan  called  for  a  system  of 
motor-truck  highways,  so  constructed  that 
the  city's  industrial  organizations  would  be 
able  to  make  speedy  motor  deliveries  to  far- 
distant  points  as  well  as  through  the  city. 
In  order  to  minimize  the  expense  it  is 
planned  to  make  over  a  number  of  roads 


already  in  operation  and  to  reconstruct 
.them  so  that  tney  can  stand  the  city's  heavy 
traffic.  Right  there  is  where  the  projectors 
of  this  plan  showed  wisdom.  It  is  due  to 
the  fact  that  motor  trucks  have  been  oper- 
ated over  roads  that  were  not  built  for  such 
heavy  traffic  tliat  we  have  many  poor  roads 
that  were  good  roads.  Every  community 
should  be  earefnl  not  to-niake  this  mistake. 
The  wear  and  tear  on  a  road  which  motor 
trucks  give  is  far  greater  than  the  wear 
given  by  passenger  cars,  and  it  will  be 
found  cheaper  in  the  end  if  the  roads  are 
built  or  put  into  condition  necessary  to 
stand  up  under  motor-truck  operation. 

Tins  same  plan  can  be  put  into  operation 
by  every  community,  no  matter  what  its  size. 
By  building  a  motor-truck  highway  that 
connects  tlie  community  with  its  source  of 
supply,  there  is  also  assurance  of  uninter- 
rupted delivery  and  haulage. 

EFFICIENT    OPERATION   VITAL 

After  a  community  has  protected  itself 
from  transportation  famine  by  perfecting 
its  highways  and  byways  by  forming  re- 
turn loads  bureaus,  rural  motorrtruck 
express  routes,  and  local  motor  truck 
transportation  companies,  their  operations 
should  be  systematized  by  not  only  install- 
ing the  proper  service  sUtions  to  take  care 
of  the  equipment,  but  also  erecting  loading 
and  unloading  sheds  and  platforms  so  that 


4  September 

the  receiving  and  shipping  of  groods  can  b« 
made  with  the  least  loss  of  time  or  unneces- 
sary use  of  labor.  In  cases  where  sach 
buildings  are  erected,  it  will  pay  to  install 
those  labor-saving  and  time-saviog  devices 
that  mean  elimination  of  tie-ups  due  to 
antique  loading  and  unloading  methods. 

In  this  respect,  motor-truck  transporta- 
tion companies  can  learn  a  good  lesson 
from  the  railways.  Up  to  a  year  ago  tlie 
railways  were  considered  models  of  efB- 
ciency,  but  it  took  tlie  increased  demands 
made  upon  them  by  the  war  to  show  up 
many  weaknesses.  Freight  and  express 
warehouses,  shipping  platforms,  and  receiv- 
ing stations  were  found  to  be  inadequate 
to  meet  tlie  new  demands.  Not  only  were 
the  buildings  too  small,  but  the  plajas  and 
methods  in  use  were  not  elastic  enough  to 
meet  increased  demands.  Since  that  time 
many  changes  have  been  made  in  the 
metnods  of  shipping  and  receiving  freieht 
and  express  matter,  with  the  result  tbat 
capacities  have  been  doubled  and  trebled 
at  not  only  a  reduction  in  expense,  bat  also 
in  labor. 

SYSTEMATIZED   BETAIL  DELIVERIES 

We  now  come  to  the  question  of  a  com- 
munity perfecting  its  delivery  and  haulage 
equipment  withui  its  city  limits.  Just  as 
the  transportation  equipment  of  manufac- 
turers hiis  been  "  emciencyized  "  to  meet 
present-day  demands,  so  that  of  retailera 
and  wholesalers  should  be  co-ordinated  to 
meet  the  new  conditions  with  which  thej 
also  must  contend. 

The  cost  of  any  article  to  the  consumer 
depends  on  the  expense  of  not  only  manu- 
facturing but  delivering  it  in  the  home. 

Systematize  the  retail  delivery  equip- 
ment of  any  community,  and  that  bag  of 
flour,  pounid  of  beef,  suit  of  clothes,  or  new 
carpet  will  be  delivered  in  your  home  at 
less  cost.  Multiply  this  saving  by  the  total 
population,  and  you  will  have  a  staggering- 
number  of  dollars  the  motor  truck  can  save 
every  community. 

Divide  this  amount  by  the  number  of 
homes,  and  it  will  be  found  that  the  mving 
to  every  family  will  help  meet  Liberty 
Loan  and  Thrift  Stamp  pledges.  The  motor 
truck  is  destined  to  become  the  Nation's 
home  provider,  just  as  it  has  become  the 
only  solution  for  the  manu&cturers'  trans- 
portation problem.  In  fact,  it  would  not. 
surprise  me  that  after  the  war,  and  even 
before  the  war  ends,  the  short-line  railways 
will  be  a  thing  of  the  past.  Not  only  be- 
cause the  motor  truck  can  deliver  goo<ls 
over  short  hauls  in  quicker  time  and  at  a 
reduced  shipping  rate,  but  because  it  saves 
labor  and  time  by  delivering  tiie  eoods  right, 
to  the  consijgnee's  door.  Add  to  this  the  fact, 
that  there  is  no  initial  expense  in  putting  a. 
line  of  motor  tracks  in  operation  outside 
of  the  original  cost  of  the  trucks  as  com- 
pared to  the  high  cost  of  track-building 
and  railway  equipment. 

FULL  CO-OPERATION  NEEDED 

The  different  committees  of  the  National' 
Council  of  Defense  at  Washington,  such 
as  the  Highways  Transpoi-tation  Committee, 
National  Motor  Truck  Committee,  and 
many  others,  are  doing  wonderful  work 
considering  the  many  innovations  they 
have  had  to  adopt,  the  many  handicaps, 
they  have  had  to  overcome,  and  Uie  Nation- 
wide educational  work  they  have  to  con- 
duct But  these  patriots  are  only  human — 
they  are  not  infallible — and  only  by  luann- 
facturers,  retailers,  and  owners  of  motor 
trucks  co-operating  with  them  can  tlieir- 
work  make  itself  felt. 

While  it  is  true  that  .their  sugg^tions. 

Digitized  by  VJ\^»^V  IV^ 


1918 

The  Motor  Trvek  as  the  Nation't  Borne  Provider 

(Continued) 
and  plans  have  beea  adopted  with  excellent 
i-esnits,  it  u  only  in  spots  or  widely  separ 
i-ated  sections  of  the  country.  Nation-wide 
adoption  is  necessanr.  Every  community 
nmst  join  in  if  the  Nation  as  a  whole  is  to 
benefit. 

It  must  be  remembered  that  these  differ- 
ent committees  have  made  an  intensive  as 
well  as  extensive  study  of  the  country's 
transportation  requirements.  They  have 
not  only  considered  the  Nation's  needs 
from  a  National  standpoint,  but  through 
the  many  thousands  of  workers  they  have 

r  rating  in  every  section  of  tlie  country 
/  have  Becure<l  data  and  figures  from  a 
local  standpoint  on  conditions  in  communi- 
ties, towns,  and  cities  of  all  sizes.  Their 
recommendations  and  suggestions,  there- 
fore, should  be  taken  at  their  full  value. 

The  lack  of  co-ordinated  haulage  and 
delivery  of  supplies  for  the  home  can  not 
only  boost  the  cost  of  delivering  goods,  but 
it  can  create  an  enormous  loss  oi  time  and 
an  unnecessary  consumption  of  labor  and 
upkeep,  as  well  as  keep  trucks  from  mov- 
ing other  goo<l8  that  are  awaiting  trans- 
portation. As  Secretary  of  Commerce 
Redfield  says :  "  No  one  Knows  how  much 
the  country  pays  for  cartage,  but  any  one 
who  looks  into  the  question  is  pretty  sure 
to  find  that  the  figure  is  larger  than  they 
thought  it  could  be.  Imagine  what  railway 
freight  costs  would  be  if  there  were  all  the 
uneconomical  routing,  duplication,  and 
special  service  on  the  railways  that  there 
is  in  local  delivery,  and  you  get  some  idea 
of  the  opportunity  there  is  in  saving  these 
deliveries." 

This  great  country  of  ours  is  made  uprof 
cities  and  towns.  Each  community  is  a 
little  country  or  nation  in  itself,  ana  it  is 
only  by  the  people  of  these  communities 
working  at  a  nundred  per  cent  efficiency 
pitch  that  the  Nation  as  a  whole  can  meet 
Its  obligations  in  an  efficient  manner. 

Voluntary  co-operation  by  merchants 
and  retailers  of  every  community  should  be 
made  without  hesitation  or  delay.  Without 
such  help  the  Government,  if  the  need 
arises,  will  undoubtedly  pass  laws  and 
regulations.  Uncle  Sam  is  out  to  protect 
the  American  home  by  keeping  it  supplied, 
so  that  his  millions  of  workers  can  keep  up 
the  industrial  pace  that  will  eventually  win 
the  war.  He  nas  said  in  so  many  woixls 
that  efficient  transportation  in  the  cities 
and  in  every  community  is  a  patriotic 
movement,  and  as  such  should  be  started 
without  unnecessaiy  loss  of  time. 

SUMK    8TARTLIXG    RK8ULTH     FROM     INVXS- 
TKMTIONS 

To  show  his  good  faith  and  to  help  start 
the  ball  a-rolling  he  has  been  investigating 
the  project  of  combining  local  delivery 
systems  and  consolidating  all  Uie  delivery 
e<|uipment  now  operatea  by  department 
stores  and  others  requiring  a  delivery  ser- 
vice. His  object  is  to  handle  all  deliveries 
by  motor  truck  via  a  centralized  system,  to 
reduce  the  cost  of  deliveiy  so  that  in  place 
of  the  "  butcher,  the  baker,  and  candlestick- 
maker  "  delivering  goods  to  the  same  house 
and  on  the  same  day  via  different  haulage 
e<inipment,  and  consuming  the  time  and 
lanor  of  many  drivera  and  helpers,  one 
truck  and  one  driver  will  bring  the  parcels 
for  all  three  on  a  single  trip. 

The  result  has  been  that  sweeping  inves- 
tigations in  all  pai-ts  of  the  country  have 
l>een  made  and  assisted  by  prominent  retail 
and  wholesale  merchants. 

Sucli  investigations  have  prove<I  tliat, 
through  the  practice  of  special  deliveries, 


THE  OUTLOOK 


33 


m%Q9e  advice 
RaccL 


IT  is  just  as  possible  to  read 
character  and  worth  from 
the  appcirance  of  printed  mat- 
ter as  from  the  bearing  of  the 
man  who  issued  it.  Your  mes- 
sage on  poorly  selected  paper 
will  have  its  argument  pinched 
in  half- 
It  is  useless  to  claim  quality 
when  your  paper  cries  cheap- 
ness; to  asseverate  delicacy 
when  your  paper  suggests  rug- 
gedness;  or  to  dilate  upon 
strength  when  your  paper  de- 
notes feminity, 


Your  printer  or  advertising 
agent  will  find  fdr  you  the 
Strathmore  Quality  Paper 
which  expresses  the  idea  you 
wish  to  convey. 


Meanwhile,  write  for  "  The 
Language  of  Paper,"  an  interest- 
ing talk  on  the  exprestivmesi  of 
texture  ana  color  in  paper,  by 
Frank  Ahah  Parsons,  President  of 
the  N.  Y.  School  of  Fine  and 
Applied  Arts. 


STRATHMORE  PAPER  CO 

MiTTINEAGUE,  MaSS 

Stratkmore 

Quality  Papers 


TOWNSEND'S 
TRIPLEX 

The  Public  is  warned  not  to 
purchase  mowers  infringing 
the  Townsend  Patent  No. 
1, 209.51 9.  Dec.  19.191 6 


The  Greatest  Grass- 
cutter  on  Earth.  Cuts  a 
Swath  86  inches  wide. 

S.P.TOWNSEND&CO. 


Send  for  llluMlnki 
Catatogut 


Digitized  by 


CoogTe 


34 


THE   OUTLOOK 


4  September 


See  America's  Inland  Seas  this  Year 

There  is  none  of  the  congestion  on  America's  Inland  Seas  that  you  will 
find  on  land  this  year.  Eacli  day — each  hour — ti-aveling  the  sparkling  hhie 
seas  along  the  6-aay,  1600-mile  Northern  Navigation  route,  bnngs  its  thrill, 
its  novel  pleasure,  its  unanticipated  charm. 

GREAT  LAKES   CRUISE— DETROIT  TO  DULUTH 

Via  Sarnia,  Soo,  Pt.  Arthur  and  Ft.  William 
Tea  in  the  afternoon — an  orcliestra  aboard — an  evening  dance  and  refreah- 
raents — picnic  to  Kakabeka  Falls,  the  North's  Niagara — all  are  regular 
parts  of  the  cruise. 

And  again,  there  is  the  Moeaeryl — a  eharmin^  panonuua  of  Na- 
tore's  bmt  hiradiorafta.  Lake*  Huron  and  Superior.  The  Looks  at 
the  Soo.   Dnluth  harbot^-the  North's  Naples. 

"noket  inclndel  all  costs — meals,  berth,  side  trips  and  entertain- 
ment. Direct  rail  connections  east  and  west.  An  ideal  water-liiJc  in 
jronr  rail  journey. — For  particulca-M  and  crtUMtfMer  writt 

C.  W.  Holton.  General  Paaaenger  Agent.  Dep«.  3 
NORTHERN    NAVIGATION    COMPANY,    SARNIA.   ONT. 

-tfr  asJt  your  local  ticket  mgtnt  or  mny  Amtrlean  Exprtss  Ccm^ny  Trmvtl  Dt^rttment  OJfUt 


White  LiHes  of  France 

The  true  Flwar  dm  Ly» — fragrant,  early 
and  absolutely  hardy.  10  strong  roots, 
freshly  dug,  $1.75,  postpaid. 

Atnerle<mi;num  Darwin  Tullpt,  DaffodfU  and 
SgacinAi  lltai  ••  Seat  the  Dnbsh^'  and  eott  no  more. 

Write  today  for  list  of  isra  and  •pedally  choio*  Ballw, 
Boota  and  Seeds  for  lUl  Planting. 

HMhrt  bsnaJ.  IM  Tissbwylis  An.,  Bcaanilk.  N.  T. 


Yo\ir  Wants 

la  ereiy  Una  d  houiehold,  adncational,  boitoMi,  or  peraonal 
aanrioe— damesUo  woiksn,  tMchwi,  mirass,  boaiiMM  or 
profinslniiil  aasiatants,  etc.,  etc.— whether  you  require  help 
or  are  neUng  a  litaation,  may  be  llllad  through  a  little 
annnnnoament  in  the  daarifled  oolunuu  of  The  Outlook. 
If  yo^  haTe  aome  uOdn  to  laU  or  exofaange,  tbaae  colnmns 
may  prore  <d  r«al  vafaM  to  yon  aatliey  faaT«  to  many  otliera. 
Bend  for  dasoiiptiTa  oircnlar  and  order  blank  AMD  FILL 
TOUB  WAHT8.    Addraw 

Departnnent  of  CIssslflad  Advertising 

THE   OUTLOOK.  381  Fourth  Ave..  N.  V. 


.WHITING-ADAMS 

BRUSHES 


T^^ 


Schools,  Public  Buildings 
and  Residential  Buildings  Reciture        i '      ir^ 

_^  '  I  WUff  Fltfor  Sweepinfi  and  Dustinit  hniatici  which  ftre  mkd«  of  good  quBlity,  tUB.  alMtic  brlstlM.  Bks- 

Itatioa  dcmsnds  thtt  dirt  and  dust  b«  actuftlly  retnovvd.  Soft  brushes,  which  mst  down,  will  not  serve  the  purpose. 

Whitlng-Adams  FLOOR  BRUSHES,  DUSTING  BRUSHES 

and  other  brusbet  for  Household,  HechsDlcal  kod  other  purposes,  do  the  work  as  itshouM  be  tJouv.  lUlisble  and  economical. 
Send  for  Illustrated  Literature.  Department  A. 

JOHN  L  WHITING-J.  J.  ADAMS  CO.,  Boston,  U.  S.  A.  g^ol^.li^rrd"?.:^ 

VhitiaC'AdKtl),  Bra.be,  Awftrd.d  Oold  Uedal  sod  Official  Blu*  Ribboo,  th.  UichMt  Awagd  >t  Panam.-Ptcific  fapoiitioo.  18H 


The  Motor  Tmdc  as  the  Nation's  Home  Provider 

(Continued) 
half-loads,  and  nnnecessaiy  deliyeries,  the 
proportion  of  equipment  for  retail  delivery 
requirements  are  unnecessarily  high — that 
stores  could  well  get  along  with  less  equip 
ment,  and  of  course  with  fewer  men,  and 
.  still  render  a  deUvery  service  to  customers 
which  would  not  in  any  way  be  inconve- 
nient 

From  this  investigation  the  Board  has 
recommended  to  all  retail  merchants  the 
reduction  of  regular  deliveries  to  one  per  day 
over  each  route  and  the  elimination  of 
special  deliveries. 

Retail  stores  that  have  adopted  this  rec- 
ommendation have  effected  a  great  saving 
in  their  deUvery  expense  and  equipment. 
If    action   is   taken   by  the   Government, 


necessitating  every  retail  establishment  in 
the  country  doing  likewise,  there  would  be 
plenty  of  motor-truck  equipment  to  help 
solve  every  community's  transportation 
problems,  whether  withm  the  city  limits, 
the  agricultural  and  dairy  areas,  or  to  con- 
nect with  the  suhorban  districts  or  the  cities 
next  door. 

To  my  mind,  the  next  step  after  the 
elimination  of  unnecessary  deliveries 
should  be  the  forming  of  co-operative  de- 
livery systems  among  the  retailers  of  every 
community.  This  would  not  only  reduce 
the  individual  delivery  expense  of  each  con- 
cern participating,  but  it  would  at  the  same 
time  relieve  men  and  equipment  for  other 
work.  Tliis  in  itself  is  of  vital  importance, 
because  tlie  labor  situation  is  such  that 
every  available  man  not  absolutely  neces- 


sary in  the  regular  bosinesa  diannels  should 
be  released  to  join  themen  in  the  £actoria 
and  mdustries  doing  Giovemment  work.  It 
is  of  more  unportance  to  a  commnoity  for 
its  men  to  apply  their  time  to  producing 
that  which  the  community  needs  than  to  iw 
wasting  time  on  work  that  can  be  saved  if  a 
more  concentrated  delivery  organization  a 
inaugurated. 

Recently  six  retail  stores  in  a  Soathem 
town  ot  approximately  fifteen  thousand  in- 
habitants formed  a  co-operative  deUveiy 
system,  witli  the  result  that,  instead  of 
using  half  a  dozen  trucks  and  as  many  men, 
one  truck  and  one  man  were  found  to  be 
sufficient.  The  five  trucks  thus  relieved 
were  put  to  work  in  transporting  other 
supplies  that  had  been  held  up. 

Similar  results,  I  understand,  have  been 
secured  not  only  by  merchants'  associa- 
tions, but  by  private  individuals  who  have 
contracted  to  nandle  the  merchants'  deliv- 
eries at  a  saving  to  the  merchants  as  well  as 
a  profit  to  themselves. 

Result :  the  merchant  pays  a  lower  price 
for  deUvering  his  goods,  lus>  ciutomere  do 
not  have  to  wait  for  separate  delivery 
of  different  articles,  less  equipment  and 
labor  is  used,  releasing  men  and  trucks 
needed  for  more  important  work,  and  with 
the  substitution  of  motor  trucks  for  horse- 
drawn  vehicles  greater  economy  and  de- 
pendabihty  were  assured. 

In  making  the  most  of  the  production 
output  of  the  country,  which  is  reaching  a 
magnitude  hard  to  realize,  prompt  hau&ge 
and  delivery  plays  one  of  tae  most  impor- 
tant, if  not  the  leading  part,  and  far  he  it 
from  us  to  neglect,  or  even  delay,  perfect- 
ing our  lines  of  transportation. 

A  VIEW  HORIZONTAL 

I  cannot  agree  with  yonr  editorial  on 
the  view  vertical  in  The  Outlook  for 
August  28.  My  own  experience  is  directly 
tlie  contrary.  For  many  vears  of  my  life 
my  best  thoughts  and  ideas  have  come 
to  me  durin?  tlie  night — usually  between 
three  and  six  o'clock — and  these  ideas, 
carried  into  practical  execution,  have  proved 
to  be  of  the  utmost  value.  I  can  recall 
no  sinjgle  instance  where  my  decisions 
arrived  at  during  tliese  moments  have  not 
been  correct.  I  sleep  outdoors  where  I  can 
lie  on  my  back  and  look  at  the  stars,  and  I 
seem  to  get  a  much  truer  perspective  dar- 
ing these  moments  than  at  any  other  time. 
Never  having  been  the  victim  of  insomnia, 
I  cannot  of  course  answer  for  that  morbid 
condition  which  clothes  one's  consciousness 
in  fabe  colors.  My  experience  is  that  five 
hours  of  continuous  sleep  is  enough  at  one 
time.  I  appear  to  awake  quite  naturally 
and  easily  and  am  all  awake  at  once.  An 
hour  or  so  of  reflection  is  enough  osuaUy 
to  induce  me  to  go  to  sleep  agam,  and  no 
matter  how  distressed  in  mind  I  may  be — 
and  a  family  man  during  these  days  has 
many  serious  problems — I  can  always  eo  to 
sleep  in  a  few  moments.  It  may  he  only  a 
personal  whim,  but  I  alwavs  sleep  with 
either  my  feet  or  my  head  towanis  the 
north  star,  and  have  fallen  into  the  habit 
of  considering  myself  only  a  point  in  the 
universe,  going  towards  the  sim  at  the  rate 
of  about  fifteen  miles  a  second.  The  con- 
sciousness of  this  fact  always  produces 
serenity.  I  have  been  guilty  of  this  prac- 
tice for  over  twenty  years — ^in  fact,  nave 
come  to  rely  upon  it  as  a  source  of  inspira- 
tion and  mental  strength — and,  so  far  as  I 
am  able  to  determine,  I  cannot  see  that  it 
has  resulted  in  the  slightest  harm. 

TaoMAa  L.  Massos. 


Digitized  by 


Googls 


918 


THE   OUTLOOK 


35 


From  Less  CoaJ 

We  Can 
Prove  It 


FIRST  we  wUl  prave  it  by  wliat 
othen  hkTa  themaelTea  proTen, 

Then,  we  will  farther  pioTe  it  by  mn 
appeal  to  your  ooimnon  senae. 

After  which,  we  will,  if  yon  wiah  it, 
arrange  for  calls  and  interriewt  with 
nearby  Kelsey  Health  Heat  naers. 

Following  which,  we  will  agree  to 
(are  enongh  coal  for  yon,  to  pay  for 
the  extra  cast  ol  a  Kelaey  Warm  Air 
Oeneiator  that  makee  the  Kelaey 
Health  Heat. 

lan't  that  &ir  enongh  ? 

Send  for  Saving  Senae  Booklet.  De- 
maad  eoonomy  prooii. 

T 

I  WARM   AIR   CLnVlATOn.  i 
230  Janea  Street,  Syracuae,  N.  Y. 

REwnu  aocuo 

IIS-TrMkAwaH  2l7-TWMlUh9l 

MSnH  ftlHH 

40$-Tr.«.S«anHk.     SpM  95-T  Min' Eick. 


HE 


AIR   CtnLRATORI 


Don't  Breathe  Dust 

ThiT  Read  Filter  aid*  braathln*.  VmM 
lor  Hay  Fever.  Catarrh  and  Astboia. 
Mc  poatpald,  lUnttrattd  InoUel  on  rtquai. 
NASAL  FILTER  COm  St.  Paol.  Miaa. 


Ihe* 


4/dlimt  ati^i^jSt* 

flwc  iiMiviites.'^ 
v^i0Jk{ronvKp4t- 
lo&d  steitoi\s,1Ke 
BlgShQp$,lhc— 
1KjSAlers.Cuisit\f 

UMISVOl  - 
Sendee  disUndii^e 


BY  THE   WAY 


A  soldier's  letter  says  that  when  his 
regiment  disembarked  at  a  port  in  France 
the  men  were  cheerily  welcomed  by  a  crowd 
of  small  children  who  sang  a  song  the  first 
line  of  which  ran  something  like  this  : 

"  (DUoeil,  xe  gongiceil  ire." 
The  words  sounded  like  gibberish  to  the 
Americans,  but  the  tune  seemed  strangely 
familiar  ;  and  presently  it  dawned  on  the 
newcomers  that  the  children  were  singing, 
or  trying  to  sing,  in  English, 

"  HaUI  baU  t  the  gang's  all  here  I" 
These  soldiers'  predecessors  from  America 
had  evidently  thought  it  would  be  nice  for 
the  incoming  Sammies  to  hear  something 
familiar,  and  so  hod  taught  the  French 
children  to  sing  this  somewhat  boisterous 
air  as  a  welcommg  anthem. 

Remaining  on  the  wing  continuously  for 
thirty  hours  and  thirty  mmutes  is  the  latest 
feat  recorded  in  the  world  of  aviation.  This 
record,  as  reported  by  the  Navy  Depart- 
ment at  Washington,  on  August  2,  was 
made  by  Ensign  F.  J.  Barnes,  who  is  at- 
tached to  the  American  Naral  Air  Forces 
in  European  waters. 

The  newer  type  of  collector  to  which 
the  war  has  given  rise,  a  London  corre- 
spondent writes  to  the  "American  Art 
Mews,"  occasions  not  a  little  worry  and 
also  some  amusement  to  the  art  dealers  on 
account  of  his  (or  her)  naiveU.  A  speci- 
men of  this  class,  a  woman,  recently  in- 
vaded one  of  the  London  art  stores  and 
asked  to  be  shown  an  "  antique  "  chest  of 
drawers.  "  On  examining  the  Jacobean 
example  to  which  her  notice  was  directed, 
she  palled  out  one  of  the  drawers  and 
pointed  out  that  there  were  evidences  of  its 
having  been  used.  Unconvinced  that  such 
a  state  of  affairs  was  only  natural  in  the 
case  of  a  piece  of  furpiture  of  so  great  an 
age,  she  complained  bitterly  that  she  had 
asked  to  see '  antique '  furniture,  not  second 
hand !  She  would  certainly  not  dream  of 
baying  for  her  new  house  furniture  that 
had  been  used  by  some  one  else !" 

The  late  W.  H.  Newman,  one-time  Presi- 
dent of  the  New  York  Central  lines,  was, 
says  the  "  Railway  Age  Gazette,"  "  re- 
sponsible for  the  really  Mantiful  straetare 
which  the  Grand  Central  terminal  in  New 
York  City  has  become.  It  was  his  idea  that 
the  Grand  Central  terminal  property  should 
be  made  self-supporting  br  the  erection 
over  the  undergronnd  yard  oetween  Forty- 
second  and  Fif^-seventh  Streets  of  a  series 
of  buildings — hotels,  office  buildings,  exhi- 
bition halls,  etc. — renting  for  sufficient  to 
pay  interest  and  taxes  not  only  on  the 
ground  above  which  they  stand,  but  upon 
the  entire  terminal,  including  Uie  station 
building  itself." 

A  correspondent  of  the  London  "  Sphere," 
writing  from  Wales,  says,  gently  satirizing 
tlie  large  number  of  Weuh  uiights:  "I 
am  told  that  every  journalist  in  Wales  has 
been  knighted.  .  .  .  For  a  political  jour- 
nalist to  get  a  knighthood  ...  is  as  easy 
as  shelling  peas.  They  are  aU  political 
journalists  in  Wales.  And  so  it  is  said  Dr. 
Clifford  recently  preached  an  eloquent  ser- 
mon, taking  as  nis  text,  "  And  they  could 
not  reach  Him  because  of  the  Press." 

A  friend  of  The  Outlook  has  been  re- 
reading Kipling,  and  sends  us  this  quota- 
tion as  an  apposite  one  in  the  present  world 
struggle.  It  was  published  nearly  thirty 
vears  ago  in  "  From  Sea  to  Sea."  Kipling 
IS  recoraing  his  conversation  with  some 


Americans  en  route  to  America  from 
Japan :  " '  We'll  worry  through  somehow,' 
said  the  man  from  Louisiana.  '  What  would 
do  UH  a  world  of  good  now  would  be  a  big 
European  war.  We're  getting  slack  and 
sprawly.  Now  a  war  outside  our  borders 
would  make  us  all  pull  together.  But  that's 
a  luxury  we  sha'n't  get'  The  man  from 
Louisiana,  if  he  is  afive  now,  must  realize 
that  the  coveted  luxury  is  with  us  in  full 
measure. 

An  Italian  subscriber  writes  from  Rome  : 
"  I  feel  to  be  true  the  statement  that  The 
Outlook  is  the  best  magazine  ever  published. 
Therefore  I  would  IDce  you  to  correct  a 
little  mistake  I  remarked  m  an  editorial  in 
the  June  26  number :  '  Commander  Rizzo 
and  Commander  Milazzo,'  eto.  It  was  Lien- 
tenant  Aonzo  who  was  the  companion  of 
Commander  Rizzo  in  the  audacious  exploit 
you  desci-ibe.  Milazzo  is  a  little  town  on 
the  Sicily  coast  where  Commander  Rizzo 
was  bom."  Milazzo,  it  may  be  added,  is 
also  celebrated  in  history  as  the  scene  of  a 
victory  by  Garibaldi  in  1860. 

The  big  girl  is  coming  into  her  heritage  ; 
an  advertisement  in  a  New  York  daily 
paper  reads: 

^—  A  Co.  require  the  aerrioea  of  larok  rtook 
OIBL8  for  their  Women'a  Apparel.  Large  neat 
giria  reqniied ;  splendid  salary  and  e»oellent  oppor- 
tnnity,  eto. 

Queer  questions  come  to  editors  of  sci- 
entific journals.  Here  is  one,  quoted  as 
coming  from  a  member  of  an  important 
aviation  society : 

What  is  the  acceleration  of  preoesalon  when  maas 
apins  and  preoeaaea  with  the  aame  radina  Teetor, 
sad  in  the  aame  plana,  tangential  to  the  earth'a 
sorfoee  ?  The  abore  question  ia  important,  and  ia 
put  in  oonsidemtioD  of  940,000  Cash  Priie  offered. 

This  is  characterized  as  an  "utterly  mean- 
ingless question  ;"  and,  worse  still,  "  the 
Cash  Prize  faded  to  notliing  when  investi- 
gation was  made."  i 

An  Adirondack  club  which  uses  simpli- 
fied spelling  prints  even  its  menu  oara  in 
the  new  orUiosraphy.  Its  bill  of  fare  for  a 
recent  "  Fry&y  contains  these  items : 
"  Mixt  piklz,  spyst  cnrants,  parsli  sans, 
shird  eg^,  boild  tresh  samon,  rost  prym  ribs 
ov  beef,  buterd  carets,  letis,  victon  bred,  ys 
cream,  cookiz,  cheez  and  tosted  waferz, 
cofi."  There  is  no  food  shortage  at  this  club, 
it  is  announced,  for  it  has  its  own  "  poltri 
farm,"  "imens  gardens,"  and  it  "raizd 
9200  bushels  of  fyn  potatos  last  sumr." 

A  Sunday-school  teacher  in  one  of  the 
churches,  tne  "  Christian  Register"  notes, 
remarked  to  her  elass  that  in  the- burial 
custom  of  the  ancient  Elgyptians  the  people 
were  buried  in  their  nsophaguses ! 

Japanese  newspapers,  according  to  Pro- 
fessor F.  L.  Martin,  of  the  University  of 
Missouri's  school  of  journalism,  divide 
their  news  into  "  hard  'and  "  soft"  The 
hard  news  consists  of  serious,  important 
events.  The  soft  news  includes  all  sorts  of 
"  human  interest "  incidents.  What  is  called 
the  "  third  page  "  of  the  soft  news  depart- 
ment consists  of  trivial  stories  which  would 
be  called  gossip  in  this  country.  Here  is  a 
sample  of  "  third  page  "  soft  news : 

Since  Etsunaka,  a  teaidant  of  Osakuaa,  has  sepa- 
imted  from  her  master,  a  ooal  dealer,  she  has  lost  a 
good  opponent  for  her  noted  poweie  of  qnanreliag. 
The  neighbon  are  breathing  freely  again  at  the 
proapeot  that  they  need  no  longer  hear  embarraaaing 
qnarreU  which  hare  made  the  neighborhood  faniona. 
The  reaction  haa  been  w  great  that  Ktsnnaka  has 
been  downhearted.  She  aays :  "  I  leel  sick  now  that 
I  have  no  one  to  quarrel  with." 


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36 


THE  OUTLOOK 


THE  OUTLOOK  CLASSIFIED  ADVERTISING  SECTION 

Advertising  rates  are :  Hotela  and  BMorts,  Apartments,  Tonn  and  TtsTeL,  R«al  Brtat«,  Lira  Stock  and  Poultry,  fifty  oanta  per  agata  line, 
four  colomns  to  the  page.  Not  leas  than  four  linei  aeoeptad.  in  calonUtiog  space  required  for  an  adrertiMment,  count  an  avenge  of  six  mHa  to  tba 
line  unless  display  type  is  desired. 

"  Want  "  adTertisements,  under  the  yarious  headings,  "  Board  and  Rooms,"  "  Help  Wanted,"  etc.,  tan  eents  for  eadi  word  or  initial,  Indndliis 
the  addrcop,  for  each  insertion.  The  first  word  of  each  "  Want "  adTertiasmeat  is  set  in  capital  lett^H  withoat  additio«d  fhaige.  Other  lyada 
may  Iw  set  in  capitals,  if  desired,  at  double  rates.  If  answers  are  to  be  addraaaed  in  care  of  The  Ontloolc,  twenty-five  cents  ia  ohaiged  for  the  box 
nmnber  named  in  the  adTertisement.  Replies  vill  be  forwarded  by  us  to  the  adyectiaer  and  bill  for  postage  rendered.  Special  headii^iB  appiopriate  to 
the  department  may  be  arranged  for  on  ^plication. 

Orders  and  copy  for  Classified  AdTertisements  must  be  receiyed  with  remittance  ten  days  before  the  Wednesday  on  whiob  it  is  inteaded  the  adTertise- 
ment sliall  first  appear. 

Address:  ADVERTISING  DEPARTMENT,  THE  OUTLOOK,  381  FOURTH  AVENUE,  NEW  YORK  CITY 


Apartments 


WANTED     f?om  aboat'the  mJJi 
die  of  October  for  5  or  6  months. 

■  modantednrioed  imf  umiabed  spattmant  (for 
9  adulta)  OC*  or  S  rooms,  kHchan  and  bath. 

The  neighbaihood  of  Waabinaton     

Oramercy  Park  preferred.  t,CB7, 0 


Hotels  and  Resorts 

CON  NEOTIOUT 


INTERLAKEN  INN    ^c*SJiV" 

Batwsan  two  lakes;   fiahlng,  batUug,  goK, 
teimia:  azaeUent  table.  Vrita  Manager, 


MASSACHUSETTS 


HOTEL  PURITAN 

CoaiBcnwcalBi  /y«.  Doatoa 
TKC  DISnHCnVC  BOSTON  NOUX 

^  _    .       .,  ■     Your  Inaulrtca  ^adty  answered 


if  Yea  Are  Tired  or  Not  FeeUag  Well 

you  cannot  flod  a  more  comfortable  place  ia 
Maw  Sngland  than 

THE  WELDON  HOTEL 

GRBEMFIKI.D,  MASS. 

It  attorda  all  the  oomlorta  of  home  withoat 

eztrmTaganoa. 


HARBLEHEAD,  MASS. 

The  Leslie 

A  qnlet.  eosy  little  bonsa  by  the  sea 
iBik  DocivliTC  BaaUd.  ?nilwiln laha. 


NEW    YORK 


ADIRONDAOK8 

Interbrook  Lodge  and  Cottacea 


THERE  is  a  place  where  yon  can 
find  the  Tery  essence  of  the 
Antnnm — where  the  air  is  liye  and 
good  to  breathe,  where  the  first  light 
ifrosts  are  touching  wooded  hills  and 
fot  harvest  fields  with  glorious  color, 
where  the  moon  seems  larger  and 
the  stars  seem  brighter.  That  place  is 

Meredith  Inn 

In  the  Catskills 

Tba  Inn  baa  an  old-faahioaed.  homelike  air, 
but  ia  thoroughly  modem  in  appointmenta. 


There  are  prtrateanltea  and  alawmspmrchea, 
modem  pnunblng,  abowera  aa  welTaa  tuba, 
electric  W>ta  and  ateam  haat  iriien  needed. 


Iban  ia  a  <diaerful  dining-room  and  a  moat 
comfortable  UrtoK-room  with  log-flraplace. 
There  an  bowUng  allqraaad  bUliatd  taUea  in 
the  Caabio,  a  tannia  court  on  the  lawn  and  a 
liTarj  of  Pisroe  Arrowa  for  tha  conTenlence 
and  pleasure  of  guaata.  Tou  will  like  Uereditb 
Inn.  It  ia  time  now  to  make  Fall  raasmtlona. 
/Utaa  BnM  ha.  HmM.  Ddamn  Cmb«.  H.  T. 


NEW   YORK  CITY 


Hotel  Le  Marquis 

Slat  Streot  *  Fifdi  Avenoe 
N«w  York 

Oomblnaa  arary  oonTaniaaoa  and  home 
eomfort,  and  commanda  itaaU  to  people  of 
reflnamant  wiahing  to  lire  on  American  Plan 
and  be  within  eaay  taaoh  c<  aodal  and  dra- 
matic cantaia. 

Room  and  bath  SUM  par  day  with  maah,  or 
aLWparday  without  maala. 

lUnatcated  Booklet  ghdlr  aent  noon 
nqnast.  JOHH  P.  TOLBOST^ 


Hotels  and  Resorts 


NEW    YORK   CITY 


HOTEL  JUDSON  t^^SS^''^ 

bwlndingiaaaia^'i^a^'ntaa  fortwb  waeu 
or  mora.  Looatica  Tary  oantraL  OonTamant 
to  all  alsratad  and  atraat  car  Unaa. 


ton  S<iaar« 
adWaing  Jodaon  l(aaK>rial  Church.  Hooou 
iriSud  without  bath.  Ratea  tJJM  perdar. 


STOP  AT 


HOTEL  BOSSERT 

on  viatocntio  BrooklTn  Hel^hU 
umI  eoiOT  tfaa  KdrmnUcM  of 

THE  MARINE  ROOF 

ttia  moat  famous  roof  In  America.  Dine  MO 
feet  in  tha  air,  with  a  nancgraphic  riaw  of 
New  Tork  Hainor  atietching  b«ore  you  for 
a  diatanoa  of  10  milea.  Dancing  if  you  like. 
Write  for  booklet  E. 
Hicka.  and  RamMa  Slraab,  BnaUra 


Health  Resorts 


ROSE  VALLEY  SANITARIUM 


Box  D,  Media.  Pa.  Por  treatment 
of  diaaaaa  by  Oateopatbr  and  allied  phyai- 
okigical  metlioda,  includfaig  Fruit,  Milk, 
and  other  Bcientiflc  Dieta:  Hydrothar- 
CorreotlTe 


linlrol 
Xien 


;ht,  and  Air  hatha,  ate  Ideal  for 
recreation.  BookJat  on  requeat. 


Sanford    Hall,    est.  1841 

Private  Hospital 
Por  Mental  and  Nervous  Diseases 
Comfortable,  homelike  surround- 
ings ;  modem  methods  of  treatment ; 
oompetent  nurses.  IS  acres  of  lawn, 
park,  flower  and  vegetable  gardens. 
Food  the  best.    Write  for  bookM. 

Sanford  Hall  Flashing  New  York 


Dr.  Reeves'  Sanitarium 

A  Privata  Home  (or  chronic,  narroua,  and 
mental  patianta.  Alaoaldarly  people  requiring 
care.  Huriat  K.  Bearsa,  M.U.,  Matroaa.  Haaa. 


I  INDFNII^  Uaal  Placa  iar  Skk 
irr".  PaaaJataCalWaB 

■MTlaetawB,  Pa.  lAn  inaUtution  darotad  to 
tha  paraonal  atudy  and  apadalisad  traat- 
manVoftheinTalld.  Haaaaga,  KlactricitT, 


Rydrotharwy.     Applrlor  circular  to 

RoBSKT  LnriKOOTr  Waltss,  M.r 

(lata  ol  The  Walter  BanitariumI 


Real  Estate 


SOUTH    CAROLINA 


FOR  SAI.B— Charleaton,  S.  C, 
leading  South  Atlantic  port  and  wtntar 
tomrlat  raaort,  large,  handaoma  modem  raai- 
denoMumace  heet«a,on  Chariest  ou'afaahion- 
able  bonleTard,  (rantte  on  beaatttol  Aahley 
Rirar.  Moat  deairabla  Bontham  winter  home. 
Boaan  P.  Prcat, »  Broad  Bt.,  Charlaaton,  S.  C. 


TENNESSEE 


MOUNTAIN    HOME 

FOR  8AI.E— In  Rast  Tenneasee 

Home  of  retired  pfayaioian.  80  acrea,  oorering 
mountain  top  orerlooking  town  and  riTar ; 
1,MI0  feet  abora  aea  leTelTldaal  climate  sU  the 
year  round.  Wellplantedtotmitandflowen; 
3  bama,  hennery,  nrdana  and  farm  land. 
Good  mountain  rciad  available  for  email  cara. 
Comfortable  houaa  with  large  liring-roook, 
big  flreplac&  hot-water  heat,  talephooa,  aleo- 
tno  Ughta,  electric  pump,  modem  plumbing. 
Woodonblaoe.  Adoreea 
Jomr  A.  HocKwsu.,  Box  222,  Harriman.Tann. 


Country  Board 


Two  TOITNO  LADIES,  motherleaa, 
offer  pleaeant  home  in  pretty  auburban 
town  on  Long  lahmd  to  elderly  lady  for  a 
moderate  ramnneratiaa.  0,101,  Outlook. 


BUSINESS  OPPORTUNITIES 


FOR  eala  or  leaae.  A  well  kicatad  atore 
building  in  Ormond,  Florida.  Addreaa  J.  O. 
Gardner,  Agt. 


HELP  WANTED 


Real  Estate 


FLORIDA 
FOR  SAI.K 

** BREEZE  LODGE" 

On  Sarasota  Bay 

lodge,  8  acrea.  Boat,  bcathouae.  Fruit,  etc. 
For  paortlcalara  and  inuatrated  Hteratura  ad- 
dreaa Dr.  W.  B.  Watarbuiy,  BAiaaota,  Florida. 

NEW   HAMPSHIRE 

UsT  S«ar  HiD,  New  HuqeUre 

Fnrnlahed  oottace  tor  September  and 
October.  Rent  tlM,  including  wood  and  ice. 
Wa.  S.  Batcbbu,  Owner,  Sugar  Hill,  N.  H. 


Bualnaea  Situatlona 

'  WANTED,  aa  confidential  busineaa  man  and 
factotum,  by  an  elderly  gentleman  in  Balti- 
more, an  educated  and  refined  gentleman, 
aiiigl^  juat  past  draft  age,  in  aound  healtli,  of 
cheetiiu  peraonality,  with  eome  buaineaa  apti- 
tude and  experience,  and  of  irraproachable 
chaiaoter,  to  reaida  in  the  home.  Salary  (l.OW) 
per  annum.  Higheat  teatimoniala  required 
and  glTon.  «,208,  Outlook. 

OompanlonaaaJ  Dotnaatio  Helpers 

WANTED  —  Companion  (or  elderly  lady 
living  in  okMaahioned  farm-houae  thirteen 
milea  (rom  heart  of  CleTebaid ;  hourly  trolley 
aerrioe,  beautiful  country.  Good  pay,  dutiea 
not  onaroui.  Exoellent  nfereooea  required. 
6,170,  Outkmk. 

MOTHER'S  halpar  wanted  to  aaaiat  in  care 
o(  boy  5  yeara  old  and  girl  IS  montba  old  at 
Summit,  N.  J.  Permanent  poaition,  pleaeant 
home  and  aurrouudinga.  Room  163,  40  Wall 
St.,  New  rork. 

GOOD  home  (or  nice  woman  with  or  with- 
out child :  general  houaework.  Write  fully 
Boom  16.  M  Broadway,  Mew  fork. 

WANTED— Nnree  for  two  young  children 
in  Springfield,  Maaa.  Referencee  required. 
AddreMVtaT Ralph  HopUna,  Landa  End, 
Bodtport,  Maaa. 

REFINED  young  woman  wanted,  laat  M 
September,  to  go  toKanaaa  City  (or  winter  aa 
moUier'a  helper  or  gOTemeaa  forjiirl  ten  and 
boy  aix.  Beferaneeaneoeieary.  6,201,  Outlook, 

WANTEI>-An  American  young  lady  aa 
companion-halpar.  State  age  and  f  lOl  particu- 
lara.  6,aW,  Outlook. 

Teachers  and  Covameaaaa 

OOTERNE88  wanted,  care  and  entartain- 
mantof  pupila,  September  18,  aohool  backward 

El.  ^o  teaonliw  nor  household  dutiea. 
en  teacher^  ore  goremeaaea.)  Four 
I  free  middle  of  day,  all  day  monthly 
(Wedneaday),  three  daya  at  Chriatmaa,  two 
ICaater.  Educated  American  Proteatant. 
Thirty-five  monthly.  Including  board,  laundry, 
room  atone  near  three  pupua.  Peraonal  in- 
terview, referencee,  cburch  aSlliation,  age. 
Seguin  Sdiool,  Orange,  N.  J. 

WANTED— Competent  teacfaera  for  pnbHc 
and  private  aehoola  and  collagea.  Sand  (or  bul- 
letin. Albany  Taacbaia'  Agency.  Albany,  N.T. 
OOTERNE8SE8,  matnma,  mothera'  help- 
era,   cafeteria   managera,^   df  *" 


iteria   managera,    dietitiana.     Hiai 
,  SS7  Howanf  Billldli«,  Providence 

,   18  Jackaon    BaU,    Trinity   Courts 

Thuiadayi,  11  to  1. 

NURSERY  Eovemeaa,  Proteatant,  (or  chil- 
dren three,  eight,  and  eleven,  In  Cleveland. 
Mnat  be  good  uurae.  Would  like  French, 
German,  and  kindergarten  training.  Longeu- 
gagement  and  advancement  (or  eiflciency. 
Belerencea  required-  8,210,  Outtook. 


HELP  WANTED 


Teaeltere  and  Ooverneaaaa 

TEACHERS  deairfaig  ecbool  or  ooOege 
'oaltiaai  apply  Intamatknal  Musical  and 
BdncaticoarAgeoKy,  Carnegie  Hall,  N.  T. 

WANTED,  for  private  adiool,  experienced 
ktadermrtaar  who  can  apeak  French  fluently. 


6,102,  ( 


WANTED-Expeilenced   teacher,  oollege 

ladnate,  to  teach  mathematka  and  aoieDoe 

Philadelphia.    C^n, 


gradi 


ui  private  achool 
OuOook. 


SITUATIONS  WANTED 


ProfeealonnI  Situatlona 


WANTED,  by  graduate  reaJatared  imiae, 
dtoatioa  aa  neMrnniae  in  coDege  inflr 
Mlas  Mamie  Wri^it,  Baita^etB.  O. 


» infirmary. 


Bualneae  Situations 

CHURCH  director  d  yoong  people^a  work. 
Trained  and  experienced  woman.  a,UB. 
Outkx*.  ^^ 

Oompanlonaaad  Domeetle  Helpers 

LAST  dealrea  poaition  aa  annerinb 

matron  of  inatitnion,  pcafanbly  cfail 

private  home.     Kzperienoed.  refined,    beet 


,  M  Cottage  St.,  New 


PRACTICAL,    oonadentiooB 
loaaekeeiier,  leaTinK  present 


recommendationeVAt  libeity  Beptemher  1. 
8,17s,  Outknk. 

EXPERIENCED  dietitian  -  hooaekeeper 
wiahea  poaition  in  amall  boarding  aohool,  dob. 
or  private  family.  Intereeted  in  keeping 
houaehold  exnenaea  dowu._  Refei 
changed  Addreaa  O.,  ' 
Haven,  Conn. 

PRACTICA" 

hooaekeeiier, ^ , __, 

tember  U,  ready  br  buaineaa  October 
Private  and  public  experience..  Will  weloome 
auperviaing  care  o(  chUdran.  Good  reference. 
Addreaa  A.  I.  R.,  Box  SM,  Montroae,  Pa. 

LADT,  experienced  in  manuement  of 
apartment  houae,  tactful,  good  }udKe  o( 
human  nature,  wtuias  position.  6,ai»,  Ontlook- 

COMP ANION  to  elderly  oouple ;  home- 
maker  for  motherleee  family.  Higheat  refer- 
encee. ei,»>t,  Outknk. 

POSITION  aa  companion,  managing  houae- 
keeper,  chaperon,  oriiartial  care  of^  mental 
caae.  Expartanced.  Willing  to  travel.  Beat 
referencee.  8,100,  Outlook. 

COLLEGE  graduate,  five  years'  experience 
in  teaching,  wiahea  poaition  aa  companion  <a 
to  teach  In  private  family.  Coontry  pre- 
ferred. M*7,  Outkwk. 

WOMAN  of  culture,  oompetent  to  take  fnU 
charge  of  houaehold,  or  act  aa  oomnanlcn. 
chaperon,  etc  deeirea  poaitian  In  bi^  claaa 
home.  Raa  traveled  ezUnaivaiy,  and  aaeocia- 
tiona  vahied  greatly.  Bighaei  oredantiali 
(umiabed.  Addreaa  B.  E.,  Qeneral  Delivery. 
Bocheater,  N.  T. 

TOUNG  woman,  collage  graduate,  wiahea 
to  go  to  aonthera  CaUfomia  after  October  I 
aa  bdiea'  attendant.  No  oompsnaation  other 
than  expeneea.  Relerencea  exchanged.  Ms^ 
Outkiok. 

TRAINED  dietitian,  hoapital  experlenn. 
deeirea  poaition  in  hoapital  or  adiooL  6,1m, 
Outlook. 

Tsaehers  and  Covernesaas 

CAMP  DIRECTOR  and  Eentlemnn  o( 
boarding  achool  axperienoe— draft  exempt— 
dealrea  reaidential  or  traveling  tutorehip 
young  boya  or  executive  Junior  achool  oon- 
nection.  Reachaa  New  York  September  e. 
8,178,  Outlook. 

KINDERGARTEN    and 

graduate  deeirea  poaition  hi  a  prir 

or  family  for  the  coming  achool  year. 
Outkwk. 

CORNEIX  graduate  dealrea  poaitian  in 
latin  dqiartment  cf  high  aohool  or  aeminary . 
Twelve  yeara'  experience.  6,138,  Outlook. 


primary    achool 
I  a  private  achool 


6,19ai 


MISCELLANEOUS 


by  Lyman  Abbott,  ako  4 

veraea  of  Ameriea—Tlie  Fledge  t    " 


PATRIOTISM   -,^_-.^^j 

.araeaof  America-TlieTledge  to  the  Flag- 
JverseaofTheStar-SpangledBannar,  all  ma 
liUle  leaflet.  Further  the  caoae  of  PabiotiBm 
by  diitributing  in  your  Mtera.  in  pay  eovel- 
opea,  in  echoola,  cBurchaa,  chwa,  and  i 
gatheriuKa.  200  aent  prepaid,  for 
Irthor  MTMorae,  McniolaETN.  J. 

OFFICER'S  wife,  oollege  gnduata,  with 
children  (tauaband  abroad),  wiahea  to  takatwv 

f:irla,  lu  to  18.  into  her  home  in  Weetcheeter 
or  winter.  Healthful  anrroundinga,  peraonal 
tutoring.  Bpecial  attention  to  voloe,  maii- 
nera,  and  general  information.  Write  Mrs. 
Raymond.  Eaat  Blue  Hill,  Maine. 

M.  W.  Wightman  &  Co.  Bhcpping  Anocy. 
eatabliahed  UW.  No  charge -,sin(Bptdalv«(j. 
44  Weat  22d  St.,  New  York. 


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THE   OUTLOOK 


37 


TEACHERS'    AQENCIES 


"he  Pratt  Teachers  Agency 

70  Fifth  Avenne,  Mew  Tork 

Boouuneiidi  taaotaBn  to  collegMMNlbllo  tad  prints  Mliooli 
JTMM  pT»nU  »bout  Mliooli.    Wii».  O.  Pratt.  Micr. 

EACHERS    WANTED     '[SfftSS?^ 

I  deputmant*.  tl,00O-|2,IIM.  SpeeikI  tarnu.  Tu  lurmi 

..  1*—  .  ^  a.     AMBunw        IffBAh^Ma      OnlUtniv      Maht  /Iwlaan 


ATI  TUCBBU' 


bOSMCT,  Hjicbeca  Building,  New  Orleans. 


ICHOOLS    AND    COLLEGES 


FLORIDA 


>ithedral  School  for  Girls 

OBLAMDO,  FLORIDA 

nder  Bpiteofol  control).  Colleee  Pnpantarj  ud  Oananl 
ouiiM,  »]mo  Miuic  Exviewion,  DomMtic  Bciencc  etc. 
krefulboma  lUe.  Idesl  olinute.  Low  ntea.  19th  year  begine 
ctober  J.  RKV.  RODERICK  P.  COBB.  A.M.,  Rector. 


ILLI  NOI8 


le  University  of  Chicago 

HOME 
STUDY 


io  sddhioa  to  resident 
work,  offen  sbo  untrue- 
boo  by  correspoadeiice. 

For    detailed    in- 

(ormstion  address 
ZTtkYstf  U.«IC(IMT.lt)CUc«va,IlL  iihcIm~utU« 


MASSACHUSCTTS 


>EAN   ACADEMY,  Franklin,  Mats. 

UdTesr 
'ouns  men  and  jonnKwomen  find  here  a  homelike  atuoa- 
here,  thorough aodMBcient  training  in  every  department 
[  a  broad  cunore,  a  lojal  and  helpful  achool  epirlt.  Libenl 
ndowmentpermlU  liberal  temu,tns->4()0  per  year.  Special 
ourae  in  DomeetiG  Science. 


ARTHUR 


For  catalogue  and  inf ormaUonaddreaa 

W.  FEIRCE,  ntt,  D.,  Prinolpal 


WALNUT  HILL  SCHOOL 

»3  Highland  St.,  Matiek.  Mas*. 

.  CoHega  Prapaniory  School  (or  Girl*.  17  milea  from  Boaton. 

Mlaa  Conant.  Mlaa  Birelow,  Prinelpala. 


THE  MISSES  ALLEN  SCHOOL 

Life  in  the  open.  Athlettca.  HouMhold  Arta.   College  and 
eneral  oouraea.  

Kach  girl'a  penonality  obaerred  and  dereloped.  Write  for 

ooklat.  „ „ 

Wbt  Hiwtdk,  MAia. 


NEW    Y  OR  K 


400SAC  SCHOOL  5°«¥o*X 

A  Chareh  Sekool  For  Boy 
lealthfullr  kwatad  In  the  opper  Hooeao  Valley  among  the 
larkahii*  BiUa.  U  milea  from  Wlllianutown,  Maaa.,  W  milea 
rom  Albany,  N.  T.  Preparaa  tor  college  and  bnalnaaa  Hfe. 
ndiridaal  care  ghren  to  each  boy.  Athletica,  Football, 
lockey,  BaaabaU.  Daihr  Drill  tai  BlUitanr  Bxarciaea.  Addieas 
iKCTOR,  EEV.  K.  tf.  TIBBIT8.  DjSa  L.H.D.,  Hooaick, 
I.  T.  HKAS  MASTKR,  MB.  K.  E.  WKNTWORTH,  M.A., 
iamnL  Bchool  year  bagtaa  Beptember  S,  UU.  VISITOR, 
■HK  BT.  BKV.  B.  HTNKLadS;  D.D,  Albany,  M.  Y. 

THE    OSSINING    HOSPITAL 

aitnated  at  2U  Spring  St.,  Oiafaiing,  New  Tork 
«AINTAINS  A  TRAINING  SCHOOL  for  NURSES 

The  length  of  the  courae  la  iH  years  and  the  achool  la  reg- 
itered  by  the  Mew  Tork  State  Bducation  Department, 
.Ibany,  New  Tork.  Being  affiliated  with  Bellerne  Hospital, 
he  student  apeuda  aix  montha  of  the  2K  years  at  one  ol  the 
Luraing  aohoola  c<  that  institntion  bi  New  Tork  City. 

No  allowance  la  giren  during  the  probationary  period  of 
wo  moaths,  but  after  the  student  is  accepted  she  la  giren 
.10  per  month  daring  the  Unt  year  and  $13  per  month  for 
he  remainder  of  the  time. 

Caadldatea  ahoold  be  from  19  to  SI  years  of  sge  and  ahould 
e  able  to  preaent  edocatlonal  credentiala  covering  at  least 
ne  year's  high  school  work  or  its  eauivmlent. 

There  are  aereisJ  vacancies  to  be  filled,  and  thoae  deairing 
o  enter  the  September  okas  ahould  apply  at  once  to  the 
iuperintendent. 

it.  John's  Riverside  Hospital  Training 
School  (or  Nnrses 

YONKCRS.    NEW  YORK 

Begistered  In  Haw  Tork  Btat^  oilers  a  >  years'  oourse— a 
laneral  tnlntng  to  refined,  educated  women.  Require, 
aenta  one  year  high  scliool  or  Its  e<mlTaleut.  Apply  to  the 
>iiectieaa  of  Noraaa,  Vonkera,  New  Tork.         


NEW    YORK   CITY 


THE  SCUDDER  SCHOOL.  Day  and  BoanKsg 

A  prrtcticai  finUhing  school  for  oirU  and  mature  young 
rom^n.  BuMtb  oentnl  loostion  wt  Blverslde  Drire  OT«r- 
ooking  the  Hudson. 

Dorasstlo  soianoa  np  to  data.   Mary  Lee  Swann,  Director. 

Hish  class  secrttanal  trmintng  a  apecialty— high  class  posl- 
ions  a  result.  Qf  tnieresl  to  high  »enoot  and  coilege  gradu- 
tUt  and  matvre  gotmff  icomrit  NOT  high  srhooi  gniduate^. 

Collein  pfspamkn.  Spanish ;  Frencb.  NalUv  teachert. 

Health  sniwrrlskn  \  Pnfestiorud  phggieal  director. 

Oirls  from  35  BUtea,  Csnada  an<r  ebswhera.   14  oolteKea 
•epresentad  last  ystt* 
Its.  O.  L.  BoTOMiirBaflstfar.  as  W.  Tad  St.,  N.  T. 


UNION  THEOLOGICAL  SEMINARY 

BnWwar  at  120db  Strctt 
New  TefkCHy 

llie  charter  reqnlrea  that  "Equal prlvUegaa of  admlaalon 


The  Outlook 

Copyright,  1918,  by  The  Oatlook  Company 

TABLE  OF  CONTENTS 

YoL  120      September  11,  1918        No.  2 

TB>  oirTLoax  IB  rmusBSD  wxiklt  ct  tub  outlook  comAHT, 

381      rOUBTH      ATSHDB,     KMW     TORK.         LAWBKHCI    W,     ABSOTT, 

PBSswBirr.     V.  t.  pdlsitbk,  Tica^ RBiomrr.     ntuiK  c.  hott, 

TBKA8DHXB.  lunBT  B.  ABBOTT,  BBCKBTART.  TRATBBS  D. 
CAKMAB,      ADTBBTWBO      MABAOBB.  TBAKLT     aUBBOBHTWB— 

niTT-TWO  nSUBi— fODB  DOIXABS  IB  AOTABOB.  BBTBBBD 
AS  BBOOBD-OLAiS  MATTBB,  JDI.T  21,  WS,  AT  TBE  MST 
OmOB    AT    BBW   TOBX,    OIONB    TRB    ACT    OB    HABOB    3,    U79 


War  Action  that  Will  Help  Ut  Win 39 

The  Senate  Votes  Dry 39 

The  War  and  Child  Labor 39 

"Cha(leM  Sunday" 39 

A  Week  of  Viotorieg 40 

Will  Ruuia  be  a  Thorn  in  Germany's  Side?  40 

Labor  Day , 41 

Some  State  Primaries 41 

America's  War  Ambassador  to  Great  Britain  41 
The  Old-Time  New  England   Shipyards..  42 

A  Bachelor's  Garden 42 

The  Bowling  Green  Association 42 

Cartoons  of  the  Week 43 

Light  from  Dark  Africa 44 

Three  Foreign  Americanizing  Leagues...  44 

The  S.  V.  C 44 

A  Just  Peace 45 

The  Democracy  of  a  Private  School 45 

A  Legacy  of  the  War  to  Our  Colleges...  46 

Goldenrod 47 

The  Colleges  and  the  War 48 

The  Vanished  Schoolmaster  (Poem) 51 

By  Hermann  Hagedom 

In  an  Empty  Class-Room  (Poem) 51 

By  Vera  M.  Bnrridg* 

The  Battle  of  Chlteau  Thierry  and  Beyond  51 
ByJoaepb  H.  Odell.  Special  Correspondent  ol 
The  Outlook  in  France 

Making  the  Maimed  Whole.  What  Our 
Wounded  Soldiers  Can  Learn  from  Dis- 
abled Men  Who  have  Been  Educated  for 
Efficiency : 

"Useful  as  Other  Men  Are" 54 

By  Laey  Simnu 
I  Mutilati 55 

By  Frank  Hunter  Potter 

"The  World  a  Very  Cheerful  Place"  56 

By  Jamee  J.  Wilaoa 

Tying  History  to  Life 58 

By  J.  Madison  Gatbany.  A.M. 

Current  Events  Illustrated 61 

Edueation  for  Citizenship 64 

By  Paul  Lm  Blicrba 

Weekly  Outline  Study  of  Current  History    6 

By  J.  Madiaon  Galhany,  A.M. 

The  Story  of  Firearms— 1 68 

A  Reorganized  Railway :  The  Results  of 
Reorganization  from  an  Investor's  Stand- 
point    73 

By  the  Way 74 

BT  SUBSCRIPTION  M.0O  A  TEAB.    gingla  coplee  10  osats. 
For  foreign  aubsoriptioo  to  couDtries  in  the  Foetal  Union,  tSM. 
Addzeas  all  ooounnnioatioaa  to 

THE  OUTLOOK  COMPANY 

381  Fourth  Avenue  New  Yokr  City 


Salt  Mackerel 

CODFISH,  FRESH  LOBSTER 

RIGHT  FROM  THE  FISHING  BOATS  TO  YOU 


FAMILIES  who  are  fond  of  FISH  cui  be  annpUed 
DIRECT  from  GLOUCESTER,  MASS..  by  the 
FRANK  E.  DAVIS  COMPANY,  with  newly  caught. 
KEEPABLE  OCEAN  FISH,  choicer  than  any  bihud 
dealer  could  poaribiy  furnish. 

We  leU  ONLY  TO  THE  CONSUMER  DIRECT. 
sending  by  EXPRESS  RIGHT  TO  YOUR  HOME. 
We  PREPAY  expreas  on  all  orders  east  of  Kanma.  Onr 
fish  are  pure,  appetising  and  eoofxwucal  and  we  want  YOU 
to  try  some,  paymoit  subject  to  your  approval. 

SALT  MACKEREL.  Cat;  mtatr,  Jnhjr  flah,  am 
delicious  for  breakfast.  They  axe  freahly  pacxod  In  brine 
and  will  not  spoil  on  your  hands. 

CODFISH,  as  we  mlt  U,  Is  whiu,  boneless  and  ready 
for  instant  use.  It  mskea  a  aobaiantial  meal,  a  fine  change 
from  meat,  at  a  much  lower  ooet. 

FRESH  LOBSTER  la  the  best  tUng  known  for  aalada. 
Ri^t  fresh  from  the  water,  our  lobetwa  limply  are  boiled 
and  packed  In  PARCHMENT4JNEO  CANS.  They 
come  to  yoQ  aa  the  purest  and  safeet  lobsters  you  can  buy 
and  the  moat  la  aa  crisp  and  natural  aa  if  yon  took  h  from 
the  ahell  yourself. 

FRIED  CLAMS  U  a  reliahable,  hearty  diah,  that  your 
whole  family  will  enjoy.  No  other  flavor  la  Just  like  that  of 
clama,  whetner  fried  or  in  a  chowder. 

FRESH  MACKEREL,  perfect  tor  trying,  SHRIMP 
to  cream  on  toast,  CRABMEAT  for  Newbuig  cs  deviled, 
SALMON  ready  to  serve,  SARDINES  of  aB  kinds, 
TUNNY  for  adad,  SANDWICH  FILLINGS  and  every 
good  thfaig  packed  bere  or  abroad  you  can  get  direct  fran 
us  and  keep  right  on  your  pantry  abslt  for  regular  or 
emergency  use. 

With  every  Older  w«  said  BOOK  OF  RECi- 
PES  for  preparing  all  our  produota.     WrUe 
Jar  il.     Our  lilt  tells  how  each  Und  of       ,. 
fish  is  put  up,  with  the  driivered  price       ..*'*    PVaafc  B. 
so  you  can   obooae  just  what  yon  Davia  Ce. 

will    enjoy    most.      Bend     the         .-*     stC^talWbiL 
coupon  for  tt  now.  ..-     GloociSr.BK 

FRANK     E . .     ..•••■■  .    "« /^™  7?" 
DAVIS  CO.    ..•••■        ""^^  "^  ^^*  "^ 

S4Csatrsl 
Wkari. 


V^ 


JVoms.. 


airtel. 


oui/. 


.Slalt.. 


Boston 
Garter 


atioa 

the  Boston 


GEORGE  FROST  CO..Ma*.r..  BOSTON 


Digitized  by 


Google 


38 


THE   OUTLOOK 


Why  worry — 

the  floor  is  Valsparred! 


Think  of  having  a  varnish  on  your  floors, 
woodwork,  and  furniture  that  says,  "  Why 
worry  when  accidents  happen  V* 

There  is  one  such  varnish — Valspar. 

Thousands  of  tests  have  proved  conclu- 
sively that  water,  either  scalding  hot  or 
icy  co\A, positively  will  not  injure  its  surface. 

Nor  will  alcohol,  ammonia,  and  such 
liquids  turn  it  white,  spot  or  mar  its 
beautiful  surface. 

In  the  bathroom,   kitchen,  pantry,  and 


laundry,  spills  and  splashes  won't  hurt 
it — in  fact,  the  way  to  clean  a  Valsparred 
surface  is  to  wash  it  with  hot  water  and 
soap  ! 

Use  Valspar  wherever  you  need  varnish^ 
indoors  or  out. 

It  protects  and  preserves.  It  is  quick- 
drying.  It  gives  a  beautiful  finish.  It  is 
wonderfully  tough  and  durable. 

Don't  rest  content  with  merely  reading 
about  Valspar  varnish.     Try  it. 


Special  Offer — If  you  wish  to  test  Valspar  send  20c.  in  stamps  and 
we  will  send  you  enough  Valspar  to  finish  a  small  table  or  chair. 


VALENTINE'S 

LSPAR 

The  Vamish  That  Won't  Turn  White 


VALENTINE    &   COMPANY 

440  Fourth  Avenue,  New  York 

Lar£ttt  Man^/mctMrtrt  of  Higk-srattt  Varnithtt  in  thi  v^rtd 
ESTABLISHRD  l8l9 


New  York  Chicago 

Boston 


Toronto  Londoa 

(Trade  Mark)  Amsterdam 


W.  P.  FULLBR  &  Co.,  Saq  Francisco  and  PriDc{|)tl 
Pacific  Coast  Cities 


Digitized  by 


Google 


The  Outlook 

SEPTEMBER  11,  1918 
Offices,  38L  Fourth  Avenue,  New  York 


WAR  ACTION  THAT    WILL  HELP  US  WIN 

**  Out  to  Win "  is  the  title  of  Coningsby  Dawson's  new 
book.  It  is  tiie  motive  and  motto  of  radical  and  thoroughgoing 
measurefl  jntit  put  into  activity  by  Congress,  the  Administration, 
and  the  people. 

"  We  solemnly  purpose  a  decisive  victory,"  says  President 
Wilson  in  ids  admirable  proclamation  of  the  new  Man  Power 
Bill,  signed  b;^  him  on  August  31.  The  calmness  and  cheerful- 
ness with  which  the  measure  has  been  received,  almost  as  a 
matter  of  oourse,  fully  bears  out  the  President  when  he  adds : 
"  By  the  mem  of  the  older  group  nowtsalled  on  the  opportunity 
now  opened  to  them  will  be  accepted  with  the  calm  resolution 
of  tkose  who  realize  to  the  full  the  deep  and  solemn  significance 
of  what  diey  do.  .  .  .  They  know  how  surely  this  is  the  Nation's 
war^  how  imperatively  it  demands  the  mobilization  and  massing 
of  all  our  resources  of  every  kind,  lliey  will  regard  this  call  as 
the  snpreme  call  of  their  day,  and  will  answer  it  accordingly." 
It  is  believed  that  the  extension  of  the  age  liinit  to  the  period 
long  ago  traditionally  established  as  that  for  military  service — 
that  is,  to  include  all  men  between  the  ages  of  eighteen  and 
forty-five — will  produce  a  new  r^istry  of  about  twelve  and  a 
half  millions,  to  oe  added  to  the  first  r^stry  of  nine  and  a 
haJf  million  men  between  twenty-one  and  tibirty-one.  New  York 
City  alone  is  expected  to  roister  a  million  men.  All  must  reg- 
ister, but  by  no  means  all  are  to  fight.  The  unfit,  the  alien,  the 
man  who  has  pressing  responsibilities  to  &iiiily  or  the  public, 
and,  above  all,  as  the  President  says,  "  those  who  cannot  be 
spared  from  the  civil  and  industrial  tasks  at  home  upon  which 
the  sncoess  of  our  armies  depends  as  much  as  upon  the  fighting 
at  the  front " — these  classes  will  be  withheld  from  the  fitting 
front.  AH  others  of  the  a^  indicated  must  register  on  Thurs- 
dayt  September  12.  This  starts  the  machinery  which  will 
assiuredly  array  an  army  of  4,000,000  Americans  against  the 
Hun  next  summer.  And  it  can  be  doubled  thereafter,  if 
need  be. 

The  draft  bill  passed  with  slight  change  from  its  original 
form.  The  '*  work  or  fight "  amendment  failed,  not  beoiuse 
it  was  wrong  in  prinoijue,  but  partly  because  other  former 
l^slation  gave  power  tio  prod  industrial  slackers,  partly  be- 
cause meml^rs  thought  that  "  anti-strike  "  industrial  legislation 
did  not  belong  in  a  draft  bilL  The  educational  provision  is 
worded  as  follows : 

The  Secretary  of  War  is  authorized  to  assign  to  educational  • 
institations  for  special  and  technical  training  soldiers  who  enter 
the  military  service  nnder  the  provisions  of  this  act  in  such 
numbers  and  under  snch  reflations  as  he  may  prescribe  ;  and 
is  authorized  to  contract  witli  such  educational  institutions  for 
the  subsistence,  quarters,  and  military  and  academic  instruction 
of  snch  soldiers. 

We  give  the  exact  Government  statement  as  to  its  plans  in 
this  diroction  on  another  page. 


THE  SENATE  VOTES  DRY 

Another  indication  of  the  Nation's  fixed  purpose  to  win 
was  seen  when  the  Senate  passed  the  "  Bone  Dry  Amendment " 
with  practically  no  opposition.  War  prohibition  is  a  war  meas- 
ure, based  not  on  theory  but  solely  for  war  efficiency.  The  only 
regrettable  thing  about  the  law  is  that  it  goes  into  effect  on 
the  first  day  of  next  July  instead  of  next  January.  An  excellent 
and  practical  provision,  however,  allows  the  President  to  estab- 
lish anr  zcmes  about  industrial  pbmts,  coal  mines,  and  other  dis- 
tricts, m  his  discretion.  Like  other  war  legislation,  the  operation 
of  this  Act  will  extend  beyond  the  war  during  demobilization, 
the  date  to  be  fixed  by  the  President. ,  .  ,  . 
Technically,  the  "  bone  dry  "  situation  is  this :  the  measure 


just  passed  by  the  Senate  is  an  amendment  to  a  Food  Production 
Act  which  has  been  pjussed  by  both  branches  of  Congress,  but 
with  a  different  prohibition  amendment  in  the  lower  house.  It 
is  predicted  that  the  House  conferees  will  accept  the  Senate 
amendment  in  place  of  its  own. 

It  is  an  astonishingly  hard  time  for  King  Booze  just  now  t 
Apart  from  the  war  measure,  it  is  apropos  to  note  that  fourteen 
States  have  ratified  the  Federal  Prohibition  Amendment,  and 
that  there  are  twenty  States  already  dry  which  are  yet  to  be 
heard  from.  Assuming  that  these  will  ratify,  onljr  two  more  are 
needed  to  swing  the  (^institution  into  the  prohibition  line. 

THE  WAR  AND  CHILD  LABOR 

A  proposed  war  measure  (avowedly  so,  and  maintainable  only 
as  such)  is  the  Keating  Child  Labor  Bill,  now  before  the  House. 
It  would  directly  prohibit  the  labor  of  children  imder  the  age 
of  fourteen  years  at  any  time  and  of  children  between  the  ages 
of  fourteen  and  sixteen  for  more  than  eight  hours  a  day  or  at 
night  in  mills,  factories,  canneries,  and  manufacturing  establish- 
ments, and  of  children  under  sixteen  years  of  age  in  mines  and 
quarries.  These  are  the  standards  of  the  Federal  Child  Labor 
Law  recently  declared  unconstitutional  by  the  Supreme  Court. 
The  new  bill  seeks  to  restore  and  maintain  these  standards  dur- 
ing the  war  by  direct  prohibition  under  the  war  power  of  Con- 
gress. There  is  no  question  of  the  authority  of  Congress  to  meet 
the  present  emei^^cy  in  this  way.  The  uiw  wouM  remain  in 
force  for  the  duration  of  the  war  and  six  months  thereafter. 
^  this  means  time  would  be  given  to  draw  up  a  new  Federal 
Child  Labor  Bill  which  will  meet  the  test  of  constitutionality. 

The  immediate  need  for  a  National  law  is  very  strongly  lelt 
by  those  who  are  iia  dose  touch  with  the  conditions  affecting 
children.  From  all  over  the  country  reports  come  in  of  greatly 
increased  numbers  of  work  permits  issued  to  children  during 
the  last  few  months,  of  an  increase  in  juvenile  delinquency  in 
certain  cities,  and  of  illegal  employment  of  children. 

"CHUGLESS  SUNDAY" 

The  American  people  on  their  first  "  chugless  Sunday  " 
voluntarily  suid  with  an  astonishing  approach  to  unanimity 
accepted  uie  request  of  the  Fuel  Administrator  to  refrain  from 
using  in  pleasure  riding  the  gasoline  so  much  needed  for  our 
motor  trucks,  tanks,  and  urplanes  in  France.  It  was  a  real 
sacrifice  on  the  part  of  those  who  can  use  their  cars  for  pleasure 
only  on  Sunday,  but  it  was  made  cheerfully  and  even  gleefully. 
The  few  who  diJsregarded  the  request  proved  a  shining  mark 
for  the  jeers  of  the  earless  populace.  Statistics  as  to  increased 
church  attendance  are  laclung.  Rough  estimates  of  the  gasoline 
saved  on  that  one  day  range  m>m  seven  to  ten  million  gallons — 
enough  to  move  a  sizable  army  in  France. 

The  only  dissent  from  this  gasoline-saving  plan  comes  from 
those  who  desire  to  make  it  more  rigid  by  means  of  gasoline 
cards  issued  in  accordance  with  the  use  made  of  the  cars  and 
limiting  the  amount  to  be  used  in  all  pleasure  travel  to  fit  each 
case.  It  is  argued  that  this  would  work  more  fairly  as  between 
the  man  of  moderate  means  and  the  rich  man  than  the  Sunday 
plan,  for  the  man  of  moderate  means  often  has  no  leisure  to 
take  his  family  out  excbpt  on  Sunday. 

Now  let  Dr.  Garfield  take  courage  from  this  response  of  the 
people  and  shut  down  rigorously  the  use  of  coal  and  resulting 
light  for  display  and  non-essentials.  The  people  are  not  afraid 
of  restriction ;  they  are  afraid  of  unequal  distribution,  of  a 
repetition  of  last  year's  suffering  of  the  poor  for  lack  of  fuel,  of 
deficiency  in  the  coal  for  ships,  munitions,  and  things  nei-essary 
in  civil  life.  There  are  too  many  "  ifs  "  in  the  coal  programme — 

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if  we  don't  have  too  cold  weather,  and  if  every  one  will  bum  a 
third  less  coal,  and  so  on.  Meanwhile  some  dealers  have  no  coal, 
others  seem  to  have  plenty ;  some  consumers  are  supplied,  others 
who  hopefully  obeyed  Dr.  Grarfield's  "  early  bird  "  injunctions 
last  April  continue  to  wonder  when  the  "  worm  "  will  appear. 

A  WEEK  OF  VICTORIES 

The  completeness  of  the  Allies'  victory  on  the  western 
front  was  doubly  assured  in  the  week  ending  September  3  by  a 
long  and  almost  startling  list  of  towns  and  positions  captured 
or  occupied.  One  by  one  in  quick  succession  fell,  following  the 
pivotal  success  at  Bapaixme,  Roye,  Chaulnes,  Combles,  Noyon, 
Bullecourt,  P^ronne,  and  literally  scores  of  less  well  known 
places.  And  the  success  was  not  only  on  the  Somme  front,  but 
both  to  the  north  and  the  south  of  it.  When  we  remember 
with  what  anxiety  and  depression  we  all  read  the  news  months 
ago  of  the  capture  of  Mont  Kemmel  by  the  Germans,  we  can 
measure  the  corresponding  elation  with  which  its  recapture  by 
the  British  was  welcomed  last  week.  The  gateway  of  the  road 
leading  toward  Calais  on  the  line  stretching  between  Locre  and 
Ypres  had  been  valiantly  held  despite  the  German  occupation 
of  Mont  Kemmel.  Now,  as  one  may  sa^,  the  gate  is  shut  and 
locked  and  guarded.  Somewhat  surprisingly,  a  division  of 
Americans  (Washington  authorities  think  that  it  is  the  Twenty- 
seventh  Division)  is  reported  as  working  with  the  British  in 
Belgium,  and  to  it  is  attributed  the  capture  of  the  town  of 
Voormezeele.  This,  added  to  the  capture  in  the  southern  part 
of  the  line  by  Americans  of  the  town  of  Juvigny,  insures  a  full 
share  of  the  honors  of  the  week  to  American  soldiers. 

News  of  the  crowning  victory  of  the  week  came  on  Septem- 
ber 8.  Lens,  the  fortifi^  city  which  stood  like  a  rock  before 
the  old  German  line  and  was  in  vain  attacked  by  the  British 
over  and  over  again  last  year,  has  fallen  into  British  hands. 

There  remains  now  of  the  territory  occupied  by  the  Germans 
in  their  great  offensives  which  started  op  March  21  only  an 
arid,  devastated,  worthless  stretch  of  what  is  practically  an  ex- 
aggerated No  Man's  Land.  Much  of  this  ground  has  been  fought 
over  four  times.  With  the  exception  of  the  fortress  of  Ham, 
there  is  not  a  spot  in  it  that  is  capable  of  prolonged  defense  or 
that  is  worth  defending  by  the  Germans. 

More  than  that;  the  British  have  broken  through  the 
famous  Drocourt-Quefuat  line;  This  is  a  real  penetration  into  the 
enemy's  old  line  of  defense,  and  if  the  hole  is  extended  and 
Allied  armies  push  through,  a  serious  outflanking  of  the  famous 
Hindenbu]^  Ime  may  result,  with  the  not  improbable  result 
of  another  mrge-scale  retiral  by  the  Germans.  Our  readers  will 
recall  that  this  noted  "  switch-line "  was  a  sort  of  patch  put 
on  the  northern  part  of  the  Hindenbui^  line  when  that  section 
of  the  proposed  Lne  of  defense  nmning  from  Arras  southeast  to 
Bullecourt  was  broken  through  by  the  British  who  followed 
up  the  Germans  so  rapidly  in  the  great  German  withdrawal  on 
the  Somme  front.  Thus  the  Drocourt-Queant  loop  became  an 
integral  part  of  the  Hindenbui^  line,  as  strong  and  as  firmly. 
held  as  any  other  part.  The  British  are  now  astride  of  the 
Arras-Cambrai  highway,  and  this  section  of  the  gi«at  conflict 
offers  tempting  possibilities. 

What  of  the  future?  It  is  almost  inconceivable  that  the 
Germans  should  plan  and  execute  another  great  offensive  this 
year.  It  is  far  more  probable  that  General  Foch  will  strike  on 
a  large  scale.  Kecent  and  new  methods  of  wire-cutting,  of  attack 
by  tanks,  and  of  artillery  fire  have  made  the  defense  of  trenches 
and  fortified  lines  leas  secure  than  before.  The  splendid  work 
done  by  the  whippets  or  light  tanks  is  an  illustration  of  this. 
More  than  ever  before  in  this  war,  it  is  now  army  against  army 
and  generalship  against  generalship. 

It  is  difficult  at  this  time  to  form  an  accurate  idea  of  the 
losses  either  by  the  enemy  or  the  Allies,  but  there  is  good  evi- 
dence that  the  Allies'  losses  have  be^  slight  as  compared  with 
the  enormous  extent  of  the  operations  carried  on.  As  to  the 
German  losses,  an  indication  is  given  by  an  official  report  issued 
in  Paris  on  September  2  which  states  that  128,302  men  had 
been  captured  by  the  Allies  since  July  15,  together  with  2,069 
guns  and  nearly  14,000  machine  guns. 

One  indication  that  the  German  power  is  tottering  is  seen  in 
tiie  seizure  by  Spun  of  one  or  more  German  ships  as  reprisal 


for  the  destruction  of  Spanish  ships  by  submarines.  HoUx 
is  threatening  to  take  the  same  course.  It  is  always  nob 
able  that  these  long-suffering  neutrals  who  have  most  serio 
outrages  to  resent  show  increasing  firmness  against  Genn 
tyranny  whenever  the  military  star  of  the  AUies  is  in  t 
ascendant. 

It  is  futile  and  childish  for  German  writers  to  attemM 
minimize  the  extent  of  their  great  defeat.  From  the  Kaiser  am 
they  bragged  too  loudly  and  too  posith/ely  about  their  will 
win  by  one  tremendous  assault  or  series  df  assaults  this  sumnii 
As  one  writer  says,  "  Their  whole  campaign  of  1918  to  da 
stands  out  by  their  retreat  as  a  confessed  one  hundred  per  oe 
failure."  They  have  lost  the  initiative ;  they  have  suffered  qui 
out  of  proportion  to  the  losses  of  their  enemies ;  they  have  drai 
on  their  reserves  in  a  most  extensive  way.  Thus,  while  the  Alii 
may  look  forward  to  a  continuous  and  steady  increase 
reserves  during  the  coming  months,  the  Germans  must  reorg: 
ize  their  shattered  units,  fill  up  their  reserves  with  boys  a 
untrained  men,  and  make  what  seems  now  to  be  an  aim 
hopeless  attempt  to  match  the  brain  power  of  their  strategii 
with  that  of  the  gfreat  leader  of  the  Allies,  General  Foch. 

VILL  RUSSIA  BE  A  THORN  IN  GERMANY'S  SIDE? 

The  rule  of  the  Bolsheviki  is  endangered  from  many  dii 
tions.  In  Moscow  itself  the  Social  Revolutionists  are  adopti 
the  Nihilistic  methods  they  formerly  used  against  the  C 
in  their  effort  to  overthrow  the  Bolsnevild.  A  more  compl 
answer  could  not  be  had  to  the  mistaken  impression  so  k 
prevalent  in  this  country  that  the  Bolsheviki  represented  n 
cal  democracy..  The  Social  Revolutionists  are  certainly  radi 
enough  to  make  absurd  the  idea  that  the  enemies  of  the  Bui 
eviki  are  chiefly  reactionaries  and  imperialists. 

It  was  at  the  hands  of  Social  Revolutionists  that  the  Germ 
Ambassador  in  Moscow  and  tiie  German  Governor  in  I 
Ukraine  met  their  deaths.  Now  comes  the  news  that  a  wom 
Social  Revolutionist,  Dora  Kaplan,  has  tried  to  assassiiii 
Lenine,  the  head  of  the  Bolshevik  government.  It  is  not  kno 
positively  as  we  write  whether  Lenine  is  living  ac  dead,  but 
seems  certain  that  he  was  seriously  wounded.  Lenine  may  p 
sibly  not  have  been  a  German  spy,  but  he  could  not  have  d< 
more  to  help  Germany  if  he  had  been  its  ^d  tooL  His  r 
name  is  said  to  have  been  Vladimir  Ulianoff.  Before  the  i 
Lenine  vrrote  much  on  Social  Democracy,  and  he  has  aim 
declared  that  the  western  nations  were  really  fighting  agali 
world  democracy  and  for  capitalism.  The  ride  established 
Lenine  and  Trotsky  was  based  on  no  theory  either  of  democn 
or  Socialism.  It  corresponded  rather  with  the  teachings  of  ( 
I.  W.  W.,  in  that  it  would  exclude  not  only  capitaBsts  a 
intellectuals,  but  all  who  were  not  hand  workers,  from  any  p 
of  the  government.  This  is  pure  class  autocracy,  and  in 
development  Lenine  and  Trotsky  extended  it  to  mean  that  cm 
those  who  supported  them  should  be  regarded  as  belonging 
the  proletariat.  Thus  they  expelled  the  only  representati 
body  Russia  has  had  since  the  beginning  of  the  war — the  G 
stituent  Assembly.  It  is  interesting  to  note  that  reoen 
there  has  been  an  attempt  to  restore  the  power  of  the  Constitai 
Assembly  elected  last  fall  by  gathering  together  some  of 
members  at  Samara,  which  is  under  the  protection  of  I 
Czechoslovaks. 

The  military  movements  of  the  Allies,  intended  to  nn 
forces  of  the  Czechoslovaks  now  separated  by  a  stretch  of  I 
Siberian  Railway,  are  gaining  in  strength.  The  Bolsheviki  lu 
been  attacked  by  the  Japanese  on  the  Ussuri  River  front,  a 
apparentiy  with  success.  General  Semenoff  in  another  section 
advancing  almost  without  opposition.  It  will  not  be  long  bef< 
the  armies  of  the  Allies  and  of  General  Semenoff  and  of  t 
Czechoslovaks  will  form  a  continuous  line  along  the  rail* 
from  Irkutsk  eastward  to  the  Pacific.  It  recentiy  became  nen 
sary  for  the  Allies  to  put  an  end  to  the  attempt  of  Genei 
Horvath  to  assume  a  dictatorship  at  Vladivostok  which  was  u 
in  harmony  with  the  Allied  effort.  This  was  done  with  liti 
disturbance,  and  was  absolutely  necessary  to  carry  on  the  ge 
eral  object  of  safeguarding  Siberia. 

Inst^id  of  drawing  reserves  from  among  the  Russian  m 
jects,  as  had  been  Germany's  announced  intention,  it  now  see* 


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aore  probable  every  day  that  Russia  must  either  be  left  to  itself 
>T  Germany,  in  vrluch  case  the  fall  of  the  Bolsheviki  will  occur 
Imost  automatically,  or  that  Germany  must  make  such  a  mili- 
ary effort  in  Russia  that  in  a  certain  sense  a  new  Russian  war 
ront  will  be  created. 


JiBOB.  DAT 

The  celebration  of  Labor  Day  on  Monday  of  last  week 
ras  the  most  significant  and  patriotic  keeping  of  this  holiday 
ince  it  was  established  in  1887.  The  parades  in  the  various 
ities  of  the  country  this  year  were  not  merely  industrial  and 
argely  indicative  of  "  class  consciousness,"  as  they  often  have 
teen  in  the  past,  but  were  National,  loyal,  and  military  in  their 
haracter.  American  workingmen  took  the  occasion  to  demon- 
trate  that  they  were  first  of  all  for  American  liberty  and  after 
hat  for  the  rights  of  the  wage-worker.  This  is  the  position  of 
he  best-known  and  most  infiuential  leader  that  labor  has  ever 
lad  in  this  country,  Mr.  Samuel  Gompers.  Mr.  Gompers  is 
low  in  England  with  a  commission  of  labor  men,  genuine 
land  workers  and  not  mere  sentimentalists,  to  interpret  to 
British  labor  the  attitude  of  American  workmen  in  the  war. 
At.  Gompers  and  his  associates  are  telling  British  labor  that 
lo  workingman  can  have  his  rights  until  the  despotic  and  auto- 
iratic  doctrine  which  permeates  and  actuates  Germany  to-day 
9  thoroughly  rooted  out  of  the  world. 

The  huiday  was  taken  as  an  appropriate  time  for  the  launch- 
ng  of  some  of  our  new  ships.  In  the  Philadelphia  region  two 
hips  were  launched  aggregating  10,000  tons.  At  a  Massachu- 
etts  shipyard  a  13,000-ton  steamship  was  launched.  A  Govem- 
aent  minesweeper  was  launched  at  the  Brooklyn  shipyard, 
knd  at  Newburgh,  New  York,  sixty  miles  up  the  Hudson  and 
en  miles  above  West  Point,  the  seat  of  the  National  Military 
Academy,  a  9,000-ton  vessel  was  successfully  launched,  the  first 
i  a  series  which  are  being  built  in  that  Hudson  River  city, 
ilr.  Roosevelt  was  the  speifiker  of  the  day  at  Newburgh,  and 
ras  greeted  by  an  enthusiastic  audience  of  several  thousand 
leople.  There  is  a  romantic  historical  association  with  the 
Aunching  of  this  steamship,  which  takes  its  name,  "  Newburgh," 
rom  the  city  where  it  was  built.  Although  sixty  miles  from  the 
oean,  there  is  water  enough  in  the  river,  which  has  some  tidal 
low  and  ebb,  to  fioat  vessels  of  the  largfest  draught.  Newburgh 
)ay  is  broad  and  deep  enough  to  hold  a  large  fleet  of  our  big- 
;e8t  naval  vessels.  It  was  protected  from  the  ships  of  the  hostile 
British  navy  during  the  years  of  the  American  Revolution  by 
,  huge  hand-foi^ea  chain  which  was  stretched  across  the  river 
rom  the  precipitous  shores  at  West  Point  to  the  equally  rocky 
lank  on  tne  east  side  of  the  river.  Links  of  this  chain  manr  be 
een  to-day  in  the  museum  at  the  admirably  preserved . Wash- 
igton  P«idquarter8  in  the  city  of  Newburgh.  Not  even  a  "  big 
^rtha  "  could  bomb  the  Newburgh  shipyard  from  the  coast. 
Jo  one  now  supposes  that  Germany  will  ever  be  able  to  attack 
Jew  York,  but  the  fact  that  a  shipyard  sixty  miles  from  the 
s&  is  beginning  to  turn  out  once  a  month  9,000-ton  vessels  is  a 
triking  lUustration  of  the  hopelessness  of  Germany's  endeavor 
)  conquer  the  world  by  her  murderous  and  barbaric  submarine 
olicy. 

OME  STATE  PRIMARIES 

Of  the  State  primaries  just  held,  those  in  Michigan  are  of 
rational  significance  because  Mr.  Henry  Ford  was  a  candidate 
ir  both  the  Republican  and  Democratic  nomination  for  United 
itates  Senator.  Mr.  Ford,  who  was  supported  personally  by 
be  President  of  the  United  States,  won  nis  nomination  in  the 
>emocratic  paiiy,  but  was  defeated  in  the  Republican  primary 
y  Mr.  Truman  Handy  Newberry.  Mr.  Ford  has  generally 
een  oonsidered  a  Republican,  although  he  has  never  taken  an 
ctive  interest  in  politics,  and  is  reported  to  have  said  that, 
[though  he  has  been  a  voter  for  thirty-one  years,  in  all  that 
me  Lkb  has  voted  only  six  times,  and  uien  merely  because  his 
dfe  made  him  vote.  He  is  a  pronounced  and  professed  pacifist, 
"he  Democrats  doubtless  selected  him  as  their  candidate  partly 
ecanae  of  the  President's  support  and  P<ti^ly  because  of  his 
eaerved  prominence  as  an  industrial  genius.  The  fact  that  his 
ame  ii  a  household  word  wherever  automobOes  are  mentioned 


gfives  him  the  somewhat  uncertain  advantage  as  a  political 
candidate  which  notoriety  always  gives.  The  Republicans  doubt- 
less rejected  him  because  of  his  extreme  pacifism.  Mr.  New- 
berry, the  choice  of  the  Republicans,  is  in  military  matters  quite 
the  opposite  type  of  man  from  Mr.  Ford.  He  served  as  an 
enlisted  man  during  the  Spanish  War  on  the  U.  S.  S.  Yosemite, 
was  Assistant  Secretary  of  the  Navy  from  1905  to  1908,  and 
Secretary  of  the  Navy  in  the  Roosevelt  Cabinet  for  a  brief 
period  until  the  Roosevelt  Administration  was  succeeded  by 
Mr.  Taft's.  He  is  an  expert  who  has  alwars  taken  a  deep  and 
active  interest  in  the  prog^ress  pf  the  United  States  Kav^. 
Michigan  is  naturally  a  Republican  State.  The  country  will 
watch  with  interest  to  see  whether  Mr.  Ford's  unique  person- 
ality outside  of  the  field  of  politics  can  overcome  the  natural 
tendency  of  Republicans  to  support  the  man  who  has  been  an 
active  and  faithful  servant  botn  of  their  party  and  the  ooimtry. 

President  Wilson  not  only  let  it  be  known  what  his  symp.-v 
thies  were  in  Michigan  but  also  in  South  Carolina,  where  he 
publicly  opposed  the  nomination  of  Coleman  L.  Blease  for 
United  States  Senator.  In  that  State  a  primary  nomination  is 
equivalent  to  an  election.  Mr.  Blease,  an  ex-Governor  of  the 
State,  was  defeated  by  an  unusually  large  majority  by  his  oppo- 
nent, Mr.  Dial.  Mr.  Blease,  who  has  been  criticised  in  the  past, 
not  only  at  home  but  throughout  the  country,  for  his  grotesque 
speeches  and  actions  as  a  public  ofBcial,  and  whose  attitude  on 
tne  war  is  offensive  both  to  the  Administration  and  to  patriots 
throughout  the  country,  has  now  been  almost  contemptuously 
rejected  by  his  own  constituents.  His  defeat  is  a  healthiul  thing 
both  for  the  State  and  for  the  country. 

In  Montana  Miss  Jeannette  Rankin  has  been  decisively 
rejected  in  the  Republican  primaries  as  a  candidate  for  the 
United  States  Senate.  In  the  Democratic  primaries  Senator 
Thomas  James  Walsh  is  unopposed  for  re-election.  Miss 
Rankin,  the  first  woman  to  be  elected  to  the  House  of  Repre- 
sentatives, has  not  made  a  favorable  impression  upon  the  coun- 
try, and  apparently  her  constituents  share  the  country's  opinion. 
She  voted  both  against  the  declaration  of  war  upon  Germany 
and  against  the  Conscription  Act  on  the  g^oimd  of  extreme 
theoretical  and  sentimental  pacifism.  In  this  respect  she  is  like 
Mr.  Ford.  She  is  probably  permanently  retired  from  pditics, 
and  deservedly  so. 

In  California  there  was  a  curious  contest  in  the  primaries  for 
the  Governorship.  The  Republicans  nominated  the  present 
incumbent.  Governor  William  D.  Stephens,  who  was  Lieutenant- 
Governor  under  Hiram  Johnson  and  became  Governor  when 
Mr.  Johnson  resigned  that  office  to  accept  a  United  States 
Senatorship.  Governor  Stephens's  closest  opponent  was  James 
Rolph,  Jr.,  who  has  been  Mayor  of  San  Francisco  for  two 
terms.  Mr.  Rolph  was  a  candidate  for  nomination  in  the  prima- 
ries of  both  the  Republican  and  Democratic  parties.  In  the 
Democratic  primary  his  opponent  was  Francis  J.  Heney,  who 
was  very  prominent  in  the  reform  movement  in  San  Francisco 
a  few  years  ago,  and  proceeded  against  the  political  criminals 
and  comiptionists  of  that  city  even  at  the  risk  of  his  life.  Al- 
though Mr.  Rolph  jpreesed  Mr.  Heney  very  closely,  and  at  this 
writing  appears  to  have  received  the  most  votes  m  the  Demo- 
cratic primary,  he  cannot  have  the  Democratic  nomination, 
because,  having  lost  the  nomination  of  his  own  party,  he  is  pro- 
hibited by  the  primary  law  of  California  from  becoming  the 
Democratic  candidate. 


AMERICA'S  WAR  AMBASSADOR  TO 
GREAT   BRITAIN 

When  a  man  whose  excellent  reputation  among  his  fellow- 
citizens  has  been  achieved  as  writer,  editor,  and  publisher 
becomes  Ambassador  to  a  friendly  Power  in  time  of  profound 
peace,  his  country  naturally  expects  from  him  onlv  a  placid 
diplomatic  career ;  that  he  will  be  urbane  and  tactful ;  that  he 
will  avoid  blunders  ;  and  that  he  will  quietiv  and  with  dignity 
maintain  and  strengthen  the  amicable  relations  of  the  two 
countries  and  efficientiy  manage  the  business  committed  to  his 
care — this  is  all  that  is  requisite. 

But  hardly  had  Walter  H.  Page,  with  such  a  record  and  an 
experience,  been  Ambassador  to  the  Court  of  St.  James's  a  year, 
when  the  worM  sci'incd   to  fall  to  pii"s''«  alHMit  his  ears.    The 


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stress  and  anxiety  of  the  first  months  of  the  world  war  must 
have  taxed  his  nerve  and  power  to  the  utmost.  Now  he  retires 
after  five  years  and  more  of  service  of  the  utmost  value  to  his 
country.  The  Enelish  papers  not  only  express  sympathy  and 
oonoem  over  the  iU  health  that  has  forced  Mr.  Page's  retiral 
and  admiration  for  his  personality,  but  recognize  how  much  he 
has  done  to  draw  the  two  peoples  together.  Particularly  they 
point  out  his  tact  when  the  United  States  was  neutral  and 
questions  relative  to  the  British  blockade  were  arising,  and  his 
eloquence  after  the  United  States  entered  the  war,  and  refer 
with  enthusiasm  to  his  address  at  Plymouth  upon  the  fourth 
anniversary  of  the  outbreak  of  the  struggle.  "  Mr.  Page  was  a 
worthy  successor  of  Lowell,  Bayard,  and  Choate,"  says  the 
London  "  Express."  "  His  term  of  office  was  a  hard  one,  and  he 
served  his  country  and  ours  admirably  well."  A  portrait  of  Mr. 
Page  appears  elsewhere  in  this  issue. 

America  will  be  fortunate  if  the  difficult  task  of  finding  a  suc- 
cessor to  Ambassador  Page  results  in  filling  the  post  with  a 
man  who  understands  Englishmen  as  well  as  he  did.  Personal 
and  political  considerations  should  not  for  a  moment  weigh  in 
the  selection  of  an  Ambassador  who  wiU  be  a  force  in  uni^ring 
the  war  effort  and  the  hearty  fellowship  of  the  two  great  Anglo- 
Saxon  peoples. 

THE  OLD-TIME  NEW  ENGLAND  SHIPYARDS 

After  a  long  period  of  inactivity,  some  of  the  world's  largest 
cargo  ships  are  now  being  built  at  the  New  England  shipyards. 
This  is  particularly  noticeable  in  Maine,  a  State  once  renowned 
for  the  great  number  and  fine  quality  of  its  ships.  In  the  old 
days  the  Maine  clippers,  brigs,  brigantines,  and  barkentines 
were  known  in  many  waters,  particumrly  in  those  of  the  West 
Indies  and  South  America.  But  when  the  war  came  in  1914 
only  a  few  wooden  ships  were  being  constructed  in  Maine. 

About  a  year  ago  the  Federal  Shipping  Board  began  its 
activities.  Smce  then  the  Maine  shipyards  have  been  engaged 
in  building  116  vesseLs.  A  number  of  them  have  already  been 
launched.  There  are  wooden  freight  steamers,  steel  freighters, 
tugboats,  lighters,  trawlers.  Some  15,000  men  are  worran^  at 
{vSL  speed  in  the  3rard8.  There  are  thirty-nine  shipyards  of  size. 
Old  ship-building  plants  that  were  long  dead  and  mourned  as 
supposedly  beyond  resurrection  have  sprung  to  life  again  "  and 
with  an  energy  they  never  knew  in  tneir  palmiest  days,"  the 
Shipping  Boud  people  say. 

In  one  Maine  yard  they  have  a  clever  motto :  "  Not  Do  Your 
Bit-Do  Your  AIL" 

Turning  to  Massachusetts,  another  ship-building  State,  we 
find  that  in  1856  it  launched  156  vessels,  many  of  them  small 
fishing  craft,  with  a  total  of  nearly  93,000  tons  ;  that  marked 
the  prime  stage  of  America's  merchant  marine  industry.  But 
what  does  the  present  show  ?  proudly  asks  the  Shipping  Board. 
In  the  chief  Massachusetts  yard,  that  of  the  Fore  River 
Shipping  Corporation  at  Quincy,  15,000  men — as  many  as 
in  all  Maine — are  working  day  and  night  on  ships,  some 
12,000  men  on  vessels  for  Die  Navy  and  some  3,000  men  on 
merchant  ships. 

At  Fall  River,  Somerset,  SomerviUe,  and  Chelsea  the  yards 
are  busy  turning  out  three-masted  and  four-masted  wooden 
sailing  schooners  and  auxiliary  schooners.  The  old-time  yards 
at  Gu)ucester  and  Essex  are  occupied  chiefiy  with  buUding 
fishing  craft. 

The  Shipping  Board's  statement  as  to  these  things  contains 
this  account  of  the  origin  of  the  name  schooner :  "  It  was  about 
the  year  1713  and  at  Gloucester  the  first  vessel  of  the  schooner 
type  was  launched.  A  tradition  persists  that,  enthusiastic  at  the 
speed  made  on  her  trial  trip,  a  boy  exclaimed, '  See  how  she 
schoons !'  '  A  schooner  let  her  be  1'  agreed  the  builder,  hearing 
the  remark.  The  word  schoon  in  ancient  New  England  meant 
making  a  flat  stone  skip  along  the  water." 


A  BACHELOR'S  GARDEN 

We  have  just  heard  of  a  Government  employee  at  Wash- 
ington who  attends  night  school,  but  who  has  found  time  be- 
tween office  hours  and  the  starting  of  his  evening  studies  to 
care  for  a  war  vegetable  garden.   He  has  a  list  of  no  less  than 


thirty-five  varieties  of  produce  in  that  garden,  and,  what  is 
more,  he  gives  away  all  the  food  he  raises. 

That  this  kind  of  work  is  attempted  by  this  kind  of  man  is 
an  additional  evidence  that  the  number  of  war  gardeners  has 
increased.  They  now  number  some  5,285,000,  according  to 
the  estimates  of  the  National  War  Gtuden  Commission.  It 
divides  the  war  gardens  by  sections,  as  follows : 

South,  1,264,000;  New  England,  262,000;  New  York, 
Pennsylvania,  New  Jersey,  and  Delaware,  762,000;  Central 
West,  2,430,000 ;  and  the  Pacific  Coast  and  Mountain  States, 
577,000.  The  greatest  perctotage  of  increase  was  noted  through 
the  Central  ^  est,  this  being  accounted  for  by  the  fact  t^ 
some  of  the  other  sections  of  the  country  had  a  larger  number 
of  war  gardens  in  proportion  to  the  population  last  year  than 
did  the  Central  Western  States. 

It  became  evident  early  in  the  season  that  there  waa  to  be  a 
correspondingly  great  effort  to  save  as  much  as  possible  of  the 
war-garden  surplus.  Says  President  Wilson :  "  Every  pound 
of  vegetables  properly  put  up  for  future  use  and  every  jar  of 
fruit  preserved  add  that  much  to  the  insurance  ot  victory."  It 
is  thus  a  satisfaction  to  note  the  National  War  Ghirden  Com- 
mission's estimate  of  a  total  of  not  less  than  1,450,000,000 
quart  jars  of  canned  vegetables  and  fruit  stored  away  this 
summer  for  future  use. 

In  many  cases,  tons  of  v^^tables  have  thus  been  saved  which 
could  not  have  been  taken  care  of  by  individual  effort.  In  the 
first  place,  demonstration  kitchens  proved  of  value.  La  the 
second  place,  community  canning  has  been  inaugurated  on  a 
large  s(»Ie.  For  instance,  in  DaUas,  Texas,  some  17,600  oans  oi 
vegetables  were  put  up  in  the  first  few  weeks  after  the  commu- 
nity cannery  was  started  there. 

A  picturesque  canning  undertaking  is  that  of  Hickory,  North 
Carolina.  The  employees  in  the  machine  shop  of  the  Carolina 
and  Northwestern  Railway  Company  there  turned  the  cylinder 
of  an  old  engine  into  a  canniog  plant,  connecting  it  with  the 
shop  steam-boiler.  They  put  in  three  shdves  of  heavy  wire  screen 
to  hold  the  jars  of  v^etables,  and  did  their  garden  preserving 
after  regular  hours. 

"  Fo(kI  will  win  the  war."  We  are  beginning  to  realize  this 
more  than  ever,  now  that  we  see  such  examples  of  the  spirit 
which  inspires  America. 


THE  BOWLING  GREEN  ASSOCIATION 

Those  who  visit  New  York  City  seem  to  have  an  idea  that 
social  missionary  work  is  necessary  only  on  the  lower  East  Side. 
There  is  a  lower  West  Side  which  also  needs  attention.  True, 
it  is  not  so  large  in  area  as  the  East  Side ;  it  lies  in  the  angle 
formed  by  Vesey  Street,  Broadway,  Bowling  Green,  and  3ie 
Hudson  Uiver.  It  is  thus  one  of  the  old  sections  of  the  metropo- 
lis, and  was  once  inhabited  by  the  "  first  families." 

It  now  houses  many  thousand  immigrants — Syrians,  Turks, 
Greeks,  Russians,  Hungarians,  Italians,  Irish,  Germans,  and 
eighteen  other  nationalities.  The  men  are  largely  longshoremen 
working  among  the  docks  and  warehouses ;  or  they  are  cleaners 
for  the  great  downtown  office  buildings ;  or  they  do  porter  work 
of  various  kinds.  The  women  and  children  are  in  evidence  to 
many  a  hurrying  commuter  as  he  goes  from  the  subway  stations 
through  the  connecting  streets  to  uie  Hudson  River  ferries.  In 
the  narrowest  streets  may  be  seen  old  houses,  the  open  doors  of 
which  show  hallways  patched  and  shored,  layers  of  wall-paper 
generations  old,  and  courtyards  littered  and  filled  with  yurd- 
toilets.  The  street  and  the  courtyards  are  the  only  places  of  out- 
door recreation  for  either  grown-ups  or  children.  Indoor  recrea- 
tion may  be  guessed  at  from  the  many  saloons  and  pool-rooma 
of  a  low  order. 

The  grown-ups  do  not  interestthe  hurrying  commuter  as  much 
as  do  the  children,  most  of  them  Syrian  children,  with  the 
peculiar  olive  complexion,  raven-black  hair,  and  lustrous  eyes 
characteristic  of  the  race.  They  are  puny  children.  Even  the 
hurrying  commuter  longs  to  stop  and  help  them  in  some  way. 

Hf  can  help  them.  Let  him  realize  that  the  New  York  cholera 
epidemic,  seventy  years  -ago,  reached  its  height  in  tJbia  very 
neighborhood,  and  that  tuberculosis  now  thrives  in  it.  When  he 
reads  this  and  thinks  of  the  pale-cheeked,  listless,  thin-bodied 
little  waifs  he  has  seen  in  that  congested  neighborhood,  may  he 


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CARTOONS      OF     THE     WEEK 


Barclay  in  tke  Baltimore  Sun 


Dnt  WACBT  AM  RHION 
"  HartUnir,  thpeak !  Are  der  Bohweinhnnds  closer  ooming  ?" 

A  NEW  TUNE  TO  AN  OLD  SONG. 


Bthte  in  the  New  York  World 


.  'j^  fr.'; :.-      - 


VjSj'*'^"* 


TOWED  or 

A  OBMOCRATIC  NEWSPAPER'S  VIEW  OF  A  DEUOCKATIO 
CANDIDATE 


fi«0iM  in  iKt  Cartoons  Jiaganm 


DOIHO   HI8  BIT 


EYKN  THE  SCARECROW  HELPS  TO  WIN  THE  WAR 


Baitte  in  La  Baiomettt  (Pari*) 


"  It  is  your  hooM  that  has  been  bombed,  my  poor 
"  Yea,  Sot  I'm  not  worrying — the  landlord  haa  to 

CHEERFUL  PARIS 


I" 
aUtherepunl" 


A  PAGE  OF  HUMOROUS  CARTOONS 


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THK  OUTLOOK 


11  Septembn 


lint  ff.ni  ^ml.  ^mn  Hiiu^it  \HimmtitfffmtMfnUmnm  tor  tittnu  rmWy 

hlM):),  Hu»  YiitU  t  'nv,  iitfi-.m  Itiiii  Ml  o(i|M«iluiiil.y  to  hM.  lie 
*\U  M'Mfi  itnw  Mm)  lh»  <itM'i'«<iil  iiiftiiit-  iImhIIi  mM*  in  Uutt  diiitriftt 
{N  I  //)  |»:|'  Mit'MMMXfl,  unuuHUmi  iUtt  (lily  mU*  i>f  HI)  |ttir  IIiihihmihI  i 
Mill  (ii:*l'  yiMtc  WM  liMjiM  ((1)  will  rowl  ilitftiiuMt  lii^iiruM,  aim!  ftwl 

MimI   IIMlllM|m  llM,  ll^  jltitliMK    ''*"  AMtMiiHUttlli  llHN    Iwt^ii  ill    wiiiia 

MliMili  iImhihm  itm|))tiiiiililM  hir  Urn  <ilmitK«> 

Wlt^lt  ttii  iMf)ii>niiMiiillMtiiMU)  i'Ht«t  iiMM'ti (.Jmii  thcHti  UmoH  thatuf 
MmtlmllMii  Uliiiiil  ill  Ktiiitinil,  i«Mt(  h  iliiinlititiil  tliMt<iiM«  mtn  f<»iir 

I'ilMI'l*  HM  Ul*")li  ill*'**'  i**    il)*!*'*'*!    Il«*««l  f*'l'  <lu<  tliMU'tot-  lll^Hltll  <Ml||< 

l)ii  ititi|i  iMiiUu'iiily  uliiiiti  Mrliinl)  (lit*  AuMtMiiulitui  IiimmiIhIiIUIiwI.  It 
ittlH  iMmitmil  lliii  liifHiil'  MMU'liilil^v  fi'oiii  il^l  to  l7A|Hir  tlidUHMul. 
Il  Imn  tMM«lili»liml  H  tlxitlul  «i|iiii*i,  H  iimliiiiU'ilioii  (illiilo,  muI, 
ijlinut  mII,  h  liui'ttiMi  hii'  h«t«l«  hU<  imllhUM,  wM(iU  ItHM  uinH^Uy 
tlmttiKuml  tiliilil  mttiliitlll.v  Hiiil  itiurlulily,  t\\»  AiM«HiUtUm  hwa 
tilmi  y^\\^w\  niMili  M  timMtmiu**  t^Ht  litxtntw  hHVtt  )Ht«>)k  torn  down 
mtti  I'titmiU  tM'  Imvd  Irnint  |>Hi'ltHlly  )vii«ti«M«Hl  \\\  witltth  tmt(< 
Uvulyd  i«t|im)'«  lm>«i  l)«««tu  umtltt.  'rit«<  Ai«mK<iMtUmh«atiMtHl>ll«h«Hi 
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AVI    Uk~>Kv>^V*  v4    Mvkml>«.My  V  ktAUvUx  mkI  ^MUi^Ak- (MhI  t^M^  tMitnU 
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...       V      ,,-...     ^  ■•-        W-i.-  ....»»..  .       •         ■.  •,     -^ 


ktumn  M  the  John  Ericmon- League  of  Patriotic  Service  ;  an-l 
t\ui  DftnUh  Ijmgue,  named  after  the  great  friend  cS  the  "*  ^ 
nu<r){i«l  t<mth,"  the  Jat^b  A.  Rii«  League  of  Patriotic  Service 
Th«  Danish  and  BUvic  Leagues  were  the  direct  outgrowth  of  ^ 
Third  Lilwrty  Loan  drive,  having  been  formed  on  May  9  and 
May  80  reHpe<;tively,  while  the  Swedes,  who  had  recogniwi) 
the  Nitnation  earlier,  and  who  also  wanted  to  impress  tbeir  lop 
alty  aft4kr  the  Luxburo^  disclosures,  had  oi^^anized  theirs  ii 
Manth.  Judge  Harry  Olson,  Chief  Justice  of  the  Chicago  Mn 
nioipol  ('ourt,  is  President  of  the  John  Ericsson  League,  awi 
ICdwin  Hjiirkman,  the  prominent  translator  and  writer,  serve 
in  the  oa|>R4'ity  of  general  secretary  and  organizer.  Dr.  ^hu 
lltmluH,  the  well-known  chemist,  is  President  of  the  Dsmid 
Ijttagut« ;  and  John  F.  Stepina,  the  President  of  the  Jlrst  Amw 
itian  State  Dank,  is  head  of  the  Slavic  League.  On  the  centra 
oouiicilM  are  the  leading  men  of  the  three  races  from  over  tl* 
whkJe  country. 

Tlikk  priuciual  object  of  the  leagues  is,  of  course,  the  Amei 
{(Wkiiatiou  of  all  the  people  of  their  race  in  this  oonntry  am 
the  mvuring  of  their  loyal  co-operation  in  every  activity  coo 
uwtekl  with  the  wiiming  of  the  war.  Hence  their  form  o 
ikrgauiaation  has  been  planned  for  the  quickest  and  moet  eS 
oiwkt  ways  of  accomplishing  this  object.  The  Swedes  have  i 
systeut  (kf  subonlinate  coimcils  in  every  important  Swedisl 
iHkuter  throkkghokkt  the  country  ;  the  Danes  have  a  central  can 
catalkk(»«ke  system,  b«iUt  up  by  the  efforts  of  the  bead  Council  a 
1.W  Hkkikdrek)  ainl  the  co-operation  of  every  Danish  fratema 
auil  ohuWh  ikrj^kisatioa  in  the  country ;  and  the  Slavs  ai 
ukakiuy  giHKl  itete  k>f  the  subeidiaiy  national  groaps  that  joine 
tkt^'thtsr  to  buikl  the  big  allied  league.  naHely,  the  Bobemiai 
(.VkHtian.  l\kl»h.  Slovak.  Lithianian.  SerWan.  and  Ukrainiai 
Thkv*.  »:» !fOk>Q  as  the  Goreniment  wants  fnhlirity  eoncemiq 
tb«  liberty  Loan,  the  Red  Cross^  or  anC  fAer  war  meason 
the  W«k^kketk  hi»v«>  tW  ■Ak.-hinenr  rHair.  ^§.  only  far  spreadin; 
tb<^  itiKyr«Mt»tk>u^  but  also  for  stqwiemwiting  it  with  aaeh  extr 
tUK^bv^V*  afe»  a^«^  tMivt^sarT  whiHW  tJa»  lespoiHe  Big:fat  otfaerwis 
b«f  Kkkf  wjMtk*. 

A«  aKklittottiil  piurtxMMs.  the  Ungues  are  aQ  wuakii^  fo 
«fi<t»bli'.hui^  betUHT  rei^oDi^  xaA  andentanJin^  between  thei 
iMotbaHr  vvuutrttM  ami  this  ooontrr.  and.  kM.  ther  arc  taking  a 
active  Mkrt  m  :h«^  w«nai  wvi&uv  ot  their  ■»■  l^>»^t^  in  the  Tari>>(i 
vkkui^  L'!)x^  Slavic  L«nckw  ha!>  aiM>  the  hope  of  1 
bv-i(.>  utukCtrrially  in  the  jcntt^I«  ot  tijeir  Enropenn 

A'.tiK>ui:<i[  tjhf  Usvju**  ar»  t"r!n>?«i  kxIt  5>r  the  liBzatMi  <rf  ti 
>»*r.  utKi«.>uoc«L!y  ;;i»fy  wli  ••.•:.•  :t  w'>*  a»  oimtinne  their  tS<-r\ 
UM.;I  tiK*  A'uvnoia;ja£:»-a  .'i  x.1  tiifir  iDenii'>t^r9  is  fuHy  actruB 
uUfoK^L    Pk-v  viiau\.>c  wfil  be  jcaer  xhsm.  »  Djr*  Cur  ga«L 


->  CJ 


rtis  s.  V.  c 

T*K»  SJiiiUsc'iiu  V  •IuncwrO.>r*'*ai. ;»  ruin 
Ht.h-iA  »'4;»  "luuiv  •ni-r-irwH^i,!,.  -> -inii>->.  Tb«»  twrsK  niun  »■" 
»..>vui.  ,if»m  ju:i,tr»-«i  iitu.  ..*v-i'i>i'>f  ft  X  .<.<mu.  <■•*  '■o«tn«c~  i 
^^ltf^ul•!».  L'u  >i.  \  k. ..  .!*.**"«-••  jue  n  kj'iina  .jafl*  Til*?  -  ch 
\«5-  >«»«  tl  v>*«  «u~  ».H.ac"k.-n  •  -ttj>kV}>i  mol  :>!«eativ  m.-i--.--^ 
'o«.i-«u.ni5-  t.n.1    V.  i>4r';t.t*v  IB-  -«>  1    «s   '3r"n.>o"N.  AawRvansk.  •»  i  i 

^•.w.'i  <c    •  \.-.!V!<!  u^'k  !• -iJi;    n    T  jf^r  StMncini.  wm>  "ii^ 


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THE    OUTLOOK 


45 


f  militia,  which,  however,  is  under  obligation  to  co-operate 
rith  the  S.  V.  C.  whenever  the  common  interests  of  foreigners 
re  threatened. 

The  members  of  the  S.  V.  C.  drill  one  day  a  week  nine  months 
a  the  year,  and  formerly  had  a  training  camp  every  now  and 
hen.  6ut  recently  there  has  been  enough  to  do  without  training 
amps.  Many  members  of  the  corps  have  gone  to  the  front,  and 
hose  who  have  remained  in  Shanghai  have  kept  themselves  in 
onstant  readiness  to  jump  into  their  fighting  togs,  like  well- 
rained  policemen,  for  urermaa  intrigue  in  China  has  demanded 
oustant  vigilance. 

After  the  war  began  the  German  and  Austrian  companies  of 
ourse  drilled  apart  from  the  rest  of  the  corps,  but  on  one  occa- 
ion  all  nationalities  took  part  in  a  sham  battle  t<^ether  as  if  the 
lid  feeling  of  friendliness  still  existed.  Asa  matter  of  fact,  com- 
>aratively  little  bitterness  was  to  be  seen  between  the  Germans 
md  Britons  who  had  formerly  drilled  together  until  the  Lusi- 
ania  was  sunk.  Then  there  was  a  decided  change.  But  the 
Deutonic  companies,  of  course,  could  not  be  disbanded  imtil 
[Siina  entered  the  war.  When  China  did  that,  the  Teutons  were 
promptly  deprived  of  their  arms,  and  now  the  S.  V.  C.  is  entirely 
in  organization  in  the  interest  of  the  Allies. 

A    JUST    PEACE 

UNITED  STATES  Senator  Lewis,  of  Illinois,  is  reported 
to  have  said  at  a  recent  gathering  at  the  American 
Luncheon  Club  in  London  that  t£e  Allies  ought  not 
lefine  in  detail  the  conditions  of  peace  because  it  would  deprive 
he  peace  commissioners  of  the  trading  basis  necessary  in  the 
londuct  of  peace  negotiations. 

If  this  report  is  true.  Senator  Lewis  neither  understands  the 
Inty  of  the  Allies  nor  the  spirit  of  the  American  people.  There 
ihould  be  no  trading  with  the  brigands  who  have  plundered 
Belgium  and  France,  Poland  and  Serbia.  We  should  not  ask 
bem  on  what  terms  they  will  make  peace.  We  should  tell  them 
m  what  terms  they  can  secure  peace. 

At  one  time  in  the  history  of  Israel  the  people  suffered  op- 
)res8ion  at  the  hands  of  their  neighbors,  the  Syrians.  The  civili- 
ation  of  the  Syrians  was  not  much  better  than  the  civilization 
if  the  Germans.  It  is  recorded  of  the  King  of  Syria  that  he 
lestroyed  the  people  of  Israel,  "  and  made  them  like  the  dust 
d  .threshing."  Elisha,  the  prophet  of  Israel,  was  sick,  "  of  his 
ickness  whereof  he  died."  And  the  Kin^  of  Israel  went  to  con- 
olt  him.  The  rest  of  the  story  we  will  give  as  it  is  narrated  in 
he  Book  of  Kings : 

And  E^ha  said  unto  him,  Take  bow  and  arrows  :  and  he  took 
unto  him  bow  and  arrows.  And  he  said  to  the  king  of  Israel, 
Put  thine  hand  upon  the  bow  :  and  he  put  his  hand  upon  it.  And 
£Ii8ha  laid  his  hands  upon  ttie  king's  hands.  And  he  said,  Open 
the  window  eastward :  and  he  opened  it.  Then  Elisha  said, 
Shoot :  and  he  shot.  And  he  said,  Tlie  Lord's  arrow  of  victory, 
even  the  arrow  of  victory  over  Syria,  for  thou  shalt  smite  the 
Syrians  in  Aphek,  till  thou  have  consumed  them.  And  he  said, 
Take  the  arrows  :  and  he  took  them.  And  he  said  unto  the  kin? 
of  Israel,  Smite  upon  the  ground :  and  he  smote  thrice,  and 
stayed.  And  the  man  of  God  was  wroth  with  him,  and  said, 
Thou  shonldst  have  smitten  five  or  six  times ;  then  hadst  thou 
smitten  Syria  till  thou  hadst  consumed  it :  whereas  now  thou 
shalt  smite  Syria  but  thrice. 

We  recommend  this  narrative  to  our  ministerial  readers, 
t  furnishes  an  appropriate  text  for  the  times. 

A  work  abanaoned  half  done  is  not  begun.  What  did  we 
tart  to  do?  For  what  have  we  sent  our  young  men  to  die  on 
he  bloody  fields  of  F^ce?  For  what  have  we  laid  upon  our- 
elves  a  burden  of  taxation  wholly  unprecedented  in  the  history 
f  the  Nation  ?  For  w6at  have  we  substituted  war  bread  for 
rbeat  bread,  stinted  ourselves  in  the  use  of  sugar,  economized 
1  coal  to  the  point  of  serious  discomfort  if  not  at  times  and  in 
laoea  to  the  point  of  peril,  disorganized  our  industries,  sur- 
endered  for  the  time  our  individual  liberties,  turned  over  to 
he  Government  our  telegfraphs  and  our  railways  ?  President 
l^ilflon  in  his  Labor  Day  message  gives  to  those  questions  the 
orrect  answer : 

Let  us  make  this,  therefore,  a  day  of  fresh  comprehension,  not 
only  of  what  we  are  about  and  of  renewed  and  clear-eyed  resola- 


tion,  but  a  day  of  consecration  also  in  which  we  devote  ourselves 
without  pause  or  limit  to  tlie  great  task  of  setting  our  own  coun- 
try and  tlie  whole  world  free  to  render  justice  to  all  and  of  making 
it  impossible  for  small  groups  of  political  rulers  anywhere  to  dis- 
turb our  peace  or  the  peace  of  the  world,  or  in  any  way  to  make 
tools  and  puppets  of  tnose  upon  whose  consent  and  upon  whose  ^ 
power  their  own  authority  and  their  own  very  existence  depend. 

This  is  what  we  have  undertaken  to  do.  Woe  be  to  us  if  we 
stay  our  hands  imtil  it  ia  accomplished.  To  accomplish  this,  to 
make  the  world  free  to  render  justice  to  all,  to  make  it  impos- 
sible for  small  groups  of  nders  anjrwhere  to  disturb  our  peace 
or  the  peace  of  the  world,  or,  for  that  matter,  for  any  people 
maddened  by  ambition  and  self-conceit  to  disturb  that  peace, 
it  is  not  enough  that  we  dethrone  the  Hohenzolletns,  not  enough 
that  we  destroy  the  military  oligarchy  that  now  rules  Germany ; 
we  must  deprive  the  German  nation  of  the  power  ever  to 
attempt  again  the  scheme  of  world  dominion.  Eric  Fisher 
Wooci  quotes  Raemaekers  as  saying :  "  I  do  not  believe  that 
there  is  any  German  who  is  not  a  pan-German.  All  of  them 
suffer  from  this  national  and  nation-wide  megalomania."  We 
have  been  loth  to  believe  this.  We  were  inclined  to  agree 
with  President  Wilson's  discrimination  between  the  rulers  of 
Germany  and  the  German  people.  But  we  do  not  believe  in 
that  discrimination  any  longer.  We  do  not  think  that  the 
President  any  longer  believes  in  it.  The  entire  German  people 
are  obsessed  with  the  insane  delusion  that  the  German  nation 
b  divinely  ordained  to  rule  the  world.  The  evidence  is  too 
strong  to  be  gauisaid.  It  is  not  safe  to  allow  in  such  a  crisis  the 
wish  to  be  father  to  the  thought.  There  will  be  no  world  peace 
until  the  Anglo-Saxon  and  the  Latin  and  the  Slav  and  the 
Chinese  and  the  Japanese  and  the  African  and  the  Teuton 
believe  in  a  democracy  of  nations  as  well  as  in  a  democracy  of 
individuals,  believe  that  each  race  has  its  place  in  the  family 
of  mankind,  believe  in  mutual  respect  and  mutufd  good  will, 
believe  in  international  law  and  international  fellowship,  believe 
in  an  international  policy  of  "  Live  and  let  live." 

Only  a  just  peace  can  be  a  permanent  peace. 

If,  as  the  result  of  this  war,  Germany  is  compelled  to  pay  the 
financial  damage  she  has  done  to  Eielgium  and  France  and 
Poland  and  Serbia,  and  to  the  commercial  nations  whose  ships 
engaged  in  peaceful  commerce  she  has  sunk  upon  the  seas,  it 
may  be  hoped  that  she  will  no  longer  believe  that  "  Might  is 
the  supreme  right."  It  is  due  to  her  as  well  as  to  the  nations 
she  has  plundered  that  she  be  oompeUed  to  do  justice  that  they 
may  receive  justice.  For  it  is  omy  as  she  is  compelled  to  do 
justice  that  she  will  believe  in  justice.  And  it  is  due  to  the 
God  of  justice  to  whom  her  Emperor  has  so  often  and  so 
theatrically  appealed  that  true  justice  be  represented  by  us  in 
the  final  settlement  of  this  war. 

A  judge  who  should  sentence  a  criminal  on  a  "  trading  basis  " 
would  be  unfit  to  sentence  anybody.  If  we  should  barter  with 
Germany  over  the  terms  of  peace  we  should  be  unfit  to  call 
ourselves  the  standard-bearers  of  democracy,  and  should  be  sell- 
ing our  birthright  for  a  mess  of  pottage. 


THE    DEMOCRACY    OF   A    PRIVATE 
SCHOOL 

Tou  have  been  looking  for  a  school  for  your  boy.  Perhaps 
you  have  not  been  satisfied  with  the  public  school  of  your 
neighborhood.  Perhaps  you  want  your  boy  under  masculine 
influence  for  a  while — something  he  may  not  be  able  to  get  at 
home.  Perh%ps  you  are  convinced  that  he  needs  to  be  thrown 
on  his  own  reliance  as  he  cannot  be  if  he  stays  at  home  and 
goes  to  day  school.  And  yet  you  hesitate  to  send  him  to  a  pri- 
vate boarding-school.  You  have  heard  that  boarding-schoola 
are  undemocratic,  and  that  in  a  free  country  like  this  the  only 
democratic  schools  are  those  of  the  public  school  system.  You 
don't  want  your  boy  to  grow  up  to  be  a  snob,  a  man  apart  from 
his  fellows.  You  want  him  to  be  a  prince  of  the  royal  house, 
and  in  a  democracy  the  royal  house  is  the  common  people.  Yon 
do  not  want  him  shut  out  from  the  privileges  of  his  kmd.  And 
yet  you  need  not  for  that  reason  hesitate  to  send  him  to  a 
private  schooL    Among  the  private 


)?ff^B/<ilH!i??JgR?" 


46 


THE   OUTLOOK 


II  Septenh 


to  be  found  some  of  the  most  democratic  of  its  institutions. 
One  way  of  showing  this  is  to  tell  of  the  record  of  one  school 
that  we  know. 

In  the  first  place,  though  it  is  within  a  two-honr  jontne;^  from 
one  of  the  great  cities  of  the  Nation,  the  school  is  set  in  the 
open  country.  Its  acres  cover  the  crest  of  a  mountain  spur.  On 
one  side  spreads  a  broad  rolling  valley,  with  its  &rms,  villages 
and  towns,  and  its  wide  river.  On  tl^  other  side  is  the  moun- 
tain range  with  its  woods,  its  wild  life,  its  ponds  and  springs 
and  bro<^.  The  fact  that  there  is  a  private  boarding-school  m 
such  a  situation  makes  for  democracy.  The  littie  public  school 
in  the  neighborhood  is  for  the  ^oung  children  of  the  neighbor- 
hood ;  but  this  private  school  is  for  boys  from  all  parts  of  the 
Nation.  In  tKe  public  school  the  child  of  the  mountain  meets 
and  knows  only  the  child  of  the  mountain ;  but  in  the  private 
school  the  boy  from  Ohio  and  the  boy  from  New  Jersey,  the 
boy  from  Illinois  and  the  boy  from  Massachusetts,  become 
friends.  Sectionalism  is  a  foe  to  democracy.  The  man  whose 
acquaintance  is  parochial  may  prove  as  dangerous  to  a  democracy 
as  the  man  who  has  always  kept  his  life  witiiin  the  narrow  circle 
of  a  littie  social  grou^.  In  a  private  school  West  and  East  and 
South  and  Norm  mmgle  as  they  seldom  if  ever  are  found 
mingling  in  a  public  school.  Situated  as  it  is,  this  private  board- 
ing-school gives  to  these  boy^'  a  large  proportion  of  whom  are 
from  city  homes,  the  refreshing  life  of  the  mountains,  woods, 
and  fields.  It  is  an  error  to  suppose  that  democracy  means 
giving  city  privil^^es  to  people  of  the  country ;  it  means  quite 
as  trmy  givmg  country  privileges  to  people  of  the  city.  Our 
public  sonool  system  provides,  and  at  present  at  least  can  pro- 
vide, no  such  school  as  this  for  city  boys.  To  confine  schools  to 
those  of  the  public  school  system  would  be  to  deprive  all  the  city 
children  of  this  free  land  of  the  things  that  only  such  a  private 
boarding-school  in  the  country  can  provide.  Democra^  is  not 
a  denial  of  privileges ;  it  is  the  extension  of  privileges.  The  way 
to  develop  democracy  in  education  is  to  make  such  a  school 
available  for  boys  from  families  of  limited  means.  There  are 
boys  from  families  of  limited  means  in  this  schooL  Undoubtedly 
provision  for  enlarging  their  number  would  be  welcomed. 
Meantime,  if  you  can  afford  to  send  your  boy  to  such  a  school, 
and  do  not  do  so,  you  will  be  doing  no  other  boy  a  benefit  and 
may  be  denying  your  own  boy  his  right.  To  send  him  there  is 
not  to  shut  him  out  of  democratic  rights ;  on  the  contrary,  it  is 
doing  your  share  in  making  democracy  rich.  And  every  one 
who  enables  a  boy  to  go  to  such  a  school  who  could  not  otherwise 
go  there  is  also  doing  his  share  in  enriching  democracy. 

Such  an  environment  as  that  of  this  school  is,  moreover,  an 
influence  for  the  simplicity  of  democracy.  It  is  a  place  where 
old  clothes  at  times  are  needed  and  are  the  only  fitting  garb. 
It  is  a  place  where  the  smaller  boys  build  huts  in  the  woods  and 
can  spend  afternoons  like  explorers.    And  with  the  taste  of  the 

{irimitive  life  the  boys  have,  besides  the  benefit  of  organized  ath- 
etios  and  swimming,  a  modem,  filtered  indoor  swimming  pool. 
Democracy,  as  interpreted  and  applied  in  a  school  like  this, 
enables  boys  to  appreciate  and  use  powers  developed  through 
the  wide  range  of  men's  experiences  from  those  supplied  by 
modem  skill  to  those  evoked  by  a  wholesome  response  to  the 
primal  instincts.  In  this  respect,  as  in  others,  democracy  in  a 
school  of  this  sort  is  not  restrictive  but  expanding,  not  impover- 
ishi^  but  enriching. 

What  the  spirit  of  this  school  is  may  be  discerned  in  the 
honors  which  the  boys  most  highly  prize.  Besides  the  usual 
athletic  and  scholastic  prizes  awiutiei  at  the  close  of  the  school 
year  there  are,  standing  above  them  all  in  distinction,  three 
cups.  One  of  these  is  awarded  by  vote  of  ihe  older  boys  and 
the  masters  to  that  boy  who  has  r^neeented  besti*  high  ideals, 
manly  sport,  tenacity  of  purpose,  earnest  endeavor,  dean  living, 
fair  play,  and  true  chivalry."  Another  cup  is  awarded  to  the 
boy  who,  without  reference  to  any  special  performance, "  makes 
the  best  resjwnse  to  his  environment."  The  third  of  these  cups 
is  given  to  the  boy  "  who  has  been  most  helpful  to  his  feDow- 
schoolmates  in  the  solution  of  their  own  personal  problems." 
These  thr«e  cups,  natural  products  of  the  spirit  of  the  school, 
are  not  unworthy  symbols  of  that  democratic  spirit  that  judges 
men  not  by  the  external  power  or  authority  or  possessions  that 
they  acquire,  but  by  their  character,  their  development,  and 
their  service.   And  it  was  charat^ristio  of  this  spirit  that  one 


year  the  school  letter  that  is  awarded  to  the  athletes  who  hai 
upheld  the  honor  of  the  school  in  its  contests  on  the  playiq 
field  was  awarded  to  a  boy  whose  physical  limitations  kept  iu 
off  the  teams,  but  failed  to  prevent  him  from  going  regulariy  I 
the  practice,  getting  into  the  game  whenever  he  ooold,  aa 
imbuing  the  sdiool  team  with  his  own  dauntless  spirit. 

It  is  mevitable  that  when  a  time  of  testing  comes  to  dono 
racy,  as  it  has  oome  in  this  war,  such  a  school  as  this  shcnl 
reveal  its  character  in  its  record  at  the  front.  Its  Service  Flag 
of  course  blazoned  with  stars,  and  was  among  the  first— ^  f; 
as  we  know,  was  the  first — to  signify  those  who  had  paid  ti 
last  full  measure  of  devotion  by  stars  of  g(Jd.  The  school's  di 
tinction  in  service  may  best  be  indicated  by  specific  cases.  Tl 
former  head  master  of  the  school,  whose  name  the  school  ben 
on  his  recent  retirement  after  many  years  of  service,  offen 
himself  as  a  volimteer  for  the  Belgian  Belief  Commission  u 
served  in  Bel^um  until  the  war  came  to  America,  and  eri 
then  stayed  in  Bel^^um  and  was  in  the  last  group  of  America 
serving  the  cause  of  Belgian  relief  to  leave.  Thereupon 
offered  himself  as  a  volunteer  in  the  service  of  the  Y,  M.  C.  J 
and  now  is  serving  the  Y  in  France.  His  three  sons,  gradual 
of  the  school,  volunteered,  were  accepted,  and  have^  been  in  t 
service  of  their  country.  One  enlisted  as  a  private  in  the  Bej 
lar  Army,  one  in  the  National  Guard,  and  one  first  in  t 
Ambulance  Corps  and  later  in  the  artillery.  The  present  be 
master's  son,  who  graduated  from  the  school,  though  too  yoo 
for  the  draft,  enlisted  while  a  freshman  in  college,  and  is  n 
a  non-commissioned  officer  of  Pershing's  army  in  Fran 
These  four  young  men  are  typical  of  the  graduates  of  the  schc 
Enlistment  in  the  ranks  has  been  the  method  by  which  tb 
youn^r  men  have  displayed  the  democratic  spirit  of  service  ch 
actenstic  of  this  private  boarding-schooL 

And  tliis  spirit  is  the  spirit  of  its  rel^fion.  Not  every  pal 
school,  unfortunately,  is  free  to  be  religious ;  not  every  priti 
school  expresses  its  religious  spirit  in  the  form  of  service, 
this  BchoM,  however,  the  religious  spirit  has  been  the  spirit 
service ;  and  has  flowered  in  the  service  that  its  graduates  a 
other  former  students  are  rendering  in  the  defense  of  the  ri< 
of  people  to  be  democratic  and  free. 

Are  you  thinking  of  sending  your  boy  to  school?  Ifso,8el 
the  school,  not  because  of  the  system  it  belongs  to,  but  becai 
of  its  spirit  and  its  record.  Democracy  is  not  a  matter  of  foi 
but  of  substance. 


A   LEGACY   OF    THE    WAR    TO    OUl 
COLLEGES 

Our  higher  education  has  looked  too  much  toward  yea 
day  and  too  littie  toward  to-morrow.  Facing  backward  is; 
an  aid  to  prc^^ress,  even  though  one  walks  in  the  right  directi 

The  commonest  charge  against  our  colleges  before  this  ^ 
was  that  American  studente  had  no  acquaintance  with 
important  events  of  the  world  of  to-day  in  which  they  liv 
College  young  men  and  young  women  did  not  read  the  ne 
papers.  They  did  not  know  whether  or  not  Portug^  wa 
republic  or  whether  Venizelos  was  a  Mexican  revolutionist 
a  frontier  post  in  Rumania.  They  did  not  know  what  queeti 
were  agitating  the  minds  of  their  own  National  statesmoi  i 
what  history  was  being  made  on  their  own  soiL 

The  warmest  friends  of  our  colleges  will  hardly  deny 
justice  of  this  common  criticism,  which  was  just  about  eqvu 
true  of  undergraduate  young  women  and  unaergradua,te  yoi 
men.  But  if  ue  studies  in  our  classrotnaas  were  tradition: 
unrelated  both  in  nibject  and  in  method  of  treatment  to 
life  our  students  must  live  when  tiiey  graduate,  and  if  tb 
studies  exacted  practically  all  of  the  students'  time,  is  it 
evident  that  student  attention  would  be  withheld  from  con 
affairs? 

Until  a  recent  rejuvenation  the  liberal  college  had  actni 
been  getting  further  and  further  away  from  real  life.  W 
institutions  for* the  higher  education  of  young  men  first  ca 
into  existence,  in  the  Middle  Ages,  they  had  a  most  pract 
purpose  to  perform.  They  had  to  fit  men  for  theprofession 
life  that  in  those  days  called  for  any  learning.  Their  curric 
were  as  thoroughly  vocational  in  character  as  is  the  corricol 
Digitized  by  VJiV^^^V  IV^ 


918 


THE  OUTLOOK 


47 


o-day  in  any  school  of  agrionltnre  or  dentistry.  Only  tihose 
hinga  were  taught  which  would  be  of  direct  use  to  the  students 
n  the  life-work  they  were  to  take  up  after  graduation. 

As  the  centuries  passed,  other  professions  and  trades  b^an 
»  demand  that  their  practitioners  should  be  educated.  And 
ret,  through  a  reverence  for  tradition,  which  is  confused  with  a 
"eTerence  for  pure  learning,  we  still  puzzle  over  a  curriculum 
lesigned  originally  to  provide  a  technical  training  for  certain 
iroressions.  It  was  only  after. the  greatest  persistence  that 
idvooates  of  such  sciences  as  physics  and  biology  were  able  to 
>reak  into  this  crystallized  programme,  and  it  is  not  surprising 

0  note  how  recently  English  was  added.  In  the  days  of  the 
irst  colleges  there  was  no  such  thing  as  a  body  of  English 
iterature  from  which  to  study  English ;  it  could  not  be  a  part 
>f  those  courses  which  we  have  canonized,  and  therefore  it 
las  been  kept  out  of  college  classrooms  even  down  to  this 
l^eiieration. 

The  charge  that  current  newspapers  before  this  war  were  not 
'ound  in  the  hands  of  our  collie  students  was  not  necessarily 

1  criticism  of  the  effectiveness  of  the  classrooms  they  attended ; 
)ut  it  was  a  charge  against  the  applicability  of  those  classrooms 
»  presentrdaylife  and  the  value  of  their  accomplishment.  The 
lewspaper  is  not  a  text-book ;  but  at  least  it  is  a  symbol.  If 
rar  college  courses  of  study  were  all  so  organized  that  they 
lad  a  direct  bearing  upon  the  problems  of  to-day's  living,  then 
itndents  would  without  other  incentive  seize  upon  the  news- 
laper  as  an  essential  supplement  to  classroom  work ;  and  inci- 
ientally  the  task  of  teaching  them  to  discriminate  between 
lews  wheat  and  news  chaff  would  be  an  easier  one. 

Before  this  war  laid  its  fearfully  vitalizing  hand  npon 
nir  people  many  colleges  were  making  an  effort  to  appraise 
ihis  criticism  of  "  devitalization."  Some  were  meeting  it  gradu- 
illy,  while  others  confused  it  with  the  wearisome  discussion 
between  "  cultural "  and  "  vocational,"  between  the  relative 
ralnes  of  liberal  and  technical  training.  But  even  in  wiser  ool- 
egiate  centers  progress  inspired  from  within  was  too  slow.  The 
mtside  world,  upset  by  war,  but  with  a  brain  swept  clear  of 
wbwebs,  is  now  forcing  a  more  rapid  action. 

In  specific  terms,  what  is  the  war  doing  for  the  liberal  cot 
^e  ?  It  is  putting  to  immediate  test  that  old  boast :  "  We  are 
training  for  service."  It  is  raising  the  window-shades  that  hide 
,he  world  from  the  classroom,  and  only  the  most  obstinate 
-eactionary  will  dare  attempt  to  pull  them  down  again.  The 
9rofe88or  of  mathematics  is  discovering  that  the  theory  of  navi- 
ration,  for  instance,  will  teach  certain  mathematical  principles 
iven  better  than  he  was  able,  by  means  of  abstractions,  to  teach 
;ho8e  same  principles  before.  The  instructors  in  physics  and 
shemistry  are  listening  to  many  questions  from  the  men  who 
nake  war,  and  by  discussing  tiie  theory  of  these  questions  in 
;he  classroom  they  gain  resmts  more  effective  than  they  ever 
'ained  by  the  abstract  problems  of  former  days.  Yet  it  is  hardly 
:air  to  cite  these  men  of  science  as  examples ;  they  have  been 
far  readier  than  their  colleagues  to  point  to  the  outer  world 
;hrough  their  laboratory  windows.  The  teacher  of  a  modem 
aneuage  who  permitted  a  dassful  of  students  to  leave  his 
jurisdiction  without  ever  hearing  the  idiom  of  that  language 
'r^y  spoken  in  his  classroom  has  been  sharply  awakened. 

This  change  does  not  mean  that  liberal  training  is  giving 
place  to  technical.  The  mathematics  instructor  is  not  neces- 
larily  fitting  his  mei\  for  the  Navy ;  but  because  his  boys  can  see 
>ur  Navy  at  last  from  their  classroom  windows  a  certain  mathe- 
natical  problem  now  has  new  value ;  and  because  they  can 
ilmost  descry  the  shores  of  France  and  Italy  and  Germany  and 
^pain,  they  do  not  rest  content  with  a  mastery  of  French  or 
jrerman  represented  by  ^ges  of  Moli^re  or  Goethe  worked 
rat  with  the  help  of  a  ^ctiouary. 

Of  late  years  attacks  upon  our  system  of  elementary  educa- 
don  and  the  appearance  of  manual  training  and  vocational 
:nuning  in  the  field  have  put  new  life  into  some  of  our  primary 
^ext-books.  Arithmetic  and  spelling  are  taught  more  effeo- 
dvely  than  they  used  to  be,  as  is  proved  by  a  comparison  of 
nany  examination  papers  of  the  present  day  with  those  of  a 
reneration  ago.  Yet  it  is  not  a  "  vocational "  arithmetic  that 
B  being  taugnt.  The  realization  that  life  is  a  laboratory  for 
he  demonstration  of  theories  as  well  as  a  shop  for  the  making 
>f  practical  products  has  put  new  life  into  devitalized  tex^ 


bodks.  But  it  has  taken  more  than  such  an  attack  to  upset  the 
traditionalism  of  the  college. 

This,  we  like  to  believe,  will  be  one  of  the  legacies  of  the 
great  war.  The  colleges  will  move  more  alertly,  nice  forward. 
The  classroom  will  &ad  in  the  community  outside  the  campus 
material  for  the  demonstration  of  theories  and  the  working  out 
of  problems.  Court-houses,  town  meetings,  charities,  editorial 
desks,  and  pressrooms  will  be  seen  dearly  from  the  classroom 
window,  and  the  siiudy  of  their  various  operations  will  save  a 
deal  of  chalk  and  blackboard  space. 

The  war  is,  moreover,  forcing  into  college  halls  some  studies 
that  we  temporizingly  call  ^^  preparedness  courses,  which  we 
have  discovered,  to  our  surprise,  might  have  been  there  long 
ago.  As  though  every  college  study  if  properly  conducted  were 
not  in  reality  a  preparedness  course  I 

The  war  has  forc^  daily  newspapers  into  the  hands  of  our 
students,  and  every  dassroom  is  aroused  by  new  questions. 
Even  the  teacher  of  dead  languages,  through  whose  mouth 
ancient  civilizations  might  spe^  again  and  teach  their  many 
lessons,  finds  himself  saymg,  "  Perhaps  I  too  may  help  to  inter- 
pret these  questions  of  to-<hiy." 

All  this  tne  war  is  doing  in  our  coll^;e8,  everywhere.  True, 
the  need  was  greater  in  some  collies  than  in  others ;  but  all 
are  the  gainers  ;  and,  once  done,  it  can  hardly  be  undone. 


GOLDENROD 

About  the  Happy  Eremite  and  his  lady  as  they  walked  along 
the  lane  under  the  old  twisted  apple  trees  was  the  humming 
warmth  of  summer.  In  the  pasture  sloping  south  Esmeralda, 
the  cow,  munched  the  short  grass.  The  two  pigs  were  stretched 
in  all  their  pink  corpulency  m  the  shade  of  ihe  grea,t  cherry 
tree  in  front  of  the  bam.  Jack,  the  horse,  sprawl^  under  the 
hickories. 

"  Goldenrod  1"  exclaimed  the  Lady  Eremite  as  they  turned 
into  the  road  that  led  up  the  hilL 

"  By  Jupiter !  So  it  is !"  he  cried,  regretfully. 

They  walked  between  files  of  deep  green  and  yellow  gold. 

"  Isn't  it  unusually  early  ?"  she  asked,  not  without  a  touch  of 
resentment. 

The  Happy  Eremite  laughed.  "  Oh,  lady,  lady,"  he  said, 
"  don't  you  know  that  you  have  just  uttered  one  of  the  Original 
Seven  Bromides  ?  Have  you  ever  known  a  summer  when  you 
didn't  ask  yourself  that  question  and  answer  it  a  dozen  times  at 
least  for  yourself  and  other  indignant  folk  who  felt  that  nature 

•  was  cheating  them  ?  You  know  that  you've  always  answered, 
'  I'm  sure  I've  never  seen  it  so  early  I'  and  year  after  year 
you've  felt  the  same  tug  'at  your  heart  and  the  same  reluctant 
stiffening  of  relaxed  muscles  for  the  combat  with  winter,  and  a 
faint  impersonal  sadness  which  the  Germans  call  Wehmut  and 
which  no  watchful  censor  can  translate. 

"  Of  course  the  goldenrod  is  too  early  this  year.  It  always  18 
too  early  every  year.  You  see,  it  means  the  beginning  of  the 
end  of  the  season  of  luxuriant  things — of  deep,  fresh  g^rass  and 
thickets,  and  those  young  willows  of  ours  wonderfully  bending 
under  the  weight  of  the  new  shoots,  and  fidds  of  wheat  shoulder 
high,  and  warm  ground  to  lie  on,  and  warm  winds,  and  lazy, 
wandering  thoughts.  The  goldenrod  comes  in  the  very  height 
of  summer  as  a  sort  of — " 

^Memento  mori"  interposed  the  Lady  Eremite.  **  I  don't 
like  that  idea." 

"•  Oh,  no  I"  he  cried.  **  I  don't  mean  that  it  comes  as  a  grim 
ghost  to  the  feast.  It  comes  merdy  as  a  gentle  reminder,  the 
gentlest  of  reminders,  that  there  are  difficult  days  ahead  and 
we  might  as  well  get  used  to  the  thought.  It  is  the  season  of 
combat  sending  a  harbinger  to  the  season  of  rest  and  beauty, 
an  exquisite  thing  of  ddicate  lo'.  diness  shaped  in  gold,  to  say : 
'  There  is  a  time  to  lie  back  and  dream,  and  a  time  to  get  up 

*  and  work.  You  have  rested  in  the  shadow  of  sumptuous  boughs. 
Ygu  have  bathed  morning  and  night  in  the  beauty  of  exquisite 
color.  The  sim  has  warmed  you,  and  running  brooks  have  cooled 
you,  and  fruits  and  berries  and  ddicious  greens  have  sprung 
up  like  weeds  to  sustain  you  and  strengthen  you.  Now  make 
your  soul  ready  for  the  struggle  once  more.' "  i 

The  Happy  Eremite  broke  a  stalk  at  the  roadside  and  studied 


48 


THE   OUTLOOK 


11  Septemlxr 


the  sheaf  of  slender,  aspiring  stems,  bending  at  the  top  ^ith 
their  golden  burden  of  bloom.  "  Look !"  he  said.  "  The  sheaf 
together  is  like  a  star,  and  every  blossoming  stem  is  a  mass  of 
little  stars  with  the  buds  below  like  stars  asleep,  ready  to  break. 
If  we  must  have  winter,  can  you  imagine  a  more  inspiring  mes- 
senger to  tell  us  that  winter  is  on  the  way  ?  If  we  must  have 
the  struggle  with  the  coal  problem,  and  the  struggle  with 
refractory  and  moody  furnaces,  and  the  struggle  with  water- 
pipes  that  freeze  in  spite  of  all  precautions,  and  the  struggle 
with  Bridgets  who  do  not  like  the  country  in  winter,  and  uie 
struggle  with  snow-drifts  and  biting  winds,  can  you  imagine 
a  gentler  method  for  the  good  Lord  Almighty  to  tell  us  to  get 
ready  ?  He  tells  us  in  terms  of  the  very  beauty  in  which  he 
sees  us  reveling  that  that  beauty  must  pass  to  make  way  for 
the  sterner  beauty  of  spiritual  combat.   And  he  tells  us  months 


ahead.  He  seems  to  know  that  we  need  time  to  say  good-b; 
to  ease  and  luxury  and  to  muster  our  strength  for  battle." 

"  It  is  a  comforting  notion,"  said  the  La^  Eremite,  "  even  if 
it  does  presuppose  a  sort  of  kindly  but  stem  Deity  that  I  caa'i 
believe  m." 

^'  Oh,  but  it  doesn't  presuppose  ^hat  sort  of  Deity  at  all,"  tLe 
Happy  Eremite  protested.  "  Call  your  God  Law,  or  the  Divine 
Principle  of  Being,  or  whatever  you  will,  the  fact  of  the  golden- 
rod  remains  unchanged.  Into  the  midst  of  your  luxuriant  peac« 
it  comes  to  give  you  warning  of  approaching  war.  There  ii 
nothing  strident  about  it,  nothing  violent,  nothing  sensational 
Quietly  at  the  roadside  it  unfurls  its  golden  flag  that  means 
Prepare .'" 

"  And  fill  the  cool-bin,"  added  the  Lady  Eremite. 

"  Exactly,"  he  said.  "  The  coal-bm  of  the  souL" 


THE  COLLEGES   AND  THE   WAR 


I— WHAT  THE  COLLEGES  ARE  GOING  TO  DO 

THE  most  important  thing  in  connection  with  future  college 
education  in  this  country  is  the  decision  of  the  Government 
to  enter  upon  a  certain  policy  of  regulation  of  the  educa- 
tion of  all  American  boys  of  eighteen  and  over  who  already  are 
or  who  naturally  would  be  in  cellmate  institutions. 

When  the  Government  bill  extending  the  draft  age  from 
eighteen  to  forty-five  inclusive  was  introduced  in  Congress,  the 
cry  went  up  from  many  that  it  would  close  the  doors  of  every 
college  in  t^e  country.  Hardly.  The  Government's  plans  mean 
the  best  method  for  keeping  the  coU^;es  alive.  Not  only  will 
the  Government  prevent  unnecessary  depletion  of  our  colleges 
by  indiscriminate  volunteering  among  the  students  ;  its  creation 
of  a  Students'  Army  Training  Corps  (known  as  the  S.  A.  T.  C.) 
wiU  give  to  many  of  our  educations  institutions  something  new, 
and  will  also  make  education  itself  more  widespread. 

The  following  statement  issued  by  the  War  Department  out- 
lines the  purpose  and  operation  of  the  Students'  Army  Training 
Corps: 

1.  All  young  men  who  were  planning  to  go  to  school  this  fall 
should  cany  out  their  plans  and  do  so.  Each  should  go  to  the 
college  of  hu  choice,  matriculate,  and  enter  as  a  regular  stadent. 
He  will,  of  course,  also  register  with  his  local  board  on  the  regis- 
tration day  set  by  the  President.  As  soon  as  possible  after 
re&ristration  day,  probably  on  or  about  October  1,  opportunity 
will  be  given  tor  all  the  regularly  enrolled  students  to  be  in- 
ducted into  the  Students'  ArmyTraining  Corps  at  the  schools 
where  they  are  in  attendance.  Thus  the  Corps  will  be  organized 
by  voluntary  induction  under  the  Selective  Service  Act,  instead 
ot  by  enlistment,  as  previously  contemplated. 

The  student,  by  voluntary  induction,  becomes  a  soldier  in  the 
United  States  Army,  uniformed,  subject  to  military  discipline, 
and  with  the  pay  of  a  private.  They  will  simultaneously  be 
placed  on  full  active  duty,  and  contracts  will  be  made  as  soon 
as  possible  with  the  colleges  for  the  housing,  subsistence,  and 
instruction  of  tlie  student  soldiers. 

2.  Officers*  uniforms,  rifles,  and  such  other  equipment  as  may 
be  available  will  be  furnished  by  the  War  Department,  as  pre- 
viously announced. 

3.  The  student-soldiers  will  be  given  military  instruction  under 
officers  of  the  Army,  and  will  be  kept  under  observation  and 
test  to  determine  their  qualification  as  officer  candidates  and 
technical  experts,  such  as  engineers,  chemists,  and  doctors.  After 
a  certain  period  the  men  will  be  selected  according  to  their  per- 
formance, and  assigned  to  military  duty  in  one  of  the  following 
ways : 

(a)  He  may  be  transferred  to  a  central  officers'  training 
camp. 

(Jo)  He  may  be  transferred  to  a  non-commissioned  officers' 
training  schooL 

(e)  He  may  be  assigned  to  the  school  wliere  he  is  enrolled 
for  further  intensive  work  in  a  specified  line  for  a  limited 
specified  time. 

{d)  He  may  be  assigned  to  the  vocational  training  section 
of  the  Corps  tor  technician  training  of  miUtary  value. 

(e)  He  may  be  transferred  to  a  cantonment  for  duty  with 
troops  as  a  private. 

41  Similar  sorting  and  reassignment  of  the  men  will  be  made  at 
periodical  intervals,  as  the  requirements  of  tl<e  service  demand. 


It  cannot  be  now  definitely  stated  how  long  a  particular  stadent 
will  remain  at  college.  Tins  will  depend  on  the  requirements  of 
the  mobilization  and  the  age  group  to  which  he  belongs.  In  order 
to  keep  the  unit  at  adequate  strength,  men  will  be  amnitted  from 
secondary  schoob  or  transferred  from  depot  brigades  as  the 
need  may  require. 

Students  will  ordinarily  not  be  permitted  to  remain  on  duty  in 
the  college  units  after  tlie  majority  of  their  fellow-citizens  of  like 
age  Iiave  been  called  to  military  service  at  camp.  Exception  to 
tliis  rule  will  be  made,  as  the  needs  of  the  service  require  it,  in 
the  rase  of  technical  and  scientific  students,  who  will  be  assigned 
for  longer  periods  for  intensive  study  in  8|>ecialize<l  fields. 

5.  No  units  of  the  Students'  Army  Training  Corps  will,  for 
the  present,  be  established  at  secondary  schools,  but  it  is  hoped 
to  provide  at  an  early  day  for  the  extension  of  militarv  instnic- 
tion  in  such  schools.  The  secondary  schools  are  urged  to  inten- 
sify their  instruction  so  that  young  men  seventeen  and  eighteen 
years  old  may  be  qualified  to  enter  college  as  promptly  as  pos- 
sible. 

G.  There  will  be  both  a  collegiate  section  and  a  vocational  sec- 
tion of  the  Students'  Army  Training  Corps.  Young  men  of  draft 
age  of  grammar  school  education  will  be  given  opportuni^  to 
enter  the  vocational  section  of  the  Corps.  At  present  about 
27,500  men  are  called  for  this  section  each  month.  Application 
for  voluntary  induction  into  the  vocational  section  should  be 
made  to  the  local  board,  and  an  effort  will  be  made  to  accom- 
modate as  many  as  possible  of  those  who  volunteer  for  this 
training. 

Men  in  the  vocational  section  will  be  rated  and  tested  by  the 
standard  Army  methods,  and  those  who  are  found  to  possess  the 
requisite  qualifications  may  be  assigned  for  further  training  in 
tlie  collegiate  section. 

7.  In  view  of  the  comparatively  short  time  during  which  most 
of  the  student-soldiers  will  remain  in  college  and  tlie  exacting 
military  duties  awaiting  them,  academic  instruction  must  neces- 
sarily be  modified  along  lines  of  direct  military  value.  The  War 
Department  will  prescribe  or  suggest  such  modifications.-  The 
schedule  of  purely  military  instruction  will  not  preclude  effective 
academic  work.  It  will  vary  to  some  extent  in  accordance  with 
the  type  of  academic  instruction,  t.g.,  will  be  less  in  a  medical 
school  than  in  a  college  of  liberal  arts. 

8.  The  primary  purpose  of  the  Students'  Army  Training  Corptf 
is  to  utilize  the  executive  and  teaching  personnel  and  the  physical 
equipment  of  the  colleges  to  assist  in  the  training  of  our  new 
armies.  This  imposes  g^eat  responsibilities  -  on  tlie  colleges  and 
at  the  same  time  creates  an  exceptional  opportunity  for  service. 
The  colleges  are  askeil  to  devote  the  whole  energy  and  educa- 
tional power  of  the  institution  to  the  phases  and  lines  of  training 
desired  by  the  Government.  The  proolein  is  a  new  one  and  calls 
for  inventiveness  and  adaptability  as  well  as  that  spirit  of  co- 
operation which  the  colleges  have  already  so  abundantly  shown. 

9.  The  plan  contemplates  the  making  of  contracts  with  aQ 
institutions  having  units  of  the  Students  Army  Training  Corps 
for  the  housing,  subsistence,  and  instruction  of  the  stadent- 
soldiers  to  take  effect  on  or  about  October  1, 1918.  A  separate 
statement  of  this  dr.te  sets  forth  tlie  procedure  and  principles 
governing  these  contracts. 

FUTURE  EDUCATION 
Perhaps  with  this  in  prevision,  notable  departures  have  bea 
ma<le  by  Brown,  Amherst,  Yale,  Princeton,  and  other  colleget^ 
Brown  is  to  be  in  session  throughout  the  year,  so  as  to  niak< 

Digitize?!  by  VJOVJV'-^ 


918 


THE   OUTLOOK 


49 


t  possible  for  the  student,  if  present  at  the  summer  term,  to 
omplete  the  coarse  in  three  years.  Amherst  has  established  a 
wo-year  course  which  permits  students  to  choose  from  the 
oll^e  curriculum  tboee  studies  that  seem  most  desirable  and 
tenencial,  English  and  mathematics,  however,  bein?  required  the 
irst  year.  Princeton  and  Yale  have  established  a  three-year 
oone. 

II— WHAT  THE  COLLEGES  HAVE  DONE 

BELIEF  WOBK 

When,  in  1914,  war  beean,  our  colleges  were  quick  to  engage 
n  relief  work.  Harvard,  Princeton,  W^illiams,  for  instance, 
stablished  ambulances  in  France,  and  the  Yale  Mobile  Hoe- 
lital  Unit  was  not  only  the  first  mobile  medical  unit  organ- 
zed  in  America,  but  the  first  to  be  put  into  operation  in 
Trance.  Not  a  few  undergraduates  left  colleges  in  the  midst  of 
heir  courses  and  went  into  ambulance  and  hospital  work. 
Vmerican  coll^fes  should  be  credited,  too,  with  some  of  the 
inest  of  those  spirits  who  dedicated  their  lives  to  the  Allied 
auae  of  freedom  before  the  United  States  entered  the  war — 
Hctor  Chapman  and  Alan  Seeger,  of  Harvard ;  John  McCon- 
lell,  of  the  University  of  Virginia,  etc. 

When,  in  1917,  we  entered  the  war,  our  coU^aos  did  three 
hings:  (1)  They  increased  this  relief  work ;  (2)  many  of  them 
ashed  to  the  colors ;  (8)  they  brought  about  the  introduction  of 
(lilitaty  training  ifato  the  coU^^. 

The  mcrease  m  ooll^fe  relief  work  may  be  seen  in  the  establish- 
aent  of  base  hospitals.  For  example,  iNaval  Base  Hospital  No.  2 
)  composed  of  the.  medical  faculty  of  Stanford  University  and 
he  nurses  from  lis  hospital ;  Army  Base  Hospital  No.  22  is 
mule  up  by  the  Harvard  Surgical  U°>t  ^  No.  28  is  occupied 
aoetly  by  Marquette  University  (Mjlwat^ee).  men ;  No.  24  is 
omposed  entirely  of  Tulane  University  (New  Orleans)  men  ; 
io.  25  was  organized  lately  by  the  University  of  Cincmnati ; 
nd  No.  26,  wholly  by  the  University  of  Minnesota.  Laboratory 
aen  for  the  field,  evacuation,  base,  and  mobile  hospitals  have 
leen  trained  at  the  Yale  Medical  School,  the  only  one  of  its 
jnd  orameoted  with  any  university ;  the  only  school  for  the 
raining  of  army  doctors  in  the  prevention  and  care  of  tubercu- 
3sis  is  at  the  New  Haven  Hospital,  affiliated  with  Yale. 

Belief  work  may  also  be  noted  in  the  establishment  of  schools 
f  instruction  for  the  treatment  of  war  fractures,  giving  system* 
tic  instruction  to  rotatine  classes  of  medical  officers,  like 
he  school  established  at  Tulane;  or  in  the  existing  schools 
f  dentistry,  like  those  at  Tulane,  at  Harvard,  and  at  Mais 
uette,  in  which  titiousands  of  operations  have  been  performed 
X  Axmj  and  Navy  men  without  charge ;  or  in  the  medical, 
ental,  and  pharmaceutical  schools  of  Temple  University  at 
Philadelphia  and  the  University  of  Maryhuia  at  Baltimore,  or 
I  the  new  school  of  Rontgenology  for  medical  offieers  conducted 
y  the  Cornell  University  Medickl  College  in  New  York  City. 

RBCBurrma 

Before  we  entered  the  war  a  lan^e  number  of  college  men 
ad  gone  into  the  fighting  forces.  They  had  joined  the  Boyal 
lyin^  Coips,  the  Princess  Patricia  Regiment,  the  Duke  of 
VeUingtons  Regiment,  the  Black  Watch,  the  Coldstream 
ruards,  the  Irish  Guards,  the  French  Fljring  Legion,  and  the 
Ihasseurs  Alpins  in  the  British  and  French  land  and  air  forces. 

The  fiunous  Lafayette  E^scadrille  in  French  aviation  work 
-as  organized  by  two  Harvard  men,  Norman  Prince  and  Frazier 
!urti8,  and  the  first  graduate  from  an  American  college  to  fall 
as  Lieutenant  Wilhamson,  of  the  Duke  of  Wellington's  West 
Liding  Regiment,  also  a  Harvard  man. 

At  the  outbreak  of  the  war  between  America  and  Germany 
great  group  of  college  men,  undergraduates  as  well  as  grada> 
tea  and  former  students,  rushed  to  the  colors.  After  the  Com- 
lencement  of  that  year  there  was  another  rush  of  those  who 
ad  just  become  graduates.  Of  that  class  at  Williams,  for  in- 
ance,  there  were  110  men ;  of  these  106  are  in  the  service. 

Wbm  the  time  came  for  the  class  of  1918  to  graduate,  it  was 
rident  that  our  colleges  had  lost  about  25,000  students  com' 
ared  with  the  attendance  the  previous  year.  At  Princeton 
[one  over  half  of  those  on  the  rolls  had  gone.  And  not  only 
lat.  So  many  iustructots  in  engineering  and  other  technical 
shools  had  be«n  called  out  that  it  was  hard  to  man  the  classes ; 


at  Harvard,  for  example,  over  two  himdred  members  of  the 
teaching  staff  bad  gone  into  the  Natioual  service. 

PRELTMIWABY  MIUTABT  TBADONQ 

Our  colleges  did  not  wait  for  war  to  be  declared  by  us  to 
begin  military  training — ^indeed,  the  land-erant  ooll^ies  have 
always  maintained  it ;  among  others,  Com^  Ruteers,  Purdue, 
the  Universities  oi  California,  Florida,  Idaho,  Illinois,  Ken- 
tucky, Maine,  Minnesota,  Missouri,  Nebraska,  Nevada,  Tennes- 
see, Vermont,  Wisconsin,  Wyoming,  the  Ohio  State  Univer- 
sity, the  Pennsylvania  State  College,  and  the  Massachusetts 
Institute  of  Technology — '*  Boston  Tech,"  as  it  is  still  known,- 
and  will  be,  despite  its  removal  to  Cambridge.  t.  .  .  . 

Our  foremost  military  authority  was  the  foremost  propMAn- 
dist  for  universal  military  training.  Like  Lord  Roberts  ii^  Eng* 
land,  so  in  America,  General  Leonard  Wood  had  long  points 
out  the  need  of  such  training.  He  was  also  a  particular  propa- 
gandist for  military  training  in  coll^^es.  In  I9l8  he  organized 
what  became  known  as  "  Army  Camps  for  College  Students  "  at 
Plattsbun^,  Gettysburg,  and  elaewhere. 

Towarcb  the  end  of  1914  the  undergpnduates  at  Princeton 
asked  the  Faculty  to  organize  military  training.  After  confer, 
ence  with  Genertu  Wood,  (1)  a  course  of  lectures  was  established 
early  in  1915  on  military  history  and  policy,  on  the  relations  of 
r^fiilar  forces  to  militia  reserves,  on  types  of  ordnance,  military 
map-making,  military  hygiene,  etc.,  the  lectures  to  be  eiven  once 
a  week  by  officers  detailed  by  the  War  Department ;  {2)  tactical 
excursions  were  started  for  the  study  of  offensive  and  defensive 
positions  at  a  given  location,  trench,  bridge,  and  road  building ; 
(8)  practice  in  rifle  shooting  both  on  indoor  and  outdoor  ranges 
was  begun. 

On  the  initiative  furnished  by  this  movement,  for  which 
G^ieral  Wood  was  primarily  responsible,  in  January,  1916, 
military  eetablishments  were  started  at  various  colleges.  At 
Harvard  a  r^ment  was  formed.  It  had  no  Government  con- 
nection except  that  the  Government  famished  rifles,  bayonets, 
and  belts.  Its  enrollment  amounted  to  about  a  thousand  men. 
At  Yale,  in  the  same  month,  four  battalions  of  field  artillery 
were  formed  and  drilled. 

THK  R.  O.  T.  C  , 

Five  mmiths  later,  in  order  to  have  a  eontinnal  resooroe  of 
officer  material.  Congress  aathoriied  the  establishment  at  educa- 
tional institutions  of  units  of  Reserve  Officers'  Training  Corps, 
to  give  training  to  undereraduates  (while  those  students  con- 
tinned  their  r^fular  studied  for  a  prescribed  course  of  four  years, 
with  a  weekly  number  of  hours  of  military  instruction,  and 
under  an  officer  of  the  Army,  active  or  retired,  detailed  as  Pro- 
fessor of  Military  Science  and  Tactics. 

The  R.  O.  T.  C.  was  prescribed  by  G^eral  Order  No.  49  of 
the  War  Department,  September  20,  1916,  to  prepare  students 
to  perform  the  duties  of  commissimied  officers  m  the  United 
States  military  forces.  Units  were  established  at  Harvard,  Yale, 
Princeton,  Johns  Hopkins,  Cornell,  WiUiams,  Amherst,  Bow- 
doin.  Trinity,  Georgetown,  the  Catholic  University  of  America, 
Washington  and  Leie,  Western  Reserve,  Purdue,  Northwestern, 
Whitman,  the  Universities  of  Iowa,  Kentodcy,  Maryland, 
Michigan,  Minnesota,  Wisconsin,  and  others. 

In  order  to  meet  the  War  Department's  reauiremmts, 
courses  similar  to  that  pursued  at  the  Johns  Hopkins  Univet^ 
sity  were  in  order.  Class-room  recitations  in  military  subjects 
were  required  of  all  members  of  the  unit.  In  addition,  one 
military  lecture  was  griven  each  week.  There  was  instruction  in 
mapping  and  ground  problems.  The  entire  imit  drilled  several 
hours  a  week.  Credit  towards  graduation  was  given  for  thecourse. 

officers'  trainino  cahfs 
Membership  in  the  R.  O.  T.  C.  did  not  exempt  from  the  draft, 
but  whenever  a  student  was  drafted,  by  the  War  Department's 
order,  the  Professor  of  Military  Science  and  Tacticsat  the  student's 
college  forwarded  the  young  man's  record  of  work  to  the  Adjutant- 
General  at  Washington,  with  a  recommendation,  if  such  were 
deserved,  that  the  student  be  admitteil  to  an  Officers'  Training 
Camp.  Thus  the  collegian  could  feel  that  he  had  almost  an 
assurance  of  a  commission  at  the  end  of  his  course  at  the  Officers' 
Training  Camp.  Should  he  graduate  before  being  called  to  the 
colors,  he  automatically  became  either  a  provisional  second  lieu- 
Digitized  by  VJWVJV  IV^ 


50 


THE  OUTLOOK 


tenant  or,  if  not  actoaQy  oommissioned,  was  placed  on  a  list 
as  eliifible  for  a  ccnninission  when  more  cheers  were  needed. 

A  month  after  we  entered  the  war  the  first  Officers'  Training 
Camp  was  established.  Of  the  members  of  this  camp,  284  were 
admitted  from  Harvard  alone,  other  Harvard  men  joining  the 
Naval  Reserve,  the  Signal  Corps,  and  other  branches  of  tlie 
Anny  and  Navy.  For  the  Officers'  Training  Camp  the  War 
Department  assigned  a  definite  ^uota  of  men  to  every  ooll^re 
having  a  R.  O.  T.  C.  unit.  For  mstanoe,  for  the  latest  of  me 
Offioers'  Training  Camps  the  quota  for  Williams  men  was  40 
alumni  and  as  many  undergraduates  as  had  reached  the  required 
age  of  advancement  in  military  preparation ;  out  of  the  250 
men  in  the  Williams  R.  O.  T.  C.  102  were  sent. 

KHAKI  IN  COLLEGE 

When  we  went  to  war,  the  colleges  wanted  to  do  two  things : 
first,  to  take  part  in  the  war,  and,  second,  to  keep  on  with  their 
work.  It  seemed  as  if  these  desires  collided.  At  this  juncture 
President  Wilson  uttered  these  wise  words : 

It  would  seriously  impair  America's  prospects  of  saecess  in 
this  war  if  the  supply  of  nighly  trained  men  were  onneeessarily 
diminished.  ...  I  therefore  nave  no  hesitation  in  nrffing  col- 
leges and  technical  schools  to  endeavor  to  maintain  thev  courses 
as  far  as  possible  on  the  usual  basis. 

As  a  result  coU^^  work  is  still  being  pursued,  and  yet  mili- 
tary work  has  been  added.  For  exaniple,  at  Amherst  just  after 
we  entered  the  war  no  less  than  425  out  of  476  students  were 
drilling.  At  Brown  and  other  imiversities  concessions  were 
made.  Men  were  excused  for  military  or  agricultural  service ; 
certain  requirements  for  a  degree  were  waived.  Throughout  the 
country,  indeed,  while  the  old  courses  were  continued,  the 
college  curriculum  was  being  more  and  more  adapted  to  the 
necessities  of  war.  These  necessities  have  made  oorooll^^ 
richer  in  physical,  mental,  and  spiritual  life. 

The  student  in  khaki  upon  the  campus  marks  the  distinction 
between  the  old  academic  days  and  actual  military  service. 
Those  who  are  not  in  khaki  seem  the  more  conscious  of  their 
civilian  clothes.  At  the  "  Boston  Tech  "  there  have  been  no  less 
than  a  thousand  students  in  uniform  in  attendance  at  the  rega- 
lar  studies  in  addition  to  about  twelve  hundred  enlisted  or  com- 
missioned men  in  militafy  or  naval  aviation  schools  maintained 
there  for  the  Grovemment. 

Some  collies  offer  courses  in  both  military  and  naval  sci- 
ence; for  instance,  Amherst,  Princeton,  the  College  of  the 
City  of  New  York,  the  "  Boston  Tech,"  Georgetown,  Yale  with 
its  Naval  Unit,  the  University  of  Michigan,  and  Harvard.  At 
Harvard  there  are  two  courses,  one  for  the  members  of  the 
Naval  Reserve  and  one  in  the  Government  School  of  Ensigns. 

Radio  schools,  to  supply  the  Navy  and  the  merchant  marine 
with  radio  operators,  have  become  a  feature  of  Amherst,  Cor- 
nell, the  Coll^;e  of  the  Citar  of  New  York,  Georgetown,  Pratt 
Institute  (Brooklyn),  the  University  of  CiJifomia,  and,  above 
all.  Harvard,  where  about  nine  out  of  every  ten  radio  operators 
employed  by  the  Government  are  being  trained. 

The  schools  of  vocational  tnuning  indude  instruction  not  only 
in  radio  work,  but  also  in  other  telegraphy ;  in  auto-mechanics, 
in  carpentry,  wheelwright,  and  bla^smiUi  work ;  in  electrical 
engineering ;  in  shoe  and  harness  making ;  in  tinsmithing  and 
plumbing,  m  road-building  and  concrete  work ;.  sometimes  also 
in  languages  and  nursing.  Such  schools  are  specially  to  be  noted 
at  Hampton  and  Tuskegee  Institutes  and  Howard  University 
(colored  institutions),  at  Dartmouth,  Cornell,  Lehigh,  Purdue, 
and  Tulane  Universities,  at  theCam^e  Institute  of  Technology 
(Pittsburgh),  and^t  the  Universities  of  Iowa,  Kentucky,  Maine, 
and  Michigan.  To  some  of  these  the  Government  details  men 
for  instruction  in  camps,  cantonments,  navy  jrard  and  ship- 
yard work.  Incidentally,  what  better  form  of- practical,  general, 
technical  tnuning  can  be  found  than  the  co-industrial  plan  in 
operation  at  the  University  of  Cincinnati,  for  instance,  by  which 
a  man  spends  part  of  his  time  in  the  university  class-rooms  and 
laboratories  and  part  in  applying  what  he  has  there  learned 
(and,  as  well,  earning  a  living)  in  some  actual  industry  ? 

As  to  provision  for  college  men  abroad,  in  May,  1917,  Yale 
established  the  Yale  Bureau  in  Paris,  from  which  grew  the 
American  University  Union  in  Europe,  now  support^  by  136 
colleges,  vmiversities,  and  technical  schools,  with  the  twofold 
objed;  of  helping  American  college  men  in  the  war  service  and 


of  encouraging  closer  bonds  between  the  American  universitiet 
and  those  of  roreign  countries. 

Ill— WHAT   THE   COLLEGES   ARE   DOING 

There  are  now,  some  say,  nearly  two  hundred  thousand  cd- 
l^re  men — undergraduates,  graduates,  and  former  students— in 
the  National  war  service  as  a  whole ;  that  is,  not  only  in  the 
three  great  branches  of  defense  (the  Army,  the  Navy,  and  the 
air  service),  but  also  in  those  additicmal  forces  required  by  war 
work — among  the  scientific  experts  in  the  administration  de- 
partments at  Washingttm,  and  among  the  Red  Cross,  Y.M.C.A., 
and  other  recognized  war  workers. 

It  is  interesting  to  glance  at  a  table  of  the  total  number  d 
men  from  certain  representative  colleges  in  our  war  service 
as  a  whole,  armed  ana  unarmed.  The  proportion  in  the  armed 
service  is,  as  a  rule,  from  three  to  five  times  that  of  the  unarmed 
service.  Such  statistical  information,  necessarily  incomplete 
and  sometimes  misleading,  is,  however,  suggestive.  Roiijgfal; 
speaking,  the  totals  are  somewhat  as  follows : 


NEW  ENGLAND 

Harvard    .... 

Estimated  at  about 

9,000  men 

Yale 

u 

u 

6,200    « 

"Boston  Tech" 

u 

u 

4,000    « 

Dartmouth        .... 

« 

u 

1,900    « 

Williams 

« 

« 

1,200    « 

Brown       .                ... 

u 

tt 

1,200    « 

Amherst 

u 

« 

1,000    " 

University  of  Mune 

u 

u 

1,000    « 

Bowdoin 

« 

« 

800    « 

University  of  Vermont 

u 

M 

700    « 

Wesleyan          .... 

« 

« 

700    « 

Trinity       .... 

u 

M 

600    " 

THE  MIDDLE  STATES 

University  of  Pennsylvania    . 

Estunated  at  about 

5,500  men 

Columbia  .... 

« 

« 

5,600    « 

Cornell      .... 

« 

M 

6,100    " 

Princeton 

u 

U 

4,500    " 

Syracuse 
Gieorgetown 

u 
u 

u 
u 

2,400    « 
1,700    « 

University  of  Maryland    . 

u 

M 

J*^    " 

Lehigh       .... 

« 

« 

1,200    « 

Rutgers 

M 

u 

800    « 

THE  CENT 

RAL  WEST 

University  of  Michigan 

Estimated  at  about 

9,600  men 

«          "  lUinou 

it 

.( 

4,600     " 

«           "  Cliicago 

u 

u 

4,000    « 

Ohio  State  University 

u 

« 

3,500     •* 

University  of  Minnesota   . 

u 

« 

2,600    « 

"           "  Wisconsin   . 

a 

« 

2,600    « 

Purdue      .        .        .        , 

u 

« 

2,500    « 

Indiana     .... 

u 

u 

2,000    « 

Northwestern    . 

« 

u 

1,800    « 

Marquette          .        .        , 

« 

u 

1400     « 

University  of  Cincinnati    . 

u 

u 

1,000    " 

Oberlin      .... 

u 

u 

1,800    " 

THE  ! 

SOUTH 

University  of  Virginia 

Estimated  at  about 

2,500  men 

«          «  Texas  . 

« 

u 

2,600     « 

«          "  Tennessee    . 

u 

u 

1,500     " 

Vanderbilt 

« 

u 

1,400    " 

University  of  Kentucky     . 

<i 

« 

1400    « 

Tulane       .... 

« 

a 

900     « 

University  of  the  South     . 

a 

a 

700     " 

"           "  Arkansas 

u 

u 

700    « 

Hampton  Institute     . 

« 

u 

600     « 

Tuskegee  Institute     . 

a 

u 

400    » 

THE 

WEST 

University  of  California    . 

Estimated  at  about 

3,000  men 

"           "  Washington 

(t 

u 

2400     « 

Stanford    .... 

u 

it 

1,400    « 

University  of  Colorado 

« 

u 

900    *• 

«           «  North  Dakota 

<t 

u 

500     « 

As  may  be  imagined,  there  are  rival  candidates  among  the 
colleges  for  the  largest  percentage  in  the  war  service  to  the  total 
number  of  graduates  and  undergraduates.  Among  these  rivals 
are  Harvard,  Princeton,  Michigan,  Williams,  and  the  Univer- 
sity of  Virginia.  ^->^  » 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


THE  VANISHED   SCHOOLMASTER 

BY   HERMANN   HAGEDORN 


I  hear  him  laughing  down  the  hall  somewhere 
To  think  that  any  one  should  call  him  dead 
Or  talk  as  though  the  best  of  him  had  fled 

To  some  blue  haven  of  the  upper  air. 


Make  no  mistake.  Glad,  calm,  and  strong  to  bear 
Burdens,  he  walks  these  balls,  high-spirited, 
With  you  and  me  in  his  great  heart  and  head. 

We  may  not  see  his  face ;  but  he  is  there. 


And  he  will  still  be  there  when  you  and  I 
Climb  feebly  the  long  hill  and  turn  to  view 
Our  gaudier  grandeur  and  ova  noisier  fame. 
And  see  a  desert ;  while  afar  his  cry 

Shakes  into  manhood  boys  he  never  knew 
And  kindles  hearts  that  never  heard  his  name. 


IN  AN  EMPTY   CLASS-ROOM 

BY  VERA   M.   BURRIDGE 


Dear  God,  be  near  and  very  kind 

Unto  my  children  fair 
Now  fighting  in  the  fields  of  France, 

And  make  plain  to  them  there 

The  truths  they  sensed  half-shamedly 
Amid  last  June's  bright  flowers : — 

The  Charter,  and  the  faith  of  Joan, 
Are  their  trust  these  red  hours. 


Show  them  they  bleed  for  Shelley's  dream. 
Fight  at  Burke's  side  for  right ; 

God  against  demon,  Milton's  theme. 
They  live  each  horror-night 

With  them  alone  free  history  lives, 

Shines  beauty's  saving  sun : 
Complete,  O  Lord,  the  teaching  them 

That  I  had  just  begun ! 


THE  BATTLE  OF  CHATEAU  THIERRY  AND  BEYOND 

BY   JOSEPH    H.   ODELL 

SPECIAL  CORRESPONDENT  OF  THE  OUTLOOK  IN  FRANCE 


f^HlTEAU  THIERRY!  The  name  has  been  hanging 
over  the  consciousness  of  Paris  for  many  weeks  and  about 
k^_>4  it  has  clustered  all  the  hopes  and  fears  of  the  Allied  cause. 
t  seemed  to  us  like  either  the  first  or  the  last  syllable  of 
urmageddon.  The  old  town  is  only  about  forty  miles  from 
'aris,  and  the  Huns  held  it  in  the  middle  of  July.  Chateau 
"hierry !  What  would  it  prove  to  be  ?  Some  thought  only  the 
:arting-point  on  the  last  lap  of  the  Boches'  journey,  and  then 
iie  sack  of  the  richest  and  fairest  city  in  the  world !  But 
Jhiiteau  Thierry  is  on  the  Mame,  and  the  Manxe  has  proved 
}  be  the  River  of  Death  to  Eaiserism.  On  the  south  side  of 
lie  river  lay  more  than  one  division  of  American  troops — pure- 
looded,  high-spirited  United  States  men,  who  strained  upon 
\xe  leash  which  wise  generalship  imposed  on  them.  They  were 
)ld  to  hold  the  line,  but  they  did  not.  The  American  idea  of 
olding  a  line  against  the  enemy  is  to  advance  and  drive  the 
je  from  his  positions.  That  is  exactly  what  happened — one  of 
tiose  splendid  plus-duty  affairs  which  history  will  write  about 
tupidly  for  many  a  generation  to  come  unless  some  poet 
ppears  who  loosens  an  epic  and  startles  the  world. 

Good  fortune  placed  me  near  enough  to  this  Getl^burg  of 
lie  world  war  to  get  into  it.  Clarence  Buddington  Kelland,  of 
be  "  Saturday  Evening  Post,"  and  now  of  uie  Y.  M.  C.  A. 
'ublicity  Department,  accompanied  me.  We  had  a  French 
utomobile,  which  we  loaded  to  capacity  vrith  cigarettes,  gum, 
boc-olate,  and  tobacco.  The  driver  was  a  wounded  American 
}ldier  wearing  the  Croix  de  Guerre  who  had  never  maiiipu- 
ited  a  French  car  before.  We  started  out  of  the  city  on  a  zig- 
fig,  ricocheting  from  almost  everything  we  met.  The  time 
ras  three  o'clo«uc  in  the  afternoon,  and  our  progress  for  the 
ext  ten  hours  was  thick  with  thrills,  alarms,  perils,  and  labors. 
V^e  stuck  in  the  mud  and  needed  a  platoon  of  infantry  to  push 
s  out.  We  ran  out  of  gasoline,  and  it  cost  a  liberal  libation  of 
Lmerican  cigarettes  to  bribe  a  supply  from  a  French  convoy 
ommandant.   Our  radiator  dried  up,  and  the  engine  threat- 


ened to  incinerate  itself ;  but  an  artiUery  outfit  finally  furnished 
water  from  a  swamp  a  fiill  half-mile  off  the  road.  We  got  mixed 
up  with  a  division  going  to  the  front,  and  had  to  take  our  place 
in  a  thousand  slow-movmg  camions.  We  threaded  our  liehtless 
way  through  heaps  of  ruins  which  were  once  respectable  vil- 
lages, the  only  illumination  being  the  lurid  horizon,  on  which 
the  artillery  belched  a  dull-red  fire.  Kelland  sat  on  heaps  of 
tobacco  and  sang  many  popular  songs  in  a  chnrch-«hoir  voice. 
I  tried  to  forget  that  I  was  hungry,  thirsty,  cold,  and  aching 
in  every  joint.  At  1:30  a.m.  we  pidled  into  tiie  desohition  which 
had  once  been  Chateau  Thier^  and  found  the  headquarters  of 
die  Military  Police.  The  M.  P.'s  were  Philadelphia  policemen 
at  home,  and  there  amid  the  Boche  devastations  we  discussed 
the  most  baffling  of  all  municipal  themes — how  not  to  govern 
Philadelphia  on  civilized  lines  ;  and  the  Vares  and  McNichols 
and  Penroses  and  the  Wanamakers  and  the  Rittenhouse  Square 
accessories  would  have  been  amazed  and  somewhat  pained  to 
have  heard  what  we  said  about  them  in  the  early  morning 
drizzle  with  the  German  rear-guard  guns  punctuating  our 
conversation. 

Why  do  Americans  persbt  in  differentiating  between  the 
German  military  caste  and  the  Crerman  people?  They  were 
ordinary  Boche  regiments  which  held  Chateau  Thierry,  and 
when  their  evacuation  of  the  place  became  obviously  necessary 
they  set  about  to  destroy  and  poUute  everything  within  reach. 
Remember,  this  is  not  hearsay ;  I  went  into  Chateau  Thierry 
on  the  heels  of  the  American  advance  and  saw  things  with  my 
own  eyes.  Every  vandalistic^Hunninh,  fiendish,  filthy  thing  that 
men  could  do  these  Huns  wi  in  Chateau  Thierry  just  before 
they  left.  The  streets  were  littere<l  with  the  private  possessions 
of  Uie  citizens  thrown  through  the  windows ;  every  bureau  and 
chiffonier  drawer  was  rifled  and  its  contents  destroyed ;  in 
the  better-class  houses  the  paintings  were  ripped  and  the  china 
and  porcelain  smashed  ;  furniture  was  broken  or  hacked  ;  mir- 
rors were  shivered  into  a  thousand  fragments ;  mattresses  and 

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11  Septet 


upholstery  were  slashed  ;  richly  bound  books  were  ripped ;  in 
fact,  there  was  hardly  a  thing  in  the  city  left  intact.  The  houses 
of  the  poor,  in  which  the  Gemuin  privates  had  been  billeted, 
were  just  as  badly  pillaged  and  devastated  as  the  homes  of  the 
well-to-do.  The  church,  grrand  enough  for  a  cathedral,  had  not 
been  spared.  Its  paintings  and  altars  and  crucifixes  and  sta- 
tions of  the  cross  had  been  ruthlessly  battered  and  defiled.  Yet 
even  this  does  not  tell  the  story — a  story  which  cannot  be  told 
to  people  who  respect  decency — for  the  Germans  left  tokens  of 
physiod  and  mental  obscenity  in  every  house  I  visited,  and  1 
entered  scores.  If  all  hell  had  been  let  loose  in  a  choice  suburban 
town  for  half  a  day,  it  could  not  have  put  its  obscene  and  dia- 
bolical mark  on  a  place  more  unmistakably  than  the  Germans 
put  theirs  on  Chateau  Thierry.  I  stood  amazed  that  there  could 
be  so  much  unrelieved  vileness,  such  organized  beastliness,  in 
the  world. 

This  brings  me  to  the  question  of  how  the  Allied  nations  feel 
towards  Germairy — a  question  which  I  have  been  at  no  usual 
pains  to  study.  France  is  the  most  difficult  to  describe.  In  the 
main  the  French  are  in  the  struggle  to  free  the  northern  part 
of  their  land  from  a  devouring  monster.  They  are  too  busy  in 
self-defense  to  indulge  in  moral  psychology.  Wherever  the  Ger- 
man foot  has  trod  there  is  nothing  left  but  ruin  ;  not  an  object 
of  art  or  a  subject  of  sentiment  has  been  spared.  They  are  hold- 
ing back  a  monster  which  is  trying  to  ravish  and  rape  them, 
and  they  fight  with  a  mingled  sense  of  fear  and  horror,  which 
is  shot  through  with  a  vivid  consciousness  of  personal  and  na- 
tional honor,  innocence,  and  righteousness.  The  British  are  some- 
what different.  They  have  a  feeling  that  their  incomparable 
navy  protects  them,  and  that  their  land  fighting  is  an  over-plus 
c(Hitribution  to  the  general  cause  of  decency  and  civilization. 
It  would  not  be  true  to  say  that  the  average  Britisher  hates  the 
Germans ;  rather  he  looks  upon  them  as  an  unexpectedly  hor- 
rible atavism,  a  frightful  blend  of  tiger,  snake,  and  ape,  an  ex- 
aggerated type  of  Caliban,  a  section  of  tite  human  family  which 
has  become  physically,  socially,  and  morally  insane — a  something 
repulsive,  loathsome,  foul,  dangerous,  and  racially  fratricidu 
which  must  be  curbed  at  any  cost.  The  British  do  not  hate  the 
German ;  they  simply  vomit  lead  into  them  whenever  possible 
because  of  utter  disgust.  Our  Americans  are  in  another  class. 
Thus  far  our  knowledge  of  German  brutality  and  villainy  has 
been  somewhat  remote,  except  for  the  troops  that  have  seen 
such  sights  as  they  and  I  saw  together  in  Chateau  Thierry  and 
the  adjacent  villages  and  towns.  Americans  despise  the  Germans 
as  men  who  do  not  know  how  to  play  fair  or  fight  clean  or  keep 
tiie  common  covenants  of  civiliisation.  Hence  we  still  hold  the 
crusading  spirit.  We  fight  as  the  saviors  of  our  gallant  allies, 
who  need  help  after  four  years  of  struggle  against  prostituted 
science  and  skill.  Our  Army  has  a  mission,  a  sacred  missicm, 
and  from  the  officer  in  command  down  ^  the  lowliest  enlisted 
man  there  is  a  feeling  of  dedication.  They  are  all  fighting  for  a 
cause,  and  each  is  the  champi<m  of  all  that  is  fine  and  h^y  and 
worth-while  in  the  world.  Later,  after  closer  contact  with  the 
Hun,  something  more  bitter  or  repugnant  may  enter  into  the 
feelings  of  the  Army  ;  but  the  present  mood  is  so  sublime  and 
vicarious  and  stem  that  it  assures  victory. 

But  to  come  back  to  Chateau  Thierry.  Kelland  and  I  dropped 
onto  a  mattress  in  a  looted  and  wretched  bedroom  and  slept 
until  morning.  (This  was  the  first  of  several  nights  through 
which  I  slept  in  my  uniform  and  boots.)  The  battle  was  on  a 
conflict  which  many  believe  to  be  the  turning-point  of  the  ^ar. 
It  was  also  the  first  time  in  which  division  after  division  of 
American  fighting  men  were  thrown  into  the  fray.  But  a  battle 
which  is  being  waged  over  a  front  of  seventy  or  eighty  kilome- 
ters, which  lasts  for  weeks  and  engages  hundreds  of  thousands 
of  men,  cannot  be  described  by  any  one  correspondent.  Fortu- 
nately, I  am  not  accounted  a  war  correspondent,  and  therefore 
may  evade  the  main  issues.  After  three  hours'  sleep  in  the 
wrecked  cottage,  we  had  breakfast  in  a  shell-mined  garden.  A 
good  breakfast  it  was,  too — coffee,  pancakes,  and  strips  of  bacon, 
not  served  with  Ritz  finesse,  but  grabbed  by  healdiy,  hungry 
men  who  were  glad  to  eat  it  standing. 

Just  when  I  nad  finished  that  rough  but  wholesome  repast  a 
wet,  muddy,  disheveled,  but  jaunty  figure  in  khaki  hove  in 
sight.    The  wings  on  his  blouse  left  no  doubt  as  to  his  unit. 

"  Where  in  the  devil  am  I  ?"  he  asked. 


"  Chateau  Thierry,"  I  replied. 

"  Thought  I  was  safe,"  he  said.  "■  Saw  a  blue  car,  and  kw 
the  French  were  around.  .  .  .  Afraid  at  first  I  hadlude 
inside  the  Boche  lines.  .  .  .  Got  mixed  up  in  the  doods  u 
had  to  land  in  a  potato-field  across  the  nver  .  .  .  waded  i 
stream.  .  .  .  Must  telephone  back  to  headquarters.  Where 
the  nearest  station  ?  .  .  .  Thanks,  I'll  be  back  for  some  cofp 
in  a  few  minutes.  .  .  .  Think  I  can  get  the  machine  up  agii 
later  in  the  day.  .  .  .  Need  some  gas — that's  alL" 

He  was  only  a  boy,  but  self-possessed  and  master  of  himst 
to  the  utmost  degree.  His  sangfroid  was  perfectly  oharmingi 
thegray  dawn  of  the  morning. 

Then  we  found  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  attached  to  the Din 

ion.  Although  it  was  only  6  AM.,  every  man — there  were  sete 
or  eight  secretaries — yraa  already  up  and  shaved  and  at  w«d 
Their  unit  was  moving  to  the  extreme  front  that  day,  and.  I 
rare  g^ood  luck,  it  was  a  unit  in  which  I  had  served  as  chaplii 
Many  of  the  officers  knew  me  personally,  and  accepted  meviii 
out  question  as  a  part  of  the  outfit.  This  gave  me  a  chance  i 
see  everything  that  was  worth  seeing  in  the  way  of  war.  I  at 
had  some  supplies  of  cigarettes,  tobacco,  chocolate,  and  chewii 
gniin  left,  but  I  was  able  to  secure  more  fro;n  the  Y.  M.  C.  i 
stores,  which  had  kept  contact  with  the  moving  troops.  At  i 
point  I  picked  up  Francis  B.  Sayre,  President  Wilson's  soih 
W,  and  E.  Harold  Cluett,  of  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  War  W« 

Council,  and  under  the  guidance  of  Colonel ,  the  DivisM 

quartermaster,  we  started  together  for  the  sanguinary 
hues. 

The  story  of  our  journey  is  altogether  too  gruesome  to 
As  we  passed  along  roads  and  through  fields  we  saw 
which  will  haunt  me  till  my  dying  day — dead  Germans  in 
grotesque  posture,  just  as  tney  ff£  ;  an  American  soldier  by 
roadside  with  his  head  blown  utterly  to  pieces ;  the  abanda 
arms  and  clothing  of  soldiers  littered  everywhere ;  grouiMi 
our  own  wounded  and  rassed  boys,  to  wh<Mn  we  gave  such  on 
fort  of  cigarettes  or  dioocdate  as  the  medical  orderlies  wa 
permit  ^  torn  battalions  or  decimated  platoons  halted  i« 
moment  and  again  moving  into  action  ;  a  wdl-known  Yale  n 
lete  carrying  out  urgent  and  perilous  tasks  in  the  intelliga 
department ;  convoy  carrying  food  and  ammuniti(Hi  forwud 
spite  of  heartbreaking  difficmties ;  and,  last  of  all,  a  madiii 
gun  battalion  holding  the  last  edge  of  woods  between  the  Affi 
and  the  German  forces.  No  <me  could  go  any  Luther  to  t 
front  than  we  were  at  that  moment.  We  were  in  the  van  of  a 
of  the  bitterest  battles  of  the  war — the  fight  that  was  to  dii 
the  Boche  out  of  the  Soissons-Rheims  salient,  deliver  Fu 
and  teach  the  Hun  once  for  all  that  America  was  to  be  the  it 
sive  factor  in  the  struggle.  In  those  fateful  woods  Sayre, 
and  I  had  a  supper  which  will  tell  its  own  story.  We 
roast  beef  (really  tender),  hot  macaroni,  boiled  pota 
and  jam,  and  coffee.  It  was  all  well  cooked  and  we 
than  enough.  Will  the  dear,  coddled,  secure,  and  war-t«C| 
ing  American  at  home  reinember  that  this  is  how  we  T"^ 
of  our  fiehting  men  who  are  within  range  of  German 
guns  and  rifles  ?  Of  course  there  are  instances  where 
troops  outrun  their  field  kitchen  and  suffer — I  found 
had  not  seen  food  for  forty-eight  hours  during  the  awfoL 
of  an  attack — but  such  cases  are  not  the  rule. 

We  gave  away  our  supplies  to  men  who  hardly  had 
smile  in  return ;  we  spoke  words  of  cheer  and  enooui 
to  those  who  had  looked  death  in  the  face  and  whose 
on  the  verge  of  eternity ;  we  talked  of  loved  ones  and 
when  such  heavens  and  havens  seemed  the  most  remote 
in  the  universe ;  we  offered  our  friendly  services  to  hi 
boys  who  never  expected  to  see  another  friend  on  earth 
gratified  though  they  all  were,  they  took  it  for  gfranted 
we  wore  the  i.  M.  C.  A.  badge,  and  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  men 
always  in  the  van  of  the  advancing  army  where  the  soldi 
need  friendship  and  comradeship. 

But  let  me  tell  one  story  of  this  terrible  experience  witii 
machine-gun  company  on  the  edge  of  the  woods. 
Y.  M.  C.  A.  had  no  other  testimony  to  offer  in  evidence 
confidence  our  soldiers  have  in  its  integrity  and  effici( 
would  be  enough,  more  than  enough.  In  the  twilight  an  enlL- 
man  walked  up  to  me  with  perfect  confidence,  pointed  to  I 
red  triangle  on  my  arm  and  said,  in  broken  English : 

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THE   OUTLOOK 


53 


''  Maybe  I  get  killed,  like  the  others ;  you  send  my  money  to 
ly  moUier?" 

I  asked  him  where  his  mother  lived,  and  he  replied,  "^  Metilin, 
I  Greece." 

It  seemed  a  long  cry,  but  I  promised,  hoping  that  some  way 

might  be  able  to  get  the  money  through. 

He  disappeared,  and  in  less  than  ten  minutes  returned  with 
Ight  hundred  and  fifty  francs  in  French  currency  and  one 
undred  and  eighty  dollars  in  American  bills. 

After  receiving  the  treasure  I  began  to  write  a  receipt,  when 
je  man  said:"  No  bother  about  receipt.  You  Y.  M.  C  A." 

When  I  returned  to  Chateau  Thierry,  still  under  bombs  and 
^  a  wild  welter  of  surging  French  and  American  troops,  the 
'.  M.  C.  A.  financial  secretary  took  the  money  as  calmly  as  if 
B  had  been  a  Wall  Street  or  Broad  Street  banker,  saying :  "  All 
ight;  I'll  send  a  receipt  to  the  company  commander  and 
lansmit  the  amount  to  Greece,  through  Paris,  by  the  next 
ail." 

Of  coarse  there  were  casualties  in  Chateau  Thierry  and  to 
le  north.  The  Allies  could  not  wipe  out  that  impertinent  and 
udacious  salient  between  Soissons  and  Rheims  without  paying 
>11.  Chateau  Thierry  had  several  field  hospitals,  at  least  one 
>r  each  division  engaged.  Francis  Sayre  and  I  worked  in  one 
F  them,  and  particularly  with  the  men  who  were  being  carried 
1  from  the  ambulances.  They  came  in  a  sickening  stream ; 
Dctors,  orderlies,  and  stretcher-bearers  were  tired  out  and  were 
orking  on  their  nerve ;  the  patients  ranged  all  the  way  from 
lattered  and  perishing  hulks  of  humanity  to  slightly  gassed 
ises  and  mere  flesh  wounds.  Every  one  was  too  busy  to  answer 
aestions,  so  we  read  the  dressing  station  tags  tied  to  the  patients 
id  avoided  giving  cigarettes  to  the  gas  cases.  How  wonderful 
lese  men  were  I    As  we  lit  a  cigarette  in  our  own  lipe  and  put 

between  the  lips  of  the  wounded  man  he  looked  his  gratitude 
tr  more  eloquently  than  words  could  have  fashioned.  Only 
ice,  and  that  in  the  surgical  ward,  did  we  hear  a  cry  from 
lose  broken  men,  and  then  it  was  a  dying  boy  who  sighed  with 
is  last  breath,  "  Mother,  oh,  mother  I" 

Far  spent  and  on  the  verge  of  nerve  collapse,  Sayre  and  I 
imed  away  and  walked  silently  back  to  the  x .  M.  C.  A.  The 
in  teen  was  in  a  stately  mansion,  or  what  once  had  been  a 
ately  mansion  before  the  dastardly  Hun  had  blasted  its  beauty. 
I  the  courtyard  and  iai  out  into  the  street  there  stretched  an 
>parently  endless  line  of  men  awaiting  their  turn  to  get  to  the 
iimtLT.  After  the  fttoilkss  (l;iys  aiul  bedU-ss  ni^'hts  and  bloody 
ittles  all  they  asked  '9^^  package  of  cigarettes,  a  square  of 
lewing  tobacco,  a  baf«J^chocolate,  or  a  quarter  of  a  ix)uiul  of 


crackers ;  they  were  willing  to  stand  in  line  for  one  or  two 
hours  for  the  privilege  of  making  that  simple  purchase  ;  they 
were  as  quiet  and  oraerly  as  if  tl^y  had  been  entering  church. 
Then  darknww  felL  In  one  sense  it  was  a  mercy,  for  the 
Y.  M.  C.  A.  canteen  men  were  ready  to  drop  from  utter  weari- 
ness ;  in  another  sense  it  was  a  tragedy,  because  several  hundred 
war-weary  and  nerve-spent  men  couldnotbuy  what  they  wanted 
most.  Then  it  was  that  the  spirit  and  the  mission  of  the 
Y.  M.  C.  A.  were  revealed  ;  in  order  to  give  no  guidance  to  the 
Boche  airplanes  lights  were  not  allowed  in  Chateau  Thierry 
and  the  secretaries  could  not  see  to  sell  or  to  make  change.  So 
they  solved  the  problem  by  walking  down  the  long  waiting  line 
widi  baskets,  and  giving,  absolutely  free,  to  each  man  what  he 
wanted  most — cigarettes,  tobacco,  sweet  biscuits,  or  chocolate. 
Then  the  line  mdted  away.  It  was  a  very  fine  thing  and  typifies 
the  spirit  of  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  When  the  men  have  money  and 
time  to  purchase  commodities,  the  Y  sells  what  they  need  at 
reasonable  rates ;  when  the  moment  of  extremity  comes,  par- 
ticularly at  the  front,  and  our  fighting  men  have  no  chance  to 
buy,  then  the  Y  g^ves  everything  away,  without  question  of  creed 
or  race ;  and  that  is  perhaps  the  noblest  of  all  its  noble  work. 

I  am  finishing  this  article  in  the  refined  security  of  a  Paris 
hotel  looking  out  across  the  beautiful  Tuileries  gardens — 
thanks  to  the  brilliant  counter-offensive  of  the  united  Allied 
forces.  For  the  first  time  in  many  da3rs  I  have  changed  my 
clothes,  washed  my  body,  and  slept  upon  a  bed.  As  I  look  back 
I  ask  myself  what  impressed  me  most,  what  seemed  the  gp^atest 
thing  I  had  seen  in  ail  the  phases  of  the  terrific  battle ;  and  I 
answer  without  hesitation,  the  unselfishness  and  valor  of  the 
Y.  M.  C.  A.  men.  They  were  either  too  old  to  fight  or  were 
physically  incapacitated,  yet  they  had  crossed  the  ocean  to 
huce  the  hazards  of  war  out  of  sheer  love  for  the  imperiled 
cause  or  for  the  cheer  and  comfort  of  the  fighting  men  of  our 
Army ;  they  asked  for  no  financial  returns  and  looked  for  no 
badges  of  glory ;  but  wherever  the  danger  was  the  greatest  or 
the  opportimity  for  service  the  most  obvious  I  found  them — 
bankers,  stock-brokers,  preachers,  university  professors,  mano. 
factorers,    professional    men — working   cheerfully,   radiantly, 

gtrsistently,  and  seeking  neither  pnuse  nor  reward.  It  was  tiie 
loria  in  Exoelsis  of  humanity.  There  may  be  defects  in  the 
administration  of  the  Y.  M.  C.  A. ;  it  may  rest  upon  a  narrow 
theological  foundaticm,  and  may  make  unreasonable*  exclusions 
at  home.;  it  may  admit  small  men  now  and  then  to  its  personnel ; 
but  at  the  battle-front,  wliere  our  soldiers  are  fifjliting  and  dying 
for  all  that  our  hearts  hold  dear,  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  is  a  blazing, 
glorious,  unmistakable  evidence  of  the  presence  of  God. 


DTOORAFH  Sr  *.  H.  OURMtr,  AMtltlGAN  r. 


*■         AT  CUATEAU  TUlBRRT  AFTEB  THE  OERUADS  WERE  DRIVEN  OITT 
liu  U  joat  a  part  of  the  liDe  waiting  tli«ir  turn  to  get  up  to  the  counter  of  the  canteen  which  the  T.  M.  C.  A.  opened  in  a  chfttenu  in  CliSleau  Thierry  within  twent^- 
mr  boon  aftertbe  entrance  of  the  Krauco-Araerican  troups.    The  line  wiw  unbmkHD  frum  9:M  in  the  morning  until  H  iit  nii;lit.  wiili  an  buur  out  (ur  "  eau."    Thia 

waa  on*  of  the  Tery  few  bouiea  left  intact  in  Chiteao  Tbietry,  but  ita  cuntenta  hud  bveu  di»truyed  .  ^-^  T  ^^ 

Digitized  by  y<JVJ\Jbi.  l^ 


MAKING  THE  MAIMED  WHOLE 

WHAT  OUR  WOUNDED    SOLDIERS    CAN   LEARN    FROM    DISABLED    MI 
WHO   HAVE    BEEN    EDUCATED    FOR    EFFICIENCY 

Hospital  ships  are  beginning  to  bring  back  to  us  the  victims  of  the  war — men  who  have  been  glassed,  men  who  have  lost  arms  or  le; 
who  have  become  blind,  or  who  in  other  ways  have  suffered  disabilities  which  will  make  them  temporarily  at  least  nnable  to  engage 
oseful  work.  To  enable  these  men  to  become  again  nseful  members  of  society,  self-supporting  and  self-respecting,  is  one  of  the  g^reate 
gations  resting  on  the  people  of  this  country,  for  whose  sake  these  courageous  men  have  suffered  disablement  and  mutilation.  The  fo 
accponts  of  men,  some  of  them  civilians  and  some  soldiers,  who  have  "  made  good  "  in  the  face  of  dire  misfortune  ought  to  prove  it 
both  to  otir  wounded  men  who  may  chance  to  read  them  and  to  the  educators  whose  work  may  concern  itself  with  the  restoration 
crippled  men  who  are  certain  to  come  under  their  care  in  ever-increasing  numbers.  In  the  first  article  Mr.  Lacy  Simms,  Superinten 
Schools  in  Otero  County,  New  Mexico,  tells  how  he  became  self-supporting  and  the  support  of  a  family  of  seven,  though  handieapp 
the  loss  of  both  hands.  In  the  second  article  Mr.  F.  H.  Potter  tells  of  Italian  work  for  mutilated  soldiers,  giving  some  striking  exan 
men  who  have  done  fine  things  as  a  result  of  their  new  training.  In  the  third  article  Mr.  James  J.  Wilson  tells  his  own  story  of  b« 
his  life  over  ag^ain  after  an  accident,  his  remarkable  account  being  vouched  for  by  Dr.  R.  L.  Cameron,  chief  surgeon  of  the  Republic 
Company  of  Youngstown,  Ohio,  with  which  company  the  young  man  was  employed  at  the  time  of  the  accident. — Thk  Editobs. 


USEFUL  AS  OTHER  MEN  ARE 

BY  LACY   SIMMS 

COUimr  SUPERINTENDENT  OF  SCHOOLS,  NEW  MEXICO 


» 


AT  the  age  of  six  I  lost  both  hands  by  having  them 
mangled  m  a  cotton  gin.  They  were  amputated  immedi- 
ately, about  half-way  between  the  wrist  joint  and  the 
elbow.  Before  the  arms  healed  and  the  stitches  were  removed 
I  had  already  learned  to  use  my  feet  well  enough  to  play  mar- 
bles and  to  put  my  hat  on  and  off  with  them.  When  I  wanted 
to  do  a  thing,  I  never  failed  to  try  to  do  that  thing  at  onoe, 
and  in  most  things  I  have  finally  succeeded,  and  am  still  learn- 
ing to  do  things  at  the  age  of  thirty-one. 

As  soon  as  my  arms  healed  I  b^an  to  use  them  at  once, 
learning  rapidly  from  the  start  to  do  most  of  the  things  I  wanted 
to  do,  and  I  soon  forgot  I  didn't  have  hands,  until  one  day,  at 
the  ace  of  thirteen,  because  of  the  curiosity  of  other  people, 
I  held  my  arms  in  front  of  a  mirror,  and  then,  apparently 
for  the  first  time,  realized  that  I  was  different  from  ottiers. 

For  some  reason,  I  was,  permitted,  while  quite  young,  to 
visit  away  from  home  a  great  deal,  and  this  ixxk  me  awav 
from  the  home  folk,  who  were  inclined  to  help  me  too  much 

nibly,  and  threw  me  on  my  own  responsibility  and  resources. 
1  trace  many  of  my  attempts  and  successes  to  this.  "  Neces- 
sity is  the  mother  of  invention  "  and  "  Where  ihen  is  a  will 
there  is  a  way  "  are  possibly  the  world's  greatest  success  axioms. 

I  started  to  school  at  the  age  of  eight,  did  just  what  the  otiier 
children  did  at  games  and  in  books,  and  soon  learned  to  write 
with  the  pen  or  pencil  held  between  two  stubs  (arms)  and  with 
no  other  help. 

The  necessity  for  further  self-dependence  increased  when 
I  was  sent  away  to  a  boarding-school  at  the  i^e  of  fourteen. 
After  three  years  there  I  came  home  and  taught  school  in  an 
adjoining  neighborhood. 

After  one  year  of  teaching  I  finished  two  more  years  of 
academic  work,  and  took  a  course  in  bookkeeping  and  other 
commercial  studies,  including  shorthand,  but  no  typewriting. 
Later  I  kept  my  father's  medical  accounts. 

Some  months  after  this  my  father,  a- practicing  physician  and 
surgeon  in  eastern  Texas,  lost  his  health,  and  our  family  came 
to  New  Mexico  in  1905.  Since  that  time  I  have  taught  in  the 
public  schools,  done  general  work  on  a  farm  ranch,  gardening, 
pruning  trees,  and  irrigating.  Hav&  carried  the  mail  for  Uncle 
Sam  on  horseback,  and  finally  became  county  superintendent 
of  schools  in  1909  for  three  years,  having  been  the  main  sup- 
port of  the  family  of  seven  for  seven  years. 

Having  realized  my  need  for  further  education,  at  the  end  of 
my  first  term  as  county  superintendent  I  refused  to  be  a  can- 
didate again,  took  what  money  I  had,  borrowed  $800  more, 
went  to  Oberlin  College,  Oberlin,  Ohio,  and  graduated  from 
the  four-year  A.  B.  course  in  three  and  one-half  years,  major- 
ing in  sociology,  with  a  minor  in  education.  In  college  I  worked 

64 


for  part  of  my  expenses  by  mowing  lawna,  anlimtitig  dxi 
ing,  selling  books,  etc.  It  wasn't  easy  to  maintain  mj 
8(£ool  and  keep  a  $6,000  endowment  insurance  pud  u] 


LACT  sums,  COUNTT  SUPERINTENDENT  OF  SCHOOI^  WORKINO 
TTPEWRITER 

now,  three  years  or  less  since  graduation,  I  have  re 
borrowed  money  and  have  increased  my  insurance. 

During  the  first  year  after  graduation  I  served  aa  < 
ment  secretary  and  educational  director  of  the  Akroi 
Y.  M.  C.  A.    I  resigned  from  the  work  voluntarily    1 


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55 


with  more  preparation  and  wider  experience,  I  felt  that  I  could 
return  to  my  home  cotmty  and  get  our  ruial  schools  out  of  a 
rut.  Thus  I  am  a^in  county  superintendent  of  schools. 

If  there  should  ever  be  any  reason  why  I  should  not  do 
educational  work,  1  know  that  I  could  make  my  living  as  a 

Srdener  or  florist,  or,  with  capital,  could  become  a  successfid 
nner. 

These  are  a  few  of  the  things  I  can  do  when  necessary  or  do 
all  the  time : 

Thread  a  needle,  sew  on  buttons,  pick  up  a  pin*  or  a  dime 
from  the  floor,  take  my  purse  from  my  pocket  and  make  change, 
go  to  market  and  bring  as  many  bundles  as  the  next  one,  work 
the  combination  on  the  lock  box  at  the  post  office,  play  the 
piano,  use  the  typewriter  (slowly),  dress  myself  completely, 
lacing  and  buttoning  my  shoes,  buttoning  all  buttons  except 
my  collar  button,  imdress  with  no  help  at  all,  eat  with  no  help, 
using  all  eating  utensils,  blaclc  my  shoes,  shave  mj'self  with 
safety  or  ordinary  razor,  sweep  the  floor,  build  a  fire,  press 
clothes,  and,  in  short,  I  have  done  and  do  the  usual  things  of 
life,  even  to  marrying  a  wife. 

I  have  never  before  been  persuaded  to  write  or  tell  even  a 
few  of  the  things  I  have  here  Mrritten,  and  do  it  now  only  in 
the  hope  that  the  information  or  suggestions  may  help  restore 
men  to  usefulness  during  and  after  the  war. 

I  am  in  hopes,  too,  that  I  may  be  able  to  be  of  further  ser- 
vice to  our  handicappe<1  men,  since  I  cannot  g^  into  the  trenches. 
(But  this  reminds  me  to  say  that  I  hunt  with  rifle  or  shotg^m. 
Last  season  I  killed  two  wild  turkeys  with  a  .22  rifle.) 


In  addition  to  my  genera/  interest  in  re-education  and  reha- 
bilitation, let  me  say  that  I  have  two  brothers  in  the  war,  one  in 
France  in  ambulance  work  and  the  other  on  a  destroyer,  either 
one  of  whom  may  need  just  such  help  in  case  he  is  wounded. 

I  would  like  to  say,  in  conclusion,  that  the  psychological  ele- 
ment' has  been  the  deciding  favorable  condition  in  my  life. 
Whether  this  mental  attitude,,  which  I  have  always  had,  is  due 
more  largely  to  things  inborn  or  to  the  mental  environment 
which  my  parents  kept  me  in  is  hard  to  say. 

I  have  never  had  any  doubt  but  that  1  could  be  useful  to 
the  world  and  achieve  a  fair  degree  of  what  is  called  success. 
This  is  due,  no  doubt,  in  some  measure  to  the  fact  that,  in 
all  my  parents'  planning  for  me  and  my  future,  they  planned 
for  my  success,  and  never  in  my  presence,  or  otherwise,  I 
think,  expressed  any  doubt  that  I  would  be  useful  as  o^er 
men  are. 

Believing  in  the  importance  of  the  belief  of  others  in  me,  and 
the  consequent  self-confidence  so  derived,  I  hold  that  the  verr 
first  step  m  the  rehabilitation  of  disabled  soldiers  is  psychologi- 
cal— to  drive  out  the  '^  I-am-ruined,  I-am-helpless,  What-in-tne 
world-will-I-do  "  idea.  This  must  be  supplanted  with  "  OtJiers 
have  done.  Others  are  doing,  I  shall,  do." 

Some  may  not  need  to  get  a  new  psycholiw^cal  attitude,  and 
for  such,  opportunity,  together  with  mechanical  helps,  perhaps, 
will  be  all  they  will  need.  For  such,  no  doubt,  it  will  be  suffi- 
cient that  each  one  shoidd  know  just  what  hundreds  and  thou- 
sands similarly  disabled  are  doing.  Then  Uiey  will  attempt,  and 
with  perseverance  will  succeed. 


I  MUTILATI 

BY   FRANK    HUNTER    POTTER 


HE  had  been  blinded  at  the  taking  of  Oorizia^  and  the 
Italian  King,  Victor  EnAnanuel  III,  stood  by  his  bedside 
holding  his  liand. 

"Neither  I  nor  the  country  will  ever  forget  the  sacrifice 
which  you  have  made." 

"  Ah,  Sire,"  replied  the  soldier,  turning  his  sightless  face  to 
the  King  with  a  smile,  "  my  blindness  does  not  make  me  so 
unhappy  as  you  might  think,  for  my  eyes  are  still  filled  with 
a  great  light  which  will  never  fade,  because  of  the  last  thing 
wUch  they  saw — the  Austrians  running  away." 

How  much  do  most  Americans  know  about  Italians,  any- 
how ?  We  see  them  coming  and  going  from  their  work,  with 
their  picks  and  shovels  over  their  shoulders.  Few  of  us  can 
speak  even  a  few  words  of  their  language,  so  we  are  utterly 
unable  to  know  what  they  are  thinking  or  how  they  feel ;  and 
we  call  them  "  Wops  "  and  "  Dagoes  "  and  "  Guineas,"  and  let 
it  go  at  that.  We  complain  that  they  have  a  Camorra,  a  Mafia, 
a  Black  Hand.  The  Camorra  is  simply  the  Tammany  Hall  of 
Naples,  though  it  plays  for  smaller  stakes.  The  Black  Hand  is 
nothing  but  a  band  of  Italian  criminals,  like  our  gunmen.  The 
name  is  not  even  Italian ;  it  was  invented  by  a  New  York 
journalist.  The  Mafia  is  a  great  secret  society  which  extends 
over  the  whole  of  Sicily.  Marion  Crawford,  who  studied  Sicily 
profoundly,  believed  it  to  be  the  descendant  of  one  of  the  secret 
societies  formed  by  the  Greeks  after  the  Roman  conquest  to 
keep  alive  the  feeling  of  Greek  uationalitv  and  loyalty. 

How  many  of  us  know  of  the  debt  which  we  owe  to  Italy — 
no  less  a  thing  than  the  victory  of  the  Mame  ?  Italy  had  been 
the  ally  of  Germany  and  Austria,  and  in  1914  France  had  to 
fear  an  attack  on  her  southern  lx)rder.  It  was  not  till  Italy  had 
assured  France  that  she  would  at  least  remain  neutral  that 
Joffre  dared  to  withdraw  from  the  Italian  frontier  trooijs 
enough  to  enable  him  to  win  the  battle  of  the  Mame.  If  it  had 
not  been  for  this  assurance,  the  German  campaign  would  have 
proceeded  as  per  schedule,  and  what  might  nave  happened  ia 
too  horrible  to  contemplate. 

Do  we  know  that  the  refugees  from  the  provinces  occupied 
by  the  Austrians  and  the  people  who  stayed  behind  in  them 
have  snffereil  as  much  as  the  Belgians  and  the  inhabitants  of 
northern  France?  It  is  a  delusion  to  think  that  the  Anstrians 
are  less  cruel  than  the  Germans ;  the  history  of  Italy  for  the 


last  hundred  years  proves  that  if  the  German  is  a  brute  the 
Austrian  is  a  brute  too,  and  a  meaner  one  than  the  German. 

The  poor  refugees  and  the  inhabitants  of  the  occupied  dis- 
tricts have  had  no  one  to  make  the  eloquent  appeals  for  them 
which  were  made  for  Belgium  and  France.  Italy  herself  has 
gone  on  caring  for  them,  and,  though  she  is  not  a  rich  country, 
she  has  shouldered  the  burden  in  silence,  heavy  as  it  is. 

How  many  of  us  know  that  the  Italian  is  the  most  responsive 
human  being  in  the  world  ?  If  you  don't  believe  this,  the  next 
time  you  meet  an  Italian  laborer  on  the  road  smile  at  him  and 
say,  ^''Btion  giomo."  You  need  not  be  afraid  of  being  misun- 
derstood ;  it  is  the  friendly  custom  of  his  country,  as  it  used  to 
be  in  the  rural  districts  here.  And  I  will  wager  a  subscription 
to  The  Outlook  that  if  you  do  it  as  if  you  meant  it  you  will  get 
back  an  answering  smile  which  will  surprise  yon  by  the  way  it 
changes  that  laborer's  face.  But  it  must  oe  done  as  if  you  meant 
it.  Five  and  twenty  years  ago  Queen  Victoria  used  to  spend  the 
winters  in  Florence.  She  used  to  drive  out  in  a  little  victoria — 
did  it  get  its  name  because  she  loved  it  ? — preceded  by  a  single 
outrider.  As  she  passe<1,  every  one  wotUd  turn  and  raise  his  hat. 
But  the  old  lady  was  not  always  gracious  in  bowing  back,  and 
one  day  two  peasants,  outraged  by  a  particularly  curt  nod,  or 
perhaps  none  at  all,  ran  out  into  the  middle  of  the  road  and 
shook  their  fists  after  the  carriage,  and  one  called  out,  "  You 
ought  to  go  to  our  queen  and  learn  how  to  be  polite  to  poor 
people."  Queen  Margherita's  bow,  even  to  strangers,  was  a 
marvel.  She  would  lean  forward  and  smile,  and  her  face  would 
light  up  as  if  to  say,  "  Why,  where  have  you  been  all  this 
time  ?  It's  80  nice  to  see  you  back." 

You  have  heard  a  lot  about  the  Caporetto  disaster.  Do  you 
know  that  that  was  the  result  of  sheer  ignorance  ?  With  devU- 
ish  ingenuity  the  Austrians  selected  a  section  of  the  line  which 
was  manned  by  elderly  men — second-line  troops — and  showered 
it  with  fake  copies  of  Italian  paiiers  which  said  that  peace  woidd 
soon  be  det^lared ;  and  the  iwor  Italians  believed  it.  So,  when  the 
Austrians  apjiearetl,  crying  out,  "  Peace  has  tiome,"  they  let  them 
into  their  trenches,  and  then  the  Austrians  bayoneted  them. 
There  was  nolnxly  to  imdeceive  tlie  poor  men.  An  Italian  gen- 
eral told  the  iShufaro  (mayor)  of  Rome  that  if  the  American 
Y.  M.  C.  A.  had  been  on  that  front  the  disaster  woid«I  never 
have  hapi)ene<L    Our  men  would  have  "  put  them  wise :"  and 


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THE    OUTLOOK 


11  September 


THIS  MAir,  WHO  HAS  LOST  HIS  FOREARM,  IS  ABLE  TO  GO 
BACK  TO  HIS  WORKSHOP 

that  their  own  officers  did  not  do  so  gave  rise  to  some  very  ugly 
charges  which  it  is  not  necessary  to  repeat  here. 

Do  you  think  that  the  Italians  like  to  be  ignorant?  No, 
indeed.  Let  me  tell  you  the  stories  of  two  soldiers.  One  man,  a 
shepherd,  who  before  the  war  was  not  able  even  to  read,  was 
blinded.  In  the  hospital  they  b^ah  to  educate  him  and  to  train 
him  in  something  wnich  would  enable  him  to  earn  his  living. 
One  day  he  was  overheard  saying  to  a  comrade  that  he  wouM 
rather  have  knowledge  and  inner  vision  than  eyes  blinded  by 
ignorance. 

There  was  another,  a  Sardinian  peasant,  who  had  lost  his  left 
arm  and  1^  and  three  fingers  of  his  right  hand.  It  had  been 
his  dream  from  childhood  to  go  to  school,  but  he  had  never  been 
able  to.  He  said  to  one  of  his  teachers,  "•  The  loss  of  my  arm 
and  1^  has  been  the  best  thing  which  ever  happened  to  me, 
for  in  compensation  I  have  realized  my  dream."  In  a  year  he 
learned  to  read  and  write  and  typewrite,  so  that  he  can  earn  a 
livelihood,  and,  in  addition,  he  has  developed  such  an  inventive 
faculty  that  he  has  been  able  to  devise  an  artificial  hand  for  a 
violinist  who  had  lost  his  own,  and  now  that  man  can  play  in  an 
orchestra  and  earn  his  living  too.  The  Italian  peasant  does  not 


AN  AORICULTUHAL  LABORER  CAN  STILL  WORK,  ALTHOUGH  HE  HAS  LOST 
THE  LOWER  TWO-THIRDS  Of  HIS  ARM 

hug  his  ignorance ;  he  laments  it,  and  is  only  too  grateful  for  a 
chance  to  learn. 

The  Italians  have  developed  wonderful  schools  where  these 
mtUilati  are  taught  useful  occupations.  The  men  learn  cob- 
bling, basket-making,  tjrpewriting,  telegraphing — a  hundred 
different  trades — each  man  that  for  which  ne  is  b^t  fitted.  The 
blind,  in  particular,  invent  new  and  wonderfully  graceful  forms 
of  baskets.  Don't  you  want  to  help  these  m&a  who  face  their 
misfortune  so  galUmtly,  you  who  read  this?  If  you  do,  send 
what  you  can  spare  to  Mr.  Alessandro  Oldrini,  in  care  of  the 
Guaranty  Trust  Company,  613  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York  City, 
for  the  American  Committee  in  Aid  of  the  Italian  Refugees 
and  the  Soldiers  Crippled  in  War,  and  every  dollar  of  it  will  be 
wisely  spent.  Italy  is  doing  what  she  can,  but  she  cannot  do  it  alL 

A  beraagliere  had  lost  one  1^,  but  had  learned  to  ride  a 
bicycle,  and  was  employed  as  a  despatch-bearer.  In  an  Austrian 
attack  he  was  wounded  to  death,  and  as  he  fell  he  raised  him- 
self up,  hurled  the  crutch  which  he  carried  on  his  wheel  in  the 
faces  of  the  approaching  Austrians,  and  fell  back  dead.  Are 
not  such  soldiers  as  this  worth  helping  ?  And  is  it  not  time  for 
us  to  pay  some  of  the  debt  which  we  owe  to  their  country  ? 


THE  WORLD  A  VERY  CHEERFUL  PLACE" 

BY   JAMES   J.   WILSON 


WHILE  employed  by  a  rubber  company  in  the  spring  of 
1916  my  hands  were  caught  in  a  large  roller  and  badly 
crushed.  I  was  taken  to  a  hospital,  and  there  it  was 
found  necessary  to  amputate  the  left  nand  two  inches  above 
the  wrist.  The  right  hand  was  in  a  serious  condition,  but  at  the 
time  of  the  accident  it  was  thought  that  the  hand  might  be 
saved.  In  the  course  of  time  the  hand  became  infected  with 
gangrene,  and  it  was  necessary  to  amputate  the  digits.  After 
the  latter  opei-atiou  the  remaining  palm  gradually  healed,  but 
to  assist  nature  in  her  work  skin-grafting  was  necessary. 


As  the  result  of  the  operation,  I  was  left  with  a  badly  muti- 
lated stump  on  my  right  hand  and  a  stump  on  my  left  arm  with 
which  to  perform  my  daily  duties,  I  might  be  expected  to  be 
discouraged  under  such  circumstances  ;  but,  partly  by  studying 
the  hospital  life  about  me,  and  partly  by  setting  my  mind  on 
some  small  task,  such  as  trying  to  hold  a  pipe  with  my  stumps 
and  succeeding  only  after  many  tiresome  attempts,  I  ceased 
paying  much  attention  to  my  affliction.  Then  I  set  about  over- 
coming the  many  difficulties  before  me.  I  did  this  with  high 
hopes,  and  forgot  to  a  great  extent  that  I  had  met  with  a 


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1918 


THE   OUTLOOK 


57 


Berioos  misfortune.  After  five  months  I  left  the  boepital  and 
began  my  new  life  in  the  world  at  the  age  of  nineteen. 

1  had  many  things  to  learn,  but  as  I  overcame  my  difficulties 
1  found  myself  gaining  skill  and  ooniidenoe.  I  worked  out  a 
system  for  learning  my  many  tasks  by  taking  one  simple  thing 
Bit  a  time  and  working  on  it  until  I  could  do  that  single  opera- 
tion perfectly,  regardless  of  the  time  it  would  take  to  learn  it. 
1  was  baffled  for  nearly  three  months  in  my  attempt  to  fasten 
my  collar,  but  finally,  with  the  aid  of  a  button-hook,  I  mastered 
the  task.  That  was  the  greatest  achievement  in  my  life,  and  I 
shall  never  forget  how  happy  I  was  when  I  could  button  my 
eoUai  as  rapidly  as  I  had  in  the  days  before  the  accident.  Tying 
my  tie  was  another  serious  difficulty,  but  a  month  after  I  had 
learned  to  button  my  collar  I  had  tbe  right  twist  and  turns  for 
the  necktie.  How -happy  I  was  when  I  reached  the  milestones 
in  my  journey  to  independence  I  I  had  a  special  reason  for 
wanting  to  learn  these  things,  for  my  mother  had  promised 
to  send  me  to  a  boarding-school  as  soon  as  I  ooidd  dress 
myself. 

I  now  turned  my  attention  to  eating  and  serving  myselt  at 
the  home  table  and  in  pulolic  restaurants.  I  could  not  hold  a 
knife  or  fork  satisfactonly  until  I  had  a  lucky  thought.  While 
in  the  hospital  I  had  held  my  fork  in  the  folds  of  the  dressing. 
I  recalled  that  idea,  and  now  I  thought  of  utilizing  the  leather 
covering  that  I  had  been  wearing  on  my  right  hand.  I  had  a 
little  pocket  sewed  onto  the  mitten  about  the  width  of  an  ordi- 
nary fork  handle.  This  was  a  decided  improvement  over  the 
use  of  the  hospital  bandage.  I  now  could  cut  meat,  as  the  knife 
was  held  rigid  in  place,  but  the  main  use  of  the  pocket  was  the 
holding  of  a  fork. 

There  were  a  great  many  tasks  I  had  to  learn  to  perform. 
For  instance,  I  had  difficulty  in  taking  money  from  my  pocket- 
book,  until  I  hit  on  the  idea  of  carrying  it  in  a  long  wallet  in 
my  inside  coat  pocket.  Then  I  could  push  the  pocketbook 
upwards  so  that  I  could  reach  it  with  my  teeth.  The  money  may 
be  returned  to  the  pocket  in  the  same  manner — that  is,  by  hold- 
ing it  with  the  teetib  and  drawing  the  coat  and  then  letting  the 
puTse  slide  back  into  the  pocket. 

Another  idea  came  to  me,  and  that  was  a  way  to  use  a  razor. 
I  purchased  a  safety  razor,  taking  care  to  select  one  having  a 
handle  that  would  fit  tight  into  the  pocket  of  the  mitten.  I  now 
can  use  a  safety  razor  as  well  as  if  I  had  hands. 

My  mind  was  now  directed  towards  an  education,  and,  as  I 
was  perfectly  capable  of  taking  care  of  myself,  I  prepared  to 
enter  a  boaiding-school. 

There  was  a  great  problem  on  my  mind  which  seemed  very 
hard  to  solve,  but  after  a  little  study  I  succeeded.  I  wanted  a 
simple  device  with  which  I  could  write  rapidly  and  easily. 

I  experimented  in  many  ways  until  I  thought  of  a  device  that 
has  proved  nearly  perfect.  A  piece  of  aluminum  was  fitted  to  the 
palm  of  my  right  Land,  about  4%  inches  in  length.  Then  it  was 
bent  around  die  end  of  the  stump  so  that  a  swivel  could  be 
attached  which,  when  in  position,  would  be  near  the  top  of 
the  hand.  The  construction  of  the  swivel  was  very  simple.  It 
consisted  of  a  small  rectangular-shaped  piece  of  aluminum, 
about  1%  inches  in  length  and  %  mch  square.  Inside  the 
box  were  two  springs  slightly  oval  in  shape  when  fitted  in 
place.  A  pen  or  pencU  inserted  in  the  box  could  be  held  at 
any  angle.  £ither  pen  or  pencil  could  easily  be  inserted  er 
removed.  I  inserted  the  pen  by  placing  it  on  the  desk  or  by 
holding  it  with  my  teeth.  To  remove  the  pen  I  would  hold 
it  with  my  teeth  and  pull  it  out  in  that  manner. 

Now  that  I  had  a  device  to  use,  the  next  thing  was  to  learn 
to  write  with  it.  That  kept  me  busy  for  some  time,  but  after 
practicing  an  hour  or  more  each  day  for  about  a  month  I  finally 
succeeded.  Although  it  was  very  tedious,  I  found  out  that  the 
time  spent  in  teachmg  myself  to  write  has  paid  me  many  times 
over. 

I  was  encouraged  much  more  after  I  had  learned  to  write. 


and  I  began  to  get  ready  to  enter  schooL  In  order  to  be  effi- 
cient in  all  things  that  were  necessary  to  perform  each  day,  I 
began  to  practice  everything  that  was  of  importance  to  me.   I 


JAMES  J.   WILSON   AFTER  THE   ACCIDENT 

tied  my  tie  several  times  each  day.  I  also  wrote  an  hour  or 
two  more  than  I  had  been  in  the  habit  of  doing.  In  fact,  I 
did  everything  that  would  aid  me  when  I  was  dependent  on 
myself. 

In  September,  1917,  at  the  age  of  twen^,  I  entered  Phillips 
Academy,  Andover,  Massachusetts,  where  I  have  been  studying 
entirely  alone  and  without  assistance,  except  that  I  have  my  meat 
cut  in  the  school  dining- halL  I  also  do  the  work  that  is  required 
of  a  student  taking  the  reg^ular  Latin  course.  I  am  in  no  way 
troubled  about  writing,  and  it  gives  me  a  great  deal  of  pleasure 
to  be  able  to  keep  up  with  the  other  students. 

As  a  result  of  my  experience,  I  wish  to  send  words  of  cheer 
to  all  who  find  themselves  placed  in  a  similar  position,  whether 
from  injuries  received  in  battle  or  in  an  industrial  plant.  It  is 
a  great  misfortune  to  be  deprived  of  limbs  or  eyes,  but  if  every 
person  thus  handicapped  will  think  only  of  the  opportunities, 
and  not  of  his  handicap,  and  most  of  all  keep  up  his  courage  by 
constantly  training  himself  for  the  duties  of  life,  he  will  before 
long  find  that  he  is  independent  and  self-supporting.  Now  that 
I  have  learned  what  I  can  do  for  myself,  I  am  anxious  to  help 
others  who  are  still  held  back  by  their  infirmities. 

If  any  one  wishes  such  information  as  I  can  give,  I  shall  be 
very  glad  indeed  to  answer  any  questions.  At  first  the  tasks 
seem  very  difEcult,  but  after  a  short  time  they  gradually  grow 
easier  until  no  effort  is  required  to  perform  them.  If  those  who 
have  met  with  misfortune  will  think  of  the  world  as  a  very 
cheerful  place,  they  will  soon  find  it  so,  and  wiU  pay  very  little 
attention  to  their  handicaps. 

Vonngstown,  Uhio. 


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T¥ING  HISTORY  TO  LIFE 


BY   J.   MADISON   GATHANY,   A.M. 

HOPE  STREET  HIGH  SCHOOL.  PROVIDENCE.  R.  I. 


F)R  every  effort  there  laust  be' some  incentiye.  Part  of 
the  business  of  the  teacher,  the  parent,  any  one,  in  fact, 
who  has  responsibility  for  the  management  of  children  or 
young  people,  is  to  provide  pr6]per  incentive  for  learning.  If  the 
mcentives  are  simply  temporary — such  as  the  desire  to  avoid 
immediate  trouble  or  puniMunent  or  humiliation — the  quality 
of  the  work  that  the  boy  or  ?irl  does  will  be  different  from 
that  which  is  done  under  anoUter  kind  of  incentive.  The  tech- 
nical term  used  by  teacbera  td  designate  the  art  of  supplying 
the  right  kind  of  incentive  tJr  motive  for  study  is  "  motivation. ' 

WHAT  ViOTIVATION  18 
If  I  understand  the  term  properly,  motivation  may  be  said 
to  mean  the  making  of  school  work  significant  to  those  who 
attend  schooL  It  is  the  putting  of  content,  meaning,  and 
value  for  students  into  the  school  work  done  by  students.  Mo- 
tivation has  to  do  with  the  articulating  of  subject-matter  to  the 
experiences,  the  questions,  the  desires,  of  those  studying.  In 
motivation  the  pupil,  his  attitude,  his  interests,  his  motives,  his 
problems,  and  his  usefulness  in  society  are  the  primary  consid- 
erations. The  pupil's  work  is  motivated  whenever  he  sees  a  real 
use  in  it,  whenever  it  satisfies  some  need  he  feels.  In  motivating 
schmH  worfc-it  is  the  teacher^  tmsiness  to  supply  desirable  and 
adequate  motives.  And  moth«ns  more  tiian  mcentive  and  more 
than  interest,  though  there  can  be  no  motive  without  incentive 
and  interest.  Motive  impels  the  pupil  to  self-expression  and 
self-realization.  Motivated  '  school  work  allows  no  quarter  to 
meaningless  reciting.  Motivated  work  never  crushes  the  pupil, 
never  discourages  fim,  &n4  never  drives  him  out  of  school.  And 
the  teacher  who  believes  in  motivated  work  consciously  teaches 
his  subject  in  terms  of  its  value  to  the  individual  taught  and  in 
terms  of  its  value  to  society.  Non-motivated  work  is  useless 
work.  More  than  that,  it  is  highly  damaging  to  both  teacher 
and  pupil.  It  prevents  the  teacher  from  booming  his  best  and 
leads  the  pupil  into  habits  of  inattention  and  dishonesty,  and 
to  an  utter  dislike  of  school  work.  The  arch-enemy  of  motivated 
work  is  the  smug  satisfaction  and  the  smug  complacency  of 
teachers  and  of  school  oflicials  concerning  the  value  of  work 
done  according  to  traditiolial,  academic,  and  formal  methods. 
And  it  is  only  logical  to  add  that  no  one  can  truly  lay  claim  to 
being  an  educator  or  a  first-class  teacher  who  does  not  possess 
the  experimental  attitude  and  who  does  not  actually  experiment. 

WAYS  OP  LOOKK^Q.  AT  MOTIVATION 
There  are  many  different  ways  of  looking  at  the  motivating 
of  work  in  history.  It  would  be  quite  proper  to  say  that  history 
study  is  motivated  if  the  pupil  is  led  to  see  that  he  should  study 
history  so  that  he  may  stand  at  the  head  of  his  class  in  scholar- 
ship, that  he  may  win  a  prise,  that  he  may  hold  public  office, 
that  he  may  become  a  better  conversationalist,  that  he  may  be 
known  as  the  best-informed  person  in  town  in  history,  that  he 
may  enter  college  more  easily.  His  study  is  motivated,  too,  if 
he  becomes  interested  in  the  study  of  history  just  because  it  is 
history. 

But,  for  my  part,  I  have  no  desire  to  discuss  motivation  in 
the  study  of  histo^  on  any  such  grounds,  no  matter  how  worthy 
such  grounds  are  in  the  opinion  of  others.  To  me  such  motives 
are  entirely  miworthy  the  study  of  history.  They  are  ephemeral. 
They  are  not  significant  enough.  They  stand  for  too  little.  And 
they  can't  make  of  the  young  citizen  what  ought  to  be  and  can 
be  made  of  him  for  a  democracy. 

THE  HISTOBT  CLASS  A  DEMOCRATIZATION  FACTORY 
If  the  teacher  of  history  is  to  make  the  teaching  of  history 
perform  its  true  function  and  truly  motivate  the  study  of  his- 
tory, he  should  consider  hisihfstory  class-room  a  democratization 
fac^tory.  By  this  I  mean  that  he  will  render  his  pupils  demo- 
cratic. And  this,  in  turn,  means  that  the  pupil  is  letl  to  appreci- 
ate how  democracy  has  come  to  be,  what  it  now  is,  what  its 
fundamental  problems  are,  what  his  personal  relation  thereto  is, 
and  what  his  function  therein  is.    And  withal  this  means  that 

es 


the  study  of  history  is  not  truly  motivated  unless  and  until  thi 
pupil  by  such  study  has  been  developed  into  a  thinker  and  no^ 
mto  a  mere  believer. 

BASES  OP  THIS  CONCEPTION   OP  MOTTVATINQ  THE  8T0DT  Ol 

HISTORY 

But  such  a  conception  of  motivating  the  study  of  hiator 
depends  upon  the  teacher's  conception  of  the  meaning  of  educa 
tion,  his  conception  of  history  itself,  and  his  conception  of  wh; 
and  how  history  should  be  taught. 

THE  MEANING  OF  EDUCATION 
The  history  teacher's  conception  of  education  must  b 
freighted  with  meaning  for  surpassing  the  idea  that  it  is  "  nice 
to  be  "  educated,"  that  it  is  the  tmng  that  is  expected  to  b 
done,  that  pupils  will  have  a  better  standing  in  "  society  "  i 
they  are  educated.  No.  The  history  teacher  will  view  educ; 
tion  as  the  key  to  Rationed  development,  as  the  channel  throng 
which  to  instill  in  young  citizens  a  National  spirit,  as  the  mean 
by  which  the  needs  of  the  pupil  are  linked  up  with  the  need 
of  the  community,  as  the  avenue  by  which  pupils  becom 
acquainted  with  cil^.  State,  and  National  ideals  and  activitie 
as  the  opportunity  to  build  up  within  the  young  American 
higher  and  a  more  useful  ideal  of  citizenship. 

CONCEPTION   OP  THE  PUPIL 

Truly  motivated  history  study — motivated  as  I  havesnggested- 
also  depends  upon  the  teacher's  conception  of  those  to  whom  I 
teaches  history.  If  history  study  is  to  be  motivated  in  the  ii 
terest  of  both  the  pupil  and  democracy,  those  taught  must  n( 
be  regarded  as  sand  pails,  as  empty  vessels,  to  be  mechanical] 
filled  with  facts,  as  spectators  acquiring  mere  information  an 
knowledge.  Nor  can  tne  teacher  r^^ard  nimself  as  an  appointe 
purveyor  of  information  and  facts.  He  will  r^ard  his  pupi 
as  human  beings  who  are  in  the  school  for  fruiaul  experience 
He  will  think  of  them,  not  now  and  then,  but  all  the  time,  i 
citizens  in  a  democracy,  citizens  capable  of  thinking  for  thet 
selves,  capable  of  appreciating  public  activities,  capable  i 
understanding  social  problems  and  politics.  He  will  look  upc 
his  pupils  as  adolescents  who  are  in  the  period  of  hero  worsh' 
and  of  the  formation  of  ideals,  a  period  in  which  there  is  unlii 
ited  opportunity  for  developing  guiding  habits  of  life,  intelle 
tnal,  moral,  and  social  He  will  consider  them,  not  as  bits  of  i 
educational  machine  which  starts  up  late  in  the  morning  ai 
stops  early  in  the  afternoon,  but  as  a  group  of  human  uni 
who  are  to  help  shape  America's  future. 

CONCEPTION   OF   HISTORY 

For  truly  motivated  work  the  teacher's  conception  of  histoi 
must  be  that  history  is  not  merely  the  record  of  man's  lii 
That  view  of  history  is  the  traditional,  the  oonvfentional  view 
it,  and  makes  history yb/vn  and  not  content.  It  lines  out  histoi 
as  events,  dates,  facts,  and  statistics  that  hat^e  been,  as  data 
be  mastered  in  intellectual  ways,  as  subject-matter  to  be  V( 
bally  learned  and  learned  in  a  given  chronological  order, 
matter  to  be  studied  for  its  own  sake,  as  "  pages  "  of  a  reco 
mechanically  assigned.  History  is  not  merely  ^e  record  of  h< 
batties  were  fought,  of  how  kings  succeeded  kings,  of  how  1 
tions  met  nations,  of  how  races  fought  races.  History  is  n 
merely  the  record  of  man.  It  is  more  than  that.  It  is  the  /i 
of  man.  History  is  a  forceful,  active,  living  thing,  not  an  aoc 
mulation  of  results  or  a  nuuss  of  information  Vhich  possil 
may  be  of  use  at  some  future  time.  History  is  dynamic.  Historj 
the  problems  of  mankind.  History  is  the  struggle  of  ideals,  t 
struggle  which  prodlices  a  higher  and  ever  higher  civilizatic 
History  is  the  evolution  of  democracy — democracy  that  is  env 
oping  the  globe.  History  is  how  people  have  lived,  toiled,  aj 
struggled;  is  what  people  have  thought  and  think  about  relig^c 
God,  science,  and  human  relations.  History  is  the  pages  of  li 
not  the  pages  of  a  book.  History  is  the  erperience  of  individu 
and  nations.  History  is  ideas  and  ideals  that  persist.  History 
the  present.  The  present  war  is  history.   The  struggle  betwe 

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tlie  nulwaya  and  o^anized  labor  is  history.  So  is  die  Rus- 
sian Revolution  of  1917.  These  and  the  like  should  be  studied 
now — now  when  they  are  trying  men's  souls,  now  when  they 
are  matters  of  public  and  private  discussion,  now  when  they  are 
determining  the  attitude  of  men  and  women  toward  public 
duty,  public  morality,  and  public  honor.  Current  history  should 
be  considered  histoid  just  as  truly  as  past  .history  should  be 
considered  history.  Current  history  is  making  future  histonr 
just  as  truly  as  past  history  has  made  current  hiatonr.  Such 
la  the  conception  of  history  for  which  the  teacher  of  history 
ought  and  most  fight  if  the  teaching  of  history  is  to  be  moti- 
vated in  the  interest  of  the  social  and  the  political  needs  of  a 
democracy,  which  needs  are  pairamount  to  any  and  all  other 
needs. 

WHY  HI8TOKT  SHOULD  BE  TAUGHT 
AVTiy  should  history  be  taught  ?  That  the  mind  may  be 
developed,  not  that  the  brain  may  be  stuffed.  Why?  That 
the  pupil  may  become  a  thinking,  participating  unit  in  society. 
Wliy?  That  conditions,  institutions,  life,  and  issues  may  be 
significant.  Why  ?  That  the  pupil  may  have  a  sense  of  civic 
and  moral  responsibility.  Taught  that  the  pupil  may  see  that 
the  struggle  of  the  Gracchi  is  always  with  us,  that  the  Renais- 
sance is  iuways  with  us,  that  the  English  Revolution  of  1688  is 
always  with  us,  that  the  American  Revolution  is  always  with  us, 
that  the  French  Revolution  is  always  with  us,  that  the  Civil  War 
is  always  with  us,  and  that  the  Russian  Revolution  of  1917  will 
always  be  with  us  and  with  posterity.  This  is  why  history  should 
be  taught.  For  it  should  be  remembered  that  the  great  princi- 
ples back  of  these  and  other  great  strt^^les  of  history  are  the 
principles  for  which  men  have  lived  and  died,  that  for  these  same 
principles  men  now  live  anddie,  and  that  for  these  same  principles 
men  will  ever  live  and  die.  History,  real  history,  knows  no  past 
tense.  The  only  things  that  have  a  past  tense  are  the  thm|^ 
which  history  has  dismrded.  Thus  conceived,  history  study  will 
be  organized  around  problems,  because  the  teacher  and  the 
pupil  vrill  consider  all  true  history  as  problems.  For  the  teacher 
of  history  who  carefully  observes  takes  note  that  topics  which  are 
worth  studying  can  and  will  be  traced  right  back  to  real  social 
problems,  and  that  the  problems  of  the  past  are  essentially  the 
problems  of  the  present.  Modem  history  is  fimdamentally 
ancient  history  in  modem  dress,  in  modem  surroundings.  The 
problems  of  the  ancients  are  our  problems.  The  great  issues  of 
society  are  alwa3rs  substantially  the  same.  They  are,  generally 
speakmg,  questions  of  making  a  living,  of  privilege  and  oppor- 
tunity, questions  of  finance,  of  faith,  of  bebef,  questions  of  who 
shall  take  part  in  government,  and  of  how  those  who  hold  public 
office  can  be  held  responsible.  History  should  be  taught  that 
the  vital  questions  of  tiie  present  may  be  studied  in  the  light  of 
the  past  without  imposing  authoritative  views  or  conclusions  on 
the  minds  of  those  studying.  The  study  of  history  thus  con- 
ceived is  vitalizing,  purposeful,  and  significant  to  the  pupil,  and 
does  no  less  for  this  teacher  than  for  we  pupiL 

WATS  OF  MOTIVATING  THE  8TUDT  OF  HI8TOBT 
With  such  a  conception  of  education,  of  the  pupil,  of  history, 
and  of  why  history  should  be  taught  as  I  have  suggested,  how 
oan  the  teacher  bring  about  thoroughly  motivated  work  in  the 
study  of  history  ?  Can  he  bring  the  pupU  to  an  appreciation  of 
wliat  democracy  is  and  of  what  it  should  mean  to  live  in  and 
l)e  a  part  of  deinot^racy  ?  _  Can  the  teacher  lead  the  pupil  to  real- 
ize through  the  study  oi  history  the  value  to  him  of  becoming 
a  thinker  and  not  merely  a  believer  ?  He  can.  But  how  ?  There 
are  several  ways,  among  others : 

MOTIVATION  THBOUGH  BEVELATION 
Trace  with  the  dass  how  the  great  central  features  of  our 
present  civihzation  have  come  to  be  what  they  are.  Trace  with 
care  the  growth  of  independent,  compact,  and  powerful  states 
without  which  no  substantial  progress  could  ever  be  made. 
Trace  the  process  of  the  breaking  down  of  barriers  which  once 
separated  classes  of  men.  Trace  the  gradual  almlition  of  privi- 
lege. Trace  the  extension'of  itolitiital  power  to  the  common  man. 
Trace  the  CHtablishment  of  e(]ualitv  l)efore  the  law.  Trace  the 
evolution  of  popular  etliutatioii.  Trace  the  emancipating  of  re- 
ligious thouglit.  Tra(;e  tlie  function  of  science  in  human  affairs. 
Trace  the  effect  of  the  application  of  steam  jwwer  and  eltx^tric 
power  to  machinery.   Trace  the  status  of  woman  in  the  various 


stages  of  hum^n  ftrogr^.?  Trace  these  and  similar  historical 
forces  in  their  origin  and  development  and  see  the  light  break 
in  upon  the  mind  of  the  youth.  See  how  the  study  of  history 
burins  to  be  significant  to  him.  See  the  desire  arise  in  him  to 
search  further,  to  know  more.  See  him  begin  to  realize  the 
terrible  cost  of  our  present  liberties  in  time,  m  effort,  in  strug- 
gle, and  in  bloodshed.  See  him  also  becoming  a  thinker  and 
not  a  mere  believer.  ■  ti.  >.;- 

MOTIVATION  THB<j>VQH  COMPARISON 
In  history  teaching  definite  <. comparisons  should  be  made 
from  the  fiirst  lesson  to  the  last  lesson.  Comparisons  reveal 
points  of  likeness  and  of  differotoe.  The  securing  of  public 
positions,  the  process  of  legislatitm,  the  relation  ra  the  indi- 
vidual to  government,  the  responsibility  of  public  officials,  the 
variety  and  management  of  industries,  the  sources  of  wealth, 
the  kmds'  and  the  value  of  money,  the  manner  of  living,  the 
kind  of  dress,  educational  opportunities,  the  status  of  science, 
tiie  status  of  woman,  and  the  morals  and  the  ideals  of  the  peoples 
of  the  past  should  always  be  compared  with  those  very  things 
in  our  own  day.  By  such  comparisons  the  pupil  himself  will  see 
aud  realize  the  long  route  traveled  over  to  attain  our  present 
multiplex  civilization.  By  this  method  the  real  value  of  onr 
civilization  and  the  pupil  s  relation  thereto  will  be  revealed  to 
and  realized  by  the  pupil. 

MOTIVATION  THf(OUOH  WORD  STUDY 
If  I  judge  correctiy,  teachers,  generally  take  it  for  granted 
that  pupils  who  recite  well  understand  the  vocabulary  used,  and 
if  no  questions  as  to  the  mewung  of  words  and  expressions 
used  by  the  author  arise,  vt  conclude  that  pupils  know  fairly 
well  the  meaning  of  the  author's  terms.  Investigation  on  the 
part  of  any  teacher  will  reveal  the  astonishing  fact  that  the 
core  words  of  practically  every  lesson  are  understood  by  almost 
no  one  in  the  class.  An  accurate,  ^owledge  of  the  meaning  of 
words  is  essential  to  significant  study,  clear  thuikin?,  and  correct 
expression.  "  Any  teacher  knows  that,"  you  say.  If  so,  why  do 
almost  all  teachers,  with  the  possible  exception  of  teachers  of 
English,  almost  wholly,  if  not  entirely,  neglect  word  study? 
Much  should  be  made  of  word  i^tudy  if  tbe  pupil's  work  is  to  be 
motivated  effectively.  • 

The  teacher  of  history  is  certain  to  find  that  almost  no  pupil 
in  any  of  his  classes  can  give  an  accurate  definition  of  such 
terms  as  history,  government,  constitution,  law,  democracy, 
citizen,  subject,  bill,  civilization,  4,^Poti8m,  political  party,  a 
nation,  a  country,  public  utility,  partisan,  pacffist,  anarchy,  cul- 
ture, religion,  society,  patriotism,  morality,  and  hundreds  of 
other  terms  which  are  oonstantiy  used  in  our  text-books  on  his- 
tory. If  any  teacher  is  inclined  to  doubt  this  contention,  let  him 
investigate  this  matter  in  his  own  classes  next  Monday  morning. 
About  two  weeks  ago  I  put  to  one  hundred  and  forty-seven 
pupils  in  the  four  grades  who  are  taking  history  work  with  me 
m  the  Hope  Street  High  School  the  following  question :  *'  Does 
an  accurate  study  of  words  make  your  study  of  history  more 
interesting  and  more  profitable  ?"  1  find  among  others  the  fol- 
lowing answers :  "  Before  we  began  our  accurate  study  of  the 
meanmg  of  words  I  did  more  memorizing  of  what  the  author 
said  th^  I  do  now."  "  It  makes  my  work  ever  so  much  easier 
when  I  know  the  real  meaning  of  the  terms  used."  "  Our  caref  id 
word  study  has  gotten  me  out  of  the  dark."  "  I  can  talk  now  with- 
out groping  for  words."  '*  It  helps  me  in  my  other  studies."  "  It 
is  a  satisfa^'tion  to  me  to  know  that  I  am  using  words  correctly." 
'*  I  like  word  study  because  it  makes  newspaper  aud  magazine 
reading  more  interesting  and  mote  valuable  to  me."  "  An  awn- 
rate  study  of  words  saves  time,  because  I  have  noticed  that  it  does 
not  take  me  so  long  to  prepare  my  lessons  since  I  know  the  real 
meaning  of  words  as  I  come  upon  them."  **  I  read  more  now  out- 
side of  school  l>eoau8e  my  reading  is  more  interesting  to  me." 
"  It  is  valuable  liecause  it  keeps  one  from  misinterpreting  what 
he  reads."  "  Very  often  I  fina  that  a  word  has  a  broatler  mean- 
ing than  I  thought  it  had,  and  finding  this  out  opens  new 
ground  for  thought."  "  Word  study  oj^ns  up  the  meaning  of 
the  text  to  me,  and  this  makes  me  like  history  l>etter." 

MOTIVATION   THROUGH    PREPARATION 

By  way  of  daily  prei>aratiou  pupils  should  be  asked  to  MTite 
out  and  hand  in  answers  to  such  questions  as  these :  What  aro 


Digitized  by  VJ\^»^V  IV^ 


60 


THE   OUTLOOK 


the  problems  in  to^lay's  lesson  that.were  befpre  the  people  at 
that  time  ?  What  kind  of  problems  were  ihey — ^financial,  mili- 
tary, economic,  religious,  educati<mal  ?  Did  they  attempt  to 
solve  their  problems  ?  If  so,  how  j  If  not,  why  not  ?  What 
changes  or  improvements  would  you  suggest?  Do  you  know  of 
any  problems  before  us  to-day  or  before  any  other  people  to-day 
that  are  similar  to  the  problems  before  the  "people  in  to^lay's 
lesson  ?  How  many  propositions  of  the  singular  type  and  of  die 
universal  type  do  you  find  suggested  by  the  text  of  to^lay's 
lesson  ?  State  such  propositions  and  be  able  to  disciiss  them  in 
class.  That  history  work  can  be  and  will  be  effectively  moti- 
vated by  asking  pupils  to  answer  such  questions  as  these  is 
beyond  doubt. 

MOTIVATION  THROtTGH   DISCXT8SION 

The  study  of  history  can  be  motivate*!  also  by  substituting 
discussion  for  recitation — discussion  which  not  only  shows 
clearly  whether  pupils  know  the  facts  of  the  lesson,  but  also 
tests  whether  they  really  appreciate  the  facts — discussion  that 
will  make  pupils  do  thinking  of  their  own.  We  have  made  a 
huge  blunder  in  assuming  that  the  reciting  of  historical  facts 
will  make  those  facts  significant  to  the  pupil  and  to  the  class. 
Reciting  is  a  deadening  process.  There  is  no  inspiration  in  it. 
Before  a  member  of  tne  class  begins  to  recite  every  one  in  it 
not  only  knows  that  he  who  is  going  to  recite  will  in  all  proba- 
bility not  say  anything  more  than  the  author  has  already  said  to 
CA'ery  one  in  the  class,  but  every  one  also  knows  that  tiie  facts 
of  the  lesson  will  not  be  recited  so  well  as  the  author  has  stated 
them  in  the  text.  Instead  of  asking  pupils  to  recite  the  facts  of 
the  lesson  ask  them  to  answer  such  questions  as :  What  prob- 
lems did  you  find  in  to-day's  lesson  ?  Whose  problems  were 
they  ?  Why  were  they  problems  ?  What  was  done  about  them  ? 
Why  was  not  more  done  ?  Who  objecte<l  to  what  was  attempted  ? 
WTiy  ?  Are  there  similar  problems  to-day  ?  What  position  do 
you  think  you  would  have  taken  had  you  been  there  ?  Why  ? 
Would  there  be  any  work  for  a  man  to  do  to-<lay  who  possessed 
ideals  similar  to  those  of  Julius  Csesar  ?  What  are  the  things  in 
to-day's  lesson  worth  remembering  ui^til  you  are  eighty-five 
years  old?  What  makes  a  country  democratic?  What  is  your 
relationship  to  the  Government  ?  What  good  does  the  Govern- 
ment do  you  ?  Has  your  town,  your  city,  your  State,  your  coun- 
try, the  right  to  expect  anything  from  you  ?  If  each  citizen  does 
not  do  his  proper  share  of  thinking  and  service,  what  then  ?  If 
the  right  sort  of  laws  are  not  passed,  who  is  to  blame  ?  If  public 
money  is  not  rightly  spent,  who  is  to  blame?  Is  it  the  duty  of 
each  citizen  to  inovr  how  his  representatives  vote  ?  Why  ?  What 
makes  a  thing  right  or  wrong  ?  What  do  you  think  of  this  ?  of 
that?  What  are  your  reasons  for  thinking  so? 

Recently  I  asked  147  different  pnpiEi  whether  discussion 
made  their  work  in  history  more  interesting  and  more  valuable 
than  did  reciting.  Here  are  some  of  the  answers,  almost  word 
for  word :  "  Di^ussion  makes  me  remember  the  facts  better." 
"  It  makes  me  think."  "  I  can't  rely  wholly  on  the  text-book." 
"  It  develops  my  reasoning  power."  "  It  nudces  me  feel  more  like 
a  man  th^  reciting  does."  "  Discussion  trains  the  mind  to 
respond  quickly."  "You  have  to  be  more  than  a  parrot  in  dis- 
cussion." "  It  develops  the  pupil's  individuality."  *'  I  find  I  can't 
discuss  a  topic  unless  I  know  the  facts,  and  hence  discussion 
leads  me  to  know  the  facts."  "  Discussion  is  a  lot  more  inter- 
esting than  recitation."  "  It  does  me  a  lot  of  good  to  hear  what 
my  classmates  think  about  the  topics  we  discuss."  "  It  is  inter- 
esting to  watch  a  teacher  conduct  a  discussion."  "  I  like  it  be- 
cause it  develops  the  power  to  debate."  "  By  discussion  you  kill 
two  birds  with  one  stone — you  learn  the  facts  and  then  you 
apply  them."  "  The  recitation  method  adds  nothing  to  one's 
knowledge,  the  discussion  method  does."  "  It  makes  the  conver- 
sation of  others  more  interesting  to  me  when  I  am  out  of  school, 
because  I  know  what  they  are  talking  about."  "  Recitation 
causes  the  pupil  to  look  upon  history  as  a  matter  of  memory ; 
discussion  causes  the  pupil  to  reason  about  the  facts  of  the  les- 
son." "  Discussion  is  very  valuable  to  me  because  from  hearing 
the  point  of  view  of  other  students  I  think  of  and  learn  many 
things  I  shoiUd  not  otherwise  think  of  and  learn."  "In  dis- 
cussing a  topic  we  do  not  have  to  endure  the  monotony  of  hear- 
ing the  same  thing  over  and  over  again."  "  It  is  of  value  to  me 
because  it  not  only  trains  me  to  express  my  own  ideas,  but  it 


also  gives  me  a  lot  of  new  ideas."  "  It  makes  me  see  why  a  thing 
is  so. '  "  Discussion  makes  us  apply  the  things  we  know."  "  Dis- 
cussion puts  meaning  into  the  lesson  for  me.'  "  A  pupil  does  not 
learn  one-half  as  much  by  reciting  as  he  does  by  discussing." 
"  Discussion  takes  the  '  bookislmess '  out  of  school  work." 
"  There  is  no  sense  in  learning  history  just  to  recite  it,  but 
there  is  sense  in  studying  history  when  you  know  you  will  hear 
a  good  discussion  on  it."  "  Discussion  has  taught  me  the  value 
of  Teaming  history."  "  Discussion  leads  me  to  try  and  interpret 
history,  which  is  more  valuable  to  me  than  repeating  what  an 
author  has  said." 

MOTIVATION  THROUGH  THB  STUDY  OP  CURRENT  HI8TORT 

Without  the  slightest  doubt  the  study  of  history  can  best  be 
motivated  through  the  study  of  current  history.  Iji  this  article 
current  history  means  history  that  has  been  made  too  recently 
to  be  included  in  the  history  text-book.  No  tenable  argument 
can  be  advanced  against  the  study  of  current  history  in  schools, 
while  almost  countless  sound  arguments  can  be  advanced  in 
favor  of  studying  it.  Almost  all  of  the  objections — I  was  going 
to  say  all  of  the  objections,  and,  as  far  ^  1  know,  the  statement 
would  be  sound — to  the  introduction  of  current  history  into  the 
school  curriculum  are  offered  by  those  who  have  never  taught 
current  history.  Their  objections  are  theoretical  and  imagined. 
Will  the  study  of  history  be  motivated  through  the  study  of 
current  history?  I  am  sure  it  will ;  but,  instead  of  proving  by 
statements  of  my  own  that  this  is  so,  I  am  going  to  let  the  proof 
oome  from  those  who  are  studying  current  history  with  me. 
Within  the  last  two  weeks  I  asked  the  ninety-six  juniors  and 
seniors  who  are  studying  current  history  with  me  the  following 
question :  "  Does  the  study  of  current  history  make  your  ooorse 
in  history  more  interesting  and  more  valuable  ?  If  so  or  not  so, 
give  reasons."  They  did  not  know  before  entering  the  class- 
room that  they  were  to  be  asked  this  question,  and  I  asked 
them  not  to  write  their  names  on  the  test  paper.  Every  one  of 
them  said  that  the  study  of  current  history  did  make  his  course 
in  history  more  interesting  and  more  valuable.  Only  a  portion 
— ^a  smaU  portion — of  what  they  wrote  follows : 

"The  studying  of  current  history  is  exceedingly  valuable  to  me 
because  it  is  the  last  chapter  of  the  story  begun  long  ago.  We 
should  lose  the  significance  of  the  first  part  of  the  story  if  we 
did  not  study  the  Last  part."  "  It  makes  me  realize  the  impor- 
tance of  the  deeds  of  our  forefathers  for  us  to-day."  "  I  look  for- 
ward to  the  current  history  day  because  it  makes  the  history 
I  have  studied  before  more  real  to  me."  "  It  shows  me  the  vale 
of  studying  text-book  history."*  "  It  causes  me  to  compare  wl 
is  going  on  to-day  with  things  that  have  taken  place  in  the  past.* 
"  It  shows  wherein  progress  consists."  "  A  pupd  can  derive  mor 
real  good  from  the  study  of  current  history  than  from  any  otho^^ 
subject."  "  It  makes  the  world  aljout  me  interesting."  "  It  sho^ 
me  the  outcome  of  past  history.'*  "  It  makes  my  text-book  in 
history  more  interesting  and  more  valuable  when  I  gfo  back  to 
it  after  having  studied  current  history."  "  It  reveals  the  value 
of  good  citizenship  and  the  harm  that  comes  to  the  country 
through  ignorance  and  disloyalty."  "  It  leads  me  to  take  an 
interest  in  what  the  President  and  the  Congress  are  doing." 
"  It  makes  my  own  country  seem  more  valuable  to  me."  '*  It 
makes  me  eager  to  know  what  the  outcome  of  events  will  be." 
"  I  like  it  because  it  gives  me  a  chance  to  apply  my  knowl- 
edge of  former  history."  "  It  is  valuable  to  me  because  I  am 
not  so  embarrassed  when  in  gatherings  of  intelligent  people." 
"  It  is  valuable  because  a  study  of  the  present  helps  us  to  un- 
derstand the  past,  and  the  study  of  the  past  helps  us  to  under- 
stand the  present."  "  I  never  tried  to  think  for  myself  until  I 
began  to  study  current  history."  "  It  leads  me  to  tiiink  how  I 
woidd  try  to  solve  some  of  our  problems  if  I  were  called  upon 
to  do  so."  "  Past  history  is  freshened  by  the  study  of  current 
history."  "  To  know  past  history  and  be  ignorant  of  current 
history  is  to  live  in  a  world  of  history  dreams."  "  To  study  past 
history  and  omit  the  study  of  current  history  Is  like  half  making 
a  thing  and  then  leaving  it."  "  The  study  of  current  history 
shows  the  meaning  of  the  struggle  of  the  past."  "  It  is  valu- 
able to  me  because  I  see  now  how  history  is  matle."  "  I  like  to 
compare  our  handling  of  a  problem  with  the  way  past  peoples 
handled  a  similar  problem.'  "  This  shows  me  wliether  we  have 
profited  by  what  has  gone  before,"  "  I  never  knew  before  how 


Digitized  by  VJ\^»^V  IV^ 


CURRENT     EVENTS     ILLUSTRATED 


<C)  UNOCRWOOO  &  UNOeRWOOO 

TSUNEJIRO  MIYAOKA,  OF  TOKYO,  JAPAN 

Hr.  Miyaoka,  a  distin^ished   jurist  of  JapAn,  addressed  the  American  Bar 

Aaaocution  at  its  recent  annual  meeting  at  Cleveland.     He  has  oconpied  many 

important  judicial  and  diplomatic  [Miaitions 


PneSS  ILLUSTRATINO  SCRVICC 

WALTKK  H.  PAGE,  LATE  OUR  AMBASSADOR  TO  GREAT  BRITAIN 

Mr.  Page  ha.s  just  resigned  his  imiwrtant  post  on  account  of  ill  health.  He  has 

been  Ambassiuior  for  five  years,  serving  his  country  with  marked   ability 

during  the  trying  period  of  the  war.    See  editorial  comment 


IHTEBNAtlONAL    FILM  SERVICE 

Sm   WILLIAM  WEIR,  GHKAT   BRITAIN  S  NEW  APWINTEE 
HER  AIR  SERVICE 


IN 


CLINEDINBT 

JOHN 


U.  RYAN,  AMERICA'S  NEW   APPOINTEE  IN  HER  AUt 
SERVICE 


The  difference  in  the  official  position  of  these  two  men  is  a  striking  one.  Sir  William  Weir  is  a  Minister  with  a  sent  in  the  Cabinet  and  has  an  authority  with  regard 
to  the  whole  war  airplane  service  of  Great  Britain  like  that  of  Secretary  Daniels  over  our  Navy  or  Secretary  Baker  over  our  Army.  Mr.  Ryan  is  Second  Assistant 
Secretary  of  War,  and  in  authority  is  subordinate  to  Mr.  Baker  and  in  n»nk  to  First  Assistant  Secretary  Crowell.  His  duties  are  solely  concerned  with  the  prodno- 
tioa  of  Army  airplanes.  He  has,  of  connw,  nothing  to  do  with  the  Navy  airplanes.  What  the  Senate  Committee  and  Genenil  Keiily,  OKiSf  of  SlilitsnrlAeronautica, 
have  urged  i«  that  the  United  States  have  a  Secretary  with  a  seat  in  the  Cabinet,  having  charge  of  all  airplanes,  ^|^|^^^{M/nVfrg^^|t^^^Mi(^to  that  of 

.Sir  AViUiam  Weir  O 


B«Ti««  OFFiciM.  moraamm,  nrmiMTioMi.  nun  ■uvice 

tteBHAir  BTKKL  HKLMKTB  THB  OWNKBfi  OF  WEIGH  HAVE  PAID  THB  LAST 


PKNAUV 


(c)  KAOEL  A  HERBCJIT 


'  GERMAN   PRISONERS  CAPTURED   IN  THE  GREAT  OFFENSIVE 

MAKING  THE  GERMAN  ARMIES  INEFFECTIVE  THROUGH  DEATH  AND  CAPTURE 
In  the  picture  at  the  top  of  the  page  it  wUl  be  noted  tliat  most  of  the  behnets  have  a  tell-tale  bullet  bole.    In  the  other  picture  many  interesting  aspecU  of  the 

German  physiognomy  may  be  seen 

Digitized  by  y<JKJKJ\ll\^ 


AMERICAN  SOLDIEBS  RESTINa  WHILE  MARCHINQ  TO  THE  FRONT— A  SCENE  OURINQ  THE  SECON^  BATTLE  OF  THE  MARNE 


rata*  KUMTMTiM  hhvigi 

AMERICANS  MAKING  A  WOUNDED  POILU  HAPPY 
This  French  loldier  is  delighted  to  g:et  an  American  cigarette,  and  no  doubt 
Mill  more  delighted  to  have  a  friendly  word  from  ao  American  man  and  an 
I  woman,  aa  shown  in  the  picture.    The  latter  ie  a  member  of  one  of 
the  aaociatioos  engaged  in  restoring  devastated  France 


PHOTOORAPH  BY  RITCH,  FROM  UNDCRWOOO  A  UNOCRWO^ 

MR.  AND  MRS.   ROOSEVELT  ANC  KLEMBEIiS  OF  TllElK  FAMILY 

The  personality  of  the  ex-President's  family  is  always  of  interest  to  the  American 

people.  Here  are  seen,  left  loriirlit.  Captain  Archie  Roosevelt's  young  son;  Mr. 

Roosevelt ;  Mrs.  Arrliie  Hoosevelt  ;  Kiclinrd  Derby,  Jr.  ;  Mrs.  Itoosevclt ;  J^lith 

Derby  on  the  lap  of  her  mother,  Kibel  Uooaevelt  Derby 


Digitized  by 


yjO 


gle 


64 


THE   OUTLOOK 


11  Septemiici 


problems  of  a  country  arise."  "  I  see  how  numy  of  the  happen- 
ings of  to^y  have  their  foundations  hud  in  the  past/  "  It 
makes  history  alive  to  me."  "  The  study  of  current  history 
makes  our  own  Government  and  our  own  problems  mean  con- 
siderable to  me."  "  By  it  I  see  the  results  of  the  past  operating 
upon  the  present."  "  Grovemment  and  war  were  never  real  to 
me  until  I  studied  current  history."  "  History  without  current 
history  sounds  like  some  fish  story  or  some  fairy  story."  ''  I 
think  I'll  be  a  better  citizen  for  having  studied  current  his- 
tory." "  I  value  democracy  more  when  I  see  how  it  acts  under 
actual  conditions."  "The  problems  of  the  ancients  are  more 
real  to  me  now  that  I  have  studied  current  history."  "  Study 
of  current  history  takes  the  dullness  and  the  unprofitableness  out 
of  history  work.'  "  It  shows  me  how  governments  mak»  their 
reputation."  "  It  makes  my  peuny  newspaper  more  valuable  to 
It  has  taken  a  lot  of  prejudice  out  of  me."    "  I  wish  I 


me. 


could  take  current  history  four  or  five  times  a  week,  because 
it  makes  both  the  past  and  the  present  mean  so  much  more  to 
me."  Now  what  do  you  think  of  the  study  of  current  history 
as  a  means  of  motivating  the  study  of  historjr  ? 

America  has  a  won(krfnl  public  educational  system.  Our 
school-houses  are  well  built,  and  their  physical  equipment  has 
become  better  and  better.  Teachers  are  better  trained  and  better 
paid  than  ever  before.  The  schools  perform  a  real  service  to  the 
country.  All  tiiis  and  much  else  can  be  and  is  freely  admitted. 


Yet  many  teachers  and  educators,  as  well  as  a  multitude  of 
parents  and  a  greater  multitude  of  pupils,  are  dissatisfied  witli 
the  results  of  our  educational  system.  More  than  that,  tfaer 
believe  something  is  wrong.  There  is  a  fundamental  difficult 
somewhere.  Especially  does  one  think  so  when  he  realizes  that 
not  more  than  twelve  of  every  <me  hundred  who  are  registered 
in  the  first  grade  remain  in  our  public  schools  long  enough  to 
receive  a  high  school  diploma.  We  have  admirable  equipment 
and  improvements.  The  difficulty  does  hot  lie  in  that  oirectioo. 
The  real  trouble  is  that  the  work  done  in  our  schools  is  not  sig- 
nificant to  those  doing  it.  They  don't  see  the  value,  the  use,  d 
it,  and  consequentiy  tiiey  take  littie  or  no  interest  in  what  the; 
are  doing.  Most  of  the  work  is  external  and  foreign  to  tJie  pupik 
By  our  selection  of  svigect^matter  and  by  our  tnethoda  oj 
instruction,  both  of  which  were  largely  determined  by  men  and 
toomen  long  since  dead  and  gone,  we  assassinate  the  thirst  and 
the  hunger  for  knowledge  ana  the  desire  to  do  things  found  in 
all  normal  young  persons.  Before  they  enter  school  they  are  as 
loquacious  as  parrots,  pestering  parent  and  relative  alike  witl 
questicHUL  Soon  after  they  enter  school  most  of  them  are  im 
more  eager  and  restiess  for  knowledge  than  so  many  pieces  di 
statuary.  The  remedy  for  this  condition  undoubtedly  is  in 
thorough,  efficient,  and  practical  jiiotivation  of  school  worii, 
motivation  of  such  a  sort  as  to  be  the  salvaticm  of  our  educ» 
ti<m,  and  therefore  of  our  democracy. 


EDUCATION  FOR  CITIZENSHIP 

BY   PAUL   LEE   ELLERBE 


AN  old  man  in  the  mountains  above  Fort  Collins  carried 
wood  every  day  into  a  hotel.  The  job  was  beyond  his 
strength,  and  a  young  surveyor  who  was  worUng  near 
quietly  slipped  the  wood  onto  his  own  broad  shoulders. 
.  ""  Now,  one  of  them  humans,"  said  the  old  fellow,  **  wouldn't 
'a'  done  that."  He  meant  the  tourists  who  filled  the  hotel,  and 
he  suggested  the  difference  that  some  of  us  fancy  we  feel  between 
the  I^t  and  the  Weet.^ 

At  the  comer  of  Chambers  Street  and  City  Hall  Pa^  the 
tides  of  tiie  world  wash  about  New  York's  Hall  of  Records 
building.  During  May,  1917, 1,358  aliens  were  naturalised  in 
the  Supreme  Court  there,  and  82  in  the  largest  court  in  the 
Denver  Naturalization  District. 

Colorado,  New  Mexico,  Utah,  Wyoming,  and  southeastern 
Idaho — 153  counties,  107  bigger  than  Rhode  Idand,  76  as 
large  as  Delaware^  one  holding  a  ranch  (me-fifth  the  size  of 
New  Jersev.  Roads  so  long  and  straight  and  lonely  that  you 
can  climb  into  your  car,  set  the  throttle,  and  trav^  over  the 
earth — you  can  almost  feel  the  bulge  of  it — for  an  hour  at  a 
time  without  touching  pedal  or  lever  or  doing  anything  at  all 
except  hold  the  steering-wheel  steady,  slow  up  a  littie,  swing 
around  a  curve,  and  do  the  same  thing  for  another  hour.  And 
maybe  not  a  living  thing  to  see  all  daylong  but  two  eagles  and 
a  bobcat.  A  hundred  and  ten  miles  and  not  even  a  place  to  buy 
gasoline  I  Sand  so  deep  that  the  ranchmen  say  the  jack-rabbits 
drown  in  it  I  And  the  austere,  eternal  mountains^  just  touched 
here  and  there  with  a  scuff  of  human  life. 

There  are  160  naturalizing  courts,  and  an  annual  average  of 
ten  persons  admitted  to  citizenship  in  each.  Leave  out  the  five 
largest,  and  the  average  is  six. 

There  is  time  out  West  for  the  personal  touch.  The  great 
stammering  black-bearded  German-Kussian  giant  who  is  so 
overawed  by  the  dread  majesty  of  the  law  that  he  can  scarcely 
remember  the  town  of  his  birth  is  not  petitioner  No.  15,724, 
but  Johannes  SchneidmiDer,  whose  ranch  "  comers  with  "  the 
sheriff's.  Johannes  is  father  of  the  village  grocer  and  is  "  attached 
to  the  principles  of  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States  and  well 
disposed  to  tiie  good  order  and  happiness  of  the  same,"  to  the 
personal  knowl^ge  of  most  of  the  people  in  the  court-room. 

Three  thousand  nine  hundred  and  forty  aliens  filed  petitions 
for  naturalization  in  Philadelphia  in  seven  weeks.  Some  of  them 

>  "  Hnmans  "  ia  a  real  word  in  this  sense.  A  ranchman  near  Santa  F^  couldn't 
understand  whjranr  one  wonld  use  a  "  bnraans  "  saddle.  The  Western  article 
waa  the  only  thing  tat  any  sane  rider  of  a  horse. 


had  had  to  wait  eighteen  months  for  the  chance.  May  10, 191.5 
stands  out  in  Phuadelphia's  calendar.  The  new  Americaiu 
their  wives  and  children — eighty-five  hundred  of  them — packe 
the  Municipal  Convention  HalL  The  President  came  fion 
Washington  to  welcome  them,  and  those  who  took  his  simpl 
words  as  he  meant  them  learned  what  we  stand  for  from  tb 
Nation's  best  exponent. 

No  trouble  to  show  the  need  for  a  citizenship  class  in  Phil 
adelphia,  and  supply  it.    The  butt<m  is  pushed,  and  off  you  g« 

But  in  Laramie — where  Bill  Nye  edited  the  "Boomerang 
thirty-eight  years  ago — we  naturalized  twelve  in  1914,  seven  ii 
1916,  and  ten  m  1916,  agamst  Philadelphia's  8,460,  6,684,  an 
2,567.  It's  a  big,  bare  country  up  there.  Maybe  you  have  seen  i 
from  the  windows  of  the  Overland  Limited — rocks  and  plaim 
and  plains  and  rocks,  and  off  to  the  south  a  jagged  blue  Une  c 
mountains ;  all  along  the  tracks  snow-guanls  cleverly  set  i 
single  file  and  companies  to  meet  the  currents  of  the  wind,  an 
in  their  lee,  when  tne  biting  white  flakes  scud  along  like  smob 
jack-rabbits  sheltering. 

Two  trains  met  at  Orin  Jimction. 

"  Is  there  much  snow  on  the  Laramie  Plains  ?"  said  the  NortI 
western  conductor. 

"  No,  boss,"  replied  the  porter,  "  there  ain't.    But  there's 
powerful  lot  of  it  passin'  through." 

Most  things  pass  through  the  Laramie  Plains.  But  here  an 
there  a  ranch-house  clings  sturdily  to  the  rolling  prairie,  like 
lichen  growth,  and  the  county  somehow  contributes  its  anntu 
average  of  ten  new  citizens. 

When  they  are  admitted  in  March  and  September,  nobod 
comes  from  afar  to  welcome  them ;  but  there  is  a  gleam  of  tfa 
dream  in  the  eyes  of  a  woman  who  watches  them  come  in.  Sh 
has  taught  nearly  all  of  them.  They  hold  certificates  of  n^ui 
tion  issued  by  her,  countersigned  by  the  chief  naturaXizatio 
examiner  on  behalf  of  the  United  States,  respected  by  tli 
Court ;  and  they  give  a  very  excellent  account  of  themselves. 

"  If  there  is  one  person  in  this  coimty  who  wishes  to  learn, 
said  the  Laramie  citizenship  instructor,  "  I  shall  be  glad  t 
teach  him." 

At  first  there  wasn't.  There  wasn't,  in  fact,  for  two  month 
Then  came  one,  thirty  miles  overland,  on  a  cayuse,  once  a  weel 
Another  month,  and  there  were  five.  There  is  a  pretty  stead 
attendance  now  of  six  or  eight,  and  not  the  least  of  the  stars  i 
the  crown  of  the  Naturalization  Service  is  the  citizenship  clai 
of  Laramie,  Wyoming. 


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THE   OUTLOOK 


65 


It  grew  slowly,  but  the  Sterling  class,  in  the  flat  homestead 
oiuitry  of  eaBtem  Colorado,  was  bom  one  November  afternoon, 
Lill  panoplied,  like  Minerva,  from  the  judge's  appeal. 

He  lined  up  before  him  in  the  jury-box  eight  of  that  day's 

rplicants  who  had  failed  to  show  an  intelligent  understanding 
the  principles  of  our  Govei-nment,  and  won  them  over  by  a 
ttle  straight,  earnest  talk. 

He  arranged  for  a  prosperous  farmer  to  call  weekly  for  a 
eighbor  who  was  too  poor  to  have  a  wagon  of  his  own ;  he  had 
is  shift  changed  so  that  the  man  who  worked  for  the  sugar 
ompaoy  could  attend ;  he  made  one  promise  to  come  on  the 
rain — persuaded  him  that  it  was  worth  it;  and  he  shamed 
he  laggards  out  of  their  inertia. 

The  whole  eight  enrolled — all  German-Russians.  They  repre- 
ent  a  fair  slice  of  country.  The  land  they  own  would  hold 
juxeinburg  and  Montenegro.  The  city  superintendent  of  schools 
a.ught  them  ;  but  they  met  in  the  judge's  chambers,  and  all  sorts 
f  people  took  a  hand.  The  surroundings  infected  some  of  them ; 
hey  became  interested  in  the  Federal  reporter  system  and  a 
licture  of  the  Supreme  Court,  and  a  very  fair  beginners'  lecture 
n  the  rudiments  of  law  resulted. 

They  caught  a  glimpse  of  our  scheme  of  government  as  some- 
hing  as  real  as  their  methods  of  farm  management ;  as  much 
a  the  making ;  as  subject  to  change ;  and  they  realized  with 
stonishment  that  they  were  parts  of  it,  to  make  it  and  to  change 
t  with  the  rest. 

Before  we  find  fault  with  our  applicants  for  citizenship  for 
heir  lack  of  interest  it  would  be  well  for  us  to  try  honestly  to 
ell  them  what  the  Republic  is.   Many  of  them  never  find  out. 

An  Englishman  who  did  not  know  sat  before  a  Utah  court 
3st  summer.  He  had  kept  his  original  ignorance  of  American 
ostitutions  rather  imusually  intact,  and  his  answers  to  the  ex- 
.miner's  questions  had  demonstrated  the  fact  abiindantly. 

"  I  shall  not  admit  you  to  citizenship  now,"  said  the  judge. 
■  You  must  know  more  than  you  do.  i  ou  may  return  at  the 
lext  hearing." 

'^  I  don't  think  I  will,"  said  the  Englishman.  "  I  have  wasted 
nough  time  on  this  already.  I'm  foreman  out  at  the  smelter, 
nd  half  the  Austrians  and  Italians  in  my  gang  are  citizens. 
They  are  naturalized  all  the  time,  and  some  of  them  don't  know 
nything.  If  the  United  States  wants  that  kind  and  won't  take 
(le,  ritt  through." 

An  unfortunate  way  to  address  a  judge  appointed  by  the 
'resident  for  life,  set  permanently  above  the  reach  of  common 
oen,  all-powerfuL  The  court  officials,  looked  to  see  the  light- 
ling  strike.  They  thought  the  Englishman  had  earned  it. 

"My  friend,"  said  the  judge,  earnestly,  " you  are  making  a 
aistake.  I  am  sorry  you  misunderstand  me.  It  will  be  better 
or  you  and  the  country  if  you  will  learn  the  things  a  citizen  of 
he  United  States  ou^ht  to  know.  I  shall  not  dismiss  your 
letition.  I  hope  you  will  think  it  over  and  decide  to  study." 

He  did.  He  employed  the  principal  of  a  school  to  teach  him, 
,nd  after  he  had  answered  correctly  every  question  that  the 
xaminer  could  think  of  he  stood  up  like  a  man  and  said  he 
tad  been  wrong,  and  thanked  the  judge. 

"  I  didn't  know  what  the  United  States  was,"  he  said.  "  I 
wouldn't  take  anything  for  what  I've  found  out !" 

Here  a  little,  there  %  little.  The  years  stretch  themselves  into 
lecades,  the  decades  into  centuries ;  the  Nation  is  built  like  a 
■oral  reef. 

A  little  Ford  car  in  the  northern  Colorado  coal-fields  does 
ts  minute  part.  If  it  is  standing  to-night  under  an  incandescent 
ight  in  front  of  the  town  haU  of  one  of  the  drab  little  coal 
amps,  there  is  a  citizenship  class  inside — one  of  the  State  Uni- 
versity's steadily  lengthening  chain — held  to«^ether  by  the  young 
nan  who  drives  the  Ford.  Just  a  few  tired  miners,  usually — 
lardly  enough,  sometimes,  to  call  it  a  class  at  all — but  the 
vork  goes  on. 

At  this  writing  the  major  part  of  one  of  these  classes  is  in 
aiL  Thev  are  charged  vrith  resisting  the  Selective  Service  Act ; 
hey  would  not  register  and  they  attempted  to  dissuade  others. 
>rtainly  they  will  not  be  naturalized ;  they  are  not  the  stuff 
hat  makes  good  citizens.  But  they  are  better  worth  working 
or,  perhaps,  than  "  him  that  is  well. '  The  citizenship  instructor 
s  wcmdenneif  he  cannot  get  permission  to  continue  his  lessons 
n  the  jaiL    Probably  he  wul.  lie  is  that  kind. 

This  class  of  his  must  be  punished,  and  the  law  is  here  to  see 


that  it  is.  But  his  job  is  to  try  to  make  them  understand  what 
America  stands  for  and  why  we  have  to  fight.  Maybe  they  dorCt 
know.   It  is  worth  something  to  them  to  find  out — and  to  us. 

In  an  old  building  in  Denver,  at  Thirteenth  and  Welton 
Streets,  is  a  good  public  school  with  a  good  name — the  Denver 
Opportunity  School.  In  so  far  as  possible,  it  teaches  anybody 
anything  he  wants  to  learn — citizenship,  for  example,  to  a 
class  of  thirty-five  aliens  of  all  ages  and  conditions,  who  come 
four  nights  a  week. 

One  of  his  pupils  sat  on  the  edge  of  a  chair  in  the  naturali- 
zation office  and  said,  with  flashing  eyes  and  eloquent  hands, 
"  Do  you  really  think  he  is  right,  and  that  after  this  war  may- 
be my  country,  too,  will  be  a  republic?  If  I  thought  we  were 
fighting  for  that — " 

He  had  enlisted,  that  Austrian.  He  may  be  in  France  now. 
There  are  three  of  his  brothers  in  the  other  army.  How  he 
wanted  to  feel  that  he  was  fighting  against  them  but^or  them, 
and  for  Austria!  How  he  leaped  at  me  idea  I 

We  need  interpreters.  We  lead  our  aliens  to  citizenship,  but 
it  is  only  men  like  this  instructor  who  can  make  them  drink  of 
the  spirit  of  it. 

There  is  a  kinship  between  his  mind  and  the  minds  of  the 
men  who  made  the  Declaration  of  Independence ;  he  feels  as 
they  felt.  It  is  aninteresting  exhibition  of  the  power  and  sanity 
of  tiie  idea  that  underlies  that  instrument. 

No  one  is  there  from  the  mistaken  idea  that  if  he  would  be 
naturalized  attendance  is  compulsory.  Those  who  wish  to  obtain 
the  necessary  information  elsewhere  are  free  to  do  so ;  those 
who  stand  satisfactorily  the  preliminary  examinations  conducted 
by  the  Naturalization  Service  are  told  that  they  are  sufficiently 
well  informed  to  pass  the  tests  imposed  by  the  court  and  need 
not  learn  more ;  but  the  class  is  recommended  to  the  attention 
of  them  all,  and  imiversity  graduates,  high-salaried  professional 
men,  engineers,  artists,  cooks,  waiters,  and  street^weepers  sit 
there  comfortably,  side  by  side,  only  one  citizen  of  the  United 
States  among  them — their  servant  and  their  teacher.  The  city 
furnishes  his  services,  but  they  are  indebted  to  the  spirit  of 
American  democracy  for  his  point  of  view. 

It  is  a  good  thing  to  know  that  if  the  President  and  the 
Vice-President  both  died  the  Secretary  of  State  would  become 
President  of  the  United  States  ;  that  the  only  real  Territories 
we  have  are  Hawaii,  Alaska,  Porto  Rico,  and  the  District  of 
Columbia ;  and  that  Mr.  Wilson  is  the  twenty-eighth  Executive 
head  of  the  Nation ;  but  it  is  much  better  to  catch  the  feel  of 
the  thing,  the  urge  that  brought  us  into  being,  that  makes  us 
great,  God  helping  us,  and  keeps  us  going. 

When  the  unbdievable  blessmg  of  peace  has  returned  to  the 
tortured  earth,  it  is  not  likely  that  a  greater  drama  will  be  staged 
for  some  time  than  the  making  of  America.  And  the  aliens  who 
came  a  million  a  year  in  1913  and  1914,  326,000  in  1916, 
298,000  in  1916,  the  straggling  few  who  are  coming  now,  and 
the  inestimable  millions  of  those  tides  that  will  set  this  way 
after  the  war,  will  act  some  of  the  leading  roles,  have  a  hand  in 
setting  the  stage,  and  a  good  deal  to  do  with  fashioning  the 
play  itself.  What  wUl  they  make  of  America?  It  will  depend 
upon  what  America  makes  of  them. 

Year  in  and  year  out,  two-thirds  of  them  do  not  become  natu- 
ralized. ButchUdren  bom  to  them  here  are  citizensof  the  United 
States,  and,  whether  we  like  it  or  not,  those  who  stay  are  America. 
To  force  citizenship  upon  them  by  law  cannot  benefit  us  very 
much,  for  a  perfimctory  knowledge  that  will  let  them  by  can  be 
easily  acquired  by  the  most  vicious,  the  dullest,  and  the  least 
interested.  It  is  a  pity,  therefore,  that  we  haven't  succeede<l  in 
making  them  want  citizenship,  in  making  them  feel  that  it  is  a 
privilege  worth  preparing  for.  A  citizenship  survey  of  the  Nation 
might  justify  itself ;  to  find  out  who  are  aliens  and  why,  and  to 
sn^^t  ways  to  remove  the  disability. 

But  reaching  those  unnaturalized  two-thirds  is  a  big  thine;  that 
might  be  done ;  this  other  smaller  work  is  an  established  fact. 
Where  there  was  ignorance,  there  is  knowletlge ;  where  there 
was  indifference,  there  is  interest ;  men  who  didn't  care  about  us 
are  for  us. 

And  we  are  for  them !  Many  of  us  who  didn't  know  them 
before,  who  thought  that  a  man  who  spoke  four  languages  was 
stupid  because  he  couldn't  s))eak  English,  have  leame<l  in  teaclH 
ing.  In  expounding  America's  dream  of  the  brotherhood  of  man 
they  have  come  to  see  it  for  the  first  time  in  its  idealistic  reality. 


€6  THE  OUTLOOK 

WEEKLY  OUTLINE  STUDY  OF 
CURRENT  HISTORY 

BY  J.  MADISON  GATHANY,  A.M. 

HOPE  STREET  HIGH  SCHOOL.  PBOVIDBNCE.  B.  L 

Based  on  The  Outlook  of  September  4, 1918 

Bach  week  ao  Outline  Stndy  of  Carrent  EQatory  based  on  the  preoeding  nomber  of  The  Ontlook  will 
be  printed  for  the  benefit  of  carrent  eventa  olawas,  debating  claba,  teaebers  of  history  and  of  Bng^liah,  and 
the  like,  and  for  nae  in  the  home  and  by  sooh  individual  readers  as  may  desire  sngKestions  in  the  serious 
atndy  of  current  history.— Tbb  Editobs. 

situation  "  almost  scandalons."  Otbers 
consider  it  "  a  scandal/'  "  a  crime  against 
the  country,"  "  a  disgrace,"  "  a  National 
humiliation,"  "a  fla^»nt  nonfeasance," 
"this  disastrous  experience."  Which  of 
these  expressions  seem  to  you  to  describe 
the  situation  most  accurately?  3.  Where 
does  The  Outlook  place  responsibility  "  for 
the  collapse  of  our  aircraft  programme  "  ? 
Where  do  you?  On  President  Wilson? 
Secretary  Baker?  On  Congress?  Public 
opinion  ?  Where  ?  Discuss,  giving  reasons. 
4.  Why,  in  your  opinion,  did  the  former 
Aircraft  Production  Board  fail  to  make  use 
of  the  technical  successes  of  foreign  engi- 
neers ?  Why  did  they  g^ve  %d  much  wei^t 
to  the  opinions  of  "  inexperienced  automo- 
bile mannfacturers  "  ?  Why  was  there  such 
a  lack  of  system?  5.  What  would  you 
consider  adequate  punishment  for  those 
persotuUly  responsiole  for  the  aircraft 
situation  as  reported  by  the  Senate  Ck>ra- 
mittee  ?  6.  Some  of  The  Outlook's  readers 
not  only  condemned  it  for  its  reports 
months  ago  on  our  aircraft  failures,  bat 
dropped  their  subscriptions.  Some  editors 
have  actually  tried  to  make  the  Senate 
Committee's  report  a  matter  of  no  condem- 
nation  of  the  Administration.  Tell  frankly 
what  you  think  of  such  readers  and  editors. 
7.  Read  Major  Bishop's  "  Winged  War- 
fare "  (Doran)  and  Winslow's  «°With  the 
French  Flying  Corps  "  (Scribners). 

C.  Topic :  «  Europe's  Fateful  Hoar." 
Reference :  Pages  26, 27. 
Qtiestiotu  : 

1.  Dr.  Abbott  belieres  that  democracy 
has  revolutionized  the  object  of  life.  How 
does  he  explain  his  behef?  2.  State  and 
discuss  the  three  motives  which  Dr.  Ab- 
bott says  "  conspired  to  impel  Germany  to 
war."  Famish  proof.  3.  Answer  further 
than  Dr.  Abbott  does  the  question  raised 
by  Signor  Ferrero  at  the  end  of  this 
article. 

n — PBOPOSITIONS  FOB  DISCUSSION 

(Tha**  propasitions  are  suggested  direotly  or  indi- 
reotly  by  the  subjeot-matter  of  The  Outlook,  but 
not  disoossed  in  it.) 

1.  The  purpose  of  democracy  is  to  secure 
justice  without  sacrificing  liberty.  2.  No 
war  has  been  inevitable.  3.  The  former 
German  colonies  should  never  be  returned 
to  her. 

in — TOCABULABT  BmLDINe 

(All  of  the  following  words  and  expressions  are 
found  in  The  Outlook  for  September  4,  1918.  Both 
before  and  after  looking  them  up  in  the  diotimary  or 
elsewhere,  give  their  meaning  in  your  own  words. 
The  figures  in  parentheses  refer  to  pages  on  which 
the  words  may  be  fonnd.) 


II  Septembe 


(Those  who  are  using  the  weekly  ontliDe  should 
not  attempt  to  cover  the  whole  of  an  outline  in  any 
one  lesson  or  study.  Assign  for  one  lesson  selected 
questions,  one  or  two  propositions  for  discussion, 
and  only  soch  words  as  are  found  in  the  material 
assigned.  Or  distribute  selected  questions  tunong 
difiFerent  members  of  the  class  or  group  and  have 
them  report  their  findings  to  all  when  assembled. 
Then  have  all  disonss  the  questions  together.] 

I — INTERNATIONAI.    AFFAIB8 

A.  Topic :  The  New  Draft  Ages ;  A  Dic- 

tated Peace ;  The  Lusitania  Again. 
Reference :  Pages  6-7. 
Questions : 

1.  In  commenting  on  the  new  draft  ages, 
The  Outlook  uses  these  expressions  :  "  the 
decision  of  the  Nation  to  increase  its 
man  power,"  and  "  but  Congress,  reflect- 
ing the  public  opinion  of  the  Nation." 
Make  clear  the  fact  expressed  in  the  itali- 
cized words.  2.  Is  tlie  Man  Power  Bill 
democratic  ?  What  is  your  opinion  of  the 
*'  work  or  fight "  provision  ?  3.  Present 
several  arguments  for  or  against  the  fol- 
lowing :  "It  is  the  older  men  who  should 
be  sent  to  the  front  last."  4.  Suppose  the 
voung  men  of  eighteen  to  nineteen  would 
be  superfluous  in  securing  General  March's 
three  millions.  Does  it  follow  that  they 
should  not  be  called  out  ?  Discuss.  5.  Should 
a  college  education  for  soldiers  and  sailors 
be  given  at  Government  expense  when  the 
war  is  over  ?  6.  Do  you  think  there  is  too 
much  legislating  in  America  upon  untried 
experiments  ?  7.  Give  two  or  three  reasons 
for  insisting  upon  each  one  of  Senator 
Lodge's  terms  of  peace  reported  on  page  6 
of  'Ttie  Outlook,  o.  What  is  your  opinion 
of  those  who  think  Senator  Lodge's  terms 
too  harsh,  and  would  ask  Germany  to  what 
terms  she  would  assent?  9.  Discuss  the 
harm  of  treating  with  Germany  as  an 
equal.  10.  To  what  Senator  Lodge  said 
The  Outlook  adds  three  statements  of  its 
own  (paee  6).  What  are  they  ?  11.  The 
Outlook  oelieves  that  individual  German 
ofiBcers  and  their  superiors  should  be  pun- 
ished for  murder  or  other  crimes.  Do  you 
think  public  opinion  is  with  The  Outlook? 
,  Reasons.  Make  out  a  list  of  Germans  who, 
in  your  opinion,  should  be  punished  for 
murder.  Ought  soldiers  and  officers  ever 
in  time  of  war  to  murder  any  one?  12. 
What  principles  of  international  law  were 
involved  in  the  sinking  of  the  Lusitania? 
13.  For  what  reasons  is  Judge  Mayer's 
decision  notable  ?   Would  you  demand  any 

£unishment  for  Germany  for  sinking  the 
lUsitania  ?  Whom  would  you  deal  with  in 
settling  this  case  ?  Can  a  Government  be 
punished  ? 

B.  Topic :  The  Airplane  ScandaL 
Reference :  Editorial,  pages  10,  IL 
Questions : 

1.  Make  a  summary  of  tlie  facts  concern- 
ing the  production  of  aii-planes  in  Amer- 
ica.   2.  The  Outlook  considers  the  airplane 


Mandatory,  duress  (5) ;  Italia  Irredenta, 
Poland,  hierarchy  (6);  culture,  the  post- 
chaise,  ragtime  (26),  aging,  paradox,  phi- 
losophers, centers  of  civilization  (27). 


A  bookUl  suggesting  methods  infusing  the  Weekly  Outline  of  Current  History  wHl  be  sent  on  application 


gyaleD 

Better  protection 

means 

Yale  protection 

Wrsit  yon  decide  it  is  about  time 
you  installed  Yale  looks  and  hard- 
ware— yon  will  be  buying  better  pro- 
tection, greater  security,  'on^er  service. 
As  yon  will  soon  discover  for  yourself. 

The  "  Yale  "  trade-mark  on  any  lock 
or  piece  of  builders'  hardware  is  your 
insurance  of  superiority  in  materiala, 
in  design  and  in  fitness  for  the  purpose 
for  which  that  product  was  made. 

If  you  want  better  protection — and  of 
course  you  do — you  will  insist  upon 
Yale  protection.  And  that  means* 
you  will  make  certain  you  see  that 
trade-mark  "  Yale  "  on  the  locks  and 
hardware  yon  buy. 

Thrfe  teading  TnUvroductt  artthtnen; 
raU  Cyliudrr  Sight  Latch,  Yale 
Padlock,  ami  Yale  Door  Cloter.  They 
typi/y  the  fineneM  of  all  YalepntdncU, 
which  inchide  Yale  Builden*  Bant- 
ware.  Trunk  Locks,  and  Cabinet  LoekM. 
All  made  and  guaranteed  hy  tMe  moJfc- 
ers  of  the  /amout  Yale  Chain  Block, 

Yah  prodaets  for  eah  ky  hardmara 
d*al0r* 

The  Yale&Towne  Mfg.  Co. 

•  East  40th  Sireat  New  York  City 

Chicago  Office:  77  Eu<  Lake  Stnci 
Canaillan  Yale  St  Towne  Ltd..  S<.  Cathartocs.  Out. 

("YALE") 


Digitized  by  VJWVJV  IV^ 


1918 


THE  OUTLOOK 


67 


Forty  Years  of  Service 


Forty  years  ago  when  the  now 
huge  phmt  of  the  Harmony 
Mills  was  built  at  Cohoes,  N.  Y. , 
the  roof  was  laid  along  the  lines 
now  advocated  in  The  Barrett 
Specification. 

After  forty  years  of  hard  service, 
when  the  matter  of  reroofing 
came  up  recently  the  old  roof 
was  found  to  be  in  such  good 
condition  that  it  was  a  question 
whether  to  repair  it  or  lay  a 
new  one ! 

The  management  decided  that 
the  old  roof  had  given  them 
their  money's  worth  and  ordered 
a  new  one  like  it,  under  its 
modern  name,  a  Barrett  Speci- 
fication Roqf. 

Is  it  any  wonder,  in  the  face  of  this 
kind  of  service,  that  we  are  able  to 


give  a  20-Year  Guaranty  Bond  on 
Barrett  Specification  Roofs  ? 

Not  that  they  need  a  Guaranty  Bond 
to  make  them  last :  the  Bond  is  merely 
an  expression  of  our  definite  knowl- 
edge that  Barrett  Specification  Roofs 
will  last  much  longer  than  twenty  years. 
Read  what  the  owners  of  the  Harmony 
Mills  have  to  say  about  their  roof : 

"  •  •  •  tlie  originaL  roofs  laid  along  the 
lines  of  The  Barrett  Specification  were 
applied  on  our  mills  aoout  forty  years 
ago,  and  have  served  us  satisfactorily 
during  tliis  period. 

"  On  the  basis  of  such  service,  we  are  ccn- 
vinced  that  a  Barrett  Specification  Roof 
is  not  only  superior  to,  but  more  eco- 
nomical tlum  any  other  type  of  roofing. 

"Therefore,  we  decided  to  reroof  our 
mills  with  Barrett  Specification.  The  re- 
roofing  work  is,  of  course,  well  on  the 
way  to  completion  and  we  are  pleased  to 
advise  that  we  consider  your  supervision 
over  the  application  of  great  value.  We 
shall  be  glad  to  receive  expression  of  your 
confidence  in  the  roofing  m  the  shape  of 
your  Twenty  Year  Bond. 

(Signed)  "  John  A.  Perkins,  Agent" 


The  20-Year 
Surety  Bond 

We  now  offer  a  20- Year  Surety 
Bond  Guaranty  on  all  Barrett 
Specification  Roofs  of  fifty 
squares  and  over  in  all  towns 
of  25,000  and  over,  and  in 
smaller  towns  where  our  In- 
spection Service  is  available. 

Our  only  requirements  are 
that  The  Barrett  Specification 
of  May  1, 1916,  shall  be  strictly 
followed,  and  that  the  roofing 
contractor  shall  be  approved 
by  us. 


A  copy  of  The  Barrett  20-Year  Specification,  with  roofing  diagrams,  sent  free  on  request 


The 


New  York  Chicago 

Detrnt  Binaiiigbaai 
Atliuits  Dolnth 

Toledo  Colambiu 


Philadelphia 
Kanus  Citjr 
Bfilwaukee 
Richmond 


Company 


Boatoo  St.  Louis 

Minneapolia  Naahrille 

Bangor  Washington 

Latrobe  Bethlehem 


CleTeland               Cincinnati  Pittabtugh 

Salt  Lake  Citjr              SeaUle  Peoria 

Johnstown               Lebanon  Youngstown 

Elizabeth                Buffalo  Baltimore 


THE  BARRETT  COMPANY.  Limited:  Montreal 

Halifax,  N.  S. 


Toronto  Winnipeg 

Sydney.  N.  S. 


Vanooarer 


St.  John,  N.  B. 


THE   OUTLOOK 


PRICE   PER    1000  CALORIES 


Quaker  Oats  5e 
Round  Steak  37c 
Leg  of  Lamb  52c 
Veal  Cutlets    44c 


Stewing  Hens  34c 
Broilers  70c 

Eggs  43c 

Fish  40c 


Buy  Foods 

By  Calories — Not  By  Pounds 

Compare  fowl  cost  by  ealorios,  and  yon  U  "■''e  more  Quaker  Oats. 
The  calory  is  the  energy  unit  nsed  l)y  governments  to  measure  food. 
On  this  basis,  at  prices  current  at  this  writing 


Meats  Average  8  Times  as  Much.. 

Eggs,  Fish  and  Fowl 
Cost  8  to  10  Times  Quaker  Oats 


That  is,  for  the  same  calory  value.    Yet  these  are  all  major  footls. 

Pound  for  jwund,  Quaker  Oats  ha.s  twice  the  calories  of  round  steak. 
Every  cupfid  contains  280  calories — as  nnich  as  four  eggs. 

Every  dollar  you  spend  for  Quaker  Oats  saves  at  least  $7  if  useil 
to  displa<;e  meat,  measured  l)y  the  calory  basis. 

You  have  known  the  oat  as  the  marvel  fo<Kl,  well  balanced,  rich  in 
minerals.  But  its  wealth  of  luitriment  makes  it  also  the  money-saving 
food. 

Make  Quaker  Oats  your  breakfiist.  Mix  it  also  with  your  flour 
fowls.  Use  it  to  .save  money,  to  save  wheat  and  meat,  to  add  flavor 
and  nutrition. 

It  is  one  of  the  greatest  foods  you  have. 


The  Best  One  -  Third  of  Oats 

We  use  just  the  quefu  grains— l)ig,  rioii  and  flavory — in  making  Quaker 
Oats.    AVe  get  hut  ten  pounds  from  a  hushel. 

Thus  you  get  oat  flavor  at  its  hest.  You  get  it  without  extra  price.  All 
oat  foods  are  made  doubly  inviting  when  you  use  this  premier  grade. 


12  to  13c  and  30  to  32c  Per  Package 

Except  in  Far  West  and  South 


[la-ci] 


11  September 

THE    NATION'S 

INDUSTRIAL 

PROGRESS 

BeUeviiig  that  the  adTanoe  of  businen  is  a  snbject 
of  vital  interest  and  importance,  The  Ontlook  will 
present  nnder  the  above  heading  fieqnent  di«- 
ciusions  of  snbiecta  of  indastrial  and  oommerdal 
intereat.  This  department  will-  inclade  paraerapha 
of  timely  interest  and  articles  of  edncattonaT  value 
dealing  with  the  industrial  upbnilding  of  the 
Nation.     Comment  and    snggestiona  are   invited. 

THE    STORY    OF    FIRE- 
ARMS~I 

HISTORY  is  indissolubly  connected 
with  the  development  of  ofPensive 
weapons  for  tlie  conquest  of  wild 
animals  and  of  enemy  races.  It  has 
b«en  said  that  that  country  is  happiest 
which  has  the  least  recorded  history — for 
such  a  country  would  inevitably  have  dwelt 
in  peace  for  tlie  greatest  number  of  years. 
So  the  histon^  of  a  nation  is  largely  a 
record  of  warnire  for  conquest  or  defense, 
and  the  development  of  the  gun  has  played 
a  leading  part  m  the  making  of  history. 

And  this  is  particularly  true  of  our  own 
country,  whose  discovery  dates  from  the 
time  that  firearms  were  first  coming  into 
general  use  in  Europe.  The  annals  of  the 
early  conquest  of  America  by  the  Span- 
iards depict  the  astonishmeht  and  terror  of 
the  native  Indian  tribes  at  the  sudden, 
thunderous  death  poured  upon  them  by  the 
Spanish  musketeers.  Fizarro  in  Pern,  Cor- 
tez  in  Mexico,  and  De  Soto  in  North 
America  all  met  and  overpowered  vastly 
greater  forces  of  natives  by  tlie  superior 
advantage  of  muskets.  Tliey  came  to  be 
regarded  by  the  awestruck  Indians  as  su- 
perior beings  who  could  call  down  the 
thunder  and  lightning  from  heaven  at  their 
command. 

The  prehistoric  savage  probably  fot^ht 
with  his  fists  and  teeth,  and  bit  and  scratched 
like  a  wild  animal  when  attacked. 

"  Man's  earliest  arms  were  fin^rs,  teeth,  aal  nails. 
And  stones  and  fragments  from  the  bnaohing 
woods." 

Then,  perhaps,  when,  wandering  through 
the  depths  of  the  forest,  he  was  attacked 
by  a  wild  beast  from  which  he  could  not 
escape  or  hope  to  beat  o£E  with  his  bare 
hanos,  he  mignt  have  cast  around  him  for 
some  means  of  defense  and  have  picked  up 
a  large  rock  and  hurled  it  at  the  onrushing 
brute.  Stunned  by  (lie  sudden  blow,  his 
attacker  might  have  halted  momentarily, 
and  thus  allowed  the  savage  to  make  good 
his  escape.  He  had  discovered  that  he  could 
strike  a  harder  blow  than  the  blow  of  his 
fist,  at  a  greater  distance  than  the  length 
of  his  arm.  And,  after  all,  a  modem  rifle 
is  simply  a  mechanical  means  of  striking 
an  enormously  hard  blow  at  a  great  dis- 
tance. 

Prehistoric  man  and  his  descendants  thus 
learned  to  throw  missiles  and  became  hunt- 
ers of  game.  Next,  some  genius  of  the 
tribe  discovered  that  by  placing  the  stone 
in  the  center  of  his  skm  girdle,  whirling  it 
around  his  head  and  then  releasing  one  end, 
the  stone  would  fly  to  a  much  greater  dis- 
tance and  with  greater  speed.  Thus  the  sling 
became  an  effective  weapon  of  the  chase, 
and  companies  of  sling^men  formed  the 
armies  of  that  day.  The  sling  is  frequently 
mentioned  in  the  Old  Testament,  and  every 
one  is  familiar  with  the  story  of  the  valiant 
David  slaying  the  giant  Goliath  with  his 
sling  and  a  carefully  selected  stone  from  the 
brook.  In  early  historic  times  battles  were 

Digitized  by  VJWVJV  IV^ 


1918 


THE    OUTLOOK 


69 


"^- 


% 


A  ptifr/iy  jmttfm  often  menus  a  miss, 
many  times  a  rrippie,  ami  sometimes 
bcuily  muiiltitnl  gtmu 


The  hnnUhittimj  Winf'hfstei-  jtttttTn 
is  ereiily  illttrihnt'-tl.  A'"  ganie  ffeti 
through^  and  no  game  is  mutilated 


Is  your  game  getting  away 

because  of  faulty  pattern? 


J  F  there's  one  thing  that  spoils  a  day's 
luinting,   it  is   a   gun   that  shoots  a 
patchy  pattern. 

Patchy  patterns  lead  to  the  mutilating  of 
one  bird,  and  the  missing  or  crippling  of 
the  next,  at  a  like  distance. 

In  taking  wing-shots  at  ducks  or  upland 
birds,  therefore,  an  even  spread  of  the 
pellets  is  essential — not  for  one  shot,  or  two 
shots,  but  for  every  shot. 

Try  the  Winchester  Model  12 

Shooting  its  own  ammunition,  the  Win- 
chester Model  12  delivers  an  even,  hard- 
hitting shot  pattern  at  the  range  for  which, 
its  muzzle  is  constricted.  With  any  kind  of 
skill  at  pointing,  you  are  bound  to  get  a 
good  bag  of  unmutilated  birds. 

The  Winchester  Model  12  is  a  light, 
superbly-balanced  shotgun,  of  graceful  de- 
sign. Pointing  it  is  as  easy  as  pointing  your 
arm.  It  is  simple  and  sure  in  operation,  and 
it  works  smoothly  in  whatever  position  it  is 
held. 

For  those  who  prefer  a  hammer  action 
run,  we  have  designed  the  Model  97.  It  is 
built  on  lines  similar  to  the  Model  12,  but 


m 


has  hammer  action.    As  a  fowling  piece  it 
is  exceedingly  effective. 

An  axiom  of  gun  making 

Men  who  know  guns  reaUze  that  the 
accuracv  and  durability  of  a  gun  depend 
primarily  upon  the  barrel.  To  them  the 
quality  of  the  barrel  measures  the  quality 
of  the  gun.  With  Winchester,  the  oarrel 
is  the  gun.  For  years  this  has  been  an 
axiom  of  gun  building  in  the  Winchester 
shops.  Through  the  most  unremitting  at- 
tention to  boring,  finishing,  and  testing, 
Winchesterhas  developed  a  single  standard 
of  barrel  quality  which  prevails  in  the  high- 
est and  lowest  priced  Winchester  models. 

How  the  barrel  is  bored 

The  barrel  of  the  Winchester  Model  12 
is  bored  to  micrometer  measurements  for 
the  pattern  it  is  meant  to  make.  The  degree 
of  choke  exactly  offsets  the  tendency  of  the 
shot  to  spread.  Until  its  pattern  proves  up 
to  the  Winchester  standard,  no  gun  can 
leave  the  factory.  The  nickel  steel  construc- 
tion preserves  the  original  accuracy  forever. 

The  Bennett  Process,  used  exclusively  by 
Winchester,  gives  the  Winchester  barrel  a 
distinctive  blue  finish  that,  with  proper  care, 
will  last  a  lifetime. 


What 


Means 


Look  for  this  mark  on  the  barrel  ot  a 
Winchester  gun.  It  means  that  the  gun  has 
been  subjected  to  the  iVinchesler  Defini- 
tive Proof  test.  It  stamps  the  gun  with 
Winchester's  guarantee  of  quality,  which 
has  50  years  of  the  best  gun-making  repu- 
tation behind  it. 

Every  gun  that  bears  the  name  Win- 
chester, and  that  is  marked  with  the  Defini- 
tive /'roo/'stamp,  has  been  fired  many  times 
for  smooth  action  and  accuracy.  It  has  also 
been  fired  with  excess  loads  as  a  test  of 
strength.  At  every  stage  of  Winchester 
manufacture,  machme  production  is  supple- 
mented by  human  craftsmanship.  Every 
Wiiuhester  gun  is  perfected  by  the  test  ana 
adjustment  process.  , 

It  is  this  care  in  manufacturing  that  has  pro- 
duced, in  the  Model  12  and  Model  97,  guns 
of  unsurpassed  game-getting  qualities — guns 
which  have  won  the  name  of  "  The  Perfect 
Repeaters  "  among  wild-fowl  hunters. 

Write  for  the  clateam]  *p«cifioa6oiu  of  111*  Mixlel 
12  and  97,  and  abo  far  our  n«w  bookJ«t  on  ahoUs. 

Winchester  Repeating  Arras  Company 
Dapt.  SSI  Naw  Havan.  Cona..  U.  S.  A. 


UOHEL  12.  Hmamviett  Taif-dotcn  Rrpeattng  ahotmiM.   Uiulf  in 
ffmiffe.  V€if/U  about  7H  tbt. ;  tn  IG  gintge.  wfig/lt  aboui  b  Ibt. ;  tn  'JO  giiu^.^. 
wmahl  about  6  lbt.—Tn*T*  popular  vUh  women  and  new  thooUrt  beeauee  of 
tu  fightnfu  and  v«ry  riigni  recoil 


lfofiel97.  Tair-dawn  R^prfitimg  S/tvtgun.  Mnde.  in  1?  gang^.  trright  ithotU 
TJi  tha, ;  im  1ft  gnng^,  weight  tihout  7h  tb*.  The  fnrorite  icitA  thootert  If  A* 
vre/ar  a  slide  /orearn  r^jjenting  tholgun  u^ith  a  hammer 

World  Standard  Cant  amd  Ammanition 


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THE   OUTLOOK 


11  Septemlier 


Always  Among 
the  High  Gun5 

*  High  scoi-es  at  the  traps  can  be  adiievetl  only  with  guns  in 
perfect  working  order.  Always  among  the  hig^i  guns  at  the 
tournaments  you'll  find  the  wise  sliootei-s  using 

3-in-One 

The  Universal  Gun  Oil 

Successful  traphootere  and  game  hunters  everywhere  have  used  3-in-One 
over  'JO  years.  They  prefer  this  high-gjiule  oil  because  it  always  keeps  their 
firearms  in  the  smoothest  working  condition.    Never  gnnis  or  collect*  dirt. 

.^in-<.hie  not  only  lubricates  perfectly  the  magazine,  trigger,  shell  extractor, 
hanmier  and  break  joints,  but  it  absolutely  prevents  rust  forming  inside  or 
outside  the  barrels  and  on  every  other  metal  I»rt.  Tleaiis  the  barrel  of 
burned  black  powder  residue.  Also  cleans  and  polishes  the  wooden  stock  and 
fore-end.  Keeps  the  whole  gun  bright  and  shinv,  like  new.  I>>ading  firearm 
manufacturers  use  and  recommend  IVin-Oiie.    Try  it  yourself  ! 

;^in-(>ne  is  sold  at  all  stores — in  2.^c  Handy  Oil  Cans  and  in  ISc,  25c  and 
50o  bottles. 

C"  U  r  r      Libernl  sample  of  3-in-One  Oil  and  Dictionary 
X^  IxCtfCj     of    Uses  —  both    Free.     Write   us    a    postal 

Three-in-One   Oil   Co.,  165   AEG.   Broadway,  New  York 


The  Story  bf  Firearms  (Continued) 
often  thus  decided  by  the  selection  of  a 
champion  by  each  side,  who  then  fought  it 
out  while  the  contending  forces  played  the 
part  of  spectators.  This  same  idea  was 
often  earned  out  in  the  davs  of  chivalry 
when  a  knight  was  selected  m>m  each  side 
to  meet  in  mortal  combat. 

The  early  races  were  probably  better 
ai-med  than  we  imagine.  Early  £^ptian 
inscriptions  show  the  skillful  use  of  the 
sling.  £xpert  slingmen  were  also  found  in 
the  Roman  army  and  were  called  fundi- 
tori.  The  early  Australian  aborigine  in- 
vented the  boomerang  and  throwing-stick 
for  hurling  spears.  I^  has  made  little  im- 
provement in  these  weapons  even  up  to  the 
present  day.  The  use  of  the  sling  was 
almost  universal  for  centuries.  Its  last  ap- 
pearance for  military  purposes  in  Europe, 
as  far  as  we  know,  was  at  the  siege  of  8an- 
ceiTC  in  1572. 

The  bow  was  evolved  at  a  little  later 
stage  than  the  sling,  and  soon  became  pre- 
eminent as  a  hunting  weapon.  Armed  with 
the  bow  and  arrow,  man  became  the  lord  of 
creation.  No  longer  did  he  fear  the  prowl- 
ing beasts,  but  went  out  boldly  and  hunted 
the  fierceat  of  them.  And  so,  free  to  come 
and  go,  be  was  able  to  spread  into  vari- 
ous lands  and  to  organize  the  tribes  and 
nations  which  at  last  gave  us  civilization 
and  history.  Soon  we  find  armies  made  up 
largely  of  archers,  and  the  bowman  plays 
a  conspicuous  part  in  mediaeval  history. 

The  first  bows  were  probably  made  by 


thinning  down  the  horns  of  an  ox  and  join- 
ing them  at  the  base.  This  gives  almost  tibe 
exact  form  of  the  classical  bow.  Grecian 
bows  were  originally  of  horn,  and  later  of 
wood.  The  strings  were  of  horsehair  or 
thongs  of  hide.  Arrows  were  of  Ught  wood 
or  reeds  tipped  with  barbed  points.  Many 
savage  races  poisoned  the  tips  of  their 
arrows  and  spears. 

The  picturesque  bandits  and  outlaws  of 
Britain,  livinp;  by  the  chase,  developed  the 
famous  English  longbow.  This  bow  was  a 
deadly  weapon  op  to  a  distance  of  400 
yards.  Archers  were  gradually  employed  in 
the  English  armies,  and  many  famous 
deeds  of  the  Scottish  longbowmen  are  told 
by  Sir  Walter  Scott  and  other  writers.  The 
battles  of  Crdcy,  Poictiers,  and  Agincourt 
were  won  for  the  English  by  the  great 
skill  of  these  longbowmen.  llieir  arrows 
could  pierce  armor  as  well  as  a  musket-ball, 
and  the  flower  of  French  chivalry  could 
not  withstand  the  clouds  of  barbed  shafts 
which  did  terrible  execution. 

It  is  recorded  that  archers  shooting  be- 
fore King  Edward  YI  at  considerably  over 
two  hun(&ed  and  twenty  yards  pierced  an 
oak  plank  one  inch  in  thickness,  several  of 
the  arrows  passing  right  tlirough  the  plank 
and  sticking  into  the  butts  at  the  back. 
The  legends  of  old  England  teU  of  many 
famous  Dowmen.  We  have  all  delighted  in 
the  tales  of  Robin  Hood,  Little  Jonn,  and 
their  merry  men  displaying  their  skill  with 
the  bow  in  the  depths  of  the  greenwood. 
Robin  Hood  is  the  great  sportsman,  the 


incomparable  archer,  the  loverof  the  g^reen- 
wood,  and  of  a  free,  brave,  and  adventor- 
ous  life. 

Contemporary  with  the  English  bow  wss 
developed  the  Continental  crossbow  or 
arbalist,  a  weapon  developed  from  the  an- 
cient catapult.  The  crossbow  was  looked 
upon  as  a  most  cruel  and  barbarons 
weapon,  and  Pop«  Innocent  III  forbade 
its  use  among  Christian  nations,  but  sanc- 
tioned it  in  fighting  against  infidels.  Richard 
I  introduced  the  crossbow  into  the  Ejig- 
Jish  army  arainst  the  wish  of  the  Pope ; 
and,  being  killed  a  few  years  later  by  a 
shot  from  one  whUe  besie^ng  the  castle  of 
Chaluz,  his  death  was  considered  as  a  judg- 
ment from  heaven  inflicted  upon  him  for 
his  impious  conduct. 

Tlie  crossbow  was  another  step  towards 
the  day  of  the  rifle.  The  bow  was  made  of 
steel  and  was  mounted  on  a  wooden  frame, 
one  end  of  which  was  rested  on  the  shoulder 
for  a  brace.  The  crossbow  was  very  slow 
and  awkward  to  load,  and  its  range  was 
considerably  less  than  that  of  the  longbow. 
It  was,  however,  very  accurate  at  a  short 
range.  It  was  probably  a  crossbow  th^ 
William  Tell  einploved  in  the  celebrated 
apple  feat  attributetf  to  him.  The  crossbow 
fired  bolts  and  auarrels  and  occasionally 
"fire-arrows,"* pellets,  and  stones.  Cross- 
bows are  still  carried  by  Chinese  soldiers  in 
some  of  the  interior  provinces. 

And  now  comes  the  most  momentous 
step  in  the  development  of  weapons  of 
offense  with  the  discovery  of  gunpowder 
and  its  adaptation  to  firearms.  Uonpowder 
was  known  in  the  East  from  times  of  dim- 
mest antiquity.  The  introduction  of  an 
explosive  mixture  into  Europe  followed  the 
first  Mohammedan  invasion.  Gunpowder 
was  used  at  the  siege  of  Constantinople  in 
668,  and  the  Arabs  or  Saracens  are  re- 
ported to  have  used  it  at  the  siege  of  Mecca 
m  690.  In  a  sea  conflict  between  the 
Greeks  and  Pisanians  in  1098,  the  former 
had  fire-tubes  fixed  at  the  prows  of  tlieir 
boats.  But  the  real  discovery  of  gunpowder 
in  Europe  is  commonly  attributed  to  two 
monks,  Roger  Bacon  in  England  and 
Berthold  Schwartz  in  Germany.  Roger 
Bacon,  while  experimenting  in  his  labora- 
tory, discovered  the  explosive  properties 
of  a  certain  combination  of  saltpeter.  In 
his  writings  he  recorded  the  formula  of  this 
mixture  as  the  result  of  his  investigations. 
*  Berthold  Schwartz  studied  Bacon's  works 
and  carried  on  experiments  which  resulted 
in  the  actual  manufacture  of  Kunpowder 
about  1320.  It  was  soon  adopteain  Central 
Europe,  but  did  not  appear  in  England  until 
somewhat  later. 

The  earliest  forms  of  firearms  which 
appeared  in  Europe  were  small  cannon  of 
forged  iron,  which  shot  arrows  or  stones. 
Mahomet  II  possessed  a  huge  cannon  at 
the  siege  of  Constantinople  in  1453.  It  is 
reported  to  have  been  48  inches  in  diameter 
and  fired  stone  bullets  of  600  pounds 
weight.  This  was  a  worthy  forerunner  of 
the  modern  German  "  big  Bertha  "  which, 
has  recently  been  shelling  Paris.  By  the 
middle  of  tne  fifteenth  century  the  produc- 
tion of  large  cannon  became  quite  common 
in  Germany. 

The  first  small  arms  were  earliest  and 
best  developed  in  Italy  and  Germany.  At 
first  the  chief  advantage  supposed  to  be 
possessed  by  firearms  was  the  terror  and 
confusion  caused  by  their  use.  Their  range 
and  caliber  were  soon  increased,  however, 
and  their  value  for  destructive  poiposea 
was  quickly  appreciated. 

The  first  hand  gun  came  into  practical 
use  in  1446  and  was  of  very  rude  construe^ 


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The  Story  qfFirearvu  ICotUinued) 

ion.  It  consisted  of  a  simple  iron  or  brass 
ube  with  a  touch-hole  at  uie  top  fixed  in  a 
it^x^ight  wooden  stock  the  end  of  which 
MMsed  under  the  right  armpit  when  the 
^un  was  about  to  be  fired.  A  match  was 
uade  of  cotton  or  hemp  and  boiled  in  a 
itrong  solution  of  saltpeter.  A  cock  or 
terpentine  was  fixed  in  the  gun  to  hold  the 
natch,  which  was  brought  down  to  the 
griming  by  a  trigger,  whence  the  term 
3iatchlock.  Matchlocks  are  still  in  use  by 
^e  Chinese,  Tartars,  and  Persians. 

An  early  form  of  hand  firearm  was  the 
a&nd  cannon  or  culverin.  These  were  of 
»inall  bore  and  were  extensively  used 
towards  the  close  of  the  fifteenth  century. 
Tlie  hand  culverin  required  two  men  to 
operate  it.  One  man  leveled  and  held  the 
wreapon  steady  during  discharge,  while  his 
companion  applied  the  priming  and  the 
match.  These  hand  cannon  were  largely 
used  by  the  Emperor  Sigismund  in  his 
Roman  campaign  m  1430,  when  they  created 
a  great  sensation.  Their  accuracy  in  hitting 
w^as  small,  however,  and  the  trouble  of 
loading  was  great,  while  their  imperfections 
were  as  numerous  as  those  of  the  gun- 
powder with  which  they  were  fired. 

The  early  matchlocKs  were  very  slow- 
firing  and  uncertain.  English  musketeers 
in  the  battle  of  Dunbar,  in  1650,  experi- 
enced great  difiSculty  in  retaining  their  fire 
because  of  a  dense  fog  and  a  heavy  rain 
the  night  previous,  which  dampened  their 
matches.  In  1638,  at  Wittenmergen,  the 
musketeers  of  the  Duke  of  Weimar  shot 
only  seven  times  during  the  action  that 
lasted  from  noon  till  eight  o'clock  in  the 
evening. 

As  stated  above,  the  object  of  the  early 
^runners  was  to  frighten  ;  guns  were  made 
expressly  for  ttie  loud  report  caused  by 
firing  tnem.  Montaigne  wrote  in  1585, 
when  numerous  improvements  had  been 
made,  that  "  the  effect  of  firearms  apart 
from  the  shock  caused  by  the  report,  to 
which  one  does  not  easily  get  accustomed," 
was  so  insignificant  that  he  hoped  they 
would  be  discarded. 

To  add  to  the  terror  of  the  «nemy  a 
variety  of  peculiar  firearms  were  produced. 
The  "  Holy  Water  Sprinkle  "  was  much 
favored  by  the  English,  and  had  four  or 
more  barrels  joined  and  arranged  in  the 
same  manner  as  the  chamber  oi  a  modem 
revolver.  This  could  be  discharged  several 
times  at  very  close  range. 

The  matcnlock  was  a  most  unsatisfac- 
tory weapon — it  burned  up  a  good  deal  of 
fuse  and  was  hard  to  keep  lighted.  So  in 
1517  the  wheel-lock,  an  improvement  on 
tlie  matchlock,  was  invents  in  Nurem- 
berg. In  this  a  notched  steel'  wheel  was 
wound  up  by  a  key,  like  a  clock.  Flint  or 
pyrite  was  held  against  the  jagged  edge  of 
the  wheel  by  the  pressure  ot  the  serpentine. 
Yon  pulled  tlie  trigger,  then  "  whir,"  the 
wheel  revolved,  a  stream  of  sparks  flew  off 
into  the  flash-pan,  and  the  gun  was  dis- 
chaived. 

About  1540  the  Spaniards  invented  a 
larger  and  heavier  firearm,  carrying  a  ball 
of  ten  to  the  pound,  called  a  musket.  This 
wei^Mn  was  introduced  into  England  before 
the  middle  of  the  sixteenth  century,  and 
soon  came  into  general  use  throughout 
Europe. 

As  a  sporting  weapon  the  gnn  niav  be 
said  to  oate  m>m  tne  invention  oi  the 
wheel-lock,  though  firearms  were  used  for 
sporting  purposes  in  Italy,  Spain,  and  Ger- 
many m  the  fifteenth  centoiy.  In  Great 
Britain  little  nae  appears  to  have 


mmm 


REMINGTON 
.  UMC   / 


<^W^- 


'^ 


RIFLES 

and  Metallic  Cartridge^ 

KEEP  tke  nglit  spirit  burning — tlie  ^ooi 
American  pioneer  spirit — and  get  some  -w^liole- 
some  recreation  and  some  game  tor  your  table,  ^ritk  a 
Remington  UMC  big  game  nne  and  cartridges. 

^^ith  a  Remington  UMC  Autoloading  or  Slide 
Action  R.epeater  m  your  nands,  loaded  vcitb  Remington 
UMC  Cartnages,  'when  your  'well  earned  chance  cornea 
to  bag  tnat  big  buck  you  'will  be  prepared  to  snoot  right. 

for  Shooting  Right 

No  bolt  or  lever  to  blindly  grab  and  ■w^ildly  yank — your 
hands  stay  right  in  snooting  position.  Easy  to  snoot  be- 
cause fit,  balance  and  sights  are  right.  And  bas  the 
•peed,  tne  accuracy  and  the  punch  to  do  its  'work 
quick  and  clean. 

Tbere  is  not  a  single  l>ehincl-the-times  model  or  out-of-date  feature 
in  the  Remington  UMC  line  of  big  game  rifles.  They  are  the 
leaders — leadership  hacked  by  the  Grand  Prize  Gold  Medal,  high- 
est possible  oi  honors,  "For  Modem  Firearms  and  Ammunition," 
avvarded  to  Remington  UMC  at  the  San  Francisco  Exposition. 

3o/tl  hy  Sporting  Goods  Dtalers  in  \our  Community 

Clean  %nA  oil  your  rifle  'witb  REM  OIL.  the  eotnbiiiA. 
tion  Powder  Solvent.  Lubricant   and  Ruat  Preventive 

THE  REMINGTON  ARMS  UNION  METALLIC  CARTRIDGE  CO.,  inc. 

Larg€»t  2^anufacturtr»  of  Fir*amit  and  Amtnunitten  tn  cA«  }X^orfJ 

WOOLWORTH  BUILDING  NEW  YORK  CITY 


made  of  firearms  for  game  shooting  until 
the  latter  half  of  the  seventeenth  century, 
and  the  arms  then  used  for  the  purpose 
were  entirely  of  foreign  make. 

A  manufactor3rior  sporting  arms  was  in 
existence  in  St.  Etienne,  France,  early  in 
the  sixteenth  century.  An  Italian  sporting 
work  published  in  lo69  informs  ns  tnat  the 
art  of  shooting  on  the  wing  was  first  prac- 
ticed in  Italy  about  1580, 

About  1635  the  modem  firelock  or  flint- 
lock was  invented.  A  flake  of  flint  was  fas- 
tened to  the  cock  and  when  the  tri«;er  was 
pulled  it  snapped  against  a  steel  plate. 
This  struck  off  sparks,  which  fell  into  the 
flash-pan  and  firm  the  charge.  The  match* 
lock  gradually  gave  way  to  the  flintlock, 
which  was  the  weapon  of  Marlborough's 
and  Wellington's  armies.    This  was  the 


famous  "  Brown  Bess  "  of  the  British  army. 
The  highest  development  of  the  flintlock 
is  found  in  the  fowling-pieces  of  the  end  of 
the  eighteenth  and  beginning  of  the  nine- 
teenth centuries,  particularly  those  made  by 
Joseph  Manton,  the  celeorated  English 
gunsmith  and  inventor.  The  flintlock  re- 
mained in  use  in  the  British  army  until 
1840. 

(Thia  article  will  b«  conoladed  in  next 
week's  iarae  of  The  Outlook) 

Among  other  sovroet  we  are  indebted  to  tkefoUout- 
ingfor  information  embodied  in  this  article : 

The  Winchester  Repeating  Armt  Co. 

The  Remington  Armt  Union  Metallic  Cartridge  Co. 

CoU't  Patent  Firearmt  Co. 

"  ITu  Oun  and  Il$  Dnelopment,"  ty  W.  W^ 
Greener. 

Article*  in  "  The  American  Skoottr." 


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1 

II  September 


FINANCIAL    DEPARTMENT 


All  Intimate  questions  from  Outlook  readers  about  inTestment  securities  will  be  answered  either  by  personal  letter  or 
in  these  pages.  The  Outlook  cannot,  of  course,  undertake  to  guarantee  against  loss  resulting  from  any  specific  invest- 
ment. Therefore  it  will  not  advise  the  purchase  of  any  specific  security.  But  it  will  give  to  inquirers  facts  of  record  or 
information  resulting  from  expert  investigation,  leaving  the  responsibility  for  final  decision  to  the  investor.  And  it  will 
admit  to  its  pages  only  those  financial  advertisements  which  after  thorough  expert  scrutiny  are  believed  to  be  worthy  of 
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The  securities  which  we  offer  have  been  thoroughly 
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These  securities  afford  a  liberal  yield  and  we  recom- 
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Muiuey  Bldg. 

BoMOK,  Mas*. 

MSUMStraet 

BcnALo.  K.  T. 
MAriiM  Buk  Bide. 

CmcAOo,  lix. 
127  So.  I«  tells  St. 


OmcimiATi,  Ohio 
Fourth  Natl.  Bk.  Bldg. 

CuviLAHS,  Ohio 
OuardUn  Bldg. 

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Mutual  Home  Bldg. 

DsirvBB.  Colo. 
ns  i;tb  street. 

l>n'Borr.  MicR. 
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Harttokd,  Co»ii. 
Conn.  Mutual  Bldg. 


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Nbw  OaLKAm,  La. 
301  Baroune  St. 

LoKDOH,  E.  C.  3  Eog.    W  Biahojagate. 

Short  Term  Notes 


8a>  FKAUCnOO,  OAb 

4M  CaHtontla  St. 


PrmBCBOH,  Pa. 
Farmera  Bank  Bldg. 

Portland.  MAnn 
396  Congreu  St. 

PoBTLAifD,  Ore. 

Rai  1  way  Exchange  Bldg. 
PaoiaDBNcR.  R.  I. 

Industrial  Tniat  Bldg. 
Richmond,  Va. 

ja4  Mutual  Bldg. 


.ITU,  Wabi 
ogeBldg. 


Hoge 

BnuiioriBLD,  MAaa. 
3rd  Natl.  Bank  Bldg. 

St.  Locis,  Ho. 

Bk.  of  ComorarM  BMc 
Washinotoh,  D.  C. 

741  l.ttli  8t.,  N.  W. 

Wilku-Barbx.  Pa. 
Mhiera  Bank  Bldg. 


Acceptances 


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1918 


THE  OUTLOOK 


73 


A    REORGANIZED    RAILWAY 

THE   RESULTS  OF  REORGANIZATION  FROM 
AN   INVESTOR'S   STANDPOINT 


IT  is  a  popular  fallacy  that  the  securities 
of  a  rail«ray  that  has  been  through  re- 
ceivership and  subsequent  Veorganiza- 
tion  are  to  be  viewed  askance,  or  even 
let  severely  alone. 

Mr.  Stuart  Da^ett,  in  his  very  human 
book  "  Railroad  Keorganization,  by  way 
of  definition,  says,  in  effect,  the  term  reor- 
anization  is  used  to  denote  the  exchange  of 
securities  for  the  principal  of  outstanding, 
unmatured  general  mortgage  bonds,  or  for 
at  least  fifty  per  cent  of  the  unmatured 
junior  mortgage  bonds  of  any  company,  or 
for  the  whole  of  the  capital  stocjc  This 
exchange  of  securities  must  take  place  upon 
a  considerable  scale.  Small  readjustments 
may  involve  valuations  of  specific  bits  of 
property,  but  they  do  not  require  that 
comprenensive  survey  of  the  relations  of 
all  parts  of  the  system  to  each  other  which 
distinguishes  the  general  reorganization. 

While  a  reorganization  is  often  tedious, 
expensive,  and  detrimental  to  the  business 
interests  of  the  corporation,  if  thoroughly 
done,  it  generally  brings  the  best  results. 
Many  of  the  railway  systems  which  we 
now  look  upon  as  the  strongest  in  the  coun- 
try— for  example,  the  Atchison,  Union 
Pacific,  and  Northern  Pacific — have  been 
throuffh  such  a  reorganization  to  their 
benem. 

The  typical  railway  reorganization  fol- 
lows the  failure  of  the  road  to  meet  the 
interest  on  its  outstanding  obligations. 
Whatever  the  immediate  reasons  tor  this, 
there  are  two  fundamental  causes.  First, 
the  latitude  which  railways  have  been 
allowed  in  capitalization  ;  witness  the  Erie's 
increase  of  its  per  mile  capitalization  from 
upwards  of  $80,000  in  1864  to  some  $117,000 
in  1872  without  a  corresponding  property 
increase.  The  second  is  excessive  competi- 
tion. The  detrimental  effect  of  this  has  in 
the  past  made  itself  felt  somewhat  in  rate 
cutting,  pursued  often  to  a  point  below 
cost,  but  chiefly  through  the  ill-considered 
acquisition  of  new  lines. 

The  difficulties  of  the  St.  Louis  and  San 
Francisco  Railroad  Company,  resulting  in 
its  reorganization  in  1916,  furnish  a  strik- 
ing illustration.  The  road  had  embarked 
upon  an  extensive  programme  of  expansion. 
Its  purchases  and  construction  of  such 
properties  as  the  New  Orleans,  Texas,  and 
Mexico,  the  business  of  which  proved  to  be 
of  practically  no  value,  was  the  real  cause 
for  the  default  in  interest  payments  on  the 
funded  debt 

The  reorganization  plan  finallv  adopted 
was  one  proposed  by  Frederick  Strauss,  of 
J.  &  W.  Seligman  &  Co.,  acting  with  repre- 
sentatives of  the  holders  of  the  refnnding 
mortgage  bonds,  general  lien  5e  and  others. 
By  thu  reorganization  the  capitalization  was 
reduced  by  nearly  thirteen  per  cent  and  the 
fixed  charges  from  nearly  nfteen  million  to 
a  little  over  nine  million  dollars.  Ample 
provision  was  made  for  future  workmg 
camtal. 

The  success  of  this  interesting  reorgan- 
ixation  Is  shown  by  the  increased  earning 
capacity  since  possessed  by  the  company. 
Announcement  was  recently  made  in  the 
newspapers  that  the  directors  of  the  new 
company — ^the  St.  Louis-San  Francisco 
Railway — are  expected  to  meet  soon  after 
the  signing  of  the  Government  railway  con- 
tract to  act  on  the  1918  interest  declara- 
tion on  the  income  mortgage  6  per  cent 


bonds.  Series  "  A,"  due  July  1, 1960.  These 
bonds  were  issued  in  the  reorg^ization  to 
the  amount  of  $35492,000.  Interest  on  them 
is  payable  annually.  On  October  1, 1917, 
full  o  per  cent  interest  was  paid.  In  that 
year,  after  allowing  for  fixed  charges,  6 
per  cent  interest  on  income  bonds,  and  6  per 
cent  on  preferred  stock,  the  balance  of  earn- 
ings available  for  common  stock  was  equal 
to  $4.75  a  share. 

If  a  railway  reorganization  proves  to  be  a 
thorough  house-cleaning  and  the  new  com- 
pany is  furnished  with  sufficient  funds  to 
carry  on  business,  there  is  no  reason  why 
tts  securities  should  not  be  sound.  Of  course 
a  purchase  of  a  share  in  the  equity,  good 
will,  and  earning  power  of  such  a  railway, 
represented  by  its  stocks^is  purely  a  specu- 
lation, although  experience  shows  them  to 
have  been  generally  profitable.  On  the 
other  hand,  its  bonds,  being  usually  a  con- 
solidated and  reduced  funded  debt,  repre- 
sent the  best  results  of  the  reorganization. 
Indeed,  they  are  frequently  to  be  preferred 
to  bonds  of  a  road  to  which  no  stigma  of 
receivership  attaches. 


QUESTION  AND  ANSWER 

Q.  I  have  oome  into  poMMiion  of  stock  on  the 
face  of  which  it  is  stated  to  be  full-paid  and  dod- 
aseesaable.  Being  nnveraed  in  financial  matters,  I 
will  greatly  appreciate  an  explanation  of  this 
phrase.  Also,  I  have  been  offered  water  bonds  of 
the  city  and  ooonty  of  Denver,  which  1  undeietand 
are  a  new  issne.  Can  yon  give  me  your  opinion  of 
them? 

A.  The  phrase  "  full-paid  and  non-assess- 
able" means  that  in  the  case  of  failure 
the  holders  of  stock  so  classified  cannot  be 
legally  compelled  to  make  further  pay- 
ment. 

This  has  a  bearing  on  the  article  on 
railway  reorganization  published  on  this 
page.  If  the  first-mortgage  issue  of  a 
corporation  be  foreclosed  and  the  first- 
mortgage  holders  take  the  property  for 
themselves,  the  stockholders  and  holders 
of  junior  bonds  lose  their  interest  in  the 
corporation  unless  willing  to  contribute 
more  or  less  heavily  to  the  new  capital  re- 
quired. In  this  way  full-paid  and  non- 
assessable stock  may  be  assessed,  although 
only  with  the  stockholder's  consent,  for  he 
has  the  option  of  giving  up  his  interest  and 
taking  the  loss. 

The  water  bonds  to  which  you  refer  are 
the  general  obligations  of  the  city  and 
county  of  Denver.  The  proceeds  are  to  be 
used  to  buy  the  plant  and  distributing  sys- 
tem of  the  Denver  Union  Water  Company, 
at  a  price  of  $13,970,000.  The  bankers 
interested  in  the  selling  syndicate  state 
that  the  net  earnings  of  uxe  water  company 
are  sufficient  for  the  payment  of  interest 
and  sinking  funds  on  the  total  debt  of  the 
city,  and  that  the  net  bonded  debt  of  Den- 
ver is  less  than  one-eighth  of  one  per  cent 
of  the  assessed  valuation.  In  buymg  mu- 
nicipal bonds  it  is  always  advisable  to 
secure  a  copy  of  the  legal  opinion.  Such  an 
opinion  does  not  in  any  way  guarantee  the 
value  of  the  security,  but  is  the  report  of  a 
competent  lawyer  to  the  effect  that,  after 
examination  into  the  details  of  the  issu- 
ance of  the  securities,  he  believes  that  it 
has  conformed  with  all  Uie  legal  reauire- 
nients  and  that  the  bonds  so  issuea  are 
valid  obligations  of  the  debtor. 


BUILDING  A 
RESERVE 


The  wise  investor  is  regu- 
larly investing  his  surplus  above 
war  tsoces  and  Govemtnent 
Bonds  in  short-term  securities 
o(  industries  essentisJ  to  our 
nation  in  both  peace  and  war. 

He  thus  secures  a  fairly 
liquid  and  high  interest  bear- 
ing investment  that  will  pro- 
■vide  a  strong  reserve  should 
there  be  a  business  depression 
following  the  war. 

Lei  us  send  you  our  Booklet 
O-200,  describing  aeoeral 
issues    of    this    character. 

/)*H'Bickmore&[]q 

III  BROADWAY.  NY 


Farm  Mortgages 

as  negotiated  by  us  combine  all  the 
advantages  of  safe  and  profitable  invest- 
ments. We  have  been  engaged  in  this 
business  here  for  46  years  without  loss 
to  an  investor. 

Wriufor  bockUt  arid  list  of  rmroffmngs. 

The  Humphrey  InTesbneDt  Co. 

I'his  business  established  by  L.  U. 
Humphrey,  later  Governor  ofKansas 


Liberal  Yield 
Positive  Safety 

A  LL  of  the  First  Mort- 
gage Real  Estate 
Serial  Oold  Bond  issues 
we  offer  are  baaed  upon 
new  property  that  is  in- 
come •  producing.  They 
are  non-fluctuating  and 
absolutely  safe.The  return 
is  ifo.  Write  for  booklet. 

"A  Bayar't  CaU»  to  Goodlnv—tmmU. " 

Federal 

Bond  6t  Mortgagt  Co, 

Harry  W.  Ford.  Prei. 
to  L  GrUmalJ  Stnmt  Dmtnil 


Digitized  by 


Googk 


74 


THE   OUTLOOK 


Taking  Stock  of  the  Future 

WE  are  publishing  a  series  of 
papers  describing  the  pre- 
parations now  being  made  for 
after-war  trade  by  various  coun- 
tries, including  Great  Briton, 
France,  Italy,  Canada,  Japan, 
Australia,  and  Germany. 

We  shall  be  glad  to  send  you 
these  papers;  also  the  following 
booklets  bearing  on  foreign  trade 
problems: 


Banking  Service  for  Foreign  Trade 

Export  TradeunderthelVebbLav) 

Acceptances    (in    Domestic    and 
Foreign  Trade) 

Financing  our  Future  Abroad 

A  complete  list  of  our  publica- 
tions now  available  for  distribu- 
tion is  given  in  our  leaflet,  "F*ub- 
licarions  of  Current  Interest" 


Guaranty  Trust  Company  of  New  York 

140  Broadway 


FiiTH  Ati.  Ornat  Kadiion  Ain.   Omcz         Lohdon  Orrici         Paiii    OrriCB 

Fifth  An.  &  43rd  Sc         Madnon  An.  &  6och  St.         32  Lombud  St. ,  E.  C.         RaeHcaltaHoH,  I4c3 

Capital  and  Surplus  $50,000,000  Resources  more  than  |6oo,ooo,ooo 


B^nili 


SHORT-STORY  WRfTING 

A  eoDTM  of  forty  Icmocm  in  tfao  hlotorr,  form, 

■traetoro.uidwTitliicoftliollksrt-atMTtaaslitlv 

Bn  J.  *i%  t«««»tl«.  hr  TMnUII«r«r  UfMMMt'a. 

JfO-pcvo  ootoioffiM/yvi.     PUoMoidrum 

THi  mu  ooBBwronmc*  sthool 


TAini  WANTC  <n«nirlii»  of  lioDMliold.ailacatieul, 
IVWIt  If  JMl  I J  fairinM.  nr  rmnwul  inrTlnn  rtnimiitln 
wwfc«n,  f  chtti,  iiiirMt,  bniliif  or  ^<i<<mlnrnl  mtitint*, 
«tCM  etc— whathor  yoa  raqidra  help  or  ere  eeeUng  e  dtiie 
tUn,  amj  be  filled  throagh  a  little  eiinoimccinflnt  In  the 
oleeilfied  oohuniu  ol  Tlie  Outlook.  If  70a  have  ■ome  article 
to  uHX  or  axchenge,  theae  oohunna  may  prore  ol  real  TaJne 
toronaetherhantomanrothen.  fleod  (or  d«eml|itl»e  dr- 
otUaraadotdar  blank  AND  FILL  TOUR  WANTS.  AddrMi 
I  dOmiti  ktmUm.  It  WHlOOi;.  381  farii  Att.  K  T. 


& 


INVEST  YOUR  SAVINGS 

Banka,  Tnuteee,  Inaoianoe  Companiea,  Inati- 
tatloaa.  Sto^  hare  inveated  with  tia  for  rean 
wllhoai  the  (on  of  a  cent  In  principal  or  inter- 
rat.  iDdiTldualaareinTitedtotakeadnuttase 


I  of  oar  Fint  Mortcwea  cm  tanprored  (arma.  $900  and 
TO.  2S  yeara'  ezperieooe.  " '  '~  ■"""■" 
Write  for  toll  particulars. 


oca.  Our  teooid  an  open  book. 


THE  FARM  MORTGAGE  TRUST  CO. 
503  J«okaon  St.  Top«ka.  Kansas 


NOT  ONE  DOLLAR  LOST 

UN  A 

DANFORTH  FARM  MORTGAGE 

I^    SIXXV    VCARS 

No  InvMtor  hu  over  (oredosed  %  Mortage,  teken  afoot 

of  land  or  lost  *  dollar  on  a  Danfortb  nm  Mortga^. 

For  farther  information  regarding  our  Farm  Loam  and 

Bonds  write  for  Booklet  and  Invaetors*  List  No.  58. 

AG-Danforth-£G) 


BANKERS 
WASHINGTON 


Foundsd  AD.  1858 

ILLINOIS 


HEALTH  CULTURE 

ELMER  LEE.  MJ>,  EDITOR 

FtetlalCoDtanti  of  September 

Ha7  FeTor 

Efaner  liae,  M.D. 

Breatkinf  and  Life 

John  i.  Mixm,  UJ>. 

Why  Women  Are  InrdUcb 

8.  W.  I>odd%  U.T>. 

Neorelgia  and  Toodi-Ache 

VJtSlatiA  a.  OnraU,  ILD. 

SpiritMin 

Edward  B.  Warman,  AJL 

Marriage  and  Health 

Giadya  Wantworth  Bajiioida,  KJX 

SocietT  During  War 

Ifitieab  Hadad 

Nerrouaneaa 

Wetter  i.  N.  Urlngrton,  H.D. 

lite  abore  are  a  fair  ol  the  featured  aitleiea  In 

Beptember  number. 

IB  centa  a  eopr  (l.SO  a  jmmr 

TrUl  oftar  4  ownllw  25c 

HEALTH    CULTURE 

308  SL  Jamaa  BniUinc  Naw  York 


^This  FREE  Shoe  Book 


ScrowoMi  wiu  poou>cr«>a>  mm  oeacHptitNia 
Envvar  sboM  for  Uco.Wanwo,  uwl  Oiildrwi. 


aweu-  aboas  are  ••wt 
a  «o  coTiibiiis  comfort. 


■go.  Woman  snd  CSilldraa. 
L.  Bb-le  sod  qaj^Htr!  t«  m 

y  *M»cfc^  Aiwikirtf  lew 


FE  Simon  Shoe'sPbV.:;;';- 


STANDARD     HYMN 
AMD 
PIRITVAL     SOISG 

Jnat  Ont.  A  New  Sons  Book.  Sample  copy  will 
damonitrateltaTalue.  Kxamination  Copy  Board  25c.  Clotli  3.V: 
The  BlKlow  and  Main  Co.,  Mew  York  •  Chicago 


11  September 

BY  THE   WAY 

A  New  Yoi^  (Sty  paper  prints  the  fo^ 
lowiitg  request  on  ue  part  of  Maey'a  de- 
partment store:  "The  War  Department 
asks  for  peach  stones.  Peach  stones  have 
a  valuable  and  important  war  nse.  Whether 
the  number  of  patches  yoo  use  is  large  or 
small,  please  save  the  stones.  They  may  be 
left  at  the  Liberty  Peach  Stone  Barrd, 
Broadway  near  our  35th  Street  entrance, 
where  they  are  being  collected  for  Uncle 
Sun.  The  stones  moat  be  dry." 

A  subscriber  writes :  "  My  mother,  Mrs. 
Rebecca  £.  Butler,  living  near  Kllabell, 
Gieorgia,  who  will  be  eighty-nine  years  old 
if  she  lives  until  the  fifteenth  daj  of  next 
February,  has  the  following  hvii^  de- 
scendants :  Children,  10 ;  Krandchuidren, 
86;  great-grandchildren,  135  ;great-great- 
mndehildren,  27  ;  total,  258.  lX>e8  Colond 
Roosevelt,  one  of  vour  former  editors,  «4io 
is  a  believer  in  large  families,  know  of 
any  family  that  can  excel  this  record  ?" 

The  above  paragraph  speaks  well  for 
€reorgia,  but  from  another  an?le  the  palm 
in  the  matter  of  fecundi^  is  claimed  ov  a 
Pennsylvania  town,  as  the  following  aes- 
patch  to  a  daily  paper  shows : 

Hatfield  High  School,  Mootgouiery  Goanty, 
elaims  the  diatinotion  of  beings  the  only  higrh  aehool 
in  the  oountry  to  graduate  a  claaa  in  which  then 
were  triplets.  The  girU,  sizteen  jtm*»  of  age,  an 
danghten  of  Mr.  and  Mn.  B.  K.  Swaitley.  It  it 
diffionlt  to  tell  the  giria  apart. 

"  How  many  ships  are  you  going  to  get 
into  the  water  this  fear?"  Mr.  Charles  M. 
Schwab  asked  Admiral  Bowles  at  the  Hog 
Island  yards,  as  reported  in  "  The  WorU's 
Work.  "  Our  prog^mme  calls  for  thirty- 
one,  bat  we  are  going  to  try  for  forty- 
e^ht,"  was  the  reply.  "  Make  it  fifty  and 
Yu.  see  that  yon  get  the  best  Jersey  cow 
in  America,  said  Mr.  Schwab.  Admiral 
Bowles  has  a  dairy  farm  and  Mr.  Schwab 
knew  it.  "  Pm  going  to  begin  picking  ont 
that  cow  right  awav,  retorted  the  Admiral, 
"  and  when  I  get  ner  I'll  lead  her  throagh 
Uie  yards  here  so  all  the  boys  can  see  her." 

An  English  clergyman,  according  to  the 
"  Presbyterian  Advance,"  was  grieved  to 
find  his  services  for  men  poorly  attended. 
He  expressed  his  regret  to  the  verger.  "  I 
really  think  they  ought  to  come,"  be  said, 
sadly.  "■  Tbaf  8  just  what  I've  said  to  them 
over  an'  over  again,"  said-the  verger,  consol- 
ingly. "  I  says  to  'em, '  Look  at  me,'  I  says; 
'  look  at  me  1  I  goes  to  all  them  services,' 
I  says, '  an'  wot  'arm  does  they  do  me  ?*" 

In  "A  Calendar  of  Leading  £xperi- 
mente,"  by  W.  S.  Franklin  and  Bwty 
MacNutt,  some  amusing  experiments  aT« 
interspersed  with  serious  ones.  Two  of  thi 
former  are  these  :  L  Arrange  a  phonogrwl 
so  that  it  can  be  driven  forwards  or  ba^- 
wards  at  will  and  reverse  a  faumliar  mel 
ody  like  «  Yankee  Doodle."  2.  Spin  a  hard 
boiled  egg  on  its  side ;  it  will  quickly  staai 
up  on  one  end. 

Among  "  Napoleon's  Maxims,"  as  sma 
marized  in  "Leadership  and  Militar 
Training,"  by  Colonel  L.  C.  Andrews,  i 
this  advice,  which  has  its  bearing  on  pre* 
ent  war  developments :  "  A  passive  dc 
fense  is  deadly,  and  does  not  win  battlei 
Aggressive  action  is  safer,  and  more  pro 
line  of  victory.  Troops  that  have  th 
initiative  hold  the  advantage  point.  Th« 
force  the  others  to  play  their  game." 

The  wonderful  collection  of  old  mafita 
in  the  Hemiitagu,  tlie  Imperial  art  gaDer 
of  Petrog^ad,  has  ceased  to  exist,  according 
to  press  despatches.  Thus  the  Bolshevil 


digitized  t5y  VJ^^*^ 


us^e  Bolshe 


I 
1918 

By  tk:  Wtv  tContimedt 
hafve  another  sin  laid  at  their  doors.  They 
petniitted  Grennan  agents  posing  as  Swedes 
arid  Norw^iians  to  bay  the  pictures  for 
trifling  sums  and  carry  them  off  to  the 
hope  of  Kultur.  When  the  day  of  resti- 
tu^on  comes,  these  paintings  must  be  put 
oa  the  litt  of  things  to  be  accounted  for. 

Josh  Billings,  the  hnmoiist,  was  not  ap- 
pfcciated  when  he  offered  his  first  contri- 
bution to  a  papvt  in  his  home  town,  accord- 
ing to  a  connepondent  of  the  "  Christian 
R^jister "  who  was  personally  acquainted 
widi  him.  He  then  concluded  to  follow 
Aitemns  Ward's  example  and  misspell  his 
articles  so  as  to  attract  attention.  "In  this 
absurd  shape,"  he  said*  "  I  sent  one  of  mv 
cmfortunate  productions  to  thn  '  New  York 
Weekly.'  I  soon  got  a  letter  accepting  my 
uannseript  and  asking  me  for  more.  In 
time  I  was  under  a  big  salary  not  to  write 
far  amy  other  paper."  One  of  Josh  Billings's 
•ocwHtricities  described  was  his  "  Lecture 
«■  llilk."  In  this  lecture  he  never  said  a 
m0ti  about  milk,  but  a  glassful  of  that 
3ifnd  stood  on  his  desk  while  he  talked 
WM  was  occasionaUy  sipped  by  him  as  he 
ipslke.  As  milk  was  his  support  while  he 
talked,  rather  than  water  or  something 
stronger,  his  lecture  was  in  truth  given 
■"  on  milk." 

In  these  days  when  the  maid-servant  has 
departed  to  the  monition  works  or  the 
hospital  no  right-minded  man  wiU  object 
te  sharing  the  household  tasks  with  his 
wife,  at  least  to  the  extent  of  wiping  the 
dklies.  If  there  be  any  recalcitrants,  this 
pasinge  of  the  Bible  may  be  read  to  them, 
laetdentally  it  indicates  the  masculine  pro- 
cedare  in  the  art  of  dish-wiping  according 
telte  Hebrews :  "  I  will  wipe  Jerusalem  as 
•ana  wipeth  a  dish,  wiping  it,  and  taming 
it  i9«de  down."  (2  Kings  xxi.  13.) 

If  a  despatch  from  Ocate,  New  Mexico, 
ia  eort^tt,  that  place  has  the  honor  of  har- 
borii^  tlie  youngest  old  man  in  the  coun- 
try. ^Matt  Crosby,"  it  reads,  "is  the  oldest 
cowboy  in  the  United  States.  Recently  he 
eelebrated  his  ninety-first  birthday  by 
breaking  in  a  younj^  horse  just  off  the 
raaga^  and  followea  this  by  roping  and 
tying  a  three-year-old  steer  in  a  htUe  more 
than  four  minutes." 

The  example  of  spryness  quoted  above 
ahould  be  encourag^mg  to  noni^enarians. 
Others  who  look  askance  at  the  doctrine 
attributed  (erroneously,  -  br  the  way)  to 
Dr.  Osier,  that  a  man's  usefulness  ceases  at 
forty,  may  take  heart  at  another  newspaper 
item,  to  tiie  effect  that  James  Douglas,  a 
New  Yorker  who  died  recently  leavmg  an 
estate  valued  at  $20,000,000,  sUted  in  his 
will  that  this  vast  fortune  was  accumulated 
After  he  had  arrived  at  the  age  of  forty. 

A  Grerman  who  has  become  a  thorough 
American,  Charles  F.  Heartman,  of  New 
York  City,  has  published  a  leaflet  in  which 
he  says :  "  I  am  only  seven  years  in  this 
country.  The  most  glorious  moment  of  my 
life  was  when  the  postman  handed  me  that 
long  white  envelope  that  I  knew  contained 
mr  nataralization  papers.  I  immigrated  to 
this  oonntry  as  a  pohtical  refugee. . . .  Ger- 
mans may  come  here  because  wey  are  dis- 
satisfied with  German  laws  or  because  of 
the  hated  militarism.  But  when  they  come, 
let  them  be  cut  off  from  German  influence, 
from  a  German  press,  from  a  German  club, 
and yoa  will  see  tnem  gettinc^acauainted  with 
American  ideals.  For  me  the  German  press 
and  a  large  number  of  German  clubs  are  of 
poisonous  consequences.  ...  I  am  in  favor 
of  the  suppression  of  the  German  press." 


THE  OUTLOOK 


75 


THE 
CHALLENGE 

of  the 

PRESENT  CRISIS 

By  Harry  Emerson  Fosdick 

A  book  that  breathes  the  spirit  of 
the    determined    Christian    warrior. 

Read  what  an  artillery  officer  at  the  front  wrote 
to  the  folks  at  home: 

"  I  want  to  tell  you,  too,  while  the  opportunity  is  at 
hand,  of"  the  wonderful  and  important  influence  Dr. 
Fosdick's  new  book,  The  Challenge  of  the  Present  Crisis, 
is  having  thruout  the  country.  I  put  it  down — with  eyes 
sparkling — and  fists  clenched — with  determination  anew 
to  rid  the  world  rf  this  German  pest — but  also  with 
wider  view  of  the  world  problems  involved  in  this 
war — with  new  strength — new  hope — new  faith  for 
the  future  of  civilization.  Not  only  have  I  been  thus 
affected  but  many  of  my  friends  the  same." 

In  Mr.  Fosdick's  fearless  analysis  of  the  value  of  force  and 
its  limitations,  the  place  of  militarism  in  a  Christian  civilization, 
and  other  fundamental  elements  in  the  present  situation,  which 
constitute  a  challenge  to  Christian  churches  and  individuals,  he 
proves  afresh  his  power  to  interpret  the  current  thoughts  of 
men  and  to  guide  fhem  to  higher  levels. 

You  should  have   a  copy — ^what   it  has  done 
for  others  it  will  do  for  you. 

At  all  Bookstores 

ASSOCIATION    PRESS 

347  Madison  Ave.,  New  York 


Digitized  by  VJWVJV  l*^ 


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THE   OUTLOOK 


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itedHpace.  Not  ka  tliaa  foor  liui  aooeptad.   In  oaleolatinK  qiaee  teqabed  for  a>  admliiiaail.  ewt  as  Brence  of  as  word*  to  tll» 

-  Wt "  aitiiitmiaiBH.  — der  the  Tarioas  headiiiga,  "Boatd  and  Rooma,"  "H«lp  Wanted,"  te..  tea  eeate  for  aaeb  wad  or  nitial,  IntdadiiiK 
tihe  aadrB—.  tor  eacfa  iawf  ftioo.  The  fi»«t  wocd  of  eaeh  "  Want "  ad»eititeii>ent  ia  let  ia  capital  letten  wkhoat  iiliBliii— I  nfciin-  OUmt  vocdi 
^  ha  aet  B  laiiilih.  if  deved,  at  doaUe  tatea.  If  annren  an  to  be  addraaaed  ia  can  of  The  Ootiook,  twcatjr-five  oenW  ia  ehused  for  the  bs 
I  the  aJwif— iial.   Replies  wiQ  be  forwaided  by  na  to  the  adTcrtiser  and  biU  for  pnsrage  leaiiataii.  Spsrial  husiBaci  aivsapnite  to 


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■ASSACNUSETTS 


A    HOrELPURn 

^^^K  Of— iWi»JfcJ»«-B— 

.^^^^  aaȴSii  a* ar  Pa>a 
^B^^Mr  ai«  kaBf!>«>  MW>a  a 

e^<>iiailr     »»<  urn  lirSl!ri>»ilK  - 


a  «Sa*  a*  ar  ra>»  wjf 
ai«  kaaiiikr  laWia  axwaM. 


■  Ian  AteTini  ar  Mat 


Wsl 


1HE  WELDON  HOTIL 

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X.EHKADV  MASS. 

The  L«eslie 

■  I.I  asj  Mitli  Tirarr  TrTt*- 


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it  a  pta<«  ahen   3«a  (an 

the    «*T    aaMe<«    <if    the 

the  air  is  Kt*  and 

bwe  th«  firx  htrht 

^  iraoded   hiUi  a»d 

.   .  .  &Ms  with  IftcrMa*  eokw. 

Ae   aaeoa   aM«ns   buim'   and 

leatiasaeenhnghtxT.  That  p)ao»  >< 

Meredith  Inn 

In  the  CatskiUs 

Skr  Tia  !■■  an  ol*t»«biail  Wi>liW  itr, 

.         .-    ^-  -,      ---  --^T^ 

R  bi«l  «tH«i  nM«l«^ 

4aae^4^^«B  Mt^l  ft  rnoni 


Iqaial  talba:\l  tsKlM  is 

<Mait<a  tli»  U^K  and  k 

Jkjniaa  t«r  thr  (vvxmiMK* 

■MM.  t<w  «nll  Kkf  MMvMk 

M  <a>k*  FkU  TMWTttMab 

■.1 


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^  tow«^  iwrnacii  at  todtl  tmi  dm- 


HOTEL  JUDSON  '^S'lSSi'S' 

Jndaja  llMaoriKl  Chorch.    Roaao 
SLWptrdn. 

lortmaatis 

or  Mora.  LooKlioa  vory  canttmL  Ooavsafeoat 
to  all  •tormtol  tud  acnat  cu  Haat. 


STOP  AT 

HOTEL  BOSSERT 

oa  aiMoetatic  Brouktjra  BaicMt 
aad  anjoT  tha  arl  ■  ■lataio  <t 

THE  MARINEROOF 

tha  Boat  toBooa  fxMt  in  AoMric*.  Dbsa  SM 
faat  ia  tha  air.  irfth  a  paooKTWluc  Tiew  at 
K«v  Tock  Hubor  atntduac  before  700  lor 
«l  I*  milaa.  DanriBK  II  Toa  lika. 
Writ*  lor  tookMB. 


SOUTH    CAROLIMA 


PINE  RIDGE  CAMP  ^'^P*- 


Idaaltor  oatJoor  lao  ta 
aad  IndliMual  cabina.  C«rti«*d  nqr  wawc. 
Northom  cooktag.    RaS««  modmvte.   wcita 
lliM  ORl^ROIA  K.  CROOKKR  or 

Mhs  MART  K.  SAXBORS,  Aikan,  S.  a 


Health  Resorts 


Springs 


Wif.  S.  LFrr/XSWRLU  ihrt. 

A  imiatu  sntiNGs  asian 

RCSORT  AND  HOTa 

ni*  aniT  !<)*<«  la  Ihh  raantrr  aVt* 
U<*  Natiimm  lUltM  fnr  Hatit  anl 
OimtlattMx  t>ts>,M\l»i«  »>♦  cimt  vMi  a 
Nalura)  0«k'<a«  Chlond*  Bnn*. 

TIta  Rtonaar  Amarican  "OMra** 

for  Naart  Dlaor^ara 
T1>»  trtatnwtil*.  \»k»m  <h»  diT»«-«i.iB  tt 
vilvlMana.  ar»  l«rtK-«Wil,T  a>)aa>l<Nl  t» 
HMUt  !>«•«•>».  Om-MkUMT,  KNlnfT. 
Kn<nt».>»*l  iu»l  S»^>^-<l•  l>»Mvt»ra, 
Rh^maMtlsm,  l^^ut  aiM  Obaalty. 
AHWMtaanirKrmlkws.  riNKOOUT. 


CrMt  View  SaiMttoriuin 

eraaa wioti.  C*.  _riri«-.-»a»  m  all  reai<*>-ta, 
koaa  eoarforts.       H.  M.  Hircmwa.  M.IK 


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lt«Mrtlt»l  «»•«,  nm>\\\  an.1  »!>>«..»)■»«  lV« 
p  -rmn  .<  •«».>v»»i»l  ».~-.V  Ir  .•..-.vviX  t» 
hatUa,  itnontal-w  airxl  w.nk^  );<►  >  .%><» 
t\*rt    aiM    \>MU-«tH^^>*      \.x>Nffim.vt»l>.>aM  ^il 

antianor  »»«»• «« \  \S«^m>>#^  >>i  1  hy  i-.*.;  >  .>  ^  *va- 
taw  aMWi'«iR> .  rro.1  w  S»»»nt  Si  ,  V  t^, 
Kal.  W.  »ra«Mt,  it,  M.tv,  t><«lH«.  S  t 


Health  Resorts 


LINDEN  1^ 


.r>-Aai 

tlatairi . 

tiaiaM.  Mliini.  BtamaJry. 
kpptj   tar   omlar 
aooTT  Wuim,  ILD. 
(Ma  «f  Iha  WaJiar  avaan^i 


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aara.  HaiTMt  E-BiiiwiMJujialiilTr 


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iM  tnsL  U  tma  hadiXi  laat  traal^  oa 


Indha  Bircr.  Marrina  lili  I    nrc^wa  c(«- 
tac^raeidac  aad  baaa  b«aa.  Piioa  SHLiw. 
tanak  Grcnra  v^u  par  !«■  ^  £h  iaveaba^ia. 
BODIFUafriitmtt,  nm*t. 


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Fiirniah«d  cottace  for  a_  

Octoliar.  RaM  fUa.  iBc4Bd:ac  anod  aad  ice. 
Va.  S.  SaTcaiu.  0>aic.  £i^  HiH,  S.  H. 


Xaattarta 


POK  KKVT 


TAMWORTH.  N.*K 


khod:  MnclkNors  ■c4  ciiitnTt  and 

beat  t«>nEUL  (iiri^T^nc  pvrv-^Mik  t»t» 

iVfvoi&Skr  tmmrt  and   v:f ->  w4o  tn.-'v 
aT^ttASlf  icf  V  >«^    rv«««s  and  fni: 
t»%«  «iu  Tyv^nwL.    TVr  aflMAV.  fl.3Mi. 
ttkin   )kraM>B.    A'bk.'t  w«r-W  c.^tvv 
funusb^l.  nMKV  f :  "^     0    ti.  UO AU,  • 
liBBaakEMc     "^ 


rev 

fra:u 
ri»oa 


it 


SOUTH   CAROLIHA 


X      taadmc  Sax.:^  ai^:  tx-  port  and  raMr 
to«nal  ?>«*•«.  ifcTc-  >»»s^i*»r-#  T»--»Vrc  tw»- 

RlT«r.  Mt«t  »,V<Kr%V  w  >*•-  U*^*^  »-=:t*T  b.^lD«L 

'^^ *-  r.  rr«ac  9  Brjni  St.  I'larhaa  ■  S.  C, 


TCNNCRRCC 


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rOK  SAI.K    ill  i:*|tt  TV«»««*r« 

^<mM-  <4  rw«4rfd  'y^1*,-I»U    ^   fcTTW*.   ,^  ^y-Ttf 

}  l»n«v     .<-\:»er-%      Cfc-.v-.i*   kj-i    :w-i     i^^tz. 
0\\\i  nKX.-..jA.v.  r.W^Ai^UkSi^  *.^  fviA  •  rmn. 

V^;  r.r>  ;•*»■♦. ''■.■5  ■^  *!'•  ^rf•.l  t^fz     -i^   fi^*^ 
1"K'  Uv^iA.  tfT'  ;,  TV  ni  KMi'i   jiMimntSmac 


HELP  WANTED 


Sitttatieffw 

KKBBOIDKREB8  OS  fa^uts*  ^*«  a^ 

fcanate.  Woife  aak  oak  of  town.  Tbe  B-  E. 

BMiii»iO>L,»BMmtau,N— TottCitT 

HU^WAVTKD.  MALK.  Aa  «xceptMaL 

muMWi^ty  ia  oflated  to  aoonpio  of  boya  bt- 

\  !•  yaaa  of  ac«.  Cbristiaiia.  vt^ 

lit  oa  a  baanoaa  oaraar  vttb  a 

in  Hew  Tort 

lor  adranraimant    Most  W 

,  ,  . :_fBll  of  pap.   Aak  1,T 

Fcartfe  A<a,  S.  T.  I 

Coaa—alow  aal  Domastic  Halpsn 

WASTED  — CoMpateaS    wnaan    to  tab 

iVna  «(  tor  ii>  jraaiBoU.  ITew  York  aid 


Cb^HT  Brachm.  X 
taeea  1  and  4  r.a. 


A^a.Oailaok- 
TAXm>-Tn^  tobr**  I 
■tair.  t,ai^<^ 

Ta 


foatina    Mia.  E.  6.  Ihiiaai].  Ftaiaflalfl.  5.  J 

WAXTm    riiiiiMaifia  g>rTom»ca 

ImioraiaSanhCaniaaa  tor  Anna 


VAVrSD-OaiafcIs  taackar  far  Ome  1:12 
ana  ana  to  IMltlia  Flaarn,  laiMi  ,  Lat 
giCantiadaannirfmad.  8^1,  Oatloot 

SmiATIONS   WAMTra~ 


•USI. 


OP  POa  1  UN1 1 1LS 


IF  v.^  ««ii1  k  m.V^T  .'^ntk3#  had  a  sm^ 
»».^^p^n  ft  N«avil  .fv."  S,v..; ;.  t^  >..  '  ..Ja^:«,  aa.^iM» 
J  li.  l)«t\itHY,  i>mK>aa,  I  Kv-«da. 


MRLF  WAimO    

.T.    •.'^ll    ■«-■-       \       \*1».  ".IfcTOk       T.\    --.     A.     i.Tt.  m  t- 


aHSCCLLANEOUS 


rATKIonSK  W  Lxpaa  AM 
•wraaa  ««  AiaWa-TWYla  ilaa  fca 
:  -eraaa ^ Tto^v*^  ■  asTTj 
IctKtMnM.  ran>ia  1^  «— a  at 


Digitized  by 


Google 


OK«  II  l!)|g 


Adhesive 
Plaster  Tape 


Strong 


Has  a  Thousand  Uses 

A  Rubber-Coated  Tape 

and   enduring.    It  sticks  to  anything  that's  dry  and 


stays  stuck.   It  mends  an3rthing,  and  mends  it  firmly,  whatever 
the  material. 

.^-.^  Saves  Countless  Dollars  ,  ..  u, 

ttmmJ*  Kabbm  Inmlmtma  Win 

Think  of  the  things  you  throw  away  when  a  bit  of  tape  could  Ever-Sticky  Rubber 

fDend  thein.  Yj^  j,  fabric   tape,  one  side  of  which  is  ever-sticky  rubber. 

Lawn  HM^formstance.  You  can  double  iU  life  if  you  mend  Su^eons  use  it  for  attaching  bandages,  for  holding  splints  and 

the  breab  with  B  &  B  Adhesive.  strapping  sprains.    Millions  of  yards  are  yearly 

Any  rubber  article  can  be  mended  instantly.  used  for  every  day  repairs. 

Lealuarestoppedinmetalpipes,andinautomobileinnertubes.  Be  sure  to  get  the  right  kind — B&B  Adhesive 

Clothing  tears  are  mended  so  you  cannot  Plaster  Tape.    Made  by  ex- 

see  them,  by  attaching  B&B  Adhesive  on  the        t  i        perts  in  a  special  way  to  fit 

under  side.  (j\     ^jv  this  all-'round  service. 

Grips  are   made  for  golf  dubs  and  for  ^yii^TI  ''  comes  on  spools  in  van- 

tennis  rackets.  Simply  wrap  them  with  the  tape  t^JfTiQ^  ous  widths  and  lengths.    But 

— no  wetting.  And  it  sticks  like  glued-on  canvas.  Double-Sure  Produeto  the  larger  spools,  five  or  ten  yards,  are  most 

Broken   handles  are  repaired  in  a  mo-  g*"*'  *  Bi^'k  h.«  *  worw-  economical. 

.         J  »  1  "^  wide  renown  for   Ita   product!.  ^.v  .j  Ji  L         :»LJ^ 

■nent,  and  tor  good.  thm*  include :  Cjet  it  today,  and  always  keep  it  handy.  (Jarry 

Anything  broken,  anything  tom— what-  "g  bJS^JS'g"-..  '  "P*^  "  y**"  car  and  in  your  travebng  bag. 

«ver  it  is  made  of — can  be  lastingly  repaired.  B  &  B  Fnmiaator*  Our  Adhesive 

Electric  wire  connections  can  be  insulated  .  " *"  '^"'  **J  '^*^...  ^~''  P'e*""*  «> 

L,;»U     ;>     r~    >k.  ^  "*''•  "■"•"  '*'••'  «o»<"»'o"«-  uses.     Ask    your 

Witti     It,     tor     tlie  I       For  lafety-.  ..ks.  s.k  for  BAB.       |  drugfUtforitfree 

— wksn   you  buy 


Fntmnt* 
Chaflitt 


tape 


It. 

is 


tor    the 
rubber- 


Slop*  Lttha 


coated. 

Fruit  jars  can  be  sealed. 

Chafing  and  blistering  of  hands 
and  heels  can  be  pleasantly  and 
easily  prevented. 


BAB  Adhesive. 

Sold  by  Draxfisls 
In  AU  Sises 

Buy  5- Yard  Spoob 
For  Economy       (^51) 


BAUER   &   BLACK,   Maken   of  Surgical  Dressing;    etc. 


.,    Chicago,  t||«?w^5r<^rk,J^g.j^ 


78 


"I  Now  Hear  Clearly" 

You,  Too,  Can  Hear! 

Inasmuch  M  .Tfl  (««>  use™  of  tj;'  " -I*;  9^^*; 
TICON"  have  hail  the  same  rwulM  Irom  it  aa 
Mr  Garrett  Brovni,  w\io»e  photo  apwarn  aljove, 
«e  feel  i»-rfectlv  safe  in  HrRniB  ofry  dw'f  V^Sf- 
without  a  iieniiv  of  exiH-iise.  solely  aud  entirely 
at  our  ri»l4,  to  accept  the  new 


at  our  ri»K,  to  accept  iiie  uo" 

1918  Acousticon 

For  10  D.y.'  |n|qocRAPH|  Jj"  t'""^ 
Free  TrUl      li!I-2~==i_I!J  No  Eipen.e 


it 

rree  ir«. ^P"" 

Biiice  perfwtinR  of  our  new.  lilW  '•ACOUSTICON  ' 
it  in  Buialler,  fetter  and  )""' ".""""«,"  7*!; 
All  you  nee,i  do  i»  to  wnte  sayniE  that  you  are 
hard  of  hearing  and  will  try  the  A''"'!^?- 
TICON."  Tlie  trial  will  not  cost  you  oue  cent, 
for  we  even  pay  delivery  cliarpea. 


lor  we  even  iwj  wcmci  j  %-■«••». — 

WARNING  !    shoold  nol  m.kr  as  llb.r.l  •  Iri.l  offrr 

as  WB   do,  so  do   nol   swnd   monoy   lor 

anv  Inslrumnnl  for  Ibo  di.ol  unlll  you  b.vi.  irlod  11. 

■hie  ■•  \COUSTICON"  has  iniprovemeuU  and 
patented  features  which  caiuiqt  be  diipli<at«l  so 
no  matter  what  you  have  tried  in  the  ;aBt,  M!ud  for 
y^r  free  trial  o\  the  -ACOUSTICON  "today  «^"1 
Convince  your««U-you  alone  to  decide.  Address 
GENKAL  ACOUSTIC  CO..    130J  <^  BU|.,  ^NW  YORK 

Canadian  Address,  tei  Nc"-  Biiks  Hid,-..  Munt'cal 


"HEAVEN  AND  HELL" 

The  most  ttarttine  o(  the  profound  writings  of 
SWEDENBORG,  the    renowned  theologian, 
philosopher    and    icientiit.      632  p^^ 
page  book,  well  printed,  Bubstan-  ^  ^C« 
liallT  bound,  Irealing  ol  the  Life  — 

after  Death,  lent  without  (orthcr  cost  or  obll- 
galion  on  receipt  of  5c.  Write  lor  complete 
list  of  publications. 

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THE   OUTLOOK   COMPANY 


THE   OUTLOOK 


The  Outlook 

Copyright.  1918,  by  'ITie  Outlook  Company 

TABLE  OF  CONTENTS 

Vol.  120       September  18,  1918         No.  3 

THM  OtJTUOOK    ill   PUBUSmD  imtLT  »T  TH«  OtJTLOOl  OOMTiST, 
381       rOURTH       AVENUE,      SEW      YOEK.  LAWEENCl     ».      ABBOTT, 

PRESIDENT.        a.   T.   POLSITEE,   V1C»-PR««1DE»T.        fKANX   C.   HOITT. 
TEEASUEER.  EEKEST    H.    ABBOTT,     SBCHETARV.  TKAVEES     D. 

CABMAN,      ADVEBTM11I6       MANAOER.  TEAEtT      HUBSCRIPTIOS- 

rirrv-Two  laatiBs  — four    dou-aes    is    advarce.       entered 

AS      8ECOND-CI.A8»      KATTEE,       JOII     21.     1893,     AT    THE     POST 
OFFICE     AT    HEW    TORE,    OTIDER     THE     ACT    OF     HAECH    3,     1879 


An  Announoement ■*• 

The  CJovernment-Railroad  Contract   81 

The  Benishin£  of  Beer 81 

The  Student-Soldier 82 

The  Slacker  and  the  Careless  Man 82 

The  Offensive  is  Still  with  the  Allies....  82 

Cartoons  of  the  Week 83 

Gains   in  Russia 84 

Primary  Day  in  New  York 84 

The  Baby-Weighing  Campaign 84 

The  Lesson  of  Lafayette  Day 85 

The  Romance  in  Ruts 86 

The  Devil  and   the  Deep  Sea 86 

Broadway  on  a  Hot  Night 87 

A  Judicial  Definition   of  Allegiance 88 

To  America   (Poem) ^ 

By  Harold  Trowbridfe  Puliiler 

Running  Submerged ^ 

Special  Corrcapondeoce  (rom  Henry  B.   Beaton 

Bolshevism  and  Applied  Anti-Bolshevism     92 

By  Theodore  Rooaevelt 

Art,  Romance,   and  War 93 

By  Joicph  H.  Odell,  Special  Correapondenl  of 
The  Outlook  in  France 

America   to   Devastated   France    (Poem). 

By  Theodoiia  Garriaon 
All  the  Comforts  of  Home :  What  the  Army 
Engineer  Corps  Has  Done  for  the  Men 

in  the  Training  Camps 95 

By  Francis  Lynde 

Current    Events  Illustrated 97 

The  Fighting  Shepherd 101 

By  W.  S.   Rainilord 

California  in  the  School  of  War  102 

Special  Correspondence  by  Cardinal  Goodwin 

The  End  of  a  Perfect  Day 103 

Special  Correspondence  by   Lyman  P.  Powell 
Weekly  Outline  Study  of  Current  History   106 
By  J.  Madison  Gathany,  A.M. 

The  Story  of  Firearms— II 

Universal    Military  Training 79 

An  Aviator  Has    a  House  Painted 79 

The  Letter  and    the  Soldier HI 

By  William  L.  Stidger 

Dying  Young 

By  the  Way 


95 


106 


111 
112 


18  Sep.emt-T 
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lodrinstheliudBon.  ,  ^       „       ,       _  n 

Domestic  science  up  to  dute,  lanilf.Strm^^ 

Hteh  ctae  aecretwUl  timliJnK  a  Bpedalty— hi^  cl» 

Uon?»reaalt.  0/ inlerat  to  *^ '^*ffi[*^LCj^ 

ntn  and  mnlnrr  young  women  JVOTkiah  «*^  »^ 

Colk«e  pnip»r»tlon.  gpeniah ;  »^»n£»i-  .'Lf'^.'Zj:^ 

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Olria  f rota  as  Btatea,  Caoxla  airfelie' 

repreeented  laat  year. 

JtB.  O.  U  ScDDDBB,  Regiatnr,         

UNION   THEOLOGICAL  SEMW 

Broadvar  al  120di  Street 
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meal  dirrtitv 


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OHIO 


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^on  ln«h}cbtbsr«av«  ■!■■!  ijuiiiiIimi1H<i»  far^ 
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1918 

UNIVERSAL   MILITARY 
TRAINING 

We  do  not  know  how  in  bo  short  a  space 
a  better '  editorial  on  the  desirability  of 
universal  military  training  and  patriotic 
service  coold  be  written  wan  is  found  in 
the  following  letter,  sent  by  an  American 
soldier  in  France  to  his  little  son  in  Texas. 
It  has  been  sent  to  us  by  the  baby's  mother 
with  this  comment :  "  I  am  wondering 
whether  you  can  publish  this.  I  think  it 
points  out  the  need  of  universal  military 
training  pretty  welL"   It  certainly  does. 

p.  0.  eth  Bg. 
ifyD^S«n:  F»no,.  Jtily  13. 1918. 

I  don't  know  as  yoo  will  be  able  to  recognize  my 
bandwritiiiK — this  being  the  fint  letter  I  have  sent 
in  3roar  direction.  Ton  see,  laat  year  you  were  a 
little  too  young  to  receive  letters,  and,  to  come  rigbt 
down  to  ciues,  this  year  may  find  yon  a  little  under 
the  reading  age. 

Yon  and  I  never  got  very  well  acquainted,  did 
we  ?  We  have  not  as  yet  had  much  of  a  chance. 
\\'hen  yon  oome  to  count  up  the  months  that  we 
have  lived  under  the  same  roof,  we  only  got  about 
five,  while  we  were  at  Fort  Bliss,  so  I  have  to  go 
largely  on  what  mother  has  told  and  written  me. 

She  wya  you  ate  a  joy.  That  you  are  strong  and 
husky  and  have  a  good  disposition,  which  is  fine  for 
a  starter. 

limagine  that  you  are  having  afinetime  to-day — 
a  party,  perhaps — a  new  pair  of  shoes  and  a  nqmber 
of  new  toys. 

And  in  addition  yoa  will  invbably  be  allowed  to 
spend  an  inoreased  amount  of  time  on  the  beach  in 
honor  of  your  being  two  years  old. 

It  must  be  great  fnn  to  play  on  the  beach.  I 
<!onld  not  do  that  when  I  was  your  age.  We  lived 
a  long  way  from  the  sea ;  in  £>ct,  I  did  mot  see  salt 
water  until  I  was  fifteen  years  old. 

In  about  fifteen  years  I  would  like  for  yoa  to 
think  over  this  army  business,  fiy  that  time  yon 
should  have  a  pretty  good  idea  of  what  yon  wish  to 
do  for  the  rest  of  your  life,  and  it  will  he  time  for 
you  to  decide. 

I  can  toll  yon  right  now  that  the  service  has  some 
drawbacks,  and  that  there  are  many  features  that 
yoa  may  not  like,  but  if  yon  get  into  a  miz-np  like 
this,  and  yon  are  bound  to,  and  put  it  over — the 
riffkt,  I  mean — yon  will  have  the  great  sadsfaotion  of 
knowing  you  had  the  honor  to  help  in  setting  things 
straight  and  enabling  people  to  live  as  Qod  intended 
they  should.  When  you  come  to  military  age,  the 
country  will  probably  require  yon  to  take  a  course 
in  military  training  ;  at  least  I  hope  it  will.  If  by 
any  chance  the  country  does  not  require  it,  you  may 
know  that  /  will.  I  want  you  to  get  everything  you 
possibly  oan  out  of  that  course.  It  will  help  you 
g7«atly  in  any  work  that  you  may  decide  to  take 
np,  and  just  assure  as  yoa  are  a  foot  high  you  will 
need  military  tnuning  at  some  stage  of  your  career. 

I  did  not  intend  to  write  a  sermon  on  this  ooeasion, 
bat  I  see  that  I  have  dooe  that  very  thing.  What  I 
did  mean  to  do  was  to  toll  you  that  I  hope  that  yon 
have  a  fine  day  and  a  mighty  fine  time. 

Be  a  good  boy  and  a  good  soldier. 

With  lota  of  love,  Pathkb. 


THE  OUTLOOK 


79 


AVIATOR  HAS  A  HOUSE 
PAINTED 


AN 


It  was  a  simple  boyish  letter  written  in 
London  by  a  youtb  nom  Worcester,  Mas- 
sachua^tts,  with  a  little  bit  of  news,  a  little 
bit  of  complaint,  and  a  great  big  bit  of 
confidence  in  what  he  and  the  Americans 
were  going  to  do ;  but  the  better  part  by  far 
was :  "  I  have  saved  my  pay  for  some  time 
now,  and  I  want  to  give  dad  a  surprise  by 
having  the  old  house  painted.  Won't  yon 
please  let  me  know  how  much  it  will  cost  ? 
Mid  111  send  yon  the  money  and  leave  the 
reat  to  you,  but  yoa  mustn  t  let  dad  know 
who  is  paying  for  it" 

That  same  evening  on  the  train,  among 
the  missing  and  reported  as  a  prisoner,  I 
read  the  name  of  tlie  aviator  who  wrote  Uie 
letter.  A.  J.  M. 


How  to  End  Film 

On  Your  Teeth 

All  Statements  Approved  by  High  Dental  Authorities 


It  Must  Be  Done 


Brashingr  teeth  without  ending  the 
film  is  pretty  nearljr  useless.  Millions  of 
people  know  that.  They  find  that  brushed 
teeth  still  discolor,  still  decay.  And  statis- 
ticB  show  that  tooth  troubles  are  constantly 
increasing. 

A  slimy  film  which  you  feel  on  your  teeth 
is  the  cause  of  most  tooth  troubles.  It  gets 
into  crevices  and  stajra,  resisting  the  tooth 
brush. 

That  film  is  what  discolors,  not  your 
teeth.  It  hardens  into  tartar.  It  holds 
food  which   ferments  and  forms  acid.    It 


holds  tibe  acid  in  contact  with  the  teeth  to 
cause  decay. 

Millions  of  germs  breed  in  it  They, 
with  tartar,  are  the  chief  cause  of  pyor- 
rhea. So  it  is  that  fibn  which  wrecks  the 
teeth. 

Science  has  now  found  a  way  to  daily 
combat  that  film.  Able  authorities  have 
proved  it  by  clinical  tests.  It  is  embodied 
in  a  dentifrice  called  Pepsodent,  which 
countless  dentists  are  now  urging.  It  is 
bound  to  supersede  old  methods  with 
eveiyone  who  knows  it 


A  Week  WiU  Show 


The  results  of  Pepsodent  are  so  evident 
so  quick,  that  a  week's  use  is  convincing. 
And  we  offer  that  test  at  our  cost. 

Pepsodent  is  based  on  pepsin,  the  diges- 
tant  of  albumin.  The  film  is  albuminous 
matter.  The  object  of  Pepsodent  is  to 
dissolve  it,  then  to  constantly  prevent  its 
accumulation. 

Ordinary  pepsin  will  not  serve  this  pur- 
pose. It  must  be  activated,  and  the  usual 
agent  is  an  acid  harmful  to  the  teeth. 

But  science  has  discovered  a  harmless 
activating  method.  Five  governments  have 
already  granted  patents.  It  is  that  method — 
used  only  in  Pepsodent  —  which  makes 
possible  this  efficient  application. 


After  a  great  many  testa  made  by  den- 
tal authorities,  Pepsodent  is  recognised 
as  the  way  to  fight  this  film.  And  now 
we  urge  eveiyone  to  prove  it  in  their 
homes. 

Send  the  coupon  for  a  One- Week  tube. 
Use  it  like  any  tooth  paste  and  watch  re- 
sults. Note  how  clean  your  teeth  feel  after 
using.  Mark  the  absence  of  that  slimy  film. 
See  how  your  teeth  whiten  as  the  fixed  Aim 
disappears. 

Stop  your  inefficient  methods  for  one 
week.  See  how  much  more  Pepsodent 
accomplishes.  Then  judge  for  yourself 
what  to  do  in  the  future. 

Cut  out  the  coupon  now. 


Ratam  yoar  amply  tooth  pattm  fwfces  to  thm  n*€irmt  Rmd  Cross  StatJMt 


ace.  U.S. 


Tht  New-Dcuf  DaMfikx 

Sold  by  Druggists  Everjrwlier^ 
—A  Scientific  Product 


One- Week  Tube  Free 

THE   PEPSODENT   CO. 

Dept.  183,  1104  S.  Wabash  Ave. 
Chicago,  III. 

Mail  One- Week  Tube  of  Pepsodent  ta 

Noma 

AMrm- 


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THE  OUTLOOK 


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The  Outlook 

SEPTEMBER  18,  1918 
Offices,  381  Fourth  Avenue,  New  York 


Three  articles  relating  to  three  widely  different  phases  of  the  war  will  appear  in  The  Outlook  next  week : 
I  *'  The  War  Costs  and  the  War  Debt "  Mr.  Theodore  H.  Price  discusses  questions  relating  to  National 
^penditure ;  in  "  Across  South  Africa  in  War  Time  "  Mr.  Gregory  Mason,  the  staff  correspondent  of  The 
utlook,  describes  South  Africa's  patriotic  efforts  for  ihe  war ;  in  "  What  You  Want  to  Know  About  Our 
rmy  in  France  "  Dr.  Odell,  who  has  been  the  special  correspondent  of  The  Outlook  in  France,  answers 
^finitely  and  directly  the  very  questions  that  are  being  asked  by  relatives  and  friends  of  our  soldiers 
»road.  These  three  articles  will  make  the  forthcoming  issue  of  The  Outlook  a  notable  one  in  its  direct 
(flection  of  war  conditions. 


THE  WEEK 


IE  GOVERNMENT-RAILROAD  CONTRACT 

The  final  step  is  about  to  be  made  in  the  taking  over  of 
e  steam  railway  properties  of  the  United  States  by  the  Gov- 
nment  in  porsuanee  of  the  President's  proclamation  of  the 
"st  of  January  last.  This  step  is  the  signing  of  a  contract 
itween  the  Unite*'  States  Eailroad  Administration  and  the 
rporations  owning  the  railways.  The  questions  that  have  been 
>  much  debated  in  the  negotiation  of  this  contract  are  highly 
implicated,  and  it  is  hardly  necessary  to  discuss  them  at  length, 
lit  the  main  points  at  issue  between  the  railway  corpora- 
N)8  and  the  Government  may  be  stated  in  simple  terms,  as 
Hows: 

Under  the  law  the  Government  has  taken  over  the  railways, 
preeing  to  pay  to  their  owners  as  rental  an  annual  sum  equal 

the  average  net  operating  income  as  reported  to  the  Inter- 
tate  Commerce  Commission  for  the  three  years  ending  June 
),  1917.  The  net  operating  income  of  a  railway  is  what  ia  left 
ter  the  operating  expenses  and  taxes  have  been  paid  out  of  the 
t>ss  earnings  of  the  railway.  This  rental  for  their  properties 
e  railway  corporations  have  practically  accepted  without 
imur :  but  there .  are  two  points  in  the  proposed  contract  to 
lich  many  of  the  corporations,  and  especially  a  protective  com- 
ittee  representing  the  holders  of  railway  securities,  have  stren- 
ii«ly  objectwl.  The  Government  insists  that  necessary  per- 
uient  improvements  to  a  railway  shall  be  paid  by  the  railway 
^^If  out  of  the  proceeds  of  securities  which  it  sludl  sell,  charg- 
^  the  same  to  its  capital  accoimt ;  or,  if  the  railway  prefers, 
a  Oovemment  will  pay  for  the  improvements  and  betterments 
d  deduct  the  cost  from  the  amount  of  rental.  The  railways 
k  that  the  Government  shall  sell  securities  of  the  railways 
Hicfient  to  make  the  necessary  improvements,  claimin|^  that 

many  instances  tlie  railways  have  no  market  for  additional 
nds.  Let  us  sup]x)8e  that  the  New  York,  New  Haven,  and 
irtf  ord  Railroad  wishes  to  build  a  bridge  at  New  London,  cost- 
r  a  million  dollars.  The  Government  says  that  it  will  build 
9  bridge,  but  that  the  road  must  sell  a  million  dollars'  worth 
1>onds  to  provide  the  funds,  or  that  it  will  deduct  the  million 
liars  from  the  amount  due  the  road  in  rentals.  The  roads  ask 

be  relieved  of  the  burden  of  selling  such  bonds,  on  the 
uund  that  in  war  time  the  Government  can  find  a  market  for 
[•h  securities  when  the  private  corporation  cannot. 
The  other  point  at  issue  has  been  the  right  of  the  railways  to 
3  the  Government  at  the  conclusion  of  the  rental  period  for 
y  loss  of  traffic  or  good  will  that  they  may  suffer  owing  to 
i  policy  of  the  Kailroad  Administration  during  the  time  that 
has  oontrolle<l  their  properties.  When  the  roads  are  returned 
their  private  owners,  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  for  instance, 
g-ht  say  to  the  Government,  "  We  have  for  many  years  been 
torionsly  building  up  a  profitable  freight  and  passenger  traf- 
.  Yon  have  diverted  much  of  this  passenger  and  freight  traffic 
other  railways,  and  therefore  the  earning  power  of  our  cor> 
r&tion  has  been  decreased,  and  we  shall  ask  the  courts  to 
Bide  bow  much  we  are  to  be  reimbursed  for  the  injury." 
!Vf  r.  McAdoo  has  insisted  that  the  right  to  bring  such  a  suit 
luld  be  expressly  waived  in  the  contract.  He  has  maintained 


that  if  the  Government  had  not  taken  over  the  railways  at  the 
time  it  did  many  of  them  would  have  been  entirely  bankrupted 
by  the  experience  of  the  past  six  months,  and  that  no  conceiva^ 
ble  damage  by  diversion  or  modification  of  their  traffic  can 
equal  the  advantages  of  a  Government  guarantee  of  net  earn- 
ings. He  also  insists  that  any  conceivable  loss  of  business  owing 
fb  a  rearrang;ement  of  traffic  would  be  the  result  of  a  war  meas- 
ure, for  the  consequences  of  which  the  Government  should  not 
be  beld  responsible.  At  the  present  writing  the  indications  are 
that  the  railway  corporations  will  patriotically  accept  the  con- 
tract as  offered,  and  the  opinion  of  many  well-informed  financiers 
is  that  they  will  not  suffer  in  so  doing. 

There  is  a  third  contingency  which  has  not  been  referred  to 
either  by  the  Government  or  the  railways  in  their  debates,  but 
to  which  it  is  not  inappropriate  to  allude.  If  Government 
control  of  our  inter-State  railvrays  should  turn  out  to  be 
permanent,  as  many  economists  think  it  will,  the  difficulties  as 
to  betterments  and  traffic  damage  anticipated  by  the  railway 
corporations  will  not  arise.  For  the  Government  will  take  ever 
the  properties  in  fee  simple  as  owner,  payinof  for  them  outright 
in  some  manner  to  be  agreed  upon,  probably  in  the  form  of 
Government  bonds.  This  contingency  has  been  foreseen  by  some 
of  the  most  astute  of  the  railway  managers  themselves.  Presi- 
dent Ripley,  of  the  Atchison,  Topeka,  and  Santa  ¥6  Railway, 
if  we  remember  correctly,  some  years  ago  suggested  that  this 
was  the  necessary  and  desirable  solution  of  the  railway  problem. 


THE  BANISHING   OF  BEER 

If  administrative  war  orders  continue  to  check  and  bar  the 

f>roduction  of  alcoholic  bevera^i^es,  there  will  not  be  much  of  the 
iquor  trade  left  to  be  dealt  with,  during  the  war  at  least,  by 
act  of  Congress  or  amendment  to  the  Constitution.  All  brew- 
eries in  the  country  are  to  be  closed  on  December  1  next  by 
order  of  the  Food  Administration.  The  purpose  is  twofold,  to 
save  coal  and  to  save  grain  for  war  use  whether  by  ourselves 
or  our  allies.  This  accomplishes  exactly  what  the  Randall 
Amendment  to  the  Agricultural  Stimulation  Bill  proposed, 
and  leaves  the  lower  house  better  disposed  to  substitute  the 
Prohibition  Amendment  passed  by  the  Senate.  Both  houses  have 
agreed  to  the  proposal  that  the  President  shall  have  power  to 
establish  *'  dry  zones  "  where  war  and  industrial  efficiency  make 
it  desirable. 

The  closing  of  the  breweries,  like  that  of  the  distilleries, 
seems  to  be  accepted  even  by  those  enraged  in  the  business  with 
calmness  and  in  a  patriotic  spirit.  The  result  will  in  time 
involve  the  dosing  of  large  numbers  of  saloons  as  weH  as  brew- 
eries, and  will  temporarily  put  many  men  out  of  work.  But 
there  is  no  lack  of  use  nowadays  for  buildings,  men,  or  capital. 
They  will  be  added  to  the  forces  working  for  the  things  the 
country  needs  and  must  have. 

The  dosinff  of  the  breweries  here  has  created  a  strong  im- 
pression in  England,  where  the  London  **  Spectator  "  and  other 
Cpers  have  long  carried  on  a  campaigfii  against  using  g^rain  for 
er.  A  writer  in  one  paper  says :  "As  A  merit 

Digitized  by 


'<2L5W^"» 


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THE  OUTLOOK 


it  looks  as  if  she  is  dosing  her  breweries  that  ours  may  remain 
open.  It  is  very  doubtful  if,  supposing  the  circumstances  were 
reversed,  we  should  do  the  same  for  her ;  but  it  is  a  notable 
example  of  the  determination  of  the  United  States  to  let  nodi- 
ing  stand  in  the  wslj  of  carrying  on  the  war."  Another  writer 
pomts  out  that  while  America  is  stopping  beer  Warwickshire 
coal-mineis  are  on  strike  because  they  are  not  supplied  with 
beer  enough. 


THE  STUDENT^OLDIER 

Many  of  the  colleges  are  announcing  their  ^ans  for  carry- 
ing out  the  provisions  established  by  the  War  Department  for 
the  Students'  Army  Training  Corps.  The  methods  and  purpose 
of  this  great  National  educational  undertaking  were  stated  riilly 
in  The  Outlook  last  week.  The  young  men  of  the  country  are 
urged  to  enter  the  ooUeges  without  regard  to  the  question  of 
draft  age.  The  collie  will  judge  o{  the  fitness  of  the  applicant 
to  enter  coUege.  If  he  is  eighteen  years  old  or  over,  he  must  of 
course  register  for  the  draft  before  his  local  board  and  take  the 
usual  physical  examination.  He  will  then  become  a  soldier,  and 
his  uniform,  arms,  and  living  expenses  will  be  provided  by  the 
Grovemraent.  He  will,  however,  be  inducted  into  the  Students' 
Army  Training  Corps  at  the  college  which  he  has  entered  and 
will  take  the  courses  established  there  under  the  arrangement 
with  the  Government.  Naturally  the  instruction  will  follow 
lines  of  direct  military  value ;  for  instance,  Colimibia  University, 
in  New  York  City,  sats  out  special  courses  in  French,  geography, 
chemistry,  topography,  map-making,  engineering,  and  the  like. 
United  States  officers  will  furnish  technical  military  instruction. 
It  may  be  noted,  however,  that  the  programme  of  the  War 
Department  specifically  states  that  academic  work  will  not  be 
precluded. 

When  the  soldier-student  is  called  out,  as  he  may  be  at 
any  time,  when  other  drafted  men  of  the  same  age  are,  the 
intention  in  the  large  majority  of  cases  certainly  is  not  to 
put  him  at  once  on  the  firing  line.  That  would  be  the  least 
valuable  use  that  could  be  made  of  him.  The  real  purpose 
of  the  scheme  is  shown  in  the  fact  that  the  soldier-student 
called  to  the  colors  may  be  sent  to  an  officers'  training  camp, 
to  a  non-commissioned  officers'  training  school,  to  a  vocar 
tional  training  section  of  the  Students'  Army  Training  Corps, 
or  finally  assigned  to  the  very  school  or  oolleee  where  he  Is 
enrolled  for  intensive  work  in  a  specified  line.  This  explains  a 
provision  of  the  Government's  programme  which  otherwise  has 

Euzzled  some  readers — namely,  "  Students  will  ordinarily  not 
e  permitted  to  remain  on  duty  in  the  coU^e  unit  after  the 
majority  of  their  fellow-citizens  of  like  age  have  been  called  to 
military  service  at  camp."  It  is  evident  that,  whether  at  college 
or  in  special  work  in  some  form,  the  National  purpose  is  to  tram 
and  educate  rather  than  merely  to  drill.  "  Reservoirs  of  officer 
material "  is  one  phrase  used  by  the  Government.  Columbia, 
annoimces,  doubtless  with  authority,  that  students  of  eighteen 
and  nineteen  will  remain  for  not  less  than  nine  monuis  of 
instruction. 

The  purpose  has  never  been  more  finely  stated  than  in  a 
recent  letter  from  President  Wilson  to  Secretary  Lane.  The 
President  says :  "  So  long  as  the  war  continues  there  will  be 
constant  need  of  very  large  numbers  of  men  and  women  of  the 
highest  and  most  thorough  training  for  war  service  in  many 
lines.  After  the  war  there  will  be  urgent  need  not  only  for 
trained  leadership  in  all  lines  of  industrial,  commercial,  social, 
and  civic  life,  but  for  a  very  high  average  of  intelligence  and 
preparation  on  the  rart  of  all  the  people."  And  he  declares 
with  feeling  that  "No  boy  or  girl  shaU  have  less  opportunity 
for  education  because  of  the  war,  and  that  the  Nation  may  be 
strengthened  as  it  can  only  be  through  the  right  education  of 
all  its  peopl^." 

No  one  can  doubt  that  this  vast  new  educational  imdertak- 
ing  of  the  Government  will  have  a  permanent  effect  on  the 
methods  and  scope  of  the  Nation's  relations  to  education.  The 
Goverament  is  not  taking  over  the  colleges  as  it  took  over  the 
railways,  but  it  is  using  them  as  an  indis^nsable  factor  in 
the  great  National  effort.  That  education  is  of  Nation-wide 
importance  and  not  a  local  matter  is  one  of  the  lessons  that 
must  be  drawn. 


THE  SLACKER   AND  THE  CARELESS  MAN 

In  the  recent  "  slacker  raids  "  in  New  York  City  and  i 
vicinity  fewer  men  suffered  because  they  were  trying  to  doil 
their  patriotic  duties  than  because  they  were  careless  and  regai 
less  of  orders.  It  is  not  surprising  that  there  was  an  ontcnr 
the  inconvenience  and  discomfort  mvolved,  but  forethought  < 
the  part  of  the  individual  would  have  prevented  a  gn^^at  deal 
it.  If  it  is  possible  to  plan  a  better  and  less  troublesome  way 
detect  and  arrest  the  slacker  than  that  adopted  in  these  raids 
certainly  should  be  done.    But  the  result  was  to  teach  a  doal 

.  lesson  :  first,  that  the  conscription  law  is  not  to  be  evaded  wit 
out  detection  and  pimishment — and  this  was  a  partivulai 
needed  lesson  to  the  evil-disposed  at  a  time  when  over  twel 
million  men  are  on  the  point  of  registering  themselves  for  mi 
tary  service ;  the  other  is  that  every  citizen  is  now  more  or  V 
subject  to  military  duty,  and  that  it  was  a  breach  of  that  du 
to  disregard  the  order  given  to  all  exempted  or  deferred  m 
to  carry  their  cards  with  them  constantly.    It  is  safe  to  :< 

;  that  hereafter  few  men  in  possession  of  registration  or  clas 
fication  cards  will  leave  home  without  them.  Very  likely  t 
machinery  of  this  raid  might  have  been  improved  upon ;  Bo8t< 
is  said  to  nave  put  in  practice  an  efficient  combing  out  of  slao 
era  without  the  disagreeable  features  seen  in  New  York  Citv 
An  inquiry  is  to  be  had  under  the  President's  order  into  t 
methods  of  the  raid,  and  the  result  wiU  be  enlightening  as 
future  methods.  If  it  is  true,  as  Senator  Chamberlain  stated 
the  United  States  Senate,  that  "  tens  of  thousands  of  perfect 
innocent  men  were  held  overnight  in  crowded  prisons,  aJthooj 
they  were  not  trying  to  evade  military  duty,"  itcertamly  se«i 
that  some  milder  method  of  separating  the  innocent  from  t 
guilty  might  be  found.  Particularly  embarrassing  waa  the  ca 
of  the  men  who  had  not  registered  because  they  were  either  abo 
or  below  the  draft  age,  but  who  did  not  "  look  their  age  "  ai 
were  suddenly  called  upon  to  famish  birth  certificates. 

In  New  York  City,  Brooklyn,  and  in  the  near-by  pu 
of  New  Jersey  over  sixty  thousand  men  in  all  were  found  wil 
out  proper  credentials ;  of  these  about  fifteen  hundred  v( 
slackers  or  had  something  seriously  wrong  with  their  reconi 
about  fifteen  thousand,  while  not  slackers,  were  negligent 
some  of  their  duties  and  were  ordered  to  report  back  to  th 
local  registry  boards.  These  figures  indicate  that  while  the  n 
majority  of  citizens  carried  out  their  duty  faithfully,  tlu 
were  still  enough  who  failed  of  their  duty  in  some  d^;ree 
justify  the  Government  in  making  a  vigorous  and  even  stre 
ous  effort  to  enforce  the  law. 


THE  OFFENSIVE  IS  STILL   IHTH  THE  ALLIES 

There  is  a  significant  contrast  between  the  ■  B(ddier-li 
utterance  of  Marshal  Foch,  "  We  will  continue  to  pursue  i 
enemy  implacably,"  and  the  admission  of  a  great  German  pa| 
that  "  the  German  high  command  has  decided  not  to  oondi 
in  the  future  a  war  of  offense,  but  a  war  of  defense."  It  woi 
be  contrary  to  the  genius  of  Marshal  Foch  if  the  war  on  I 
western  line  were  to  settle  down  into  a  condition  of  mut 
blockade.  Now  that  the  Germans  have  been  driven  back 
almost  the  positions  they  occupied  before  their  offensives  b^ 
on  March  21,  it  is  natural  to  ask  what  the  next  move  wiU 
The  question,  however,  is  one  that  is  impossible  to  answer.  Tl 
there  will  be  a  forward  thrust  by  Marshal  Foch  at  some  part 
the  enemy's  line  is  more  than  probable  ;  just  where  it  will  b( 
a  matter  of  pure  conjecture.  In  the  north  General  Byng's  for 
are  threatening  Carabrai  from  the  positions  they  occupied  af 
their  first  memorable  attack  on  that  city,  while  Douai  is  also 
danger.  These  positions  are  protected  hy  the  extensive  foi 
known  as  the  Ilavrincourt  Wood,  and  around  this  the  British  i 
making  progress.  At  the  other  extremity  of  the  line  the  Frei 
are  in  the  same  way  working  around  the  St.  Gobain  forest,  wh.' 
impedes  the  advance  toward  La  Fere  and  Laon.  These  two  ft 
tions,  north  and  south,  are  like  the  hinges  of  a  g^reat  door. 
either  or  both  should  be  broken  through,  the  central  section 
the  German  line  would  inevitably  have  to  be  drawn  back  a 
an  entirely  new  line  of  defense,  miles  to  the  rear,  be  taken 
the  German  army. 

One  interesting  exposition  of  the  effect  of  Marshal  Foe 
strategy  points  out  that  all  through  the  recent  oounter-off 


Digitized  by  VJWVJV  IV^ 


CARTOONS      OF      THE     WEEK 


Kirhy  in  thr  S nr  York  W'lrtil 


Hoppmo  UP 


UNCLE  SAM  AFTER  THE  SLACKERS 


Bekse  in  the  New  York  World 


PUTTING   IT  ON   ICE 


A  LONG  WAIT  FOR  A  GOOD  THING 


Braakensiek  in  De  Amsterdammer  (Amsterdam,  Holland) 


THE  CHANCELLOR   AND   BELGIUM 
Von  Hertliu^  :    '*  We  hold  Bel^nin  mt  h  imwii." 


PLAYING  THE  GAME  LIKE  A  BRUTE 


Morfiand  in  London  Opinion 


UlU  AMATEURS  ON  THE  LAND 

*'  Pnnlun  iii*<.  inadnm  I  1  niii  a^Kure  thAt  ve  have  not  been  intrmluoeil,  but  1 
hope  that  you  will  not  object  to  my  mentionini;  the  fact  that  this  u  the  mrismd  time 
you  have  fltiick  your  fiirk  into  my  leg." 


Google 


Digitized  by 


84 


THE   OUTLOOK 


18 


sives  the  Germans  have  been  forced  to  mass  their  reserves  on 
the  main  line  of  attack  from  Ypres  south  and  eas'-  to  the 
Argonne  forest ;  that  the  time  has  never  come  when  they  have 
been  able  to  replace  or  restore  the  reserves  taken  from  that  part 
of  their  line  extending  east  and  south  of  the  Argonna  forest  to 
Switzerland,  and  that  it  is  at  least  a  reasonable  theory  that  it 
is  on  this  latter  part  of  the  line  that  a  new  attack  by  the  Allies 
may  attempt  to  break  through  here  and  cross  the  boundary 
into  Alsace  and  Lorraine. 

The  most  interesting  war  news  of  the  week  to  Americans  is 
found  in  Greneral  March's  recent  umouncement  that  ninety  per 
cent  of  the  American  soldiers  abroad  have  been  formed  into  a 
distinctly  American  Army,  leaving  less  than  ten  per  cent  of  these 
soldiers  brigaded  with  British  and  French  troops.  As  we  have 
over  a  million  and  a  half  men  abroad,  this  means  the  formation 
of  an  American  Army  of  at  least  a  million  effective  soldiers  on 
the  fighting  line.  Americans  cannot  but  feel  proud  of  the  exist- 
ence of  this  great  force,  which  will  be  used  as  a  unit  just  as 
General  Haig  uses  the  British  army  or  General  Mangin  the 
French  army,  subject,  of  course,  to  the  strategic  plans  and 
orders  of  Marshal  Foch.  It  may  be  noted  that  the  part  of  the 
line  evidently  held  in  large  part  by  oiu-  American  forces  is  pre- 
cisely that  described  in  the  preceding  paragraph  as  now  presu- 
mably weakened  by  the  withdrawal  of  German  reserves.  If 
this  section  of  the  Ime — that  is,  roughly  speaking,  from  Rheims 
to  BeUort — is  actually  chosen  for  the  next  great  offensive,  the 
new  American  Army  would  play  a  leading  part  in  that  attack. 

Whatever  may  be  the  next  move  of  the  Allies,  we  may  feel 
sure  that  Marshal  Foch  wUl  not  easily  allow  the  offensive  to  be 
taken  from  his  hands.  He  is  a  past-master  in  so  directing  his 
movements  as  to  bring  pressure  to  bear  from  apparently  distant 

Stints  on  the  strongholds  from  which  he  proposes  to  drive  the 
ermans.  It  is  in  this  way  that  most  of  the  well-known  land- 
marks and  cities  have  fallen  in  the  recent  offensive.  To  continue 
to  make  the  Germans  conform  their  movements  to  his  will 
undoubtedly  be  hi?  policy ;  one  military  writer  says  that  the 
possession  of  the  offensive  in  the  future  is  worth  half  a  million 
men  to  the  Allies. 

In  our  natural  elation  at  the  marvelous  campaign  of  the  last 
two  months  we  must  not  foolishly  imagine  that  the  victory  is 
all  but  gained  or  that  there  can  be  the  slightest  relaxation  in 
our  effort,  military  and  industrial.  Lord  Milner,  the  British 
Minister  of  War,  points  out  to  those  who  are  over-confident 
that  the  lesson  of  the  recent  successes  is  just  the  opposite.  The 
way  to  shorten  the  war  is  to  increase  and  not  relax  the  pres- 
sure, military  and  economic.  Lord  Milner  well  says :  "  Amer- 
ica's strength — ^reat  as  it  is — can  only  be  relied  upon  to  bring 
about  a  decision  if  it  is  added  to  the  forces  of  the  European 
allies  and  not  substituted  for  them.  .  .  .  From  a  military  point 
of  view,  the  successes  are  of  no  value  unless  they  are  followed 
up,  and  to  reap  the  fruits  of  them  the  enemy  must  be  given  no 
rest." 

It  may  be  added  that  there  are  physical  reasons  why  our 
efforts  must  be  increased  rather  than  diminished.  As  our  Army 
abroad  expands,  its  need  of  supplies  and  munitions  constantly 
increases.  Moreover,  even  German  retreats,  welcome  as  they 
are  to  us,  lengthen  our  distance  from  our  bases,  and  therefore 
wiU,  as  our  advances  continue,  require  constantly  increasing 
effort.  One  press  correspondent  remarks :  "  Did  you  ever  stop 
to  think  that  every  mile  we  drive  the  German  back  increases 
the  tax  upon  our  supplies?  The  farther  the  German  retreats, 
the  more  mUes  of  railroad  we  are  required  to  build  in  order  to 
hit  him.  The  farther  back  he  goes,  the  more  material  we  will 
have  to  ship  across  the  Atlantic." 


GAINS  IN  RUSSIA 

In  Russia,  as  on  the  western  front,  the  Allied  forces  are 
making  notable  headway.  The  Czechoslovak  forces,  aided  by 
the  Japanese  troops  which  came  up  from  Manchuria  and  by 
the  other  Allied  forces  which  have  been  landed  at  Vladivostok, 
now  control  the  Trans-Siberian  Railway  from  a  point  six  hun- 
dred miles  southeast  of  Petrograd  to  the  Pacific  coast.  They 
have  defeated  and  driven  away  the  Red  Guard  forces  which 
have  so  lon^  held  the  intermediate  section  of  the  railway  east 
of  Lake  Baikal.    One  result  is  that  the  Bolsheviki  are  cut  off 


and  isolated  so  far  as  regards  rail  and  tele|^ph  commnnicatbc 
from  the  rest  of  the  wond  except  through  Germany. 

The  Bolsheviki  have  only  themselves  to  blame  for  the  k 
now  being  waged  upon  them  by  the  Czechoslovaks.  It  was  d< 
violation  of  their  pledges  to  the  Czechoslovaks  to  allow  then  u 
pass  peacefully  through  Russia  to  the  Pacific  ports  that  pn 
cipitated  war.  From  Moscow  and  Petrograd  the  news  repon 
indicate  a  rule  of  bloodshed  and  brute  force.  The  lawless  inbi 
ference  by  the  Bolshevik  government  with  the  British  Consul  3 
one  indication  of  this  anarchistic  condition  of  affairs.  The  b>\ 
that  eighty  thousand  Russians  have  joined  in  the  Czechmloni 
resistance  to  the  Bolsheviki  shows  that  the  Bolshevik  leaden 
do  not  represent  Russia  or  any  large  ^rt  of  Russia,  bat  oolyi 
small  minority  of  violent  followers.  Their  downfall  is  colj  1 
matter  of  time. 


PRIMARY  DAY  IN  NEW  YORK 

Primary  day  in  the  State  of  New  York  has  come  and  gin 
and  the  regular  candidates  of  the  two  great  parties  for  GovertM 
have  been  nominated  by  largje  majorities.  Governor  Whitnai 
won  over  his  competitor,  Attorney-General  Lewia,  by  a  v«] 
large  vote,  and  Alfred  E.  Smith,  now  President  of  the  Bau 
of  Aldermen  of  the  City  of  New  York,  received  an  almoeit  eiinaT] 
large  majority  over  his  competitor,  William  Church  OsImr 
who  in  the  old  days  would  have  been  called  the  silk-stoekiiii 
candidate,  if  it  may  be  said  that  Democratic  candidates  fu 
wear  silk  stockings.  Both  of  the  successful  candidates  are  di 
choice  of  their  respective  organizations  and  were  opposetl  ii 
that  ground  by  arguments  which  apparently  made  little  impm 
sion  upon  the  primanr  voter.  Even  the  third-term  bt^e  faSx 
to  terrify,  for  Mr.  vNliitman  is  now  the  regular  Republicii 
nominee  for  ^  third  term  as  Governor  of  the  Empire  State. 

Mr.  Smith,  as  our  readers  know  who  read  the  very  interval 
ing  article  about  him  by  ex-Senator  Davenport  in  The  Outlt>i<l 
for  July  31,  is  a  Tammany  man — that  is  to  say,  he  is  a  meulK 
of  that  famous  oi'ganization,  in  good  and  regular  standing-  l» 
he  made  an  enviable  record  for  himself  both  in  the  Legimtai 
and  in  the  last  Constitutional  Convention.  Mr.  Osbom  i» 
New  York  City  lawyer  of  distinction  and  high  character  wb 
has  held  various  positions  of  influence  in  the  Democratic  part; 
but  has  never  been  affiliated  with  Tammany.  He  ran  in  tii 
primary  not  so  much  as  an  opponent  of  Mr.  Smith  as  an  uppi 
nent  of  Tammany. 

No  one  has  questioned  the  integrity  and  sincerity  of  "  M 
Smith,  as  he  is  familiarly  and  even  affectionately  known  by  b 
friends.  The  criticisms  of  his  nomination  have  been  made  'i 
those  who  fear  the  malign  power  of  Tammany.  The  NV 
York  "Evening  Post,"  whose  political  motto  seems  to  1" 
"  Wherever  you  see  the  head  of  an  organization  man  in  eitix 
party,  hit  it,"  wound  up  a  long  and  not  altogether  unfiieud 
editorial  on  Mr.  Smith's  nomination  as  follows : 

Will  he  [Alfred  E.  Smith]  come  down  to  the  city  to  lunch  regu- 
larly with  Murphy  as  Theodore  Roosevelt  used  to  coiue  to 
breakfast  with  Tom  Piatt  ? 

To  this  the  New  York  "  Times  "  rises  up  as  a  defender  1 
both  Mr.  Smith  and  Mr.  Roosevelt  by  saying  : 

If  he  does,  and  tlie  lunclieons  dou't  do  Murphy  any  luor^ 
good  tlian  the  breakfasts  used  to  do  Piatt,  there  is  not  much  fur 
us  to  worry  about. 

This,  we  think,  both  succinctly  and  wittily  expresses  the  atl 
tilde  of  the  people  of  New  York  State  generally.  It  remain- 1 
be  seen  whether  Mr.  Smith  can  on  Election  Day  roll  up  a  laK 
enough  vote  below  the  Harlem  River  to  offset  the  normal  B 
publican  majority  *'  up  the  State."  He  has  been  indorsed  in 
personal  letter  by  Mr.  Lansing,  Secretary  of  State,  who  is 
citizen  and  voter  of  New  York  State.  As  Mr.  Lansing  is  tl 
ranking  member  of  the  President's  Cabinet,  Mr.  Smith's  frien( 
regard  this  letter  as  equivalent  to  an  indorsement  by  tl 
Administration. 


THE  BABY-WEIGHING  CAMPAIGN 

Reports  from  Washington  tell  of  the  gains  that  are  liein 
made  toward  the  objective  of  Children's  Year — "  to  save  ii 


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indred  thousand  babies  and  to  get  a  square  deal  for  children." 
he  year  was  inaugurated  on  April  6, 1918,  the  aoniversary  of 
IT  entry  into  the  war,  under  the  direction  of  the  Children's 
ureau  of  the  United  States  Department  of  Labor  and  the 
Toman's  Committee  of  the  Coimcil  of  National  Defense.  The 
ork  has  the  special  approval  and  support  of  President  Wilson, 
he  first  activity  undertaken  was  a  weighing  and  measuring  test 
>r  Imbies  and  little  children.  To  the  present  date,  fully  six 
jllion  children  under  six  years  of  age  nave  been  tested  with 
ales  and  tape-measure,  and  the  work  is  still  going  on. 
The  chief  value  of  the  weighing  and  measuring  lies  in  the 
>ct  that  it  is  bringing  the  children  to  public  attention  and 
■ousing  communities  to  action  for  child  welfare.  Sinm  weight 
id  height  constitute  a  rough  index  of  physical  condition,  the 
st  has  served  to  indicate  the  children  who  are  in  especial  need 
'  irare.  Parents  have  discovered  in  their  children  unsuspected 
>f ects,  many  of  them  remediable  if  taken  in  time,  but  likely  to 
ean  future  suffering  and  ill  health  if  neglected. 
''  Clean-up "  campaigns  and  campaigns  for  better  milk  are 
ting  undertaken.  Public  lecture  courses  and  classes  in  child 
ire  for  mothers  and  "  little  mothers  "  have  been  instituted.  At 
le  )>eginning  of  Children's  Year  each  community  was  assiraed 
quota  of  the  one  hundred  thousand  babies  to  be  saved.  Now 
1  over  the  country  doctors,  nurses,  newspaper  men,  business 
en,  mothers,  and  fathers  are  working  in  uieir  several  commu- 
ties  to  '*  raise  "  that  quota. 

Pland  in  hand  with  the  work  for  babies  and  children  work 
>r  the  welfare  of  older  boys  and  girls  is  being  carried  on  as  an 
itivity  of  Children's  Year.  Early  in  the  summer  a  recreation 
•ive  was  started,  with  the  object  of  fostering  and  promoting 
le  sort  of  play  that  would  add  to  the  bodily  vigor  and  gener^ 
ell-being  of  young  folk.  European  experience  shows  that  while 
tnditions  for  babies  have  actually  improved  in  some  regions 
nee  the  war,  there  has  Ijeen  a  tendency  to  neglect  the  older 
lildren  in  the  press  of  circumstances.  They  have  suffered  in 
ialth  and  in  morals.  Foreign  authorities,  according  to  a  report 
cently  published  by  the  Chudren's  Bureau,  point  to  an  increase 
ju  venue  delinquency  as  a  result  of  the  abnormal  conditions 
at  inevitably  arise  from  war.  Fathers  at  the  front,  mothers  at 
le  factories,  play-leaders  and  teachers  drawn  away  for  war 
[>rk,  schools  commandeered  for  hospitals,  relaxed  police  super- 
sion — aU  these  things,  with  the  unrest  and  imac«u8tomed  ex- 
tements  of  war  time  added,  are  named  as  a  cause  of  the  increase 
the  number  of  yotmg  offenders.  As  an  antidote,  foreign 
ritcrs  are  almost  wianimous  in  suggesting  recreation,  abundant 
id  properly  supervised. 

Such  recreation  is  one  of  the  main  objects  of  Children's  Year, 
he  National  organizations  interested  in  the  activities  of  boys 
id  girls  are  co-operating  with  the  local  committees  of  the 
Qimcil  of  National  Defense  to  maintain  and  increase  the  facili- 
^  for  play  in  every  community. 

All  over  the  country  boys  and  girls  are  practicing  the  tests 
physical  efficiency  originated  by  tlie  Playgromid  and  Recre- 
iuu  Association,  one  of  the  agencies  interested  in  the  di  ive. 
Iiey  are  organizing  into  penny-whistle  clubs  and  young  folks' 
hkIh  and  choruses.  They  are  learning  the  folk-dances  of  the 
Hies.  In  the  Play  Week  now  being  held  or  so<m  to  be  held 
is  fall  all  over  the  country,  these  young  people  will  be  ready 
exhibit  their  accomplishnientjs.  There  will  he  s]>e<>ial  drills, 
'st-aid  drills,  and  demonstrations  of  cami>-life  activities  by  the 
:>y  Swrats  and  Girl  Scouts  and  Camp  Fire  (iir)s.  The  Junior 
m1  Cross  will  exhibit  the  things  they  have  made  for  soldiers, 
ilors,  and  refugees ;  the  Caiuiuig  Clulw  and  the  Boys'  and 
iris*  Clul)8  of  the  Department  of  Agriculture,  and  the  School 
arden  Army  of  the  Bureau  of  Education,  will  show  what  they 
,vc  done  in  the  inter««t  of  food  (nmservation.  Ohl  games  will 
!  n'vivetl.  Many  coiuiuunities  are  planning  to  present  ))ageants 
owing  the  contribution  to  be  made  by  the  (children  of  the 
ation  to  the  cause  of  democracy. 

The  Committee  on  Training  Camp  Activities  has  demon- 
rat*-<l  to  the  country,  beyond  all  question,  the  value  of  recrea- 
Hi  in  promoting  the  health  and  morale  of  our  men  in  camp. 
:ie  War  Camp  Community  Service  has  shown  that  abundant, 
ian  recreation  is  an  effective  antidote  to  the  vicious  uifluences 
at  have  always  in  the  past  Im'cu  camp  followers.  It  is  the  aim 
the  Chililren's  Bureau  and  tlie  Woman's  Committee,  with  the 


aid  of  the  cooperating  organizations,  to  demonstrate  during 
Children's  Year  the  value  of  recreation  for  children. 


THE    LESSON    OF   LAFAYETTE    DAY 

FRIDAY,  Septemlter  6,  the  anniversary  of  the  birth  of 
Lafayette  and  of  the  winning  of  the  first  Battle  of  the 
Marne,  was  recognized  by  celebrations  in  various  parts  of 
this  country.  That  in  New  York  City  was  perhaps  the  most 
notable.  It  took  the  form  of  a  distinguished  gathering  in  the 
Aldermanio  Chamber  of  the  fine  old  historic  City  HaS  in  the 
afternoon  and  of  a  banquet  in  the  evening.  The  exercises  at  the 
City  Hall  were  both  of  a  military  and  a  civic  character.  French 
veterans  and  American  soldiers  and  sailors  stood  at  attention  as 
the  distinguished  visitors  entered  the  building,  and  a  detachment 
of  British  sailors  and  of  American  soldiers  in  khaki,  with  their 
rifles,  added  picturesqueness  to  the  gathering  in  the  Hall.  State 
Supreme  Court  Justice  Victor  J.  Dowling  greeted  the  guests  and 
audience  as  Chairman.  He  is,  we  believe,  of  both  Irish  and  Bel- 
gian ancestry,  but  of  a  sturdy  Americanism  which  showed  itself 
in  an  admirably  expressed  appeal  to  fight  the  war  to  a  finish  and 
to  support  our  allies,  from  the  British  to  the  Japanese,  without 
limit.  To  this  sentiment  he  elicited  a  response  of  prolonged 
applause,  as  he  also  did  when  he  referred  to  the  two  great  spir- 
itual figures  of  the  war  as  King  Albert  and  Cardinal  Mercier  of 
Belgium.  Mr.  John  Jay  Chapman  read  an  unusually  stirring 
poem,  in  which  he  compared  the  pursuit  of  the  Hun  to  a  hunt  of  a 
wild  boar  whose  poisonetl  breath  was  almost  as  much  to  be  feared 
as  his  ruthless  fangs.  This  reference  by  poetical  analogy  to  the 
danger  of  a  negotiated  peace  also  brought  out  the  pronounced 
approval  of  the  gathering.   A  specially  interesting  part  of  the 

i)rograiume  was  the  reading  by  Mr.  Maurice  Leon,  to  whose  tire- 
ess  and  patriotic  energy  the  National  celebration  of  Lafayette 
Day  is  largely  due,  of  some  personal  messages  from  President 
Poincare  of  France,  Marshal  Joffre,  Marshal  Foch,  General 
Pershing,  and  Admiral  Sims — each  expressing  the  idea  that  the 
war  must  be  carried  on  until  the  enemy  unconditionally  sur- 
renders. No  n^otiate<l  peace  for  them ! 

The  chief  feature  of  the  afternoon  was  the  address  by  Colonel 
Theodore  Roosevelt.  His  speech  fell  into  two  parts ;  the  first  was 
a  tribute  to  our  allies  and  an  assertion  that  "  we  must  win  the 
war  as  speedily  as  possible;  but  we  must  set  ourselves  to 
fight  it  through,  no  matter  how  long  it  takes,  with  the  resolute 
determination  to  at^ept  no  peace  until,  no  matter  at  what  cost, 
we  win  the  pe&ae  of  an  overwhelming  victory."  The  second  part 
of  his  address  was  devote<l  to  urging  the  importance  of  a  per- 
manent policy  in  the  United  States  of  universal  military  train- 
ing and  service.  A  league  of  nations  to  enforce  peace  could 
l>e  of  no  value,  he  said,  unless  each  member  of  that  league  was 
strong  enough  to  defend  itself  and  therefore  to  throw  the  weight 
of  its  power  into  the  defense  of  the  league. 

Mr.  Roosevelt  did  not  add,  as  he  might  very  well  have  done, 
that  a  league  of  nations  to  enforce  peace  already  exists  ui 
the  group  of  twenty-three  Allies,  including  ourselves,  who  are 
fighting  against  the  banditry  of  Germany.  We  ho|)e  that  league 
will  be  continued  after  the  war,  and  that  no  other  nations  will 
l)e  taken  into  it,  not  even  the  neutral  nations,  imless  they  are 
didy  elected  after  passing  a  rigorous  test  as  to  their  qualifica- 
tions for  admission.  Any  international  league  of  nations  to 
enforce  jHsace  that  is  to  Iks  successful  must  l»  based  U]x>n 
morality,  and  it  woidd  Ite  as  inappropriate  and  destructive  to 
take  immoral  nations  into  such  a  league  as  it  would  be  to  take 
immoral  persons  into  a  8(K-iety  to  promote  social  purity,  or 
thieves  and  robbers  into  a  WK-iety  to  protect  pro|)erty. 

The  response  to  Mr.  Roosevelt's  address  was  made  by  his 
Excellency  the  French  Ambassa<ior,  Mr.  Jusserand,  who  also 
spoke  in  the  evening  at  the  dinner  of  the  Fi"an<*e-America 
Soi'iety.  Mr.  Jusserand  pointed  out  what  absolute  folly  it  is  to 
dejwiid  ui)on  any  treaty  made  with  nuHlcm  Germany,  not  only 
l)ecau8e  at  the  outbreak  of  the  war  she  «'onteinptuously  allude<l 
to  the  treaty  with  Belgium  as  a  "  scrap  of  pai)er,"  but  Wcaus*- 
hrr  tn»atic8  of  pea*'e  made  only  this  year  with  Russia  and  with 
Rumania  are  not  treaties  of  jK-ace,  but  treaties  of  slavery. 

Lafayette  Day  has  now  bt'CH>ine  a  sort  of  international  holi- 
day of  the  Allies,  and  it  slumld  1h>  so  continucil.   The  most 


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important  lesson  its  growing  celebration  in  this  country  has,  it 
seems  to  u&,  is  that  there  now  exists  in  the  world  a  league  for 
peace  consisting  of  twenty-three  nations;  that  those  nations 
must  continue  their  joint  membership  in  this  league  even  after 
a  decisive  victory  is  won ;  that  the  purposes  of  the  league  will 
be  not  only  to  determine  economic,  social,  and  political  reladcm- 
ships  among  themselves,  but  to  see  that  the  treaty  of  peace 
which  they  draw  up  is  observed  and  obeyed  by  other  nations  ; 
and,  finally,  to  make  it  clear  that  they  will  not  take  into  their 
league  any  other  nations  as  members  unless  they  so  elect,  after 
as  careful  scrutiny  and  as  strict  rejection  as  is  exercised  by  a 
fraternity  or  club  in  private  life  which  aims  to  maintain  serious 
objects  and  high  standards  of  iqembership. 

As  Mr.  Roosevelt  well  said  in  his  liafayette  Day  address,  ihe 
man  who  puts  internationalism  above  nationalism  is  as  much  to 
be  suspected  as  the  man  who  puts  promiscuous  affection  for  his 
neighbors  above  devotion  to  his  own  family.  The  twenty-three 
nations  who  are  now  fighting  for  the  liberty  of  the  world  as 
against  Pan-German  despotism  are  the  charter  members  of  a 
league  for  peace.  It  is  their  first  duty  to  protect  that  charter 
membership.  Promiscuous  admission  of  every  nation  into  the 
league,  regardless  of  its  past  record  or  present  character,  would 
ma^e  the  charter  not  worth  the  paper  it  is  written  on,  and  thus 
automatically  destroy  the  league  itself. 


THE    ROMANCE    IN    RUTS 

Ruts  are  too  rarely  regarded  as  a  road  to  romance.  A  too 
common  prejudice  in  favor  of  the  uncommon  blinds  us  to  the 
glamour  of  the  commonplace.  Why  should  not  the  track  most 
trodden  be  richest  for  human  discovery,  with  its  lure  of  count- 
less feet  urging  us  to  ascertain  their  unknown  goal,  its  wayside 
treasure  of  philosophies  set  there  for  our  guidance  by  the  innu- 
merable discoverers  who  have  followed  the  road  before  us  ?  For 
the  bom  adventurer  conservatism  may  hold  more  enticement 
to  exploration  than  revolt.  Such  a  man  keeps  step  with  the 
crowd  in  fearless  following  of  convention.  He  is  not  afraid  of 
anything,  least  of  all  of  capering  ahead  of  conservatism,  if  con- 
vinced he  would  thus  reach  a  goal.  He  exacts  of  circumstance 
that  it  shall  offer  him  the  utmost  opportunity  for  struggle  and 
the  most  incontestable  superiority  to  the  conditions  designed  for 
him  which  his  soul  can  attain.  Demanding  this,  he  has  his 
doubts  whether  kicking  off  the  harness  is  as  inalienable  a  proof 
of  sporting  blood  as  going  swiftly  in  it.  How  can  he  be  sure  he 
possesses  endurance  enough  to  win  the  race  if  he  runs  around 
the  hurdles  instead  of  jumping  over  them  ?  He  thinks  that  per- 
haps the  only  way  to  find  out  why  the  hurdles  of  convention 
are  set  upon  the  highway  is  to  accept  them. 

The  true  adventurer  distrusts  revolt  because  he  is  afraid  it 
may  prove  to  be  an  avoidance  of  difficiUties  that  might  afford 
him  both  development  and  discovery,  the  two  things  he  is  deter- 
mined no  fate  shall  deny  him.  For  example,  viewing  the  careers 
of  George  Eliot  and  George  Sand,  he  grants  that  they  were 
big  women  both,  but  queries  whether  they  might  not  have  been 
even  bigger  if  they  had  been  enthusiastically  humdrum.  It  is 
only  a  most  uncommon  person  who  can  be  commonplace  by  con- 
viction. It  is  the  gift  of  certain  geniuses  to  see  tlie  romance  in 
ruts,  and  to  live  it.  It  was  once  the  endowment  of  a  certain 
artist,  not  one  of  the  Georges  of  literature,  but  a  womau  named 
Jane. 

Convention,  if  investigated  with  a  reckless  abandon  to  con- 
formity, may  prove  a  richer  region  in  discovery  than  any  radi- 
calism. A  laical  may  be  a  man  most  hidebound  by  lus  own 
opinions.  The  true  explorer  tests  conformity  and  rebellion  with 
exactly  the  same  openness  of  mind,  and  his  hesitation  before  the 
rosy  promises  of  revolt  concerns  not  their  respectability  but  their 
reliability  ;  will  the  path  of  individual  freedom  they  point  really 
keep  his  brain  as  alert,  his  muscles  as  flexible  for  combat,  as 
that  more  ancient  roadway  which  conceivably  is  planned  with 
more  foresight  for  taking  him  farther  from  the  limitations  of 
self,  necessitated  by  a  blind  choice  of  his  own  direction  ?  The 
argument  has  nothing  to  do  with  conformity  in  itself,  or  with 
nonconformity  in  itself,  but  merely  suggests  that  the  former  is 
just  as  fertile  a  field  for  the  adventurer  as  the  latter.  An  external 
compliance  sometimes  affords  an  inner  freedom  not  otherwise 


obtained ;  for  if  people  see  you  kicking;  away  customs  the; 
likely  to  restrain  you  forcibly,  which  either  prev^its  altog< 
the  sweet  solitude  of  your  quest  or  makes  you  so  self -con 
that  you  can  no  longer  enjoy  it.  The  man  who  habituall; 
with  the  crowd,  inquisitively  acquiescent,  has  the  chance 
to  detect  the  human  riches  of  the  beaten  track  and  also  to 
aside,  unnoticed,  to  his  own  treasure-digging. 

When  one  advocates  the  courage  to  m  audadoasly  com 
place,  one  has  in  mind  that  the  commmiest  posBeasion  on  i 
IS  a  soul ;  every  Tom,  Dick,  and  Harry  owns  one,  yet  ever 
knows  that  his  soi^  is  a  trackless  realm  for  exploratit 
measureless  an  area  that  its  mere  outskirts  cannot  be  exhai 
in  seventy  years.  Only  the  timid  man  need  ever  fear  I 
bored  so  long  as  he  holds  a  soul  fief.  Yet  how  many  < 
instead  of  being  liberated  by  the  possession  of  peraonalit] 
bound  and  baffled  by  it,  like  the  caged  starling : 

"  Forever  the  impenetrable  wall 
Of  self  eonfinea  ray  poor  rebellious  sooL 

I  weary  of  desires  never  guemed, 
For  ahen  passions,  strange  imaginings. 
To  be  some  other  person  for  a  day." 

One  way  to  fly  free  of  the  bars  is  to  analyze  oar  aonl  qi 
Granted  that  what  we  all  desire  is  the  opportunity  to  be  l 
toward  the  unexpected,  why  do  we  take  such  precsutia 
have  our  paths  run  accortling  to  our  little  self-set  pal 
pleasant  as  a  park  ?  Of  life  we  demand  opportunity  for  d 
achievement,  but  when  life  opens  to  us  this  domain  oi 
familiar  doorstep  we  refuse  to  pay  the  price  of  admitl 
True  valor  lies  in  taking  adventure  wherever  it  is  offeret 
paying  the  price  like  a  man. 

Believing  always  that  the  common  road  has  more  wis 
than  any  road  that  he  might  select  for  himself,  the  true  a 
turer  is  never  ncmplused  oy  the  knowledge  that  the  wor 
to-day  is  not  so  rich  in  external  encounters  as  it  was  for  0 
bus  or  Drake.  Ultimately  we  shall  be  restricted  solely  to 
itual  exploration,  only  to  find  the  tracks  of  the  untrodden 
to  be  limitless.  A  presently  poet  complains  of  the  ei 
that  it  brings  far  countries  too  near : 

"  Rekindled  are  the  fires  of  Akbar's  tents, 
Strange  moons  have  silvered  stranger  continents, 
Forsaken  gods  implore  us. 
Legended  river,  peak,  and  island  girth, 
And  all  the  riches  of  the  realms  o?  earth 
Are  vital  now  before  us, 
But  mystery,  dear  mystery,  lies  dead."  ' 

Still  there  -remain  to  us  forever  tlie  n^lected  myster 
our  own  house  and  yard.  The  gift  of  glamour  is  a  gift  o 
own  bestowing,  and  whether  we  let  it  shine  on  far  thinj 
familiar,  on  external  or  on  spiritual,  it  has  power  to  mai 
little  kings  of  the  commonplace. 


THE    DEVIL    AND    THE    DEEP    SI 

Holland  is  between  the  devil  and  the  deep  sea.  Germs 
the  devil ;  America  represents  the  deep  sea. 

Having  no  coal  and  little  wheat,  Holland  is  naturally  <le 
ent  iipon  other  countries  for  them.  As  she  cannot  get  ace 
the  British  supply,  she  gets  her  coal  from  Germany.  .4 
cannot  get  access  to  the  Russian,  Rumanian,  and  Hung 
supplies,  she  gets  her  wheat  from  America. 

Holland  probably  needs  more  coal  proportionately  than 
any  other  country.  As  a  Dutehman,  Mr.  Rooseboom.  ii 
current  "  Atlantic  Monthly,"  shows,  much  of  her  land  Li ' 
sea-level,  and  to  a  large  extent  windmills  are  replaced  by  s 
pumps ;  a.s  he  states,  it  is  a  case  of  "  pump  or  toe  swampM 
18  German  coal  that  warms  and  lights  Dutch  houses,  that ! 
her  trains  and  industries  running.  What  has  Holland  to  d 
return  for  coal  ?  Gold,  of  course — the  thrifty  Dnteh  ;  brt 
what  Germany  needs  more — sugar,  coffee,  coooa,  fish,  b 
eggs,  beef,  cheese,  and  some  wheat.  Even  when  Holland  has 
virtually  starving,  says  Mr.  Rooseboom,  food  has  been  sma 
over  her  borders  into  Germany. 

As  to  wheat,  we  continued  to  export  laxge  amounts  to  Hd 
until  we  realized  that  it  was  being  re-exported    to  fed 


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87 


xuui  annv.  America  protested.  The  result  was  that  since 
dtk  16, 1916,  so  a  correspondent  in  HoUand  informs  as,  no 
a,  floor,  or  stock  feed  imported  by  that  country  has  been 
icted  to  Germany  or  elsewhere ;  that  nog^rain,  flour,  or  feed 
>utch  <mgin  has  been  exported  (this  was  made  possible 
use  of  import  of  corresponding  quantities  from  abroad), 

tihat  the  food  which  has  been  exported  from  Holland  has 
isted  of  surplus  dairy  and  a^oultural  products,  the  proper* 
skipped  to  each  country  bemg  fixed  by  agreement  with  the 
isli  and  Crerman  GovemmeDts. 

1  1917  Holland  paid  for  and  loaded  into  Dutch  vessels  in 
?rican  ports  nearly  two  hundred  thousand  tons  of  grain, 
r,  and  feed.   These  ships  were  detained  here  until  a  large 

of  the  cargo  was  spoiled,  the  loss  to  Holland,  together  with 
demurrage,  being  some  $8,000,000.  Such  treatment  our 
espondent  characterizes  as  "  unfriendly,  unfair,  and  stupid." 
t  first  blush  it  does  seem  so.  But  what  are  the  facts?  We 
ined  the  Dutch  ships,  first,  because  our  supply  of  btmker 
Avas  as  inadej^uate  as  our  supply  of  grain — and  grain  export- 

0  Holland  might  have  served  to  release  equivalent  foodstuffs 
le  enemy  ;  and,  second,  because  we  needed  the  ships.  The 
^e  Treaty,  which  Holland  and  America  both  signed,  pro> 
<i  for  utilization  W  either  state  of  private  property  in  time 
ar.  Not  until  the  Dutch  Government,  under  German  duress, 
id  itself  unable  to  carry  out  its  programme  for  the  simul- 
lous  departure  of  a  oorrespondii^r  ship  for  America  every 
»   a  Dutch  ship  left  our  ports,  did  we  proceed  to  exercise 

right.  We  agreed  to  replace  the  shim  in  kind  at  the 
a  of  the  war  and  to  b^^  to  send  to  Holland  a  hundred 
ifiand  tons  of  bread  oer^ls,  with  the  understanding  that 
r  should  not  contribute,  even  indirectly,  to  Germany's  aid. 

this  act  the  Dutch  Government  called  (despite  Holland's 
lature  to  the  Hague  Treaty)  "  an  act  of  violence."  When 
vinced,  however,  of  its  legality,  it  still  complained  that  we 

repudiated  Dutch- American  friendship. 
!erteinly  Dutch- American  friendship  proudly  rests  on  a  firm 
la  of  Dutch  friendliness.  As  Mr.  Boweboom  points  out,  the 
x;h  would  not  advance  one  man  or  one  cent  to  help  England 
ing  our  Revolution ;  on  the  oontrtury,  the  Amsterdam  bankers 
lisbed  $14,000,000  to  help  our  colonists,  and  when  Balti- 
e  was  hard  pressed  by  the  British  blockade  it  was  a  Dutch- 
i  who  broke  the  blockade  and  relieved  the  town  with  Dutch 
in  ships ;  moreover,  the  first  foreim  salute  to  the  American 
was  fired  by  Dutch  guns,  and  Holland  was  the  first  to 
3ome  the  newBepublic  as  her  equaL  Not  only  have  we  been 
tef ul  for  these  things,  but  the  heroism  shown  in  Dutch  his- 
f  has  had  no  sincerer  admirers,  we  are  sure,  than  Americans, 
witness  many  books,  from  Motiey's  "  Dutch  BepuUio "  to 
fiis's  "■  Brave  Little  Holland." 

Ii)lland's  history  shows  us  that  in  1681  she  issued  an  immortal 
iaration  of  liberty.  She  was  then  united.  In  1918  we  find 

bound.  In  Holhuid  conditions  like  those  in  Spain  prevail 
.  Booeebotmi  informs  us  that  "the  common  people  are 
idedly  anti-German,"  but  that  "  in  the  up^r  classes,  and 
re  particularly  among  the  aristocracy,  there  is  more  sympa- 

for  the  German  cause."  Inindentally,  the  Dutch  Queen's 
liand  is  German. 

The  result  is — and  we  cannot  be  surnrised — that  in  neither 
tin  nor  Holland  is  there  peace.  Mr.  Rooseboom  quotes 
•roving^  The  Outiook  for  December  26, 1917,  in  whiohwe 
1 :  "  What  is  commonly  called  peace  is  not  peace  at  all : 
re  absence  of  fighting  is  not  peace ;  on  the  contrary,  if  you 
it  peace  yon  wm  have  to  fight  for  it." 
ilpparenuy  in  Hollancl,  at  least  at  present,  the  people  are  not 
dy  to  fit^t  for  it,  for  in  the  fight  they  would  not  be  united. 
M  Mr.  Rooseboom  speaking  of  the  "  upper  "  or  "  lower " 
mes  when  he  asserts  that  *'  uie  Entente  is  gradually  pushing 
Hrilliug  Holland  into  her  [Germany's]  arms  '  ?  That  certainly 
M  not  smack  of  the  spirit  of  1581. 

Kn  indication  that  the  governing  classes  of  Holland  are  in 
ae  danger  of  falling  into  Germany's  arms  may  be  found  in 

1  Dutch  proposal  (probably  German-inspired)  reported  in 
ly  and  not  as  yet  disavowetl,  as  far  as  we  know,  it  was  to 
id  eaual  amounts  of  imtatoes  to  Germany  and  to  the  Entente, 

which  Holland  was  prepared  to  devote  a  total  of  50,000 
IS.    As  the  Allies  do  not  need   their   half,  the   50,000-tuu 


E 


roposal  might  result  in  all  of  the  amount  going  to  Germany, 
'ernaps  in  the  new  assurance  of  cereals  from  Au)erica  Holland 
finds  that  she  can^pare  potatoes.  Getting  carbohydrates  in  one 
form,  she  would  export  them  in  another.  She  would  tiius  as 
surely  supply  Germany  with  calory  ration  as  if  she  again 
reshipped  there  wheat  received  nom  America.  Of  course 
Holland  would  get  in  return:  a  corresponding  amotmt  of  ooaL 
Holland  has  now  received  a  raxt  of  the  foMstuffs  promised 
b^  us  under  the  arraujp^ement.  The  President  would  be  right  in 
withholding  the  rest  if  this  potato  report  is  confirmed. 

Our  correspondent  protests  that  Holland  has  maintained 
"  firmly  and  steadfastiy  those  principles  of  international  law 
that  were  first  formulated  on  her  soiL"  Has  she?  Or  has 
America? 

Let  Holland  look  across  her  border  to  .another  country  of 
about  her  own  size  which  has  maintained  these  principles, 
which  has  sacrificed  herself  during  four  years  in  their  defense. 
That  is  why  we  are  sending  thousands  of  tons  of  foodstuffs  to 
Rotterdam,  there  to  be  miloaded  into  Dutch  river  steamers 
and  forwarded  to  Belgium  through  Dutch  waterways,  reljring 
on  Dutch'  assurances  that  food  intended  for  relief  in  Belgium 
will  never  be  requisitioned  for  use  in  Holland.  And  that  is  why 
Holland  herself  has  nobly  provided  homes  for  thousands  upon 
thousands  of  Belgian  refugees. 

America  is  in  uiis  war  to  win.  She  intends  to  remain  true  to 
her  friendship  for  the  gallant  nation  which  once  befriended  her. 
It  is  Holland  s  part,  tiiough  sorely  pressed,  to  remain  worthy  of 
that  friendship. 


BROADWAY   ON   A    HOT    NIGHT 

The  Happy  Eremite  walked  up  Broadway  from  Thirty-fourth 
Street  into  the  gay  littie  world  of  theaters  and  cabarets  and 
spendthrifts  of  money  and  hope  that  lives  its  feverish  life  in 
and  about  Times  Square.  The  hour  was  the  one  which  Broad- 
way considers  peculiarly  her  own,  namely,  midnight.  The 
theaters  and  the  movie  houses  were  already  dark ;  but  the  ni^ht 
was  hot,  and  two  currents  of  sweltering  humanity  were  flowmg 
along  the  sidewalk,  north  and  south,  aimlessly  so  far  as  the 
Happy  Eremite  could  see,  having  no  destination  except  the 
VMnie  goal  of  hectic  adventure. 

The  ci^wd  was  the  ordinary  crowd,  jostling  and  noisy  and 
cheap,  but  its  degree  of  vulgarity  struck  the  Happy  Eremite 
as  quite  out  of  the  ordinary,  for  the  starched  jauntiness  that 
gives  Broadway  a  certain  gaudy  dash  of  its  own  was  wilted ; 
the  flashiness  railed  to  flaw.  There  were  little  brown  runnels 
through  the  paint. 

It  was  as  though  life,  in  a  sardonic  mood,  had  impetuously 
stripped  these  Children  of  the  Blind  Alley  of  their  diseuise. 
There  Uiey  were,  in  a  steam  of  heat  and  perspiration  and  vile 
perfumery,  with  the  garment  of  manufaoturea  prettiness  flung 
aside,  revealed  in  their  nakedness. 

Theydid  not  make  an  attractive  picture. 

TheHappy  Eremite  walked  slowly  up  Broadway,  staring  into 
the  livid  noes  that  floated  by  on  the  bliack  current.  It  seemed 
to  him  that  he  was  on  some  murky  riveivbank  of  hell  watching 
the  «ndless  passing  of  the  damned. 

"Damned!" 

The  word  rang  like  a  gloomy  bell  through  his  being. 

His  Sense  of  Humor  interposed.  "  Don  t  be  an  ass,"  it  said. 
**  You  talk  like  a  deacon." 

"  No,"  his  Sober  Judgment  answered.  "  These  people  are 
damned,  and  joking  about  it  won't  make  them  any  less  damned 
thui  they  are.  They  are  not  damned  because  a  Scotchman  in 
the  sixteenth  century  said  that  any  one  who  let  himself  have 
a  good  time  was,  ipso  facto,  automatically,  and  without  further 
amunent,  damnea.  They  are  not  damned  because  they  have 
ofrended  God  or  because  they  have  sinned,  or  any  nonsense  of 
that  sort.  A  lot  of  them  undoubtedly  are  perfectly  respectable 
and  have  never  done  anything  the  theologians  would  classify 
as  sin.  They  are  damned  because  they  think  tliat  they  can  find 
happiness  in  tangible,  seeable,  smellable  things — iu  clothes  and 
perfume  and  food  and  strong  drink,  and  in  looking  at  exciting 
pictures,  and  iu  feeling  strange,  dark  thrills  tingling  their 
flesh.  They  will  chase  happiness  and  they  won't  find  it,  and 


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88 


THE   OUTLOOK 


they  wiD  chase  it  more  wildly  and  still  they  won't  find  it; 
and  they  will  desiccate  their  hearts  in  the  desert  heat  and 
quench  their  spirits  in  the  marshes,  and  they  will  be  damned 
uirough  time  and  through  eternity,  to  the  third  and  fourth 
generation,  damned  and  damned  and — " 

"  See  here  1"  cried  his  Conscience.  "  I  thought  you  called 
yourself  a  Christian  Eremite.  Christianity  means  grace,  foiv 
giveness,  salvation.  Where  do  these  come  in  ?" 

*'  They  come  in,"  he  answered,  "  as  all  other  priceless  things 
come  in — even  as  the  trust  in  purchasable  things  goes  out." 

He  moved  slowly  on,  and  the  turgid  current  flowed  slowly 
past  him,  noisy  and  imclean.  Suddenly  he  was  aware  of  a 
strident  voice  above  the  other  strident  voices. 

"  Naw,  go 'way,"  it  cried.  "I'm  sick  o' you  tango  lizards. 
Why  douteher  go  an'  enlist  ?"  The  voice  was  drowned  in  the 


sound  of  many  voices.   The  Eremite  turned  southward,  ai 
minute  later  he  heard  the  voice  once  more : 

"  Say,  Florence,"  it  said,  softly,  quite  near  him.  "  I'm  g 
home." 

"  What  for  ?"  queried  another  voice,  shrill  and  cheap  as 
first. 

"Oh,  I  don't  know,"  said  the  other.  "I'm  sick  o'  t] 
cheap-skate  willies.  I'm  sick  of  a  lot  of  things.  I  gaei». 
haps—" 

Her  voice  died  away,  lost  in  the  mordant  laughter  < 
slightly  intoxicated  pair  pushing  their  way  from  a  restaiu 
to  a  taxi. 

The  Happy  Eremite  looked  up  at  the  stars  and  murmun 
prayer  to  uie  Guardian  of  hearts  that  were  sick  of  "cb 
skate  willies." 


A  JUDICIAL  DEFINITION  OF  ALLEGIANCE 

The  Rev.  J.  Fontana,  pastor  of  the  German  Evangelical  Chnrch,  New  Salem,  North  Dakota,  was  recently  tried  at  Bismarck,  in 
State.   He  was  charged  with  having  uttered  from  time  to  time  seditious  language  for  the  purpose  of  interfering  with  the  military  actir 
of  the  Government.  The  presiding  Judge  was  Charles  F.  Amidon,  of  the  United  States  District  Court,  District  of  N(Mth  Dakota.  The  ; 
returned  a  verdict  of  guilty  against  Mr.  Fontana  on  August  15.   United  States  Attorney  Hildreth  moved  for  sentence  on  August  19. 
passing  sentence  Judge  Amidon  said  in  part  what  follows. — Tub  Ebitoks. 


OU  received  ^our  final  pa^rs  as  a  citizen  in  1898.   By 

"       '    '  lured 


the  oath  which  you  then  took  you  renoimced  and  abj 
all  allegiance  to  Germany  and  to  the  Emperor  of  Ger- 
many, and  swore  that  you  would  bear  true  faith  and  allegiance 
to  the  United  States.  What  did  that  mean  ?  That  you  would 
set  about  earnestly  Rowing  an  American  soul  and  put  away 
your  German  soid.  That  is  what  your  oath  of  allegiance  meant. 
Have  you  done  that?  I  do  not  think  you  have.  You  have  cher- 
ished everything  German,  prayed  German,  read  German,  sane 
German.  Every  thought  of  your  mind  and  every  emotion  <n 
your  heart  through  all  these  years  has  been  German.  Your  body 
has  been  in  America,  but  your  life  has  been  in  Germany.  U 
you  were  set  down  in  Prussia  to^y,  you  would  be  in  harmony 
with  your  environment.  It  would  fit  you  just  as  a  flower  fits 
the  leaf  and  stem  of  the  plant  on  which  it  grows.  You  have 
influenced  others  who  have  been  under  your  ministry  to  do  the 
same  thing.  You  said  you  would  cease  to  cherish  your  German 
soul.  That  meant  that  you  would  begin  the  study  of  American 
life  and  history,  that  you  would  open  your  mind  and  heart  to 
all  of  its  influences,  that  you  would  try  to  understand  its  ideals 
and  purposes  and  love  tnem,  that  you  would  try  to  build  up 
inside  of  yourself  a  whole  group  of  feelings  for  the  United  Stat^ 
the  same  as  you  felt  towards  the  fatherland  when  you  left  Ger- 
many. There  have  been  a  good  many  Germans  before  me  in 
the  last  month.  It  has  been  an  impressive  part  of  the  trial. 
They  have  lived  in  this  country,  luce  yourself,  ten,  twenty, 
thirty,  forty  years  ;  and  they  had  to  give  their  evidence  through 
an  interpreter.  And  as  I  looked  at  them  and  tried  as  best  I 
could  to  understand  them,  there  was  written  all  over  every  one 
of  them,  "  Made  in  Germany."  American  life  had  not  dimmed 
that  mark  in  the  least.  It  stood  there  as  bright  and  fresh  as  the 
inscription  upon  a  new  coin.  I  do  not  blame  you  and  these  men 
alone.  I  blame  myself.  I  blame  my  country.  We  urged  you  to 
come.  We  welcomed  you ;  we  g^ve  you  opportunity ;  we  gave 
you  land ;  we  conferred  upon  yon  the  diadem  of  American 
citizenship — and  then  we  left  you.  We  paid  no  attention  to 
what  you  have  been  doing. 

And  now  the  world  war  has  thrown  a  searchlight  upon  our 
National  life,  and  what  have  we  discovered  ?  We  find  all  over 
these  United  States,  in  groups,  little  Germanics,  little  Italics, 
little  Anstrias,  little  Norways,  little  Russias.  These  foreign 
people  have  thrown  a  circle  about  themselves,  and,  instead  of 
keeping  the  oath  they  took  that  they  would  try  to  grow  Ameri- 
can souls  inside  of  them,  they  have  studiously  striven  to  exclude 
everything  American  and  to  cherish  everything  foreign.  A 
clever  gentleman  wrote  a  romance  called  "  America,  the  Melt- 
ing Pot."  It  appealed  to  our  vanity,  and  throujrfi  all  these  years 
we  have  been  seeing  romance  instead  of  fact.  That  is  the  awful 
truth.  The  figure  of  my  country  stands  beside  you  to-day.  It 
says  to  me:  Do  not  blame  this  man  alone.  I  am  partly  to 
blame.    Punish  him  for  his  offense,  but  let  him  know  that  I  see 


things  in  a  new  light,  that  a  new  era  has  oome  here.  Punish 
to  teach  him,  and  the  like  of  him,  and  all  those  who  have  I 
misled  by  him  and  his  like,  that  a  change  has  come ;  that  tl 
must  be  an  interpretation  anew  of  the  oath  of  all^^iance.  It 
been  in  the  past  nothing  but  a  formula  of  words.  From 
time  on  it  must  be  translated  into  living  characters  incan 
in  the  life  of  every  foreigner  who  has  his  dwelling-place  in 
midst.  If  they  have  been  cherishing  foreign  history,  fon 
ideals,  foreign  loyalty,  it  must  be  stopped,  and  they  must  bi 
at  once,  all  over  again,  to  cherish  American  thought,  Amer 
history,  American  ideals.  That  means  something  that  is  ti 
done  in  your  daily  life.  It  does  not  mean  simply  that  you  wiD 
take  up  arms  against  the  United  States.  It  goes  deeper  fart 
that.  It  means  that  you  will  live  for  the  United  States,  andi 
you  will  cherish  and  g^w  American  souls  inside  of  yon. 
means  that  you  will  take  down  from  the  walls  of  your  home< 
picture  of  ^e  Kaiser  and  put  up  the  picture  of  Wa.shing1 
that  you  will  take  down  the  picture  of  Bismarck  and  hang 
the  picture  of  Lincoln.  It  means  that  you  will  begin  to  i 
American  songs ;  that  yon  will  b^n  earnestly  to  study  Ai 
ican  history ;  that  you  will  begin  to  open  your  lives  thro 
every  avenue  to  the  influence  of  American  life.  It  means  i 
you  will  begin  first  of  all  to  learn  English,  the  language  of 
country,  so  that  there  may  be  a  door  into  your  souls  timi 
which  American  life  may  enter. 

I  am  not  so  simple  as  to  entertain  the  idea  that  racial  ha 
and  qualities  can  be  put  aside  by  the  will  in  a  day,  in  a  yeai 
a  generation ;  but  because  that  is  difficult  is  all  the  more  ks 
why  you  should  get  about  it  and  quit  cherishing  a  foreign 
If  half  the  effort  had  been  put  forth  in  these  foreign  comui 
ties  to  build  up  an  American  life  in  the  hearts  of  these  for« 
bom  citizens  that  has  been  put  forth  to  peroetuate  a  fon 
life,  our  situation  would  have  been  entirely  different  from  « 
it  is  to-day.  You  have  violated  your  oath  of  allegiance  in  t 
You  have  cherished  foreign  ideals  and  tried  to  make  them  e 
lasting.  That  is  the  basic  wrong  of  these  thousands  of  li 
islands  of  foreigners  that  have  been  formed  through  our  wl 
limits,  that,  instead  of  trying  to  remove  the  foreign  life  onl 
their  souls  and  to  build  up  an  American  life  in  them,  they  I 
striven  studiously  from  year  to  year  to  stifle  American  life 
to  make  foreignness  perpetual.  That  is  disloyalty.  And 
object,  one  of  the  big  objects,  of  this  serious  proceeding  in 
court,  and  other  like  proceedings  in  other  courts,  is  to  < 
notice  that  that  must  be  stopped. 

I  have  seen  before  my  eyes  another  day  of  judgment.  V 
we  get  through  with  this  war,  and  civil  liberty  is  made  ! 
once  more  upon  this  earth,  there  is  going  to  be  a  day  of  ji 
ment  in  these  United  States.  Foreign-bom  citizens  and 
institutions  which  have  cherished  foreignness  are  going  tn 
brought  to  the  judgment  bar  of  this  Republic  That  dsj 
judgment  looks  more  to  me  to-day  like  the  g^reat  Day  of  Jii 


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TO  AMERICA 

BY  HAROLD   TROWBRIDGE   PULSIFER 

Be  solemn  in  your  joy,  O  land. 
While  triumph  marches  with  your  flag. 
Remembering  the  holy  band 
That  bore  it  on  from  vale  to  crag. 

Be  solemn  in  your  joy,  O  land, 
And  prayerful  in  your  high  delight, — 
Where  your  victorious  colors  stand 
There  is  a  host  beyond  your  sight. 

It  is  the  host  of  those  who  died, — 
Dear  Belgian  babes  and  stalwart  men. 
And  women  whelmed  beneath  the  tide ; — 
That  liberty  might  live  again; 

Daughters  of  France  whom  God  forgot 
In  dens  below  the  German  line. 
And  soldiers  grim  who  questioned  not 
But  gave  their  blood  like  living  wine ; 

Men  from  the  warm  Italian  plain 
Who  jjerished  in  the  snow  and  ice. 
And  Britons  who  were  proud  to  drain 
The  brimming  cup  of  sacrifice ; 

And,  last  of  all,  your  eager  sons 
Who  stormed  the  very  mouth  of  hell. 
Glad-eyed  they  met  the  flaming  guns 
And  caught  your  banner  ere  it  fell. 

This  is  the  host,  O  land,  that  knows 
The  worth  of  pain,  the  cost  of  peace; 
And  on  the  road  your  banner  goes 
They  follow  till  the  war  drums  cease. 

They  ask  no  honors  from  your  hand. 
No  flowered  wreath,  no  carven  stone. 
Behold  their  steady  eyes  command 
One  thing  of  you  and  one  alone. 

Build  them  a  rampart  mountain  high 
Between  their  children  and  the  Hun, — 
Then  those  who  were  so  proud  to  die 
Will  know  at  last  their  task  is  done. 

Though  drop  by  drop  you  count  the  cost. 
Lift  up  that  rampart  to  the  skies  ! 
If  the  battle  end  and  their  cause  be  lost. 
Have  you  courage  to  face  that  host  of  eyes  ? 


Googk 


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THE   OUTLOOK 


18  September 


ment  than  anything  that  I  have  thought  of  for  many  yean. 
There  is  going  to  be  a  separation  on  that  day  of  the  sheep  from 
the  goats.  Every  institution  that  has  been  en£»£|ed  m  this 
business  of  making  foreignness  perpetual  in  the  United  States 
will  have  to  change  or  cease.  That  is  going  to  cut  deep,  bnt  it 
is  coming. 

I  recognize  the  right  of  foreign-bom  citizens  to  hear  their 
religion,  if  they  cannot  understand  it  in  English,  spoken  to  them 
in  the  tongue  tiiat  they  can  understand.  If  they  have  not  yet 
acquired  enough  English  to  read,  they  are  entitled  to  have  a 
pa])er  that  shall  speak  to  them  the  language  that  they  can 
understand.  I  cannot  go  further  than  that.  And  this  is  the 
capital  thing  that  is  going  to  be  settled  on  that  day  of  judg- 
ment, namely,  that  the  right  to  those  things  is  temporary,  and 
it  cannot  be  enjoyed  by  anybody  who  is  not  willing  to  r^^ard 
it  as  temporary  and  to  set  about  earnestly  making  uxe  time  of 
that  enjoyment  as  short  as  possible.  That  means  a  fundamental 
revision  of  these  foreign  churches.  No  freedom  of  the  press  will 
protect  a  perpetual  foreign  press  in  these  United  States.  It 
won't  protect  any  press  or  any  church  which,  while  it  is  trying 
to  meet  a  temporary  need,  does  not  set  itself  earnestly  about  the 


business  of  making  that  temporary  situation  just  as  temporary 
as  possible,  and  not  making  it,  as  has  been  true  in  the  past,  jiiM 
as  near  perpetual  as  possible.  Men  who  are  not  willing  to  d<> 
that  will  have  to  choose.  If  they  prefer  to  cherish  foreign  ideals, 
they  will  have  to  go  to  their  own.  If  it  is  necessary,  we  will 
oanoel  every  certificate  of  citiaenship  in  these  United  States. 
The  Federal  Government  has  power  to  deal  with  that  subject 
and  it  lb  going  to  deal  with  it.  Nothing  else  than  that  sorely 
can  be  possible.  And  the  object  of  the  sentence  which  I  pro- 
noimce  upon  you  to-day  is  not  alme  to  punish  you  for  the  dis- 
loyalty of  which  you  have  been  guilty,  but  to  serve  notice  upon 
you,  and  the  like  of  you,  and  all  of  the  groups  of  people  in  tiiis 
district  who  have  been  cherishing  foreignness,  that  the  end  of 
that  r^me  has  come.  It  is  a  txJl  to  every  one  of  yon  to  set 
about  earnestly  the  growing  of  an  American  soul  inside  of  yon. 
The  Court  finds  and  adjudges  that  yon  are  guilty  under  each 
count  of  the  indictment,  and  as  a  punishment  uierefor  it  Lt 
further  adjudged  that  you  be  imprisoned  in  the  Federal  Peni- 
tentiary at  Leavenworth  for  the  term  of  three  years.  The 
sentences  under  the  three  counts  of  the  indictment  are  to  run 
concurrently  and  not  successively. 


RUNNING  SUBMERGED 

SPECIAL    CORRESPONDENCE   FROM   HENRY   B.   BESTON 

The  Navy  Department  has  recently  announced  that  American  submarines  are  at  work  on  the  other  side.  Thanks  to  the  courtesy  of 
Secretary  Danieu  and  Admiral  Sims,  a  special  naval  correspondent  of  The  Outlook,  Mr.  Henry  B.  Beaton,  was  recently  permitted  to  visit 
the  submarine  base.  Mr.  Beaton  writes  that  the  record  of  these  submarines  is  niacniificent,  and  that  when  their  story  is  told  it  will  prove  U< 
he  one  of  the  most  heroic  of  the  war.  Another  article  from  this  correspondent  mil  follow. — ^Thb  Editoks. 


IT  was  breakfast  time,  and  the  officers  of  the  submarines 
then  in  port  had  gathered  around  one  end  of  the  long  dining- 
table  in  the  wantroom  of  the  mother  ship.  Two  or  three 
who  had  breakfasted  early  had  taken  places  on  a  bench  along 
the  nearer  wall  and  were  examining  a  disint^^ting  heap  of 
English  and  American  magazines,  while,  pushed  back  from  the 
table  and  smoking  an  ancient  brier,  the  senior  of  the  group  read 
aloud  the  wireless  news  which  had  just  arrived  that  morning. 
The  news  was  not  of  great  importance.  This  lecture  done  with, 
the  tinkle  of  cutlery  and  silver,  which  had  been  politely  hushed, 
broke  forth  again. 

"  What  are  you  doing  this  morning.  Bill  ?"  said  one  of  the 
young  captains  to  another  who  had  appeared  in  old  clothes. 

"  Going  out  at  about  half-past  nine  with  the  X 10."  (The  X 10 
was  a  British  submarine.)  "  Just  going  to  take  a  couple  of  shots 
at  each  other.  What  are  you  up  to  ?" 

"  Oh,  I've  got  to  give  a  bearing  the  once  over,  and  then  I've 
got  to  write  a  bunch  of  letters." 

"  Wouldn't  you  like  to  come  with  us  ?"  said  the  first  speaker 
to  me,  pausing  over  a  steaming  dish  of  breakfast  porridge.  "  Be 
mighty  glad  to  take  you." 

"  Indeed,  I  would,"  I  replied,  with  joy  in  my  heart.  "  All  my 
life  long  I  have  wanted  to  take  a  trip  in  a  submarine." 

"  That's  fine  I  We'll  get  you  some  dimgarees.  Can't  fool 
round  a  submarine  in  gootl  clothes."  The  whole  table  beean  to 
take  a  friendly  interest,  and  a  dispute  arose  as  to  whose  clothes 
would  best  fit  me.  I  am  a  larce  person.  "  Give  him  my  extra 
set ;  they're  on  the  side  of  my  locker."  "  Don't  you  want  a  cap 
or  something  ?"  "  Hey,  that's  too  small ;  wait  and  I'll  get  Tom's 
coat."  "  Tnr  these  on."  Thev  are  a  wonderful  lot,  the  subma- 
rine boys,  tae  most  wonderful  lads  in  the  world. 

I  felt  frightfully  submarinish  in  my  outfit.  We  must  have 
made  a  picturesque  group.  The  captain  led  off,  wearing  a  tat- 
tered, battered  old  uniform  of  Annapolis  dajfs;  I  followed, 
wearing  an  old  navy  cap  jammed  on  the  side  of  my  head  and 
a  suit  of  newly  laundered  dungarees ;  the  second  officer  brought 
up  the  rear,  his  outfit  consisting  of  dungaree  trousers,  a  kind 
of  aviator's  waistcoat,  and  an  old  cloth  cap. 

The  submarines  were  moored  close  by  uie  side  of  the  mother 
ship,  a  double  doorway  in  the  wall  of  the  machine  shop  on  the 
lower  deck  opening  directly  upon  them.  A  narrow  rimway  con- 
nected the  nearest  vessel  with  the  sill  of  this  aperture,-and  mere 
planks  led  from  one  suiHTstructure  to  another.  The  day,  first  real 


day  after  weeks  of  rain,  was  soft  and  clear ;  great  low  masses 
of  vapor,  neither  mist  nor  doud,  but  something  of  both,  swept 
down  the  long  bay  on  the  wings  of  the  wind  from  the  clean, 
sweet-smelling  sea ;  the  sun  slrane  like  ancient  silver.  Little 
f retfid  waves  of  water,  clear  as  the  water  of  a  sprin|^,  coursed 
down  the  alleyways  between  the  submarines ;  guDs,  piping  and 
barking,  whirled  like  snowflakes  overhead.  I  crossed  to  one  gray 
alligatorish  superstructure,  looked  down  a  narrow  circular  hatch, 
at  whose  floor  I  could  see  the  captain  waiting  for  my  coming, 
grasped  the  steel  rings  of  a  narrow  ladder,  and  descended  into 
the  submarine. 

The  first  impression  was  of  being  surrounded  by  tremendow. 
almost  incredible  complexity.  A  bewildering  and  intricate  mas." 
of  delicate  meohauioal  contrivances — valves,  stop-cocks,  wheels, 
chains,  shining  pipes,  ratchets,  faucets,  oil-cups,  rods,  ganger.. 
Second  impression — bright  deaidiness,  shining  orass,  gleams  of 
steely  radiance,  stainless  walls  of  white  enamel  paint.  Third 
impressions-size ;  there  was  much  more  room  than  I  had  ex- 
pected. Of  course  everything  is  to  be  seen  by  floods  of  steady 
electric  light,  since  practically  no  daylight  filters  down  through 
an  open  hatchway. 

*'  This,"  said  the  captain,  "  is  the  control-room.  Notice  the 
two  de^th  gauges — two,  in  case  one  gets  out  of  order.  That  thidc 
tube  with  a  brass  thread  coiled  about  it  is  our  periscope,  and  it's 
a  peach !  It's  of  the  '  housing '  kind  and  winds  up  and  dovni 
along  that  screw.  The  thread  prevents  any  leak  of  water.  In 
here " — we  went  through  a  lateral  compartment  with  a  steel 
door  as  thick  as  that  of  a  small  safe — ^'  is  a  space  where  we  eat, 
sleep,  and  live ;  our  cook-stove  is  that  gas  jet  in  the  oomer ;  we 
don  t  do  much  cooking  when  we're  running  submera^ ;  in 
here ' — we  passed  another  stout  partition — "  is  our  Diesel  engine 
and  our  dynamos.  Up  forward  is  another  living  space,  which 
technically  belongs  to  the  officers,  and  the  torp«lo-room."  He 
took  me  along.  "•  Now  you've  seen  it  all.  A  fat  steel  cigar, 
divided  into  various  compartments  and  cram-jammed  full  of 
shining  machinery.  Of  course  there's  no  privacy  whatsoever." 
(Readers  will  have  to  guess  what  is  occasionally  used  for  the 
phonograph  table.)  "  Our  space  is  so  limited  that  designers  will 
spend  a  year  arguing  where  to  put  an  object  no  bigger  than  a 
soap-box.  We  get  on  very  well,  however.  Every  crew  gets  used 
to  its  boat ;  the  men  get  used  to  each  other.  They  like  the  life : 
you  wuldn't  drag  them  back  to  surfatte  vessels.  An  ideal  suK 
marine  crew  works  like  a  perfect  machine.  When  we  go  out. 


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you'll  see.  that  we  give  our  orders  by  klaxon.  There's  too  much 
noise  for  the  voice.  Suppose  I  had  popped  up  on  the  siuface 
ru^ht  under  the  very  nose  of  one  of  those  destroyer  brutes. 
She  might  start  to  ram  me  ;  in  which  case  I'd  have  not  time 
to  make  recop^iition  signals  and  would  have  to  take  my  choice 
lietween  getting  rammed  or  depth-bombed.  I  decide  to  sub- 
merge, push  a  button,  the  klaxon  gives  a  yell,  and  every  man 
does  automatically  what  he  has  b^  trained  to  do.  A  floods 
tlie  tanks,  B  stanas  by  the  dynamos,  C  watches  the  depth  gauges, 
and  so  on.  That's  what  we  call  a  crash  dive." 

"  Over  at  the  destroyer  base,"  I  said,  "  they  told  me  that  the 
Germans  were  having  trouble  because  of  lack  of  trained  crews." 

"  Yon  can  just  bet  they  are  I"  said  the  captain.  "  Must  have 
lost  several  boats  that  way.  Can't  monkey  with  these  boats ;  if 
somebody  pulls  a  fool  stunt — p^ood-nightf"  He  opened  a  gold 
watch  and  closed  it  again  with  a  cfick.  "  Nine  o'clock.  Just 
time  to  shove  off.  Onne  up  on  the  bridge  until  we  get  out  in 
the  bay." 

I  climbed  the  narrow  ladder  agaip  and  crept  along  the  super- 
structure to  the  bridge,  which  rose  for  all  the  world  like  a  little 
grav  steel  pulpit.  One  has  to  be  reasonably  surefooted.  It  was 
<;unous  to  emerge  from  the  electric-lighted  marvel  to  the  sun- 
light of  the  bay,  to  the  view  of  the  wild  moimtains  descending 
to  the  clear  sea.  It  was  like  a  dream  glimpse  into  the  future — a 
look  into  that  marvelous  mechanical,  electric  future  which  is  ' 
certain  to  be  that  of  humankind.  The  captain  gave  his  orders. 
Faint,  vague  noises  rose  out  of  the  hatchway.  Sailors  standing 
at  various  points  along  the  superstructure  cast  off  the  mooring 
ropes  and  took  in.  bumpers  shaped  like  monstrous  sausages  of 
(K>rd  which  had  protected  one  bulging  hull  from  another.  The 
submarine  went  ahead  as  solemnfy  as  a  planet.  Friendly  faces 
leaned  over  the  raU  of  the  mother  ship,  high  above. 

Once  out  in  the  bay,  I  asked  the  second  in  command  just 
what  we  were  up  to.  The  second  in  command  was  a  well-knit 
ynimgster,  wilih  the  coolest,  most  resolute  blue  eyes  it  has  ever 
lM>en  my  fortune  to  see. 

*"  We're  going  to  take  shots  at  a  British  submarine,  and  th«i 
she's  going  to  iMve  a  tr^  at  us.  We  don't  really  fire  torpedoes, 
but  maneuver  for  a  position*  Three  shots  apiece.  There  she  is 
now,  running  on  the  surface.  Just  as  soon  as  we  get  out  to  deep 
water  we'll  submerge  and  go  for  her.  Great  practioej" 

A  British  submarine,  somewhat  larger  than  our  American 
lioat,  was  running  down  the  bay,  pnslung  curious  little  waves 
of  water  ahead  of  her.  Several  men  stood  on  her  deck. 

"  Nice  boat,  isn't  she  ?  Her  captain's  a  great  scout.  About 
two  months  ago  a  patrol  boat  shot  off  his  periscope  after  he  made 
it  reasonably  dear  he  wasn't  a  Hun.  You  ought  to  near  him  tell 
about  it  I  Especially  his  opinion  of  patrol-boat  captains.  Great 
command  of  language.  Bully  fellow.  Bom  submarine  man." 

*'  I  meant  to  ask  you  if  you  weren't  sometimes  mistaken  for 
a  German,"  I  said, 

"  Yes,  it  happens,''  he  answered,  coolly.  "  You  haven't  seen 
Smithie  yet,  nave  you?  Guess  he  was  away  when  you  came.  A 
bnnoh  of  destroyers  almost  murdered  lum  last  month.  He's 
come  the  nearest  to  kissing  himself  good-by  of  any  of  us.  Going 
to  dive  now ;  tame  to  get  under." 

Onoe  more  down  the  steel  ladder.  I  was  getting  used  to  it. 
The  handful  of  sailors  who  had  been  on  deck  waited  for  us  to 
pass.  Within,  the  strong,  somewhat  peppery  smell  of  hot  oil 
from  the  Diesel  engines  floated,  and  there  was  to  be  heard  a 
hard,  powerful  knocking-spitting  sound  from  the  same  source. 
The  hatch-cover  was  secured — a  listener  might  have  heard  a 
steely  thump  and  a  grind  as  it  closed.  Trapped  I  Men  stood 
calmly  by  the  depth  gauges  and  the  valves.  Not  being  a  "  crash 
«live,'  the  feat  of  getting  under  was  accomplished  quietly — 
accomplished  with  no  more  fracas  than  accompanies  the  running 
of  a  motor  car  up  to  a  door.  One  instant  we  were  on  the  surface, 
the  next  instant  we  were  under,  and  the  lean  black  arrow  on  the 
broad  moon-faced  depth  gauge  was  beginning  to  creep  from  ten 
to  fifteen,  from  fifteen  to  twenty,  from  twenty  to  twenty-five. 
The  clatter  of  the  Diesel  engine  bad  ceased ;  in  its  place  rose  a 
low  hum.  And  of  course  there  was  no  alteration  of  light ;  nothing 
but  that  steady  electric  glow  on  those  cold,  clean,  bulging  walls. 

"  What's  the  prc^ramme  now?" 

^  **  We  are  goinp;  down  the  bay  a  bit,  put  up  our  periscope, 
pick  up  the  Britisher,  and  fire  an  imaginary  tin  fish  at  him. 


After  each  shot  we  coiae  to  the  sur&oe  for  an  instant  to  let 
him  know." 

"  What  depth  are  we  now?" 

"Only  fifty-five  feet" 

"  What  depth  can  you  go  ?" 

"  The  Navy  regulations  forbid  our  descending  more  than  two 
hundred  feet.  Subs  are  always  hiking  around  about  fifty  or 
seventy-five  feet  under — ^just  oeep  enough  to  be  well  under  the 
keel  of  anything  going  by." 

"  Where  are  we  now  ?" 

"  Pretty  close  to  the  mouth  of  the  bay.  I'm  going  to  shove 
up  the  periscope  in  a  few  minutes." 

The  captain  gave  an  order,  the  arrow  on  the  dial  retreated 
towards  the  left. 

"  Keep  her  there."  He  applied  his  eve  to  the  periscope.  A 
strange,  watery-green  light  poured  out  of  the  lens,  and,  focusing 
in  his  ey%  I't  ue  ball  with  wild  demoniac  glare.  A  consultation 
ensued  between  the  captain  and  his  junior. 

"  Do  you  see  her?" 

"  Yes ;  she  is  in  a  line  with  that  little  white  bam  on  the  island 
— she's  heading  down  the  bay  now.  So  many  points  this  way  " 
(this  last  a  direction  to  the  helmsman).  "  There  she  is — she's 
making  about  twelve — she's  turning,  coming  back — steady — 
five— SIX— fire  1" 

There  was  a  rush,  a  clatter,  and  a  stir,  and  the  boat  rose 
evenly  to  the  surface.  . 

"  Here,  take  a  look  at  her,"  said  the  captain,  pushing  me 
towards  the  periscope.  I  fitted  the  eyepieces  (they  might  nave 
been  those  of  field-glasses  embedded  in  the  tube)  to  my  eyes, 
and  beheld  again  the  outer  world — the  kind  of  a  world  one 
might  see  in  a  crystal,  a  mirror  world,  a  glass  world,  but  a 
remarkably  dear- little  world.  And  as  I  peered  a  drop  of  water 
cast  up  by  some  wave  touched  the  outer  lens  of  the  tube,  and  a 
trickle  big  as  a  deluge  slid  down  the  visionary  bay. 

Twice  again  we  "  attacked  "  the  Britisher.  Her  turn  came. 
Our  boat  rose  to  the  surface,  and  I  was  onoe  more  invited  to 
accompany  the  captain  to  the  bridge.  The  British  boat  lay  far 
away  across  the  inlet  We  cruised  about,  watching  her. 

"There  she  goes."  The  Britisher  sank  like  a  stone  in  a  pond. 
We  continued  our  course.  The  two  oflioers  peered  over  the 
waters  with  young,  searching,  resolute  eyes.  Then  they  took  to 
their  binoculars. 

"  There  she  is,"  cried  the  captain,  "  in  a  line  with  the  oak 
tree."  I  searched  for  a  few  minutes  in  vain.  Suddenly  I  saw 
her ;  that  is  to  say,  I  saw  with  a  g^reat  deal  of  difficulty  a  small 
dark  rod  moving  through  the  water.  It  came  closer  ;  I  saw  the 
hatpin-shaped  trail  behmd  it. 

Presently  with  a  great  swirl  and  rolling  of  foam  the  Britisher 
pushed  herself  out  of  the  water.  I  could  see  my  young  captain 
]ud|^g  the  performance  in  his  eye.  Then  we  played  victim  two 
more  times  and  went  home.  On  the  way  we  discussed  the  sub- 
marine patrol.  Now  there  is  no  more  thrilling  game  in  the  world 
than  the  game  of  periscope  vs.  periscope. 

"  What  do  you  do  ?"  1  asked. 

"  Just  what  you  saw  us  do  to-day.  We  pack  up  with  grub 
and  supplies,  beat  it  out  on  the  high  seas,  and  wait  for  a 
Fritz  to  come  along.  We  give  him  a  taste  of  his  own  medi- 
cine; give  him  one  more  enemy  to  dodge.  Suppose  a  Hun 
baffles  the  destroyers,  makes  off  to  a  lonely  spot  and  coini^ 
to  the  surface  for  a  breath  of  air.  There  isn't  a  soul  in  sight, 
not  a  stir  of  smoke  on  the  horizon.  Just  as  Captain  Otto 
or  von  Something  is  gloating  over  the  last  hospitol  ship  he 
sunk,  and  thinking  what  a  Iqvdy  afternoon  it  is,  a  tin  fish  ooiues 
for  him  like  a  bullet  out  of  a  gun,  there  comes  a  thundering 
pound,  a  vibration  that  sends  little  waves  through  the  water,  a 
great  foul  swirl,  fragments  of  cork,  and  it's  all  over  with  the 
'  Watch  on  the  Rhine.'  Sometimes  Fritz's  torpedo  meets  ours  on 
the  way.  Then  onoe  in  a  while  a  destroyer  or  a  |)atriotic  but 
inisguided  tramp  makes  things  interesting  for  us.  But  it's  the 
most  wonderful  service  of  alL  I  wouldn't  give  it  up  for  any- 
thing. We're  all  going  out  day  after  to-morrow.  Can't  you  t«hle 
London  for  permission  to  go?  You'll  like  it.  Don't  believe  any- 
thing you  hear  about  the  air  getting  bad.  The  ]>rinciiNil  nuisance 
when  you've  been  under  a  long  while  is  the  cold ;  the  boat  gets 
as  raw  and  damp  as  an  imoceui>ie<l  house  in  winter. 

"  Jingo,  quarter  past  one  I  We'll  be  late  for  dinner," 


Digitized  by  VJ\^»^V  iC 


BOLSHEVISM  AND  APPLIED  ANTI-BOLSHEVISM 


BY   THEODORE  ROOSEVELT 


AT  this  moment  the  Bolsheviki  are  the  most  dangerous 
enemies  of  Russia  and  of  democracy  and  the  most  ser- 
viceable tools  of  the  militaristic  and  capitalistic  German 
autocracy.  Their  American  representatives,  who  range  from  the 
German^ed  Socialists,  the  leaders  of  the  Non-Partisan  League, 
the  professional  pacifists  and  so-called  internationalists,  to  the 
I.  W.  W.  and  Anarchists  and  bomb-throwers  and  dynamiters 
and  "  direct  action  "  men  generally,  lack  only  the  power,  but  not 
the  will,  to  play  a  similar  part. 

This  seems  an  incongruous  assembly.  But  every  Bolshevist 
movement  always  contains  crack-brained  fanatics  and  foolish, 
simple  people  cheek  by  jowl  with  the  sinister  advocates  of  ^'  direct 
action."  It  is  folly  to  show  these  **  direct  action  "  people  any  con- 
sideration. Their  purpose  is  to  inspire  terror  by  murder.  They 
use  the  term  "  direct  action,"  but  they  mean  murder.  Blatant 
Anarchists  of  this  type  are  miscreants  and  criminals.  We  ought 
to  stamp  them  oat  by  exerting  the  full  power  of  the  law  in  the 
sternest  and  most  vigorous  fashion  against  them  and  their  sym- 
pathizers before,  and  not  merely  after,  murder  is  committed. 
All  radical  democrats  whose  democracy  is  genuine  must  join  in 
relentless  opposition  to  these  men,  who  are  at  this  moment- 
rather  more  dangerous  foes  to  liberty  and  democracy  in  the 
United  States  than  the  woi-st  Bourbon  reactionaries  themselves. 

In  Russia  we  see  before  our  eyes  how  professed  anti-militarists 
and  peace-at-any-price  men  may  become  the  especial  apostles  of 
murder.  The  Russian  Bolshevists  are  the  paid  or  unpaid  allies 
of  Prussian  autocracy.  Similarly,  there  is  often  an  underhanded 
agreement  in  this  country  between  the  corrupt  capitalist  and 
the  lawless  demagogue  or  agitator ;  the  kind  of  agreement  or 
common  action  that  existed  at  one  time  in  San  Francisco  between 
corrupt  politicians  and  capitalists  and  violent  labor  leaders,  as 
shown  by  Francis  Heney  in  the  famous  graft  prosecutions. 

Most  certainly  we  must  not  foi^et  our  mdignation  against  the 
profiteers  or  the  exploiting  capitsdists  in  our  indignation  against 
the  "  direct  action  "  men.  Sometimes  it  is  a  profiteering  corpora- 
tion which  was  most  to  blame.  Elsewhere  it  is  the  lawless  leaders 
of^  misled  workmen.  We  should  act  with  as  stem  and  prompt 
efficiency  against  one  type  of  wrong-doer  as  against  the  other,. 
and  then  ice  should  remedy  the  conditions  which  cause  the 
vjrong-doiTig.  The  worst  possible  course  is  to  refuse  to  punish 
the  lawlessness  of  the  I.  W.  W.  and  yet  to  leave  unremedied 
the  wrongs  done  by  exploiting  and  profiteering  capitalism.  Put 
down  the  lawlessness  and  remedy  the  wrongs. 

Every  wise  movement  for  progress  in  our  country  must  be  as 
free  from  taint  of  subserviency  to  the  red  flag  gentry  as  from 
taint  of  subserviency  to  predatory  and  labor-exploiting  or  farm- 
exploiting  capitalism. 

Nothing  is  easier  than  to  make  rhetorical  addresses  on  behalf 
of  humanity  and  to  write  little  uplift  and  social  reform  books 
and  pamphlets  and  articles  ;  but  what  counts  is  reducing  the 
principles  to  practice  by  the  service  test,  the  test  of  trial  and 
error,  the  test  which  h^  to  take  into  account  actual  conditions 
and  the  unpleasant,  no  less  than  the  pleasant,  facts  of  human 
nature ;  and  this  is  very  hard. 

Each  of  us  can  probably  furnish  some  illuminating  illustrap 
tions  of  these  truths  out  of  his  own  experience.  Here  is  one  such. 
The  country  region  in  which  I  live  during  the  last  forty  years 
has  changed  from  an  almost  purely  farming,  fishing,  and  oyster- 
ing  neighborhood  into  one  where  city  families  of  moderate  means 
and  some  families  of  wealth  spend  their  summers.  When  I  was 
a  boy,  there  were  so  few  places  with  a  shore  front  that  they 
were  negligible.  The  owners  of  these  few  places  built  docks  as 
a  matter  of  course.  Clam-diggers  went  along  the  shores  as  they 
pleased.  Farmers  occasionally  came  down  to  the  shore  in  sum- 
mer for  clam-bakes  and  bathing  picnics.  Oystermen  and  seiners 
or  duckers  kept  their  boats  near  their  own  docks  or  those  of  their 
friends.  The  shore  was  but  little  used  by  all  of  these  persons 
taken  tt^ther ;  and  nobody  looked  far  enough  ahead  to  provide 
against  trouble  in  the  future. 

A  railway  came  in.  City  people  bought  places  with  a  shore 
front.  Gradually  almost  all  the  shore  front  was  taken  up  by 
adjacent  owners,  who  naturally  and  properly  wi8he<l  access  to 


the  water,  and  buUt  docks.  They  used  the  shore  continiuU;. 
whereas  the  dammers  and  picnickers  used  it  very  little.  lUu; 
of  them  in  no  way  interfered  with  the  clammers.  A  few  did. 
showing  a  disregard  or  ignorance  of  what  they  were  doing.  TIk 
picnickers  were  inevitably  hampered,  largely  because  some  of 
them  behaved — as  Professor  Homaday,  of  the  New  York  Zoo,  t«^ 
marked  of  certain  slovenly  and  selfish  holiday-makers — "'  likew 
many  little  pigs,"  leaving  a  filthy  litter  behind  them ;  and  without 
some  kind  of  overseer  or  police  arrangement  it  was  impossible  tn 
discriminate  between  the  well-behaved  and  the  ill-behavetL 

For  years  the  townspeople  declined  to  take  any  action  to  secov 
the  just  rights  which  a  few  of  them  had  occasionally  enjoyed. 
Then  the  selfish  misconduct  of  one  or  two  property-owners  whi 
sought  to  deny  all  proper  access  to  their  beaches  roosed  a  fad- 
ing which  manifested  itself  in  a  foolish  and  vicious  effort— «i 
.  <me  time  a  mob  effort — to  destroy  the  docks  and  thereby  ptt 
vent  the  property-owners  themselves  from  having  any  meaas  (J 
access  to  their  sailboats.  The  motive  seemed  to  be  less  to  secun 
their  own  rights  than  to  interfere  with  those  of  whom  they  wen 
jealous.  Recourse  to  the  law  finally  settled  the  right  of  th 
property-owners  to  these  docks  and  their  duty  to  keep  opening* 
m  v\e  docks  so  that  the  dammers  and  the  rare  wayfarers  aloii< 
the  beach  would  not  be  interfered  with. 

But  this  did  not  help  the  picnickers  and  those  farmers  a 
villagers  who  occasionally  wished  to  come  to  the  beach  for  bad 
ing  or  boating.  A  few  publio-spirited  persons,  therefore,  starta 
a  movement  for  a  park,  with  a  long  stretch  of  beach,  on  whid 
public  and  private  boat-houses  and  bath-houses  could  be  erei-ted 
Various  rich  and  well-to-do  persons,  none  of  whom  would  ere 
have  used  the  park,  agreed  to  furnish  half  the  money  if  th 
town  would  furnish  the  other  half.  It  was  voted  on  at  tlie  nex 
election. 

I  rode  down  to  the  polls  with  a  friend,  a  hired  man — a  gonl 
upright,  hard-working  citizen,  who  lives  some  miles  away  froi 
the  water,  who  owns  a  small  property,  and  is  therefore  a  smii 
taxpayer.  After  voting  I  found  uiat  our  two  votes  had  neatis 
ized  each  other :  he  voted  against  the  park ;  and  the  park  prop 
sition  was  beaten  by  the  votes  of  the  smaller  taxpayers  teh 
lived  inland  and  from  among  whom  the  cMef  beneficiaries  < 
the  nark  would  have  come.  These  men  had  felt  vagudy  jeaki 
of  the  richer  property-owners  near  the  water,  and  had  symp 
thized  with  the  movement  to  interfere  with  them ;  but  they  wei 
not  willing  to  incur  the  small  expense  necessary  in  order  1 
establish  such  collective  ownership  of  a  portion  of  the  wate 
front  as  would  enable  them  to  enjoy  their  rights  along  it. 

Now  the  people  who  thus  voted  were  my  friends  and  ne^ 
bors;  good  people  in  all  the  ordinary  relations  of  life.  Ti 
trouble  was  that  they  had  not  developed  the  look-ahead  pow 
— very  few  of  us  have  developed  it  to  i^e  degree  that  assured 
will  be  necessary  in  this  country.  Therefore  they  unconscioi» 
played  into  the  hands,  first,  of  those  few  property-owners  wl 
selfishly  and  arrogantly  ignored  the  rights  of  others,  and  aftc 
wards  of  the  few  persons  of  Bolsheviki  type  whose  actions  we 
dictated  primarily  by  a  kind  of  malevolent  jealousy,  who  car 
far  less  to  benefit  those  who  were  not  well  off  than  to  do  son 
thing  that  would  be  distasteful  and  injurious  to  those  who  we 
better  off. 

The  exact  antithesis  to  this  type  of  shortsightedness  is  foai 
in  such  a  development  as  the  wonderful  Palisades  Park,  adjiti 
ing  New  York  City.  In  1900,  in  order  to  save  the  beauty  of  t 
Puisades  and  prevent  their  being  exploited  by  private  gre« 
the  New  York  Legislature  created  an  unpaid  commission, 
which  George  W.  Perkins  was  made  head  and  of  which  he  b 
been  the  guiding  spirit  ever  since.  They  started  with  an  appi 
priation  of  ten  thousand  dollars.  They  secured  the  oo-operati< 
of  New  Jersey  with  New  York  State.  They  secured  puHi 
appropriations  of  about  three  millions  and  public  contributia 
of  about  four  millions.  They  have  worked  incessantly  for  yes 
without  a  dollar's  reward  for  themselves.  They  gradually  devi 
oped  the  most  extraordinary  park  of  the  kind  in  the  world, 
occupies  a  space  of  over  twenty  square  miles.  All  the  iiatni 
beauties  have  been  preserved.    There  are  fine  automobile  driti 

Digitized  by  VJWVJV  IV^ 


THE  OUTLOOK 


93 


lit  the  main  effort  has  been  to  make  the  park  of  use  to  persons 
small  or  moderate  means  who  would  pay  merely  vhot  their 
ivileges  actually  cost.  There  are  tents  and  shanties  by  bean- 
til  Ituces  in  which  families  can  spend  a  fortnight  and  enjoy 
mderful  scenery  and  excellent  fishing.  There  is  a  workin?- 
rls'  summer  home  in  which  working-girls  can  get  a  fortnight  s 
iliday  with  all  kinds  of  enjoyment  for  fourteen  dollars — the 
dinary  amount  for  a  vacation  with  pay.  On  the  narrow  beach 
the  foot  of  the  Palisades  there  are  in  summer  camped 
my  thousands  of  people,  in  tents,  who  cross  the  river  to  the 
;y  by  jitney  boats,  so  that  the  breadwinner  can  go  back  and 


forth.  The  picturesque  Bear  Mountain  Inn,  where  excellent 
food  is  given  at  cost  prices,  is  visited  by  thousands  of  people 
every  Sunday  during  we  season ;  all  of  the  privil^^  such  as 
boating;  on  the  little  lake  near  by,  are  run  by  the  public  authori- 
ties, without  a  profit  for  any  one. 

There  could  be  no  better  illustration  of  efficient  collective 
action  of  immense  benefit  to  the  people  as  a  whole  ;  collective 
action  by  the  representatives  of  the  public  under  ihe  lead  of 
public-spirited  private  citizens  keenly  alive  to  their  duties,  privi- 
leges, and  opportunities  as  members  of  the  American  oommon- 
weallii.  Such  action  represents  applied  Anti-Bolshevism. 


ART,  ROMANCE,  AND  WAR 

BY  JOSEPH   H.   ODELL 

SPECIAL  CORRESPONDENT  OF  THE  OUTLOOK  IN  FRANCE 


~^  ACH  day  records  the  same  resolution :  When  the  war  is 
i  over  and  peace  returns  to  this  fair  land,  I  shall  come  again 
_J  to  this  rare  old  city,  to  these  wayside  shrines,  to  these 
utious  landscapes.  To-day  France  is  fevered  and  hectic  and 
;  clang  and  roar  of  the  world's  grimmest  enterprise  2ire  too 
iquitous,  too  continuous.  Here  I  am  in  noble  Dijon,  the  cit^ 
the  Dukes  of  Burgundy,  the  province  in  which  liberty  was 
1  grown  and  belligerent  before  she  was  cradled  elsewhere,  and 
ile  America  was  still  shrouded  from  view  by  the  ominous 
lantic  fogs.  The  men  of  Dijon  fought  the  Romans  and  helped 
stem  the  progress  of  the  Gotlis ;  they  resisted  the  Saracens 
Uantly  in  737,  and  the  Norsemen  in  888 ;  they  antagonized 
;  French  kings  for  nearly  four  centuries.  They  had  one  of 
i  few  parliaments  of  Europe  from  time  immemorial,  and  the 
>Te6entatives  of  the  people  were  always  famous  for  jealousy 
their  political  rights.  When,  in  1625,  Francis  I  was  a  prisoner 
Madrid,  he  offered  Bni^^dy  as  a  ransom  to  Charles  V,  but 
t  President  of  Parliament  resented  the  change  of  suzerainty, 
dng,  "  We  wiD  never  obey  masters  we  have  not  chosen." 
BiVen  in  war  time  Dijon  retains  reminiscences  which  carry 
;  back  to  quieter  days.  Bernard  of  Clairvaux  was  bom  in  a 
tie  overlooking  the  city,  and  Bossuet  first  saw  the  light  in 
;  of  its  quaint,  high-gabled  streets ;  Claus  Sinter  made  the 
f  a  center  of  art  in  the  fourteenth  century,  and  Rude  carried 

tradition  to  its  zenith  in  the  early  nineteenth  coitury.  But 
IV  the  predominating  tone  is  khaki  and  the  prevailing  note 
haste.  Our  men  are  everywhere — quiet,  independent,  self- 
pecting,  and  square-shouldered  fellows,  who  fit  tolerably  well 
o  the  picture.  At  least  they  synchronize  with  the  most  per- 
«nt  traditions.  For  the  traditions  which  persist  in  any  given 
ce  from  age  to  age  are  those  which  have  a  spiritual  quaCty — 
e  of  liber^,  reverence,  devotion  to  truth,  and  sensitiveness  to 
lor. 

%J>  the  turmoil  of  France  is  on  the  surface ;  vast  camps 
inging  up  in  a  night,  roads  thronged  with  endless  convoys 
motor  transport,  rails  kept  hot  with  trains  of  troops  and 
»plle8,  airplanes  roaring  skyward  like  titanic  bees.  Every- 
ere  there  are  American  soldiers  in  SG[aads,  platoons,  bat- 
ons. They  splinter  into  ones  and  twos  m  the  cities,  and  one 
ely  sees  more  than  a  battalion  at  any  moment,  even  near  the 
Dt.  Bat  the  general  impression  is  that  they  have  slopped  all 
r  France,  spraying  and  splashing  even  the  remotest  spots. 
thin  an  hour  of  the  time  I  readied  Dijon  I  was  starting 

with  a  moving-picture  operator  for  a  distant  hill  section. 
;  had  a  Ford  truck  which  seemed  to  be  afflicted  with  asthma, 
ceta,  St.  Vitus's  dance,  and  the  blind  staggers,  all  at  once, 
rty-four  miles  of  ruMy,  ribby,  rocky  road  had  to  be  covered 
;wo  hours,  but  we  did  it ;  when  the  machine  stopped,  I  felt 
bed  in  a  sublime  sea  of  silence,  so  great  was  the  relief.  Our 
ective  was  a  sawmill,  where  a-  company  of  two  hundred  and 
y  inen«  representing  every  State  in  the  Union  except  Florida, 
•e  getting  out  lumber  for  docks,  railway  ties,  and  barracks, 
r-ourse  it  was  part  of  the  war — a  prosaic,  lonely,  inglorious  part, 
.  the  war  could  not  continue  without  it.  Every  one  on  earth 
L  foreptten  that  unit  except  the  Army  Supply  Department 
L  the  X .  M.  C.  A.  They  lived  embowered  in  the  woods,  more 
iot«  bum  civilization  than  if  they  had  been  in  the  heart  of 


the  Adirondacks ;  working  in  two  shifts,  they  kept  the  mill  run- 
ning twenty  hours  out  of  every  twenty-four ;  tney  had  never 
seen  a  German,  and  never  would  ;  they  had  no  band,  no  flags, 
no  parades,  no  consolations  and  compensations  of  human  society ; 
they  were  an  uncharted  island  of  commonplace  industry  rar 
removed  from  the  stirring  currents  of  war.  But  the  Y.  M.  C.  A. 
had  discovered  them,  as  it  had  hundreds  of  other  isolated  nnits 
thronghout  France,  and  had  sent  out  a  Saturday  evening  movie 
to  touch  the  week  of  dreariness  with  a  final  hour  of  cheer. 
Never  anywhere  was  grand  opera  or  high  drama  more  fully 
appreciated  than  that  movie  in  the  Y  tent  at  the  end  of  no- 
where. When  our  perambulating  jimk-heap,  held  together  by  a 
special  providence,  arrived  at  the  camp,  the  men  sent  up  a 
mighty  cheer ;  all  through  the  performance  they  vented  the 
most  pungent  comments  upon  the  various  dramatic  situations 
on  the  screen ;  at  the  dose  they  thanked  us  without  limit  for 
bringing  out  the  show,  and  the  captain  quite  frankly  said  that 
,  he  would  get  quite  ten  per  cent  more  lumber  out  of  his  mill 
to-morrow  as  a  sequence  to  our  visit.  Also  we  left  a  supply  of 
tobacco,  cakes,  soap,  and  other  sundries  to  be  sold  in  the  canteen, 
and  a  gratuitous  supply  of  baseballs,  bats,  and  mitts  for  their 
sports. 

No  one  can  imagine  the  trip  back  to  Dijon.  We  wheezed  and 
groaned  and  snorted  and  ricocheted  over  forty-four  miles  or 
more  of  vague  and  tortuous  and  dangerous  roads ;  thrice  we  lost 
our  way ;  once  we  waited  for  half  an  hour  in  a  frantic  effort 
to  awaken  the  keeper  of  the  gates  at  a  railway  grade  crossing ; 
we  lost  another  half-hour  at  an  intervening  lumber  camp  try- 
ing to  locate  a  Y.  M.  C.  A.  man  who  was  to  return  to  Dijon 
with  us ;  we  had  a  tire  blow-out,  engine  trouble,  and  a  shortage 
of  gasoline ;  but  we  plowed  onwara  through  the  darkness  and 
uncertainty  and  arrived  at  Dijon  at  2  a.m.,  after  having  cov- 
ered eighty-eight  miles  (not  counting  digressions  owing  to  mis- 
direction) in  order  to  give  two  hundred  and  fifty  .^^erican 
soldiers  a  moving-picture  show.  That  is  simply  one  of  the  thou- 
sand etchings  of  the  Y.  M.  C  A.  in  France. 

Sunday,  the  day  following,  happened  to  be  July  14,  the 
French  festival  of  independence.  Throughout  France  it  was 
celebrated  heartily  by  the  Americans  in  a  spirit'  of  national  and 
spiritual  reciprocity.  At  a'  gr^A  Y.  M.  C.  A.  hut  in  a  huge 
supply  camp  I  heard  an  American  college  president  give  an 
address  to  several  hundred  soldiers  on  the  parallel  between  the 
French  struggle  for  independence  and  our  own.  It  was  an 
exposition  sound  in  historical  facts  and  true  in  deep,  soul- 
uniting  emotion.  The  audience  responded  promptly  to  point 
after  point,  and  at  the  close  showed  its  complete  approval  by 
vigorous  applause.  But  the  thing  which  impressed  me  most 
during  the  day  was  a  visit  to  one  of  our  base  hospitals.  There 
I  foimd  the  early  heroes  of  our  championship  for  world-wide 
freedcmi — men  in  wheel-chairs,  on  crutches,  with  arms  in  slings, 
groping  with  bandaged  eyes,  or  waiting  cheerfully  and  conJB- 
dently  in  bed  for  the  triumph  of  scientific  skill  and  gentle, 
patient  nursing.  And  five  times  in  less  than  an  hour  men  drew 
trom  their  pockets  the  most  sacred  and  glorious  of  their  posses- 
sions— photographs  of  loved  ones  at  home. 

Napoleon  said  that  an  array  moves  on  its  stomach,  and 
perhaps  it  is  true ;  but  my  experience  persuades  me  that  our 

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American  boys  bear  exile,  endure  privation,  perform  miracles  of 
endurance,  and  carry  out  unsurpassed  prodigries  of  valor  upon 
the  photo^fraphs  tiiey  carry  under  their  coate.  Simple,  natural, 
unsophisticated  boys  they  are — all  of  them,  from  officers  in  high 
command  to  buck  privates — who  unblushingly  bring  out  those 
pictures  after  a  moment's  intercourse,  and  without  the  prelimi- 
naries of  established  friendship.  Call  it  what  you  like,  smile  if 
you  will,  drop  a  tear  if  you  cannot  irestrain  it,  sneer  if  you  are 
crudely  blase  or  unutterably  coarse,  but  nevertheless  I  contend 
that  it  is  the  divinest  thing  that  a  man  can  do,  thus  to  uncover 
his  innermost  soul  to  any  one  who  is  decent  enough  to  show  even 
the  slightest  trace  of  sympathy.  In  spite  of  everything — our 
Broadways,  our  cocktails,  our  State  universities,  our  "  New  Re- 
public "  magarines,  our  Pullman  cars,  and  our  bizarre  churches 
— the  American  personnel  in  France,  from  general  to  private,  is 
very  elemental,  very  childlike,  and  almost  divinely  pure-minded. 
Somehow,  I  do  not  know  why,  but  it  strikes  me  more  forci- 
bly every  day  that  our  men  are  an  army  of  the  children  of  God 
fighting  for  the  king^dom  of  heaven  on  earth.  Because  they  are 
unsophisticated  they  do  not  know  it  and  would  be  amazed'  to 
bear  it,  but  such  seems  to  be  true. 

The  same  spirit  reaches  upward  and  outward  in  many  sur- 
prising ways.  At  this  base  hospital  I  found  the  Army  chaplain 
and  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  secretary  occupying  a  room  togeUier.  They 
came  from  different  parts  of  the  country,  they  had  inherited 
widely  diffei'ent  ecclesiastical  traditions,  had  be^  trained  in  dif- 
ferent kinds  of  theology,  represented  different  denominations, 
and  were  of  manifestly  different  temperaments ;  but  in  that  one 
generous  ministry  to  the  wounded  men  they  had  been  bathed  in 
an  obliterating  sympathy,  and  they  agreed  that  when  they 
returned  to  .^nerica  they  hoped  to  be  co-ministers  of  the  same 
church  for  the  rest  of  their  lives.  Only  the  vitally  essential 
things  count  out  here. 

Not  far  from  Dijon  is  the  most  unique  accessory  of  modem 
warfare — thecamouflage  camp  or  factory.  I  suppose  that  it  would 
be  unpai-donable  to  tell  in  detail  what  I  saw  there.  It  must 
suffice  to  say  that  hundreds  of  the  cleverest  .artists,  illustrators, 
stage-managers,  architects,  and  engineers  of  America  have  their 
.^  headquarters  here,  and  their  part  of  the  multiform  struggle  is 
to  devise  the  meaiis  whereby  the  Hun  can  be  outwitted,  con- 
fused, and  cheated  of  his  objective.  War  is  no  longer  a  matter 
of  waving  banners  and  shining  armor,  but  of  surprise  and 
deception.  These  camouflagists  are  able  to  create  anything 
from  a  fake  boulder  to  a  simulated  stretch  of  landscape.  And 
it  is  really  art,  so  realistic  in  design  and  detail  that  the  observer 
is  often  deceived  even  though  he  is  near  by  and  has  been 
warned.  After  a  period  in  camp  the  artists  and  stage-managers 
and  engineers  take  turns  in  going  to  the  front,  where  they 
superintend  the  erection  of  their  numerous  deceptions  and  make 
drawings  and  designs  for  others. 

In  the  camp  there  are  between  four  and  five  hundred  women 
workers — some  from  Dijon,  many  from  the  invade<l  and  devas- 
tated regions,  and  a  few  from  Belgium.  They  do  the  weaving 
and  dyeing  and  cutting.  As  not  a  few  of  them  have  lost  loved 
ones  in  the  war,  they  understand  perfectly  the  value  of  camou- 
flage, and  therefore  work  vigorously.  It  is  hard  work  and  dirty 
work,  and  the  dye  and  paint  have  an  unwholesome  effect  upon 
the  system.  A  medical  ofiioer  looks  after  their  health,  and  the 
Y.  M.  C.  A.  has  jumped  out  of  bounds  in  establishing  a  hut 
and  assigning  workers  for  these  women.  Chocolate  and  whole- 
some foods  are  provided  for  meals,  places  for  rest  and  diversion 
are  near  at  hand,  entertainments  are  arranged  in  which  the 
camouflage  artists  lay  themselves  out  to  amuse  the  weary  but 
indefatigable  women,  and  ever3rthing  possible  is  done  to  hu- 
manize the  conditions  of  labor.  The  place  is  as  far  from  a 
sweat-shop  as  one  can  imagine,  but  it  was  curious  to  find  the 
Young  Men's.  Christian  Association  doing  this  unique  work  for 
French  women ;  and  it  is  another  example  of  what  an  inHtitu- 
tion  may  become  amid  the  exigencies  of  war. 

What  whimsical  characters  one  meets  out  here !  It  was  a  very 
hot  noon,  and  I  was  messing  with  the  enlisted  men  in  a  tent 
which  seemed  to  draw  and  hold  all  the  heat  of  the  sun  in  that 
one  place.  Next  to  me-  sat  a  little  corporal  from  the  Pacific 
coast,  and  he  had  a  mind  so  nimble,  in  spite  of  the  torrid  tem- 
perature, that  he  completely  exhausted  me.  But  he  had  an  idea — 
an  idea  which  fille<l  him  with  enthusiasm.    We  walked  out 


together  and  talked  the  idea  through  in  the  <^n  air  vil 
ravishing  slopes  of  the  Cote  d'Or  stretching  away  on  evo] 
He  did  not  seem  particularly  anxious  to  killGrermansorti 
democracy ;  he  had  no  consuming  desire  to  become  a  p 
or  to  win  glorious  victories ;  he  simply  wanted  to  start  a  So 
school  theater  on  his  return  home.  He  told  me  of  the  <i 
Sunday  schools  he  had  been  forced  to  attend  in  ehUdbooc 
how  they  had  all  but  killed  his  religious  faculties  and  inst 
he  was  not  a  churchman — indeed,  he  never,  or  rarely,  att 
a  religious  service,  although  he  loved  the  stUlness  an 
solemn  grandeur  of  the  French  cathedrals ;  but  he  saw  all 
of  possibilities  in  a  dramatic  presentation  of  Scripture  t 
dren^-educational,  ethical,  and  spiritual  possibilities 
sketched  what  could  be  done  with  Joseph,  Daniel,  David,  E 
Peter,  and  others  on  the  stage,  in  a  simple  way,  for  i4ii 
during  the  hour  now  spent  in  futile  Snncby-schoij  peila^ 
under  the  very  roof  of  the  church.  "  We  would  make  th 
dren  re-live  all  those  marvelous  episodes,"  he  said ;  "  ve 
so  weave  them  into  their  imaginations  that  both  the  for 
the  lesson  would  never  be  forgotten.  And  the  Chnreh 
to  do  it,"  he  continued.  "  Once  the  Church  did  run  the  d 
and  when  the  two  parted  company  the  Church  lost  ant 
most  valuable  instrumentalities."  I  hope  the  passicm  will  i 
out  and  that  my  little  corporal  will  return  hcnne  after  tl 
and  establish  his  Sunday-school  theater. 

One  of  the  most  discouraging  aspects  of  Y.  M.  C.  A 
is  the  difficulty  of  obtaining  necessary  supplies.  Witii 
available  ship  carrying  troops  and  military  stores,  the  Y.  M 
is  able  to  set  only  a  faction  of  what  it  should  have  for  i 
teens  and  huts.  Here  in  Dij(m  I  found  a  practical  solal 
the  problem.  What  could  not  be  imported  from  home  n 
made  on  the  spot.  They  are  ingenious  and  persistent  ere 
these  Y  men  ;  not  one  m  a  himdred  is  doing  the  same  b 
work  he  did  at  home  and  for  which  he  was  trained ;  n 
them  seems  to  have  any  idea  that  there  is  anything  iu  tin 
that  cannot  be  done  if  one  has  the  wiU  to  do  it  Being 
to  obtain  baseball  bats,  they  had  the  lumber  cut  and  kiL 
it  in  a  bread  bakery,  then  they  turned  it  and  polished  it 
of  mitts,  they  set  the  local  harness-makers  to  sewing  them 
ing  an  unappeasable  himger  for  American  chocolate  cand 
started  a  factory  to  manufacture  it ;  they  made  contrac 
near-by  pastry-cooks  and  bakers  to  make  American  cook 
macaroons  and  crackers  on  a  big  scale ;  finding  no  gi 
Diion,  one  of  the  lady  secretaries.  Miss  Evelyn  Warner 
enl,  compiled  and  published  one  in  English ;  needing 
bles,  the  secretaries  leased  and  planted  a  large  garden.  I 
American  courage  or  wealth  which  most  impresses  the 
here,  but  American  inventiveness,  resourcefulness,  and 
to  get  things  done  quickly. 

France  will  prove  to  be  the  starting-point  of  a  libenl 
tion  to  many  of  our  American  soldiers.  The  majority  i 
seem  to  appreciate  the  best  things  readily.  Dijon  nas  a  ■ 
full  of  rare  treasures  which  art  critics  travel  hundreds  < 
to  visit  One  of  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  secretaries  has  made  I 
seum  a  part  of  the  Y's  educational  programme.  Every 
leads  groups  of  serious-faced  boys  through  the  gallerie 
ancient  palace ;  points  out  and  explains  the  statuary  o 
Sinter,  Sambin,  Dubois,  and  Rude ;  leads  them  to  die 
paintings  of  Rubens,  Bellini,  Bartolommeo,  Lotto,  da 
Andrea  del  Sarto,  Frans  Hals,  Holbein,  Greuze,  Teni( 
a  score  of  other  masters  ;  gives  them  some  local  history 
the  exquisitely  carved  tombs  of  the  Dukes  of  Biu^^undv 
them  to  the  cases  containing  the  rarest  enamel  jewelri 
world  ;  and  gives  the  periotls  of  the  richly  carved  fum 
went  around  with  him  and  a  group  of  enlisted  men,  most 
from  country  districts  in  the  Western  States,  and  I  wa« 
at  their  intelligent  interest  and  their  keen,  if  uuconre 
comments.  The  visit  costs  the  men  nothing,  as  the  « 
charges  are  paid  by  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  Thousan<ls  of  « 
carry  through  life  the  impression  made  upon  them  i 
priceless  treasures,  and  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.,  although  this 
tiny  part  of  its  work  here,  will  make  a  large  coutributio 
culture  of  America.  I  asked  the  Y  secretary  how  he  ( 
do  it.  "  How  ?"  he  said.  "  Why,  it  is  the  only  thing  to  i 
are  here  to  serve  the  Iwys,  and  how  better  can  we  sen 
than  by  putting  them  into  contact  with  the  richest  art  ti 

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of  the  ageB?"  Later  I  found  by  inqniry  that  that  secretary  is 
a  well-t<Mio  Boston  business  man  who  is  always  equally  ready 
to  wash  dishes,  expound  art,  teach  the  Bible,  or  straighten  out 
money  difficulties  for  the  boys  at  any  time,  by  day  or  night. 
He  is  devoting  his  time,  strength,  money,  and  very  heart  to 
aiding  our  soldiers  during  their  stay  in  France,  and  he  asks 
absolutely  nothing  in  return,  not  even  thanks. 

Following  hard  upcm  my  visit  to  the  Dijon  Museum,  I  went 
to  the  bakery  where  a  thousand  United  States  Army  bakers 
do  nothing  but  make  bread  twenty-four  hours  to  the  day.  Good 
bread  it  is,  too ;  clean,  palatable,  and  white — such  bread  as 
Americans  have  not  known  at  home  for  many  a  month.  No  one 
will  begrudge  our  men  the  very  best  with  every  atom  of  nutri- 
tion that  nature  has  stored  in  the  finest  of  the  wheat.  They 
earn  it  every  day  in  this  foreign  land,  far  from  home,  in  the 
midst  of  strangers,  confronted  by  a  hundred  perils,  working  to 
the  limit  of  human  endurance ;  they  earn  it,  and  must  have  it. 
It  was  a  stunt  night  at  the  bakery  under  the  supervision  of  the 
Y.  M.  C.  A.  The  piano  was  moved  from  the  hut  to  the  ball- 
ground,  canvas  covered  an  arena  carefully  marked  by  ropes, 
three  or  four  hundred  men  and  a  dozen  officers  sat  around  the 
ring.  First  the  piano  struck  a  popular  air,  and  every  one  sang ; 
this  waa  followed  by  a  three-round  boxincr  match ;  a  violinist 
placed  "  The  End  of  a  Perfect  Day,"  "  Humoresque,"  and  a 
whimsical  melody  I  did  not  recognize ;  a  vigorous  wrestling  bout 
was  next  pulled  off,;  then,  as  a  stranger  newly  arrived  from 
home,  I  was  asked  to  speak,  and  I  told  them  of  the  utter  and 


absolute  confidence  America  has  that  our  Army  will  finally  put 
the  Kaiser  and  Kiuserism  on  the  scrap-heap.  The  evening 
closed  with  every  one  singing  "  The  Long  TraU." 

Who  can  hem  asking  hunself :  What  is  this  Y.  M.  C.  A. 
which  teaches  Bible  classes,  conducts  mass  singing,  follows  ihe 
bo3ni  everywhere  with  little  luxuries,  superintends  athletics, 
leads  men  into  the  treasure-house  of  art,  provideis  educational 
facilities,  plays  banker  to  hundreds  of  thousands  of  men,  estab- 
lishes busmess  enterprises  on  the  drop  of  ihe  hat,  &thers  and 
mothers  a  million  of  homesick  men,  acts  as  a  circulating  library, 
keeps  the  dear  bonds  of  love  firm  by  providing  a  million  soldiers 
with  the  facilities  for  writing  home,  preaches  to  them,  prays 
with  them,  plays  with  them,  suffers  wiui  them,  and  does  it  all 
in  the  name  of  the  One  who  taught  ihe  law  of  human  service — 
what  is  this  Y.  M.  C.  A.?  At  present  I  cannot  answer  the 
question ;  my  head  whirls  with  the  things  I  have  seen,  such  dis- 
similar and  divergent  thin^,  and  wrought  out  upon  a  scale  that 
is  fairly  staggering.  Amenca  will  have  to  answer  ihe  question, 
the  whole  world  will,  for  it  is  something  we  have  never  seen 
before,  and  it  marks  an  epoch  of  spiritiial  significance  just  as 
startiing  as  the  Crusades,  the  Franciscan  movement,  the  Refor- 
mation, or  the  rise  of  Puritanism.  It  holds  within  itself  poten- 
tialities sufficient  to  cause  the  mightiest  reactions  and  readjust- 
ments of  thought  and  emotion,  and  frcmi  this  time  onward  the 
Christian  world  must  move  in  new  channels.  He  would  be  a 
bold  man  who  should  try  to  predict  the  direction. 

July  36,  1918. 


AMERICA  TO  DEVASTATED  FRANCE 

DEDICATED  TO  THE  AMERICAN  COMMITTEE  FOR  DEVASTATED  FRANCE 

BY    THEODOSIA   GARRISON 


That  which  hate  has  blasted  love  sball  lift  again. 
(Trust  us  when  we  tell  you  that  this  thing  shall  be.) 
The  new-grown  orchards  shall  lift  to  sun  and  rain 
And  the  new  vines  clamber  to  the  stanch  roof-tree. 


That  which  hate  has  blighted  love  shall  raise  to  bloom ; 
(Trust  us  when  we  tell  you  the  promise  shall  be  kept) 
Candle-light  and  hearth-Ught  and  that  familiar  room 
That  all  your  heart  remembered  and  your  sad  eyes  wept. 


That  which  hate  has  taken,  tibat  will  love  restore. 
(Trust  us  when  we  tell  you  that  our  word  is  true.) 
The  lights  of  home  shall  beckon  within  an  opened  door. 
Oh,  weary  ones,  turn  back  again,  the  board  is  spread  for  yon  I 


ALL  THE  COMFORTS  OF  HOME 

WHAT    THE   ARMY   ENGINEER   CORPS    HAS    DONE    FOR 
THE  MEN   IN  THE  TRAINING   CAMPS 

BY   FRANCIS   LYNDE 


WHEN  Jeff  Bledsoe,  Tennessee  mountaineer,  caught 
untamed  on  Chilhowee  Bald  and  certified  by  his  dmft 
board  as  fit  material  for  the  National  Army,  was  rail- 
roaded to  his  designated  cantonment,  it  was  quite  within  the 
possibilities  that  he  had  never  before  ridden  in  a  railway  train, 
had  never  dreamed  of  modem  housing  conveniences,  and,  except- 
ing on  "  First  Monday  "  court  days  in  his  isolated  mountain 
county  seat,  had  never  seen  as  many  as  a  hundred  of  Ins  fellow- 
citizens  together  at  one  time  and  in  one  place. 

It  was  quite  as  likely  that  Jeff  hadn't  heard  of  the  great  war ; 
or,  if  he  had,  it  was  only  by  word  of  mouth,  and  with  no  grasp- 
able  notion  of  what  it  was  all  about  One  of  the  niany  Jens 
landed  at  Camp  Jackson,  wary-eyed,  reticent,  sullen.  To  the 
usual  enrolling  questions — age,  nationally,  place  of  residence, 
and  former  occupation — he  was  dumb.  The  questioner  in  this 
instance  happeue<l  to  be  a  Reserve  officer  and  a  Southerner 
fairlv  well  acouainted  with  the  Jeffs  and  their  limitations. 

"  What  is  the  matter  with  you  ?"  he  asked.  "  Why  don't  you 
answer  the  questions  ?" 

**  I  ain't  sayin'  nothin',"  was  the  stubborn  reply.  "  Ef  you- 
uus  got  ary  thing  ag'inst  me,  I  'low  ye  got  to  prove  hit"' 


the 


A  light  dawned  upon  the  officer. 

"  Tm  me — where  do  you  think  you  are  ?"  he  queried. 

*'  I    reckon    hit's    a    cou't,  ain't    it  ?    Ain't    you-uns 
revenuers?" 

The  officer  explained.    The  cantonment  was  not  a  court,  and 
Jeff  had  not  been  summoned  to  answer  to  a  charge  of  making 
'  moonshine  "  whisky.  The  country  was  at  war,  and  he  had  been 


selected  as  a  fighting  man — a  soldier, 
"  Huh  !"  sa^  Jeff, 


the  sullenness  vanishing  like  the  dew  on 
I  allowed  hit  was  a  cou't.    I  ain't  afeard  to 


a  July  morning ; 

fight  Git  me  a  gan,  cap'n,  an'  I'll  projec'  round  an'  brung  you 

in  one  o'  them  Dutchies  afore  sundown.    I  shore  kin  shoot 


some ; 


It  goes  without  saying  thaf.Teff  hatl  little  trouble  on  the  rifle 
range,  in  spite  of  the  fact  that  the  modem  high-power  infantry 
arm  was  a  violent  change  from  his  old  model  73  Winchester  at 
home.  He  and  his  kind  are  iiatural-lmm  riflemen.  It  was  in 
Imrrai-ks  that  he  found  the  greatest  number  of  surprises.  To  l>f 
housed  in  a  building  with  some  two  hundred  of  his  fellows :  to 
have  lights  that  he  couldn't  look  at  without  blinking,  and  that 
refuseu  to  be  blown  out  with  his  breath ;  to  have  water  at  the 


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THE   OUTLOOK 


touch  of  a  spigot  and  without  having  to  carry  it  half  a  mile 
in  a  bucket  from  the  nearest  spring ;  to  be  required  to  get  him- 
self wet  all  over  at  stated  peri<xis  in  an  up-to-the-minute  canton- 
ment bath-house ;  to  have  some  new  demiition  of  the  "  furrin  " 
word  "  sanitation  "  thrust  upon  him  and  hammered  into  him  at 
every  turn ;  these,  indeed,  were  innovations  as  startling  to  him 
as  they  would  have  been  to  the  blanket  Indian  whose  successor 
he  was  in  the  mountain  wilds. 

The  building  of  the  great  cantonments  and  their  equipment 
with  the  modem  necessities  and  conveniences  has  parsed  into 
history,  but  the  history  still  makes  interesting  reading.  In  the 
building  period,  or  at  the  close  of  it,  America  patted  itself  hilari* 
ously  on  the  back  and  applauded  vociferously  at  the  spectacle 
of  all  speed  records  smashed,  of  miracles  wrought  at  the  mere 
waving  of  the  magician's — or  the  engineer's  or  contractor's — 
wand.  But  of  the  technical  difficulties  met  and  surmounted  at 
breakneck  speed  or  of  the  modem  completeness  of  these  vast 
eamp  cities  the  average  citizen  living  at  a  distance  from  his 
nearest  cantonment  can  have  little  ooncepdon. 

Figures  are  always  rather  desolating  to  anybody  but  a  statis- 
tician, but  it  is  only  by  means  of  them  that  the  big  generalities 
can  be  taken  in.  The  standard  cantonment  city,  if  its  buildings 
and  spacings  were  arranged  in  a  straight  line,  would  be  well 
over  three  miles  long — would  reach,  say,  from  the  Battery  to 
Madison  Square.  To  shorten  this  magnificent  distance  it  Is 
usually  built  in  the  form  of  the  letter  U,  with  its  train  areas  at 
the  closed  end  of  the  letter,  the  whole  covering  a  space  of  about 
sixteen  long  city  blocks  one  way  by  eighteen  short  ones  the  other. 
These,  of  course,  axe  only  tlie  average  dimensions.  They  have 
been  varied  in  some  of  the  sixteen  cantonments  to  fit  the  topc^- 
raphy  and  the  shape  of  the  reservation,  and  increased  in  others 
— as  at  Camp  Meade,  where  the  buUding  area  alone  is  about 
two  miles  by  three. 

With  a  few  exceptions,  these  camp  cities  were  buUt  upon 
non-productive  land,  and  at  some  distance  from  the  nearest  city 
or  transportation  center ,  which  meant  a  prodigious  lot  of  pre- 
liminary work  in  the  way  of  land-clearmg,  drainage,  forest- 
cutting,  and  road-building,  both  of  the  rail  and  wagon  variety. 
Fort  Oglethorpe  alone  among  the  Southern  camps  (and  it  is  not, 
strictly  speaking,  a  National  Army  cantonment)  offered  a  ready- 
made  site  in  Chiokamauga  Park,  the  Civil  War  Imttleground 
owned  by  the  Government ;  but  it  was  at  the  moment  husking 
an  adequate  water  supply  for  the  number  of  men  and  aninuds 
to  be  assembled. 

The  unit  of  the  cantonment — which  is  uniform  in  size  and 
construction  in  all  of  the  camps — is  the  barrack.  This  home  of 
the  soldier  in  training,  the  standard  two-himdred-man  barrack, 
is  a  wooden  building  one  hundred  and  twenty  feet  long,  forty- 
three  feet  wide,  and  two  stories  high,  with  a  low-pitehed  roof 
covered  with  some  one  of  the  patented  fire-resistant  sheet 
roofings. 

At  one  end  there  is  a  twenty-foot  one-storied  kitehen  extend- 
ing the  full  width  of  the  building.  Half  of  the  lower  story  of 
the  barrack  serves  as  a  mess-hall,  furnished  with  tables  and 
bench  seats  for  two  himdred  men ;  twenty  feet  more  of  it  is  the 
company  hall,  entrance,  and  stairway ;  and  the  remainder  and 
the  entire  upper  story  is  filled  with  bunks  and  lockers  for  the 
soldiers'  use; 

The  erection  record  for  this  barrack  unit — it  has  been  in  the 
headlines,  but  it  will  bear  repeating  for  the  credit  of  America — 
was  made  at  Camp  Pike,  near  Little  Bock,  Arkansas.  Work 
began,  setting  the  foundation  posts,  at  9  A.M.;  buUding  com- 
pleted, scaffoldings  down,  litter  cleared  away,  doors  hung,  win- 
dow screens  fitted  and  workmen  out  and  gone  at  11:55.  Beat 
it  if  you  can. 

Wnen  you  have  seen  one  of  these  barracks,  yon  have  seen 
them  all ;  and  they  are  numbered  by  the  hundreds — not  figura- 
tively, but  literally.  In  Camp  Lewis  alone  there  are  144  of 
them ;  and,  in  addition,  enough  other  buildings — administra- 
tion, warehouses,  officers'  quarters,  commissaries,  stables,  and 
the  like — to  make  a  total  of  about  twelve  hundred. 

The  building  of  the  barracks  and  other  cantonment  struc- 
tures was  a  contractor's  job — always  under  the  watehful  eye  of 
a  constructing  quartermaster — and  the  speed  at  which  they 
were  evolved  left  little  room  for  criticism  and  won  its  just  meed 
of  praise  at  the  time  of  its  accomplishment.   But  of  the  purely 


engineering  problems — ^the  watering,  lighting,  heating,  aid 
sanitation — of  these  great  camp  cities  less  has  been  writto. 
And  it  is  tiiese  that  add  the  home  comforts  and  safegnudlli 
health. 

In  all  of  the  locations  selected  an  ample,  pure^onroe 
supply  was  the  first  consideration ;  ample,  because  the 
lean  Army  aUovrance  in  a  camp  designed  to  shelter  a  di' 
with  the  proper  proportion  of  mfantry,  cavalry,  artillery, 
engineers,  with  their  respective  trains  and  animal  equi_ 
is  fifty-five  gallons  a  day  per  man — nearly  double  mat  of 
European  Allies. 

The  water  sources  va^  in  the  different  camps.  Chickamain 
'^ort  Oglethorpe)  uses  Chattanooga  city  water  drawn  from  ne 
Tennessee  River  and  forced  through  ten  miles  of  mains,  withi 
powerfid  electrically  driven  booster  pump  at  the  half-way  paiit 
to  help  the  flow  over  the  hills  of  Missionary  Ridge.  CampG» 
don  has  Atlanta  city  water,  also  pushed  tJkrougn  ten  miles  d 
pressure  mains.  Camp  Lee  uses  Petersburg  city  water ;  Camp 
Taylor,  that  from  the  mimicipally  owned  Louisville  wat«r- 
works.  Camp  Dix's  eng^eers  firstoontemplated  a  supply  drawn 
from  artesian  wells,  but  the  fine  sand  underlying  the  camp  site 
threatened  to  obstruct  the  flow ;  hence  the  New  Jersey's  camp 
supply  is  drawn  from  Rancocas  Creek.  Camp  Lewis,  at  Amer- 
ican Lake,  Washington,  takes  its  water  partly  from  wells  and 
partly  from  immense  springs  flowing  into  the  lake.  Upton, 
Fort  Dodge,  Sherman,  and  others  depend  ap(Ni  wells,  eidiet 
dug,  bore<^  or  driven. 

The  magnitude  of  some  of  the  self-contained  water  plants 
where  no  supply  was  obtainable  from  a  near-by  city  can  bat 
be  shown  by  another  dip  into  figures.  At  Camp  Dodge  > 
well  sixty  feet  in  diameter  and  thirty-three  feet  deep  was  do; 
by  machmery — a  steel  derrick  operating  a  clam-«hell  gnb-bucket 
Tjie  plant  contains  three  huge  pumps  driven  by  electric  motoK, 
each  pump  with  a  capacity  of  one  thousand  ^llons  a  minute 
against  a  head  of  two  nundred  and  fifty  feet.  There  is  a  millioa- 
gallon  concrete  reservoir  on  top  of  a  ridge,  and  to  carry  tbr 
water  up  to  it  there  are  four-fifths  of  a  mUe  of  sixteen-mdi 
wq^d-stave  pipe ;  and  all  this  as  a  mere  preliminaiy  to  the  mile* 
oitrenching  and  pipe-laying  for  the  distribution  of  the  water  b 
the  camp  areas.  Some  job  to  be  done  wiule  you  wait !  Ami 
that  b  precisely  the  way  it  was  done. 

For  water-service  conveniences  the  camp  city  has  as  many  as 
any  other  kind  of  city :  fire  hydrants  all  over  the  place,  bubbler 
dnnking  stations  where  they  will  do  the  most  good,  watering- 
troughs  for  the  live  stock,  pressure  systems  in  the  kitcbem. 
pressure  hot-water  systems  for  the  bath-houses  in  cold  weather. 
and  for  each  Jsarrack  good  bathing  facilities  and  a  lavatory. 
Aside  from  cautionary  warnings  against  needless  waste,  tbet« 
is  no  restriction  placed  upon  the  use  of  water.  And  as  a  matter 
of  course  where  filtration  or  chemical  purification  is  needed  it 
wasprovided  for. 

This  brings  in  Jeff  again — this  filtration  business  ;  not  the 
mountaineer  Jeff  this  time,  but  another  one  bftiling  from  Hm 
bottom  lands  of  the  Red  River,  where  the  normal  color  of  the 
streams  is  a  fine  shade  of  buckskin  ecru.  Jeff,  arriving  weaij 
and  with  his  tongue  like  a  dry  chip  in  his  mouth  at  Camp  Pikn 
asked  for  a  drink  of  water.  Steered  to  the  nearest  "  bubbler." 
he  stared  long  and  disappointedly  at  the  crystal-clear  output 
Then  he  shook  his  head  and  turned  away.  "  That  thar  aia'l 
water,"  he  said,  reproachfully.  "  Reckon  I  know  water  what  1 
see  it.    Water's  yaller." 

Hand  in  hand  with  an  abundant  water  supply  in  the  canfm 
ment  goes  a  complete  and  well-designed  sewerage  system, 
asked  a  constructing  quartermaster  how  thoroughly  this  sewer- 
ing process  had  been  carried  out. 

"  To  a  finish,"  he  said.  "  The  day  of  the  camp  latrine,  even 
in  its  most  carefully  sealed  form,  has  practically  passed,  and 
with  it — and  with  the  serum  inoculations  and  the  abolition  oi 
camp  garbage  dumps,  flies,  and  mosquitoes — the  twin  camp 
soouiges,  typhoid  and  dysentery,  have  disappeared  so  far  *< 
they  were  owing  to  camp  conditions." 

"  But  you  do  have  them  now  and  then,"  I  ventured. 

"  Only  when  they  are  brought  here." 

This  particidar  quartermaster  officer  had  had  a  large  and 
varied  experience  in  the  cantonments  in  his  specialty,  whid 
is  sanitary   engineering,  and  I  asked  him  to   tell   me  aboal 


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MEN  OK  THE   FlliST  DIVISION,   U.  S.  AKMY,  EXAMINING  GEHMAX  l>RISONEltS-A   RECENT  PICTURE 
These  prisonera  ai'e  l>eioK  seiirchml  primarily  fur  import^uit  ])iipera,  ami  are  iiuideiitally  l)("iin;  rcliived  of  uouei;  ilml  knives,  iiuitubeK,  etc.    Matty  soeB«s  Ilka 

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SAVING  PEACH-STONES  TO  HELP  SOLDIERS 

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poison  gas.  The  picture,  taken  jn  a  New  York  street,  shows  how  they  are  being 

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c  pliutognph  was  taken  from  the  deck  of  the  Dutch  liner  New  Amsterdam,  which  had  been  stopped  by  the  submarine  off  the  Norwet^ian  const.   The  steamer'n 
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the  various  methods  of  sewt^  disposal.  He  had  the  data  at  his 
tongue's  end. 

^^Over  half  of  the  cantonments  have  the  most  approved 
methods :  septic  tank  and  chlorination,  the  tanks  with  inter- 
mittent or  trickling  or  sprinkling  filters.  Some  few  drain  direct 
into  watercourses  which  are  not  the  source  of  any  water-supply. 
Camp  Lewis  drains  into  Pnget  Sound ;  Camp  Taylor,  mto  the 
city  sewerage  system  of  Louisville.  This  one  " — ^we  were  at  Fort 
Oglethorpe  at  the  moment — "  has  septic  tanks  and  sprinklers, 
and  the  effluent,  which  is  entirely  inoffensive,  goes  into  Chickar- 
mauga  Creek." 

Not  less  complete  than  the  water  and  sewerage  systems  in  the 
cantonment  cities  are  the  lightin^^  and  power  installations. 
Wherever  it  was  possible  the  ^ectnc  current  has  been  taken 
from  tihe  nearest  central  source ;  otherwise,  self-contained  plants 
have  been  built.  The  camp  cities  are  generously  l^bted,  both 
as  to  building  and  as  to  the  streets  and  areas.  The  familiar 
incandescent  is  everjrwhere,  and  there  is  current  to  spare  for 
power  usee  besides :  for  electric  fans,  for  the  driving  of  pumps 
and  laundry  machinery,  for  the  refrigerating  plant,  tor  hoepi^ 
ventilating  systems,  and  the  like.  In  at  least  one  of  the  camp 
cities  I  saw  the  men  getting  the  r^^ulation  hair^nit  with  electri- 
cally operated  clippers. 

Next  to  good  housing,  pure  water,  proper  sewerage,  and  effi- 
cient light  comes  the  need  for  winter  warmth,  subsidiary  to  the ' 
other  requirements  only  in  the  Southern  cantonments.  As  to 
the  memods  employed,  climatic  conditions  govern.  In  the 
warmer  zone  the  barracks  are  heated  by  stoves  in  the  lower 
story,  with  stovepipe  drums  in  the  upper.  Where  the  winter 
temperatures  run  lower,  central  or  individual  low-pressure  steam 
plants  furnish  the  heat ;  thousands  of  boilers,  more  thousands 
of  radiators,  miles  of  piping.  The  heating  pbuits  are  under  the 
supervision  of  the  superintendent  of  buiMmgs  and  grounds,  a 
Q.  M.  C.  captain  who  reports  to  the  officer  in  charge  of  all  util- 
ities— a  Q.  M.  C.  major.  The  three  superintendents  of  heating 
are  first-class  sergeants,  and  under  them  there  is  a  force  of  fire- 
men and  ash-handlers  drawn  from  the  rank  and  file. 

No  modem  city,  camp  or  other,  would  be  complete  without 
its  telephone  system ;  and  the  cantonments  are  nothing  if  not 
modem.  In  somojuatanoes  the  telephone  system  is  local,  with 
only  long-distance  connections  to  tie  it  to  the  outside  world ;  in 
others  it  is  an  extension  of  the  system  of  the  nearest  city,  with 
a  camp  exchange.  In  either  case  the  long-distance  service  is 
available  for  the  use  of  the  soldier  in  training,  and  the  National 
tel^^ph  companies  have  branch  offices  in  the  cantonments — 
quite  often  a  number  of  them — located  in  the  various  Y.  M.  C.  A. 
buildings. 

Postu  facilities  come  under  the  head  of  conveniences,  if  not 
exactly  under  that  of  engineering  problems.  They  are  afforded 
by  branch  post  offices,  and  brigade,  regimental,  and  company 
deliveries.  If  the  soldier  has  given,  his  company  letter  and  regi- 
mental number  in  his  address  to  the  home  folks,  his  mail  reaches 
him  as  promptly  as  it  would  in  a  city  delivery  system — there 
or  thereabouts. 

Troop  movements  and  the  handling  of  supplies  fall  to  the 
railway  lines,  but  ordinary  transportation  to  and  from  the 
cantonment's  nearest  city  or  town  is  usually  provided  byjocal 
trolley  lines.  In  cases  where  these  lines  were  not  -thready  in 
existence  they  have  been  promptly  built ;  the  near-by  city  or 
town  has  seen  to  that.  For  Jeff  and  his  fellows  in  the  company 
barracks  are  the  freest  of  spenders,  and  the  after-pay-day  leave 
scatters  money  broadcast  in  the  nearest  place  where  it  can  be 
distributed.  What  does  Jeff  buy?  Ordinarily  a  lot  of  things 
for  which  he  hasn't  the  slightest  possible  use.  I've  seen  him  pay 
a  dollar  and  a  half  lor  a  restaurant  dinner  that  wasn't  half  as 
good  as  the  "  chow  "  which  would  have  been  served  him  in  the 
company  mess-halL   But  that  is  strictly  his  affair. 

Of  the  good  job  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  is  making  in  the  adding  of 
home  comforts  and  conveniences  in  the  cantonments — to  say 
nothing  of  the  entertainment  features  ^of  the  work — much  has 
been  written  of  the  praiseful  sort,  and  it  is  all  deserved.  I  spent 
an  instructive  hour  the  other  day  at  the  counter  in  one  of  the 
Y  buildings,  just  listening  and  looking  on.  At  the  time — it  was 
a  hot  and  thirsty  afternoon — there  were  probably  a  hundred 
men  sitting  at  the  bench  desk  which  encircles  the  big  room, 
writing  letters.   The  secretary,  a  man  who,  as  I  happened  to 


know,  had  given  up  a  good  business  connection  to  do  Ins  1m  i 
the  war,  was  as  busy — and  as  cordial — as  a  political  camCibs 
before  election. 

*'  Yes,  sure  we've  got  stamps  " — this  to  a  new  draftee  sendii^ 
his  first  letter  home.  "  Paper  and  envelopes  ?  Always "'— tt 
to  another  applicant.  '^  Movie  programme  ?  Right  up  then  a 
the  walL"  Then  to  aigrave-faced  young  husky  who  looked  asi 
he  might  be  a.  bit  homesick :  "  Play  the  phcmograph '!  (! 
course  you  may — tliat''s  what  it's  here  for.    Go  to  it." 

In  a  littie  lim  1  wedged  in  my  word. 

"  Don't  they  worry  the  life  out  of  you  ?"  1  asked. 

llis  laugh  was  a  tonic  for  tired  people.  "  Not  for  a  minDtt 
I  enjoy  it. 

**  But  the  long  hours — ^they  are  long,  aren't  they  ?" 

**  Six  in  the  morning  to  ten  at  night.  But  what  of  tb: 
When  you  think  of  the  fellows  '  over  there ' — excuse  me.  He 
Pietro  — to  a  bright-faced  littie  Ttalian  cavalryman  who  m 
passing—"  did  you  get  your  shirt  mended  ?" 

The  Italian  backed  around  to  show  a  huge  rent  acTO»  <« 
shoulder — neatly  darned. 

"  Da  ladies  fix-a  heem  fine — I  tank-a  you,"  he  smiled. 

"  They're  glad  to  do  it  ^  come  again  when  you  have  anydui 
you  want  patched.  The  ladies  are  here  Mondays,  Wednesday 
and  Fridays." 

And  so  it  went  throughout  the  hour. 

Admirable  as  the  work  of  the  cantonment  Y  is,  it  is  hatdl 
fair  to  let  the  praise  of  it  overshadow  that  of  at  least  two  otiii 
organizations  which  are  laboring,  and  to  excellent  purpose,  is  d 
same  field.  These  are  the  Knights  of  Columbus  and  d 
Y.  M.  H.  A.  (the  Jewish  young  men's  society).  Club-rooi 
similar  to  the  assembly-rooms  of  the  Y,  are  maintained  bylM 
of  these  associations,  and  while  the  Y  has  the  largest  field  foR 
it  has  no  monopoly  on  the  hearty  brand  of  welcome  extended 
the  beginning  soldier. 

Not  to  starve  the  soldier  mentally  while  it  is  btiilding  b 

f>hysically  into  a  fit  fighting  man,  the  cantonment  city  1^  i 
ibrary — a  free  circulating  library  under  the  auspices  of  i 
"American  Library  Association.  In  Chickamauga,  which  is  tj] 
cal,  the  central  library  is  housed  in  a  large  building  with  fLtaa 
reading-rooms,  long  rows  of  book-stacks  well  filled,  tables  *i 
current  magazines,  racks  of  late  newspapers.  What  is  mud)  m 
to  the  point,  it  is  enthusiastically  patronized  by  the  m^i.  I  a.4 
the  librarian  what  they  read  most,  and  was  surprised  wks 
didn't  say  it  was  light  fiction.  He  said  the  call  was  chiefly  I 
technical  books  b^unng  upon  the  particular  branch  d  I 
service  in  which  the  applicant  happened  to  be  training. 

Unquestionably  Jeff's  job  in  his  training  camp  is  to  fit  li 
self,  or  to  permit  himself  to  be  fitted,  to  fight  the  battles  of 
country ;  and  the  daily  routine  of  the  cantonment  takes  «< 
care  of  that  part  of  his  education.  But  in  many  other  w. 
apart  from  the  military  discipline  the  cantonment  city  b  ga 
to  exert  a  tremendous  influence — a  remodeling  influence — od 
Chilhowee  Balds  and  other  backward  American  regions. 

To  say  nothing  of  the  experiences  he  may  have  abroad, 
training  period  will  have  given  Jeff  a  new  outlook  upon  ' 
and  its  possibilities.  It  has  already  done  so.  If  the  yesx  « 
to  end  to-morrow,  he  would  never  be  content  to  go  back  to  thi 
as  they  were  on  the  Bald.  Or,  if  he  should  go  back,  he  wu 
carry  with  him,  t<Kjether  with  his  disciplined  body  and  his  » 
learned  lesson  of  the  value  of  good  food,  good  housing,  and 
balanced  ration,  a  spirit  of  progress  and  enlightenment,  Ixai 
the  things  he  had  heard  and  seen  and  touched  to  make  the  i 
a  better  place  for  his  children  to  live  in. 

By  looking  back  a  littie  way  you  will  see  that  this  arti 
started  out  to  be  a  listing  of  the  home  comforts  of  the  soldid 
the  making,  as  these  have  lieen  planned  for  and  provided  bj 
designers,  engineers,  and  builders  of  the  cantonment  cities.  1 
it  has  rambled  off  to  other  phases  of  things,  just  as  the  atteni 
and  interest  of  the  camp  visitor  will  ramble  in  any  attem}' 
take  in  the  multifarious  activities  and  outreachings  of  the 
training  centers.  Yet  the  fact  remains  that  it  was  the  -V: 
Engineer  Corps  that  laid  the  broad  foundations. 

lliis  arm  of  the  service,  rarely  seen  against  any  ^>ect3<  > 
background,  has  come  to  its  own  in  the  gre&t  war.  Fn ' 
pre-war  personnel  of  only  twenty-five  hundml  men  and  off 
it  has  grown  to  be  a  hotly  of  two  himilred  tbousan<l,  with  n 

Digitized  by  VJ\^»^V  IV^ 


1918 


THE  OUTLOOK 


101 


than  half  of  that  number  oa  active  service  abroad.  Into  its 
Reserve  ranks  have  gone  hundreds  of  professional  men  who,  out 
of  pure  patriotic  promptings,  have  willingly  taken  a  major's,  a 
captain's,  or  even  a  lieutenant's  pay  in  exchange  for  a  successful 


world-builder's  income.  And  it  is  to  this  body  of  highly  special- 
ized men,  and  to  the  more  or  less  disregarded  quartermaster 
officer — who  is  oftener  than  not  an  engineer — that  the  National 
Army  in  the  making  owes  all  the  comforts  of  home. 


THE  FIGHTING  SHEPiSBRP. 

BY   W.  S.  RAINSFORD  **: 


"  I  am  the  good  shepherd :  the  good  shepherd  giveth  his  life  for 
the  sheep."— -«/oAw  x.  11. 

I  NEVER  realized  what  shepherding  meant  in  the  old  days 
of  long  ago  till  I  lived  among  the  little-known  flock-keeping 
tribes  of  middle  Africa. 

Life  as  we  experience  it  is  something  utterly  different  from 
what  it  was  to  our  forebears.  We  cannot  visualize  it,  try  as  we 
may.  We  call  imagination  to  our  aid,  but  the  past  remains 
misty,  dim,  unreal — a  life,  a  land,  we  may  dream  of  but  cannot 
enter.  But  when  you  come  into  intimate  intercourse  with  primi- 
tive man,  watch  lus  doings,  listen  to  his  slowly  told  stories,  g;ain 
gradually  his  shyly  yielded  confidence,  then  a  fresh  page  in 
human  history  is  turned  over  by  a  black  man's  hand  and  a  new 
world  story,  which  is  but  the  oldest  of  all  old  stories,  is  being 
told  you,  if  you  have  ears  to  bear  it. 

Here,  alas !  the  far  g^reater  part  of  our  modem  travelers  fail. 
They  are  bent  on  winning  their  own  objectives.  The  native,  to 
them,  is  little  more  than  a  means  to  an  end.  They  kill  wild 
beasts,  sometimes  wild  men,  they  map.  unknown  countries,  they 
measure  mountains,  but  the  savage  master  of  mountain  and 
jungle  stands  mute  before  them  ;  he  and  his  life  are  little  more 
than  an  incident  in  their  adventurous  progress. 

To  me  the  fascination  of  little-known  lands  lay  in  their  hiunan 
revelations.  For  more  than  two  years  night  after  night  I 
sat  by  my  big  camp  fire.  When  the  day's  march  was  done,  then 
the  real  day  b^an  for  me.  Then  my  two  hundred  men,  drawn 
from  six  or  seven  different  tribes — men  who  hung  on  me  for 
guidance,  safety,  and  food — after  they  had  rested  from  the  long 
tiay's  march,  would,  because  they  knew  I  liked  it,  come  of  their 
own  will,  first  in  twos  and  threes,  and  then  in  trooping  com- 
|>any,  round  my  fire,  and  in  dance  and  song  and  story  try,  in 
their  humble  way,  to  let  their  white  Bwana  (master)  know  a 
little  of  what  they  were  and  wanted  to  be. 

Daring  those  wonderful  African  nights  I  found  myself  look- 
ing into  an  almost  lost  chapter  in  the  great  book  of  human  his- 
tory, listening  to  a  story,  haltingly  tdfd  and  almost  forgotten, 
seeing,  before  it  quickly  passed  forever,  some  vision  of  what, 
hundreds  of  thousands  of  years  ago,  the  life  of  primitive  man 
must  have  been. 

So,  I  say,  it  was  in  the  African  wilderness,  and  by  its  wild- 
l>ea8t-8caring  fires,  that  I  got  a  newer  and  truer  understanding 
of  what  the  good  shepherd  of  long  ago  was  and  did. 

It  must  have  meant  almost  the  same  thing  in  all  wild  lands, 
where  men  were  feeble  and  the  wilderness  was  strong. 

It  may  sound  an  exaggeration,  but  it  is  the  truth,  that  among 
all  herd-keeping  tribes  the  flock  of  the  tribe  represents  the  final 
gold  reserve,  as  it  were,  of  tribal  existence. 

In  those  parts  of  Africa  where  sheep,  goats,  and  cattle  can 
live,  all  other  native  property  is  generally  of  very  secon<lary 
importance,  and  on  no  tribal  office,  not  even  on  that  of  the  war- 
rior, does  the  well-being  of  all  depend  quite  as  much  as  on  that 
of  the  shepherd. 

If  the  choice  is  forced  on  it,  a  pastoral  tribe  may  desert  even 
itH  women  and  children  sooner*  than  its  flocks.  In  the  old  days 
iroats  and  cattle  ooidd  always  (not  in  Africa  alone,  remember) 
purchase  women,  and  so  the  tribe  could  renew  itself  ;  but  with 
its  herds  lost  or  destroyed  the  tribe  was  doomed. 

I  am  drawing  no  fancy  picture.  I  am  speaking  of  African 
Itastoral  life  as  it  existed  but  a  very  few  years  ago,  as  in  part  it 
>xistB  to^lay. 

In  inland  tropic  lands  there  are  few  natural  food  resources, 
'cw  edible  fruits  or  roots.  To  raise  and  store  grain  taxes  the 
iidustry  of  the  nomad,  and  often  adds  to  the  tribal  dangers,  as 
t     invites  the  attack   of  strange  tribes.  When  the   sun   has 


burned  the  grass,  the  native  hunter  wn&'Jiift  puuy  bow  finds  it 
hard  to  feed  his  family.  He  cannot  get  within  k^Ring^c^stance  of 
wild  game ;  he  falls  back  then  sometimes,  as  we^CD^M;  {i*om  the 
Bible  story  the  Jews  did,  on  the  wild  bee  and  its  store.*  During 
such  times  his  flock,  or  his  small  part  in  the  tribal  flock,  is  his 
very  life.  On  its  milk,  sometimes  but  rarely  on  its  flesh,  be 
can  support  life. 

So  m  primitive  times  (and  still  in  primitive  conditions)  the 
shepherd  who  guarded  the  flock  night  and  day  in  itis  joumeyings 
from  pasture  to  pasture  was  an  alf important  man.  He  must  be 
absolutely  truthful.  He  must  be  absolutely  brave. 

He  must  be  absolutely  truthful,  for  he  is  the  banker  of  his 
people,  and  could,  if  he  would,  not  only  muddle  his  accounts 
but  ruin  his  patrons.  Every  lamb  or  goat  or  calf  bom  during 
the  long  months  he  must  be  absent  m>m  the  village,  seeking 
good  grazing  for  his  charge — months  during  which  he  must  not 
for  a  moment  relax  his  watchfulness — must  be  credited  to  tiie 
rightful  owner  when  he  returns.  Every  weakling  lost  or  dead, 
every  victim  of  lion,  leopard,  or  wild  dog,  must  be  honestiy 
accounted  for.  The  wild  African  is  not  highly  placed  in  our 
human  scale,  yet  this  astonishing  feat  of  memory  that  the  tribal 
shepherd  must  accomplish  is  actually  achieved  by  thousands  of 
black  men.  And,  more  wonderful  still,  these  good  shepherds 
can  render  such  accounts  several  years  after  they  have  given  up 
their  job.  I  can  vouch  for  the  truth  of  this  amazing  statement. 

But,  fascinating  as  it  is  to  write  of  my  unknown  black 
shepherd,  let  me  come  to  the  lesson  he  taught  me,  to  the  light 
he  cast  on  the  Gospel  story. 

As  he  stood  there  with  his  puny  weapons,  his  bow  and  spear, 
before  me  rose  the  picture  of  the  Man  who  called  himself  the 
Good  Shepherd  lieeause  he  gave  his  life  for  his  sheep.  I  seemed 
to  see  the  good  shepherds  of  all  the  struggling  times  in  our  long 
past — black,  white,  and  yellow  shepherds,  careful,  watchful, 
brave — rise  in  a  great  company  mistily  behind  him  and  acclaim 
him  Master  and  Lord. 

The  Shepherd  King  of  Israel  was  a  fighting  man,  so  the 
legend  ran.  That  my  black  shepherd  was  also  a  fighting  man 
there  can  be  no  doubt.  Legend  bad  it  that  David,  defending 
his  flock,  slew  in  one  day  a  lion  and  a  bear.  However  that  might 
be,  I  knew  well  that  this  poor  black  man  sqttatting  by  my 
thorn-wood  fire  faced  the  worst  lion  in  the  world  and  ue  cruel, 
sneaking  leopard  with  the  same  puny  weapons  and  the  same 
high  heart  that  the  Poet  King  of  four  thousand  years  ago  had 
carried. 

Jesus  knew  David's  story.  So  did  every  man,  woman,  and 
child  that  listened  to  him,  and  so  it  was  that,  standing  liefore  a 
people  who  religiously  conserved  their  past,  he  cried :  '*  I  am  the 
good  shepherd :  the  goo<l  shepherd  giveth  his  life  for  the  sheep." 

"  Giveth  his  life.'  How  and  why  V  In  tame  surrender  ?  In 
watchfid  care  only?  Ah,  no.  In  bitter,  sad,  often  hopeless 
battle  with  the  brute  force  of  the  untamed  wild  he  must  give 
his  life  for  his  sheep. 

The  shepherd  of  old  was  a  fighting  man,  I  say.  So  was  the 
Master.  Though  fallen  on  peacef id  times,  the  churches  have  often 
forgot  it.  Were  he  back  on  earth  to-day,  Jesus  would  again  pro- 
claim himself  the  Good  Shepherd,  and  would  surely  grjve  his 
blessing  to  those  millions  who  are  striving  to  make  our  jjoor  world 
a  place  where  his  peace  can  at  last  reign.  Would  he  not  welcome 
to  his  high  company  the  men  and  women  of  all  nations  and  all 
classes  and  all  creeds  who  are  giving  all  they  love  best  to  alNtlish 
forever  that  ruthless  militarism  which  has  become  the  evident 
curse  and  enemy  of  mankind  ?  In  it  the  beast  fonrt's  of  the  |Ki.st 
are  ravaging  the  flocks  of  his  children,  and  with  it  to  the  death 
the  fighting  Shepherd  would  wage  war. 


Digitized  by 


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102 


THE   OUTLOOK 


US^vtember 


CALIFORNIA  IN  THE   SCHOOL  OF  WAR 

SPECIAL  CORRESPONDENCE 


DURING  the  summer  of  1915  The 
Outlook  sent  Mr.  James  Davenport 
Whelpley  to  the  Pacific  coast  for 
the  purpose  of  securing  first-hand* 
information  reg^arding  the  attitude  ^f  d(« ' 
Far  Western  public  toward  the  con^A  dien< 
raging  in  Europe.  Mr.  Whel^e^ 'cMue 
direcuy  from  the  battlefieids  ti)  padilomia, 
and  the  environment  ^n  frhich  he  found 
himself  upon  reacbkib  "his  destination  was 
enough  to  foikfi  "  th&  spirit  of  the  traveler 
from  tlM'jfki''.z6ne  sink  within  him.'"  The 
GrermAi^,  ;&e  French,  the  Belgpans^  the 
English,' and  the  Italians  were  givmg  enter- 
tainments, the  proceeds  of  which  were 
used  for  relief  woi^  in  their  respective 
countries,  and  the  Red  Cross  received  sub- 
stantial support  from  citizens  representing 
both  sides  of  the  world  war.  "  A  straiwer 
to  this  planet  who  landed  directlv  in  San 
Francisco,"  he  wrote  for  the  issue  of 
August  11,  "  might  be  forgiven  if  he  came 
to  the  conclusion  that  Europe  had  been 
visited  by  a  great  flood  or  famine,  .  .  .  and 
that  here  was  a  Nation,  fortunately  immune 
by  reason  of  its  remoteness,  which  was 
exerting  itself  in  relief  measures."  Appar- 
ently the  only  existing  sentiment  pertamiiig 
to  the  war  was  one  nvorine  peace,  and  it 
was  encouraged  by  Mr.  Bryan  and  the 
women's  dubs, and  strengthened  by  "  crowds 
of  young  men  and  women  who  get  together 
ana  decide  that  this  terrible  war  ought  to 
be  stopped  at  once." 

Witnont  attemptine  to  examine  these 
impressions  of  Mr.  Vv  lielpley's,  we  must 
admit  that  the  majority  of  the  people  of 
California  were  opposed  to  taking  active 
part  in  the  European  war  at  that  time,  and 
that  they  gave  open  expression  to  this  sen- 
timent more  tluun  a  year  later  when  they 
cast  the  determining  vote  in -the  second 
election  of  Mr.  Wilson.  The  majority  did 
not  know  that  the  Allies  were  fitting 
America's  battle  as  well  as  their  own.  Presi- 
dent Wilson  had  not  begun  his  second 
term,  however,  before  conditions  arose 
which  revolutionized publicopinion  through- 
out the  West. 

Meanwhile  tke  war  sentiment  in  Cali- 
fornia was  quickened  when  the  people 
learned,  through  information  made  public 
by  the  trial  and  conviction  of  Franz  Bopp, 
German  Consul  at  San  Francisco,  that  the 
reptiU^ns  propaganda  emanating  from 
Berlin  was  emitting  its  slimy  secretions  in 
their  very  midst.  The  State  Legislature 
passed  an  Act  creating  a  State  Council  of 
Defense,  which  was  approved  by  the  Gov- 
ernor on  March  29.  The  body  was  organ- 
ized, held  its  first  meeting,  and  began  its 
work  on  April  6,  within  half  an  hour  after 
President  Wilson  signed  the  declaration  of 
war,  and  three  days  before  the  National 
Council  of  Defense  called  upon  the  States 
to  form  such  organizations.  Eighteen  com- 
mittees were  named,,  each  to-  supervise  and 
direct  a  certain  phase  of  war-preparedness 
work.  In  each  of  the  fifty-eight  counties 
local  councils  of  defense  were  organized, 
consisting  of  the  judge  of  the  superior 
court  as  chairman,  the  district  attorney, 
the  sheriff,  the  chairman  of  the  board  of 
supervisors,  the  counhr  clerk,  and  three 
additional  members.  These  bodies  were  in- 
defatigable in  the  patriotic  work  assigned 
them.  Reports  of  the  -State  Council  of  De- 
fense which  have  been  filed  with  the  Gov- 
ernor from  time  to  time  cover  such  subjects 
as  increased  crop  production,  prevention  of 
waste,   the    home    gardening    movement, 


organization  of  home  guards,  detection  and 

repr^io^  pf  enemy  acts,  assisting  farmers 

tueoOgh  iQtfunty  farm  advisers,  surveying 

:'«mf  mapping  military  roads,  solving  the 

;:  Koor  proDlems  for  the  farmer,  eliminating 

*  loss  in  the  harvesting  of  crops,  safeguarding 

the  moral  welfare  and  providing  dean  en 

tertainment  and  recreation  for  tne  enlisted 

men,  and  many  other  similar  subjects. 

These  councils  with  their  affiliated  organ- 
izations have  been  doing  most  effective 
work  in  ormnizing  and  co-ordinating  local 
patriotic  effort  and  enthusiasm,  "niis  is 
ulustrated  in  many  instances.  California 
was  one  of  the  first  two  States  in  the  Union 
to  complete  the  registration  of  heir  male 
citizens  under  the  Federal  Seleetive  Ser- 
vice Act  By  September  28, 1917,  fifty-two 
Home  Guard  squads  had  been  formed  in 
the  State.  During  the  same  year,  in  response 
to  the  Nation's  plea  for  increased  crop 
production,  eighty  per  cent  of  the  fanners 
m  the  State  increased  their  yield  more  than 
thirty  per  cent  over  that  of  1916.  Califor- 
nia is  Sfud  to  have  been  the  first  State  in 
the  Union  io  organize  a  committee  on  en- 
gineering and  inventions,  and  through  this 
committee  more  than  twenty  new  devices 
for  making  war  were  reported  to  the  War 
Department  before  Octooer  1, 1917. 

A  littie  over  four  months  after  war  was 
declared  Mr.  Hoover  appointed  Mr.  Ralph 
P.  Merritt  Food  Commissioner  for  Califor- 
nia, and  the  latter,  on  August  26,  announced 
the  sta£f  of  assistants  who  would  carry  out 
the  Government  plans  for  food  conserva- 
tion and  the  control  of  agricultural  prod- 
ucts, including  marketing,  distribution,  and 
the  supervisipn  of  food  industries.  Through 
the  frequent  publication  of  bulletins,  the 
cordial  and  efiicient  service  of  numerous 
local  suliordinates,  and  the  patriotic  re- 
sponse of  the  people,  the  State  Food  Ad- 
ministrator has  rendered  excellent  service 
to  the  Nation.  After  a  recent  tour  of  the 
entire  State  which  took  him  into  the  rural 
communities  as  well  as  into  the  more 
densely  populated  areas,  Mr.  Merritt  is 
reported  to  have  said  that  the  response 
which  the  people  are  making  voluntMily  is 
nothiiuf  less  than  "  magnificent." 

In  uct,  this  eager  response  to  the  de- 
mands of  the  hour  has  manifested  itself  in 
a  most  substantial  way  on  many  occasions. 
California's  apportionment  in  the  First 
Liberty  Loan  was  $91,000,000,  her  sub- 
scription was  $115,621 ,0idO ;  in  the  Second 
Loiui  her  quota  was  $134,496,579,  her  sub- 
scription was  $183/S71,200;  in  the  Third 
the  quota  and  subscription  were  $133,820,- 
429  and  $174,512,450,  respectively.  TliuBa 
total  quota  in  the  three  drives,  amounting 
to  $359,317,008,  was  oversubscribed  bv 
$114,187,692.  In  a  list  of  seven  cities  with 
populations  between  two  hundred  and  fifty 
and  five  hundred  thousand  that  had  sub- 
scribed most  liberally  to  the  Third  Liberty 
Loan,  the  Official  Bulletin,  on  May  8, 1918, 
gave  California  two ;  Los  Angeles  standing 
second  in  the  list,  with  a  rating  of  one  hun- 
dred and  fifty  per  cent,  and  San  Francisco 
sixth,  with  a  rating  of  one  hundred  and 
nine  per  cent.  In  a  list  of  nineteen,  with 
popumtions  rang^g  from  one  hundred  to 
two  hundred  and  fifty  thousand,  Oakland 
has  a  place  with  a  rating  of  one  hundred 
and  four  per  cent.  In  addition  to  this  Cal- 
ifornia had  purchased  AVar  Saving  Stamps 
to  the  amount  of  $0,504,976.50  on  August 
1, 19lS. 

In  the  first  campaign  made  for  funds  by 


the  Red  Cross  in  1917  California  gave 
$2,616,848.92.  In  the  drive  which  waa  car- 
ried on  during  last  summer  the  amount 
reported  to  Ju^  1  was  $7411,083.62.  Eacit 
01  the  129  chapters  into  which  the  State 
was  divided  for  the  last  campaign  over- 
subscribed its  quota  with  two  exceptions, 
and  one  of  the  two  reached  its  apportion- 
ment This  total  of  $9,727 ,932.M  does  not 
include  either  the  money  raised  in  the 
membership  campaign,  when  over  three 
hundred  thousana  joined  the  Red  Cross, 
or  any  attempt  to  estimate  in  dollars  and 
cents  the  volunteer  service  given  by  thou- 
sands of  citizens,  particularly  the  women, 
throughout  the  entire  war  period.  Wlien 
we  add  to  this  more  than  $400,000  sub- 
scribed to  the  work  of  Bel^;ian  relief, 
$l,460,000,(approximately,  which  has  been 
given  t6  the  Young  Men's  Christian  Asso- 
ciation, about  $400,000  to  Ihe  Knigfats  of 
Columbus,  and  the  generous  sums  contrib- 
uted to  the  Young  Women's  Christiaa 
Association,  to  the  i  oung  Men's  Hebrew 
Association,  and  to  other  orders  and  soci- 
eties, it  will  be  seen  that  the  State  has  aa 
enviable  record  of  volunteer  service. 

If  we  consider  the  contributions  made  to 
the  industrial  output  of  the  Nation,  particu- 
larly to  that  of  ship-building,  we  shall  find 
that  California  has  done  her  part  Of  the 
ninety-five  vessels  sent  down  the  ways  in 
the  various  shipyards  of  the  country  on 
July  4,  more  than  half  were  built  on  the 
Pacific  coast  The  San  Francisco  Bay  dis- 
trict launched  seventeen  steel  ships,  eight 
of  them  destroyers  and  nine  cargo  vessels  ; 
the  shipyards  of  San  Pedro,  four  ;  and  the 
Eureka  yards,  the  same  number  on  the 
same  day.  In  addition  to  the  steel  vessels 
mentioned  the  Pacific  coast  is  credited 
with  thirty  wooden  vessels — eighteen  from 
Oregon,  ten  from  Washington,  and  two 
from  California.  One  of  the  steel  ships  of 
12,000  tons  at  the  Union  plant  oi  the 
Bethlehem  Ship-Building  Corporation  was 
launched  in  thirty-eight  days,  making  a 
world's  record,  which  Director  Schwab  said 
he  believed  would  not  be  surpassed  nnlras 
it  was  accomplished  by  the  men  who  made 
the  record.  The  six  honor  flags  awarded 
by  the  Emergency  Fleet  Corporation  have 
come  to  the  Pacific  coast  because  of  the 
excellent  work  done  by  the  ship-builders  of 
the  West 

Verily,  conditions  have  changed  in  Cali- 
fomia,  as  they  have  throughout  the  West 
since  the  summers  of  1915  and  1916.  Neu- 
trality has  given  place  to  war,  and  indiffer- 
ence and  opposition  have  g^en  way  to 
interest  ana  co-operation.  The  hyphen 
everywhere  has  been  condemned.  Local 
officials  have  co-operated  with  tiie  Federal 
branch  of  the  Secret  Service  in  uncovering 
and  stamping  out  Grerman  propaganda 
wherever  it  could  be  found.  Anti-Grerman 
sentiment  has  been  mining  rapidly.  In 
California  the  State  Board  of  Education 
has  taken  action  which  has  resulted  in  re- 
moving the  German  language  from  courses 
of  study  throughout  the  State.  School- 
teachers with  pro-German  sjrmpathies  have 
been  dismissed.  University  professors  with 
Grerman  names  and  German  tact  have  been 
compelled  to  resign  their  positions.  Briefly, 
California  has  made  it  quite  clear  to  all 
who  Uve  within  her  borders  that  there  is  to 
be  nothing  left  which  shall  serve  as  a  me- 
dium for  tne  spread  of  "  German  KuUur" 

But  this  is  no  time  to  pause  for  self- 
congratulations.  More  pertinent  is  it  in 
Cahfornia  and  throughout  the  Nation  to 
ask  ourselves  a  few  frank  questions.  Are 
we  yet  one  hundred  per  cent  efficient? 
Can  we  be  one  hundred  per  cent  efficient 

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if  onr  pnblic  sentiment  has  not  yet  reached 
that  degree  of  efficiency  ?  Can  onr  public 
sentament  be  one  hundred  per  cent  efficient 
if  it  will  tolerate  threatened  interruptions 
in  any  branch  of  our  war  work  ?  Do  we 
realize  that  we  have  just  begun  our  part  of 
the  task  in  this  world  conflict?  Do  we 
realize  that  the  National  Government 
expects  to  spend  approximately  $24,000,- 
000,000  during  the  fiscal  year  ending  June, 
1919,  and  that  $16,000,000,000  of  that 
amonnt  may  be  raised  by  the  sale  of  Lib- 
erty Bonds  ?  Do  we  forget  that  the  Bed 
Cross,  the  Young  Men's  and  the  Young 
Women's  Christian  Associations,  and  simi- 


lar organizations,  will  call  npon  us  a^ain 
and  again  for  more  and  still  more  milhons 
for  relief  work  in  this  titanic  business  in 
which  we  are  engaged  ?  We  may  well  be 
proud  of  Vhat  our  boys  are  dome  "  over 
there,"' we  may  congratulate  ourselvea  on 
what  we  have  done  "  over  here  ;"  but  we 
must  not  permit  these  self-indulgences  to 
lead  to  optimistic  or  selfish  intoxication,  so 
that  we  will  be  disqualified  to  complete  die 
task  which  we  have  undertaken. 

Cardinal  Goodwik, 
Professor  of  American  History, 
llGlls  College. 
OdUand,  Odifbniis,  Aa«iut  18, 1918. 


THE   END   OF  A  PERFECT  DAY 

SPECIAL   CORRESPONDENCE 


TIE  hot  wave  first  raced  across  the 
com  belt  of  the  Middle  West  on  Sun- 
day. When  Friday  came,  the  ther- 
mometer was  still  dancing  up  and 
down  between  100°  and  110°  hot  Fahrenheit. 
The  com,  eager  to  fill  up  its  ear,  was  blis- 
tering in  the  Iowa  sun,  and  the  leaves  were 
turning  fast  to  fodder.  The  bumper  crop  in 
sight  a  week  before  was  now  no  more  tnan 
a  Uvely  hope.  Day  after  day  clouds  climbed 
op  into  the  western  sky  to  thunder  a  v^rant 
note  and  then  to  disappoint  each  evening 
the  earnest  farmers. 

Everything  wilted  but  Chautauqua.  That 
never  wilts.  Chantaaqnans,  well  seasoned 
these  many  years  past,  "  feel  no  more  the 
heat  of  the  sun."  General  management  has 
the  highly  intelligent  support  of  local  com- 
mittees, local  editors,  local  ministers.  Even 
the  stores  close  during  th|e  Chaataaqua  hours. 
Families  for  many  a  mile  round  set  their 
house  in  order  for  Chautauqua  week,  and 
crowd  the  big  tent  afternoon  and  evening. 
Chautauqua  audiences  are  well  trained. 
No  better  listeners  are  to  be  found.   Good 
music,  good  P^ys,  good  speaking,  they  de- 
mand, and  ChautauQua   nianaeers   never 
disappoint  them.  While  mere  celebrity  may 
draw,  something  more  is  needed  to  save 
from  the  fate  described  by  him  who  wrote : 
"  Th«y  Uirlit  roe  odos. 
They  hurry  by. 
And  never  come  again." 

I  have  studied  the  Chautauqua  speakers. 
They  command  the  admiration  of  the  hon- 
est critic,  lliey  have  method  as  well  as 
meosage.  They  are  as  artistic  in  their  craft 
as  George  Aruss  in  his  or  Galli-Curci  in 
hers.  They  deal  with  serious  subjects  as 
experts.  They  carry  men,  women,  and  chil- 
dren on  to  the  conclusion  of  the  longest 
lecture  by  knowing  when  to  lighten  at  the 
proper  moment  with  a  story,  or  a  lilt  of 
numor,  or  sometimes  a  local  reference. 
Said  a  village  woman  in  my  hearing  of  a 
fellow-speaker  on  the  problems  of  patriot- 
iam :  "  I  thought  at  first  he  would  be  hard 
to  follow,  but  I  surely  hated  when  he  had 
to  atop."  I  heard  that  lecture.  Tlie  ther- 
mometer was  reported  to  be  105^  in  the  tent. 
The  speaker  held  tlie  rapt  attention  of  the 
people  for  an  hour  and  a  half  in  a  philo- 
sopnical  presentation  of  the  causes  of  the 
war  and  our  resiMJiisibilities  in  consequence. 
It  was  like  reading  a  solid  book,  and  con- 
densing it  with  marked  success  into  one 
hearing.  It  was  typical,  and  twenty  millions 
of  Americans  are  reported  to  be  listening 
to  such  addresses  in  Chautauqua  tents  the 
country  over. 

Chautauqua  is  patriotic.  With  a  daily 
programme  with  a  patriotic  tinge  Chautau- 
qua is  helping  to  make  real  Americans  no 
matter  what  tlieir  pedigree,  and  deserves 


the  confidence  of  our  President  and  his 
Administration.  While  I  have  spoken  for 
Chautauqua  before,  this  hot  August  finds 
me  for  the  first  time  "  on  circuit "  in  Iowa, 
living  daily  the  Chautauqua  life,  speaking 
every  night  in  combination  with  a  quartette 
of  jolly  Doys  who  sing  the  patriotic  songs 
and  Government  war  pictures ;  sometimes 
rising  the  next  morning  at  3:30  to  "  auto  " 
and  railroad  to  the  next  appointment  It  is 
hot,  hard,  grueling  work,  with  no  days  off, 
as  in  tlie  trenches,  but  joyously  worth  while. 
Everybody  is  good-natured.  Broken  sleep 
is  partly  made  up  in  the  train,  partly  be- 
tween performances. 

It  was  almost  noon  when  we  got  into 
Blanchard.  Good  cheer  awaited  us  at  the 
little  concrete  hotel  and  a  good  dinner. 
Then  a  patriotic  afternoon,  including  a 
pageant  for  the  children  to  perform  and  a 
scholarly  address,  of  which  the  young 
mother  with  the  baby  in  her  arms  re- 
marked to  me,  her  seat-mate,  "  I  wish  the 
Kaiser  had  heard  that !  He  would  know 
where  to  get  off." 

We  were  sitting  on  the  hotel  porch  wait- 
ing for  the  evening  call  to  duty  when  the 
local  editor  with  the  evening  paper  in  his 
hands  came  sauntering  up  to  show  us  the 
good  news  from  the  front.  He  was  a  real 
lowan,  widely  read  and  equally  at  home  in 
comment  ou  Europe  or  America.  He  talked 
about  Uie  technique  of  the  war  like  a  Frank 
H.  Siinonds,  its  moral  issues  like  a  Chris- 
tian, its  statecraft  Uke  a  Wilson  or  Lloyd 
George.  lowans  are  great  talkers.  Hotel 
porches  and  trains  are  visitine  opportuni- 
ties. One  of  them  told  me  wat  they  are 
more  conservative  than  some  of  their  neigh- 
bors in  the  States  near  by.  At  any  rate,  they 
cannot  be  hurried  in  the  formation  of  opin- 
ions, nor  worsted  in  discussion  when  tneir 
minds  are  once  made  up.  They  talk  with 
an  informedness  and  felicity  nowhere  sur- 
passed in  this  country.  They  are  humor- 
ously sensitive  here  and  there  to  anything 
that  looks  like  Eastern  condescension ;  but 
they  never  bristle.  They  are  so  sure  that 
their  lines  are  cast  in  pleasant  places  that 
they  keep  good-natured  however  warm  the 
aivument  As  one  of  them  said  to  me : 
"  We  folks  travel.  'Most  everybody  goes  to 
New  York  and  to  California.  The  auc- 
tioneer in  '  galluses '  and  shirt  sleeves  has 
been  all  round  the  world.  If  Eastern  folks 
do  not  like  to  take  us  ou  equal  terms,  we 
neither  worry  nor  get  mad.  We  know 
Iowa  is  tlie  nest  State  in  the  Union.  We 
let  them  fade  away." 

Here  and  there  are  little  groups  of 
foreign-born.  One  or  two  of  my  audiences 
consisted  practically  of  Gentians  and  of 
Swedes.  But  tliey  are  goml  AiiiericAUs. 
Tliey  are  through  with  the  hyphen.  They 


are  sendiiw  thmr  boys  over  to  beat  the 
Kaiser,  and  they  do  not  want  them  home 
until  the  job  is  done.  One  of  them,  a  most 
attractive  man,  remarked  to  me  as  we  were 
circling  round  the  town  in  his  "  machine :" 
"  When  the  trouble  was  between  England 
and  the  Fatherland,  I  had  some  sympathy 
for  the  country  where  I  lived  in  my  boy- 
hood. The  Germany  of  my  boyhood  was  a 
pretty  nice  place.  I  thought  possibly  some- 
thing could  be  sud  on  both  sides.  But  after 
the  Kaiser,  in  January,  1917,  let  loose  his 
submarines  again  and  broke  his  promise  to 
us  I  made  up  my  mind  that  tiie  Kaiser 
was  a  crook,  and  that  the  Fatherland  I 
loved  was  dead.  It  was  Uncle  Sam  for  me 
after  that  I  wish  I  could  %ht,  but  they 
tell  me  I  am  too  old.  I  am  proud  to  say, 
however,  that  my  boys  are  over  there,  and 
if  they  have  to  kill  Uieir  cousins  in  the 
Grerman  army  they  will  do  it  like  Ameri- 
cans.. I  am  doing  what  I  can  at  hoipe.  I 
have  got  three  thousand  people  in  the 
county  to  raise  hogs  this  year  for  Uncle 
Sam.  We  expect  to  net  Sn),000  for  him. 
But  I  do  wish  I  could  fight  !'* 

That  evening  performance  I  never  could 
forget,  not  even  if  I  tried.  I  was  schedule<l 
for  the  middle  of  the  programme.  I  was 
explaining  to  the  audience  that  we  are  not 
going  to  stop  this  war  till  we  have  both 
beaten  the  Kaiser  and  agreed  with  other 
nations  to  end  war  forever.  As  I  began  to 
speak  the  clouds  began  to  gmmble  and  to 
spread  out  over  the  whole  sky.  Flashes  of 
lightning  played  round  tlie  tent  like  search- 
lights through  an  Allied  city.  Here  and 
there  a  little  restlessness  was  evident,  not 
due,  however,  to  the  coming  of  a  storm,  but 
to  concern  abont  the  horses  and  "  autos." 
Mothers  made  their  babies  as  comfortable 
as  possible  and  crooned  them  to  quiet 
Nobody  thought  of  going  heme.  Chautau- 
quans  always  stick  it  out 

Naturally  I  was  on  my  mettle  to  make  it 
worth  their  while  to  stay,  and  not  to  be  out- 
talked  by  the  thunder.  I  made  them  laugh 
with  agood  story  of  the  lighter  side  of 
war.  When  I  told  them  that  the  war  will 
never  end  till  Old  Glory  floats  over  the 
Potsdam  palace  to  save  us  all  from  Pots- 
damnation,  their  applause  beat  out  the 
thunder-storm.  Then  I  told  them  that  onr 
allies  have  for  four  long  years  been  fight- 
ing our  war  as  well  as  theirs,  and  that  we 
now  at  last  are  watching  them  in  heroic 
and  resistless  onslaught  They  rose  to  the 
moral  heights  of  tiMesae  obliae,  and  put 
themselves  on  record  white  the  thunder 
crashed  as  it  had  never  crashed  before  and 
the  lightning  atoned  freely  for  its  neglect 
of  the  com  belt 

I  was  speaking  of  tlie  air  raid  which  I 
saw  in  London  when  suddenly  the  ap- 
plause began  again  and  extravagantly  out- 
reached  the  merit  of  my  words.  I  did  not 
understand  at  first,  but  I  was  soon  to  learn 
that  my  audience  good-naturedly  was 
watching  the  rain  trickling  down  in  a 
widening  stream  through  a  joint  in  the 
tent  and  drawing  nearer  to  me.  At  last  a 
big  splash  struck  iny  neck.  Instead  of  mov- 
ing to  one  side,  I  Bteppe<]  across  the  foot- 
lights. Detennined  to  play  up  to  such  an 
audience,  I  went  down  into  their  miditt, 
where  I  battled  with  the  thunder  till  there 
was  a  place  to  stop,  while  the  people  said, 
"  Go  on,  go  on  !" 

By  this  time  the  blessed  rain  was  pour- 
ing down  in  torrents,  to  the  delight  of  all  of 
us,  and,  without  awaiting  its  cessation,  uin- 
brellaless,  I  hurrie<l  back  to  ray  hotel,  un- 
mindful of  the  drenching  and  thinking 
only  that  "  this  is  tlie  end  of  a  perff  <;t 
day."  Lyma.v  P.  Powki-l. 

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THE   OUTLOOK 


18  September 


This  advertisement,  which  is  appearing  in  the  daily  newspapers,  seems  to  us  of  such  importance 
to  American  industry  that  tee  reproduce  it  here  on  our  own  responsibility  as  neips  and  not  as  an 
advertisement.  It  throws  a  clear  light  on  one  of  the  great  economic  problems  of  the  war  and  ought 
to  be  read  by  every  jyrogressive  American  business  man. —  THE  PUBLISHERS  OF  THE  OVTLOOK. 


A  Message 
to  American    Business 


The  Lesson  of  British  Experience 

From  an  Address  made  in  New  York  by  Mr.  Val  Fisher, 
London  Publisher,  Member  London  Chamber  of  Commerce, 
Associate  Member  American  Chamber  of  Commerce  in  London 


I 


'N  four  years  of  war, 
many  things  have  hap- 
pened in  Great  Britain 
that  I  am  quite  sure  you 
will  be  interested  in  hear- 
ing about. 

''Some  wonderful  things 
have  happened  in  advertis- 
ing, through  war  condi- 
tions, and  I  want  to  touch 
on  some  of  those  things, 
that  you  may  be  prepared 
for  the  conditions  that  will 
probably  arise  as  the  war 
goes  on.  In  the  last  four 
years  the  business  men  of 
Great  Britain  have  learned 
more  concerning  the  im- 
portance of  building  good- 
will through  advertising 
than  they  did  in  forty  years 
preceding  the  war. 

"  In  considering  business  conditions 
in  England  you  must  bear  in  mind  that 

ONE-HALF  OF  ALL  THE  MEN 
IN  ENGLAND  BETWEEN  THE 
AGES  OF  18  AND  51  ARE  IN 


MILITARY  OR  NAVAL  SER- 
VICE. That  means  ONE-THIRD  of 

our  entire  male  population,  from  the 
infants  in  the  cradle  to  the  extremely 
old. 

'"  You  must  bear  in  mind  that 
5,000,000  British  women  who  never 
worked  before  have  voluntarily  gone  to 
work  to  611  the  places  of  men  at  the 
front.  Hundreds  of  our  women  are 
working  in  factories  making  TNT — a 
work  that  ruins  the  hair  and  turns 
the  skin  yellow — thus  sacrificing  their 
beauty  for  the  rest  of  their  lives  for  the 
sake  of  Britain  and  freedom.  We  hav« 
only  one  business  in  England  and  that 
is  to  win  the  war.  We  are  all  concen- 
trated on  that  one  thing,  even  to  the 
boys  and  girls. 

"  You  would  think  under  such  condi- 
tions, with  as  many  men  in  active  ser- 
vice, in  proportion  to  population,  as  you 
would  have  if  you  had  18,000,000  men 
in  uniform — you  would  think  under 
such  conditions  that  retail  business 
would  be  botmd  to  be  bad.  And  yet 
business  is  wonderfully  good.  You 
American  business  men  are  now  in  much 
the  same  |K)8ition  as  were  the  British 
business  men  at  the  end  of  their  first 
year  of  war.  You  are  wondering  what 
will  be  the  effet^t  of  increasing  selective 
service — you  are  anticipating  restric- 
tions on  your  business — and  I  want  to 
tell  you  some  of  our  experiences  so  you 
can  profit  by  them. 


"  The  department  stores  of  any  coun- 
try usually  reflect  the  state  of  trade. 
The  profits  of  the  twelve  leading  London 
department  stores  during  the  period  of 
war  were  as  follows :  Fiscal  year  1914- 

15,  profits  #4,950,000;  1916-16,  #4.- 
250,000 ;  1916-17,  $5,575,000.  In  the 
Provinces  the  profits  of  the  nine  leading 
stores  were:  1914-15,  $750,000  :  1915 

16,  |i945,000  ;  1916-17,  $1,150,000. 

"  In  the  wholesale  trade,  the  seven 
largest  British  houses  increased  their 
profits  from  $3,429,000  in  1914-15  t*> 
$5,885,000  in  1916-17.  In  the  grocery 
trade,  our  leading  chain-store  firm  niade 
a  profit  of  $2,313,755  in  1916-17,  au.l 
increased  it  to  $3,736,000  in  1917-lK 
the  latter  figme  being  $1,000,000  iwt 
annum  over  their  average  for  the  pri-- 
vious  five  yeai-s.  Lest  you  shoidd  think 
this  is  profiteering,  I  will  tell  you  that 
the  turn-overs  justify  such  proHts,  aiul 
further,  the  British  Government  has 
recently  declared  there  was  no  profit- 
eering. Tra<le  is  good,  abnormally  good 
in  England,  because  never  before  in  ifo 
history  have  there  been  so  many  work- 
ers per  thousand  population — never 
before  has  the  wealth  of  the  oountrv 
been  so  evenly  distributed. 

"  The  experience  of  Britain's  retail 
stores  contains  an  object  lesson  which 
shoidd  not  be  lost  on  the  business  mvn 
of  America.  During  the  first. few  montlL> 
of  the  war  many  stores  cut  down  their 


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105 


advertising.  But  Self  ridge  did  not.  He 
did  not  skip  a  single  day.  He  used  all 
the  space  ihe  papers  would  allow  him 
to  use  and  has  continued  to  do  so.  The 
result  was  that  Self  ridge's  profits  dur- 
ing the  first  year  of  the  war  were 
11573,000,  during  the  second  $750,000, 
and  during  the  third  year  $1,125,000. 

"  Another  London  store,  much  larger 
than  Self  ridge's  at  the  start  of  the  war, 
decided  to  cut  down  its  advertising,  and 
did  so  until  they  saw  their  mistake,  and 
the  result  is  shown  in  their  returns. 
This  store's  profits  for  the  first  year  of 
the  war  were  $1,546,000  ;  for  the  second 
year,  $1,000,000 ;  and  for  the  third  year, 
$1,176,000.  From  fourth  or  fifth  place 
among  London  stores,  in  volume  of 
business  and  profits,  at  the  start  of  the 
war,  Selfridge  has  climbed  to  SECOND 
place  as  the  result  of  his  continuous 
advertising,  and  he  would  be  FIRST 
to-day  had  not  the  war  prevented  build- 
ing additions  to  his  store. 

"  British  manufacturers  who  have 
not  a  dollar's  worth  of  merchandise 
to  sdl,  whose  entire  plants  are  em- 
ployed on  Government  work,  are 
keying  their  advertising  continu- 
ously before  the  public,  because 
while  they  are  perfectly  Mrilling  to 
turn  their  profits  over  to  the  Gov- 
ernment, while  they  are  perfectly 
willing  for  the  sake  of  winning  the 
vrar  to  have  their  factories  com- 
mandeered and  their  normal  busi- 
ness completely  stopped,  yet  they 
are  not  willing  to  saciifice  their 
good  will;  they  are  not  willing 
to  have  their  name*  or  .  their 
products  forgotten. 

"  And  so  they  continue  thdr  ad- 
vertising, continue  building  their 
good-will,  so  that  when  the  war 
shall  be  won  there  will  be  an  im- 
mediate demand  for  the  billions  of 
dollars'  worth  of  merchandise  that 
their  greatly  enlarged  factories  will 
then  turn  out. 

"This  is  a  time  when  every  manu- 


facturer, every  business  man,  should 
look  far  ahead.  Good-will  cannot  be 
built  in  a  day,  even  by  advertising.  The 
war  will  not  last  always.  We  have  all 
seen  the  mistake  of  being  unprepared 
for  war;  it  is  almost  as  great  and  serious 
a  mistake  to  be  UNPREPARED 
FOR  PEACE. 

"What  are  you  igSing  to  do  with 
your  acres  and  acres  of  enlarged  factory 
space  now  employed  in  the  making  of 
War  Products  all  over  America,  if  you 
don't  build  good-will  now  for  the  goods 
you  are  going  to  make  when  the  war  is 
won  ?  How  are  you  going  to  keep  the 
smoke  coming  out  of  your  factory  chim- 
neys after  peace  is  declared,  if  you  don't 
keep  your  name  constantly  before  the 
public  now,  and  build  a  demand  for 
your  peace-time  products  that  will 
insure  a  satisfaetoty  business  the 
minute  you  stop  making  muni- 
tions or  other  war  supplies  ? 

"  The  war  has  taught  the  manufac- 
turers and  business  men  of  Britain  that 
advertising  is  not  only  the  least  expen- 
sive way  to  sell  goods,  but  that  it  also 
has  the  far  more  important  function  of 
BUILDING  GOOD-WILL—AgcMd. 
will  whose  benefits,  especially  in  critical 
times,  can  hardly  be  measured.  British 
business  men  have  also  learned  that 
advertising  can  be  used  in  time  of  war 
to  stop  the  sale  of  their  goods,  and  at 
the  same  time  retain  and  even  increase 
the  good-will  of  the  public.  In  a  few 
cases  British  corporations  have  realized 
when  it  was  too  late,  and  after  irrevo- 
cable damage  was  done,  that  advertising 
woidd  have  saved  them. 

"  Moreover,  you  Americans  must  not 
forget  your  opportunities  for  foreign 
trade.  Millions  of  people  in  Great 
Britain  and  France  and  Italy  and  Cen- 
tral and  South  America  will  be  looking 
to  you  for  American-made  goods  when 
the  war  is  over.  Those  of  you  who  are 
best  prepared,  those  of  you  whose  good- 
will is  most  firmly  established,  will  reap 
the  greatest  benefit. 

"  From  the  outbreak  of  the  war  Brit- 


ish business  men  clearly  recognized  their 
duty  to  their  country  and  its  fighting 
men.  It  was  essential  that  they  shouM 
strain  every  nerve  to  keep  the  trade  of 
the  country  as  near  normal  as  possible 
during  the  war,  and  it  is  just  as  essen- 
tial that  when  peace  comes  they  must 
be  prepared  to  ke^p  eoery  factory 
working  at  full  pressure  and  to 
find  employment  for  every  em- 
ployable unit.  It  is  only  by  such 
methods  that  Britain  can  pay  for  her 
share  of  the  war. 

"  No  nation  stands  to  gain  as  much 
oonunercially  from  the  war  as  does 
America.  In  Great  Britain  the  per 
capita  income  is  $236,  and  the  per  capita 
debt  $589 ;  in  the  United  States  your 
per  capita  income  is  $352,  and  your  per 
capita  debt  is  $63. 

"As  you  gentlemen  know,  I  have 
been  interested  in  fostering  Anglo- 
American  trade  for  many  years.  And  I 
want  to  warn  your  manufacturing  and 
export  houses  that  NOW  is  the  time 
to  prepare  for  peace.  I  find  a  tendency 
here  to  neglect  preparations  for  export 
trade  until  peace  has  been  declared. 
There  could  not  be  a  greater  mistake. 
Now  is  not  the  time  to  export,  but  most 
emphatically  now  IS  the  time  to  lay 
your  plans  and  build  good-wilL 

"  Through  a  long  experience  with 
Anglo-American  trade  I  know  that 
most  of  the  failures  made  by  British 
houses  exporting  to  this  country  and  of 
American  houses  exporting  to  Great 
Britain  have  come  about  through  the 
lack  of  adequately  undei-standiug  the 
temperaments  of  the  public  in  the  two 
countries. 

"These  are  times  of  rapid  and  tre- 
mendous change.  No  man  can  rest  un 
his  laurels.  Those  who  were  lemlers  last 
year,  those  who  are  leaders  now  in  their 
respective  business  lines,  may  be  sur- 
passed next  year  by  far-seeuig,  efficient, 
and  THOROUGHL  Y  PREPARED 
competitors  who  have  laid  their 
plans  a  long  way  in  advance. " 


The  above  is  reproduced  in  the  interest  of  American  Industry  by  the 

AMERICAN  ASSOCIATION  OF  ADVERTISING  AGENCIES 

Office  of  the  National  Executive  Secretary 
Metropolitan  Tower,  New  York 

American  Association  of  Advertising  Agencies  embraces  a  national  membership  and  comprises  the  followinij  councils : 
Western  Council,  New  England  Council,  Philadelphia  Council,  Southern  Council,  and  New  York  Council 


Digitized  by 


Google 


106  THE   OUTLOOK 

WEEKLY  OUTLINE  STUDY  OF 
CURRENT  HISTORY 

BY   J.   MADISON   GATHANY,  A.M. 

HOPB  STREET  HIGH  SCHOOL.  PROVIOBNCK,  M.  L 

Bated  on  The  Outlook  of  September  11, 1918 

BMsh  WMkan  OatUne  Study  o(  Garraat  £Biitof7  baaed  on  the  preoedtng  number  of  The  Ontleak  will 
be  printed  for  the  benefit  of  oorrent  erente  olaewa,  debating  elabe,  teaofaers  of  hiatory  and  of  Bngjiah,  and 
the  like,  and  for  on  in  the  home  and  by  nidi  indiridaal  raadere  aa  may  deaii*  aoggeationa  in  the  •arion* 
atody  of  eniveBt  hiatory.— Tbx  BonoBS. 


[Thoae  who  aie  naing  the  weekly  ontline  ahonld 
not  attempt  to  cover  the  whole  of  an  ontline  in  any 
one  leason  or  stady.  Assign  for  one  leesop  selected 
qaestions,  one  or  two  propositions  for  disooasion,  and 
only  snch  words  as  are  f  oond  in  the  material  aasigiied. 
Or  distribate  selected  questions  among  diSereat 
members  of  the  cbus  or  groap  and  haTe  them 
report  their  findings  to  all  when  assembled.  Then 
have  all  disooas  the  qnestions  tomther.] 

I — nrrKBNATIONAI.  AFPATBS 

Topic .-  The  Battle  of  Ch&teau  Thierry ;  A 

Just  Peace. 
Eeferenee:  Pages  51-53;  editorial,  page 

45. 
Questions: 

Note. — Bead  the  references' in  the  order 
BUgrgested.  1.  On  page  51  Dr.  Odell  says 
that  "  the  Marne  has  proved  [italics  mine! 
to  be  the  River  of  Death  to  Kaiserism. 
Should  he  sav  "  has  proved  "  ?  Explain  the 
meaning  of  tne  figure  of  speech  he  uses  in 
these  quoted  words.  2.  Do  you  think  it  is 
right  for  Americans  to  differentiate  "  be- 
tween the  German  military  caste  and  the 
German  people"?  The  Outlook  and  Dr. 
Odell  do  not.  Discuss.  3.  How,  according 
to  Dr.  Odell,  do  the  Allied  nations  feel 
towards  Germany  ?  How  account  for  the 
difference?  4.  Give  several  reasons  why 
the  Allied  nations  do  not  teach  their  peo- 
ple to  hate  the  Germans.  Germany  teaches 
all  Germans  to  hate  tbe  Allied  peoples. 
5.  Describe  tlie  spirit  of  the  Allied  solaiers 
and  the  conditions  at  the  front  as  shown  by 
this  article  of  Dr.  Odell's.  6.  Give,  with 
reasons,  your  opinion  of  the  war  work  of 
the  Y.  M.  C>  A.  and  the  function  of  tliat 
institution.  7.  What  lessons  do  yon  see  in 
Dr.  Odell's  article  for  Americans  who 
remain  at  home  ?  &  The  Outlook  does  not 
believe  (page  45)  in  a  negotiated  peace 
nor  in  a  "  trading  basis "  of  peace  with 
Germany.  Tell  why  you  believe  The 
Outlook  does  or  does  not  reason  soundly. 
9.  Would  you  be  willing  to  have  this  war 
end  at  once  if  Germany  would  but  change 
lier  form  of  government  ?  Several  reasons 
should  be  given.  10.  Can  you  give  not  less 
tiian  four  reasons  why  now  is  the  psycho- 
logical moment  to  press  forward  the  prose- 
cution of  the  war  ?  11.  Read  a  book  valu- 
able to  every  one :  "  Stakes  of  the  War," 
by  Stoddard  and  Frank  (Century). 

II— NATIONAL  AFFAIBS 

A.  Topic:  Some  State    Primaries;    the 

Ambassador  to  Great  Britain. 
Reference  :  Pi^es  41,  42. 
Questions: 

Note. — ^These  topics  should  be  made  the 
basis  of  a  study  ot  certain  political  party 
matters.  1.  What  is  a  State  primary?  Dis- 
tinguish between  it  and  the  caucus,  between 
it  and  the  delegate  convention.  Explain 
the  "  open  primary."  What  is  your  opinion 
of  it  ?  2.  In  how  many  States  is  the  direct 
primary  method  used  ?   Explain  how  the 


direct  primary  came  into  existence.  3. 
Have  such  radical  methods  as  the  initia- 
tive, the  referendum,  the  recall,  and  the 
direct  primary  pToved  themselves  to  be 
more  in  the  interest  of  good  government 
than  the  old  methods  of  party  government  ? 
More  than  a  mere  personal  opinion  is  called 
for .  in  this  answer.  4  Do  you  think  the 
Republicans  of  Michigan  wise  in  rejecting 
Mr.  Ford  as  their  candidate  for  United 
States  Senator.  Reasons.  5.  The  Outlook 
tiiinks  Miss  Rankin  is  and  should  be  per- 
manentiy  retired  from  politics.  Discuss 
The  Outiook's  opinion.  &  It  is  said  that 
the  women  voters  of  Montana  are  responsi- 
ble for  Miss  Rankin's  defeat  Is  this  the 
strongest  of  arguments  for  universal  or 
equal  suffrage  ?  7.  How  do  American  Am- 
bassadors secure  their  positions  ?  Give  rea- 
sons why  they  shoula  or  should  not  be 
elected  by  popular  vote.  8.  Name  a  suc- 
cessor to  Ambassador  Pi^e.  Give  reasons 
for  your  selection.  9.  Consult  any  modem 
civil  government  text-book,  and  own  two 
very  valuable  books,  "Politician,  Party, 
and  People,"  by  H.  C.  Emery,  and  "  Popu- 
lar Government,"  bv  W.  H.  Taft  (both 
published  by  tiie  Yale  University  Press). 

B.  Topic :  The  articles  on  Education. 
Reference  :  Pages  54-65. 
Questions  : 

1.  For  wliat  reasons  should  the  accounts 
of  Superintendent  Sinims,  Mr.  Potter,  and 
Mr.  Wilson  be  inspiring  to  our  own 
wounded  men  and  to  those  who  will  have 
charge  of  their  education  ?  2.  Do  you  tiiink 
every  unfortunate  person  could  come  to 
view  this  world  as  "  a  very  cheerful  place  "  ? 
Illustrate  liberally  and  dfiscuss.  3.  Discuss 
the  value  of  the  study  of  history.  4.  Tell 
what  you  would  say  to  a  foreigner  in  ex- 
plaining to  him  what  the  American  Repub- 
lic is.  4.  Discuss:  "The  fatal  defect  of 
our  education  is  its  superficiality.  We  teach 
notiiing  thoroughly." 

Ill — PBOP08ITIONS  FOB  DISCUSSION 
(These  propositions  are  suggested  directly  or  indi- 
rectly by  the  subject-matter  of  The  Outlook,  but 
not  discussed  in  it.) 

1.  Democracy  is  still  chiefly  an  aspira- 
tion. 2.  Democracy  is  the  extension  of 
privileges.  3.  Originality  is  not  allowed  to 
develop  in  our  system  oi  education. 

IV — VOCABULAKI   BUILDINO 

(All  of  the  following  words  and  expressions  are 
found  in  The  Oatlook  for  (September  11, 1918.  Both 
before  and  after  looking  them  up  in  the  dictionary 
or  elsewhere,  give  their  meaning  in  pour  own  words. 
The  figures  in  parentheses  refer  to  pages  on  which 
the  words  may  be  foond.) 

Nomination,  candidate,  majority,  repu- 
tation, Ambassador  (41)  ;  brigands,  mega- 
lomania, obsessed,  g^ainsaid  (4o) ;  refugees, 
peasants  (55)  ;  motivation,  history  ^)  ; 
common  man,  vocabulary  (59). 


A  booklet  tuggesting  methods  qf  using  the  Weekly  Outline  of  Current  History  will  be  sent  on  application 


4§[^5eptenlKr 

THE    STORY    OF 
FIREARMS 

PART   II 

TIE  development  of  modem  fireamu 
had  a  very  direct  bearing  upon  the 
exploring  and  opening  to  eivuizadog 
of  the  North  Amencan  continent. 
The  early  American  colonists  were  sai>- 
jected  to  great  dangers  and  privations,  auJ 
were  forced  to  depend  greatly  on  thfir 
flintlocks  not  only  tor  food  but  as  a  pro- 
tection against  the  ever-imminent  attacks 
of  the  In£anB.  Whether  the  settlers  landei 
on  the  stem  and  rock-boond  coast  of  Nev 
England,  the  rolling  ooimtry  of  the  Poti^ 
mac,  or  the  bayous  of  the  South,  they  were 
exposed  to  the  same  difficulties  and  dan- 
gers. The  wily  savaee  lurked  in  the  mr- 
roundine  forests  to  fell  with  his  bow  in! 
arrow  the  settler  who  dared  to  strayfar 
from  the  protection  of  his  log  cabin.  vTik 
beasts  abounded  ready  to  poonce  upon  tW 
lone  traveler.  The  colonist  must  tfaerefuv 
have  his  8[an  always  ready  at  hand  and  be 
adept  in  its  use,  for  on  it  his  life  ofta 
depended. 

The  colonists  often  had  to  make  their 
own  guns,  and  miglity  good  ones  they  wer« 
too,  if  we  can  believe  the  stories  of  their 
expertness  and  marksmanship.  The  bioir 
derbnss  was  the  standby  of  these  fine 
settiers.  These  wei-e  of  peculiar  desigi;. 
with  bell-nosed  barrels  for  the  purpose  i-t 
scattering  the  charge.  From  these  oM 
weapons  it  was  customary  to  dischai?? 
missiles  of  all  kinds,  but  more  especialK 
slugs  of  lead  or  iron.  Captain  John  Sniitli. 
of  Pocahontas  fame,  was  armed  with  Wf 
of  these  weapons  when  he  was  pursued  tcd 
captured  by  Powhatan's  warriors.  Smith'j 
companions,  overpowered  by  the  Indiac- 
earlier  in  the  day,  had  already  been  cap- 
tured and  put  to  death.  From  the  captmr. 
party  the  Indians  obtained  some  gm.- 
powder  which  they  brought  to  Smith,  t*l!- 
m?  him  that  they  intended  to  plant  it  i: 
oraer  to  "  discover  the  nature  of  the  se«d.' 
The  blunderbuss  was  the  weapon  a.'«c-l 
by  the  great  Frenchman  Chainplain,  wk' 
founde<r  Quebec  and  afterward  disco  ver«v 
the  lake  which  bears  his  name. 

Inasmuch  as  tiie  American  settlers  weit 
so  dependent  upon  their  guns,  they  wtrc 
quick  °  to  adopt  any  improvements  whirl 
would  give  greater  range  and  accuracy.  AJ 
the  earlier  muskets  were  smooth-bore  aiK 
were  loaded  with  round  bullets.  The  bon 
was  larger  than  tlie  bullet,  which  rolled  i:i 
the  barrel  when  fired,  and  was  thiut  grifn 
an  "  english "  which  caused  Uie  bullet  t« 
curve  in  its  flight,  and  thus  the  euii  w&^ 
very  inaccurate  at  an^  distance.  An  earii 
English  army  officer  is  said  to  have  statri 
that  he  felt  perfectly  safe  when  fired  upoi 
at  a  distance  of  over  eighty  yards,  provide! 
the  gun  was  ainie<l  directiy  at  hini.  TIh 
American  guninakers,  therefore,  were  qnicl 
to  see  the  advantages  of  the  rifle,  which  \a" 
not  yet  come  into  common  use  in  £uropr 
although  the  rifling  principle  had  been  ir 
ventea  as  early  as  1520.  In  a  rifle  the  insiJ* 
of  the  barrel    is  grooved,  giving    the  pro 

C^ile  a  rotating  motion  before  feaving  th 
rel.  This  rotatine'  motion  lessens  tiii 
tendency  of  tiie  bullet  to  depart  from  i 
straight  line,  and  also  in  a  measure  ov«r 
comes  atmospheric  resistance.  The  colonL'°-< 
developed  a  long  flintlock  mozzle-losdiK 
rifle.  This  was  rendered  still  more  effective 
by  the  use  of  a  "  patch."  The  patch  yrnf ' 
piece  of  linen  soaked  in  oil  which  was  lai'l 
over  the  mu7.7.1e  and  the  bullet  then  i>larf- 
over  it  and  rammed  down  into  the  bam  ■ 


Digitized  by  VJ\^»^V  IV^ 


918 


THE  OUTLOOK 


107 


^'1^ 


How  to  heat  a  church 

A  new  system  that  abolishes  useless  waste 


LIKE  a  business-building,  a  church's 
idle  hours  far  outnumber  its  working 
ones. 

Only  some  of  its  rooms  are  used  part  of 
the  time  but  the  heating  system — big  enough 
for  the  whole  building — must  nevertheless 
be  used  for  these  two  or  three  rooms.  Think 
what  a  waste  of  precious  heat,  of  precious 
coal,  this  means,  even  if  all  the  other  rooms 
are  cut  off.  Think  how  many  homes  could 
be  kept  warm  and  comfortable,  with  the 
fuel  thus  wasted. 

It  is  time  this  waste  was  stopped.     It  is 


nation's  homes  of   sorely  needed   fuel. 

Grinnell  Ready-Heat  is  the  ideal  heating 
system  for  churches.  It  heats  just  the  rooms 
you  need — and  no  more.  It  heats  them 
for  just  as  long  as  they  are  needed — and 
no  longer. 

On  Sundays  the  whole  church  is  thoroughly 
warmed,  but  ad  soon  as  the  congregation 
has  dispersed  the  heat  is  turned  off.  All 
fuel  expense  immediately  ceases.  Quite 
different  from  shutting  off  a  furnace  half 
full  of  good  coal.  On  week-days,  when 
perhaps  one  or  two  parlors  or  classrooms 


depriving  the  nation's  industries  and  die     are  in  use  for  a  few  hours,  Grinnell  Ready- 
Heat  will  'Warm   just  these 


How  to  Reduce  Your  Church 
Heating  Bills 

Grinnell  Ready-Heat  combine*  the 
best  known  principle*  of  CAS-keating 
•nd  otnttlaUon.  It  wann*  and  keep*  the 
air  pure  at  the  aame  time.  It  operate* 
through  independent  raJtahn,  which 
are  automatically  turned  on  or  off  a* 
heating  need*  require.  It  co*ta  le**  to 
inatall  and  le**  to  operate  than  any  other 
equally  iffident  heating  lystem. 

It  ia  a  new  and  different  ajratem.  No 
other  gas-heating  *y*tem  offer*  so  many 
advantage*  at  *o  *niall  a  co*L  The 
aaving*  and  added  comfort  of  one  year 
alone  will  amply  ju*tify  you  in  replacing 
your  preaent  co*tly,  waateful  coal-heater 
with  Ready-Heat 


HOUR*  FIK  WtCR 

1S8 


Heat  off 

andnoftiel 

wasted 


AdUrmt* 


Tbe  General  Fire  Extingnither  Co. 


GRINNELL 

lEADY  HEAT 
lDIATORS 


rooms  and  no  others. 
The  Pastor's  House 

The  pa*tor'*  residence  and  all  out- 
lying buildihg*  can  be  made  part  of  die 
aame  system.  It  needs  no  experienced 
janitor.  It  takes  up  no  room.  It  leaves 
the  basement  frae  forodter  purpose*. 

Ask  Your  Gas  Company 

Your  Ga*  Company  will  be  able  to 
explain  to  jrou  the  advantage*  of  Crin> 
nell  Ready-Heat  or  if  you  prefer  to 
write  to  u*  for  fuller  informarion,  pleaae 
addre**  below.  If  you  tell  us  the  num- 
ber and  *ize  of  your  room*,  we  will 
gladly  prepare  a  preliminary  eatimate, 
free  of  coat  or  obligatioB. 


289  W.  Exehaaf*  Straat, 
PROVIDENCE.  R.  L 


''D7g?tize'dl3y'v!^^ 


108 


THE  OUTLOOK 


18  SeptemLcr 


The  greatest 
I^ctbojr  Sctv^er  for 
OI.I>  or  NEW  Hornet 


Scarcity  of  help  brings  the  house- 
wife face  to  face  with  doing  her 
own  housework.  Homes  and  other 
buildings  must  be  kept  as  clean  as 
when  help  was  plentiful.  This  is 
easily  done  at  a  great  saving  of 
time  and  labor  with  an 


Vacuum  Cleaner 


Ten  minutes'  work  with  an  ARCO 
WAND  .does  more  real  cleaning 
than  an  hour  with  duster,  brooms, 
and  cloths.  Buying  an  ARCO 
WAND  is  a  wise  and  profitable  in- 
vestment for  a  fundamental  need. 

'BtaHy  put  in  old  or  new  hornet,  apart- 
ments, hoapitals,  factoriea,  hotda,  etc.,  and 
will  outlast  the  building.  Coets  about  a 
penny  a  day  to  run  and  sold  by  dealer*  on 
easy  payments. 

Sand  for  eataJog  "Tba  Area 
Wand"  ahowing  what  it  wUl 
do,  and  why  it  is  •  war-ttma 
domestic  laber-aaTing  nacas" 
sity. 

Aw^i(Ml^ijmiRr](MPj»nr 

Dcpw  tmcnt  0*S 
816-832  Sooth  Mirhifn  Ave.  Chlcaco 

tlakmeftht  wmUrJamout  IDEAL  Soften 
«ntf  AJUMKICAN  RadivUin 


The  Story  of  Firearms  (Continued) 

The  patch  acted  as  a  lubricant  and  also 
held  me  charge  finnly  in  place.  The  barrels 
of  these  rifles  were  often  as  much  as  six 
feet  long  and  they  had  an  accurate  range 
up  to  one  hundred  yards.  The  astounding 
accuracy  obtained  by  the  pioneers  with 
these  nfles  has  been  most  interestingly 
described  by  James  Fenimore  Cooper  in 
his  "  Leatherstocking  Tales."  It  is  said  ttiat 
much  of  the  success  of  Uie  Americans 
against  the  English  troops  in  the  Revolu- 
tionary War  was  due  to  the  fact  tliat  they 
were  armed  with  their  long-barreled  hunt- 
ing rifles,  with  which  they  could  bring  down 
a  squirrel  from  the  tallest  tree,  whde  the 
English  were  armed  with  the  old  smooth- 
bore muskets. 

But  still  another  great  change  was  to 
come  in  the  manufacture  of  firearms  with 
the  invention  of  the  percugsiou  system.  The 
objections  to  the  fhntlock  were  that  it  did 
not  entirely  preserve  the  priming  from  wet, 
and  that  the  flint  sparks  sometimes  failed 
to  ignite  the  charge.  In  1807  a  Scotch 
clergyman,  the  Rev.  Alexander  John 
Forsythe,  obtained  a  patent  for  priming 
with  a  fulminating  powder  which  exploded 
by  concussion.  This  iiiiportant  improve- 
ment was  not  recognized  and  adopted  by 


the  English  military  authorities  until  more 
than  thirty  years  later.  In  the  meantime  it 
was  gradually  developed  and  the  copper 
percussion  cap  invented.  It  was  not  until 
the  introduction  of  the  copper  cap  that  the 
percussion  gun  could  be  considered  in  every 
way  superior  to  tlie  flint. 

The  old  flintlock  guns  were  muzzle- 
loaders.  Even  after  the  percussion  system 
came  into  general  use  for  both  rifles  and 
shotguns,  Uie  muzzle-loading  principle 
was  still  employed.  Many  attempts  had 
been  made  to  bring  out  a  gun  with  oreech- 
loading  mechanism,  but  none  were  success- 
ful because  of  die  escape  of  gas  at  the 
opening  in  the  breech  wnen  the  gun  was 
tired,  which  occasioned  a  serious  loss  of 
power.  The  development  of  an  expansive 
cartridge  case  containing  its  own  means  of 
ignition  effectually  solved  this  difficulty  and 
brought  about  the  general  adoption  of  the 
breech-loading  principle. 

Cartridges  were  probably  invented  by  the 
French,  who  used  to  wrap  up  powder  and 
bullet  in  paper  to  enable  the  soloiers  to  load 
quickly  and  dispense  with  the  cumbrous 
powder-horn.  Cartridges  are  first  men- 
tioned in  England  alMok  1777.  Military 
cartridges  were  tie<I  around  with  tape  and 
the  end  that  contained  the  powder  nad  to 


be  bitten  off  before  loading.   The  pi^ 
then  served  as  a  wad  or  paten. 

In  1836  Lefaucheux  produced  a  cartridge 
and  a  breech-loading  gun.  The  cartridet 
contained  within  itself  all  the  requisites  for 
the  gun's  discharge.  From  this  dates  the 
success  of  the  modem  breech-loading  rifle 
and  shotgun.  The  earliest  efficient  modem 
cartridge  case  was  the  pin-fire,  patenteti  by 
Houiller,  a  Paris  gimsmith,  in  1847,  with 
a  tliin,  weak  shell  which  expanded  by  flie 
force  of  the  explosion,  fitted  perfectly  into 
the  barrel,  and  thus  formed  an  efficient  gas 
check.  The  central-fire  cartridge,  pnu-ti- 
cally  as  now  in  use,  was  introdaced  into 
England  in  1861  by  Daw. 

Ever  since  the  ingenuity  of  the  earlj 
settlers  devised  the  long-barreled  ri& 
America  has  played  a  leading  part  in  gwi 
manufacturing.  In  1798  contracts  were 
awarded  by  George  Washington  for  the 
manufacture  of  rifles  at  Harpei^s  Ferrr. 
This  arsenal  continued  to  turn  oat  rifles 
and  pistols  for  the  Government  up  to  the 
Civil  War.  In  1842  the  first  Americu 
percussion  rifles  were  niaile  at  this  arsenal 

The  idea  of  making  guns  with  inter- 
changeable parts  by  machinery  was  fint 
worked  out  m  America.  About  1797  £fi 
Whitney  secured  a  contract  for  10.0IX). 
arms,  which  he  manufactured  entirely  bj 
stamping  and  applying  machinery  to  the 
shapmg  and  finishing  of  the  several  parts. 
He  also  introduced  the  system  of  gauges, 
by  which  nniformiw  of  constmetion  is  in- 
sured for  parts  maue  after  the  same  modd. 

John  H.  Hall,  of  Harper's  Fernr,  wu 
the  next  to  improve  the  system.  In  1812  he 
wrote  to  the  United  States  Government, 
laying  particular  stress  upon  his  phui  of 
making  guns.  He  says :  "  Every  sunilar 
part  of  my  gtm  is  so  much  alike  that  it  wiQ 
suit  every  other  gun."  This  qratem  of 
interchangeable  parts  was  first  applied  to 
Government  service  by  Hall  in  1818,  and 
the  Harper's  Ferry  guns  occujiy  a  prtHui- 
nent  place  in  our  ear^'  history. 

Samuel  Colt  produced  and  patented  the 
first  practical  revolver  in  183o.  This  be- 
came a  very  papular  weapon  with  armj 
ofiicers,  and  was  first  used  extensively  in 
the  Seminole  War  in  Florida  and  other 
Indian  wars.  It  was  also  use<l  by  British 
oflicers  during  the  Crimean  War  and  the 
Indian  Mutiny. 

At  the  outbreak  of  the  Mexican  War  the 
United  States  troops  were  e<iuipped  with 
Shai-p's  breech-loading  cai'bine,  which 
could  be  fired  ten  times  per  minute.  Tbii 
gun  was  used  with  great  success  againut 
uie  Mexicans  and  later  in  tlie  Civil  War. 
During  the  Civil  War  over  sixty  different 
kindH  of  carbines  were  developed.  In  1849 
Jennings  developed  tlie  forerunner  of  the 
repeating  rifle,  and  in  1851  Smith  & 
Wesson  brought  out  the  repeating  pistol 
Smith  &  Wesson  were  also  tlie  first  to  pro- 
duce the  copper  cartridge  for  revolvers. 
The  Spencer  carbine  apiiears  to  be  the 
first  succeMsful  repeating  rifle  and  was  pat- 
ented in  1860.  In  this  iifle  the  magazine  a 
in  the  butt.  It  could  be  fired  seven  timet 
In  ten  seconds,  and  was  used  in  the  Civil 
War  witii  great  success. 

One  of  the  earliest  and  most  saccessfol 
American  gunmakers  was  Eliphalet  Rem- 
ington. Eliplialet  wante<l  a  gun  to  go  hunt- 
ing with,  and,  as  his  father  refused  to  buy 
him  one,  he  decided  to  make  his  own.  He 
hammered  out  a  g^n  barrel  from  scrap 
iron,  walked  fifteen  miles  to  Utica  to  liave 
it  rifled,  and  finally  had  a  weaiion  of  which 
he  might  well  be  proud.  The  gun  was  s* 
good  that  soon  the  neighbors  ordered 
others  like  it,  and  soon  the  Remington 
Digitized  by  Vn^^^^V  IV^ 


918 


THE   OUTLOOK 


109 


The  Story  <ifFirearnu  (CWtmwrf) 
:orge  wm  hard  at  work  to  meet  the  de- 
iiand.  The  result  was  the  establishment 
)f  the  first  Remington  plant  at  Ilion,  New 
Vork.  The  Remington  rifle  became  noted 
Ft>r  its  rapidity  of  loading  and  firing.  It 
lias  been  extensively  nsed  by  the  American, 
French,  Danish,  and  Italian  Governments. 
Following  the  Spencer  carbine  came  the 
Henry  repeating  rifle,  which  contained 
fifteen  cIuuvm  under  the  whole  length  of 
the  barrel.  This  was  improved  upon  and 
superseded  by  the  Winchester  repeating 
rifle.  In  this  rifle  the  magazine  is  a  tube 
containing  the  cartridges  placed  under  the 
barrel  and  protected  by  the  wood  fore 
end  of  the  stock.  The  magazine  can  always 
be  replenished  at  the  breech  end  without 
changing  the  normal  condition  of  the  gun. 
The  Winchester  model  73  was  a  very  fa- 
mous gun  used  in  much  of  the  Indian  fight- 
ing of  the  late  TO's.  The  Winchester  model 
(Hi  was  used  by  the  Turks  in  the  Battle  of 
Plevna,  and  led  to  the  development  of  the 
repeating  rifle  by  European  ex])ert8. 

The  Hotchkiss  magazine  gun  is  a  modi- 
fication of  the  Winchester,  and  was  first 
shown  at  the  Centennial  Exhibition  in  1876. 
'Vhe  magazine  is  in  the  butt  and  will  con- 
tain five  cartridges. 

Both  the  Lee  and  the  Krag  were  used  in 
the  Spanish  War,  and  in  19w  the  Spring- 
field rifle  was  developed.  Upon  our  en- 
trance into  the  Euro]>ean  war  tlie  Browning 
frun  was  adopted  by  the  United  States  Gov- 
ernment. Tne  Winchester  autonwtic  rifle 
fires  and  ejects  the  shell  by  merely  pressing 
the  trigger.  It  can  fire  from  four  to  twenty 
Khots  before  reloading. 

'Hie  shotgun  wasdeveloi>ed  coincidentally 
with  the  rifle  and  is  the  favorite  weapon  of 
sjmrtsmen  for  small  game.  Repeatmg  or 
magazine  shotgims  are  made  on  tlie  same 
principle  as  tlie  repeating  rifle  with  a  maga- 
zine below  the  barrel.  In  the  liammerless 
gun  the  whole  igniting  mechanism  is  out  of 
sight,  the  hammer  bemg  pUced  within  the 
gun. 

It  will  be  reinembere<I  tliat  the  early 
blunderbuss  had  a  bell-shaped  muzzle,  with 
the  idea  of  scattering  the  shot.  The  modem 
shotgun  is  built  on  exactly  the  reverse 
principle,  known  as  the  "  choke-bore."  This 
appears  to  have  originated  with  the  early 
Spanish  gumiiakers.  In  an  old  work  on 
gumiery,  "  La  Chasse  au  Fusil,"  it  is 
assertea  tliat  in  order  to  throw  the  shot 
more  closelv  the  caliber  should  be  narrower 
at  the  middle  than  at  eitlier  breech  or 
muzzle ;  wliile  others  insisted  that  tlie  cal- 
iber must  contract  gradually  from  breech 
to  muzzle. 

In  an  interesting  work  upon  "  American 
WiW  Fowl  Shooting,"  b^  J.  W.  Long,  the 
writer  says :  "  Since  the  invention  or  per- 
cussion locks  no  improvement  in  the  con- 
struction of  shotguns,  or  fowling-pieces,  as 
they  were  then  calleid,  has  ever  appeared 
so  truly  valuable  to  sportsmen  as  that  pecu- 
liar formation  of  bore  known  as  the '  chcke,' 
bv  which  the  divergence  of  the  pellets  of  a 
ehar^  of  shot  in  their  flight  is  greatly 
modified  and  controlled.  I  need  onlv  men- 
tion the  bust  that  by  its  use  the  effective 
range  of  a  gun  may  be  greatiy  increased, 
in  many  cases  fully  doubled,  and  its  cUim 
to  pre-eminence  is  fully  establishecL" 
As  the  popular  interest  in  the  gun  for 

Xrt  has  mcreased,  many  clubs  for  trap- 
oting  have  been  organized.  The  origin 
of  trap-shooting  may  be  traced  to  the 
ancient  pastime   of   popinjay  shooting,  a 

Suite  practiced  by  the  ancient  Greeks  and 
le  t-xpert  bowmen  of  inediieval    times. 
The  |M>pinjay  was  a  stuffed  parrot  or  fowl 


Tne  pen  that 

taught  the 
writing  "world 

a  habit 


'0, 


'Ti 


'-(/. 


vee 

lypes: 

llf  Fillina, 
Safety^ 


ajic 


Regul 


ar 


Everywhere 


'^ 


THE  Fountain  Pen  Hubit  Uiuk 
hold  with  the  perfection  of 
Waterman's  Ideal.  It  devel- 
oped with  the  geuenil  knowledge 
of  the  jjeu's  succean.  Today  it  is  a 
universal  habit.  With  people  who 
liave  iiwd  \Vatenuau'ii  Ideal  there 
is  no  substitute.  Quality,  merit  and 
usefulness  have  eaniefl  for  it  the 
lijjht  to  be  aske<l  for  and  purcluused 
by  name — W^ateniian's  Ideal. 

For  over  thirty-five  years  this 
pen  has  made  all  writing  and 
clerical  work  easier  to  accomplish, 
with  a  ^reat  saving  of  time  and 
materials. 

W,aterman'8  Ideal  today  is  the 
one  little  tool  that  is  keeping;  the 
home  and  its  absent  ones  in  (Con- 
stant touch.  It  is  helping  to  do 
the  work  that  is  falling  U[m)u  the 
depleted  home  forces. 

Select  a  Waterman's  Ideal  that 
is  iU3curately  suited  to  your  hand 
and  character  of  writing  and  it  will 
serve  you  well  for  many  years.  Tlu* 
makers  are  interested  in  the  suc- 
cess of  every  pen  wherever  it  goes 
and  as  long  as  it  lasts. 

■f2.5n.  fi.OO.  $5.00  ,iml  up 


Sold  At  Best  Stores 

E.  Waterman  Co.,  191  Broadwnr,  Now  York 

t  Sdiool  S<,  B<Mt<ra  II)  So.  Cbrk  3l..  Clucagn  17  SlockJM  Si,  Su  Fraoct 

179  Sl  J>iiio  Su  MooumI  41  Ktn«>w«y.  Uodan.  W  C  6  Ruo  Maui«>7.'  PMa 


placed  upon  the  top  of  a  pole  and  used  as 
a  target.  In  some  instances  a  living  bird 
was  used,  a  certain  amount  of  Uberty  oeing 
g^ven  it  by  the  length  of  cord  used  to 
secure  it  to  the  pole.  Homer  in  the  Iliad 
mentions  popinjay  shooting,  a  dove  being 
file  mark  and  prizes  being  given. 

Many  vears  before  it  became  a  fashion- 
able pastime  pigeon  shooting  was  practiced 
by  the  frequenters  of  low  public  nouses  in 
the  EngliHn  towns,  and  later  it  was  taken 
up  by  English  noblemen  and  numerous 
clubs  wei-e  fonned. 

In  this  country  clay  pigeons  are  used, 
which  are  releasetl  from  a  trap  by  a  spring 
and  fly  away  from  the  marksman  like  a 
live  bird. 

There  is  a  widespread  movement  on  foot 
in  this  country  to  teach  the  growing  boy  to 
handle  a  gun.  For  this  purpose  the  .22- 
caliber  rifle  is  produced  by  several  gun- 
makers.  It  is  our  belief  that  every  boy 
should  have  a  knowledge  of  firearms  and 
their  proper  and  sportsmanlike  use.  In  a 
recent  article  in  The  Outlook  entitled 
"The  Gun  as  a  Weapon  of  Education," 
the  value  of  the  gun  in  developing  charac- 


ter,    self-reliance,     and     manliness     was 
charmingly  described. 

Since  our  entrance  into  the  great  war  we 
Iiave  learned  much.  We  have  seen  the  folly 
of  mipreparedness  and  the  necessity  for 
universal  military  training.  Events  have 
shown  us  that  knowledge  of  the  gun  is  as 
important  to-day  as  when  our  forefathers 
dejiended  upon  tlieir  trusty  rifles  for  pro- 
tection from  tlie  redskin  and  the  wild  ani- 
mals of  the  forest.  Let  us  trust  tliat  Amer- 
ica has  learned  the  lesson  well,  and  let  the 
gun  be  truly  a  "  weapon  of  education  "  for 
every  Ameiican  boy  who  sliall  be  taught 
the  great  lessons  of  self-reliance,  sports- 
maiisliip,  courage,  and  true  love  of  countri-. 

.'liNon|7  olhrr  tourcrt  vr  are  indrbird  to  thefoUoK- 
ingfor  it\formatioH  embodied  in  thit  article : 

The  Winchester  Repeatimj  Arms  Co. 

The  Remington  Armt  Union  Metatlie  Cartridge  Cv. 

Colt't  Patent  Firearm*  Co. 

"  The  Gun  and  If  Development,"  b»  W.  W. 
Greener. 

Artida  in  "  Tht  American  Shooter." 

Esrly  next  year  it  is  propoaed  to  diaonas  in  two 
■epuitte  articles  the  history  «f  the  revolver  and  the 
development  of  the  hicli-powend  rifle  and  machine 
gun  brought  about  sinoe  the  beginning  of  the  war. 


Digitized  by  VJWVJV  l^ 


110 


THE   OUTLOOK 


18  September 


THE  OUTLOOK  CLASSIFIED  ADVERTISING  SECTION 

Advertisins  rate* :  Hotels  and  Rcaorti,  ApartmenU,  Toon  and  Ttsrel,  Real  Estate,  Lire  Stock  and  Poultry,  fifty  eenU  per  agate  Use, 
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line  unless  display  type  is  desired. 

"  Want "  adrertisements,  under  the  various  headings,  "  Board  and  Rooms,"  "  Help  Wanted,"  etc.,  ten  cents  for  saoh  mnd  or  initial,  IncHndln^ 
tb6  address,  for  each  insertion.  The  first  word  of  each  "  Want "  advertisement  is  set  in  capital  letters  without  additional  charge.  Other  words 
may  be  set  in  capitals,  if  desired,  at  doable  rates.  If  answers  are  to  be  addressed  in  care  of  The  Outlook,  twenty-five  oenta  is  charged  for  the  box 
number  named  in  the  advertisement.  Replies  will  be  forwarded  by  us  to  the  advertiser  and  bill  for  postage  rendered.  Special  headings  appropriate  to 
the  department  may  be  arranged  for  on  application. 

Orders  and  copy  for  Classified  Adrertisements  most  be  received  with  remittance  ten  days  bafon  the  date  of  issue  when  it  is  intended  the  adverdae- 
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Address :  ADVERTISING  DEPARTMENT,  THE  OUTLOOK,  381  FOURTH  AVENUE,  NEW  YORK  CITY 


Apartments 


WANTFn  In  New  York  City, 
nAniCU  fp„m  Kbont  the  mid- 
dle of  October  for  A  or  6  uiiinths, 

s  uodetate-priced  (urulshed  anirtment  (for 
3  sdulU)  of  4  or  A  rooDU,  kltcTusn  uid  bath. 
Tbe  udfhborhood  of  Wuhmgtou  Sqiuue  or 
Qramercy  Pmrk  prefeiTod.  9,067,  Outlook. 


Hotels  and  Resorts 

MASSACHUSETTS 


HOTEL  PURITAN 

Commonwealth  Ave.  Beaton 

THE  DISTINCTIVE  BOSTON  HOUSt 

Globe  Trotlers  call  Ihe  Puritan  one  of 

Ihc  tnosl  homelike  hotcU  in  theworltL 

Your  inqiiirie.i  qladly  an^wcrrtl 

Ol-CoitfUo-nqt      end   our  booKkt   mdiied    -a-" 


If  Yon  An  Tired  or  Not  Feeint  Well 

you  caiinot  &iid  a  more  comfortable  plaoe  in 
New  Bngluid  than 

THE  WELDON  HOTEL 

GREENFIELD,  MASS. 

It  sIfordB  All  the  comforts  of  home  without 

cztrancaooo. 


NEW    YORK 


/~1  OLDTHWAITE  INN  and  COT- 
lir  TAOES.  on  GREAT  SOIJTH 
BAT,  BELLPORT.  L.  I.  Uoyd 
Cottage  ODon  all  year.  Ideal  weather  on 
Long  ivana  BeptemDer,  October,  and  Novem- 
ber.  Oolf,  tennis,  sailing,  bathing,  motoring. 


Philipse  Manor  Inn 

Directly  on  the  Hudson  River,  at 
Philipse  Manor,  North  Tarrytown 

View  nnimrpannni — autumn  moat  attractive 
aeaaon  of  all   Motoring,  trmmpinie— eaay  com- 
muting. Fall  and  winter  rates  by  day  or  week. 
Telephone,  Tarrytown  176. 

^NEW   YORK   CITY 


H0tel  Le  Marquis 

31i^  StTMt  &  Fifth  Avenu* 

New  York 

CombtaMB  svscy  eou»eni«nee  and  hoMa 
comfort,  sad  commends  Itself  to  people  of 
reflnsmeot  wishing  to  live  on  Amancan  Plan 
aod  be  within  easy  reach  of  social  and  dra- 
matic centers. 

Room  and  bath  t>M  par  day  with  meals,  or 
tl.m  per  day  witbout  meala. 

IlhistiBted  Booklet  gkuilv  seat  udod 
requeat.  JOHN  P.  TOLSOIT 

HOTEL  JUDSON  '^TH^lSS' 

adJoiuiug  Judaoo  Memorial  Church.  Rooms 
with  and  without  batli.  Rates  S3.M  par  day, 
inoliidtaic  meals.  Special  rates  for  two  weeks 
or  more.  Location  very  central.  Convenient 
to  sll  elevated  and  etreet  car  lines. 

STOP  AT 

HOTEL  BOSSERT 

on  aristocimtic  BrooklTii  Hei^U 
and  enioy  the  advantages  of 

THE  MARINE  ROOF 

the  moat  famous  roof  in  America.  Dine  IM 
feet  in  the  air.  with  a  panographic  view  at 
New  York  Harbor  stretching  baore  you  for 
a  diatanoe  of  10  milea.  Dancing  If  yon  like. 

Write  for  booklet  B. 
Heatagaa,  Hicka,  sal  lamtM  Streaii,  IraeUrs 


Health  Resorts 


Sanford     Hall.    est.   1841 

Private  Hospital 
For  Mental  and  Nervous  Diseases 

Comfortable,  liomalike  surround- 
ings ;  modem  methods  of  treatment ; 
competent  nntees.  IS  acres  of  lawn, 
nark,  flower  and  vegetable  eardenK. 
Food  the  best.    Write /or  booklet. 

Sanford  Hall  Flushing  New  York 


DerlHtawa.  ra.  |An  inatltutlon  derotad  to 
the  penonal  atudv  and  apecialiied  treat- 
ment of  the  invalid.  Maaiage.  Kleotricity, 
Hrdrotherapy.  Apply  for  circular  to 
RosaaT  ILvriaoorr  WALTSa,  M.D. 
I  lace  of  Hie  Walter  Hanltsrlnuil 


Dr.  Reeves'  Sanitarium 

A  Private  Home  for  chronic,  nervous,  and 
mental  satlanta.  A  In  elderly  people  requiring 
care.  Harriet  ■.  ReeTea.M.D.,Melraee.  Maaa. 


Real  Estate 


OOW  W  EOTIOUT 

FOR  SALE-65-ACRE  FARM 

ProductiTe  wil ;  new  e^ht-room  houae, 
larn  rooma,  larve  reranda,  hardwood  floors, 
nanuml  wood  nnii&;  high  eleTatloD.  good 
view,  near  neighbors;  new  bam  basement 
wHh  cement  floor ;  located  three  miles  from 
station.  Price jU,0iNi,  fl.WU  cash. 

J.  J.  CASBIDY,  Woodbury.  Conn. 

NEW    YORK 

Camps  and  Cottages 

for  rent  or  for  sale  at  all  prioes  in  any 
part  of  the  Adirondaeks.  Write  for 
free,  illustrated  booklet. 

Mention  The  Outtook 

W.  F.  ROBERTS 
Real  EsUte  OfTies.  Sarauc  Uke,  N.  Y. 


NEW    JERSEY 


AT  SOUTH  OBANGE,  N.  J.  For 
reut  or  for  aale,  modem  brick  dwelling 
on  hillside,  fifteen  minutes  from  station, 
BtSMU  best,  hardwood  flooia,  two  baths,  large, 
encloeed  porch,  gaimse,  one-half  acre  of  lawn, 
garden  :  ooaatlng  ana  akating.  Address  K.  V. 
WAFFL.  a)  Proapect  St.,  East  Orange.  N.  J. 


MOUNTAIN    HOME 

FOR  SALK— In  K»at  TenneSMM 

Home  of  retired  idiTBician,  80  acrvs,  oorerlng 
moahtaln  top  orerlooking  town  and  tiTsr; 
1,M0  feet  abore  sea  tereTldeal  climate  aU  the 

r tar  round.  Well  planted  to  fruit  and  flowers; 
bams,  hennery,  gardens  and  farm  land. 
Qood  mountain  roisd  avaUwIe  for  small  can. 
Comfortable  bouse  wtth  liurge  llTing^room, 
big  fireplace,  hot-water  heat,  lelepbon*,  elec- 
tric lights,  electric  pomp,  modem  phunUng. 
Wooa  on  plaoe.  Address 
sloHir  A*  HoQgWLL,  Box  2a,  Harrlman,  Tenn. 


Real  Estate 


•  OUTH    CAROLINA' 

FUR  SALE -Charleston,  R.  C.~, 
leading  South  Atlantic  port  and  whiter 
tourist  resort,  large,  handsome  modem  reei- 
denoe,fumaceheKea,on  Charleston's  faahioo- 
able  boulevard,  fronting  on  beautiful  Ashley 
River.  Moat  desirable  Boutbem  winter  home. 
Susan  P.  Frost,  •  Broad  St.,  Charhstoo,  S.  C. 


TBNNB8  8EB 


BOaaD  AMD   ROOMS 

LAST  and  daughter  (school  girl)  desire 
board  in  private  family  on  Brooklyn  Heights 
from  end  of  September.  Twosunny  rooms  pre- 
ferred. '  Reterenoas  exchanged.  Mrs.  F., 
Sharon,  Conn. 

LAOT  desires  to  board  with  private  fsmily 
uptown.  lte<erancesexfllisngsd.  >,W7,OtttlooiL 

'      HELP  WAWTED 

Bualnaaa  Situation* 

EMBROIDERERS  on  hitsnU'  silks  and 
flannels.  Work  sent  out  of  town.  The  R.  R. 
Barringer  Co.,  31  East  list  St.,  New  York  City. 

Oompanlona  aad  Domaatlc  Halpara 
WANTED  —  Refined    young   woman  as 
mother's  helper  to  assist  in  care  of  little  girl 
Home  near  Aibdelphia.  ^^n,  Ontkwk. 

WANTED— Mother's  helper,  two  chiMren. 
Pennsylvania  farm.  ft,231,  Outlook. 

WANTED— Raflned,  mlddl»«ged  woman 
aa  huusekeeperK»ok.  Twoity-four  hour*  off 
weekly.    Good  salary.    Write   Mrs.  Foote, 


Wahiut  St.,  Englewood,  N.  J. 

YOUNO  man  wishee  to  secure  servioee  of 
lady  who  will  take  care  of  his  three  mother, 
leaa  children  and  keep  house  for  him.  One 
maid  employed.  8,M»,  Outlook. 

WANTRD-OanaMe  woman  (not  a  servant) 
to  manage  household  of  four,  two  adulta,  two 
children.  Must  be  good,  plain  cook,  fond  of 
good  home  and  househola  economloa.  A,S1, 
Outlook. 

Taaohera  and  aovarnaaaca 

WANTED— Competent  taaohera  for  public 
and  prirate  schools  and  colleges.  Seud  for  biilp 
letin.  Albany  Teachers'  Agency,  Albany,  N.T. 

TEACHERS  dMiring  school  or  college 
positions  apply  International  Musical  and 
Educational  Agency,  Carnegie  Hall,  N.  T. 

WANTED  -  Two  experienced  teacheis. 
Latln-Eiigiiah  and  mathematioa.  High  school 
grade.  gTllOaiid  board.  Southern  school.  Hi^ 
altitude.  6.233,  Outlook. 

WANTED  —  Teacher  in  boys'  miXtaty 
academy.  High  school  subjects.  Address 
Box  A,  Woodstock,  Va. 

WANTED  —  Nursery  governess  or  intel- 
ligent child's  nurse  for  cluldren  of  eight  and 
five.  English,  Frencli,  or  American.  Protea- 
taut.  Write  Mra.  Horace  Coleman,  DeKalb 
St.,  Norristown,  Ps. 


SITUATIONS    WANTED 


Buslnaaa  Situation* 

UNIVERSITY  woman,  special  experience, 
desires  poalcion  as  secretary,  assistant  editor, 
assistant  manager.  6,225,  Outlook. 

COLLEOE  woman,  librarian,  iu>w  In  Oov- 
eniment  service,  wishes  engagement  in  South 
or  California  for  winter.  Keferences  ex- 
changed. 6,292,  Outlook. 


SITUATIONS  WANTED 

Oompanlen*  sad  Oamastle  Halpar* 
HOUSEKEEPER  or  oompanioo  In  mother- 
leaa  or  invalid's  home  where  servaata  aie  kept 
or  caretaker  of  country  home  or  camp  where 
owners  visit  occasionally.  laolatioD  no  ub)er- 
tlon.  Refined,  capable,  Chriatian  widow,  ex- 

Ssrienced  housekeeper,  Ucenaed  automohile 
river  nine  vean,  also  drive  borsea.  Capable 
taking  full  charge,  uudeistanda  care  furnaoa. 
water  system,  eic.  In  coimtry  nlsoe.  Capable 
dressmaker,  fond  a<  and  undsntands  chil- 
dren, also  experienced  in  oars  ol  si4^  B^er- 
anoaa  exchanged.  Will  fDtnish  bond  If  acces- 
sary. Only  well  nying  poatlon  with  faigh- 
olasslaiaihreoiiaaersii:  C»S,  Outlook. 

NURSE  of  axperienoe  dealiea  care  o<  cfarone 
Invalid,  elderly  lady,  or  in  okl  ladiea'  homa. 
Rsterenoea  required.  8,334,  Outlook. 

YOUNO  woman  aa  oompaaiosi.  Or  oou- 
panion  and  chaperun  for  girla.  Bewhic  part 
time.  Retferencea.  6,236,  Outlook. 

AMERICAN    lady    as   oomp 

fond  of  home  duties,  experienced  In  nn 
Capable  of  taking  chaise  of  oorreonsMlancc. 
etc.  Beat  referencea.  6,M4,  Outlook. 


or  travel.  «,aM  Outkwk. 

COMPETENT  and  eraerlsnoed  young  wo- 
man of  education  and  refinement  deriiss 
position  aa  secretary  or  oompanioo.  t/bmao- 
graphic  knowl«dge.RefFrencea.«,M2,  Outlook. 

MATRON  wanU  pnitian  in  children's  or 
girla'  home.  State  partifculara.  6,aB,  Ontknk. 

WANTED,  by  woown  of  leOneBMat  and 
experience,  position  as  supervising  honae 
keeper  in  family  of  widower  or  Invalid. 
Capable  of  takhig  full  charge.  6,212,  Ontloak. 

LADY  wishes  position  of  chaperon  in  family 
with  chiklren  at  Washington,  O.  C.  6.30, 
OutkMk. 

'TRAINED    nurse.  —  Nurs»coninaiiion  to 
Isdy,  gentlemau,  or  chikl.   Snooeaanil  experi- 
ence.  Highest  references.  ttlM,  Outkwk. 
Taachara  and  Oovamaaae* 

rOUNO  Freucli  teacher  waaU  acfaool  for 
Tuesdays  and  Thursdaya  or  aome  Ooveni- 
ment  work.  New  York  piateived.  Beat  rt<- 
erences.  6,243,  Outlook. 

POSITION  as  governess  of  backward  dbiM 
in  private  family ;  experienced, pfaotfcalnnxae, 
competent  to  take  full  charge.  6,236,  Ontlook- 

00VERNES8,  experienced  Undarcartner, 
desfraa  position.  6jfe,  Onttoofc. 

MISCELLANEOUS 

PATRIOTISM  by  Lyuisn  Abbott,  also  4 
veraea  of  America— Hie  Fledge  to  the  FW— 
1  versea  of  Tlie  Star-Spangled  Banner,  allS  a 
little  leaflet.  Further  the  csuae  of  Fauiatiam 
hy  distributing  hi  your  letters,  in  pay  anvel. 
opea,  in  schools,  cnurchea,  clubs,  and  aocial 
imtheriiiKa.  JWI  sent  prepaid  for  M  cesita. 
Arthur  M.  Morse,  Moutclilrril.  J. 

LADY  living  alone,  beautifnl.  artistic  home, 
besutif 111  surrounding  oountnr,  hssltliful  giae 
air.  fine  walks,  would  take  info  ber  boasa  two 
hHlies,  or  two  youug  girls  nasdbg  chaperoa.or 
elderly  conpfa.  Would  consider  invalid  or 
cripple  needing  care,  or  two,  three  amall  chft. 
dren  orUbsiis,  or  of  professional  people.  Two 
hours  New  York;  two  hour*  ndiaaetnliia: 
eight  miles  Lakewood.  6,241,  Outlook. 

WANTED   for  winter,   near  Naw   Yot^ 

eleasaiit  home  for  old  lady.  Cheerful,  atten- 
ve  care.  Every  comfort.  RalaieBicea  re- 
quired. 6,236,  Outkwk. 

WANTED— Two  girls  to  work  for  board  and 
tuition  In  private  achool-  Address  Box  49^ 
Windsor,  Conn. 

M.  W.  WIehtman  &  Co.  Shopptaig  Arancy, 
established  ISiM.  Nocharge;  promptdeSverv. 
44  Weet  22d  St.,  New  York.  '        "^ 

YOUNO  man  wialies  home  for  htsaaalf  aad 
tliree  motherleaa  chiklreu  where  aAectiosiate 
and  intelligent  care  cau  be  given.  Must  be  In 
or  near  New  York  City.  6,8(1,  Outlook. 


YOUR  WANTS  lneveryUneo(hoassboU,edaostiaML 

workers,  teachers,  nurses,  business  or  yiofessional  asasateDta, 
etc.,  etc.— whether  you  reanire  help  or  are  aeekiag  a  sltaa- 
tion,  may  be  filled  tlirough  a  little  announcement  in  tlw 
classified  columns  of  The  Outlook.  If  yon  have  Some  article 
to  sell  or  exchange,  these  columns  may  prove  of  real  valae 
to  you  as  they  have  to  many  others.  Band  for  dsscijpUie  eii^ 
cul&r  and  order  blank  AND  FILLfOUR  WANTS.  Address 

Ihsvbsed  sf  CI»iie4iUmtii«TiiEfNnU«3n  fsM*  Am.  R.t 


Digitized  by 


Google 


918 


THE    OUTLOOK 


111 


THE   LETTER   AND   THE 
SOLDIER 

BY  WILLIAM   L.  STIOGEB 

"  I  haven't  had  a  letter  in  five  months 
rom  home,"  a  boy  in  a  hospital  said  to  me. 
le  was  lonely  and  discouraged.  And  right 
lere  may  I  say  to  the  American  people 
hat  there  is  no  one  thing  that  needs  more 
onstant  urging  than  tLe  plea  that  yon 
rrite,  write,  write,  to  your  soldier  in  France. 
le  wonld  rather  have  letters  than  candy 
ir  cig^arettes,  or  presents  of  any  kind,  as 
auch  as  he  loves  some  of  these  material 
hings.  I  have  pat  it  to  a  vote  dozens  of 
imes,  and  the  result  is  always  the  same — 
en  to  one  they  wonld  rather  have  a  letter 
i-om  home  than  a  package  of  cigarettes  or 
I  box  of  candy.  I  nave  seen,  boys  literally 
uffering  pangs  that  were  a  thousand  times 
I'orse  tmin  wounds  because  they  did  not 
eceive  letters  from  those  at  home. 

"  Nobody    back    there    cares    a    damn 
kboutme!    I  haven't  received  a  letter  in' 
ive  months !"  a  boy  burst  out  in  my  pi«s- 
nce  in  Nancy  one  night. 

"  Have  you  no  moUter  or  sister?" 

"  Yes,  but  they're  careless  ;  they  always 
rere  about  letter-writing." 

I  tried  to  Ax  up  excuses  for  them,  but  it 
ested  both  my  imagination  and  my  enthu- 
iasm  to  do  it.  I  could  put  no  real  heart 
nto  making  excuses  for  them,  and  so  mv 
rords  fell  like  lame  birds  to  the  ground, 
kud  the  tragedy  of  it  was  that  both  of  us 
mew  there  was  no  good  excuse.  It  was  the 
uost  pitiable  case  I  saw  in  France.  God  pity 
he  careless  mother  or  sister  or  father  or 
riend  who  isn't  willing  to  take  the  time 
ind  make  the  sacrifice  that  is  nreded  to 
upply  a  letter  at  least  three  times  a  week 
o  tne  lad  who  is  willing  to  sacrifice  his  all, 
f  need  be,  that  those  at  home  roav  live  in 
teace  free  from  the  horror  of  the  Ilun ! 

"  Lew  sweaters 
And  more  letters," 

night  very  well  ba  the  motto  of  the  folks 
lere  at  home,  for  the  boys  would  profit  more 
n  the  long  run  both  in  their  bodies  and  in 
heir  souls.  A  censor  friend  of  mine  said  to 
ue  one  day :  "  If  you  ever  get  a  chance  when 
roa  go  home  to  urge  the  people  of  America 
o  write,  and  write,  and  write,  to  their  boys, 
lo  it  with  all  your  heart.  You  could  do  no 
>etter  service  to  the  boys  than  that." 

"  What  makes  you  feel  so  keenly  about 
t  ?"  I  asked  him,  for  he  talked  so  earnestly 
hat  it  surprised  me.  Ordinarily  you  think 
if  the  censor  as  utterly  devoid  of  hnman- 
tarian  impulses ;  just  a  sort  of  a  machine  to 
lice  out  the  really  interesting  things  in  your 
etters ;  a  great  human  blue  pencil  or  a  great 
luman  pair  of  scissors.  But  here  was  a 
lensor  that  felt  deeply  what  he  was  saying. 

"  I'll  tell  you,"  he  repUed.  "  It  is  be- 
cause some  of  the  letters  that  I  read — 
hose  going  back  home  from  lonely  boys 
>egnng  somebody  to  write  to  them ;  liter- 
ally begging  somebody,  anybody,  to  write — 
hat  it  gets  my  goat ;  I  can't  stand  it  I 
>ften  feel  like  adding  a  sentence  myself  to 
lome  letters  going  home,  telling  them  they 
tttght  to  be  ashamed  the  way  they  treat 
heir  boys  about  letter- writing ;  but  the  rules 
ire  stringent  that  I  must  neither  add  to  nor 
ake  from  a  letter  save  in  the  line  of  Riy 
I II ties.  I'd  like  to  tell  a  few  of  Ute  people 
uiok  home  what  I  think  of  diem,  and  I'd 
ike  them  to  read  some  of  die  heartaches 
hat  I  read  in  the  letters  of  the  boys.  Then 
he^'d  nnderstand  how  I  feel  about  it." 

I  shall  never  forget  my  friend  tlie  wrestler 
r  hen  I  asked  how  it  was  that  he  kept  so  dean, 
atd  he  replied,  "  The  letters  help  a  lot" 

I  have  seen  boys  suffering  from  wounds 


Service  to  Investors 

T  TN  USUAL  opportunities  for  investments  offering  exceptionally 
^  attractive  returns,  without  sacrifice  of  security,  are  available 
under  present  conditions.  Our  Bond  Department  issues  monthly 
a  booklet  of  Investment  Recommendations  which  describes  securities 
offered  and  recommended  by  this  Company.  We  shall  be  glad  to  place 
your  name  on  our  mailing  list  for  the  current  and  succeeding  issues. 

In  our  Bond  Department  we  centered  diis 
Company's  activities  in  investment  securi- 
ties. It  daily  meets  problems  which  only 
occasionally  confront  the  individual  investor. 
In  selecting  bonds  and  notes'  which  will 
best  meet  your  requirements,  the  extensive 
facilities  and  services  of  this  Department  can 
be  of  advantage  to  you. 

This  Company  is  an  organizadon  of  two 
thousand  people  and  forty  departmenu,  and 
has  correspondents  of  its  Bond  Department 
in  various  cides.  It  ofiers  the  &ciUQes  and 
services  of  a  commercial  bank,  a  trust  com- 
pany, a  foreign  exchangebank,  an  investment 
insdtution,  and  a  safekeeping  depontary. 
Each  department  is  complete  in  itself;  all  work 
together  under  a  single  policy  of  service. 

The  co-operation  of  these  resources  of  or- 
ganization, fiicilides  and  capital,  within  one 
insdtution,  makes  possible  a  service  of  the 
broadest  scope. 

Your  inquiries  as  to  how  any 
feature  or  our  service  may  meet 
your  needs  will  be  welcomed. 

Guaranty  Trust  Company  of  New  York 


140  Broadway 


FirTH  At«.    Omcx 
rifth  Are.  &  43rd  St. 


Maduoh  Ate.    Orrici 
Madison  Are.  tc  60th  St. 


LoNooK  Orricx 
31  Lombard  St.,  E.C. 


Pasii    Orricx 
Ruedctltalien*,  1&3 


Capital  &  Surplus  $50,000,000  Resources  over  $600,000,000 


of  every  description.  I  have  seen  them  ly- 
ing in  hospitals  with  broken  backs.  I  have 
seen  them  with  blinded  eyes.  I  have  seen 
them  with  lees  gone  and  arms.  I  have  seen 
them  when  the  doctors  were  dressing  their 
wotmds.  I  remember  one  captain  who  had 
fifty  wocmds  in  his  back,  ana  he  had  them 
dressed  without  a  single  cry.  I  have  seen 
them  gassed  and  I  have  seen  them  shot  to 
pieces  with  shell  shock,  and  yet  the  worst 
goffering  I  have  seen  in  France  has  been 
on  the  part  of  boys  whose  folks  back  home 
have  neglected  them ;  boys  who  day  after 
day  had  seen  the  other  fellows  get  their 
letters  regularly  ;  boys  who  had  gone  with 
hope  in  tneir  hearts  time  after  time  for  let- 
ters, and  then  had  lost  hope.  This  is  reld 
suffering,  suffering  that  does  more  fo 
knock  the  morale  out  of  a  lad  tlian  any- 
thing that  I  know  in  France. 

DYING   YOUNG 

Mr.  George  A.  Rood,  of  Cleveland,  Ohio, 
writes  us  that  the  following  lines  by  John 
Uav  have  greatly  appealed  to  him,  espe- 
cially since  the  war,  when  he  thinks  of  the 
multitude  of  young  men  who  are  "  bartering 


dull  age  for  immortality."  We  are  glad  to 
comply  with  this  suggestion  and  print  them 
herewith  : 

THANATOS  ATHANOTOS 
{Deathless  Death) 

BT  JOHN  RAT 

At  eve  when  the  brief  wintry  day  is  sped 
I  muse  beside  my  fire's  faint-nickering  glare. 
Conscious  of  wrinkling  face  and  whitening 

hair — 
Of  those  who,  dying  yoimg,  inherited 
The  immortal  youthfulness  of  the  early 

dead. 
I  think  of  Raphael's  grand  seigneurial  air ; 
Of  Shelley  and  Keats,  with  laurels  fresh  and 

fair 
Shining  unwithered  on  each  sacred  head  ; 
And  soldier   boys   who  snatched   death's 

starry  prize 
With  sweet  life  radiant  in  their  fearless  eyes. 
The  dreams  of  love  upon  their  beardless 

lips. 
Bartering  dull  age  for  immortality  ; 
Their  memories  bold  in  death's  unyielding 

fee   . 
The  youth  that  thrilled  them  to  the  flnger- 

*'!*•  DJaitized  bv  VJ^^VJSriC 


Digitized  by  VJWVJV  H 


112 


THE  OUTLOOK 


BY  THE  WAY 


Credit  to  whom  credit  is  due :  John  Dil- 
lon, flagman,  is  largely  responsible,  says 
the  "  Safety  Magazine  of  the  New  York 
Central  Lines,"  tor  the  fact  that  at  Main 
Street  crossing  in  Bloomington,  Illinois, 
there  has  been  no  accident  to  any  person 
during  the  past  ten  years.  Seven  tracks 
cross  the  street  at  this  place,  two  ol  them 
being  the  main  tracks  of  two  different  rail- 
ways, and  switching  engines  are  at  work 
there  every  day.  In  praise  of  John  Dillon 
the  Magazine  says :  "He  has  not  the  shanty 
habit.  He  displays  the  stop  sign  in  the 
middle  of  the  street  and  he  holds  it  high." 

"  Nervous  breakdown ;  debility.  Get 
into  tlie  country ;  long  walks  ;  no  alcohol," 
said  the  doctor,  as  reported  in  "  Good 
Health."  The  patient  sighed.  "And,"  con- 
tinued the  doctor, "  one  cigar  a  day  !"  "  Oh, 
doctor,  not  that,"  protests  the  sick  man. 
"  One  cig^  a  day,"  reiterated  the  physi- 
cian, inexorably.  Six  weeks  later  the 
patient  returned  to  town.  "  How  do  you 
feel?"  queried  the  doctor.  "Splendid!" 
«  And  you  liked  it  all?"  "Everything  but 
the  one  cigar."  The  doctor  smiled.  "  The 
tobacco  habit — "  he  b^an.  "Isn't  any 
joke,"  put  in  the  patient,  ruefully ;  "  it  is 
hard  for  a  man  at  my  time  of  life  to  take 
up  smoking !" 

Congress  has  been  filmed  in  action. 
D.  W.  Griffith,  maker  of  spectacular  movies 
like  "  Hearts  of  the  World,"  secured  per- 
mission to  photograph  the  House  in  session 
for  a  new  war  production  which  he  is 
Tnn.lcing  to  show  the  beneficent  effect  of 
the  draft  in  making  soldiers  for  liberty. 

A  curious  foot-note  to  history  is  found 
in  Simon  Wolfs  recently  published  "  Presi- 
dents I  Have  Known."  Mr.  Wolf,  a  Waah- 
iiurton  lawyer,  a  loyal  Unionist,  and  a 
fnend  of  President  Lincoln,  was  yet  also 
acquainted  with  John  Wilkes  Booth  and 
resembled  him  in  appearance.  He  says  con- 
cerning the  assassination  of  Lincoln :  "  Af- 
ter the  tragedy  I  was  compelled  to  remain 
in  my  house  until  after  Booth's  capture,  for 
unfortunately  I  resembled  him  very  much 
in  feature — so  much  so  that  Theodore 
Kaufman,  the  historical  painter,  asked  me 
to  sit  for  him  for  his  nunons  minting  of 
'  The  Assassination  of  President  Lincoln.' " 

Here  is  an  anecdote  that  Mr.  Wolf  tells 
about  Andrew  Johnson  :  He  was  told  that 
if  he  attempted  to  speak  in  a  certain  South- 
em  city  he  would  be  shot.  Undaunted,  he 
placed  a  large  revolver  on  a  table  in  front 
of  him  at  the  time  he  w*8  to  make  his  ad- 
dress, and  said :  "  I  am  informed  that  I 
would  be  shot  if  I  attempted  to  speak  here. ' 
I  am  ready  to  be  shot  before  I  commence." 
There  was  dead  silence,  then  tumultuous 
applause,  and  he  made  his  speech  without 
the  slightest  disturbance. 

Besides  being  acquainted  with  several 
Presidents,  Mr.  Wolt  met  many  celebrities 
during  his  career  as  a  diplomatist.  One  of 
these  was  Arabi  Pasha.  Here  is- one  of 
Arabi's  stories :  A  sheik  was  speaking  in 
the  mosque,  and  said,  "  All  of  you  who  are 
afraid  of  your  wives  stand  up.  All  stood 
tap  except  one  man.  Afterwards  the  sheik 
went  to  this  man  and  said,  "  Evidently  you 
are  not  afraid  of  your  wife."  The  man  re- 
sponded :  "  She  g^ve  me  such  a  beating  this 
morning  that  I  was  not  able  to  stand  up." 

Hay  fever  is  described  in  the  "  Journal 
of  the  American  Medical  Association  "  for 
August  17  as  due  to  the  inhalation  of 
pollen  from  wind-pollinated  plants,  espe- 
cially of  the   common   ragweed.    As   this 


weed  does  not  thrive  at  an  altitude  of  6,000 
feet,  localities  at  such  altitudes  afford  relief. 
So,  too,  does  an  island  that  is  kept  free  of 
weeds,  and  has  no  land  nearer  than  five 
miles.  In  a  list  of  hay  fever  resorts  in  the 
United  States  the  largest  number  given  are 
in  North  Carolina,  owing  to  the  many 
mountain  resorts  in  that  State  that  exceed 
the  limit  of  6,000  feet  in  altitude. 

Here  is  a  sermonette  to  farmers  from 
the  "  Rural  New  Yorker."  It  begins  with 
a  text : 

Unorganized  agricuUkre  it  imUmduaUy  telling 
unappraited  predvctt  to  a  weU-it\formed  body  of 
buyert. 

That  ig  jnst  what  it  ia.  The  original  Amerioaii 
farmer  came  forward  with  a  fine  far  from  aome 
wild  animal.  Men  like  John  Jaoob  Aator  would 
buy  it  for  a  handful  <A  powder  and  shot,  a  few 
beads,  or  a  drink  of  nun.  Yet  when  it  turned  up 
as  a  ooat  or  oape  for  my  lady's  baok  in  Paris  or 
London  it  brought  $1,000  or  more.  From  that  day 
to  this  the  individual  farmer  has  been  selling  "  un- 
appiHised  products  "  for  about  what  the  organized 
buyers  and  handlers  will  give  him.  .  .  .  There  is 
only  one  way  out — organisation.  And  the  farmers 
must  do  this  work  themselves. 

The  problem  of  omnipresence  has  new 
difficulties  for  American  children  of  to-day, 
who  want  to  be  "  shown."  The  following 
dialogue  justifies  the  statement : 

Seven-year-old,  Yes,  Greoffrey,  God  is 
everywhere — in  everything,  in  us,  in  every- 
body. 

Pour-year-old.  How  do  yon  know  that, 
brother  ? 

Seven.  Well,  mother  says  so.  [Pause.] 
^t's  a  great  puzzle.  fPause.] 

Four.  Is  God  in  the  Germans  ? 

Seven  (doubtfully),  Ye-es,  God  is  in  the 
Germans.  [Pause. J 

Four  (earnestly).  I'll  bet  you  don't  know 
that,  brother ! 

A  good  word  for  Noah's  prescience  as  a 
ship-ouilder  is  found  in  an  aUusion  to  his 
Ark  in  "Nauticus."  "It  would  not  be  a 
difficult  task,"  says  that  journal,  "to  pick 
out  of  Lloyd's  Register  many  ships  built 
within  the  last  twenty  years  whose  dimen- 
sions suggest  a  form  closely  resembling 
that  of  Noah's  Ark.  According  to  the 
dimensions  griven  in  the  Bible  as  translated 
in  terms  of  modem  measurement,  the  Ark 
was  480  feet  long,  80  feet  wide,  and  48  feet 
deep.  Her  tonnage  was  11,413,  and  she  had 
plenty  of  room  for  paira  of  all  the  distinct 

Stecies  of  animals  that  are  classed  by 
uffon — ^244 — and  she  could  have  accom- 
modated a  thousand  persons  and  then  had 
plenty  of  room  for  the  storage  of  supplies." 

Some  one  vrill  sometime  probably  make 
an  anmsing  book  out  of  the  many  absurd 
suggestions  that  have  been  made  about  the 
conduct  of  the  war.  One  of  these  sugges- 
tions will  be  found  in  a  novel  called  "  !rot- 
terat  and  the  War."  One  of  its  characters 
advises  the  shooting  of  shells  filled  with 
bees !  When  the  shell  strikes  a  German 
trench  and  the  bees  are  liberated,  he  says, 
there  will  be  an  immediate  skedaddle  on 
the  part  of  the  Huns,  for  who  could  fight 
after  being  stung  on  the  eyelid  by  an  in- 
furiated bee ! 

The  Health  Commissioner  of  Chicago 
believes  in  war  bread.  He  says  "  it  is  no 
use  kicking  at  having  to  eat  bread  made  of 
barley,  oatmeal,  and  buckwheat,  when 
really  the  new  article  of  food  is  as  palatable 
as  the  bread  of  former  years  and  if  any- 
thing more  nutritious."  He  suggests  emula- 
tion of  the  old  lady  who,  having  but  two 
teeth  remaining,  said,  "But,  thank  God, 
they  hit." 


DURAND 

Steel  RACid 


pOR  the  storage  of 
"^  materials,  parts  of  aO 
kinds,  supplies,  too^,  etc., 
Durand  Steel  Racks  are 
an  indispensable  adjunct 
to  any  factory  equipment. 

They  are  strong,  neat  in  appear- 
ance, convenient,  durable  and 
fireproof.  It  takes  but  a  few 
moments  and  no  tools  to  respace 
the  shelving  to  take  care  o( 
varying  quantities  of  stock. 


W»  ara  makar*  of  Stmal  Radm,  t 
Coantan,  mte.,  for  momwy  kmdofntmr- 
ehtmdiam  ;  also  Darand  Staol  Loeiamn 
for  avary  naad.    Writa  for  eatalogttm 

Durand  Steel  Locker  Co 

1S73  Ft.  OeaiUfB  Bk.  BMg.     OTS  VaadatUi  BUf 
Chicago  New  York 


IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIOIIIIIIIIIIIHIIH 


I  Reduce  Your  Weight 

=  ^^OU  cao  get  rid  of  excess 

m  I  flesh  a«   sore  aa  mnriae 

g  tomorrow.   If  yon  do  not 

rj  poaaen  a,  perfect  ngura,  our- 

^  reotpotMaiMlsbiuidantAcc^tA, 

3  lei    me  help  you.    Yon  can 

q  aeeompligh    these    things   in 

vd|  a  siniple  way — in  youT  room. 

~  1   know  Tou  oftu  becauM  Fve 

e3  helped  89,000  women  uid  what  I 

^  hare  done  lor  ao  many  I  can  do 

=  (or  you. 

M  Don't  rednoe  by  dmsa  or  diet  | 

^  alone.    You'll  look  old  u  70a  do. 

:3  Tou  should  liave  the  proper  exei^ 

^  dae  to  reduce  your  flgore  juM 

^  irhfrr  umt  it-niU  ?/  ifUucfd, 

=  I  build  your  vitality,  atrwigtlMiii 

s  your  heart  and  teach  you  to  Mana, 

!f  walk  and  breathe  oorrectly,  as  1 

--=  reduce  you. 

If  you  aend  me  your  hetebt,  ni  ten  you  joat  mtmt 

i^  you  ahould  weigh.  No  oSaiia  ami  I'll  aaod  yaa 

ii  mv  a-vml  tllustnted  booUet  FREE.   Write  aZ. 

f3  I'd  like  to  tell  you  d  my  woodertol  ezpeilanoei. 

3  SVSAIXNA    COCKOFO* 

i3  I>ept..8       684  South  MIohlKsn  ATenue 

S  CHICAGO,  Itt. 

ii :'::!;!:;:':  i:iiiiiiiiii;iii:ii;iiiiii::uinii;;:::;::i!i;iiiiiiuiiiiiHiiuiiiBnn^ 
Digitized  by  VJ^^VJV  l*^ 


THE   OUTLOOK 


113 


Fat  Juicy  Salt  Mackei 


Direct  FromThe  Fishiii5  Boats  ToYoii 
"  Jrom  DavisyGloucester 


Such  a  Good  Breakfast 


ere?"  Thus  my  direct-to-home  business 
was  started — I  never  sell  to  dealers. 


Folks,  here's  a  real  treat  from  old  Gloucester.  A  pail  of  fat,  newly- 
packed,  full-flavored  mackerel— ten  deliciously-tasty  fish  of  fine  white,  tender 
meat.  Oh,  but  you  will  eqjoy  these  temptingly  good  fish !  How  the  appetizing 
fragrance  of  broiling  mackerel  whets  a  lagging  appetite !  They're  yours  to  try, 
on  request^— send  no  money — sample  these  tasty  mackerel  first.  ^^1-^/  P  ^ayyLa 

PrtxiileHt. 

natural  sea  taste.  We  clean  and  wash  them  before 
weighing.  You  pay  for  only  net  weight — no  heads 
and  no  tails,  just  the  white,  all  meat  portions — the 
parts  that  make  the  most  delicious  meals  imaginable. 
You  probably  have  never  tasted  salt 
mackerel  so  appetizingly  good  as  mine. 

Send  No  Cash — 
Try  the  Fish  First 

I  want  you  to  know  before  you  pay 
that  my  fish  will  please  you.   If  there 
is  any  possibility  of  a  risk  I  want  it 
to  be  at  my  expense.  Just  mail  the 
coupon  today.    I  will  ship  at  once  a 
pail  of  my  fall  mackerel,  containing 
ten  fish,  each  fish  sufficient  for  three 
or  four  people,  all  charges  prepaid, 
so  that  your  family  can  have  a  real 
Gloucester  treat  next  Sunday  morning. 
Then,,  if  my  mackerel  are  not  better 
than  you  have  ever  tasted,  send  back 
the  rest  at  my  expense.   If  you  are 
pleased  with  them — and  I'm  sure  you 
will  be-  send   me  |t4.90  and  at  the 
same  time  ask  for  Descriptive  List 
of  Davis  Fish — sold  only  direct 
never  to  dealers.   And  remember,  when  order- 
ing Davis'  Mackerel,  you  get  only  the  clear, 
edible  portions  of  the  fish — an  economical 
food,  so  good  to  eat,  so  nutritious — and 
a  food  the  Government  is  asking  us 
to  eat  to  help  win  the  war.  Mail  the 
coupon  now,  with  your  business 
card,  letterhead  or  reference. 

Frank  E.  Davis  Co. 

55  CMtnl  Wlurf,  Gloacaitw,  Mui, 


After  the  Elusive  Mackerel 

I  love  the  salt  water.  I  love  the  foods  that  come  oat 
of  the  salt  water.   I  love  to  recall  my  younger  years 
when  in  the  nipping,  salty  air  of  October  and  No- 
vember we  would  be  out  for  weeks  in 
my  father's   vessel,  with  himself  as 
"  skipper,"  after  the  great  mackerel 
schools. 

Bat^k  in  '85,  several  friends  of  mine, 
inland  folks,  a^ked  me  to  select  and 
send  them  a  pail  of  Gloucester  mack- 
erel. Then  this  thought  occurred  to 
me :  "  Why  can't  I  supply  families 
everyirhere  with  the  choicest  of 
Gloucester  mackerel — the  kind  we  our- 
selves eat — sending  them  direct  from 
the  ocean  to  the  tables  of  my  custom 


to 


IS 


It  Takes  a  Fisherman 
Know  Fish 

You  see,  I  know  fish.   All  my  days 
have  been  spent  aboard  fishing  boats 
catching  fish,  knowing   the  choicest 
and    picking  'em  out,  cleaning  and 
curing  them  the   right  way.    Today  my  business 
housed  in  the  most  modem  fish-building  in  the  coun- 
try.   It  b  fitted  with  the  best  possible  sanitary  equip- 
ment for  cleaning  and  packing  fish.   Standing  right 
at  the  water's  edge,  the  fishermen's  catches  are  brought 
right  into  my  building.   So  they  go  to  your  table  with 
the  "  tang  of  the  sea  "  right  in  them. 

Fall  Mackerel — ^Fat  and  Tender 

Most  of  the  fish  your  dealer  can  buy  are  Spring 
fish,  thin,  dry  and  tasteless.  I  select  for  you  only  Fall 
fish,  fat  and  thick-meated,  the  kind  that  retain  their 


A  fat,  tender,  juicy  Davis' 
Mackerel  broiled  to  a  fiz- 
zling brown  ;  some  buttikr, 
a  sprinkling  of  pepper,  a 
touch  of  lemon,  if  you  wish — 
how  good  it  smells,  how 
tempting  it  looks,  how  it 
tickles  the  palate,  and,  oh, 
how  it  satisfies! — the  favorite 
breakfast  dish  of  thousands. 


'  FnakL 

OtmC*., 

SSCMralflM 


Thr  Fmnk   S.  DiirtM    Comjmnu 
prrimrrd  to  '"'ppfy,  at  intrrrttiH\ 

fthrrji,  it*  protturtjiln  htiteli.  Win 
nutUiitiftnji,  hnfpttniK,  xrhitota. 
(tc.  Write  for  tpeciiU  prire  liM. 


'      Without  any  tfbliufttion 

on  my  put.  pleu«  tend 

me.    ail   cMaritt  ^ipmd, 

,       a   [Mdl   of  thCK   rood   Da^iv 

( •loiicratcr  Mackerri.  to  contain 

ten  choice  fiah.  each  fiah  auflicieiit 

fur  tbrc«  or  four  pco|>lc.    I  arrcc  to 

nut  |i  90  ID  10   daja  or  retiiru  ihr 

remainder. 


Digitized  by 


M* f .... 

oogte 


114 


THE   OUTLOOK 


25  Sepi 


Dr.  J.  H.  TDdoi  of  Dearer,  Colondo,  la 
ona  at  tba  moat  widaly  kiioira  madioal 
lafonnan  In  tba  Unitad  8«ataa.  He  la  the 
editor  <i<  "  FhOoaophT  of  Health."  RIaiin- 
poctet  woika  an  >'  DIaeaaee  of  Women 
■od  Kan  ChadUrtti -,"  "Food,"  3  toI.  ; 
"Oonorrtiea  and  SjrpliiUa  ;"  "  Appendioi- 
tta ;"  "  Cbolen  In&ntom  ;"  "  Tjrphoid 
rarer ;"  "  Impaind  Health.  lu  Oaoia  and 
Con,"  2  Tol.,  ate. 

THERE  are  thousands  of  men  and  women 
in  this  country  who  are  not  "lending  a 
band  "  because  of  personal  inefficiency, 
perpetual  fatigue  and  laziness,  entirely  due 
to  tneir  ignorance  in  eating.  Many  doctors 
say,  "  Eat  what  agrees  with  you,"  but,  how 
are  ycu  to  know  f  Bewilderment  no  longer 
is  necessary — read 

The  Pocket 
DIETITIAN 

by  Dr.  J.  H.  Tilden,  who  depends  entirely 
upon  diet  and  correcting  of  habits  to  relieve 
and  cure  his  patients  of  their  varying  ailments. 

The  first  edition  of  "  The  Pocket  Dietitian  " 
was  exhausted  in  sixty  days;  the  second 
edition  of  ten  thousand  is  now  offered  to 
the  public  It  will  teach  YOU  how  to  live, 
give  YOU  an  idea  of  the  real  cause  of  disease 
and  how  to  sidestep  it.  It  is  crowded  with 
hints  as  to  proper  combinations,  menus  for 
people  in  all  walks  of  life.  It  disabuses  the 
public  mind  of  a  prevailing  fallacy  that  cures 
can  be  made  by  some  pecuflar  diet.  Diseases 
cannot  be  cured  except  by  giving  up  the  habit, 
whatever  it  is,  that  enervates,  after  which  lost 
energy  is  returned  and  full  health  restored 
and  maintained  by  right  food  combinations. 

"THE  POCKET  DIETITIAN"  is  des- 
tined to  be  the  most  popular  book  on  diet 
in  the  world.  Price  only  $\.0Q  (100-page 
volume,  pocket  size,  flexible  leather  cover) ; 
it  is  worth  a  business  to  some,  and  life  to 
others.  Send  check,  money  order  or  cur- 
rency for  it  without  delay.  Address,  De- 
partment "  PD-2." 

Philosophy  of  Health 

DENVER,  COLORADO 


The  Outlook 

Copyright,  1018,  by  Tb*  Oatkwk  Company 

TABLE  OF  CONTENTS 

Vol.  120      September  25,  1918        No.  4 


TBI  ODTbooK  n  rciuaKBD  nwMLt  n  Tm  oonooK  ooarAar, 

3»      TDUBTH     ATBinn,     mw     TOU.         LAWBSaCS    9.     AKOTT, 

maiDBiT.  ■•  T.  Fsuiiai,  Tic»*»aein«irr.  FBAm  o.  noTT, 
TBaASOROk  BinaT  H.  AUOTT,  aacBVTABT.  TrnxTsaa  D. 
OAEHAa,  ADTaiTiaiiw  luiiAa^  tbau.t  auiaoumo*— 
nrrr-Two  mtam—Hm  DOLLAae  m  aotasob.  uinuu 
Aa  uooaD-euaa  iutt**,  jult  21.  u93,  at  ths  roar 
orrxM  AT  mw  mu,  uasas  nra   act  or  haboi  3.  itra 


The  Austrian  Peaoe  Note 117 

An  Insult  to  Belgium 117 

Germany's  Brutatity  in  Africa 118 

Lenioe  and  Trotaky  Paid  German  Agents  118 

Cartoons  of  the  Week. 119 

The  Amerioan  Viotory 120 

Thirteen  Million  Men  Enrolled 122 

Labor  Strikes,  Lookouts,  and  the  War..   122 

A  United  Effort  for  War  Relief. 123 

Greenville  Answers 123 

' '  Why  Not  Compromise  with  Germany  P"  123. 

The  Adventure  of  Aoquietoenoe 124 

The  Eremite  Walks  to  Cbureh 12S 

A  Plan  to  Help  Polieemen  Oat  ol  Tight 

Plaoes 126 

An  Interview  with  Commiaaionor  Bnright  by 
H.  H.  Moore,  of  the  Oatlook  Staff 

Smaibing  the  German  Will  to  Win 127 

By  D.  Thomai  Cnrtin 

What  You   Want    to   Know   About  Our 

Army  in  Pranoe 128 

By  Joeaph  H.  Odell 

Acroii  South  Afriea  in  War  Time 131 

By  Gregory  Maao'n,  StaC  Corraapondent  of 
The  Oatlook 

The  War  Coiti  and  the  War  Debt 134 

By  Theodore  H.  Prioa 

Current  Brents  Illustrated 


135 
140 

140 

141 


"Nothing  but  a  Boohe  " 

By  William  L.  Siidger 

'A  Violet  in  Pranoe  (Poem)..   

By  Viator  C.  Reeae 

Our  Medical  Corps  in  Aetion 

By  H.  W.  Boyatoa 

Weekly  Outline  Study  of  Current  History  142 
By  J.  Madiaon  Oathaay,  A.M. 

The  I^ew  Books 145 

War  Loans 147 

The  Lord's  Inleations 149 

A  War  Incident 149 

By  the  Way 151 


BT  SUBSCRIPTION  I4.W  A  YKAK.    8fai(la  oopiee  10  oeotL 
For  foreign  anbaoriptiaii  to  ooontriee  in  tha  Poetal  tJnlon,  •S.SS. 

Addraea  all  nranmniifcatloni  to 

THE  OUTLOOK  COMPANY 

381  Fontth  AvBime  New  York  City 


>teinh 


Once  a  Private  Branc 
Y  Now  Famous  ^ 
k    Everywhere    / 


These  Rare  Havanas 

V*>re  orit^'inully  iiuule  up  for  my 
privat*^  ii»e  from  the  chuiceat  leaf 
ohtaiitabl^  in  the  mountaiuous  dia- 
trict  of  Culia— the  Vuelta  dtatrict. 
Frieiida  kooii  iiiflisted  that  I  include 
Ui«tu  in  my  biiyiiik:..\ftotherB  learned 
of  tlies^  BU}>er-^e)ifi:htfu)  amokea, 
tlit-v  liK)  wanted  my  brand. 

iliia  dt-mand  kept  a  friend  busy 
buying:  th«  8fle+'t*d  leaf  I  oaed. 
Bemi;  a  coiuiuiasf-ur,  ho  Bcoept«d 
ooly  the  cruam  of  tlie  crop.  Now 
ttao'iiitAnds  of  men  nmoke  my  mono- 
arram  brand  and  I  give  my  whole 
ume  to  the  enormous  buaiuew  that 
fau  resulted. 

A  Real  Thrift  Smoke 

1  Save  Yoa  Many  Profits 

Cit:ar  vnltie  is  limited  to  qualitv. 
I'rices  that  exceed  that  value  incluae 
Diaiiy  prortttt  and  many  exTieiwen— 
•alaries  of  salt^meit  and    tfieir   ex- 

Knaea,  store  upkeep  and  other 
mi8.  I  save  you  all  these.  You  can- 
not buy  my  i-igars  in  any  store.  I 
deal  direct  only.  Vou  get  these  mt- 
iugs. 


INE« 


For  the  Fighters  Too 

I  have  recently  received  many 
ordcm  for  ^.  R.  w.  Havanas  to  be 
Bt'iit  direi't  to  "our  twys  "  lii  camp. 
1  lu'tw  orders  have  come  from  my 
ifU'ilar  ruBtomcrs— men  who  know 
and  anpreciate  a  rare  smoke.  Their 
tliou^ntfuhiess  might  well  be  fol- 
lowed by  you. 

Take  advantage  of  my  free  offer. 
Try  five  free.  Decide  for  yourself. 
Then  order  for  yourself  and  "the 
boys  "  you  are  »o  proud  of.  Prices 
to<V«y  are  $.5.,^i  for  l(Ki  or  $i.85  for  SO. 
"Wiir  conditioiiB,  of  course,  make 
tlifs*-  prioeH  subject  to  change 
BO  I  wouI<l  auviae 
quick  m.-tion. 


first 


fiue 


fREE 


cannot 


,    CO""' 

nv^-^'t 
.  co»t' 


ilic* 


yOtt 


ttie* 


you 

lot 


pel 
^iO«l 


t\' 


,t»««" 


rV^' 


!»VOS' 


,t€iuce- 


\M^ 


W«>' 


me*"- 


(142) 


J.  ROGERS  WARNER         .,^ 

m  Leetweed  BaMat.  Brffala,  II.  T.  slST 


FORCE 


Mentaltani physical— to  the 
utmost  — tnat's  what  vee 
need  new. 

Your  capacity  to  do  de- 
penda  on  your  "Human 
Machine"— aee  to  it  that 
that  Bt'catest  of  all  encinea, 
your  Heart,  is  runnins  per- 
fectly. Be  sure  that  it  will 
malce  the  hill— and  crarry 
^  tlirough  —strong. 

Rest  — and  an  'intelligent 
going  over  of  your  Titai 
machinery  is  a  patriotic 
necessity.  Don't  fAIrt*  jron 
are  all  right -KNOW  IT. 

and,  in  this  connection — 

THE  Glen  Springs 

The  Plenaer  American  "Cttre** 
Per  Heart  Diserdera 

WATKINS  OLKN  NK 

Wm.B.L««|lnKweU.JVM. 


Digitized  by  VJWVJV  l*^ 


1918 


THE  OUTLOOK 


lis 


THE   OUTLOOK  SCHOOL  AND  CAMP 

DIRECTORY 

Many  of  the  best  private  schools,  colleges,  correspondence  schools, 
and  camps  are  advertised  in  these  columns.  Each  one  issues  descrip- 
tive literature  which  will  be  sent  to  Outlook  readers  upon  application 


TEACHERS'    AOENCIE8 

The  Pratt  Teachers  Agency 

70  nfth  ATanne,  New  TorC^ 

RaooainMiids  Wnhwri  to  ooU*i«%ntbUa  indptlrata  Mhooli. 
AdTJi  BMiU  ibont  ichook.    Wm.  O.  Prmtt.  Mkt. 


TEACHERS    WANTED    "SSaSSf' 


all  dqartmanta.  tliOOO-ISiMW.  BpwW  tenni.  Iki  lima- 
WAIg  TlACg»B»'  AOMIOT,  MiclMO  BnlMlBg,  HBW  OrlaMM. 

SCHOOLS    AND    COLLEQES 
PANADA 

ST.  MARGARETS  COUEGE   "*TSK8'xlfe'' ' 

A  BMklantW  ud  I>*t  School  tor  Oirta,  prapam  (or 

AnwrUan  and  Oanadlaii   CniTanltiM.     Bnclal  BnainaM 

Conna,  HonaahoU  tdeaaa  and  Phyaioal  Cultura  Connea. 

Praaiteit,  MiB.  OmiKa  Dickaaa.  Prbi.,  MiM  laobel  O.  Blown. 

Baoinnad  Bapt.  17th.    Proapactua  on  appUcation. 

CONNEOTiCUT 

The  Cfirtis  School  for  Young;  Boys 

Haa  Down  f  mtr^onr  yaaia  and  la  atUl  iiDdar  tba  aoiva 
diiacnoo  of  Ita  (onndar.  _  _  _^ . 

tPiliiolpal 


FuDiaios  I 

Obulld  B.  t 

9ioonn>LD  CaiiTca,  ( 


WYKEHAM    RISE 

Country  School  for  Giria 

F.  K.  Dana,  IU..A;..  Principal,  WaahfaiKtan,  Ooimaotieiit. 
Boatoa  lauiaaautatlTa.  Uubl  E.  Bonui,  A.B.,  VIca- 
Principal.  Box  »  C,  CnhiMi*.  MiinhoaetU. 

FLORIDA 

Cathedral  School  for  Girls 

oia.AinM>.  nxuRiDA 

(jmdar  BpUeopat  emtnt).  CoUacs  Piapaiatorj  and  Oanaial 
Coaiaaa,  alao  Mnaio,  bpraaaion,  Domattic  Bdanca,  ato. 
CaraWWJi^  Igglc^*>i«w  ««J*^  y-rhagina 


Ootobarl. 


7.  BODBBICK  V.  COBB.  AM., 
ILLINOIS 


The  Uuvenity  of  Gbicago 

nAUp    in  addUon  lo  raidant 
ll^mjj    W(«k.otfenakaiBMnic- 

cTiinY  I*"  <>«<^>*<>  i«- 

tJlUI/I       lomatioB  addraaa 
(MTaar  0.jlC(INT.W)Cycafa.ll.  whJS 


MARYLAND 


Educate  Yonr  Child 

la  Your  Own  Hona 

Undartbadbacticnaf 
CALVERT  SCHOOU  Idc. 

(KtaUitKtd  1887) 

A  nnlqae  syitam  by  maana  of  wfaloh 
chUdron  from  UndarBaxtan  to  U 
yaaia  of  asa  oaj  ba  adocatad  at  bcaoa 
nndar  tha  gnldanoa  of  a  aohool  with  a 
natlaaal  repatatian  fortnlninK  chO- 
dran.  for  uif onnattoa  write,  tutirg 
•ca  of  child.  Alao  aak  tor  otrcnlar 
Mr.  Batjtt^  new  book  'OhUd 


on  Hr.  E 
fialaliis.'' 


Th«  Calrart  ScImoI,  2  Ouaa  St.,  BaMBora.  Md. 
V.  H.  HUltll.  A».  (Hairarf).  Hii«aiil». 

MASSAOHUSETTS 

i,B«ra. 


ELM  HILL^j?n*?aTd',:5.1gnS?.'tS: 

akUltnl  and  aflaetianata  can.  Inritoiatlns  air.    WMtcra 
(arm.    Sana  oafaT.    All  modam  canTanlaaoaa.    PancoM 

jsssstss^  ffiisvirgsrs.  gargkoJg^MJr- 

WALNUT  HILL  SCHOOL 

■8  Hlshlspd  St..  KBtlek.  Msaa. 

A  CoBiBa  na(*iau>x  Moot  tor  Olrk.  IT  moaa  trooi 

MliM  Conmnt,  Mlaa  B1k«Iow>  Prinolpala. 


MASSAOHUSETTS 


Perry  Kindergarten  Normal  School 

IS  Hnntinstan  ATanaa,  Boatsa.  Maaa. 

Mra.  ANNIE  MOSELEY  PERRY.  Fonadar 

Preparea  for  KinderKartan,  Primary  and  Playcroond 
paamona.  For  booklet  addnai  The  Secretary. 

DEAN   ACADEMY,  Franklin,  Mm. 

sad  Tear 

women  find  liare  a  bomallke  atmoa. 

Solent  tralnfaiff  In  erety  department 

,  a  loyal  and  halptui  eohool  iplrlt.  libeiai 

endowment  permltallbaaltaima,m6-fMII  per  year.  Spadal 
Oomaa  In  Dcmeatio  Sclanoe. 

Por  catalogue  and  Information  addteai 
ARTBCRWrpEIBOK,  Lltt.  D..  Prtnolpal 


FOR 
OIRLS 


The  Burnham  School 

NORTHAMPTON,     MASSAOHUSETTS 

Founded  by  Hary  A.  Barabsin  In  1877 

Oppcelte  Smith  College  Campoi 

MISS  HELEN  E.  THOMPSON,  Haadmlatraia 


MISS  CAPEN'S  SCHOOL  FOR  GIRLS 

For  many  yeara  known  aa  **  na  Bnnham  BohooL" 
Unl  year  opena  September,  lau.  * 

Correapnndance  ihonld  be  adili  iiiiil  to 
Mlae  B.  T.  Otrm,  Principal, NoaruimoB.  ILua. 

SHORT-STdRY  WRTTINO 

A  cogna  of  forty  laaooa  In  the  Metory.  focm, 

iatruelUre,a»dwrltln»otthalia«i«'  itoi  >  tanghtby 

IDn  J.  llni»n«»«l»,f«rT«i«M<ll»r«fU»«l»nMfai 

UO-paga  oamogumpr—.     Fiaaataddrtm 

m  maa  ooBsisponnci  mbool 


UjSmt, 


THE  MISSES  ALLEN  SCHOOL 

Lite  fai  the  open.  Athletioa.  Hooaahoid  Arta.  Collie  and 
general  oooraea. 

Bach  giri'a  panOBaUty  obaamd  and  denkipad.  Wittator 
booklet. 
W»TM«WT0«,Mna. 

N  EW    JERSEY 

KENT  PLACE,  Summit.  N.  J. 

A  country  achool  tor  girla  M  mHea  from  New  York.  CoDega 

Pieparatorr  and  Aoademlo  Couraea. 

Mia. iatafc %aa<M»  raal. MM Aaaa  S.W"'-i.rifar»ih 


NEW   YORK    OITY 


UNION  THEOLOGICAL  SEMINARY 

tn&hnj  at  IZOlk  Street 

MawTeikaiy 

nw  ohaitar  raqntraa  that  "  Bqnal  prlrllegee  of  admiarion 

and  fautmcttoa,  with  all  the  adrantagaa  ol  the  Imtlta- 

ttpn,  ihall  be  allowed  to  Studenta  of  erery  deooadaatiott  of 

^fasIIJSgaSgr ATf  SUBS  ^^^S^ 

FROEBEL   LEAGUE    EINDEROARTEN 
TRAINING   SCHOOL 


NEW   YORK 


SCHOLARSHIP  OFFERED 

ah5iT^,i;!£r''Sar'^gg"A'g8LfKy<feg5y°« 


HOOSAC  SCHOOL  f  ?«?«! 

SeWLFerl^^j.      

_^^ ^wn,  Maaa.,  M  mile 

'.   Pnnaiaa  for  college  and  biuineaa  Ufa 
■'^     -■>  boy.    AthI -■       


A  Church  a .,.. 

taanUallT  hiaatad  la  the  opMr  BooaacVallay  among 
lerkahlraBllla  U DrfUa trom^ruSamatown. IbiaTlOi 

ram  Awaay,  R.  T.     ' "" 

ndlridoal  care  gh 


ol  nar  bqrina  Saptombar  »,  1»U.  VIS-- 
V.  lU  HnrKLBOSTD.D.,  Albaay,  H.  1. 


NEW    YORK 


NEW  YORK 
MILITARY 
ACADEMY 

CorBwaU.oii>Hud*on,  N.  Y. 

THE  itoty  of  this  famous  School 
is  told  in  the  iliustrated  cata- 
logue, which  will  be  sent 
npoa  application  to  the  Princqial. 

Largest  MiUiary School  in  UteEast 

OATALRT,  raFABTBT,  CAOKI  BAND 
{fiPBClAL  KATES  TO  MVStCIAlISi 


Hewlett  School  for  Girls 

HEWI.BTT.  I.ONO  I8I.AirS 

Ooalialf  hour  fnxn  New  Tork.  Primary  throogh  ooUege 
preparatory.  Outdoor  aporte.  Circular  upon  laQoaat. 

SL  John's  RiYerside  Hoqiital  Training 
School  for  Norses 

YONKERS.    NEW  YORK 

Baglatarad  In  New  Toik  Btat^  oSera  a  a  yaara'  eonree   a 
ganaiBl  tialninf ,  to  raflnad,  adDcataa   woaan.    _lt*gnli*- 


menta  ooa  year  high  achool  or  tta  oqulnkot.  Apply  to  the 
Directieaa  of  Nnnaa,  Tonkara,  New  Tork. 

NORTH    OAROLINa" 


PINEHURST  SCHOOL 

FOR  BOYS 
Pioehtirat,  North  Cardins 

Combines  a  thorough  colle(^e  pre- 
paratory course  with  instruction  in 
the  elements  of  military  science,  and 
physical  training  in  accordance  with 
modem  military  ideals. 
L  k.  DOaWORTHroU.  FJI.&S.  Ojh  bflrii. 

R«|al  riiftii).  Had  iMlir. 
R.CUliroN  PUn.  B.  A..  OiM.  AtML  HaJ  Maitar. 

Kate  for  Boarding  Scliolars,  f900  a 
year,  payable  half  yearly  in  advance. 

Term  begins  October  9, 1918. 
I 


PENNSYLVANIA 


The  Baldwin  School 


ACaaalfySckaalhrGfak  Ina  Hawr,  Paea. 

Prepamtion  for  BrTn  Uawr,  Mount  Holyoke,  Smith, 
Vaawr  and  Wellealey  ooUagea.  Alao  etttiatr  gen- 
eral oouae.  Within  20  vean  268  itadenta  haye 
entered  Bnrn  Mawr  College.  Fireproof  itooe 
bnilding.    Aboodant  ontdoor  life  and   athletica. 

BJZAKTH  FOUEST  JOnGON.  AJ..  HEAD  OF  m  SCBOOL 
VERMONT 


RlaL^.^  ^  aodowed  achool   for  girla  orarlook- 

DlSnop  lax  Lake  Champkfai.  WaU  aqutppadlmnd- 

■  I        I  •  iqia.  AD  ontdoor  aporta.  Collagi 

tlOpklllS  toty  and  general  counea.^  Write 


Mul         ^l^taia.Bl 


fflGSk: 

KUan  Beton  Ogden,  pTtnclpal. 
-IT.  A.  C.  A.  Hafl.  PTMMaotand 
Boa  C,  BurHngVai,  Vermont. 


STil 
PI 


TANDARD 

as* 
RITVAE, 


HVBIN 


SON 


:s 


Jnat  Ont.  A  Maw  Sonc  Book.  Sample  copy  wm 
damoHtrau  Iti  <ahie.  Kxanihialloa  Copy  Beard  ncCmh  Mo. 
The  BUrlow  and  Haln  Co.,  Maw  Tork  -  Ohlcaco 


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116 


THE   OUTLOOK 


2  HE  bathing  of  a  child  is  the  most  exacting  test  for  any  soap.  The 
tender  skin  instantly  detects  the  presence  of  free  alkali  or  any  other 
harsh  material. 

It  is  this  test  multiplied  several  million  fold  that  proves  the  mildness,  purity  and 
safety  of  Ivory  Soap.  Ivory  is  used  in  nurseries  everywhere  because  it  never  has 
been  known  to  cause  the  slightest  irritation. 

To  use  Ivory  Soap  is  to  enjoy  a  delightful  bath  and  toilet,  with  the  added 
satisfaction  of  knowing  that  nothing  in  the  lather  is  even  remotely  injurious  to 
the  skin. 


IVORY  SOAP. .  S  ..  991^0^  PURE 


Digitized  by 


Google 


The  Outlook 

SEPTEMBER  25,  1918 
Offices,  381  Fourth  Avenue,  New  York 


E  AUSTRIAN  PtlACE  NOTE 

At  6:20  P.M.  on  Monday  of  lajst  week  the  United'  States 
vemment  received  the  official  communication  from  Austria 
•posing  a  peace  conference.  At  6:45  the  same  evening  the 
isident officially  rejected  the  proposal  in  the  following  words: 

The  Govemment  of  the  United  States  feels  that  there  is  only 
>ne  reply  which  it  can  make  to  the  suggestion  of  the  Imperial 
Lustre- Hungarian  Government.  It  has  repeatedly  and  with  en- 
ire  candor  stated  the  terms  upon  which  the  United  States  would 
onsider  peace,  and  can  and  will  entertain  no  proposal  for  a 
onference  upon  a  matter  concerning  which  it  has  made  its  posi- 
ion  and  purpose  so  plain. 

kVhat  the  Austrian  note  proposed  was  a  secret  conference — 
to  use  the  exact'  words  of  the  text,  "  a  confidential  and 
binding  discussion  at  a  iieutral  meeting-place  " — for  the  con- 
eraticm  of  possible  terms  of  a  general  peace.  The  Austrian 
«  did  not  propose  an  armistice,  but,  on  the  contrary,  asserted 
.t  "  the  war  activities  would  experience  no  interruption."  It 
de  an  appeal  for  such  a  conference  on  highly  moral  grounds, 
fountains  of  old  misunderstandings  might  be  removed  and 
ny  new  things  perceived.  Streams  of  pent-up  human  kind- 
is  would  be  released,  in  the  warmth  of  which  everything 
ential  would  remain,  and,  on  the  other  hand,  much  that  is 
agonistic,  to  which  excessive  importance  is  still  attributed, 
lua  disappear."  No  phrases  in  the  note  excited  more  con- 
ipt  than  those  just  quoted.  To  suggest  that  "streams  of 
it-up  human  kindness  could  flow  at  a  peace  table  from  Ger- 
ny,  which  has  crucified  and  tortured  Belgium,  or  from 
stna,  which  has  starved  and  laid  in  waste  Serbia,  was 
arded  everywhere  as  verging  upon  the  hypocritical. 
tVe  say  everjrwhere ;  but  it  must  be  regretfully  recorded  that 
re  was  in  the  United  States  one  notable  and  disappointing 
«ption.  The  New  York  "  Times,"  one  of  the  ablest  daily 
rapapers  in  the  English-speaking  world,  which  up  to  the 
sent  has  powerfully  supported  the  contention  that  the  war 
at  be  prised  by  the  Allies  to  a  decisive  and  final  military 
tory,  editorially  commended  the  Austrian  note,  saying  that 
arguments  are  "  presented  with  extraordinary  eloquence  and 
ce,  and  that  the  offer  is  one  "  which  the  AUiee  may  honor- 
y  accept  in  the  confident  belief  that  it  will  lead  to  the 
[  of  the  war,"  adding,  "  We  cannot  imagine  that  the  invi- 
ion  will  be  dedined.  This  strange  attitude  of  the  New 
rk  "  Times,"  which  has  been  for  four  years  a  source  of 
iogth  to  the  Allied  cause,  has  raised  a  storm  of  protest,  not 
y  in  New  York,  but  throughout  the  country,  wat  conclu- 
$lv  proves  how  sensitive  public  opinion  is  to  the  slightest 
ptcion  of  any  effort  to  bring  about  a  compromise  with  Prussia 
1  her  partners.  Even  the  New  York  "  American,"  whose 
rse  during  the  war  has  aroused  hostility  and  denunciation 
DDg  patriotic  Americans,  editorially  condemned  the  note. 
9  '*  A^merican  "  pointed  out,  as  The  Outlook  did  two  years 
>  in  its  comment  upon  the  peace  proposal  of  Germany  in 
.6,  that  when  the  Southern  Cfonfederacy,  with  the  approval 
hie  pacifist  Horace  Greeley,  suggested  a  peace  conference  to 
eident  Lincoln,  he  replied  that  ^ore  peace  negotiations  could 
entered  up<m  three  tnings  were  indispensable.    They  were : 

1.  The  restoration  of  the  National  authority  throughout  all 
le  States. 

2.  No  receding  hy  the  Elxecutive  of  the  United  States  on  the 
avery  ouestion  from  the  position  assumed  thereon  in  the  late 
jinual  Message  to  Congress  and  in  preceding  documents. 

3.  No  cessation  of  hostilities  short  of  an  end  of  the  war  and 
le  disbanding  of  all  forces  hostile  to  the  Government 

t  is  one  of  the  mysteries  of  modem  journalism  that  in  this 
nt  crisis  of  tbei  war,  when  the  American  Army  in  France  is 


making  its  spirit  and  power  felt  by  the  enemy,  the  New  York 
"  American  "  should  be  following  the  example  of  Lincoln,  while 
the  New  York  "  Times  "  is  acting  in  the  spirit  of  Horace  Greeley 
and  Jefferson  Davis. 

President  Wilson's  strong  and  unmistakable  reply  to  Aus- 
tria is-  not  only  applauded  by  the  entire  country,  but,  before 
this  reaches  our  readers,  will  be  followed  by  similar  notes  of 
rejection  from  all  the  Allies.  Public  opinion  in  the  Allied  coun- 
tries, as  reported  fully  by  cable,  is  united  in  opposing  Austria's 
"  peace  offensive."  This  is  in  spite  of  the  fact  that  there  is  a 
small  group  in  Great  Britain,  represented  by  the  London 
"  Chronicle, '  the  London  "  Daily  News,"  and  the  Manchester 
"Guardian" — a  group  composed  of  ultrarsentimentalists  who 
think  Prussians  are  amenable  to  brotherly  reasoning,  and  of 
financial  interests  that  want  the  destruction  of  property  to  cease 
without  much  regard  to  principle — which  has  rollowed  the  lead 
of  the  New  York  "  Times's"  editorial.  The  President's  quick 
and  effective  action  ought  to  put  a  complete  end  to  any  fears 
that  the  Administration  is  in  sympathy  with  either  of  these 
groups. 

In  December,  1916,  in  commenting  upon  Germany's  peace 
note  of  that  month.  The  Outlook  stated  the  irreducible  mini- 
mum which  it  believed  the  Allies  should  insist  upon  as  a  basis 
for  any  peace  n^otiations.  They  are  as  appropriate  to  the 
Austrian  note  as  they  were  to  the  German,  and  we  repeat  them 
here: 

The  immediate  evacuation  of  all  foreign  soil  by  the  German 
armies. 

A  declared  readiness   to  make   some  compensation  for  the 
iireparable  injury  inflicted  upon  Belgium  and  northern  France. 
Tne  expulsion  of  the  Turk  from  Europe. 
The  freedom  of  the  Dardanelles  for  the  commerce  of  the 
world. 

And  a  co«incil  of  European  Powers,  perhaps  of  world  Powers, 
to  consider  what  measures  should  be  taken  for  protecting  the 
rights  and  well-being  of  the  people  of  Alsace  and  Lorraine, 
Poland  and  Lithuania,  and  the  Balkan  States  ;  and  pre-eminently 
what  measures  can  be  taken  to  prevent  future  wars  between 
civilized  nations,  and  to  lift  off  tne  burden  of  an  intolerable 
militarism  from  the  overburdened  people. 

We  discuss  elsewhere  in  this  issue  the  principles  and  methods 
which  must  be  followed  in  any  genuine  negotiations  for  a  last- 
ing peace. 

AN  INSULT  TO   BELGIUM 

Simidtaneously  with  the  official  proposal  by  Austria  for  a 
secret  peace  conference  came  an  unofficial  report  from  London 
of  a  so-called  peace  offer  to  Belgium  from  Geriuany.  It  is  not . 
likely  that  Belgium  will  for  a  second  think  of  following  the 
example  of  Russia  and  engaging  in  what  would  be  a  second 
Brest-Litovsk  Treaty.  Nor  is  it  likely  that  Belgium  will  even 
consider  a  proposal  to  abandon  her  allies  or  to  forget  the 
infamous  outrages  and  ininriee  she  has  endured.  The  mere 
offer  to  patch  up  an  amicable  agreement,  coming  from  Germany 
to  Belgium,  is  a  deep  and  intolerable  insult 

It  is  more  than  likely  that  Germany's  proposal  is  made  with 
the  expectation  of  a  rebuff.  Germany  may  believe  that  if  the 
Allies  reject  the  suggestion  from  Austria,  and  if  Belgium  sooms 
the  proposal  made  to  her,  then  whatever  pacifist  sentunmit  exists 
among  the  Allies  might  incline  to  regard  Germany  as  an  honest 
seeker  for  peace.  Such  a  sentiment  might  weaken  or  slacken 
the  Allies  in  their  determination  to  attain  a  decisive  vic- 
tory. If  Germany  really  seeks  peace  with  Belgium,  which  wc 
doubt  it  would  indicate  a  growing  realization  on  her  part  of 
military  weakness.  Conceivably,  now  that  the  military  strength 

Digitized  by  VJWVJV  l\^ 


118 


THE  OUTLOOK 


of  the  Allies  is  waxing  while  her  own  is  ^a^ing,  she  may  think 
it  worth  while  to  ehorten  her  war  line  even  though  she  lose  sab- 
marine  bases  and  other  valuable  war  assets.  If  Germany's  cam- 
^ign  next  year  is  to  be  strictly  defensive,  the  elimination  of 
Be^um  would  allow  her  to  mass  her  defense  on  a  mach  less 
extended  line.  In  this  way  of  looking  at  it,  the  Belgian  pro- 
posal may  be  a  sign  of  constantly  lessening  hope  for  victory  on 
Germany's  part. 

The  proposals  included  in  the  offer  of  peace  to  Belgium  are 
summarized  as  follows : 

That  Belgium  shall  remain  neutral  until  the  end  of  the  war. 

That  thereafter  the  entire  economic  and  political  independ- 
ence of  Beldam  shall  be  reconstituted. 

That  the  pre-war  commercial  treaties  between  Gremianv  and 
Belgium  shall  again  be  put  into  operation  after  the  war  for  an 
indefinite  period. 

That  Belgium  shall  use  her  good  oflBces  to  secure  the  return 
of  the  German  colonies. 

That  the  Flemish  question  shall  be  considered,  and  the  Flem- 
ish minority  which  aided  the  Grerman  invaders  shall  not  be 
penalized. 

Nothing  could  be  more  characteristic  of  Germany's  brutal 
diplomacy  than  the  proposal  that,  after  Belgium  should  have 
abandoned  her  allies  ana  rescuers,  she  should  consent  to  act  as 
a  catspaw  to  save  Germany's  colonies. 

But  the  most  notable  thing  about  these  peace  conditions  is 
not  so  much  what  is  there  as  what  is  not  there.  Not  a  word  is 
sud  about  the  repayment  of  the  enormous  sums  of  money  taken 
out  of  Belgium  by  Germany,  nor  of  the  destruction  of  Belgian 
property,  nor  of  the  suffering  and  devastation  that  the  innocent 
people  of  Belgium  have  endured.  As  to  the  last,  there  are  some 
thines  that  can  never  be  paid  for,  and  in  time  even  Germany 
will  learn  this. 

Mr.  Lloyd  George's  phrase  of  two  years  ago  still  remains  the 
keynote  as  regards  any  possible  peace  negotiations  with  Ger- 
many :  *'  Complete  restitution,  full  reparation,  effectual  guaran- 
tees." It  applies  to  Belgium  even  more  positively  than  to  any 
other  coimtry. 


GERMANY'S  BRUTALITY  IN  AFRICA 

In  all  Germany's  talk  about  the  possibilities  of  peace,  as, 
for  instance,  in  that  by  its  Vice-Chancellor,  Herr  von  Payer, 
the  other  day,  one  of  the  definite  preliminary  conditions  laid 
down  is  that  tiie  German  colonies  in  Africa  should  be  returned. 
If  any  proof  were  needed  of  the  injury  to  civilization  of  such  a 
concession,  it  may  be  found  in  a  report  describing  the  adminis- 
tration of  German  colonies  of  Africa  just  made  public  by  the 
Acting  Secretary  of  the  Interior  of  the  Union  of  South  Africa, 
Mr.  £.  H.  L.  Gorges.  Evidence  is  adduced  from  official  German 
sources,  from  the  writings  of  authors  acquainted  with  the  facts, 
and  from  sworn  statements  by  native  chiefs  and  Europeans. 
The  report  is  summarized  as  follows  by  an  English  writer: 
"  The  first  twenty-five  years  of  German  rule  in  southwest  Africa 
was  an  unbroken  record  of  official  bad  faith,  private  oppression, 
cruelty,  barbarities,  and  robberies,  culminating  in  the  Herero 
and  Hottentot  rebellions.  During  the  first  seventeen  years 
there  was  no  law  for  the  natives.  Such  protection  as  the  law 
eventually  provided  indicated  considerations  of  humanity,  but 
the  order  to  exploit  the  natives  as  laborers  remained. 

When  the  ill-treatment  of  the  natives  led  them  into  insurrec- 
tion, the  "  discipline  "  of  the  Germans  took  the  form  of  out-and- 
out  massacres.  The  Hereros  were  reduced  from  eighty  thousand 
to  fifteen  thousand  in  number.  In  one  case  a  German  Governor 
issued  what  is  rightly  described  as  an  extermination  order, 
which  in  so  many  words  said  that  no  prisoners  should  be  taken, 
and  that  men,  women,  and  children  should  be  slaughtered  with- 
out mercy. 

After  brutal  force  had  restored  order  the  German  rule  was 
cruel;  the  rights,  interests,  and  development  of  the  natives 
were  ignored.  Naturally  the  natives  are  now  unanimous  in  feel- 
ing that  they  never  should  be  turned  back  to  the  tender  mercy 
of  the  Germans. 

In  every  instance  where  Germany  has  dominated  a  non-Ger- 
man people  or  had  dealings  with  a  weak  and  small  nation  she  has 
actea  solely  on  her  \Maio  idea  that  might  makes  right.  Not  only 


these  African  colonies,  but  the  smaller  countries  the  woridM 
have  nothing  to  look  forward  to  but  repression  and  oppres 
if  Germany  should  succeed  in  carrying  out  her  world-donumii 
plan. 


LENINE  AND  TROTSKY  PAID  GERMAN  AGENTS 

Extraordinary  revelations  as  to  the  relations  between  I 
German  Government  and  the  leaders  of  the  Russian  Boklin 
show  that,  even  before  Lenine  and  Trotsky  supinely  yield^i 
Brest-Litovsk  Russian  territory  and  Russian  independeuv 
German  domination,  they  had  been  involved  in  treachery  of 
basest  kind  to  their  country  and  to  their  own  associates.  Alt 
series  of  documents,  carefully  annotated  and  interpreted 
Mr.  Edgar  Sisson,  has  been  made  public  by  the  CommittM 
Public  Jjiformation.  Mr.  Sisson  represented  that  Conunitts 
Russia  last  winter,  and  there  gathered  die  material  for  t 
exposure  of  the  baseness  and  subservience  of  Trotsky  i 
L^ine.  Just  how  it  was  obtained  is  not  stated. 

Many  of  the  letters  thus  published  relate  to  the  anxiet;o(l 
German  Government  to  set  back  into  iheir  own  hands  audi 
of  the  Russian  archives  uie  evidence  of  their  secret  nudi 
tions.  For  instance,  one  letter  tells  of  a  deposit  of  fifty  mi 
rubles  of  gold  transmitted  from  Germany  uirough  Sto(Mobi 
the  People's  Commissars — that  is,  the  Bolshevm  leaden.  T 
money,  it  is  boldly  stated  in  the  letter,  was  to  be  spent  in  ptii 
the  aed  Guard  and  in  carryitag  on  anti-Bolshevik  ptopsjai 
in  Russia  and  Siberia,  whi(^  was  "  troubling  the  Gemun  (« 
emment."  This  was  months  before  the  treaty  of  peace  b^ 
Russia  and  Germany  was  signed.  About  the  same  tiiwi 
million  rubles  was  paid  for  uie  express  purpose  of  sendiii; 
Bolshevik  emissary  to  seize  the  *' Japanese  and  Americas  ■ 
materials  in  Siberia  " — a  significant  commentary  on  thenetc' 
the  despatch  of  American  and  Japanese  troops  to  YladiTofii 
which  happily  came  about  in  time.  Another  German  docnni 
in  the  plainest  of  words  refers  to  ^  the  opening  of  acoountti 
Messrs.  Lenine,  Sumenson,  Eoslovsky,  Trotsky^and  other  mi 
workers  on  the  peace  propaganda  by  order  Wa.  2754  of  I 
Imperial  Bank." 

The  German  Government  also  had  the  insolence  to  ask  the  1 
shevikleaders  to  tell  Germanyjust  what  supplies  had  been  nm 
from  her  allies,  where  they  were  and  what  forces  guarded  tin 
Proof  positive  is  reported  also  that  the  Germans  were  u^ 
that  social  agitators  be  sent  to  the  prison  camps  in  German; 
engage  in  peace  propaganda  among  the  English  and  Fie 
troop,  while,  on  the  other  hand,  a  German  official  writi^ 
Lenme,  curtly  and  as  if  from  a  master  to  a  slave,  calling  hii 
account  for  not  keeping  his  promise  to  prevent  any  Son* 
propaganda  in  Germany.  The  unparalleled  duplicity  of  I^ 
IS  seen  in  the  fact  that  at  the  same  time  he  was  trying  to  mak( 
Russian  proletariat  believe  that  there  would  be  a  German  i> 
lution  growing  out  of  Socialist  Russian  propaganda.  La 
accepted  the  rebuke  meekly  with  an  offer  to  discuss  the  w^ 
and  with  no  denial  that  he  had  made  a  personal  promix 
stated.  The  commercial  and  industrial  future  relations  of*' 
many  and  Russia  were  discussed  in  this  correspondence  in 
most  brazen  way,  with  proposals,  unrebuked  by  Lenine  ^ 
Trotsky,  to  make  Germany  supreme  in  Russian  finance  i 
industry,  and  to  bar  out  for  five  years  after  peace  migk' 
signed  trade  between  Russia,  on  the  one  hand,  and  France,  E 
land,  and  America,  on  the  other^m  vitally  important  proJ* 
Russia  itself  under  these  plans  ^uld  become  a  mere  Gen> 
province. 

Perhaps  the  most  singular  among  these  condemnatory  psi' 
are  two  documents  issu»l  in  Germany  in  1914.  These  p»i' 
were  evidently  procured  in  Germany  by  some  Russian  K 
were  sent  to  Petrograd,  and  were  preserved  in  the  arct 
there.  The  German  Government  knew  of  their  existent' 
demanded  their  return  to  prevent  exposure.  Copies  or  ( 
togpiuphs  are  included.  One  of  them  is  an  order  from ' 
German  General  Staff  dated  Jtme  9, 1914,  directing  aD  'nx 
trial  concerns  in  Germany  to  open  the  sealed  envelope)' 
taining  their  "  industrial  mobilization  plans  and  r^i^' 
forms, '  so  that,  as  Mr.  Sisson  comments,  they  might  oe  f 
pared  for  a  war  the  excuse  for  which  had  not  yet  bed ' 
vented.    The  second  is  also  an  order  from  the  German  Geii< 


Digitized  by  VJ\^»^V  IV^ 


CARTOONS      OF      THE      WEEK 


Kirbi/  in  the  .\>ic  York  World 


REGI8TKATION— EIGHTEEN  TO  FORTY-FIVE 


Greene  in  the  New  Yort  Evening  Telegram 


GOING   FAST 


AN   INGLORIOUS  CAREER  NEARING  ITS  END 


From  her  Brummer  (Berlin) 


ii«?-i-*^lp^ 


PATIENCE 
Don't  harry,  Kentleraen.  Every  one  will  have  his  tnm. 


A  HOPEFUL  GERMAN  PREDICTION  THAT  HASN'T  COME  TRUE 


Braakensiek  in  De  Amsterdammer  ( Atnsterdam,  Holland) 


Foeli :  "  Drop  that  sjiik  !" 
THE  GERMAN  BRIGAND  MUST  GIVE  UP  HIS  LOOT 


Bolshevik  Bfiir-lracit-r  :   "  Tlie  aniiiiul  ln-^'ina  to  ris*.-  ii^^iiust  iiu-.    I  t.in't 
hold  him.    And  1  did  want  to  do  him  a  lot  of  good." 

THE  APPROACHING 


120 


THE   OUTLOOK 


2S  Septcnh 


Staff,  and  was  issued  in  November,  1914.  Its  object  was  to 
prevent  the  sailing  of  ships  carrying  munitions  from  American 
ports  to  Russia,  France,  and  England.  It  proposes  "  delays, 
embroilments,  and  difficulties,"  to  be  made  by  "  sU  destructive 
agents  and  observers  "  in  the  United  States  and  Canada.  An- 
archists and  escaped  criminals  are  suggested  as  useful  agents. 
This  is  a  plain  confession  of  Germany's  criminal  activities  in 
this  country  while  the  United  States  was  still  a  neutral  nation. 
The  points  above  summarized  are  merely  typical  and  illus- 
trative of  the  many  underhanded  and  despicable  ways  in  which 
Lenine  and  Trotsky  acted  as  German  agents,  and  paid  agents 
at  that.  Over  and  o\ee  again  they  betrayed  Russia,  their 
former  aUies,  and  the  very  proletariat  they  professed  to  rep- 
resent. They  are  now  holding  onto  a  precarious  semblance  of 
authority  by  wholesale  executions.  Meanwhile  on  almost  every 
side  of  their  limited  territory  the  real  Russian  people,  aided  by 
the  Allies,  are  drawing  a  circle  of  resistance. 


THE  AMERICAN  VICTORY 

The  more  the  Germans  try  to  explain  away  the  importance 
of  Gener&l  Pershing's  great  success,  the  more  does  its  value 
become  apparent.  It  may  be,  as  the  Germans  say,  that  they 


havti  always  expected  to  abandon  the  St.  Mibiel  salient  if  j 
were  attacked  m  force ,  but  certainly  they  did  not  inteixl  i 
abandon  with  it  from  fifteen  to  twenty  thousand  of  their  i\ 
diers  and  guns  by  the  score.  Their  retreat  was  not  a  rout;  \n 
that  they  were  pushed  back  much  harder  and  quicker  tlui 
the^  had  imagined  possible  is  i>roved  conclusively  by  the  resuii 
If  the  St.  Mihiel  salient  is  of  no  value  to  the  Gena^ 
("The  grapes  are  sour,"  said  the  fox),  it  surely  is  of  Talne) 
the  Allies.  By  a  sweeping  movement,  the  salient,  as  some  oi 
has  said,  was  turned  inside  out  in  less  than  two  days.  Not  «d| 
were  some  two  hundred  and  fifty  square  miles  of  territoj 
occupied,  but  much-needed  means  and  routes  of  conmuuieatia 
were  acquired  behind  the  fighting  lines.  Far  more  important  i 
the  fact  that  a  part  of  the  AUies  line  which  in  the  past  hii 
often  been  called  "  »  quiet  sector  "  now  becomes  to  Genuanjl 
threatening  sector.  The  possibilities  here  for  attack  and  advan{ 
are  full  of  hope  and  advantage.  Hereafter  Germany  will  alwsj 
face  at  this  point  the  danger  of  a  thrust  on  a  large  scale.  0^ 
more  opening  b  avulable  when  Marshal  Foch  weighs  up  t^ 
relative  advantages  <^pttack  and  surprise.  Before  the  new  Inj 
great  distance,  lies  Conflans,  a  nul«i| 
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GAINS  MADE  BY  AMERICANS 
UP  TO  3BPTEMBEK  16. 


THE  ST.  MIHIEL  SALIENT.  WON  BY  THE  AMERICAN  ARMY 
Geneml  Pershing's  Fint  Army,  aided  by  French  forces,  attiwked  this  salient  from  the  south  and  west  on  September  12,  and  in  two  days  ware  in  oompkte 

with  many  thoosand  prisoners.   They  were  still  advancing  when  this  map  was  drawn 


Digitized  by  VjOOQIC" 


iw«- 


THE   OUTLOOK 


121 


THE  NEW  WESTERN  KKONT  FKOM  YPKES  TO  KHEIMS 
"livro  have  be«n  three  main  battle  froDts  in  the  Western  campaiin>  thia  year — that  of  March,  that  of  June,  that  of  .Vpteiiilxr.     The  reiuler  will  note  how  the  grrat 
Mini  of  Germany  have  now  ■hnuik  to  three  narrow  strips,  white  from  Ixtns  south  the  Allies  have  driven  well  over  the  line  held  by  Germany  before  her  offennives 
al^aa,  asd  elsewhere  the  old  line  and  the  new  touch  each  other  in  sevenil  places.     The  three  lines  indicate  irraphicnlly  the  vlib  and  flow  of  a  stuix-oduuit  ninii;!;!*'' 

with  the  Allies  to-day  pressing  the  enemy  hard  at  vital  points 


Digitized  by 


Google 


122 


THE  OUTLOOK 


inestimaUe  aid  to  Germany.  It  may  be  aawuMMtUiuiaiiB  to 
diet  an  innnediate  attach  on  the  strongbQld  of  Mate ;  liiitj£liie 
left  wing  of  Pershing's  azmy  advaooes  in  JLarraame,  Iheie  is 
danger  to  tixe  Germans  that  Metz  may  be  outflanked.  Already 
it  is  reported  that  the  heavy  gtms  of  Metz  and  of  the  Allies  are 
exchanging  fire. 

An  English  military  writer  compares  the  rapidity  of  the 
American  and  French  advance  in  two  days  with  the  "  slow, 
dearly  bought  victories  of  1915,"  when  the  Allies  were  fighting 
in  this  vicinity  for  the  possession  of  Combres,  and  declares  that 
there  is  no  part  of  France  which  has  greater  military  value  than 
the  block  of  territory  included  in  imaginary  lines  drawn  between 
Metz,  St.  Mihiel,  Verdim,  Sedan,  and  Longwy. 

The  American  First  Army  has  thus  carried  out  its  first 
extensive  operation  as  a  major  unit  under  American  chief  com- 
mand with  the  precision  of  clockwork  and  with  complete  suc- 
cess. French  forces  aided  in  the  movement,  but  the  weight  of 
the  blows  which  crushed  the  sides  of  the  salient  was  American. 
Our  losses  were  comparatively  small ;  the  enemy's  losses,  par- 
ticularly as  i^;ards  prisoners,  were  serious. 

Meanwhile  on  the  main  front  from  above  Arras  to  below 
Soissons  Marshal  Foch  and  General  Haig  have  made  gains  at 
several  points  and  have  kept  the  Germans  guessing  where  the 
next  heavy  attack  may  develop.  To  the  layman  the  probability 
seems  to  favor  the  choice  by  Foch  of  one  or  both  of  the 
extremities  of  the  line  rather  than  the  center — that  is,  in  the 
direction  either  of  Cambrai,  in  the  north,  or  of  La  Fere  and 
Ldion,  ia  the  south ;  certainly  the  Germans  have  been  kept  wor- 
ried and  busy  in  these  sections,  which  have  often  been  com- 
pared to  the  hinges  of  the  line.  A  study  of  the  larger  of  the  two 
maps  printed  herewith  will  show  that  the  British  have  made 

Sins  in  the  north  beyond  the  lines  held  by  Germany  last 
arch.  This  is  what  General  Haig  had  in  mind  when  he  said : 
*'  Already  we  have  pressed  beyond  our  old  battle  lines  of  1917 
and  have  made  a  wide  breach  in  the  enemy's  strongest  de- 
fenses." The  largest  Allied  advance  beyond  the  old  German 
lines,  however,  is  that  made  by  the  American  drive  in  the  St. 
Mihiel  sector.  These  advances  beyond  the  old  German  lines 
overbalance  in  extent  of  territory  the  narrow  strips  which  are 
all  that  Germany  retains  of  her  great  offensives  of  this  spring 
and  early  summer,  while  in  strat^o  value  there  is  an  immense 
difference  in  our  favor. 

There  is  every  evidence  that  tiie  Allies,  under  Marshal  Foch's 
brilliant  strat^y,  will  hereafter  force  the  fighting  at  the  points 
they  choose.  Germany  is  on  the  defensive ;  the  initiative  is 
with  us.  AH  the  stronger,  therefore,  is  the  need  for  the  Allies, 
and  especially  for  America,  to  push  their  effort  for  next  year 
with  every  possible  man  and  every  shell  available.  The  way  to 
make  the  war  short  is  to  fight  quick  and  hard  with  every  atom 
of  force  brought  to  bear  and  without  a  minute's  relaxation  of 
wiU  and  effort. 


THIRTEEN  MILLION   MEN  ENROLLED 

The  registration  on  September  12  of  all  men  from  eighteen 
to  forty-five  inclusive  not  already  registered  was  carried  out 
with  a  smoothness  and  machine-like  rapidity  which  was  really 
a  marvel  of  efficiency.  That  it  was  so  was  due  in  part  to  the 
voluntary  efforts  of  many  thousand  citizens  who  aided  in  the 
work  and  to  the  experience  of  the  now  practiced  local  registry 
boards.  The  machinery  used  in  political  elections  was  employed 
to  advantage. 

The  resmt  of  the  r^stration  corresponded  very  closely  with 
the  predictions  of  the  statisticians.  It  is  not  known,  as  we 
write,  exactly  what  the  total  of  the  r^istry  will  be,  but  there 
seems  to  be  no  question  that  it  will  exceed  thirteen  million,  and 
the  latest  estimate  we  have  seen  indicates  that  it  may  not  fall 
very  far  below  fourteen  million.  Thus  Provost  Marshal-Gen- 
eral Crowder  was  able  to  cable  as  a  birthday  greeting  to  Gen- 
eral Pershing,  on  September  13,  that  "  the  Nation  responded 
yesterday  with  an  enrollment  which  promises  to  exceed  all  esti- 
mates, thus  insuring  the  uninterrupted  flow  of  man  power  to 
the  Army  under  your  command." 

The  next  step  will  be  the  issuing  of  questionnaires  to  the 
registrants  between  the  ages  of  nineteen  and  twenty  and  those 
from  thirty-two  to  thirty-six.  Thereafter  will  follow  the  classifi- 


SSepta^ 


and  Ae-iih>Uiiiiiiiiiifc'  oi  tkdmnmil  daamm  -aa^ias  In 
dooe  be&we.  It  imt  bean  made  dear  tiiat  liie  reoentiiittl 
-mn-priarity  iadnrtnes  isRied  by  the  War  Indastries  Boni 
does  not  determine  completely  the  preference  list  vlaij 
serves  as  a  basis  of  industrial  exemption  from  the  dnii 
The  two  lists  are  not  for  the  same  purpose.  The  district  dni 
boards  are  perfectly  at  liberty  to  include  among  those  indostm 
the  workers  in  which  are  entitled  to  deferred  clasgificaln 
any  industries  which  seem  to  them  properly  to  biilong  in  tlii 
class  without  reference  to  the  specific  list  of  non-priority  inda 
tries  put  forth  by  the  War  Industries  Board.  In  each  ase  j 
rests  with  the  district  draft  boards  to  determine  whether  th 
industry  is  or  is  not  non-productive,  and  also  whether  the  hd 
vidual  man  is  or  is  not  absolutely  essential  to  the  industry. 

The  new  registration  will  provide  a  constant  stream  of  soidia 
by  the  hundred  thousand  to  join  their  fellow-fighters  sbn« 
in  making  the  name  and  flag  of  America  honored,  and  tbti 
country  a  major  determining  factor  in  overpowering  Genm 
ruthless  ambition. 


LABOR  STRIKES,  LOCKOUTS.  AND  THE  WAR 

While  Congress  did  not  pass  the  proposed  "'  work  or  fight 
amendment  to  the  Draft  Bill,  it  is  clear  that  the  President  mult 
the  war  powers  vested  in  him  is  determined  to  enforce  its  piii 
ciple  in  dealing  with  strikers  or  employers  in  essential  udu 
tries.  He  has  made  lus  position  dear  in  connection  with  tli 
strike  of  munition  workers  at  Bridgeport,  Connecticut  Ab« 
five  thousand  workmen  were  involved,  most  of  them  belongii 
to  the  Bridgeport  District  Lodge  of  the  International  Aswdi 
tion  of  Machinists. 

Under  a  general  understanding,  approved  by  the  Ameiiea 
Federation  of  Labor  and  by  most  of  the  employing  maoniil 
turers  of  the  country,  the  National  War  Labor  Board  at  Wul 
ington  is  now  acting  as  arbitrator  in  all  labor  disputes  mvolTii{ 
war  industries.  In  the  Bridgeport  strike  the  machinists  nhn 
to  abide  bv  the  findings  of  the  War  Labor  Board,  and  t!M 
the  same  time  the  officers  of  the  Smith  &  Wesson  CompaDj.i 
Springfield,  Massachusetts,  similarly  refused  to  abide  b; 
decision  of  the  War  Labor  Board.  There  was  also  a  std 
threatened  at  the  works  of  the  Bethlehem  Steel  Company,  ii 
a  certain  uneasiness  among  the  anthracite  miners  in  Prautsj 
vania  alarmed  the  country,  already  anxious  about  its  supply) 
coal. 

All  of  these  difficulties  the  President  has  settled  by  a  cool 
of  action  which  he  announces  in  an  effective  and  admiaU 
letter  addressed  to  the  Bridgeport  strikers.  In  the  ooum  i 
that  letter  he  a&yB : ' 

Your  strike  against  it  [the  award  of  the  National  War  Labor 
Board]  is  a  breach  of  faith  calculated  to  reflect  on  the  sinceiitT 
of  National  organized  labor  in  proclaiming  its  acceptance  «! 
the  principles  and  machinery  of  the  National  War  Lalwr  B«M<i 
It  such  disregard  of  the  solemn  adjudication  of  a  tribunal  tt 
which  both  parties  submitted  their  claims  be  temporized  whL 
agreements  oecome  mere  scraps  of  paper.  If  errors  creep  im* 
awards,  the  proper  remedy  is  submission  to  the  award  with  u 
application  for  rehearing  to  the  tribunal.  But  to  strike  againii 
the  award  is  disloyalty  and  dishonor. 

The  Smith  &  Wesson  Company,  of  Springfield,  MasssehD- 
setts,  engaged  in  Government  work,  has  refused  to  accept  tlu 
mediation  of  the  National  War  Labor  Board  .  .  .  appror^ 
by  Presidential  proclamation.  With  my  consent  the  War  Depart- 
ment has  taken  over  the  plant  and  business  of  the  Company,  u 
secure  continuity  in  production  and  to  prevent  industrial  (b- 
turbance. 

It  is  of  the  highest  importance  to  secure  compliance  wiii 
reasonable  rules  and  procedure  for  the  settlement  of  indtutiu' 
disputes.  Having  exercised  a  drastic  remedy  with  recalcitiu: 
employers,  it  is  my  duty  to  use  means  equally  well  adapted  t«  tt" 
end  with  lawless  and  faithless  employees. 

Therefore,  I  desire  that  you  return  to  work  and  abide  by  th( 
award.  If  you  refuse,  each  one  of  yon  will  be  barred  from  ev 
ployment  in  any  war  industry  in  the  community  in  which  tix 
strike  occurs  for  a  period  of  one  year.  During  that  time  tli' 
United  States  Employment  Service  will  decline  to  obtain  emptor 
ment  for  you  in  any  war  industry  elsewhere  in  the  Uniw 
States,  as  well  as  under  the  War  and  Navy  Departments,  tlr 
Shipping  Board,  the  Railway  Administration,  and  all  Goren- 
roent  agencies,  and  the  draft  boards  will  be  instructed  to  rejv* 


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THE  OUTLOOK 


123 


kny  claim  of  exemption  based  on  your  alleged  usefulness  on  wan-, 
production. 

This  letter  at  once  settled  the  Bridgeport  strike,  and  the 
ichinists  are  returning  to  work;  the  Bethlehem  Steel  Com- 
ny  has  announced  its  acceptance  of  the  War  Labor  Board's 
itrd  ;  and  it  is  believed  that  the  declaration  by  the  President 
the  policy  he  will  pursue  in  such  controversies  at  least  mini- 
2es  and  probably  removes  the  danger  of  a  strike  in  the 
thracite  region. 

As  the  war  continues,  the  **  work  or  fight "  principle  enunci- 
sd  by  President  Wilson  will  have,  we  think,  wider  and  wrider 
plication.  The  fact  is  that  every  citizen  of  the  United  States, 
m  or  woman,  who  is  not  a  physical  or  mental  defective,  must 
principle  be  conscripted  to  serve  the  coimtry.  We  must  aU 
t  into  that  frame  of  mind  in  which  each  one  is  willing  to  do 
iat  the  country  directs  for  the  good  of  alL  To  take  our  own 
Id  of  work  as  an  illustration,  the  military  censorship  is  a  form 
conscription.  In  certain  important  matters  The  Outlook  is 
d  to-day  by  the  Government  what  it  may  say  and  what  it 
ly  not  say.  It  aotjoiesoes  cheerfully  in  this  application  of  the 
rork  or  fight "  pnnciple,  provided  only  that  the  Government 
thority  is  exercised  for  the  good  of  all  and  not  for  partisan 
factional  purposes. 

UNITED  EFFORT  FOR  WAR  RELIEF 

The  appointment  of  Mr.  John  R.  Mott  as  director-general 
the  proposed  united  war  work  campaign  which  is  to  be  made 

November  is  a  guarantee  of  the  wisdom  and  broad  purpose 
the  plan.  As  the  head  of  the  war  work  of  the  Young  Men's 
xistian  Association,  Mr.  Mott  has  been  one  of  the  most 
piring  figures  of  the  war,  and  his  efficiency  and  warm,  human 
npathy  have  been  accompanied  with  the  widest  willingness  to 
operate  with  all  other  helpful  a^ncies. 
rne  seven  bodies  which  will  unite  in  the  effort  to  raise  the 
>nnous  sum  of  $170,000,000 — and  that  they  will  succeed  no 
)  for  a  moment  doubto — are  the  Young  Men's  Christian  Asso- 
tion,  the  Young  Women's  Christian  Association,  the  National 
tholio  War  Council  (including  the  activities  of  the  Knights 
Columbus),  the  War  Camp  Community  Service,  the  Jewish 
elfare  Board,  the  American  Library  Association,  and  the 
Ivation  Army. 

[t  is  absolutdy  true  that  this  is  not  a  philanthropic  campaign, 
ch  less  a  sectarian  campaign,  but  a  war  campaign.  In  Mr. 
ttt's  words,  **  These  seven  great  oi^anizations  represent  every- 
Qg  that  is  best  in  the  life  of  the  American  soldier.  They 
iresent  the  church  and  the  club  and  the  theater  and  the 
rary  and  the  athletic  field.  Together  they  follow  the  boys  onto 

troop  trains,  through  the  cantonments,  onto  the  transports, 
I  at  every  step  of  the  way,  even  to  the  front-line  trenches." 

EENYILLE  ANSWERS 

What  of  the  hinterlands  ?  New  York,  Chicago,  St.  Louis, 
i  the  larger  cities  are  splendidly  patriotic  and  able  to  demon- 
tte  their  feelings  in  parades  and  events  of  magnitude.  The 
idreds  of  smaller  cities,  the  thousands  of  vilbges,  for  the 
it  part,  do  their  knitting  unheard  of  and  unsui^. 
Jreenville,  South  Carolina,  however,  recently  round  a  way 
•xpress  its  devotion  to  the  Allied  cause  in  a  manner  both 
que  and  significant.  Greenville  is  a  bustling  little  city 
oted  in  the  roothills  of  the  Blue  Ridge,  three  hundred  mOes 
m  the  sea.  Its  mills  are  engaged  m  the  manufacture  of 
K>n  goods.  One  of  them  supplies  material  for  gaa  masks. 
t  OreenviUe's  closest  relation  to  the  war  is  its  proximity  to 
np  Sevier,  only  three  miles  away.  With  industry  and  the 
I  p  as  its  chief  interests,  the  city  realized  itself  peculiarly 
I  fitted  to  dramatize  the  fact  that  the  war  is  being  fought, 

by  the  Army,  not  by  labor,  but  by  the  whole  great  Nation, 

and  indivisiole. 
Looordingly,  on  Labor  Day,  1918,  Greenville  and  Camp 
ier  joined  in  a  celebration  which  included  the  Army,  labor, 
■/erttal  orders,  society,  all  elements  of  civic  activity.  A  picture 
\  poster  designed  for  the  occasion  appears  on  page  137. 
^nie  procession  included  Confederate  Veterans,  soldiers  of 
a.y,  the  Red  Cross,  Patriotic  League  Girls,  and  many  civic 


auooiationB.  It  .raovcid  past  the  Secession  Monument,  now 
decked  with  the  Stars  and  Stripes,  under  the  heavy  foUaged 
oaks  of  North  Main  Street,  to  the  City  Park. 

Here,  at  the  band-stand,  from  which  hung  the  banner  of  the 
War  Camp  Community  Service,  the  official  organization  under 
the  Government  for  connecting  the  town  and  the  camp,  the 
formal  prc^ramme  began.  The  Mayor,  on  behalf  of  the  city, 
presided.  Colonel  Louis  J.  Van  Schaick,  Commander  of  the 
90th  Infantry  Regiment,  brought  the  messt^  from  the  camp. 
President  John  E.  White,  of  Anderson  College,  son  of  a  Con- 
federate soldier  and  father  of  a  boy  "  over  there,"  fused  the 
spirit  of  the  occasion  by  speaking  on  "  Our  Common  Purpose." 

Judged  from  the  standpoint  of  mass,  compared  wiw  tiie 
mammoth  affairs  of  our  major  cities,  Greenville's  celebration 
would  be  unimportant,  ephemeral.  But  its  conception,  its  bear- 
ing on  the  National  purpose,  are  noteworthy.  Its  unique  nature 
in  combining  all  the  elements  of  the  city  and  the  camp  gives  the 
event  significance ;  but  its  especial  value  may  be  seen  in  the  fact 
that  thisspecial  demonstration  of  National  unity  was  staged  in  the 
hill  country  of  South  CaroUna,  the  first  State  to  secede  in  '61. 

"WHY   NOT     COMPROMISE    WITH 
GERMANY?" 

WE  give  on  another  page  some  details  of  the  commu- 
nication of  the  Austro-Hungarian  Government  to  the 
Allied  Powers  proposing  a  "  confidential  and  unbind- 
ing" conference  as  a  prebminary  to  peace  n^otiations,  and 
aiao  the  separate  proposal  of  Germany  to  Belgium,  secretly 
made  and  unofficially  reported. 

Overwhelmin|;  public  opinion  in  -this  country  and  among  our 
allies,  without  distinction  of  party,  supports  President  Wibon's 
prompt  rejection  of  Austria-Hungary  s  offer.  There  are  good 
grounds  for  believing  that  this  peace  move  is  not  sincere; 
that  it  Ls  a  blind  to  stimulate  pacifism  in  the  Allied  oooo- 
tries.  It  proposes  a  secret  conference  of  agents  who  will 
have  no  power  to  bind  their  Governments ;  and  this  country 
absolutely  i^rees  with  the  President's  statement  that  there 
can  be  none  but  "  open  covenants  of  peace,  openly  arrived  at." 
It  makes  no  suggestion  of  any  preliminary  action  such  as 
America  has  from  the  outset  insisted  must  precede  any  peace 
negotiations — action  admirably  defined  by  Mr.  James  M.  Beck, 
former  United  States  Attorney-General :  "  No  peace  parleys, 
formal  or  informal,  preliminary  or  final,  can  be  wisely  entered 
into  by  the  United  states  and  its  allies  at  this  time  unless  and 
until  Ae  Central  Powers  give  some  evidence  of  their  good  feuth 
by  vacating  Bels^um,  northern  France,  and  Russia,  lliis  should 
be  the  irreducible  minimum."  It  makes  no  offer  and  no  sug- 
gestion of  any  offer  for  indemnity  or  reparation  for  the  crimes 
committed  against  Armenia,  Serbia,  northern  France,  and  Bel- 
gium, and  there  should  be  no  thought  of'  peace  without  a  prom- 
ise of  such  reparation.  It  implied^,  if  not  in  explicit  terms, 
repudiates  the  conditions  expressed  by  President  Wilson  in 
his  address  to  Congress  on  February  11  that  "every  territorial 
settlement  involved  in  this  war  must  be  made  in  the  interest 
and  for  the  benefit  of  the  population  concerned,  and  not  as  a 
part  of  any  mere  adjustment  or  compromise  of  clauns  among 
rival  states."  No  result  from  such  a  "  confidential  and  unbind- 
ing "  conference  is  probable,  none  hardly  possible,  except  an 
unsatisfactory  peace  or  a  prolongation  of  the  present  war.  It 
is  true  that  no  armistice  is  suggested,  yet  it  is  certain  that  any 
such  peace  negotiations  would  make  more  difficult  the  vigor- 
ous prosecution  of  the  war  at  the  very  time  when  the  success 
attending  the  arms  of  the  Allies  ^ves  promise  of  victory  for  their 
cause  and  permanent  justice  and  peace  based  on  that  victory. 

But  besides  these  reasons,  voiced  both  by  statesmen  and  by 
various  leading  American  newspapers,  there  is  the  still  more 
fundamental  reason  that  there  are  some  issues  which  ou^ht  not 
to  be,  and  cannot  be,  settled  by  compromise  ;  some  enemies  with 
whom  there  ought  to  be  no  negotiations. 

When  Oliver  Twist  was  captured  in  the  streets  of  London 
by  members  of  Fagin's  gang,  tne  question  whether  he  should  lie 
rescued  or  left  in  tneir  keeping  was  not  a  question  which  could 
be  settled  by  compromise.  It  was  not  a  case  for  negotiated 
peace.    What  would  be  thought  of  the  police  of  London  if  in 


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124 


THE   OUTLOOK 


2S  Sn^rali 


mu'h  ft  trntm  tlwy  «i¥mlil  figreti  to  exiwt  no  iMUiutbtiufiit  frum 
I'Wiii  iM»<l  Jiill  HykMtif  KMipn  luul  HykM  winiIu  ffiv«  Oliver  up? 
iifltfluiH  in  Olivt^r  'J'wiitt  utultipliMl  »  tbwiuMUwl  told.  Germany 
i»  V»iilu  mui  Hill  Hykim  niiiltipli«(l  a  tbooMuid  told.  The 
iifVHum  liuvemnwut  Uhh  (»<1i<'iiiiry  dMflared  that  it  i*  holding 
( Hivur  Twf«t  M  »  |ww»  t<>  Im*  unmI  in  {tMUiii  D«gutiati<nu.  And 
ifputrfrnm  ill  Munii  ami  (i(»war«li('«  in  uthon  propoae  to  anfree 
Uiat  iu>  {NinaltiiM  nIuUI  Iw  iiii|NM<«(l  and  no  in(unnniti«H  exacted 
if  I^agiii  and  lilU  HyiuM  will  ifivu  ()liv<>r  Twint  up, 

Tlw  Kaiiter,  in  an  whlrtm  d«livt!red  lately  at  the  Krupp 
munition  worlia,  perhaiM  in  prH|)aration  for  the  anticHpated 
noinnmnidation  of  AuHtna-niini{ary,  appealed  to  itentimentalistfi 
in  otlittr  couiitritw  under  ifulHe  of  apiiealinff  to  (wtriotimn  and 
juHtiiM)  in  IiIk  own  nountry.  We  (piote  from  tni«  wUrem  a  aingle 
iwratfmph  i 

(iMi'Uiany'H  enanilai  hogtin  tlia  war  l>ecauM  they  were  envioui 
of  (Jtmiiaiiy'ii  iiroMparity.  Their  envy  benoiiia  hatred  when  tlieir 
tiHlimlHtiiinD  failed.  Oeniianii  do  not  know  hatred — only  honeit 
wrath  wlduh  duaU  tlie  enaniy  a  hlow,  ami  then  when  lie  i«  pro*- 
Imte  and  hluMltng  we  extend  hini  our  hand  and  look  to  hi* 
remtvery.  (iennany  i*  only  Hglitiny  for  exlatenoe,  and  mu*t 
iltfht  the  hattle  tlu-ough. 


ThiH  Htatenient  of  the  Kainer  iit  ^taralleled^by  a  paragraph 

Central  Powe 


lite  eiMiununimtion  ot  AuHtriaplIimgary :  " The Centraf  Powers 
IttHve  it  in  nil  doubt  tliat  they  are  oidy  wiufing  a  war  of  defenie 
for  tlw  Intem'ity  ancl  Uie  atH'urity  of  their  terrltoriea."  Tbeae 
H(Htt<ii\t<ntM  {kf  tlie  Kaiaer  and  va  AuHtria- Hungary  aaaume  a 
(HkliMMiil  IgnomutH)  in  tlieir  own  |)eo}tle  aa  to  the  onpn  and  the 
proKceiw  t>f  the  w««'ld  war.  That  uMtuniptiou  of  tl»eir  ignoranre 
uui,Y  l>e  j\iMtiUe(l  i  but  tlte  )Mto|tle  <if  U\e  eiviliaed  natituiR  who 
have  fm'Uietl  a  league  «if  iiuUual  Helf-pr«>teotion  againat  the 
( ievuinu  ItrimMulH  a)<e  not  igiuuiuit.  Two  weeks  ago  Dr.  Jooeph 
U.  (Mell,  The  ()utl«Htk'«  H)HH<ial  iHtrretipondeut  in  France, 
detKM'ilHMl  iu  Ita  itageai  the  tit«atiuent  given  by  the  retreating 
Ovmwua  to  a  deieitaeleiM  eitv  hi  their  (MitweHiiion.  We  recall  to 
our  ri<adera  a  few  MeutetuteM  muii  bin  groidiic  letter  : 

I  weitt  Intu  (HtAteau  Thlei>ry  on  tlie  heeU  of  the  Ainerioan 
advaiUHt  aud  aaw  Uiiiv^*  with  my  own  eye*.  Kverv  vandaliatic. 
iluuuUUt  H«tudii>h,  tiUTw  thuig  Uiat  uieu  cuukl  do  tneae  Huu»  did 
iu  (liAtwkw  'I'hiorry  jw«i  h«>fw«  th«>\  l*>(t.  Thw  strwts  were  Ut- 
Itsi-ed  with  th«  (kriYMle  pvuutxiaituw  u(  the  cititfitst  thrown  throu)(fa 
(tk«>  w  tudow«  i  ovei'v  buveau  aiul  ohiiTiuoM'  ttrwwttr  w»s  rtDed 
atkil  itit  vikMtiMkId  dvotrevMl  i  iu  the  l>«<tter-(<Uas  houaea  the  uatut* 
iu^a  w«ii;e  rivk^l  immI  the  ohiua  aud  |Mu\<ehuu  «uk«ith«Hl ;  (urui* 
tuve>kaa  Wlieu  er  kuM^kMli  minxura  wvre  iduverwl  into  «  thuu- 
MMUvl  tVH^'Ukeuta ;  uw»t(re<ui«a  KUii  u^j^olatery  w«re  aWhtnl ;  rivhly 
t>j>uud  UHkka  wMv  ripiMMl  t  lU  I'mv^  there  wna  hanlW  a  thii^  iu 
the  city  Wlil  kut«ot.  'Ine  hou»ea  «4  the  pooTt  iu  whH>h  the  Ger- 
UMUt  (urtxwiea  had  heeu  luUt^twi,  were  ju«t  »a  Wtly  (uUsgeil  «ud 
dv\a!>tate«,l  aa  the  Koutea  ui  the  >*eU~lo-<lok  'like  (.-hurvA,  gnutd 
euvku^h  (er  a  vathvih-td^  hiMi  uet  beeu  a)MMr«<l.  Its  ptuutiit:;!*  iumI 
tkhtti'H  iUMi  cifttvitivea  mkI  ^Oatkuw  gi  the  creaa  he>.l  beeu  tuthieaaly 
Wkttered  aunt  vUtiled.  Yet  eveu  thit*  Uvea  Uv4  t«-U  the  stur^ — a 
Ht«M'\  whWti  sHkuuot  W  twKl  tv  eeo^  whe  raapev"*  dei-euvv  -  for 
ihe  (icvuMkua  Wtt  Wk<^ua  vi'  ^vstctJ  iumI  uteut:^  ebaceutty  in. 
e\et'>  bMM!*e  I  vicuteit,  ami  I  eetered  aeoMe.. 

'1^-4  i*  u<.»t  be»»ix»y  i  it  is*  u<.>t  the  *ci\Hmt  of  an  unkui>wtt 
v>.>i-ret«|.>«.>ij<U-ut »  it  i*  th*,'  reiH.>rt  of  su»  Auierij.-aii  i-lervvuiiiu  ot" 
^«.>od  Ntuiiviinj;  iu  hix  V'hurvK  whoee  swxvunt  iu  our  vxJumus  ot 
ihv  uii:<.uu>  (.-aui^Mi  iu  Auteri«.*a  wa.-i  so  sKvumte  tluit  the  War 
lV|.>»vtiu<.'u«  iiJvlvr^txl  thiit  hiwhuu  *Jid  piibii.-yh*,^!  it  iu  learie* 
twui.  Uv«a  v.'tui  we  uegi>ti;tte  with  suvh  a  pe».n>le'.'  How 
ciu  we  c>.>»K-iliate  or  ut-s^v'tiitte  with  or  *,x>uipn.>uiL-<e  wich  a 
po>*t.'r  which  crieti  ^  b\\Kv !  l\tu.v!"  luid  »c  the  same  time 
s;v>ee  ».>u  iii  its  uiaJ  auv».'r  ifi  l>r»ititlit\  aiid  bv'Ktialicv  '  The  t."hiet 
ciKti  tA>  ',iK'  oihvvi-s  ot  justice*  "  Lee  ut>  h»ive  {K-do?/'  wiijle  die 
sjHJi^  wiiiuuit.'e  tM  buru.  t-HVH{;e,  dci»in>v.  ajul  miLnicr.  I:  is 
»vj>v>iU'vi  tiuu  l.n'iiiuui  si>iiiK-i->»  iwe  t'irui.-Ju\t  wth  pis&.>ti  so 
sui.ul  '.lUi:  thc>  can  be  >.vuct'.ut\i  iu  the  cii>st\i  n^t.     The  .s«.'i<;icr 

thlVWi  UJl  "lirv  'uuivts  Mid  Cfit'S  "    \     tilt  fill   '."      N\    UH    "u>  vTlJ'tor 

>i.ivui(>Ct»  tv   ;t<.\'v  (It  tile  l»i>>itt'i>'»l  -aii'^  Uiiff.    t:ic   M-utitT    Ml<'\>ts 

HOUI   huv  v.VUvV«iit.vl    !USt»>I.      I'll.-*  'N  winr    Vicl'IUiitV    :>  .(«  Km    I'll   i 

blj;  >*.\il«:'.  I'hc  l^'iu  rs  ui  Lx'ilia  JJui  \  •fiiiui  crv  -  !y  mu  i-^ul  .'" 
•*\\Av  iiuir  cv>utt»vic!N.  !u  aiuis  siii'v't ;  aii>i  '>i'««-l.'»'rnia;is  aim 
jK*».t:i^t>.  '.Uvii'  tile  .1  ,'«■ /■'/«('  ;uia  ci«'^e  liu  ir  «_>»•>  Oini  •ear^  to 
:i»c  ^iKvl'iii;. 

L;k-  Lkucviicius  u^».\i   cvtrv   SaluMiO  iu   :Iie  strvn.es  ot  tiie 


Eiiiaoopal  Chnrdi  proniises  tliat  the  Christ  shall  ""  guide  u 
feet  into  the  way  of  peace."  The  very  promise  implies  that  \ 
way  of  peace  is  not  always  dear.  Chnst  gives  to  his  disciJ 
peace ;  out  he  adds,  **  not  as  the  worid  giveth,  give  I  onto  fi 
What  is  the  difference  between  the  peace  whiui  the  world  gii 
and  the  peace  which  Christ  gives? 

The  world  sometimes  o£rers  peace  to  the  coward  who  fl^ 
from  the  field  of  battle  or  seeks  it  through  conciliatioD  ^ 
compromise  with  wickedness.  Christ,  never !  No  more  onetl 
promising,  no  more  vehement  repudiator  of  all  attempt; 
escape  conflict  with  evil  than  Jesus  Chtist  does  the  histon 
the  human  race  afford.  We  remember  Christ's  saying  toi 
penitent  brigand,  **  This  day  shalt  thou  be  with  me  in  pi 
disc ;"  we  forget  that  to  the  impenitent  brigand  he  offered 
word  of  comfort  or  consolation.  We  remember  his  humilitj 
washing  his  disciples'  feet ;  we  for^  his  saying  to  Peter,  i 
I  wash  thee  not,  thou  hast  no  part  with  me."  We  remember  | 


welcome  to  those  who  came  to  nim  in  penitence  and  with  a  pk^ 
to  a  new  life — Matthew,  Zaccheus,  the  publicans  and  harlots ;  | 
forget  his  rejection  of  the  self-confident  disciple,  the  pmij 
tinating  disciple,  the  irresolute  disciple.  Thousands  of  »em\ 
have  I^n  preached  on  the  &ther  s  welcome  of  the  retnn 
the  prodigal ;  not  many  on  the  fact  that  the  father  did  i 
receive  his  son  until  the  son  had  learned  his  lesson  and  <» 
back  with  "  I  am  no  more  worthy  to  be  called  thy  s<mi."  Tlij 
sands  of  sermons  have  been  preached  on  Christ's  saying 
Peter,  "Thou  art  Peter,  and  on  this  rock  I  will  buiMi 
church ;"  very  few  on  the  saying  tliat  followed  when  P« 
desired  to  nersuade  his  Master  from  the  cross,  **  Get  tbeehdi 
me,  Satan. ' 

There  can  be  no  permanent  peace,  no  just  peace,  no  Chriiti 
peace,  until  the  Germans  aliandon  the  territory  which  d 
nave  occupied,  lay  down  their  arms,  promise  to  do  what  i 
can  to  repair  the  wrongs  they  have  committed,  and  sue ; 
peace.  To  negotiate  terms  of  peace  with  the  criminals  »1 
they  are  still  continuing  their  crimes  would  be  to  make  <i 
8elv«e  their  accomplices.  The  only  peace  that  is  possible  i«< 
which  the  civiliaed  world  dictates  np<Mi  terms  to  which  I 
criiniuala  submit. 


THE  ADVENTURE  OF  ACQUIESCED 

A  man  who  was  bold  enough  to  create  a  career  out  ct 
limitations  once  laid  down  the  precej^  for  others  amiii 
haiHlii-apued,  **  The  conqoeet  of  fate  comes  not  by  rel)eij 
struggle,  out  by  acquiescence."  The  text  on  whit^  Trmi 
built  a  life  of  heroism  has  in  the:«e  days  of  universal  baffles 
a  iuei«iage  far  wider  than  hL$  application  of  it  merely  to  the  pi 
leuis  \>t'  the  ivn^iuuptive.  8ui>mis!>ion  to  incomprehensible  \ai 
i-ap  has  tt^Miay  bei'oute  fot  all  of  us  the  sole  rule  for  sanitv. 
st>le  c*>uditii>u  for  effort.  We  no  k>oger  see  or  know  <w  choi 
iustetHl  we  have  bei\>me  ex|>ectantly  acquiescent,  and  in  \ 
change  from  self-sufhciency  to  seif-<ioubt  we  »re  experiemij 
curivHiii  exhilaration  of  ailventure.  We  staggo-,  je*  we  U 
tVk  so  strong :  we  are  blimlt^  yet  never  saw  so  dearir. 
utter  battle  we  for  the  tirst  time  know  utter  peace.  Yet  la? 
such  peiice.  the  pesKv  of  a  gaj^  aurepted  to  the  attexmaet,  »1« 
beeu  (.K«sible  to  U5  if  we  kul  n«>t  thought  adventure  lay  u 
a  dift'ervut  road? 

Our  prvjuvlice  atrainst  acquiescence  was  dne  to  oar  ««■« 
iii^  the  spirit  of  subuii;«>tou  as  the  opposite  nfhrr  dau 
essence  of  ail wn  Cure.  Now,  ac«]uiescent:e  K  boC  rei^gna^ 
which  t»  par^\ziu^  :  aor  k  it  revolt,  whiek  is  i  ihaiiiti  i^r  i 
»(uie^-eui-e  is  t'.'ilowiaaj  the  path  f  >nt:^l  on  yoo  m  tike  faith  i 
ic  a<.>iiLs  more  iest  chaxi  any  iLirvctii.>n  yoa  mi^^ht: eikMHe  ft*" 
seif.  It  is  as  if  »e  wiere  y','iui:~tt-«  ^)iiis5  *"''  *  lark  3'  ■<' 
tVn>"it  tuui'.iar  to  a  W"o»L>maii  father,  who.  knuwriof;  t»'. 
tvy-i  aiui  tile  i*<x>L  wav-i.  aixi  himself  periiapa  rvvallv  »  ' 
Uir^'us  at  lieart.  m:_:tiL  bet'.-r^  witiiiirawinff  Co  the  ilta 
reinie^Mius,  jave  •.inliiutetf  tor  eui-li  out*  sepacate   fe.-il«.a^ 


ti-i:i  •T-'iiii-iiijj  m<.'i>;  irui  bv  tile  way  and  a  becter   fm  ii* 


at  tile  -uii  tiiau  any  to  be  •ix.werv^t  by  tile  lads £ar  tihese'''' 
I'  ■»i>Uj<i  .■£  .,•>  urse  be  uiervi'  a  ■iiif"<ion  of  <^araeter  »'-  ' 
tne  'Hi\-4  wnuiii  more  eu'vv  •ju:;:j^'ii<;  dieir  own  inisiac'-  •' 
our  ^'iniaiu-e  t;iuu  •jei-ves   m^j  -iii-r"  au»i  mute  cleaHv  v.--  ■* 


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tely  discernment  of  their  desires  .evinced  by  their  father's 
)ioe,  and  proving  to  him  both  their  kinship  with  him  in 
[intlessness  and  uieir  confidence  in  the  patterns  they  surmise 

hand  to  have  set  along  their  path. 

To  each  man  his  own  forest  trail.  Strange  that  even  with  all 
',  woods  of  the  world  to  draw  upon  so  many  separate  ways 
dd  have  been  d|anned  for  the  gallant  loneliness  of  single- 
ided  combat  I  To  each  man  his  own  high  hazards  fore- 
lained.  Yet  one  may  indicate  a  qnest  still  teeming  with 
(sibilities,  a  roadway  so  familiar  that  we  might  easily  miss 

mysterious  allurement.  An  ancient  creed  had  uncanny 
svision  of  that  day  when  men,  by  overdiscovery  of  earth's 
ysical  secrets,  should  be  confined  to  moral  adventure — to  be 
yhristian  stiU  remains  the  most  audacious  emprise  any  man 
I  make,  a  path  so  fearlessly  visionary  that  it  is  practically 
attempted.  There  is  a  fallacy  in  the  popular  conception  of 
th,  of  which  the  acquiescent  man  should  ^ear  his  brain  if  he 
X)  enjoy  to  the  full  the  inner  import  of  his  philosophy.  This 
lacy  18  that  there  is  more  daring  inherent  m  doubt  than  in 
ief .  Every  one  who  has  investigated  for  even  a  short  distance 
I  road  of  submission  knows  that  religion,  so  far  from  being 
I  solace  of  the  weak,  is  the  supreme  daring — dizzy,  tranacen- 
it — of  the  strong.  jFaith  is  the  frank  endeavor  to  get  the 
est  joy  of  existence  from  the  hypothesis  that  the  netted  laby- 
th  of  human  lives  thridding  earth's  forest  is  the  work  of  a 
:h  Designer  who,  of  all  our  endowments,  sympathizes  most 
;h  our  love  of  independent  adventure  as  being  closest  akin  to 

own  divine  impulse  to  experiment,  his  own  inexhaustible 
srgy  toward  perfection. 

\nd  the  end  of  all  the  paths,  the  appointed  meeting-place, 
t  death,  or  is  death  only  a  light-swung  gate  upon  a  road  of 
1  more  glamourous  exploits  ?  A  lifetime  practice  of  acquies- 
ice  forms  a  habit  of  expectation  that  makes  one  as  eager  for 
I  next  world  as  for  this  one.  From  Ulysses  down  through  the 
»  have  not  the  old  always  been  the  most  gallant  of  aU 
rentorers  ?  Gladly  divesting  themselves  of  the  last  remaining 
rden  of  human  vanity,  they  stand  ever  in  our  sight,  fearless 
make  trial  of  the  supreme  mystery. 

rhns  might  a  man  once  have  walked  his  way  through  life  to 
kth,  ever  ardently  submissive  and  secure  ;  thus,  strong  in  his 
losophy  of  aocjuiescence,  might  he  have  won  through  idl  fates 
1  fights  familiar  to  our  fathers.  But  what  of  to^y  ?  The 
ods  of  the  world  are  suddenly  black  as  no  man  has  ever 
»wn  them.  We  were  swinging  gallantly  through  the  forest, 
enely  confident  of  progress — and  now  ?  The  sun  struck  from 
I  sky  I  Traveler  songs  cut  short  by  blood-wet  hands  upon 
r  throats  I  Branches  that  crash,  earth  that  heaves,  lewd 
»  that  crackle  I  Foul  men  that  flout  to  our  faces  our  faith 
a  Father  who  awaits  our  arrival !  Each  one  of  us  g^ppling 
gly  with  despair,  and  yet  knowing  that  all  about  him 
lers  struggle ;  we  hear  the  straining  of  their  muscles,  the 
>bing  breath  of  their  fall,  their  voices  that  shriek  through 
i  blackness :  "  We  perish  1  O  God  of  battles,  vouchsafe  to  us 

>  meaning !" 

Well  for  that  man  in  this  hour  who,  having  through  faith 
de  a  high  adventure  out  of  life  when  existence  was  still 
nnal  enough  to  be  comprehended  by  human  philosophy,  holds 
his  band  uie  tested  weapon  of  his  confidence  in  the  unknown, 
lerewith  to-day  he  can  meet  the  utterly  unprecedented.  Shall 

>  adventurer  of  acquiescence — hands  disciplined  to  delight  in 
foreseen  combat,  heart  trained  to  welcome  all  foreorcmined 
portnnity  for  his  testing — be  first  to  guess  that  this  battle  is 
rhaps  the  supreme  adventure  set  humanity  by  its  Progenitor? 
mself  divinely  audacious  in  character,  has  that  Progenitor 
rough  finest  sympathy  with  our  soul  quests  selected  our  geuera- 
n  as  the  first  of  his  sons  to  reach  a  stature  great  enough  to  con- 
er  the  enemy  of  to-day  ?  Does  he,  in  paternal  pride,  risk  all  civ- 
sation  on  the  issue  of  our  prowess  ?  Has  he  perhaps  summonetl 
I  servitors  to  see  how  nobly  we,  his  sons,  can  fight  ?  Perhaps 
himself  stands  even  now  secret  in  the  forest,  restraining  his 
]>etuous  squire  Michael,  his  hardy  henchman  Gabriel,  lest 
•y  presume  to  help  men  who  are  his  sons  ?  Every  previous 
venture  of  ou.'  life,  when  intrepidly  accepted,  has  served  to 
itve,  through  its  fitness  to  our  desires,  his  sympathy  with  our 
lor.  Beyond  this  veil  of  agony  what  beatitude  of  comnuleship 
an  appointed  place  of  peace  does  he  perceive  that  he  is  able 


to  stand  quiet  watching  us  ?  Seeing  our  anguish,  must  he  not 
feel  his  hand  in  love  tremble  toward  his  quiverful  of  thunder^ 
bolts,  longing  to  hurl  them  all  to  our  support  ?  But  would 
not  one  sin^e  arrow  of  assistance  f^rgue  his  distrust  of  our 
divine  inhentanoe  of  bravery  from  himself  ?  Has  humanity  ever 
had  so  supreme  an  opportunity  to  show  that  we  believe  the  God 
of  courage  is  our  Fatner  ?  Never  before  has  the  race  of  men  had 
such  a  chance  to  prove  our  faith  in  GKnI,  for  never  before  has 
he  shown  such  faith  in  us. 


THE  EREMITE  WALKS  TO  CHURCH 

Being  a  patriotic  citizen,  the  Happy  Eremite  left  Elizabeth, 
the  Tin  Horse,  in  her  stall  and  walked  the  three  miles  that 
stretched  between  his  house  and  the  place  of  his  customary 
sabbatical  devotions.  He  did  not  want  to  walk  three  miles.  In 
the  first  place,  being  forty-odd  and  inclinmg  to  the  rotund, 
walking  any  distance  at  aU  was  an  unsatisfactory  business ;  in 
the  second  place,  walking  three  miles  to<church  meant  walking 
three  miles  nome  from  church,  which  made  six  miles  ;  and  he 
had  pot  walked  six  miles  since  the  days  when  he  had  courted 
Mary  Floyd  in  competition  with  an  indefatigable  monster  who 
based  his  appeal  to  Mary  principally  on  the  fact  that  he  was  a 
gorgeous  animaL  Ever  since  that  Awful  Year  the  Happy  Ere- 
mite had  disliked  pedestrianism. 

But  the  Happy  Eremite  was  a  vestryman,  and  vestrymen,  if 
they  are  wise,  attend  morning  services.  He  took  a  last  longing 
glance  at  Elizabeth,  the  Tin  Horse.  For  an  igstant  he  was 
tempted. 

"Pro-German  !"  he  muttered, addressing  the  Devil.  He  dosed 
the  garage  door  quickly,  and  resolutely  started  off. 

The  morning  was  clear  and  crisp,  as  mornings  in  September 
should  be,  and  the  countrjrside,  to  his  surprise,  was  really  very 
pretty.  He  wondered  whv  he  had  never  cnscovered  before  how 
pretty  it  was.  Farms  nestled  in  it,  browned, in  trees,  the  way  they 
did  in  books.  Cows  stared  at  him,  munching.  Their  placid  fea- 
tures gave  him  a  sense  of  tranquillity.  He  broke  off  a  twig  of 
birch  and  began  munching  himself. 

The  road  was  curiously  deserted.  Once  a  buckboa^  laden 
to  the  danger-point  with  a  Hungarian  couple,  their  progeny* 
and  their  boarders,  lumbered  past  him.  He  knew  them.  He 
kaew  also  that  they  possessed  a  Tin  Horse  themselves,  and  found 
himself  expatiating  inwardly  on  the  patriotism  of  the  newly 
naturalized  that  refused  to  give  gasoline  to  the  Kaiser.  He 
passed  old  Widow  Mayhew,  crusty,  stem,  and  stalwart,  bearing 
her  seventy-odd  years  likewise  to  church.  He  passed  a  group  ca 
city  folks,  elders  and  children,  summeringa  mile  beyond  his  own 
house.  Their  portion  was  eight  miles.  They  g^reeted  him  with 
a  zest  that  told  him  better  than  words  that  a  gasolineless  Sun- 
day was  a  romantic  adventure  almost  as  thnUing  as  a  trench 
raid. 

To  his  own  amazement  the  Happy  Eremite  found  himself 
waxing  firmer  and  more  elastic  of  step  as  the  miles  slipped  away 
from  under  his  feet.  He  had  expected  the  opposite.  He  had 
rather  pictured  himself  as  falling  into  his  pew  at  the  end  of  the 
three  miles,  an  exhausted  man,  puffing  and  knocking  like  an 
old  car  climbing  a  hill  "  on  three."  Actually  he  walked  like  a 
professional.  He  passed  everything  except  quadrupeds.  By  the 
time  he  reached  the  State  Road  he  had  rediscovered  his  youth, 
and  was  vowing  comical  vows  to  get  his  revenge  on  Mary  Floyd 
by  making  her  do  her  daily  marketing  on  foot. 

The  church  was  on  the  comer  of  the  State  Road,  and  the  bell 
was  tolling  its  message  to  deacons,,  vestrymen,  and  all  other 
good  people  as  the  Happy  Eremite  reached  it.  But  he  did  not 
at  once  obey  the  summons.  He  stood  on  the  comer  staring  at 
the  great  thoroughfare. 

lie  stared  up  its  length  of  black  asphalt  under  the  arching 
elms,  and  turned  and  stared  down  its  length  of  black  asphalt 
under  other  arching  elms.  The  State  Road  was  a  highway  unit- 
ing two  of  the  greatest  cities  in  the  country.  Generally  on  a 
Sunday  morning  three  hundred,  four  hundretl,  five  hundred, 
six  hundred  cars,  every  hour  passed  that  comer,  going  east  or 
going  west.  To-day  there  was  no  car  in  sight. 

He  waited.  He  waiteil  even  after  his  vestryman's  conscience 
told  him  he  had  no  business  longer  to  wait.   Ila  !  Then  at  la-st 


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THE  OUTLOOK 


25  Septeafc 


came  an  automobile.  One  slacker,  any;vay  I  T^e  ctvr  whizzed 
by.  There  was  a  label  on  it —  Official  business.  An  officer  in 
uniform  was  driving  it.  The  Happy  Eremite  still  waited, 
fascinated.  At  length  another  car  came.  It,  too,  bore  a  label — 
Physician.  Still  he  waited.  The  second  car  whizzed  out  of 
sight.   A|nun  the  highway  was  empty. 

"  Oh,  Bill,  Bill,  Bill !"  murmured  the  Happy  Eremite  at  last 
"  Oh,  William,  your  goose  is  cooked.  I  always  rather  guessed 
it  would  be  cooked,  William,  sooner  or  later.  But  I  never  knew 
it  for  sure.   Now  I  know.    For  no  one  has  shouted, '  Fer&oten/' 


No, one  has  said, '  You  aha^n't  go  joy-riding  of  a  Sunday.'  Sob 
one  has  merely  said,  '  I^or  the  sake  of  your  country ^  it  migk\ 
better  if  you  aidnH.'  And,  William,  die  roads  are  swept  da 
of  Lizzies  large  and  Lizzies  small  as  all  the  guns  yon  own  oool 
never  in  the  world  have  swept  them.  Take  it  from  me,  Williu 
take  it  from  me.  Your  goose  is  cooked  and  your  ganda 
boiled  in  vinegar.  Look  around  and  choose  your  exit,  Bil 
America  means  business  I" 

Whereupon  the  Happy  Eremite  entered  the  church  jast  i 
time  to  praise  God  from  whom  all  blessings  flow. 


A  PLAN  TO  HELP  POLICEMEN  OUT  OF  TIGHT  PLACE! 

AN  INTERVIEW   WITH    COMMISSIONER   ENRIGHT   BY   H.   H.   MOORE,   OF 

THE   OUTLOOK    STAFF 


COMMISSIONER  RICHARD  E.  ENRIGHT,  the  head 
of  the  New  York  City  Police  Department,  sat  at  his  big 
desk  in  Headc|uarters.  He  is  a  big,  stalwart,  upstanding 
man ;  but  not  too  big,  like  some  of  the  old-time  police  officers 
who  looked  as  if  uiey  couldn't  run  a  block  without  being 
winded.  He  was  nattily  dressed,  as  becomes  a  chief  who  wants 
his  men  to  look  spruce ;  but  he  was  not  bediamonded  as  New 
York  officials  were  pictured  in  the  political  caricatures  of  the 


COHHISSIONEB  ENBIOHT  AT  HIS  DESK  AT  FOUCK 
HEAIX1UARTER8 

days  of  Tweed.  He  spoke  fluently  ;  but  not  too  fluently,  as  do 
some  of  the  people  who  are  all  words  and  no  action.  He  looks 
you  squarely  in  the  face  out  of  steady  eyes  and  shakes  your 
hand  with  a  good  honest  grip,  and,  in  short,  ^^ves  you  the  im- 
pression of  being  just  the  man  you  would  like  to  see  coming 
around  the  comer  of  a  city  street  on  a  dark  night  if  you  needed 
a  friend. 

I  had  called  to  see  Commissioner  Enright  about  a  plan  that 
he  has  under  consideration  to  help  new  policemen  out  of  finan- 
cial difficulties.  I  had  not  known  they  ever  were  in  that  kind 
of  trouble,  and  said  so  to  the  Commissioner. 

"  Well,  it's  thb  way,"  Commissioner  Enright  explained. 
"  You  probably  don't  taiow,  for  most  people  don't,  that  a  newly 
appointed  policeman  has  to  spend  between  two  and  three  hun- 
dred dollars  for  his  outfit.  He  has  to  buy  two  uniforms,  an 
overcoat,  a  blouse,  a  sweater,  two  caps,  a  rubber  coat,  rubber 
boots,  a  revolver,  a  pair  of  nippers,  and  even  a  mattress  to  sleep 
on  and  bedding  to  cover  him.  Most  of  these  things  wear  out  and 
then  he  has  to  replace  them.  How  is  he  to  find  the  money  for 
this  outfit  ?  Not  many  young  men  from  the  classes  that  seek 
appointment  have  money  in  tiae  bank.  So  they  have  to  borrow. 

"  I  know  this,  because  it  was  my  own  experience.  When  I 
was  appointed,  the  new  patrolman  got  $1,000  a  year — after- 
wards this  was  reduced  to  $800,  now  it  is  $1,200.  I  was  a  bach- 


elor, but  even  so  I  found  that  amount  very  little  to  live  on  i 
this  expensive  city,  and  I  had  at  once  to  borrow  money  for  n 
outfit.  Tor  sevend  years  I  was  in  hot  water  over  these  debt 
What  must  it  be  for  the  man  with  a  wife  and  children  ?" 

Here  the  Commissioner  reached  across  his  desk  for  a  fikai 
produced  a  letter.  He  went  on  : 

^  It  was  this  letter  that  set  me  thinking  about  some  plan  i 
help  the  policeman  who  is  in  debt  for  his  outfit.  This  na 
asked  for  an  interview,  and  here  states  his  case.  He  esLjt  I 
can't  support  his  familv  and  pay  his  debts  too.  He  owes  oti 
one  htmdred  dollars,  which  he  has  been  trying  to  pay  back  i 
installments.  Then  he  has  his  Liberty  bond  to  pay  for,  he  h 
benefit  dues  to  pay,  a  doctor's  bill,  and  so  on.  When  he  caa 
to  see  me  he  said,  'Commissioner,  isn't  there  some  way  I 
which  I  could  borrow  a  couple  of  himdred  dollars  at  low  iote 
est  ?  If  there  was,  I  could  pay  off  my  creditors  and  get  out  i 
this  snarl,  and  then  I  would  get  rid  of  the  new  debt  in  a  ye 
or  so,  I  am  sure.' 

"  I  felt  sorry  for  this  inan,  for  I  had  been  in  the  same  tronb 
myself,  and  I  said, '  I'd  lend  you  the  money  myself,  but  wheit 
I  l)e  as  soon  as  the  thing  got  around?  Dozens  and  himdred«i 


Penmon 

Honae  tax  (bed-making,  at  SI  per  mooth) 

Bootblack,  at  T5c.  per  month 

Lunianoe  (inolndine  Department  aaaociations) 

Orerooat  (on  time,  $60),  cash 

Winter  blonae  (on  time,  S31.S0),  oash 

Winter  tronaers  (on  time,  S11.90),  oaah 

Snmmer  suit  (on  time,  825),  cash 

Beddine  (inclnding  mattien,  blankets,  sheets,  pillows,  etc.), 

complete , 

Snmmer  cap 

Winter  cap 

Winter  gloves  (book) 

Woolen  gloves 

Summer  gloves 

Revolver 

Whistle 

Pocket  "  billy  "  \ritb  atrap  and  number 

Night  baton 

Boots. 


sao.oo 

12.0a 
9.O0 
50.00 
.15.00 
28.00 
10J» 
22J0 

35.00 

1.SI 

1.85 

2.25 

.90 

JO 

14.00 

.40 

.45 

JO 

4.00 

Robber  coat  with  cape 7.P3 

Robber  cap  cover , .{IS 

Safetjr  holster  (for  revolver) IJO 

Cartridge  holder .25 

Belt 75 

Robbers,  per  pair 1.90 

Dress  baton 45 

Tassel  (for  dress  baton) TO 

Nippers  and  holder ,95 

Cwtridges,  per  box 1.10 

Total «284.(>5 


■WHAT  A  NEW  YORK  CITY  POUCKMAN  MUST  BPBND  (KXCLUBIVE  OF  UTEW 
KXFBNSES)  DinitNO  HIS  FIRST  YEAS  OF  8KRTICE  ON  A  &ALAKY  OF  $!,(« 

other  men  in  a  similar  fix  would  be  after  me,  and  what  could 
do  ?  But  I  am  going  to  think  out  a  plan  for  helping  you  u 
the  other  men  who  have  debts  and  are  paying  ni^  rates  < 
interest  on  them.' " 

"  Well,  Commissioner,"  I  said,  "what  is  your  plan  T* 
"  It's  this :  If  some  man  or  men  who  have  made  their  monf 
in  New  York  City  and  feel  friendly  towards  the  place  will  o 
operate  with  me,  I  can  do  it.  I  want  twenty-five  thomvl 
dollars  and  I  don't  want  to  pay  any  interest  on  it.  I  will  ««1 
as  a  revolving  fund  for  the  benefit  of  these  men.  I  will  \Ai 
fifty  dollars  nere,  there  a  hundred,  maybe  sometimes  a  hti 


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mqjre.  The  men  ynU  pay  it  liack  in  monthly'inBtallmentB;  say 
fivt  or  ten  dollars  a  monih.  I  will  chai|;e  them  three  per  cent 
interest,  to  pay  for  clerical  help,  stationery,  and  so  on.  In  a 
year  most  of  them  would  be  out  of  debt.  If  any  of  the  good 
people  who  have  lent  the  money  want  it  back  it  will  be  weirs 
on  demand.  They  won't  get  any  interest  in  money,  but  they 
will  get  a  big  return  in  gmd  will  and  in  feeling  that  they  hare 
relieved  a  lot  of  pretty  {^>od  men  of  a  heavy  burden." 

Here  I  interposed  an  objection. 

"•  Commisraoner,  the  city  supplies  the  Department  heads  with 
autoinotnleflf  doesn't  it»  became,  efficienoy  and.  the  good  of  the 
force  dfWMMid  it?" 

•*TeH." 

**  Weil,  «^  simdEbi^fc  Oe  city  sa^ply  tiw  gjiiwiiif  witk 
thMT  ootft  heaaamwB^ataermiibe^tmi.  of  tib*  faBailniwii] 
it  ?  W^hy  draold'  &ib  cilji  lumin.aM'flHMi  vn 
another  man  pay  for  a  dub  and  a  revohrer?** 

"  Well,"  was  the  answer, "  there  is  some  logic  in  that,  as  there 
is  in  the  other  fact  that  the  Government  supplies  a  soldier  with 
his  equipment  But  practically  there  are  too  many  difficulties 
in  your  plan.  If  the  police  were  to  get  their  outfit  free  the  fire- 
men would  want  theirs  free,  and  then  the  street-cleaners.  And 
then  Father  Knickerbocker  would  throw  up  his  hands  and  say, 
^  You're  putting  more  taxes  on  me  I  It'll  cost  ten  million  dollars  I 
And  I  won't  stand  for  it.' " 

^  Well,  why  not  get  the  Legislature  to  g^ve  you  an  appro- 
priation?" 

"  That  would  be  impossible.  There  would  be  the  same  cry 
about  taxation,  and  added  to  it  would  be :  '  PatemalLsm !  Let 
New  York  City's  police  take  care  of  themselves  and  not  look  to 


the  State  for  aid.'  Sb  tlie  trouble  would  still  be  with  ns.  I've 
thought  the  thine  pretty  well  through,  and  if  I  can  get  a  few 
willing  hands  to  help  I'm  sure  we  can  aid  these  patrolmen  along 
the  line  I  suggest.  There  is  stmwthing  in  the  spirit  of  the  times, 
too,  that  would  make  my  plan  a  eood  aae  for  i^e  helpers  as 
weU  as  the  helped.  The  pouce  of  New  York,  I  believe,  are  im- 
partial protectors  of  property,  but  sometimes  one  hears  of  one  <rf 
them  saying,  '  What  do  these  rich  euys  do  for  us  ?  We  pound 
the  pavement  all  day  and  all  night  for  them,  but  do  we  ever  get 
any  gratitude  for  it?'  If  ever  any  of  the  police  feel  that  way 
they  would  have  a  change  of  heart  if  they  found  that  some  men 
wiuL  money  were  helping  to  keep  thun  free  from  debt  and  out 
of  the  hands  of  the  money  AaAa." 

The  C«MnmiaBianiw  zoai^  lor  I  had  speat  half  an  hour  with 
him  and  tbmaLwae  admB  imaHag  to  see  him.   As  he  shook 

,  "'.XotLtema.  to  fike  flowaxs,  Conunis- 

He  said,  "Just  step  out  here  a  minute." 

We  walked  through  French  windows <m  to  a  roof  space  adjoin- 
ing his  office.   It  was  freely  decorated  with  potted  ^ants. 

"  After  I  had  been  working  five  or  six  months  on  this  job," 
he  said,  "  I  took  a  short  vacation.  When  I  came  back,  I  found 
the  boys  had  done  this."  The  big  man  beamed  as  he  looked  at 
the  blooming  plants.  I  thought  to  myself,  "  That  man  certainly 
has  a  big  heart — he  loves  flowers  and  he  loves  his  '  boys.' " 

Now,  if  some  other  big-hearted  men — or  women — are  willing 
to  help  him,  and  to  help  the  New  York  police  force  in  a  fight 
against  a  burden  of  debt  that  affects  perhaps  fifty  per  cent  ci 
them,  let  them  address  Commissioner  Ridiard  £.  Enright, 
Police  Headquarters,  New  York  City- 


SMASHING  THE  GERMAN  WILL  TO  WIN 

BY   D.  THOMAS   CURTIN 

AUTHOR  OF   "THE  LAND  OF  DEEPENING  SHADOW,"  "THE  INVINCIBLE  ABMY,"    ETC. 


ONE  autumn  day  in  1916  Herr  Stresemann,  the  great 
Industrialist  leader  of  the  Reichstag,  famous  for  his 
invectives  against  America,  stopped  me  on  Unter  den 
Linden  in  Berlin  with  the  remark : 

*'  Do  you  think  that  your  country  will  break  with  us  if  we 
ise  the  submarine  to  its  fullest  capacity  ?" 

"  1  feel  absolutely  certain  of  it,    I  replied. 

He  paused,  while  his  eyes  flashed  ana  hia  jaw  hardened. 

"  WeD,  we're  going  to  do  it,  none  the  less,"  he  declared, 
imphatically.  "  .^^r  all,  what  could  the  United  States  do  if 
ihe  did  enter  the  war  ?  You  are  not  a  nation  in  the  German 
lense.  You  have  a  vast  extent  of  territory,  to  be  sure ;  and, 
lumbering  population  as  one  would  cattie,  you  have  more  than 
ve.  But  what  a  population  I  I  will  tell  you  what  your  coimtry 
s  :  America  is  a  continent  of  jelly ,  full  of  indissoluble  lumps 
rfjvreignersr 

This  statement  by  this  prominent  German  vitally  concerns 
IS,  our  lives,  and  our  fortunes. 

Why? 

Herr  Stresemann  b  the  head  of  the  German- American 
[ndustrial  Alliance,  the  Saxon  Industrial  Alliance,  is  heavily 
nterested  in  the  North  German  Lloyd,  and  is,  in  short,  one  of 
lie  leaders  in  the  politics  of  big  industry  in  Germany  domi- 
lated  by  the  Krupps.  He  has  steadily  backed  the  Tirpitz  policy 
Old  all  that  it  means ;  and  not  only  will  he  and  his  party  con- 
inae  to  exhort  their  countrymen  never  to  give  up  Alsaoe- 
L<orraine,  but  they  will  also  exhort  the  German  millions  to 
luld  the  occupied  districts  of  France  and  Belgium.  He  works 
land  in  hand  with  the  Krupps  in  their  ambitious  and  alarmingly 
uooeesful  scheme  to  control  the  whole  German  press,  in  order 
hat  they  may  forge  manacles  for  the  minds  of  the  German 
•eople,  so  that  these,  in  their  efficient  millions,  will  continue 
lie  bloody  work  of  militaristic  commercialism. 

Herr  Stresemann  and  the  vast  majority  of  his  countrymen 
hink  they  can  win  because  they  believe  that  we  cannot  turn 
tw  scales.  They  base  this  belief  upon  the  opinion  of  us  crystal- 
iaed  in  the  "  jdly  "  quotation  given  above.  Throughout  Ger- 
many I  ocxistuitly  h«urd  such  remarks  as :  "  The  Americans 


are  money  mad  and  are  willing  to  pay  any  price  for  peace  I" 
"  We  can  always  buy  America !"  "  What  could  you  do  ?  You 
are  not  soldiers."  "  If  your  Government  tried  to  do  anything, 
you  would  have  civil  war." 

The  reason,  therefore,  why  the  German  belief  that  we  can- 
not mobilize  all  our  resources  concerns  vitally  every  one  of  us  is 
that  in  this  war  of  endurance — a  war  in  which  I  have  seen  both 
sides  in  Europe  bending  beneath  the  strain — the  one  thing  that 
buoys  each  side  is  hope.  Deprive  either  of  it,  and '  the  other 
wins.  Hope  is  the  greatest  boon  to  the  human  race.  It  has 
saved  lives  and  has  made  republics  and  empires.  Convince  the 
German  people  that  further  sacrifices  and  deprivations  are  use- 
less, and  we  shall  be  within  sig4it  of  peace. 

"  Isn't  it  strange  that  the  Germans  keep  on  fighting  when 
they  have  no  chance  to  win?"  is  a  remark  I  have  heard  many 
times  since  my  return  home. 

The  majority  of  the  Germans  do  not  see  it  that  xoay. 

Only  duriiiig  oneperiod  of  the  war  thus  &r  has  hope  almost 
faded  from  them,  lliat  was  in  the  summer  and  autumn  of  1916, 
when  food  shortage,  the  breakdown  at  Verdun,  and  the  combined 
attacks  east  and  west  shook  Germany  and  threatened  her  much- 
vaunted  unity.  Pessimism  was  contagious.  Eveiybody  grumbled. 
Nobody  smiled  publicly.  As  I  passed  among  them,  I  felt  like  a 
man  standing  on  a  dripping  landscape  with  all  horizons  leaden- 
hued.  At  last  the  German  Government  was  up  against  it  with 
its  own  people.  It  played  its  Hindenburg  card,  and  was  success- 
ful more  through  AUied  weaknesses  than  German  strength, 
tremendous  as  that  is.  The  clouds  lifted  over  Rumania  and 
Russia,  and  the  sustaining  sunshine  of  hope  smiled  again  upon 
the  Central  Powers. 

Once  more  the  leaders  sought  to  fill  the  people  with  the  will 
to  hold  out  and  endure  anything  rather  than  yield.    For  four 

fears  I  have  done  nothing  but  study  the  war  on  both  sides,  and 
am  thoroughly  convincei  that  the  '*  will  to  win  "  will  be  the 
final  deternunant.  It  has  been  developed  in  the  Germans  to  a 
high  d^pree  through  a  combination  of  patriotism,  delusion,  and 
the  horror  of  the  taxation  burdens  consequent  upon  defeat.  We 
must  develop  it  to  an  equal  and  even  greater  extent    We  shall 


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have  done  this  when  the  overwhelming  majority  of  us  are 
resolved  that,  from  Uie  Atlantic  to  the  Pacific  and  l^from  the 
Great  Lakes  to  the  Rio  Grande,  every  scrap  of  energy  we  pos- 
sess dhall  be  mobilized  and  concentrated  to  the  one  purpose  of 
smashing  Kaiserism. 

This  means  sacrifices,  and  we  have  got  to  make  them.  Bat 
the  great  and  hopeful  fact  is  this :  The  more  guicMy  we  impress 
upon  the  people  of  Germany  that,  storming  shoulder  to 
shoulder,  we  are  wuling  to  make  any  sacrifices,  thai  we  are 
resolved  to  stick  to  the  finish,  and  that  we  are  developing  a 
power  commensurate  with  our  vast  resources  and  great  pop/a- 
lation,  the  less  will  our  sacrifices  be  / 

Why? 

For  the  simple  reason  that  the  German  vnll  to  win  will  crack 
with  the  vanishing  of  the  hope  to  win.  When  that  happens,  the 
German  people  wifidemaudsomething  definite  in  the  wayof  peace 
terms  from  their  l^ers.  They  may  3ien  refuse  further  to  follow 
the  miHtaristic  pan-German  will-o  -the-wisp  into  the  death  bogs 
of  despair.  F'et  that  can  happen  only  when  the  people  of  Ger- 
many are  made  to  feel  that  there  is  a  greater  force  outside  in 
the  world  than  that  forceof  which  they  form  apart,  and  which 
they  have  been  taught  since  childhood  is  the  greatest  force  in 
the  world. 

There  are  many  ways  in  this  most  complex  of  wars  in  which 
we  and  our  allies  must  develop  such  force  and  show  Germany 
that  we  possess  it.  One  of  the  most  important  of  these  is  finance. 
Right  here  is  where  every  one  of  us,  no  matter  upon  what  man- 
ner of  war  work  we  may  be  engaged,  can  do  an  additional  some- 
thing materially  to  end  the  sorrows  which  have  darkened  the 
homes  of  Europe  and  are  now  casting  their  shadows  over  us. 

I  found  the  Germans  a  thrifty  and  a  practical  people.  Their 
own  Government  has  educated  them  to  know  financial  values 
in  raising  war  loans.  They  have  raised  eight.  They  have  grown 
to  think  of  them  in  t^rms  of  three  billion  d^lars  each.  What,  then. 


will  be  the  effect  upon  them  when  they  learn  that  the  Goven- 
ment  of  the  United  States  is  requesting,  all  at  once,  not  tiim 
billions,  but  six?  Bear  in  mind  that  such  a  loan  is  nothing 
less  than  a  world  sensation.  The  molders  of  the  public  opiniao 
in  the  Wilhelmstrasse  will  watch  in  suspense  for  the  result  If 
we  fall  short  of  what  our  Gi>vemraent  rightly  asks,  they  oe 
flare  such  headlines  across  the  Grerman  newspapers  as : 

AMERICAN  PEOPLE  PAIL  TO  SUPPORT  QOVERMMKNT! 
AMERICA  CANNOT  RAISE  ENOUGH  MONEY 
TO  FINANCE  THE  WAR  I 
FRANCE  AND  WiIQLAND  LOSE  HOPE! 

These  would  be  accompiaflkd  by  articles  which  would  fill  tht 
people  with  the  belief  thatlfthey  but  continue  to  hold  oat  tliev 
can  win — a  belief  whioh  wdfll  direedy  result  in  increased  Imes 
of  those  we  love  and  a  lon^^  severance  of  home  ties. 

Imagine,  on  the  other  haM;  the  effect  upon  the  German  peoptf. 
with  their  standardized  idea  of  their  three-billioQ-dollar  loau> 
and  the  great  effort  they  have  had  to  raise  them,  if  they  wptf 
confront^  with  the  hard,  cold  facts  that  the  Government  d 
the  United  States  can  get  not  only  the  huge  amount  asked  for, 
but  billions  over.  Such  an  accomplishment  would  spell  fon' 
and  determination  to  them,  and,owmg  to  the  kind  of  edacsti<K 
with  which  they  have  been  saturated  for  three  generations. 
force  is  the  only  international  argument  whioh  will  impr» 
them. 

Knowing  first-hand  the  German  war  spirit  and  how  it  k 
affected  by  currents  of  hope  and  currents  of  despair,  I  sfaafi 
watch  the  result  most  anxiously.  I  eiinoerely  believe  that  there 
is  not  an  atom  of  exag^ration  in  the  statement  that  anybodr 
who  buys  a  bond  at  this  critical  time  may  be  really  saving  tk 
life  of  some  one  dear  to  him  by  shortening  the  war.  It  is  ooe 
way  to  help  kill  Grermany's  hopeful  belief  that  America  is  a 
continent  of  jelly. 


WHAT  YOU  WANT  TO  KNOW  ABOUT  OUR  ARMY 

IN  FRANCE 

BY   JOSEPH   H.   ODELL 


SINCE  my  return  from  France  I  have  been  deluged  with 
questions  by  relatives  and  friends  of  our  soldiers.  The 
queries' have  not  been  prompted  by  mere  curiosity  ;  indeed, 
they  seem  to  me  to  have  had  their  birth  in  the  heart  rather 
than  in  the  mind.  This  war,  both  in  its  causes  and  its  issues, 
reaches  far  deeper  than  a  desire  for  national  glory ;  it  pene. 
trates  to  the  very  source  of  our  moral  instincts  and  habits.  We 
not  only  wish  to  win  the  war,  but  to  issue  from  its  awful  expe- 
riences on  a  new  level  of  personal  purity  and  national  honor. 
Therefore  I  hope  that  this  catechism  may  iniUcate  some  of 
those  deeper  things  for  which  I  sought  persistently  while  mov- 
ing freely  about  France  from  camp  to  camp  and  battlefront  to 
battlefront. 

Can  we  learn  the  truth  about  our  armies  abroad  *  Will  the 
censor  allow  it  to  be  told  ? 

In  five  articles  I  sent  from  France  the  censor  deletcid  only 
three  words,  and  those  words  might  have  indicated  that  a 
certain  division  participated  in  the  fighting  about  Chateau 
Thierry.  I  brought  back  also  numerous  notes,  read  by  the  cen- 
sor, without  a  cavil.  I  may  say  that  the  censor  was  not  only  just, 
but  unexpectedly  helpful,  and  was  glad  to  have  anything  pass 
which  did  not  give  away  vital  secrets  of  military  strategy. 

Whatfacilities  had  youfw  seeing  our  troops  f 
As  a  correspondent  of  The  Outlook  I  was  welcomed  every- 
where, and  in  the  uniform  of  a  Y.  M.  C.  A.  secretary  I  was 
able  to  reach  the  very  front  lines.  By  reason  of  personal  friend- 
ship with  important  army  officers  I  had  the  use  of  army  trans- 
portation, which  was  supplemented  by  Red  Cross  transporta- 
tion. In  these  various  ways  I  was  able  to  see  numerous  units 
and  widely  different  phases  of  our  military  expedition,  all  the 
way  from  a  great  port  to  the  extreme  fighting  front — the  vast 
S  and  S  camps,  the  reserve  camps,  the  scattered  lumber  com- 


panies, the  aviators,  the  hospitals,  the  engineers,  the  trainiaf 
schools,  and  the  splendid  fighting  divisions  actually  in  batdt:. 
In  all,  I  must  have  seen  hundre(&  of  thousands  of  our  troops. 

Tdl  us  something  about  the  general  health  of  our  men. 
It  is  excellent,  the  disease  rate  being  nearly  negligible.  Tb. 
soldiers  look  bronzed,  sturdy,  and  in  almost  penect  fighting 
trim.  They  sleep  mainly  in  the  open  air,  have  r^^ular  exercise, 
plenty  of  plain  nourishing  food,  and  are  watehed  over  witb  i 
scientific  skill  never  known  in  an  army  before.  Men  everywhen 
were  complaining  of  outgrowing  their  uniforms.  And,  by  tb 
way,  our  troops  look  very  soldier-like  in  their  spiral  puttees  an^ 
rabbit  caps.  On  the  whole,  they  appear  to  be  younger  and  u 
have  greater  resiliency  than  their  English  or  French  comrades 

What  do  they  get  to  eat? 

As  I  messed  day  after  day  with  both  officers  and  enlistd 
men  I  can  testify  that  the  food  was  palatable  and  nutritions- 
abundance  of  white  bread,  well-cooked  fresh  meat,  h»cm 
potatoes,  beans,  jam,  pancakes,  and  sometimes  simple  sweetmel 
puddings.  Even  when  a  big  fight  is  on,  the  supply  trains  mui 
age  to  get  to  the  front,  and  no  praise  is  too  high  for  those  wbi 
plan  and  carry  out  the  supply  service.  Now  and  then  a  battaliio 
may  outrun  or  even  lose  its  field  kitehens  in  the  melee,  but  tbi^ 
is  rare.   I  saw  it  happen  only  once. 

Is  there  much  drinking  of  intoxicating  liquors  among  ('• 
^Expeditionary  Force  ? 

That  is  a  difficult  question  to  answer  because  it  is  quantit. 
tive.  It  seemed  to  me  that  there  was  a  surprisingly  small  amoas' 
even  of  the  lighter  drinks,  while  whisky,  gm,  ete.,  are  not  obtain 
able  at  all.  Officers  and  men  both  take  wine  and  beer,  but  tt 
alcoholic  percentage  in  each  is  so  low  that  no  effect  is  notio«abl 
AH  the  while  I  was  in  France  I  never  saw  one  enlisted  man  wi- 

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even  seemed  to  be  under  the  influence  of  liquor.  Neither  did  I 
see  any  conduct  that  bordered  on  rowdyism.  I  never  believed 
that  men — hardly  more  than  boys  most  of  them — in  such  large 
numbers  could  be  so  orderly  and  gentlemanly. 

Whtit  about  the  sex  problem,  peraonal  purity  ? 

Mr.  Raymond  B.  Fosdick,  the  ChaiD|^a  of  the  Commission 
on  Training  Camp  Activities,  War  De|vtment — the  Commis- 
sion which  nas  done  and  is  doing  such  n^taificent  work  for  our 
amiiea  in  the  camps  and  cantonments^5k  home — met  me  in 
Paris  after  he  had  made  a  most  thoroug^'«urvey  of  conditions 
in  France,  and  he  dictated  the  following  statement  for  my  use : 

"  People  back  home  needn't  worry  about  our  boys  over  here. 
A  finer,  cleaner,  more  wholesome  bimch  of  men  I  have  never 
met.  I  have  seen  thousands  of  them,  all  the  way  from  our  bases 
on  the  seacoast  to  the  front  lines ;  I  have  eaten  and  lived  with 
them  in  their  barracks  and  dugouts.  There  can  be  no  just 
grounds  for  complaints  about  their  conduct  on  any  score.  They 
are  here  on  serious  business,  and  they  know  it.  I  have  yet  to 
see  one  of  them  intoxicated.  I  do  not  say  there  are  no  cases  of 
intoxication  in  the  Expeditionary  Force  ;  I  have  heard  of  some. 
I  merely  say  that,  with  opportunities  for  observation  somewhat 
unusual,  I'  have  not  seen  any  myself,  and  I  have  had  similar 
testimony  from  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  men  who  have  been  here  for 
months.  One  has  only  to  go  back  twenty  years — to  Spanish- 
American  War  days — to  realize  what  a  clutnge  has  taken  place 
in  our  ideas  of  training  an  army  to  fight. 

"  As  far  as  venereal  disease  is  concerned,  the  official  statistics 
for  the  month  of  June  show  it  to  be  at  one-nineteenth  of  one  per 
cent  for  the  entire  American  Expeditionary  Force.  This  is  con- 
siderably lower  than  it  is  in  the  training  camps  in  the  United 
States,  where  we  have  been  under  the  impression  that  we  are 
doing  a  pretty  |;ood  job.  It  is,  I  believe,  lower  than  the  rate  in 
any  of  the  armies  now  in  Europe.  Compared  with  the  prevail- 
ing disease  rate  in  the  civilian  population  in  the  United  States, 
it  18  almost  negligible. 

"  Our  men  over  here  are  not  plaster  saints — to  use  Kipling's 
expression — '  But  they  ain't  no  blackguards  too.'  They  are  a 
great  lot  of  upstanding  fellows  who  are  hitting  hard  and  prov- 
ing themselves  worthy  of  our  best  traditions." 

How  do  you  account  for  this  marvelona  record  of  sexual 
purity  f 

I  will  give  my  reasons  without  attempting  to  indicate  their 
relative  influence :  The  men  are  wiser  and  more  fearful  of  per- 
sonal, physical,  and  moral  consequences  because  of  the  instruc- 
tion they  received  in  the  camps  at  home  from  the  Medical 
Department  of  the  Army,  lecturers  and  literature  sent  out  by  the 
Commission  on  Training  Camp  Activities  and  the  Y.  M.  C.  A. 
and  Knights  of  Columbus  ;  the  prophylactic  treatment  so  rigor- 
ously insisted  upon  by  the  Army  authorities  for  exposed  cases  ; 
the  fact  that  a  large  percentage  of  the  troops  are  at  the  front 
and  therefore  away  from  temptation ;  the  work  of  the 
Y.  M.  C.  A.,  the  Y.  W.  C.  A.,  and  the  K.  of  C.  in  providing 
healthful  and  satisfying  recreation  and  entertainment  for  the 
men  in  their  spare  time  ;  and  last,  but  by  no  means  least,  to  the 
fact  that  nearly  all  of  our  men  carry  in  their  pockets,  as  their 
most  precious  and  sacred  possession,  photographs  of  their 
women  folk  at  home — wives,  sweethearts,  mothers.  They  bring 
these  photographs  out  for  the  inspection  of  any  sympathetic  eyes 
at  the  earliest  opportunity.  Our  men  are  home-loving,  self- 
respecting.  God-fearing  fellow^,  pure  and  straight,  in  spite  of 
the  fact  uiat  a  few  of  the  weaker  ones  fall  before  the  tempta- 
tions of  the  lai^er  cities.  I  felt  that  it  was  an  unspeakable 
honor  to  belong  to  such  a  race. 

Are  they  very  homesick? 

Yes,  they  are— very.  There  is  no  doubt  about  it.  In  spite  of 
all  that  is  done  for  them  by  the  various  non-combatant  or  semi- 
military  agencies,  they  woidd  all  give  everything  they  possess  to 
l)e  back  home  again — everything  except  honor.  They  do  not  dis- 
guise the  fact;  they  are  a  marvelously  ingenuous  lot;  but  they 
invariably  add  :  "  But  I  wouldn't  go  back  for  the  world  until 
this  show  is  over;"  or,  "  But  we've  got  to  stick  it  out  and  see  it 
through ;"  or,  "  We'll  stay  till  the  last  dirty  Hun  is  dead  or  cries 
'  Kamerad.' "  They  are  hungry  tor  letters  from  home,  for  a  news- 
paper from  the  old  town,  for  a  word  with  some  one  who  knows 


their  folks ;  they  are  utterly  homesick,  and  they  pine  for  the  dear 
&miliar  faces  and  places ;  but  not  one  of  them  would  turn  ba^ik 
across  the  Atlantic  until  national  honor  and  international' 
decency  have  been  vindicated. 

Do  you  mean  that  they  are  unhappy  f 

No ;  for,  although  homesickness  is  constantly  with  them  as 
an  undertone,  the  men  are  healthy  minded  and  accept  gleefully 
whatever  pleasures  are  available.  The  Y.  M.  C.  A.  huts  with 
movies,  theatrical  performances,  musical  entertainments,  lec- 
tures, boxing  and  wrestling  matches,  are  always  crowded.  The 
Y.  M.  C.  A.  is  carrying  hundreds  of  the  best  American  per- 
formers from  place  to  place,  at  huge  expense,  just  to  brighten- 
the  leisure  hours  of  the  troops.  Also,  tiie  men  organize  im- 
promptu entertainments  or  sports  on  their  own  benalf.  Our 
men,  too,  are  mingling  quite  freely  with  the  French  civilians ; 
I  have  seen  them  m  scores  of  French  villages  and  towns  laugh- 
ing and  trying  to  talk  with  the  adults  and  playing  blithely 
with  the  children.  Nothing  has  endeared  the  American  soldiers 
to  tlie  French  people  more  than  the  natural  way  they  have  of 
forming  an  immediate  comradeship  with  the  children. 

What  can  the  people  at  home  do  to  mitigate  the  homesick- 
ness of  our  men  f 

Write  letters  often,  and  always  write  cheerful  letters.  Send 
photographs  of  all  the  loved  ones,  even  if  they  are  only  small 
snap-shots.  And  then  subscribe  to  and  work  for  the  war  funds  of  . 
the  Y.  M.  C.  A.,  the  Red  Cross,  the  K.  of  C,  the  Y.  W.  C.  A., 
the  Salvation  Army,  and  the  American  Library  Association. 

Did  you  see  any  of  our  drafted  men  over  there,  and  how  did 
tJieyfeel  about  their  compulsory  service  ? 

I  saw  three  divisions  at  or  near  the  front,  and  there  was  no 
difference  apparent  between  them  and  the  Regulars  or  National 
Guardsmen  in  temper,  morale,  or  bearing.  All  distinctions  have 
faded,  and  in  France  there  are  only  American  citizen-soldiers, 
the  exponents  of  effective  democracy. 

How  do  our  men  get  along  with  their  French  and  British 
allies  ? 

With  the  French  better  than  with  the  British.  There  are 
such  great  differences  of  language,  habits,  food,  and  methods 
between  our  troops  and  the  French  that  there  is  no  basis  for 
comparison.  We  accept  their  ways  as  final.  But  the  British  are 
so  near  to  us  that  the  differences  are  noticeable  and  noted.  I 
do  not  mean  that  there  is  any  bad  feeling  between  our  men  and 
the  British,  but  there  is  not  the  abandon  of  cordiality  that 
marks  our  relationship  with  the  French  soldiers.  And  for  a  while 
there  was  a  tendency  among  our  men  to  think  that  both  the 
French  and  the  British  had  gone  stale,  or  were  war-weary,  or 
were  content  not  to  fight  very  aggressively.  But  after  a  few 
days  of  fighting  side  by  side  in  Qxe  Rheims-Soissons  salient  all 
such  impressions  were  swept  away,  and  our  troops  have  now 
both  respect  and  enthusiasm  for  their  allies  as  warriors.  But  it 
still  remains  true  that  the  British  temperament,  war  aims,  sacri- 
fices, and  contributions  on  both  land  and  sea  are  sadly  in  need 
of  interpretation  to  Americans. 

What  do  our  men  think  of  the  German  soldiers  f 
They  hate  them  now,  although  at  first  their  attitude  was  rather 
one  of  scorn.  But  they  have  seen  the  horrible  and  gratuitous 
devastation  wrought  by  the  Hun,  they  have  experienced  his 
treachery  and  brutality  upon  the  battlefield,  they  have  looked 
upon  evidences  of  his  utter  beastliness  in  places  recently  evacu- 
ated, such  as  Chateau  Thierry,  and  now  they  hate  him  with  a 
clean,  manly,  and  even  God-like  hatre<l.  They  know  that  all  the 
distinctions  said  to  exist  between  the  German  rulers  and  the 
German  people  are  the  mere  fictions  of  diplomatic  finesse,  and 
that  to-day  there  is  only  one  Hun,  and  that  that  Hun  stretches  all 
the  way  down  from  the  perjure<l-souled  Kaiser  to  the  purchased- 
souled  private.  That  is  why  the  American  troops  are  rushing 
into  battle  with  the  cry  of  "  Lusitania  "  on  their  lips. 

FIoic  do  our  men  fight  ? 

In  a  thoroughly  businesslike  way.  Stories  of  individual  valor, 
sent  back  by  the  newspaper  CH>rre8p<>ndent8,  would  make  it  seem 
that  every  American  soldier  is  on  his  own,  and  that  he  fights 
with  the  initiative  and  independence  of  a  knight-errant  of  old. 


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Of  ooane  he  does  whes  and  where  it  is  .neoeaaaty.  >Biit  the 
impression  one  gets  at  tixe  front  is  that  our  troops  are  -wtli 
disciplined,  always  kept  in  hand  by  their  respective  commands, 
and  that  iiiey  carry  out  the  orders  of  the  General  StafE  with 
promptness  and  intelligence.  WhenjmoTing  forward  into  action, 
they  an  qaipt  and  solrann  ;  it  is  only  wh^  they  are  let  loose 
upoa  tiiecauBiy  tiaMiHK^)i^(finAHi':a9pd'imHiiliye'daA'k 
notioedble. 

What  has  been,  the  ^eet  of  the  Amerie<m»  on  lite  •morale  of 
the  other  Allied  anmea  ? 

first  of  all,  I  must  pay  a  richly  deserved  tribute  to  tiie  inftu- 
ence  of  the  American  non-combatant  units  upon  both  the  mili- 
tary and  civil  population  of  France.  When  the  story  of  ihe 
American  Bed  Cross  is  fully  told  after  the  war,  it  will  be 
revealed  how  that  mi^ificent  organization  held  u^  the  morale 
of  the  French  nation  wiring  those  dark  days  following  the  great 
German  offensive  of  this  spring  and  before  the  weight  of  our 
military  contribution  was  felt.  The  unchronided  but  glorious 
work  of  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  in  the  French  armies,  known  as  the 
Foyer  du  Soldat,  carried  hope  and  courage  to  our  gallant 
ally  just  when  they  were  most  needed.  Americans  will  always 
be  proud  of  that  vicarious  service,  and  France  will  always  be 
gratefuL 

In  the  next  place,  it  is  a  combination  of  the  quality  and  the 
quantity  of  America's  participation  which  put  new  life  into  the 
other  Allied  forces.  In  the  first  sector  held  by  Americans  our 
men  proved  that  they  had  staying  pow;er  and  unlimited  courage. 
After  the  German  drive  of  March  certain  American  units  were 
put  at  strat^c  points— all  im^rtant  points — between  the  ex- 
treme Crerman  advance  and  Pans.  When  the  German  onslaught 
of  July  16  occurred,  there  were  Americans  brigaded  with  the 
French  at  Chateau  Thierry,  at  Soissons,  at  Dormans,  at  Chalons. 
Wlien  Marshal  Foch  struck  back  on  July  18,  our  troops  showed 
at  tibeir  very  best  in  the  open  warfare  which  immediately  devel- 
oped. They  rolled  up  the  crack  Hun  divisions  like  veterans. 
"Diey  proved,  to  the  High  Command,  that  men  taken  from  civil 
life  could  become  invincible  soldiers  in  less  than  a  year.  The 
<]!Sdity  amazed  the  French  generals.  At  thatdme  we  had  about 
one  nullion  three  hundred  thousand  troops  in  France,  and  they 
were  stiU  pouring  in  at  the  rate  of  a  quarter  a  million  a 
iBibth.  If  a  few  American  divisions  could  do  so  magnifioortiy, 
what  must  happen  when  we  have  a  hundred  dirisions  on  the 
line?  The  vision  electrified  the  French  and  British.  Moreover, 
the  knowledge  that  such  vast  and  effective  reserves  were  coming 
warranted  Marshal  Foch  in  using  lus  carefully  hoarded  Fren<£ 
and  British  reserves,  and  this  has  meant  the  continuance  of  t^e 
Allied  advance  week  after  week  and  the  breaking  of  the  boasted 
Hindenburg  line. 

How  are  our  sick  and  wounded  beinp  cared  for? 

I  was  in  several  of  our  big  base  hospitals  and  many  evacua- 
tion and  field  hospitals  and  dressing  stations  while  in  France, 
and  it  seemed  to  me  that  everjrthing  which  energetic  and  ma- 
ture scientific  skill  and  careful  nursing  could  do  was  being 
done  for  our  men.  I  talked  to  the  patients  about  the  care  they 
received,  and  from  the  scores — perhaps  hundreds — of  soldiers 
with  whom  I  spoke  there  was  not  a  single  complaint.  I  mar- 
veled at  the  cheerful  and  patient  courage  of  our  men  ;  although 
I  saw  many  who  were  desperately  wounded  and  obviously  m 
great  pun,  I  never  heard  a  whimper  or  a  moan.  The  Red  Cross 
chaplains  were  doing  fine  service  in  all  the  hospitals  where  I 
met  them.  The  one  anxiety  that  seemed  to  conaurae  the  patients 
was  to  get  well  quickly  in  order  to  fight  the  Boche  fiends  again. 

How  is  the  Hed  Cross  functioning  in  France  f 
Its  work  is  so  multiform  that  no  one  observer,  in  a  compara- 
tively limited  time,  can  see  more  than  isolated  fragments  of  its 
activities.  I  saw  some  of  its  efforts  for  the  refugees,  and  they 
were  beyond  praise.  I  went  to  a  number  of  its  dispensaries  in 
the  munition  districts  and  in  the  rural  districts,  and  no  com- 
mendation could  be  too  emphatic  for  what  it  is  accomplishing 
amon^  the  women  and  children.  I  examined  the  distribution  of 
material  to  French  hospitals  through  the  American  Fund  for 
French  Wounded,  and  the  task  seemed  to  be  efficiently  and 
enthusiastically  handled.  I  watched  the  stretcher-bearers  and 
ambulance  men  in  their  hazardous  service  at  the  extreme  battle- 


frcmtf  and  every' aoaaamiKedio  ^^wwdiy  of  atation.  Intk 
battle  north  of  CSi&tean  Thierry  they  get  men  back  to  the  hos- 
pitals from  the  fighting  line  ten  and  even  fifteen  kiloraeten 
away  within  four  or  five  hours  of  the  time  they  were  wounded. 
Americans  who  will  no(  support  the  Red  Cross  in  all  its  far- 
flung  work  of  mercy  are  tnutors  to  humanity. 

JkJAe  T.  M.  C  A.  tmJnng  good  in  France  ? 

Be9aad4fa»«had«w  of  a  doubt.  If  there  is  any  complaint,  it  it 
b»Miuw  tlie  «oldien  have  taken  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  for  granted, 
and  they  expect  from  it,  as  their  right,  services  which  no  organ- 
inUian  can  perfectly  render  amid  the  tumult  of  war ;  they  mre 
forgotten  that  it  is  a  voluntary  organization,  supported  by  pub- 
lic generosity,  doing  things  that  were  never  done  for  any  armj 
in  we  world  before,  dependent  lar^^ely  upon  untrained  wurkew, 
laboring  on  a  scale  so  vast  and  against  difficulties  so  formidablr 
that  any  service  rendered  is  a  signal  triumph  of  resource- 
fulness and  pluck.  Added  to  the  work  done  for  our  men  in  the 
training  camps  at  home,  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  abroad  runs  the  can- 
teen, the  library,  the  amusements  and  recreations,  the  vacatioD 
areas,  hotels  in  the  cities,  a  marvelous  banking  system,  sod 
whatever  else  will  make  for  a  higher  morale  in  the  army.  On 
August  1  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  had  2,506  Americans  at  work  u 
France,  with  over  1,000  civilian  French  employees.  At  the 
request  of  General  Pershing  the  Y  took  over  Uie  entire  canteen 
serviee .  f pr  the  American  Army,  which  means  that  wherever  i 
unit  of  our  troops  is  to  be  found  the  Y  operates  a  general  store 
in  which  all  kinds  of  supplies  are  sold  at  cost.  At  the  very 
front  and  during  a  battle  the.Y.M.  C.  A.  secretaries  carry 
cigarettes  and  chocolate  in  a  pack  and  give  them  away  to  die 
fighting  men.  I  have  not  only  seen  this  done,  but  I  have  done  it 
myself.  Hundreds  of  entertainers  have  been  sent  overseas  bj 
the  Y  to  take  the  dangers  out  of  the  unoccupied  hours  for  our 
men — opera  singers,  actors  and  actresses,  vaudeville  perf  ormets, 
lecturers,  etc.;  £he  entertainers  go  from  camp  to  camp  at  heav; 
cost  and  with  ^^reat  difficulty,  and  all  of  the  penormanoes  are  free. 
Nearly  a  million  dollars  a  month  of  soldiers'  pay  is  sent  back  to 
their  friends  in  America  by  the  Y.  Educational  work  -ef^Jiifi- 
nite  variety,  from  college  grade  studies  to  simple  instrueCion  m 
English  for  the  illiterates,  is  being  carried  on  in  hundreds  d 
places.  All  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  secretaries  are  in  France  at  a  per- 
sonal finanoial  semfiee — not  one  is  reeM>vmg.as.much  salliry  at 
he  did  in  America.  The  Y.  M.  C.  A.  women  canteen  worken 
are  bringring  a  very  refining  and  brightening  influence  to  heat 
upon  the  soldiers,  and  still  more  shtrald  be  sent.  In  a  word,  the 
X .  M.  C.  A.  is  rendering  an  absolutely  indispensable  serviw 
to  the  American  troops,  and  is  as  fine  an  example  of  applied 
religion,  minus  sectarianism,  as  the  world  has  ever  seen. 

Does  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  overemphasise  religion  f 
From  personal  observation  I  am  inclined  to  think  that  titt 
Y.  M.  C.  A.  rather  underemphasizes  it.  In  the  beginning  there 
may  have  been  a  few  over-zealous  religionists  in  the  Y  organiza^ 
tion,  but  while  I  was  in  France  those  engaged  in  the  field 
seemed  to  be  so  afraid  of  going  to  extremes  tlutt  they  did  not 
keep  the  deeper  spiritual  motives  and  incentives  sufficiently  to 
the  fore.  Our  boys  know  the  hazards  of  their  adventure,  and 
they  are  serious ;  whenever  I  spoke  to  them  in  Sunday  serviom. 
with  simple  but  reverent  directness,  they  thanked  me  vritb 
manifest  gratitude.  I  have  the  same  testimony  from  army 
chaplains  and  others. 

Hoto  are  the  other  nonrcombatant  organizations  serving  thf 
Allied  catise  ? 

As  far  as  I  could  see  they  were  doing  splendid  work  within 
the  limits  assigned  to  them.  Compared  with  the  Red  Cross  and 
the  Y.  M.  C.  A.,  their  work  had  rather  restricted  scope  while  I 
was  there.  In  the  two  or  three  places  in  which  I  observed  thr 
Knights  of  Columbus  the  spirit  and  quality  of  their  serviee 
were  very  fine;  they  provided  homelike  reading-rooms  and 
stretched  out  a  friendly  hand  to  any  soldier,  regarmess  of  creed 
orjchurch.  The  Salvation  Army  has  won  the  affection  of  our 
men,  but  its  efforts  are  restricted  by  shortage  of  money: 
the  Salvation  Army  reaches  the  hearts  of  the  boy  chiefij 
through  cooking,  which  brings  back  memories  of  home,  and  bj 
the  bravery  of  its  workers  in  serving  as  close  as  possible  to  thr 
danger-line.   The  Y.  W.  C.  A.  is  ^ing  marvelous  things  for 


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THE  OUTLOOK 


131 


lunition  workers  and  government  and  civilian  employees,  and 
iceives  the  encouragement  and  assistance  of  the  French  Gov- 
■nment  and  War  Derartment.  The  Soldiers'  and  Sailors' 
:ome  on  Bae  Royale,  Paris,  is  doing  a  limited  but  splendid 
ork  for  our  enlisted  men  who  happen  to  be  in  the  city.  Hie 
merican  Library  Association  is  sending  out  books  and  maga- 
nes,  but  not  yet  in  sufficient  quantities. 

If  you  had  to  divide,  aav,  $100  or  any  multiple  thereof  of 
mr  oum  money  between  tnese  nonrcomoatant  organizations 
orking  in  France,  what  would  he  your  ratio,  baaed  upon 
mr  ooBervcftione  t 

Red  Cross,  forty  per  cent ;  Y.  M.  C.  A.,  thirty-five  per  cent ; 
le  balance  between  the  others.  Of  course  this  is  a  personal 
iswer  to  a  personal  question,  and  is  not  offered  as  a  fixed  and 
ud  jud^ent  upon  the  merits  or  needs  of  the  respective 
ganizations. 

What  does  our  Army  need  most  over  there  to  become  the 
'iermining  factor  in  the  war  f 

That  is  the  easiest  of  all  questions  to  answer,  because  every 
le  in  France  seemed  to  agree  on  the  three  responses : 

1.  At  least  three  million  men. 

2.  Not  less  than  twenty-five  thousand  airplanes. 

3.  Unlimited  machine  guns. 

When  will  the  war  endf 

I  do  not  know  ;  no  one  knows.  -  But  our  men  are  praying  that 
may  not  end  until  the  militaristic  Central  Powers  are  smashed 

completely  in  a  crushing  military  defeat  that  autocracy  can 
iver  make  its  dehumanizmg  and  fiendish  mi^ht  again  felt  in 
e  world.  What  our  men  are  most  fearful  of  is  that  there  may 


be  a  pronaness  in  iiifln«itial  groups  of  Americans  in  America 
to  allow  Germany  to  lay  down  her  arms  when  her  rulers  see 
defeat  to  be  inevitable,  and  then  to  sit  down  at  a  table  with  the 
butchers  as  though  they  were  equals.  Our  men  feel  that  any 
negotiated  peace,  or  any  peace  based  on  anvthing  less  than  a 
final  elimination  of  Prussian  militarism,  will  be  a  betrayal  of 
the  world's  honor,  and  our  heroes,  together  with  their  valiant 
comrades  of  the  Allied  armies,  will  have  suffered  and  died  in 
vain. 

What  mare  can  we  do  at  home  to  make  victory  sure  and 
complete? 

Support  the  Administration  promptly  and  enthusiastically  in 
all  war  measures. 

Insist  that  politics  be  cut  out  of  both  parties  for  the  duration 
of  the  war. 

Conserve  everjrthing  needed  abroad  and  do  it  cheerfully — 
food,  coal,  gasoline,  in  particular. 

Subscribe  to  the  Liberty  Loans  and  buy  the  Thrift  Stamps 
to  the  utmost  limit  of  your  ability. 

Give  all  the  money  you  possibly  can  to  all  the  non-combatant 
organizations  now  working  for  the  good  of  our  soldiers  at  home 
and  overseas. 

Remember  always  that  sacrifice  is  the  liberating  and  redeem- 
ing law  in  this  fateful  hour  and  that  whatever  we  may  suffer 
at  home  cannot,  match  the  glorious  sacrifices  our  men  are 
making  abroad. 

.  Stamp  prompti.y  and  heavily  upon  evei^  least  sign  of  dis- 
loyalty or  pro-Germanism  whenever  it  manifests  itseU  in  word 
or  deed,  and  alwajrs  bear  in  mind  that  German  propaganda  now 
works  toward  a  negotiated  peace  in  onler  to  save  we  form  and 
fiibrio  of  its  autocracy. 


ACROSS  SOUTH  AFRICA  IN  WAR  TIME 

BY   GREGORY  MASON 

STAFF  CORRESPONDENT  OF  THE  OUTLOOK 


VFTER  twelve  days'  steaming  from  Colombo,  Ceylon,  we 
reached  Delagoa  Bay,  Portuguese  East  Africa.  Three 
hours  before  we  came  up  to  the  entrance  of  the  broad 
y,  when  land  was  out  of  sight  and  probably  thirty-five  miles 
ray,  the  strong  wind  bore  to  us  the  smell  of  burning  grass  and 
kves — that  smell  which  always  makes  a  Yankee  homesick  for 
iw  England  autumn.  The  weather  was  only  slightiy  cooler 
ui  it  had  been  in  the  tropics  we  had  just  left,  but  there  was 

mistaking  that  scent.  It  meant  autumn.  Winter  was  just 
ginning  for  folk  aroimd  Delagoa  Bay.. 
An  hour  or  two  later  a  white  strip  appeared  between  sea  and 
y  ahead,  and  grew  rapidly  broader.  It  was  the  chain  of  white 
id  dunes  at  the  entrance  to  the  bay,  little  changed  probably 
loe  it  was  discovered  for  white  men  by  the  Portuguese  iiavi- 
tor  Antonio  de  Campos,  who  sailed  up  there  in  one  of  Vasco 

Gbuna's  ships  in  1502.  From  that  white  promontory  it  was 
U  more  than  an  hour's  cautious  steaming  between  the  reefs 
d  sand-bars  of  the  bay  to  the  town  named  after  the  Portu- 
ese  trader  Louren90  Marques.  This  is  the  capital  of  the 
ovimce  of  Mozambique,  and  is  the  headquarters  of  the  Gov- 
iment  of  Portuguese  East  Africa.  Thanks  to  their  brave 
vigators  who  tri^  these  southern  seas  in  high  and  unwieldy 
isels  of  rarely^  more  than  three  hundred  tons  burden,  the  Por- 
^ese  have  gained  most  of  the  East  African  ports  which  were 
3d  by  the  old  Arab  traders.    Delagoa  Bay  was  the  first  port 

call  for  Portuguese  ships  homeward  bound  from  Goa,  in 
dia  ;  and  Algoa  Bay,  farther  south  on  the  east  coast  of  Africa, 
8  the  last  port  of  call  for  ships  outward  bound  to  Goa ;  hence 

>  names,  2>e  la  goa  and  A  la  goa  (contracted  to  Algoa). 
ilagoa  Bay,  it  may  be  remembered,  was  added  to  the  other 
irtuguese  territoiy  in  1872  by  the  decision  of  Marshal  Mao- 
ftbon,  to  whom  the  Portuguese  and  British  submitted  their 
inu  for  arbitration.    He  decided  that  England  should  have 

>  first  right  of  purchase,  in  case  Portugal  should  want  to  sell 
i  territory,  and  it  is  said  that  imm^iately  after  Marshal 


MacMahon's  decision  Portugal  would  have  been  willing  to  sell 
for  twelve  thousand  pounds.  How  the  British  must  have  re- 
gretted that  they  did  not  buy  before  the  Boer  War,  when  terns 
of  arms  and  ammunition  were  sent  in  to  the  Boers  through 
Delagoa  Bay,  most  of  them  from  Germany !  > 

LiHig  before  our  ship  turned  up  the  arm  of  the  bay  on  which 
the  town  is  situated  we  could  see  the  red  face  of  the  abrupt  hill 
supporting  the  residential  part  of  Louren(^  Marques.  We 
steamed  past  these  almost  crimson  cliffs  to  reach  the  docks  built 
out  from  the  low  ground  which  supports  the  business  section  of 
the  town. 

There  is  always  a  charm  about  a  sea  town  where  Spanish  is 
the  language,  and  a  Portuguese  port  has  the  same  charm. 
The  two  lajaguages  are  sufficientiy  alike  for  a  person  with  a 
small  vocabidary  in  one  to  pick  out  many  words  in  the  other. 
As  I  stepped  ashore  I  could  imagine  myself  in  a  port  in  Mexico 
or  Central  America.  There  was  the  Plaza,  where  in  a  few  hours 
the  band  would  play  the  usual  Simday  evening  concert,  and 
there  were  the  street  signs  in  words  of  a  familiar  euphony.  It 
must  be  admitted,  too,  that  most  frequent  among  them  was  the 
announcement  that  within  beer  could  be  had.  The  Latins  will 
be  the  last  for  prohibition ! 

A  Kentucky  colonel  could  hardly  distinguish  between  a 
native  of  Lourem^  Marques  and  a  Negro  of  our  own  South. 
In  size,  shade,  and  feature  the  native  and  the  transplanted 
African  seem  identical,  and  both  have  the  same  love  for  per- 
sonal display,  for  frills,  feathers,  and  colored  sparkling  baubles. 
In  a  heavy  rickshaw  wide  enough  for  two  I  was  pulled  about 
by  a  Negro  whose  costume  consisted  of  a  sort  of  bathing  suit, 
ribbons  and  tassels  about  the  knees,  ankles,  and  wrists,  and  a 
bunch  of  rooster  tail  feathers  above  each  ear. 

The  town  is  a  clean  and  beautiful  one,  especially  that  part 
of  it  on  the  hill  where  are  most  of  the  European  residences. 
All  the  larger  roads  are  macadamized,  and  there  arc  electri(> 
lights  and  electric  street  cars.     Being  sub-tropic,    Loureni.-o 


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THE   OUTLOOK 


25  SeplemW 


Marques  has  drawn  its  flora  from  both  the  temperate  zone  and 
the  tropics,  but  more  from  the  latter  than  from  the  former. 
There  are  tall  eucalyptus  trees,  suggesting  our  sycamores  with 
their  patches  of  whitish  bark,  and  here  and  there  a  slim  cocoa- 
nut  pabn  lifts  its  topknot  aeainst  the  sky.  The  sides  of  the 
roads  are  lined  with  beautiful  blue  bougalnvillea  or  brilliant 
golden-shower,  a  sort  of  orange  honeysuclde — at  least  to  the  lay- 
man's eye.  Then  there  is  an  occasional  tall  tree  like  a  torch 
with  that  fiery  blossom  called  flame-of-the-forest,  which  loves 
the  son  it  suggests.  From  the  hill  (Jiere  I  had  a  splendid  view 
of  the  best  Imrbor  in  South  Africa  (Delagoa  Bay  is  twenty-six 
miles  long  and  twenty-two  broad),  with  the  blue  Indian  Ocean 
in  the  distance,  almost  lost  through  the  blue  haze  from  the 
grass  fires  ashore. 

The  air  that  afternoon  had  just  a  tiny  tang  of  autumn  in  it, 
like  our  early  September  days  at  home  when  goldenrod  and 
purple  aster  are  ripening  and  barn-swallows  congregate  on 
tdephone  wires.  There  was  a  tense  stillness,  as  if  all  nature 
waited  for  the  season  to  die.' 

The  next  day  I  found  it  surprisingly  easy  to  get  permission 
to  journey  overland  via  the  Transvaal  to  Cape  Town,  which  was 
the  next  port  of  call  for  our  ship.  South  and  East  Africa,  unlike 
India,  are  little  burdened  with  passport  regfulations,  and  in  other 
ways  there  are  few  indications  that  Africa  has  felt  the  war. 

The  train  left  Loureni^  Marques  early  in  the  afternoon,  and 
the  first  part  of  the  journey  was  through  a  fia£  country  covered 
with  uninteresting  bush.  Occasionally  a  few  naked  black  boys 
Would  leap  out  from  the  side  of  a  little  puddle  or  swamp  and 
wave  their  arms  at  us.  Gradually  the  bush  grew  higher  and 
thicker,  and  small  abrupt  knolls,  or  kopjes  (pronounced  koppies), 
b^kn  to  appear.  This  was  lion  country,  said  a  fellow-traveler. 
After  a  ride  of  about  fifty  mUes  we  reached  Komati  Poort,  a 
town  in  Briti^  territory  just  over  the  Portuguese  line.  Here 
was  one  of  the  most  amusing  examinations  of  passengers  I  have 
seen  in  any  cotmtry,  Mexico  and  Russia  not  excepted.  A  British 
official  put  us  all  through  the  most  searching  cross-examination 
as  to  age,  occupation,  nationality,  itinerary,  family,  etc.,  but 
without  asking  any  passenger's  name!  When  one  passenger 
twitted  him  about  tms  omission,  the  ofiicial  insist^  that  a 
knowledge  of  our  names  was  "  quite  unnecessary,  sir,  quite 
unnecessary." 

The  bu^  continued  to  grow  thicker  and  the  kopjes  bigger. 
Very  common  was  a  tree  widi  a  top  as  flat  as  if  it  had  oeen 
trimmed.  A  British  fellow-traveler  who  had  himted  here  said 
that  the  country  contained  maUy  lions.  He  pointed  out  to  us 
several  low  circular  stone  walls  which  had  been  tJirown  up  by 
British  soldiers  as  cover  against  the  Boers  in  the  skirmishes  of 
the  war  of  eighteen  years  ago.  Soon  at  our  right  appeared  a 
rather  emaciated  river,  far  less  formidable  in  appearance  Cjoa 
in  reputation.  It  is  named  after  the  crocodiles  which  infest  it 
and  which  are  much  more  feared  by  both  white  men  and  black 
than  lions  or  other  wild  beasts.  From  the  train  several  of  the 
crocodiles  could  be  seen  basking  on  the  sand-bars  which  the 
receding  water  had  left  uncovered.  When  the  natives,  and  when 
animals  even  as  large  as  bullocks,  go  to  the  river's  edge  to  drink, 
the  crocodiles  frequently  rush  them,  and,  if  successfm  in  getting 
a  grip,  usually  succeed  in  dragging  their  prey  into  the  river,  where 
the  reptiles  have  everything  uieir  own  way.  There  are  hippo- 
potami in  this  river  also,  but  their  attacks  on  man  are  infrequent. 

We  were  now  in  a  country  where  nearly  every  village  could 
boast  of  having  played  some  part  in  the  war  between  the  British 
and  the  Boers.  Li  a  certain  sense,  though,  we  were  unrolling  the 
panorama  of  history  backwards,  for,  in  a  general  way,  the  &ht- 
mg  in  the  Boer  War  had  taken  a  northeasterly  direction,  while 
my  itinerary  I^  mostly  toward  the  southwest.  Over  this  very 
railway  Paul  Kruger  had  fled  to  the  ship  which  took  him  to 
Holland  a  few  weeks  after  Roberts  entered  Pretoria  on  June  6, 
1900.  One  of  the  first  stations  we  reached  after  leaving  Portu- 
guese soil  was  Kaapmuiden,  which  is  the  junction  for  the  branch 
line  to  the  important  town  of  Barberton,  the  center  of  the 
De  Kaap  gold-fields.  On  September  13,  1900,  Barberton  was 
wrested  from  the  Boers  by  General  French,  now  Field  Marshal 
Sir  John  French.  Eighty-six  miles  beyond  Kaapmuiden  is 
Nelspruit,  junction  of  the  little  branch  line  running  nearly  to 
Pilgrim's  Rest,  the  village  which  was  the  precarious  seat  of  the 
Boer  Government  when  peace  wasi  couuiuded.  This  town  is  now 


becoming  famous  for  the  citrus  grown  there.  These  trees,  pepps 
trees,  and  castor-oil  bushes  relieved  the  monotony  of  the  witda 
bush.  The  road  climbed  rapidly  tO  another  now  historic  towi, 
Machadodorp,  near  which  Buller  rescued  from  the  Boers  tiini 
thousand  British  prisoners  who  had  been  carried  away  frug 
Pretoria. 

In  the  morning  we  woke  up  at  Pretoria,  founded  and  nanN^ 
for  M.  W.  Pretorius,  the  first  President  of  tiie  South  Africa 
Republic.  It  was  the  capital  of  the  Transvaal  from  1860  uiti 
it  surrendered  to  General  Roberts.  It  is  now  the  administrabn 
capital  of  the  Union  of  South  Africa,  Cape  Town  being  tb 
legislative  capital. 

♦Ve  stopped  at  Pretoria  only  long  enough  to  gfulp  breakfu 
and  change  engines.  In  the  forty-nve-mile  run  from  Pretoii 
to  Johannesburg  the  track  rises  twelve  hundred  feet,  so  that 
although  the  sun  was  climbing  higher  in  the  sky,  the  air  gm 
cooler.  The  scenery  was  typical  of  the  treeless  higher  veltli 
This  veld^  was  very  rocky,  which  is  unfortunate  for  t£e  fan&ai 
who  live  on  it  in  more  senses  than  one.  In  the  violent  thiuder 
stovms  of  the  rainy  season  in  this  part  of  the  world  these  roda 
which  are  filled  with  iron,  attract  the  lightning,  and  deaths  b; 
lightning  are  common  among  those  who  strug^e  to  get  a  livii^ 
from  this  hard  soiL 

Again  and  again  we  passed  a  Boer  farmer  driving  his  fosi' 
wheeled  ox  wagon  of  the  "  prairie  schooner  "  type.  Sometima 
there  would  be  twelve  oxen,  sometimes  as  many  as  sixteen,  poi! 
ing  abreast  in  pairs.  Where  the  veldt  grew  less  rocky  sd 
greener,  it  looked  exactly  like  parts  of  the  cattle  country  in  at 
Western  States.  Now  we  entered  an  industrial  region.  % 
passed  a  small  branch  line  running  to  Modderfontein,  wheni 
the  largest  dynamite  factory  in  the  world.  Soon  we  could  m 
ahead  and  at  each  side  of  the  railway  great  white  mounds,  lifa 
huge  crude  pyramids  of  white  stone.  The  material  was  ftn 
dered  stone,  and  the  hills  were  heaps  of  the  white  tailines  a 
refuse  from  the  gold  mines.  We  were  now  entering  the  Ms 
watersrand  (White  Water  Ridge),  which  produces  more  gti 
than  any  odier  district  in  the  world.  The  high  hills  of  the  wlia 
rock  refuse  grew  more  and  more  conspicuous  until  we  reatM 
Johannesburg. 

Jo'burg,  as  the  residents  like  to  call  it,  which  was  a  ma 
mining  camp  thirty  years  ago,  is  now  a  city  of  260,000  (140,(K< 
whites)  which  would  be  a  credit  to  any  country.  The  prindpl 
streets  are  wide  and  well  paved,  and  the  most  conspicuous  thuj 
about  it  is  an  air  of  hustle  and  prosperity  which  some  Amen 
cans  like  to  think  is  peculiarly  Amerioaii.  I  kept  rubbing  d] 
eyes,  for  I  felt  sure  I  was  at  home.  There  are  a  dozen  citi«$  a 
our  West  which  have  the  exact  tone  and  spirit  of  Jo'burg,  u 
doubt,  but  those  with  which  I  am  most  familiar  are  in  Tem 
It  is  like  San  Antonio,  and  perhaps  more  like  a  larger  £1  ¥»» 
for  the  excitable  psychology  of  a  frontier  town  stiu  lingers  i 
Johannesburg.  Jo'burg  is  full  of  ready  money,  and  by  the  sad 
token  living  there  is  expensive.  It  is  easy  come  and  easy  g"  a 
Jo'burg,  and  th6  inhabitants  are  proud  of  it.  Especially  tk?; 
would  have  you  know  that  Jo'buig  is  "  alive  and  kicking." 

On  the  first  glimpse  of  Johannesourg  I  recalled  what  a  fello* 
passenger  had  said  to  me  on  the  steamer.  "'  South  Africa  is  tli 
happiest  place  in  the  world,"  this  woman  had  said. 

"What  do  you  mean  ?"  I  asked. 

"  I  mean,"  she  said,  "  that  South  Africa  is  full  of  gna! 
strong,  healthy  men  and  women  who  ride  wonderfully  and  dce^ 
think." 

There  is  the  glow  of  open-air  living  on  the  cheeks  of  the  iih4 
women,  and  children  you  see  in  Johannesburg  and  the  spriq 
of  clean  muscles  in  their  gait.  In  other  ways  the  place  se«« 
happy.  The  soft  collar  and  soft  hat  predommate  there,  and  » 
healthier  climate  can  be  found  in  the  world.  At  an  altitude « 
6,740  feet,  Jo'burg  has  the  dry,  bracing,  sunny  climate  o 
northern  Mexico  and  parts  of  our  Southwest.  Yon  ooold  not  )> 
morbid,  melancholy,  or  really  atheistic  there  if  you  tried. 

In  a  city  where  money  is  as  easily  made  as  in  Johannesbuij 
it  is  not  surprising  to  &id  that  every  one  is  more  or  less  of  I 
gambler.  Whether  it  is  stocks,  mining  shares,  land  booms,  pc>k<*, 
or  suireptitiously  sold  tickets  in  the  Portuguese  East  Afri(«j 
lotteries,  every  one  in  Jo'burg,  from  millionaire  clubman  H 
chambermaid,  succumbs  to  the  aleatory  instin««t  now  and  tlw* 

Though  the  big,  red-cheekeil  sons   and   daughters  of  ht^' 


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1918 


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133 


fanners  are  seen  driving  or  walkug  through  its  shopping  streets, 
Johannesburg  is  now  much  more  British  than  Boer.  And,  aa  the 
largest  city  in  South  Africa,  it  is  full  of  echoes  of  the  conflict 
lietween  the  two  white  nationalities  there  which  will  end  no  one 
can  say  when  or  how. 

The  British  in  South  Africa  are  very  frank  in  discussing 
this,  and  some  of  the  things  they  say  surprise  the  stranger  who 
has  formed  his  opinion  of  the  British- Boer  question  only  from 
the  salient  evidence  that  General  Smuts  and  General  Botha  and 
many  other  Boers  are  loyal  to  the  British  Empire  and  have 
served  with  conspicuous  devotion  through  the  present  war.  In 
tiie  short  time  that  I  was  in  the  Union  of  South  Africa  I  talked 
with  a  good  many  Britons,  and  almost  without  exception  they 
admitted  that  republican  sentiment  is  on  the  increase  among 
the  Boers. 

The  three  outstanding  political  parties  in  South  Africa  are,  of 
course,  the  Unionist  party,  the  National  party,  and  the  South 
African  party.  The  Unionist  party  is  British  pure  and  simple. 
The  other  two  are  Dutch.  The  South  African  party  is  the  party 
of  General  Botha,  the  present  Premier.  It  stands  for  the  contin- 
uance of  the  Union  of  South  Africa  as  a  part  of  the  British  Em- 
pire. The  Nationalist  party  is  the  party  of  the  Dutch  who  are 
discontented  with  the  present  arrangement  and  who  would  like 
to  have  South  Africa  for  the  Dutch.  The  lower  house  of  the 
South  African  Parliament  (which  has  all  the  initiative  in  legis- 
lation) is  at  present  easily  controlled  by  the  coalition  between 
the  Unionist  and  South  African  parties  which  was  formed  in 
order  to  secure  the  devotion  of  the  South  African  Union  to  the 
Empire  during  the  war.  This  coalition  has  something  like  one 
hundred  seats  in  the  House  of  Assembly,  while  the  National- 
ists have  only  twenty-seven  or  twenty-eight.  The  Labor  party 
and  the  independents  each  have  two  or  three  representatives. 
Thus  at  present  the  Government  of  the  Union  is  easilv  con- 
trolled by  the  groups  loyal  to  the  Allies  and  to  the  British 
Empire.  But  nearly  every  Briton  with  whom  I  talked  was  of 
the  opinion  that  the  Nationalists  are  steadily  growing  in  influ- 
ence. A  few  men  expressed  the  belief  that  if  an  election  should 
lie  held  to-morrow  the  Nationalists  would  win  a  majority  of 
seats  in  the  important  lower  house  of  the  Legislature.  This, 
however,  is  certainly  an  exaggerated  view.  What  all  intelligent 
loyal  South  Africans  are  anxious  about,  however,  is  the  out- 
come of  the  next  r^rular  election,  which  comes  in  1920.  If  the 
war  should  end  before  then,  and  if  the  strength  of  the  National- 
ists continues  to  grow  at  the  present  rate,  it  is  by  no  means  oer- 
t^n  that  the  next  election  will  not  result  in  a  victory  for  the 
party  which  wants  eventually  to  reinstate  in  South  Africa  a 
republic  of  the  Dutch,  for  the  Dutch,  and  by  the  Dutch. 

What  makes  prognostications  more  difficult  is  the  fact  that 
not  a  few  Boers  are  now  enrolled  among  those  loyal  to  England 
merely  for  reasons  of  expedi«icy.  How  many  there  are  of  these 
who  would  show  their  true  colors  in  a  crisis  by  deserting  to  the 
other  side  no  one  can  aa^. 

Of  the  1,400,000  whites  in  the  Union  only  about  forty  per 
cent  are  British.  Fourteen  years  ago  more  than  fifty  per  cent 
of  the  whites  in  the  same  territory  were  British.  But  a  good 
many  Britons  who  came  out  in  the  rush  after  the  Boer  War 
have  gone  home,  and  the  higher  birth  rate  of  the  Dutch  has 
helpecf  to  carry  them  ahead.  It  bids  fair  to  carry  them  further 
and  further  aliead  unless  the  British  swell  their  number  by 
immigration.  This  the  Unionist  party  wants  to  do,  but  both  the 
South  African  and  Nationalist  parties  are  strongly  opposed. 
British  immigration  would  mean  the  building  up  of  a  predomi- 
nating British  electorate  and  the  eventual  political  eclipse  of 
the  Dutch.  The  Dutch  are  well  aware  of  this,  and  will  fight 
immigration  to  the  last  ditch.  A  hard  strup^le  on  this  issue 
seems  inevitable,  but  it  is  hard  to  see  how  the  Dutch  can  be 
moved  from  their  position  unless  the  British  home  Government 
shoold  interfere.  Such  interference  is  unlikely,  for  it  might 
lieget  open  rebellion. 

The  Orange  Free  State  and  the  Transvaal  are  naturally  the 
centers  of  the  Dutch  unrest,  though  there  is  not  a  little  of  it  in 
the  northern  part  of  the  Cape  Province.  The  dissatisfaction  is 
rather  vague.  It  is  a  sentimental  hankering  for  the  old  days  of 
the  Boer  Republic,  plus  the  natural  desire  of  the  outs  to  get  in. 
The  Dutch  can  complain  of  no  serious  injustice  at  the  hands 
of  the  Britittii.  There  are  no  discriminations  against  them  such 


as  they  enforced  against  foreigners  in  their  former  republic 
The  Boers  have  all  the  privileges  of  the  British  and  are  allowed 
their  own  language.  The  Union  Government  "  Gazette,"  the 
official  publication  of  the  Union  Government,  is  published  in 
both  English  and  Dutch.  The  British  are  very  easy  on  the 
Boers,  some  Britons  say  too  easy. 

There  is  an  opinion  among  the  disaffected  Dutch  that  victory 
for  Germany  would  help  them.  As  a  matter  of  fact,  it  is  only 
too  easy  to  imagine  what  Germany  would  do  to  a  rich  Boer 
Republic  if  she  should  win  the  war  and  recover  her  colonies  in 
Africa.  Men  like  General  Smuts — the  intelligent  Boers — are 
not  deceived  on  this  point  But  the  average  ^ter  is  not  very 
intelligent  and  is  extremely  provincial.  He  has  no  idea  of 
affairs  outside  of  South  Africa  ;  he  cannot  realize  the  sti-ength 
of  the  British  Empire ;  he  cannot  appreciate  the  importance  of 
sea  power  in  relation  to  colonial  attempts  at  independence. 
The  average  Boer  is  lazy,  like  most  white  men  in  South  Africa ; 
but,  more  than  that,  the  average  Boer  is  old-fashioned  in  every- 
thing, from  religion  to  agriculture.  The  methods  used  by  the 
Boer  agriculturist  would  make  a  Yankee  farmer  laugh. 

As  a  matter  of  fact,  although  the  Dutch  in  South  Africa 
talk  glibly  about  democracy,  they  do  not  understand  it.  The  old 
Transvaal  Republic  was  an  oligarchy  pure  and  simple.  There 
is  much  more  democracy  under  the  present  union. 

The  Dutch  in  South  Africa  consider  the  British  interlopers. 
"  The  Dutch  came  here  first,  and  the  country  rightfully  belongs 
to  them,"  is  their  cry.  The  Boer  sees  no  inconsistency  in  this 
slogan,  for,  like  all  other  white  men,  he  ignores  the  claims  of 
the  native.  But  it  is  the  admission  of  the  shrewdest  white  men 
in  South  Africa,  whatever  their  national  origin,  that  the  native 
problem  is  beneath  everything. 

A  Briton  who  is  as  prominent  a  business  man  in  Johannes- 
burg as  any  of  his  countrymen  said  to  me : 

'^  The  contact  between  the  black  and  the  white  always  de- 
grades both.  The  white  man  gets  lazy,  the  black  man  is  demor- 
alized by  white  institutions.  After  they  have  come  in  contact 
with  white  civilization  the  male  black  declines  in  honestv  and 
other  virtues,  the  female  in  chastity.  I  woidd  like  to  see  Africa 
divided,  districts  being  set  apart  for  both  black  and  white  in 
which  the  other  must  enter  only  under  special  circumstances. 
But  this  would  be  difficult  to  accomplish,  for  it  would  demand 
great  sacrifices  on  the  part  of  the  whites." 

This  man's  testimony  as  to  the  effect  on  the  white  man  of  his 

Eroximity  to  the  black  is  corroborated  on  every  hand.  *^  Black 
ibor  is  the  curse  of  South  Africa,  because  it  makes  the  white 
man  lazy  and  leads  to  his  degeneration,"  intelligent  whites  tell 
you  again  and  acain.  And  it  is  prolmbly  true  that  the  white 
farmer  in  South  Africa  does  much  less  labor  with  his  own  hands 
than  the  white  farmer  in  Canada,  for  instance. 

It  is  idle  to  speculate  on  the  future  of  South  Africa  with  con- 
sideration for  the  influence  and  prospects  of  Boer  and  Briton 
alone^  for  the  native  holds  the  biggest  trumps.  Slowly  but  surely 
native  labor  is  replacing  white  in  one  enterprise  after  another. 
The  skilled  native  laborer  is  becoming  a  factor  to  be  reckoned 
with.  And  white  labor  is  hastening  its  own  downfall  by  a  series 
of  strikes,  conflicts  between  white  labor  and  white  capital  dis- 
astrous to  both,  and  incidentally  providing  the  black  man  with 
an  example  of  the  power  of  organize<l  action  which  he  is  not 
slow  to  rec<^ize.  Ten  years  ago  the  black  walked  onlv  in  the 
streets  of  Johannesburg.^  Now  he  walks  on  the  sidewalKs.  That 
is  just  one  straw  which  shows  the  wind's  direction. 
'  There  is  no  apparent  way  of  sidetracking  the  black  man.  for 
the  black  popidation  of  South  Africa  is  growing  more  rapidly 
than  the  white.  To  the  philosopher  who  likes  to  contemplate 
the  possible  future  in  long  stretches,  it  is  not  the  conflict 
between  white  and  white  but  the  conflict  lietween  white  and 
black  in  South  Africa  that  is  most  interesting. 

In  the  meantime  there  seems  no  immediate  danger  of  reWllion 
on  the  part  of  the  Dutch  republicans.  The  fate  of  the  reWUion 
of  1914  taught  them  a  lesson.  They  have  leanie<l  that  it  is  im]N)H- 
sible  for  swif  tiy  moving  commandos  of  mounted  men  to  terrorize 
the  country  as  they  did  eighteen  years  ago.  The  automobile 
has  put  an  end  to  that.  When  De  Wet's  rebels  were  rt»unde<l  up 
by-  motor  cars,  their  horses  were  completely  exhausted. 

The  thousand-mile  railway  journey  frt)m  Johannesburf;  to 
Cape  Town  took  me  two  days.  ^Iany  of  the  names  of  the  places 

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THE  OUTLOOK 


we  passed  throcu^h  had  a  &uniLar,  ring,  as  ^(afe^ing^  famous  aSi 
the  starting-point  of  the  Jameson  raid  and  famous  for  the 
remarkable  defense  pnt  up  there  in  the  Boer  War  by  eight  hnn- 
dred  British  under  Colonel  Baden-Powell,  who  held  out  for  217 
days  until  relief  came.  Also,  of  course,  Modder  River,  and 
Magersfontein,  only  a  few  miles  away,  as  well  as  Kimberley, 
famouis  for  diamonds.  On  the  train  was  an  old  British  sergeant- 
major  with  red  hair,  red  mustache,  and  fine  Greek  features 
who  had  fought  in  that  war  and  who  had  just  returned  from 
the  war  of  to^lay  after  three  years  in  Flanders  and  France.  He 
kept  shaking  his  head  as  we  passed  the  familiar  places. 

"  Ah,  that  was  a  war !"  he  said.  "  O'  course  it  was  no  picnic, 
but  a  man  'ad  a  'orae  an'  could  move  round  with  a  bit  o'  free- 
dom. This  'ere  fightin'  in  Flanders  ain't  proper  fightin'  at  alL 
It's  like  anchorin  two  prisons  side  by  side  an  makm'  'em  blaze 
away  at  each  other." 

Throughout  the  first  part  of  the  run,  while  we  were  in  the 
TransvafJ,  the  fiat  expanse  of  veldt  was  unbroken  by  any  eleva- 
tion ;  but  when  we  got  down  into  the  northern  part  of  the  Cape 
Province,  bare,  jag^g^ed,  fantastic  mountains  began  to  appear. 
Take  a  Texan  there  blindfolded  and  he  might  swear  he  was  in 
southwestern  Texas  or  northern  Mexico,  except  for  the  absence 
of  burros.  Farther  on  we  crossed  the  great  Karoo  Desert,  as  dry 
as  Arizona,  but  needing  only  irrigation,  like  all  the  country  in 
the  neighborhood,  to  make  it  as  fertile  as  anything  in  South 
Afrioa.  Like  Mexico,  South  Africa  is  virtually  imtouched  as  yet. 
Perhaps  there  is  a  good  deal  of  truth  in  the  remark  of  a  Scotch- 
man from  Johanne^urg  who  said  to  me  that,  in  his  opinion,  the 
b^t  thing  fm  S(n>(^"Amea'wotild'be'-tiie-exlut«stion  of  tiiegold 
mines. 

"  Then  they'd  turn  to  the  real  riches  of  the  country,"  said 
he.  **  It  was  the  same  way  in  Australia." 


Soqth  Africa  ne^  the  adequate  development  of  her  soil  by 

Elanters  and  farmers,  individiudly  perhaps,  not  by  great  land- 
olders.  But,  unfortunately,  most  of  the  best  land  is  now  held  by 
private  land  companies,  so  that  it  is  difficult  for  the  Govern- 
ment to  enoouraee  individual  homesteaders  to  try  their  lock 
with  the  veldt.  Much  of  the  land  hdd  by  these  private  compa- 
nies is  suitable  for  agriculture,  but  was  bought  for  its  imag- 
inary mineral  wealth.  Though  it  is  valueless  For  their  own  pur- 
poses, the  owners  will  sell  it  only  at  prices  higher  than  the 
average  immigrant  farmer  can  afford. 

But  there  is  no  better  land  in  South  Africa  tiian  that  in  the  Hex 
River  Valley,  which  we  entered  when  the  train  shot  down  from 
the  great  plateau  of  the  Karoo  Desert,  dropping  twenty-four 
hundred  feet  though  thirty-six  miles  of  picturesque  scenery. 
Irrigation  is  very  successfully  practiced  in  this  valley,  whwe 
the  soil  IB  ideal  for  many  fruits,  especially  the  grape.  The  wine 
and  brandy  of  the  Hex  River  Valley  are  famous  in  ScHith 
Africa. 

After  traveling  all  the  afternoon  through  this  pleasant  green- 
ery I  came  to  the  end  of  my  overland  journey.  A  g^eat  steep 
mountain  straddled  the  track,  shaped  liKe  a  half-bow^  its  jagged 
horizontal  ridge  darkening  two  nulea  of  the  horizon.  At  each 
end  of  this  crescent-shaped  barrier  and  nearer  us  was  a  sfaan 
smaller  mount,  the  Devil's  Peak  at  the  left,  and  the  Lion  s 
Head  at  the  right.  The  main  eminence  was  Table  Mountain. 
Cape  Town  lay  in  the  cup  at  the  bottom,  and  off  to  the  right 
was  blue  Table  Bay,  witn  American  sailing  ships  resting  at 
anchor. 

"  In  all^e  world,"  said  Fiwiide, "  there  is  perhaps  no  city  so 
beautifully  situated  as  Cape  Town."  If  he  had  said  seaport  city, 
perhaps  few  would  dispute  him. 
Oqie  Town,  Soath  Abim,  June  IS,  1918. 


THE  WAR  COSTS  AND  THE  WAR  DEBT 


BY   THEODORE    H.  PRICE 


AS  we  are  entering  upon  the  campaign  for  the  sale  of  the 
Fourth  Liberty  Loan,  it  is  altogether  appropriate  that  we 
should  take  account  of  what  two  years  of  war  will  have 
cost  us  and  determine,  if  we  can,  in  how  far  and  how  speedily 
our  expenditures  can  be  recovered  under  peace  conditions  when 
they  shall  have  been  established. 

American  pride  in  the  widely  advertised  wealth  of  the  coun- 
try has  not  only  led  us  to  be  lavish  in  spending,  but  it  has  in- 
duced more  or  less  exaggeration  in  the  current  estimates  of  the 
war's  cost  Popular  feding  is  expressed  by  the  remark,  "  Hang 
the  expense !  let  us  lick  t£e  Huns,"  and  many  people,  having 
oome  to  believe  that  victory  was  largely  a  matter  of  money, 
have  felt  a  certain  satisfaction  in  reading  of  the  unnumbereid 
billions  that  are  being  disbursed. 

To  a  certain  extent  the  growth  of  this  feeling  has  been 
encouraged  by  the  newspapers,  until  the  editors  as  well  as  the 
public  ^ve  become  careless  of  the  facts.  Thus  in  the  New 
York  "  Times  "  of  July  23,  under  the  headline  "  American  War 
Bill  Now  fifty  Billion,"  there  was  published  a  Washington 
despatch  dated  July  22,  from  which  the  following  is  a  quota- 
tion: 

In  the  first  year  the  expenditure  amoanted  to  $18,879,177,012, 

while   Congress   has  antnorized   for   the   second   year    ending 

June  30,   1919,   appropriations    amoonting    to    approximately 

$30,000,000,000. 

This  statement  and  others  like  it  have  been  widely  printed, 
and  the  reaction  of  the  public  mind  seems  to  indicate  that  most 
people  are  rather  wdl  pleased  vrith  the  wealth  and  munificence 
that  are  implied. 

'  It  would  neverthelesd'be  a  very  serious  matter  if  we  were 
dissipating  our  National  wealth  at  the  rate  named.  The  fact  is 
we  are  not  spending  any  such  sum  for  war,  and  much  of  what 
we  are  spending  is  being  invested  in  the  interest-bearing  obli- 
gations of  our  allies,  which  are  presumably  good,  and  in  ships, 
shipyards,  terminals,  warehouses,  railways,  and  other  things  that 
will  be  valuable  and  productive  long  after  peace  is  declared. 


The  amounts  that  are  being  spent  constructively  or  invested 
in  the  interest-bearing  debt  of  other  nations  cannot  be  ^MCtuatdy 
ascertained  at  present,  but  the  total  is  large  and  may  be  apprmi- 
mated.  We  know,  for  instance,  that  Congress  has  authorind 
the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  to  loan  110,000,000,000  to  oat 
allies,  and  that  the  credits  alr^dy  placed  at  their  disposal  aggm> 
gate  about  17,000,000,000. 

These  loans  all  bear  interest  at  a  rate  one-half  per  o^it  in 
excess  of  what  our  Government  is  paying. 

A  statement  obtained  from  the  Shipping  Board  indicates 
that  the  Government  will  own  the  following  property  as  of 
August  1,1919: 

Steel  ships  delivered       .    .    .    .  5,388,635  tons  »1,077 ,727,000 
•Wood  and  concrete  ships  delivered  1,627,500    "  309,412,500 

Ships  on  ways  and  fitting  out  afloat : 

Steel 4,000,000    "         400,000,000 

Wood 1,300,000   "         117,000,000 

Concrete 750,000    "  66,250jN§ 

Shipyards  and  plants 200,0004)M 

Houses 100,0004MBi 

S2,260,3S^SQ|i 

To  this  statement  there  is  appended  a  memorandinu  rea^nf 
as  follows : 

In  addition  there  will  be  an  undeterminable  but  quite  laxM 
amount  of  money  which  will  be  tied  up  in  equipment  bought 
and  paid  for  but  not  yet  put  in  ships. 

Probably  we  shall  be  well  within  the  mark  in  assuming  tint 
our  investment  in  ships  and  shipyards  a  year  hence  wiU  be  at 
least  112,750,000,000,  and  this  will  not  include  the  enormous 
additions  that  have  been  made  to  our  Navy.  Then  there  are  the 
military  warehouses  that  the  War  Department  is  constructing 
in  the  United  States,  and  the  docks,  warehouses,  and  railways 
that  have  been  built  in  France  as  well  as  in  some  other  Euro- 
pean countries.  Very  few  people  realize  that  there  is  a  complete 
American  owned  and  built  railway  system  now  in  operation  in 
France,  which  includes  lines  running  to  the  front  from  three 

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CURRENT    EVENTS    ILLUSTRATED 


Pt^ruORAPM  BY  PAUL  THOMPSON 

1.  Al-AVhTTE  DAY  CiajililiA;i'lUN-ALTON  B.  I'AHKEK  SPEAKING  NEAR  THE  LAFAYETTE  STATUE,  UNION  SQUARE,  XKW  YOUK  CITY 

■  Lufayetto  Day  liaa  now  beooiue  a  sort  of  iuteniatioiuil  holiday  of  the  Allies,  and  it  should  be  so  oontinaed." — From  an  editorial  in  Tlie  Outlook  of  Sei>tember  18 

on  "The  Leaaou  of  Lafayette  Day" 


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(C^COMMITTCC  ON  PUBLIC  INFORMATION 

■  ,-',  '     .  AMERICAN  SOLDIERS  IN  GERMANY-PASSING  BORDER  POST  WHEN  MARCHING  INTO  GERMANY 

T)ii^  (Option,  supplied  by  the  Committee  on  Public  InfonuRtion,  conveys  the  Kood  news  that  Amerioin  troops  hare  penetrated  into  the  enemy's  oonntry.   The;  c- 
,  not  yet  "  over  the  Rhine,"  but  this  picture  is  an  earnest  of  their  progress  in  that  direction 


BAIN  NEWS  SERVICE  (O  PUBLISHERS  PHOTO  SERVICE 

TUUMAS  G.  MASARVK  HE-UHJUAKTEliS  OF  THE  AMERICAN  CZECHOSLOVAK  KECKUITING  STATION— CAMP  BOROlT 

Leader  of  the  C».h..sl,,vaks  in  their  war  ^^   CONNECTICUT 


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;c)  WCSTEjlN  NEwepAPCfl  UNON 

AMEHICAN    ARTLSANS   WORKING   TO    RESTORE   CATHEDRALS 

WRECKED  BY  GERMANS 

Tlie  work  of  restoriug  European  cathedrals  defaced  by  German  Tandallim  has 

Ik-^d,  and  America  is  helping  in  the  work.   The  large  plate  glass  is  known  as 

an  easel ;  to  it  the  patterns  are  affixed  by  wax.    Kroni  this  the  exact  sizes  of 

glass  are  cut  to  reconstruct  the  church  windows 


POSTER  FOR  THE  LABOR  DAY  FETE  IN  GREENVILLE, 

SOUTH  CAROLINA 

By  Ora  B.  Edwards.   The  picture  symbolizes  the  co-operation  of  the  anny  and 

civilians  in  working  for  victory.    The  emblem  in  the  upper  right-hand  corner  is 

tliAt  of  the  War  Camp  Conmmnity  Sert'ice,  which  oi'ganized  the  celebration. 

See  editorial  couimeut  elsewhere 


K^l  UNDERWOOD  4  uriOCRWOOO 

THE  (;|{K.\T  UK(;isTKATl()N  OF  MKX   FROM  EKiHTEE.V  TO  FORTY  FIVE— SCENE  AT  A  NEW  YORK  CITY  LOCAL  BOARD 

Digitized  by  VJWVJV IV^ 


138 


THE   OUTLOOK 


2S  September 


different  French  ports  at  which  enormouib  terminals  hkve  been 
erected  at  American  expense  with  American  labor. 

These  railways  are  equipped  with  American  can  and  engines, 
are  operated  by  Amencan  soldiers,  and  it  is  said  that  one  of 
them  is  being  developed  into  a  trans- European  trunk  line  that 
will  shorten  the  time  between  Havre  and  Rome  by  twenty-four 
hours.  The  accuracy  of  this  statement  cannot  be  vouched  for, 
but  from  the  meager  information  obtainable  it  seems  safe  to 
estimate  the  cost  of  our  permanently  productive  investments  in 
Europe  at  $1,000,000,000. 

An  official  statement  from  the  War  Department  puts  the 
outlay  upon  warehouse  construction  in  the  United  States  "  com- 
pleted or  in  process  planned  to  facilitate  the  speedy  handling 
of  materials  for  the  use  of  the  Army  "  at  "  approximately 
$218,000,000."  Those  who  are  amazed  at  these  figures  should 
inspect  the  reconstructed  Bush  Terminal  in  Brooklyn,  which  is 
said  to  have  cost  $42,000,000. 

The  warehouses  completed  or  under  construction  are  located 
at  Philadelphia,  PittsbureJi,  Baltimore,  Hoboken  (New  Jersey), 
Jeffersonville  (Indiana),  l*ort  Newark  (New  Jersey),  Americus 
(Georgia),  Chicago,  Dayton  (Ohio),  Richmond  (Virg^ia),  San 
Antonio,  Middletown  (Pennsylvania),  New  Orleans,  Boston, 
Brooklyn,  St.  Louis,  Newport  News,  Little  Rock  (Arkansas), 
Schenectady,  New  Cumberland  (Pennsylvania),  Colnmbus 
(Ohio),  Charleston  (South  Carolina),  and  Norfolk  (Virginia). 

With  a  few  exceptions,  the  buOdings  are  permanent  structures 
of  concrete  brick  and  steel,  they  are  equipped  with  railway  sidings 
and  all  the  latest  devices  for  ihe  movement  of  goods  in  peace  as 
well  as  in  war  times,  and  the  facilities  that  they  will  provide  will 
no  doubt  greatly  increase  the  speed  with  which  the  vessels  of  the 
merchant  fleet  we  are  building  can  be  loaded  and  tmloaded  both 
now  and  hereafter  when  we  shall  have  recovered  the  place  that 
we  formerly  held  among  the  maritime  nations  of  the  world. 

Other  permanently  productive  investments  that  are  being 
made  as  a  result  of  uie  war  include  such  enterprises  as  the  plant 
for  subtracting  nitrogen  from  the  air  that  is  being  budt  at 
Muscle  Shoals  at  a  probable  ultimate  cost  of  $80,000,000,  a 
powder  factory  which  will  involve  an  outlay  of  $124,000,000  and 
which  is  being  designed  so  that  it  can  be  used  for  the  manufacture 
of  fertilizers,  and  scores  of  gun  and  ammunition  works  that  are 
owned  by  the  Government  and  can  be  converted  to  the  uses  of 
peace.  Finally,  there  is  the  capital  that  the  Government  has  set 
aside  for  the  War  Finance  Corporation,  the  Railroad  "  Revolv- 
ing Fund,"  and  the  Grain  Purchasing  Corporation,  which, 
though  included  in  our  war  costs,  is  being  safdy  and  produc- 
tively employed  and  wUl  be  returnable  to  the  Treasury  in  tbe 
process  of  post-bellum  liquidation. 

In  the  case  of  a  private  corpohition  such  investments  would 
be  charged  to  capital  rather  than  expense  account,  and  would 
be  reckoned  as  an  offset  against  any  resultant  increase  in  liabil- 
ities. Upon  this  theory  of  accounting,  let  us  examine  the  facts 
and  prepare  a  balance-sheet  in  which  they  will  be  set  forth  in 
their  true  relation. 

The  statement  that  "  our  war  bill  for  two  years  will  be  fifty 
billions  "  is  based  upon  the  idea  that  all  the  appropriations  made 
by  the  Sixty-fifth  Congress  for  the  two  fiscal  years  ending  June 
30,  1919,  ynH  be  spent  and  spent  irrecoverably. 

It  is  true  that  tiie  appropriations  for  the  year  ending  June 
30,  1918,  aggregated  $18,879,177,012,  and  that  the  appropria^ 
tions  and  contract  authorizations  for  the  succeeding  year  amount 
to  nearly  $30,000,000,000,  but  not  all  of  these  appropriations 
were  for  war  purposes,  nor  does  it  seem  possible  that  any  such 
sum  will  be  dubursed. 

Durinc  the  twelve  months  ending  Jmie  30, 
1918,  the  actual  disbursements  of  the 
Treasury  were  but $12,696,702,470 

Of  which  there  was  paid  : 

For  ordinary  expenses  of  the 
Government,  say    ....  $1,000,000,000 

For  interest  on  pre-war  debt, 
say 23,232,376 

For  Panama  Canal   ....  19,268,000 

For  farm  loan  bonds     .    .    .  65,018,296 

For  loans  to  Allies  at  interest     4,738,029,750        5,845,548,422 

Leaving  disbursements  on 
account  of  our  own  war  ex- 
penses        $6,851,154,048 


The  Treasury  statement  does  not  show  what  portion  of  this 
$6,851,154,048  represents  an  irrecoverable  or  nnprodoctiTe 
expenditure,  but  we  do  know  that  prior  to  June  80, 1918,  lai^ 
payments  were  made  for  ships,  shipyards,  warehouses,  terminals, 
munition  plants,  docks  at  various  foreign  ports,  and  the  great 
railway  system  that  we  are  building  in  France,  and  that  tiie 
bills  appropriating 

$500,000,000  for  the  War  Finance  Corporation, 
600,000,000  for  the  Railway  «  Revolving  Fond," 
50,000,000  for  tiie  U.  S.  Grain  Corporation, 

had  all  been  passed  before  June  80,  1918,  from,  wiuch  it 
may  be  inferred  that  substantial  payments  had  baaa 
under  tiiem.  It  is  a  guess,  but  a  reasonable  one,  thait  a 
ooverable  or  unproductive  war  expenditure  during  Hm  ft 
year  ending  June  30, 1918,  did  not  much  exceed  95,w(Lfi9<k,Q0lk, 
if  indeed  it  reached  that  sum. 

In  his  letter  of  June  5,  1918,  to  Mr.  Kitchin,  Mr.  McAdoo 
estimates  the  Treasury  disbursements  for  the  fiscal  year  ending 
June  80,  1919,  at  $24,000,000,000,  which,  added  to  the 
$12,696,702,470  paid  out  in  the  previous  year,  makes  the  total 
outlay  for  tiie  two  years  .    ......    $36,696,702,470 

From  this,  in  order  to  arrive  at  our  dis- 
bursements on  account  of  the  war,  there 
should  be  deducted : 

Expenses  of  peace  establish- 
ment, two  years    ....  $2,000,000,000 

Interest  on  pre-war  debt  two 
years,  say 50,000,000 

Amoonts  paid  and  appropri- 
ated for  farm  loan  bonds, 
two  years 265,000,000  , 

Panama  Canal,  etc 50,000,000      $2,365,000,000 

Leaving  for  two  years'  dis- 
bursements on  account  of 
war $34,331,702,470 

It  is  impossible  to  ascertain  in  detail  what 
this  sum  will  have  been  spent  for,  but  we  may 
attempt  a  rough  distribution  of  it  based 
upon  general  knowledge,  as  follows : 

Loans  tp  Allies  as  author- 
ized   $10,000,000,000 


Cost  of  ships  and  shipyards, 
aated 


2,750,000,000 


estimi 

Cost  of  railways  in  France 
and  other  permanently 
productive  investments  in 
Europe,  estimated   .     .     .        1,000,000,000 

"  Revolving  Fund  "  for  rwl- 
ways.    . 500,000,000 

Capital  War  Finance  Corpo- 
ration      500,000,000 

Capital  U.  S.  Grain  Corpo- 
ration      50,000,000 

Cost  of  Army  warehouses, 
New  York  and  elsewhere 
inU.  S 228,000,000 

Other  permanently  valuable 
or  productive  investments, 
say 972,000.000     $16,000,000,000 

Balance  of  two  years'  war 
disbursements  irrecover- 
able   $18,331,702,470 

OurtotaldisbursementH  of 36,696,702,470 

will  have  been  provided  for  as  follows  : 

Total  Liberty  Loans  author- 
ized    $22,000,000,000 

War  SavingTB  Stamps  author- 
ized         2,000,000,000 

Taxes  and  other  revenue, 
1918 4,000,000,000 

Estimated  revenue  from  Tax 

Bill  now  in  preparation    .       8,000,000,000     $36,000,000,000 

So  that  it  would  appear  that  approximately  sixty-six  per  oent<f 
mir  irrecoverable  war  expenditure,  estimated  at  $18,3^,702,471 
will  be  p,id  by  taxation  amounting  to  $12,000,000,000.  aJ 
that  agamst  the  bonds  and  War  Saving  Stamps  atithoriioi 
amounting  in  all  to  $24,000,000,000,  we  shall  have  S16.00dii 


Digitized  by  VaO^^V  IV^ 


1918 


THE    OUTLOOK 


139 


000,000  of  leooreraUe  or  productive  aasely,  leaving  ajiet  or 
uncovered  increase  in  the  |>UDlic  debt  of  only  $8,000,000,000. 

Of  course  it  may  be  urged,  and  properly,  that  a  large  allow- 
ance should  be  made  for  the  amortization  and  depreciation  of 
these  assets,  and  the  policy  of  treating  them  as  dead  invest- 
ments is  undoubtedly  wise,  but  that  policy  is  keeping  us  in  a 
poration  that  will  make  the  obligations  of  the  Unitra  States 
Government  the  most  besought  investments  in  the  world  the 
moment  that  their  further  issuance  becomes  unnecessary. 

The  question  is  not  one  of  their  repayment,  but  of  how  rapidly 
they  may  be  repaid  without  bringing  about  a  credit  contraction 
that  will  create  depression.  In  fact,  one  of  the  things  chiefly  to 
be  feared  La  that  the  lessons  of  industrial  efficiency  and  personal 
economy  learned  during  the  war  will  enable  us  to  reaocumulate 
wealth  so  rapidly  that  we  will  pay  off  the  public  debt  too  fast, 
and  thereby  deflate  an  undoubtedly  inflated  situation  so  sud- 
denly that  credit  will  be  prostrated. 

This  was  what  happened  after  our  Civil  War  and  brought 
about  the  panic  of  1873.  Men  can  adjust  themselves  to  almost 
any  change,  provided  it  is  not  too  sudden.  Deflation  is  desirable 
and  inevitable,  but  it  should  not  be  so  accelerated  that  it  will 
result  in  shock  and  dislocation. 

Including  the  mea  who  are  fighting,  and  the  men  and  women 
who  are  working  to  keep  them  supplied  with  food  and  war 
materials,  some  10,000,000  people  are  probably  engaged  in  work 
that  is,  in  a  sense,  unproductive.  When  these  people  are  re- 
turned to  the  ranks  of  productive  industry,  the  rapidity  with 
which  the^  will  be  able  to  create  wealth  will  be  astounding,  for 
their  efficiency  will  be  greatly  increased  by  tibe  new  methods 
that  have  been  introduced  and  the  devices  and  economies  that 
have  been  adopted  to  speed  up  and  augment  war  production. 

The  study  that  has  been  given  to  scientific  economy  and  the 
results  that  have  been  attained  are  not  generally  understood  or 
appreciated.  In  Washington  there  are  two  organizations  within 
<£e  War  Industries  Bou^  that  have  done  remarkable  work 
along  these  lines.  One  is  the  Conservation  Division,  formerly 
the  Commercial  Economy  Board,  of  which  A.  M.  Shaw  is  chief. 
The  other  is  the  Resources  and  Conversion  Section,  whose  chief 
is  Charles  A.  Otis. 

The  function  of  the  first-named  board  has  been  to  eliminate  the 
surplusage  of  styles  and  sizes  made  and  sold  in  the  manufacture 
and  distribution  of  staple  articles,  upon  the  theory  that  a  mul- 
tiplicity of  styles  involved  waste  in  production,  unnecessarily 
stimulated  the  demand,  and  compelled  merchants  to  carry  stocks 
that  tied  up  millions,  and  perhaps  billions,  of  capital  that  was 
needed  for  the  prosecution  of  the  war. 

To  induce  the  manufacturers  to  make  the  changes  and  intro- 
duce the  reforms  recommended  time  has  of  course  been  required, 
bat  as  their  advantages  became  apparent  the  resistance  has 
diminished,  and  in  many  different  lines  of  trade  the  simplifica- 
tions that  have  already  been  effected  will  save  an  enormous 
amount  of  labor  and  material,  which  means,  in  the  last  analysis, 
a  more  rapid  creation  of  wealth.  Thus  about  two  thousand  dif- 
ferent sizes  and  types  of  plows  and  tillage  implements  have  been 
eliminated  and  a  great  reduction  in  t£e  variety  of  other  agri- 
coltural  implements  hitherto  manufactured  has  been  effected. 
xhe  sizes  and  types  of  automobile  tires  produced  have  already 
been  reduced  from  287  to  33,  and  it  is  expected  that  within 
two  years  only  nine  standard  descriptions  will  be  noanufactured. 

There  were  formerly  six  hundred  sizes  and  types  of  metal 
bedsteads  made.  Now  only  thirty  are  produced,  and  the  metal 
tabing  used  in  their  manufacture  has  been  standardized  so  that 
its  cost  will  be  substantially  reduced. 

The  color,  height,  and  variety  of  shoes  has  been  reduced  by 
at  least  half,  with  a  corresponding  reduction  in  the  cost  of  pro- 
duction. Each  manufacturer  of  paint  and  varnish  is  now  restrict- 
ing his  product  to  thirty-two  shades  of  house  piint  and  ten 
grades  of  varnish,  as  against  nearly  one  hundred  different  vari- 
eties formerly  produced. 

To  save  cans  the  half-gaUon  and  many  of  the  smaller^ized 
packages  have  been  eliminated. 

In  the  manufacture  of  hardware,  where  the  number  of  styles 
and  sizes  hitherto  produced  was  almost  infinite,  the  reduction 
will  average  fifty  per  cent.  The  number  of  items  in  one  saw 
manufacturer's  catalogue  has  been  reduced  by  seventy  per  cent. 
In  the  stove  and  furnace  trade  seventy-five  per  cent  of  the  types 


and  sizes  baye.beeo,  cot  opt,  and  those  remaining  require  the 
least  iron  and  steel  for  tneir  production. 

In  men's  and  women's  clothing  the  simplification  of  styles 
agreed  upon  will  reduce  the  material  required  by  from  twelve  to 
twenty-five  per  cent,  and  by  restricting  the  sizes  of  samples 
about  3,450,000  yards  of  do^  will  be  saved  annually.  The  high 
price  of  tin  has  led  to  a  great  reduction  in  its  use  for  solder. 
Babbitt  metal,  bronze,  tinfoil,  etc.,  and  silk  dyers  have  learned 
that  tiiey  can  get  along  with  thirty  per  cent  of  the  tin  formerly 
used  in  giving  luster  and  weight  to  certain  grades  of  silk.  Great 
economy  has  oeen  effected  by  inducing  manu&cturers  to  stand- 
ardize tiie  size  of  the  boxes  in  which  their  goods  are  packed. 
Waist  manufacturers,  for  example,  are  packing  two  or  three 
waists  in  a  box  instead  of  one.  This  wul  save  probably  two- 
thirds  of  the  freight  space  formerly  used  for  shipping  waists. 
Similar  economies  of  shipping  space  have  been  effected  in  many 
other  lines  of  business. 

In  the  delivery  of  goods  substantial  economies  have  also  been 
secured  by  the  partial  abolition  of  *'  C.  O.  D."  and  "  on  ap- 
proval "  deliveries,  as  well  as  by  reducing  the  number  of  daily 
wagon  trips,  and  price  concessions  to  those  customers  who 
acquired  the  '*  cash  and  carry "  habit  have  also  reduced  the 
retailer's  cost  of  distribution. 

The  list  of  these  innovations  could  be  greatly  lengrthened,  but 
from  those  described  some  idea  may  be  had  of  the  enormous 
saving  in  the  cost  of  manufacturing  and  distributing  goods  that 
has  been  effected  in  almost  every  department  of  trade. 

All  these  innovations  are  essentially  methods  of  saving  labor, 
and  if  they  are  not  abandoned  after  die  war  they  will  add  enor- 
mously to  the  wealth-creating  power  of  the  Nation,  for  wealth 
is  but  labor  in  a  concrete  and  useful  form. 

The  work  of  the  Resources  and  Conversion  Section  of 
the  War  Industries  Board  is  along  similar  but  divergent  lines. 
As  a  result  of  the  specialization  of  industry  practiced  in  this 
country  there  are  hundreds  and  thousands  of  factories  that 
make  different  parts  of  the  things  that  are  assembled  and  com- 
pleted in  other  factories.  The  automobile  industry,  for  instance, 
has  become  specialized  to  an  amazing  degree. 

One  consequence  of  this  specialization  has  been  a  great  waste 
of  transportation.  A  simple  instance  of  this  is  the  pig  iron 
requirea  for  the  steel  that  will  be  idtimately  used  to  make  the 
saws  in  an  Alabama  cotton  gin. 

It  may  be  mined  at  Birmingham,  shipped  to  Pittsburgh  as 
"  P'Ki"  *nd  there  converted  into  sheet  steel.  Thence  it  might 
be  sent  to  Philadelphia  to  be  made  into  saws,  and  then  again 
back  to  its  point  of  origin,  Alabama,  where  it  is  worn  out  taking 
the  seed  from  the  cotton. 

In  many  other  cases  there  ia  a  still  greater  waste  of  trans- 

fortation,  and  in  one  instance  the  same  material  transmuted 
y  successive  manufacturing  processes  is  known  to  have  been 
shipped  back  and  forth  over  nearly  identical  routes  some  eleven 
times  before  it  became  part  of  the  finished  article  and  was  put 
to  use. 

To  eliminate  this  unnecessary  transportation  where  possible, 
in  so  far  as  the  manufacture  of  war  material  is  concerned,  is  the 
task  to  which  Mr.  Otis  has  addressed  himself,  and  he  is  succeed- 
ing so  well  that  he  will  probably  effect  a  lasting  revolution  in 
American  industry  that  will  save  hundreds  of  mmions  annually 
both  during  the  war  and  afterward. 

But  it  would  take  a  book  to  describe  all  the  scientific  econo- 
mies that  have  been  learned  or  evolved  from  the  experience  of 
the  war.  We  have  been  taught  to  save  coal,  to  utilize  by-products, 
to  use  com  instead  of  wheat  for  bread,  to  eat  less  meat  and 
sugar  and  to  live  healthier  lives,  to  wear  old  clothes  and  wear 
them  out,  and  to  earn  more  by  increasing  our  production,  and 
spend  less  by  decreasing  our  consumption. 

By  the  saving  in  labor  thus  effected  we  have  been  able  to 
supply  the  man  power  necessary  for  the  successful  prosecution 
of  the  war,  and  oy  the  practice  of  the  nnnuraberod  economies 
that  are  rapidly  becoming  habits  we  have  been  able  to  follow  a 
"  pay-as-you-  go "  policy  in  meeting  the  war's  expenses  and  to 
loan  some  $7,000,000,000  or  more  to  our  allies  besides. 

The  experience  has  been  salutary,  its  lessons  will  not  be  for- 
gotten, and  the  record  thus  far  indicates  that  we  will  be  able  to 
recreate  the  wealth  destroyed  and  pay  the  debts  incurred  within 
a  surprisingly  short  time  after  the  re^stablishment  of  peace. 


Digitized  by  VJ^^^^V  IV^ 


140 


THE  OUTLOOK 


« NOTHING    BUT    A    BOCHE" 

BY  WILLIAM   L.  STIDGER 

(Written  on  boaid  a  United  States  transport  ooming  home) 


SOME  special  experiences  that  one  has 
in  France  durin?  these  war  days  stand 
ont  like  the  silhouettes  of  mountain 
peaks  against  a  crimson  sunset.  One 
of  these  experiences  was  that  with  the 
m^or  down  on  our  line. 

it  was  a  morning  in  March,  following  one 
of  the  hottest  raids  that  the  American 
troops  had  endured  and  swept-  back  up  to 
that  time. 

The  raid  had  started  at  3  a.m.  with  a  gas 
attack.  This  lasted  for  an  hour,  and  then  a 
heary  shelling  began,  after  which  there  was 
a  marked  pause  so  that  the  major  thought 
it  was  over  for  that  day.  As  was  the  usual 
custom,  he  allowed  two  Y  secretaries  to 
go  down  into  the  front-line  trenches  with 
provisions  for  the  boys.  But  about  the  time 
they  got  there  and  had  unloaded  their  bags, 
which  they  carried  over  their  shoulders, 
the  Boche  started  his  shelling  again. 

"  Yon  fellows  will  have  to  beat  it  back !" 
theyoung  captain  said. 

The  two  secretaries  started  back  through 
a  commnnication  trench  which  led  into  a 
woods  through  which  they  had  already 
come  that  morning.  From  this  woods  the 
trench  led  across  a  field  to  a  camouflsjg^ed 
road  which  was  the  exit  of  the  trench  into 
the  little  vilh^.  The  sheUs  were  falling 
fast  in  the  woods  as  they  hurried  tlirough. 
They  didn't  know  just  how  they  would  get 
through  the  open  field  that  was  before  them, 
even  though  there  was  a  trench  there. 
They  knew  it  to  be  within  plain  view  of  the 
German  heavies.  When  tney  got  to  the 
edge  of  the  woods,  however,  fate  decided 
their  course  for  them,  for  they  found  a 
wounded  German  prisoner  who  had  both 
legs  broken.  He  was  lying  on  a  stretcher, 
and  lying  beside  him  on  the  ground  were 
two  stretcher-bearers. 

"  We're  all  tired  out  and  can't  carry  him 
a  step  farther.  We've  already  toted  him 
two  miles,  and  he's  nothin'  bat  a  Boche 
anyhow ;  we're  going  to  leave  him  right 
here." 

But  the  two  secretaries  protested  and 
offered  to  spell  the  stretcher-bearers  if  they 
would  take  the  wounded  Gennan  on  in. 
This  M^reed  to.  they  started  across  the 
open  field  through  the  communication 
trench.  Half  way  across  they  found  that  the 
shelling  of  that  morning  had  caved  in  the 
trench  completely.  What  were  they  to  do  ? 

They  must  either  go  back  to  the  woods 
or  climb  out  and  carry  their  wounded  man 
along  the  parapet.  They  talked  it  over  and 
agreed  that  it  they  carried  the  prisoner 
on  their  shoulders,  "being  in  plain  sight  of 
the  German  gunners,  they  would  not  be 
shelled,  especially  when  the  Germans  could 
see  thatiit  was  a  German  wounded  man  that 
they  were  carrying  back.  So  on  this  supposi- 
tion they  started  out  along  the  parapet. 

But  tney  were  new  to  tSe  game  of  Ger- 
man warJmre,  and  they  soon  found  that 
they  had  started  out  on  the  wrong  suppo- 
sition, for  in  half  a  minute  a  terrific  bar- 
rage of  German  shells  was  falling  around 
them,  some  bursting  within  twenty  feet  of 
them.  If  it  had  not  been  for  the  fact  that 
it  had  been  raining  for  several  days  and 
the  shells  sank  into  the  mud  two  feet  before 
they  exploded,  the  whole  crowd  would  have 
been  blown  to  bits. 

As  it  was,  they  dropped  their  wounded 
prisonet  on  the  parapet  and  "  beat  it,"  as 
the  fifty-year-old  preaclier-secretary  de- 
scribed it  to  me  the  next  day. 


"  And  I  never  knew  before  that  I  eonld 
make  a  hundred  yards  in  six  seconds.  I 
was  like  the  Negro  doughboy :  I  heard  the 
shell  twice,  once  when  it  passed  me  and 
Main  when  I  passed  it.  I  was  much  older 
tnan  any  of  those  other  fellows,  but  I  beat 
them  across  that  field. 

"  We  reported  to  the  major.  He  said  to 
us,  'Boys,  where  is  your  wounded  Ger- 


" '  We  left  him  back  there  on  the  part^iet, 
sir.'" 

The  major,  a  typical  American  officer, 
looked  at  tnem  a  wlule  and  then  said  some- 
thing that  makes  me  thrill  with  the  pride  of 
beingan  American  every  time  I  think  of  it : 

"  Well,  he  may  be  nothing  but  a  Boche, 
but  we're  Americans,  and  you'll  have  to  go 
back  and  get  your  wounded  prisoner.  If 
yon  men  don't  want  to  go,  I  must  go  my- 

And  back  these  two  secretaries  and  a 
young  lieutenant  orderly  went.  The  streteh- 
er-bearers  had  disappeared.  There  was 
another  barr^e  of  snell  fire,  and  the  men 
lay  in  a  sheU  hole  for  two  hours;  but 
at  last  they  got  their  wounded  German 
back. 

"  He  may  be  nothing  but  a  Boche,  but 
we're  Americans,"  is  a  sentence  that  ought 
to  go  down  in  history  to  the  glory  of  the 
American  officer. 

But  the  officer  is  not  the  only  man  with 
this  spirit  in  the  American  Army.  I  can 
illnstnto  this  by  following  this  same  Ger- 
man boy  to  the  evacuation  hospital.  I  saw 
him  there  a  week  later.  His  legs  had  both 
been  set  and  he  was  lying  in  a  bed  between 
two  Americans.  His  legs  were  propped  up 
and  weighted.* 

This  Doy  was  lying  there  and  several 
American  soldiers  were  giving  him  a  little 
concert.  I  remember  that  one  had  a 
mouth  organ,  one  had  a  guitar,  and  one  had 
a  mandolm,  and  several  others  were  sing- 
ing. The  wounded  German  boy  was  over- 
come by  this  unexpected  kindness  and  lay 
there  with  the  big  tears  rolling  down  over 
his  cheeks. 

"  Ah,  he's  nothin'  bat  a  kid,"  one  of  the 
Americans  said  to  me  as  I  came  up  to  the 
little  group.  "  He's  nothin'  but  a  kid  even 
if  he  IS  a  Boche." 

The  Gennan  told  lu  through  an  inter- 
preter that  his  officers  had  told  all  of  the 
soldiers  that  the  Americans  were  barbari- 
ans and  that  all  men  who  fell  into  their 
hands  would  be  killed.  The  momin?  that  he 
was  received  into  the  hospital  liad  almost 
convinced  him  that  this  was  true,  for 
souvenir-seeking  Americans  had  actually 
stripped  him  of  the  buttons  on  his  coat,  had 
taken  his  helmet,  his  insignia,  and  every- 
thing that  would  make  a  possible  souvenir. 
He  was  certain  that  this  was  the  prelimi- 
nary to  the  murdering  that  he  had  been  told 
that  he  must  expect  if  he  fell  into  the  Iiands 
of  the  Americans.  But,  much  to  his  aston- 
ishment, he  was  well  cared  for  at  the  hos- 
pital. He  was  washed  and  then  dressed  in 
clean  clothes.  He  was  well  fed  and  well 
cared  for  by  both  doctors  and  nurses,  and 
then  the  climax  was  reached  when  the  sol- 
diers serenaded  him.  This  overcame  him. 
The  tears  felL 

There  are  some  who  will  scorn  this  kind 
of  a  story,  and  some  who  believe  that  it  is 
bad  policy,  but  I  know  of  many  thoughtful 
men  in  France  who  believe  that  if  the 
common  German  soldier  finds  out  that  the 


25  September 

American  treats  his  prisoners  in  this  man- 
ner when  they  are  wounded  it  will  do 
more  to  destroy  the  morale  of  the  German 
army  than  anything  that  could  happen. 

Then  there  is  another  silhouette  memorj' 
of  France. 

It  u  that  of  a  little  graveyard  in  a 
French  field  where  two  stone  fences  meet. 
It  was  springtime.  There  were  five  lads  to 
be  laid  away  that  fair  morning  in  Giod's 
Acre.  There  were  three  privates,  a  captain, 
and  a  Grerman  boy. 

A  few  of  us  stood  around  this  little  quiet 
place  with  uncovered  heads  while  the  chap- 
lain read  the  service.  Then  the  first  body 
was  lowered  into  the  grave,  the  salute 
fired  and  Taps  sounded.  Then  came  the 
second  boy.  Then  the  third,  with  the  salute 
fired  and  Tape  sounded.  Then  came  the 
American  captain,  with  the  salute  and 
Taps.  Then  came  the  Boche. 

The  firing  squad  didn't  know  what  to  do 
about  the  Boche.  The  sergeant  turned  to 
the  captain-chaplain  and  said,  "  Sir,  shall 
we  fire  a  salute  for  the  German  ?" 

We  waited  anxiously  to  hear  the  Ameri- 
can officer's  answer.  It  was  a  tense  moment. 
But  we  were  not  to  be  disappointed.  In- 
deed, we  seldom  are  in  our  American  offi- 
cers. No  finer  group  of  men  lead  an  army 
in  Europe  thaii  our  American  officers. 
"He  may  be  nothing  but  a  Boche,  but 
we're  Americans,"  illustrates  the  spirit  of 
them  all.  They  do  not  drive;  they  lead. 
Officers  are  just  as  much  exposed  to  fire 
as  anybody  else.  And  this  officer  of  the 
Church  was  no  exception.  He  saw  his  great 
opportunity.  He  seized  it ;  and  in  quick, 
short,  sharp,  meaningful  sentences  he 
spoke : 

"  Boys,  we  are  not  fighting  this  dead  Ger- 
man boy :  this  poor  1m  is  out  of  it  all  for 
good.  And,  after  all,  he  is  just  some  Ger- 
man mother's  son.  We  are  not  fighting 
him.  We  are  fighting  the  German  mihtary 
caste,  the  German  Government,  the  Ger- 
man nation,  but  not  this  dead  boy.  He  had 
died  on  the  field  of  battle.  Yes ;  play  Taps 
for  the  Boche  1" 

I  shall  never  cease  to  feel  proud  of  that 
chaplain  to  the  end  of  my  oays,  and  his 
short,  sharp,  manly,  American,  military 
sentence,  "  Yes  ;  play  Taps  for  the  Boche  I 
shall  ring  in  my  heart  ana  memory  forever, 
and,  I  think,  in  the  hearts  and  memories, 
too,  of  every  man  who  stood  in  that  little 
comer  of  a  French  field  that  shall  be  for 
always  sacred  to  gome  American  homes  and 
to  one  German  home. 


A  VIOLET   IN   FRANCE 

ON  PLUCIUNO  A  VtOLKT  rROM  A  DKMOtlSBSD 
WAYSIDE  SHRINE  NEAR  THE  FRONT 

BY   VICTOR   C.    REESE 

Amerloui  Expeditiooary  Forces 

I  picked  a  violet  in  France, 
Belov^  of  shade  and  dew. 
I  wish  ray  idle  hands  had  left 
It  smiling  where  it  grew. 

Beside  a  little  wayside  shrine 
Demolished  in  the  war 
It  steadfastly  proclaimed  its  faith 
That  God  wotud  quite  restore 

Each  lovely  work  of  his  that  man 
In  churlish  wrath  destroyed. 
And  that  new  loveliness  would  fill 
Each  aching,  empty  void. 

It  was  a  little  violet ; 

I  held  it  in  my  hand 

And  marveled  that  its  withering 

Should  make  me  understand. 


Djgitized  by 


Google 


1918  THE  OUTLOOK 

OUR    MEDICAL    CORPS   IN   ACTION 

BY  H.  W.  BOYNTON 


LESS  than  two  centnriea  ago  the  armv 
doctor  was  still  a  "  barber  surgeon. 
His  primary  duty  was  to  shave  the 
offieers  of  the  line.  No  doubt  he  did 
that  better  than  anything  else,  since  modem 
medical  science  is  little  more  than  a  cen- 
tnnr  old.  Quite  naturally,  the  old  tradition 
of  nim  has  died  hard  in  the  army.  His  uni- 
form tall  verv  recently  has  remained  a 
sort  of  fancy  dress  in  the  eyes  of  the  pub- 
lic and  the  lighting  man.  It  was  not  so 
manv  years  ago,  says  the  historian,  that "  a 
British  medical  officer  who  had  been  re- 
warded for  heroism  in  the  field  was  con- 
temptuously dubbed  '  a  brave  civilian  '  by 
the  commander -of  the  British  army,  a  man 
who  never  saw  a  battle."  Heroism  in  the 
field  is  an  incident  in  the  medical  service.  ' 
Quite  as  many  army  surgeons  (by  percent- 
age) have  been  killed  in  this  war  as  officers 
at  the  line. 

The  current  achievement  of  our  own 
Medical  Cktrps  might  be  recognized  more 
generously,  in  its  work  at  the  front  it  is 
said  to  be  already  more  efficient  than  any 
other ;  none  exceis  it,  we  may  safely  say, 
in  personnel,  methods,  or  organization. 
After  we  entered  the  war,  it  did  in  a  year 
what  it  had  taken  the  British  three  years 
to  do.  We  had  their  experience  to  go  by 
and  the  experience  of  our  volunteer  units 
during  the  early  rears  of  the  war.  But  we 
had  something  else— the  qualities  we  like 
to  think  of  as  American,  the  knack  of 
adapting  ourselves  to  new  conditions  and 
problems — assets  of  initiative  and  flexibil- 
ity, as  well  as  of  trained  skill.  The  Ger- 
man medical  service  is  a  capable  mech- 
anism. The  British  service  hais  been  more 
or.  less  hampered  by  the  famous  British 
conservatism.  The  American  service  at 
once  showed  itself  ready  to  adopt  old 
methods  or  invent  new  ones,  as  the  emer- 
gency might  require.  It  possessed  an 
amazing  volunteer  personnel.  We  discov- 
ered, not  long  after  the  war  broke,  that  a 
queer  thing  had  happened  "  over  there  " — 
an  over-stock  of  American  specialists  of 
the  highest  class.  Men  of  general  utility 
had  to  be  called  for,  to  take  the  plumbing 
off  the  watchmakers'  hands.  A  roster  ot 
our  Medical  Corps  overseas  in  those  first 
months  would  have  been  a  sort  of  "  Who's 
Who  "  for  our  most  distinguished  medical 
men  in  all  fields.  They  were  the  first  to  be 
taken  for  service  at  tne  front.  In  a  way, 
they  had  most  to  give.  But  the  others  were 
eaually  needed  and  equally  ready  to  give 
wnat  they  had  ;  and  this  we  shall  not  for- 
get. 

But  we  ought  not  to  let  our  pride  in  these 
volunteers  obscure  the  merit  of  our  Regu- 
lars. The  American  Army  surgeon  has 
always  played  an  important  part  in  our  med- 
ical affairs,  and  has  had  little  credit  for  it 
with  the  public  at  large.  For  example,  it  was 
Surgeon-General  Rush,  of  the  Continental 
Army,  who  made  the  first  American  studies 
in  hygiene,  insanity,  and  anthropology. 
His  successor,  William  Browne,  prepared 
the  first  American  pliarmacopoeia.  Another 
army  aargeon,  John  Jones,  published  the 
first  American  work  on  medicine  and  sur- 
gery. Another,  William  Beaumont,  was  the 
pioneer  in  experimental  physiology ;  his 
experiments  in  the  physiology  of  digestion 
gave  him  international  fame.  Major  Walter 
Reed,  of  our  Medical  Corps,  was  the  man 
who  discovered  the  yellow  fever  mosquito 
and  who  had  most  to  do  with  the  discovery 
of  the  real  causes  and  means  of  control  of 


typhoid  epidemics.  Since  the  beginning 
of  the  present  war.  Colonel  Louis  A. 
La  Garde's  treatise  on  gunshot  wounds 
has  demolished  the  old  theory  that  the  heat 
of  ignition  and  explosion  sterilizes  a  missile. 
His  proof  that  the  bacilli  of  lockjaw  survive 
a  journey  by  bullet  has  led  to  tJie  anta- 
tetanic  injection  as  a  first-aid  measure. 
These  names  may  serve  to  suggest  the 
quality  of  the  men  who  have  worn  the  uni- 
form of  our  Medical  Corps  from  the  be- 
ginning. The  name  of  Surgeon-General 
Gorgas  may  well  cap  the  Ust. 

Few  important  discoveries  in  medicine 
or  surgery  have  been  made  since  August, 
1914.  There  has  been  no  such  event  as 
Lister's  discovery  of  the  value  of  antiseptics 
in  surgery  just  before  the  Franco-I^russian 
War  of  18y0.  His  method  is  still  the  main 
relianceof  the  army  8urgeon,though  the  best 
civil  practice  has  swung  from  antisepsis  to 
asepsis.  Roughly  speaking,  one  is  the  way  of 
poisoning  the  flies  in  one  s  kitchen,  and  the 
other  u  the  way  of  keeping  them  out  alto- 
gether. The  method  of  asepsis  is  the  method 
of  absolute  cleanliness^-ot  sterilizing,  as  it 
were,  everything  but  the  wound,  ana  treatr 
ing  that  with  frequent  and  literal  irrigation, 
with  pure  water.  It  is  when  this  method 
could  be  used  that  the  most  surprising  cures 
of  this  war  have  been  eSectea.  But  there 
is  neitlier  time  nor  space  nor  leisure  for 
these  methods  near  ^^  front.  What  is  done 
must  be  done  quickly  with  the  aid  of  anti- 
septic solutions,  the  best  of  which,  to  be 
sure,  are  of  our  own  time.  With  the  meth- 
ods and  weapons  of  the  new  warfare  have 
come  new  injuries  and  diseases.  Most  of 
them  have  to  be  dealt  with  by  the  applica- 
tion of  old  principles  and  methods  to  the 
fresh  problem.  One  of  them,  gas  gangrene, 
was  studied  by  an  American  before  it  be- 
came an  effect  of  war.  As  far  back  as  the 
nineties  Professor  Welch,  of  Johns  Hop- 
kins, discovered  the  "bacillus  Welchii," 
the  malignant  agent  of  gas  gangrene. 
There  are  other  effects  of  g^  and  of  trench 
fighting — new  wound  infections  and  dis- 
oraers  of  the  nerves,  and  the  baffling 
results  of  shell  shock  and  wind  contusion. 
These  problems  had  to  be  faced  before  we 
came  into  the  war,  but  our  volunteer  units 
did  their  part  in  working  them  out,  and 
our  Army  service  was  ready  for  them  when 
the  hour  struck.  Our  most  distinctive  con- 
tribution thus  far  in  surgery  has  been  in 
bone-grafting.  "  Siraplicissimus  "  might  do 
one  of  its  delicately  numorous  pictures  of 
the  Yankee  building  a  new  jaw  for  the 
race  !  In  a  mechanical  way,  various  Yankee 
notions  have  been  contrived :  a  new  ham- 
mock-stretcher for  crooked  trenches  where 
the  standard  stretcher  had  proved  useless, 
a  standardization  of  surgical  splints,  and 
so  on. 

After  all,  it  b  in  the  field  of  prevention 
that  we  have  done  most.  Our  British  cousin 
is  notoriously  proud  of  his  personal  "  tub- 
bing." Perhaps  we  take  that  process  a  little 
more  for  granted,  and  are  less  inclined  to 
be  content  with  it  We  got  the  habit  of 
civic  and  domestic  as  well  as  personal  sani- 
tation some  time  ago,  while  the  average 
Briton  still  fumbles  for  the  idea  of  tiiat 
slightly  ludicrous  thing, "  American  plumb- 
ing." By  the  same  token  tlie  Tommy  seems 
to  nave  taken  his  French  billet  pretty  much 
as  he  found  it.  American  troops,  we  are 
told,  insist  on  cleaning  up  the  premises 
before  they  will  tarry  in  them  even  for  a 
niglit.  Their  fight  is  against  the  vermin 


141 

that  tiansmit  typhus'  and  other  ancient 
scourges,  and  against  the  flying  germs 
that  breed  in  filUt.  Not  only  typnoid,  but 
the  paratyphoids  and  cholera  nave  fallen 
before  their  tiny  hypodermic  lance.  Care, 
ajad  more  care,  is  l>emg  taken  against  the 
enlistment  of  diseased  men,  especially  the 
tuberculous.  Certain  very  recent  studies 
and,  experiments  even  promise  control  of 
that  elusive  foe  of  armies  in  the  field,  the 
dreaded  dysentery.  And  this  is  all  of  our 
generation.  "Atthecloseof  the  Civil  War," 
says  Dr.  Osier,  "  we  had  no  positive  knowl- 
e<ue  of  the  cause  of  any  of  the  grMt  scourges 
of  numanity."  During  the  Spanish- Ameri- 
can War  typhoid  was  still  at  large.  A  few 
rears  later  our  whole  army  on  the  Mexican 
Dorder  was  jabbed  in  the  arm — and  the  only 
case  of  typnoid  known  among  those  thou- 
sands was  that  of  a  teamster  who  bad 
somehow  dodged  the  needle. 

What  is  the  visible  result  of  all  this  in  a 
large  way  ?  Daring  the  Civil  War  there 
were  six  times  as  many  deaths  from  disease 
as  from  violence.  Unaoubtedly  there  have 
been  twice  as  many  as  that,  taking  an  aver- 
age of  relatively  modern  wars.  In  the 
present  war  the  figures  read  the  other  way. 
And  our  army  leMs  the  rest  in  health.  As 
early  as  last  March  Greneral  Gorgas  made 
an  astonishing  announcement,  which  seemed 
to  attract  little  attention :  "  The  world's 
military  hygiene  record  for  deaths  from 
sickness  hiu  been  reduced  more  than  fifty 
per  cent  in  the  United  States  Army  since 
we  entered  the  war.  The  record  until  that 
time  was  held  by  the  Japcmese,  and  was 
twenbr-one  deathis  per  thousand.  Deaths  in 
the  Ijnited  States  Army  have  dropped  to 
ten  per  thousand."  As  tor  conditions  at  the 
front,  we  have  the  extraordinary  recent 
statement,  on  good  authority,  that  "the 
doctor  has  so  dealt  with  the  situation  in  the 
camps  .  .  .  that  the  actual  death  rate  from 
disease  among  the  men  in  the  camps,  under 
all  the  hardships  to  which  they  have  been 
exposed,  is  less  than  two-thirds  of  what  it 
was  in  times  of  peace  in  the  barracks." 
Besides  its  functions  of  prevention  and  sal- 
vage, there  is  the  third  great  field  of  tiie 
mwiem  medical  service,  "  reconstruction  " 
— the  care  and  training  of  the  human  flot- 
sam cast  back  on  our  snores  by  the  tempest 
of  war.  MiUtary  wrecka^  there  must  oe  ; 
our  new  determination '  is  that  it  shall  not 
be  moral  and  civil  wreckage  as  welL 

There  is  yet  anotlier  aspect  of  the  medi- 
cal service.  Pirogoff,  tlie  Russian  surgeon, 
declared  that  war  itself  is  an  epidemic,  and 
that  "not  medicine,  but  administration, 
plays  the  leading  part  in  the  aid  of  the  sick 
and  wounded  in  the  scenes  of  war."  As  a 
feat  of  organization,  the  expansion  of  our 
Medical  Corps  has  Itardly  been  paralleled 
in  any  other  oranch  of  the  Army  service. 
It  was  prepared  for  war,  and  when  war 
came  it  knew  what  was  to  be  done  and 
worked  without  delay  or  confusion.  It 
keeps  "  ahead  of  tlie  game  " — manned  and 
equipped  for  the  care  of  far  larger  forces 
than  are  actually  in  the  field.  Its  organiza- 
tion, we  need  to  remind  ourselves,  covers 
far  more  than  the  relatively  spectacular 
service  at  tlie  front.  As  war  loses  its  tradi- 
tional glamor,  we  begin  to  see  how  much 
of  it  belongs  to  tlie  rear.  We  have  our 
great  hospital  system,  our  huge  armies  to 
care  for,  on  this'side  of  the  water.  And  tlie 
heart  and  nerve-center  of  the  whole  big 
working  concern,  at  home  and  abroad,  may 
be  found  in  tlie  office  of  the  Surgeon-Gen- 
eral at  Washington — an  office  covering 
seven  floors  of  the  busy  "  Arnex  "  that 
flanks  the  Army  and  Navy  Building,  on  tlie 
side  away  from  tlie  White  House. 

Digitized  by  Va\^»^V  iC 


142  THE   OUTLOOK 

WEEKLY  OUTLINE  STUDY  OF 
CURRENT  HISTORY 

^  BY   J.  MADISON  GATHANY,  A.M. 

HOPB  STBBBT  HIGH  SCHOOL,  PROVIDENCE.  B.  I. 

Based  on  The  Outlook  of  September  18, 1918 

Eaoh  week  am  OnUine  Study  of  Current  Hiatory  bued  on  the  preoeding  number  of  The  Ondook  will 
be  printed  for  the  benefit  of  current  erents  claases,  debating;  oluba,  teacben  of  history  and  of  Engliah,  and 
the  like,  and  for  use  in  the  home  and  by  snoh  indiTidual  readers  a*  may  desire  anggeetiona  in  the  aerioua 
atudy  of  current  hiatory. — Thb  Editob8. 


25  September 


[Thoae  who  are  naiiiK  the  weekly  outline  thoiild 
not  attempt  to  oorer  the  whole  of  an  outline  in  any 
one  leaaon  or  stndy.  Assign  for  one  leason  selected 
qneationa,  one  or  two  propositions  for  diaonasion, 
and  only  anch  words  as  are  found  in  the  material 
assigned.  Or  distribute  selected  questions  among 
different  members  of  the  class  or  group  and  have 
them  report  their  findings  to  all  when  assembled. 
Then  have  all  discuss  the  qnestiona  together.] 

1 — INTKRNATIONAIi    AFFAIRS 

A.  Topics  BoWievism-and-  AppUed' Anti- ■' 

Bolshevigm. 
Reference:  Pages  92,  93. 
Questions:  ' 

1.  Who  are  the  BoUheviki  ?  State  and 
discass  gome  of  their  beliefs.  2.  Mr.  Roose- 
velt believes  America  has  its  Bolsheviki. 
Who  are  they  ?  What  would  he  have  done 
to  them  ?  By  what  authority  and  in  what 
manner  would  Mr.  Roosevelt  deal  with 
these  Bolsheviki  ?  Tell  why,  in  your  opin- 
ion, he  is  or  is  not  too  severe.  8.  Explain 
.  clearly  the  meaning  of  profiteers,  exploit- 
ing capitalists,  and  "  direct  action  "  men. 
Give  illustrations.  4.  Mr.  Roosevelt  advo- 
cates stem,  prompt,  and  efficient  action 
iwainst  all  such  persons  and  corporations. 
He  also  believes  that  the  conditions  which 
cause  the  wrong-doing  should  be  remedied. 
State  just  what  action  yon  would  bring 
against  such  peo^e,  and  explain  how  the 
conditions  can  be  remedied.  5.  Explain  > 
what  Mr.  Roosevelt  means  by.  the  "  look- 
ahead  power."  He  is  of  the  opinion  that 
this  sort  of  power  will  be  necessary  to  a 
high  degree  m  oar  country.  Give  several 
reasons  why.  6.  Explain  how  the  "  look- 
ahead  power "  can  be  developed.  7.  What 
is  meant  by  an  "  orderly  Grovemment "  ? 
Name  the  principles  and  ideals  that  an 
enduring  Government  must  be  founded 
upon.  o.  The  Bolsheviki  do  not  believe  in 
either  patriotism  or  nationalism ;  they  be- 
lieve in  what  they  term  "  intemationausm." 
What  results  have  their  beliefs  had  upon 
Russia?  What  effect  upon  other  nations? 
Would  you  substitute  internationalism  for 
nationalism  ?  Reasons.  9.  Is  there  an  inter- 
nationalism that  is  really  helpful  ?  Explain. 
10.  Tell  very  definitely  what  Americanism 
is  and  what  it  is  not.  11.  Place  in  your 
library  and  stttdy  "The  Foes  of  Our 
Own  Household,"  by  Theodore  Roosevelt 
(Doran),  and  "  Americanism — What  It  Is," 
by  D.  J.  Hill  (Appleton). 

B.  Topic :  The  Lesson  of  Lafayette  Day. 
Reference  :  flditorial,  pages  85,  86. 
Questions: 

1.  When  and  where  was  Lafayette  bom  ? 
What  were  the  conditions  in  France  and  in 
America  at  the  time  he  offered  his  services 
to  our  country?  2.  Tell,  with  reasons, 
what  you  think  of — "  Lafayette  is  as  un- 
forgettable as  Washington  in  American 
history  and  affection."  If  this  statement 
is  true,  what  is  its  significance  ?  3.  Has 
America    been    saved  twice    by    French 


valor  ?  Explain  your  answer.  4.  What  u 
a  negotiated  peace  ?  Illustrate.  A  dictated 
peace  ?  Illustrate.  5.  Do  you  think  this  war 
should  continue  until  the  Allies  march  into 
Berlin  and  there  dictate  peace  at  the  can- 
non's mouth  on  German  soil  ?  Tell  why  or 
why  not.  6.  Should  the  Allies  arrange  a 
just  and  righteous  peace  with  Grermany? 
If  so,  should  defeated  Grermanv  be  permit- 
ted to  have  anything  to  say  about  what  is 
a'"  just  and  righteous"  peace?  What  would 
the  conditions  and  terms  of  such  a  peace 
be  ?  7.  According  to  The  Outlook,  wbat  is 
the  most  important  lesson  of  Lafayette 
Day  ?  What  does  it  say  about  that  lesson  ? 
8.  Tell  why  you  do  or  do  not  i^ee  with 
The  Outlook.  Name  other  lessons  of  La- 
fayette Day  and  discuss  them.  9.  You  will 
find  valuaole  reading  in  "  The  Vandal  of 
Europe,"  by  Wilhelra  Mtthlon  (Futnams), 
and  « In  the  Fourth  Year,"  by  H.  G.  Wells 
(MacmiUan). 

II — KATIOXAI.  AFFAIRS 

Topic  :  The  Student-Soldier. 
Reference :  Page  82. 
Questicns  : 

1.  What  u  the  Students'  Army  Train- 
ing Corps  ?  What  are  its  methods  and  pur- 
pose? (See  The  Outlook,  September  11, 
1918,  page  48.^  2.  Do  you  thmk  it  would 
be  unaemocratic  to  send  the  student-soldier 
"at  once  on  the  firing  line"?  Give  rea- 
sons. 3.  Tell  somewlut  at  length  what 
influence  this  war  is  having  upon  our  tra- 
ditional educational  ideas  and  methods. 
4.  From  the  standpoint  of  government, 
what  authority  is  responsible  for  our  edu- 
cational system  ?  Do  you  think  this  is  as  it 
should  be  ?  5.  Read  the  editorial  in  The 
Outlook  of  September  11, 1918,  p^es  46, 
47,  entitled  "  A  Legacy  of  the  War  to 
Our  Colleges,"  and  discuss  what  the  editors 
say  in  it. 

ni — PROPosiTioire  for  disodssion 

(These  propoaitians  are  suggested  directly  or  indi- 
rectly by  the  anbieot-matter  of  The  Outlook,  but 
not  diacnased  in  it.) 

1.  The  loyal  American  is  the  best  inter- 
nationalist. 2.  All  reasonable  persons  be- 
lieve in  a  league  of  free  nations.  3.  All 
institutions  are  made  of  and  sustained  by 
propaganda.  4.  Arbitrary  authority  is  the 
most  corrupting  influence  known. 

IV — vocabulary  BuiuJiira 

(All  of  the  following  worda  and  ezpreaaions  are 
found  in  The  Outlook  for  September  18,  1918.  Both 
before  and  after  looking  them  up  in  the  dictionary  or 
elaewhere,  ^ive  their  meaning  in  yow  oum  word». 
The  fignrea  in  parentheaes  refer  to  pages  on  which 
the  words  may  be  found.) 

Bolshevism,  fanatics,  the  I.  W.  W.,  capi- 
talism (92)  ;  Cai-dinal,  immoral  nations, 
treaties  (85) ;  college,  inducted,  educa- 
tion, chemistry,  topography,  instruction, 
'  non-commissioned  officer,  academic,  effect, 
factor  (82). 


A  booklet  tuggating  methoda  of  tuing  the  Weekly  Outline  of  Current  History  unll  be  sent  on  application 


E  DAG  E'S 


I! 


CIGNET 

^^^M     THE      P  E  R  M  A  N  t  'si  T  S 

INK 


I  DOtif  7  Hm  Uutlooh 


IniBortaBt  to  SnbscrAm  TiT^S^mr^  »idf<»». 

boUk  old  uid  new  addrea  ahould  b«  gTnn.   Kindlv  writs. 
It  posiibl*,  two  weeki  before  the  chuse  h  to  lake  effect. 


Strengthen  Your 

Eyes! 

Freaerve   Your  Moat  Prmciowu 
PoascMMton 

Tour  slgfat  U  your  moit  predout  gift.  Weak  eyttigbt 
mMiu  wmk  power  of  obeerrmtkNi,  eye  atrftfai,  eye  ai»- 
flMSt  and  nntud  incoBTeatenoe.  TikB  no  ctaeooea  with 
your  eyes— you  cmnnot  get  along  without  them.  Make 
theca  atronger  vrmj  day  faiatead  of  weaker.  Let  ua  aend 
you  Banmrr  Mad»dden*a  woodeifnl  new  Coonn  fat 
"  Strengtbeafaig  the  Eyea.'*  Bend  do  moiuy^jaat  mrnSk 
oonpon. 

GltMSMBM  Do  Noi  Cure 

Olaaaea  do  not  remore  the  oauae  of  eye  tranUea. 
Inatead,  the  esrea  oome  to  depend  on  them  mora  ersry 
day.  Olaaaea  ktb  eye  cmtohea  i  They  aisaply  IxAater  ap 
the  eyee— th^  do  not  atrencthen  them.  Many  people 
now  wearing  g^aaaea  can  be  need  from  the  fnoooTnii- 
enoe,  expenae  of  oonataat  breakagea,  by  atroigthening 
and  oorreotiiw  thefr  viaion  through  the  afanple,  yet  ef- 
factire  rye  edaaatloaftl  exerolaea  reoommenoed  by  Mr. 
Uacbdden. 

^e  Defecta  Removed 

Thla  remarkable  new  Course  tea<diea  yon  how  to  nam 
your  cyea  without  atrain  at  all  dlatanoea— how  to  reaa- 
edy  croaa  eyea  or  aquint  eyee — how  to  reatore  the  iionnal 
aif^t — how  to  restore  pexfet^  oontrol  to  eye  nerroa 
and  ipnaolfla. 

Beneficial  Resulie  ai  Once 

No  drags,  medlcfaiea  or  onerationa.  Tlie  Cooiae  in- 
olodea  a  ample,  yet  thoroughly  aoimtifle  qntem  of  em 
eduoatiooal  ezerclaea  whidi  strei^then  the  ^rea  tatmcOj 
aa  the  nuuclea  oi  the  body  cui  be  strengthened  throt^h 
body  ezercisas.  Reaulta  are  immediate,  and  improve- 
ment ooottnnea  daily:  One  woman  writea  -  *'  I  notloe  a 
great  fan|»oveatent  in  my  eyes  since  learning  to  me 
them  right."  Another  user  atys,  "  Tour  S^  Strengtii- 
ming  Courae  Is  fine.  Mr  eyes  are  already  tmproTins.** 
Still  another  writea,  *'  Words  oanoot  express  my  great 
gxatitnde  for  these  excellent  hooka.  "(Names  on  request.) 


SEND  NO  MONEY 


the 
ttla 


Let  na  send  yon  this  new  OourM '         ^ 

Kyea  "  on  8  days'  sppioral.  There  are  38  almple 
leeeona  which  will  show  rou  the  war  to  atrenKthan 
and  piueei  vo  yonr  sisht.  T17  the  exennaes.  then  retun 
the  Courae  if  not  aaclafled  and  you  will  owe  notUns. 
If,  howerer,  you  feel  that  the  Coarse  will  help  your 
eyea  wonderfully,  aend  only  91  and  then  SI  s  monfeh 
for  four  montha,  making  $S  in  all.  Thia  prtoe  inclndaa 
a  year*a  aubacrlption  to  Physical  Culture  " 
wlilohal(nata(2. 


Mail  Coupon 


If  yon  Tslns  roar  ens,  if  you  wear  Kisases 
and  want  to  get  rid  of  theoi.  If  yonr  eyea 
are  weak  or  atrained,  or  it  yoo  want  to 
insure  freedom  from  eye  tronblea,  nuiU 
•    ■         ■     «  this 


Ca,.  ■«■•-•. 

11*  w.  «ak  SI, 


coupon  now  and  inreatlKSte  ^ 

New  Courae  "  Strengthmmg  the 

Eyea."   Send  no  money— Eat  ^  GeaUemaa 

mail  oonpon  now.  ^  vour  Coiuae  ••Sirewcita. 

^  ^  ^   etilB2lbcEyes'*wbkhl  win 

Physical      Culture/^    return  105  dan  oc  and  job  li 

PubllShlnC  COi.    /    n>d|»»  month  ihercmftetomUlj 

Dapt.  ^U,  •  •••^    the  couiM,  and  one  ycu'a  Mbacrtp- 
W.  40th  St.,  /  Hon  to ^^ 

N«w  York 
City 


Name. 
Addi«aa... 


Digitized  by 


Google 


19U 


THE  OUTLOOK 


143 


l-_    CAS  BLAST 


^^'"^j^oo       Al 


afA2 


Bfftct  nf  hard  wadding  that  JUt  the  barrel  lotueiy.  Unchecked  by  /rleHon 
or  mvzzte  choke  it  is  bloten  through  the  ttiot  clutter  Mcattering  the  shot 
charge.  Actual  letl  target  221  peileU  out  of  431  or  51%  of  the  ihol 
charge  (lH  ot.  aj  7H  cAi««0  inMe  a  304tuih  circle  al  40  ytU 


004    if 


BI 


off' 


Effect  of  veali  wadding  lorn  to  thredt  by  the  gat  Natl.  The  eeparaU 
jnecee  are  bloicn  into  the  shot  clutter,  scattering  the  pellets  in  all  directions, 
IVith  no  resistance  to  the  explosion,  the  pressure  is  low  and  penetration 
poor.  Actual  test  target  ITS  pellets  out  of  431  or  41%  of  the  shot  chargo 
(in  OS.  of  7M  chUled)  inside  a  30-inch  circle  al  40  yds 


a  LAST 


The  Winchester  system  of  wadding.  The  wadding  expands  evenly,  sealing 
in  the  gas  blast  all  the  way  to  the  mutsle,  where  the  wadding  is  checked 
by  the  **  choke^'  or  constriction.  The  shot  cluster  travels  on  ahead  vn- 
bnken.  Actual  test  target  320  pellelsoul  of  431  or  74%  of  the  shot  charge 
{ly,  01.  of  7H  chUltd)  inside  a  SO^ineh  cireU  at  40  yds 


Effect  of  wadding  construction  on  shot  patterns 

Poor  wadding  responsible  for  more  faulty  patterns  and 
lost  birds  than  all  other  gun  and  shell  troubles  combined 


A  strong;  uniform  shot  pattern  depends  upon  how  perfectly 
the  wadiUHg  in  your  shells  controls  the  nve  ton  gas  blast 
behind  it. 

The  wadding,  like  the  piston  head  of  a  gas  engine,  must 
give  the  explosion  something  solid  to  work  against  so  that  - 
the  shot  may  be^»xA«</out  evenly. 

Itmnst  expand  and  fill  the  tube  of  the  barrel,  completely  seal- 
ing in  the  gas  behind  it.  No  gas  must  escape  to  scatter  the  shot 

It  must  offer  just  the  right  amount  of  resistance  so  as  to 
develop  uniform  pressure  and  high  velocity  without  danger  of 
jamming  the  pellets  out  of  shape  at  the  "  choke  "  or  muzzle 
constriction. 

The  illustrations  at  the  top  of  this  page  show  actual  test 
patterns  as  high  as  59^  faulty,  the  result  of  poor  wadding. 

The  Winchester  system 

Winchester  Wadding  is  the  result  of  repeated  experiments 
to  determine  the  most  ethcient  control  of  the  gas  blast. 

The  special  construction  of  the  Base  Wad  gives  what  is 
known  as  Progressive  Combustion  to  the  powder  charge. 

Combustion  spreads  instantly  through  the  powder  charge. 
By  the  time  the  top  grains  of  powder  become  ignited  the 
/»// energy  of  the  burning  powder  behind  is  at  work.  Though 
the  explosion  is  almost  instantaneous,  it  is  none  the  less 
Progressive,  the  final  energy  and  maximum  velocity  of  the 
completely  burned  powder  being  developed  at  the  muzzle, 
where  it  is  most  needed. 

Meanwhile,  under  the  heat  of  combustion,  the  tough, 
sprinzy  Winchester  Driving  Wad  has  expanded  to  fill  the 
barrel  snu^  all  around.  No  gas  escapes.  It  is  completely 
sealed  in.  The  wadding  ^mxA«j  up  the  shot  evenly. 

At  the  muzzle  the  shot  pellets  slip  out  without  jamming, 
while  the  wadding  is  checked  for  a  brief  interval  by  the 
constriction  of  the  muzzle.  //  follows  some  distance  behind 
the  shot  pattern. 


The  shot  cluster  travels  on  unbroken  by  gas  blast  or  wad- 
ding and  makes  the  hard  hitting,  uniform  pattern  for  which 
Winchester  shot  shells  are  world  famous. 

FUh  TaS  FTaih.  All  Winchester  smokeless  shells  are 
niade  with  the  new  Winchester  Primer — the  quickest  and 
most  powerful  shot  shell  primer  made.  Its  broad  fish  tail 
flash   gives  even   and   thorough   ignition.    Every   grain   of 

f>owder  is  completely  burned   up  before  the  shot  charge 
eaves  the  muzzle. 

Thm  Crimp.  The  required  degree  of  pressure  necessary 
in  seating  the  driving  wads  is  worked  out  in  combination 
with  the  hardness  or  the  softness  of  the  crimping  required 
for  any  particular  shell. 

Watmr-proofing  and  LabrictiHon.  In  the  cold  damp  air 
of  the  marshes,  or  under  the  blazing  sun  at  the  traps,  Win- 
chester shells  will  always  play  true.  Winchester  water- 
proofing process  prevents  them  from  swelling  from  damp- 
ness. Special  lubrication  of  the  paper  fibres  prevents 
brittleness  and  "  splitting"  in  dry  weather. 

Uniform  Shmll:  From  primer  to  crimp,  Winchester  shells 
are  constructed  to  insure  the  maximum  pattern  possible  from 
any  load  and  under  all  conditions.  $100,000  is  spent  annually 
in  the  inspection  and  testing  of  finished  shot  shells.  25,000,000 
rounds  of  ammunition  are  fired  every  year  in  testing  guns 
and  ammunition. 

Clean  hits  and  more  of  them 

To  insure  more  hits  and  cleaner  hits  in  the  field  or  at  the 
traps,  be  sure  your  shells  are  Winchester  Leader  and  Repeater 
for  Smokeless;  Nublack  and  New  Rival  for  Black  Powder. 
Write    for    our    Free    Booklet   on    Shells.     Wioohetter 
Repeating  Arms  Co.,  Dept.  571,  New  Haven,  Coon.,  U.S.  A. 


World  Standard  Can*  and  Ammanition 


144 


THE   OUTLOOK 


25  September 


THE    TRIBUNE    TAKES 

this  means  of  reaching  other 
than  its  own  readers  voith  a 
story  that  has  been  refused  at 
advertising  rates  by  the  New 
York  newspapers  and  billboards. 
This  is  the  story. 

In  the  course  of  a  campaign  against  sedi- 
tious and  disloyal  publications,  undertaken 
at  the  urgent  request  of  the  Government,  The 
Tribune  exix)sed  the  disloyalism  of  the  Hearst 
newspapers  in  a  series  of  articles  entitled, 
"  Coileil  in  the  Flag-Hears-s-s-t." 

\V  IIILE  The  Tribune  was  engaged  in  this 
work  the  newsdealers  of  Greater  New  York 
declared  war  on  the  Hearst  newspajjers,  for 
ecouamic  and  mtriotic  reasons.  All  the  mem- 
bers of  the  New  York  Publishers'  Associa- 
tion, except  The  Triliune,  resolved  to  treat 
this  action  on  the  part  of  the  newsdealei-s  as 
an  illegal  Iwycott,  and  agreed  to  support 
Hearst  by  refusing  to  sell  their  papers  to  any 
•  -  dealer  who  stopped  buying  the  Ilearst  papers. 
This  was  to  say  that  a  newsdealer  who  for 
any  reason  refusetl  to  handle  Ilearst's  Amer- 
ican or  Journal,  or  who  reduced  his  daily 
onlers  for  them,  couFd  buy  no  other  morning 
or  evening  newspaper.  The  Publishers'  Asso- 
ciation was  afraid  that  if  the  newsdealers 
couhl  overthrow  the  influence  of  Hearst  they 
would  be  strong  enough  to  demand  a  general 
retluction  in  the  price  of  papers. 

In  view  of  its  fight  against  the  Hearst 
newspapers  which  had  led  to  their  being 
denounced  by  the  National  Security  League 
aiul  barretl  from  many  commmiities  for  patri- 
otic reasons.  The  Tribune  could  not  stand 
with  Hearst  commercially.  The  Tribune, 
thei-efore,  acting  alone,  announced  that  it 
woidd  sell  to  all  newstlealers  alike,  without 
discrimination,  whether  they  handletl  Hearst 
newspapers  or  not, 

1  HEKEUPON  the  Publishera'As8<K'iation, 
representing  (besides  tlie  Hearst  ne\vsi«i)ers) 
The  World,  The  Times.  The  Sun.  The  Herald, 
The  Staats-Zeitung,  The  Evening  Sun,  The 
Evening  World,  The  Evening  Telegram.  The 
Mail,  The  Globe  and  The  Post,  decreeil  that  the 
circulation  of  TheTribune should  be  restrainetl. 

It  notified  the  American  News  Company 
not  to  deliver  The  Tribime  to  anti-Heai-st 


\ 


newsdealers.  The  American  News  Company 
is  a  monopoly  and  absolutely  controls  the 
distribiition  of  morning  newspaj^ers  in  New 
York.  Acting  on  orders  from  the  Publishers' 
As.sociation,  it  refused  to  deliver  The  Tribime 
to  newsdealers  who  either  cancelled  or  re- 
duced their  orders  for  the  Hearst  newspapers. 

/\T  this  iK)int  The  Tribune  was  expected 
to  choose  between  sacrificing  its  anti-Hearst 
policy  or  losing  control  of  its  circulation. 
The  Tribune  chose  instead  to  fight  it  out. 
The  first  step  was  to  meet  the  newstlealers' 
economic  problem  by  reducing  the  price  of 
papers  from  #1.40  to  #1.20  jjcr  hinidred. 
When  this  was  announced  The  American 
News  Comjiany  refusetl  to  deliver  The 
Tribune  at  all  to  any  newsdealer,  except  at 
the  old  price  of  #1.40  per  huiulre<l.  Having 
attempted  liy  its  monopolistic  jxiwer  to  <]io- 
tate  to  whom  The  Tribune  should  Ihj  sold, 
this  organization  projx)sed  now  to  say  at 
what  price  it  should  be  sold. 

The  tribune  then  procee«led  to  or- 
ganize its  own  delivery  system,  a  thing  so 
difficult  and  costly  to  do  that  no  New  York 
morning  newsjiajjer  has  ever  tried  it  under 
conditions  now  existing. 


M, 


LEANWHILE  Heai-st  has  invoked  the 
aid  of  the  citj'  administration,  through  Mayor 
Hylan.  whom  the  Hearst  impers  pretend  to 
have  elccteil  to  office.  Licenses  of  the  anti- 
Hearst  dealei-s  have  V)een  revoke<l.  There 
have  been  injunction  pnx'eedings  in  the 
c<iurts  and  incipient  riots  in  the  streets,  all 
of  which  the  New  York  newspa})ers  have 
steadily  ignore*!  in  their  news  columns.  The 
newsdealere  are  soliciting  jxjpular  t-ontribu- 
tions  to  a  defen.se  fiuui.  Checks  should  he 
sent  to  Lemuel  Elv  Quigg,  their  counsel,  at 
32  Liberty  Street,  New  York. 

1  HE  Tribime  has  retaine<l  Lindley  M. 
Garrison,  former  Secretary  of  War,  as  s])ei'ial 
counsel  to  seek  the  legal  retlress  to  which  it 
may  be  entitled. 


Nont — Owing  to  the  ttarcity  of  print  paper  ant}  the  rule*  of  ronserraiion  note  being  obsertyfl.  it  is 
impossible  for  The  Tribune  to  exreea  tts  paid  circulation — othtrnise  it  wvuid  undertake  to  give  this 
story  uniimited  circulation  in  Seic  York  from  its  own  press's.  The  same  condition  as  to  paper  limits 
the  distribution  of  pamphlets.  Therefore,  tho$e  who  are  urith  us  in  thix/i<jht  art  rtunrstrd  to  give  this 
poge  further  arcuiation.    Cut  it  out  and  mail  it  to  your  friends  and  ask  them  to  rtmail  it  to  othtrs. 


IVTem  Qork  (Tribune 


Digitized  by 


Googl 


1918 

THE    NEW   BOOKS' 

Thk  DepattniMit  will  iaolade  dasotiptiTe  notm,  with 
or  witbont  brief  commenta,  about  books  reoeired 
hj  The  Outlook.  Mnny  of  the  important  books  will 
u*s  more  estanded  and  oritiaal  treatment  later 


THE   OUTLOOK 


145 


FICTION 

Bjr  Gene  Stratton- 
Doubleday,  Page  &  Co.,  GardetfCity. 


DauKhter  of  tbe  Liand  (A). 


Porter. 
$1.40. 

Mrs.  Stratton- Porter's  new  book  is  rightly 
described  as  "  a  story  of  American  grit." 
Kate  Bates  fights  her  way  against  a  &ther 
who  thinkn  j^nt  a  yoanger  daughter's  duty 
is  to  scrub  Mil  drudge  so  that  the  boys  may 
have  land  fmA  opportunities.  Kate  defies 
him,  runs  Mby,  oecomes  a  teacher,  and 
emphatically^^aoHIes  her  own  canoe.  For 
a  long  time  sh^  develops  the  fighting  power 
at  the  expense  of  feeung,  but  m  the  end 
she  gets  a  broader  view  of  Hfe  and  helpful- 
ness. There  is  more  reality  and  terse  writing 
and  less  exuberant  sentiment  in  this  story 
than  in  some  of  the  writer's  earlier  books. 

Our  Admirable  Betty.  By  Jeffery  Famol. 
Ldttle,  Brown  &  Co.,  Boston.  81.60. 
A  joyous  romance  of  England  in  the 
eighteenth  centwy,  with  villains,  duek, 
highwaymen,  fashionable  gallants,  the  de- 
votion of  an  honest  but  unfashionable  sol- 
dier to  the  charming  and  wilful  Betty,  and 
a  coarse  of  true  love  which  runs  far  from 
smoothly  but  ends  happily. 

Virtuous  Wives.  By  Owen  Johnson.  Little, 
Brown  &  Co.,  Boston.  81JJ0. 
The  deadening  and  dangerous  effect  of 
a  life  of  constant  social  excitement  and 
&shionable  emulation  on  wifely  ideals  and 
character  is  depicted  closely  and,  no  doubt, 
accurately.  Tlie  moral  b  evident^but  one 
feels  that  there  is  unnecessary  elaboration 
of  the  unwholesome  phase  described, 

Zeppelin's  Paasenffer  rrtie).  By  £.  P.  Oppen- 
beim.  Little,  Brown  &  Co.,  Boston.  SI. SO. 
A  German  spy,  dropped  into  a  quiet 
flngHsh  town  from  a  Zeppelin,  practically 
blackmails  the  sister  and  fianc^  of  an 
English  prisoner  in  a  German  camp  into 
treating  nim  with  sometliing  more  than 
tolerance  in  order  that  he  may  secure  the 
prisoner's  release.  One  must  not  take  a  plot- 
story  too  seriously,  but  both  the  ladies  and 
the  author  are  far  too  lenient  to  this  detest- 
able person. 

HDSTORT.  POLITICAL  KCONOHT.  AND  FOLITICB 
Ireland.  A  Study  in  Nationalism.  By  Fnuiais 
Haokett.  B.  W.  Huebaoh,  New  York.  92. 
Open-minded  Americans  will  find  this 
book  by  a  clever  Irishman,  one  of  the  edi- 
tors ot  the  "  New  Republic,"  persuasive 
and  iQuminating ;  even  those  whose  minds 
are  made  up  as  to  the  merits  of  the  Irish 
problem  will  find  much  new  information 
presented  ;  and  the  average  reader  will  be 
attracted  by  the  style,  which  in  brilliant  to 
a  fault  in  a  serious  historical  discussion, 
and  sometimes  leaves  the  reader,  as  in  the 
ease  of  the  writings  of  another  clever  Irish- 
man, Bernard  Snaw,  in  doubt  as  to  jusi 
where  the  author  himself  stands. 

WAR  BOOKS 
B«wirter  at  Armageddon  (A).  By  Will  Irwin. 
O.  Appletm  A  Co.,  New  York.  SI  .SO, 
The  author  as  a  war  correspondent 
is  among  the  best  and  best  known  p{ 
American  writers.  His  opportunities  -have  ' 
been  unusnaL  He  writes  of  affairs  4n 
France,  Switzerland,  and  Italy,  of  warfare 
on  sea  and  on  land,  and  always  he  has  a 
hearty  sympathy  with  the  peoples  of  the 
coantriee  and  places  visited  and  with  the 
war  effort  of  ttie  Allies.  There  are  innu- 
merable touches  of  human  nature  and  hu- 
man experience  aa  well  as  of  humor.  The 
articles  in  their  present  collected  form  de- 
serve and  will  obtain  a  wide  reading.  I 


nm  PMuta 


Thm  Babblaa 


Tiny  Pellets 

of  Com  Hearts  are  Steam  Exploded — 

Puffed  to  Bubbles,  Raindrop  Size — 

To  Make  Com  Puffs 

There  are  toasted  corn  bubbles — called  Corn  Puffs — which  form  the 
finest  of  the  Puffed  Grains,  some  folks  think. 

They  are  airy,  flimsy,  drop-size  globules,  with  a  multiplied  toasted  com 
flavor. 

•   Sweet  pellets  of  hominy  are  sealed  in  huge  guns,  then  subjected  to  fear- 
ful heat.  Then  exploded  to  eight  times  former  size. 

The  object  is  to  blast  every  food  cell,  to  make  digestion  easy.  But  the  result 
is  also  a  food  confection — the  most  delightful  product  ever  made  from  com. 

For  the  War-Time  Milk  Dish 

Coundess  children  nowadays  get  Corn  Puffs  in  their  bowls  of  milk. 

They  are  thin,  crisp,  flavory  morsels,  light  as  air.  And  never  was  a  com 
food  so  fitted  to  digest. 
Between  meals  children  eat  them  dry,  lightly  doused  with  melted  butter. 

Keep  Com  Puffs  wfth  your  other  Puffed  Grains.  It's  a  winsome,  wheat- 
conserving  dainty,  And,iike  all  Puffed  Grains,  the  blasted  food  cells  make 
it  hygienic  food. 


Com       Puffed      Puffed 
Puffs        Rice        Wheat 

All  Bubble  Grains 
Each  15c 


Bxcapt  In 
Far  Wmt 


The  Quaker  Qats  Q>mpaiiy 


Sole  Maker* 


0988) 


Digitized  by  y<JKJKJWlC 


146 


THE  OUTLOOK 


25  Septeeiber 


FINANCIAL    DEPARTMENT 


All  legitimate  questions  from  Outlook  readers  about  investment  securities  will  be  answered  either  by  pononal  letter  or 
in  these  pages.  The  Outlook  cannot,  of  course,  undertake  to  guarantee  against  loss  resulting  fnnn  any  specific  invest- 
ment. Therefore  it  will  not  advise  the  purchase  of  any  specific  security.  But  it  will  give  to  inquirers  &cts  of  record  at 
information  resulting  from  expert  investigation,  leaving  the  responsibility  for  final  decision  to  the  investor.  And  it  will 
admit  to  its  pages  only  those  financial  advertisements  which  after  thorough  expert  scmtiny  are  believed  to  be  worthy  of 
oonfidence.  All  letters  of  inquiry  regarding  investmoit  securities  should  be  addressed  to 

THE  OUTLOOK  FINANCIAL  DEPAKTMENT.  381  Foarth  Avenae.  New  Tock 


A  Personal  Appeal 

Buy  Liberty  Bonds- 
Buy  to  Your  Utmost 

The  duty  of  every  American  citizen  is  plain  —  as  plain  as  the 
duty  of  every  American  soldier. 

The  soldier's  duty  is  to  fight  for  Liberty. 
The  citizen's  duty  is  to  /en^  for  Liberty. 

But  the  time  has  gone  by  for  merely  "doing  one's  bit".  We  must  do  our 
all,  if  the  war  is  to  be  won.  No  true  patriot  can  be  content  with  a  subscrip- 
tion to  the  Fourth  Liberty  Loan  that  is  less  than  the  limit  he  can  afford. 

Buy  Liberty  Bonds  and  buy  to  your  utmost!  The  loan  is  larger  than 
before — the  effort  must  be  greater  than  before — the  obligation  on  each 
and  every  one  of  us  is  greater.  If  you  bought  one  bond  in  previous 
Loans,  buy  two.     If  you  bought  ten,  buy  twenty  now. 

Back  up  our  boys  in  France  with  a  smashing  oversubscription  of  the  Fourth 
Liberty  Loan — an  oversubscription  that  will  wake  the  echoes  in  Berlin. 

Every  dollar  you  subscribe  goes  to  arm  and  equip  and  protect  our 
boys  in  France — to  save  the  lives  of  those  inestimably  dear — to  bring 
them  home  safely. 

Let  your  subscription  measure  up  to  your  patriotism!  Buy  Liberty 
Bonus  and  buy  to  the  utmost! 


President 


SMSTRAUS  ^  CO. 


BMablithed  1882 

NEW  YORK 

ISO  Broadway 


Detroit 

PCMlMCMBUt. 


MlNNBAPOUS 
Locb  Aiode  BMl. 


Incorporated 

CHICAGO 

Straus  Building 
San  FnANasco  PHiLADBtJ>iaA 

Cncker  Bide  Stock  Excbuifc  BMi: 


Digitized  by 


Goo 


6 


i\^ 


1918 


THE  OUTLOOK 


147 


WAR    LOANS 

TTTTHEN  the  ina?nitade  of  this  war 
%  1  /    first  bore  iteieii  in  upon  our  con- 

W  scioasness,  the  ahnost  oniverBal 
opinion  was  that  it  must  come  to 
a  speedy  dose,  if  for  no  other  reason  than 
tbe  pronibitiTe  cost.  As  each  season  rolled 
•roand  it  seemed  as  if  the  limit  of  the  bel- 
ligerent nations'  ability  to  finance  them- 
a^ves  had  been  reached ;  but  they  con- 
tinned  to  float  successfijly  larger  and 
larger  loans  nntil  the  total,  as  recently  esti- 
mated, has  reached  the  neighborhood  of 
seventy  billions  of  dollars.  This  figure  is 
exdosiTe  of  some  three-quarters  of  a  bill- 
ion borrowed  by  Switzerhind,  Holland,  and 
Spain,  principally  for  mobilization  ex- 
penses, and  covers  only  the  internal  loans 
of  the  various  countries. 

As  might  be  supposed,  Grermany,  Aus- 
tria, and  Hnngaty  nead  the  list  widi  ap- 
proximatdy  twenty-nine  billions,  while 
Great  Britain  and  her  colonies  take  second 
place  with  a  little  over  fifteen  biUione,  and 
the  United  States  third  with  $10,220,990,- 
560.  France  and  Russia  have  each  raised 
in  this  way  over  six  billions,  and  Italy 
about  two  and  one-half  billions. 

Great  Britain  has  brought  out  the  largest 
single  war  loan  to  date,  that  of  February, 
1917,  for  $4,811,000,000 ;  but  tbe  United 
States  is  about  to  overshadow  this  total 
with  an  offering  of  six  billions  for  subecrip- 
taon.  These  two  countries  are  alone  in  insti- 
tnting  intensive  campaign  for  the  purpose 
of  wstributing  loans  among  numerous 
small  investors.  This  method  has  been 
highly  successful,  and  follows  sound  finan- 
cial hnes,  for  the  burden  is  thus  lifted  from 
the  banks,  enabling  them  to  loan  to  indi- 
vidnaJs  on  war  bonds  as  collateral,  instead 
of  purchasing  for  their  own  account  These 
loMis  are  callable  in  whole  or  in  part, 
which  makes  for  the  ultimate  liquidation 
of  the  obligation  out  of  income,  and  to  that 
extent  is  conducive  to  saving.  A  stronger 
economic  position  results. 

Althougn  our  Liberty  loans  have  in- 
creased from  two  to  three  and  four  billions, 
each  one  in  itself  a  record,  with  seeming 
ease,  the  task  upon  which  we  embark  on 
September  28  is  little  short  of  colossaL 
For  its  successful  culmination  the  co-opera- 
tion of  every  one  will  be  needed.  It  is 
incumbent  upon  us  to  buy  aU  we  can  with 
cash  and  with  the  use  of  our  individual 
credit,  afterward  seeing  that  the  obligations 
thus  incurred  are  Uquidated  bv  the  results 
of  small  self-denials,  which  will  appear  as 
nothing  when  considered  in  the  light  of 
contributions,  however  small,  to  the  cause 
of  civilization. 

QUESTIONS  AND  ANSWERS 

Q.  IhaTeaboatySjTOOtoiiiTest.  Do  yon  consider 
tbe  following  iaenee  fint  clan  and  conaerratiTe  ? 
Chicago,  Milwaukee,  and  St.  Paul  geneml  and 

refuDoiiiK  mortgage  4H  per  cent  bonds. 
Seaboard  Air  Line  fint  and  consolidated  6  per 

cent  bonds. 
Central  Aisientine  Railway  6  per  cent  convertible 

gold  notes. 
Pere  Marquette  Railway  first   mortgage   series 

"  B '°  4  per  cent  gold  bands. 
Gas  yoa  toggest  any  others  ? 

A.  All  the  bonds  which  you  mention  are, 
in  oar  judgment,  safe  and  conservative  and 
suitable  for  tbe  general  requirements  of 
the  individual  investor. 

Ton  are  without  question  using  good 
iudgment  in  selecting  for  the  most  part 
UMiff-term  investments.  Simply  as  a  matter 
of  diversification,  it  might  be  worth  your 
while  to  consider  investmg  a  part  of  your 
funds  in  some  of  the  short-time  industrial 
issues,  offered,  as  you  probably  know,  at 


^^O 


^^^^''^^^^^^" 


They're  going  over  there  on 

"A.B.A."  3?r£  Cheques 


On  what  kind  of  funds  are  you  going  over  there  to  engage 
in  works  of  mercy  or  to  perform  sterner  acts  of  duty?  Are 
you  going  to  travel  on  funds  that  are  safe  and  convenient? 
"A.B.A"  Cheques  are  safe  because  those  you  purchase  are 
usable  only  after  you  have  countersigned  them.  They  are 
conuenienf  because  of  just  the  right  denominations  ($10,  $20, 
$50,  and  $100),  compactly  arranged  in  a  neat  little  pocket 
case  and  good  for  payment  of  purchases  and  services  in  all 
Allied  and  neutral  countries. 

Thousands  of  men  and  women  embarking  in  war  work  have 
supplied  themselves  with  this  "safest,  handiest  travel  money." 
Elntire  units  of  nurses  have  been  equipped  with  "A.B.A" 
Cheques,  before  sailing.  You  can  conserve  your  time  and 
spare  yourself  many  annoyances  by  getting  a  supply  of  these 
Cheques  at  your  bank. 

//  your  bank  does  not  sell  them,  apply  to 

Bankers  Trust  Company 

NEW  YORK 


^n.Wfl 


.TW50^' 


•^3! 


NOT  ONE  DOLLAR  LOST 

ON  A 

DANFORTH  FARM  MORTGAGE 

I?(    SIXTY    YEARS 

No  Innrtor  ha*  erar  f  oreclond  a  Martemge,  tak«o  a  toot 

oi  butd  or  lost  a  doUarou  a  Danlorth  Partn  Mortgage. 

For  further  Information  regardinfc  our  Farm  Loans  and 

Bonda  write  for  Booklet  and  luTeatora'  List  No.  U. 

AGDanforth-£(b 


BANKERS 
WASHINGTON 


Founded  A«D.  II 

ILLINOIS 


THE  MONEY  THAT  YOU  INVEST 
IN  STRAUS  FARM  MORTGAGES 

Is  in  practically  erery  instance  used  for  improre- 
ments  to  increase  farm  production  and  contribute 
more  to  winning  the  war.  Safety  is  assured  by  ex- 
oepCional  aecurity— improved.  prodnctlTe  farms  In 
only  best  sections  of  three  m  richest  agTicnltural 
States,  Ohio,  Indiana,  and  IlUnols ;  by  leKal  Kuar^ 
antee  of  principal  and  Interest  at  »'i,  i  and  by 
record  of  nearly  sixty  years  without  loas. 

Write  tor  Special  BoUetin  and  Booklet  04. 

THE  STRAUS  BROTHERS  COMPANY 

^^      tmWitii  186BL-CnilJ  at  »■»>■  t3.<IO«l«00 
UOONIEI.        MDIANA 


Coosiderlnir    income,    Iftlety,   mnd 

o[^Kn\inixy    for    patriotic    lervfcc. 

Straus  FArm  Mor^^ffcs  are  hlfrhly 

drtinble  wmr  time InvevtiDeDti 


m 


IOWA 
SECURITIES 

On  Part  Payment  Plan 

Denomiiialioa 
9100  —  $500  —  $1000 

We  hne  tamied  two  books  of  unusual 
interest  to  those  who  an  seekinx  invest- 
ments that  combine 

Certainly  of  Income 
Safety  of  Principal 
Ea$m  of  MaiketabUity 

Ask  for  loura  Inrftlmmti  No.  l!>2f>  and  A 
Sa  ft  tray  to  Save  No.  J.'i^fi  and  learn  how 
tmty  it  is  to  own  an  Iowa  Municipal  Bond, 
Iowa  First  Farm  Mortgage  or  Iowa  First  Farm 
Mortgage  Bond. 

Bankers  Mwtgage  Company 

Csvital  $2,000,000 
DmMouim        Iowa 


Digitized  by  VJWVJV  IV^ 


148 


THE   OUTLOOK 


25  September 


iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiuiiii^^^^^^^^^ 


McCutcheon's 

Fancy  Table  Linens 


Itidian  NmmJlepoint  on  Craam 
Haitdwooen  Linmn.  Set  of 
hinnty  -  Hoe  pieeea  coiuiet- 
ing  of  20-inch  Centerpiece 
and  two  eixea  of  plate  Doilime 


$48.50 


From  France,  Italy,  Ireland,  Spain,  Madeira  and 
Fayal  Islands,  also  India,  China  and  Japan,  we 
have  collected  an  assortment  of  Fancy  Linens, 
distinctive  in  character  and  many  of  which  are 
moderate  in  price. 

Luncheon  Sets — round,  square,  oval  and  oblong  in  many 
styles  of  Embroidery  and  Lace.    Twenty-five  pieces  to  a  set. 

$10.50  to  175.00  per  set. 

Mosaic    and  Italian  Cut-work  Tea  Cloths.     One  to  one 

and  a  half  yards  square.  $7.50  to  55.00. 

Tea  Napkins — plain  and  fancy  in  a  large  and  attractive  variety. 

$5.00  to  67.50  per  dozen. 

Lace  Luncheon  and  Dinner  Cloths  in  a  number  of  exquisite 
designs.     These  Cloths  are  made  in  round  and  oblong  shapes. 

$57.50  to  350.00. 

Scarfs  of  every  size  and  description.  Lace-trimmed,  Em- 
broidered, Italian  Needlepoint,  Mosaic,  Sicilian,  etc., 

from  $2.00  to  150.00  each. 

Tray  Cloths — oval  and  oblong,  in  many  styles  of  Embroidery 
and  Lace. 

Estimates  and  drawings  submitted  for  the  embroidering  of 
monograms,  crests,  etc.  Linens  to  be  embroidered  for  the  Holi- 
days should  be  ordered  now. 


Our  illustrated  Fall  and  Winter  Catalogue  showing  many 

other  attractive  Household  Linens  mailed 

gladly  on  request. 


i  James  McCutcheon  &  Go 

I  Fifth  Avenue,  34th  &  33d  Sts.,  N.  Y 

llElIlllilliillliMllililiili^ 


Reg.  Tiadt-Mark 


m 


«r  "tl  r  ■        In  every  line  of  bouMbokt,  educmtioiwL  biuinew,  or  pemual  aervice— dome«tlc  w 

T  AIIIT    W  AllTft   »*"T!?*  S"**"*"  "'wF'SfSS'??^  ■'!™?.i;4**^'  etc.-whather  you  require  he! 
1  UUI      TT  CUllO   R  altUfttiotL  may  be  filled  through  a  little  umounoement  in  the  clovifled  dolnmna  of  The 
Outlook.  If  you  have  ■ome  article  to  seU  or  exchange,  these  oolumna  mav  prove  of  real  value 
to  you  aa  they  have  to  maay  otherm.  Send  for  deacriptive  circular  and  order  blank  AND  FILL  YOUR  WAJfTS.  AddraH 
I>epartinent  of  Clasalfled  Advertlalnff,  TUK  OUTLOOK.  381  Fourth  Avenue.  New  York 


^  workers,  teachers, 
help  or  are  seeking 
"*  oolnmna  of  The 


■••  gi_rn_i     H  S^^'*   Food*  Mora   Farm  li^fim  | 

FIkKJ  ■  "«™'"*  ***  \\nc%,  American  farms  are  the  I 
im*#l  ■  focxl  foctories  of  Ihe  world.  Loan  your  J 
p4|Wa«  ■  dollar!  to  lubricate  the  "  whceJi  ■*  uf  | 
rAKPl      ■  Aericulture.   An  hivestment  in  our  Farm  1 

" .  __m   Mortcajtes   and    Real     Hstate    Bonda    Is 

WKIUtfkl  patriotic.  profiUblr.nnd^afc    Wnteloilay| 
riUIUViKjH  for  Pamphlet  "  S  '  and  current  otTerlnifS.  I 
^  Amounts  to  fuit.    L  J,  Lasiv  <  Cs.,  Brsari  I 
■~^"  1.1.   Cnftta/  an.f Surfiius^OOfiOo\ 


% 


BONDS  ISSUED  BY 

CITIES  OF  CAUFORNIA 


OATLAIII)  S 


(Jl      tat  Ike  laproTOMrt  af  Stracti 

iTugrntnqTXMXRTBom)  co. 


Write  for  Circalar  OS 
and  Prit, 


OR,  Oaklaad.  CaUf . 


J; 


Quatioiu  and  Atuwert  (Continued) 
prices  to  yield  from  1  Uil%  per  cent.  We 
refer  particularly  to  Bethlehem  Steel  7s, 
Armour  Gs,  Proctor  &  Gamble  78,  Amal- 
gamated Sn?ar  7s,  Duquesne  Light  Gs,  and 
American  Cotton  Oil  (s. 

Q.  Pleaae  answer  in  The  Ontlook  :  Do  jrou  con- 
sider Cities  Serrioe  Preferred  a  good  boj  at  present 
price  ?  How  do  70a  oonaider  the  stock  as  to  intrin- 
sic value  ? 

A.  We  consider  Cities  Service  Preferred 
one  of  the  best  of  the  public  utility  pre- 
ferre<I  stocks.  The  dividend  is  now  being 
earned  four  times  over. 

Whether  tlie  stock  is  a  good  buy  at  the 
present  price  is  a  question  which  depends 
very  largely  on  the  attitude  of  the  Govern- 
ment towards  public  utilities,  the  attitude 
of  the  public  and  the  State  utility  corarnis- 
sions,  as  well  as  on  all  tlie  innumerable 
factors  related  to  the  world  of  finance 
present  and  future. 

As  an  investment,  we  consider  this  stock 
a  good  purchase  at  tlie  present  price. 

Q,  Will  jron  kindly  tell  rae  what  yoii  know  and 
think  of  American  Telephone  seveu-year  6a  as  s 
safe  and  sound  purchase  at  present  prices — about 
94, 1  am  told. 

A.  The  American  Telephone  and  Tele- 
graph Company  seven-year  6  per  cent  bonds 
are,  in  our  judgment,  a  safe  and  conser^-a- 
tive  investment  as  well  as  an  attractive 
purchase  at  the  issue  price,  94  and  interest. 

The  convertible  privilege  adds  an  attrac- 
tive speculative  feature  to  the  bonds.  The 
terms  of  convertibility  give  the  holder  an 
option  on  the  stock  of  tliis  company  at  106 
per  cent  between  1920  and  192o. 

Do  you  regard  Bethleheni  Steel  8  per  cent 
(erred    as    sate   as  American    Locomotive    or 

Steel  Car  ? 

I  have  some  investments  in  the  latter  t^ro  and 
had  iu  mind  to  tnr  the  former,  if  not  thoagiit  by 
my  business  friends  to  be  risky.  I  should  be  gieatlj 
obliged  to  you  for  an  opinion. 

A.  We  regard  Bethlehem  Steel  8  per 
cent  preferre<l  as  being  practically  assured 
of  the  continuance  of  uie  present  dividend. 
The  company  is  in  strong  financial  condi- 
tion and  IS  carrying  on  work  which  is  in- 
dispensable to  tne  prosecution  of  the  war. 
The  management  is  pursuing  a.  conserva- 
tive and  foresighted  policy  looking  toward 
the  continuance  of  the  compuiy's  prosper- 
ity after  the  war  is  over.  To  our  mmJ, 
BeUilehem  Steel  8  per  cent  preferred  de- 
serves a  higher  rating  than  American 
Locomotive  preferred  or  Pressed  Steel  Car 
preferred. 

(^.  In  a  recent  issue  yon  spoke  of  the  Inter- 
nauonal  Paper  Company  stock  as  desiT&ble  at  this 
time.  Do  you  consider  it  safe  enough  for  a  person  U 
moderate  means? 

A.  We  did  not  intend,  in  mentioning 
International  Paper  Company  preferred,  to 
imply  that  we  considerad  it  an  entirely 
conservative  investment  for  a  person  in 
your  circumstances.  Whether  one  of  mod- 
erate means  ought  to  buy  such  a  stork 
depends  upon  whether  he  can  afford  to  take 
some  risk,  and  whether  he  would  suffer 
materiallv  if  the  dividends  were  to  be  dis- 
continued. 

If  you  will  examine  carefully  the  article 
in_  which  you  saw  the  stock  mentioned,  yon 
will  find  tiiat  we  were  comparing  it  with 
some  very  low-grade  bonds  which,  after 
all,  although  they  are  called  "  bonds,"  are 
not  by  reason  of  that  fact  entirely  safe 
from  an  investment  standpoint. 

In  our  opinion  there  can  be  UtUe  ques- 
tion about  the  continuance  of  the  present 
dividend  of  6  per  cent  on  the  preferred 
stock  of  the  International  Paper  Companv, 
this  in  spite  of  the  fact  that  recent  earnings 
have  not  come  up  to  expectations. 

Digitized  by  VJ^^^^V  iC 


1918 


THE   OUTLOOK 


149 


THE   LORD'S   INTENTIONS 

1  was  struck  with  the  incident  related  by 
John  Van  Ess  of  a  visit  by  an  American 
to  a  school  up  the  Tigris,  where  he  found 
the  teacher  instructing  the  scholars  some- 
thing about  the  New  World.  The  teacher 
requested  the  American  to  tell  them  some- 
thing about  his  home  land.  The  American, 
pointing  on  the  map  to  the  Isthmus  of 
Panama,  told  of  the  project  of  uniting 
two  continents  ;  after  wluch  the  teacher 
stepped  forward  and  said :  "  This  teaches 
UB  now  we  are  privileged  to  live  in  a  land 
where  Allah  is  known  and  feared.  Over 
there  they  purpose  to  cross  Allah's  path  by 
making  water  to  flow  where  he  made  land. ' 

How  like  an  incident  which  happened 
right  here  in  Maryland !  I  was  born 
and  raised  in  western  Maryland,,  where 
the  Dunkards  are  largely  dominant  as 
farmers.  These  Dun^ros  are  opposed 
to  war,  do  not  go  to  law,  and  accept 
the  Bible  literally.  When  the  project  of 
building  the  Chesapeake  and  Onio  Canal 
was  started,  there  was  little  trouble  in  secur- 
ing the  right  of  way  until  the  conunittee 
struck  the  Dunkard  settlement  in  Wash- 
ington County,  Maryland.  Those  old, 
bearded  men  (liiey  never  shave)  were  ob- 
stinate ;  "  If  the  Liord  intended  water  to  be 
there,  he  would  have  put  it  there."  Long 
months  were  spent  in  trying  to  bring  these 
simple-mindea  people  around  to  appreciate 
the  value  to  then-  land  and  the  commercial 
value  of  the  enterprise.  Finally,  in  one  last 
effort,  the  committee  called  a  meeting  of 
the  landowners,  when  ui^ent  appeals  were 
made  to  agree  to  the  right  of  way.  One 
after  another  met  the  appeal  by  saying, 
"  If  the  Lord  intended  water  to  be  tliere,  he 
would  have  put  it  there."  The  case  was 
almost  hopeless,  when  fin'ally  one  old,  long- 
bearded  elder  rose  and  said,  "  And  Isaac's 
servants  dig-ged  a  well,"  and  sat  down. 
That  was  a  knockout  for  the  literalists. 
The  right  of  way  was  granted  and  the  canal 
was  "  &g-ged."  John  R.  King. 

Bakimore,  Maryland. 


A   WAR   INCIDENT 

Tlie  writer,  a  young  lieutenant  in  the 
United  States  Air  Service,  after  being 
foiumissioned  and  sent  abroad,  was  given 
s|>ecial  training  in  England  as  a  "  fignting 
scout "  and  assigned  for  active  service  to  a 
squadron  of  the  Royal  Air  Force  on  the 
I*  rench  sector  of  the  front.  He  has  been 
entirely  in  English  camps  and  with  Eng- 
lish associates.  Previous  letters  told  of 
flights  into  Germany  escorting  bombing 
planes,  but  this,  written  to  his  mother,  re- 
lates an  unusual  incident,  one  of  the  many 
that  are  combining  to  build  a  bridge  of 
brotherhood  between  the  nations: 

"  You  will  remember  that  I  took  my 
violin  with  me  when  I  left  home.  I  have 
kept  it  in  my  trunk,  where  it  is  safe  and 
Bonnd,  and  I  think  I  have  had  it  out  only 
three  times.  You  know  I  believe  there  are 
but  very  tew  times  when  one  camiot  be 
happy,  or  at  least  contented  -with  one's  lot 
if  one  can  nuike  up  his  mind  to  it  and  look 
at  the  cheerful  side  of  things,  for,  as  the  old 
saying  goes,  'There  is  a  silver  lining  to 
every  croud,'  if  one  will  but  see  it.  iSome- 
times  it  takes  a  lot  of  hunting  to  find  it 

"  At  such  a  time  I  have  played  my  violin 
to  myself  and  found  comfort  in  running 
over  Uie  old,  sweet  airs,  many  of  which  I 
can  remember.  The  last  time  I  did  it  was 
at  this  c«mp  and  not  very  long  ago.  Dark- 
ness was  just  coming  on  as  I  started  to  put 


HCSi 


Cleanliness 

Sets  the  Pace  for 

Efficiency 

CLEAN,  modem  and  sanitary  fac- 
tory conditions  should  be^in  at  the 
•washrooms.  Enthusiasm,  ^ood  will, 
greater  productivity,  lower  operating 
cost,  increased  profits  result  when  the 
standard  of  modem  equipment  throu^ont  the  factory  is  on  a  par  with 

*'j$iiittda»4r  Plumbing  Fixtures 


The  ^ood  health  of  yoar  employes,  mental 
OS  well  as  physical,  is  as  important  to  your 
piant  as  the  "tnned-np"  ronninA  order  of 
your  machinery.  In  the  washrooms  of 
huAe  plants  and  offices  in  almost  every 
field  of  manufacture  and  business,,  Sam- 
tary  Plumbing  Fixtoros  are  demonstrat- 
ing this  daily.  The  same  applies  to  the 
housing  conditions  surrounding  employes. 


Oar  book,  "Factory  Sanitation,"  will  ^va 
you  a  very  comprehensive  idea  of  modem 
plumbing  equipment  for  factories.  One 
of  our  service  men  will  be  ^d  to  ^ve 
yon  some  very  definite  infbrmation  and  to 
help  with  the  preliminary  plans  for  your 
equipmeat.  -  write -for.  the  |bopk  and  send 
for  a  service  man.  See  'StBttdsnT  Fiztoies 
at  any  of  the  showrooms  in  the  list  below. 


Standard  <$attttai!9  IPI^.  Co: 

Makers  of  ^tMutaMT  PlnmUni  Ffactnres 

Pittsbttr^ 


NCWVOSK saw.  IIST 

NEW  YOIK  (IX.  OCPT.) . . . .  tOSMOAO 


■OSTON.. 
PHILADCLPHIA.. 

WASHINQTON 

PITTSBUROH.... 
PITTUUWM... 


. .  I  as  OCVON8HIK 

1215  WALNUT 

.SOUTHOIM  BLOa. 
.  4I«.44«  WATtS 
1 0S  MXTM 


CHtCAOO 1«.(0  N.  PSORU 

ST,  LOUS S10N.  SCOONO 

E.  IT.  LOUS.. ISOOtUNSVILlI Ave. 
CLEVELAND «40«  SUCUO 


CINCINNATI 

TOLEDO 

COLUMBUS 

CANTON 1  1 

YOUNOSrOWtt  .. 

WHEELHta 

IHE , 

ALTOONA 

MILWAUKEE. . . . 
SAN  rSANOSCO. 
LOS  ANSCiaS.. 
LOUSVILLC 


SISWALNUT 

SII-ISI  EKW 

..a4S-2SB  S.  THIRD 
OS  SECOND  IT.  N.E. 
...451  W.  FEDCPAL 
....StXO- to  JACOB 
...tXSW.  TWELFTH 

SIS  I1TH 

..•S  W.  WATER  ST. 
,..  14S.SI  M.UXOME 

S7I   MESQUrr 

new.  MAIN 


NASHVNXS SISTtNTH  AVt.  8. 

NEWOSLIANS S4«  BAHOHNE 

HOUSTON miSTONASWTM 

DALLAS laOO-ISOS  JACKSON 

SANANTOMW 212  LOSOYA 

rT.  WORTH B21-II0  MONROE 

KANSAS  CITY KOOE  ARCAOE 

TORONTO.  CAN BS  E.  RICHMOND 

HAMILTON.  CAN 20  W.  JACKSON 

DETROIT  OFFICE...  HAMMOND  BLOS. 
CHK»00  OFFICE KAflPEN  SUM. 


away  my  violin,  when  my  door  opened 
slowly  and  I  made  out  a  figure  hesitating 
on  the  threshold.  It  proved  to  be  one  of 
the  mechanics,  and  as  ne  grasped  my  band 
he  begged  me,  with  consiaerable  feeling  in 
his  voice,  not  to  be  angry  with  him  for  pre- 
suming to  speak  to  an  officer  and  interrupt 
him.  He  said  he  had  been  passing  outsiae 
when  he  heard  the  notes  of  a  violin  and  the 
old  songs  of  his  boyhood  days.  He  rambled 
on  and  on,  telling  me  of  his  old  home  in 
Wales,  the  people  he  used  to  know,  and 
about  his  fatner  and  mother.  He  used  to 
work  the  bellows  of  the  church  organ,  and 
so  had  acquired  an  ear  for  music.  Some 
famous  violinist  once  played  in  the  village 
and  made  a  deep  impression  on  him. 

"He  said  he  Knew  my  name  was , 

tliough  I  never  remember  having  seen  him 
before,  and  that  it  was  an  old  Welsh  name. 


He  wished  that  I  could  visit  his  home  town, 
and  assured  me  of  a  warm  welcome  if  I 
would  come  after  the  war.  He  said  he  was 
going  to  write  home  to-morrow  about  the 
American  who  could  make  a  fiddle  talk  and 
sing.  '  God  Save  the  King '  had  eswcially 
impressed  him,  but  I  had  been  thinJiiug  of 
'  America '  when  I  played  those  notes. 
Then  he  suddenly  became  self-conscious 
and  embarrassed,  and  backed  out  of  the 
door,  bowing  and  begging  forgiveness  fur 
the  interruption. 

"  It  was  a  strange  occurrence.  His  def- 
erence to  me  as  an  oflioer  was  because  in 
the  English  army  there  is  a  wide  difference 
between  an  enlisted  man  and  a  commis- 
sioned officer.  The  gap  is  great,  not  only 
because  of  rank,  but  also  of  class  distinc- 
tion, and  before  the  war  was  very  much 
greater  than  at  present.'*'-^ ^^      ^. 


Digitized  by  ^OOQIC 


150 


THE   OUTLOOK 


25  September 


THE  OUTLOOK  CLASSIFIED  ADVERTISING  SECTION 

Advertising  rates :  Hotels  and  Resorts,  Apartments,  Toara  and  TisTel,  Real  Estate,  LdTe  Stook  and  Ponltry,  fifty  cents  per  agate  line, 
four  oolnmns  to  the  page.  Not  less  than  {oar  lines  accepted.  In  oaloolating^  space  required  for  an  advertisenient,  count  an  areiage  of  six  words  to  the 
line  nnless  display  type  is  desired. 

"  Want "  advertisements,  nnder  the  various  headings,  "  Board  and  Rooms,"  "  Help  Wanted,"  etc.,  ten  cents  for  each  word  or  initial,  tnolndinic 
the  address,  for  each  insertion.  The  fint  word  of  each  "  Want"  advertisement  is  set  in  capital  letters  without  additional  charge.  Other  words 
may  be  set  in  capitals,  if  desired,  at  double  rates.  If  answers  are  to  be  addressed  in  care  of  The  Outlook,  twenty-five  cents  is  charged  for  the  box 
number  named  in  the  advertisement.  Replies  will  be  forwarded  by  us  to  the  advertiser  and  bill  for  postage  r^dered.  Special  headings  appropriate  to 
the  department  may  be  arranged  for  on  application. 

Orders  and  copy  for  Classified  Advertisements  must  be  leoeived  with  remittanoe  ten  days  before  the  date  of  iasue  when  it  is  intended  the  adT«itiae- 
ment  shall  first  appear. 

Address:  AUVERTBINQ  DEPARTMENT,  THE  OUTLOOK,  381  FOURTH  AVENUE,  NEW  YORK  CITT 


Hotels  and  Resorts        Hotels  and  Resorts 


OONNEOTIOUT 


The  Wayside   Inn 

New  miford,  I.ltehfleld  Co..  Conn. 

InthsIoothUtooftheBarkshiras.  Openanthe 
'Mr.  An  ideal  plsoe  (or  yoor  ■ommer's  rest. 
houzB  from  New  York.  Write  for  booklet. 
Mrs.  J.  E.  CASTLiE,  Proprietor. 


?' 


MASSACHUSETTS 


If  Tm  Are  Tired  or  Not  Feeliag  WeU 

yon  cannot  find  a  more  comfortable  plaoe  in 

New  KnghHid  than 

THE  WELDON  HOTEL 

OBKENFIEI.D.  MASS. 

It  sflords  all  the  comforts  of  boms  without 

axtiaTaganae. 


NEW    YORK 


GOIiDTHWAITE  INN  an^ 


[\^W^ 


I.. 

-    Ideal  

, October,  and  Novem- 

OoU,  tcnnla,  nilUig,  bathing,  motoring. 


Philipse  Manor  Inn 

Directly  on  the  Hudson  River,  at 
Philipse  Manor,  North  Tarrytown 

View  unsoriMMaed— antamn  moat  attnuitlre 
season  of  all  Hotorinc,  tramninir— eair  oom- 
mottna.  Fall  and  winter  ratca  by  day 
•^    ■      \  Tarrytown  176. 


.  Fail  and  winter  Tatea  by  day  or  weelt. 
TeiBplMaa, "       '        "~ 


NEW   YORK  CITY 


Hotel  Le  Marquis 


31at  StTMt  A  Fifth 

Naw  Yoric 


•Tsrjr  odtTnteooa    and    homt 

oomf<Mrt,  and  oommuKU  rmK  to  peop)«  of 
n&ammat  wiahhic  to  Uta  od  AiD«no»a  Pfam 
■od  be  witUn  easy  nnoh  o<  aociftl  and  dnh 
mfttio  oantora. 

Room  and  batb  94JM  per  day  with  me^ti,  or 
fl50  per  day  witlioat  meala. 

lUuetratod  Booklet  Kkdlj  eant  upon 
roQueet.  JOHN  P.  TOLBONT 


STOP  AT 

HOTEL  BOSSERT 

on  aristooiBtic  Brooklyn  Heishta 
and  eojoy  the  advaatacet  of 

THE  MARINE  ROOF 

the  meat  famous  roof  in  America.  Dine  MO 
feet  in  the  air.  with  a  paoognwhic  view  of 
Haw  Tork  Banor  atretohinK  before  you  tor 
a  diitanna  of  10  mllca.  Dandnar  If  you  Ilka. 

Write  for  booklet  b! 
■•atatw.  Wcfa.  aad  RtmM  Stnala.  Bn»klyB 


NEW    YORK    CITY 


The  Margaret  Louisa 

of  the  Y.  W.  O.  A. 
14  East  16th  St,  Naw  York 
A    homsUke    hotel    lor    aeltaniiportinc 
woman.  Binsle  rooms  (1.00  per  night.  Doa- 
ble rooms  (2  beds)  (1.40  per  night.    Restan- 
nnt  open  to  all  woman.  Hand  for  eimalar. 


HOTEL  JUDSON  '^^iSllSr 

adioining  Judaon  Memorial  Church.   Booma 


wiUi and witliout Jbath.  Bates  |ajOp« day, 


^  Special  ratal  for  two 

or  more.  Location  vary  oantnl.  Cionvsnlanc 
to  all  elencad  and  atreat  car  linaa. 


SOUTH    OAROLIMA 

PINE  RIDGE  CAMP  ^l^g.*'- 


Ideal  for  outdoor  life  tai  whiter.  HAbooae 
Ceitlfl^  otty  water. 


and  taidlTldasI 

Northein  cook__.   . 

Htaa  OBOR&IA  B.  CROCKER  or 
Uisa  MART  E.  SANBORN,  Aiken,  S.  C 


WISCONSIN 


t£ita>Ht*ttt  Itn 


^    FhHl  Balk  BmiI  aaJ  S 
r    MA..  ■  lOO^m  sirt.  Hiigili  ram.  YiMA 


Health  Resorts 


LINDEN l^t  MmI  rtaca  lar  Skk 
y*.   ■"-    .  P^elttaClWall 

DerlMtawB,  ra.  lAn  bistltation  daToted  to 
the  peraonal  atadT  and  apecialiiad  traat- 
mant  of  the  inTalid.  Maamga,  Klectricity. 
Hydratbenuiy.  Apply  for  droular  to 
BoincT  itnTiiicoTT  WAuns.  M.D. 
(late  of  The  Walter  Banltanam) 


Crest  View  Sanatorium 

Greenwich,  Ct.  FiratKslaaiinaUnapacta, 
homa  oomtoita.       H.  M.  HncHoocK,  H.D. 

Dr.  Reeves'  Sanitariam 

A  Private  Homa  for  chronic  narToua,  and 
'  iljpatianta.  AlaoeUerlT  people  reqairing 
IfmlatB.BeeTaa.M.DMMah'oaa.liaaa. 


"INTERPINES»' 

Beautiful,  auiet,  raatful  and  homelike.  Orer 
W  yaera  ofauooeasful  work.  Thorougii,  re- 
llaue,  dependable  and  ethical.  Krary  oom- 
Coit  and  conrenienoe.  Accommodationa  ot 
superior  quality.  Diaorderof  thenervouasya. 
tarn  aapecialty.  Fred.  W.  Seward,  Sr..  M.D., 
Fred.  wTSaward,  Jr.,  H.D.,  Ooabeo.  N.  T. 


Real  Estate 


OONNEOTIOUT 

FOR  SALE— 64  ACRES 

Some  oultirating :  haa  naw  foUT'Kiom  bungs, 
low,  Teiands  on  front  and  aide;  bam  with 
•aran  atanohiooa,  two  hen^ionaea ;  all  build- 
inga  naw.  Spring  water;  tOO  feet  eleration ; 
a^aotlTe  view.  B  minutes*  walk  from  Wood- 
bury trolley.  Price  KJM),_11,400  cash. 

i.  I.  CASSmivWoodbary,  Conn. 


rkORlOA 


FOR  RENT  OR  SALE 

Avoid  your  coal  UU !  i  oompletely  fni^ 
niahad  modem  oottagea  (8  and  4  rooma),  1600 
(or  tM0-|190  eachKNear  Bookladge.  Month 
free  if  aacurad  before  November. 

Blair,  Cocoa,  Florida.  BoxU. 


NEW    YORK 


FOR  SAXK 

Camp  Gahada,  an  estab- 
lished Camp  for  Boys 

Adirondack  Mta.  near  Corinth,  K.  T.  laiga, 
tttlly  equipped  ladge,  gravity  apring  wMar 
aystam,  tetmla  conrta,  etc.  Addreaa  L.  Da  Witt 
ranar407  BrandywineAve.,SchanacUdy,N.  Y. 


SOUTH    OAROLI  N  A 


FOB  8AI.E-Charleaton,  S.  C. 
leadmg  South  Atlantic  port  and  winter 
touriat  raaort,  laiga.  handaome  modem  nai- 
dence,tuinacehaataa,onCliarlaaton'afaahkip- 
abla  bottlevaid,  fnntinK  on  baautitul  Ashley 
Blver.  HgatdeairablaBoathera  winter  home. 
Susan  P.  Froet,  *  Broad  St.,  Charlc^on,  8.  C. 


TENNESSEE 


MOUNTAIN    HOME 

VOR  SAIiE— in  East  Tenneesee 

Home  <A  ratlied  physician,  80  aona,  covering 
mountain  top  overlooking  town  and  river; 
1,500  feet  above  aea  lavelTldeal  cUmate  all  the 

Bar  round.  WaUpf' 

baroa,  hennery. 


J  ear  round.  Well  planted  to  fruit  and  floweia 
baraa,  hennery,  gardana  and  farm  land. 
Qood  mountain  niaa  available  f or  amaU  can. 


Comfortable  honae  with  

Ug  fireplaoa,  hot-water  heat, 
tHoMghtaToIf  ^ 


luge  Urlng-room, 
at,  telephone,  elec- 


tric likhta,  eleotrio  pump,  modem  plumbing. 

Woodon jdaoa.  Addreia 

Jobs  A.  BooiwaLL,  Box  322,  Bsirimsn,Tenn. 


HELP  WANTED 


Bualnaaa  Situation* 
XXBC  DTI VK  woman  tor  leaponslble  posi- 
tion in  huxe  New  England  lunch  room.  Prnue 
give  age,  GnahMaa  or  teaching  experience  aud 
salary  desired.  «,3at,  Ontk>oL 


WANTED— Toong  kdy  stenographer  and 
BpaniahtrsnaSttarbyeatalliahednouae.  Per- 
manent position.  (,2110,  Outlook. 
OomoanionaaaJ  OomaatloMalpara 

WANTED— Reflned,  middlfraged  woman 
aa  honiekeapeHiook.  Twenty-four  hoon  off 
weekly.  Good  aalary.  Write  Mra.  Foote, 
Wahiut  St.,  Bnglewood,  N.  J. 


HELP  WANTED 


Oompanlonaaad  Domaat'e  Halpeis 

WANTED— Mother's  helper,  two  diiklim 
Pennaylvania  farai.  0,211,  Ontlook. 

MOTHER'S  helper  tor  children  «  aadl  ami 
liabyO  months.  Ability  to  neak  rraach<i» 
sirea,  but  not  nsoaaaary.  Good  Iwme  aad 
annuner  In  the  country.  Write  fuUy  a>  to 
experlaoce,  salary,  giving  ideieuoea.  SJK 
OutkxA. 

WANTED— Nurae  fcr  two  diildren  T  and  S 
yean  old.  Beferancea.  Address  Mis.  Walter 
Okxitt,  can  Jamea  W.  Cheney,  Booth  Km- 
chaster.  Conn. 

MATURE  women  for  KiiiiiiiKias  OS  mothart 
helper  tor  girls  two  and  ei^it— vmst  Frend^ 
immsry  inatraction,  knowledge  of  phyAal 
care.  State  age,  nationality.  Beat  rafaienna 
8,184.  Ootkwk. 

WANTED— Xxperienoed  nurae  (or  thra 

chOdnn,  Ptelnileld,  New  Jeraay.  Parmanam 

poaitlon.  One  year  or  more  ratettaice  m 

quired.  State  qoaUflcationa.  0,381,  Ontlock. 

Taachara  and  Oovamaaaaa 

OOVBRNESSBS,  natrcoa,  BothsnC  kab. 
era,  cafeteria  managera.  diatitiane  lib 
Kicbarda,  Stl  Howard  BnUdiw,  Providaaoa. 
Boiton,  18  Jackaon  BaUTninlty  Ooait, 
Thuiadaya,  11  to  1. 

iV  ANTED-Compatent  taneben  for  pebVe 
and  private  idioola  and  eollagaa.  Send  for  bul- 
letin. AJbany  Taachara'  Agency.  Albany,  H.T. 

WANTED  -  Two  experienoed  taaeben. 
lAtin-Engiiah  and  mathematica.  BUaadMol 
Knide..«7Wandbcanl.  SoathemacbaoL  BUi 
aMtude.  0,aM,  Outkwk. 

SITUATIONS    WANTED 

Bueinaaa  Situations 
UNITERSITr  woman,  apechU  « 
dflairea  poaition  aa  aecretary,  ssslsti 
aaalatant  manager.  8,215,  OutkMdc 

BUSINESS  manager  and  matron  by  r- 
ilned,  capable,  experienced  couple  In  midiCe 
Ufe.  Chfldren'a  noma  or  boya'^  oollege  nr*. 
f  erred.  Now  employed  prominent  InatitntidB. 
6o  anywhere.  Addieaa  0,2Gi,  Outic  ok. 

OompanlonaaWOomaatle  Halpais 

OENTLEWOMAN.- Homamaker  open  for 
poaition :  economical,  motherly,  oompaniiis. 
able.  iniMarvineM^  Phihdetpiiia,  fZ^ 

TOUNO  lady  of  reSnement  and  adncatn 
deairea  poaition  aa  companion  to  lady  la  pri- 
vate family.  New  Tork  or  vkihilty.  ojsn 
Outlook. 

REFINED  woman,  capaUa  and  wdW. 
deairea  poaition  aa  oonvaleaoent  naaae  « 
companion  or  houaakaeper  in  private  isaiilT- 
8,298,  Outleok. 

T—ehata  and  Ooeamaaaaa 

VISITING  govemeea  aedu  poiitian.  Kla- 
dergaitner.  8,948,  Outioak. 

FRENCH  teache^  collage  graduate,  «mmm 
position  achool  or  nmily,  vlaitinc  urafelnd- 
Kugliah,  music,  8,259,  Outlook. 

MISCELLANEOUS 

PATRIOTISM  brldiaaa  Abbott,  aha  4 
veraee  of  America— The  Piedgv — 


2  veraea  c(  The  StspSpangl 
Uttle leaflet.  FurUierlbec 


ledge  to  Um  rtw- 
(led  Banner,  allSi 


.^.^allU. 

1iydistributlng~liryoaT  letters,  &  pay  enval 
opee,  te  achoola,  enundiea,  chiba,  aad  i 


gBtherinin.    200 
Arthur  M.  V 


Monl 


^  for  30 
■,  N.  J. 


IF  you  are  in  the  habit  of  buying  The  Outlook  at  a  news-stand,  it  will  be  to 
your  advantage  to  place  a  standing  order  with  your  newsdealer.  The  War  Indus- 
tries Board  has  requested  publishers  to  discontinue  the  acceptance  of  unsold 
copies  from  newsdealers,  and  in  conformity  with  that  request  The  Outlook  is  now 
non-returnable.  To  prevent  loss,  therefore,  newsdealers  must  limit  their  orders  to 
actual  sales.  Buyers  at  news-stands  may  co-operate  and  avoid  disappointment 
by  giving  their  dealer  a  standing  order  for  the  weekly  delivery  of  The  Outlook 

THE    OUTLOOK    COMPANY 


Googl( 


Digitized  by 


918 


THE  OUTLOOK 


151 


Jse  Just  tke  Steam  Yon  Need- 
No  More — 

No  Less — 


=flWE-QUAWTER^^ 


Pontrol  BMh  ladiator  indi- 
vidually and  pomtively.  If 
you  want  HotH  radiAtion, 
turn  the  ADSCOOradnated 
Radiator  Valve  aoooidingly 
and  use  (^  amoant  of  steam 
-nof  All On"or"AU Off." 

ADSCO 
HEATING 

Aimo9phmHe  Syttmm 

bifatoi  ViW  ai  «•  AUCO  tf^K 
In  the  iiHiit  flooaomkml,  u  wen 
a«  tli*>  siinplMt  anteta  of  iteam 
heating  ftjr  Indlildiial  hotnw  or 
indiistrul  hooiiiig ;  for  ofBoe  or 
public  biiiUtaigB,  aithar  iliigle 
or  in  ij^roups. 

With  the  ADSCO  Bntam  than 
are  uo  uuiMSi  no  air  Donnd  radi- 
ator*, DO  "water 
faammer."  do  leaky 
valTaa,  do  dlaigiaa- 
•Ua  odora. 

SAVES 
FUEL 

tree  from  29  to 
■aring 


Wrila  far  BalUtia  I3S-0 

warentnaoTMuliicf*]^ 
■tin  l«f-  teOa  howa  bof  water 
retain  can  be  chanced  orer 
>  a  better  oootiolled^  ASBCO 
Tatem.  If  joo  are  tntareatad 
■  baattaa  a  ktoup  at  bvUd- 
«*,  aaklor  oar  boUatln  on  "Central  Btatfan  Haatinc. 

AMERICAN  niSTRICTSTEAM  fOMPANY 

Coaral  Offlea  and  Warfca  I  N.  Toaawaada.  N.  Y. 
NmrYork  CUcaia  Saallla 


One  Bankf 

in  every  four 

uses 

^rt^Metal 


this  adwrtisement 

is  number  14 

of  a  series 


Art  /YV^tal 

Steel  Office  Furniture,  Safes  and  Files 


In  the  days  when  German  professors 
rere  welcome  in  American  college  towns  a 
istingaiahed  Herr  Doktor  was  lectaring  in 

New  England  ooUeee.  He  noted  the 
^stem  of  lodging  stuoents  here,  and  said 
>  an  American  niend,  "I  see  that  yon 
idge  your  students  in  dormitories.  In 
iermany  oar  students  dissipate  themselves 
U  over  the  towitr'  The  learned  doctor  of 
»ar8e  used  the  wbrd  "  dissipate  "  in  a  way 
lat  will  stand  a  dictionary  test,  bat  its  con- 
otation  to  American  ears  is  unfortunate. 

"  Our  new  maid,"  says  the  humorist  of 
te  «  Scottish  American."  "  stood  in  dismay 
»fore  the  statue  of  the  Venus  de  Milo. 
wisting  the  dust-rag  in  her  hands,  she 
lid,  dolefully,  '  Befo'  I  stahta  to  work 
far,  I  jee'  wants  yo'-aU  to  know  I  didn't 
la'  de  arms  oCTn  dis  little  monument  I 
St  was  dataway  when  I  come  V  " 

Which  is  tiie  more  difBcult  feat — to  climb 
p  the  outside  of  a  New  York  City  sky- 
imper  or  to  climb  down?  The  Hmuan 
\j  has  been  thrilling  New  Yorkers  with 
m  first-named  act ;  now  comes  Dare  Devil 
tore  and  says  that  to  climb  down  is  much 
irder,  because  you  can't  see  where  you're 
liiig.  He  chaUenges  the  Human  Fly  to 
k  up  while  he  himself  goes  down  on  any 
kcted  building,  the  loser  to  pay  a  forfeit 
t  S10,000  to  any  war  charity  the  winner 
■ky  name.  Incidentally,  it  may  be  men- 
incd  that  the  Homan  Fly  now  makea  his 
M  more  spectacular  by  chmbing  up  a 
1^  building's  outside  walls  at  night,  nis 


BY  THE   WAY 

^ous  way  beingillnminatedby  search- 

Harry  Butters,  a  yonng  man  of  means 
who  devoted  his  life  to  the  great  cause  in 
France  and  whose  letters  have  recently 
been  published,  wrote  to  a  friend  that  he 
was  giving  up  all  his  accustomed  luxuries, 
but  one  tmtt  he  disliked  to  discard  was  a 
fancy  brand  of  soap  called  "  Azurea."  In- 
quiry at  department  stores  in  New  York 
Uty  elicited  the  fact  that  this  is  a  French  soap 
which  till  recently  was  still  in  the  market 
and  which  sold  for  ninety-five  cents  a  cake. 
Many  other  fant^  fVench  soaps  and  per- 
fumes formerlv  sold  to  fastidious  customers 
can  no  longer  oe  obtained  in  this  country. 

The  war  has  caused  deprivation  of  luxu- 
ries in  himibler  quarters  also.  It  seems 
that  many  prize  dogs  have  until  recently 
been  fed  on  fancy  food,  but  now  their 
rations  must  be  cut.  One  prize  dog  is  re- 
ported to  have  had  on  his  menu  two  fresh- 
killed  chickens  a  week ;  he  now  has  to  be 
content  with  less  expensive  delicacies.  A 
city  butcher  is  reported  to  have  had  a  stand- 
ing order  for  two  loin  chops  a  day  for  one 
canine  pet  and  a  pound  of  calfs  liver  for 
another.  "  They'd  turn  up  their  noses  at 
scrap  meat,"  he  said.  These  epicures  of  the 
animal  world  must  now  be  content  with 
ordinary  fare,  such  as  in  the  old  days  went 
to  the  butcher's  favored  customers  for  noth- 
ing as  "  meat  for  the  dog." 

These  interesting  biographical  compari- 
sons are  found  in  Arcmoald  Henderson's 


"Enropean  Dramatists:"  "Like  Goethe, 
like  George  Eliot,  Henrik  Ibcen  was  that 
rarest  of  prodacts,  an  artistic  temperament 
endowed  with  a  scientific  bnun.  Along  with 
Eklgar  Allan  Foe,  Ibsen  must  be  ranked  as 
a  strange  composite  of  scientific  worker  and 
artistic  thinker."  It  will  be  noted  that  a 
woman  is  included  in  the  above  enumera- 
tion of  the  "  rarest  of  prodacts." 

The  "  things  our  grandmothers  did  "  are 
so  often  ridiculed  that  it  is  pleasant  to  read 
this  in  the  "  American  A^iculturist "  in 
an  article  about  protection  from  lightnmg  : 
"  Our  CTandmothers  used  to  ensconce  thlsm- 
selves  [as  a-  refuge  from  lightning]  in  the 
midst  of  a  large,  thick  feather  bed — and 
this  was  a  wise  thing  to  do,  for  feathers 
are  a  non-conductor.  Tlie  article  goes  on  : 
"  Rubber  being  a  non-conductor,  it  is  well 
to  slip  on  a  pair  of  overshoes  during  a 
storm,  so  that  if  the  house  happens  to  be 
struck,  the  shock  cannot  prove  injurious. 
It  affords  the  greatest  relief  for  the  nerves 
if  the  curtains  are  drawn  down  and  the 
lights  turned  on,  for  then  one  cannot  see 
the  lightning." 

Clocks  are  manufactured  which  strike 
"ship  bell  "  time,  but  probably  nothing  of 
this  Kind  has  heretofore  been  attempted  on 
so  large  a  scale  as  a  marine  clock  which  is 
to  be  erected  on  Pier  A,  New  York  City. 
The  dials  of  this  timepiece,  it  is  announced, 
wiU  be  six  feet  in  diameter.  The  striking, 
which  will  be  of  the  regulation  ship  b«J]  kind, 
will  be  loud  enough,  it  is,  said,  to  be  heard,  .c» 


152 


THE   OUTLOOK 


When  Belgium  Stemmed  the  Tide 


Four  years  ago  the  Belgian 
Army,  war-worn  and  weak  in 
numbers,  confronted  the  Ger- 
mans on  the  Yser.  From  Liege 
to  the  last  narrow  strip  of  their 
country  they  had  resisted  the 
invaders  inch  by  inch,  glorious 
even  in  retreat 

At  the  Yser  the  Belgians 
performed  a  signal  service  to 
the  Allied  cause  by  holding  the 
Germans  while  the  gaps  were 
bang  closed  in  the  Franco- 
British  lines  to  the  rear. 

Four  years  have  passed,  and 
the    same    nations    sure    still  at 


death  grips  along  the  Western 
front  Americei,  too,  is  there, 
and  has  this  opportunity  be- 
cause the  Belgians  kept  the 
enemy  from  crossing  the  Yser 
long  ago. 

The  same  un^tering  cour- 
age, the  same  inspiration  for 
sacrifice  in  our  army  abroad 
and  in  our  citizens  at  home 
will  give  us  victory. 

The  complete  mobilization  of 
the  whole  people  is  necessary 
and  the  telephone  service  has 
an  increasingly  importtmt  part 
in  speeding  the  national  effort 


More  than  12,000  members  of  the  Bell  System  are  in  military 
service.  Those  that  remain  at  home  must  fill  the  gaps  and  do  their 
utmost,  with  the  co-operation  of  the  public,  to  help  win  the  war. 


American  Telephone  and  Telegraph  Company 
And  Associated  Gompanics 


OnmPatey 


One  Syatmm 


Univmraal  S*Tviee 


TUsNewRange 

Is  AWbnder 
For  Cooking 

Although  it  is  less  than  four  feet 
long  it  can  do  e'^ry  kind  of  cooking 
for  any  ordinary  family  by  gas  in 
warm  weather,  or  by  coal  or  wood 
when  the  kitchen  needs  heating. 


The  Coal  section  and  the  Ctss  aectioa 

are  just  as  separtite  as  though  yoa 
had  two  ranges  in  yotnr  kitchen. 


Gold  Medal 


II 


Note  the  two  ns  erens  above — one 

for  baking,  glass  paneled  and  one 
for  broiling,  with  white  enamel  door. 
Ilie  large  oral  below  has  the  ia£- 
cator  and  is  heated  by  coal  or  wood. 
See  the  cooking  snr&ce  when  yoo 
want  to  rush  things — five  bnmen 
for  g^  and  four  covers  for  coaL 
When  in  a  hurry  both  coal  and  gaa 
ovens  can  be  operated  at  the  same 
time,  using  one  for  baking  bread  er 
roasting  meats  and  the  other  for 
pastry  baking— It 

"Makes  Cooking  £a^ 

Write  for  handMitia  free  booklet  164 
that  tells  all  about  it. 

Weir  Store  Co.,  Taunton.  Mbbb. 


J 


Jhs  FREE  Shoe  Book 


L  of  Ctw«ar  Hhoes  for  Men.  Wocnca  i 

\  Li^MrHr  iiho«s  u<c  %mnt  DoitpaM,  (naraMaaM 
*      .  «yle  and  qnStr.  t>  • 


mbine   connfort,  i 

yt«rfectly  or  mon«y  back. 
\  ortcas,    S^nd  for 


■  FE  Simon  Shoe'5iiir>::- 


By  the  Way  (Continued) 
by  all  the  harbor  craft  in  the  vicinity  of 
the  Battery,  so  that  they  can  set  their  own 
clocks  by  this  great  timepiece. 

"  Little  Women,"  Miss  Alcott's  famous 
story,  is  to  l>e  put  on  the  screen.  This 
novel,  it  is  said,  nas  been  translated  into 
almost  every  language  of  the  world.  As  a 
play  it  had  a  phenomenal  success.  The 
pictures  of  the  movie  adaptation  will  show 
scenes  in  and  about  the  home  of  Miss 
Alcott  at  Concord,  Massachusetts. 

Here  are  a  few  amusing  examples  of 
faul^  construction  recently  noted  :  From 
a  Caufomia newspaper's  local  items:  "  Mrs. 
McMullein  is  visiting  all  her  old  friends 
here  this  summer,  instead  of  teaching  in 
Nevada  whicb  she  don't  like."  (Is  it 
Nevada  or  teaching  which  she  "  don't " 
like.'')    From  an  advertisement :   "Trained 


babv's  nurse  wanted."  (Is  the  baby  trained 
or  the  nurse  ?)  From  Baedeker's  Guide  to 
Great  Britain :  "  On  the  way  we  pass 
Kingsgate,  so  named  because  Charles  II 
and  the  Duke  of  York  landed  here  in  1683, 
with  a  modern  castle."  (Some  movers,  the 
King  and  the  Duke !) 

Another  example  of  ambieuous  construc- 
tion is  quoted  from  a  Pacific  coast  news- 
paper : 

Amongr  the   Ciril    War   nnnea   attending'   the 

Q.  A.  R.  encampment  U  Mre.  A B ,  72  years 

of  age,  from  Sacramento.    Mis.  B churns  to  be 

the  only  battlefield  nurse  now  liring.  She  went  on 
many  battlefields  in  search  of  her  brother,  who  was 
a  soldier.  .  .  .  She  was  herself  wounded  in  the  battle 
of  Piairie  Grove,  Ark.,  in  the  eouthwest  divition, 
and  still  carries  (in  the  back  of  her  neck)  the  scar. 

"  The  publication  of  ♦  Puck '  ceases  witli 
the   September   number."   Thus  passes  a 


humorous  periodical  which  at  one  tiiue  tr 
cupied  the  foremost  position  in  its  class  ii 
this  country.  In  its  early  days  it  <)evp» 
much  space  to  political  cartoons ;  its  tof 
famous  "  hit  "  was  probably  a  series  oHm 
"  The  Tattooed  Man,"  canintturing  Jaii!« 
G.  Blaine  during  the  Presidential  campus 
of  1884.  These  cartoons  were  supposed  t 
have  had  an  influence  in  deciding  the  c^ 
tion.  Another  influence,  it  will  be  reuw^ 
bered,  gave  a  new  word  to  current  polida 
slang — to  "  burchard  "  a  candida.te.  P 
allusion  being  to  an  unfortunate  pfarai 
used  by  a  prominent  clergyman  who  na 
adroitly  advocated  Mr.  Blaine's  caose.  Hi 
remark,  tliat  the  Democratic  party  skf 
for ''  Rum,  Romanism,  and  Rebellion,'* «) 
thought  to  be  responsible  for  tlie  deferM 
of  enough  of  Mr.  Blaine's  admirers  to  an» 
his  defeat.  -v 

Digitized  by  VJW^^V  IV^ 


THE  OUTLOOK 

[Advertistmen/] 


153 


How  I  Impic^edMy Memory 

In  One  Evening 

The  Amazing  Experience  of  Victor  Jones 


'  *  Of  course  I  place  you  !  Mr. 
Addison  iSims  of  Seattle. 

'  *  If  I  remember  correctly — and 
I  do  remember  correctly  —  Mr. 
Burroughs,  the  lumberman,  intro- 
duced me  to  you  at  the  luncheon 
of  the  Seattle  Rotary  Club  three 
years  ago  in  May.  This  is  a  pleas- 
ure indeed.  I  haven't  laid  eyes  on 
you  since  that  day.  How  is  the 
(Train  business  ?  And  how  did  that 
amalgamation  work  out  ?" 

The  assurance  of  this  speaker — 
in  the  crowded  corridor  of  the 
Hotel  McAlpin — comp)elled  me 
to  turn  and  look  at  him,  though  1 
must  say  it  is  not  my  usual  habit  to 
"listen  in "  even  in  a  hotel  lobby. 

"  He  is  David  M.  Roth,  the  most  fatnons 
iiiemoTjr  expert  in  the  United  States,"  said 
my  friend  Kennedy,  answering  mv  question 
lie  fore  I  could  get  it  out.  "  He  will  show  vou 
a  lot  more  wonderful  things  than  that,  betore 
the  evening  is  over." 

And  he  did. 

Ab  we  went  into  the  banquet  room  the 
t4>a8tiiia8ter  was  introducing  a  long  line  of 
the  guests  to  Mr.  Roth.  I  got  in  line  and 
when  it  came  my  turn,  Mr.  Roth  asked, 
*-  What  are  your  initials,  Mr.  Jones,  and 
vour  business  connection  and  telephone 
number  ?"  Why  he  asked  this,  I  learned 
later,  when  he  picked  out  from  the  crowd 
the  60  men  he  had  met  two  hours  before  and 
(•ailed  each  by  name  without  a  mistake.  What 
ix  more,  he  named  each  man's  business  and 
telephone  ntunber  for  good  measure. 

I  won't  tell  yon  all  the  other  amazing 
things  this  man  did  except  to  tell  how  he 
railed  back,  without  a  mmute's  hesitation, 
long  lists  of  numbers,  bank  clearings,  prices, 
lot  numbers,  parcel  post  rates  and  anything 
«l8e  the  gaestt  gave  him  in  rapid  order. 

j  When  I  met  Mr.  Roth  again — which  you 
hi  lay  be  sure  I  did  the  first  chance  I  got — 
he  rather  bowled  me  over  by  saying,  in 
P«t8  quiet,  modest  way : 

"There  is  nothing  miraculous  about  my 
remembering  anything  I  want  to  remember, 
whether  it  be  names,  faces,  figures,  facts  or 
■omething  I  have  read  in  a  magazine. 

"  You  can  do  this  Just  as  easily  as  T  do. 
Anyone  with  an  average  mind  can  learn 
quickly  to  do  exactly  the  same  things  which 
M>em  so  miraculous  when  I  do  theni. 

"  My  own  memory,"  continued  Mr.  Roth, 
^  waa  originally  very  faulty.  Yes,  it  was — a 
really  voor  memory.  On  meeting  a  man  I 
Iroalu  loAe  his  name  in  thirty  seconds,  while 


now  there  are  probably  10,000  men  and 
women  in  the  United  States,  many  of  whom 
I  have  met  but  once,  whose  names  I  can  call 
instantly  on  meeting  them." 

"That  is  all  right  for  you,  Mr.  Roth,"  I 
interrupted,  "you  have  given  years  to  it 
But  how  about  me  ?' 

"  Mr.  Jones,"  he  replied, "  I  can  teach  vou 
the  secret  of  a  good  memory  in  one  evening. 
This  is  not  a  g^uess,  because  I  have  done  it 
with  thousands  of  pupils.  In  the  first  of 
seven  simple  lessons  wnich  I  have  prepared 
for  home  study,  I  show  you  the  basic  princi- 
ple of  my  whole  system  and  vou  will  find  it 
— not  hard  work  as  you  might  fear — but 
just  like  playing  a  fascinating  gaiAe.  I  will 
prove  it  to  you.' 

He  didn't  have  to  prove  it.  His  (bourse 
did:  I  got  it  the  very  next  day  from  his 
publishers,  the  Independent  Corporation. 

When  I  tackled  the  first  lesson,  I  suppose 
I  was  the  most  surprised  man  in  forty-eight 
states  to  find  that  I  had  learned — in  about 
one  hour — how  to  remember  a  list  of  one 
hundred  words  so  that  I  could  call  them  off 
forward  and  back  without  a  single  mistake. 

That  first  lesson  stuck.  And  so  did  the 
other  six. 

Read  this  letter  from  C.  Louis  Allen,  who 
at  32  years  became  president  of  a  million 
dollar  corporation,  the  Pyrene  Manufactur- 
ing Company  of  New  York,  makers  of  the 
famous  nre  extinguisher : 

"Now  that  the  Roth  Memory  Conne  ia 
Bniahed,  I  vant  to  tell  yon  how  maoh  I  have 
enjoyed  the  itndy  of  thia  most  faaoinatinK  sub- 
ject.  Usiuilly  these  conrses  inToWe  a  great  deal 


tions  and  feel  that  I  shall  contiinie  to  stren^heo 
raj  nmraarj.  That  is  the  best  part  of  it.  I  shall 
be  glad  of  an  opportunity  to  recommend  your 
work  to  my  frieodii." 

Mr.  Allen  didn't  put  it  a  bit  too  strong. 

The  Roth  Course  is  priceless !  I  can  abso- 
lutely count  on  my  memory  now.  I  can  call 
the  name  of  most  any  man  I  have  met 
before — and  I  am  getting  better  all  the  time. 
I  can  remember  any  figures  I  wish  to  re- 
member. Telephone  numbers  come  to  my 
mind  instantly,  once  I  have  filed  them  by 
Mr.  Roth's  easy  method.  Street  addresses 
are  just  as  easy. 

Tne  old  fear  of  forgetting  (you  know  what 
that  is)  has  vanished.  I  used  to  be  "  scared 
stiff  "  on  my  feet — ^because  I  wasn't  sure,  I 
couldn't  remember  what  I  wanted  to  say. 

Now  I  am  sure  of  myself,  and  confident, 
and  "  easy  as  an  old  shoe "  when  I  get  on 
my  feet  at  the  dub,  or  at  a  banquet,  or  in  a 
business  meeting,  or  in  any  social  gathering. 

Perhaps  the  most  enjoyable  part  of  it  all 
is  that  I  Jiave  become  a  good  conversation- 
alist— and  I  used  to  be  as  silent  as  a  sphinx 
when  I  got  into  a  crowd  of  people  who  knew 
things. 

Now  I  can  call  up  like  a  flash  of  lightninf; 
roost  any  fact  I  want  right  at  tlie  instant 


I  need  it  most  I  naed  to  think  a  "hair 
trigger "  memory  belonged  only  to  the 
prodigy  and  gemus.  Now  I  see  tliat  every 
man  of  us  has  that  kind  of  a  memory  if  he 
only  knows  how  to  make  it  work  right 

I  tell  you  it  is  a  wonderful  thing,  after 
groping  around  in  the  dark  for  so  many 
years,  to  be  able  to  switch  the  big  search- 
light on  your  mind  and  see  instantly  every- 
thing you  want  to  remember. 

This  Roth  Course  will  do  wonders  in  your 
office. 

Since  we  took  it  np  yoa  never  hear  any- 
one in  our  office  say  "  I  guess  '*  or  "  I  think 
it  was  about  so  much"  or  "I  forvet  that 
right  now "  or  " I  can't  remember  or  "I 
must  look  up  his  name."  Now  they  are  right 
there  with  tlie  answer — like  a  shot 

Have  you  ever  heard  of  "  Multigraph " 
Smith?  Real  name  H.  Q.  Smith,  I^vision 
Manager  of  the  Multigraph  Sales  Company, 
Ltd.,  m  Montreal.  Hera  is  just  a  bit  from  a 
letter  of  his  that  I  saw  last  week  : 

"  Here  is  the  whole  thing  in  a  nntahell :  Mr. 
Roth  has  a  most  remarkable  Memory  Conrae.  It 
is  suuple,  and  easy  as  falling  off  a  log.  Yet  with 
one  hoar  a  day  of  practice,  anyone — ^1  doo't  one 
who  he  ia— can  improve  his  Memoiy  100%  in  a 
week  and  1,000%  in  six  months." 

My  advice  to  you  is  don't  wait  another 
minute.  Send  to  Independent  Corporation 
for  Mr.  Roth's  amazing  course  and  see  what 
a  wonderful  memory  you  have  got  Your 
dividends  in  increased  earning  fewer  will 
be  enonnous.  Victor  Jonm 

While  Mr.  Jonet  hat  choten  the  ttorp  form  for  thit 
account  of  hit  eTperier.ce  and  that  qf  atken  with  the 
Roth  Memory  Course,  he  hat  med  onlyfaett  that  an 
knoam  personally  to  the  President  qfthe  Independent 
Corporation,  who  hereby  per\fiet  the  accuracy  </  Jfr. 
Jonet^  ttory  in  all  itt  particulars. 

Send  No  Money 

So  eontdtot  Is  the  Independent  Corpontion,  the  pabUshos 
of  ths  Rotfa  Memory  Courw.  tliat  onoe  too  hare  sn  oppor- 
tunity to  see  tn  yoor  own  boms  how  essy  ft  is  to  doable,  yea. 
triple  your  memory  power  ia  a  few  abort  hours,  that  they 
are  willing  to  eend  the  coarse  on  tree  eumlnstlon. 

Dont  send  any  money.  Manly  mail  the  ooupoa  or  wrila 
a  letter  and  the  oompleta  conrae  will  be  smt,  sll  ehsrgaa 
pieliaid,  at  once.  If  yoa  are  not  entirely  aatiafled  aeod  tt 
tadt  any  time  within  Sto  daya  after  yoa  noeire  it  and  yoa 
wQl  owe  nothing. 

On  the  other  hand,  if  yoa  are  as  plea  and  aa  are  the  tbeu- 
■uids  of  other  men  and  women  woo  baTe  uaed  the  ccufsa 
aend  only  tS  in  full  |>yment.  Too  take  no  lU  and  yoa 
hare  arenrtbing  to  gain,  ao  maO  the  ooopoo  now  baton  this 
reroaTkawe  offer  ia  witbdiawn. 

FREE  EXAMINATION  COUPON 

■  ■••■•••••■••••••••■■■■■•■•#•••■••■■■•••••■•••••1 

DiviMi  tf  BwMsEAMitM,  Dm- Z2I«L  119  W.  40lb  St  JlnrYvfc 

Pubtuhrn  of  Tk*  Indfpmdmt  (anA  Hnrp^t  W^Uff) 
Fleup  amd  me  the  Ruth  Memory  Course  of  aeven  leaaona. 
1  will  either  remiul  the  Conne  to  you  withiu  five  dmyi  alt«r 
Its  rec«ipt  or  wad  yoa  to. 


A'amv . 


Addrtu . 


'  Digitized JKJ* 

Ontlook  1A-*i-l 


154 


THE   OUTLOOK 


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The 
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C  Each  of  the  twenty-two  mill- 
ion members  of  the  Red  Cross 
will  want  THE  CHILDREN  OF 
FRANCE.  In  it  June  Richard- 
son Lucas  tells  the  beautiful, 
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Mrs.  Lucas,  in  poignant  word- 
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C  Two  novels  we  speciaOy  rec- 
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WINDOW,  by  Olive  Higgins 
Prmity  (author  of  "  Bobbie,  gen- 
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C  If  you  care  at  all  for  ghost 
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for  AmMie  Rives'  THE  QHOST 
OARDEN,  in  which,  says  the 
N.  Y.  Times,  "  Frin-cexs  Trmi- 
hetzkoy  achieves  the  first  factor 
of  success  in  a  ghost  story — she 
makes  it  impressive  by  making 
it  seem,  posswle." 

C  Arnold  Bennett  was  right  in 
saying  that  tlie  work  of  the 
fighter  poets  has  been  the  dis- 
tinguished literary  event  of  the 
past  year.  The  choicest  of  the 
works  of  England's  soldier-poets 
have  been  gathered  into  a  volume 
entitled  THE  MUSE  IN  ARMS, 
bv  E.  B.  Osborn.  Tliis  book  in- 
cludes selections  from  the  work 
of  Robert  Nichols,  that  splendid 
■  war  poet,  but  his  complete  poems 
are  to  be  found  in  ARDOURS 
AND  ENDURANCES,  of  which 
the  Chicago  Evening  Post  says, 
"  Let  me  simply  recommend  this 
wonderfully  vivid  poetry  of  the 
shock  and  crash  of  war,  and  of 
the  thoughi^  and  emotions  which 
they  evoke  in  a  poet  who  knows 
what  it  is  to  be  a  soldier." 

C  At  all  bookahops.  Send  for  full 
descriptive  circular,  gratU. 


FREDERICK  A.  STOKES  COMPANY 

Publlshars  New  York 


The  Outlook 


CopjrriKht,  1918.  by  The  Ontlook  CompanT 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS 


Vol.  120  October  2,  1918 


No.  5 


THa  OOTLOOK    U  PUBLllRBD  WSSKLT  BT  THS  fXTUJOU  OOHTAITT, 
381      rOUBTH     ATBMDB,     mw     TORK.         I^Wftmcl     F.     ABIOTT, 

rBisioaMT.     H.  T.  ruuiTBi,  Tic^naumn.     fkakx  q.  bott. 
nuuioso.      nxmrr  h.  auott,  vacwnKn.      tkatsu  d. 

CASMAH,      ADTBKTUIlia      MAaAOBL  IBAILT     fVlKSirriOH— 

nrnt-Two  un«— roc>   dollau   n   adtakb.      nrnutui 

AS      UOOMD-CLAU      MATTBB.      JULT     21.     1B93,     AT    TRB     NVT 
OFnoB    AT     mv    YORK,    UXDBl     THB     ACT    OV    MABaM    3.    1879 


Terroritm  in  Russia 157 

The  Viotory  io  Palestine 157 

The  Victory  on  the  Serbian  Front 157 

Ambauador  Davis 158 

Vitoount  Motono 158 

Cardinal  Farley 158 

How  to  End  the  War 159 

Nitrate  Out  of  the  Air 159 

Museums  and  the  Industrial  Arts 159 

Dry  Hawaii 160 

How  Canada  Dealt  with  Mennonites  and 

Dukhobors 160 

Cartoons  of  the  Week 161 

Pooling  the  Allies'  Resouroes 162 

The  Luiitania  Test 162 

The  Vandal  of  Europe 163 

A  Tangle  of  Common  Green  Leaves 165 

A  Triumph   of  French  Imagination 165 

Special  Corrcapondenoe  by  Willmm  E.  Brooks 

Russia  in  Upheaval 166 

By  GeorSe  KemiAii 
Training  Army  Chaplains 167 

Special  Correspondence  by  Hugh  K.  Folton 

One  Little  Word  From  Home 168 

By  Katberioe  Mayo 

The  Development  of  the  United  States..   169 
By  Tbeodorc  Roosevelt 

What  Shall  be  Done  with  Austria  and  the 

Balkan  Nations  P 170 

The  Views  oi  ao  Infloeotial  Rttmaoian 

On  Night  Patrol :  A  Tale  of  the  American 

Destroyers 172 

By  Henry  B.  Beaton 

"Fear  Not  Them"  (Poem) 174 

By  Edward  i.  Harding 
Knoll  Papers :  Texts  and  Themes  for  the 

Timet 174 

By  Lyman  Abbott 

Current  Events  Illustrated 175 

Weekly  Outline  Study  of  Current  History  182 
By  J.  Madison  Gaibany.  A.M. 

James  Norman  Hall 183 

By  F.  B.  Skeele 

The  English  Defeatittt 184 

How  "  Ginger  "  Got  Religion 185 

What   Books   are   Doing  to  Americanize 

Soldiers  of  Many  Races .*..   186 

By  George  F.  Worts 

The  New  Bookt 187 

By  the  Way 194 


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.mt 


Th*  Univtnity  of  Chicago  Pros* 
8783  Ellu  Avnaa,  CMeago,  lUinoU 

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the-books  oheoked  below. 

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THE   OUTLOOK 


Buy  More  Liberty  Bonds 


FOURTH    LIBERTY   BOND    DRIVE 


To  the  Readers 
of  The  Outlook: 


September  28,  1918. 


As  a  Nation  we  have  taken  our  stand  against  militaristic  and  capitalistic  autocracy,  whose 
greatest  exponents  are  in  Germany.  With  a  hand  of  iron  and  with  the  power  and  wealth  of  a 
mighty  and  wilful  nation  a  great  tragedy  is  being  enacted  in  the  world  by  the  leaders  of  that  nation. 
The  attempt  by  them  to  move  the  world  backward  is  being  pressed  with  unrelenting,  far-reach- 
ing and  most  treacherous  design.  This  step  is  being  withstood  at  the  cost  of  our  best  blood 
and  treasure,  lest  the  greater  tragedy  of  the  backward  step  result,  enslaving  future  generations. 


Our  citizen  soldiers  are  at  the  front  for  this  pur- 
pose. They  have  been  equipped  and  we  must  con- 
tinue to  equip  and  feed  them  until  the  purpose  is 
achieved.  They  must  be  financed,  and  we  must  be 
most  zealous  in  supplying  the  fiinds.  We  and  the 
Allies  must  win  battles  and  conquer  peace,  making 
it  permanent ;  otherwise  we  fail.  Beating  Germany 
to  her  knees  and  disarming  her  to  prevent  fiiture 
lawless  perpetrations  is  the  complete  programme. 
It  will  take  time  and  money.  The  programme  half 
completed  means  defeat. 

The  soldier  puts  himself  where  he  takes  the 
chance  of  losing  his  most  precious  possession.  Will 
you  supply  from  your  own  possessions  what  takes 
no  chance  of  loss,  but  is  guaranteed  profit  and  the 
return  of  principal  ? 

If  you  have  some  chattels  of  luxury,  or  indeed  of 
modern-day  necessity,  sell  them,  or  if  you  own  a 
house,  mortg^e  it,  and  put  the  proceeds  into  Liberty 
Bonds.  How^lse  can  some  of  us  at  home  take  part  in 
supporting  the  war  ?  Shall  we  hold  on  to  our  junk 
when  fine  gold  is  ours  for  the  asking  ?  Lest  our  con- 
science smite  us  to  the  day  of  our  death,  shall  we  not 
at  least  buy  Liberty  Bonds  ?  To  avoid  the  withering 
glances  of  our  children,  we  should  now  buy  Liberty 
Bonds.  To  avoid  compromising  our  self-respect, 
we  should  buy  more  Liberty  Bonds.   To  avoid  the 


odium  of  friends  and  the  deadening  sense  of  shame, 
buy  Liberty  Bonds. 

We  glory  in  our  forbears,  whose  sacrifices  built 
up  democracy.  Is  not  our  heritage  of  freedom  and 
justice  of  priceless  value  ?  And  are  we  not  proud 
-claimants  of  the  estate  of  our  forefathers? 

The  rights  of  freemen  have  been  asserted  and 
maintained  for  more  than  a  century.  These  rights 
are  challenged  by  a  ruthless  and  persistent  foe. 
Great  nations,  our  own  in  the  van,  are  holding  aloh 
the  torch  and  meeting  the  challenge.  If  we  cannot 
get  into  the  fight  at  the  front  and  take '  part  in  its 
thrill  and  its  glory,  let  us  finance  the  men  who  can. 
To  that  extent,  we  share  in  the  victory.  The  oppor- 
tunity is  ours  to  help  and  to  share.  Buy,  then,  the 
Bonds  of  Liberty.  For  one  not  to  do  so  is  to  reveal 
a  poverty-stricken  soul.  A  tree  laden  with  fruit  out- 
stretches its  branches  to  reach  him,  and  he  lifts  not 
his  hand  to  receive.  How  inglorious  will  be  the 
victory  for  one  so  indifferent,  or  so  craven  ! 

Are  there  those  who  are  moved  solely  by  cold- 
blooded commercial  considerations  ?  Then  the  wealth- 
iest of  nations  is  on  the  bondy  which  makes  the 
Fourth  Liberty  Loan  the  best  investment  in  the  world. 
The  interest  is  payable  semi-annually,  and  it  has  in 
portant  tax-exemptions  adding  to  its  attractiveness. 


If  you  are  not  insured  in  the  POSTAL  LIFE  INSURANCE 
COMPANY,  we  will  welcome  you  as  a  policyholder  and  will 
invest  in  Liberty  Bonds  the  amount  of  your  premium,  paid  during 
this  Bond  •Drive,  or  will  accept  Liberty  Bonds  for  the  payment. 


Postal  Life  Insurance  Company 

Wli.  R.  Makme,  President 

511  Fifth  Avenue,  comer  43d  Street,  New  York  j 

Digitized  by  VaOOQlC 


The  Outlook 

OCTOBER  2,  1918 
Offices,  381  Fourth  Avenue,  New  York 


TERBORISM  IN  RUSSIA 

The  Bolsheviki  are  mling  in  Moscow  and  Petrograd  by 
the  sheer  weight  of  slaughter  and  terrorism.  Almost  unbeliev* 
able  accounts  come  from  apparently  authentic  sources  of  con- 
tinuous executions  and  mob  massacres.  This  rule  of  bloodshed 
does  not  in  any  way  represent  the  Bussian  people,  and  the  true 
friends  of  Russia  must,  aid  in  bringing  it  to  an  end.  Recognizing 
this,  the  American  Government,  through  the  State  Department, 
and  unquestionably  with  the  approval  and  probably  at  the  initi- 
ative of  the  President,  has  issued  a  declaration  addressed  to  its 
representatives  in  neutral  and  Allied  nations  in  which  the  aid 
of  these  nations  is  invoked  "  to  take  some  immediate  action, 
which  is  entirely  divorced  from  the  atmosphere  of  belligerency 
and  the  conduct  of  war,  to  impress  upon  the  perpetrators  of 
these  crimes  the  aversion  with  which  civilization  regards  their 
present  wanton  acts." 

The  facts  as  set  forth  in  this  statement  fully  justify  its  pur- 
pose. The  statement  says : 

This  Grovemment  is  in  receipt  of  information  from  reliable 
sources  revealing  that  the  peaceable  Russian  citizens  of  Moscow, 
Petrograd,  and  other  cities  are  suffering  from  an  openly  avowed 
campaira  of  mass  terrorism  and  are  suDiect  to  wholesale  execu- 
tions. Thonsands  of  persons  have  been  snot  without  even  a  form 
of  trial ;  ill-administered  prisons  are  filled  beyond  capacity,  and 
every  night  scores  of  Russian  citizens  are  recklessly  put  to  death  ; 
and  irresponsible  bands  are  venting  their  brutal  passions  in  the 
daily  massacres  of  untold  innocents. 

Those  well-disposed  but  ill-informed  people  who  in  the  past 
have  inclined  to  mistake  the  German-inspired  anarchy  of  the 
Bolsheviki  as  an  extension  of  democracy  which  would  settle 
down  in  time  into  self-government  must  be  disillusioned  by 
the  course  of  events.  Certainly  no  one  can  read  this  official 
appeal  to  the  humane  impulse  of  the  world  against  the  tyranny 
of  Leuine  and  Trotsky  without  seeing  that  the  time  for  tem- 
porizing haa  passed. 


THE  VICTORY  IN  PALESTINE 

After  the  long  succession  of  victories  on  the  western  front 
comes  a  week  of  equally  brilliant  action  on  two  important 
eastern  battle-lines.  The  Bulgars  in  the  Balkans  and  the  Turks 
in  Palestine  have  been  defeated  in  a  manner  so  dramatic  and 
complete  that  the  history  of  the  war  has  little  to  offer  in  com- 
parison. These  enemies  of  our  allies — we  wish  we  could  say  our 
enemies,  but,  unfortunately,  Turkey  and  Bulgaria  have  not  yet 
been  declared  enemies  of  ^e  United  States,  as  they  should  be — 
have  suffered  such  crushing  reverses  that  their  already  weak- 
ened morale  must  be  seriously  affected  by  it,  while  prospects  of 
establishing  a  stroujg  and  permanent  position  in  the  Near  £^t 
oi^en  up  most  eratifyingly  for  the  future. 

General  Allenby  in  Palestine,  advancing  from  above  Jerusa- 
lem, outmaneuver^  and  outfought  the  loirkish  forces  known 
as  the  Seventh  and  Eighth  Armies.  The  number  of  prisoners 
known  to  have  been  captured  by  the  Allies  up  to  September  23 
was  25,000,  while  it  was  then  thought  that  the  final  count  might 
reach  or  even  exceed  40,000.  Huge  transport  trains  and  about 
three  hundred  guns  were  seized.  The  part  played  by  the 
cavalry  in  General  AUenby's  enveloping  movement  was  effective 
and  picturesque,  and  shows  that  the  day  of  the  cavalryman 
is  by  no  means  over.  The  Australian  light-horse  divisions 
in  particular  operated  on  a  large  scale  and  cut  off  the  retreat 
of  enormous  numbers  of  Turks.  British  cavalry,  pushing  up 
the  coast,  occupied  Haifa  and  Acre.  Here  was  the  "v^ar  ra 
movement "  in  the  fullest  sense. 

The  advance  led  through  the  sacred  village  of  Nazareth  and 
along  the  weet  of  the  river  Jordan,  while  historic  names  familiar 


to  every  Bible  student,  such  as  Armageddon,  Tiberias,  and 
Esdraelon,  marked  the  course  of  advance.  The  Turkish  power 
in  the  part  of  Palestine  immediately  north  of  the  Jord^  has 
not  merely  been  broken  but  has  been  practically  exterminated. 
Thus  at  last  the  Holv  Land  has  been  liberated  from  Turkish 
rule,  and  Syria  will  almoet  inevitably  share  in  tiie  release  from 
Turkish  tyranny. 

What  the  ultimate  resnlt  of  General  AUenby's  victory  will 
be  remains  to  be  seen,  but  there  is  no  apparent  obstacle  to  his 
advance  northward  and  to  the  full  occupation  of  the  Damascus- 
Haifa  Railway.  If  his  forces  continue  to  move  northward,  it 
would  seem  quite  within  the  bounds  of  probability  that  they 
may  ultimately  reach  Aleppo.  If  they  do,  a  landing  from  British 
ships  at  the  port  of  Alexandretta  might  well  oo^iperate  with 
their  advance,  and  if  this  takes  place  it  is  hard  to  see  how  the 
Turks  could  prevent  a  union  between  the  British  armies  march- 
ing north  through  Palestine  and  those  which  may  advance  in 
Ik^sopotamia  northward  from  Bagdad  to  Mosul  and  then  east- 
ward towards  Aleppo.  This  is  an  outline  of  a  large  and  impor- 
tant campaign,  but  even  if  it  is  not  carried  out  to  its  full  extent 
there  is  no  question  that  the  Turkish  power  in  Palestine 
and  Mesopotamia  has  vanished,  and  that  Turkey's  ambitious 
in  the  direction  of  Persia  are  likely  to  be  checked  and  made 
inipotent.  As  the  London  "Times"  comments,  the  Turkish 
army  in  Palestine  has  ceased  to  exist,  while  the  recent  with- 
drawal of  the  British  from  Baku,  on  the  Caspian  Sea,  is  of 
small  effect  on  the  general  plans  for  future  campaigns  in 
Asiatic  Turkey. 


THE  VICTORY  ON  THE  SERBIAN  FRONT 

Equally  brilliant  and  very  probably  more  important  was 
the  victory  on  the  Serbian  front.  The  great  Alhed  army  at 
Salonika  has  long  been  inactive,  but  it  has  at  last  accomplished 
something  of  large  value  for  the  present,  with  even  more  attrac- 
tive prospects  for  the  future. 

The  front  of  the  Allies  has  extended  three  hundred  and  fifty 
miles  from  the  Adriatic  Sea  at  the  west  to  the  ^gean  on  the 
east.  To  the  north  this  battle-line  is  confronted  by  mountain 
peaks  and  hills  capable  of  easy  defense.  The  only  possibility  of 
driving  the  Bulgars  out  of  Macetlonia  and  Serbia  has  been 
through  the  river  valleys.  These  vallejrs  have  been  described 
as  corridors  rather  than  valleys,  for  they  are  walled  on  both 
sides  by  great  heights.  The  river  Struma,  to  the  east,  flows 
through  a  valley  that  is  really  impracticable.  The  river  Vardar 
with  its  railway  and  road  is  normally  the  main  line  of  com- 
munication between  Salonika  and  Serbia,  but  it  has  been  in 
lai^e  part  impracticable.  One  other  river  route  remained, 
and  this  was  tiie  line  of  attack  adopted  by  the  Serbian  and 
French  forces  which  have  so  splendidly  distinguished  themselves. 
They  struck  northeast  from  M^onastir,  which  is  about  one  hundretl 
miles  northwest  of  Salonika,  and  forced  their  way  into  the  valley 
of  the  river  Cema.  This  vt^as  a  line  of  advance  extremely  diffi- 
cult to  carry  out,  and  the  success  of  the  movement  woidd  do 
credit  to  any  army  in  the  world.  By  fierce  and  continual  fight- 
ing the  Franco-Serbian  army  forced  their  way  down  the  valley  of 
the  Cema  until,  after  capturing  Prilep,  they  reached  its  junction 
with  the  Vardar  and  crossed  that  nver.  This  success  not  only 
opens  a  possible  road  toward  the  city  of  Uskub,  but,  that  once 
accomplished,  would  make  a  campaign  directed  i^inst  Nish 
quite  within  the  bounds  of  possibility.  And  NLsh,  it  must  be 
remembered,  is  a  center  of  lines  of  communication  between 
Belgrade,  the  Serbian  capital,  and  Sofia,  the  Bulgarian  capital — 
not  the  only  means  of  communication,  but  certainly  the  most 
important  route.  _^ 

Apart  from  all  this  fnture  prospect,  however,  the  result  of ' 

Digitized  by  VJWVJV  IVmt 


158 


THE   OUTLOOK 


2  October 


tremendous  drive  was  to  cut  the  communications  of  the  enemy 
along  that  part  of  the  Vardar  River  running  south  from  the 
point  where  the  Serbians  reached  the  Vardar  to  the  British  lines 
north  of  Salonika.  The  inevitable  result  of  this  was  that  the 
enemy  along  this  section  of  the  Vardar  was  forced  to  flee  east- 
ward through  the  mountain  regions,  and  the  Vardar  route  was 
opened  up  tor  the  British  advance.  During  the  advance  of  the 
Serbians  the  British  were  attacking  the  enemy  north  of  Lake 
Doiran,  which  is  almost  directly  north  of  Sidonika,  and  this 
prevented  a  large  portion  of  the  Bulgarian  army  from  joining 
m  the  defense  of  the  country  along  the  Cema  Eiver. 

As  we  write  the  First  Bulgarian  Army  appear  to  be  cut  off 
from  its  oommonications  bow  north  and  south,  and  it  is  quite 
possible  that  a  large  section  of  this  force  will  be  surrounded 
and  captured.  The  number  of  prisoners  taken  by  the  Serbians 
was  estimated  on  September  24  as  12,000,  and  the  account 
was  then  far  from  complete.  Many  scores  of  guns  and  immense 
quantities  of  supplies  and  munilaons  have  be^  taken. 

Looking  at  these  brilliant  victories  from  the  large  point  of 
view  of  the  world  war  issues,  they  assuredly  indicate  the  gradual 
weakening  of  the  Central  Powers.  Thus,  if  it  had  not  been  for 
the  critiad  condition  of  the  German  armies  on  the  western 
front,  the  Turks  in  Palestine  would  undoubtedly  have  had  the 
support  of  the  German  divisions  which  have  been  withdrawn, 
and  the  same  is  true  of  the  Serbian  front.  The  gains  on  the 
two  eastern  fronts  are  of  almost  incalculable  value  in  helping 
to  put  the  Allies  in  a  position  where  both  during  the  war  and 
after  the  war  the  German  ambitions  for  eastern  domination 
can  be  checked  and  fought. 

AMBASSADOR  DAVIS 

For  the  ^people  aa  well  as  for  the  Government  of  the  United 
States  there  is  no  more  delicate,  and  therefore  no  greater,  diplo- 
matic post  than  that  of  our  Ambassador  to  England — or,  to  use 
the  official  phraaeolwy,  "Ambassador  to  the  Court  of  St. 
James's."  Its  historicu  importance  is  very  p^reat.  For  although 
we  have  been  at  peace  with  Great  Britam  for  more  than  a 
century,  during  that  period  there  have  been  some  grave  crises 
which  have  b^  savnl  from  breaking  into  open  conflict  only 
bv  the  most  able  and  tactful  diplomacy.  The  position  has  been 
fiUfMl  by  some  of  America's  foremost  statesmen.  Ambassador 
Charles  Francis  Adams,  for  example,  undoubtedly  prevented 
the  English  Government  from  declaring  itself  against  the  North 
in  the  Civil  War.  And  if  England  had  officially  sided  with  the 
C!onfederacy,  Germany  would  to^y  be  master  of  the  world. 
Some  of  the  great  names  of  American  statesmen,  writers,  law- 
yers, that  have  been  attached  to  the  office  instantly  occur  to 
the  mind  without  historical  research — John  Adams,  George 
^^incroft.  Motley,  Charles  Francis  Adams,  John  Hay,  Lowell, 
Choate. 

When,  therefore,  the  present  Ambassador,  Walter  Hines 
Page,  resigned,  the  country  was  instantly  interested  in  wonder- 
ing who  his  successor  would  be.  For  Mr.  Page,  an  accomplished 
man  of  letters,  has  carried  on  the  best  traditions  of  his  prede- 
cessors. 

The  President  has  appointed  a  man  not  generally  known  to 
the  public,  John  W.  IHivis,  of  West  Virginia,  now  Solicitor- 
General  of  the  Department  of  Justice.  Mr.  Davis  is  not  a  man 
of  letters,  but  he  is  a  lawyer  of  unusually  high  standing  among 
his  professional  brethren.  One  of  his  duties  as  Solicitor  of  the 
Department  of  Justice  is  to  ai^e  all  the  cases  for  the  Govern- 
ment that  may  come  before  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United 
States,  and  he  is  authoritatively  said  to  stand  very  high  in  the 
estimation  of  that  august  body.  He  was  formerly  member  of 
Congress  and  was  chairman  of  the  Judiciary  Committee  of  the 
House.  Thus  his  legal  training  for  his  new  international  re- 
sponsibilities is  exceptional.  ^  to  his  personal  qualities,  those 
who  know  him  speak  in  the  highest  terms.  A  prominent  mem- 
ber of  the  bar  in  the  city  of  New  York,  who  is  not  a  member 
of  Mr.  Davis's  political  party,  but  who  has  had  occasion  to 
make  a  careful  study  of  his  qualifications,  writes  about  him  in 
a  personal  letter  to  The  Outlook  as  follows : 

He  has  force  of  character  and  great  common  sense,  and  with 
it  all  a  charm  of  manner  and  speech  that  make  an  almost  irre- 
<no«^Ma  norsonality.  There  is  no  doubt  that  be  has  kept  in  close 


touch  with  all  of  oar  foreign  affwrs  ^wing  out  of  the  war.  He 
will  unquestionably  be  favorably  received  in  Great  Britain,  whose 
representatives  here,  Lord  Rending,  Lord  Northcliffe,  and  the 
British  Attorney-General,  know  Mr.  Davis  and  his  qualities.  He 
b  perfectly  able  to  bear  all  of  the  responsibilities  and  to  meet  aU 
the  requirements  of  the  ambassadorial  office,  and  is  well  fitted 
to  represent  the  interests  and  policies  of  this  country  at  this 
juncture  and  when  the  peace  conference  may  be  on. 

Mr.  Davis  is  now  in  Switzerland  on  a  special  mission  for  this 
Government,  but  he  wiU  doubtless  accept  his  appointment,  will 
of  course  be  confirmed,  and,  according  to  all  mdications,  may 
confidently  be  expected  to  fill  his  responsible  post  with  more 
than  perfunctory  satisfaction  to  both  the  oonntries  intimately 
concerned. 


VISCOUNT  MOTONO 

The  recent  death  of  Viscount  Ichiro  Motcmo  in  Japan 
ends  a  long  career  of  useful  statesmanship.  Before  he  became 
Minister  of  Foreign  Affairs  two  years  ago  he  had  repreaented 
his  country  at  Paris,  Brussels,  and  Petrograd,  and  before  that 
he  had  filled  many  minor  diplomatic  positions,  so  that  he 
has  rightly  been  caUed  a  successful  product  of  the  exoellent 
Japanese  civil  service  system  as  applied  to  diplomacy. 

It  is  interesting,  although  a  mere  coincidence,  that  Motcmo's 
death  should  be  followed  immediately  by  the  resignaticm  of 
Count  Terauchi's  Ministry,  for  the  resignation  seems  to  have 
been  caused  largely  by  the  very  question  which  caused  Mottmo's 
resignation  last  spring  as  Foreign  Minister  from  the  Cabinet 
in  which  Teraudu  was  Premier — namely,  Japan's  policy  as  to 
China.  It  is  also  reported  that  differences  as  to  Japan's  part  b 
Siberian  intervention  influenced  Terauchi's  resignation,  the 
Opposition  holding  that  Japan  should  have  acted  more  quickly 
and  with  a  larger  force.  It  may  be  remembered  by  our  readers 
that  in  the  authorized  and  notable  interview  with  Count 
Terauchi  held  by  Mr.  Gregory  Mason,  staff  correspondent  of 
The  Outlook,  and  published  in  our  issue  of  May  1  last,  Mr. 
Mason  pointed  out  that  Motono  (who  resigned  shortly  after 
this  interview)  was  more  radical  than  Terauchi  on  the  question 
of  Siberian  intervention.  This  also  was  doubtless  another  cause 
of  Motono's  resignation. 

In  connection  with  this  interview  we  may  refer  again  to  the 
letter  from  Viscount  Motono  to  The  Outlook  published  in  the 
issue  of  July  10  last.  Mr.  Mason  had  stated  that  the  interview 
had  been  submitted  to  Viscount  Motono.  As  a  matter  of  fact, 
this  was  not  done.  In  publishing  Viscount  Motono's  protest  we 
stated  our  surmise  that  the  explanation  was  simply  that  Mr. 
Mason  had  been  informed  that  the  interview  had  hoea  so  submit- 
ted or  would  be  submitted,  but  that  for  some  reason  (probably 
the  differences  of  opinion  which  led  to  Motono's  resignation)  ths 
was  not  done.  Our  surmise  is  now  confirmed  by  a  letter  from 
Mr.  Mason,  dated,  by  the  way,  "  Aboard  an  American  Sub- 
marine in  European  Waters."  Mr.  Mason  says  : 

The  statement  that  the  Foreign  Minister  had  approved  the 
interview  was  made  to  me  by  a  person  of  authority  at  the  time 
that  the  written  report  of  the  interview  in  Japanese  was  delivered 
into  my  hands  from  the  Premier.  I  reported  it  as  a  circumstance 
of  apparent  interest,  the  more  so  in  view  of  the  then  known 
opposition  of  Viscount  Motono  to  a  number  of  the  points  in  the 
careful  and  (as  many  think)  wise  policy  of  the  Premier  and 
the  then  Home  Minister,  Baron  Goto,  toward  the.question  of 
Japanese  intervention  in  Siberia. 

It  need  not  be  said  that  the  fact  that  Viscount  Motono  did 
not  see  the  Terauchi  interview  in  no  way  affects  its  unques- 
tionable authenticity.  It  has  been  eve^^here  accepted  as  an 
illuminating  presentation  of  Japanese  affairs. 


CARDINAL  FARLEY 

The  Roman  Catholic  Church  in  America  has  lost  one  d 

its  most  distinguished  and  influential  prelates  in  the  death  of 
Cardinal  Farley,  who  passed  away  on  the  evening  of  September 
17. 

He  was  bom  in  Ireland  seventy-six  years  ago  of  peasant 
stock,  like  Pope  Pius  the  Tenth.  Coming  to  this  country  as  a 
boy,  he  received  the  important  part  of  his  education  here,  afte^ 
wards  spending  four  years  at  the  American  College  in  Rome^ 


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1918 


THE    OUTLOOK 


159 


vhich  is  maintained  under  the  special  protection  of  the  Vatican 
for  the  theological  education  of  American  priests.  He  was  always 
a  patriotic  American,  and  was  a  power  in  shaping  the  attitude 
of  the  American  Catholic  Church  against  Germany  and  for  the 
Allies,  especially  in  quietly  but  effectively  opposing  the  radical 
utterances  and  actions  of  the  Sinn  Fein  element  among  the 
Irishmen  in  this  coimtry. 

Cardinal  Farley  was  not  an  orator,  but  his  genius  lay  rather 
in  the  direction  of  pastoral  and  executive  work.  Although  he 
did  not  have  the  commanding  intellectual  authority  of  Cardinal 
Gibbons  nor  the  breadth  of  interests  in  social  and  liberalizing 
movements  c^  Archbishop  Ireland,  he  had  a  unique  influence 
among  the  Roman  Catholic  clera^y,  not  merely  because  of  his 
prinoSy  position  in  the  Church,  but  because  of  his  great  tech- 
nical kiowledge  of  Soman  Catholic  theology  and  traditions, 
combined  with  a  winning  personality.  No  better  brief  character- 
ization of  this  eminent  and  influential  ecclesiastic  can  perhaps 
be  made  than  that  found  in  the  minutes  of  the  Trustees  of  St. 
Patrick's  Cathedral,  the  seat  of  his  cardinalate,  recorded  upon 
his  death.  That  characterization  reads  as  follows : 

His  piety,  wisdom,  executive   power,  grentleness,  firmness, 

human  sympathy,  and  love  of  country  were  distinguished  among 

his  many  commanding  qualities. 

HOW  TO  END  T^E  WAR 

During  the  coming  months  we  are  justified  in  expecting  the 
position  of  the  Entente  Allies  on  the  western  front  to  improve. 
But,  says  Mr.  Hoover,  the  Food  Administibtor,  who  recently 
returned  from  Europe,  there  is  no  prospect  of  a  proper  ending 
of  the  war  before  the  summer  of  1919. 

To  obtain  victory  we  must,  he  asserts,  place  in  France  no  less 
tlian  3,500,000  fighting  men  with  the  greatest mechanicalequip- 
meut  tiiat  has  ever  been  given  to  any  army.  We  have  not  only 
to  find  men,  shipping,  and  equipment,  but  our  Army,  the  Allied 
mrmies,  and  the  Allied  civil  populations  must  meanwhile  have 
food.  They  must  have  nearly  six  million  tons  of  food  more 
than  we  i^pped  to  them  in  the  past  fiscal  year.  Moreover, 
we  must  ship  this  addition  and  still  keep  a  sufficient  amount  to 
maintain  our  own  health  and  strength. 

To  ship  the  necessary  food  we  niust  rely  not  only  on  all  the 
ships  we  can  build,  but  on  all  the  ships  that  the  Allies  may 
lend  us.  And  to  lend  them  they  must  take  food  ships  from  the 
more  distant  markets  and  place  them  upon  the  shorter  run  to 
the  United  States. 

We  must  decrease  imports  of  sugar,  cofEee,  and  tropical  fruits 
for  our  own  consumption.  It  is  encouraging  to  learn  from  Mr. 
Hoover  that  apparently  we  are  going  to  Lave  sufficient  sugar  to 
maintain  present  consumption  and  to  take  care  of  the  extra 
drain  of  tne  Allies  on  us,  instead  of  compelling  them  to  send 
their  ships  to  the  Far  East. 

As  to  our  own  products,  we  must  reduce  the  consumption 
and  waste  in  breadstuffs,  beef,  pork,  poultiy,  dairy  and  vege- 
table oil  products.  Our  average  breadstun  consumption  per 
penton  is  about  six  pounds  a  week,  and  of  meats  and  fats  about 
four  pounds.  A  reduction  in  each  of  these  two  groups  of  half  a 
pound  a  week  would  accomplish  the  task  now  laid  upon  us.  And 
^re  can  do  this  when,  to  use  Mr.  Hoover's  words,  "  every  man, 
«ironian,  and  child  in  the  United  States  tests  every  action  every 
day  and  hour  by  the  one  touchstone — does  this  or  that  contrib- 
ute to  winning  the  war  ?" 

This  is  not  rationing,  a  thing  we  shall  never  have,  Mr. 
1  loover  assures  us,  if  the  people  support  the  Food  Administra- 
tion as  in  the  past.  Of  course  they  will.  This  year,  as  last  year, 
tbey  will  prove  their  character  in  assuming  individual  responsi- 
bility, ana  show  to  the  Allies  that,  as  President  Wilson  says, 
^  in  this  common  cause  we  eat  at  a  common  table." 


NITRATE  OUT  OF  THE  AIR 

The  recent  report,  now  denied,  that  preliminary  work  on  the 
Cv^ovemment's  air-nitrate  plant  at  Muscle  Shoals  was  to  be  dis- 
;>4jntinued,  calls  public  attention  again  to  the  subject. 

At  Muscle  SboalB,-in  northern  Alabama,  the  Tennessee  River 
tiju  cut  its  channel  between  high  limestone  banks  and  has  an  aver- 
age flow  of  10,000  cubic  feet  of  water  a  second.  Dams  are  to  be 


constructed.  A  deep,  narrow  lake  wiU  be  formed,  whose  force, 
when  coupled  with  other  water-power  development  nearby,  will 
total  over  half  a  million  horse-power.  There  is  a  great  deposit 
of  lime  rock  in  the  Tennessee  Valley ;  a  little  farUier  there  are 
large  deposits  of  phosphate  rock,  and  at  no  very  great  distance 
there  is  the  country's  second  greatest  source  of  coke.  With  all 
these  resources  phosphate  and  nitrates  and  their  many  combina- 
tions can  be  cheaply  produced,  thus  making  us  independent  of 
the  nitrate  deposits  of  Chile. 

Our  agricultural  interests  are  involved,  because  to  increase 
our  crop  yield  per  acre  we  need  nitrogen  fertilizer,  the  essential 
constituents  of  plant  food  for  stimulating  growth  by  artificial 
fertilizers  being  nitrc^en,  potash,  and  phosphorus. 

Of  nitrogenous  material  for  fertilizers  there  are  four  chief 
sources.  The  first  and  by  far  the  best  known  are  the  saltpeter 
beds  of  Chile.  Another  is  cottonseed  meal — this  is  a  wasteful  way 
to  use  a  valuable  foodstuff.  Still  another  is  ammonia,  in  which 
guise  nitrogen  emerges  as  a  by-product  from  the  manufacture 
of  coke — not  a  sufficiently  adequate  source.  The  fourth  is  the 
nitrogen  of  the  atmosphere — the  original  source  of  nitrogen.  It 
constitutes  four-fifths  of  the  volume  of  the  air,  and  is  therefore 
an  unlimited  source.  To  extract  this  atmospheric  nitrc^en  gas 
and  to  convert  it  into  some  usable  form  means  that  it  must  be 
"  fixed  "  or  made  available  by  a  bacteriological,  a  chemical,  or 
an  electrochemical  process.  "The  bacteriological  process  is  demon- 
strated by  nature.  When  legumes — peas,  clover, etc. — are  gfrown, 
they  form  on  their  roots  nodules  containing  bacteria,  and  the 
bacteria  have  then  power  to  change  the  nitroeen  of  the  air  into 
available  plant  food.  For  many  years  this  kmd  of  air  nitrate 
was  the  only  one  known.  The  process,  however,  is  neoeBsarily 
slow  and  involves  the  withholding  of  the  land  for  a  year  from 
the  growing  of  other  crops.  To  meet  the  increasing  demands 
for  nitrogen  fertilizer,  chemists  succeeded  in  devising  chemical 
or  electrochemical  methods  for  making  the  nitrc^en  of  the 
air  serve  for  plant  food.  To  become  available  the  nitrogen 
must  be  forced  to  enter  into  chemical  combination  with  ouier 
elements.  The  efficacy  of  such  methods  of  obtaining  nitrogen  is 
shown  by  the  -fact  that  Germany,  Austria,  Italy,  En^and, 
France,  Norway,  Sweden,  Canada,  and  Japan  have  established 
factories  for  taking  nitrogen  from  the  atmosphere. 

We  need  nitrogen  for  ammunition  also.  Every  pound  of 
ammunition  requires  nitric  acid,  from  the  propellanl^  for  the 
infantryman's  bullet  to  the  contents  of  a  shell  or  mine.  The 
explosives  now  used  are  made  by  nitrating  various  bases,  which, 
on  being  fired,  generate  gases  that  expand  with  sufficient  energ^y 
either  to  expel  the  shell  from  the  gan  or  to  cause  the  shell  to 
burst,  as  the  case  may  be. 

Air-nitrate  plants  for  ammunition  are  thus  a  Government 
necessity.  Such  plants  should  be  located  where  power  is  cheap, 
although  ultimately  scientists  expect  to  extract  nitrogen  without 
the  use  of  any  considerable  amoimt  of  power.  Our  Government 
has  obtained  such  locations  in  Alabama  and  Ohio. 

Government  air-nitrate  plants  should  deliver  us  from  de- 
pendence on  Chile — and  we  have  been  dependent  on  that  coun- 
try. Germany  knew  this  as  well  as  we  did ;  hence  the  presence 
early  in  the  war  of  German  raiders  in  the  South  Pacific.  It 
was  plainly  a  campaign  directed  against  our  nitrate  supply. 

Especially  now,  however,  when  we  need  ships,  we  should  be 
as  far  as  possible  relieved  from  the  necessity  of  using  them 
for  carrying  nitrates  from  Chile. 


MUSEUMS  AND   THE  INDUSTRIAL  ARTS 

Paris  lies  only  some  sixty  miles  behind  the  battle-line,  but 
Paris  museums  are  as  active  as  ever.  Their  temporary  closing 
at  the  beginning  of  the  war  was  to  protect  their  contents  when 
the  German  invasion  of  the  capital  seemed  imminent  and  when 
the  French  Government  itself  fletl  to  Bordeaux. 

The  French  have  never  regarded  their  art  coUections  as  fossil 
coUections,  but  as  living  organisms  having  a  direct  activity. 
Particularly  is  this  true  of  the  relation  between  the  museums 
and  the  inaustrial  arts.  Without  the  museum  in  some  form  or 
other  the  industrial  arts  factory  soon  becomes  enervated.  In 
France  the  power  of  the  museum  is  seen  not  only  in  the  stimu- 
lus afforde<l  by  its  collections,  but  also  in  the  schools  founded 
largely  through  its  influence.  Tliose  schools  may  now  have  loxt 


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THE   OUTLOOK 


most  of  their  men  stndents,  bat  the  nation  has  filled  them  with 
girls.  And  die  industrial  arts  factories  are  as  busy  as  the  need 
For  materials  will  permit.  We  are  .told  that  the  French  €roT- 
emment  is  doncemin^  itself  more  energetically  than  ever  with 
the  problems  of  industrial  education. 

If  this  is  true  of  France,  why  should  it  not  also  be  true  of 
America — not  only  because  we  are  thousands  of  miles  farther 
from  the  battle-line  and  the  danger  of  destruction,  but  espe- 
cially because  we  have  very  much  to  learn  in  the  industrial  arte  ? 
Europe  far  outdistances  us  in  national  art  types,  traditions, 
experience ;  in  the  popular  backing  of  governmental  efforte  in 
this  field  ;  in  schools,  desi^ers,  craftsmen.  While  there  is  no 
lack  of  talent  in  America  m  this  direction,  there  is  a  lack  of 
schools.  Until  these  are  more  widely  established  and  well 
equipped  the  museums  must  give  special  aervioe  towards  the 
upbuilding  of  industrial  art,  and  particularly  towards  working 
steadUy  in  the  direction  of  an  American  type  of  that  art. 

In  the  taraining  of  capable  designers  the  Metropolitan  Museum 
of  Art  in  New  York  City  announces  the  establishment  of  a  new 
department,  that  of  American  Industrial  Art.  It  is  to  be  in  the 
charge  of  Richard  F.  Bach,  Curator  of  the  School  of  Architec- 
ture at  Columbia  University,  and  formeriy  aae  of  the  editors 
of  the  "  Grood  Furniture  "  magazine.  It  will  be  Mr.  Bach's 
province  to  assist  craftemen,  designers,  and  manufacturers  in 
discoTeiing  in  the  collections  at  the  Museum  illustrative  mate- 
rial of  immediate  value  in  their  work. 

Not  one  of  the  least  values  of  this  new  school  is  that  thus 
there  will  be  established  between  the  modem  American  indos- 
trial  arte  producer  and  the  finest  industrial  arte  ooUection  in  this 
country  that  dose  contact  necessary  for  the  steady  improve- 
ment of  American  taste  as  an  asset  in  American  civilization. 


DRY  HAWAII 

The  Hawaiian  is  the  most  isolated  group  of  islands  in  the 
world.  San  Francisco,  twenty-one  hunm«d  miles  away,  is  ite 
nearest  neighbor. 

A  bondrod  years  a^  Kamehameha  I,  the  King  who  united 
the  islands  and  establuhed  the  dynasty,  summonea  the  chiefs  to 
Kailua,  where  a  huege  grass  council  house  had  been  erected, 
and  said  to  them :  "  I  command  you  every  one  to  go  home,  each 
to  his  own  district,  and  destroy  every  liquor  still  which  you  find. 
Distilling  and  drinking  liquor  are  tabu  from  this  time  forward." 
Then  he  tore  down  the  council  house  to  show  the  importance  he 
attached  to  the  occasion.  Unfortunately,  the  great  Eling  died 
within  the  year.  Had  he  lived,  the  native  atoa  and  the  rum  of  the 
trader  might  both  have  ceased  and  prohibition  have  come  to 
Hawaii  a  century  earlier  ;  1918  thus  tardily  enforces  the  1818 
edict  of  Kamehameha  I.  He  had  never  heard  of  the  Christians' 
God  (the  missionaries  came  in  1820),  but  he  saw  in  liquor  the 
downfall  of  his  race,  and  set  his  will — the  only  law  then  recog- 
nized— to  suppress  it. 

In  1840  Kins  Kamehameha  III  made  the  following  procla- 
mation to  his  chiefs : 

In  our  inquiries  as  to  the  best  means  of  promoting  the  inter- 
ests of  the  Kingdom,  it  has  appeared  to  us  that  an  increase  of  the 
production  of  food  is  of  great  importance.  .  .  .  The  present  is  a 
time  of  scarcity.  We  Uierefore  have  been  searching  for  the 
cause  of  it.  One  reason  we  ascertain  to  be  the  following :  Arti- 
cles of  food,  potatoes,  sugar-cane,  melons,  and  other  things  are 
taken  and  transformed  into  intoxicating  drinks ;  the  people 
remain  in  idleness  without  labor  in  consequence  of  their  lymg 
drunk ;  wherefore  the  land  is  grown  over  with  weeds  and  is 
impoverished. 

In  consequence  of  our  desire  to  promote  the  order  and  wel- 
fare of  the  Kingdom,  we  have  assembled  to  reflect  on  the  sub- 
ject and  now  enact  this  law :  If  any  man  take  potatoes,  sugar- 
cane, melons,  or  any  other  articles  of  food  and  transform  tkem 
into  an  intoxicating  liquor  and  drink  it,  he  shall  be  fined  one 
dollar,  and  if  he  do  the  like  again  the  fine  shall  be  two  dollars  ; 
thus  the  fine  shall  be  doubled  for  every  offense. 

The  rojrnl  statute  also  provided  the  same  punishment  for  any 
coe  who  should  give  liquor  thus  |made  to  another,  and  imposed 
similar  fines  on  any  one  who  accepted  such  liquor  and  used  it. 

This  Hawaiian  monarch,  fourscore  years  ago,  based  his 
action  on  the  same  reasons  that  are  now  being  urged :  first,  the 


direct  saving  of  food ;  and,  second,  the  increased  productioD 
through  improved  labor  conditions. 

Last  April,  by  executive  order,  the  island  of  Oahu,  contain- 
ing the  city  of  lionolula  and  the  great  military  and  naval  bases, 
went  dry. 

There  are  about  one-tenth  as  many  pure  Hawalians  iiow  aa 
there  were  when  the  white  traders  first  came.  This  people,  whid 
has  so  nearly  perished  under  the  liquor  vices  and  diseases 
brought  by  the  "  superior  race,"  now  has  a  better  chance  for  a 
to-morrow  tlum  it  has  had  for  decades  past.  Washington  is  bnt 
considering  this  summer  what  the  beet  Hawaiian  leaders  for  a 
century  have  hoped  for.  The  pressure  from  Hawaii  on  Congres 
for  the  passage  of  a  prohibitory  law  was  brought  by  the 
Ahahui  Fuuhonua  o  Na  Hawaii  (Hawaiian  Protective  A^ocia- 
tion),  the  strongest  native  organization  in  the  islands. 

As  for  the  other  races,  it  Las  been  said  that  the  Japanese— 
who  foiin  nearly  half  the  Hawaiian  population — would  not 
work  without  their  ubiquitous  sake.',  But  the  result  so  &r  of 
the  prohibitory  executive  order  has  proved  to  the  satisfactian 
of  the  three  Japanese  newspapers  in  Honolulu  that  their  peoj^ 
are  better  off  without  it. ' 

This  is  significant,  as  this  is,  so  far  as  we  know,  the  first 
prohibition  experiment  on  a  large  scale  among  the  Japanese. 

HOW  CANADA  DEALS  WITH 
MENNONITES  AND  DUKHOBORS 

After  many  months  spent  in  considering  educatioilal  oondi- 
tions  among  the  liilennonities  of  Saskatchewan  the  Departmait 
of  Education  of  the  Province  has  come  to  the  condtision  that 
the  best  way  to  induce  the  Mennonitee  to  conform  to  Canadian 
ideals  in  education  is  to  place  them  in  a  position  where  propa 
public  schools  are  at  their  doors  and  compel  them  to  send  then 
children  of  school  age  to  these  schools. 

With  this  object  m  view,  three  public  school  districts  have 
been  created  in  the  Mennonite  community  near  Swift  Current, 
where  there  are  about  seven  hundred  of  these  people,  who  own 
all  the  land  in  several  townships  and  thus  prevent  the  foms- 
tion  of  public  school  districte,  because  there  are  no  Eai^^i^ 
speaking  settlers  to  express  a  wish  for  public  schools,  lit 
Church  schools  of  the  Mennonites  are  conducted  in  the  Gemiai 
language,  the  Bible  being  the  text-book,  imd  the  teachers  haie 
no  quanfications  for  their  work  save  such  as  may  be  approved 
of  by  the  bishops  of  the  Mennonite  Church.  The  Mennonitet 
are  pacifiste,  will  have  no  dealings  with  government^  in  aoi 
way,  live  a  life  entirely  apart  from  the  other  settlers  of  tht 
country,  maintain  customs  of  middle  Europe  in  their  social 
life,  and  generally  are  perpetuating  in  their  colonies  a  standard 
of  living  as  remote  as  it  is  possible  to  imagine  to  the  ideals  of 
Anglo-Saxon  races.  Their  children,  bom  and  reared  in  this 
country,  grow  up  with  practically  no  knowledge  of  the  Engli^ 
language  and  with  no.  idea  of  what  British  standards  of  gov- 
ernment and  of  life  are. 

It  is  to  assimilate  these  people  and  to  endeavor  to  teach  them 
to  be  Canadians  that  Mr.  Martin,  Premier  of  the  Province,  and 
Minister  of  Education,  has  decided  to  take  drastic  action.  Gr«i- 
erally  public  school  district  supporters  elect  their  own  trustees, 
but  in  the  case  of  the  three  new  school  districte  an  official  of  the 
Department  of  Education,  for  the  first  time  in  the  history  <i 
the  Province,  has  been  appointed  official  trustee.  His  duty  will 
be  t6  see  that  three  sc-hool  buildings,  to  be  models  of  their  kind, 
are  erected,  that  suitable  teachers  are  secured,  and  that  the 
Compulsory  School  Attendance  Act  is  administered  without 
fear  or  i&vor.  The  attendance  of  some  children  has  been  assured 
but  there  will  be  difficulties  in  the  way  of  getting  a  proper 
general  attendance,  because  many  of  the  Mennonite  parente  will 
suffer  imprisonment  rather  than  allow  their  children  to  go  to 
the  public  schools.  Fear  of  their  Church  is  the  cause,  as  ^j 
are  threatened  with  excommunication  if  they  oppoae  their 
prieste. 

The  present  step  is  the  first  in  a  policy  of  bringing^  to  tibe 
Mennonites  throughout  Saskatchewan  the  advantages  of  aa 
etlucation  in  the  English  language. 

The  Dominion  Government,  upon  representations  by  tbe 
Great  War  Veterans'  Association,  has  also  acted  to  enconraf« 
occupation  of  Dukhobor  lands.  There  are  two  groups  of  thew 


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CARTOONS      OF      THE     WEEK 


Kirby  in  tht  New  York  World 


■WILBOir   SAID  'NO!'   TOUR  MAJESTY   ' 


AUSTRIA'S  "PEACE"  PLAN   REJECTED 


KHtfn  in  the  \etr  York-  Evernmj  World 


APPLIKM  TO  BOTH  I 


"  While  Congress  did  not.  pass  the  pro{>ae«d  '  work  or  fiefat '  lunendraent  t«  tlie 
Draft  Bill,  it  is  clear  that  the  PrentdeDt  ,  .  ,  is  determinea  to  enforce  its  principle 
in  dealing  with  strikers  or  employers." — The  Outlook^  Sept,  25. 


Fitzpatrick  in  the  St.  Louis  Post  Dispatch 


Harrison  in  London  Opinion 


Priaoner:  "Three  years  !  Lumme  !  I  only  got  six  months  btrsttiniH  !" 
Judge  :   *'  Ah  !  but  everything's  ^ne  up  since  the  war  I'* 

Hemslry  in  tht  fktssrng  Show  (  hondon  ) 


^^iMAYHE*'^'^ 


Iral*  Miiiiupcr  of  Picture  I'aliU'c  (to  Owrator) :  "  I>o  vou  know  what 
you've  dune,  you  idiot?  Von've  put  on  the  '  Air-Iiaid  Warning"  iuHtead 
of  the  ■  Interval '  1" 


RUSSIA    HAS  ONLY   KXCHAXfiEI)  TYKANTS 


London  tuoving  picture  houses  warn  their  patrons  of  an  air  raid  by  a 

tilacan)  thrown  on  the  screen.] 


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162 


THE   OUTLOOK 


2  Octobr 


people  whom  the  Veterans  regard  as  pacifists  and  not  entitled 
to  encouragement  by  the  Government.  One  community  num- 
bers about  seven  hundred  souls,  and  the  other  about  five  him- 
dred.  The  Government  has  decided  that  those  in  the  first 
gi-oup  may  purchase  land  in  their  former  reserves  to  the 
extent  of  fifteen  acres  per  person  at  $10  an  acre,  and  that  title 
shall  be  taken  by  the  head  of  the  family  in  each  case.  The 
smaller  group,  known  as  the  Independent  Community,  may,  in 
lieu  of  purchasing  their  allotments,  bbtain  homesteads  on  avail- 
able lands  in  the  reserve.  Dukhobors  who  purchase  land  in 
the  reserve  lose  their  homestead  rights.  All  available  lands 
after  the  claims  of  the  Dukhobors  have  been  settled  will  be 
reserved  for  soldier  settlement. 

Measures  like  these  should  lead  these  two  singfular  p^ples 
toward  loyal  and  intelligent  Canadian  citizenship. 

POOLING  THE  ALLIES'   RESOURCES 

Perhaps  the  most  important  thiqg  done  in  the  war  nas 
Iteen  the  unified  command  of  the  Allied  armies.  Its  advantages 
are  daily  more  evident. 

We  should  have  a  similar  command  in  the  domain  of 
economics  and  finance.  To  win  the  war  we  need  a  complete 
})ooling  of  all  resources.  It  would  mean  that  the  Allies'  eco- 
nomic and  financial  resources  would  be  placed  on  more  equal 
terms. 

This  has  been  emphasized  by  the  recent  press  despatches 
reporting  another  appeal  from  Italy  that  an  inter- Allied  reserve 
or  clearing  organization  be  established  to  solve  the  war's  prob- 
lems. We  are  not  surprised.  To  carry  on  the  war  Italy  has  not 
only  to  depend  for  indispensable  commodities,  such  as  coal, 
iron,  and  money,  on  her  already  hard-pressed  allies,  but  also 
has  lost  her  best  customers,  namely,  Germany  and  Austria,  for 
hier  products. 

The  Italian  front  presents  possibilities  of  great  importance 
to  the  Allies'  cause.  The  Italian  offensive  on  the  Carso,  facing 
obstacles  unsurpassed  elsewhere,  should,  if  properly  followed  up, 
have  brought  Austria  to  her  knees ;  but  last  autumn  came  a 
reverse,  not  more  because  of  the  superior  number  of  Austro- 
German  troops  that  were  withdrawn  from  the  Russian  front  than 
because  of  disaffection  among  certain  Italian  re^^ments,  in- 
spired by  German  propagandists,  who  made  capital  out  of 
Italy's  famine,  her  lack  of  munitions,  and  the  AUies'  apparent 
indifference. 

Then  indeed  the  Allies  awoke.  America  requisitioned  ships 
fl»r  the  prompt  despatch  to  Italy  of  food,  coal,  and  munitions, 
Kid  now  we  have  also  sent  some  troops.  The  result  was  that  the 
Italian  army  redeemed  its  reputation  by  a  brilliant  and  success- 
fed  counter-offensive. 

At  the  earliest  possible  date  this  should  be  taken  advantage 
of  for  an  invasion  of  Austria,  thus  bringing  under  Allied  arms 
the  discontented  peoples  in  Austria-Hungary. 

Italy  has  about  four  million  soldiers.  Some  of  them  have  also 
shown  their  worth  near  Rheims  and  in  Albania.  If  given  ade- 
quate economic  and  military  assistance,  Italy's  latest  successes 
snonld  stimulate  her  to  even  greater  efforts. 

It  is  therefore  encouraging  to  know  that  arrangements  have 
been  made  here  to  stabilize  the  Italian  exchange  rate.  But  there 
shoidd  be  concerted  arrangements.  The  great  increase  in  the 
rate  means  that  Italy  has  Imd  to  pay  an  enormous  premium  for 
her  imports.  Thus  she  has  had  more  to  raise  by  taxation. 

The  loons  made  by  the  American  Government  to  Italy 
have  been  exclusively  used  to  pay  for  the  military  supplies 
of  the  Italian  Government.  But  the  Italian  factories  and 
importers  have  to  pay  for  essential  imports  into  Italy  from 
America  (raw  cotton,  leather,  shoes,  took,  for  instance)  at  the 
current  rate  of  9.15  lire  per  dollar,  as  against  5.18  before  the 
war,  or  an  increase  in  the  cost  of  importing  American  products 
of  nearly  eighty  per  cent,  compared  with  only  about  ten  per 
cent  for  France  and  two  per  cent  for  Great  Britain. 

With  proper  assistance,  Italy's  possibilities  for  new  indiu- 
tries,  especially  those  depending  on  hydroelectric  power,  in 
which  she  is  rich,  should  quickly  restore  her  financial  equilib- 
rium. To  show  ItJJy's  manufacturing  importance,  we  have  only 
to  add  that  in  the  manufacture  and  export  of  automobiles  and 
war  trucks  Italy  is  exceeded  only  by  the  United  States. 


THE    LUSITANIA    TEST 


Washington 
for  the  papw 

of  whom  bear 
uted  to  be  s 

y  inoompatibl^ 


TIERE  is  a  good  deal  of  discussion  in  the  air  jnst  nov  a> 
to  what  newspapers  and  what  political  candidates  :iit 
thoroughly  anti-German  and  pro-Ally.  One  simple  t<>i 
can  easily  be  applietl  in  each  doubtf  lU  case  which  will  settle  h 
instanter.  Any  man,  whatever  his  nationality,  who  did  Dot 
spring  to  his  feet  when  the  news  of  the  sinking  of  the  Lasi- 
tania  was  received  and  instinctively  denounce  it  as  an  act  if. 
barbaric  and  piratical  cruelty  was  at  that  time  in  his  bean 
pro-German,  and  cannot  complain  if  he  is  still  held  suspect  n« 
matter  what  hb  words  and  deeds  may  have  been  since  thi> 
country  went  into  the  war. 

It  is  interesting  to  apply  this  test  in  the  case  of  two  promi 
nent  American  journalists  who  have  recentiy  been  at  the  bar  «f 
public  opinion.  The  first  is  Mr.  Arthur  Brisbane,  an  emplovn- 
•  of  Mr.  Hearst.  He  is  the  editor  of  the  New  York  "  Evening 
Journal "  and  of  the  Chicago  "  Herald  and  Examiner."  iui<l 
receives  from  Mr.  Hearst  a  larger  salary  than  is  paid  to  any  otbn 
editor  in  the  world.  He  recently  bought  the  Washington  (D.  (."  • 
"  Times,"  and  is  editing  that  journal  also.  Mr.  A.  Mitclu-i> 
Palmer,  the  Federal  custodian  of  alien  property,  recently  dedarci 
in  public  that  he  had  collected  evidence  that  an  important  dul;. 
newspaper  had  lately  been  purchased  with  money  supplied  b) 
a  syndicate  of  German-American  brewers,  the  inference  beini: 
that  this  paper  was  therefore  under  the  pro-German  and  pro 
liquor  influence  of  this  syndicate.  Partly,  perhaps,  through  Utir 
pressure  of  unavoidable  evidence,  and  partly  goaded  by  a  ooft 
temporary,  the  Washingfton  (D.  C.)  "  Heraldic  Mr.  Brisbuk 
has  admitted  in  the  columns  of  his  paper,i 
"  Times,"  that  a  large  part  of  the  money  he 
was  loaned  to  him  by  a^  group  of  brewers, 
German  names.  Mr.  Brisbane  is  commonly 
brilliant  man,  but,  with  a  fatuity  which  is  w° 
with  this  reputation,  he  endeavored  to  mitigatPttis  position  in 
asserting  that  the  publisher  of  the  Washington  "  Herald,"  llr. 
C.  T.  Brainard,  is  under  the  control  of  mx.  J.  Pierpont  Mor 
gan,  the  head  of  the  great  New  York  banking  firm,  his  logi 
being  that,  as  Mr.  Brainard  is  president  of  Messrs.  Harper  tV 
Brothers,  one  of  the  oldest  book-publishing  houses  in  the  U nit«vl 
States,  and  that  as  Mr.  Mor^^an  is  alleged  to  control  Messrs. 
Harper  &  Brothers  through  his  ownership  of  the  securities  *>f 
that  firm,  Mr.  Brainard  must  necessarily  "  wear  Mr.  Morgan'' 
collar."  Therefore: 

If  I  have  any  further  reply  to  make  to  Mr.  Brainard,  I  will 
make  it  to  Mr.  Morgan,  who  owns  Mr.  Brainard,  or  to  Mr.  H.  P. 
Davison,  who  manages  Mr.  Morgan. 

This  tu  quoqve  method  of  arguing  is  a  favorite  refuge  d 
journalists  of  the  New  York  "  American  "  school.  "  Yes,"  surii* 
man  says,  "  these  are  serious  charges  you  bring  against  me.  Iwt 
you  oughtn't  to  pay  any  attention  to  them,  because  you  must  tii 
your  minds  on  the  crimes  of  the  '  money-bund '  and.  the  bloatf^ 
bondholders."  Preposterous  as  such  camouflage  is,  it  has  be«s 
known  to  work  in  the  past,  but  there  are  indications  that  evH) 
the  Hearst  readers  are  getting  a  little  tired  of  it.  At  all  eventv 
Mr.  Morgan  punctured  the  argument  with  one  stroke  of  > 
good  humored  pen.   He  telegraphed  Mr.  Brainard  as  follows : 
I  notice  Mr.  Brisbane's  statement  that  he  will  make   farther 
answers  either  to  "  Mr.  Morgan,  who  owns  Mr.  Brainard,  or  to 
Mr.  Davison,  who  manages  Air.  Morgan." 

I  regret  that  I  do  not  own  yon,  as  I  should  think  you  woald 
be  an  excellent  pro{>erty,  but,  in  order  to  prevent  any  embarraa*- 
ment  on  the  part  of  Mr.  Brisbane,  I  hereby  specifically  empower 
you  to  receive  for  me  any  answers  he  may  wish  to  g^ve  me. 

Mr.  Davison  having,  at  the  request  of  the  President,  given  up 
his  job  of  managing  me  in  order  to  manage  the  American  Red 
Cross,  which  he  seems  to  be  doing  to  the  satisfaction  of  ererv 
one,  is  at  the  moment  abroad,  but  i  have  power  to  act  for  him : 
under  that  power  I  hereby  authorize  you  to  receive  any  commn- 
nication  from  Mr.  Brisbane  for  him  also. 

Whereupon  Mr.  Brisbane  abandoned  this  line  of  defend 
and  issueil  a  statement  in  which  he  said  : 

I  do  not  think  there  is  any  paper  in  the  United  States  or  ao) 
editor  in  the  United  8tat«s  who  nas  been  as  bitterly,  as  violentlr. 
and  as  persistently  pro- Ally  and  anti-German  as  I  have  been. 

Let   us   apply   the    Lusitania  test  to  this   statement.   Mr. 
Brisbane  is  nominally  the  e<litor  of  the  New  York  '*  E%'enire 

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THE   OUTLOOK 


163 


'ouroal,"  but. be  if  ia  i^  Mr.  Hearst's  dose  associate  and 
lartiier  in  all  his  journalistic  enterprises,  and  morally,  if  not 
ei'hnically,  is  particepa  criminis  or  particeps  landis  vrith  Mr. 
learst  in  all  his  pubbc  acts.  In  the  5few  York  "  American  "  of 
'une  6, 1915,  Mr.  Hearst  published  an  editorial  signed  by  him- 
elf  in  which  he  said : 

Whether  it  [the  Lusitania]  was  amied  or  not,  it  was  properly 

a  spoil   of  war,   subject  to  attack  and  destruction  under   the 

accepted  rules  of  so-called  civilized  warfare. 

All  the  evidence  points  to  Mr.  Brisbane's  acceptance  of  this 
old-blooded  statement.  No  amount  of  patriotic  jargon  uttered 
ly  him  since  the  United  States  declared  war  on  Germany  can 
dpe  out  this  stain. 

The  other  New  York  journalist  who  is  very  much  disturbed 
>y  aspersions  which  have  been  cast  upon  his  loyalty  is  Oswald 
Jramson  Villard,  until  very  recently  president  of  the  New 
Tork  "  Evening  Post,"  and  now  president  and  editor  of  the 
Jew  York  "  Nation."  Mr.  Villard  is  a  grandson  of  the  great 
Lmeriean  abolitionist  William  Lloyd  Garrison,  but  his  father, 
lenry  Villard,  was  a  German.  The  "  Nation  "  of  September  21, 
rhich,  by  the  way,  approves  the  Austrian  peace  note  and 
dshes  that  the  President  had  accepted  it,  informs  its  readers 
liat"  last  week's  issue  of  the  '  Nation  '  is  detained  by  the  Post 
Mioe  Department,  which  is  questioning,  amobg  other  things, 
lie  propriety  of  an  editorial  article  entitled  '  The  One  Thing 
ree«lful,'  chiefly  a  criticism  of  Samuel  Gompers's  mission 
broad." 
With  reference  to  this  detention.  Judge  William  H.  Lamar, 
olicitor  of  the  Post  Office  Department,  issued  a  statement  to 
be  newspapers  in  which  he  said : 

The  Department  is  in  receipt  of  a  telegram  from  one  of  the 
leading  New  York  daily  papers,  the  substance  of  which  is  as 
follows: 

"  In  handling  such  news  as  the  speech  by  John  Reed,  for  which 
he  was  arrested  the  next  day,  or  that  of  Debs  some  weeks  ago, 
or  that  of  Scott  Nearing's  recurring  offenses,  or  the  anti-war 
utterances  of  the  Socialist  party,  or  of  German  propaganda  still 
rirculsting  in  library  books,  or  of  the  '  Nation '  being  barred 
from  the  mails,  there  arises  this  problem  :  How  shall  we  g^ve 
the  news  of  disloyalty  without  giving  still  farther  circulation  to 
the  trords  of  sedition  in  our  campaign  against  enemies  wiUiin  ?" 
Although  it  was  necessary  to  reproduce  examples  of  sedition 
literally  in  order  to  make  loyal  people  a'vare  of  the  arts  of  dis- 
loyalty and  reconcile  public  sentiment  to  restrunts  upon  free 
speech  in  war  time,  our  feeling  is  that  the  necessity  has  passed, 
'riierefore  we  believe  tliat  in  future  it  will  be  better  to  avoid 
literal  treatment  of  seditious  utterances  and  simply  say  in  such 
cases  as  Reed  and  Nearing  and  the  "  Nation  "  that  they  attacked 
oar  allies,  or  denounced  the  draft,  or  disparaged  the  war,  adding 
at  the  end  a  foot-note  that  the  text  of  Uie  matter  has  been  for- 
nvarded  to  the  Government  authorities. 

The  Postmaster-General  coincides  with  the  view  expressed  in 
the  foregoing  telegram,  and  suggests  that  it  will  be  in  the  inter- 
est of  the  country  at  the  present  time  for  publishers  generally  to 
pursue  the  course  suggested. 

In  response  Mr.  Villard  sent  a  telegram  containing  the  fol- 
iwing  assertions :  ''  No  seditious  or  treasonable  utterance  has 
rer  appeared  in  the  '  Nation  '  or  ever  will.  I  resent  the  base 
l>el  on  me  personally." 

I^t  us  apply  the  Lusitania  test  in  this  case.  In  the  New 
ork  "  Evening  Post "  of  May  10, 1915,  of  which  Mr.  Villard 
at*  at  that  time  the  controlling  owner,  there  appeared  on  the 
rut  page  a  despatch  from  Washington  regarding  the  destruo- 
on  uf  the  Lusitania,  signed  by  Mr.  Villard  himself.  In  that 
Atpatch  he  made  this  statement : 

Had  the  submarine  ^ven  thirty  minutes'  warning  to  the  crew 
and  passengers  of  the  Cunarder,  the  exploit  would  have  eone 
flown  in  history  as  one  of  the  most  brilliant  in  the  annals  of 
naval  warfare. 

We  repeat  what  we  said  at  the  beginning  of  this  artide. 
very  man  who  did  not  spring  to  his  feet  in  protest  a^inst 
i(>  unwarned  and  cruel  drowning  of  the  women  and  children 
1  the  Lusitania  was  at  heart  pro-German  and  cannot  complain 

he  18  forever  suspect.  The  instinctive  protest  ma«le  at  the 
me  by  every  right-minded  American  has  been  confirmed  by 
nMtit*  Julius  Mayer,  of  the  Federal  District  C<mrt  of  New 
ork,  who  recently  legally  defined  the  sinking  of  the  Lusitania 

ail  act  of  piracy,  and  said  as  his  deliberate  legal  judgment 


that  "the  United  States  of  America  and  her 'allies  will  well 
remember  the  rights  of  those  affected  by  the  sinking  of  the 
Lusitania,  and,  when  the  time  shall  come,  wUl  see  to  it  that 
reparation  shall  be  made  for  one  of  the  most  indefensible  acts 
of  modem  times." 


THE   VANDAL   OF    EUROPE' 

At  the  outbreak  of  the  European  war  Herr  Wilhelm  Miihlon 
represented  the  German  Government  in  the  directorate  of 
the  Krupp  Iron  Works.  He  was  not  in  sympathy  with  the 
war  party,  and  endeavored  to  get  release  from  his  anomalous 
position.  It  took  several  montb  to  obtain  his  freedom.  During 
that  time  he  kept  a  diaiy.  The  earliest  date  is  "  the  first  dajrs 
of  August,  1914 ;"  the  last  date  is  November  14  of  that  year. 
This  diary  is  now  published,  with  a  preface  Iw  him  and 
an  Introduction  by  the  English  translator,  Mr.  William  L. 
McPherson.  It  bears  the  title  "  The  Vandal  of  Europe."  It  is 
a  portrait  of  the  German  people  painted  by  a  German  high  in 
official  circles,  and  apparently  not  originally  intended  for  pub- 
lication. Making  full  allowance  for  the  fact  that  Herr  Miinlon 
is  an  old-time  German  and  has  no  sympathy  with  modem  Ger- 
many, that  he  is  as  pessimistic  about  the  Germany  of  to-day  as 
a  Jeffersonian  Democrat  in  the  United  States  might  be  about 
modem  Socialistic  democracy,  and  that  his  book  wiU  probably 
be  regarded  by  his  critics  as  a  partisan  defense  of  his  resigna- 
tion from  a  quasi-military  post  at  the  outbceak  of  the  war,  it, 
is  nevertheless,  not  only  m  its  estimates  of  character  but  also 
in  its  statements  of  facts,  one  of  the  most  important  books  which 
the  war  has  produced.  Remembering  that  it  was  all  written 
before  December  1,  1914,  it  affords  an  extraordinary  con- 
firmation of  the  judgments  of  the  German  nation  which  the  war 
has  compelled  Americans  reluctantly  to  adopt.  Our  object  in 
this  article  is  to  give  our  readers  as  full  a  report  of  this  book 
as  is  practicable  m  the  limited  space  which  we  can  allot  to  it. 

No  nation  is  free  from  national  self-conceit.  The  German 
self-conceit  is  colossal.  Herr  Miihlon  is  under  no  illusion 
respecting  the  estimation,  even  before  the  outbreak  of  this  war, 
in  which  the  German  people  were  held  by  other  peoples :  i 

Germany  had  become  rich  and  powerful  in  a  material  sense, 
but  foreign  distaste  for  everytliing  German  had  increased^to  an 
almost  incredible  extent.  In  the  European  community  Germans 
were  considered  as  an  alien  mass  which  eventually  must  be 
broken  up  and  absorbed.  The  outside  world  found  Germans 
brutal  when  they  pursued  politics  ;  hard-hearted  where  they  were 
masters ;  unscrupulous  when  titey  conducted  business  ;  dull  and 
ossified  when  they  taught ;  awkwanl  and  unpolished  wherever  they 
appeared ;  without  taste  when  they  bouglit ;  ridiculous  when  they 
wanted  to  appear  distinguished  ;  cowardly  when  it  came  to  indi- 
vidual convictions  ;  not  to  be  depended  upon  when  tliey  should 
stand  fast ;  servile  when  they  wished  to  learn  ;  unjust  when  they 
passed  judgments  on  anything  foreign.  They  were  considered 
pests,  and  the  richest  and  most  liigh-placed  among  them  excited 
the  greatest  aversion.  The  simple  German  of  the  so-called  "  old 
stock  "  had  been  tolerated  by  the  outside  world  because  he  never 
rubbed  it  tiie  wrong  way. 

Germans  to  the  last  man  had  a  sense  of  all  this,  even  if  they 
never  got  beyond  their  own  boundaries.  They  knew  that  the 
German,  as  such,  was  unpopular  all  over  the  world,  that  people 
avoided  him  or  held  their  noses  in  his  presence. 

This  is  Herr  Miihlon 's  report  of  what  other  people  in  August, 
1914,  thought  of  the  Germans.  That  he  largely  shares  in  their 
estimate  is  dear,  not  only  from  the  context  of  this  passage,  but 
from  his  own  definite  statements  in  other  parts  of  his  book.  For 
example : 

I  have  a  Uvely  recollection  from  tlie  days  of  luy  youth  of  the 
fat,  rough  German  bourgeoisie  of  German  cities.  They  sat 
gladly  and  freauently  in  their  favorite  drinking  places,  convert<e<l 
noisily  and  selt-importantly  about  all  sorts  of  trifles,  drank  and 
ate  heavily,  an<l  considered  themselves  the  most  perfect  of  all 

>  Th  Vaodal  of  Europe.  By  WUhelm  MUhlon.  Tnuulated  by  William  L. 
MrPhenon.  O.  P.  Piitnuu'H  Soiu.  New  York.  91..V). 

The  Qailt  of  Oennany  for  the  War  of  G<>mian  AKEremioa,  beingr  IMnre  Karl 
Liohnowsky's  Memonuidum.  Togpther  with  Forpifcn  Minister  von  Jagow'*  Reply. 
Introduction  by  Viooount  Bryce.  G.  P.  I'utoam'ii  Soiu,  New  York.  Ileprint<Ml 
from  the  New  York  "Times."  T.'Vo. 

Herr  Miihlon  and  Connt  Lichnowsky  a^ree  in  their  testimony  to  the  fact  that 
Austria  and  Germany  nnited  in  brinKing  on  thia  war  with  the  approval  of  ilio 
German  Kaiaer.  Tliat  testimony  has  already  been  treated  at  some  lenxth  in  The 
Outlook ;  it  is  not  necessary  to  repeat  it  here. 


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164 


THE  OUTLOOK 


men,  while  their  wives  were  boaied  at  home  with  the  children, 
worked  their  heads  off,  and  never  thoaght  of  the  possibility  that 
their  husbands  would  take  them  along  to  these  entertainments 
or  even  eive  them  a  friendly  word.  Veiy  similarly  the  new  Ger- 
many, whose  business  was  going  well,  feasted  together  and  shouted 
out  all  sorts  of  rude,  arrogant,  and  eccentric  things  across  the 
tables  and  out  of  the  windows,  without  feeling  that  they  would 
better  first  perform  their  urgent  duties  at  home,  before  they 
allowed  themselves  such  license ;  that  the^  should  first  help  the 
common  people  to  rise  out  of  brutality,  misery,  and  ignorance  to 
a  level  more  worthy  of  human  beings  before  they  allowed  them- 
selves to  pose  to  the  outside  world  as  great  men. 

Neither  in  peace  nor  in  war,  in  the  schools  nor  in  the  bar> 
racks,  is  Germany  attempting  to  give  any  such  help  to  the  com- 
mon people  to  rise  out  of  brutalityj  misery,  and  ignorance.  Herr 
Miihion  describes  meetin|f  on  a  train  six  "  poor  devils  "  return- 
ing from  the  war,  frankly  confessing  their  weariness  of  war  and 
their  delight  to  have  an  escape  from  it,  but  ready  to  brag  of 
their  successful  looting.  His  comment  is:  "Whatever  these 
six  men  may  have  4o°^«  ^^y  &i^  ^ot  to  blame.  They  did  not 
know  any  better,  they  do  not  understand  the  limits  of  their 
riehts  and  duties.  Who  was  there  to  teach  them  ?  At  home,  in 
school,  in  the  barracks,  in  their  vocations,  therfi  was  no  one  to 
take  the  trouble  of  raising  the  man  within  them  to  a  higher, 
frtier  level.   They  received  orders,  and  they  obeyed." 

Blind  obedience  is  the  only  virtue,  if  blind  obedience  is  a 
virtue,  which  Grermany  teaches  its  pupils.  The  result  of  such 
.teaching  in  the  nation  is  "  a  good-natured  people,  bom  to  blind 
obedience  and  humble  willingness  to  let  others  do  their  thinking 
for  them."  It  is  impossible  to  convince  them  that "  what  is  lack- 
ing in  moral  superiority  cannot  be  replaced  by  force."  They 
have  no  faith  in  moral  power.  "  They  do  not  believe,  in  &ot, 
that  they  will  win  throi^  bravery,  strength,  skill,  or  any  other 
special  moral  quality.  They  are  satisfied  as  soon  as  they  may 
hope  to  have  superior  numbers.  ...  It  does  not  occur  to 
them  to  be  ashamed  of  their  great  superiority  in  numbers  when 
they  use  it  to  crush  a  weak  opponent  like  Bel^um.  .  .  .  They 
are  like  barbarians,  who  become  intoxicated  with  victory,  even 
if  it  has  been  achieved  at  the  expense  of  defenseless  opponents." 

This  ignorance  of  and  indifference  to  the  moral  law  and 
moral  forces  iruns  throughout  German  society  from  the  top  to 
the  bottom.  The  report  of  German  atrocities  in  Belgium  and 
northern  France  Herr  Miihion  confirms  on  statements  made  to 
him  by  German  officers.  "  Our  soldiers,"  he  writes,  "  have  lost 
all  conception  of  what  is  allowable  in  war  and  what  is  not." 
The  complaint  is  made  by  their  own  officers  that  "  the  soldiers 
are  no  longer  to  be  held  back  and  that  they  plunder  and  bum 
without  any  excuse  for  doing  so."  Not  only  the  common  people, 
not  only  the  newspaper  press,  but  those  attached  to  the  military 
administration  and  in  the  highest  positions,  are  ignorant  of 
international  law.  A  German  teacher  of  international  law  told 
him  of  "  a  number  of  cases  on  which  he  was  en^^ed  in  which 
newspapers  and  military  officers  had  committed  the  most 
narrow-minded  and  dangerous  blunders  in  interpreting  inter- 
national law." 

Equally  indifferent  to  those  elemental  moral  obligations  which 
underlie  mtemational  law  are  most  of  the  commercial  leaders 
of  Germany.  Herr  Miihion  reports  a  conversation  with  one  of 
these  leaders  over  the  distribution  of  the  booty  after  the  war. 
"  It  occurred  in  a  most  intimate  circle  of  the  most  distinguished 
Iron  and  Steel  '  Kobber  Barons.'  I  still  quiver  with  shame. 
These  modem  German  industrials  are  nauseating."  "  One  gen- 
tleman argued  very  earnestly  " — let  the  reader  remember  that 
this  was  in  the  fall  of  1914 — "  that  Germany  should  immediately 
annex  Belgium,  .  .  .  in  order  that  the  Belgian  problem  should  be 
excluded  entirely  from  future  peaoe  negotiations."  He  reports 
another  conversation  "  with  one  of  our  best-known  financiers, 
.  .  .  the  &cBt  responsible  German  I  have  met  who  wants  to 
treat  France  leniently.  .  .  .  From  France  he  wanted  '  only '  a 
few  important  frontier  districts,  such  a»  Longwy  and  Briey, 
because  of  their  iron  deposits."  He  believed  that  it  would  be 
possible  to  satisfy  France  byjgiving  to  her  in  return  the  greatest 
part  of  Belgium,  including  Brussels  and  Ostend,  retaining  for 
Germany  only  Liege  and  Antwerp.  He  thought  that  "  only  a 
little  skulful  diplomatic  work  would  be  needm  as  soon  as  im- 
pending operations  on  the  western  front  should  produce  another 
unpres"' —  ^ ">n  victory."    This   is   what  Hertling   meant 


by  "  We  hold  Belgiiun  as  a  pawn."  Hrar  Miihkm  thinkB  betts 
of  France.  "  France  is  no  traitor,  like  Germany ;  her  convir> 
tions  are  not  for  sale."  Other  "  Robber  Barons  "  were  lest 
considerate  towards  France.  "  Serious  and  influeutaal  men  said 
to-day,  in  my  presence,  that  the  German  Empire  most  anna 
the  whole  country,  from  Calais  to  Marseilles."  Still  others  pro- 
posed a  war  indemnity  to  be  paid,  not  in  drafts,  "  bat  in  mer- 
diandise,  real  estate,  and  mineral  deposits,  which  are  worth 
much  more  to  us.  In  this  way  the  really  important  result  would 
be  obtained  that,  just  as  in  Belgium,  no  powerful  iron  industry 
should  ever  be  able  to  develop  anun  in  France."  Nor  were  Ihej 
waiting  for  the  end  of  the  war.  In  1914  "  these  gentlemen  hail 
already  taken  steps  with  the  Imperial  Chancellor  to  have  as 
industrial  expert  attached  to  the  German  Government  in 
Belgium  who  should  inspect  all  industrial  establishments  am! 
inquire  into  all  industrial  values  in  Belgium  and  note  what 
Germany  could  use  for  herself." 

How  little  the  Church  and  the  ministry  have  done  to  educate 
the  oonscienoe  and  to  emphasize  the  obligation  of  the  mor^  lav 
is  indicated  by  a  single  quotation  made  t>y  Herr  Miihion  fron 
an  article  by  "  the  well-known  Pastor  Tranb,"  who,  speaking  en 
the  invasion  of  Belgium,  said,  "  with  a  boisteronsness  character- 
istic of  the  Prussian  Protestant  type :  '  Whoever  wishes  to  criti- 
cise this  step  is  a  traitor.'  The  fact  that  the  Imperial  Chaoo^ 
lor  has  confessed  our  wrong  makes  it  a  right."  We  are  &jnili]ir 
with  the  German  doctrine  that  whatever  tiie  state  declares  to  be 
right  is  right.  But  the  doctrine  that  whatever  the  state  ccc- 
f  esses  to  be  wrong  is  thereby  made  right  has  at  least  the  merit 
of  orig^ality. 

Nor  can  any  moral  influence  be  hoped  for  from  the  preB. 
There  is  in  Germany  neither  freedom  for  the  press  nor  individ- 
ualism in  the  press.  "  After  the  war  we  must  create  a  new  piew. 
The  press  of  to-day  is  a  hideous  leper.  .  .  .  One  must  avoid  nuuiT 
columns  of  their  contents  as  he  avoids  mud  puddles."  Its  edi- 
tors are  not  men  whose  words  carry  any  weight.  They  belong 
to  three  classes.  "They  consist,  first,  of  disgustingly  stupid 
officers  on  the  retired  list,  who,  even  in  time  of  war,  ate  not 
available  as  soldiers  ;  secondly,  of  worthy  pastors,  who,  witliu 
icy  soul  and  a  good-natured  smile,  trumpet  forth  every  base 
deed  as  a  manifestation  of  German  Protestant  heroism ;  and. 
thirdly  (the  worst  of  all),  of  numerous  modem  university  pi» 
fessors,  who,  overladen  with  titles  and  distinctions,  swinmuDg 
with  every  patriotic  current,  are  either  mercenaries  or  booad- 
ers,  and  who,  outside  the  field  of  their  own  specialties,  are  se^ 
ing,  not  clearness  and  truth,  but  only  temporary  notoriety." 

The  German  people  were  in  1914  practically  unanimous  in 
their  support  of  the  war,  but  this  unity  was,  if  not  more  aprarent 
tluui  r^Q,  at  least  more  superficial  than  subetantiaL  Peopk 
favored  the  war  for  different  reasons :  the  Emperor  and  tbr 
war  party  hoped  to  realize  their  dream  of  pan-Germanism  ;  the 
commercial  magnates  hoped  to  enrich  their  country  and  gaio 
new  opportunities  for  making  money  by  possessing  the  resouros 
of  other  lands ;  the  Socialists  hoped  that  "  the  failure  of  the 
Government  might  definitely  condemn  it,  while  success  miglit 
bring  to  the  German  masses  new  life  and  prc^^ss ;"  the  Gw- 
man  proletariat  said  to  itself,  "  We  couldn't  have  gone  on  like 
this  much  further ;  clarity  must  come ;  the  burden  must  W 
shaken  off."  But  even  in  1914  Herr  Miihion  anticipated  that 
disaster  might  bitterly  affect  this  superficial  unity,  which  wa; 
due  to  the  fact  that  Germany  was  under  military  law. 

"  Nobody  dares  to  risk  liberty  and  life  in  a  hopeless  struck 
against  the  authorities.  .  .  .  Under  such  circumstances,  it  is  on 
wonder  that  everybody  submits — all  the  more  so  since  the  war 
ha^  separated  friends  and  relatives,  and  the  convictions  of  maiiT 
have  been  shaken  by  the  hope  of  victory.  But  let  distress  and 
defeats  come,  and  tiie  Potemkin  village  of  national  unity  wil 
be  blown  away,  despite  the  props  of  military  law.  If  any  <nie  in 
Germany  to-day,  enthused  by  our  victorious  progress,  shonU 
say  gloatingly  that  it  is  only  a  matter  of  a  week  or  two  befoR 
a  revolution  breaks  out  in  Paris,  he  might  be  right,  provided 
that  the  French  army  had  been  already  destroyed.  But  it  would 
not  be  any  different  in  Germany,  if  Germany  should  lose  tbe 
war.  In  fact,  it  would  not  be  different  in  any  of  the  beUigerent 
states,  England,  perhaps,  excepted." 

A  barbarian  is  defined  in  the  Century  Dictionary  as  "  one 
outside  the  pale  of  Christian  civilization."    It  is  evident  frpn 


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THE  OUTLOOK 


16S 


[lis  charaoterizatian  of  the  German  people,  written  by  a  promi- 
ent  member  of  the  German  official  class,  that  the  German 
ation  is  outside  the  pale  of  Christian  civilization,  that  it  is  a 
arbaric  nation.  AjaA  this  characterization  of  Uie  German 
ation  by  a  German  is  confirmed,  not  only  by  the  testimony  of 
ther  writers  who  have  been  in  Germany  during  tMs  war,  but 
y  the  current  history  of  Germany,  by  what  it  aaa  sud  through 
8  pulpit  and  its  press,  what  it  has  proposed  ^y  its  politicians, 
pd  what  it  has  done  by  its  arms  in  the  almost  four  years  since 
liis  diary  was  written.  It  is  not  only  with  the  military  autoo- 
iicy  that  we  cannot  make  peace.  We  cannot  negotiate  witii 
nation  whose  commercial  leaders  r^^d  negotiation  as  a 
ivision  of  sftoils  won  b^  highway  robbery.  Wheuier  we  r^;ard 
Germany  as  insane  in  its  colossal  self-conceit,  or  as  criminal  in 
s  disregard  of  the  moral  law,  or  as  barbarian  because  not  yet 
nbned  with  the  spirit  of  a  Christian  civilization,  we  can  hope 
>r  peace  with  it  only  by  depriving  it  of  the  power  to  make  war. 


A  TANGLE  OF  COMMON  GREEN 
LEAVES 

The  night  was  hot  and  mu^gy  and  the  first  cook-crow  from 
le  barnyard  a  quarter  of  a  mde  away  broke  through  the  Happy 
Iremite's  thin  wall  of  sleep  and  shook  him  into  consciousness. 
hi  the  fields  dawn  lay  like  a  brown  and  steaming  blanket.  No 
laf  stirred  anywhere.  The  Seven  Willows  hung  their  heads  in 
tter  lassitude ;  the  great  hickory  stood  as  if  petrified  in  its 
reen  opulence. 

The  Happy  Eremite  dressed  and  crept  on  tiptoe  down  the 
i&irs  and  out  into  the  littie  house  that  was  his  study.  He  felt 
eary  and  spirituaUy  parched,  and  sat  down  at  his  desk  staring 
t  the  disonlerly  mass  of  papers.  The  sight  of  an  unfinished 
lanuscript  struck  no  spark  in  him,  and  he  walked  restlessly 
>  the  window,  feeling  as  empty  as  a  cracked  fiddle. 

The  view  from  his  study  window  was  not  inspiring ;  it  was 
ot  even  diverting.  His  study  abutted  on  nei^bor  Brown's 
asture.  He  oonld  almost  touch  the  wire  boimdary  fence  with 
is  hand.  Bushes  had  grown  up  along  it  eight  feet  high.  Para- 
ise  might  have  lain  beyond  that  thi^et ;  the  Happy  Eremite, 
auing  nungrily  ont  of  his  study  windows,  would  have  been  no 
etter  off  for  that.  The  thicket  made  a  screen  impenetrable  to 
le  vision.    Over  it  only  he  could  see  the  interlacing  tops  of 


trees.  Not  paradise,  but  a  bit  of  New  England  woods  lay 
beyond  the  wild  hedge.  The  tree-tops  were  utterly  still  against 
the  gray,  featureless  sky. 

The  Happy  Eremite  stared  into  the  thicket,  and  through  it, 
to  gray  horizons  of  despond.  The  tangle  was  to  him  a  curtain 
bamng  the  pleasant  places  his  eyes  hungrily  sought  after,  and 
he  resented  it  as  he  would  have  resentea  a  door  flung  shut  on 
his  nose.  It  seemed  to  him  altt^ther  like  the  door  which  the 
flesh  had  a  way  of  quietly  closing  in  the  face  of  his  importunate 
imagination,  leaving  it  impotently  storming — the  flesh  which 
insisted  still  on  asserting  its  authority  over  the  headlong  spirit. 
He  felt  the  same  torment  of  thwarted  desire,  the  same  sense  of 
paralysis. 

At  length  lus  truant  vision,  staring  blankly  through  green 
nothingness,  returned  reluctantly  home  and  focused  itself  on 
the  of^nding  barrier.  The  leaves  were  motionless  as  carved 
malachite ;  mey  were  incredibly  still.  He  had  never  thought 
that  anything  in  nature  oould  stand  so  poised.  It  was  like  the 
palace  of  the  princess  who  slept  a  hundred  years,  where  the 
dog's  tail  was  bewitehed  into  immobility  in  the  middle  of  a 
waggle,  and  the  curtain  hung  bellied  out  as  the  wind  had 
blown  it.  - 

He  apprehended  now  for  the  first  time  that  the  tangle  was 
not  the  plain,  dull  hedge  he  had  thought  it,  but  a  thing  of  varie<1 
textures  and  colors  Inxuriantiy  intertwisted.  There  were  scrub 
elm  and  scrub  hickory,  and,  through  them  and  over  them,  the 
heavy  foliage  of  wild  gprape  on  slender  rosy  stems.  There  was 
sumaoh  with  copper-colored  blossoms,  and  over  it,  in  turn,  wUd 
honeysuckle  like  a  hood  of  pale  green,  with  tentacles  out- 
stretehed,  motionless.  Tall  weeds  with  flowers  like  tiny  yellow 
cornucopias  specked  with  vermilion  rose  under  the  sumach 'h 
shadow.  The  thicket  was  full  of  mysterious  deeps  and  endletw 
varieties  of  leaf  green,  from  the  yellow  green  of  the  Bcorche<l 
hickory  leaves  to  the  opulent  dark  green  of  the  sinuous,  baleful 
poison  i^. 

The  Happy  Eremite  gazed  into  his  prison  wall,  and  suddenly 
he  was  aware  that  his  depression  and  weariness  of  body  and 
mind  had  vanished.  The  soft  colors  were  ointment  to  his  eyes ; 
the  motionless,  luxuriant  foliage  was  like  the  quiet  of  an  empty 
church  to  a  perplexed  spirit.  It  occurred  to  him  that  beauty 
walkins  amid  mirades  of  fragrance  and  iridescent  light  had 
never  uiid  on  his  heart  hands  of  such  healing  potency  as  this 
tangle  of  common  green  leaves. 


A  TRIUMPH  OF  FRENCH  IMAGINATION 

SPECIAL   CORRESPONDENCE 


3NLY  a  French  Government  could  ever  have  thought  of 
sending  a  mission  musique  to  this  country  or  to  any 
other  country.  It  takes  poets  to  think  such  things,  it 
ikes  men  of  imagination ;  and  imagination  is  a  thing  the  other 
.Hies  do  not  largely  possess,  and  the  Boche  never.  For  the 
<K;he  is  a  liar  and  a  dog.  and  it  is  written  of  the  land  of  the 
n  agination — as  of  the  city  the  seer  saw  in  the  vision — that 
without  are  dogs."  The  French  have  proved  their  right  to 
tizenship  in  that  land  very  often,  but  never  more  definitely 
um  when  they  dedded  to  send  Captain  Gabriel  Pares,  at  the 
Bad  of  his  band  of  sixty  military  musicians — every  one  of 
bom  has  seen  active  service,  and  nearly  every  one  of  whom 
trries  the  blessS  bar  or  the  Croix  de  Guerre  on  his  breast — to 
>e  United  States  as  a  token  of  France's  friendship  for  her 
Bw  ally. 

Just  now  it  is  touring  the  camps  and  cantonments,  with  a 
man  for  a  cicerone,  and  occasionally,  after  it  has  played  for 
le  soldiers,  it  gives  a  concert  in  the  city,  if  the  city  happens  to 
e  near  the  camp.  I  had  an  opportvmity  to  hear  such  a  concert 
ktely  and  to  witness  how  the  people  were  stirred  with  a  new 
■enzy  of  desire  to  help  France — that  France  whose  soul  was 
3eakiiig  through  the  drums  and  the  brasses  and  calling  us  to 
>Uow  io  the  way  she  had  so  long  gone,  and  with  such  agony. 
.nd  I  realized  then  that  French  imagination  had  gone  beyond 
.uglo-Saxon  logic  in  the  shaping  of  this  appeal  to  American 
carta  throogb  Uie  Mission  Frau(,«i8e  Musique. 


In  the  afternoon  the  band  played  in  the  oamp.  It  is  one  of 
those  camps  that  fortunately  has  a  grove  of  trees  within  its 
boimds,  and  here  beneath  their  brandies,  with  the  sun  falling 
in  brilliant  spots  upon  their  blue  uniforms,  they  sat  on  stools  in 
a  great  half-circle,  while  the  khaki-dad  lads  lounged  in  easy 
rows  upon  the  grass  to  listen.  They  aroused  enthusiasm,  as  we 
expected  they  would.  The  soldier  readily  responds  to  those  who 
come  to  cheer  him  with  song  or  music,  if  they  only  come  as 
comrades,  and  not  to  patronize. 

But  it  was  at  the  evening  concert  in  the  band'«tand  in  the 
dty  park  that  the  real  significance  of  the  band's  coming  was 
revealed.  The  crowds  began  to  gather  two  hours  before  the 
time  set,  and  when  the  director  raised  his  baton  for  the  first 
number  grass  and  paths  were  blotted  out  by  the  human  flood 
that  covered  them  as  far  as  he  could  see.  It  was  one  of  those 
only  too  rare  things — a  perfect  summer  evening.  The  direc- 
tor oould  not  have  staged  a  bettor  setting  for  the  message 
he  wanted  to'  bring.  It  was  a  night  when  the  past  speaks  its 
messages  and  the  future  whispers  its  hopes ;  when  a  man 
thinks  of  the  things  he  has  lost,  and  knows  his  loss,  and  yet 
hopes  withal  that  still  he  may  find  these  things  and  all  they 
mean.  Love  and  country — they  are  not  far  apart  in  a  man's 
heart,  and  when  either  is  stirred  deeply  the  other  comes  into 
new  life.  And  how  deverly  the  director  seized  the  hour  and 
the  opportunity !  The  first  numbers  were  of  course  the  national 
anthems  of  our  own  land  and  his.  Then  the  Belgian  "  Brabaii- 

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<^nne."  Then  he  turned  to  softer  things — old  opera  numbers 

reminiscent  of  Verdi,  and  his  lovers  that  sang  in  the  moonlight : 

"  Sliall  I  remembered  be  ?" 

Then  into  songs  the  lads  are  singing  in  the  camps  and  those 
thev  have  left  benind  are  singling  in  the  homes,  about  long,  long 
trails  and  home  fires.  And  then,  when  all  hearts  were  softened, 
he  began  his  message.  It  was  a  march  such  as  they  play  when 
the  poilus  turn  toward  the  front.  There  were  in  it  the  thunder 
of  drums  and  the  insistent  call  of  bugles.  Hearts  that  had  been 
thinking  of  old  loves  were  challenged  to  present  perils.  Men 
iMJgan  to  stir  in  the  crowd.  The  quietness  into  which  he  had 
lulled  them  was  forgotten.  They  were  alert  and  eager.  Then, 
when  the  march  was  done,  they  were  ready  for  the  supreme 
word  he  had  come  to  bring. 

The  daylight  had  faded  before  it  b^;an.  Over  the  trees  to 
the  east  himg  the  full  moon.  The  city  on  which  it  looked  was  a 
city  of  peace.  I  thought,  in  a  moment  when  my  mind  wandered, 
of  other  cities  on  which  it  had  looked  that  day — cities  these 
men  knew  who  played  here  for  us,  where  roofs  were  gone  and 
every  window  from  the  houses,  where  the  children  were  gone 
from  the  streets.  Even  the  places  of  prayer  were  stark  and 
open,  and  the  gargoyles  had  ceased  to  leer  on  the  broken  towers 
and  the  saints  to  bless  from  their  niches  in  the  walls.  It  looked 
like  a  land  of  death ;  but  it  was  not  a  land  of  death,  even  though 
leagues  of  little  white  crosses  stretched  across  its  sod.  We  were 
to  hear  now  the  dramatic  answer  to  the  question  why  it  oould  not 
be  a  land  of  death.  One  of  the  players  had  laid  his  saxhorn  aside. 
He  wajB  younger  than  the  others,  and  on  his  breast  gleamed  the 
r«l  ribbon  of  the  Serbian  Cross.  The  man  who  can  wear  that 
cross. has  seen  blood  and  terror  and  darkness  such  as  we  cannot 
dream.  And  this  man  especially.  He  came  from  the  fair  land 
of  Pioardy,  where  the  poplars  used  to  wave  beside  the  quiet 


fields.  When,  at  the  mobilization,  he  left  tlie  little  hou^  that  had 
always  sheltered  him,  he  left  all  behind  who  were  his  world— 
piere  et  mere  et  petite  sceur.  He  has  never  seen  them 
again,  never  heard.  The  German  tide  covered  them  in  its  first 
wild  rush.  Being  French,  he  has  imagination,  and  you  know 
what  he  thinks  i^ut  them  as  you  look  into  his  eyes.  Oh,  yes. 
he  knows  what  death  means ;  yon  m^ht  even  think  he  w» 
ready  to  call  France  a  land  of  death.  But  he  is  going  to  sini;. 
The  director  raises  his  baton.  It  is  the  "  MarseiBaise  "  again. 
He  will  sing  it,  this  man  of  the  broken  heart,  standing  tall  and 
straight,  his  head  and  shoulders  silhouetted  against  the  gleam- 
ing white  of  the  band-stand  above  the  connised  mass  of  his 
comrades.  I  know  now,  having  heard  him,  why  France  is  not 
the  land  of  death.  I  know  now  why  Grermany  cannot  win  this 
war.  I  heard  that  soldier,  to  whom  France  was  all  that  was  left, 
sing  the  "Marseillaise."  His  voice  was  as  tJie  voice  of  thoa- 
sands,  and  it  was  terrible  in  its  sweetness.  It  poured  forth  all 
that  France  means  to  him  and  to  all  men.    It  gathered  all  the 

glory  from  a  hundred  battlefields  of  liberty  and  flung  it  to 
be  air  as  a  gleaming  oriflamme  to  urge  the  hosts  behind.  1 
heard  the  trampling  of  their  feet,  I  heard  the  beating  of 
their  hearts,  I  saw  the  challenge  of  their  eyes.  France — France 
of  the  broken  hearts  and  the  ravished  homes  and  the 'long 
lines  of  the  white  crosses,  France  that  the  Boche  thought  m 
ooidd  kill — ^immortal  France  was  singing  to  the  world,  wa«  sing- 
ing to  us  of  this  quiet  American  city  in  that  song,  and  we  and 
aU  the  world  were  following  to  the  end  that  God  has  sworn. 

I  have  never  been  afraid  since  that  night  of  what  the  end 
will  be.  Men  may  die,  and  cities  even,  but  France  and  liWrtj 
are  immortal.  The  Mission  Fran^aise  Musique  is  greater  than 
logic.  It  is  l<^c.  William  £.  Bbooks. 

Camp  Cnuie,  AUentown,  PenosylTanik.  ^ 


RUSSIA  IN  UPHEAVAL' 


DR.  E.  A.  ROSS,  Professor  of  Sociology  in  the  University 
of  Wisc-onsiu,  went  to  Russia  in  the  summer  of  1917,  at 
the  instance  of  the  American  Institute  of  Social  Service, 
for  the  piurpose  of  writing  a  report  '*  upon  the  prospects  for 
practiivJ  social  progress '  in  that  much-disturbed  and  rapidly 
changing  part  of  the  world.  Crossing  the  Pacific  to  eastern 
Siberia,  he  landed  at  Vladivostok,  and  there  b^an  a  journey 
which  occupied  about  five  months  and  covered  more  than 
fifteen  thousand  miles  of  Russian  territory,  including  Siberia, 
Euix>pean  Russia,  the  Caucasus,  and  Central  Asia-  Of  this 
extensive  journey  "  Russia  in  Upheaval "  is  the  literary  out- 


come. 


The  author  charaeteriws  his  book  as  an  attempt  to  ^  describe 
impartially  the  major  social  changes  going  on  in  Russia  during 
my  sojourn  there ;"  but  he  would  have  given  a  better  idea  of 
its  contents  if  he  had  said  that  it  is  a  traveler's  record  of 
impressions  received  and  facts  gathered  during  a  rapid  journey 
through  an  immense  cwmtry  in  which  great  social  changes  were 
taking  place.  These  impressions  and  facts  are  not  presented 
chronologically,  as  they  would  be  in  a  narrative  of  travel,  but 
are  classified  and  grouped  under  such  chapter  headings  as 
"  Twice  Across  Siberia,"  '*  The  Volga  and  the  Caspian," 
^'Impressions  from  the  Caucasus,"  ^Russian  Central  Asia," 
"  The  Rug  Market  at  Merv,"  "  The  Russian  People,"  "  The 
Laud  Questitm,"  "  The  Roots  of  the  Revoluticn,"  "  Caste  and 
l>euKx>racy,"  "  Russian  Women,"  "  Labor  and  Capital,"  "  Re- 
ligion," etc.  The  book,  therefore,  is  not  whoUy  a  narrative  of 
travel,  nor  wholly  a  st\tdy  of  social  cooditi<Mis.  but  a  combiiia- 
tivm  of  bt>th.  In  the  main,  the  traveler's  descriptions,  as  well  as 
the  in^•estigator*8  facts  and  the  soi-iologist's  oliservations,  are 
acciurate  and  interesting ;  but  there  are  some  noteworthy  gaps 
and  omissions.  One  would  think  that  "  social  changes  "  might 
have  Iteed  studied  to  advantage  in  the  Workmen  s  Councils 
and  in  the  great  national  wwferences.  wmventions.  and  con- 
gretsses  whi«?h  a:ss«^mbleti  in  Petrogratl  and  Moscow  during  the 
author's  **  s«>jiHini "  in  the  co«mtrj- :  but  apparently  Dr.  Rtiss  did 

■  Kttswi »  I'phntTvl.  Bt  EJwxnl  Alnranh  Kws.  Th«  C«BtnrT  CompuiT,  New 
Y..rk.  K-V,  ■ 


not  attend  any  of  them  nor  make  a  study  of  their  proceedings. 
Neither  did  he  personally  witness  any  of  the  acts  of  violent 
and  injustice  by  means  of  which  the  Bolsheviki  gained  and 
established  their  supremacy  in  the  late  fall  and  winter  of  the 
revolutionary  year. 

Dr.  Ross  traveled  through  the  country  as  an  intelligent  tour- 
ist ;  he  saw  no  fighting,  looting,  or  murdering,  and  "found  the 
Russians  behaving,"  he  says,  "  much  as  I  should  if  I  were  in 
their  place  and  furnished  with  their  experience."  This  failure 
to  see  any  of  the  "  social  change  "  that  mvolved  cruelty,  blood- 
shetl,  and  crime  was  probably  fortuitous  ;  but  the  effect  of  it  is 
to  soften  the  picture  that  he  draws  of  revolutionary  Russia  aod 
to  give  the  impression  that  there  was  comparatively  little 
unnecessai^  violence  or  injustice,  that  the  "  iridescent  storie ' 
published  in  our  periodious  were  untrustworthy,  and  that  the 
Russian  people  on  the  whole  and  according  to  their  ligbtt 
behaved  naturally  and  rationally. 

This  impression  is  g^ven  not  so  much  by  what  the  author 
says  as  by  what  he  leaves  unsaid.  He  hardly  refers  to  the  a^ner 
of  Germany  in  bringing  about  '^  social  changes."  He  passes 
over  without  comment  the  beating  to  death  of  General  EKikbiv 
nin,  the  cold-blooded  murder  of  Bhingareff  and  Kokoshkin  in 
their  prison-hospital  beds,  the  looting  of  palaces,  chnrcheK.  and 
private  houses  in  Petrograd  and  Moscow,  the  massacres  in  Fin- 
land and  the  Ukraine,  and  the  many  other  unnecessary  act:> «/ 
cruelty  and  violence  committed  by  the  Bolsheviki  after  their 
usurpation  of  governmental  authority  in  the  fall  of  1917.  Pro 
fessor  Ross  was  in  Russia  at  that  time,  but  either  he  did  not 
hear  of  these  things  or  did  not  regard  them  as  among  thf 
"  social  changes "  that  deserved  attention  and  comment.  "  I 
conceive  it  my  duty."  he  says,  "  to  present  the  typical  rather 
than  the  bizarre,"  and  he  therefore  refrains  from  "  unreeling  i 
film  of  astonishing  and  sensational  happenings  such  as  pr«»ei]'. 
themselves  in  troublous  times."  But  if  he  had  been  traveling  in 
France  in  1793  and  1794,  would  he  have  conceived  it  his  dutj 
to  pass  over  without  notii>e  or  I'omment  the 'acts  of  Robespierr>- 
and  his  associates,  or  the  "  seii.sational "'  evMits  of  the  Rei«jii  «* 
Terror,  on  the  ground  that  thev  were  "  bizarre  "  rather  thai 


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"  typical "  ?  "  Scientific  objectivity,"  which.  Dr.  Ross  says,  is  his 
'"  guiding  star,"  does  not  require  the  elimination  of  facts  that 
tre  essential  to  the  right  understanding  of  an  era,  "  bizarre  " 
Uthough  they  may  be.  For  this  reason  the  author's  failure  to 
describe  and  characterize  the  acts  of  the  Bolsheviki  in  the  late 
bdl  and  early  winter  of  1917,  when  he  was  on  the  ground,  must 
be  r«^;arded  as  the  chief  defect  in  an  otherwise  useful  and  inter- 
esting book.  He  may  not  be  in  sympathy  with  the  Bolsheviki, 
but  his  silence  with  r^^ard  to  their  many  crimes  and  his  quasi 
kpolt^ry  for  their  forcible  suppression  of  the  Constituent  As- 
lembly  would  seem  to  indicate  that  he  does  not  regard  them  as 
prinuurily  responsible  for  the  most  momentous  "  social  change  " 
ID  all  Russian  history. 

It  is  only  fair  to  say,  however,  that  he  rightly  condemns  the 
methods  by  which  the  Russian  army  was  disintegrated  and 
iestroyed.  "  It  was  the  Bolshevist  propaganda, '  he  says, 
*  brainning  among  the  soldiers  early  m  May,  that  gave  tiie 
inishing  blow  to  the  discipline  of  the  army.  The  Socii^st  lead- 
ers thought  it  a  clever  policy  to  take  Russia  out  of  the  war  by 
leducing  the  soldiers  rather  than  by  changing  the  nation's  wiU 
»  Bght.  They  did  indeed  defeat  the  intention  of  their  political 
>p}K>nents  to  carry  on  the  war,  but  in  so  doing  they  fostered 
he  spirit  of  insubordination  until  the  army  was  utterly  worth- 
ees  as  a  fighting  force  and  Russia  was  hit  defenseless  before 


the  advance  of  the  Germans.  By  their  unscrupulous  shortcut 
to  the  realization  of  their  pacifist  aims  they  rumed  their  coun- 
try and  with  it  the  working  class  they  thought  to  advance. 
Not  while  this  horrible  instance  of  misapplied  democracy  sur- 
vives in  the  memory  of  men  will  a  nation  tolerate  such  a  propar 
ganda  of  disobedience  and  anarchy  as  went  on  unhindered  in 
the  summer  and  auttmm  of  1917." 

All  this  is  perfectly  true,  and  it  is  quite  as  applicable  to  the 
propaganda  among  the  workmen  and  peasants  as  to  that  among 
the  soldiers.  It  was  the  radical  Socialists  who  destroyed  Russia 
as  a  nation,  and  they  were  guided  and  inspired  by  returning 
political  refugees  from  western  Europe  and  America,  who  had 
lost  touch  wiui  the  realities  of  life  in  their  native  country,  who 
attributed  undue  importance  to  their  own  speculative  ideas,  who 
had  never  had  an  opportunity  to  try  their  theories  out  in 
practice,  and  who  strove  to  realize  their  visionary  ideals  on  a 
national  scale,  first  by  peaceful  pn^utganda,  and  then  by  force, 
bloodshed,  and  crime. 

Professor  Ross's  book  as  a  whole  is  well  written,  very  read- 
able, and  generally  accurate  ;  but  one  has  only  to  compare  it  with 
"  Russia's  Agony,"  by  Robert  Wilton,  in  order  to  see  how  far 
it  falls  short  of  being  an  adequate  picture  of  a  country  and  a 
people  in  a  state  of  violent  revolutionary  transition. 

Georgk  Ksknan. 


TRAINING  ARMY  CHAPLAINS 

SPECIAL   CORRESPONDENCE   OF  THE   OUTLOOK 


rHE  first  week  of  a  new  chaplain  in  camp  is  a  busy 
week,  not  so  much  in  physical  activities  as  in  the  learning 
of  a  new  kind  of  life,  and  in  learning  one's  place  in  it. 
iiut  now  that  I  am  somewhat  established  in  my  quarters  and 
an  beginning  to  "  see  daylight "  as  to  my  work  and  duties,  I 
rant  to  write  you  something  about  our  preparation  for  our  work 
)t  Louisville,  Kentucky,  m  our  five  weeks'  training  at  the 
haplains'  schooL  Five  weeks  is  a  short  time  in  which  to  prepare 
or  Army  life  and  could  give  little  more  than  an  introduction, 
,  little  of  the  Army  atmosphere ;  but  the  time  was  used  to  the 
ull,  every  minute  was  crowded,  and  we  were  given  all  the  mili- 
ary knowledge  and  drilling  we  could  cram  in. 

First  of  aU,  we  were  enlisted.  We  packed  up  our  dvilian 
lotbes,  put  on  the  khaki,  and  took  the  oath  of  allegiance  as 
oldiers  of  the  United  States.  From  that  moment  we  were  under 
rders,  learning  how  '*  to  obey  strictly  and  to  execute  promptly 
he  lawful  orders  of  our  superiors."  Imagfine  two  hundred 
ireachera,  accustomed  as  we  all  had  been  to  working  and  study- 
ag  in  our  own  individual  way,  accustomed  to  preaching  and 
iving  instruction  to  others — imagine  these  two  hundred  trying 
9  fit  themselves  into  the  following  daily  schedule,  or,  rather,  try 
9  imagine  the  job  the  instrootors  had  in  trying  to  fit  us  into  it: 

5:30  A.M.        Reveille 

5:45   "  Setting-np  exercises  on  the  drill-ground. 

6         "  Breakout 

6:45    **  Infantry  drilL 

8  "  Study  period. 

8:60   "  Inspection  of  barracks  and  bunks. 

9  A.1I.  to  12  m.  Lectures  and  recitations. 
12:10  P.X.      IHnner. 

1  «  French. 

2  "  Horseback  riding  and  cavalry  drill. 

4  "  Preaching  and  lectures  on  camp  sanitation. 

6  "  Singing  and  instruction  in  song-leading. 

6  "         Sapper. 

7  "         (Conferences  on  the  chaplains'  work. 

8  to  10  P.H.    Study  period. 

10:46  P.M.  Taps.  (The  sweetest  music  ever  composed.) 
This  was  our  daily  schedule  with  the  exception  of  Saturday 
Qci  Sunday.  On  Saturday  we  had  a  three-hour  hike  either  on 
Mt  or  on  horseback,  also  our  vaccinations  and  inoculations,  and 
nie  to  do  our  washine  and  mending.  Sunday  was  our  day  off, 
hen,  as  rookie  chaplains,  we  either  preached  at  some  Y  buUd- 
ig  or  barrack,  or,  clad  in  our  rookie  blouses,  we  went  to  Louis- 
iUe  to  practice  saluting  on  the  officers  we  met  along  the  street. 


Nothing  theolo^cal  was  taught  or  suggested  at  this  school. 
We  were  all  ministers,  experienced  in  preaching  and  church 
work,  and  it  was  taken  for  granted  that  we  knew  our  religious 
work.  Every  man's  futh  was  respected,  and  no  attempt  *wa8 
made  to  advise  him  as  to  what  beliefs  he  ought  to  hold  or  how 
to  conduct  his  religious  services.  And  while  our  denominational 
oonnectidns  were  down  on  the  records  at  the  office,  we  were 
almost  entirely  ignorant  of  each  other's  varieties  of  belief. 
Of  the  two  hundred  and  twenty  who  entered  I  know  now 
the  denomination  of  only  a  few.  We  were  all  clad  in  uni- 
form. Not  all  the  "  uniforms "  were  uniform  in  color  or 
equally  bad  fits,  for  we  inherited  our  Army  clothes  from 
previous  generations  of  chaplain  candidates — we  were  the 
fourth  group — and  through  many  washings  and  stretchings 
our  blouses  and  breeches  reminded  us  more  of  "Joseph's 
coat  of  many  colors"  or  of  Coxey's  army  than  of  a  real 
military  outfit.  But  they  served  their  purpose.  We  had 
our  experience  as  enlisted  men,  and  got  the  enUsted  man's 
point  of  view.  We  all  bunked  together  in  squad-rooms,  thirty- 
two  in  a  room,  each  mait  sleeping  on  his  iron  cot  and  on  a  straw 
mattress  which  he  himself  filled  with  straw  at  the  stables.  Had 
you  seen  those  two  hundred — some  of  them  D.D.'s,  a  number 
pastors  of  large  city  congregaticms — marching  up  from  the 
stables  in  a  long  single-file,  each  carrying  his  straw  tick  like  the 
immigrants  just  landed  at  Ellis  Island,  you  would  have  had  a 
new  and  fresh  idea  of  the  democracy  of  the  American  Army, 
of  the  leveling  effect  of  military  life.  Protestants  and  Catholics, 
Augustinians,  Baptists,  Jesuits,  Methodists,  Presbyterians— you 
couldn't  tell  (me  from  another.  We  lived  t^^ther,  ate  together, 
ran  for  the  shower-baths  on  hot  nights,  not  caring  whether  it 
was  to  be  a  sprinkling  or  an  immersion,  just  so  we  got  a.  good 
wash.  And  even  when  it  came  to  our  trial  sermons  it  was 
exceedingly  difficult  to  do  more  than  guess  what  was  the  church 
connection  of  the  preacher.  Wasn't  it  Disraeli  who  said  that 
all  great  men  are  of  the  same  religion  ?  Well,  these  chaplain 
candidates,  preaching  sermons  prepared  with  the  desire  to  help 
soldiers  become  better  men  and  Christians,  were  surprisingly 
alike  in  the  spirit  and  form  of  their  preaching.  Their  sermons 
bore  no  tags  so  that  you  might  classifv  them  ecclesiastically. 
A  group  of  strong  men  they  were,  good-hearted  and  friendly, 
and  wanting  to  be  of  all  the  service  possible  to  the  Army  and 
the  soldier. 

The  three  subjects  of  study  on  which  most  emphasis  was 
laid  were   international  law,  military  courts    protwlure.   and 

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THE  OUTLOOK 


2  Octobct 


Army  r^rnlations.  The  blue  book  of  Army  Regulations  'was 
our  elementary  text-book  to  give  us  some  knowledge  of  the 
Army  organization  and  the  chaplain's  place  and  part  m  it.  The 
study  of  courts  martial  was  to  enable  the  chaplain  to  coimsel 
a  soldier  in  trouble,  to  give  him  help  and  at  the  same  time 
uphold  Army  discipline.  Then,  too,  a  chaplain  is  sometimes 
called  upon  to  act  as  counsel  for  the  accused  in  court-martial 
cases.  Therefore  this  short,  intensive  course  in  military  law. 
And  looking  forward  to  the  time  when  the  American  Army 
Mrill  be  an  army  of  hostile  occupation,  marching  through  and 
governing  enemy  territory,  we  were  given  an  mtroduction  to 
mtemational  law,  to  the  rules  of  land  warfare  made  a  part  of 
the  law  of  the  United  States,  to  the  Hague  conventions  and 
treaties  ratified  by  the  United  States.  It  was  a  big  and  new 
subject  to  many  of  us,  and  it  gave  a  clearer  and  more  definite 
idea  of  America's  obligations  m  this  world  affair  and  of  Amer- 
ica's duties  toward  other  nations — friends  and  enemies. 

This  is  the  first  time  there  has  ever  been  such  a  thing  as  a 


chaplains'  school.  Heretofore  ministers  have  gone  from  tbor 
churches  directly  into  army  life  and  have  had  to  blunder  tkit 
way  into  a  knowledge  of  military  manners  and  duties.  Tlk 
five  weeks'  training  at  Camp  Taylor  was  very  short  and  4^ 
mentary ;  but  the  faculty  gave  us  all  they  could  cram  into  m  n 
that  short  time,  and  I  for  one  am  mighty  thankful  for  thai 
introduction  to  military  life.  We  have  a  lot  more  to  lean 
through  actual  experience,  and  just  now  we  recent  graduate 
are  assigned  to  regiments  in  home  camps,  getting  aoqnunte^ 
with  our  men  ana  our  work — getting  reaay,  like  everybodj 
else  in  the  training  camps,  so  that  when  our  regimento  w 
trained,  equipped,  and  prepared  we  chaplains  will  go  «hk 
them,  to  get  down  to  the  work  for  which  we  were  all  c^ol 
into  service.  To  get  ready,  and  then  to  get  busy,  and  to  i« 
both  quickly  and  uioroughly — ^that's  the  idea,  is  it  not  ? 

Hugh  K.  Fulton, 
Chaplain,  41st  Field  Artillery, 
Camp  Cnater,  Battle  Creek,  Michigan. 


ONE  LITTLE  WORD  FROM  HOME 


BY   KATHERINE   MAYO 


Nwoleon  said,  "  An  army  lives  on  its  stomach."    Maybe  his 
did.  But  the  United  States  Army  is  living  on  its  letters  from  home. 
—M.  S.  Cockett,  M.D.,  of  the  F.  M.  C.  A.,  in 
"  Experiences  in  a  Camp  Canteen." 

THE  following  narrative  lay  among  the  Civil  War  memories 
of  the  late  John  Robie  Eastman,  staff  officer  of  the 
United  States  Navy,  distinguished  astronomer,  maker  of 
the  monumental  Second  Washington  Star  Catalogue,  and  first 
President  of  Washington  Academy  of  Sciences.  At  the  time 
when  he  told  me  the  thing  he  had  attained  the  rank  of  rear- 
admiral  ;  but  he  recalled  with  white-light  clearness  the'days  and 
events  of  1861-6.  At  that  period  he  was  assistant  in  the  Naval 
Observatory,  near  Washington,  center  df  his  long  tmd  active 
after  life. 

Ardentiy  patriotic,  and  as  gentie,  sensitive,  and  tender-hearted 
as  any  woman,  it  was  natural  that  Eastman  during  the  war 
period  should  bestow  upon  work  for  the  sick  and  wounded 
every  atom  of  time,  thought,  and  energy  that  his  professional 
duties  could  spare.  Newl&mp8hire,hi8  native  State,  maintained, 
or  chiefly  maintained,  in  Washington  a  hospital  for  her  own 
sons  sent  back  from  the  front.  And  Eastman  expended  him- 
self without  limit  on  service  in  this  institution. 

The  hospitals  of  the  Civil  War,  as  every  one  knows,  were 
crude  affairs  in  the  matter  of  practice — crude  enough  to  account 
for  the  loss  of  many  a  life  that  might  have  been  saved  by  mod- 
em methods.  And  yet  that  New  Hampshire  hospital  in  the 
capital,  with  its  rows  -of  real  beds,  its  peace,  its  good  will,  its 
kindliness,  must  have  seemed  like  heaven  to  the  poor  fellows 
brought  in  from  the  blood-soaked  mud  of  the  battiefields. 

And  many  a  time  that  very  peace  and  good  will,  coupled  with 
the  youth  and  spirit  in  them,  pulled  men  back  across  the 
threshold  of  a  death  from  which  the  science  of  the  day  had  no 
power  of  rescue. 

So  it  happened  one  morning  that  young  E^tman,  coming  to 
the  hospitid  early,  came  still  too  late  to  see  the  advent  of  a  fresh 
consignment  of  sick  and  wounded  from  the  front.  They  had 
arrived  at  daylight,  unheralded,  in  numbers  far  greater  than 
the  place  could  easily  hold ;  and  the  vehicles  that  brought  them, 
hurriedly  unloaded,  had  dashed  away  after  more. 

The  nurses  and  orderlies  had  got  their  patients  to  bed  with 
such  rough  preliminary  care  as  was  possible.  And  now,  in  the 
wake  of  the  hurrying  doctors,  they  were  working  hither  and 
yon,  taking  cases  in  the  order  of  urgency,  doing  their  best. 

Eastman,  entering,  stood  a  moment  in  the  doorway,  looking 
down  the  aisles  of  cots. 

Faces — faces — faces.  Faces  drawn  with  slow  fever,  covered 
with  stubble  beard ;  blood-stained  faces  of  men  hurt  only  the 
night  before ;  faces  stem  with  courage  defying  evident  pain  ; 
faces  in  which  the  planes  of  the  skuU  stood  fortii  in  place  of 
v<»<wU<wi  q^aij  jm^  ju  ^iiose  hollow  sockets  glowed  eyes  of  twice 


their  natural  size,  frightened,  beseeching,  hopeless,  coals  of 
consuming  fire.  Faces  filled  with  deathless  humor  cheenh 
mocking  torture;  patient  faces,  silentiy  imploring  frioidglii; 
with  hungry  looks ;  bandaged  faces,  mutilated  faces,  &ce8  m« 
which  some  reverent  hand  bad  quietly  drawn  the  sheet. 

But  here  at  the  very  head  of  the  kne,  on  the  very  first  eo. 
lay  one  that  somehow  seemed  to  Eastmao  the  most  appes]iii< 
of  all.  Here  was  a  boy,  perhaps  twenty-two  years  old,  wW 
condition  the  practiced  eye  understood  at  a  glance.  Typhcnda 
some  such  misery  had  but  lately  dragged  him  almost  over  t^ 
dark  river.  But  the  crisis  of  the  disease,  whatever  it  had  bea 
was  well  past  now,  and  the  patient  should  be  r^aining  strojgd 
— on  the  road  to  recovery. 

Instead  there  was  the  mark  upon  him  that  spoke  too  deuh 
of  a  journey  another  way. 

He  was  of  the  frank,  fair,  Anglo-Saxon  type,  with  the  nA 
balanced  features  of  the  old  virile  stock — bom  to  be  a  gtcd 
fighter  in  a  good  cause.  But  now — Heaven  help  him  I — he  n 
making  no  ^ht  at  all.  He  lay  on  the  outside  of  the  cot  jad 
where  the  hurried  stretcher-bearers  had  dropped  him.  HisW 
hair  was  tangled  in  heavy  skeins.  His  uniform,  which  he  m 
wore,  was  wet  and  caked  and  stained  from  the  ooze  of  «» 
pool  out  of  which  they  had  plucked  him — some  ditch  when  b 
had  fallen  or  some  marsh-floored  tent  that  had  been  his  si^ 
bed.  His  heavy  boots,  split  and  cut  and  ground  away  in  nan; 
marches,  were  clogged  with  old  gray  mud. 

Someway,  those  boots  looked  heartbreaking,  with  their  nf 
and  slashes  and  thin  spots  and  their  luinps  of  gritty  day. 

"  We've  stuck  it  ■  out  tc^ther,"  they  said.  "  It's  been  kef 
and  hard,  and  it's  hurt  a  lot.  But  we've  stuck  it  out  together- 
him  and  u^.  And  now  the  journey's  done." 

He  lay  on  his  back,  witii  his  eyes  shut,  apparentiy  nnw 
scious,  only  a  flicker  of  life  yet  delaying  tiie  end.  His  ana 
dropped  parallel  with  his  body,  and  the  two  hands,  palms  np{i9 
most,  seemed  inexpressibly  pitiful,  helpless,  empty;  empty- 
and  so  young ! 

Eastman  touched  the  boy's  forehead. 

Slowly  the  eyes  opened.  The  gaze  was  intelligent  enough,  bri 
indifferent — sad,  with  a  sort  of  terrible,  blank,  n^^ative  miserv 
and  indifferent  beyond  the  reach  of  challenge.  The  heavy  !i* 
fell  again.  No  movement  of  the  lips  answered  the  visitor 
gently  rejieated  question  and  appeal.  Eastman  glanced  up  in* 
the  face  of  the  chief  nurse.  She  shook  her  head. 

"  Homesickness,"  she  whispered.  "  No  use.  We  can't  slab 
it.  It  got  him  first  He'll  be  gone  to-morrow.  I  saw  that  wbs 
they  brought  him  in.  You  can't  mistake  the  look.  That'slwhTi 
let  him  lie  and  went  on  to  the  others  that  we  can  save  or  nelp 

Eastman  knew  that  she  spoke  the  truth.  And  yet  his  !ioc 
rebelled  within  him. 

"Anyway,  he  shall  die  in  a  clean  shirt!"  he  exdaimA 
Digitized  by  VJW^^V  IV^ 


418 


THE  OUTLOOK 


169 


'  Here,  orderly,  take  off  this  man's  dothes  and  put  a  clean  night- 
hirt  on  him  at  onoe." 

"  Yea,  sir ,"  and  the  attendant  proceeded  with  the  task  as  the 
ifficer  passed  on  to  the  next  cot. 

Eastman  walked  the  length  of  the  wards,  assuring  himself  as 
o  each  case,  speaMng  with  the  patients,  making  notes  of  action 
0  take.  Then,  still  drawn  hy  an  aching  memory  of  the  face  in 
he  first  bed,  he  began  to  retrace  his  steps. 

The  boy  looked  so  like  a  dozen  others  that  he  knew  and 
oved  up  in  those  great  New  Hampshire  hills — good,  sturdy, 
rholesome,  valiant  lads  ;  honorable,  merry,  full  of  life  and  grit 
nd  the  will  to  conquer  any  odds.  Must  he  go  under  now,  so  ' 
heaply,  without  even  a  woimd  ? 

But  here  in  the  hospital  one  learned  this  curious  fact : 

Nofltalgia — homesickness — can  slay  its  hundreds  where  bullets 
nd  disease  slay  one.  Homesickness,  setting  its  mysterious  grip 
ipon  a  man  already  weak^ied  by  lower^  vitality,  will  carry 
lun  oat  at  the  world  when  no  suffioifflit  physical  cause  exists  in 
is  body  therefor,  and  in  spite  of  the  best  care  and  skill  that 
octor  and  nurse  can  provide. 

Homesickness  is  brother  to  the  Dark  Angel  himself.  The  man 
u  whom  its  cold  hand  is  laid  loosens  and  still  loosens  his  hold 
D  life,  resisting  distraction  with  a  sort  of  passive  vehemence, 
ntQ  at  last  he  dies — dies,  m  effect,  from  nothing  in  the  world 
ut  homesickness. 

*'  Poor  chap !  Poor  little  shaver !  Bom  to  be  an  Ethan  Allen, 
nd  going  out  empty-handed,  without  honor  or  recompense, 
ith  a  bluik  record,  back  into  the  great  unknown  ;  and  all  for 
liat  frozen  magic — that  icy  curse !' 

And  then  a  g^ip  closed  on  Eastman's  arm,  as  the  good  head 
arse,  for  onoe  betrayed  by  surprise  into  manifest  excitement, 
egan  pushing  him  up  the  aisle. 

"  For  Heavea's  sake,"  she  whispered,  eagerly,  "  come  quick 
nd  see  that  boy  now  I" 

In  another  moment  the  two  stood  looking  down  with  un- 
signed  astonishment  on  the  so  lately  moribund  soldier. 

The  orderly  had  taken  off  the  boy's  battered  old  boots  and 
is  wet  and  mud-stained  imiform,  had  put  a  dean  nightshirt 
a  him  and  had  laid  him  between  the  sheets.  But  of  those 
range,  new  sensations,  comforting  as  they  must  have  been  to 
le  in  normal  mind,  the  sick  boy  had  taken  no  heed  at  all. 
rith  dull  eyes  and  flaccid  limbs  he  submitted  to  whatever 
une.  Indeed,  he  was  very  weak  and  weary — almost  done  with 
le  world. 

The  orderly  laid  him  back  on  the  pillow  easily.  He  made  no 
gn  of  thanks  or  of  relief.  Drawing  the  blankets  into  place,  the 
xlerly  moved  away. 

And  in  another  two  minutes  that  very  same  man,  wide-eyed, 
as  chasing  down  the  ward  after  the  head  nurse. 


"  Come  look  at  Number  One,  ma'am — ^he's  crazy,"  he  urged. 
"  Come  I" 

In  very  fact,  the  boy  had  undergone  in  a  moment  of  time  a 
marvelous  change.  He  who  had  lain  as  if  almost  dead,  deaf  to 
every  appeal,  inert,  was  sitting  up  in  the  bed,  laup^hing,  crying, 
gasping  a  little,  while  the  color  showed  clear  in  his  cheeks.  But 
crazy— no ;  for  the  light  in  his  eyes  was  sane. 

"What  is  it,  boy?'  asked  Eastman,  gently. 

"  Golly  I  Just  see  what  I've  got !" 

The  lad  opened  his  clasped  hands,  showing  between  them  a 
half-sheet  of  note-paper. 

It  was  pink,  water-marked  in  little  lozenges,  and  covered  with 
fine,  careful  writing,  in  a  sirl's  hand. 

"  Read  it,"  he  cned.  "  It  was  here,"  and  he  laid  his  hand  on 
his  breast.  "  Read  it  out  loud,  quick  I" 

Eastman  read : 

"  Dear  New  Hampshire  Soldier-Boy : 

"  Don't  ever  forget  us  here  at  home,  yoar  own  folks,  up  in 
your  own  hiUs,  because  we  "never,  never  forget  you.  We  think  . 
of  you  and  pray  for  you  all  the  time,  that  you  may  get  well  quick 
and  help  win  the  war  and  come  back  home  to  ns.  We  have  stich 
a  welcome  waiting  for  you,  just  waiting  for  you  to  come!  I 
have  made  this  nightshirt  for  you  the  very  best  I  can  and  put 
this  in  your  pocket  for  you  to  read,  so  yon  can  know  it  is  from 

"  Your  true  friend," 

And  then  followed,  in  signature,  a  girl's  name. 

"  Is  she  your  sweetheart  ?"  asked  Eastman. 

"  No.  I  never  heard  tell  of  her  before.  But  there  ia  folks 
named  that  in  New  Hampshire.  Here,  give  it  back,  please.  I — 
I  want  it !" 

The  boy  set  himself  to  staring  at  the  little  pink  leaf  as  though 
it  contained  some  priceless  secret  written  between  the  lines. 

"  Ain't  it  wonderful  ?"  he  whispered,  shyly,  looking  up  with 
shining  eyes. 

''  There's  nobody  kin  of  mine  to  write  to  me.  I  didn't  know  it 
would  hurt  so  bad  till  I  got  away.  And  I  hadn't  heard  a  word 
from  the  old  State  for  a  year — 'way  down  in  this  God-forsaken 
mud.  It  was  worse'n  bein'  dead.  Even  ghosts  can  haunt  where 
thw  want  to  be.  And  now — look  at  this !  Just — look — at  this  1" 

Then,  tumim?  tin  the  cot  with  a  sudden,  whole-souled  shadow 
of  a  shout :  "  Here,  where 's  that  orderly  chap  ?  I  want  some- 
thing to  eat,  quick.    I'm  gol-dumed  hungry  I 

Eastman  and  the  head  nurse  looked  at  eaoh  other  in  happy 
imderstanding. 

"  He^ll  do ! '  said  the  .woman,  out  of  the  depths  of  experience. 
"  That  ridiculous  three-cornered  note  has  done  what  the  doctors, 
you,  and  I,  and  President  Lincoln  himself  couldn't  touch.  It's 
actaally  saved  life — that  one  little  word  from  home." 


THE  DEVELOPMENT  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES 


3ROFESSOR  FARRAND  has  written  a  very  unusual 
book.*  Indeed,  this  is  not  stating  the  case  with  sufficient 
_  '  emphasis.  He  has  written  a  book  such  as  has  not  hitherto 
ipeared  dealing  with  American  history.  There  have  been  ex- 
Jient  special  studies  of  special  features  of  our  history  ;  as,  for 
lample.  Professor  Turner's  really  noteworthy  studies  of  the 
tmtier,  to  which  Professor  Farrand  expresses  his  acknowledg- 
ent.  There  have  been  efforts  made,  as  in  McMaster's  history, 

vrrite  exhaustive  works  on  the  social  and  industrial  develop- 
ent  of  the  Nation.  But  this  is  the  first  time  that  there  has 
•en  produced  a  balanced  study  of  moderate  length  which 
capes  being  a  mere  sketch  or  abstract.  Nothing  is  easier  than 

vrrite  history  as  a  collection  of  dates  under  which  is  arranged 
stream  of  more  or  lees  notable  but  entirely  disconnected  inci- 
nits.  Nothing  u  harder  than  to  write  a  history  which  shall  in 
ly  degree  portray  the  really  vital  matters  of  growth  and  change 

»  people.  It  is  this  feat  which  Mr.  Farrand  has  attempted 
id  has  saooessfully  achieved. 

i  le  deals  with  names,  whether  of  statesmen  or  of  batties,  only 

Ilia  Deralopinent  of  the  United  Stivtes  inna  Colonies  to  a  World  Power,  fiy 
tM  FjmimmI.  rnttima  of  Hiitoiy  at  Yale  Unirendty.  Hong^iton  MilHio  Cora- 
■X.  B«tan.  «1.S0. 


when  it  is  absolutely  necessanr  thereby  to  indicate  the  course 
of  events.  It  is  the  heart  of  these  events  with  which  he  is  con- 
cerned. Of  the  wars  we  are  told  enough  only  to  show  in  broad- 
est outline  why  and  how  they  were  fought.  Professor  Farrand 
writes  with  an  impersonality  that  almost  amounts  to  aloofness. 
His  brief  but  telling  summaries  of  the  tangled  skein  of  motives, 
purposes,  passions,  ethical  considerations,  and  economic  condi- 
tions which  led  up  to  the  Revolutionary  War  and  the  Civil  War 
mark  the  work  of  a  high  and  genuine  hbtorical  spirit.  His 
analysis  of  the  less  8tri£ng  and  less  picturesc^ue  but  equally 
important  movements  which  during  longer  periods  of  peace  so 
profoundly  changed  our  National  prosperity  and  our  National 
character  is  no  less  striking. 

The  studies  of  the  successive  phases  of  our  political  life — not 
always  lovely ! — down  to  and  including  the  rise  of  the  boss  sys- 
tem, and  the  keen  appreciation  of  the  stages  of  our  economic 
growth,  are  not  merely  keen,  but  are  marked  by  an  understand!  ii  g 
of  living  forces  which  is  exceedingly  rare  among  trained  Hchol- 
ars,  whose  lives  are  of  necessity  passed  mainly  m  the  library. 

Thb  is  a  delightful  book  to  read,  and  a  most  illuminating 
and  instructive  book  to  study. 

Theodokk  Roosevelt. 
Digitized  by  VJWVJV IV^ 


WHAT  SHALL  BE  DONE  WITH  AUSTRIA  AND  THE 

BALKAN  NATIONS? 

THE   VIEWS    OF   AN   INFLUENTIAL   RUMANIAN 

There  is  now  temporarily  livinff  in  New  York  a  Runuunian  gentleman  who  has  held  responsible  official  positions  in  his  country.  He  u  by  edna- 
tion  and  experience  familiar  with  the  political  and  economic  questions  of  Russia  and  of  southeastern  Europe.  While  Romania  was  still  atww.bt 
visited  Europe  and  the  United  States  for  the  purpose  of  making  important  purchases  in  connection  with  the  interests  of  his  country.  At  ik 
present  time  he  does  not  return  to  Rumania  because  that  country  is  under  the  domination  of  Grermany,  and  he  will  not  subject  ninudf  it 
that  domination.  At  our  request  he  gives  our  readers,  in  the  following  answers  to  five  questions  which  we  have  put  to  him,  some  of  tht 
important  facts  about  the  situation  in  eastern  Europe.  We  Iiave  satisfied  ourselves  that  he  speaks  with  knowledge,  and  that  his  opinions  nuyb 
relied  upon  as  those  of  a  man  thoroughly  conversant  with  the  subject,  although  for  obvious  reasons  we  cannot  give  his  name.  As  the  title  UKth 
cates,  the  opinions  expressed  are  the  personal  views  of  the  author.  His  solution  of  the  Austrian  problem,  for  example,  we  regard  as  qnesti(i> 
able ;  but  we  wholly  concur  in  his  argument  for  a  declaration  of  war  npon  Bulgaria  and  Turkey. — ^The  Editor.h. 

Allies  are  defending  with  millions^lSf  men.  Being  assured  tloi 
the  Allies  would  take  care  of  Iter  Bulgarian  front  on  tliF 
Danube,  she  threw  her  half  millilji  men  upon  the  Hungariu 
and  Austrian  frontier.    The  Allies  proposed  to  ftdfill  thu  obt 

Sition  by  supplying  Rumania  with  munitions  and  by  baviiigi 
ussian  army  come  down  through  the  Dobrudja  i^funst  m 
garia.  Russia  collapsed,  and  the  Bulgarian  frontier  was  M 
unprotected.  ^Hiereupon  the  troops  of  the  Central  Powm 
controlled  by  Germany  and  under  the  command  of  General  roc 
Mackensen,  swept  into  Rtmiania  through  Serbia  and  across  die 
Danube,  took  Bucharest,  forced  the  Rumanian  G^venmat 
into  the  northern  part  of  her  territory,  and  she  was  compdU 
in  order  to  avoid  absolute  destruction,  to  make  peace.  Roouuiii 
resisted  to  the  last,  being  in  the  war  for  two  years,  from  191$ 
until  the  spring  of  1918.  She  was  compelled  to  make  pna 
because  of  famine,  becauseof  the  occupation  of  the  greater  putii 
her  territory  by  Germany,  and  because  she  was  cut  off  absolntdt 
from  all  her  allies.  To-day  Rumania  is  practically  a  vassal  of  6a- 
many;  because,  while  there  is  a  nominal  peace  between  German! 
and  Rumania,  as  there  is  between  Germany  and  Russia,  Gemuin 
has  done  exactly  with  Rumania  what  she  has  done  with  Bamt 
after  the  so-called  treaty  of  Brest-Litovsk.  And  to-day  RnnMuii 
is  suffering  from  famine  and  needs  the  aid  of  her  former  aiik 
and  especially  of  America,  quite  as  much  as  Serbia  or  Belgiim 


I.  Why  did  Rumania  make  war  on  Germany  and  then 
make  peace  vyith  Germany  1 

Seven  nations  compose  the  Balkan  group  of  peoples— Greece, 
Turkey,  Albania,  Montenegro,  Serbia,  Bulgaria,  and  Rumania. 
Of  these  seven,  Rumania  is  the  only  nation  of  Latin  origin. 
Its  very  name  is  taken  from  ancient  Rome.  Turkey  and  Bulgaria 
are  of  Mongolian  origin ;  Serbia  and  Montenegro  are  pure 
Slav.  Greece,  of  course,  dates,  as  every  one  knows,  from  the  clas- 
sical times.  Up  to  the  time  of  the  first  Balkan  War  in  1912, 
Rumania  was,  with  the  exception  of  Turk^,  the  largest  both 
in  territory  and  in  population  of  the  seven  Balkan  nations.  The 
first  Balkan  war  was  made  by  Bulgaria,  Serbia^  and  Greece 
upon  Turkev.  In  that  war  Rumania  was  neutral.  Upon  the 
defeat  of  Turkey  in  that  war,  Greece,  Bulgaria,  and  Serbia 
quarreled  as  to  the  proceeds  of  the  conquest.  This  resulted  in 
die  second  Balkan  war,  of  Serbia,  Greece,  and  Montenegro 
upon  Bulgaria.  That  war  was  in  the  condition  of  a  drawn  con- 
test when,  with  the  approval  of  the  western  European  Powers, 
Rumania  interfered  by  sending  an  army  of  four  hundred  thou- 
sand men  towards  Sofia,  the  capital  of  Bulgaria.  Whereupon 
Bulgaria  yielded  and  agreed  to  attend  the  peace  conference  at 
Bucharest,  the  capital  of  Rumania,  in  July,  1913,  at  which  the 
famous  Treaty  of  Bucharest  was  signed.  It  should  be  remem- 
bered that  this  was  all  done  under  the  influence  of  the  western 
European  Powers,  including  Great  Britain.  Rumania  asked 
for  a  slight  addition  to  that  part  of  her  territory  which  lies 
upon  the  Black  Sea  and  is  known  as  the  Dobrudja,  and  the 
territorial  readjustments  of  the  other  Balkan  peoples  made 
Rumania  the  lai^est  and  most  powerful  of  the  Balkan  nations. 
Since  that  time,  naturally,  Bulgaria  has  not  cherished  a  cordial 
friendship  for  Rumania. 

The  southeastern  part  of  Hungary,  which  adjoins  Rumania,  is 
known  as  Transylvania.  The  great  majority  of  the  inhabitants 
of  Transylvania  are  Rumanians  in  origin,  in  language,  in  cus- 
toms, and  in  sympathy.  In  1866  Austria,  which  had  an  agree- 
ment with  Transylvania  to  protect  it  and  guarantee  its  auton- 
omy, gave  to  Hungary  the  right  to  govern  and  dominate  it. 
This  was  done  against  the  protest  of  the  Transylvanians. 
Rumanians  therefore  look  upon  Transylvania  as  the  Italians 
look  upon  that  portion  of  Austria  which  is  known  as  Italia  Irre- 
denta. This  much  of  history  is  necessary  to  understand  why 
Rumania  went  into  the  European  war  on  the  side  of  the  Allies. 

l^rst,  as  Rumania  is  a  Latin  nation,  her  sympathies  have 
idways  been  with  France  as  against  Germany.  Bulgaria  aligned 
herself  on  the  side  of  Germany  and  her  allies  before  Rumania 
made  her  decision.  The  Rumanian  people  therefore  felt  that  it 
was  necessary  for  them  to  join  the  Allies  in  order  to  protect 
themselves  against  the  gprowing  power  of  Bu^ria  on  the 
south,  and  perhaps  with  the  hope  of  obtaining  Transylvania, 
which  she  believed  belonged  to  her,  and  thus  unite  the  Rm  \a- 
nian  people  if  the  Allies  should  be  victorious.  She  was  tn- 
eouraged  in  this  purpose  by  the  Allies,  who  believed  or  hoped 
Ihat,  with  Russia,  Rumania  could  crush  Austria  and  thus  bring 
the  war  to  a  quick  end.  This  briefly  explains  why  Rumania 
went  into  the  war.  Now  it  remains  for  me  to  answer  your  ques- 
tion as  to  why  she  made  peace  with  Germany. 

A  glance  at  a  map  will  show  that  Rumania  has  a  frontier 
on  Austria-Hungary  of  six  hundred  miles,  and  on  Bulgaria 
along  the  Danufe  of  about  two  hundred  miles.  She  thus  had, 
with  an  army  of  less  than  half  a  million  men,  to  protect  a  fron- 
^,   --  1— „  j^  t^t  of  the  western  front  which  the  Entente 


//.  Should  the  United  States  declare  war  on  Bulgaria  a" 
Turkey  ? 

The  fact  that  the  United  States  is  not  at  war  with  Bnlgim 
and  Turkey  is  of  great  importance  for  various  reasons.  TV 
first  is  that  the  Allies  should  maintain  not  only  a  military  vi 
political  solidarity,  but  a  moral  solidarity ;  for  this  war  i:«s& 
first  of  all,  upon  moral  principles.  That  the  United  States  it 
not  at  war  with  Bulgaria  and  with  Turkey  has  made  and  * 
making  a  very  bad  impression  upon  the  people,  if  not  upon  tlr 
Governments,  of  western  and  southeastern  Europe.  Thist 
perfectly  apparent  to  any  one  who  reads  the  newspapers  << 
those  countries.  It  is  true  that  the  United  States  has  brobi 
off  diplomatic  relations  with  Turkey,  but  she  still  maiotaiit 
relations  of  friendship  with  Bulgaria.  This  fact  that  she  is « 
friendly  terms  with  a  bitter  enemy  of  her  own  allies  cannot  M 
but  produce  a  feeling  of  doubt  in  the  minds  of  some  of  th« 
allies,  and  especially  amon?  the  people  of  Rumania,  Serba 
Montenegro,  Albania,  and  Greece,  who  have  the  best  reaso 
for  fear  and  hatred  of  Bulgaria.  At  the  outset  Italy  decW 
war  only  upon  Austria  and  not  npon  Germany.  This  iuc* 
sistency  was  attacked  by  the  newspapers  both  of  Italy  and  << 
Germany,  the  German  people  saying,  "We  must  present « 
solid  front  to  the  foe,  and  we  must  make  war  on  the  enemj  " 
our  ally,  Austria."  The  result  was  that  German  troops  ww 
sent  to  the  Austro-Italian  frontier,  and  finally  Italy  was  co» 
pelled  to  declare  war  upon  Germany  for  moral  reasons  quit«» 
much  as  for  military  reasons.'  In  this  respect  we  can  perluf 
learn  a  lesson  from  our  enemies.  Rumania  also  furnish^  * 
illustration  on  this  point.  In  August,  1916,  she  declared  *" 
only  upon  Austria.  Less  than  a  week  later  Germany  tfl 
graphed  to  the  Romanian  Government  at  its  capital,  Burhar^ 
saying,  in  effect :  "  You  have  made  war  on  our  ally.  We  c» 
sider  you  our  enemy  for  that  reason,  and  declare  war  upon  yw 
Bulgaria  did  the  same,  although  Rumania  had  made  no  aeo> 
ration  of  war  against  her.    It  is  because  of  this  principle'' 

solidarity — solidarity  of  purpose  and  unity  of  action — by  G^ 

Dfgitifed  by  VJ^^OVIV^ 


THE  OUTLOOK 


171 


many  and  her  allies  that  they  have  made  the  great  success  that 
they  have  in  the  first  four  years  of  the  war. 

Second,  in  spite  of  denials  by  pro-Bulgarians,  it  may  be 
tsaerted  that  we  German  General  Staff,  which  has  absolute 
military  control  of  all  the  operations  of  the  Central  Powers,  has 
lent  Bulgarian  troops  to  the  French  front,  and  they  are  there 
ictually  opposed  to  their  friends,  the  American  soldiers.  It 
teems  to  me  that  American  fathers  and  mothers  can  hardly 
kjlerate  the  killing  of  their  sons  by  Bulgarian  troops  whom  the 
^erican  Grovemment  treats  as  friends.  I  know  of  my  own 
knowledge  that  Rumanians  living  in  Transylvania  have  been 
»mpellea  by  force  to  go  with  Austrian  troops  into  Belgiui;n 
ind  France  and  Italy,  and  this  confirms  my  assertion  that  Bul- 
^rian  troops,  under  the  command  of  Prussia,  are  transported 
10  all  parts  of  the  front. 

Third,  a  part  of  the  education  essential  for  the  encourage- 
Dent  of  both  the  military  and  the  civil  population  of  a  nation 
\t  war  is  to  cultivate  a  spirit  of  antagonism  and  of  hatred  for 
he  enemy.  This  is  done  in  the  United  States  with  regard  to 
he  Germans.  You  see-it  everywhere — in  your  newspapers,  in 
rour  moving-picture  sImbb,  in  your  theaters,  in  private  conver- 
ation,  and  even  in  youawimrches.  But  nothing  of  this  kind  is 
lone  officially  against  thBuTurks  and  the  Bulgarians,  who  have 
leen  guilty  of  atrocities^Md  inhumanities  qmte  equal  to  those 
f  the  Germans.  How  amid  there  be  when  your  Government 
«rmit8  the  Bulgarian  MiaiBter  to  remain  in  Washington  on  the 
ame  friendly  terms  upon  which  the  Ambassador  from  France 
r  the  Ambassador  from  England  lives  there  ? 

Fourth,  I  do  not  need  to  add  what  The  Outlook  has  already 
ailed  attention  to  several  times,  that,  if  the  Bulgarian  Minister 
I  an  honorable  representative  of  his  country,  it  is  his  duty  to 
eport  to  his  country,  and  thus  to  Germany,  all  the  important 
iformation  he  can  obtain  about  military  movements  and  prep- 
rations  in  the  United  States.  Do  the  mothers  and  fathers  of 
Lmerican  soldiers  crossing  on  your  transports  want  in  Wasb- 
igton,  with  access  to  all  the  information  uiat  can  be  obtained 
lere,  the  agent  of  one  of  Germany's  partners  who  oould  if  he 
esired  transmit  information  which  might  readily  lead  to  the 
nking  of  a  transpoil  ?  I  do  not  assert  that  he  has  sent  such 
iformation,  but  I  simply  say  that  the  fact  that  he  is  the  repre- 
mtative  of  one  of  the  Central  Powers  fills  one's  soul  with 
9ubt  aod  questioning  about  the  situation.  I  admit  that  there 
re  many  Bulgarians,  as  there  are  many  Germans,  in  the  United 
tatea  who  do  not  at  all  sympathize  with  the  political  or  mili- 
kry  policy  of  their  Government.  I  feel  quite  sure  that  there  are 
lany  Bulgarians  here  who  would  like  to  aid  the  United  States 
f  giving  mformation  or  in  other  ways,  but  are  prevented  from 
>ing  so  by  fear  of  the  Bulgarian  Minister  at  Washington  and 
8  power.  I  myself  have  talked  with  a  Bulgarian  since  I  hr«,ve 
»en  in  New  York,  who  said  to  me :  "I  womd  like  to  tell  you 
me  things,  but  I  do  not  dare  to  do  so,  for  if  it  should  get  to 
«  ears  of  the  Bulgarian  Minister  in  Washington  he  oould 
ake  it  very  uncomfortable  for  me." 

Fifth,  when  Germany  desires  to  do  some  piece  of  propaganda 
'  destructive  work  in  the  United  States,  like  the  blowing  up  of 
ctories,  or  maintaining  vrireless  stations,  or  sinking  steamships 
harbor,  or  such  acts,  all  of  which  she  has  been  gudty  of  in  the 
ist,  it  is  much  easier  for  her  to  do  itwith  a  partner's  representa- 
ve  sitting  in  Wasbingfton  and  recognized  by  the  Government. 
It  has  been  said  to  me  since  I  have  b^en  here  that  the  United 
ates  should  refrain  from  making  war  on  Turkey  because  of 
e  great  educational  interests  which  the  United  States  has  in 
e  Tnrkish  Empire,  such  as  Robert  College  at  Constantinople, 
id  that  if  the  American  Government  makes  war  upon  Turkey 
e  work  of  these  institutions  will  be  destroyed.  This  motive 
nnot  be  treated  as  a  serious  one.  When  so  many  millions  of 
ula  have  been  sacrificed  and  so  many  countries  have  been 
stroyed  to  attain  the  objects  of  this  great  war,  it  is  out  of 
ace  to  jeopardize  the  purposes  and  principles  of  this  conflict 
order  to  save  Robert  College.  To  lose  Robert  College  would 
:  nothing  in  comparison  with  the  incalctdable  sacrifices  which 
imanity  nas  made  in  this  war  for  liberty. 

///.    What  should  be  done  with   the   Attstro-Hungarian 

fnpire  t 

Many  writers  think   that   Austria-Hungary  must  be  dis- 


membered ;  but  to  arrive  at  this  result  requires  one  of  two 
hypotheses.  The  first  is  that  the  Central  Powers  receive  an 
absolute  military  defeat,  and  that  the  territory  of  Germany  and 
AuBtria-Hungary  be  occupied  by  the  Allied  armies.  The  second 
hypothesis  is  that  Germany  should  voluntarily  consent  to  such 
a  dismemberment. 

The  first  hypothesis,  which  we  all  ardently  desire,  is  yet  too 
far  distant  to  be  admitted.  If  we  accept  the  figures  given  by 
Ch^radame,  Germany  has  now  under  her  control  twenty-two 
Bullion  soldiers.  The  hope  of  the  Allies  now  rests  almost 
entirely  on  the  United  States,  which  is  able  to  send  many 
millions  of  soldiers  to  Europe ;  but  that  will  take  a  long  time. 
And  we  have  now  still  another  interesting  and  oom^cated 
problem — that  of  Russia.  Russia  has  160,000,000  inhaDitantn. 
and  in  man  power  she  is  able  to  preduee  many  millions  of 
soldiers — even  more  than  the  United  States.  It  is  certain 
that  Russia  will  re-enter  the  war;  but  it  is  not  so  certain 
whether  she  will  enter  on  the  side  of  the  Allies  or  on  the  side 
of  Germany.  .That  depends  upon  the  struggle  which  is  now 
going  on  between  the  influence  in  Russia  of  the  Allies  and  that 
of  Germany.  If  Russia  finally  throws  herself  in  with  Germany, 
the  force  and  power  of  the  United  States  wiU  be  counter- 
balanced and  the  situation  of  the  Allies  wiU  then  be  a  very 
difficult  one.  If  Russia,  however,  goes  with  the  Allies,  Germany 
is  hopelessly  lost.  The  present  victories  of  the  Allies  at  the 
moment  ought  not  to  make  us  lose  our  heads.  We  should 
calmly  look  into  the  future,  and  we  should  never  lose  sight  of 
the  power  of  Germany  in  oiganizing  prop^anda.  She  is  now 
carrying  on  a  work  of  propaganda  in  Russia  beyond  the  con- 
ception, I  am  afraid,  oi  most  Americans. 

The  first  hypothesis,  that  to  dismember  Austria-Hungary 
the  Allies  must  occupy  German  and  Austrian  territory,  can- 
not be  settled  until  the  Russian  problem  is  settied,  because,  if 
Russia  becomes  thoroughly  Germanized,  Germany  will  be  un- 
conquerable, at  least  for  a  long  time  to  oome. 

My  second  h3rpothesis  was  the  consent  of  Germany  to  a  par- 
tition of  AustriarHungary.  If  Germany  shotdd  consent  to  such 
a  pai^tion,  which  is  so  improbable  as  to  be  hardly  worth  dis- 
cussing, she  would  do  it  only  if  she  took  the  twelve  millions  of 
Germans  who  now  live  in  the  Austrian  Empire.  There  would 
tiien  be  a  greatiy  augmented  Germany,  with  from  eighty  to  a 
hundred  mmions  of  population,  with  a  number  of  smaU  nations 
formed  of  the  remaining  portion  of  Austria-Himgary  and  dom- 
inated by  Germany  economically  and  politically.  The  great  dis- 
advantage to  Europe  of  a  Germany  augmented  in  this  way 
would  more  than  outweigh  any  supposed  advantage  of  giving 
the  Jugoslavs,  Bohemians,  etc.,  etc.,  their  independence,  in  my 
opinion,  the  only  possible  practical  solution  is  to  give  back,  if 
the  Allies  win,  that  portion  of  the  Austro-Hungarian  Empire 
known  as  Italia  Irredenta  to  Italy  and  Transylvania  to  Rumania, 
because  in  those  territories  the  population  is  practically  com- 
pact, Italian  in  the  one  case,  Rumanian  in  the  other,  and  then 
to  form  a  group  of  states  on  the  ethnological  principle,  such  as 
a  Slavic  state,  a  German  state,  a  Hungarian  state,  a  Bohemian 
state — all  to  be  federated  under  a  constitutional  monarchy 
administered  by  some  Austrian  ruling  house.  In  this  case  the 
twelve  millions  of  Germans  now  living  in  Austria  would  be  one 
of  these  federated  states. 

IV.  What  should  be  dotie  at  the  peace  table  inith  the 
Balkan  States,  including  Miananiat 

The  Balkan  question  presents  difficulties  even  greater  per- 
haps than  the  problems  of  the  future  of  Austria-Hungary.  This 
is  because  in  the  Balkan  Peninsula  are  found  seven  small  states 
with  very  conflicting  interests.  The  chief  of  these  conflicting 
interests  is  found  in  the  fact  that  in  the  old  territory  of  Turkey 
in  Europe,  before  the  partition  which  followed  the  recent  Balkan 
wars,  are  Serbians,  Greeks,  Bulgarians,  Turks,  and  Rumanians, 
none  of  whom  are  satisfied  with  the  terms  of  the  partition.  On 
the  other  hand,  the  great  Euroiiean  Powers  have  in  the  past 
interfered  in  Balkan  politics  without  understandilig  either  their 
own  real  interests  or  the  interests  of  the  Balkan  peoples  them- 
selves. The  first  Balkan  War  found  the  Balkan  nations  in  the 
most  perfect  accord  that  they  have  ever  enjoyetl  in  modem 
times — an  accord  which  resulted  from  their  <H>mmon  desire  to 
drive  Turkey  out  of  Europe  and  jpQ|'{^J§<^|'H£jf(^^X,^^^i>g 


172 


THE   OUTLOOK 


2  Octoba 


the  Balkan  peoples  in  accordance  with  the  rights  of  each  nation. 
In  my  judgment,  if  the  European  Powers  had  not  interfered, 
notably  Austria,  vrith  her  intrigues,  the  Balkan  question  would 
have  been  largdy  settled  by  the  first  Balkan  War.  These 
intrigues  of  the  Western  Powers  were  due  to  their  desire  to 
maintain  the  old  theory  of  the  balance  of  power.  Austria,  for 
example,  did  not  want  Serbia  to  reach  the  Adriatic,  nor  did 
Italy  want  Greece  to  obtain  the  valuable  port  of  Avlona. 
Therefore  Austria  and  Italy  combined  to  erect  an  independent 
Albania.  At  the  same  time,  Germany  did  not  want  Turkey 
totally  expelled  from  Europe  because  she  needed  the  friendship 
of  Turkey  in  order  to  carry  out  her  plans  of  extending  German 
influence  in  Asiatic  Turkey. 

The  result  of  this  interference  of  the  European  Powers  was 
the  creation  of  a  fictitious  Albanian  state;  the  reduction  of 
Turkish  territory  to  a  mere  strip  of  land  from  which  she  could 
defend  Constantinople  and  the  Dardanelles  ;  and  the  increasing 
demands  of  Bulgana,  encouraged  by  Austria,  which  led  to  the 
second  Balkan  War.  The  hatred  and  jealousy  created  by  the 
second  Balkan  War  and  by  the  inteiterence  of  the  Western 
Powers  are  so  stnmg  that  the  Balkan  question  cannot  now  be 
settled  amicably.  If  the  Allies  are  victorious,  in  my  judgment, 
they  must  insist  upon  it  that  Serbia  shall  reach  uie  Adriatic, 
that  Greece  shall  extend  to  Avlona,  that  Bulgaria  shall  be 
reduced  in  size,  that  Rumania  shall  hoive  the  entire  Dobrudja, 
that  Turkey  shall  be  driven  out  of  Europe  and  her  European 
territory  shall  be  divided  between  Greece,  Serbia,  and  Bul^^ia, 
and  that  Constantinople  shall  be  internationalized.  This  is  the 
only  practical  solution-  of  the  Balkan  question,  and  it  must  be 
determined  and  maintained  by  the  concerted  action  of  the 
Allies.  Here  again  comes  the  difficulty  which  arises  from 
America's  technical  friendship  with  Bulgaria  and  Turkey.  If 
the  Allies  are  to  carry  out  the  programme  which  I  have  sug- 
gested, they  must  do  it  with  America's  concurrence,  and  this 
would  be  very  difficult  for  the  American  Government  if  it 
maintains  its  diplmiatic  friendship  with  Bulgaria  and  Turkey. 

Germany  has  obtained  her  predominating  influence  in  cen- 


tral  and  southeastern  Europe  by  her  economic  and  financial 
support  of  those  regions.  Let  me  give  you  one  tyiHcal  illnstn- 
tion.  A  few  years  before  the  war  uie  present  Prime  Ministei 
of  Rumania,  then  a  member  of  the  Cabinet,  said  to  his  oti 
leagues  who  shared  his  sympathies  with  France :  "  We  are  bor 
rowing  too  much  money  of  Germany  and  thus  giving  her  few 
strong  a  hold  upon  us.  Why  do  we  not  go  to  France  ?"' "  Ven 

food,  said  his  colleagues ;  "  see  what  you  can  do."  He  went  tu 
'aris  and  attempted  to  negotiate  a  loan  of  fifty  millions  ai 
dollars,  but  was  very  politdy  "  turned  down,"  as  you  say,  bj 
the  Parisian  bankers,  who  with  the  utmost  tact  and  courtem 
explained  that  they  were  too  unfamiliar  with  the  resources  am) 
economic  conditions  of  Rumania  to  negotiate  such  a  loan.  Cl» 
grined  and  unwilling  to  return  home  without  the  money,  k 
then  went  to  Berlin  and  was  received  with  open  arms.  "  OdIt 
fifty  million  dollars !"  said  the  Berlin  financiers.  "  That's  t» 
little.  You  ought  to  have  a  hundred  millions."  And  they  gin 
him.  readily  what  he  needed.  He  learned  that  when  the  umie- 
writing  was  completed  the  Parisian  bankers  had  taken  fortt 
per  cent  of  the  loan  because  it  had  the  moral  indorsement  of 
Berlin.  If  the  people  of  the  United  States  want  peaoe,  freedtn. 
and  democratic  development  in  Europe,  they  must  give  or  tii 
in  ^ving  the  financial  and  economic  sij^port  to  the  smi^ 
nations  which  has  been  one  of  Oaa  most  effective  instnuneDta  d 
German  domination. 

V.   What  about  Turkey  in  Europe  and  Constantinople ! 

The  answ^  to  this  question  is  eomfnaoi  in  what  I  have  JM 
said  about  the  Balkan  situation. 

In  condusion,  I  should  like  to  say  that,  in  my  judgment,  tb 
Allies  can  reach  a  satisfactory  victory  only  by  their  oorrM 
solution  of  the  Balkan,  the  Austrian,  and  the  Russian  qoestiam 
as  I  have  outiined  them.  No  military  victory  on  the  westec 
front  will  destroy  the  menace  of  Pan-Germanism  until  tk 
Balkan  and  Austrian  territorial  problems  are  settled  and  tlfc 
economic  and  political  problems  of  Russia  are  solved. 
N«w  York  City,  Septambei'20, 1918. 


ON  NIGHT  PATROL 

A   TALE    OF   THE    AMERICAN    DESTROYERS 
BY   HENRY   B.  BESTON 


IT  was  the  end  of  the  afternoon.  There  was  light  in  the  west- 
em  sky  and  on  the  winding  bay  astern,  but  ahead,  leaden, 
still,  and  slightiy  tilted  up  to  a  gray  bank  of  eastern  cloud, 
lay  the  forsaken  and  beleaguered  sea.  The  destroyer,  nosing 
slowly  through  the  gap  in  the  nets  by  the  harbor  mouth,  entered 
the  swept  channel,  mcreased  her  speed,  and,  trembling  to  the 
growing  vibration,  hurried  on  into  tiie  dark.  High,  crumbling, 
and  excessively  romantic,  the  Irish  coast  behind  her  died  away. 
Tragic  waters  lay  before  her.  Whatever  illusory  friendliness 
men  had  read  into  the  sea  had  vanished ;  the  great  leaden  disk 
about  the  vessel  seemed  as  insecure  as  a  mountain  road  down 
whose  length  travelers  cease  from  speaking  for  fear  of  ava- 
lanches. "A  vast  circular  ambush."  Somehow  the  beholder 
cannot  help  feeling  that  the  waters  should  show  some  sig^  of 
the  horrors  they  have  seen.  But  the  sea  has  swallowed  all,  mem- 
ories as  well  as  living  men,  engfulfing  a  thousand  wrecks  as 
completely  as  time  eneulfs  a  thousand  years. 

The  dark  came  swinly,  almost  as  if  the  destroyer  had  sailed 
to  find  it  in  that  bank  of  eastern  cloud.  There  was  an  interval 
of  twilight — no  dying  glow,  but  a  mere  pause  in  the  pale  ebb  of 
the  day.  The  destroyer  had  begun  to  roll.  Looking  back  from 
the  bridge,  one  saw  the  lean,  inconceivably  lean,  steel  deck,  the 
joints  of  the  plates  still  visible,  the  guns  to  each  side  with  their 
attendant  crews,  a  machine  gun  swinging  on  a  pivot  like  a 
weather-vane,  ihe  gentiy  swaymg  bulk  of  the  suspended  motor 
dories  and  lifeboats,  and  the  four  great  tubes  of  the  funnels 
rising  flush  from  the  plates,  and  crowned  with  a  tremble  of 
vibration  from  the  oil  flames  below.  And  all  this  lean  world 
swung  slowly  from  side  to  side,  rocking  as  gentiy  as  a  child's 
cradle,  swayed  as  if  by  some  gentle  force  from  within. 


The  destroyer  was  out  on  patroL  A  part  of  the  threat«sM^ 
sea  had  been  gfiven  to  her  to  watch  and  ward.  She  was  tk* 
guardian,  the  avenger. 

The  supper  hour  arrived.  Men  came  in  groups  to  the  gaUt? 
door,  some  to  depart  with  steamy  pannikins ;  there  was  a  sntefi 
of  good  food  very  satisfying  to  children  of  earth.  In  the  o&ceti 
ward-room,  when  dinner  was  over  and  the  N^nx>  meas  b(n< 
were  silently  folding  the  white  cloth,  securing  we  chairs,  mbs 
tidying  up,  those  not  on  watch  settied  down  to  a  friendly  talk 
All  the  lights  except  one  bulb  bangle  over  the  table  i£  • 
pyramidal  tin  shade  had  been  switched  off.  It  was  very  qaiK- 
Now  and  then  one  could  hear  the  splash  of  a  wave  against  tt' 
side,  a  footfall  on  the  deck  overhead,  or  the  tinkle  of  the  kniTt« 
and  forks  which  the  steward  was  putting  away  in  a  draw 
The  banging  light  swayed  with  the  motion  of  the  ship,  trailicr 
a  pool  of  light  up  and  down  the  oaken  table.  Cigarette  snii>£- 
rose  in  wisps,  and  long,  langorous  Oriental  coils  to  the  ckai 
cpiling.  A  sailor  or  two  came  in  for  his  orders.  Hushed  vok» 
talking  apart,  a  direction  to  do  this  or  that,  a  respectful,  bo^h 
nesalike  "Yes,  sir,"  a  quiet  withdrawal  by  the  only  door.  It  ^ra 
all  very  calm ;  it  had  the  atmosphere  of  a  cruise ;  yet  those  alxttr' 
might  have  been  torpedoed  any  minute,  struck  a  mine,  crasbn. 
into  a  submarine  fooling  about  too  near  the  surface  (this  i» 
happened),  or  been  sunk  in  thirty  seconds  by  some  hurrying 
furtive  brute  of  a  liner  which  would  have  ridden  over  them  & 
easily  as  a  snake  goes  over  a  branch.  The  talk  flowed  in  mas', 
channels — on  the  problems  of  destroyers,  on  the  adventures  < 
other  boats,  on  members  of  the  crew  soon  to  be  advanoed  ; 
commissioned  rating,  but  under  the  thought  and  imder  the  wofo 
could  be  discerned  the  one  fierce  purpose  of  these  fighting  liv.» 


Digitized  by  -,^jiW 


1%^ 


1918 


THE   OUTLOOK 


173 


the  will  to  strike  down  the  submarine  and  open  the  lanes  of  the 
sea.  Ob,  the  vi^lanne,  the  energy,  the  keenness,  of  the  Ameri- 
can patrol!  There  were  tales  of  U-boats  hiding  in  suspected 
bays,  of  merchantmen  swiftly  and  terribly  avenged,  of  voices 
that  cried  for  help  in  the  night,  of  lifeboats  almost  awash  in 
foul  waters,  and  of  dead  floating  horribly.  The  war  of  the 
destroyer  against  the  submarine  b  a  matter  of  tragic  melo- 
drama. 

The  wandering  glow  of  the  swaying  lamp  was  reflected  from 
the  varnished  table  now  to  one  keen  young  face,  now  to  another*. 
**  Running  a  destroyer  is  a  yomig  man's  game,"  says  the  Navy. 
True  enongh.  Pray  dc  not  imagine  them  as  a  crew  of  "  heU- 
driving  boys."  The  destroyer  service  is  the  achievement  of  the 
man  in  the  early  thirties,  of  the  officer  with  a  yotuig  man's  vigor 
and  energy  and  the  resolution  of  maturity.  After  all,  the  Navy 
Department  is  not  yet  trusting  vessels  worth  several  million  dol- 
lars and  carrying  over  a  hundbred  men  to  eager  youngsters  who 
have  no  background  of  experience  to  their  energy,  good  will,  and 
bravery.  If  you  would  imagine  a  destroyer  captain,  take  your 
man  of  thirty-two  or  thirty-three,  give  him  blue  eyes,  a  keen, 
clear-cut  face,  essentially  American  in  its  features,  a  sailor's  tan, 
and  a  sprinkling  of  gray  hair.  A  type  to  remember,  for  to  the 
destroyer  captam  more  than  to  any  other  single  figure  do  we 
owe  our  opportunity  of  winning  the  war. 

The  evening  waned.  The  officers  who  were  to  go  on  wateh  at 
twelve  stole  off  to  get  a  little  sleep  before  being  ctuled.  The  nav- 
igator and  the  senior  engineer  slept  on  the  transoms  of  the  ward- 
room. A  junior  officer  lingered  beneath  the  solitary  ever-swinging 
light,  reading  a  magazine.  A  little  itch  worked  itself  into 
the  destroyer  s  motion,  a  swift  upward  leap,  a  little  cateh  in  mid- 
air, a  descent  ending  in  a  quiver.  The  voice  of  the  waters  grew 
louder,  there  were  hissing  splashes,  watery  blows,  bubbly 
guiles. 

The  sleeping  officers  had  not  paused  to  undress.  Nobody 
bothers  to  strip  on  a  destrover.  There  isn't  time,  and  a  man  has 
to  be  ready  on  the  instant  for  any  eventuality. 

The  door  giving  on  a  narrow  pa^ageway  to  the  deck  opened, 
■nd  as  it  st^d  ajar,  the  hissing  of  the  water  alongside  invaded 
the  silent  room.  A  sailor  in  a  blue  reefer,  a  big  lad  with  big 
hands  and  simple,  friendly  face,  entered  quietly,  walked  over  to 
a  transom  and  said ; 

"Twelve  o'dook,  sir." 

**  All  right,  Simmons,"  said  the  engineer,  sitting  up  and  kick- 
ing off  the  clothes  at  once  with  a  quick  gesture;  uien  he  swung 
his  legs  over  the  aide  of  the  bunk,  pulled  on  a  coat  and  hat,  and 
wandered  out  to  take  his  trick  at  the  bridge. 

He  found  a  lovely,  starlit  night,  a  night  rich  in  serenity  and 
promised  peace,  a  night  for  lovers,  a  poet's  night  There  was 
phoaphoreeoence  in  the  water,  and  as  tne  destroyer  rolled  from 
tide  to  side  now  the  guns  and  rails  to  port,  now  those  to  star- 
ixiard,  stood  shaped  agunst  the  spectral  trail  of  foam  running 
river-like  alongside.  One  could  see  some  distance  ahead  over 
;he  haunted  puun.  The  men  by  the  guns  were  changing  wateh ; 
!>lack  figures  came  down  the  lane  by  the  funnels.  A  sailor  was 
irawing  cocoa  in  a  white  enamel  cup  from  a  tap  off  the  galley 
iraU.  The  hatehway  leading  to  the  quarters  of  the  crew  vras 
»pen  ;  it  was  dark  within  ;  the  engineer  heard  the  wiry  creak 
rf  a  bunk  into  which  some  one  had  just  tumbled.  The  engineer 
tlimbed  two  little  flights  of  steps  to  the  bridge.  It  was  just  mid- 
light.  It  was  very  st3l  on  the  bridge,  for  all  of  the  ten  or  twelve 
leople  standing  by.  All  verv  qmet  and  rather  solemn.  One 
An  t  escape  from  the  rich  melodrama  of  it  all.  The  bridge  was 
i  little  low-roofed  space  perhaps  ten  feet  wide  and  eight  feet 
Dfigf ;  it  had  a  front  wall  shaped  like  a  wide  outward-pointing 
i  ;  its  sides  and  rear  were  open  to  the  night  The  handful  of 
•fficera  and  men  on  wateh  stood  at  various  points  along  the  walls 
teering  out  into  the  darkness.  Phosphorescent  crests  of  low, 
breaking  waves  flecked  the  waters  about ;  it  was  incredibly 
pectral.  In  the  heart  of  the  bridge  burned  its  only  light  a 
itnnade  lamp  burning  as  steadily  as  a  light  in  the  chancel  of  a 
larkened  church ;  the  glow  cast  the  shadow  of  the  helmsman 
jid  the  bars  of  the  wheel  down  upon  the  floor  in  radiations  of 
ight  and  shade  like  the  stripes  of  a  Japanese  flag.  The  captain, 
:eeping  a  sharp  lookout  over  the  bow,  gave  his  orders  now  and 
beu  to  the  helmsman,  a  petty  officer  with  a  sober,  serious  face. 
Siuldenly  there  were  steps  on  the  companionway  behind  ;  the 


dark  outline  of  some  messenger  appeared,  a  shallow  on  a  back- 
ground  of  shades.  The  sailor  peered  round  for  his  chief,  and 
said,  "  Mr.  Andrews  sent  me  up,  sir,  to  report  hearing  a  depth 
bomb  or  a  mine  explode  at  12:25." 

"  Was  it  very  loud,  Williams  ?" 

"  Yes,  sir  ;  I  should  have  said  that  it  wasn't  more  than  a  few 
miles  away.  We  all  heard  it  quite  distinctly,  down  below." 

Evidently  some  devil's  work  was  going  on  in  the  heart  of  the 
darkness.  The  vibration  had  travded  through  the  water  and 
had  be>en  heard,  as  always,  in  that  part  of  the  ship  below  the 
water-line. 

Williams  withdrew.  The  destroyer  rushed  on  into  the  romantic 
night 

"  Must  have  spotted  something  on  the  surface,"  said  some 
one.  A  radio  operator  appeared  with  a  sheaf  of  telegrams: 
"  Submarine  seen  in  latitude  x  and  longitude  y."  "  Derelict 
awash  iu  position  so  and  so."  "  Grun-fire  heard  off  Cape  Z  at 
half-past  eleven."  It  all  had  to  do  with  the  Channel  zone  to  the 
south.  The  captain  shoved  the  sheaf  into  a  pocket  of  his  jacket. 

Suddenly  through  the  dark  was  heard  a  hard,  thundering 
pound. 

"  By  jingo,  there's  another  1"  said  somebody.  "  Near  by,  too. 
Wonder  what's  up?" 

"  Sounded  more  like  a  torpedo  this  time,"  said  an  invisible 
speaker  in  a  heavy,  dogged  voice.  A  stir  of  interest  gripped  the 
bridge ;  one  could  see  it  in  the  shining  eyes  of  the  young  helms- 
man. Two  of  the  sailors  discussed  the  thing  in  whispers  ;  frag- 
ments of  conversation  might  have  been  overheard — "  No,  I 
should  have  said  off  the  port  bow."  "  Isn't  this  about  the  place 
where  the  Welsh  Prince  got  hers?"  "  Listen !  didn't  you  hear 
something  then  ?" 

From  somewhere  in  the  distance  came  three  long  blasts — blasts 
of  a  deep  roaring  whistle. 

"  Something's  up,  sure !" 

The  destroyer,  in  obedience  to  an  order  of  the  captain,  took  a 
sharp  turn  to  port,  and,  turning^,  left  far  behind  a  curving,  lumi- 
nous trail  upon  the  sea.  -The  wmd  was  dying  down.  Again  there 
were  steps  on  the  way. 

"  Distress  signal,  sir,"  said  the  messenger  from  the  radio-room, 
a  shock-haired  lad  who  spoke  with  the  precise  intonation  of  a 
Bostonian.  » 

The  captain  stepped  to  the  side  of  the  binnacle,  lowered  the 
flimsy  sheet  into  the  glow  of  the  lamp,  and  summoned  his  offi- 
cers. The  message  r^ul  "  S.  S.  2jemblan,^  poaition  x.  y.  z.,  tor- 
pedoed, request  immediate  assistance." 

An  instant  later  several  things  happened  all  at  once.  The 
"  general  quarters  "  alarm  bell,  which  sends  every  man  to  his 
station,  be^m  to  ring,  full  speed  ahead  was  rung  on  in  the  engine- 
room,  and  the  destroyer's  course  was  altered  once  more.  Men 
began  to  tumble  up  out  of  the  hatehways,  tigures  rushed  along 
the  dark  deck — there  were  voices,  questions,  names.  The  alarm 
bell  rang  as  monotonously  as  an  ordinary  door-bell  whose  switeh 
has  jammed.  But  soon  one  sound,  the  roaring  of  the  giant  blow- 
ers sucking  in  air  for  the  forced  draught  m  the  boiler-room, 
overtoj^pedand  crushed  all  other  frafments  of  noise,  even  as  an 
advancing  wave  gathers  into  itself  and  destroys  pools  and  rills  left 
along  the  beach  by  the  tide.  A  roaring  sound,  a  deep  windy 
hum.  Grathering  speed  at  once,  the  destroyer  leaped  ahead.  And 
even  as  violence  overtook  the  lives  and  works  of  men,  the  calm 
upon  the  sea  became  ironically  more  than  ever  assuring  and 
serene. 

"  Good  visibility,"  said  somebody  on  the  bridge.  "  She  can't 
be  more  than  three  miles  away  now.   Hello,  there's  a  rocket !" 

A  faint  bronzy  p^lden  trail,  suddenly  flowering  into  a  droop- 
ing cluster  of  darting  white  lights,  gleamed  for  a  nigitive  instant 
among  the  westering  winter  stars. 

"  I  saw  her,  sir  1"  cried  one  of  the  lookouts. 

"  Where  is  she,  O'FarreU  ?" 

"  Quite  a  bit  to  the  left  of  the  rocket  sir.  She's  settling  by 
the  head." 

The  beautiful  night  closed  in  again.  O'Farrell  and  the  en- 
gineer continued  to  peer  out  into  the  dark.  Suddenly  both  of 
Qiera  cried  out  using  exactly  the  same  words  at  exactly  the 
same  time,  "  Torpedo  off  the  port  bow,  sir !" 

The  thing  had  become  visible  in  an  instant.  It  could  be  seen 
I  /riiiblnii  in  of  («urm  a  tictitiona  mune.  ^— >  f 

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174 


THE  OUTLOOK 


as  a  rushing  white  streak  in  the  dark  water,  and  was  coining 
towards  the  destroyer  with  the  speed  of  an  express  train,  com- 
ing like  a  bullet  out  of  a  gtm. 

'*  Hard  over !"  cried  the  captain.  The  wheel  spun,  the  roar- 
ing, trembling  ship  turned  in  the  dark.  A  strange  diing  hap- 
pened. Just  as  the  destroyer  had  cleared  the  dani^er  line  the 
torpedo,  as  if  actuated  by  SQme  nudevolent  intelligence,  por- 
poised, and  actually  turned  again  towards  the  vessel.  The  fate 
of  the  destroyer  lay  on  the  knees'  of  the  gods.  Those  on  the 
bridge  instinctively  braced  themselves  for  tne  shock.  The  affair 
seemed  to  be  taking  a  long  time,  a  terribly  long  time.  An 
instant  later  the  contrivance  rushed  through  the  foaming  wake 
of  the  destntyer  only  a  few  yards  astern,  and,  oontinnmg  on, 
disappeared  in  the  calm  and  glittering  dark.  A  floating  red 
light  suddenly  appeared  just  ahead,  and  at  the  same  moment  all 
caught  sight  of  die  Zemblau.  ' 

She  was  hardly  more  than  half  a  mile  away.  Somebody 
aboard  her  had  evidently  just  thrown  over  one  of  those  life- 
buoys with  a  self-igniting  torch  attachment,  and  this  buoy 
burned  a  steady  orange  red  just  off  that  side  on  which  the  vessel 
was  listing.  The  dark,  stricken,  motionless  bulk  leaned  over  the 
little  pool  of  orange  radiance.  Gleaming  in  a  fitful  pool  roimd 
the  floating  torch,  one  oould  see  vague  figures  working  on  a 
boat  by  the  stem,  and  one  figure  walking  briskly  down  the 
deck  to  join  them.  There  was  not  a  sign  of  any  explosion — ^no 
breakage,  no  splintered  wood.  Some  «iips  are  stricken  and  go 
to  their  death  m  flames  and  eddying  steam — go  to  their  death 


as  a  wounded  soldier  goes.  Other  ships  resemble  a  strong  mas 
suddenly  stricken  by  some  incurable  and  mysterious  disease. 
The  unhappy  Zemblan  was  of  this  latter  class.  There  were  two 
boats  on  the  water,  splashing  their  oars  with  the  calm  r^fularit; 
of  the  college  crews ;  there  were  inarticulate  and  lonely  cries. 

Away  from  the  light,  and  but  vaguely  seen  against  the  mid- 
night sky,  lay  a  British  patrol  boat  which  had  nappened  to  be 
very  close  at  hand.  And  other  boats  were  signaling :  **  Zemblan 
—am  coming."  A  sloop  sigiialed  the  destroyer  that  she  would 
look  after  the  snrvivors.  Cries  were  no  longer  heard.  Round 
and  itound  the  ship  in  great  sweeps  went  the  destroyer,  seeking 
a  chance  to  be  of  use — to  avenge.  Other  vessels  arrived,  talked 
by  wireless,  and  disappeared  before  they  had  been  more  than 
vaguely  seen. 

Just  after  two  o'clock  the  Zemblan 's  stem  rose  in  the  air  and 
hung  suspended  motionless.  The  tilted  bulk  might  have  been  a 
rook  thrust  suddenly  out  of  the  deep  towards  the  starry  skr. 
Then  suddenly,  as  it  released  from  a  pose,  the  stem  plunged 
under — plunged  as  if  it  were  the  last  act  of  the  vessel's  conseiom 
wiU. 

The  destroyer  cruised  about  till  dawn.  A  breeze  sprang  np 
with  the  first  glow  of  day  and  scattered  the  litde  wreckagp 
which  had  floated  sill^-solemnly  about.  Nothing  remained  to 
tell  of  an  act  more  terrible  tiian  murder,  more  base  than  assiii- 
sination. 

The  captain  gave  one  searching  glance  over  the  awakend 
sea  and  ordered  the  destroyer  back  to  her  patroL 


"FEAR  NOT   THEM" 

BY   EDWARD    J.   HARDING 


Alas  for  all  the  ruin  and  the  woe 
Of  this  devouring  war !  the  young  lives  quelled. 
The  tortured  bo£es,  and  the  hearts  that  bleed. 
Kingdoms  enslaved,  and  deserted  homes ! 
But  there  are  powers  invulnerable  to  you. 
Proud  warriors,  that  shall  build  the  world  anew. 

Will  ye  put  out  the  sun's  eternal  fire. 
And  rend  the  crimson  curtain  of  the  dawn  ? 
Turn  roaring  ocean  to  a  slimy  pool. 
And  smirch  the  crystals  of  the  falling  snow  ? 
Level  the  moimtain  bastions,  and  unmake 
The  mirrored  skies  and  forests  of  the  lake  ? 

Can  ye  destroy  the  majesty  of  night. 
The  lovely  moon  unveuing  silently. 
The  sparkling  of  the  innumerable  stars. 
The  stealing  awe,  the  impassioned  ecstasy 
Of  souls  upborne  to  heavenly  heights  sublime, 
Consdoos  of  Crod,  and  conquerors  of  time  ? 


What,  will  ye  paralyze  the  painter's  hand. 
And  hush  the  echoes  of  the  poet's  hymn  ? 
Shall  music's  lingering  sweetness  bring  no  more 
Such  peace  as  when  an  angel  passes  nigh  ? 
Shall  apple  blossoms  lose  uieir  delicate  hue. 
And  b^uty  flee  the  world  because  of  you  ? 

Think  ye  to  make  of  love  a  pestilence. 

And  ban  for  heresy  the  mother's  kiss  ? 

Shall  man  his  noblest  faculties  for^o. 

High-hearted  hope,  imagination  fair. 

And  all  that's  genial,  all  that's  glad  and  sweet. 

Trampling  the  pearls  of  heaven  with  swinish  feet  ? 

Go  to  I  Your  force  is  naught,  yoor  victories  vain  I 

Slaves  of  illusion,  ye  for  shadows  war ; 

Not  yours  to  alter  or  obliterate 

The  glowing  thoughts  of  the  Immortal  Mind  ; 

On  transitory  things  ye  work  your  will ; 

The  quickening  spirit  of  God  abideth  stilL 


KNOLL  PAPERS 

BY  LYMAN  ABBOTT 
TEXTS   AND   THEMES   FOR   THE   TIMES 


A  FRIEND  called  my  attention  the  other  day  to  an  adver- 
tisement announcing  that  the  minister  in  a  prominent 
church  in  his  neighborhood  would  preach  the  following 
Simday  on  "  How  to  Choose  a  Husband."  This  might  have 
been  a  good  theme  for  a  humorous  essay  by  Dr.  Crothers  or  for 
one  of  E.  S.  Martin's  inimitable  editorials  in  '*^  Life."  But  it 
hardly  seems  worthy  of  a  successor  of  Isaiah  and  Paul,  of 
Savonarola  and  Massillon,  of  John  Wesley  and  Phillips  Brooks. 
And  it  set  me  «^dering  whether  there  were  many  preachers 
in  America  as  hard  pressed  for  a  theme ;  and,  then,  what  are  the 
themes  which  should  inspire  the  sermons  of  the  preachers  of 
to-day  ?  This  paper  is  the  result  of  some  reflections  upon  tlus 
subject. 

I  am  very  doubtful  about  the  wisdom  of  advertising  sermon 


topics.  Such  advertising  tends  to  make  both  preacher  and  p«*- 
ple  think  of  the  sermon  as  a  lecture  and  of  the  service  as  mei^ 
"  preliminary  exercises,"  It  tends  to  make  the  preacher  selcrt 
topics  which  he  thinks  will  draw  rather  than  topics  which  hr 
thinks  will  minister  to  life.  It  tends  to  make  the  people  kx^  at 
the  Simday  morning  newspaper  for  a  preacher  who  annoanoes 
a  title  which  arouses  their  curiosity,  and  choose  their  cfanrdi 
accordingly.  And  it  tends  to  make  them  think  that  if  tbr 
advertising  minister  makes  no  announcement  of  his  topic  far 
has  nothing  of  importance  to  say  on  that  Sunday.  When  I  first 
went  to  Plymouth  Church,  a  reporter  of  the  New  York  "  World  " 
called  my  house  up  by  the  telephone  every  Sunday  morning 
to  ask  if  I  had  preached  on  "anything  in  particular"  tiiai 
morning ;  and  my  children,  one  of  whom  genially  went  to  iht 

Digitized  by  VJ\^*^V  IV^ 


C  I  R  R  E  \  T 

EVENTS 

ILLUSTRATED 

i 


'^(•l)  li'itii  Pjtil   Thoiiit>«oii 

VINO   FKENCH  CHlLDIiEN- I'lIE   UKNEFirENT  \V(»IIK    oK    IHE   AMERICAN    KEl)  CKOSs   AM)    rilK   li()<-KEPEl/U?iy<YHytfjfVN 
I'lie  iiiutbBr  of  the  little  boy,  Henri,  h:iM  tiiberciilosU  ;  but  an  Anicriian  iloitor  an<l  a  Kivnob  nursH  an-  detfiiniiicd  timt  be  8hl^l'8Jfl^^lwy!^«J^^V1lna'p^^^  np 
b«  a  luefiU  and  iuippy  citizen  uf  France.  'I'lie  picture  waj<  taken  iu  une  uf  tl)eilii<|>enH:iries  in  whicb  tlie  American  l{e<l  (.'row  antl  the  RoukefeUw  ConimiMlon  for 


<Q  Pros  lUuibating  Scf>  Ice 


(C)  Press  IlIustratlDK  Sen 


OLD  TOVEKS  OF  KXTZ,  OBRMAm'  AM  OLD  VOBT  OF  BT.  MIHIEL,  rBAHOX 

MEDIEVAL  DEFENSES  OF  FAMOUS  IXJWNS  NEAR  THE  AMERICAN  FRONT 
Theae  aaoieot  defemdve  works  are  piotoraeque  elements  of  the  towns  in  which  they  are  sitnated,  but  are  of  insignifinsiit  valoe  as  fortifications  in  the  present  i 


TauI  I  liompsuti 


SCHOOL  CHILDREN  IN  A    FRENCH  VILLAGE  CLUSTERING  AROUND  A  FRIEND 
This  English  Red  Cross  doctor  has  helped  to  proride  food  for  theae  hnngiy  little  ones,  and  their  appieoiBtion  is  evident 


I CJ  Western  Ncwkp^i^er  Union  /'~\^^~\i 

NEW  YORK  CITY  NEWSBOYS   LEARNING  "THE  STAR-SPANGLED  BANNER"  ON  NATIONAL  ANTHEM  DAY 
The  birthday  of  onr  National  song  was  celebrated  at  the  City  Hall  in  New  York  City  on  Sept>)mber  14  with  special  oeremomes.  These  boys  "  participated '' 


llarris  A:  Ewin^ 

tMRS.   NEWTON  D.   BAKEU  AND  MME.  TAMAKI  MIURA 
Baker,  wife  of  the  Secretary  of  War,  and  Mine.  Tamaki  Miura,  Japaneae 
I  donna,   are  helping  to  win  the  war  by  sin^ng  inspiriting  songs  in  oar 
soMiprs*  camps  and  cantonments 


International  Film  Service 

A  SHELL  FROM  "  BIG  BERTHA  "  FALLS  IN  A  PARIS  STREET 

Few  pictures  of  the  effects  of  the  bombardment  of  Paris  have  been  seen.  This 

one  shows  the  result  of  a  shot  from  the  distant  German  cannon — the  only  victim 

beinsT  a  horse.    The  civilians  seem  nnscared 


,  IC)  Wesura  NewkiO|-«f  I'nkn 

CAPTAIN  ARCHIE  ROOSEVKLT  HOME  FROM   KKANCE 
Cnptain  Rooaevelt,  son  of  ex-Presideut  Koosevelt,  was  wounded  in  France 
March.   He  distinguished  himself  under  fire  and  won  the  Croix  de 
The  picture,  a  snap-shot,  was  taken  on  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York 


(C)  .Mule  .V  1  huituis.  IhiUKu 

THE  STATUE  OF  LIBERTV   PEKSONIFIEl)  BV   U.  .S.  TiiOOPS 

This  ingenious  fornuitiou  of  soldiers  to  represent  the  Statue  of  Lilwrty  was  nuule  at 

Camp  Dodge,  Iowa,  recently.  Eight^jcn  tliounnnd  men  standiitgoii  the  panule-ground 

le 


are  shown  in  the  photograph,  which  was  taken  fivni  a  Jtigh-tOK 


Digitized  by 


SEATTLE'S  MAYOR  WORKING  IN  THE  SHIP-YARDS 

Ole  HaasoD,  Mayor  of  Seattle,  has  donned  overalls  and  t?one  to  work  in  a  ship- 
building plant  to  help  solve  the  labor  shortage  problem 


Piess  Illustrating  Service 

JOHN  W.  DAVIS,  AMBASSADOR  TO  GREAT  BRITAIN 

Mr.  Davis  is  SoUcitor-General  of  the  United  States.   He  waa  bom  in  Claik»  I 
burg,  West  Virginia,  in  1873.  See  editorial  comment  on  his  appointment 


fC)  A.  Bcnjiijcr 

THE  LATE  CARDINAL  FARLEY,  OF  NEW  YORK 

Cardinal  Farley,  one  of  the  great  dignitaries  of  the  Roman  Catholic  Chun^h  in 

America,  was  bom  in  Ireland  in  1H42.   He  died  in  New  York  City,  September 

17.  See  editorial  comment  on  his  character  and  work 


(C)  I*aul  Tlioinpson 

BLSUOP  GORE,  OF  OXFORD,  ENGLAND 

The  Bishop  of  Oxford  (l!t.  Rev.  Chiiiles  Gore)  is  now  visiting  the  United  St*« 

on  a  special  mission  to  promote  .\uglo- -American  friendship.   He  has  held  naif 

high  ecclesiastical  offices  in  the  Church  of  England 


Digitized  by 


Google 


THE   OUTLOOK 


179 


telephone,  took  great  delight  in  replying,  "  Nothing  particular." 
After  a  few  we^~  the  t^phone  caUs  c^sed. 

The  preacher  ought  to  preach  to  the  times.  He  ought  to  deal 
with  great  principles,  but  he  ought  to  apply  those  principles  to 
the  lite  of  tne  community  and  to  the  needs  of  the  times  in  which 
he  lives.  If  he  takes  for  his  text,  "  Let  your  light  so  shine 
befoi«  men  that  the^  may  see  your  good  works,  and  glorify 
yoar  Father  which  is  in  heaven,"  he  will  find  it  difficult  to 
interest  his  congr^^tion  in  an  accoimt  of  what  the  luminous 
life  of  the  apostles  and  the  martyrs  of  the  early  Church  did  to 
promote  Christianity,  if  this  constitutes  the  substance  of  his 
sermon ;  but  he  can  be  reasonably  sure  of  both  interest  and 

f>rofit  to  his  oongr(s;ation  if  he  can  tell  them  how  to  make  their 
ives  so  luminous  that  their  companions  in  society  and  business 
will  see  in  them  something  of  the  glory  of  the  Father  who 
dwells  with  them  and  in  them.  If  he  takes  for  his  text,  '*  Pre- 
pare ye  the  way  of  the  Lord;  make  straight  in  the  desert  a 
highway  for  our  God,"  and  delivers  a  historical  lecture  on 
what  the  Jews  had  to  do  to  make  it  possible  for  God  to  lead 
them  out  of  captivity  into  their  native  laud,  his  auditors  will 
be  glad  when  the  ieeture  is  over ;  but  if  he  can  show  them  what 
(latriotic  AmericaMir  can  do  in  this  year  of  our  Lord  1918  to 
luake  their  countfya  leader  toward. a  greater  light  and  a  lai^er 
life  of  liberty  in*flfe  world,  his  sermon  will  be  listened  to  with 
interest  and  may  become  the  theme  of  discussion  in  the  town 
luring  the  following  week. 

To  illustrate  this  greneral  purpose  I  venture  to  suggest  to 
the  ministerial  readers  of  The  Outlooh  some  texts  and  themes 
for  their  consideration  in  the  campaign  of  the  Church  for  this 
Fall  and  winter. 

"  In  the  name  of  our  God  we  toill  set  up  our  banners." 
Have  there  ever  been  any  wars  in  which  either  of  the  com- 
iiatants  could  set  up  their  banners  in  the  name  of  God  ?  Can 
the  Christian  historian  specify  such  wars  ?  Is  the  present  such 
i  war  ?  If  so,  why  ?  It  has  been  said  that  "  war  is  hell  "  and 
that  "  there  never  was  a  good  war  nor  a  bad  peace."  Are  these 
ttatements  true?  If  so,  how  can  we  reconcile  jhem  with  the 
laying,  ''In  the  name  of  our  God  we  will  set  np  our  banners." 

'•''IfUhe  possible,  as  much,  as  lieth  in  you,  live  peaceably  with 
ill  men." 

When  is  it  possible?  Is  it  ever  impossible?  When  can  we 
ive  peaceably  ?  When  must  we  refuse  to  live  peaceably  ?  What 
>rinciples  are  there  to  guide  the  boy  in  the  school,  the  merchant 
n  his  business,  the  woman  in  society,  the  nation  in  its  inter- 
latdonal  relations? 

**  JUy  peace  I  give  unto  you :  not  as  the  world  giveth,  give  J 
tntoyou." 

What  is  the  difference  between  Christ's  peace  and  the  world's 
>eaoe  ?  When  may  we  pursue  a  spirit  of  compromise  and  oon- 
illation,  and  when  must  we  refuse  to  do  so  ? 

"  O  ye  hypocrites  f  ye  can  discern  the  face  of  the  shy  ;  hut 
/i/»ye  not  discern  the  signs  of  the  times  ?" 

What  does  Christ  mean  by  the  signs  of  the  times  ?  Why 
Ices  he  accuse  the  Pharisees  of  hypocrisy  because  they  do  not 
liacem  the  signs  of  the  times  ?  How  can  we  discern  the  signs 
if  <mr  times?  What  are  some  of  the  sig^a  of  our  times ? 

"  Shew  me  thy  ways,  O  Lord  ;  teach  me  thy  paths." 
l»  there  good  reason  for  believing  that  God  is  in  the  world 
lorXaag  out  his  predetermined  plans  ?  If  so,  how  can  we  know 
lis  way  in  contemporaneous  history  ?  We  are  told  to  follow 
lini.  How  can  we  follow  him  if  we  do  not  know  in  what  direo- 
i<ni  he  is  going  ? 

"■Ye  that  love  the.  Lord,  hateevil."  "  If  a  man  hate  not  his 
'ttther,  and  mother,  and  wife,  he  cannot  be  my  discijyle." 

What  do  these  and  similar  Scripture  texts  mean  ?  Are  they 
thical  truths?  Is  hate  ever  right?  If  so,  when?  What  makes 
ate  wrong? 

**  T^at  he  might  he  just,  and  the  justifer  of  him   which 
e/iei'eth  in  Jesus." 
Is  it  necessary  always  to  be  just  ?    Is  it  poHsible  always  to  l>e 


merciful  ?  Can  we  reconcile  justice  and  mercy  ?  Can  we  be  at  the 
same  time  and  to  the  same  offender  both  just  and  merciful  ?  On 
what  conditions  does  God  foi^ve  the  wrong-doer?  On  what 
conditions  may  the  father  in  the  family,  the  teacher  in  the 
school,  the  state  in  its  administration,  Ihe  nation  in  inters 
national  dealing,  forgive  the  Mrrong-doer? 

"  TTiis  is  my  commandment.  That  ye  love  one  another,  as  I 
have  loved  vou."  "  /  say  unto  you.  Love  your  enemies." 

Is  love  always  the  same  spirit  ?  Is  there  anything  in  common 
in  love  for  an  enemy  and  a  mother's  love  for  her  children  ? 
What  is  there  common  in  those  two  phases  of  love  ?  Is  there 
any  difference  between  them  ?  If  so,  what  b  the  difference  ?  Do 
love  and  like  mean  the  same  thing  ?  Can  we  love  one  whom  we 
do  not  Uke  ? 

"  Canst  thou  by  searching ^nd  out  God?" 

If  we  cannot  find  him  out  by  searching,  how  can  we  find  him  ? 
God  seems  to  the  Mohammedan  one  kind  of  being,  to  the 
Buddhist  another  kind  of  being,  to  the  Christian  a  third  kind  of 
being.  How  can  we  know  which  of  these  conceptions  is  true? 
Christ  says  that  to  know  God  is  life  eternal.  How  can  we  know 
him  ?  Christ  bids  us  when  we  pray  to  say,."  Our  Father."  Hdw 
can  we  know  him  as  a  child  knows  its  father  ? 

The  questions  which  I  have  asked  here  are  questions  which 
in  every  community  serious-minded  men  are  asking  of  themselves 
and  sometimes  of  each  other.  They  have  a  right  to  look  to  the 
Christian  minister,  not  perhaps  for  a  complete  apswer  to  these 
q|uestion8,  but  certainly  for  a  consideration  of  them  and  some 
hght  thrown  upon  them.  Of  course,  here  I  am  only  giving  illus- 
trations of  such  questions ;  '  no  complete  and  comprehensive 
statement  is  possible.  Questions  of  the  kind  I  have  here  sng- 
gested  are  innumerable.  I  am  not  recommending  the  minister 
to  preach  nothing  but  what  are  popularly  called  timely  sermons, 
still  less  am  I  recommending  him  to  preach  nothing  but  war 
sermons. 

On  the  contrary,  I  urge  him  to  deal  with  principles  applicable 
to  other  than  war  probletns  and  war  conditions,  and  applicable 
also  to  other  than  temporary  incidents  and  passing  events.  The 
question  as  to  how  pupils  in  a  school  shall  hve  peaceably 
together  is  as  important  for  the  welfare  of  the  school  as  is  the 
question  how  nations  shall  live  peaceably  together  important 
to  international  welfare,  and  the  principles  ate  essentially  the 
same.  The  counsels  which  Jesus  Christ  gave  to  his  disciples 
for  the  settlement  of  personal  controversies,  reported  in  the 
eighteenth  chapter  of  Matthew,  aire  as  applicable  to  communi- 
ties as  to  individuals,  and  the  modem  proposition  to  substitute 
for  war  judicial  proceedings  before  an  International  Court  is 
essentially  an  application  of  those  counsels  of  Christ  to  inter- 
national controversies. 

Nor  am  I  recommendingtiiat  the  minister  merely  quote  Scrip- 
ture to  his  congregation.  That  is  the  lazy  preachers  vray,  and 
in  our  time  very  ineffective.  He  must  deal  with  his  congrega- 
tion in  the  spirit*  of  the  prophet:  "Come  now  and  let  us  reason 
together."  It  must  be  added  that  the  minister  will  not  find  mufih 
in  his  theological  books  or  in  his  seminary  memories  to  aid  him 
directly  in  this  preaching  to  the  times.  But  he  will  find  much 
in  his  Bible.  Let  him  take  his  reference  Bible,  his  Concordance, 
and  his  Topical  Index  to  the  Bible.  Let  him,  with  these  aids  to 
his  own  remembrances  of  the  Bible  teaching,  look  in  the  Bible 
itself  for  the  answer  to  these  and  kindred  questions ;  let  him, 
by  collating  and  comparing  the  various  and  sometimes  appar- 
ently contradictory  utterances  of  the  Bible  writers,  work  out  for 
himself  the  general  principle  which  underlies  those  utterances ; 
let  him,  by  a  study  of  the  life  of  his  congregation  and  of  his 
community,  form  a  clear  conception  of  what  are  the  problems 
and  perplexities  of  his  people  and  a  clear  conception  also  how 
the  principles  which  he  has  found  in  the  prophets  of  the  Old 
Testament  and  in  the  aixwtles  of  the  New  Testament,  and 
especially  in  the  life  and  teachings  of  Jesus  Christ,  can  be  ap- 
plied to  illumine  the  path  and  lighten  the  loa<l8  of  his  people  ; 
then  let  him  apply  those  principles,  without  fear  and  without 
favor,  to  those  problems.  If  he  will  do  this,  though  he  may  not 
secure  a  large  congr^;ation,  he  will  not  lack  an  attentive  and 
generaUy  a  gratefuFone.  Qigm^g^  ^^  \^yJ^^^l^ 


THEY  ALSO  SERVE 


The  Story  of  a  Remarkable  Institution  and 
the  Opportunity  It  Offers  Young  Women 

BY   ROGER    C.  HOYT 


■Y 


''ES,"  said  the  ^ndly,  efficient-look- 
ing superintendent,  "  we  have  just 
sent  our  Red  Cross  Unit  '  over 
there,'  one  hundred  strone,  includ- 
ing many  of  our  hest  nurses.  It  has  made 
a  serious  breach  in  our  nursing  staff,  but  we 


RED  CROSS  UNIT,  KINGS  COUNTY  HOSPrTAL 

are  all  very  proud  of  our  contribution  to 
the  glorious  service  of  the  Red  Cross,  and 
we  hope  possibly  to  send  more  nurses  across 
later  on. 

"  But  hasn't  this  seriously  affected  your 
own  work  here  at  the  Hospital,  and  how  are 
you  meeting  the  regular  daily  demand  for 
nurses  ?"   I  asked  her. 

"  Of  course  we  miss  so  many  of  onr  best 
nurses,"  she  replied,  "  but  those  who  are 
left  are  glad  to  work  all  the  harder,  while 
the  (drls  in  our  Training  School  here  are 
rapimy  filling  in.  We  are  all  so  proud  of 
our  Red  Cross  Unit  that  those  of  us  who 
felt  it  our  duty  to  remain  behind  still  feel 
that  we  are  also  serving,  though  not  per- 
haps in  the  front  rank.  But  we  are  helping 
to  make  it  possible  for  the  others  to  go. 
The  sick  and  helpless  are  always  with  us 
here,  and  in  a  great  city  like  New  York 
the  hospitals  are  kept  constantly  filled.  So 
there  is  a  constant  demand  for  trained 
nurses,  and  this  demand  is  especially  heavy 
when  such  a  large  number  of'  nurses  must 
be  sent  abroad. 

"Just  think  what  a  wonderful  oppor- 
tunity presents  itself  to  young  women  neht 
now !"  she  continued,  earnestly.  "  In  this 
critical  period  of  the  world's  history  each 
of  us  is  striving  to  be  of  service  and  to  fit 
into  some  useful  occupation.  Our  Train- 
ing School  is  one  of  the  best-equipped  and 
best-managed  in  the  country.  We  offer  an 
opportunity  to  young  women  to  learn  a  use- 
ful and  highly  regarded  profession  and  at 
the  same  time  trmy  to  serve  in  what  I  may 


call  our  'home  guard.'  For  the  sick  at 
home  must  be  taken  care  of  ^nst  as  much 
as  onr  soldiers  abroad.  And  our  Training 
School  graduates  will  always  have  a  lucra- 
tive profession  at  their  command  should  the 
neea  ever  arise  for  self-support." 

"  Yes,"  said  I,  "  Kings  (Jounty  Hospital 
has  much  to  be  proud  of,  and  you  offer  an 
opportunity  which  I  imagine  many  girls  will 
quickly  seize  when  they  are  told  about  it" 

Ana  so  I  decided  to  tell  briefly  some- 
thing of  this  truly  remarkable  institution, 
and  especially  of  its  Training  School  for 
Nurses. 

Kings  County  Hospital  is  one  of  the 
lai^est  institutions  mamtainedand  operated 
by  the  city  of  New  York.  And  yet  with  its 
beautiful  grounds  and  surroundings  and 
seclusion  from  the  usual  city  noise  and 
du-t  it  seemed  to  me  more  like  a  charming 
country  resort.  It  is  located  on  Long  Island, 
in  the  Borough  of  Brooklyn,  and  in  the 


for  the  care  of  the  sick  and  for  those  who 
attend  them.  The  Hospital  grounds  are 
extensive  and  well  laia  out,  with  large 
shade  trees  and  well-kept  lawns  and  flower 
gardens.  In  the  rear  are  tennis-courts  and 
a  real  war  garden,  where  fresh  vegetables 
are  grown  tor  the  Training  School. 

Ml  of  the  buildings  are  very  modem 
and  fully  equipped  with  the  best  of  appara- 
tus and  sanitary  appliances.  I  was  told 
that  this  Hospital  has  been  gradually  built 
up  through  a  period  of  over  twenty  years, 
and  that  the  developments  and  improve- 
ments during  that  time  have  been  truly 
remarkable.  As  this  is  strictly  a  charitable 
institution,  all  kinds  of  cases  are  accepted, 
and  there  are  constantly  between  eight  and 
nine  hundred  patients  undergoing  treat- 
ment. 

The  Hospital  maintains  a  staff  of  nearly 
one  hundred  physicians,  including  many 
of   New   York  s    leading    experts   in   the 


ROOF  KINDERGARTKN, 

distance  one  can  catch  a  glimpse  of  the 
ocean.  I  had  had  no  previous  conception 
of  the  extent  of  its  grounds  or  their  general 
attractiveness,  and  as  I  approached  the 
g^oup.  of  large  buildings  through  an  avenue 
of  shade  trees  it  struck  me  as  an  ideal  spot 


CHILDREN'S  H08PITAI. 

various  branches  of  medical  science.  When 
the  complement  of  trained  nurses  is  com- 
plete, it  can  be  seen  that  the  patients 
receive  the  best  of  care  and  medical 
attention. 
One  of  the  most  interesting  features  of 


NURSES'  HOME,  KING?  COUNTY  HOSPITAL,  BROOKLYN,  N.  Y, 

T/ie  Outlook  Advertising  Section 


,  NURSES'  HOME     "Ai^ 

igitized  by  VjOO 


1 


♦V 


/^.A 


>' 


h-* 


OBOUF  OF  KrUDKMT  NDItSSB 


thia  g;reat  institation  is  the  children's  hos- 
pitaL  This  is  a  separate  buildinEr,  where 
about  one  hundred  and  fifty  children  can 
be  taken  care  of.  Here  a  great  variety  of 
acute  cases  are  treated,  including  the  more 
severe  classes  of  diseases  and  much  sur- 
eical  work.  When  a  child  is  brought  in,  he 
u  taken  first  to  the  general  wara,  where 
he  is  thoroughly  washed  and  cleansed, 
and  his  case  is  aiagnosed.  He  is  then  sent 
to  one  of  the  special  wards  for  proper 
treatment 

Many  of  these  children  must  spend  long 
periods  in  the  Hospital  before  a  cure  is 
effected,  and  they  become  much  attached 
to  their  nurses.  A  kindergarten  is  main- 
Uuned  on  the  top  floor,  where  the  children 
are  taught  to  play  games,  to  study  nature 
subjects,  to  fashion  various  designs  from 
paper,  and  to  do  many  other  things  which 
tend  to  train  their  minds  along  natural, 
healthy  lines.  In  this  children^  hospital 
many  poor,  neglected  children  receive 
their  mrst  inspiration  towards  becoming 
healthy,  uaefnl,  self-respecting  boys  and 
girls. 

But  of  all  the  various  activities  of  this 
splendid  institution  I  was  most  deeply 
impressed  with  the  cheery  spirit  and  evi- 
dent hominess  which  pervaded  the  Nurses' 
Training  SehooL  This  is  a  handsome  stone 
and  bride  building  of  seven  or  eight  stories, 
situated  at  some  distance  from  the  nudn 
hospital,  in  the  midst  of  very  pretty  grounds. 
It  almost  gives  one  the  impression  of  a 
summer  hotel,  with  plenty  of  shade  trees 
and  flower  gaidens  surrounding  it.  Itseemed 
to  lue  ideal  as  a  home  for  young  women, 


and  as  I  noticed  the  happy,  talkative 
£rroup8  of  nurses  passing  in  and  out,  it 
reminded  me  forcioly  of  a  girls'  boarding- 
school  which  I  once  visited. 

This  impression  was  strengthened  as  I 
was  taken  mto  the  handsomely  furnished 
reception-room  and  the  quiet,  well-lighted 
library,  well  supplied  with  reference  works 
and  tne  best  nction,  on  the  first  floor.  I 
asked  Miss  Burrows,  the  Superintendent, 
if  the  nurses  selected  their  own  roommates. 
She  smiled  quietly  and  informed  me  that 
each  girl  had  a  room  all  to  herself,  that 
Uiey  now  had  121  single  rooms  and  were 
planning  a  large  additional  wing.  I  was 
shown  one  of  the  bedrooms,  which  was 
cozily  and  attractively  furnished,  of  gpood 
size,  and  vrith  running  hot  and  cold  water, 
electric  lights,  and  steam  heat.  There  were 
numerous  baths  and  tiled  showers  on  each 
floor,  and  it  was  evident  that  the  girls 
enjoyed  every  comfort. 

I  was  next  shown  a,  businesslike-looking 
class-room,  well  equipped  with  charts,  dia- 
grrams,  and  other  paraphernalia.  Adjoining 
Uiis  was  a  larger  lecture-room,  where  a 
regular  course  of  paid  lectures  is  g^ven 
during  the  year  by  specialists  in  various 
lines  of  mescal  science. 

An  experimental  laboratory  is  soon  to  be 
added  in  connection  with  the  regular  class- 
room work.  ' 

I  was  then  taken  up  in  an  elevator  to  the 
roof,  where  I  was  ushered  into  a  spacious 
solarium  charmingly  furnished  in  wicker 
and  cretonne,  where  the  girls  eoald  rest 
and  play  when  off  duty.  This  room  opened 
directly  on  the  roof,  from  which  a  mag- 


nificent view  was  obbuned  of  the  surround- 
ing residence  district,  vrith  a  glimmer  of  the 
ocean  in  the  distance.  At  night  the  lights 
of  Coney  Island  can  be  clearly  seen.  At  the 
other  end  of  the  building  was  the  gymna- 
sium, with  much  athletic  equipment  and  a 
splendid  basket-ball  floor.  Frequent  dances 
are  held  here,  and  it  was  evident  that  the 
girls  are  allowed  a  large  measure  of  free- 
dom and  opportunity  for  good  times. 

On  the  floor  belov  was  the  nurses'  in- 
firmary. This  is  a  bright,  airy,  cheerful 
room,  under  the  direct  charge  of  a  graduate 
nurse.  I  noticed  that  this  infirmary  was 
entirely  unoccupied,  and  remarket!  that 
evidently  the  girls  were  too  well  taken  care 
of  to  have  much  need  for  it.  Nevertheless 
one  might  feel  comfortable  in  the  knowl- 
edge that  such  a  cheerful  room  was  imme- 
diately available  in  case  of  sickness. 

By  this  time  the  lunch  hour  had  arrived 
and  we  glanced  into  the  dining  hall,  where 
the  girls  appeared  to  be  thoroughly  enjoy- 
ing a  splendid  meal.  Miss  Burrows  and 
Mjaa  Doyle,  her  assistant,  then  invited  me 
to  take  lunch  with  them.  The  food  was  of 
fine  quality,  well  served,  and  excellently 
cooked.  I  was  pleased  to  note  also  tliat 
our  menu  was  identical  with  that  of  tlie 
nurses. 

I  asked  Miss  Burrows  on  what  terms 
girls  are  accepted  for  the  training  course. 
She  told  me  that  the  full  course  is  two  years 
and  three  months.  The  three  months  serve 
as  a  probation  period,  after  which  the  stu- 
dent, if  accepted,  enters  upon  the  r^ular 
course  with  practical  hospital  work.  Any 
girl  of  good  character  ana  health  who  has 
had  a  grammar  school  education  and  at  least 
one  year  of  high  school  or  its  equivalent  is 
accepted  on  probation.  There  are  absolutely 
no  charges  of  any  kind,  and  even  uniforms 
are  furnished  by  the  Training  School. 
Elach  girl  has  her  own  room,  completely 
furnished.  A  small  monthly  sum  is  allowed 
each  student  nurse  for  incidentab. 

Many  young  women  to-day  are  asking 
the  Question,  "How  can  I  make  myseU 
useful?"  Here  exists  a  wonderful  oppor- 
tunity to  serve  and  at  the  same  time  learn 
a  very  profitable  and  interesting  profession 
which  IS  always  much  in  demand.  There 
are  some  available  openings  in  the  Training 
School  which  will  be  filled  m  order  of  appli- 
cation and  final  approval.  Write  a  letter 
to  MISS  ISABELLE  BURROWS,  SU- 
PERINTENDENT KINGS  COUNTY 
HOSPITAL  TRAINING  SCHOOL  FOR 
NURSES,  BROOKLYN,  NEW  YORK, 
for  full  particulars. 

The  Kingi  County  Botfittii  it  under  the  direct 
tupervinoH  qftke  CommiuioiUT  qf  Public  Cluaritia 
i/Neu>  York  Ctty. 


EKTRASCS  HALL 


The  Outlook  Advertising  Section 


COKNEB  or  UBRARY 

Digitized  by ' 


182 


THE   OUTLOOK 


2  October 


WEEKLY  OUTLINE  STUDY  OF 
CURRENT  HISTORY 

BY  J.  MADISON   GATHANY,  A.M. 

HOPE  STREET  BIGH  SCHOOL.  PKOTIDENCB.  R.   I. 

Based  on  The  Outlook  of  September  25, 1918 

Eaoh  week  an  Oatline  Stady  of  Carrent  Ht«tory  baaed  oathe  preoeding  nnmberot  The  Oatlook  will 
be  printed  for  the  benefit  of  onrrent  events  olaaaes,  debating  olaba,  teaohen  of  histoi7  and  of  Bnglish.  and 
the  like,  and  for  am  in  the  home  and  by  such  indindoal  readers  as  may  desire  inggestionB  in  the  seriods 
stndy  of  onrrent  history. — ^Thb  Editobs. 

[Those  who  are  using  the  weekly  oatline  should 
not  attempt  to  oorer  the  whole  of  an  oatline  in  any 
one  lesson  or  stndy.  Assign  for  one  lesson  selected 
questions,  one  or  two  propositions  for  disoussion,  and 
only  suoh  words  as  are  found  in  the  material  assigned. 
Or  distribute  selected  questions  among  different 
members  of  the  class  or  groap  and  hare  them 
report  their  findings  to  all  when  assembled.  Then 
have  all  discuss  the  questions  together.] 


A 


associates."  Show  specifically  wherein  this 
is  BO.  2.  What  do  uiese  revelations  show 
about  Germany's  objects,  methods,  and 
nature?  3.  Do  yoa  think  Lenine  and 
Trotsky  merely  dupes  of  German  intrigue  ? 
Discuss,  showins'  why  or  why  not.  4.  Ger- 
many was  fearfol  of  the  exposure  of  her 
arrangements  with  Lenine  and  Trotsky. 
Should  Governments  ever  enter  into  agree- 
ments they  would  not  care  to  have  exposed  ? 
Discuss  with  care.  5.  Lenine  and  Trotsky 
are  not  considered  wise  statesmen.  Had 
they  been,  what  policies  and  principles  do 
yon  think  they  would  have  championed? 
D.  Suggest  ways  by  which  yon  think  Russia 
could  be  delivered  from  her  present  state 
of  anarchy.  7.  Discuss  the  unsoundness  of 
the  belief  that  democracy  means  no  restraint 
upon  individual  actions  and  utterances. 
8.  Elxplain  how  the  actions  of  Lenine  and 
Trotsky  in  particular  and  of  the  Bolsheviki 
in  g^eral  affect  the  daily  lives  of  Amei^ 
icans.  9.  Point  out  how  a  wide  popular 
interest  in  foreign  affairs  could  be  effected. 

10.  Discuss  the  results  of  such  an  interest. 

11.  Read  two  exceedingly  valuable  books  : 
«The  Eclipse  of  Russia,"  V  J.  Dillon 
(Doran),  and  "  The  Stakes  of  Diplomacy," 
by  Walter  Lippmann  (Heniy  Holt). 

n— NATIONAI.  AFFAIRS 

Topic :  Labor  Strikes,  Lockouts,  and  the 

War. 
Reference :  Pages  122, 123. 
Questions  : 

1.  Why  is  it  "  of  the  highest  interest  to 
secure  compliance  with  reasonable  rules 
and  procedure  for  the  settlement  of  indus- 
trial disputes  "  ?  2.  Which,  in  your  opinion, 
are  more  reasonable  in  labor  disputes,  em- 
...    .        ,v    ,     ,  ,        <,    T      11  ^L  •  •       ployers  or  employees  ?    Upon  what  is  your 

this  18  entirely  fabe.   IL  In  aU  their  van-  {„}„„  ^mkAI  S.  Do  yon  Sanction  the  prin- 

ous  attempts  to  secure  p«ice  Gennany  and      J^i^  employed  by    President  Wilson   in 


I — ^IlITBBNATIONAL  AFFAIRS 

Topic  :  The  Austrian  Peace  Note ;  An 
Insult  to  Belgium;   Germany's  Bru- 
tality in  Africa ;  "  Why  Not  Compro- 
mise with  Germany?" 
Reference :  Pages  117, 118 ;  editorial,  pages 

123,124. 
Questions : 

1.  What  reasons  does  Austria  give  in 
asking  for  a  meeting  preliminary  to  peace  ? 
2.  State  and  explain  President  Wilson's 
official  rejection  of  Austria's  prnposaL  3. 
What  are  the  things  The  Outlook  believes 
the  Teutonic  Powers  must  do  before  any 
peace  negotiations  should  be  begun  ?  4.  Is 
this  dem&nding  too  much  of  tlie  Central 
Powers?  Give  several  reasons.  6.  What 
are  the  principles  and  the  methods  The 
Outlook  nolds  "  must  be  followed  in  any 
genuine  negotiations  for  a  lasting  peace  "? 
%.  Discuss  these  principles  and  methods. 
7.  Summarize  Germany's  reported  proposals 
of  peace  to  Belgium.  8.  For  what  reasons 
does  The  Outlook  regard  these  as  "  a  deep 
and  intolerable  insult"  to  Belgium?  What 
other  reasons  can  yon  add  ?  9.  Is  there 
sufficient  proof  that  Gennany  is  not  fit  to 

fovem  again  her  former  colonies  ?  Is  she 
t  to  govern  her  own  people  in  Germany  ? 
10.  The  Central  Powers  have  convinced 
their  peoples  that  their  Grovemments  are 
conducting  a  defensive  war.   Prove   that 


Austria  have  never  apologized  for  or  dis- 
owned the  thousand  and  one  crimes  against 
humanity  they  have  committed.  How  do 
you  explain  this  ?  12.  What,  in  your  opin- 
ion, are  the  real  reasons  whyAustria  and 
Germany  want  peace  now  ?  What  kind  of 
peace  do  they  believe  in  ?  13.  Give  several 
reasons  why  America  entered  the  war. 
Have  any  of  these  objects  been  secured 
beyond  doubt  ?  14.  President  Wilson  re- 
phed  to  the  Austrian  proposal  in  twenty-five 
minutes  from  the  time  it  was  received. 
Does  this  promptness  tonstitute  a  large 
part  of  the  merit  of  the  reply?  Discuss. 
15.  The  following  books  should  be  read : 
"Why  We  Are  at  War,"  by  President 
Wilson  (Harpers);  "The  Soul  of  Ger- 
many," by  T.  F.  A.  Smith  (Doran)  ;  «  For 
the  Kight,"  by  various  writers  (Putnams). 
B.  Topic :  Lenine  and  Trotsky  Paid  Ger- 
man Agents. 
Reference :  Pages  118, 120. 
Questions : 

1.  The  Outlook  says  that  recent  revela- 
tions show  that  Lenme  and  Trotsky  "  had 
been  involved  in  treachery  of  the  basest 
kind   to   their  country  and  to  their  own 


setding  the  difficulties  mentioned  in  thLi 
topic?  Give  reasons.  4.  It  would  greatly 
pvofit  employers  to  read  "Progressive 
Democracy,"  by  Herbert  Croly  (Mac- 
millan). 

m — ^PBOPOSITIOMB  FOB  DISCUSSION 
(These  propositions  are  suggested  directly  or  indi- 
reotly  by  the  subject-matter  of  The  Outlook,  but 
not  discussed  in  it.) 

1.  Public  opinion  exists  only  wherei  per- 
sonal opinion  is  freely  expressed.  2.  History 
shows  that  people  have  worked  and  per- 
ished for  objects  they  did  not  comprehend. 
3.  Every  nation  is  governed  by  a  lew  peo- 
ple with  special  interests. 

IV — VOCABULARY  BUILDING 
(Alb  of  the  following  words  and  eqneasions  are 
found  in  The  Outlook  for  September  25, 1918.  Both 
before  and  after  looking  them  up  in  the  dictionary 
or  elsewhere,  give  their  meaning  in  yoitr  own  wordi. 
The  figures  in  parentheses  refer  to  pages  on  which 
the  words  may  be  found.) 

Ultra-sendmentalists,  amenable  (117) ; 
compromise,  indemnity,  armistice  (123)  ; 
billeted  (124)  ;  temporize,  continuity,  re- 
calcitrant (122). 

A  bookltt  tuggating  methods  o/  using  the  Weekly  Outline  of  Current  History  will  be  sent  on  application       I 


'Defies  Time  and  the  Ekni 


Motor 
Topping 


Re-Top  with  Drednaet 

Elegant  in  App«anuice 

A  Dndnaat  top  wOl  add  to  ihe 
beauty  <A  any  cai — making  an 
old  car  look  like  a  new  one. 

Durable  and  Weatherproof 

Often  outlastins  the  car  itself, 
a  lop  of  Dndnaul  will  prolecl 
you  tiom  the  Kvoat  itoims  or 
the  hottest  tun. 

Drednaut's  Reputation 

We  told  top  material  looa  be- 
fore motor-can  were  made  — 
leaden  in  manufactunng  since 
1847,  Dndnaut  ii  one  of  our 
levetal  (tcTliiig  (.loducts. 

IVrlte  for  samples  and  partieulan 

U  C.  CHASE  &  CO..  BOSTON 

Naw  ToRL     Dbtsoit     CaBiieo 

&ur  Fbahcuoo 

Leaden  in  Manufactwring 

Since  1847 


Digitized  by 


Google 


1918 


THE    OUTLOOK 


183 


JAMES    NORMAN   HALL 

bV  f.  b.  skeele 

Th«  anthor  is  r  member  of  an  ambnlanoe  corps 
in  Ffaoee.— The  Editokh. 

He  dropped  suddenly  out  of  a  clear  blue 
French  sky  and  came  riding  down  on  the 
wind  like  an  eagle  swooping  to  earth.  Cap- 
tain Hall  said  later  that  it  was  his  "  God- 
father Chance  "  who  had  killed  his  motor 
as  he  was  flying  high  over  German  terri- 
tory and  who  nad  been  kind  enough  to 
land  him  on  home  soil.  To  us  it  seemed  as 
though  he  would  smash  into  a  thousand 
bits  against  the  little  shell-broken  toy  of  a 
railway  station  that  stood  in  the  path  of  his 
glide.  However,  with  the  skill  and  ease  of 
a  fire-engine  driver  who  delights  in  missing 


CAPTAIN  JAMS8  BOBHAN  HAI.T. 

This  anapsbot  of  Captain  Hall  of  the  Lafayette 
Kscadrille  was  taken  a  few  days  before  he  fell 
behind  the  Oemian  lines  aerioiuly  wonnded.  He 
baa  won  the  French  Croix  de  Onerre  with  palm,  the 
M^<Lune  Militaire,  a  blaii  medal,  and  haa  since 
received  the  American  Distingnished  Service 
iietial.  It  is  a  most  peculiar  ciroumstance  that 
Clifford  Wolfe,  of  Omaha,  Nebraska,  who  took 
tbe  above  pictore,  and  his  snbjeot.  Captain  Hall, 
ahonld  both  be  destined  to  become  prisoners  almost 
-within  the  same  month.  Mr.  Wolfe,  who  is  a  mem- 
ber of  an  ambulance  section,  was  on  daty  at  an  ad- 
vaocvd  "  paste  "  when  the  village  was  snrroanded 
by  the  Boohes  in  a  reoent  drive 

comer  curbs  only  by  inches,  James  Norman 
Hall  slid  gracefully  past. 

Am  we  rushed  up — blatantly  curious 
.Axiiericans  always  do — he  was  climbing 
from  somewhere  down  deep  in  the  fuselage 
of  liifl  machine.  This  same  "  Godfather  " 
Itnd  mn  him  aground  on  the  only  post 
in  the  field  acres  wide,  tearing  the  lower 
vrin^  of  his  Spad  beyond  immediate 
repajr. 

lie  was  not  the  weather-worn  soldier 
fv-lio  had  fouffht  in  rain  and  mud  with 
•^  Kitchener's  mob,"  which  he  so  clearly 
oortarayed  some  years  before.  He  lacked 
:lie  dignity  of  a  hero  made  famous  on  the 
>rt  tir^  western  front  by  his  deeds  and 
larine.  This  slightly  built  "avion"  with  a 
ce«zi  Drown  eye  was  just  HalL  One's  in- 
iin^ation  was  to  slap  him  on  the  back  and  to 
^^1,11  him  "  Jim."  We  had  all  read  his  tales 
,f  '*  l^gh  Adventure"  which  are  familiar  to 
1,0  **  Atlantic  Monthly's  "  readers.    When* 


1. 


lMc  recipient 
i9eesSutONE 

THE  recipient  of  your  pnnted 
matter  doesn't  know  how 
many  thousand  booklets  you 
are  mailing— nor  does  he  care. 
He  receives  only  one. 

By  that  one,  he  judges  youi* 
product  and  you. 

Better  mail  (ewer  booklets,  and  make 
each  one  fully  express  the  quality  of 
your  goods  zuid  your  house.  Choose  a 
paper  whose  texture  and  color  suggest 
not  only  the  prestige  of  your  product, 
but  also  its  character: — its  delicacy  or 
ruggedness,  its  femininity  or  dignity. 

The  resultant  saving  in  paper,  postage 
delivery  and  time  both  improves  your 
cost  sheets  imd  helps  in  the  war-time 
elimination  of  waste. 

Your  printer  or  adveitismg  agent  will 
find  the  Strathmore  Quality  Paper  that 
expresses  the  idea  you  wish  to  convey. 

Wtile  for  oat  Inleratlng  booklet, 

"  Tfte  Language  of  Paper."  It 

ihouii  the  difference  In  paptn  for 

different  merchandise. 

STRATHMORE    PAPER    CO 
MrmNEAGUE.  Mass 

Stratkmore 

Quality  Pap^s 


asked  to  describe  his  previous  experience 
in  falling  two  miles  with  a  mitraUlease 
bullet  in  his  shoulder,  engine  going  at  full 
speed,  and  miraculously  regaining  con- 
sciousness in  time  to  straighten  out  three 
hundred  feet  above  ground,  landing  in 
a  French  first-line  trench,  he  said,  smil- 
ing, "  You'll  have  to  excuse  the  attempts 
of  an  amateur.  That  was  when  I  first 
began." 

Throughout  his  tales  it  was  Drew  who 
fell  two  miles,  who  brought  down  a  Boche, 
who  cliased  ammunition  trains  far  behind 
the  lines ;  it  was  "  we  "  who  had  anti-air- 
craft shells  burst  so  close  as  to  lift  "  our  " 
ma<^hine  by  the  concussion.  But,  in  spite  of 
his  modesty,  we  recognized  the  eclitorial 
"  we  "  as  Captain  Hall  himself. 


He  Imd  that  magnetic  kind  of  personal- 
ity that  draws  and  holds  folk  by  its  friend- 
liness. One's  immediate  desire  was  to  con- 
fi<le  his  innermost  thoughts.  He  understood 
m^i  and  could  fathom  far  beyond  tlieir 
mere  existenc6  as  aviators  or  mechanics  or 
soldiers.  He  understood  tliat  inarticulate 
mystic  stoiciHUi  of  men  who  have  experi- 
enced the  war  to  the  fulL 

His  friends  will  long  remember  the  keen 
enthusiasm  with  which  he  served,  nor  will 
they  fui-get  his  fearlessness,  daring,  and 
skill  in  combat.  He  was  an  ace  with  his 
giui  and  ]>en. 

And    when     his   "Godfather   Chance" 
i-eturns  liim,  no  longer  a  prisoner  of  Ger- 
many, he  will   have  still  further  talon  of 
adventure  and  of  "  Hindenbiirg's  Mob." 
Digitized  by  VJW^^V  IV^ 


184 


THE  OUTLOOK 


McCiitcheon's 

Sweaters  and  Scarfs 
for  Women  and  Misses 


The  fashionable  .  Tam  o' 
Shanter  and  Scarf  of  Camel's 
Hair,  natural  color  (illus- 
trated). This  wool  is  greatly 
in  demand  and  very  difficult 
to  procure. 

Camel'*  Hair  Tam 

o'  Shanter $3.95 

Camel's  Hair  Scarf     .     $5.75 


Sweaters  in  medium  weight  pure  Zephyr  Yam,  Tuxedo  model, 
fancy  stripe  weave,  in  Purple,  Copenhagen  and  Turquoise.  $7.25 

Sweater  of  Ancona  Wool  with  convertible  collar,  in  Black,  ^Vhite, 
Purple,  Copen,  Khaki,  Navy,  Rose,  Reseda,  Emerald  and  Heather 
mixtures , $12.75 

Slip-on-Sweater,  Roll  Collar,  of  Alpaca  W^ooL  Black,  White 
and  colors $9.75 

Spencer  Coats  from  Scotland 

Quite  unexpectedly  we  have  received  from  Scotland  a  delayed 
shipment  of  Spencer  Coats  of  Shetland  Wool.  The  range  of 
colors  includes  Com,  Copenhagen,  Oxford,  Brown,  Wisteria, 
Pink,  NUe,  Black  and  \Vhite $4.50 

Importation  of  French  Neckwear 

It  has  been  our  good  fortune  to  receive  an  exclusive  importa- 
tion of  French  Neckwear.  The  selection  is  composed  of  exquisite 
specimens  of  French  Needlework  now  so  very  difficult  to  obtain. 
Many  of  the  models  are  especially  adapted  to  softening  the  try- 
ing lines  of  the  new  collarless  dresses. 

We  are  also  showing  a  comprehensive  selection  of  American- 
made  Neckwear,  consisting  of  Cowl,  Rolling,  Tuxedo,  Flat  and 
Deep-back  Collars,  Collar  and  Cuff  Sets,  and  Vestees.  Collars, 
$2.25  to  8.75  each.  Collar  and  Cuff  Sets,  $1.75  to  3.95  each. 
Vestees,  $2.25  to  10.75  each. 


A  copy  o/ow  new  Fall  and  Winter  Cata- 
logue will  be   mailed  gladly  on  request. 


I  James  McCutcheon  &  Co. 

I  Fifth  Avenue,  34th  &  33d  Sts.,  N.  Y. 

lllllllllliiliiiBliH^^^^^ 


Xeg^.  Trade-Mari 

llilil 


IF  you  are  in  the  habit  of  "buying  The  Outlook  at  a  news-stand,  it  will  be  to 
your  advantage  to  place  a  standing  order  with  your  newsdealer.  The  War 
Industries  Board  has  requested  publishers  to  discontinue  the  acceptance  of  un- 
sold copies  from  newsdealers,  and  in  conformity  with  that  request  The  Outlook  is 
now  non-returnable.  To  prevent  loss,  therefore,  newsdealers  must  limit  their  orders 
to  actual  sales.  Buyers  at  news-stands  may  cooperate  and  avoid  disappointment 
by  giving  their  dealer  a  standing  order  for  the  weekly  delivery  of  The  Outlook. 

THE  OUTLOOK  COMPANY 


2  October 

THE    ENGLISH    DEFEATISTS 

After  residing  continaonaly  in  Gi«nii«)y 
for  fifteen  years  and   for  four  years  ia 
London,  on  my  return  to  this  conntiy  in 
1915  it  took  me  some  time  to  find  a  sab- 
gtitute  for  "  Harper's  Weekly  "  as  I  had 
known  it  in  189d.    May  I  say  that  The 
Outlook  supplies  one  with  more  than  the 
old  "  Harper  s  "  ever  offered?  The  editorial 
articles  di84slo8e  a  broad  view  of  the  larger 
world  whose  spirit  and  motives  seemed  to 
me  to  be  BO  grieroasly  misunderstood  by 
most  of  our  American  periodicals  in  the 
early  phases  of  this  war.  Only  rarely  doei 
The  Outlook  blunder  in  its  statement  of 
facts ;  its  editors  will  therefore  the  more 
readily  pardon  a  correction  which  I  venture 
to  offer  in  connection  with  the  reference  to 
Lord  Lansdowne  in  a  recent  issue.   Tlie 
politics  of  the  Marqais  are  therein  described 
as  Conservative  Tory.    All  mention   and 
criticism  of  Lord  Lansdowne  which  I  hare 
seen   recently  in  other  journals   make  a 
similar  misstatement,  the  error  proceeding 
possibly  from  a  too  ready  assumption  that 
nereditanr  rank  and  pohtical  Torjrism  are 
necessarily  synonymous.   The  fact  is  that 
Lord  Lansdowne  has  never  been   either 
Tory  or  Conservative  in  politics.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Liberal  party  until  llial 
party  divided  over  Mr.  Gladstone's  Home 
Rule  policies,  when  he  became  a  Liberal- 
Unionist. 

In  conversation  with  such  few  Americans 
here  as  take  an  intelligent  interest  in 
British  politics  I  have  discovered  that  we 
Americans  are  prone  to  be  misled  by  party 
nomenclature  m  Great  Britain.  It  alw 
seems  that  most  American  press  corre- 
spondents in  London  have  in  the  pact 
espoused  in  their  despatches  the  ca.iue  of 
the  so-called  "  Liberal  "  party  witboat  suf- 
ficient knowledge  of  the  histories  and  die 
past  and  present  principles  and  achieTe- 
.ments  of  both  Liberals  and  Conservatives. 
Yon  have  stated  very  accurately  that  Lord 
Lansdowne  appears  to  be  in  his  letters  the 
spokesman  for  a  certain  faction  of  English 
Liberals,  but  at  the  same  time  you  seem  to 
have  missed  the  obvious  inconsistency  of  hi« 
action  were  he  truly  a  Tory  or  a  Conserva- 
tive. Except  in  his  determiiied  oppoaitioB  t» 
Gladstonian  Home  Rule,  the  political  tenets 
of  the  Marquis  have  been  consistently  ht 
more  *'  Liberal "  than  Conservative. 

This  should  illumine  to  some  decree  die 
present  tendency  of  British  seu-styled 
Liberalism,  and  cause  us  Americans  to  be 
wary  of  accepting  all  its  claims  and  pre- 
tensions, and  of  condemning  the  Conserra- 
tives  of  Great  Britain.  "  Murder  vrill  oat" 
and  the  real  sentiments  of  pre-war  **  labo- 
alism  "  in  England  are  now  being  expreeaed 
by  the  Lansdownes,  Bennetts,  Shaws,  Sjrd- 
ney  Webbs,  and  Wellses,  as  they  akeady 
have  been  in  France  by  the  Bolos,  Caillaai. 
and  Malvys.  The  Liberal  press  of  Britain 
—the  "  Daily  News  and  I^»der,"  "  Dail^ 
Chronicle,"  "Star,"  << Westnunater  G^ 
zette,"  Manchester  ''Guardian,"  and  t^ 
London  "  Nation,"  piloted  by  the  egrt- 
gious  Mr.  Massineham — finds  sUways  spac 
tor  defeatist  and  pacifist  sentiments,  aol 
one  must  look  to  the  "Times,"  «  Daih 
Mail,"  «  Telegraph,"  and  «  Morning  Post 
for  energetic  support  of  the  war.  The  great- 
est gift  of  Mr.  Lloyd  George  is  his  reaaine*' 
and  ability  to  learn  by  experience,  whir: 
alone  disqualifies  him  for  iden'tdfieatMr 
with  the  finalities,  omniscience,  and  fad$  e! 
Liberalism  and  Socialism.  So<ual  refona  r. 
England  in  the  last  forty  years  has  bee* 
championed  by  the  Conservatives  at  least  *■ 
■  often  as  by  the  Liberal  party,  but  withoe 
Digitized  by  ^^JW^ONA'C 


un 


TBE  OUTLOOK 


185 


lb  AfUth  ai^iKiili  (Continnrf) 
the  destructiTe  extravagance  of  the  latter^ 
Let  as  Americana  refnse  to  permit  oar  judg- 
ments to  be  biased  by  the  sound  of  the  titles 
Liberal  and  ConserratiTe. 

Albert  Osborke. 
Chioago,  HlhKBii. 

[We  are  inclined  to  think  that  our  error 
in  the  paraoraph  on  Lord  Lansdowne  was 
a  typograpmcal  one.  If  we  had  called  liim 
a  coDservatiye  Tory  instead  of  a  Conserva- 
tive Tory  our  meaning  would  have  been 
clearer.  Unquestionably  Lord  Lansdowne 
has  been  identified  with  the  Liberal  party, 
but  socially  (and  we  use  that  w6rd  ita  .its 
broadest  sense)  he  is  what  in  America  we. 
call  a  Tory.  We  do  not  believe  that  nis 
present  party  afiiliations  seriously  and 
[undamentally  modify  his  essentially  Tory 
point  of  view.  The  Outlook  has  not,  and 
never  has  had,  .sympathy  with  the  "  little 
£nglander "  group  of  Liberals  and  Radi- 
cals. Their  defeatist  spirit  is  ot  course  of 
a  different  sort  from  the  defeatist  spirit  of 
Lord  Lansdowne.  They  are  defeatists  from 
a  sentimental  and  visionary  notion  that 
sinallness  b  of  itself  goodness.  Lord  Lans- 
downe, while  he  is  probably  an  Imperialist, 
is  a  defeatist  because  he  is  afraid  of  the 
accumulating  power  of  the  democratic 
movement.  It  often  happens  that  extremes 
meet. — The  EonoRS.J 

HOW   "GINGER"   GOT   RE- 
LIGION 

From  a  capital  aceoimt  of  the  fine  war 
work  of  the  Knights  of  Columbus,  the 
Roman  Catholic  association  which  corre- 
Muonds  to  the  Protestant  Y.  M.  C.  A.,  by 
Mr.  John  B.  Kennedy,  editor  of  the 
"  Colnmbiad,"  we  extract  this  story  of 
"  Ginger :" 

Ginger  came  from  the  gas-house  sec- 
tion of  New  York,  and  he  reached  Camp 
Devens  in  a  very  dissatisfied  frame  of  mind 
with  men  and  tilings.  He  hung  around  one 
of  the  K.  of  C.  bnUdings  there  because  it 
contained  a  free  pool-table,  although  he 
miased  the  thick  haze  of  smoke  over  the 
table  and  the  frequent  tmderscoring  of 
"  bum  "  shots  with  strings  of  profani^. 

Ginger  acquired  a  repu&tion  as  a  tough 
gay  because  he  said  "  dis "  and  "  dat " 
Mid  "  thoity-thoid."  But  Father  McGinn, 
(C  of  C.  chaplain  at  Camp  Devens,  saw 
tliiftt  underneath  the  rather  raspish  exterior 
Cjringer's  heart  was  as  true  as  any  that  beat 
inside  a  regtJation  army  shirt.  He  didn't 
pal  up  with  Ginger — back-slapping  and  the 
fuLil-iellow- well-met  stuff  doesn't  exactly 
(Tork  with  the  gas-house  bunch.  But  he  told 
Gringer  that  if  be  didn't  have  anything  par- 
•.icv&r  to  do  on  a  Sund^  morning  he  mig^t 
Irop  around  to  the  K.  ofC.  building.  Giiwer 
Iropped  around  and  attended  his  first  liGiss 
(ince  the  days  before  he  hurled  his  first 
>rick  from  a  tenement  roof  on  a  placid  cop 
ipholding  a  street  lamp  below. 

Cvinger  had  no  esthetic  regard  for  the 
lervice,  although  he  might  have  been  im- 
tr^amed  by  the  serious  attention  which  the 
housand  or  so  boys  present  displayed.  But 
,fx»  thing  made  a  big  hit  with  Gmger.  It 
^tut  the  bell  rung  at  the  most  solemn  mo- 
nent«  of  the  Mass.  He  figured  things  out 
'or  himself,  and  probably  had  a  lonely 
Mtttle  with  the  old,  remeraoered  prejudices 
tfrainst  the  "  cissy  gays'"  who  tried  to  get 
„  0o€t  at  school  by  helping  out  the  priest 
X  charch. 

Crixtger  won  the  battle.  On  the  following 
igXuTCUiy  evening  he  turned  up  iii  Chaplain 


**T6e  next  step  in  the  interior  finisbtng  tooi  the  fitting  In  of 
mottldiHgybauboard  and  door  frames.  K^lloftbh  material  ii 

Arkansas  Soft  Pine" 

In  the  seledtion  of  this  time-tried  interio. 
trim  for  the  House  'beautiful  house  just 
completed  at  West  Newton,  Mass.,  the 
builders  anticipated  three  major  home 
building  requirements:  moderate  cost — un- 
limited choice  in  stained  or  enameled  treat- 
ment— permanent  satisfadbion. 

23«,  Mr.  HoMEBuiLDER,  will  find  it 
well  worth  while  to  study  the  why  and 
how  of  this  choice  which  is  fully  explained 
in  our  new  folio  of  attractive  homes.  A 
copy,  together  with  finished  samples,  will 
be  sent  on  request. 


McGinn's  office,  where  a  tall  lieutenant  was 
engaged  in  conversation.  Ginger  butted 
rignt  in. 

"  Have  youse,"  he  asked  the  priest  (and 
who  shall  sneer  at  the  dialect  of  a  warrior, 
particularly  when  the  warrior  is  red- 
tieaded  ?) — "  have  yoase  g^t  anybody  to 
soive  Mass  to-morror,  father?" 

"  Why,  yes,"  said  the  priest. 

Ginger  showed  his  disappointment,  so 
the  chaplain  made  haste  to  amend :  "■  But 
I  can  do  with  your  help,  if  that's  what  you 
mean." 

"  Dat's  what  I  mean,"  sud  Ginger. 

The  chaplain  turned  to  the  tall  lieuten- 
ant. 

"  How  about  it  P'  he  asked,  for  the  lieu- 
tenant had  himself  volunteered  to  serve  at 
the  altar  the  following  morning. 

"  Fine !"  said  the  heutanaat 


Ginger  beamed  upon  both.  He  turned 
away,  out  hung  about  the  door.  The  chap- 
lain became  occupied  with  otlier  iiiattttrs, 
but  not  so  much  occupied  that  he  didn't 
hear  Ginger's  colloqav  with  the  lieutenant 
as  the  officer  emergea  from  the  office. 

"  Say,  lewt,"  said  Ginger,  semi-soMo 
voce, "  when  we  serves  Mass  togetlier  to- 
morror,  kin  I  take  de  side  of  de  altar  wid 
debell?" 

The  lieutenant  was  willing.  And  it  is 
written  in  the  annals  of  this  particular 
K.  of  C.  building  at  Camp  Devens  tliat 
even  a  stone-<leaf  worshiper  could  realize 
the  solemnity  of  the  sacrifice,  for  Ginger 
smote  tlie  l>ell  with  the  force  of  a  zealot. 
He  has  served  consistently  since,  always  on 
"  de  side  wid  de  bell."  TTiey  have  Iumi  two 
new  bells  at  tliat  building  since  Ginger  got 
religion. 

Digitized  by  VJ^^VJV  l\^ 


186 


THE    OUTLOOK 


2  OcioIkt     4 


A  CORNER  Dt  A  BRANCH  LIBRARY  IN  A  T.  M.  C.  A.  HUT  AT  CAUl    UacARIHUR,  WACO,  TEXAS 
Note  the  interested  reader  in  the  foregroond,  the  third  fignie  from  the  right 

WHAT    BOOKS    ARE    DOING    TO    AMERICANIZE 
SOLDIERS    OF    MANY    RACES 

BY   GEORGE   F.  WORTS 


A  STUDY  of  the  personnel  of  the 
large  Array  camps  furnishes  data 
from  which  two  surprising  deduc- 
tions can  be  made :  First,  foreigners 
have  not  acquired  the  language  of  their 
adopted  land  to  the  extent  that  we  have 
optimistically  imagined.  Second,  the  drafts 
have  brought  to  light  Americans  from 
regions  of  our  country  so  remote,  so  foreign, 
that  these  native-born  might  have  liailed 
from  an6ther  continent. 

We  find  men  from  New  Jersey  who  have 
never  gazed  upon  a  street  car  ;  men  from 
Geoi^ia  who  have  never  spoken  into  a 
telephone;  and  I  will  never  forget  the 
young  copper-miner  from  Calumet,  Michi- 
gan, who  wasn't  quite  sure  whether  George 
Washington  was  the  present  President  of 
the  United  States  or  not ! 

Men  recruited  from  the  squatter  populace 
of  Florida  were  found  to  be  illiterate  for 
a  very  curious  reason.  Investigations  bore 
out  tneir  testimony  that  their  parents,  in- 
spired by  jealousy  perhaps,  took  pains  that 
every  son  and  daughter  should  share  their 
ignorance.  Periodicals  which  have  been 
sent  to  such  families  have  been  returned 
unopened  to  the  senders.  The  parents 
argued  that  if  the  children  saw  alluring 
illustrations  they  would  become  dissatisfied 
with  their  environment. 

A  suggestion  of  what  happens  when  such 
unfortunate  young  men  are  thrown  into 
contact  with  the  average  American  soldier, 
who  is  ambitious,  intelligent,  a  book  reader, 
can  be  gleaned  from  an  incident  that  hap- 
pened in  a  camp  library  recently. 

The  camp  librarian,  who  had  just  re- 
ceived a  lai^e  consignment  of  books,  found 
in  the  collection  a  hi-st  reader  in  English. 
While  he  was  wondering  what  to  do  with 
it  his  perplexed  look  was  seen  by  a  Y.  M. 
G.  A.  man. 

"  If  vou  intend  keeping  that  book  for 
your  library,"  said  the  Y.  M.  0.  A.  man, 
"  take  my  advice  and  don't  expose  it  on  an 
open  shelf." 

The  librarian  wanted  to  know  why  not. 

"  Because  many  of  the  soldiers  here  don't 
know  the  first  thing  about  English,  but  are 
ashamed  to  admit  it  Put  that  book  on  a 
shelf  and  it  will  certainly  disappear." 

Camp  librarians  are  co-operating  with 
military  officials  in  a  Nation-wide  endeavor 
to  Americanize  men  of  all  nationalities  in 


the  ranks  before  they  are  sent  abroad.  A 
census  taken  recendy  in  Gamp  Devens 
shows  that  forty  languages  are  spoken 
among  the  drafted  men  of  New  England, 
ranging  from  French  and  Italian,  which 
are  in  the  majority,  to  Maltese,  Egyptian, 
and  Gaelic.  The  confidence  of  these  soldiers 
is  being  gained  through  classes  in  English 
which  are  being  conducted  at  several  of  the 
Y.  M.  G.  A.  huts  inside  the  cantonments. 

In  the  light  of  New  England's  reputation 
for  erudition,  camp  officials  at  Devens  have 
viewed  with  some  alarm  the  large  number 
of  illiterates  among  the  incoming  soldiers. 
Many  of  these  can  scarcely  write  their  own 
names. 

To  correct  this  condition  classes  num- 
bering from  fifteen  to  forty  from  different 
units  were  formed  immediately.  They  meet 
on  specified  evenings.  Instruction  in  writ- 
ing and  reading  simple  English  is  g^ven 
and  the  duties  of  an  American  citizen  are 
outlined  and  described.  These  classes  are 
attended  largely  by  Greeks,  Poles,  Portu- 
guese, Russians,  Hebrews,  and  Italians,  but 
there  are  many  illiterate  Americans.  The 
classes  were  swelled  recently  by  th^  arrival 
of  uneducated  Negroes  from  tne  South. 

Helpful  books  have  been  placed  in  circu- 
lation. These  were  secured  through  the 
efforts  of  the  Free  Public  Library  Commis- 
sion of  Massachusetts.  Not  only  text-books 
have  been  provided,  but  novels,  histories, 
and  other  general  reading. 

Edward  Everett  Hale's  "The  Man 
Without  a  Country  "  is  placed  on  all  the 
camp  librarv  tables,  and  many  other  works 
are  handy  for  stinmlating  good  citizenship. 

Two  newspapers,  one  printed  in  Greek, 
the  other  in  Polish,  are  received  at  the 
Camp  Devens  library,  and  these  are  worn 
to  shreds  by  soldiers  of  those  nationalities. 

At  Camp  Sherman,  Chillicothe,  Ohio, 
there  are  many  Syrians  scattered  through 
the  various  regiments.  One  of  them  found  a 
Syrian  newspaper,  published  in  New  York, 
in  the  camp  library  one  day.  He  sat  down 
and  read  it  from  beginning  to  end.  The  next 
day  he  came  back  with  two  of  his  country- 
men. The  news  has  spread  until  at  present 
there  is  a  delegation  ot  Syrians  waiting  reg- 
ularly to  read  their  newspaper  every  day. 

In  the  reading  matter  forwarded  to  en- 
campments fourteen  languages  are  so  far 
represented.   The  greatest  demand  is  for 


m. 


Scribner  Pnblkations 


The  Valley  of  Democracy 

By  Meredith  NichoIloD 

**  It  is  a  book  which  could  have  been 
written  only  by  a  Westerner ;  and  it  is 
a  book  for  every  American,  Westerner 
and  Easterner,  Northerner  and  South- 
erner, to  read,  mark,  ponder,  and  in- 
wardly digest.  The  book  is  well  thought 
out,  well  planned,  and  well  written.  — 
New  york  Times. 
Illustrations  by  WaUtr  Tittle.  UMIntt. 

Present -Day  Warfare 

How  an  Army  Tnins  and  Fidib 
By  Captain  Jacqnes  Roovier 

Conditions  of  warfare  in  the  present 
day  are  made  clear  to  the  civilians  of 
this  country,  whose  boys  are  "Over 
There."  Illustrated.  $1.35  tut. 

Our  Navy  in  the  War 

By  Lawrence  Perry 

A  complete  record,  full  of  illuminat- 
ing illustrations  and  adventurous  inci- 
dents, of  the  achievement  of  the  navy 
in  all  Its  lines,  including  the  marines, 
camouflage,  etc.  His  information  has 
been  in  all  cases  the  best  available,  col- 
lected from  the  highest  authorities. 

Illustrated.  $1.50  lut. 

Psychology  and  the 
Day's  Work 

By  Edgar  James  Swift 

PnfaiMr  of  PiycktloEr  ■■  WuUiftM  Dahanilj 

"There  is  a  sane,  simple  and  practi- 
cal psychology,  which  the  most  practical 
busmess  man  will  find  easy  to  under- 
stand and  of  as  real  value  to  him  as  thc 
day's  market  news  of  a  handbook  of  bi> 
especial  trade  or  calling,  and  it  is  ol 
such  psychology  that  Professor  Swift 
writes." — New  York  Tribune.    $J.<)0  Met 

Lovers  of  Louisiana 

By  George  W.  Cable 

This  delightful  romance  opens  at 
Atlantic  City.  There  two  old  New 
Orleans  families,  between  which  a 
certain  inherited  hostility  existed,  are 
thrown  together  for  a  time,  with  th« 
result  that  the  voung  lawyer  who  is 
destined  to  be  the  head  of  one  falls  in 
love  with  the  beautiful  Creole  daughter 
of  the  other.  $1.50  met 

The  Earthquake 

By  Arthur  Tram 

"'The  Earthquake'  is  not  a  noveJ 
with  a  plot.  It  is  in  a  large  sense  a  page 
from  life  and  all  its  power  of  revelation 
depends  on  that  fact." — Boston  Trun- 
script.  $1.5*)  fte: 


kCHARLES  SCRIRNERS  SONS 

'hFIH  AVEAT-M^SIMDmiRK 


Digitized  by  ^JLivj''^  i< 


1918 

What  Boclct  Are  Doing  to  Americanize  Soldier*  iff 
Many  Bacts  (Contintded) 

books  in  Polish,  French,  Spanish,  Yiddish, 
Russian,  and  Italian.  One  request,  for- 
irarded  to  the  New  York  Pubhc  Library, 
was  for  "  The  Thousand  and  One  Nights  " 
in  ihe  original  Arabic.  The  services  of  a 
professor  at  Columbia  University  were 
enlisted,  the  book-stores  of  the  city  were 
searched,  and  the  difficult  order  was  filled. 

Ralph  P.  Emerson,  librarian  at  Camp 
Sevier,  South  Carolina,  was  asked  by  a 
swarthy  corporal  recently  for  something  to 
read  in  modem  Greek.  Mr.  Emerson  found 
a  book  for  him  on  the  Balkan  War. 

The  corporal  shook  his  head  vigorously 
and  unbuttoned  liis  shirt.  Across  his  left 
shoulder  blade  was  a  deep-red  bayonet  scar. 

"  I  know  all  I  want  to  know  about  that 
war !"  he  said. 

At  Camp  Custer  books  have  been  pro- 
vided in  French,  Italian,  Russian,  Bohe- 
mian, Polish,  Yiddish,  Spanish,  Greek,  and 
Dutch.  Samuel  H.  Ranck,  the  librarian  at 
Cus1«r,  reports  that  there  are  men  there  who 
read  and  speak  half  a  dozen  languages  bet- 
ter than  they  can  read  and  speak  EngUsh. 

The  hbrary  at  Camp  Gordon,  Georgia, 
is  in  charge  of  Adam  Strohm,  librarian  of 
the  Detroit  Public  Library.  Mr.Strohm  is 
a  native  of  Sweden  and  a  graduate  of  the 
University  of  Upsala.  He  knewSo  English 
upon  arriving  in  this  country,  bt^has  over- 
come that  handicap  and  is  now:4iRne  of  the 
country's  leading  hbrarians.     -  ^ 

It  is  the  purpose  of  the  Ameri^ib  Library 
Association,  wnich  has  charge  ^distribut- 
ing all  reading  matter  among  'sailors  and 
■oTdiers  on  this  and  on  the  other  side,  to 
provide  the  individual  man  with  the  indi- 
vidual book.  Occasionally,  however,  a  call 
romes  in  that  is  difBcult  to  fill ;  such,  for 
instance,  as  that  of  a  soldier  who  wanted  a 
book  to  teach  one  of  his  Italian  messmates 
how  to  speak  Greek ! 

A  class  or^nized  at  Camp  Wadsworth 
for  teaching  English  to  foreigners  depends 
Hpon  the  camp  library  for  text-books — fifty- 
seven  easy  rmders  in  English. 

One  of  the  men  of  the  medical  detach- 
ment recently  received  his  citizenship 
papers.  About  an  hour  later  an  officer 
walkine  through  the  hospital  was  badly  in 
need  of  an  Italian  interpreter. 

"  Are  you  an  Italian  F"  he  asked. 

"No,  slgiior"  replied  the  young  man, 
proudly ;  "  but  I  still  spik  Italiano  a  little !" 

THE    NEW    BOOKS 

This  Department  will  inelode  deMriptiTe  notes,  with 
•r  without  brief  oommenta,  sbont  books  leoeiTed 
k7  The  Ontlook.  Msnj  of  the  important  books  will 
Imts  more  extended  and .  critical  treatment  later 
nCTION 

Drums  Afar.   An  International  Romance.  By 

J.  Miimr  Gibbon.  The  John  Lone  Company, 

New  York.    $1.30. 
OboMt  Garden  (The).    By  Am^lie  Rivee  (Trod- 

betzkoy).  The  Frederick  A.  Stokes  Company, 

New  Y«rk.  «1.5U. 
With  delicacy  of  style  and  treatment 
mod  with  a  fineness  of  diction  that  is  really 
notable  the  author  has  here  told  a  story 
-which  hovers  between  the  confines  of  the 
■upematoral  and  the  psycholc^cal.  The 
•inKolar  survival  after  over  a  century  of  the 
influence  of  a  willful  beauty  in  the  garden 
■nd  house  which  has  she  so  lov^  that 
«he  sacrificed  her  devoted  lover  rather  than 
jrive  them  up  is  an  intangible  but  very  real 
thing.  The  effect  on  the  lovers  of  our  day 
is  illosive  but  tremendously  powerful ;  in  a 
aense  the  ghost  of  the  roseearden  is  a  rival 
•f  the  maiden  of  to-day.  llie  book  is  hard 
to  describe  because  its  charm  is  not  that  of 


THE   OUTLOOK 


187 


This  Book  is  True. 

The  author  writes : 

"  Not  one  single  detail  was  invented 
by  me.  I  have  taken  the  greatest  care 
not  to  'make  up'  anything  out  of  my 
head  except  the  framework  which 
holds  the  story  together.  Everything 
that  happens  to  anybody  in  this  book 
has  happened  to  somebody  in  France  of 
whom  I  have  had  personal  knowledge." 


HOME  FIRES 
IN    FRANCE 

By  DOROTHY  CANFIELD 

Author  of  "  THE  BENT  TWIG  " 


This  profoundly  moving  book  will 
strengthen  the  purpose  of  tens  of  thou- 
sands of  Americans  whose  hearts  are 
with  our  soldiers  in  France. 

When  you  have  read  it  you  will  agree 
with  Professor  William  Lyon  Phelps 
(Yale)  that  it  is  "the  finest  work  of 
fiction  produced  from  an  American  by 
tfie  war." 


Just  Published  $1^5  net 

HENRY  HOLT  AND  CO.  "Lni*^ 

'Uigili!MBilkJu4)5l 


t 


188 


THE   OUTLOOK 


2  October 


GOOD  BOOKS 

SOME  books  take  more  out  of  the  reader  than  they  put  into  him.  Not  lo  the 
booka  of  THE  ABINGDON  PRESS  which  "always  give  one  a  menul  and 
moral  nudge,"  as  Lowell  said  of  Emerson.  And  now,  that  vacation  is  over,  you 
need  this  kind  of  a  stimulus.    Send  for  the  catalog. 


PHILOSOPHY  AND  THE  WAR 

By  Ralph  Tyler  Plewellino 

PaltMoc  of  rhUonphri  Uoimiltr  at  Sonhua  CumowU 
A  itrong  airmignment  of  the  German  Phi- 
lotopliy  V°'c'>  precipitated  the  World  War. 
The  worihip  of  power  and  the  oTer-emphatis 
upon  thmp  are  traced  to  their  proper  lource 
— Ihi  Dental  tf  Persmaliim. 
ISmo.    Vipagis.   Chth.  Ntt,  60  amti,  fxutpaui. 

AMERICA— HERE  AND  OVER  THERE 

By  Bishop  Luther  B.  Wilson 
Bishop Wilion'i  experience  in  Y.  M.  C.  A. 
war  work  on  the  other  side  makes  one  realize, 
perhaps  as  nerer  before,  what  America,  at 
home  and  in  France,  is  doing  to  bring  about 
the  great  victory  lor  which  ue  world  is  hop- 
ins  and  praying.  Hs  visited  the  camps, 
talked  with  our  beys,  lived  with  them,  spoke 
to  hundreds  of  soldiers  at  great  meetings 
within  the  war  zona,  and  brought  back  to 
America  a  personal  message  fram  General 
Pershing.  His  book  contains  much  that  will 
come  very  close  to  the  hearts  of  those  who ' 
have  toved  ones  "over  there" 

J6m0.    FnntupUa. 
108  pagu.    CUlh.    Nil,  75  anti,  p»4tpaid. 

THE  REUGIOUS  TEACHING  OF 
THE  OLD  TESTAMENT 

By  Albert  C.  Knvdsoii 

Piolmnc  In  Bonoa  Unlrniitr  School  of  Thaolotr 
Just  what  does  the  Old  Testament  teach 
regarding  God,  Man,  Redemption  and  the 
Future  Ofe?  To  answer  these  questions  is 
the  aim  of  this  bOolc  With  Professor  Knud- 
son  as  guide  one  sees  the  beginninei,  the 
growth  and  the  final  form  of  the  religious 
thinking  of  the  Hebrew  race.  An  invaluable 
volume  for  all  who  would  understand  the 
Old  Testament  and  its  Spiritual  message. 

Cnvm  Sim. 
432  p^u.     CIttk.    Sn,  SZ.50,  ptitptud. 


REUGION  AND  WAR 

By  William  Herbert  Perry  Favnce 

PiMUant  ol  Bmrn  Uslranltr 

Virile  in  style  and  constructive  in  purpoee. 
A  book  of  special  timeliness  and  Talue— at 
once  a  leTdation  and  an  empliasis  of  Christi- 
anity's sapieme  opportunity  in  the  world's 
new  day. 
Itma.  I88pasu.    Clttk.  Nit,Sl.OO,putpaid. 

JESUS-OUR  STANDARD 

By  HiRMAM  Harrill  Horhi,  Ph.D. 

PnlMnr  ol  HlMotr  ol  Bdacidoa  ud  tkt  Mmr  o( 
PkUoHskr,  Nov  York  Osimritir 

A  portrayal  of  Jasas  as  the  ideal  standard 
for  human  character  and  achievement  In 
this  study  Professor  Home  applies  the  most 
exacting  tests — Phvsical,  Intellectual,  Emo- 
tional and  Spiritual  The  reactions  are  the 
best.  ^  Jesus  u  standard.  A  rare  book  this, 
for  tlie  general  reader  or  lor  study  clsssss. 
Itm*.  308 fgu.  CItth.  Stl,Sl.t5, ptstpmd. 

THE  GOLDEN  MILESTONE 
THE  LUGGAGE  OF  LIFE 

By  F.  W.  BOREHAM 

The  TaaaunUo  imbor  snd  mlnlmff 

The  Boreham  cult  is  growing,  and  Beie- 
ham's  American  publishers  talce  pleasure  in 
announcing  these  two  additional  volumes. 
Boreiiam  touches  nothing  which  he  does  not 
adorn  with  the  sparkling  brightneu  of  a 
Fourth  of  July  Roman  candle.  His  book  of 
essays.  The  Other  Side  of  the  Hill,  The 
Luggage  of  Life,  The  Golden  Milestone, 
Mushrooms  on  the  Moor,  and  others,  iiave 
already  won  for  him  a  wide  popularity  in 
England  and  he  is  rapidly  being  discovered 
in  America. 

JZmo.    CUtk.    Bath;  tut,  Sl.ZS,  ptapaid. 


NEW  YORK    THE  ABINGDON  PRESS    Cincinnati 

CmCACO       BOSTON       PTTTSBURGH      DBTROIT      KANSAS  CmT      SAN  FRANCISCO      PORTLANIt,  GIB. 


TO   BOOK   PUBLISHERS 

This  is  the  first  of  three  special  Fall  Book  Issues  of 
The  Outlook,  giving  a  review  of  new  books  and  pub- 
lishers' announcements.  Other  special  book  numbers 
will  be  the  issues  of  November   6  and   December  4. 


Whatl5'.%Y6u.%/ 


A 


WaOOnfftom,  ^im  koma  oftha  PatMnOmr,  it  tha 
imitM-iMiUtr  of  ctvttlxahOH:   htslorp  I*  b^ng 
modi*  at  Mil  tmoHd  capUaL    The  putMhuUr't 
Utuattmrn  mmktt  rgvimm  ghm  to*  «  eimar,  Im^ 
partUU  ond  corract  dk^pnoglM  of  $mbOe  oJfMVs 


ttv,  wholeiomCf  tha  ^Bfkfiader  If  yottn.  If  you  would  apt 
«6riiovtlMt]raaB'*t)(Uk«BDehapapar,  aadw*  wfll  ■ — -*  '' 


Tha  Utile  BMtter  ol  1S«  Initunpcorcolnwfnbriiiff  jroatheSFiatAadet  tS 
weekaontrUL  The pRthftnderUaainaftimtad  weekly,  puUiiliedattheNadoo's 
center  lor  the  Nation  [  a  paper  that  prlnti  all  the  newe  of  the  world  and  tdbtiw 
truth  and  only  the  tnttiit  now  tn  Its  SMIl  year.  Thii  paper  fillt  the  bfllwlthont 
emptrlnSthepurMiltCMtabutSlareu.  If  70a  want  to  keep  ported  on  what 
ta  EcAng  on  (ft  tfi*  world,  at  the  least  expense  of  tlmo  or  moner,  this  Is  your 
means.   H  fOn  want  a  peverla^oiir  home  wlUch  la  alacere.  reUabtei  enteit^* 

Pstt'*'' 


pats  ercfytnlMcleerfyvjslriri  brletr— here  Hit.  SendtBc 

TlwPaiiiftiitavBos  37,Warth«tomD.C. 


The  New  Books  (CotOinued) 
sensation  or  of  horror.  It  is  an  nnosnal 
piece  of  imaginative  writing  and  has  the 
qualification  which  alone  jostifies  a  "  ghost 
story  " — that  while  it  is  being  read  it  tmly 
seems  to  be  actoal  and  almost  nataraL 
liand'a  End,  and  Other  Storiea.   By  \7in>iir 

Daniel  Steele.  Harper  &  Bratheia,  New  Toik. 

•1.35. 

latUe  Theater  Olaaaioa.  Adapted  and  Edited 
by  Somnel  A.  Eliot,  Jr.  Vol.  I— PolTmia, 
A_  Christmas  AGraole  Play,  Doctor  Fsoatiu, 
Rioardo  and  Viola,  The  Sebeming  Lieatmaiit. 
lUnstrated.  Little,  Brown  &  Co.,  Boston. 
»1.S0. 

liovers  of  lionlsiana.  B/  George  W.  CUile. 
Charles  Suribner's  Sons,  New  Yoric.  $1M. 
In  this  story  of  New  Orleans  life  Mr. 
Cable  approacnes  the  race  qoestion,  as  it 
still  exuts  to  his  thinking,  with  a  good 
deal  of  delicacy  and  also  with  dramade 
power.  The  Creole  characters,  in  particolar, 
revive  the  charm  of  Mr.  Gable's  earlier 
books,  and  all  in  all  it  seems  to  ns  one  of 
the  best  stories  which  has  come  from  bis 
pen  for  a  long  time. 

Liore  of  the  North  ^The).  By  Harold  BindksL 
The  Frederick  A.  Stdcas  Company,  New  York. 
•1.40. 
MinniKlen.    By  Asnes  and  JBgerton  Outle.  D. 
Appleton  ACo.,New  York.  91.00. 
This  is  hardly  equal  to  former  romances 
by  these  popal»r  authors.  It  is  hif  b-flown 
in  style  and  super-sentimmrtal  in  |3ot. 
Mlas  Mink's  Soldier,  and  Other  Btorin. 
By  AUoe  Hesan  Raoe.  Tk*  OSutiuy  Cornny, 
NewYoA.ll.25. 
Mjraterjr  of  Havdsy  Ho«M»(Ch«.   Bt  Clif- 
ford S.   HsymsaJ.    Tk»  Geoce   H.    D«. 
Company,  New  York.   SLW. 
An  ingenious  if    not  entirely   probaUe 
story  of  a  lasting  hatred.   The  details  of 
the  plot  are  worked  out  with  rather  nnosaal 
care,  and  the  mystery  is  struige  and  fas- 
cinating. 

Boofh  Bood  (The).    By  William   J.    Locke. 

llie  Jolm  Lane  Compaiqr,  New  York.  Sl.'SO. 
This  has  all  of  Mr.  Locke's  wonted  vivid- 
ness of  treatment  and  originality  in  dutr- 
acter  and  incident.  If  we  are  not  mis- 
taken, it  will  prove  perhaps  the  very  best 
piece  of  war  fiction  of  the  present  season. 
The  adventures  of  "Doggie,"  a  yoong 
Englishman  brought  np  as  a  mother's 
darling,  who  is  carried  into  the  war  much 
against  his  will  by  the  irresistible  tide  of 
^glish  patriotism,  gives  a  new  and  inter- 
estmg  pomt  of  view.  He  becomes  an  o£B- 
cer,  IS  totally  incapable  of  managing  men, 
and,  after  his  forced  resignation,  sees  that 
the  only  thine  for  him  to  do  is  to  serve  as 
a  private.  How  his  whole  character  and 
nature  undergo  a  chaiu^e  into  nuuilineas 
and  e£Eiciency,  how  he  'finds  tliat  he  is  in 
the  war  "  to  save  his  soul,"  and  how  be 
meets  in  France  a  nrl  who  has  suffered 
much  and  who  helps  nim  to  come  oat  fin« 
and  strong — all  this  is  woven  into  a  novel 
abounding  in  incident  and  often  marked  hr 
Mr.  Locke's  peculiar  whimsicality.  The 
love  romance  of  the  tale  makes  delightfnl 
reading ;  in  this  respect  it  differs  happily 
from  many  of  the  war  stories  of  the  day. ' 
Star  in  the  Window   (The).   A  Novel.  By 

Olive  HiKpos   Frouty.    The    Frederick    A. 

Stokes  Company,  New  Yorlc   $1.50. 

Strayed  BeveUers.    A  Novel  of  ModeraiMw 

Truth  and  IntradinK  War.  By  Allan  UpdegnS. 

Henry  Bolt  A  Co.,  New  York.   SI  .SO. 
Sonl  of    Snsan   Yellam   (The).    By   Bona 

Annesley  Vacbell.    The    Oeoige    B.    Doiws 

Company,  New  York.  91J)0. 

Mr.  Vachell  always  writes  with  chstna 
and  knowledge  of  character.  This  sitorr 
shows  how  the  war  came  to  a  little  £nglisk 
country  town  in  which  squire  and  pau-soa 
are  the  great  local  personages.  Sosan  hea^ 
self  is  a  capital  study  of  ^  midxUe-cAwsF 
Englishwoman  with  strong  and  resolntt 
Digitized  by  VJWVJV  l*^ 


1918 

TTu  New  Book*  (Continued^ 
tnuta.  A  vein  of  Bomethins  ai_ 
the  supematnral  nms  througn  the  tale. 

Vnole   Abner,  Master  of    Mjrsteriea.    By 
UalTille  OaviiMn  Port.   D.  Appletoo  &  Co., 
NewYoric.  91M. 
The  Virginia  mountuiu  are  here  chosen 
as  the  scene  of  strange  crimes  and  tragic 
mysteries.    In  place  of  the  professional 
detective  we  have  the  shrewd,  courageous 
pursuer  of  evil-doing,  Uncle  Abner.   The 
cases  he  solves  are  singular,  and  the  detec- 
tion of  the  wrong-doers  is  based  on  logical 
deduction  and  reasoning.  The  book  is  orig- 
inal in  the  class  of  crime  fiction  and  holds 
the  attention  closely. 

BOOKS  roR  Toime  voisb 

At  the  Bntterfly  House.   By  Edna  A.  Brown. 

niiutnited.    "nie   Lothrop,    Lee    &   Shepaid 

CSompuy,  Boston.  <1.3S. 
A  tale  of  home  and  school  written  par- 
tieolaily  with  schoolgirls  in  mind.    It  has 
distinct  charm  and  more  literary  quality 
than  most  books  of  this  class. 

CaU  of  tbe  Offshore  Wind  (The).  By  Ralph 
D.  Fhine.  Dlnatnted.  Honghtoo,  ilDBbn  Com- 
puy,  Boston.  SIJW. 

This  story,  like  others  by  the  author, 
deals  with  the  sea  and  American  seamen. 
The  young  Maine  sea  captain  who  aban- 
dons ship-Duilding  because  the  building  of 
wooden  ships  has  become  a  thing  of  the 
past  has  many  adventures  as  the  com- 
mander of  a  six-masted  schooner.  There  is 
plenty  of  plot  and  the  story  is  told  in  an 
energetic  way. 

D»Te  Porter  Under  Fire ;  or,  A  Tonng 
Army  IBaglneer  in  France.  By  Bdwaid 
Stntoneyer.  (Datb  Porter  Series.)  BlnrtiBtwl. 


THE  OUTLOOK 


189 


mie  Lotiirop,  Lee  A  Shepiird  Oompiuiy,Bostvn 

S1.25. 
The  "  Dave  Porter"  stories  never  seem 
to  lose  dieir  immense  popularity  with  boy 
readers.  Naturally,  Dave  was  bound  to  be 
in  this  war.  His  adventures  are  told  in  a 
spirited  way. 

Doss  of  Boytown  (The).  By  Walter  A.  Dyer. 
Dlnatrmted.  Hemy  Hidt  &  Co.,  New  Toik. 
SIJO. 

In  tbe  Days  of  the  Guild.  By  L.  Lamprey, 
nimtmted.  The  Frederick  A.  Stokes  Cm- 
pany,  Mew'Tofk.  Sl.SO. 

Tlie  color  illustrations  and  cover  design 
^ve  an  art  value  to  this  collection  of  stories. 
Tliey  all  deal  with  children  who  help  "  in 
l>ring^ng  about  the  golden  age  of  English 
art "  and  skilled  inaustrv,  such  as  sons  or 
apprentices  of  g^ldsmitcs,  wood-carvers, 
wool  merchants,  and  so  on.  The  book 
teaches,  as  William  Morris  did,  that  sin- 
cerity, simplicity,  and  beaii^y  in  design  are 
tbe  goal  oi  industrial  art. 

MfKber  West  Wind  "  Where  "  Stories.  By 
Thornton  W.  BnigeH.  Dlnitisted.  Little, 
Brown  &  Co.,  Boston.   91. 

Soont  Drake  in  War  Time.  By  Iwbsl  Homi- 
brook.  lUnstrated.  Uttle,  Brown  &  Co., 
Boston.  91..%. 

Secret  Wireless  (The) ;  or.  The  Spy  Hunt 
of  tbe  Camp  Brady  Patrol.  By  Lewis 
E.  ThetM.  lUaitmted.  The  W.  A.  WUde 
Company.  Ikarton.  91.2S. 

This  is  a  sequel  to  a  capital  boys'  book 
of  which  we  have  already  spoken.  It 
•bounds  in  patriotism  and  is  lively  reading. 

Vnole  Remus  Returns.  By  Joel  Chandler 
Harria.  Boachton  Mifflin  Company,  Boaton. 
91.30. 

There  never  can  be  too  many  Uncle 
Remus  stories.  That  ten  such  stories  exist 
which  have  never  appeared  in  book  form  is 
really  a  Hterary  find.  Young  readers  will 
■njoy  these  tales  for  their  human-nature 
and  animal-nature  aspects,  and  older  read- 
Mr*  will  find  in  them  Qie  same  quiet  humor 
tnd  the  same  intimate  knowledge  of  Negro 
ilia>«eter  and  folk-lore  which  were  such 


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By  Jbffkry  Farnol 
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A  joyous  and  vigorous  romance  of  the 
period  of  "  The  Broad  Highway,"  that 
will  appeal  to  the  reader  who  is  tired 
of  "  war  stories."  $1.60  net. 

The  Zeppelin's 
Passenger 

By  E.  PfliLLiPs  Oppenhxim 

Author  of  ''The  Pawns  Count," 

V  7^  Kingdom  of  the  Blind" 

Another  German  Spy  Story  —  more 
audacious  than  Mr.  Oppetihdm  has 
heretofore  written.  %U0  net. 

Virtuous  Wives 

By  Owen  Johnson 
Author  of  "  The  Salamander" 

A  highly  interesting  and  truthful  story 
of  married  life  in  New  York,  that  every 
woman  will  wish  to  read.       %150  nd. 


Thy  Son  Liveth 

Anonymous 
Wireless  messages  from  an  American 
soldier  killed  in  France,  to  his  sor- 
rowing mother — assuring  her  that 
while  his  body  has  been  killed,  he  is 
alive  and  only  distressed  by  the  grief 
of  those  on  earth.  His  mother  in  turn 
gives  his  messages  of  consolation  to 
the  world.  75  cents  net. 

Little  Theater  Classics 

Volume  I 

By  Samuel  A.  Eliot,  Jb. 

Contains  five  one-act  plays  of  rare 
merit  adapted  for  "  Little  Theaters," 
or  for  stay-at-home  readers. 

$1J0  net. 


Tltm  Big  Biography  of  tho 
Yoar  Jagt  PuWakmd 

GEORGE 
WESTINGHOUSE: 

His  Life  and  Achievements 
By  Francis  E.  Lbupp 
Although  one  of  the  foremost  Ameri- 
can inventors,  no  adequate  biography 
of  George  Westingfaouse  has  hitherto 
appeared.  As  unfolded  by  Mr.  Leupp 
l^  career  reads  like  a  romance. 

Illustrated.    tSM  net. 


The  Cradle  of  the  War 

THE  NEAR   EAST   AND 
PAN-GERMANISM 
By  H.  Charles  Woods,  F.R.G.S. 
A  really  valuable  work  based  on  the 
author's  Lowell  Institute  lectures  on 
"War  and  Diplomacy  in  the  Balkans." 

$2  JO  net: 

Nerves  and  die  War 

By  Annie  Favson  Call 
A  timely  and  appropriate  volume  on 
the  economy  of  nerve  force  by  the 
author  of  "  Power  Through  Repose." 

$125  net. 

My  Chmese  Days 

By  Gulielma  F.  Alsop 
With  its  background  of  Oriental  col- 
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volume  of  really  wonderful  vignettes 
of  Chinese  life,  by  a  woman  physician. 

$2.00  net. 

The  Government  of  die 
British  Empire 

By  Edward  Jenks,  B.C.L.,  M.A. 
A  simple  and  non-technical  descrip- 
tion of  the  system  under  which  the 
British  Empire  is  governed.  Mr. 
Jenks'  book  is  up  to  date,  and  owing 
to  his  high  standing  may  be  regarded 
as  authoritative.  $2.00  net. 

Three  Centuries  of  Treaties 

of  Peace  and  Their 

Teaching 

By  Sir  W.  G.  F.  Phillimore, 

Bart.,  D.C.L.,  LL.D. 

The  object  of  this  book  is  to  supply 

materials  for  guidance  when  the  terms 

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some in  its  tragic  intensity;  tnu  othir,  "  Har- 
bor Tales  Down  North,"  is  tender,  quaint, 
and  marked  by  that  supreme  quality  of  the 
Story-teller's  art — unaffected  simplioity.  Both 

HARBOR  TAIES  ^iST 
DOWN  NORTH    Mi"'^^ 

Honoie  WiUsie,  in  the  New  York  Titnes 
Magazim :  "  We  lost  the  best  short  story 
writer  in  the  country  when  Norman  Duncan 
died." 

Two  vols.,  eaeh  illustrated.  Net  fl.SS. 

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thrillii^  "  rapid-fire  "  romance  of  an  Ameri- 
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phere of  these  thrilling  heart-searching  days. 
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UNCLE  JOE'S  ""^  ^  »'!«' 
UNOitN 


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a  delightful  story  of  the  influenoe  of  the  life 
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CJUHERON  EdwiD  C.  Birritt 

ISLAND 


Uie  author  of  "The  Boy 
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for  a  fascinating  story  of  adventures  which 
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Aft. 


THE   OUTLOOK 

The  New  Books  (Continued) 
pleasing  features  of  Mr.  Harris's  earlier 
Uncle  Remus  tales. 

Wonder  of  War  on  Land  (The).   By  Francis 
Rolt-Wheeler.  Illustrated.  The  Lothrop,  Lee 
&  Shepatd  Company,  Boston.    91. 3S. 
A  war  story  in  which  a  young  American 
serves  in  the  French  army  from  before  the 
first    battle  of   the   Mame,  through    the 
"  digging  in  "  period,  and  on  until  recent 
events.  He  has  good  opportunities  to  see 
the  special  features  which  have  made  tliis 
war  so  strange — such  as  the  tank,  the  poison- 
gas  attacks,  the  new  developments  in  artil- 
kry,  the  marvels  of  mUitary  telephoning, 
and  so  on.   The  book  is  intendea  chieify 
for  boys,  whom  it  certainly  should  interest. 

Young  Alaskans  In  the  Far  North.    By 

Emerson  Hough.  Dloatrated.  Harper  &  Broth- 
ers, New  Tork.   $1.25. 

BIOORAPHT 
Abraham  Lincoln.   By  Wilbur  F.Gordv.  llln» 
trated.  Charles  Scribner's  Sons,  New  York.  $1. 

Book  of  Remarkable  Crlmina|8  (A).   By 

H.  B.  Irving.  The  George  H.  Doran  Company, 

New  York.   *2. 

This  is  a  book  that  would  have  gladdened 

the  heart  of  De  Qaincey  and  given  him 

new  material  for  his  celebrated  essay  on 

"  Murder  as  a  Fine  Art."   The  writing  is 

that  of  a  practiced  hand  and  the  details 

are  worked  out  with  much  art.  Such  books 

make   fascinating    reading,  but    are    not 

suited  for  immature  or  susceptible  minds. 

Farther  Indiscretions.    By  a  Woman  of  No 
Importance.   £.  P.  Dutton  &  Co.,  New  York. 
95. 
These  eossipy  stories  are  mostly  harm- 
less enou^  and  many  of  them  are  enter- 
taining.  They  deal   with  "high  society," 
and  people  who  like  to  eet  into  intimate 
touch  with  titled  celebrities  will  find  them 
amusing. 

George  Bernard  8haw :  His  Life  and 
works.  A  Critical  Biography.  By  Archibald 
Henderson,  M.A.,  Ph.D.  Boni  &  Liveright, 
New  York.    $1.50. 

A  popular  and  low-priced  edition  of  the 
most  satisfactory  and  comprehensive  book 
about  "  G.  B.  S.  — Ids  life,  nis  opinions,  liis 
work  as  critic,  plavwright,  and  social  re- 
former. It  is  a  book  emmently  worth  read- 
ing, for  it  abstains  from  excessive  laudation 
and  shows  the  real  Shaw  from  many  angles. 

George    Westlnghonse :    His    Life    and 
Achievements.  By  Francis  K.  Leupp.  B- 
lustrated.  Little,  Brown  &  Co.,  Boston.   93. 
In  these  days  of  paper  shortafre  and  lack 
of  skilled  workmen  it  is  a  pleasure  to  take 
up  a  book  like  this,  which  shows  no  evi- 
dence of  any  difficulty  in  reaching  a  high 
standard  of  excellence.  It  tells  in  admira- 
ble fashion  die  story  of  one  of  America's 
^eat  men — a  man  much  more  influential 
m  our  history  than  many  a  "  statesman  " 
whose  writings  and  speeches  fill  our  library 
shelves. 

Indian  Heroes  and  Great  Chieftains.   By- 
Charles    A.    Eastman   (Ohiyesa).   lUustiated. 
^    Little,  Brown  &  Co.,  Boston.   $1.25. 
Interesting  accounts,   these,   of  Indian 
chiefs  of  recent  times,  some  of  them  well 
known  to   die  white    reader  and   others 
better  known  to  a  full-blooded  Indian  like 
the  author.   The  stories  are  stirring,  well 
balanced,  and  written  in  a  spirit  of  fairness 
to  both  races,  though  most  of  them  have  a 
tragical  ending  for  the  Indian  hero. 

One  of  Them.  Chapters  from  a  Passionate  Auto- 
biography. By  Elizabeth  llasanovitz.  Hough- 
ton MifHin  Company,  Boston.  $2. 

Something  of  die  power  of  Gorky,  Dos- 
toyevsky,  and  other  Kussian  writers  who 
are  gripped  by  the  somber  side  of  life  is  in 
this  book.  It  IS  vivid,  passionate,  intense  to 
the  last  degree.  As  the  pathetic  story  of  a 
girl  immigi-ant  and  factory  worker  it  ought 


2  OetobcT 


Stall's  Books 

HELP  WIN  THE  WAR 


N1 


to  MtMn  hu  rm  nude  dtc  umc  afat*  t* 
ktrp  iu  bays  ckan  and  stronf  w  Amcrk*. 
SuITi  BmIu  uuk  bays  and  nwn.  l*ri*  aad 
««aMa  Uul  riM  livini  and  Uunkni  will  farinc 
Vkwy. 

-WHAT  A  YOUNC  aor  OUtHT  TO  KNOT- 
-«HAT  a  VOUNC  HUN  OUGHT  TO  KNOtr 
-»HAT  A  YOUNC  HUSSANO  OUCHT  TO  ICNO«- 
-WHAT  A  MAN  Of  «  OUCHT  TO  KNO*- 

-WHAT  A  VOUNC  CIW.  OUCHT  TO  KNOW" 
•«HAT  A  VOUNC  WOMAN  OUCHT  TO  KNOW 
-IIHAT  A  VOUNC  WIFE  OUCHT  TO  KNOW" 
-WHAT  A  WOMAK  Ot  4)'0UCHT  TO  KNOW" 

iS«utui«b  rMnllitNaExliPaCOT 


-mE  VIR  PUBUSHINC  COMPANY 
558  cta*  a«.  ihfc  wa  Am  k. 


The  Power 
of  Truth 

The  power  of  the  ten  Com- 
mandments, the  Beatitudes, 
the  Magna  Charta.  the  Bill  of 
Rights,  the  Declaration  of 
Inaependence,  or  the  Eman- 
cipation Proclamation,  is  in 
the  truth  they  express. 

The  Beatitudes  and  some  other 
great  declarations  of  history  prove 
that  truth  is  comforting  and  com- 
passionate, as  well  as  accorate 
and  exacting. 

The  Qiristian  Sdence  Mooilar 

Am  Iniematioatl  Daif}/  Ife^spMpar 

does  not  hesitate  to  present  the  d^ 
mands  of  truth  whether  to  be  com- 
forting and  compassionate  or  to 
expose  and  defeat  the  purposes  of 
hidden  eviL 

And  the  Monitor  insists  npoa 
being  interesting  in  this  presenta- 
tion of  truth,  which  alone  is  zeal 
news. 

The  Christian  Science  **~'-''~' 
is  $9.00  a  year  by  mail,  or  may  be 
obtained  at  news  stands,  hotels 
and  Christian  Science  reading- 
rooms.  A  monthly  trial  subscrip- 
tion by  mail  anywhere  in  the  -wrorld 
for  75c;  a  single  copy  for  3g  stamp. 

THE  CHRISTIAN   SCIENCE 
PUBLISHING  SOCIBTV 

BOSTON  U.  S.  A. 

Sola  pabttBhort  of  all  authorimcd 
ChritHaa  Seienoa  litarmhxro 


STA 
PI 


TANDARD 

ARD 

RITITAL 


SOVf  G 


Juat  Oat.  A  Mew  Bonv  Book.  HaiimlB  oapr  «• 
demoiutntc  itcvmlae.  Examinstion  Copy  BoardSo-CloU  » 
The  BIkIow  and  Main  Co.,  If ew  Toric  -  Chieac 


"HEAVEN  AND  HELL" 

The  molt  surtlloc  o(  the  pioloaa4  vttelac*  ^ 
SWEOENBORG,  the  ceiMMnieA  tkraT  ' 
phllotapker  and  •cleotlst.  632 
pace  book,  well  ptioled,  aabttan- 
liallr  boDnd,  treadnc  of  Ike  Llle 
after  Death,  aeat  without  farther  cote  bc  sk^~ 
catien  on  receipt  of  Sc.  WriK  lor  cncspkr 
liatolpabllcatlont. 

THE  AMERICAN  SWEDENBOtC 

PRnriNC    k    PUBLUHIHC    aOCISTT 

Not  T«< 


Digitized  by 


^^i 


^c^gftr*- 


)18 


THE  OUTLOOK 


191 


The  Nev  Bookt  (Continued) 
t  have  manr  readers  and  stir  sympathetic 
nes  to  the  depths. 

nsroRT.  FounoAL  bconoht,  add  FOLinOB 
jneriOAD  Democracy  and  Asiatic  Citi- 
zenship. By  Sidney  L.  Gnliok,  D.D.  Charles 
ScribiMr%  Sons,  New  York.  Sl.Td. 
Lisina  Japan.  By  Jabex  T.  Sanderlaod,  M.A., 
D.D.  Foreward  by  Lindsay  RukU.  O.  P. 
Pntoun's  Sons,  New  Yotk.  91.25. 
Citizenship  for  the  Japanese  in  this 
inntry  has,  we  think,  never  heen  more 
)rcefally  ntved  than  by  Dr.  Gnlick.  He 
Dints  out  mat  of  the  total  number  of 
apanese  here  several  thousands  live  east 
I  the  Rocky  Mountains,  most  of  whom 
ftve  secured  high  school  and  many  of  them 
>Uege  education  in  America ;  Uiat  not  a 
>w  of  them  have  married  American  wives 
ad  are  rearine  families  essentially  Aineri- 
in;  tbat  their  years  of  life  here  have 
LTgely  severed  them  from  Ja^an,  and 
lat  were  thev  to  return  to  their  native 
jid  they  would  not  only  find  it  difScult  to 
itablish  fresh  and  satisfactory  relations 
ith  their  kindred  and  their  people,  but 
lat  many  of  them  would  even  nnd  it  diffi- 
ik  to  make  a  living.  These  Japanese 
ish  to  acquire  American  citizenship.  A 
articnlarly  informatiye  chapter  is  that 
>ncemui2  the  Hawaiian  Islands,  where 
h.  Gali<£  spent  the  early  years  of  his 
fo. 

Dr.  Sunderland's  view  of  citizenship  is 
I  harmony  with  the  above,  and  he  pays  a 
istinct  personal  tribute  to  Dr.  Gulick  as  a 
rotaeonist.  Of  views  tending  to  create 
ispicion  of  jM>an  which  have  appeared 
I  some  recently  published  volumes,  Dr. 
nnderland's  book  is  a  corrective. 
Ixpanalon  ot  Ehirope  (The).  A  History  of 
tbe  Fonndatiaoi  of  the  Modem  Worid.  By 
WiUnir  Cortex  Abbott,  B.Litt.  (Ozon.),  M.A. 
lUnstiated.  2  vols.  Henry  H<dt  &  Co.,  New 
Yotk.  S6.«>. 
One  of  the  author's  reasons  for  compiling 
lis  able  work  was  to  show  the  connection 
I  the  past  with  the  present.  His  interesting 
fview,  therefore,  of  the  past  five  centuries 
Dold  have  been  still  more  interesting,  and 
irtainly  more  impressive,  had  he  given 
tore  space  to  the  Gothic  age,  the  great 
imolns  to  succeeding  civilization — the  age 
hen  the  Venetians  conquered  Constanti- 
)ple,  when  the  English  House  of  Commons 
sa  founded,  when  printing  was  discovered ; 
«  age  of  Runnymede,  A^incourt,  Cr^cy, 
:  Innocent  III,  Louis  lA,  Frederick  II, 
id  Badolf  of  Htussburg  ;  tiie  age  of  Joan 
!  Arc,  Rienzi,  Dante,  Chaucer,  Thomas 
qoinas,  Wycliffe,  Hus,  Jerome  of  Prague. 
aoihetr  reason  for  compiling  the  work  nas 
ten  to  show  the  connection  of  the  social, 
lonomic,  and  intellectual  development  of 
oropean  peoples  with  their  political  af- 
in,  especially  including  the  eastern  Euro- 
tan  nations  and  the  Europeiuis  overseas. 
Te  have  thus  a  new  synthesis  of  modern 
story,  well  set  forth,sugge8tive,  andstimu- 
ting. 

TBATXL  AHD  DISORIFTION 
y  OlUneee  Daya.  ByGnlielma'F.  Alsop.  Illns- 

ttated.   Little,  Brown  &  Co.,  Boston.    $2, 
Thia  i>  a  book  of  sketches  of  Chinese 
!•  that  reads  like  a  novel  and  ends  like 
le— of   the    old-fashioned   wedding-bells 

feThe  adventures  are  of  the  most  snr- 
;  sort  to  have  happened  to  a  mission- 
w  pbjrrician — but  then  things  do  happen 
fheae  days  in  China.  The  illustrations 
k  exceptionally  attractive. 

{•mtll  Ooatlaent  (The).  A  Hiitoiy  of  the 
DiaewTeiy  and  Bzplotatiansof  Antarctica.  By 
I  Brian  8.  WriKht.  DlnstnUwd.  Richard  Q. 
'  Badgw,  Boitaa.  S2.fiO. 
pf ra.  Wright  has  written  the  story  of 
discovery  in  a  complete  and  sat- 


Itarctiei 


Notable  New  Doran  Books 

FEDERAU  POWER!  Srfiaa..  Henry  LitcMeU  Wett 

^^{u3y77ot?TcGoIarI^an2nr8adable,  of  the  sabject  which  more  than  any  other 
holds  the  attention  of  the  political  consciousness  of  the  nation  to-day.  N^  11.50 

THE  CREAT  CRUSADE!  ''T^^iii^ David  Lloyd  George 

SnglraclTneaT^ra^ommone^as'inspiring  messages  for  all  free  peoples.  The 
best  of  all  nis  deliverances  since  \ror  began.  12mo.  Net,  ILSO 

FROM  BAPAUME  TO  PASSCHENPAELE 

The  WeMtem  Front  in  1917— with  mapt  Philip  Cibbs 

There  is  no  more  thoroughly  eqnipped  correspondent  on  the  Western  Front  than 
Philip  Gibbs.  A  permanent  record  of  one  of  tne  most  tragic  periods  of  the  war. 

8vo.  Net,|2ai0 

THE  BRITISH  CAMPAICN  IN  FRANCE  AND 
gLAWpKte^.  ^§16  ifcr -^ SirA.Conan  Doyle 

The  valuean^grea^mportance  of  Sir  Arthnr's  History  becomes  more  and  more 
apparent.  This  third  volume  exceeds  in  dramatic  interest  its  predecessors,  dealing 
as  it  does  vdth  the  first  year  of  attack  by  the  British  army.  8vo.  Net,  $2.00 

THE  ECLIPSE  OF  RUSSIA  Dr.  E.  J.  Ditton 

Th^Tru^Stor^o^^MMu^wtoerae^ma  ItM  PrtparoHon  tor  Anarchy 

A  revelation  of  the  genins  and  the  weakness  of  the  Russian  people  by  the  world's 
recognized  authority  on  the  Slavic  races.  Svo.   Net,  14.00 

THE  MIND  OF  ARTHUR  JAMES  BALFOUR 

SWeBSTB5nrn?TC535lBESnrrJBS!^^"^^^^TIB3!353rTP373C33riic  cu^umi 

mdAMr——.M$r».t»tr  mrmnemiby     VYtUria  M,  OttOtt 

Discovers  one  of  the  finest  intellects  of  oar  time.  With  an  added  section  on  Ger- 
many.  Portrait  Octavo.  Net,  12.50 


THE  HIVE 


Witt  Ledngton  Comfort 


A  companion  volmne  of  essays  to  "Child  and  Country."  A  book  of  inspiration  for 
all  who  feel  the  call  of  the  new  world  democracy.  12mo.   Net,  11.50 

AN  ENGLISHWOMAN'S  HOME 

Mrs.  A.  Burneii  Smith  O^Zi?-) 

Mrs.  Smith's  book  will  rank  with  The  Hilltop  on  the  Mame"  as  a  thrilling  oar> 
rative  of  the  civilian  people  under  the  stress  of  war  and  its  accompanying  dis- 
aster. 12nio.   Net,  $1.25 

THE  NEW  REVELATION  Sir  A.  Conan  Doyle 

Everywhere  this  remarkable  boSn^ir  Arthur  Conan  Doyle  has  been  accepted 
as  the  most  illuminating  of  recent  books  on  the  engrossing  subject  of  Psychical 
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MAN  IS  A  SPIRIT  ■'**^il2,'S:r,:!>»«**-'  J,  Arthur  Hitt 

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Research.  12mo.   Net,  11.50 

KNITTINC  AND  SEWINO  Maude  Churchitt  Nicott 

Seventy  usSSTSticlesTormenTJnheT^nny  and  Navy.  Describes  and  illustrates 
different  kinds  of  material,  stitches,  etc  Svo.   Net,  |L50 

THE  TITLjE:  A  Play  in  On»  Act  Arnold  Bennett 

^l^mor^pa3cnn^^^e3y  nas  been^ntt^^inee  Oscar  Wilde.  A  courageous 
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12mo.    Net,  (1.00 

A  BOOK  OF  REMARKABLE  CRIMINALS   H.B.Irving 

^fascinating  presenSSio^^FTneTnE^moS^JCtraorSinary  aspects  of  human 
nature,  by  an  acute  and  enthusiastic  criminologist  and  a  brilliant  writer.  Net,  12,00 

BEHIND  THE  SCENES  IN  THE  REICHSTAG 

Abbe  E.  WetterU 

Sprightly  as  witty  gossip,  anthentie  as  history,  are  these  stining  memoirs  of  an 
.AJsatian  priest  who  has  devoted  bis  life  to  fighting  the  political  battles  of  his 
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WOMEN  WANTED  Mabel  Potter  Daggett 

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PRACTICAL  FLYING 

^^SS'         TSa*  Commander  W.  C.  McMinniet 

Not  only  a  textbook  for  aviators,  but  the  most  intelligible  book  on  aviation. 
Adequately  supplied  with  illustrations,  diagrams,  maps,  etc.  12mo.  Net,  11.50 

THE    LETTERS  OF  THOMASINA   ATKINS,  Private 

(W.  A.  A.  C.)  on  Active  Servlbo  ^aTKjJ^'^^i^^r.isrZii^''' 

The  story  of  the  newest  wartime  figure  in  history,  a  character  absolutely  unique 
in  war.  Miss  Thomasina,  of  the  W.  A.  A.  C. 12mo.  Net,  fl.OO 

r     New  York 


GEORGE  H.  DORAN  COMPANY     .-.* 

PUBLISHERS     IN     AMERICA    FOR 


Publi$h«ra 

HODDER 


■  R    ft    STOUCHTON     r> 

Digitized  by  VJ\^»^V  IC 


192 


THE   OUTLOOK 


2  October 


Henry 

Dick»on, 
Principal 


The  iiei^ret  of  btui* 

neaa  and  social  Buc- 

cea«  ifl  the  ability  _^^_ 

to  remember.  I  can  ^~^^~^ 
make  your  mind  an  infallibla 
clRSflified  index  from  which  you  can 
Instantly  Rolcct  thoughts,  facts, 
fiifurcs,  names,  faces.  Enables  you 
Co  concMitral*.  d«v»le»  m  If  •  control, 
overcome  bashfulnee*.  thlnh  on  reur 
(••t.  •ddrese  an  ■wdlenc*.  Eaay.  Siiit[>le, 
Tbe    result   of    20  yt-mrw'  experieoc*  d^ 

velopfnr  mtnnoriea  of  thouMnd*. 
Writ*  TnA»m    ''>'"   f'*^  booklet  "How  to 

rItfKted  Memery  Teet.  *imo  how  to  obtain  my 
FKEE  book,  "liow  To  Speak  In  Public." 


DkkMo  School  of  Mtmorj,  1739  Hearst  BUf .,  Chkaro.  IC 


The  New  Method 
Place*  Confidence 

<u  the 
Basis  of  Control 


Scolding  and  Whip- 
ping An  Relics  of 
the  Barharous  Ages 


Ki^t  and  yftmi 

Methods  in 
Child  Mining 

Many  loviiie  iiarenta  with  tlie  beat  interests  of  >thf  ir 
children  at  heart  liave  worked  irreparable  harm  tlirouuh 
the  use  of  old  haphaznnl  methods  of  child  trainiiiK.  Un- 
knowingly they  comuiit  crimes  aKaiiwt  their  chililren 
almortt  <uiily,  due  to  a  la*'k  of  any  coiu-rete,  m'ientific 
method  for  Imndline  disubeoiJeiKH',  wijfutnesi*.  untnith- 
fiihiesii  and  the  hundred  other  dalllaL:in^;  traits  that  are 
apt  to  wret-k  a  child's  whole  life.  Harsh  puuiHhmt^nta 
and  angrv  wurdH  Mimnly  drive  ba4i  tniitHdeei>er  and  [uve 
the  way  for  later  and  greater  faults. 
But  now  a  new  method  of  child  training  has  superseded 
the  ohl  and  tlm  immediate  and  peniiaiient  results  are 
nothiuK  short  of  marvelous. 

BASED   ON  CONFIDENCE 

Under  this  new  system  children  prow  up  in  comra^lesliip 

witli  their  iiarenta.   A  |rt\ine    mutual  reMi»ect  iroveniM 

each  wurd  and  act.    Youthful  ideals  are  built  ana  stroni,; 

little  characters  inoulde<l.    The  child  remains  forever 

free  from  such  traits  as  dis- 

obedieiK^e,  jealousy,  (ear   and 

de<^eit.     The  true  confidence 

that   iHirents  win  from  their 

children    under    this    better 

methoil    smooths    out    every 

tendency  to  rebellion,  to  evit- 

sion,  and    to    the    muny    bad 

4iualitjes      that      develop      so 

quickly  and  easily  in  children. 

HIGHEST  ENDORSEMENTS 

This  new  syNteni,  which  lias 
been  put  into  the  form  of  an 
illustiattHl  Covirse  prepared 
««ipei*ially  for  the  busy  parent, 
is  pro^luciun  remarkable  and 
immediate  rt^ults  for  thou- 
sands of  uarent^s  in  all  iHirts  of 
the  worlti,  and  is  also  endorse*! 
by  leading  educators.  It  rovers  all 
ages  from  emdle  to  eighteen  years. 

FREE  BOOK 

"New  Methods  in  Child  Traininp" 
is  the  title  of  a  startling  book  which 
deacribea  thi.-*  new  system  and  out- 
lines the  work  of  the  Parents'  Asso- 
ciation. Mail  couix>n  or  send  a  letter 
or  postal  today  and  tlie  book  will  be 
sent  free — but  do  it  now  as  this  an- 
uouucemeut  may  never  appear  again. 

The  Parents*  Ataociation 
Dcpt.  UO-B.  449  Fovth  Are..  N.  Y.  City 


DO  YOU   KNOW  HOW- 

to  iustntct  cliiMrc n  In  llic 
delicate  niattcrsot  w\ ' 

to  always  obain  clu-erfiit 
obetlicin-cT 

to  corrfit  mistakes  of 
early  trainiuirr 

tokeciithiMfronicryinn? 

tu  dc\cIop  iuiliatitc  hi 
cltiUlf 

to  teath  child  histanil\ 
to  omii-lv  with  totn- 
m.-»n'l.'l)onttoudr  ? 

to    prr^cnt      ipiarrrlin^ 
and  tijjhlini;T 
The^t  are  .'n/y  n  t:  .v 


FREE  BOOK  COUPON 
Puots'  AuKiatiM.  lac..  Dtpl.  IIO-B,  449  Fwilk  An.,  New  York  Cly 
Pl«ttse  st-ml  me  your  book.  "  New  Methods  in  Child  Train- 
ing.'" free.   Tliis  does  not  obligate  we  in  any  way. 


Name.. 


City Sute.. 


The  New  Boola  (Continued) 
isfactory  manner  and  illuminated  her  nar- 
rative with  many  attractive  pictures.  It 
would  seem  that  among  these  should  have 
been  included  a  portrait  of  Captain  Amund- 
sen, the  hero  of  the  greatest  exploit  of 
Antarctic  exploration,  and  a  picture  of  the 
ship  that  shared  his  glory. 

B88ATB   AND  CRITICIBll 
Joys  of  Being  a  Woman,  and  Other  Papers 

rrhe).     By    Winifred    Kirkland.     Hooghton 
Mifflin  Company,  Boston.  SI. 50. 

^  By  nature  man  belongs  to  the  hunt  in 
the  open,  and  woman  to  the  fire  indoors, 
and  just  here  lies  one  of  the  best  reasons 
for  being  a  woman  rather  than  a  man,  be- 
cause a  woman  can  get  alongwithout  a  man's 
out-of-doors  much  better  tiian  a  man  can  get 
along  witliout  a  woman's  indoors,  wluch 
proves  woman  of  the  two  the  better  bache- 
lor." This  sentence  illustrates  the  clever 
stvle  and  subtle  thought  of  these  essays, 
which  are  quite  exceptional  and  worth  while. 

REUOION  AND  PBUASUPUr 

Christian  Man,  the  Church  and  the  'War 

(The).   By  Robert  E.  Speer.   The  MitciuiUiui 

Company,  New  York.  00c. 
Whatever  may  have  been  true  in  1914,  it 
is  certainly  no  longer  true  tliat  the  Church, 
like  Peter,  stands  at  tlie  fire  wanning  itself. 
It  is  taking  a  very  active  part  in  this  gieat 
world  campaign  for  liberty  and  justice. 
Rabbi  Wise  the  other  day  pronounced 
upon  the  Allied  annies  in  Europe  the  Beati- 
tude, "  Blessed  are  the  peacemakers  :  for 
they  shall  be  called  the  children  of  God." 
This  has  come  to  be  the  attitude  of  the 
Christian  Church.  It  recognizes  the  armies 
in  Europe  as,  to  use  Henry  van  Dyke's 
phrase,  "fighting  for  peace."  Just  because 
the  Church  is  a  free  institation  in  which 
there  is  a  much  larger  liberty  of  discussion 
than  its  critics  have  believed  it  possesses 
the  Church  gives  to  Christ's  law  differing 
interpretations,  but  the  notion  that  Christ's 
law  forbids  all  use  of  force  in  the  age-long 
conflict  against  evil  has  ceased  to  find  ex- 
pression. There  are  points  in  Dr.  Speer's 
interpretation  of  the  Christian  spirit  in 
which  we  differ  with  hfan,  but  in  the  main 
we  think  this  little  book  will  help  those  who 
in  the  present  hour  are  perplexed  how  to 
reconcile  their  instincts  with  their  conven- 
tional interpretation  of  Christianity,  and  it 
will  do  this  by  enabling  them  to  come  to  a 
better,  a  deeper,  and  a  more  practical  un- 
derstanding of  what  Christianity  demands 
of  the  Christian  man  and  of  the  Church  in 
time  of  war. 
Psychology  of  Conviction  (The).    A  Study 

of  Beliefa  and  Attitudes.    By  Joseph  Jastrow. 

Honghton  Mifflin  Company,  Boston.  S2.50. 
This  masterly  work  by  the  Professor  of 
Psychology  in  the  University  of  Wisconsin 
eniorces  by  a  variety  of  instances  the  fun- 
damental moral  obligation  of  clear  thinking 
in  the  formation  of  reasonable  beliefs. 
Caesar,  in  his  "  Gallic  War,"  observes  that 
"men  generally  believe  what  they  desire 
to."  Professor  Jastrow  remarks  that  the 
prevention  of  desire  from  dominating  belief 
IS  but  partially  accomplished  even  in  dis- 
ciplined minds.  "  How  German  minds  can 
think  as  they  do  seems  even  more  amazing 
than  that  German  hands  should  be  so 
infamously  polluted  with  crime." 

The  "  case  method  "  used  in  schools  of 
law  is  applied  effectively  in  this  volume  to 
illustrate  the  interaction  of  our  logical  and 
our  psychological  nature  and  men  s  convic- 
tions as  a  compromise  between  them. 
RellKioos  EMuoation  in  the  Ohnrch.    By 

Henry    Frederick    Cope.    Charles    Scribner's 

Sons,  New  York.    .«I.i'.. 
The  twenty-two  chapters  of  this  volume 
))y  the  Genend  .Secretary  of  the  Religious 


A  Remarkahle  and  Timely  Work 
SIMON  LAKE 

Of  international  fame  aa  an  inventor  especially  aka; 
submarine  lines,  tells  the  wonderful  story  of— 

The  Submarine 
in  War  and  Peace 

Its  Devdopment  and  Possibilitiei 

By   SIMON    LAKE,  M.IJf.A. 
71  illiutrationt  and  a  chart.  93.00  net. 
important  and  authoritatiom 

NEW  YORK  TRIBUNE:  "With  Oenm 
frbmarines  prowling  abont  the  entrance  to  N«« 
York  harbor  and  destroying  vessels  along  the  neU- 
boring  coast,  there  is  peculiar  timeliness  in  this& 
volume  by  one  of  the  chief  inventors  of  that  strlr 
ot  craft.  .  .  .  The  lay  reader  will  find  the  nam- 
tive  and  deaoriptiona  of  fasoinatinK  interest,  i 
ranltitnde  of  aomintble  illuatrations  add  to  ib 
value  of  this  important  and  antboritatiTe  work.' 

Modem  Shipbuilding 
Terms 

Dafinecl  aail  Ulastratoil 

By  F.   FORREST  PEASE 

lHUuHrationM.  ti.00  nrl. 
Thia  is  almost  an  encydopndia  of  the  ■hipbofti' 
ing  industry.  All  words  and  phrases  now  used  ii 
connection  with  shipbuilding  are  thoronghly  it- 
fined.  The  72  illustrations  show  the  toola,  nuuiiaa 
and  installations  which  are  used.  A  aeries  of  spcra. 
photographs  show  the  pragressiTe  steps  in  the  tm- 
stmction  of  ships.  Subjects  such  aa  Electric  WddiR 
are  treated  especially  in  the  appendix.  Enn 
worker  needs  this  book. 

The  Business  of 
The  Household    I 

By  C.  W.  TABER  I 

niutlrated.  tiM  urt.  I 

Honaehtdd    finance    and    management    haaU 

with  expert  skill  baaed  upon  actual  expeiieBoe,  id 

solving  the  problem  of  making  ends   meet  wfcit 

getting  right  results. 

Home  and 
Conmiunity  Hygiene 

By  JEAN   BROADHURST 

its  iltiulratimu.   (3.00  M«<. 
A  text-book  of  personal  and  public  health,  frasj 
tbe  standpoint  of  the  home-maker,  the  indiriA 
and  the  good  citizen.    A  text  for  school  or  hm* 
great  valne. 

AT  ALL  BOOKSTOtteS 

J.  B.  LIPPINCOTT  C 

PUBUSHERS     ...     PHILADELPtal 


Education  Association,  organized  in  191 
deal  point  by  point  with  questions  tl 
Church  must  face  to-day.  The  heart  of  d 
problem  is  that  the  Church  does  not  <a 
tinctly  recognize  its  special  task,  its  aaiqi 
function — to  stimulate  and  develop  the  |H 
pie  as  religious  beings.  The  present  t{ 
of  specialization  demMids  that  the  Chiut 
shall  discover  its  specialty  and  stick  to  I 
meeting  a  want  elsewhere  unmet.  On  ■■ 
must  iM  its  activities  in  other  fields  i-"i 
verge. 

WAR  BOOKS 
General  Focb  :  An  Appreciation.  By  V>]l 

Robert  M.  Johnston,  U.  S.  N.  A.    Hoa^i 

Mifflin  Company,  Boston.    SI. 
Silent   Watchers   (The).    By    Bennet  iW 

stone.   E.  P.  Dutton&Co.,Newyork.   -i. 

All  naval  men  and  most  landsmen  < 

find  this  book  of  absorbing  interest.   lui 

in  graphic  and  convincing  fashion  Uh>  << 


Digitized  by 


o 


1918 


THE   OUTLOOK 


193 


TfryttB  Boots  (Ctmtimietn 
of  the  Briti^  navy's  deeds  daring  the  pres- 
ent war,  alhl  should  make  Americans  as 
well  as  En^shmen  proud  of  the  achieve- 
ments of  the  British  armed  fleets. 

CtentlemeM    at    Arms.     By    "Centurion,"    a 
CaptiUD  in  the  Brituh  Army  who  has  Sjerred 
in  Fiaaee.    Donbledsy,  Page  &  Co.,  Oftnlro 
City.   $1.40. 
Odyaaey  of  a  Torpedoed  Transport  (The). 
By  Y.   Tikiulated  by  Gmce  FJlow  Norton. 
Elooghton  Mifflin  Company,  Boston.   Si  .25. 
Baspatln  a^d   the  Russian  Revolatlon. 
By  Princflu  Catherine  KadziwiU  (Connt  Panl 
Vaasili).   lUostrated.    The  John    Lone  Com- 
pnny,  Ne»  York.    «3. 
Submarine  In  War  and  Peace  (The).   Its 
Developments  and  its  Poasibilities.   By  Simon 
Lake,  M.I.N.A.   lUnstrated.   TheJ.B.  Lip- 
pinoott  Company,  Philadelphia.  S3. 
The  author  is  himself  an  inventor  and 
builder   of   submarine   boats,  and   he  has 
made  a  book  that  covers  his  subject  com- 
prehensively and  well.  He  looks  to  the  fur- 
ther improvement  of  the  submarine  to  the 
point  wnen  its  perfection  will  make  offen- 
sive warfare   at  sea  impracticable.    Illus- 
trating   this   prospective    evolution    by   a 
reference  to  the  past,  he  says,  "  Fai-rag^t 
in  1864  said :  '  E^mn   the   torpedoes  ;  go 
aiuftd,   full   speed !'   An   admiral  in  1917 
daums  the  torpedoes  and  orders  full  speed 
ahead,  but  not  toward  those  points  guarded 
by  submarine  torpedo  boats. ' 
Ten  Months  in  a  Oerman  Raider.  A  Pris- 
oner of  War  Aboaid  the   Wolf.  By  Captain 
John    Stanley    Cameron.     Ulnatmted.    The 
Geortre  H.  Ekmn Company,  New  York.  Sl.^.'i. 

%Var  And  the  Bagdad  Ballwajr  (The).  By 

Morris  Jaatrov,  Jr.,  Ph.D.,  LL.D.  lUostra- 
tiona.  The  J.  B.  lippinoott  Company,  Phila- 
delphia.  S1.M. 

USCKIXANKOUS 
Rural   liite.    By  Charles  Josiah  Galpin.    Illas- 
timted.    The  Century  Company,    New   York. 

Style   Book   of  the   Detroit  News  (The). 

Blited  by  A.  L.  Weeks.  The  Evening  News 

Association,  Detroit. 

This  is  not  a  mere  typographical  manual, 

|>at  is  a  compact  treatise  on   the    art  of 

writing.    Any  one  who  wishes  to  acquire  a 

lucid,  clear-rnt  style  will  find  in  it  golden 

words  of  wisdom.    It  also  discusses  with 

general  helpfulness  many  matters  of  purely 

technical  interest  to  newspaper  workers. 


THE  RED 
TRIANGLE 


WHICH  is  meaning  so  much  to 
"our  boys"  here  and  "over 
there"  has  been  serving  men  and  boys 
(or  fifty  years.  An  essential  feature 
of  its  work  is  the  promotion  of  books 
of  inspiration  and  instruction  pre- 
pared hy  trained  men.  A  typical 
illustration  is 

MORALSandMORALE 

By  LUTHER  HALSEY  GULICK.  M.  D. 

Shortly  before  his  recent  sudden  death.  Dr.  Gutick 
returned  from  abroad.  This  book,  which  describes 
his  experiences  with  the  American  Ezpeditioosry 
Faroes  in  Frsnce,  desls  especislly  with  the  relatioa 
of  nacalitjr  to  fiihdni  eScieocy.    (tl.W}. 

Many  other  books — timely,  helpful — 
are  published  by  the  publication  de- 
partment of  the  Y  M  C  A, 


ASSOCIATION  PRESS 

347  Madiwm  Ave.,  N.  Y. 


WWfcA  for  mnnuuf^tmtnmt  af 


SanJ  /or  emtrnhg 


How  to  Be  Well  365  Days  a  Year 

By  R.  L.  ALSAICER,  M.D. 

OF  COURSE  you  would  like  to  live  in  good  health  always,  free  from  disease  and 
pain,  in  full  possession  and  enjoyment  of  your  mental  faculties  and  your  physical  powers. 

Here  are  some  eheering  truths. 

Acute  disease  is  unnecessary. 

Chronic  disease  can  always  be  prevented. 

Nearly  all  chronic  diseases  are  curable. 

Disease  is  an  abnormal  condition ;  healtli  is  the  natural  state. 

Germs  cannot  harm  us  if  we  live  as  we  should. 

As  health  is  the  natural  state,  a  little  thought  will  show  tliat,  barring  accidents,  we 
can  always  have  health.    It  depends  on  ourselves. 

The  cause  of  disease  is  repeated  breaking  of  nature's  laws,  that  is,  mistakes  made  in 
the  manner  of  living.  Tlien  the  remedy  for  all  ills  is  correct  living.  It  not  only  cures 
disease,  but  it  prevents  a  recurrence. 

Those  of  us  who  live  according  to  the  laws  of  nature  are  not  sick — never !  Yet  we 
breathe  germs,  and  drink  germs,  and  eat  germs  every  day.  This  is  proof  in  itself  that 
germs  are  not  tl'e  real  cause  of  disease.  Learn  how  to  live  accordmg  to  the  laws  of 
nature,  and  you  will  have  absolutely  nothing  to  fear  from  germs. 

We  are  now  learning  that  the  law  of  health  and  disease  is  this : 

Those  who  deserve  health  are  healthy,  and  those  who  deserve  disease  are  ill. 

Yes,  we  have  to  earn  health  or  disease.  If  we  want  to  live  to  a  ripe  old  age,  it  ia  within 
our  power  to  do  so,  unless  we  meet  with  bodily  injury  throng  accident. 

Permanant,  dependable  health  is  the  result  of  correct  knowlei^  of  Irving  put  into 
practice. 

Those  who  allow  disease  to  fasten  itself  upon  them  will  in  time  arrive  at  the  incurable 
stage,  but  let  the  truth  be  known  that  if  tiken  in  reasonable  time  nearly  all  caees  of 
cataiTh,  hay  fever,  asthma,  chronic  bronchitis,  heart  disease,  chronic  Bnght's  disease, 
chronic  diabetes,  rheumatism,  tuberculosis  in  the  early  stipes,  constipation,  nervous 
prostration  and  the  so-called  stomach  troubles  are  curable.  Most  of  the  patients  Buffer- 
mg  from  these  diseases  recover  when  they  get  the  correct  knowledge  and  use  it. 

Realizing  the  universal  need  for  cleai'ly  defined  instructions  on  the  cause  and  cure  of  tlie 
various  ailments  of  the  human  body,  I  have  outlined  in  a  series  of  books  a  pleasant  plan 
of  living  tliat  has  proved  successful  in  my  personal  practice.  These  books  (see  titles  below) 
are  written  in  plain,  understandable  and  non-tecnnical  language.  Following  is  a  short 
description  of  each  book,  with  a  note  by  my  publisher  telling  how  they  can  be  obtained. 


"Getting  Rid  of  Rheumatism" 

{S2,  pottpaid) 
Rhemnatiam  is  not'  only  coimble,  but  the  Indlvidoal  cao 
Icaru  how  to  get  well  sua  stay  well.  This  hook  gtres  you 
the  cause  and  core — a  cure  at  home.  The  subjects  olscuaMd 
are  Chronic  Rheumstiam—Oout— Lumbago— Bdstios,  etc. 
Treatment  of  chronic  rheumatism — Aflute  nieumatlsm  oauss- 
tiou — SymptoniB — Treatment — Dietittf,  etc.  The  daMiflca- 
tlou  of  food  sod  Borne  important  diet  hints  are  included. 

"Ctiring  Catarrh,  Coughs  and  Colds  " 

(52.  poitpald) 
Oet  the  blood  and  digestive  tract  bito  good  coodltkm  and 
these  ills  will  bother  you  no  more.  Some  of  the  topics  die* 
cussed  are  —  Cause  of  catarrh  —  Acute  catarrh  —  Chronic 
caterrh— Catarrh  curable — Permaneut  cure  of  catsrrii — 
Feeding  In  catarrh — Cause  of  colds — How  to  prerent  them— 
Quick  cold  cures — Slower  cold  cores — Feeding  in  snd  aftsr 
colds — Colds  due  to  poor  blood — Oerms  and  colds — Hssning 
of  coughs— Prerention  snd  cure — Clssalflcation  of  food. 

"Dieting  DUbetcs  and  Bright's  Disease" 

(S3,  postpaid) 
Tou  can  eat  your  way  out  of  diabetai  or  Bright 's  disease  into 
health.  Tills  book  sliows  you  how.  MotesoDieottliesubiBcU 
disoosaed— The  Iddueys— Diabetai — Cause,  symptoms,  diag- 
ncsls,  prognosis — Correct  treatment — Menus— Treatment  of 
dial)et£o  coma.  Briglit's  disease — Csuse,  symptoms — Diagno. 
sis,  prognosis— Correct  trestmeut  of  acute  or  chronic  Brimt^s 
dismae— Menus — Summary — Food  ciassUoatiou— Diet  lunta. 


"Conquering  Consumptitm " 

(»2,  poapaid) 
"  Conquering  Consumption  "  gives  the  cause  of  tulwrctt- 
losls  and  tdts  how  to  prevent  it ;  how  to  cure  the  trouble  in 
its  early  stages ;  and  how  to  lire  so  ss  to  have  a  good  chance 
to  recover  even  later  on.  Note  the  topics  discussed — Coo. 
■umptloo — Most  fatal  of  all  ^|imi«b — CuiaUe  in  eariy  stages 
— CtuBS  of  consumption — QaUopfalg  consumption — Chronic 
consumptioo  of  the  lungs — Consumption  of  the  gisads  or 
"  surofttla  " — Treatment  of  tubercular  glands — How  to  pre- 
vent consumptioo — How  to  cure  early  stsges  of  consump- 
tion— Treatment  of  chronic  consumptioo — Meals  and  menus 
for  consumptives — Qenera]  oare  of  oonaomptlvas — Food 
olassiflcation. 


"Curing  Constipation  and 
Appradidtis  " 

(32,  potlpaUCi 
Thb  couditkn  afRicta  the  msjaritT.  It  causes  de| 
tioo  and  disease.  In  this  tmok  the  simpie  causesand  ouia- 
tive  means  sre  presented  to  you.  A  natural  Imifelses  treat- 
ment of  appendicitis  Is  given.  Danger  of  constipation — 
Cause  of  oenstlpatloii — Cathartics — Enemas — Constipation 
curable — Feeding  in  constipation — Regular  habits — Kormsl 
bowels  su  aid  to  liealth.  Canseaof  appendicitis— Preventing 
appendicitis — Natural  cure  of  appendicitis— Operattoo  hardly 
ever  necessary — Feeding  in  sad  after  sppendicitis — Food 
clasiiflcstioo. 


NOTB  BY  DR.  ALSAKER'S  PUBLISHER ;  B.  L.  Ataaker,  M.D.,  is  a  new  typo  of  physician.  Althoiwh  a  regnhir  medic^ 
Eiaduate  ha  specialises  in  bsalth,  not  In  disease.  This  is  a  new  sod  broad  Idea— to  teach  the  sick  how  to  return  to  health  snd 
now  to  reimin  healthy. 

In  his  nraotice  he  makes  a  wide  departure  from  the  ordinary.  Most  phyiiclanB  prescribe  medicbiiw  aud  give  treatment ; 
the  patient  is  no  wiser  than  before.  Dr.  AlMker  supplies  the  correct  knowledge,  leads  his  patieoU  back  to  health,  and  (Ives 
them  a  health  education  at  the  same  time. 

He  says :  "l^ere  is  nothing  mysterious  about  lisalth  and  disesse.  Pliyaidans  sliould  not  pteteod  that  they  have  secret 
knowleoge  that  the  public  cannot  understand."    .  .       .  „  ,         .  .     ,      ,      ^.^  j.      . 

The  New  York  Tnbunr  asys  of  Dr.  Alsaker  and  his  works :  "  Written  by  a  competent  prof easiooal.  authority,  they  ate 
fltted  for  the  instruction  and  profit  of  the  laity ;  being  simple,  direct  and  nou-tacliniral.  Tliry  contain  no  arieutlfle  disuiilsl- 
tions;  they  exptoit  no  tads;  UM*y  recommend  no  impasslbllitlss.  If  the  public  would  read  tlieinand  bttculded  by 
them,  there  would  be  loss  illness  and  the  *  hlajj  cost  of  UvluK '  would  come  down  wltli  a  run." 

Mr.  O.  O.  Porter,  a  prominent  business  man  of  Syracuse,  N.  Y.,  vrrites  regardinc  Dr.  Alaaker  and  his  teachhjn:  I  coik 
aider  his  works  the  most  faistructive  of  the  many  books  on  hsalth  and  dietetics  tJistl  have  read  and  studied— sndl  ha™  read 
about  everythbig  on  Uie  subject  worth  readbig.  As  you  know.  I  have  booKht  sad  distributed  iisarly  »0  copkn  of  his  books. 
This  sction  on  my  part  hidioates  srhat  I  think  of  bis  writings.  If  the  publlo  could  only  be  aroqsmi  from  their 
Indlfferenoe  to  DersonsI  health  matters,  and  be  tanaht  to  look  Into  these  thinss  for  them. 

I  ^  J- J *  -^  ' _^.     ^-^—.^     ^     a*....^laa»i^^     a^^  »*»«l^aa    ^wa^      ~^- ^Ml«sl^wa#     va^r  ■«%*!         ar  tf«aa     — ^^alam  mr    sa 

areat » 

On  receipt  c 
aatisfledwftb  the  taistractions  given  for  the  haprovement  of  your  health  you  may  rmurn  lue  oooa  any  ume  witbm  s  days  and 
your  money  wiU  be  refunded  immediatelr  andwithout  question.  As  to  my  rssponsibiUty.  I  refer  to  sny  CommrrHsl  Agvnm-y 
wl  to  the  publisher  of  The  Ootkwk.  My  bankers  are  the  Oarfield  National  Bank,  the  Com  Eichsnge  Bank  snd  The 

ml^NK^IiioRiUSOiraEStibllshed  Utl),  Publisher  of  Edooatiooal  Health  Books,  Dept.  IM.  UM  Brosdwsy,  New  York. 


Digitized  by  VJ^^^^V  IV^ 


194 


Salt 
Mackerel 


From  the  Fishing  Boats  to  You 

Direct 


A 

Family 

Package  of 

10  Fat  Meaty  Fish 

Right  out  of  the  Water 

Sent  to  You  on  Free  Trial 

Oar  Own  Home'  Kind 

People  here  in  Gloucester, 
the  leading  fish  port  oi 
America,  laughed  at  me 
years  ago  when  I  began 
to  sell  mackerel  by  mail. 
Tbev  didn't  realize  how 
hard  it  is  for  other  people 
to  get  good  fish.  But  I  did.  So  I  de- 
cid«l  to  malce  it  easy  for  everyone, 
everywhere,  to  have  full-flavored, 
wholesome  fish,  the  kind  we  pick  for 
our  own  eating  here  at  Gloucester. 
85,000  families  are  buying  from  us 
tonday. 

DkTis'  Fall  Mackerd 
Fat  and  Tandar 

What  I've  selected  for  you  are  Fall 
fish,  juicy  and  fat  with  the  true  salty- 
sea  maclcerel  flavor.  We  clean  atia 
wash  them  before  weighing.  You  pay 
only  for  net  weight  No  heads  and 
no  tails.  Just  the  white,  thick,  meaty 
portions — the  part^  that  make  tne  most 
delicious  meal  imaginable.  You  prob- 
ably have  never  tasted  salt  mackerel 
as  good  as  mine. 

Send  No  Caih 
Tiy  the  Mackerel  First 

I  want  you  to  know  before  you  pay 
that  my  fish  will  please  Tfou.  If  there 
is  any  possibility  of  a  risk,  I  want  it 
to  be  at  my  expense.  Just  mail  the 
coupon  to-dav.  Ill  ship  at  once  a  pail 
of  my  maclcerel  containing  10  fat 
juicy  mackerel,  each  fish  sufficient  for 
3  or  4  people,  all  charges  prepaid,  so 
that  your  family  can  have  a  real  Glou- 
cester treat  Sunday  morning.  Then — 
if  my  mackerel  are  not  better  than  any 
you  have  ever  tasted,  send  back  the 
rest  at  my  expense.  I  f  you  are  pleased 
with  them^and  I'm  sure  you  will  be, 
send  me  $4.90  and  at  the  same  time  ask 
for  "  Descriptive  List  of  Davis'  Fish," 
sold  only  direct — never  to  dealers. 
The  "  Seafood  Cook  Book  "  that  goes 
with  the  fish  will  tell  you  just  how  to 
prepare  them.  Mail  the  coupon  now 
with  your  business  card,  letterhead  or 
reference.  .^w«f  <f  .iu^ 


FRANK  E. 
DAVIS  CO. 
•TCatnlWkuf 

Glooccster*        ^'       Davli  mackerel  to  contalaio fish,  etch 

Mmw.  ^^       fish  sufficient  for  3  or  4  people.    I  igrte 

^  ^        to  remit  $4.90  In  ten  days  or  return  tbe  fish. 


FRANK  E. 
DAVIS  CO.. 
97  Ceotnl  HluK, 
Gloucester,  Mass. 


f       WMmut  obligation  pleaie  send 
me,  all  charges  prepaid,  a  pall  of 


Name. 


5' 


city. 


THE   OUTLOOK 

BY  THE  WAY 

Some  people  want  to  win  the  war  but 
hate  to  spena  the  money  necessary  to  that 
end.  A  Florida  subscrioer  writes  of  one  of 
these :  "  An  old  lady  from  up  Bear  Creek — 
a  typical  Ilorida  cracker,  sunbonnet  and 
all — wandered  into  mv  office  to-day  and 
daring  an  animated  ducussion  about  the 
war  said :  '  This  country  was  all  right 
when  Uncle  Sam  was  running  it,  but  now 
Woodrow  Wilson  has  been  elected  and  he 
has  run  the  country  in  debt  two  thousand 
dollars  P" 

Where  do  the  aviators  ^et  their  words  ? 
Some  of  them  are  certamly  queer.  The 
glossary  of  a  book  called  "  Practical  Fly- 
mg  "  includes  these  expressions  :  **  Hoik — 
to  make  the  machine  climb  steeply  and 
suddenly.  Blip — ^to  switch  the  engme  on 
and  off  rapidly.-  Blimp — slang  term  refer- 
ring to  small  airships.  Conk — the  engine  is 
said  to  '  conk  '  when  it  fails.  Quirk — slang 
term  for  pupiL  Zoom — to  ascend  very 
steeply."  More  understandable  are  "  Hun 
— slang  name  for  a  person  learning  to  flv— 
and  ''taxying,"'the  uncertain  progress  of  an 
airplane  on  uie  grround  with  engine  numing. 

The  official  re8idence4>f  the  First  Lord 
of  the  Treasury  in  London,  so  a  corre- 
spondent of  **  American  Art  News  "  writes, 
is  to  be  grraced  with  a  portrait  of  Greorg^ 
Washington,  which  will  probably  be  hong 
in  the  Htt  dining-room.  The  portrait  is  by 
Charles'  Wilson  Peale,  and  is  the  g^  of 
Lord  and  Lady  Albemarle. 

Another  London  art  note,  which  has  also 
political  and  social  implications,  is  to  the 
effect  that  the  woman  auctioneer  has  ar- 
nved.  She  made  her  ddbvt  at  a  well-known 
London  auction  house,  Sotheby's.  Miss 
Evelyn  Barlow,  a  member  of  the  firm,  was 
the  heroine  of  this  epoch-making  occasion. 

Pier  86,  North  River,  New  York  City, 
which  was  constructed  by  the  city  at  a  cost 
of  more  than  $4,000,000  and  is  replete 
with  all  modem  appliances  for  the  use  of 
steamships,  has  been  taken  over  by  the 
United  States  Government.  The  upper 
deck  of  the  pier  will  be  used  as  a  sub-post 
office,  principally  to  handle  soldiers'  maiL 

Macaulav's  vein  of  humor  is  shown  in  an 
aut<^raph  letter  recently  offered  for  sal''. 
He  had  received  a  present  of  some  fiiie 
grapes,  and  writes  to  the  giver :  "  I  am 
afraid  of  overeating  myself.  .  .  .  You  will 
be  sorry  to  see  in  tiie  '  Times  '  that  J  have 
been  taken  off  by  cholera,  and  that  my  sad 
end  is  to  be  ascribed  to  the  rash  manner  in 
which  I  indulged  in  some  delicious  g^pes, 
a  present  from  injudicious  friends." 

Another  letter  in  the  same  collection  is 
from  Samuel  Bogers,  the  poet.  His  house 
had  been  robbed,  and  a  lurid  account  of  the 
robbery  had  mentioned  some  of  his  silver  as 
having  been  presented  to  him  by  the  King. 
He  says  :  "  The  vases  presented  to  me  by 
royalty  were  also  the  creatures  of  the 
imagination,  for  I  must  entirely  acquit  the 
royu  family  of  having  ever  griven  me,  or,  I 
believe,  anybody  else,  anything." 

When  were  the  letters  "  U.  S."  first  used 
as  standing  for  "  Uncle  Sam  "  as  well  as 
for  the  United  States  ?  An  article  in  "  St. 
Nicholas "  says  that  they  were  so  used 
during  the  .Revolutionary  War.  The  Troy 
(New  York)  «  Record,"  jealous  of  Trojr's 
fame,  says  that  their  use  originated  in 
that  city  during  the  War  of  1812,  when 
Samuel  Wilson  was  an  inspector  of  Grov- 
emment  supplies  in  Troy.  He  was  known 
as  "  Uncle  bam,"  and  lus  workmen  iocu- 
lariy  attributed  the  letters  "U.   S.''  on 


2  October 


by  Heating   Direct 
Instead  of  by  Proxy 


'?H^?!?!^JP^^^ffl| 


wm 


THE  very  minute  yon  8tnrt  the  Kel- 
sey    Warm   Air  Genemtor  down- 
■tun,    that   very   minute   beat  starts 
heating  upstnirH. 

No  water  to  first  heat.  No  steam  to 
firat  generate.  No  nuliators  to  finally 
abaorb  heat  before  they  start  heating. 

Not  only  does  the  Kelsey  save  ail 
that  lost  heat  necessary  to  first  heat 
MTeral  other  things,  so  your  rooms  can 
finally  be  heated,  but  it  heats  with 
frak  air,  automatically  mixed  with 
just  the  right  healthful  amotmt  of 
siOMtKne. 

Sand  for  Saving  Sense  booklet. 

Make  ns  prove  how  much  coal  tbe 
Eelaey  Health  Heat  saves. 

THE  f^ELStV 
WARM   AIR    CEntRATORJ 
230  James  Street,  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 


HEWTORK 
103-T  Fnk  Atoiim 

MBTON 
40S-T  r.  0.  So.  Bld(. 


doaco 

217-V  W.  Lab  Sl 
DETROIT 
Sficx  95-V  Bukkra'  Euk. 


IMPORTANT   TO 
SUBSCRIBERS 

When  yoM  notify  The  Outlook 
of  achange  in  your  address,  both 
the  old  and  the  new  address 
should  be  given.  Kindly  write, 
if  possible^  two  weeks  before 
the  change  is  to  take  effect. 

Have  the 

iMi  Vitality,  Good  Figure  "i 

5  d(  a  Soldier  ^ 

I  NothM  our  soldiers  I  Ho«r  alert  and  Mthn,  eyas  M 

S  Hi«iMe,caieelBgluiii    slilMogBnnirlfotwfat  yoo  S 

S  and  other  women  can  be.   I  have  been  l^iiMh^g  op  S 

—  1  aa  the  war  la  biiikHng  -| 


our  aoidieia.  f or  aUteri 
Have  helped  W,Oiip  wuiueii 


Do  you  want  to  imiirovo 
.  Dor  Igure  ?  Do  y<^ 
and  breathe  oorreot}; 


=    your 


3  you  tUn  and  frail? 

=  are     you     over- 

S  weight?    If  handl. 

=  capped  by   any   ol 

g  ttaoae  difflcultiea  or 

=  any  chronic  aUmenti^.  lot 

=  ma  help  you.  Myr^n-i!^ 

=  uae  no  oniKB;  each  pupil 

=  reoelvea  individual  aiuti- 

S  tioa. 

=        Ijeading  phyalclaa^  .<(>- 

=  prove  my  mecboda.    riin 

i^  moot  crnica]  D]af{a:'iiH'.H 

=  endorse  me.  I  treat  eai-b 

=  pupil  in  her  home.  Slmll  1 

g  iellyouallaboutmyuork'.' 

=  YOU  can  have  this  ml  oruia- 

=i  tion  without  charge.  If  liit^-r 

^  you  want  my  aervfeo*  vi'it  will  Y 

jg  find  tbe  coat  moat  rBii.~:>iiiil>k'. 

S      SUSANNA  COCROFT 

I  DqL<,624S.llicMinAn..aicati 


UUULllL 


? 


1918 

Bp  tie  irajf  (Continued) 
barrels  of  pork  as  meaning  "  Uncle  Sam," 
aa  stated  in  The  Outlook  of  July  31. 
The  joke  caught,  and  soon  "  Uncle  Sam  " 
was  a  synonym  for  "  United  States." 
As  a  contribution  to  the  controversy,  it 
may  be  remarked  that  the  Continental 
ConCTess  altered  the  words  "  United  Colo- 
nies to  "  United  States  "  on  September  9, 
1776,  and  so  for  more  than  a  third  of  a 
centurv  before  the  War  of  1812  the  ingen- 
ious Yankee  intellect  bad  an  opportunity 
for  practicing  its  wit  on  jokes  about  the 
initials  "  U.  S."  Some  patient  delver  in 
Americana  ought  to  be  able  to  settle  the 
question  by  ascertaining  what  is  actually 
we  earliest  use  of  U.  S.  for  Uncle  Sam  in 
some  old-time  newspaper  or  pamphlet. 

A  volume  which  vrill  have  a  melancholy 
interest  for  Tolstoy  admirers  will  be  Ayl- 
mer  Maude's  new  life  of  Tolstoy,  to  De 
published  this  fall.  It  will  contain,  it  is 
announced,  much  new  information,  based 
on  material  contributed  by  Countess  Tol- 
stoy, about  the  forsaking  of  his  wife  and 
home  by  the  great  Russian  writer  and  the 
final  journey  which  le<l  to  his  death. 

Madison  Square  Garden,  in  New  York 
City,  which  has  not  been  so  prosperous  as 
in  former  years  and  which  ittias  been  pro- 
posed to  replace  witli  a  business  block,  is 
coming  into  its  own  again  as  a  result  of  the 
war.  Its  chief  competitor  as  a  place  for  big 
expositions,  the  Grand  Central  Palace,  is 
to  be  taken  over  by  the  Government  for 
use  as  a  hospital  on  October  1.  The  first 
exhibition  to  oe  transferred  to  the  Garden 
as  a  result  will  be  the  National  Motion 
Picture  Exposition,  which  will  be  held  from 
October  5  to  13.  The  motion  picture  ex- 
hibits will  deal  largely  with  the  work  of  the 
movies  in  the  war. 

The  large  pages  and  small  type  of  a 
popular  household  magazine  make  the  read- 
ing of  it  somewhat  difficult,  apparently; 
for  in  a  serial  running  in  its  p^es  appears 
tliis  inset  in  large  type  :  "  You  will  know 
very  soon  why  Maida  dislikes  tlie  Smith 
family ;  wliy  she  loathes  Monsieur  Peles- 
sier ;  why  ner  locket  was  tampered  with ; 
the  answer  to  the  dull  8trangle<l  groan  she 
beard  on  the  night  of  her  arrival,"  etc. 
This  certainly  is  effective  bait  to  rouse  tlie 
flagging  interest  of  a  reader,  but  has  his 
hope  for  an  exciting  denouement  been  too 
long  lief  erred  ? 

An  almost  deserted  thoroughfare  in  New 
York  City  is  the  80-calle<l  Speedway,  which 
cost  $6,(]W,000  to  build  in  the  days  when 
trotting  horses  were  as  popular  as  automo- 
biles are  now.  Being  restricted  to  the  use 
of  horse-drawn  pleasure  vehicles,  it  lias 
gradually  fallen  into  disuse.  "  There  is  one 
udy  who  takes  a  ride  on  it  every  pleasant 
morning,"  said  a  lawyer  recently  in  an 
action  to  open  the  Speedway  to  motor  cars, 
"  and  the  other  user  is  a  transient  who  just 
brings  up  tlie  average  to  two  a  day."  A  city 
magistrate  has  ruled  that  this  boulevard 
shiul  no  longer  be  closed  to  automobiles. 

The  many  columns  of  Help  Wanted 
advertisements  in  the  papera  indicate  the 
demand  for  labor.  Some  advertisers,  who 
formerly  took  their  choice  from  a  long  line 
of  applicants,  now  apparently  get  few 
answers  ;  and  one  man  seems  to  i-egret  tliat 
he  did  not  close  at  once  with  an  ott'er,  for 
be  makes  this  appeal  in  a  daily  paper 
ander  the  head  of  "  Public  Notices  :" 

Bill  Clerk  and  Typist. — Sit"({Bl,  yining  man  that 
called  Id  reference  to  a  typUt  pooiliuii,  pleaoe  call 
■gain. ,  VVfHt St. 

Anotlier    advertisement    reads:    "Porter 
wanted — man  or  woman." 


THE   OUTLOOK 


195 


/ 


IXsyour  f<ice, 
Mr.  Shavef'^ 

■  But  maybe  you  don't  realize  what  makes 
youf  razor  "pull."  It'sRUST!  Thenaked 
eye  can't  see  the  rust,  but  it's  there  just 
the  same. 

Any  razor  blade,  magnified  1,000  times, 
looks  like  a  CK)ss-cut  saw — with  ragged, 
jagged  teeth.  Between  these  infinitesimal 
leelh  moisture  collects  and  rust  fornis.  Even 
the  moisture  from  the  lathercauses  rust  You 
can't  stop  it  by  trying  to  wipe  or  strop  your 
razor  dry.  But  you  can  stop  it  with  a  little 

3 -in-One 

Here's  what  thousands  upon  thousands  of 
.•ielf-shavers  do:  Moisten  thumb  and  forefinger 
with  a  drop  of  3-in-One  Oil,  then  draw  the 
blade  gently  between  them.  Do  this  simple 
thing  before  and  after  shaving. 

3-in-One  prevents  rust  formmg.  It  gives  you 
a  rustless  razor,  the  only  kind  that  doesn't 
"pull  "  and  hurt. 

Rub  a  few  drops  of  3-in-One  into  your 
strop,  too,  now  and  then.  Keeps  it  soft  and 
pliable. 

3-in-One  is  sold  at  all  stores,  in  25c  Handy 
Oil  Cans  and  in  ISc,  25c  and  50c  bottles. 

P'DE'P*  A  liberal  sample  of  3-in-One 
^  iVtiEj  Oil  and  our  Special  Razor 
Saver  Circular  —  both  sent  free  for  the 
asking. 

THREE-IN-ONE  OIL  CO. 

165  AER.  Broadway  New  Yol-k 


FIRST 

FARM 

MOKKAffiJ 


Back  Up  America  ■  Fannt 

'  Crop  producnoQ  <teraan<U  on  the  farmer  I 
I  have  Houbled.  M<>re  land  unrler  culdva-  | 
tlod  Dcrds  new  cAxh  behind  It.  Our  Farm  J 
MorttTKifes  and  Keal  Estate  B'  ndt  olTer  I 
ft  rfal  opportuiiiiy  to  serve  your  country  i 
to-(l»y.  Send  for  Pamphlet  "b"  and  1 
current  oflerinirs.  Amounts  tosuit.  I 

fi.  i.  Ludnr  A  Co..  GnW  Porfct.  H.  D. 

CaptteU  and  Strums  fSCOfiOO 


^ute'Map 

'Automobila 
Painter* 

Take  the 

Bru5h  Road 

5trai$lit  up 


-':;.  sucass;- 


the  hill  to     ^ 
cess  ^ 


SucccjJ. 


leTHghSiftn  of  Business 
is  to  Use 
WHITIMG-ADAMS  BRUSHES 

FOR  AUTOMOBILES 

Er«y  AntamebOa  Gan«a  ibmU  han  aa 
OotStafCnulMa 

Bnrrnnnnnllhn*  as  ontSloftnriMtoina,  •»<•«& 
M  wU  ue««oriM  ihoiild  \.^i%  an  annrtinmt  of  teaahM 
«0  •oppir  draaadi.  Thrra  b  a  waiilNO-liUIU  bimh 
mad*  forarvrr  wutomol.ila  porixne.  Claaalag.  icnitMDff, 
polMhInt.  4iutln|,  painttag,  lUlnlnf,  Tmilililnl.  >ii4 
aUuiM  torwhlrhbroilmaranniilr.^  Owr  10,000 Malta 
andHnOnada.  S«ailtorIlliutraUdUteT«lan.  Dvt.  A- 

JOHN  L  WmnNG-J.  J.  ADUIS  CO. 

Bestoa,U.S.A. 

Brink  Maanfactiiran  for  Orar  100  Yaan 

Whltlng-AdaaM  Bn»hM  Awacdad  Hold  Madal  aa<  OfflHal 
BlaaUltea.  HtltitAwacd  airaaama-PaallaBiv'B.  IIU 


rOMEN''«ISi'" 

r«  •mplorlnf  hmdrada  ol  «oib«i  In  •rarv  d»- 

t  of  bank  work,  even  qp  to  csahivr.    Cwan, 

plaawnt  worfc.  wftfainm*aptty.  Tov  ean  learn br  m^ 
Rmtd  for  frM  book.  ''How  to  BMotn*  a  Bankor*"  Vf 
Edsmr  O.  Aieorri.  FVm.  AflMrtCM  •cllOl.W^atillllg 


Let  Us  Be  Your 
Reference  Department 

Business  houses  and  banks 
whose  statistical  men  and 
similar  employees  are  join- 
ing the  colors  find  Babson's 
Reports  the  solution  of  the 
replacement  problem. 

Babson'a  Reports  aupply  reliable,  parti, 
nent  Infomutioa  of  practically  every  line 
of  buaineaa  at  a  minimnin  of  coat.  We 
canaecnre  the  same  results  forotber  lines. 
Write  us  about  your  business  and  let  us 
tcU  you  what  we  hsTe  for  yonr  line. 


Avoid  worry.  Cease  dependloE  on  tuck, 
lecocnlze  tbat  all  action  is  followed  by 
equal  reaction.  Work  with  a  dcf  tolle  pol- 


icy based  on  fundamental  a  latistics. 
Particular  J  sent  free. 
Writu  Dept.  O-tO  of 

Babson's  Statistical  Organization 

AdvitoTT  BuihUac  WdltdsT  Bills,  Msh. 

LaipH  OrgaaliaMaa  of  It!  OkalMtar  U  tka  WaiU 


196 


THE   OUTLOOK 


THE  OUTLOOK  CLASSIHED  ADVERTISING  SEOION 

AdvertUInc  Rates:  Hoteli  and  RmotU.  AputmanU,  Toon  and  TmTd, 
Rod  KitMe,  Ure  Stock  and  Fooltiy,  flity  ««nu  per  agate  line,  four  oohimo*  to 
the  Iiage.  Not  leas  than  lour  Unaa  aooepted.  In  calculaniig  naca  raquirad  for  an 
advertuement,  oonnt  an  aToiage  at  alx  winda  to  the  line  onleaa  dbplay  ^^  la  deaired. 

"  Want  "  adTertliementa,  imder  the  variooa  beadinza,  "  Board  and  Roona,"  "  Help 
Wanted,"  etc.,  ten  canta  (or  eaob  word  or  initial,  Includlncthe  addrCM,  lor  eacn 
insertion.  The  lint  word  o(  each  "  Want "  adrertiaement  ia  aet  in  capital  letten 
without  additional  charge.  Other  wordi  ma;  be  aet  in  capltala,  if  deaired,  at  double 
istea.  If  anawera  are  to  be  addreaaed  ta>  care  of  The  Outlook,  twcnty-Uve  Cents  ia 
charged  for  the  box  number  named  In  the  adTertiaement.  Repliea  wfll  be  forwarded  hy 
ua  to  the  advertiaer  and  bUl  for  poatage  rendered.  Special  headinga  appropriate  to  the 
department  may  be  arranged  for  on  application. 

Ordeia  and  oopy  for  Cluaified  Advertlaementa  muat  be  received  with  remittaaoe  ten 
daya  before  the  wedneaday  on  which  it  ia  Intended  the  adrertiaement  ahall  flnt  appear. 

Addraw:  ADVERTBINQ  DEPARTMENT;  THE  OUTLOOK 
381  FOURTH  AVENUE,  NEW  YORK  CITY 


Hotels'  and  Resorts 


MASSACHUSETTS 


HOTEL  PURITAN 

CoBBranwealth  Ave.  Doaton 

THE  DISTINCnVC  BOSTON  HOUSE 

Globe  IMIcrs  cad  Uw  Puritan  ant  or 

Hm  mat\  homf  Nlu  hotels  In  Iht  world. 

.  .'   .  .'     ^Itour  Inquiries  dedly  answered 

0^<aa<!MiK    and  co?  aooMeriialled  ^-»-j 


If  Tm  Art  Tirtd  or  Not  FecUaf  Well 

joa  cannot  find  a  mora  comfortable  place  in 
New  Bnglaud  than 

THE  WELDON  HOTEL 

ORBKNFIBI.D,  MASS. 

It  aSorda  all  the  oomforta  of  home  without 

extra  vagauce. 


NEW    YORK 


(1  OtnTHWAITE  INN  and  COT- 
JT  TAOK8,  on  GBEAT  SOUTH 
BAT,  BKLLPORT,  L.  I.  Lk>yd 
Cottage  open  all  year.  Ideal  weather  on 
Longlaland  September,  October,  and  Novem- 
ber.  Oolf,  tennia,  aailing,  bathing,  motoring. 


NEW   YORK  CITY 

Hotel  Le  Marquis 

31st  Street  &  Fifth  Avenue 
New  York 
•rery  oonTenienoe  and  home 


oomfort,  and  oommenda  itaalf  to  people  of 
reOnemeut  wiahing  to  live  on  Amencao  Plan 
and  be  within  eaiy  reaoh  of  aooial  and  dra- 
matic cencen. 

Room  and  bath  |4JW  par  day  with  meala.  or 
93JM  per  day  witliout  meala. 

Ilhutratad     Booklet     gladly     lent 
OHN        


requeet. 


JOHN  P.  T0L8ON 


STOP  AT 


HOTEL  BOSSERT 

on  ariitocntlc  Brooklyn  Heights 
and  enjoy  the  «dvanta(;«a  of 

THE  MARINE  ROOF 

the  moot  famous  roof  in  America.  Dine  SCO 
feet  in  the  air,  with  a  panogmphic  view  of 
New  York  Harbor  stretching  before  you  for 
a  distance  of  10  milee.   Dancing  if  you  like. 

Write  for  booklet  B. 
Meatsgae.  HJcia.  aad  Keaiaa  Streets,  BrooUya 

HOTEL  JLDSON  ''iS.;;'!^!;!"?' 

adioiniug  Judson  Memorial  Church.  Rooms 
with  and  without  batli.  Ratee  10.60  per  day, 
taicluding  meals.  Special  tatee  for  two  weeks 
or  more.  Location  very  central.  Coovauieut 
to  all  elevated  and  street  car  Unaa. 


Health  Resorts 


Sanford    Hall,    est.   1841 

Privste  Hospital 
For  Mental  and  Nervous  Diseases 

'  Comfortable,  honwlike  sarronnd- 
ings ;  modem  methods  of  treatment ; 
competent  nnrsea.  IS  sores  of  lawn, 
ntrk,  flower  and  vegetable  gardens. 
Food  the  best.    Writtfor  boolUet. 

Sanford  Hall  nushing  New  York 


LINDENlT^v^PWoUr^sia 

Derlartawa,  Pa.  |An  fautitution  devoted  to 
tlie  penonal  study  ud  apecialised  treat- 
illd.  "  ~ 


ment  of  the  inval 
Hydrothi 


;e,  Klectricity, 


kpy.     Apply  for  circular  to 
RoBSST  urrnooTT  Waltsb.  U.D. 
(tote  of  The  Walter  SaniUriiim) 


Dr.  Reeves'  Sanitarium 

A  Private  Home  for  chronic,  nerroua,  and 
meDtal  BStiaata.  Alaoelderly  people  requiring 
care.  Harriet  S.  Reevee.  H.D..  Melrose,  Maas. 


Country  Board 


TWO  SISTERS 

tending  aged  aunt,  will  tenderly  care  for  two 
other  even  helpleea  women.  Own  home  in 
the  village,  comfortable  but  not  luzuiious; 
excellent  garden;   poultry.    Not   leas  than 

SB,   week.     See  uaHlrst.     E.  STICKNEY, 
chenevus, Otsego  Co.,  K.Y.  (D.  &  H.  Station). 


fieal  Estate 


CONNECTICUT 


For  Sale  b;  Owner— 50-ACRE  TRACT 

uurtially  bonleriuK  on  Conn.  Blior«  of  Loiik 
Isluid  oound,  4d  miles  from  New  York  City. 
Beautiful  bulldinK  sites  ;  excellent  soil ;  Rood 
tomU  ;  coDTenient  to  trains.  f^,U77»  Outlook. 


Real  Estate 


FLORIDA 


FOR  RENT  OR  SALE 

Avoid  your  coal  bill  I  2  completely  fur- 
nished modem  oottagee  (8  and  4  roomsj,  9600 
(or SMO-tlM eaeh)7Near Rockledge.  Month 
free  If  aecured  before  November. 

Blair,  Cocoa,  Florida.  Box  92. 


NEW    YORK 


FOB  8AI.E 

Camp  Gahaoa«  an  estab- 
lished Camp  for  Boys 

Adiroadack  Mta.  near  Corinth,  N.  Y.  large, 
folly  equipped  lodge,  gravity  spring  water 
gyatem.  tennia  courts,  etc.  AddreesL.DeWitt 
&ier,lv;  BnuidywiueAve.,Schenectady,N.Y. 


NORTH   CAROLINA 


MooBtaiB  Farm  for  Sale  ^S^  ^ 

tiful  kxmtim  but  imimproved ;  6  miles  from 
one  station.  10  from  two  others.  New  roads ; 
near  pictunsque  30,000-acre  lake.  Btream  for 
power  and  lights ;  oold  spring  water ;  de- 
Ughtfal  climate.  Fine  for  apples.  ?rain, 
poultry,  live  stock,  timnqall  ooontry  sstate, 
eame  preeerre;  216  acrea,_t3,500.  Investigate 
rigidly.  Owner.  Box  41VRue^  N.  C. 


HELP  WANTED 


Business  Situations 

WANTED— Women   between   twenty-five 

and  fifty  ysaia.  Travel  and  sell  business  men. 

BoUdttng  experience  unnecestarr  and  unde> 

aired.  Attractive  personality,  polite  persist- 


ency, pleasantness,  snd  obedlaice  are.  Users 
of  liquors,  tobacco,  or  dnin  undealred.  Drab 
pessimists  will  not  suooeed;  sensible  optimists 


will.  Permanent  salaried  position,  with  free 
eummers  and  advancement.  Address  Box 
214.  Carlisle,  Pa. 

KNITTERS  on  Infants^  bootees,  sweatera, 
blankets.  Work  sent  out  of  town.  The  R.  R. 
BarrioBer  Co.,  29  E.  31st  St..  New  Tork  City. 

Companions  sad  Domsstle  Hsipers 

WANTED-Maid  for  Washington.  D.  C, 
October  1.  To  sew,  have  sut>ervision  of  <^il- 
dren.  aiMi  help  in  dining-room.  Good  refei^ 
euoes.  6,272,  Outlook. 

WANTED— Intelligent  young   woman   ss 


yo 
lit 


W  ANTED— Ciqmble  woman  ss  housek  eeper 
for  institution;  must  have  experience,  sIao 
executive  ability  and  capable  to  manage  help. 
Apply  Supt.  York  Uospftal,  York,  Pa. 

LADIES'  HAID.-Ftrat<las8  maid  wanted 
who  must  understand  brushing  hair,  care  at 
clothes,  and  be  competent  to  make  lingerie. 
Good  packer.  State  particulars,  natlonalitv, 
age  and  wages  expected.  Address  BoswelL 
Box  M,  P.  O.  Station  O.  New  York. 

WOMAN  between  SO  snd  45  to  look  sfter 
two  chiklreii,  ages  six  and  nine.  Referenoes 
required.  6,279.  Outlook. 

WANTED,  nurse.  Must  have  good  dlspcsl- 
tlou,  kind,  and  thoroughly  capable  of  taktug 
entire  charge  of  three-year-old  boy,  leg  in 
brace.  Smaif  family.  Permanent  posinon. 
6,-J64,  Outlook. 

NURSE,  for  two  children,  seven  and  five. 
References.  Mrs.  Walter  Olcott.  care  James 
W.  Cheney,  South  Mancheater.  Coiui. 


WORKING  hoiisekeener,  in  small  private 
lainily,  three  servants.  Reply,  giving  refer- 
ences and  experience  in  private  house.   6,285, 


Teachers  and  Qovemeeses 

GOVERNESSES,  matrons,  mothen*  help. 

ers,  cafeteria  imtiaKem,  dietitians.  Miss 
Richards,  537  Howard  Buildiiig,  Providence. 
Boston.  16  Jackson  Hall,  Trinity  Court, 
Thursdays,  U  to  1. 


HELP  WANTED 


Teachers  and  Oovemeeees 

WANTED— Competent  teachers  for  piibbe 
and  privaUachoolB and  colleges,  fiend  for  bul- 
letin. Albany  Teachers'  Agency,  A  thany ,  N.  Y. 

WANTED  -  Two  experienced  teactera. 
Latin- Et«lish  and  mathematJca.  Higliscbool 
grade.  fTOOand  board.  SoutbemachooL  High 
altitude.  6,233.  Ootkxfk. 

WANTED— Companion-Koven»«M  for  ^nl 
of  fift+^ti.  ProtHstaiit  American  or  En^IWi 
Able  to  aRsi«t  with  music,  French.  Wiiluij:  to 
tnivd.  U'Hxl  reference  and  exjierieure  r*< 
qiiin^l.  Personal  interview  New  York  City. 
KT.l,  Outlook. 

TK.\CHERS  desirinc  whool  or  colles^ 
ptiaitioiiK  Apply  liiteriiatioiial  Muiiiral  aud 
BdiiL-atioiial  .4^6"*"^'.  f'ftmepie  HaJl,  N.  V. 

HOPKINS'  Educational  AKency.  .•MT  VMth 
Avoitup,  (rovpnieaw*.  niin«*8.  hou«ekp«*pcra» 
dlptitiaitn.  roiiipaiiioiis,  w^TPtariea.  Tfacners: 
Lkitiii,  (irtM'k,  Hiierx'*',  miburlKui  school. 


SITUATIONS    WANTED 


Profesalonal  Situation* 

LAW  IKK,  above  draft  age,  twenty  year*' 
practice  New  Toxii,  all  courts,  beat  refers 
enoee  as  to  character  and  ability,  deains 
larger  opportunity  Uian  that  afforded  by 
oountry  town.   6,274,  Outlook. 

Business  Situations 
DNIVERBITT  woman,  apedal  experleooe, 
desires  position  sa  secretary,  assistant  editoc, 
aaaistam  mauaicar.  6,20,  Outlook. 

Companions  aad  Domastle  Haipofs 

RKFINED  woman,  capable  and  willinc. 
deairea  poaitlon  as  cooTaleacent  nune  or 
companioo  or  housekeeper  in  prirate  faailly. 
6,3MrOutk>ok. 

TOUNO  woman  wishea  to  go  to  CaHfamia 
after  November  1  as  nurse  or  oompanloo  to 
Invalid  lady  or  gentleman.  Good  eiperieoce 
hi  nursing.  Doctora*  reierencea.  Have  trav- 
eled. 6,zn,  OatkMk. 

WANTED,  by  a  woman  a<  leBuemeait,  a 
positioo  aa  housekeeper  or  oompaniuo.  Ad. 
draas  P.  O.  Box  1,466,  nttafleld,  tSm. 

LADT  would  like  poeitiou  as  houaekeeper 
or  companion.  Best  releranoea.  6,36&  Ootlook. 

POSITION  wanted  by  woman  of  reOne- 
ment,  with  daughter  aged  twelve,  aa  tiome. 
keeper  for  childien  of  man  in  war  wovk. 
Diaoootinning  nnrafaig.  Bcferesxiea  ex- 
changed. Meat  preferred.  Mm.  Eleanor 
Powers,  Hantrooe,  CoL 

SCOTCH  lady  wishes  position  of  vUting 
or  permanent  supervising  housekeeper.  Best 
referencea  from  American  and  Englisli  iam- 
Uies.  6,277,  Outlook. 

REFINED  woman  drelres  position  sa  ooo- 
panion,  chaperon,  or  managing  housekneper. 
Excellent  refereiiqea.  6,278,  Outlook. 

REFINED  American  middlesKed  lady 
wishes  poeition  as  companion  to  laay  or  rcd- 
tleman;  will  alao  assin  In  directing  houao. 
hold.  Will  travel.  Excellent  relareaoea.  <,366, 
OuUook. 

Tsachars  and  Ooymsssss 

EXPERIENCED  teacher  will  tutor  one  or 
two  boys.  8,287,  Outlook. 


MISCELLANEOUS 

PATRIOTISM  by  Lynian  Abbott,  ako  4 
verses  of  America— Tlie  Pledge  to  the  Ftsg— 
2  veraea  of  The  Btar-Bpangled  Baaner,  aJI  u  a 
little  leaflet.  Further  tlie  cause  of  Palriotisn 
by  distributing  in  your  letters,  in  pay  envel- 
opea,  in  schools,  cliurclies.  clubs,  and  i 
gatherings.  100  sent  nrf-liald  for  M 
Arthur  MTMorse,  Mcntclair,  N.J. 

FORDS  START  EAST  IN  COLD 
WEATHER  with  oor  new  >»«  carbnreton : 
>4  milea  per  gallon.  Uae  cheapest  gaaoline  or 
half  kerosene,  tncreaaed  power.  Btylea  for 
any  motor.  Very  slow  on  high.  Attach  it 
yourself.  Big  profits  to  agents.  Hooey  back 
guarantee.  30  days'  trial.  Air  Friction  Cai^- 
buretor  Co.,  240  Madison,  Dayton,  Ohio. 


Why  Be  Thin  and  Frail? 

I  CAN  mftke  you  weig:h  what  yon  should.  Can 
Imild  up  TOUT  strength.  Can  improve  your  figure. 
Cnn  teachyou  to  stand  and  valk  correctly.  In 
your  home.  Without  drugs.  By  scientific  methods 
such  as  vonr  physician 
approves.  Results  will  be 
noticeable  to  you  and  your 
friends  in  a  few  week^. 

One  puvifl  writes :  "  Under  your 
treatment  I  t£>ined  ij  pounds 
the  Artt  three  months  sad  l>e- 
i-aine  stronK  and  healthy.  I 
would  not  t>e  i>ack  where  I  was 
for  any  nmount  of  money." 

If  you  only  realised  how  sure- 
ly,howeasily,how  inexpensively 
yotiT  weight  can  be  iztcreased, 
your  figure  perfected^  and  your 
health  Improvad,  I  am  certain 
you  would  write  me. 

I  want  to  help  you  as  only  a 
wonuui  cui.  I've  had  a  wonder- 
ful experience  covering  sixteen 
years.  Write  to  me  wad  if  my 
work  won't  help  I  will  tell  you 
what  will 

SUSANNA  COCROFT 

Dept  8,        C24  S.  MtcUffsa  Am. 

Chicago,  Illinois 


YOUR  WANTS  IN  EVERY  LINE 

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THE  OUTLOOK 


197 


[A  dverliseiiieiit^ 


It  Always  Shows 

In  Their  Looks 


The  Otttwenrd  Signs  That  Reveal  Character  at  a  Glance — 
Plain  Aa  Print  When  You  Know  How  to  Read  Them 

A  Simple  Knack  That  Anyone  Can  Qaickfy  Learn — 
How  It  Helped  John  Cogan  Win  New  Friends  and  More  Business 


LIKE  moat  others,  I  hare  always  been  interested 
J  in  trying:  to  get  an  insight  into  the  people  I 
meet  fnnn  vGat  I  can  see  on  the  outmae.  And 
also  like  most  others,  I  played  at  it  in  a  dabbling, 
random  sort  of  ynj,  sometimes  being  sncoeasfai 
but  more  often  making  big  mistakes. 
As  X  have  since  discoTered,  it  is  a  simple  enongh 
thing — when  yon  know  how — to  look  at  a  man  yoa 
never  saw  before  and  tell  at  a  glanoe  just  what  man- 
ner of  man  he  is.  Today  the  outward  indications 
are  aa  open  book  to  me.  I  oan  tell  at  sight  amon's 
temperament,  mental  workings  and  capabilities  the 
first  time  I  lay  eyes  on  him—can  see  at  a  glance 
just  bow  to  luuidle  him. 

This  isn't  any  special  gift  or  tendency-of-mind  on 
niy  part.  I  hare  no  mora  natural  bent  for  judging 
people  than  any  other  average  man  or  woman  of 
normal  intelligence.  There  is  nothing  magical  or 
mjrsterious  abont  it.  It  is  rnreljr  a  matter  of  know- 
ing how  to  read  the  ontward  stgna — signs  that  are 
always  there,  plain  as  the  noae  on  a  man's  face. 
Let  me  tell  yon  my  story,  then  judge  for  yourself. 

Why  Most  People  Get  Mixed 

The  reason  moat  men  and  women  go  astray  in  trr- 
ing  to  "size  people  up"  is  because  they  merely 
gtjft*  at  thugs,  merely  j™>p  to  hasty  conolusjons. 
We  fo  hj  "  hunches.'  We  depend  on  our  instincts 
and  mtmtion  instead  of  on  any  real  knowledge  of 
the  siens  that  reveal  character.  We  are  guided  by 
our  lues  and  dislikes— entirely  ignoring  the  iaet 
that  a  WcMe  man  or  woman  isn't  always  a  capable 
person ;  ignoring  the-faot  that  a  man  who  happens 
to  be  s&ble  ana  approachable  may  not  be  sincere. 

How  He  Boosted  His  Sales 

One  evening  a  few  months  ago,  I  happened  to  be 
on  the  Twentieth  Centnry  bound  for  ChJoago.^  In 
the  club  car  lifter  dinner,  whom  should  I  mn  into 
but  my  old  friend  John  Cogan.  Matnially  we  held 
a  iittle  reunion. 


Onr  talk  gradually  veered  around  to  bnsine 
iBoally  happena  between  business  men.  John  had 
■Iwsvs  been  a  mighty  good  salesman.  But  he  told 
me  that  be  hadwarned  more  about  selling  in  the 
lact  tew  months  than  in  all  his  previous  years  at  it. 

1  asked  bmi  bow,  "  By  learning  more  about  people 
aadhowtojudgethem," washisanswer.  "Harry," 
he  said,  "  FveDeen  at  this  bnsinew  a  long  time.  I 
have  always  worked  on  the  theory  of  attempting  to 
sell  to  everybody  in  about  the  same  way.  I  sort  of 
standardized  my  methods :  they  didn't  fit  everr' 
prtispect  or  onstomer,  bnt  they  fitted  often  enough 
to  get  pretty  fair  results.  I  thought  there  was 
Dothiiv  m  this  thing  of  trying  to  size  np  each  in- 
dividual and  figure  oat  how  to  approach  hira.  1'hey 
say  yoa  can't  teach  an  old  dog  new  tricks.  But  a 
man  never  gets  too  old  to  lewn  something  new— 
that  is,  if  he  wonts  to. 

Paid  Her  $16,000  A  Year 

"  Bla/be  voa've  heard  of  Doctor  Katherine  M.  H. 
Blaeuotd.  Every  once  in  a  while  some  magazine 
writes  her  np.  For  years  she  has  made  a  business 
of  analysing  character  from  appearances.  One  of 
the  big  ■grionltonl  implement  companies  paid  her 
810,On>  a  year  for  picking  employees  that  way— 
iMcaiiM  of  her  ability  to  tell  from  an  applicant's 
looka  whether  he  had  the  stuff  to  make  good,  and 
what  kiiid  cl  a  iob  he  would  fit  into  best.  Instead 
of  beiiv  guided  by  an  applicant's  teooid,  or  ezperi- 


enoe,  or  references.  Dr.  Blackford  fudged  his  good 
points  and  bad  points,  his  ability  ana  dependability, 
entirely  from  wnat  she  could  tee  of  him  while  tak- 
ing his  application.  Other  big  firms  have  also  paid 
her  big  fees  for  d<nng  similar  work. 

In  Dealing  ^th  People 

"  I  had  read  and  heard  endugh  about  Dr.  Black- 
ford's work  to  convince  me  that  she  had  learned 
something  I  wanted  to  leam.  I  did  a  Uttle  sleuth- 
ing. I  found  that  she  had  taught  the  knack  of 
judging  pe<n>le  to  thousands  of  men  and  women — 
all  the  way  nom  ambitions  clerks  up  to  heads  of 
million  dollar  corporations, 

"  I  made  up  my  mind  that  I  could  get  the  knack  if 
they  could.  It  was  easier  than  I  ever  dreamed  pos- 
sible. Yon  know  lots  of  things  that  look  hard  at 
first  turn  out  to  be  very  sinaple  when  some  one  who 
knows  shows  yon  how.  I  took  this  np  only  two 
months  ago.  What  I  have  learned  about  judging 
people  hiM  already  added  25%  to  my  sales— and 
yon  know  I've  always  done  faurly  well.  1  sell  to 
men  now  that  I  used  to  fall  down  on — rimply  be- 
cause I  can  tell  almost  at  sight  just  how  to  go  at 
them — whether  to  get  right  down  to  business  or 
open  np  in  a  lonnaabout  way — what  their  weak 
points  are — what  angle  of  talk  will  make  the  best 
appeal  to  each  man— and  what  &cts  or  arguments 
will  '  clinch '  him.  It  is  all  as  clear  u  a  book  when 
you  know  the  simple  alphabet  of  signs  that  spell 
out  a  man's  character  and  his  mental  'slants.' 
From  a  strictlj'  busineaB  standpoint,  I  consider  this 
kiiaok  of  judging  people  at  sight  about  the  biggest 
thing  I  ever  picked  up  in  my  fife." 

I  have  known  John  Cogan  for  years.  He  isn't  • 
man  who  lets  mere  enthuaiaam  run  away  with  him. 
Results  are  the  only  thiiigs  that  count  with  him. 
But  there  was  one  point  Ididn't  get — how  as  busy 
a  man  as  John  Cogan  had  found  time  to  go  to 
school  to  Dr.  Blackford  or  anyone  else. 

In  Sevra  Easy  Lessons 

"Nothing  of  the  sort,"  he  explained  when  1  asked 
him.  "I  fonnd  that  Dr.  Blackford  has  teoentlv 
boiled  the  whole  thing  down  into  7  nmple,  quick 
and  easy  lessons  in  printed  form — a  sort  of  vest 
pocket  course  for  busy  people  that  von  oan  read  and 
atndy  Kfter  dinner  at  nome,  on  tne  train,  or  any 
other  time  or  place  that  happens  handy.  The  lessons 
are  so  simple  and  interesting  that  they  are  mora  like 
a  pastime  than  a  study.  My  first  evening  on  those 
lessons  was  more  fun  than  going  to  a  show.  And 
the  practical  results  began  to  show  immediately — 


Hat  Been  Doing  This  For  Years 

Dr.  nacUsrri  aamias  skibr  toiste  pMpk  si  iMi  b 
SBflj  nUtacW  kr  kar  riMiititli  racsH  k  tk«  nUcliw 
ii  <a«la)rM«  it  —^  fina  ■•  Ik*  Wnthifcmi  EUdrk 
—i  Maaafsctariac  CaaMar,  Pk«h  Nalaal  Lib  Imu- 
aaca  CiMaiBf.llwslii  Pew<»  CiMsiar.  aa<  alfcari.  h 
pawlat  la  tjtmuainl  ipflkiah  wrfc  yasr .  Dr.  ShcUarf 
aitiiaatad  Ika  (kafadar  aaJ  ranMltto  af  aack  aalirriT 
baa  ths  aal«Bi4  dsai,  Thaaccaracraikarlaitaaiaanai 
JaHi»ia>lan»MWtfc«facHtat»«%alfc«riilii«ii 
wiaiHw  al  AA  jcavtaai  iiniliaii  ■aii  fsa4ailka 
Jah  la  wUcfc  im  plscaJ  thaa.  Har  T-lnna  caataa  aaw 
■akaa  k  aav  iar  aairoai  I*  laaia  mat  imh  IIm  itatl* 
pilatltlM  wUcfc  ik*  kaa  kaaa  adat  ttr  jaara. 


that  first  evening  gave  me  pointere  that  I  began  to 
cash  in  on  the  very  next  day.  The  rest  was  merely  a 
matter  of  a  little  more  study  and  a  little  more  praotioa. 

"  And  here  is  another  thing  that  makes  it  easy^-a 
mere  request  to  the  publishers  of  Dr.  Blackford's 
lessons  will  bring  them  for  5  days'  free  examination. 
If  they  don't  sell  themselves  to  you  when  yon  look 
them  over,  send  them  back  and  they  cost  you  noth- 
ing. If  you  think  you  are  getting  value  received,  a 
S5  bill  pays  for  them.  That's  all.  And  I  can  hon- 
estly sav,  Harry,  that  I  wouldn't  trade  what  I  got 
from  those  leaaons  for  any  $5,000  check  ever 
signed,  let  alone  a  iH  bill." 

I  Can  Now  Say  "Ditto" 

One  of  the  best  moves  I  ever  made  in  my  life  waa 
to  take  John  Cogan's  suggestion  and  follow  suit. 
That  was  about  three  months  ago.  Now  that  I'm 
in  on  the  real  How  of  reading  people  from  the  ont- 
ward signs— of  telling  what  a  man  or  woman  is  like 
from  what  they  look  like — I  can  say  "ditto"  to 
everything  John  Cogan  said. 

He  didn't  paint  it  a  bit  too  strong— either  the  sim- 
plicity of  it,  or  the  practical  day  after  day  valne  of 
knowing  how  to  judgt  people,  instead  of  relying  on 
mere  haphazard  imprations  about  them. 

Thanks  to  those  7  easy  lessons,  I  can  now  tell  almost 
the  minute  I  lay  eyes  on  people  how  to  make  them 
my  friends,  in  either  a  business  or  social  way — how 
to  talk  to  tnem,  how  to  influence  them  to  the  best 
advantage.  Also  I  can  tell  at  a  glance  whom  I  can 
trust  and  whom  I  can't.  The  firrt  time  I  see  a  man 
— or  woman  either— I  can  get  a  better  line  on  him 
than  many  of  his  friends  have  after  years  of  acquaint- 
ance. On  top  of  all  this,  those  lessons  have  taught 
me  more  about  mj/teif  than  I  ever  knew  before — 
and  when  yon  oome  right  down  to  it,  mighty  few  of 
us  ever  really  know  ourselves,  to  say  nothing  of 
others.  To  my  mind,  those  two  points  are  twc  of 
the  biggest  factors  in  any  Idnd  of  work  or  bnaness 
— knowi^  yonraelf  and  knowing  others.  No  wonder 
Mr.  L,  S.  Hawley,  of  Grand  Rapids,  wrote  The 
Independent  Corporation  as  follows : 

'*li  1  had  knoitii  yean  ago  wbat  I  have  learatd 

aoiady  tram  Dr.  Blackford'a  Coaiae.«Clia  knowl. 

tigi  would  hare  bein  worth  a  thwiainil  thaaa  the 

pxiOD  at  thaaa  liaiwni  to  me." 

Free  Examination— Send  No  Money 

1  don't  MT  that  every  one  wiU  find  thcaa  leaeoua  aa  beltrfnl 

aa  1  did.  But  what  you  oan  nt  from  them  la  certainly  worth 

many  timea  Ifi  to  aoy  one  who  will  take  the  trouble  to  aeod 

for  them  and  read  them. 

And  remember  that  you  doo't  have  to  pay  a  oeot  until  you 

■ee  the  leaaotia,  and  then  only  if  you  are  mttifled  aritll  your 

faai^galn. 

Toucan  keep  them  6  daya  before  deciding.  Then  If  you  oanH 
■ee  $5  wortli  iu  them,  return  them  to  the  pubUahera  and 
they  ooat  you  nothing.  No  matter  what  yoa  think  of  the 
leaentii  after  you  look  them  orer,  you  caut  loae  oo  a  lee-foi^ 
youiaelf  offer  like  thia.  Merely  maO  the  oonpoa  at  the  bot- 
tom ol  thia  page,  mm*  aa  1  did — no  money  neoeaaiya 
nothing  but  your  nauM  and  addreaa. 

_  _  _FREE^EXAMIN^ON  COUPON 

HfWaa  «(  lanau  EAtaliaa.  Bwt  SMl  IM  Wm  4M  St.  Nnr  Tat 

PMhltj.hfrt  of  Tht  fnJe^tMdtHt  (a*til  llar^r'i  Wtekiy) 
neAM)  wnd  me  Dr.   Blackford*!  Coarae  of  iwvrn  It-aBOCU 
Gftlled  RmdbiK  CliArm(t«r  at  Bight.    I  will  dther  rwiJA  tha 
Courae  to  yuu  wlthla  flTe<Uyaaft«r  lt«x«oeiptor  wad  you  $r^. 


Name . . . 


Digitized  ■ 


(r:...^. 


#1% 


•utiook  t«-*-U         '•»IT»*t 


198 


THE   OUTLOOK 


9  October 


YOUR  UTMOST 

That  i*  what  ii  aaked  of  every 
Amerioan  to-day. 

Are  yott  phytioally  and  men- 
tally fit  to  ^ve  it  P 

b  yotir  "Human  Machine" 
running  smoothly  P 

Will  it  meet  the  extra  effort, 
the  extra  work,  wra  to  be 
•■ked  of  it  thii  winter  P 

Tbera  ia  only  one  way  to 
KNOW— to  be  SURE  :— 

Take  time  off  for  a  oarefiil 
going  over  of  your  "  Human 
Machine."  Rest,  under  intel- 
ligent guidance,  and  the  let- 
ting right  of  the  engine,  your 
heart,  is  needed.  Only  so  will 
your  "Human  Machine" 
anawer  the  call  without  strain 
or  braJcdown. 

and,  in  this  connection — 

THE  Glen  Springs 

The  Pien««r  Amerioan  "Cur«" 
For  H«art  Disorders 

WATKINS  OLKN  NCW  YORK 

Wm.  &  t^efflnKwell.  PrtM. 


\This  FREE  Shoe  Book 


in  crowded   ' 

of  Ezwoar  shoes  lur  H<-n.  Women  end  Uhjldrcv. 
i  Eiwcar  Ktioon  ar<-  sent  postpaid,  guaranteM 

-"--ni-   comfort,  -ftyle   mni   qiinlitv    to  HI 

'  or  monay  back.    Amazlnsly  lOW 
Stnd  for  yoytr  copy  todav. 


TE  Simon  Shoe'IK?N°: 


ST  A 
PI 


TANDARD 

AH* 

RITUAL 


H  vmN 


SON 


:s 


Jnst  Ont.    A  New  Sonr  Book.    Bampis  copr  will 
demonsti^*  lu  Tshw.  KxBiniiittion  Copy  Boutl  29cCloui  3&c. 


The  BlKlov  mnd  Main  Co.,  New  York  -  Chloaco 


"TD&e  Si$o  of 
AQooao6op 

V^OU  may  have  confidence  in  the 
goods  of  a  men's  wear  shop  that 
recommends  the  Boston  Garter. 
You  may  be  sure  that  the  policy 
of  the  dealer  is  to  give  the  cus- 
tomer full  value  for  his  money.  The 
Boston  Gaiter  is  first  in  quality  and 
fint  in  service.     Ask  for  it 

3S  cents  end  opwerd  in  iea^ 
iaa  More*  from  coast  to  coast. 

OEOROC  FROST  CO.,  Makciis,  Boarow 


The  Outlook 

CopTTiKht,  1918,  by  The  Outlook  Company 

TABLE  OF  CONTENTS 

Vol.  120         October  9,  1918  No.  6 


TBB  OCTtOOK  U  rUBUSRSD  WSBKLT  >r  TBB  OUfLOOS  OOMTAVT, 

381  rotrsTB  ATBinjm,  mw  tors.  lawsbiiob  r.  abiott, 
rusiosKT.  M.  T.  rvLsiFBE,  Tica-naMDurr.  raAUK  c.  bott, 
TBBASUimi.  SBinST  H.  AnoTT,  saotaTAKT.  nAvns  D. 
OAUiAii,  AOTBansras  vAXAoas.  tbailt  srasourrxni— 
nrTT-Two  niuas— TOOK  Douxal  w  AOvAiica.  uiauu 
asj.  saoo«o-cLAU  aumn,  jvit  zi.  11(3,  tn  An  ron 
omca  AT  mw  tobs,  mnias  tea  act  or  haiob  s.  \tr> 


The  Fourth  Liberty  Loan 201 

"Think,"  and  Buyt 201 

The  Collapse  of  Bulgaria 201 

The  Defeat  and  the  Surrender 202 

The  Western  Front  Ablaze 203 

Woman  Suffrage 203 

Work   and  Fight 204 

Real  Soldiers  of  the  Soil 204 

Cartoons  of  the  Week 20S 

Wiping  "  Made  in  Germany  "  off  the  Map  206 

A  Chamber  Music  Festival .  206 

The  New  Conductor  of  the  Boston  Sym- 
phony Orchestra 206 

"Don't": 207 

Improving     Urban     Conditions     Among 

Negroes 207 

A  WorM  Record  in  Ship-Building 208 

The  Preaident's  Conditions  of  Peace 206 

Patriot  and  Priest  209 

The  Pupil  Reports 210 

Quentin  Roosevelt:  Some  Reminisoences 

Reoorded  by  Oite  of  His  Teachers 211 

"Bread.  Meat,  and  Brotherhood:"   Aa 
Interview   with  Sir  William  Goode,  of 

Great  Briuin's  Food  Ministry 213 

Hy  FullMtoo  I.  Waldo 
Some  Recent  Soulptnra 214 

With  Whom  and  for  What  are  We  at  WarP  216 
By  in  Expcft  in  lotamatiooal  L«w 

Conscientious  Objectors — and  Othen-...  218 

By  Fninois  Lyndc 
Home  to  England 220 

ByGrctory  Maaoo.  Staff  Conaapoadaat  of 

Current  Events  Illustrated 221 

Gas.  Shell-Shook,  and  Soula 226 

By  WUIUm  L.  Stid«er 

The  Red  Croaa  Shop 227 

By  Laura  G.  Smkh 

Weekly  Outline  Study  of  Current  History  228 

By  J.  Madison  Gatliany,  A.M. 
To  the  Amerioan  Ambassador  to  Great 
Britain  on  Hearing  of  His  Retirement 

(Poem) 230 

By  H.  D.  Rawnalcy 

Four  Sun 230 

By  Kaiharina  Holland  Brown 

The  Gold  Question 233 

By  the  Way 234 

BY  SUBSCRIFnON  S4.M  A  TEAR.    Bingis  copiaa  10  cats. 
For  foreign  SQbscrlption  to  ooimtrifla  In  the  Postal  Union,  ffi Ji6. 

Address  all  commnnlratifins  to 

THE  OUTLOOK  COMPANY 

381  Fourth  AveDae  New  York  City 


TCACHtRS'     AQKNCIES 


The  Pratt  Teachers  Agency 

70  Fifth  Avenoe,  New  TorT 
RaoomnMods  teachan  to  oollags^jmbUc  andptivate  KkaM 
Adrise*  parents  about  scliools.    Wm.  O.  Pratt.  Mir. 


SCHOOLS    AND    COLLEQES 


ILLINOIS 


Home  Study 


(nthYsr 


r. 

I  Afklnns-^and  more  thmn  400  other  Acadenus 
I  wid  pTof cMional  cxmrsea  ars  otf— d  by  con^ 
■     •poodcoce,    AcUreMi 

I  Wcfi  HbttinrBilg  nf  Orhitasa 

8L  DWatoalO.CMcaao.lll. 


Bmlaesa  CeasmmilratUm,  Fonna  af  PaUs 
Addross-  —     .... 


MAeaACHUSETTS 

WALNUT  HILL  SCHOOL 


S8  HlKhlnnd  St.,  Nntiek.  

A  CoIISKs  Preparatory  gchoul  (or  O  iris.  17  miles  bom  E 

Miss  Connnt,  MUh  BIkbIow,  Prlnclpsln 

SHORT-STORY  IKTRITING 

A  coarsa  of  forty  lieanns  in  tlie  histofr,  feta. 

stmetore.sndwritiniroftheWhwl  Btstftsnght^ 

Br.1.  BnT  Inavrts,  r«r  >MfsBili*rarUrflM>i 

lAss.     PltamaiSm 


rai  nsEK  coBanreiMJini  sraaoi 

m>    Dryl.  ■  Sycl««<WM,l 

N  EW    YORK    CITY 


UNION  THEOLOGICAL  SEMINAR! 

Broadway  at  124th  Street 
Hew  T«rk  CHy 

The  charter  requires  that  "  Kqoal  prlTilCBee  of  sdniati 
and  Instruction,  with  all  the  sdTantaces  of  the  Va^ 
noo,  aliall  beallowed  to  Studeuta  <A  erery  denomiucn  < 
Christians."  Kl'- '  "  ~  ' '      ■      -    ■ 

For  Cstalo(ni< 


Klichty-tlUrd  year  began  SeMamber  &  L« 
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NEW    YORK 


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School  (or  Norses 

YONKCRS.    NCW  YORK 

Kegistered  hi  New  fork  gtate,  oSera  aayeais'e 
-  ledTedn.       • 


geoeral  training  to   refiuad. 

ments  one  year  Ttigh  eohool  or  its  eqoivalaut.  Apiilr  bi  a 

Directress  ot  Nurses,  If  pollers.  New  Torfc. | 

OHIO 

ABANREB 

Jrabynallte  vwvttea  for  Utia  wta*mt&ny^\ 
la  wblefaUMm  bm  snat  gpunt liintti—  far  bca  ar  I 
SaidAt  otn*  forfrM  bw'      "'" 

•r"  Itj  PT^gp  Q.  AtOQRH, 

-'    4IMcLsaeBlds..i 


NEW  OPPORTUNiTiES 

arc  cHwniiiiF  d«i)y  for   trained    men  and    wotiiea- 
.Nevrr  h  ts  the  demand  been  so  nrrataad  Ibe  pay  *»  a 
large.  Uur  free  Ixioklet  explains  how,  in  yOur  simre  1 
tlioe  at  home,  you  may  t>econie  a  Cerrined  Put4k  ( 
Accountant,  Cost  AcciHintant;  Banker,  Broker.  Coe- 
ponie  Setreury,  BusinHs   Organizer.  Ad 
\eniklnif.  Sales  and  Keal  Estate  Ex[icrtb 
uur  easy  svKteni.  Send  for  booklet  nud 
slate  MhiLn  course  interests  you 
Mwfl  %mimmm  hslllan. 

mriiii  II II  ■*<..■.!. 


Important  to 
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When  you  notify  Th( 
Outlook  of  a  chan 
in  your  address,  botl 
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before  the  chang 
is   to  go  into   effect 

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1918 


THE   OUTLOOK 


199 


5   NAMES   ARE   LISTED   IN  PERSHING'S   SECOND   DAYJS^  REP^lRT  ON 


•anded  on  the  iong  Army  Utt ; 
>  Marine*  Killed  and       -  "• 


THE  IvMiii--- — ^r^Tl  Day » "-r.. 


Tlwir  *«*(. 

A'.i    II     -^■•    -  ' 


«  iw  t»jkm»K  ■■•■ 


Our  Casualty  Lists- 

Let's  not  get  used  to  them— 
Let's   STOf  them— quickly! 

HOW?     By  rolling  up  an  overwhelm- 
ing   subscription     to     the     Fourth 
Liberty  Loan. 

After  four  long,  frightful  years  the  tide  of  battle  is 
turning!  The  time  has  come  at  last  when  MONEY 
MIGHT  will  go  far  toward  hastening  the  Victory 
that  will  stop  these  dreadful  casualty  lists  and 
bring  our  boys  home  again. 

Buy  Liberty  Bonds — to  the  very  limit  of  your 
means!  Never  mind  how  many  you  have  bought 
already — buy  more,  and  more,  and  more! 

Don't  think  about  the  money — that  will  all  come  back  to 
you  with  interest.  Think  about  the  brave  young  Amer- 
icans who  are  fighting  and  suffering  and  dying  Over  There 
for  you. 

'  Don't  make  excuses — make  sacrifices! 

BUY  U.S. GOVERNMENT  BONDS 
FOURTH  LIBERTY  LOAN 


Unttrd  !4t«iM  Gov't  Comis. 
uo  Public  Inlwtn 


TH\i  tpace  cnnlnbuUJ  Jor  thr  Winning  of  Ihe  War  by 
THE    OUTLOOK 


"STlOUIS  postdisraich 


One  St  Louisan  Kille^ 
Two  Wounded  in  i 

'Sunday's  Casualty  List  Also  Includes 
From  Wear-by  Places — Dead  Her 
a  Post-Dispatch  Newsboy 


I   -AwnM   "  •»•  xmo^  ih-  ..lu.  m    i>  '.ot\r% 

.,-, -     fr  *fc*   V    r   .         r  .     ^i   (r.f  ihr  *n.i    iv^   •**   »*»T    .   -    -  - 

1  ■Mrii*  f  fi  <>-i*(^  V.%  7U»  %m,y  V-xx  ^^\-.tMt  u  i«  •  *«r(Ww.  ik«  tint 
^nw'jlntnt  HI  .Mi»»«  auM  ib*  •mouJ  «•  >iatD<<  T  -r*  ««r»  m  it*rln%  c«9> 
'«  iuUi»«  rt^mMiL    TTit  »ro  r  PM  •r»»  .li»  Jt-j  a«  ^*l«w•. 

T.i»l.lO  *"" 


VtVl.MiOV.  DLAl 


'■..,,'       ""^ '^ij..  "  IV».  i\"Dili«n  of  111!  lulllr      I 

*^"*^'**^*         "**'       ,;  .-'     ■♦as  4        •  »  of^^^.  3  u  Ti*i».  r^i.^  •..i   tt 

,  <»».^  " '  OatJ^  To        •" '-^h... 


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THE   OUTLOOK 


I  Dream  on- 

I  The  Table  is  Valspaurred! 


Valspar  is  a  remarkable  varnish,  //  is  water- 
proof.,  spot-proof  and  durable. 

Neither  boiling  water  nor  spilled  liquids  can 
turn  Valspar  white,  or  in  any  way  mar  its 
beautiful  surface. 

\t  protects  and  preserves  woodwork  and  furni- 
ture of  all  kinds. 

You  should  use  it  everywhere  in  the  home, 
indoors  and  out,  to  get  the  very  best  results. 

In  the  bathroom,  kitchen,  pantry,  laundry, 
splashes  won't  hurt  Valspar. 

In  the  sick-room   or  the   nursery,  you    can 


sterilize  the  Valsparred  woodwork  with  hot 
water  and  soap. 

On  the  front  door  and  on  the  porch  Valspar 
laughs  at  rain  or  snow. 

In  the  front  hall,  wet  feet  and  dripping 
umbrellas  won't  harm  Valsparred  floors. 

Beyond  all  question,  Valspar  is  the  most 
efficient  household  varnish  in  the  world. 

Special  Offer 

If  you  wish  to  test  Valspar  send  25c.  in  stamps 
and  we  will  send  ybu  enough  Valspar  to 
finish  a  small  table  or  chair. 


VALENTINE'S 

LSPAR 

The  Varnish  That  Won't  Turn  White 


VALENTINE    &    COMPANY 

440  Fourth  Avenue,  New  York 

Largett  manuSavturen  ^  High-gmde  VamUhesintAe  World 
ErrABUSHBD  UK 

New  York  Chicago  VJftlj^'KKES  Toronto     London 
Boston  iTr.de  Markj  Amsterdam 

W.  P.  Fuller  &  Co.,  San  Francisco  and  Principal 
Pacific  Coast  Cities 

Copyright,  rf  If .  Vattntin*  fy-  CompmMy 


mi 


llllllllllllllllilllllllllllllllillllillillilllllllllllllllllllllliniiilH^^ 

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The  Outlook 

OCTOBER  9,  1918 
Offices,  381  Fourth  Avenue,  New  York 


FOURTH  LIBEFTY  LOAN 

The  campaign  for  the  Fourth  Liberty  Loan  began  on  Sat- 
jr,  September  28.  It  doees  on  Saturday,  October  19.  The 
is  for  ^,000,000,000,  twice  as  large  an  amount  as  that  of 
)f  the  previous  loans,  and  by  far  vie  largest  amount  ever 
>wed  in  one  issue  of  bonds  by  any  Government.  The  bonds 
3  new  loan  will  mature  in  twenty  years  (1938),  and  will  carry 
est  at  the  rate  of  i}£  per  cent,  payable  semi-annually  on 
1 15  and  October  15.  Purchasers  may  pay  cash  down,  or 
er  cent  on  October  19,  twenty  per  cent  each  on  November  21 
[>ecember  19  of  this  year,  twenty  per  cent  on  January  16, 
thirty  per  cent  on  January  30,  1919.  Presumably  local 
litteea  and  employers  throughout  the  country  will  enable 
iduals  to  pay  for  their  bonds  on  the  weekly  or  monthly 
Ument  plan,  but  this  is  a  matter  of  personal  arrangement 
B  not  part  of  the  provision  made  by  the  Government, 
e  campaign  for  the  sale  of  the  bonds  of  the  Fourth  Liberty 
started  after  several  weeks  of  systematic  preparation  with 
ingenuity  of  method  and  on  a  great  scale  of  activity. 
chief  features  are  found  in  a  large  variety  of  posters  and 
us,  in  a  great  use  of  both  press  and  platform,  m  new  and 
ding  film  arguments,  and,  finally,  in  the  use  of  railway 
i  as  educators  and  stimulators.  This  last-named  feature 
its  of  twenty-two  day  trips  of  trains  carrying  trophies 
red  by  General  Pershing's  men — large  and  small  guns, 
li  mortals,  mine-throwers,  rifles,  shells,  helmets,  and  other 
oaterial.  The  trains  also  carry  contingents  of  Pershing 
ins  and  of  the  French  Foreign  Legion,  of  Liberty  Loan 
ers  and  bond  salesmen. 

the  celebrations  marking  the  b^;inning  of  the  campaign 
in  New  York  City  was  notable.  It  was  opened  on  the 
ng  of  September  27  by  the  ten  great  sirens  of  the  Police 
rtment,  provided  to  warn  the  citizens  in  case  of  im- 
ng  German  air  raids.  In  an  instant  there  was  an  answer- 
allowing  from  the  Fire  Department  sirens,  the  shrieks  of 
boat  and  factory  whistles,  the  din  of  motor  horns,  and  the 
impressive  clang  of  chuixth  bells.  Thousands  of  red  flares 
d  and  over  twelve  thousand  yoimg  men  distributed 
,000  copies  of  a  special  edition  of  the"  Stars  and  Stripes," 
ildiers'  news^per  in  France. 

the  same  time  thousands  of  speakers  throughout  the 
d  States  started  to  make  addresses.  That  in  New  York 
vas  from  President  Wilson  ;  we  comment  on  it  elsewhere. 
Saturday  morning,  September  28,  there  were  parades  up 
Iway  and  down  Fifth  Avenue.  For  twenty-odd  blocks 
Avenue  had  received  a  remarkable  decorative  treatment 
it  will  wear  throughout  the  campaira.  Each  lamp-post 
a  long  streamer  with  the  legend  "  We  Fight ;  You  Lend." 
end  of  a  block  is  marked  by  a  large  banner  bearing  the 
of  an  Allied  country  whose  flag  is  hung  all  along  the 
from  the  second  and  fourth  floors  of  the  buildings,  while 
ilar  flag  in  much  laiger  size  is  suspended  across  the 
at  the  middle  of  the  block ;  from  the  third-story  windows 
iberty  Loan  banner  is  displayed. 

the  same  morning  the  Liberty  Altar,  designed  by  Thomas 
igB,  the  eminent  architect,  and  occupying  100  by  25  feet 
dwon  Square,  was  dedicated.  It  is  to  be  the  focal  point  of 
rious  events  scheduled  to  occur  in  New  York  City  during 
inpaign,  and  during  the  days  which  have  elapsed  since 
mpaign  began  has  already  been  the  scene  of  many  note- 
Y  addresses. 

lar  AND  BUY! 

•ingf  the  coming  fiscal  year  the  budget  of  the  United  States 
nment  calls  for  appropriations  amounting  to  twenty-foor 


billions  of  dollars,  an  incredibly  large  sum.  Of  this  amount 
eight  billions  are  to  come  from  taxation.  The  other  sixteen 
billions  must  come  from  the  sale  of  bonds.  The  present  loan  is 
the  first  drive  in  the  direction  of  that  sixteen  billions. 

While  the  first  and  overwhelming  motive  in  buying  Liberty 
Bonds  should  be  to  support  our  soldiers,  no  matter  at  what 
cost,  it  must  not  be  forgotten,  first,  that  every  Liberty  Bond 
will  be  paid  back  in  cash  to  the  holder  with  more  than  savings 
bank  interest ;  and,  second,  that  a  large  part  of  this  almost 
uncountable  sum  of  money  is  being  spent  by  the  Government 
not  in  war  waste  but  in  {)ermanent  improvements,  such  assUps, 
warehouses,  railway  equipment,  farm  development,  etc  This 
Mr.  Theodore  Price  demonstrated  in  a  notable  article  in  The 
Outlook  for  September  25. 

But  in  buying  Liberty  Bonds  we  Aniericans  are  not,  after 
all,  thinking  of  their  value  in  dollars  and  cents,  but  of  their 
value  in  the  lives  and  work  of  our  soldiers  and  sailors. 

One  of  the  most  striking  advertisements  of  the  Liberty  Loan 
Committee  "  specially  originated  and  produced  by  members  of 
the  American  £n)editionary  Force  "  is  entitled  "  Think,"  and 
is  illustrated  by  we  dramatically  drawn  figure  of  a  wounded 
American  soldier,  the  artist  being  himself  a  soldier.  We  have 
seen  no  more  effective  statement  of  the  concrete  reasons  for 
buying  Liberty  Bonds  than  is  contained  in  the  letterpress  of 
this  sMdier  advertisement,  and  therefore  we  reproduce  it  here ; 


nni|'|y-|1^  of  the  colonel  of  a  Yankee  regiment  who  led  his 
•'-"■U-'*-  boys  into  the  attack,  and  who,  when  he  found  one 
of  them  in  trouble  with  his  machine  gun,  fixed  it  and  fired  it 
with  his  own  hands. 

'T^I-l'Ifll^  of  the  sergeant  who  dropped  as  his  platoon  was 
•*•  •"■'•**■'*■  rnshine  a  deadly  woods.  He  called  out  as  he  died : 
"  They've  got  me,  boys !   Go  on  and  give  them  hell !" 

'I^hinlc  **^  ^^  Signal  Corps  men  crouching  low  while  the 
shells  tore  down  their  telephone  wires,  and  mshing 
out  to  repair  them  while  the  shelling  was  still  at  its  height 

T^IiIYiIj.  of  little  Corporal  Jerry — submitting  with  ill-con- 
•*•  *^  cealed  impatience  while  his  pal  from  the  Hospital 

Corps  dressed  a  wound  in  his  forehead.  He  was  bandaged  so 
that  all  you  could  see  of  his  head  was  half  of  his  left  eye,  and  he 
was  put  down  by  the  roadside  to  wait  his  turn  back  in  the 
ambulance.  A  moment  later  a  lieutenant  caught  him  stealing 
away,  rifle  in  hand.  "  Just  ten  minutes,"  he  begged,  "  just  ten 
minutes.  I  haven't  killed  one  yet  and  I  must.  Just  ten  mmntes." 

'T^'U'!w|'K.  of  another  wounded  man  who  escaped  from  the 
-UXlllV.  Jreggjug  station  and  was  later  found  nnconsoioiis  on 
the  road.  It  was  the  road  leading  into  the  battle. 

'I^hinlr  *''  ^^^  doughboy  found  dead  on  the  battlefield  of 
■*--^^^**-  the  Mame,  who  scrawled  «  For  Grod  and  country  " 
on  his  gas  mask  before  he  died. 

'T^I^'U.  of  these  men,  think  of  all  their  brothers  in  the 
•*•  -"J-**-**-  grreat  army  of  grit,  think — and  go  deep  into  your 
pocket  for  the 

FOURTH  LIBERTY  LOAN 


THE  COLLAPSE  OF  BULGARIA 

The  total  surrender  of  Bulgaria  is  evidence  of  an  economic 
and  political  collapse  as  truly  as  it  is  of  a  crushing  military 
defeat.  It  may  even  be  a  question  whether  the,  astonishingly 
wealc  resistance  made  by  the  Bulgarian  armies  against  the  l^r- 

301        J 

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BULOARIA  AND  H£K  NKIOHBORS 
Note  eKpaatlij  the  oonnes  ol  the  riven  u  related  to  the  militiry  defeat  of  BtUgaria  at  deaoribed  below.  From  Sofia,  Bnlgaria'a  c^rftal,  throog-h  Miah  to  Belfied^ 

Serbia'a  capital,  b  about  two  bandred  mile*.'  Rmnaoia  is  diieotly  north  of  Bnlgaria 

bian  and  French  forces  under  General  Franchet  d'Esperey  was 
the  cause  or  the  result  of  Bulgaria's  determination  to  quit  what 
she  had  come  to  believe  was  tor  her  a  losing  war.  There  never 
has  been  much  concealment  of  the  fact  that  from  the  b^finning 
Bulgaria  has  played  for  her  own  hand  alone ;  she  entered  the 
war  aa  Grermany's  side  because  Germany  promised  her  Mace- 
donia and  other  longed-for  prizes  if  the  Central  Powers  won  the 
war ;  she  leaves  the  war  because  she  has  lost  ftuth  in  Ger- 


many's success,  because  she  has  not  been  supported  by  German 
troops,  and  because  her  own  internal,  economic,  and  political 
conmtions  are  disturbing.  Here,  then,  we  have  a  striking  proof 
that  Germany's  force  is,  as  has  been  stud,  "  crumbling  at  the 


Austria  may  follow  Bulgaria's  example ;  she  also  has  lost  faith 
in  Germany's  promises,  aotii  Austria  and  Bulgaria  unquestion- 
ably expected  military  support  this  year  from  Germany — :the 
first  against  Italy,  the  second  against  the  Allied  army  in  the 
Balkans ;  they  did  not  get  it.  Not  that  Germany  is  indifferent 
to  the  importance  of  the  situation  in  Italy  and  the  Near  East ; 
Gennany  simply  cannot  spare  men  and  munitions  from  the 
western  front  m  the  face  of  General  Foch's  fierce  and  continu- 
ous attacks. 

What  does  the  surrender  of  Bulgaria — for  it  was  nothing 
less — import  ?  The  poeBible  consequence  and  opportunities  for 
the  Allies  are  fiir-reaching  indeed.  In  the  first  putce,  the  Allies 
at  a  stroke  have  cut  in  two  with  a  belt  of  non-Teutonic  occupa- 
tion that  "  Mittel  Europa "  which  had  been  an  existing  fact. 
This  means  that  Turkey  has  lost  her  chief  line  of  communication 
with  Austria  and  Germany — not  her  only  line,  but  by  far  the 
most'  direct  and  tiie  best.  As  we  write,  October  1,  there  is  a 
strong  and  growing  o{nnion  that  Turkey  must  f<^ow  Bulgaria's 
example.  'Ae  crudiing  defeat  Turkey  has  just  experienced  in 
Palestine  from  GenetaT  Allenby's  forces  has  wiped  out  of  e|dst- 
enoe  great  TurUdi  amies.  ■■  Now  her  northern  frontier>  i»  Haid 
bare  By llie  defection  of  hev  leauat  aUy  and  old  and  bitter  enem^, 
Bulgaria.  Toricey,  too^  it  seems  oertaSo,  has  called  in  vain 
upon  Gennany  for  more  military  aid.  If  Turkey  does  not  now 


surrender,  it  is  merely  a  question  of  military  policy  whether  tit 
Allies  can  best  use  their  large  forces  in  Greece  and  Macedonn 
against  Turkey,  or  northwud  toward  the  Danube,  or  in  b(^ 
directions.  If  Turkey  collapses  by  surrender  or  through  fom. 
the  Dardanelles  are  opened  to  the  Allies,  the  Black  Sea  can  bt 
reached,  and  the  possibilities  in  the  direction  of  a  part  of  whai 
was  Russia  but  is  now  dominated  by  Germany  are  immense. 

Turning  northward,  the  possible  results  of  the  Bolgami 
collapse  are  of  the  largest  and  most  important  chancts. 
If  there  is  any  one  thing  tiiat  the  Allies  desire,  both  for  tbt 
sake  of  the  war  and  for  the  sake  of  human  iustioe,  it  is  tk 
restoration  of  Serbia.  Only  the  restoration  of  Belgium  couU 
send  a  greater  thrill  through  the  world.  One  must  not  ignore 
the  difficulties  in  the  way,  but  the  success  of  General  d^Esperei 
in  Macedonia  and  the  withdrawal  of  the  Bulgarian  armies  a. 
Macedonia  and  Serbia  have  changed  the  position  enormoodj 
It  may  well  be  argued  that  Gennany  and  Austria  will  find  s 
more  of  a  task  than  they  can  carry  to  oppose  the  Allies'  amua 
in  the  Balkans  without  weakening  their  western  front  fatally. 


THE  DEFEAT  AND  THE  SURRENDER 

A  month  ago  most  military  critics  shook  their  heads  v 
to  immediate  prospects  of  success  in  the  Balkans.  Moontais 
passes  were  the  only  means  of  advance.  The  physical  difficnhift 
of  the  country  gave  the  enemy  tremendous  opportonities  ia 
defense.  But  the  Serbian  army,  which  has  now  added  to  tk 
prestige  and  glory  of  its  former  fighting,  drovb  forward  bee. 
Monastir,  with  assistance  from  the  French,  defeated,  .the  Jba 
«uian8  in  tiie  passes,  forced  its  way  into  the  valley  of  thr 
Cema  (see  map),  pushed  forward  'to  the  inuctioD  of  the  Cei 
and  theVardar,  crossed  the  Vardaf,  took  Strumiiza  t*  tlie  eas, 
and  advanced  rapidly  to  the  north  itiuoi^h  Vdes  tm  Uakitv 
whence  a  comparatively 'easy  road  leach  along  the  Momn 
•Biver  to  Nwh,  If  they  were  able  to  teach  NiBh,>the  xsilm; 
between  iB41grade  ana- Sofia,  would  be  cut;  theadvanee^ 
Usknb  divided  the  western  and  eastern  armies  of  the  Bulgarias: 


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oogk 


1918 


THE    OUTLOOK 


203 


the  cutting  of  the  Vardar  River  boxed  up,  so  to  speak,  the 
Bulsarian  forces  on  the  lower  Vardar,  so  that  many  uiousands 
of^uem  were  captured,  while  others  had  to  escape  through 
the  monntains  eastward. 

A  more  complete  smash-up  of  large  armies  has  hardly  occurred 
daring  this  war.  The  victory  of  General  Allenby  in  Palestine 
was  quite  as  complete,  but  its  military  and  political  consequences 
were  by  no  means  as  great.  The  German  defeat  of  Rumania 
was  as  complete,  but  it  took  much  longer  and  was  made  possi- 
ble by  circumstances  beyond  Rumania's  control.  Rumania  itself, 
it  shoold  not  be  forgotten,  may  be  brought  again  into  the  war 
on  the  side  of  the  AlSes  by  the  Bulgarian  collapse.  It  is  beyond 
question  that  she  will  fight  aeain  if  she  can,  but  General 
TOO  Mackensen  is,  we  understand,  at  the  head  of  German  forces 
in  northern  Bulgaria  and  Rumania,  and  it  is  impossible  to  pre- 
dict the  exact  course  of  events.  There  have  been  many  rumors 
lately,  even  before  the  surrender  of  Bulgaria,  that  Rumania  was 
on  t£e  point  of  revolting  against  the  German  rule. 

The  transfer  of  Bulgaria  from  the  list  of  combatants  against 
the  Allies  into  a  neutral  country  took  barely  two  days.  At  noon, 
on  MiHiday,  September  3Qi,  Bulgaria  ceased  to  be  an  enemy  of 
the  Allies.  The  terms  went  .beyond  the  ordinary  conditions  of 
an  unconditional  surrender.  As  stated,  apparently  from  official 
sources,  in  the  London  "  Times  "  of  October  1,  the  terms  of  the 
military  agreement  are  as  follows : 

It  18  clear,  from  ita  aaneni  features,  that  it  places  Balgaria 
completelr  under  Allied  control.  It  therefore  involves  a  breach 
be^een  Balzaria  and  Turkey  on  one  hand,  and  between  her  and 
the  Central  Powers  on  the  oUier. 

The  main  terms  are  that  the  Bulffarian  army  shall  be  imme«  . 
diately  demobilized ;  its  arms  and  munition  stores  placed  in 
AlKea  control ;  all  dreek  and  Serbian  territory  still  occupied  by 
Bulgarian  troops  evacuated ;  and  all  Bolearian  means  oi  trans- 
portation, incloding  ships  on  the  Danube,  be  placed  at  Allied 
dispoaal  for  operations  against  the  enemy.  Provision  is  made  for 
Allied  occupation  and  ose  of  points  withm  Bulgarian  territory  of 
strategic  value. 

The  agreement  is  essentially  military,  and  does  not  appear  to 
deal  with  political  issues,  and  leaves  the  frontier  question  in  sus- 
pense. These  questions  can  only  be  decided  as  part  of  the  general 
peace  terms,  and  for  the  moment,  at  any  rate,  Bulgaria's  south- 
ern borders  will  be  those  of  1913. 

A  sound  and  valuable  comment  on  the  situation  is  that  writ- 
ten by  the  military  critic  of  the  New  York  "  Times  "  before  the 
armistice  was  requested  by  Bulgaria : 

A  separate  peace,  however,  may  be  a  trap,  a  delusion.  If  Bul- 
garia and  Tarkey  were  to  make  peace  with  the  Allies  and  resnme 
Uieir  former  status  of  neutrals,  holding  diplomatic  and  commer- 
cial intercourse  again  both  with  Germany  and  with  the  Allies, 
the  advantage  would  rest  wiUi  Grermany  and  not  with  the  Allies. 
Exactly  the  same  thing  applies  with  eaual  force  to  Austria. .  .  . 
If  such  a  peace  were  made,  the  net  result  would  be  that  Germany 
would  benefit  by  all  of  our  commercial  dealings  with  her  erst- 
while allies,  she  would  get  whatever  she  wanted  of  the  food  and 
other  sup^es  tiiat  we  sent  them  or  that  they  obtained  &om  other 
sources,  llierefore  in  speaking  of  a  separate  peace  in  these 
columns,  the  kind  of  peace  to  which  I  refer  is  peace  through 
unconditional  surrender,  peace  through  the  unqualified  accept- 
ance of  the  terms  which  we  propose  to  make  ;  and  these  terms, 
as  long  as  Germany  continues  to  be  our  enemy,  must  be  such  that 
we  shwl  be  able  to  make  the  territory  of  her  allies  belligerent 
territory  for  our  purposes,  so  that  we  can  reach  Germany  from 
various  rides.  In  this  way,  and  only  in  this  way,  can  a  separate 
peace  with  Grermany's  alues  be  to  our  advantage. 

The  terms  made  with  Bulgaria  appear  to  comply  with  the 
principles  thus  set  forth. 


THE  WESTERN  FRONT  ABLAZE 

General  Foch  in  the  last  week  of  September  splendidly 
iDnstrated  his  purpose  as  it  was  indicated  in  a  recent  interview. 
In  this  interview  he  said :  "  The  enemy  is  shaken  up  and  shaken 
down^dmt  is  still  holding  out.  You  must  not  think  that  we  shall 
get  t6  the  Rhine  immediately.  We  have  passed  over,  the  crest 
and  are  now  goingido^tn  hill.  I£  we  gather  impetus  as  we  go, 
hke  a  rolling  Iball,  «>  niudh  the  betterT'  i 

It  would  be  hard  to  name  a  sector  of.  any  length  between  , 
Vecdatiaad  the  ELngliah  Channel  where  the- Allies  did  not 

I  .1  iU.ium!,      '  .,      iv.'ldl;- 


attack,  and  reattack,  and  gain,  during  the  week  endine 
October  1.  Particularly  noteworthy  was  the  advance  of  BeH 
gium's  brave  and  persistent  army  on  the  northern  sector  of  the 
fine.  By  it  a  salient  has  been  driven  directiy  east  past  Dixmude 
to  Roulers,  which,  as  we  write,  is  reported  to  have  been  taken. 
This  attack  was  perhaps  less  expected  by  the  Germans  than 
any  of  the  others.  In  a  congratulatory  tel^fram  sent  by  General 
Haig  to  King  Albert,  he  speaks  of  it  as  producing  "  magnificent 
results,"  and  as  part  of  "  tne  most  successful  day  for  the  Alfied 
armies  on  the  western  front." 

Farther  south  the  British  struck  towards  Cambrai,  described 
as  now  so  battered  as  to  be  of  absolutely  no  value  to  Germany, 
and  struck  also  both  north  and  south  of  St.  Qnentin.  In  the 
movement  north  of  St  Quentin  the  Americans  and  the 
Australians  distinguished  themselves.  Reports  in  American  • 
mipers,  apparentiy  8emi^)fficial  in  character,  said  that  the 
Twenty-seventh  IMvision  (one  of  the  New  York  divisions) 
has  been  fighting  in  this  sector.  Still  going  south  on  the 
western  line,  we  find  the  French  launching  a  new  attack  in 
the  region  between  the  Yesle  and  Aisne  Rivers,  and  also  taking 
possession  of  part  of  the  famous  Ladies'  Road.  Following  the 
line  as  it  turns  eastward,  we  see  ihat  both  French  and  Ameri- 
cans have  fought  with  success  against  fierce  resistance  in  the 
Argonne  Forest  sector,  the  French  to  the  west,  the  Americans 
imdiar  General  Pershing  to  the  east.  Probably  our  troops  in  this 
advance  west  of  Verdun  and  east  of  the  Argonne  have  seen  the 
most  severe  fighting  that  the  Americans  have  encountered  in 
the  war.  Their  capture  of  Montfauoon  and  Dannevonx  and 
other  toMms  marked  a  valuable  advance.  Despite  the  desperate 
German  defense  in  this  sector,  both  Americans  and  French  have 
driven  their  lines  forward. 

If  we  compare  the  entire  movement  of  the  week  to  that  of 
an  enormous  pair  of  pincers,  then  the  British  advance  on  the 
line  from  Cambru  to  St.  Quentin  might  be  considered  as  one 
end  of  the  pincers,  and  the  French  and  American  advance  in 
the  Argonne  as  the  other  end.  Some  observers  see  here  evi- 
dence of  a  large-scale  strategy  that,  if  continued  and  successful, 
must  drive  the  Germans  to  retire  to  an  entirely  new  line. 

After  the  wiping  out  of  the  St.  Mihiel  safient,  the  question 
was  asked  on  every  hand.  Where  will  the  next  attack  take 
place  ?  As  sector  after  sector  came  into  action,  the  question 
chaoffed  and  became.  Which  of  these  is  the  real  attack  and 
which  are  feigned  ?  The  news  of  the  week  under  consideration 
(September  24  to  October  1)  seems  to  give  the  reply  that  all 
the  attacks  were  serious  and  none  of  them  a  feint. 

Neither  what  has  happened  in  Bulgaria  nor  what  has  hap- 
pened on  the  western  front  ought  for  a  moment  in  any  mind  to 
produce  the  feeling  that  the  victory  is  won.  Now,  more  than 
ever,  there  is  need  for  putting  every  available  man,  pound  of 
munitions,  and  dollar  of  money  into  the  effort.  "  Force  to  the 
utmost "  is  called  for  now  even  more  than  before.  Any  slacking 
in  effort  is  simply  playing  the  German  game.  The  best  argtiment 
for  buying  Liberty  Bonds  is  the  new  war  situation.  The  way  to 
make  the  war  short  is  to  make  it  hot. 


WOMAN  SUFFRAGE 

In  Congress  the  House  of  Representatives  by  a  substantial 
vote  has  already  approved  the  resolution  which  will  submit  to 
the  various  States  for  their  ratification  an  amendment  to  the 
United  States  Constitution  giving  complete  suffrage  to  the 
women  of  the  country  on  the  same  terms  as  to  men.  Before 
this  amendment  to  tiie  Constitution  could  go  to  the  separate 
States  the  resolution  must  have  been  adopted  bythe  United 
States  Senate,  which  has  now  defeated  the  proposaL  The  majority 
of  the  Senate  is  in  favor  of  the  resolution,  but  the  adoption  of 
a  Constitutional  amendment  requires  a  two-thirds  vote.  There 
are  ninety-six  Senators.  To  pass  the  resolution,  therefore,  sixty- 
four  affirmative  votes  are  required.  Until  within  a  few  days  of 
this  writing  (October  2)  the  suffrage  advocates  believed  that 
there  were  just  sixty-four  favorable  votes  in  the  Senate,  but  an 
alleged  change  of  position  of  two  Senators  who  had  been  counted 
upon  to  vote  for  suffrage  put  the  resohititm'  in  jeopardy.  On 
Monday  of  last  week  twenty-nine  Democrats  and  thirty-two 
Republioahs  were  believed  tofawor  tbesoffrage  amendment,  while- 
twenty-itwo  J)en)ocats  and  twelve  Republicans  were  thought  to 


t| 


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204 


THE   OUTLOOK 


oppose  it.  In  tliis  critical  situation  President  Wilson  determined 
to  address  the  Senate  personally  and  urge  the  adoption  of  the 
suffrage  amendment.  On  that  day  he  appeared  before  the  Senate, 
:and  in  a  short  but  telling  message,  which  he  read  from  manu- 
script, gave  what  he  believed  to  be  urgent  reasons  why  the  Senate 
should  follow  the  example  of  the  House  and  approve  the  rest)- 
lution.  He  repeated  what  he  had  said  a  few  days  before  in  New 
York,  that  this  is  a  people's  war,  a  war  to  establish  throughout 
the  world  the  principles  of  democracy.  "  Through  many,  many 
channels  I  have  been  made  aware  what  the  plain,  struggling, 
workaday  folk  are  thinking,  upon  whom  the  chief  terror  and 
suffering  of  this  tragic  war  falls.  They  are  looking  to  the  great, 
powerfm,  famous  democracy  of  the  W  est  to  lead  them  to  the 
new  day  for  which  they  have  so  long  waited ;  and  they  think, 
in  their  logical  simplicity,  that  democracy  means  that  women 
shall  play  their  part  in  affairs  alongside  men  and  upon  an  equal 
footing  with  them." 

For  this  reason  the  President  regards  the  equal  enfranchise- 
ment of  women  as  a  necessary  war  measure : 

This  war  could  not  have  been  fought,  either  by  the  other 
nations  engaged  or  by  America,  if  it  had  not  been  for  the  ser- 
vices of  toe  women^ — 8ervtce»  rendered  in  every  sphere — not 
merely  in  the  fields  of  effort  in  which  we  have  been  accustoined 
to  see  them  work,  but  wherever  men  have  worked  and  upon  the 
very  skirts  and  edges  of  the  battle  itself.  AVe  shall  not  only  be 
distrusted  but  shall  deserve  to  be  distrusted  if  we  do  not  enfran- 
chise them  with  the  fullest  possible  enfranchisement,  as  it  is 
now  certain  that  the  other  great  free  nations  will  enfranchise 
them.  ...  I  tell  yon  plainly  that  this  measure  which  I  urge 
upon  you  is  vital  to  the  winnmg  of  the  war  and  to  the  energies 
aSke  of  preparation  and  of  batue. 

It  is  known  that  the  President  has  held  these  views  for  a 
long  time.  Last  July  he  wrote  to  Senator  Shields,  of  Tennessee, 
who  had  objected  to  the  suffrage  amendment,  urging  him  to 
support  it  on  the  ground  that  it  was  an  essential  war  measure. 

Although  the  power  and  justice  of  the  President's  address 
have  been  generally  recognized  throughout  the  country,  its  effect 
upon  the  Senate  was  not  what  the  suffrage  advocates  anticipated. 
They  hoped  that  enough  of  the  Democratic  Senators  opp(»ed  to 
equal  suffrage  could  be  persuaded  that  party  considerations,  if 
no  higher  reasons,  justified  them  in  abandoning  their  theoretical 
or  temperamental  opposition  and  in  following  the  President's 

¥iidance  and  advice.  But  when  the  issue  came  to  a  vote  on 
uesday,  October  1,  it  failed  of  passage  by  a  recorded  vote  of 
53  for  ^e  resolution  and  31  against  it.  It  is  interesting  to  note 
that  there  were  more  Republican  votes  than  Democratic  recorde<l 
in  favor  of  the  resolution.  The  Democratic  leaders,  such  as 
Senator  Underwood  and  Senator  Overman,  in  spite  of  the 
President's  urgency,  voted  against  the  resolution. 


WORK   AND  FIGHT 

An  enormous  office  building  covering  fifteen  acres  and 
planned  to  accommodate  fifteen  tliousand  employees  of  the  War 
and  Navy  Departments  has  during  the  past  summer  been 
erected  on  public  ground  adjacent  to  Potomac  Park  within 
ten  minutes  walk  of  the  White  House  in  Waahington.  This 
building,  the  largest  of  its  kind  in  the  country,  is  now  nearing 
completion.  Before  the  leaves  have  fallen  from  the  trees  it 
will  be  a  vast  hive  of  rictivity.  This  building,  which  is  of 
semi-permanent  constmction,.  was  erected  in  record  time 
under  the  direction  of  the  Bureau  of  Yards  and  Docks,  Navy 
Department. 

Unique  methods  were  used  to  accomplish  this  end.  The  War 
Industries  Board  rushed  the  orders  for  materials,  but,  as  the 
engineer  in  charge  declares,  it  was  the  men  that  put  it  through. 
Thei-e  were  approximately  thirty-five  hundred  laborers  on  this 
job,  and  no  effort  was  spared  to  make  them  realize  tliat  they 
were  a  part  of  the  gfreat  army  fighting  the  war  for  democracy. 

On  July  8  a  strange  flag  was  raised  on  one  of  the  two  skeleton 
towers ;  it  was  the  "  job  flag,"  showing  that  the  half-way  point 
had  been  passed  and  a  good  job  done  to  date ;  that  there  was, 
in  fact,  not  a  slacker  on  the  work. 

To  keep  the  men  "  fit "  barracks  were  built,  and  each  man 
had  a  place  to  "  fix  up "  and  call  his  own.  Good  times  were 
provided,  and  not  always  after  working  hours.   A  iptart  was 


made  by  having  the  whistle  blow  at  eleven  o'clock  some  iiioni- 
ings  and  getting  the  foremen  to  talk  to  the  men  about  the  jol>. 
These  talks  grew  into  great  mass-meetings.  Men  gathered  from 
every  section  of  the  fifteen  acres  covered  by  the  building,  a 
Navy  band  played,  and  the  men  marched  in  companies  to  thf 
meeting.  Each  company  had  its  own  banner  indicating  the  kind 
of  work  that  the  members  of  the  company  were  doing.  Big  men 
came  to  talk  to  them. 

In  addition  to  these  patriotic  meetings  there  were  baseball 
games  between  regular  teams,  boxing  bouts,  and  dancing  con- 
tests. Many  of  tlie  men  are  forty-cents-an-hour  laborers  and 
not  a  few  are  Negroes.  Some  of  these  are  fine  dancers,  and 
those  who  won  the  prize  m  a  '"  buck  and  wing  "  conte&t  on  this 
job  are  said  to  have  earned  it. 

This  is  not  all.  To  get  the  message  "  over  "  to  the  men,  to 
make  them  i*ealize  the  part  that  they  are  taking  in  winning 
the  war,  a  special  artist  was  employed.  Last  JiUy  Gerrit  A. 
Beneker  was  appointed  to  this  position,  with  the  title  of  "  Ex- 
pert Aid,  Navy  Department."  It  has  been  his  business  to  make 
posters  that  would  speak  through  the  direct  and  universal  lan- 
guage of  art  to  the  men  on  the  job ;  to  illustrate  the  weekly 
paper,  the  "  Mixer,"  published  on  the  work  ;  and  in  every  way 
to  strengthen  the  morale  and  expedite  progress. 

This  18  one  of  the  first  instances  in  which  an  artist  has  been 
so  employed,  and  it  is  good  to  know  that  his  servic^es  have  been 
found  vfuuable. 

Mr.  Beneker  has  made  seven  striking  posters  which  have 
been  reproduced  in  color  and  given  out  to  the  men  as  folded 
insets  with  the  work  paper.  They  have  therefore  gone  to  many 
of  the  workinemen's  homes,  and  in  a  striking  way  have  em- 
phasized the  value  and  nobility  of  labor.  The  originab  of  the 
posters  have  been  passed  over  to  the  Department  of  Labor,  and 
will  probably  be  reproduced  in  full  color,  large  size,  for  distri- 
bution throughout  the  country.  We  reproduce  <Hie  of  the  posters 
on  another  page. 

This  kind  of  art  is  understood  by  the  workingman,  but  for 
this  reason  it  h  none  the  less  worthy.  In  fact,  it  is  through  such 
channels  as  this  that  art  to-day  is  again  finding  its  real  place. 

REAL  SOLDIERS    OF  THE  SOIL 

The  other  day  at  Camp  Dix  some  forty  men  sat  down  to  a 
"  harvest  luncheon."  Nearly  everything  on  the  tables  was  from 
the  war  garden  which  the  soldiers  had  planted  earlier  in  the 
summer.  The  Camp's  commander,  Major-General  Hu|^  L. 
Scott,  passed  the  garden's  string  beans  to  Charles  Lathrop  Pack, 
President  of  the  National  War  Garden  Commission,  which  bad 
made  the  Camp  Dix  demonstration  garden  possible.  Portraits  of 
General  Scott  and  Mr.  Pack  appear  in  an  illustration  on 
another  page.  Army  men  helped  themselves  to  the  com  on  the 
cob  which  had  been  taken  from  the  garden  that  morning.  The 
potatoes  had  been  dug  by  machinery.  Even  the  honey  was  from 
the  war  garden. 

Despite  the  late  stai*t,  the  Camp  Dix  garden  produced  crops 
valued  at  no  less  than  $25,000. 

Moreover,  the  garden  was  to  a  great  extent  a  clearing-house 
for  men  not  quite  ready  for  active  military  duty,  the  open  air 
bein?  just  the  prescription  for  soldiers  who  needed  a  little 
building  up.  To  show  what  the  garden  did  in  this  line,  it  may 
be  recorded  that  some  two  thousand  men  have  passed  through 
the  farm  work  division  since  the  garden  was  plated. 

There  are  also  other  elements  in  the  Camp  Dix  garden.  For 
instance,  581,000  poimds  of  hay  have  been  produc«l  there.  In 
one  field  broom  com  has  been  raised  and  a  uiousand  brooms  for 
the  oainp  will  be  forthcoming.  With  brooms  at  a  dollar  apiece 
in  the  open  market,  this  is  a  considerable  item. 

It  is  expected  that  next  year  thousands  of  acres  will  be  placed 
under  cidtivation  at  Army f camps  as  a  result  of  the  example  of 
this  demonstration  garden.  In  feeding  some  filfty  thousand  men 
at  each  camp  the  transportation  problem  has  been  of  course  a 
great  factor.  The  production  of  food  close  at  hand  means,  tlwre- 
fore,  a  large  economy. 

There  is  another  and  perhaps  an  equal  gain  when  health  is 
considered,  and  that  is  because  of  the  a1>solute  freshness  of  the 
garden  protlucts.  To  many  a  private  war  gardener  this  summer 
file  argument  of  freshness  of  prodncts  has  been  quite  as  much 


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CARTOONS      OF      THE     WEEK 


'ALLAH  IL  ALLAH.  FEIIDINAND;    BIT  THAT  GERMAN   OOTT— 


t^msf  in  tfif  Newark  Knniug  yews 


SOMKBODY'S  ON    THK    LINE! 


S()METilIN(rs  WliONG  WITH  THE  PLANS  OF  THE  CENTRAL  POWEllS  0\   BOTH  FRONTS 


From  Siniphcisstmiis  (Munich) 


From  Esjuella  [Barctloua,  Sjmin) 


As  cliiirit-1   ."I.-   iHuv    rijuMiiiti;,  tliH  aiitlinritii-s    li.n..     lU-ciiled  to 

ffipiliti*t«    (heir  (liHtribntion    l>y   nuiiihfi  iiiu  them.     It   is    huped 

(hat  th«  tank  will  Im*  ontnplcii-d  hy  Orl(il»»*r. 


'*  Where  lire  you  ^>inK  with  all  tliat 

*■  We  liiivean  iiivitHfioh  fnnii  fri»-inls 
for  hr**:ikf!isi." 


ISAVAHIAN  8ARCABM  ON  I'RrsWiAN   |tl  KKM  rUATH     .MK^H(H^^ 
THE    FtM)l)   PROHLKM    As   (JKIIM  AN,    KIIKNCII.  AVI>  SPAXIst!    CAK  !( KtNIS'IS  SHE    IT 


Uraakensiek  in  7>  Ainnttrdammer  (Anisterdati 
lloUnnd) 


<ieriiiaiua  :  "  Ktiou^h  1  eiiuiif^h  I   l!;»v»>  doiH'  !" 
I>t';iili:    ■■\oii  t'liii>ie    me  it-r  a   pitrluei- — >ou 
will  i-ontiiiiie  to  <liuii>e  ['^ 


(;ki;manv  s  ski  P'^7''^^i^>i{'FA**'' 


206 


THE  OUTLOOK 


9  Oeiokt 


of  an  inducement  to  work  early  and  late  out  of  doors  as  has 
been  that  of  the  saving  in  money. 

WIPING  "MADE  IN  GERMANY"  OFF  THE  MAP 

"  Let's  wipe  that  old  *  Made  in  Germany '  off  the  map." 
So  said  Dr.  Charles  H.  Herty,  Chairman  of  the  Advisory  Com- 
mittee of  the  Nati<Hial  Exposition  of  Chemical  Industries  at 
New  York  City,  to  a  representative  of  The  Outlook.   To  the 
man  in  the  street  as  well  as  to  the  technician  last  year's  Exposi- 
tion marked  an  unprecedented  development  in  chemistry,  but 
Dr.  Herty  declares  that  this  year's,  comprising  some  three  hun- 
dred and  fifty  (exhibits,  "  has  excelled  in  importance  and  in  the 
broad  relation  to  American  National  industrial  life  any  exposi- 
tion of  the  kind  ever  held."  The  speaker  then  particularized : 
The -serious  shortages  in  medicinals  and  dyestuffs  have  been 
rapidly  made  good ;  textiles  have  been  improved,  food  preserva- 
tion pat  upon  a  better  basis,  the  field  oi  electrometallurey  en- 
larged, ana  hitherto  neglected  wastes  converted  into  veuuable 
National  assets.   The  slow  processes  of  normal  times  would  not 
have  met  the  present  emergency. 

The  Exposition  was  opened  by  Dr.  Herty,  ex-President  of 
the  American  Chemical  Society,  with  an  address  in  which  he 
announced  that  our  Grovemment  has  become  the  greatest  manu- 
facturer of  chemicals  in  the  world.  Again  particularizing,  he 
said: 

We  gave  no  thought  to  the  efforts  which  might  be  required 
of  us  m  the  matter  of  poison-gas  production.  But  when  our 
authoiities  .  .  .  determined  to  meet  the  Grermans  with  their  own 
weapons  ...  it  became  necessanr  to  make  nse  of  every  avail- . 
able  means  for  manufacturing  tcxic  materiaL  .  .  .  The  Govern- 
ment turned  to  the  young  dye  industry  for  plants  and  trained 
organizations  to  augment  its  poison-gas  output,  and-  fl|4endtdly 
has  the  youne  indosby  responded.  .  .  .  Ir.  view  of  the  adapta- 
bility  of  the  dyesbaS  industry  to  such  serious  Nationid  needs,  it 
is  difficult  to  be  tntient  with*  many  of  our  mercantile  establish- 
ments which  still  insist  upon  placarding  their  counters  with  signs 
such  as, "  The  color  of  these  goods  cannot  be  guaranteed."  TVnat 
a  sweet  morsel  of  comfort  these  placards  are  to  the  enemy  ;  in 
effect,  an  effort  to  preserve  the  market  for  him  by  our  own  peo- 
ple, if  such  they  are ! 

As  the  dye  industry  has  been  definitely  Mrrested  from  Germany, 
she  has  now  but  one  monopoly  left — potash.  Yet  here  Dr.  Herty 
held  out  substantial  promise  in  saying:  "The  abundance  of 
raw  material  is  just  as  favorable  for  a  domestic  potash  industry 
as  was  the  case  in  the  coal-tar  chemical  industry "  (dyes  and 
medicinals^. 

Every  sightseer  was  impressed  by  evidences  of  the  indispensa- 
ble aid  given  to  the  Government  by  the  chemists;  evidence 
shown  in  the  gas-mask  exhibit,  for  instance,  as  continually 
demonstrated  by  four  patient  men  ;  in  the  adaptation  of  fruit 
pits  as  raw  material  for  making  the  absorbent  cnarooal  used  in 
the  respirators  ;  in  the  systems  of  blowing  poison  g;as  from  the 
dugouts  and  of  protecting  our  men  from  uquid  fire,  from  TNT 
and  other  high  explosives;  in  the  substances  for  imparting 
better  qualities  to  steel ;  in  the  Browning  machine  gun ;  and 
especially  in  the  motion  pictures  which  showed  how  chemistry 
had  increased  the  speed  of  the  manufacturer  of  munitiohs.  Up 
to  the  present  time  in  the  war,  on  the  western  front  two  tons 
of  ammunition  have  been  used  for  each  soldier  killed,  captured, 
or  seriously  wounded.  A  sufficient  increase  of  the  rate  at  which 
we  get  ammuniticm  to  the  frcmt  would  save  one  soldier  for  every 
two  tons  of  ammunition. 

The  Exposition  covered  the  history  of  chemical  science  in 
exhibiting  first  the  raw  material,  then  the  requisite  machinery 
from  simple  appliances  up  to  complete  plants  for  intricate 
operations,  and,  finally,  the  finished  product    The  value  of  a 

r's  trip  through  such  a  bewildering  place  was  doubled  by 
eagerness  of  attendants,  who  all  seemed  highly   trained 
experts,  to  explain  every  process. 


A  CHAMBER  MUSIC  FESTIVAL 

Festivals  of  choral  and  orchestral  music  are  not  unknown 
in  America,  though  not  so  regular  a  feature  of  our  musical  life 
as  of  England's ;  the  Bach  festivals  at  Bethlehem.  Peni^svlvania, 
and  tlie  annual  gatherings  at  Mr.  Carl  Stoeckel  s  Miisic  Sh^ 


in  Norfolk,  Connecticut,  have  made  the  idea  of  pe(^>Ie's  oomii; 
together  from  afar  to  make  or  enjoy  music  a  famifiar  one.  Botm 
September  1&-18  there  took  place  the  first  festival  ever  devoted 
entirely  to  the  purest,  most  exacting  form  of  music — music  fot 
the  string  quartette  and  other  smaU  Groups  of  instruments.  It 
was  offered  by  Mrs.  Frederick  S.  Coobdge,  founder  of  tk 
Berkshire  Quutette,  to  her  friends  of  Pittsfidd,  Maasadiuaette, 
and  to  well-known  musicians  gathered  from  a&r  in  a  **  Mnsr 
Temdjfi  "  built  especially  for  t£e  purpose  on  South  Mooniaii, 
near  Pittsfield.  Here  keenly  interested  and  often  deejdy  moTei 
audiences  gathered  for  three  days  to  listen  to  five  oonoerts :  one 
by  the  Berkshire  Quartette ;  one  by  the  Elshuoo  Trio ;  aae  by  lit 
Longy  Club,  of  Boston,  a  group  of  wood  wind  iDstrmneDb; 
one  by  the  Letz  Quartette ;  and  one  by  the  Berkshire  Quartette, 
assisted  by  the  Letz  Quartette.  Among  the  musicians  jpreaai 
were  Louise  Homer,  Susan  Metcalfe-Casals,  Franz  KndBd. 
Kieisler,  Zimbalist,  members  of  the  Kneisel,  Lets,  BerksluK, 
Flonzaley,  and  Olive  Mead  Quartettes ;  the  cmdaottns  Oat; 
Grabrilowitsch,  of  Detroit,  Frederick  Stock,  of  Chicago,  Kurt 
Schindler,  of  New  York ;  the  American  oomposers  Dsnl 
Stanley  Smith,  Daniel  Gregory  Mason,  Rubin  Goldmaik,  aod 
Henry  Holden  Huss. 

Much  interest  centered  in  the  performance  during  the  f estinl 
of  string  quartettes  by  American  composers,  Tadeusz  laxvM 
and  Alois  Reiser,  which  had  been  awarded  first  and  seoood 

Srizes  in  a  competition  for  which  a  first  prize  of  one  thousuil 
ollars  had  been  offered  by  Mrs.  Coolidee,  and  for  whidi  e^tjj 
two  manuscripts  had  been  submitted.  Mr.  larecki  is  a  Pole  on 
serving  in  the  Polish  Legion  in  France.  Mr.  Reiser,  bom  ii 
Prague,  is  cellist  and  assistant  conductor  at  the  Stnni 
Theater  in  New  York.  As  often  happens  in  priae  oompetitioajt 
^le  fiee^Kl  nriM^riawnr  -ms  a  more  original  and  poweifsl 
WQxk  l^an  ue  fint,  wUdi,  thoogh  skillfully  written  for  jiv 

"ultmwMiJwn  «^fe,"3Aid>hM  heemmtHtrnwAypeA.  Itisti 

be  hopad  Ami  next  txrae  tiie  Jod^ea — ^Meana.  Sqge 
Kurt  Sdundlffl,  and  Franz  Knoael — will  pay  hm 
manner  and  more  to  matter. 

As  Mr.  Rubin  G<ddmark  said  in  the  short  speech  in  whid 
at  the  end  of  the  last  concert  he  expressed  the  gratitude  of  tb 
audience,  it  was  deeply  solacing  to  be  able  still  to  find  in  tim 
tragic  days  such  inspiration  as  musical  art  alone  can  give.  In  tin 
helping  to  carry  it  on  intact  to  the  period  of  reconstmctki 
after  the  war  Mrs.  Coolidge  is  doing  a  finely  patriotic  aerrut 
For,  as  she  herself  said  in  ner  brief  response  to  Mr.  Goldmart 
"  in  keeping  art  alive  we  are  doing  what  we  best  can  to  sen* 
America." 


THE  NEW  CONDUCTOR  OF  THE 
BOSTON  SYMPHONY  ORCHESTRA 

Ever  since  Karl  Muck's  resignation  the  Boston  Symphec 
Orchestra  has  been  without  a  conductor.  Unable  to  find  a  p* 
manent  conductor,  it  .has  engaged  a  temporary  one  in  a 
person  of  Pierre  Monteux.  TjUC  change  of  name  indicaia>  tfa 
the  Boston  Orchestra  is  no  longer  to  perpetuate  the  uotiao  tlf 
only  a  Teuton  can  conduct  symphony  concerts — indeed,  i 
names  of  Toscanini,  Lamoureux,  and  Chevillard  have  Hlreat 
sufficiently  proved  the  contrary. 

While  welcoming  to  his  repertory  classical  Grerman  mifl 
M.  Monteux  bans  German  music  by  living  authora,  also  I 
music  of  Wagner,  and  for  these  reasons,  as  explained  is  i 
interview  just  published  in  the  Boston  "  Herald : 

I  will  do  anything  to  help  win  the  struggle,  and  if  ,auiy  on 
can  convince  me  that  the  end  will  be  brought  nearer  l>y  girin 
up  the  classics  of  German  music — Beethoven,  Mozart,'  HMjii. 
Schumann,  Schubert,  Brahms — 1  am  willing  tb  give  tlteiD  ^ 
So  far,  however,  I  cannot  see  how  the  silencing  of  the  moak 
thes^  masters  can  do  thri  leaM  to  help  win  the  wtv,  anci  it  is  l, 
purpose  (as  it  is  the  purpose,  I  am  sbxe,  of  ail  Frdnch  ooOMlaeiw* 
to  g^e  the  great  ctasncs  due  plaeeon  concert  piosmaui 
Personally,  I  will  not  play  Wagner,  ^or  will  I  phy  U>e  wvik 
,  of  any  Uying  Grerman  or  Austrian  composer.  ...  I  vCU 
^y,'VV%gner  because  of , bis  pitdtude  toward  France  in  tlk«  iva. . 
wO-71.  Moreover,  lo?|ked  at  from  anotherpoint  of  riew^,  mvi 
of  the  best  music  tlia't" Wagner  wrote — "The  Ring"  'nand  "Pi 
Digitized  by  VJWVJV  IV^ 


»18 


THE  OUTLOOK 


207 


Meistenuaser  " — h  in  glorification  of  Grerman  ideals  as  found 
in  Uie  Kuaur  of  to-day. 

M.  Montenx  holds,  reports  the  "  Herald,"  that  the  music  of 
lie  best  German  and  Austrian  composers  of  the  past  has  become 
le  property  of  the  whole  world  and  that  this  music  is  an  inte- 
nd and  neceaeary  part  of  the  repertory  of  musicians.  In 
mewing  the  names  of  such  composers,  that  of  Beethoven 
robably  springs  quickest  to  the  lips,  and  of  him  M.  Monteux 
SB  to  say  that,  at  heart  republican,  Beethoven,  if  still  living, 
ould  doubtless  be  against  the  war. 

The  French  oonduotor  then  proceeded  to  pay  his  respects  to 
Jchard  Strauss: 

I  particulatly  specifically  object  to  the  performance  of  any 
music  of  Richard  Btranss  during  the  war. 

I  believe  I  was  the  first  one  in  this  country  to  refuse  to  play 
the  music  of  Strauss.  That  was  two  years  ago,  when  I  came  to 
this  country  as  conductor  for  the  Ballet  Rosse.  Arriving  in  New  • 
York,  diey  told  me  that  my  first  work  was  to  superintend  and 
direct  the  first  performance  in  this  country  of  the  oallet  founded 
on  "  Tin  Enlenspiegel,"  whereupon  I  informed  the  management 
that  I  would  take  the  next  diip  oack  to  France. 

It  was  my  fortune  in  May,  1914,  to  prepare  for  Strauss  the 
production  in  Paris  of  his  ballet  "  Joseph."  This  was  a  little  more 
than  two  months  before  the  beginning  of  the  war.  Strauss's 
attitude  toward  France,  French  art,  French  music,  and  French 
musicians  was  even  then  unbearable.  He  was  arrogant  and 
insulting,  and,  even  without  war,  I  was  almost  persuadra  to  g^ve 
up  playmg  his  music;  hot,  in  view  of  what  followed,  Strauss 
became  impossible  for  me. 

A  contract  with  the  Metropolitan  Opera  Company  makes  it 
possible  for  M.  Monteux  to  remain  with  the  Boston  Sym- 
ony  throughout  the  entire  coming  season.  This  short  conduo- 
rship,  however,  will  doubtless  awaken  much  interest  and  add 
the  high  reputation  of  the  Boston  Symphony'Conoerts. 


(ONT" 

Don't  crowd.  Don't  jam  the  entrances  of  railways,  theaters, 
md  places  of  assembly. 

Don't  put  unclean  taings  into  your  mouth.  Don't  eat  or  drink 
n  dirty  places.  Don't  eat  without  first  washing  the  hands. 

Don  t  expose  yourself  to  cold  or  wet.  Don't  over-exert  Avoid 
Jl  excesses. 

Don't  go  out  if  feeling  unwell.  Take  care.  Keep  fit. 

Don't  forget  to  xise  your  handkerchief,  covering  mouth  when 
oushing  or  sneezing. 

l5on't  worry. 

Phe  italics  are  our  own.  The  above  "  don'ts  "  are  taken  from 

New  York  "  Globe,"  to  which  we  add  a  few  from  Health 
aunissioner  Copeland,  of  New  York  City.  They  are: 

Proper  selection  of  food,  and  exercise  in  the  open  air,  par. 
culATiy  walking,  are  helpnd  in  making  one's  resistance  to  the 
iseaae  stronger. 

r>ry  sweeping  on  the  platforms  of  subway  and  elevated  sta- 
ooBy  in  factories  and  stores,  as  well  as  other  public  places,  ^d 
te  Afiaklng  of  rugs  in  public  places,  are  daneerous. 

So  far  as  possible,  avoid  becoming  fatigued. 

LS  may  be  imagined,  these  rules  have  special  application  at 
time  when  the  malady  known  as  "  Spanish  influenza  "  has 
>n>e  epidemic.  The  Boards  of  Health  of  the  various  cities 
all  who  believe  that  they  have  the  symptoms  of  this  disease 
o  to  bed  at  once  and  then  consult  a  physician.  It  is  desirable, 
'  saj,  that  patients  have  separate  rooms.  ""  Keep  all  visitors 

r**  is  the  injunction.  The  rules  for  patients  emphasize  the 
for  cleanliness  and  sanitary  care,  partioularir  ue  careful 
Tizkg  of  all  utensils  and  other  articles  used.  The  Boards  of 
]tli  also  warn  against  the  use  of  patent  medicines,  and  call 
^  ooxmtry-wide  enforcement  of  the  laws  against  expectoration. 
•"i  th  the  appropriation  of  $1,000,000  provided  by  Congees  on 
jetxkhvf  2o  to  combat  this  form  of  influenza  the  United  States 
lie  liealth  Service,  co-operating  with  the  medical  authori- 
o£  the  Army  and  Navy^  be^m  a  vigorous  campaign  to 
Ic  i^  At  that  time  it  had  spr^ul  to  thirty-six  States  of  the 
m  aod  was  killing  aome  four  per  cent  6t  its  victims.  The 
P«|0»r  weather  since  then  has,  however,  proved  a  valuable 
in  oombating  the  epidemic,  as  have  been  the  methods 
oyed  bv  various  mnnicipal  h^th  commissions^;  for 
uoe,  in  New  York  City  there  are .  noW  .doctors  and  hurses 


in  charge  of  the  railway  terminal  quarters  twenty-four  hours  of 
each  day.  Any  arriving  travder  found  to  be  suffering  from 
Spanish  influenza  is  removed  to  his  home  or  to  a  hospital,  where 
proper  isolaticm  is  insisted  upon. 

As  was  the  case  with  the  infantile  paralysis  epidemic  two  years 
ago,  the  eastern  shore  of  New  England  has  been  the  first 
to  receive  the  brunt  of  the  disease.  Up  to  October  1  some  85,000 
cases  in  Massadbusetts  alone  had  been  reported,  the  eastern  cities 
like  Boston,  Brockton,  Quincy,  and  Gloucester  being  the  worst 
bit.  There  is  urgent  demand  m  Massachusetts  for  more  doctors 
and  nurses.  Measures  to  prevent  the  further  spread  of  the  influ- 
enza are  in  force  everywhere  throughout  the  State.  Schools  have 
been  dosed,  public  gatherings  barred,  tramoars  disinfected, 
and  gauze  masks  distributed  to  protect  persons  who  find  it 
necessary  to  come  in  contact  with  mfluenza  patients. 

The  army  cantonments  have  also  suffered,  partionlariy  Camp 
Devens,  in  Massachusetts,  and  Camp  Diz,  in  New  Jersey. 

The  malady,  which  arose  in  Spain,  spread  through  the  fight- 
ing area  in  France,  where  its  ravi^res  in  the  German  army  were 
more  noticeable  than  in  the  forces  of  thb  Entente  Allies.  In 
character  the  disease  seems  much  like  the  ordinary  grippe,  its 
special  characteristics  being  noted  in  the  pneumonia  which 
sometimes  follows. 


IMPROVING  URBAN  CONDITIONS 
AMONG  NEGROES 

The  unparalleled  migration  of  the  past  two  years  of  N^froes 
from  the  South  to  tJie  North  is  still  taxing  everv  agency  mter- 
ested  in  the  social,  economic,  and  industriw  development  of  the 
Negro,  and  is  attracting  the  sympathetic  attention  of  the  public, 
which  is  also  witnessing  the  Nq^roes'  spirit  of  loyal  co-operation 
vrith  the  GKivemment's  war  prtwramme.  The  National  League 
on  Urban  Conditions  among  a^gtoea  has  had  seven  years  of 
experience  in  securing  and  training  Negro  social  workers.  Its 
policy  has  been  one  of  cooperation  with  all  existing  agen- 
cies, and  it  is  a  valuable  agency  because  of  its  activities  in  pro- 
bationary work,  its  interest  in  parks  and  playgrounds  and  other 
sources  of  dean  aiQusement,  its  wide  experience  in  the  fidd  of 
surveys  and  investigation  of  dtv  living  conditicms  in  thirty 
dties  of  the  ooontry.  North  and  South. 

Both  the  National  and  local  offices  of  the  League  are  called 
upon  for  assistance  in  providing  trained  workers  to  meet  the 
demands  resulting  from  the  employment  of  N^^roes  in  indus- 
try. These  workers  are  being  used  by  the  Gh>vemment,  by  pri- 
vate enterprises  and  plants  of  every  description  to  act  as 
arbitrators  between  employer  and  employee,  to  reduce  labor 
turnover,  to  provide  and  place  skilled  workers,  and  to  oversee 
proper  recreational  and  housing  provision  for  the  new  arrivals. 
That  employers  value  the  services  of  these  wel&re  workers  is 
evidenoea  by  the  number  now  being  used  in  sted,  powder, 
ship-building,  dectrical  mining,  and  other  industries.  Other 
industrial  concerns  not  employing  social  workers  regularly  are 
calling  upon  the  League  to  furnish  lecturers  and  speakers  to 
address  noonday  meetings  of  the  workers  and  mass-meetings 
in  the  community  surrounding  the  industrial  plants. 

Better  positions  and  better  workers,  we  are  mformed,  are  now 
resulting  from  the  steady,  though  decreased,  migtaticm.  As  the 
first  rush  of  those  affeotisd  by  industry's  call  passed,  a  more 
thoughtful  and  carefully  planned  exodus  b^^  which  is  fur- 
nishing a  more  dependable  class  of  migrants,  better  prepared 
to  meet  the  changed  conditions  from  a  rural — often  an  agri- 
cultural— district  to  the  atmosphere  of  a  complex  industrial 
city  life. 

In  Detroit,  where  the  number  of  migrants  has  been  very 
ereat,  owing  to  the  many  manufacturing  pumts  now  using  Negro 
labor,  community  recreation  has  been  an  interesting  feature  of 
the  League's  work.  This  induded  supervised  picnics,  dances, 
and  outdoor  and  indoor  games.  A  special  police  officer  td  mingle 
with  the  migrants  in  pod-rooms,  clubs,  saloons,  aiid  on  street  cor- 
ners, with  a  view  to  regulating  conduct  in  public,  proved  a  help- 
ful venture.  This  particular  feature  had  b««|tr|oand  very 
helpful  in  New  York,  where  the  New  York  LoaglMattx  months 

Srior  to  the  draft  and  at  least  nine  months  b6^r(MMk*5wot^  or 
ght "  order  went  into  effect,  had  two  colored  ttjf^rijunicnrri 
to  its  Harlem 'office  for  ten  weeks  to  mingle  WitJMIiiiUfHiiiiBiers, 


Digitized  by  VJ\^*^V  IV^ 


208 


THE   OUTLOOK 


90<« 


urging  the  men  to  work  or  undergo  arrest — a  feature  which 
probably  facilitated  the  work  of  the  Draft  Board  later. 

The  Urban  League  of  Chicago,  also  faced  with  the  problem 
of  housing  and  training  its  new  population  as  well  as  protect- 
ing it  from  exploitation,  furnished  a  housing  survey  for  the 
packers  which  resiUted  in  better  accommodations  for  the  em- 
ployees of  the  stockyards.  The  Chicago  League's  programme 
includes  probation,  organization  of  nurseries,  and  girls'  and 
boys'  and  men's  and  women's  clubs.  Its  employment  activities 
have  been  taken  over  by  the  Uniteci  States  Employment  Ser- 
vice, which  is  using  the  machinery  developed  by  the  League, 
including  its  office  force. 

The  recently  organized  Urban  League  of  East  St.  Louis  has 
already  brought  about  such  relationship  between  the  races  and 
between  employer  and  employee  as  wdl  make  improbable  a 
repetition  of  the  recent  nots,  which  were  the  result  of  the 
lack  of  co-operation  due  to  poor  city  and  industrial  organiza- 
tion. 

The  results  from  these  varied  fields  of  usefulness  in  which 
the  League  is  active  attest  the  foresight  of  its  organizers  nearly 
eight  years  ago.  The  League's  headquarters  in  New  York  City 
are  at  200  Fifth  Avenue. 


A  WORLD  RECORD  IN    SHIP-BUlLDlNG 

A  statement  just  made  by  the  Bureau  of  Navigation  of  the 
United  States  Department  of  Conmierce  seems  to  establish  a 
new  world  record  for  this  country  in  the  production  of  ships 
for  twelve  months.  According  to  this  statement,  in  the  calendar 
year  ending  September  26  there  was  placed  in  service  in  the 
United  States  1,956,465  gross  tons  of  shipping.  The  nearest 
record  to  this  is  that  of  Great  Britain,  which  in  1913  turned 
out  about  twenty  thousand  tons  less  of  shipping.  The  fig^ures 
collated  by  the  Bureau  of  Navigation  are  taken  directly  from 
the  official  listing  and  numbering  of  the  ships.  The  production 
of  shipping  in  Great  Britain  for  the  same  twelve  months, 
reduced  to  the  standard  of  gross  tonnage,  is  slightly  behind 
that  of  this  country.  If  the  same  figures  are  expressed  in  dead- 
weight tonnage  rawer  than  gross  tonnage,  the  amount  would 
be  three  million  dead-weight  tons.  As  it  happens,  that  amount 
was  long  ago  estimated  by  experts  as  the  entire  possible  output 
for  this  country  in  the  year  1918.  As  a  matter  of  fact,  when 
the  remaining  three  months  of  1918  come  to  be  included,  with 
deduction  for  the  last  three  months  of  1917,  the  total  dead- 
weight tonnage  produced  in  the  year  1918  will  be  much  above 
three  millions. 

Simtdtaneously  comes  from  the  United  States  Shipping 
Board  a  statement  which  shows  that  within  its  jurisdiction  on 
September  1  last  there  were  altogether,  new  and  old,  2,185  sea- 
going vessels,  with  a  total  of  951,196,015  dead-weight  tonnage. 
The  Shipping  Board  also  gives  out  some  extremely  interesting 
statistics  as  regards  the  shipping  of  the  world,  Germany  and 
Austria  excluded.  One  of  the  most  interesting  points  made  is 
that  in  the  month  of  August  the  ship  production  in  America 
alone  slightly  exceeded  the  total  losses  of  ships  by  the  Allied 
and  neutral  eoimtries.  That  production  of  ships  will  hereafter 
exceed  losses  is  as  certain  as  anything  can  be.  Other  world 
tonnage  figures  given  by  the  Shipping  Board  are  as  follows : 

Dead-weight  tons. 

Total  losses  (Allied  and  neutral)  August,  1914-Sep- 
tember  1, 1918 21,404,913 

Total  construction  (Allied  and  neutral)  August,  1914- 

September  1,  1918 14,247,825 

Total  enemy  tonnage  captured  (to  end  of  1917)    .     .    3,795,000 

Excess  of  losses  over  gams 3,362,088 

Nothing  could  be  more  cheerful  and  encouraging  than  the 
general  conclusion  of  the  Shipping  Board's  report.  It  says : 
"  The  American  merchant  marme  is  to-day  expanding  more 
rapidly  than  any  other  in  the  world.  In  August  of  this  year 
the  United  States  took  rank  as  the  leading  ship-biiilding  nation 
in  the  world.  It  now  has  more  shipyards,  more  shipways,  more 
ship-workers,  more  ships  under  construction,  and  is  building 
more  ships  every  month  than  any  other  country,  not  excepting 
the  United  Kingdom,  hitherto  easily  the  first  ship-building 
power.  Prior  to  the  war  the  United  States  stood  a  poor  third 
among  the  ship-building  nations." 


THE    PRESIDENT'S    CONDITIONS  ( 

PEACE 

THE  dramatic  collapse  of  Bulgaria  and  the  apparent  n 
crumbling  of  the  conspiracy  between  Germany  and 
three  accomplices  lend  a  new  and  vivid  interest  ti> 
President's  speech  on  the  war  which  he  made  at  the  Metropci 
Opera  House  on  Friday  evening,  September  27,  at  the  ofn 
of  the  new  Liberty  Loan  campaign. 

In  that  speech,  which  has  aroused  profound  interest  i 
favorable  comment  both  at  home  and  abroad,  the  Vk^ 
redefined  the  character  of  the  war,  the  motives  that  W 
American  people  to  enter  it,  the  purposes  that  guide  titri 
duct  of  our  part  of  it,  and  the  ends  which  we  slull  insist  i^ 
obtaining.  He  says  that  it  is  a  people's  war  and  not  a  n 
diplomats  or  of  goveminent  officials.  With  this  assertiia 
cordially  agree,  for  it  has  seemed  to  us  from  the  very  begin 
of  tihe  invasion  of  Belgiiun  to  be  a  people's  war.  And  «r 
interested,  in  turning  oack  over  the  pages  of  The  Ondi 
to  find  that  in  AprU,  1917,  in  commenting  upon  Amni 
entrance  into  the  struggle,  we  said  : 

America  has  at  last  place<l  herself  where  for  months  she  U 
belonged. 

President  Wikon,  the  servant  of  the  people,  has  ubeynl  li 
people's  conscience. 

Smce  this  is  a  people's  war,  we  must  rementber  tliat  it  is  io^ 
for  the  people's  rights. 

And  if  ever  it  was  the  duty  of  a  nation  to  fig^t  for  ihf  pn 
pie's  rights,  that  duty  rests  on  America  to-day. . 

American  civilians  and  soldiers  as  one  body  assent  wIm 
President  says :  "  We  are  all  agreed  that  there  can  be  noy 
obtained  by  any  kind  of  bargain  or  compromise  with  tbc ' 
emments  of  the  Central  Empires,  because  we  have  d«alt  i 
them  already,  and  have  seen  them  deal  with  other  Governs^ 
that  were  parties  to  this  struggle,  at  Brest-Litovsk  and  Buik 
They  have  convinced  us  that  they  are  without  honor  sk 
not  mtend  justice.  They  observe  no  covenants,  accept  no ; 
ciple  but  force  and  their  own  interest.  We  cannot  'on 
terms '  with  them.  They  have  made  it  impossible.  The  (i^ 
people  must  by  this  time  be  fully  aware  that  we  cannot » 
the  word  of  those  who  forced  this  war  upon  us.  We  d" 
think  the  same  thoughts  or  speak  the  same  language  of  i 
ment." 

The  President  is  correct  in  saying  that  the  country  is  »j 
upon  this  attitude  toward  the  Hohenzollem  conspirator' « 
character  and  trustworthiness  he  has  so  clearly  and  rouiil 
defined.  Many  patriotic  Americans  have  been  anxious  h 
Administration,  yielding  to  the  pressure  of  a  desire  t«  n 
end  to  the  unparalleled  aestructiou  of  human  lives,  might  t 
enter  into  negotiations  with  the  Prussians  for  a  «•>* 
of  hostilities.  'This  categorical  statement  of  the  Presi«le!.'  i 
we  think,  finally  abolish  such  fear  of  compromise.  Thr  I 
ican  people  and  the  American  Government  are  now  na 
determined  to  make  war  ujwn  Germany  until  German' 
Hold,  enough!  and  guarantees  to  make  every  huniaulv]*^ 
reparation  for  the  suffering,  destnii^tion,  and  cruel  in}u»tV 
ha^  deliberately  brought  upon  mankind.  On  this  wt-  u 
necessary,  stake  our  last  man  and  our  last  dollar. 

Nor  can  we  accept  any  professions  of  surrender  or  anvpl 
of  repentance  or  reform  from  the  Hohenzollem  dyuastj  < 
military  accomplices.  The  HohmizoUerns  and  their  sjretisi 
go.   So  says  the  President.   So  say  the  American  jieople. 

Thus  on  the  first  two  of  the  President's  three  main  i 
there  will  be  a  practically  unanimous  agreement  thr>'^ 
the  country ;  namely,  that  this  is  a  people's  war.  icoi 
democratic  justice  and  not  for  geographical  or  politi«al 
and,  second,  that  we  cannot  have  any  <lealings,  now  or  Iw 
with  the  despotic  clique  at  Potsdam  who  made  this  *"■ 
purposes  of  world  eomjuest. 

As  to  the  third  poiut  of  the  President's  address  thei^  ^ 
debate  and  discussion.  This  point  is  that  when  peace  is  t*' 
by  a  military  victory  over  the  Hohenzollems  it  tiiu!<t  ^ 
tained  by  a  permanent  League  of  Nations.  The  Presi*!" 
that  such  a  Leag;ue  cannot  be  formed  now  and  proiiahl} ' 
be  formed  after  p«'a(ie  is  established,  the  iuference  b«fts. 
he  thinks  it  must  be  formed  at  the  peace  table   aa  oc 

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THE   OUTLOOK 


209 


essary  concomitants  of  the  peace  agreement.  When  such  a 
iffoe  18  fonned,  he  statet*  that  it  must  involve  live  principles, 
(Jlows: 

First,  the  impartial  justice  meted  out  must  involve  no  dis- 
nmination  between  those  to  whom  we  wish  to  be  just  and  those 
I  irhom  we  do  not  wish  to  be  just.  It  must  be  a  justice  that 
bys  DO  favorites  and  knows  no  standard  but  the  equal  rights  of 
le  several  peoples  concerned  ; 

Second,  no  special  or  separate  interest  of  any  single  nation  or 
ly  groap  of  nations  can  be  made  the  basis  of  any  part  of  the 
ttlement  which  is  not  consistent  with  the  common  interest  of 
I: 

Tliird,  there  can  be  no  leagues  or  alliances  or  special  covenants 
id  understandings  within  the  general  and  conuuou  family  of 
e  Leagne  of  Nations ; 

FourUi,  and  more  specifically,  there  can  be  no  special,  selfish 
onomie  combinations  within  the  league  and  no  employment  of 
y  form  of  economic  boycott  or  exclusion  except  as  tlie  power 
economic  penalty  by  exclusion  from  the  markets  of  the  world 
ty  be  vested  in  the  lyeagae  of  Nations  itself  as  a  means  of 
tcipline  and  control. 

Firth,  all  uitemational  agreements  and  treaties  of  every  kind 
Mt  be  made  known  in  their  entirety  to  the  rest  of  the  world. 
Special  alliances  and  economic  rivalries  and  hostilities  have 
en  the  prolific  source  in  the  modem  world  of  the  plans  and 
wions  that  produce  war.  It  would  be  an  insincere  as  well  as 
insecure  peace  that  did  not  exclude  them  in  definite  and  bind* 
;  terms. 

le  President  was  right  in  giving  so  large  a  part  of  his 
ih  to  a  discussion  of  a  possible  League  of  Na,tions,  for 
i  it  is  important  to  obtain  peace,  its  maintenance  on  a  just 
for  all  time  to  come  is  a  matter  of  still  greater  importanoe 
rilization.  We  shall  not  here  undertake  to  discuss  in  detail 
'resident's  proposals  for  such  a  League,  although  we  think 
propoeab  are  debatable.  We  sh^  simply  here  restate 
iwn  view  of  a  League  of  Nations,  not  because  we  presume 
mpete  with  the  President,  whose  mastery  of  definition  of 
ssues  is  now  recognized  throughout  the  world,  but  because 
ish  to  reformulate  at  this  crisis  our  own  slowly  thought 
inclusions  and  convictions. 

i  do  not  think  that  a  League  of  Nations  is  to  be  created 
at  the  peace  table,  or  after  the  peace  table,  for  such  a 
le  is  already  in  Existence.  It  consists  of  our  twenty^two 
I  and  ourselves,  and  is  practically  and  successfuUy  working. 
League  by  freely  pooling  its  economic  and  military  powers 
r  established  to  obtain  world  justice ;  it  must  be  continued 
intain  that  justice.  The  present  League  is  governed 
jfh  its  war  powers  ;  when  peace  is  gained,  it  must  be  con- 
[  under  civil  powers.  These  civil  powers  must  be  defined 
working  agreement  made  at  the  peace  table.  To  this 
le  no  other  nations,  neutral  or  belligerent,  must  be  admitted 

0  not  solemnly  subscribe  to  this  agreement  and  give  satis- 
f  g^iarantees  of  their  moral  (^^lacity  to  keep  their  oath. 
picture  in  the  mind's  eve  such  a  League  is  not  difficult, 

tHTork  out  the  details  of  its  operation  is  a  complex  prob- 
hich  will  require  all  the  sagwity  of  the  most  liberal  and 
mimous  statesmanship  to  solve.  The  two  greatest  difiicul- 

he  surmounted  are  involved  in  the  economic  and  political 
nships  of  the  members  of  the  League.  There  can  be  no 
e  without  a  supreme  court  or  supreme  legislature  to 
the  members  of  the  League  shall  delegate  power  to  act 

the  members  and  to  whose  final  authority  each  member 
fihall  agree  to  submit.  On  what  terms  shall  this  political 
\te  delegated  ?  What  shall  be  the  basis  of  representation  ? 
.^ulia  have  as  large  a  vote  in  this  supreme  body  as  the 

1  States,  or  Siam  as  Great  Britain  ?  Our  own  country  is 
le  of  forty-eight  members.  We  have  met  the  problem  of 
il  representation  by  granting  each  member  an  equal 
•-ith  every  other  in  the  upper  house  of  the  supreme  legis- 
hKxly,  but  we  have  based  representation  in  the  lower 
»n  population.  It  seems  clear  to  us  that  any  just  and 
Ful  I>eagne  of  Nations  must  rest  upon  the  principle  of 
3onal  political  representation. 

Presifient  insists  that  the  League  must  maintain  just 
tal  eoonomio  rights.  Does  he  mean  by  that  absolute  free 
r  even  economic  uniformity  ?  There  are  now  in  the  world 
at  democratic  leagues  whose  successful  operation  throws 
^ht   upon  this  question.    The  league  of  the  forty-eight 


States  of  this  Union  has  adopted  absdate  free  trade.  From 
Oregon  to  Pennsylvania,  and  from  Maine  to  Texas,  there  are 
no  economic  barriers  of  any  kind,  and  each  member  deals  with 
all  the  other  members  on  equal  terms.  In  the  league  which  we 
call  the  British  Empire  a  (uffei^ut  system  is  followed,  the  sys- 
teni  of  reciprocity.  Canada,  Australia,  Great  Britain,  and  South 
Africa  are  bound  together  in  economic  sympathy  and  dealing. 
There  is  fair  trade  and  just  trade  between  tiiem,  but  not  free 
trade.  Canada,  Australia,  South  Africa,  and  New  Zealand 
determine  for  themselves  their  economic  relations  with  each 
other  and  the  motJier  country,  but  under  the  advice  and  guid- 
ance of  an  Imperial  conference  held  from  time  to  time.  Doubt- 
less the  ideal  for  a  League  of  Nations  would  be  free  trade,  and 
tliat  perhaps  may  come  with  an  evolutionary  progress  of  society. 
But  it  is  visionary  to  suppose  that  it  can  be  established  at  the 
peace  table.  Each  member  of  the  League  must  be  left  at  least 
a  certain  amount  of  economic  initiative  and  economic  independ- 
ence, free  to  establish  its  own  economic  relations  with  other 
members  of  the  League. 

As  a  general  statement  we  think  it  may  safely  be  said  that 
the  first  step  in  establishing  the  constitution  and  by-laws  of 
the  coming  League  of  Nations  is  to  lay  down  the  basis  of 

Solitical  association  and  representation,  leaving  the  economic 
etails  to  be  worked  out  by  an  evolutionary  process.  In  other 
words,  the  new  Lei^^e  of  Nations  must  be  a  federation  for 
certain  fundamental,  common  purposes  of  mutual  protection, 
and  not  a  union  for  a  coK>rdinated  administration  of  all  the 
functions  of  political,  social,  and  industrial  life. 


PATRIOT    AND    PRIEST 

Protestants  find  some  difficulty  in  understanding  how  it  is 
possible  for  a  Roman  Catholic  to  harmonize  his  mth  in  the 
infallibility  of  the  Pope  and  his  loyalty  to  the  Church  with 
imreserved  loyalty  to  the  naticm  of  which  he  is  a  member.  It 
must  be  said  on  behalf  of  such  Protestants  that  the  difficulty 
in  reconciling  these  two  loyalties  has  proved  great  in  Ireland 
and  in  France  and  almost  insuperable  in  Italy ;  but  it  must  be 
said,  on  the  other  hand,  that  American  Roman  Catholics  have 
not  found  difficulty  in  reconciling  their  piety  and  their  patriot- 
ism in  this  country.  There  are  no  more  patriotic  American 
citizens  than  those  to  be  found  in  the  Roman  Catholic  Church, 
from  its  Cardinals  to  its  humblest  laity.  The  Service  FlagH 
which  hang  from  the  windows  of  our  Roman  Catholic  churches 
bear  silent  but  eloquent  testimony  to  the  truth  that  thousands 
of  Roman  Catholics  are  laying  down  their  lives  on  foreign  soil 
in  Order  to  win  liberty  for  the  world.  The  hostility  to  the  war 
has  been  found,  not  in  Roman  Catholic  circles,  but  in  the 
I.  W.  W.,  the  Anarchistic  group,  and  some  of  the  more  radical 
Socialists,  all  of  whom  are  opposed,  not  only  to  the  Roman 
Catholic  Church,  but  to  all  the  churches  and  to  all  that  the 
Church  stands  for. 

Of  this  practical  harmony  of  piety  with  patriotism,  of  devo- 
tion to  the  Ciinroh  with  devotion  to  the  country,  die  life  of 
Archbishop  John  Ireland,  who  died  on-  Wednesday,  Septem- 
ber 26,  affords  a  striking  illustration.  John  Ireland  was 
bom  in  Ireland,  September  11,  1834,  came  to  the  United 
States  in  boyhood,  and  was  ordained  as  a  Roman  Catholic 
priest  in  1861.  At  the  outbreak  of  the  Civil  War  he  entered 
the  army  as  a  chaplain,  where  he  not  only  fulfilled  officially 
his  priestly  duties,  but  at  critical  times  shared  with  the 
privates  in  their  services  and  their  hazards.  It  is  related  of 
him  that  at  one  time  when  the  lines  were  hard  pressed  this 
young  priest  saved  the  day,  when  the  ammunition  was  exhausted, 
by  bringing  up  the  needed  cartridges  and  emptying  them  into 
the  soldiers'  haversac^ks.  Returning  home,  he  became  a  pioneer 
in  the  temperance  campaign  at  a  time  when  pioneering  required 
both  clearness  of  vision  and  courage  of  convictions.  He  not 
only  spoke  for  temperance  at  various  points,  but  also  he  *'  made 
hut-to-hut  visits  to  St.  Paul's  shaiitytown,  throwing  bottles  out 
of  squalid  doorways."  He  refused  absolution  to  sahmn-keepers, 
and  is  reported  to  have  said  proudly  that  there  was  not  a  Cath- 
olic name  over  a  saloon  in  his  parish.  He  was  an  advocate  of  the 
public  schooL  He  believe*!  that  it  is  the  function  of  tlie  state 
to  e<lucate  its  chUdren,  and  when  the  unsuccessful  attempt  waa- 

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210 


THE   OUTLOOK 


90cIoIki 


made  in  this  country  by  certain  ecclesiastics  to  discipline 
parents  for  sending  their  children  to  the  public  school  he  exer- 
cised a  great  influence  in  creating  the  public  opinion  which 
made  tlmt  effort  unsuccessful.  I&  proposed  a  plan  by  which 
Roman  Catholic  teachers  should  be  appomted  in  State  schools, 
pledging  themselves  not  to  use  any  symbols  or  give  any  instruc- 
tions of  a  distinctly  Roman  Catholic  nature  during  we  school 
hours.  This  plan  as  a  definite  scheme  to  be  put  in  operation  in 
the  town  of  f  aribault,  Minnesota,  did  not  succeed,  but  the 
principle  upon  which  that  plan  was  founded  has  now  become 
generally  accepted.  In  most  commimities  in  America  the  fact 
that  a  teacher  is  a  Roman  Catholic  does  not  interfere  with  his 
appointment,  and  nowhere,  so  far  as  we  know,  do  such  teachers 
take  advantage  of  their  position  for  proselyting  purposes. 

Archbishop  Ireland  did  not  wait  for  the  present  war  to  resist 
the  attempt  in  this  country  to  create  bodies  of  hyphenated 
citizens.  When  it  was  proposed  to  appoint  national  bishops  for 
the  Roman  Catholic  churches,  he  went  to  Rome  to  urge  the 
Vatican  not  to  give  its  sanction  to  an^  such  factional  and  divi- 
sive policy,  and  succeeded  in  his  mission.  When,  at  the  dose  of 
the  war  in  the  Philippines,  the  difficult  question  came  up.  In 
what  way  should  the  Filipinos  be  truly  emancipated  from  the 
control  exercised  over  them  by  the  fact  that  much  of  their  best 
land  was  owned  by  the  Friars?  Archbishop  Ireland  contributed 
valuable  service  to  the  National  Administration  in  its  dealing 
with  this  problem.  Some  individual  Roman  Catholics  and  some 
Roman  Catholic  societies  in  this  country  desired  to  keep  that 
land  under  the  control  of  the  Friars,  a  policy  which  Archbishop 
Ireland  vigorously  opposed.  In  a  sermon  preached  in  the  sum- 
mer of  1902  he  issued  a  challenge  to  the  enemies  of  the  policy 
of  liberation  and  strongly  supported  the  action  of  the  United 
States  in  its  successful  negotiation  to  secure  the  purchase  of 
those  lands  at  a  fair  price  and  so  protect  both  the  property 
rights  of  the  landowners  and  the  political  rights  of  the  people. 
In  the  present  war  Archbishop  Ireland's  patriotism  was  vigor- 
ous and  aggressive.  As  soon  as  Congress  declared  war  the 
Archbishop  called  on  his  people  to  remember  that  they  were 
Americans,  and  from  that  time  put  his  eloquence  and  his  energy 
at  the  service  of  the  Nation  in  his  appeals  for  military  training, 
for  the  purchase  of  Liberty  bonds,  and  for  contributions  to  the 
Red  Cross  and  other  war  relief  funds. 

His  critics  have  said  that  Archbishop  Ireland  was  ambitious. 
That  is  probably  true.  Most  men  who  are  good  for  anything 
are  ambitious.  We  do  not  doubt  that  it  was  a  real,  and  perhaps 
bitter,  disappointment  to  him  not  to  receive  the  Cardinal's  hat. 
He  was  not  one  to  fall  under  the  condemnation  of  Christ  in  the 
8a3ring,  *'  Woe  unto  you,  when  all  men  shall  speak  well  of  you  1" 
His  vigorous  participation  in  the  great  questions  of  the  day 
probably  prevented  tne  Vatican  from  giving  him  the  promotion 
which  his  services  had  earned.  But  he  earned  what  was  much 
better — the  reverent  affection  of  thousands  of  his  fellow-citizens 
for  his  life  of  unselfish  service  and  courageous  warfare.  Patriot 
and  priest.  Archbishop  John  Ireland  weU  deserves  the  grateful 
remembrance  in  which  he  wiU  be  held,  not  only  by  the  member- 
ship of  his  own  Church,  but  by  aU  who  love  a  patriotic  and 
devoted  fellow- American. 


THE    PUPIL    REPORTS 

They  lay  down  on  the  grassy  hilltop  together,  the  Soldier  and 
the  Happy  Eremite.  It  was  Sunday,  and  the  Soldier,  stranded 
in  the  metropolis  from  afar,  had  remembered  a  course  in  Eng- 
lish composition  wherein  he  and  the  Eremite  had  sat  at  oppo- 
site sides  of  the  teacher's  desk,  and  had  telephoned — might  he 
come  out  ?  The  Happy  Eremite  had  not  seen  or  heard  from  the 
Soldier  since  they  had  parted  with  the  cordiality  with  which  an 
A  at  the  close  of  a  course  has  a  way  of  investing  the  final  fare- 
wells. He  felt  a  pleasant  glow  to  think  that  the  man  should 
have  cared  t©  pick  up  tiie  old  threads  after  seven  years. 

They  met  as  compiete  eontemporaries,  the  tough  ghost  of  the 
old  relationship  of  teacher  and  student  laid  forever  by  the 
student  himself  with  a, greeting  that  ended  in  the  Eremite's  first 
name.  There  was  eight  or  nin^  year^'  difference  in  their  ages.  It 
vanished  instanuy.    The  Happy  Eremite  thanked,  Gqd  for  that. 

They  «tret<^ea  in  the  deep  rowan.    The  hill  sloped  sharply 


southward  to  a  wooded  plain  bordering  a  wide  expanse  of  Uu 
waters  where  a  tug  with  three  baizes  moved  alovAj  tomri 
the  open  sea.  On  the  hill  about  them  was  the  muac  of 
summer,  undefinable  and  pervasive ;  in  the  valley  below  tim 
were  roofs  half  hidden  in  heavy  maples,  like  the  cottages  of  ioih 
seventeenth-century  pastoral,  "  bosom'd  high  in  tufted  tieet." 

"  A  pleasing  land  of  drowsy-head  it  was, 
Ot  dreams  that  wave  before  the  half-shut  eye ; 
And  of  gay  castles  in  the  donds  that  pass, 
Forever  flashing  round  a  summer  sky." 

Beauty,  calm  in  exquisite  and  thoi^htful  maturity,  vralkej 
around  them  and  between  them  like  a  palpable  presence,  a  spiiit 
with  audible  garments.  They  interrupted  their  conversation  to 
listen  to  her ;  and  took  it  up  again  with  their  minds  elsewheit 
half  expectii^^  to  hear  a  snatch  of  human  speech  from  her.  Sk 
was  so  close  and  real  that  they  scarcely  noted  where  over  gna 
tree-tops  the  gaunt,  grimy,  savage,  muscular  shape  of  the  grai 
munition  city  reclined  in  dust  and  smoke.  Beauty  spread  toIi 
over  it. 

And  as  they  lay  there  the  Soldier  told  of  the  strange  new  ii 
into  which  the  war  had  suddenly  thrust  him.  He  had  been  j 
man  of  books,  essentially  an  indoor  man,  whose  companions  y 
been  the  rarefied  spirits  that  breathe  and  glow  and  apeak  fra 
between  the  lines  of  printed  symbols  whicli  we  call  literahiR.| 
The  perilous  currents  on  which  he  had  set  his  canoe  had  beoi  di^ 
currents  not  of  men  but  of  ideas.  He  had  known  of  hanonit; 
Only  that  fraction  which  walked  up  and  down  the  ebn-shadJ 
street  of  the  pleasant  university  town — ^men  and  women  m 
hunted  ideas  through  the  forests  of  Parnassus  with  the  tv& 
excitement  of  a  hungry  darky  hunting  'possums,  or,  more  raicM 
with  the  passionate  self-forgetfulness  of  a  saint  hunting  (M 
The  war  like  a  derrick-dredge  had  scooped  him  out  of  his  so^ 
aqueous  world  and  dumped  nim  into  a  cantonment.  He 
scarcely  have  been  more  stirred  by  the  abrupt  change  if  he 
actuallybeen  a  merman. 

The  Happy  Eremite,  too,  was  a  man  of  books,  and 
tened  to  the  Soldier's  tale  as  a  child  listens  to  stories 

"  of  antres  vast  and  deserts  idle, 
Bongh  qoarriea,  rocks  and  hills  whose  heads  touch  he 
And  of  the  cannibaJ»  that  each  other  eat, 
The  anthropophagi,  and  men  whose  heads 
Do  grow  beneath  their  shoalders." 

The  Soldier  told  of  his  barrack  mates — a  Pole  with  a| 
for  music ;  a  Swede  caught  in  the  draft  just  as  he  wasL. 
daim  the  inheritance  which  had  chased  him  hither  and  ' 
half-way  round  the  world  ;    a  Jew  who  was  by  oocuf 
East  Side  tailor  and  by  nature  a  scholastic  theoI<^^i 
north-of-Maine  man,  a  taciturn  giant  who  thouf  ht 
geant  did  not  quite  know  his  business  because  be 
consider  the  advisability  of  supplementing  the  liayo 
the  ax.  He  told  of  the  outdoor  life,  the  vigorous ' 
hilarious  horse-play,  the  captain  with  the  passion  £c 
ness,  the  despotic  ueutenant  who  snarled  at  lus  men 
der^  why  he  was  left  behind  drilling  recruits  when,  i 
of  other  men  were  sent  to  France.    He  told  of  the 
the  loading  of  two-himdred-pound  cases  from  trucks 
of  weariness  that  was  like  pain  and  sleep  that  was  liki^a  ] 
in  heaven  sailing  on  clouds  among  the  stars. 

To  the  Happy  Eremite  it  was  all  amaring 
heart,  which  was  younger  than  his  years,  orieaoat  HcMF  AJ 
in  it.  But  his  conscience  interposed  with  an  elderly 
he  submitted.    The  romance,  he  was   ready  to   admit, 
probably  wear  off  promptiy ;  besides,  romance  was  not  fo 
m  the  middle  thirties  with  families — ^not  that  kind  of 
anyway. 

*'  Try  again  1"  he  said  to  Temptation,  not  without  the 
scious  pride  of  the  righteous.  "  You  can't  get  me  that  way 

Temptation'  did  try  a^ain,  for  the  Soldier,  guaag  out  over 
wooded  plain  to  the  strip  of  blue  ♦rater,  told  of  stranere  tra 
mations  in  his  own  heart  and  mind  wrought  by  the  inl 
companionship  vrith  men  from  strata:  which  he  had  . 
never  touched.  The  Happy  Eremite  saw  that  in  t£e  S 
mi^ty.  forces  were  hammering  iron  into  steel  under  the  fin 
experiep)oe.  In  a>£aehi'he'tew  sometJbing  more ;  for,  he  sa*  i 
whole  youth  of  the  country  as  a  mighty  forge  where  sieA ' 
Digitized  by  VJ^^VJV  IV^ 


1918 


THE    OUTLOOK 


211 


heme  tempered  to  great  uses..  He  saw  a  new  fellowship  of  men- 
who-naTe-been-tried-by-fire,  a  fellowship  out  of  which  would  come 
the  guiding  vision  and  the  spur  of  the  demooratio  impulses  of 
his  country  for  fifty  years — 
A  fellowship  from  which  he  was  excluded.    • 
He  rose  quickly  to  his  feet.  The  Soldier  looked  at  him  curi- 
Bunly. 
"  I  wonder,"  said  the  Happy  Eremite,  after  a  long  pause, 


"  whether  it  is  not  we  who  stay  at  home,  raiiher  than  you  who 
go,  who  should  say,  *  We  who  are  about  to  die  salute  you '  ?" 

The  Soldier  did  not  quite  understand  and  the  Eremite  did 
not  try  to  explain.  But  as  they  walked  slowly  home  to  another 
hilltop  where  Sunday  dinner  was  awaiting  them  the  Happy 
Eremite  was  conscious  that  there  was  again  the  chasm  between 
them  that  gapes  between  pupil  and  teacher.  But  now  it  was  not 
he  who  was  of  those  who  are  wise  and  who  dispense  wisdom. 


is  Bchoolmaster  but  his  companion  and  friend. — Thb  Editors. 

LIEUTENANT  Roosevdt  Meets  Heroic  Death  "—the 
headline  startled  me.    I  read  the  despatch  with  deep 
emotion.  The  horrors  of  war  seemed  suddenly  very  close 
>  me.    I  had  lost  a  friend. 

I  did  not  know  Lievtenant  Roosevelt.  Indeed,  I  had  not 
sown  the  young  student  who  had  won  honors  at  Harvard.  I 
\d  read  of  both  these  from  time  to  time,  and  always  with  pro- 


QUENTIN  ROOSEVELT 

SOME   REMINISCENCES   RECORDED   BY   ONE   OF   HIS   TEACHERS 

When  the  author  of  this  interesting  sketch  sent  it  to  The  Outlook,  it  was  his  intention  not  to  introduce  hia  own  personality  by  even  giving 
tig  name  to  onr  readers.  His  pnrpose  in  writing  it,  as  pur  pnrpose  in  printing  it,  is  not  merely  to  offer  a  pen  portrait  of  the  remarkable  boy 
rho  has  given  his  life  that  we  at  home  may  continae  to  enjoy  democracy  and  freedom,  but  to  illustrate  by  a  concrete  instance  the  spirit  and 
nthnsiasm  which  are  animating  so  many  thousands  of  American  boys  and  young  men  in  the  great  struggle.  We  think,  however,  that  our 
eaders  will  like  to  know  who  this  teacher  is  and  what  this  school  was  that  apparently  exercised  so  pronounced  an  influence  on  the  boy 
(nentin.  So  we  take  the  liberty  of  saying  that  the  author  of  the  article  is  the  Rev.  Ambler  M.  Blackford,  now  rector  of  St.  Helena's 
)harch  at  Beaufort,  South  Carohna,  and  that  the  boarding-school  at  which  he  taught  Quentin  and  formed  with  him  that  delightful  relationship 
f  friend  and  schoolmaster  was  tlie  Episcopal  High  School  near  Alexandria,  YirKinia.  It  must  be  a  constant  joy  to  teachera  to  know  that 
:arcely  any  relationship  in  life  may  be  more  intimate  and  more  formative  than  that  of  the  schoolboy  to  the  older  man  who  is  not  merely 

Quentin  was  a  little  younger  than  most  of  the  boys  in  the 
boarding-school.  He  was  sent  there  at  that  age  because  his 
parents  were  to  leave  the  White  House  in  March,  and  they  did 
not  desire  to  have  their  son's  school  year  interrupted.  All  of 
bis  brothers  had  preceded  him  to  Groton,  and  he  was  to  go  the 
following  year ;  but  Quentin  was  not  yet  quite  old  enough. 
Then,  too,  thb  particular  boarding-school  was  not  far  from 
Washington ;  so,  until  inauguration,  Quentin  might  see  "  the 
folks,"  as  he  always  referred  to  his  family,  with  some  fre> 
qnency. 

He  was  treated  as  the  other  boys ;  neither  he  nor  his  parents 
would  have  wished  it  otherwise.  I  recall  only  one  exception  to 
thi»  rule,  and  that  was  only  because  of  his  tender  years.  His 
parents  requested  that  the  boy  be  put  under  the  special  oare  of 
one  of  the  masters  (or  teachers)  of  the  school ;  and,  if  consistent 
with  disci^ine,  that  he  be  allowed  to  sleep  in  the  room  with  this 
master.  The  request  was  granted  by  the  principal,  and  so  it 
happened  that  the  writer  was  for  six  months  or  more  in 
intimate  association  with  the  Benjamin  of  the  White  House. 

Quentin  would  awaken  usually  long  before  others  were  stir- 
ring ;  but  he  never  did  anything  to  annoy  my  slumbers  in  the 
adjoining  bed — that  is,  not  until  the  rising-bell  would  ring,  and 
then  he  would  sometimes  poimce  with  all  nis  avoirdupois  upon 
me  as  I  lay  fast  asleep,  to  be  sure  that  I  would  not  be  late 
for  breakfast ! 

During  those  early  morning  hours,  when  he  could  not  go  back 
to  sleep,  ne  used  to  tiptoe  over  to  the  bookcase  and  pick  out  a 
number  of  volumes.  Then,  quietly  back  again,  he  would  deposit 
his  armful  on  the  foot  of  the  bed  and  start  reading — sitting  on 
the  mattress  with  l^;s  crossed  under  him.  In  this  position  he 
would  sit  for  more  than  an  hour  loet  in  his  bool^.  First  it 
might  be  a  chapter  of  Dickens,  then  some  pages  of  chemistry 
or  a  book  on  electricity  or  zoology  (none  of  which  books  was  in 
his  school  course  at  that  time),  then  a  chapter  of  history,  .and 
finally  a  light  popular  novel — the  "  lighter '  and  more  thnUing 
the  better. 

During  a  long  connection  with  this  school  and  in  the  years 
since,  I  have  been  thrown  with  several  thousand  boys,  but  never 
have  I  seen  another  like  Quentin — certainly  not  at  that  age. 
He  seemed  to  have  a  store  of  knowledge  on  every  conceivable 
subject.  He  had  marked  powers  of  concentration,  and  when  he 
applied  himself  (which  I  must  admit  he  did  not  always  do  in 
his  studies)  he  was  a  goo<l  student. 

As  I  have  intimated  a)M>ve,  the  boy  was  that  session  being 
preparetl  for  entrance  to  Groton  the  following  fall.  At  the  end 
of  the  session  he  was  a  little  behind  in  a  few  of  his  studies, 
especially  in  his  Latin.  It  fell  to  my  lot  to  coach  him  in  Latin 
before  he  shoidd  take  the  Groton  entrance  examinations.  In  six 
weeks'  time  wb  covered  a  year  and  a  half  of  what  was  usuaUy 
taken  ill  the  kchobl  course,  ahd  Quentin  passed  his  examination 
with  flying  ct^Iors.  This  shows  the  mental  capacity  of  this  boy  of 

Digitized  by  VJ^^VJV  IV^ 


qUKNTIN  ROOSKVKLT 
;liis  picture  the  author  of  these  rerainiaoenoes  mye :  "I  hare  only  one  photo- 
A  at  QnentiD,  taken  while  he  waa  at  the  Episcopal  High  School ;  indeed,  it  is 
fff»ly  ooe  taken  of  him  dnring  that  session.  In  order  to  get  it  the  photographer 
to  Jt^***  at  some  diatsnce  so  Quentin  wonld  not  know  he  was  being  snapped. 
4)0  tbe  fitnre  [at  the  left  of  the  picture  in  the  light  cap],  while  oharaoteristio 
h-r  boy,  is  rather  small.  It  is  on  a  post^oard,  and  waa  taken  in  Alexandria, 
Vtipnia,  dnring^  George  Washington  oelebcation  in  1909  " 

jA  interest.  But  I  did  know  the  boy  Quentin.  The  sturdy, 
rona,  tow-headed  youngster,  just  emerging  from  childhood 
sdc^Moenoe — I  knew  him  very  well.  For  a  good  pjirt  of  his 
ftl>  yeta  I  knew  him  almost  in  thci'relatiooship  of  vti  elder 


212 


THE    OUTLOOK 


9  Ocloktr 


eleven  years.  I  remember  one  morning  I  assigned  him  two  solid 
pages  of  paradigms — all  of  the  Latin  pronouns,  personal,  rela- 
tive, interrogative,  etc.  It  was  all  new  ground  for  him.  He 
reported  to  me  in  an  hour  to  recite  the  lesson.  I  thought  it  was 
impossible  for  him  to  have  learned  so  nmch  in  such  a  short 
time ;  but,  as  I  recall  it,  he  made  only  two  mistakes  in  the  two 
jiagesl 

Life  had  many  mterests  for  the  boy  even  at  that  age.  Though 
he  read  much,  and  over  a  wide  range,  he  was  not  a  "  boolt- 
worm."  His  body  as  well  as  his  mind  was  always  active.  He 
loved  to  walk  and  to  ride  horseback.  He  seemed  to  learn  as  much 
from  nature  as  be  did  from  his  books. 

Animals,  especially  domestic  animals,  had  a  special  attraction 
for  him.  There  was  at  the  school  a  herd  of  cows.  Quentin  had 
a  name  of  his  own  selection  for  each  of  them.  The  barnyard 
had  a  peculiar  fascination  for  him,  especially  the  pigs.  I  don't 
remember  whether  he  had  names  for  each  of  these  or  not ;  but 
he  used  to  spend  much  time  watching  the  inmates  of  the  pen. 
There  was  one  runted  shote — the  smallest  of  the  litter — to 
which  he  took  a  particular  fancy.  One  day  he  bargained  with 
the  stableman  for  the  purchase  of  the  pig.  I  think  the  price 
agreed  upon  was  seventy-five  cents ;  but  those  were  not  war 
times !  Quentin  put  his  prize  in  a  crocus  sack,  slung  it  over 
his  shoulder,  and  started  off  bareheaded  for  the  Washington ' 
trolley,  some  two  miles  distant.  On  the  trip  to  Washington  the 
sack  was  placed  on  the  seat  in  front  of  its  owner.  No  one  sus- 
pected its  contents  until  one  passenger  in  the  crowded  car 
started  to  sit  down  on  the  bag,  when  a  squeak  came  forth  which 
was  heard  the  length  of  the  car.  Versions  of  the  story  varied 
as  to  the  final  disposal  of  the  pig.  Quentin  told  me  that  he  sold 
it  at  a  profit  to  some  man  in  M  ashington.  The  newspapers  got 
hold  of  the  tale,  and  declared  that  the  sack  was  carried  up  to 
the  White  House  and  its  contents  deposited  on  the  floor  in  the 
midst  of  the  assembled  family.  At  aJl  events,  Mr.  Roosevelt 
heard  of  his  son's  bargfain,  because  the  next  day  Quentin  was 
asked  to  bring  a  nicely  dressed  shote  over  from  the  School  for 
a  stipper  to  be  given  the  following  day  at  the  White  House  to 
the  Ben  Greet  Players. 

One  might  have  thought  that  a  child  who  had  from  his  birth 
been  more  (w  less  in  the  public  eye  and  who  sometimes  did 
things  differently  from  other  boys  would  have  oared  for  the 
lime-light.  But  never  did  any  one  shun  publicity  more  than 
Quentm.  The  newspapers  sometimes  published  little  stories 
about  him ;  but  the  boy  would  never  talk  to  a  reporter,  and  did 
all  he  could  to  keep  even  his  name  out  of  the  papers.  During 
his  nine  months  at  school  he  never  sat  for  a  photograph,  unless 
possibly  in  a  family  group.  He  would  always  run  if  he  saw  any 
one  approaching  with  a  camera.  When  the  Washington  papers 
lieard  the  pig  story  related  above,  a  number  of  reporters  ap- 
peared at  the  school,  several  of  them  armed  with  cameras. 
They  would  have  given  anything  for  a  picture  of  Quentin  with 
a  pig !  They  tried  to  snap  one  of  him  imawares,  but  he  dodged 
«ach  time  behind  one  of  the  other  boys.  Finally,  in  desperation, 
he  called  upon  the  county  magistrate,  who  ordered  the  r^>orters 
from  the  grounds. 

The  same  spirit  which  caused  his  colonel  at  the  aviation  field 
to  write  of  the  young  lieutenant  after  his  death, "  His  endeavor 
was  the  success  of  the  squadron,  rather  than  to  get  individual 
airplanes  to  his  personal  credit,"  was  noticeable  in  the  boy  of 
eleven.-  He  was  ever  mindful  of  others,  and  seemed  to  take 
especial  pleasure  in  doing  little  acts  of  kindness.  If  he  thought 
I  wanted  anything  from  the  little  country  store  near  the  school, 
he  would  be  off  to  get  it  before  I  would  express  the  wish.  He 
was  generous  almost  to  a  fault.  I  would  hesitate  to  admire  any- 
thing he  had  for  fear  he  might  insist  on  giving  it  to  me.  I  still 
have  and  treasure  a  number  of  more  or  less  valuable  articles 
which  he  presented  to  me. 

Quentin  left  the  school  a  few  weeks  before  the  Commencement 
in  1909  in  order  to  accommny  his  mother,  his  brother  Archie, 
and  Miss  Ethel  (now  Mrs.  Derby)  to  Europe.  After  some  weeks 
in  Italy  and  France,  the  party  returned  to  America. 

During  that  summer  I  received  several  post-cards  from  Quen- 
tin and  one  nine-page  letter.  It  is  a  most  remarkable  production 
for  a  boy  of  eleven.  It  shows  his  wide  interests  and  the  devel- 
opment of  his  mind  far  better  than  could  any  words  of  mine. 
Written  in  a  firm,  neat,  regidar  hand,  well  expressed,  in  the 


main  orthographically  correct,  it  would  have  done  credit  to  a 
much  older  tourist.  Save  for  an  absence  of  periods  and  capitak 
the  epistle  could  hardly  have  been  improved  upon.  The  first 
two  pages  are  devoted  to  school  references,  inquiries  as  to  his 
special  friends  there,  and  such  questions  as,  "  What  are  the  new 
little  kids  like  this  year  ?"  '^  Are  many  of  the  fellows  I  know 
not  back  ?" 

The  remainder  of  the  letter  ^ves  his  experiences  and  boyidi 
impressions  on  the  trip.  Here  are  some  extracts  which  illustrate 
the  Iray'g  impressionable  nature  as  well  as  his  intelligent  appre- 
ciation of  what  he  saw  on  his  travels : 

Isn't   Notre    Dame  wonderful?  I  think  anything  could  be 
religious  in  it ;  and  the  Louvre,  I  think  it  would  take  at  least  a 


^ "^'^  ^  >4, i^  (IJU  ^ il^ij^ 


FACSIMILE  OF  A   PAGE  OF  QITKNTIN  ROOSEVELT'S  EDROPEAK 
WRITTEN  IN  IWS)  WHEN  HE  WAS  EI.EVEN  TEARS  OLD 

year  to  see  it.  I  love  some  of  the  pictures.  I  think  the  little 
Infanta  Marguerita,  by  Velasqaez,  is  the  cnnningest  thing  I  evtf 
saw,  and  I  think  they  are  all  very  beaatifol.  .  .  . 

I  think  it  is  very  funny  that  their  [the  French!  way  of  cele- 
brating a  religious  feast  is  to  have  some  traveling  circus  come  in 
with  merry-go-rounds  and  pop-guns,  and  stay  till  the  J'9t»  is 
over.  .  .  . 

There  are  more  shops  open  on  Sunday  than  Monday  here, 
because  Monday  is  the  official  play-day,  and  cannot  be  losU . 

And  of  those  Cathedral  windows,  for  which  German  Sulh' 
has  recently  shown  no  respect,  this  American  boy  writes : 

I  think  that  the  stained  glass  they  hav«  here  is  very  besntifoL 
Just  think  of  having  twelfth-century  glass  in  a  church  windor 
to-«lay !  They  are  very  pretty.  There  are  some  beautiful  fifteentb- 
century  windows  at  a  little  place  called  Montfort  Lamoone. 
Simon ide  JV(o9tfort  used  .to, If ve  there,  or  rather  stayed  there 
some  time.  ' 


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1918 


THE   OUTLOOK 


213 


Recalling  tbe  days  we  had  spent  togetlier  with  his  Latin, 
Quentin  says  (see  the  facsimile  on  tbe  preceding  page) : 

While  I  wao  in  Italy  I  used  to  go  up  the  hill  and  have 
Latin  lessons  from  an  old  Coi-sican  monk  wlio  could  not  speak 
English — eo  I  had  to  talk  to  him  in  French.  He  prodaced  an 
ancient  French-Latin  erammar,  and  we  learned  all  the  verbs 
down  to  deponent  verbs.  His  pronunciation  was  no  younger 
than  his  boolcs,  and  he  pronounced  "t,"  "d" — like  "anuulos" 
for  "amatus."  But  I  really  leai-ned  a  lot,  and  I  wrote  all  the 
verbs  down  by  heart  in  a  copy  book. 

When  I  read  last  July  the  news  of  the  young  aviator's 
death,  I  thoaght  at  once  of  this  letter  he  had  written  me  so  long 
ago  fr«Hn  Paris.  I  had  a  vague  recollection  that  Quentin  had 
mentioned  something  about  airplanes  and  a  race  he  had  wit- 
nessed *' somewhere  in  France.'  I  took  down  my  album  of 
souvenirs,  found  the  letter,  and  these  were  the  firat  words  to 
catch  my  eye : 

We  were  at  Rheims  and  saw  all  the  aeroplanes  flyine,  and 
saw  Curtis  who  won  the  Gordon  Bennett  cup  for  swiftest  mght. 


You  don't  know  how  pretty  it  was  to  gee  all  the  aeroplanes  sailing 
at  a  time.  At  one  time  there  were  four  aeroplanes  in  the  air.  It  was 
the  prettiest  thing  I  ever  saw.  The  prettiest  one  of  the  ones  was 
a  monoplane  called  the  Antoinette,  which  looks  like  a  great  big 
bird  in  the  air.  It  does  not  wiggle  at  all,  and  goes  very  fast.  It 
is  awfully  pretty  turning. 

This  aerial  race  had  been  witnessed  at  Rheims.  The  fatal 
combat  had  occurred  just  east  of  Fere-en-Tardenois.  He  lieu- 
tenant, then,  had  fallen  within  twenty  miles  of  the  city  where 
nine  years  earlier  the  eleven-year-old  enthusiast  had  marveled 
at  the  four  aeroplanes  in  the  air  at  the  same  time. 

Is  it  possible  uiat  Quentin  even  then  longed  to  have  a  machine 
of  his  own  that  would  carry  him  "  like  a  great  big  bird  "  through 
the  air?  Let  the  reader  judge  for  hinuelf  from  these  closing 
words  of  the  letter : 

Tell  S that  I  am  sending  him  a  model  of  an  aeroplane  tiiat 

winds  up  with  a  rubber  band.  ITjey  work  quite  well.  I  have  one 
which  can  fly  a  hundred  yards,  and  goes  higher  tiian  my  head. 
Much  love  to  aU,  from  Quentin. 


66 


BREAD,  MEAT,  AND  BROTHERHOOD" 

AN  INTERVIEW  WITH  SIR  WILLIAM  GOODE,  OF  GREAT  BRITAIN'S  FOOD  MINISTRY 

BY  FULLERTON   L.  WALDO 


WIILE  in  London  recently  I  spent  an  afternoon  nith 
Sir  William  Goode,  Liaison  Officer  of  the  Ministry 
of  Food  with  the  United  States  and  Canada.  That  is 
to  say,  he  is  the  living  lidhiii  hiieen  Herbert  Hoover  and  Mr. 
Clynes. 

He  took  me  to  a  priyate'*flhowing  of  a  film  representing  the 
children  of  England  writing  letters  of  thanks  to  Mr.  Hoover. 
At  the  time  of  Mr.  Hoover's  visit  to  London,  when  he  received 
the  children's  thanks  in  person,  he  would  have  been  given  the 
Freedom  of  die  City  of  London  but  for  the  fact  that  there 
exists  no  precedent  for  conferring  that  freedom  unless  the 
recipient  has  taken  the  oath  of  alliance  to  the  Sovereign. 

Sir  William  Goode  is  of  the  quiet,  forceful,  decisive  type  to 
which  Mr.  Hoover  himself  belongs.  He  talks  withoat  sapona- 
oeous  exubeianoe.  He  is  devoid  of  fuss  and  feathers  and  petty 
official  oonsequenoe.  He  has  been  in  America  several  times,  and 
can  talk  Chicagoeee  as  well  as  English.  His  mind  is  of  the 
Lewis  gun  persuasion,  his  business  hiabit  is  methodical,  and  he 
keeps  statistics  under  lus  hand  as  a  field  marshal  reads  a  map 
and  envisages  the  detuL 

Sir  Wiluam  pointed  out  that  the  United  Kingdom  now  calls 
6n  America  for  sixty-five  per  cent  of  the  farmers'  essential  food 
9applies. 

•  Ti»  tkaet  keaas  in  tbe  iiet  are  bacon,  ham,  cheese,  cereals, 
^■ef  |tnd  pork,  condensed  milk,  and  sugar  .coroqMeinwMly  figure, 
tn»  hst  named,  however,  ooming  in  large  pert  from  Cuba  find 
Java.  Canada  shares  with  the  United  States  the  duty  of  sup- 
plying barley,  maize,  oats,  wheat.  Lard,  butter,  and  oil  seeds  are 
very  considerable  items.  Fortunately,  the  cereal  crop  of  the  Brit- 
ish Isles  this  year  is  highly  successful ;  the  stone-fnnt  crop  has 
been  an  utter  failure,  and  as  much  as  $1,500  an  acre  was  paid 
for  the  right  to  harvest  the  scant  production  of  pears  and 
apples. 

Two  wheat  crone  of  some  three  million  tons  each  ordered 
from  Australia  fell  by  the  wayside,  which  gave  America  the 
burden  of  supplying  the  deficiency. 

Sir  William  lays  stress  on  two  factors  which  have  had  much 
to  do  wiUi  America's  success  in  feeding  Great  Britain. 

The  first  is  the  individual  self-denial  of  Americans,  the  results 
of  which  are  now  directly  seen  every  day  and  everywhere  in  the 
British  Isles  in  tbe  ample  supply  of  ham,  bacon,  and  sausage 
made  availaUe. 

Another — soaroely  secondary — is  the  downright  candor  and 
clirectness  of  dealing  on  ihe  part  of  Mr.  Hoover,  who  has  so  ably 
filled  his  difficult  post  that  our  people  have  learned  to  trust  him 
and  have  complied  with  his  wishes,  realizing  that  he  seeks  noth- 
ing for  himseu  and  only  desires  to  do  what  will  win  the  war. 

**  That  Mr.  Hoover  has  made  good,"  declares  Sir  William, 


"  and  that  his  countrymen  and  countrywomen  have  fulfilled  his 
expectations,  we  in  Great  Britain,  with  rations  such  as  no  Ger- 
man civilian  has  seen  for  over  two  years,  have  every  reason  to 
know  and  to  appreciate,  thanking  Grod  as  we  eat  them  that 
President  Wilson  found  the  right  man  to  be  Food  Controller 
of  the  World." 

An  important  point  to  note  with  regard  to  the  diet  of  the 
working  population. of  Great  Britain  is  the  significance  of 
cheese.  The  average  workman  probably  wants  it  even  more  than 
he  wants  meat.  A  gallon  of  milk  is  needed  to  laake  a  pound  of 
cheese.  Cheese  is  manufactured  in  half  the  counties  of  Eng- 
land— Somersetshire,  Wiltshire,  Cheshire,  Leioestershire,  Lan- 
cashire especially.  If  the  makers  find  that  by  an  improperly 
regulated  scale  of  prices  they  are  losing  fonrpence  or  fivepenoe 
a  pound,  naturally  they  are  not  going  to  uontinue.  They  wUl 
d^  in  milk  instead.  The  price  adjustment  is  a  matter  which 
the  Ministry  is  bound  to  consider  carrfully  in  the  interest  of  the 
laboring  popoIatioD.  Most  of  the  eheese  now  ooming  from 
America  goes  not  to  the  oivifians  but  to  the  army. 

Another  matter  to  which  strict  and  constant  attention  must 
be  paid  is  unretarded  shipment,  lest  ham  and  bacon  spoil  in 
transit.  If  the  bacon  has  to  be  superimpregnated  with  salt  to 
save  it,  it  becomes  not  less  repiQjMfmt  to  Ihe  Britidi  palate  than 
it  would  be  to  our  own.  And  even  boiling  wffl  not  always  de- 
stroy the  excessive  salinity. 

By  a  hanpy  Implication  of .  the  phrase.  Lord  Rhondda  once 
described  Germaiiy  as  trying  to  bet^e  Autocrat  of  the  Break- 
fast Table.  "  Rationing  isiffe  price  'of  viuUiiy;"  he  saiit;  and 
rationing,  in  his  view,  represente<I  **  the  British  citizen  cheerfully 
accepting  lihe  -diaeipBae  that  «ti»Dgdien8  lis  ior  the  long  stress 
and  strain  of  war.' 

The  Hcfo.  J.  K.  Clynes,  the  new  Food  Controller,  justly 
observes  that  *'  our  very  daily  bread   becomes  sacramentaL 
That  famous  song  of  the  '*  Caller  Herrin' "  was  written  to  bring 
home  to  the  bosoms  of  indifferent  millions  the  peril  unoom- 

{tlainingly  incurred  each  day  by  those  who  dare  the  deep  to 
eed  us.  Those  who  go  down  to  the  sea  in  ships  to-day  are  put- 
ting their  lives  in  pawn  for  you  and  me.  Therefore,  if  we  dis- 
canl  the  nutritive  remnants  of  the  food  they  bring  instead  of 
gathering  it  into  baskets,  it  is  nearly  as  wrong  as  if  we  poured 
out  their  life-blood  in  a  ruddy  libation  to  the  sacrilegions  Hun. 
Sir  William  Goode  has  put  his  finger  on  the  central  vertebra 
of  Mr.  Hoover's  work  in  8a3ring:  "The  fnmkness  with  which 
he  has  treated  the  American  public,  his  utter  lack  of  self- 
Heeking,  and  his  disr^^rd  of  sdl  political  considerations  and 
departmental  traditions  have  brought  the  whole  of  the  Ainer- 
i<^an  Nation  behind  the  iKu-k  of  this  man  who  a  year  ago  ha<1 
taken  no  part  in  purely  American  affaii8."^_^ 

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SOME  RECENT  SCULPTURE 


LIKE  painting,  sculptortt  has  had  an  apparently  continu- 
ous history.  One  school  has  seemed  to  g^w  out  of  another, 
occasionaUy  broken  .by  a  surprising  £lgure  like  Michael 
Angelo.  The  death  of  Rodiii,  however,  the  hue  and  cry  about 
Mr.  Barnard's  "  Linooln."  the  exhibitions  in  New  York  City 
of  .the  works  of  Andrew  O'Connor,  Paul  Manshlp,  and  Victor 
Brenner's  bas-relief  of  Dr.  Lyiuan  Abbott,  and  the  special 
exhibition  at  the  Metropolitan  Museum,  may  well  have  dravra 
attention,  we  think,  to  various  tendencies  in  the  history  of 
sculpture. 

We  are  impressed  by  two  main  tendenciee :  the  first  towards 
mere  line,  the  second  towards  emphasizing  light. 

The  first  tenuency  must  have  started  with  the  primitiTe  sculp- 
tors ;  certainly  ve  know  it  through  the  early  Greeks.  Though 
their  technic^  skill  was  defective,  they  sought  to  copy  nature 
minutely.  The  tendency  has  continued  with  ever  less  of  Greek 
hardness  and  ever  more  of  anatomical  correctness  until  we  have 
the  fine  work  of  academic  French  sonlptors  such  as  Dubois, 
Carpeaux,  Merci^,  and  of  su(^  eminent  Americans  as  Saint- 
Gandens  and  Daniel  French — masters  of  clear  precision  of  line, 
even  though  their  work  may  betray  a  certain  tightness.  Their 
school  is  emphatically  one  of  delicate  appreciation  of  form, 
its  grace,  refiuement,  and  dignity.  In  its  highest  estate  this 
school  becomes  one  of  accurate,  beautiful,  and  sometimes  heroic 
and  monumental  outline. 

The  second  tendency,  of  greater  largeness  of  design  and  more 
massiyeness  of  material,  sprang,  we  suppose,  from  Phidias,  if 
not  from  some  earlier  unknown,  and  has  continued  in  the  con- 
temporary work  of  Rodin  in  France  and  Barnard  in  this  coun- 
try— artists  whose  works  reveal  fluency  and  vitality.  Their 
format  iwwevsr,  ob  Ibk  preoiaB  and  are  man  as  if  ■ontaaBtled 
hy  attaoafbesK. 

Let  us  craitrast  the  two  tendencies  in  past  and  present  sculp- 
ture. The  forms  of  Praxiteles  seepi  purer  and  more  dignified 
to  us  than  do  those  of  Phidias.   But  as  we  look  closely  at  them 


those  of  Praxiteles  are  apparently  checked  in  any 
movement,  while  those  of  Phidias   seem   in   continneil 
ment.    The  same  thing  is  true  of  the  contrast  in  the 
Dubois  and  Bodin :  the  forms  of  the  sculptor  first 
detailed  but  cold ;  those  of  the  second  are  less  defined 
alive. 

Mr.  Manship  and  Mr.  O'Connor  would  seem  to 
both  schools  of  sculpture.  But  the  emphasis  of 
differs  from  that  of  the  other.  Though  Mr.  Manship's 
are  buoyant  with  life,  he  apparently  emphasizes  line 
Mr.  O'Connor,  on  the  other  hand,  while  reflecting  the 
of  his  master,  Daniel  French,  for  line  and  for  sheer 
^auty,  shows  a  Bembrandt-like  emotion  which  hides 
depicts  line — the  principle  that  without  pose .  or  ap|wqp 
design  of  line  sculpture  shall  appear  capable  of  any  geolM 
which  the  hidden  spirit  within  might  call  on  it  to  make.  W< 
see  this  in  Mr.  O'Connor's  "  Cruci&cion  "  above  the  entrance  U 
St.  Bartholomew's  Church,  New  York  City,  in  his  statue  ol 
General  Lawton,  and  also  in  his  statue  of  Lincoln.  Tb« 
"  Lincoln  "  is  to  be  placed  before  the  Capitol  at  Springfidii, 
Illinois.  In  view  of  the  discussion  concerning  Mr.  Barnard': 
figure  of  the  great  Emancipator,  the  O'Connor  statue  is  dooUv 
noticeable,  and  our  illustration  of  it  (in  The  Outlook  of  Jamari 
16, 1918)  was  thus  timely — though  no  piece  of  seulptiuv,  ym 
believe,  can  ever  be  adequately  expressed  pictoriauy. '  "Xte 
is  true  of  the  illustration  of  the  Brenner  bas-relief  on  tbispnp. 

In  our  opinion,  both  as  impressions  of  types  and  as  stamp* 
of  character,  busts  and  bas-reliefs  sometimes  appear  to  ham 
a  certain  advantage  over  full-lenglli  statues.  AJs  to  tTPet  wt, 
seem  to  have  haa  proof  of  this  m  the  O'Connor  exhibifioB. 
■iidaato.iAiRaeber  m  the  iiM  irrlief  below.  Busts  and  bas-r^k^ 
are  often  a  further  remove  llisn  are  full-length  statues  bam 
the  atyiditJtl,-tberiiMiMii4Tyy.thw  riiangii^.  j3wy  give  as  aat 
the  t«!ii»[Kiiaiy  httt-tbepermiment  They  are  Jtat^waeatia^  in 
authority. 


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BKRHES,  BY  FRAXITKLE8 
DiaooYeied  at  (Hympia  in  1877.  One  of  the  greateat  vorka  of  the  Greek  aobool 


THB  THINKER,  BT   BODUi 
The  original  is  at  the  entrance  of  the  Puth&m  in  Paris 


JOAK   OF  AKC,  BY   PAUL  UUBUU  WDIAN   HDNTKR,  BY  PAUL  MAN8HIP 

front  ol  the  Orthedwl  at  Rheinu,  and  reported  to  be  still  nndamaged  In  the  garden  of  Mr.  Herbert  Pmtt  at  Glen  Cove,  Long  Inland 

EXAMPLES  OF  VARIOUS  SCHOOL^  OF  SCULPTURE  (See  article  on  preceding  pag«) 


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WITH  WHOM  AND   FOR  WHAT  ARE  WE  AT  WAR? 

BY  AN  EXPERT  IN  INTERNATIONAL  LAW 


IN  discussing  this  war  we  often  speak  of  it  as  a  war  between 
nations,  and  speak  of  the  German  Empire  as  if  it  wei-e  a 
nation  subject  to  the  rules  and  entitled  to  the  benefit  of 
international  law;  but  the  Kaiser  and  his  associates  in  the 
Prussian  military  autocracy  have  put  themselves  outside  the 
pale  of  international  law.  Long  before  the  war  began  the  Kaiser 
declared,  "  Nothing  must  henceforth  be  settled  in  the  world 
without  the  intervention  of  Germany  and  the  German  Empire." 
I^  istematicmal  law,  however, "  nations  are  equal  in  respect  to 
each  other  and  entitled  to  clitim  equal  consideration  for  their 
rights." 

So  far  from  being  satisfied  with  the  natural  development  of 
her  manufactures,  her  agriculture,  and  her  commerce,  the  Ger- 
man leaders  maintained  the  right  and  the  duty  to  make  war  for 
the  acquisition  of  territory  and  the  destruction  of  rivals.  Bern- 
hardi  declared, "  France  must  be  so  completely  crushed  that  she 
can  never  again  cross  our  path." 

1.  Ia-<refeienoe  to  tlie  ooiidnct  of  war  they  were  even  more  audar 
cious.  Nietzsdie  describes  the  German  warriors :  "These  men 
are,  in  reference  to  what  is  outside  their  circle  (where  the  foreign 
oountty  begins)  not  much  better  than  beasts  of  prey.  .  .  .  They 
feel  that  they  can  revert  to  the  beast  of  prey  conscience  like 
jubilant  monsters  who,  perhaps,  go  with  bravado  from  the 
ghastly  bout  of  murder,  arson,  rape,  and  torture."  This  descrip- 
tion has  been  realized  during  the  present  war. 

It  is  true  that  before  the  war  the  Imperial  Governments  went 
through  the  form  of  sending  delegates  to  international  conven- 
tions. The  most  notable  of  these  was  at  The  Hague,  in  1907. 
In  one  of  the  conventions  adopted  at  The  Hague,  and  signed 
by  tiie  delegates  of  Germany  and  Austria,  it  was  agreed : "  Arbi- 
tration is  recognized  by  uie  contracting  Powers  as  the  most 
effective  and  at  the  same  time  the  most  equitable  means  of 
settiiug  disputes  which  diplomacy  has  failed  to  settle."  In  order 
to  facUitate  immediate  recourse  to  arbitration,  an  arbitral  tri- 
bunal had  been  established. 

Another  convention,  signed  by  the  same  delegates,  r^ulated 
the  laws  of  land  warfare.  Among  other  things,  it  was  agreed 
that  prisoners  of  war  should  not  be  employed  m  works  that  had 
any  connection  with  the  war  (^rations.  "  All  necessary 
measures  should  be  taken  to  spare  as  far  as  possible  buildings 
devoted  to  religious  worship,  arts,  science,  and  charity,  historical 
monuments,  and  places  of  assembly  of  sick  and  wounded." 
"  Hie  honor  and  the  rights  of  family,  the  life  of  individuals, 
and  private  property  should  be  respected."  "  Private  property 
shall  not  be  confiscated."  Contributions  in  money  in  occupied 
territory  shall  be  levied  "  only  for  the  needs  of  tiie  army  or  of 
the  administration  of  said  territory."  "  Looting  is  positively 
forbidden."  Hospital  ships  shall  be  respected.  The  bombard- 
ment of  undefended  cities  or  villages  is  forbidden.  "It  is 
forbidden  to  lay  sobmariiie  mines  off  the  coasts  and  ports  of  the 
enemy  vritb  the  sole  object  of  interrupting  commercial  naviga- 
tion.''^ 

.Long  before  these  cmiTfflitions  were  made  it  was  a  principle 
of  intemati(Hial  law  that  a  merchant  vessel  should  not  be  cap- 
tured without  giving  to  the  passengers  and  non-combatants  on 
board  an  opportunity  to  depart  in  safety. 

From  the  beginning  of  the  war  every  one  of  tiiese  sacred 
rules  has  been  persistently  and  brutally  violated"  by  the  Germans 
and  tlie  Austrians.  With  the  approval  of  Germany,  at  the  out- 
set Austria  refused  to  arbitrate  the  matter  in  difference  between 
herself  and  Serbia.  They  have  thus  placed  themselves  outside 
the  pale  of  civilized  communities  and  have  become  nothing  more 
than  organized  bands  of  pirates,  entitied  to  no  more  considera- 
tion than  were  the  buccaneers.  These  also  had  a  certain  rude 
.  government.  Their  principles  of  action  were  similar  to  those 
of  the  Germans  and  Austrians  in  this  war.  They  were  finally 
suppressed. 

It  is  our  business  in  this  war  to  suppress  the  buccaneers  of 
the  twentieth  century.  We  shall  win  the  war.  Overtures  for 
peace  will  be  made,  as  they  have  been  made,  the  design  of  which 
has  been  and  will  be  to  enable  these  pirates  to  retam  as  much 

216 


of  their  booty  as  possible.  Such  peace  would  simply  ^ive  the* 
an  opportimity  to  repair  their  losses  and '  renew  dieir  attaeLi 
upon  peaceful  nations.  What,  therefore,  we  ought  to  obtais 
may  be  summed  up  in  one  famous  phrase :  "  Indemnity  for  tiie 
past  and  security  for  the  future." 

To  gain  these  results  we  ought  to  impose  upon  the  conqn«n4 
Imperial  Governments  of  Germany  and  Austria  terms  whid 
wiU  execute  themselves  and  will  not  be  dependent  on  the  guoi 
faith  of  those  who  have  shown  by  their  actions  that  they  hm 
no  sense  of  honor,  and  love  a  lie  more  than  the  truth. 

Before  considering  the  terms  in  detail,  let  us  note  the  anakn 
between  the  situation  of  the  .\llies  in  this  war  and  that  of  & 
United  States  in  1865.  Then,  as  now,  we  were  fi^^hting  f<jr 
fundamental  principles.  It  was  impossible  for  tlie  United  Stita 
to  permit  for  a  moment  the  dissolution  of  the  Union  or  the  emi- 
tinuance  of  a  government  founded  on  slavery.  As  Mr.  Linroli 
said  in  1868 — and  the  words  are  equally  true  to-day  : 

The  real  issue  in  this  country  is  the  eternal  struggle  between 
those  two  principles — right  and  wrong — throughout  the  worid 
They  are  the  two  principles  which  liave  stood  &ce  to  face  from 
the  beginning  of.  time,  and  will  ever  continue  to  struggle.  The  one 
is  the  common  right  of  humanity,  and  the  other  tlie  divine  right 
of  kings.  It  is  the  same  principle  in  whatever  shape  it  develo|H 
itself.  It  is  the  same  spirit  that  says,  "  You  work,  and  toil,  and 
-    earn  bread,  and  I'll  eat  it." 

To  establish  forever  the  principles  of  justice  and  f  reedcn 
which  are  the  foundation  of  the  American  Constitution  ■< 
refused  again  and  again  to  make  any  terms  with  the  Coaid 
erate  Government  which  involved  its  continuance  or  the  contiiiii' 
ance  of  slavery.  We  did  not  count  the  cost,  either  in  life  or  b 
money,  and  we  were  deaf  to  every  overture.  We  repeatdh 
offered  protection  to  the  rights  of  individuals  in  the  S<nith  aai 
compensation  for  emancipation.  But  on  the  two  main  pmnts.  tk 
contmuanoe  of  the  Union  and  the  abolition  of  slavery,  we  vere 
inexorable.  It  is  equally  important  now  that  we  refuse  u; 
propositions  for  peace  which  will  not  include  the  destruction  «f 
the  Prussian  and  Austrian  autocracy  and  compensation,  as  iv 
as  possible,  for  the  oountiess  woes  it  has  brou^fht  apoo  tk 
world. 

The  details  are  far  more  complicated  than  they  were  st,t^ 
end  of  the  Civil  War,  but  the  principles  are  the  same.  Let  v 
consider  these  details. 

Indemnity  Jbr  the  past. 

This  indemnity  should  be  based  on  the  fact  tiiat  it  is  tir 
Prussian  military  system  that  is  respousibla  ludemoity,  then- 
fore,  should  be  token,  not  in  the  form  of  a  Government  paynm- 
but  by  a  seizure  of  the  property  of  the  guilty.  Indemnity  fns 
the  Government  could  be  raised  only  by  a  loan.  The  taxes  wiu-i 
would  be  levied  to  pay  the  interest  on  this  loan  would  come  ? 
part,  at  least,  out  of  the  plain  people.  These  have  been  deoeiTni 
by  a  persistent  system  of  falsehood,  and  thus  have  been  lih 
sheep  led  to  the  slaughter. 

It  is  claimed  by  some  that  the  great  commercial  and  mu- 
facturing  interests  tif  Germany -jmd  Austria -joined  from  thf 
first  witn  the  military  caste,  and  that  the  war  was  the  deTe^<f> 
ment  of  their  joint  greed  and  ambition.  Whether  this  be  «>  •■ 
not,  it  is  at  least  clear  that  the  commercial  and  manu&cturaii 
interests  of  Germany  and  Austria  could  have  prevented  the  «>- 
Whether  or  not,  therefore,  they  actually  promoted  it  at  the  ok 
set  is  unimportant.  They  are  jointly  responsible.  Some  of  the: 
property  in  the  Allied  countries  has  already  lieen  seized.  Wbe 
ever  their  property  can  be  found  in  these  countries,  that  slini 
in  like  manner  be  seized.  Their  property  in  the  Central  Eupini 
should  equally  be  appropriated  at  tiie  end  of  the  war.  The  i*" 
fund  which  would  thus  be  available  shoidd  be  applied  to  nul 
good  the  actual  losses  which  have  been  inflicted  upon  the  ytov- 
of  Belgium,  France,  Italy,  Serbia,  and  Rumania.  The  G«nib 
Government  is  responsible  for  the  Turkish  atrocities  oonuBilk' 
against  the  Chrbtians.  For  these  also  reparation  should 
made. 

When  til  is  is  done,  a  suitable  amount  should  be  i^propnM- 


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towards  paying  the  expenses  of  the  war  which  has  been  forced 
upon  the  Allies.  There  would  be  a  remnant  which  should  be 
applied  to  the  relief  of  the  suffering  of  the  x)lain  people  of 
Germany.  There  will  be  at  the  end  of  the  war  innumerable 
widows,  orphans,  and  wounded  men  in  the  Central  Empires 
who  cannot  Justly  be  blamed  for  the  crimes  that  have  been 
committe<l.  It  is  very  important  that  some  provision  should  be 
made  for  them,  so  that  in  the  countries  now  under  the  sway  of 
the  two  Kaisers  there  should  be  hereafter  an  opportunity  for 
the  plain  people  to  develop  a  new  and  better  national  life.  In 
this  way  it  wUl  appear  to  the  people  of  these  countries  that  our 
object  is  justice  and  not  vengeance. 

A  very  important  part  of  this  system  of  compensation  is  the 
taking  over  of  all  the  Grerman  and  Austrian  ships  that  have 
been  seized  during  the  war.  This  will  constitute  a  partial  and 
appropriate  indemnity  for  the  ships  that  have  been  piratically 
sunk. 

Another  and  very  important  ^rt  of  indemnity  for  the  past 
is  the  punishment  of  the  great  criminals.  Here  again  we  have 
an  American  preoed«it.  There  was  a  German  named  Wins  who 
held  a  commission  imder  the  Confederate  Government  and  was 
it  in  charge  of  the  prison  at  Andersonville.  In  violation  of  the 
iw8  of  war  he  caused  to  be  killed  many  of  these  prisoners. 
When  the  war  was  over,  he  was  arrested  and  tried  before  a 
emnpetent  court  for  murder.  The  specification  was  that  he  had 
pnt  to  death,  in  violation  of  the  laws  of  war,  certain  men  who 
were  prisoners  in  his  custody.  He  was  found  guilty,  condemned 
to  death,  and  executed.  We  thus  established  the  principle  that 
killing  men,  even  during  war  and  imder  cover  of  a  commission, 
is  murder,  if  in  doing  it  the  perpetrator  willfully  violates  the 
laws  of  war. 

It  should  be  our  business,  when  the  two  Kaisers  are  subdued, 
to  make  inquiry  for  the  men  who  are  responsible  for  the  shame- 
ful violations  of  the  laws  of  war,  tar  more  cruel  than  Wirz  com- 
mitted, and  bring  them  to  trial  before  a  court  martial.  Let  them 
have  tie  benefit  of  counsel,  as  Wirz  had,  but  let  us  equally  apply 
to  them  the  words  of  the  project :  "  He  shall  have  judgment 
widioat  mercy,  that  hath  showed  no  mercy." 

One  of  the  most  conspicuous  of  these  men  is  the  commander 
of  the  submarine  who  stuik  the  Lusitania.  In  his  case  the  crime 
is  especially  clear,  for  after  he  had  disabled  the  ship  by  his  first 
torpedo  he  fired  another,  the  only  object  of  which  could  have 
be(«  to  hasten  her  sinking  and  destroy  the  lives  of  those  on 
board.  This  was  as  mudi  murder  as  though  he  had  taken  a  rifle, 
picked  out  one  of  the  women  on  deck,  aimed  directly  at  her, 
and  killed  her.  There  are  those  above  him  who  have  approved 
his  action  and  rewarded  him  for  it,  They  can  be  ascertained, 
and  no  rank  should  save  them  from  a  like  condemnation. 

It  is  only  by  such  an  exercise  of  justice  that  we  can  hope  to 
nreveBt  tiie  oommission  of  similar  crimes  in  the  future.  We 
nope,  indeed,  to  estaUish  a  commonwealth  of  nations  which 
ttlmll  in  the  future  make  war  impossible.  Whether  this  will  suc- 
ceed or  not,  we  cannot  teU.  But  if  there  ever  should  be  another 
vrar  the  men  who  go  into  it  should  now  be  made  distinctly  to 
understand  that  they  do  so  at  their  peril,  and  that  the  leaders 
who  involve  tbousands  and  perhaps  millions  of  innocent  victims 
in  bloody  strife  cannot  expect  immunity  when  the  strife  is 
over. 

Bemdes  the  punishment  thus  to  be  inflicted  on  the  persons  of 
these  murderers,  there  are  robberies  for  which  restitution  must 
be  enforced.  Nothing  in  modem  warfare  compares  with  the 
pillaee  of  these  Huns.  There  must,  after  the  war,  be  a  search 
for  ^  the  8t(den  property,  and,  as  far  as  possible,  it  should  be 
netomed  to  the  rightnil  owners. 
Indemnity  far  the  future. 

The  first  thing  will  be  to  draw  the  teeth  of  tihe  monsters  with 
utIknu  we  are  fitting.  All  the  munitions  of  war  of  every  kind 
Rrhich  then  shafl  be  in  the  possession  of  the  two  Kaisers  and 
iieir  Governments  must  be  taken  away.  Their  manufactories 
•f  saeh  nraaitions  must  be  broken  up.  If  there  is  any  machinery 
n  them  which  can  be  of  nse  to  the  Allies,  it  should  be  turned 
D  as  part  of  the  indemnity.  Everything  else  should  be  de«*tmyed. 
C  for  example,  the  Kmpp  factories  at  Essen  can  be  used  for 
K^aujefol  purposes,  care  should  be  taken  that  they  are  put  to 
hiM  oae  only.  Otherwise  they  should  be  razed  to  the  grotmd. 
t  is  i»r  bettor  that  Bertha  Kmpp  shoiUd  labor  for  an  honest 


living  and  ^ve  up  making  guns  to  kill  Christians  gathered  in 
church  on  Good  Friday ! 

Complaint  would  doubtless  be  made  that  this  would  leave  the 
two  allied  Empires  defenseless.  In  executing  this  decree  they 
should,  however,  be  permitted  to  provide  for  an  adequate  police 
force.  In  the  League  of  Nations  which  should  be  formed  as  part 
of  the  readjustment  of  the  world  that  this  war  compels  there  will 
be  provision  for  the  protection  of  individual  nations  against 
wanton  aggression. 

Another  important  element  in  this  reoonstructimi  is  a  declara- 
tion by  the  Allie<l  Powers  tliat  the  two  Kaisers,  having  deliber- 
ately oi^anized  a  military  system  for  the  subjugation  of  the 
world,  and  having  persistently  violated  the  laws  of  nations  in 
carrying  out  their  plans,  have  forfeited  all  right  to  sovereignty, 
and  that  their  thrones  have  become  vacant.  This  would  be  a 
similar  principle  to  the  action  of  the  English  Parliament  which 
in  1689  declared  that  King  James  II  had  "abdicated  the  Gov- 
ernment, and  that  the  throne  is  thereby  become  vacant." 

It  may  be  claimed  that  this  action  of  the  Allies  would  be  in 
violation  of  the  right  to  self-government  that  America  is  main- 
taining, but  it  is  so  only  in  apiiearanee.  Every  right  is  insep- 
arably eonnected  with  a  corresponding  duty.  The  principle  of 
the  old  maxim,  "■  Protection  and  allegiance  are  inseparable," 
is  of  universal  application.  The  moment  the  two  Eoiisers  and 
their  Governments  joined  with  the  governments  of  other  nations 
in  international  conventions  they  thereby  declared  themselves 
to  be  part  of  an  international  system.  They  admitted  that  each 
nation  owed  certain  duties  to  the  rest.  For  example,  in  one  of 
the  conventions  adopted  at  The  Hag^ue  ia  1907  the  Emperor  of 
Germany  and  the  Emperor  of  Austria,  as  well  as  the  rulers  of 
othier  Powers,  declared  that  they  were — 

Animated  by  the  sincere  desire  to  wprk  for  the  maintenance 
of  general  peace. 

Kesolvea  to  promote  by  all  the  efforts  in  their  power  the  set- 
tlement of  international  disputes. 

Recognizing  the  solidarity  uniting  the  memherti  of  the  society 
of  civilized  nations. 

In  the  face  of  this  convention,  how  can  the  two  Kaisers  con- 
tend that  they  and  their  Governments  have  not  become  a  part 
of  an  international  society  ?  If,  then,  they  commit  crimes  against 
that  society  on  the  scale*  of  this  present  war,  they  cease  to  be 
rulers  recognizine  obedience  to  the  law  of  God  and  to  inter- 
national law,  and  become  pirates.  This  is  manifestly  an  abdi- 
cation of  the  throne,  and  should  be  treated  as  such  by  all  the 
nations. 

Taking  this  position  does  not  give  to  the  Allied  Powers  the 
right  to  impose  new  sovereigns  upon  Germany  or  upon  the 
kingdoms  composing  the  Empire  of  Austria-Hungary.  It  is  for 
the  people  of  tnese  countries,  in  constituent  assembly,  to  choose 
their  new  rulers ;  but  for  all  international  purposes  the  Imperial 
houses  of  Hohenzollem  and  Hapsburg  must  cease  to  exist.  They 
have  too  long  tyrannized  over  their  own  people  and  destroyed 
the  peace  of  the  world. 

Under  newly  chosen  rulers  and  forms  of  government  base<l 
upon  the  fundamental  principle  of  freedom,  guarded  by  and 
subject  to  law,  we  may  nope  that  these  countries  will  become 
loyal  and  peaceful  and  prosperous  members  of  the  great  family 
of  nations.  If  they  do,  they  will  half  a  century  hence  look  with 
as  much  satisfaction  upon  their  emancipation  as  the  South 
does  upon  the  abolition  of  slavery  and  the  restoration  of  the 
Union. 

There  is  one  important  element  in  this  oonstmotive  pro- 
g^mme  which  remains  to  be  mentioned.  For  iliat  we  have  a 
pre<.-edent  in  the  reconstmctitm  of  the  American  Union  after 
the  Civil  War.  It  is  provided  by  the  fourth  section  of  the  Four- 
teenth Amendment  that  "  Neither  the  United  States  nor  any 
State  shall  pay  any  debt  or  oblation  incurred  in  aid  of  insur- 
rection or  rebellion  a^^ainst  the  United  States,  or  any  chum  for 
the  loss  or  emancipation  of  any  slave ;  but  all  such  debts,  obli- 
gations, and  claims  shall  be  held  illeg^  and  void." 

In  like  manner,  it  should  lie  provided  at  the  end  of  the  present 
war  that  no  debt  incurretl  either  by  the  Empire  of  Germany  or 
that  of  Austria-Hunerary  in  aid  of  the  present  war  shall  be  paid, 
but  it  shall  be  held  Ulegal  and  void.  The  continuance  of  this 
debt  would  be  an  impossible  burden  for  the  people  of  thest' 
Central  Empires  if  the  indemnity  before  meutioue<l  is  provided. 


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90ctalia 


It  is  better  to  cancel  it  at  once.  It  would  be  right  to  make 
«ome  provision  for  small  holders,  who  would  be  impoverished 
by  the  loss  of  all  their  savings.  But  the  debt  was  contracted 
for  punioses  of  aggression  and  crime,  and  is  therefore  illegal 
and  void. 

These  propoeiticmB  will  seem  radical  But  the  fundamental 
principle  upon  which  they  are  based  is  the  sole  justification  for 
the  entrance  of  America  into  the  war,  namely,  that  the  war  is  a 
war  of  aggression  begun  by  the  Central  Empires  as  part  of  a 
plan  to  subjugate  the  world,  and  that  in  the  course  of  the  war 
they  have  committed  every  possible  crime.  When  this  is  remem- 
bei«d,  it  will  appear  that  these  terms  are  just  and  that  the 
enforcement  of  them  is  the  only  possible  security  against  another 
war.  In  reality,  they  are  far  more  merciful  and  less  likely  to 
promote  continued  rancor  than  would  the  boycott  proposed  by 
many. 

The  author  of  this  article  was  one  of  the  first  to  urge  upon 
the  Government  and  people' of  the  United  States,  immediately 
after  the  sinking  of  the  Lusitania,  that  America  should  inter- 
vene in  defense  of  her  own  rights  and  the  rights  of  all  nations ; 
that  convoy  should  be  provided  for  merchant  shipping ;  and  that 
the  German  ships  and  terminals  which  were  within  our  juris- 
<liction  should  be  seized.  Our  Government,  with  the  unanimous 
approval  of  our  people,  has  finally  done  all  this.  It  has  declared 
war  in  a  righteous  cause ;  our  people  are  incurring  countless 


sacrifices  in  the  prosecution  of  that  war,  and  we  mnst  neToriot 
until  the  objects  for  which  we  b^an  it  are  accomplished. 

These  were  summed  up  by  the  President  in  his  reply  to  tbe 
c(Hnmunication  of  his  Holiness  Benedict  XIV,  "  Peace  shoilil 
rest  upon  the  rights  of  peoples,  not  the  rights  of  govemmenti- 
tbe  rights  of  peoples,  great  or  small,  weak  or  pQwerfol— dttir 
right  to  freedom  and  security  and  government.' 

One  advantage  of  dealing  with  our  treacherous  foe  in  At 
manner  proposed  is  this :  Our  victorious  armies  will  ere  long  k 
in  Germany.  The  indignation  that  has  been  roused  in  tk 
soldier's  breast  by  the  crimes  committed  would  naturally  ienj 
to  retaliation.  If  the  Allies  should  announce  their  fixed  parpott 
to  punish  the  real  criminals  and  spare  the  civilian  popnlstka 
who  have  not  shared  in  the  crimes,  the  latter  would  be  ibor 
mercifully  treated. 

Another  advantage  would  be  this :  The  German  leaden  ban 
stimulated  the  population  at  home  to  renewed  sacrifioe  b; 
assuring  them  that  if  the  Allies  conqner  and  get  a  footing  b 
Germany  the  people  there  would  suffer  as  tbe  Frendi  tad 
Belgians  have  suffered.  This  appeal  has  been  effective.  If  it 
make  it  known  that  the  contrary  will  be  the  case  and  tiist  tor 
aim  will  not  be  the  desolation  of  the  country,  but  the  pomtl^ 
ment  of  the  real  criminals — in  a  word,  "  retributive  justice"— 
the  German  leaders  will  find  their  people  indifferent  or  era 
opposed  to  tbe  continuance  of  the  war. 


CONSCIENTIOUS  OBJECTORS—AND  OTHERS 


BY   FRANCIS    LYNDE 


T DAMPING  the  rounds  of  one  of  the  great  cantonment 
training  centers  a  short  time  since,  I  came  upon  a  squad 
of  soldier  road-builders  leveling  the  ^rade  for  a  macadam 
surfacing  of  one  of  the  camp  streets.  A  little  apart  from  the 
squad,  and  contemptuously  ignored  by  the  others,  stood  a  man 
wno  looked  as  if  he  might  be  posing  tor  the  camera.  He  was  in 
eitizen  dothes,  and  his  hair  and  beard  were  long  and  unkempt. 
His  face,  with  the  small,  closely  set  eyes  of  one  with  the  narrow- 
est possible  outlook  upon  life,  was  rigidly  immovable  in  every 
line,  yet  it  shone  with  a  sort  of  fierce  raptness — the  self-hypi^o- 
tized  ecstasy  of  the  martyr  or  the  fanatic.  His  hands  were 
grasping  a  pick,  half  lifted  and  held  motionless,  as  if  the  holder 
had  been  stricken  with  catalepsy  at  the  instant  when  the  imple- 
ment was  swinging  upward  for  the  stroke. 

"  One  of  them  '  conscientious  objectors,'  "  rasped  the  hu^ky 
yotmg  corporal  bossing  the  squad — this  in  answer  to  my  ques- 
tion. "  That  blame'  fool's  been  standin'  that  way  for  two  solid 
hours,  and  I'll  bet  he's  tired  enough  to  keel  over  in  his  tracks. 
But  he  won't  work." 

I  became  interested  at  once.  Tbe  phrase  "conscientious 
objector"  has  been  in  everybody's  pouth  and  in  the  news 
commns  now  and  then  ever  since  war  was  declared ;  but  in  all 
my  camp  wanderings  this  was  the  first  time  I  had  ever  seen  a 
specimen  at  short  range.  Later  in  the  same  day  I  came  across 
more  of  the^.  As.  the  attitude  of  the  other  members  of  the 
road-grading  squad  had  mdicated,  these  men  who  would  neither 
fight  nor  work  were  jmriahs  in  the  camp,  shunned  as  moral 
lepers  migl)t  be.  The  real  soldiers  in  training  would  have  nothing 
to  do  with  them ;  would  neither  bunk  nor  mess  with  them.  The 
small  group  that  I  saw  was  bunking  in  a  tent  apart  and  cooking 
the  provisions  issued  by  the  mess  sergeant  over  a  tiny  open  fire, 
alone,  disregarded,  despised.  To  all  inquiries  from  a  curious 
stranger  they  were  dumb ;  but  there  remained  another  and 
better  source  of  information.  The  records  of  a  certain  school  of 
investigation  maintained  now  in  all  of  the  great  training  camps 
gave,  in  terse  military  phrase,  the  story  of  each  "  objector." 
And  these  records  I  was  permitted  to  read. 

Broadly  divided,  the  "  objectors "  fall  into  two  distinct 
classes :  uose  who  are  conscientiously  sincere,  and  those  who 
are  just  plain  malingerers  trying  to  hide  behind  a  hastily  thrown 
up  barrier  of  what  they  offer  as  their  religious — or  other — con- 
victions. Of  these  twQ  classes  the  first  |iafned  is  by  far  ^he  most 


numerous.  Within  the  Nation's  borders,  and  each  having  a  mare 
or  less  tangible  organization,  there  are  some  ten  or  more  reli^ 
ioua  denominations  or  sects  whose  tenets  forbid  participatun  is 
warfare  on  the  part  of  their  members.  The  strictness  oi  tbe 
prohibition  varies  widely  in  the  different  bodies.  In  tbe  larpot 
and  most  influential  of  them,  the  Friends  or  Quakers,  the  Imei 
are  liberally  drawn.  Friends  may,  and  do,  offer  their  eernes 
freely  ii^  many  kinds  of  war  work — in  almost  any  capataty  sin 
the  actual  bearing  of  arms ;  and  it  is  a  matter  of  hononUt 
record  that  they  refuse  neither  the  most  menial  of  camp  tub 
nor  the  most  dangerous  of  those  in  the  field.  They  ohearfnU; 
enter  the  Medical  Corps  as  individuals  and  balk  at  nothing  w 
long  as  the  job  is  one  of  life-saving  and  not  of  life-taking.  A 
few  of  those  with  whom  I  talked  were  even  willing  to  tint 
that  there  may  be  such  a  thing  as  a  justifiable  war  righteon 
in  its  aims,  and,  while  they  did  not  hold  themselves  free  to  tah 
human  life,  they  were  eager  to  do  what  their  consciences  wooU 
allow. 

Much  lower  in  the  war  service  scale  come  the  various  ae^ 
of  the  Mennonites.  These  people,  of  whom  there  are  probab^ 
less  than  a  total  of  100,000,  all  told,  in  the  United  States,  an 
of  far-away  German  descent,  our  first  increment  coming  to  tlii 
country  from  Germany  and  Holland  early  in  our  history  vi 
settling  in  Pennsylvania.  Ijater  migrations  have  come  fnun  tbt 
German  colonies  in  Russia,  settling  in  the  West.  They  an  > 
simple  folk,  farmers  for  the  most  part,  and,  while  th^v  n 
small  congrerations  dotted  here  and  there  throughout  the  ^(^ 
and  Middle  W^est,  most  of  their  representatives  anumg  dc 
drafted  men  come  from  Minnesota  and  the  Dakotas.  Titer 
tenets  are  few  but  rigid.  They  eschew  the  use  of  the  laior,  ty 
hair-cutting  scissors,  and  of  buttons.  They  accept  no  aathon? 
outside  of  the  literally  interpreted  Bible,  and  lay  great  86«* 
upon  such  Scriptural  passages  as  inculcate  the  sacrednesa  it 
human  life.  Their  prejudices  have  been  respected  by  many  «*> 
making  nations.  Even  Napoleon  exempted  the  Mennouitetd 
the  Vosges  from  military  service,  though  he  did  employ  tbs 
in  his  army  hospitals.  , 

There  are  all  shades  of  *'■  objectors  "  am<H>^  the  Mennooit» 
Some  will  consent  to  wear  the  uniform  and  will  accept  bospini 
service.  Others  will  work  in  the  Sanitary  Corps  or  in  the  litw 
bearer  or  ambulance  units,  but  will  not  wear  tbe  anif<B 
because  they  say  it  identifier  them  with  .the  fighting  men.  Sb 


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}then  4mw  a  fine  line  between  heljung  the  slightly  wounded 
uid  the  desperately  wounded ;  it  is  agtunst  their  conscience  to 
belp  to  refit  a  ^lan  for  the  fighting  line.  Still  forther  down  the 
tale  are  those  who  resolutely  refiue  to  tidce  pirt  in  war  aotivi- 
ties  of  any  sort  or  form,  holding  that  even  the  man  who  helps 
»  make  tibe  rpads  in  a  cantonment  is  aiding  and  abetting  the 
:hiDg  which  lus  conscienoe  declares  to  be  smfuL  In  this  sub- 
lirision  was  the  long-haired  pick-holder  with  the  cataleptic 
pose,  set  lips,  and  unseeing  eyes. 

So  that  these  protesters  be  utterly  sincere,  the  Government 
leals  leniently  with  them.  And  here  let  me  say  that  the  sinoer- 
ty — or  the  lack  of  it— is  brought  out  very  clearly  and  conclu- 
ivelv  in  the  school  of  investigation  above  mentioned.  Generally 
ipeaking,  the  man  is  recommended  for  such  service  as  he  can 
onscientiously  accept.  Failing  to  find  any  task  in  actual  war 
tctivities  that  will  fit  in  with  his  convictions,  the  authorities 
nil  assign  him  to  agricultural  work,  turn  him  over  as  an 
nlisted  man  to  some  nirmer,  with  the  generous  proviso  that  he 
9  to  be  g^ven  the  going  rate  of  wages  paid  iu  the  district  to 
rhich  he  is  sent — all  this  upon  unquestionable  evidence  of 
bsolute  sincerity.  It  is  a  curious  commentary  on  the  quirks  of 
luman  nature — or  fanaticism — that  a  few  of  the  most  rigid  of 
hese  religionists  will  even  refuse  the  farm  work,  claiming  that 

0  do  it  at  the  command  of  the  military  authorities  is,  in  fact, 
nly  an  indirect  method  of  hdping  the  Government  to  make 
rar. 

Scattered  here  and  there  among  the  religionist  objectors  who 
re  entirely  sincere  will  be  found  a  few  hypocritical "  slackers  " — 
len  who  are  deliberately  usin^  an  assumed  religious  conviction 
B  a  means  of  escape  from  military  service.  Usually  they  are 
asily  exposed.  On  my  visiting  day  one  man  came  before  the 
caminers  with  the  plea  that  he  was  an  Amish  Mennonite,  and 
lerefore  could  not  be  a  soldier  in  any  sort.  The  examining 
fieflE* •gndnate  of  one  of  our  best-known  theological  schoou 
nd  m  eaUoge  professor,  quickly  ran  him  ashore. 
**  How  loBg  have  you  been  a  member  of  the  Mennonite 
harcfa  ?"  was  the  first  question. 

**  Oh,  ever  sence  I  was  a  little  fellet.   M'  folks  is  all  Men- 
jnites." 

"  Yes  ;  but  when  were  you  converted  and  baptized?" 
This  was  a  test  question,  though  the  man  did  not  seem  to 
alize  it,  answering,  glibly  enough,  "  When  I  was  a  little  feUer 
-«'  long  ago  that  I  don't  jest  rioollect." 
The  answer  was  fatal.  The  sect  to  which  the  man  claimed  to 
Jonjg  admits  to  membership  only  those  who  are  old  enough 
telligently  to  declare  their  belief  and  to  accept  baptism  as  a 
dantary  act.  But  the  e^miner  gave  him  another  onance. 
**  Yon  say  that  you  believe  the  Bible  and  accept  it  as  your 
li^ous  guide ;  how  often  do  you  read  it  ?" 
**  Oh,  ever'  day — yes,  sir ;  ever'  single  day  o'  the  world  1" 
"  Do  you  read  any  other  books?" 
The  objector  shook  his  head.  "Nothin'  but  the  Bible." 
'*  Very  well.  Name  for  me  the  first  four  books  of  the  New 
>0tainent." 

Tlie  man  under  fire  stroked  his  beard,  which  was  not  long 
ough    to    make  him   a  Mennonite  of  very  long    standing, 
Ywned,  looked  out  of  the  window,  and  finaUy  admitted  that 
didn't  know. 

'■'■  Yet  you  say  you  read  the  Bible  every  day.  Can  you  name 
y  one  book  in  it  ?" 

Again  there  was  a  frowning  silence,  followed  by  an  admission 
inability  to  do  even  that  much. 
Xhe  officer  glanced  at  me  and  smiled. 

^  Perhaps  the  names  are  too  hard  for  you  to  pronounce,"  he 
d  to  the  pleader  for  a  discharge.  "  We  U  try  something  else. 
lote  me  one  single  passage  from  this  Bible  which  you  say  you 
id.  every  day." 

Failnre  again,  and  the  man  was  dismissed  abruptly.  Later  I 
n  permitted  to  read .  the  concluding  words  of  the  examining 
io^r's  report  on  this  fellow  with  the  extremely  poor  memory. 
iii«inoere.  Recommended  for  active  service." 
'  1  knew  he  was  a  slacker  at  the  first  glimpse  of  him,"  the 
«««»r  told  me.  "  You  can  judge  pretty  well.  lie  claimed  to  be 
*■  iVmish.'  But  it  was  plainly  evident  that  his  hair  and  beard 

1  been  allowed  to  grow  only  a  few  months,  at  the  farthest. 
i<l  yoar  real  Mennonite  can  quote  the  Bible  by  the  wile." 


Onoe  in  a  while  the  Army  gets  hold  of  a  "jpaoifist "  objeotor, 
recalcitrant  upon  ethical  rawer  than  religious  grounds,  and 
here  again  there  are  several  shades.  The  pacifist  who  is  a  rea- 
sonably good  citizen  and  is  not  a  Socialist  ci  the  extreme  type 
is  usually  willing  to  accept  service  limited  to  some  purely  non- 
combatant  field.  One  of  these,  a  man  of  fair  education  and  some 
argumentative  ability,  defended  his  position  upon  ex^eafhedra 
Christian  grounds.  Though  he  did  not  claim  to  t>e  a  member  of 
any  Christian  body,  he  asserted  his  belief  in  certain  ethical 
standards  drawn  from  the  Bible,  which  he  quoted,  by  the  way, 
quite  intelligently  and  copiously.  Christian  ethics,  by  the  prin- 
ciples of  which  the  Christianized  nations  at  least  profess  to  be 
governed,  teach  the  doctrine  of  ncm-resistance,  ne  asserted, 

? noting  liberally  from  the  New  Testament  to  support  the  view, 
fpon  these  prmciples  he  was  content  to  take  nis  stand.  He 
could  not  consent  to  take  human  life  or  to  abet  any  one  else  in 
so  doing. 

A  few  well-directed  questions  put  by  the  eacaimniiig'  offiow 
quickly  developed  the  fact  that  this  man  was  merely  a  physical 
coward — a  fact  which,  in  the  end,  he  frankly  admitted.  Also 
he  was  entirely  without  shame,  since  nothing  that  the  examiner 
could  say  would  serve  to  arouse  any  true  spirit  of  manhood  in 
him. 

^  Pretty  poor  material  for  any  sort  of  place  in  this  man's 
army?"  I  ventured,  after  the  objector  had  been  dismissed. 

"We'll  fix  him  so  that  he'll  be  glad  to  get  a  chance  to  fight," 
was  the  smiling  rejoinder.  And  a  few  days  afterward  I  saw  this 
man  going  about  the  camp  with  a  gunny-sack  slung  about  his 
neck  and  m  his  hand  a  broomstick  with  a  sharpenea  nail  stuck 
in  the  end  of  it  in  which  he  was  spearing  and  collecting  stray 
bits  of  paper,  cigar  and  cigarette  stubs,  and  other  unconsidered 
trifles  of  camp  fitter ;  "  K.  P."  they  call  it,  meaning  thereby 
"  kitchen  police."  But  the  phrase,  or  rather  the  epithet,  has 
been  broadened  to  include  any  especially  menial  work  about  the 
camp,  such  duty  being  often  imposed  as  a  mild  form  of  punish- 
ment. 

Quite  apart  from   the  conscientious  objectors,  religious  or 

Seudo-religious,  are  the  rebels  against  the  existing  social  order, 
ere,  again,  no  two  are  alike.  Tnere  are  many  Socialists  in  the 
Nationid  Army  who  are  entirely  willing  to  do  thmr  citizen  duty ; 
able  to  understand  that  American  democracy,  however  far  short 
of  Socialistic  ideals  they  may  conceive  it  to  fall,  must  not  be  per- 
mitted to  pass  under  the  domination  of  a  swollen  class  autocracy 
from  which  a  goodly  number  of  them,  of  foreign  birth,  onoe 
fled. 

I  tidked  with  one  of  these,  by  nativity  a  Russisih  Jew  of 
Odessa.  He  was  enthusiastically  full  of  fight,  and  knew  very 
well  what  he  was  going  to  fight  for. 

"  I  go,"  he  nodded.  "  I'm  Socialist — sure ;  but  in  dia  Amer- 
ica ve  been  free ;  not  like  in  Russia ;  not  like  in  Chermany. 
Chermany  makes  of  Russia  slaves — of  all  countries  slaves.  I 
know ;  vonce  I  been  dere.  If  Chermany  vin,  we  go  baokvorts. 
I  fight  1" 

Oi  another  kidney  was  a  smooth-faced,  well-fed  "  pacifist " 
with  hard  eyes,  a  square  jaw,  and  a  permanent  sneer  on  his 
thick  lips — a  man  who  was  brought  to  the  examiner's  office  under 
guard. 

"  There's  nothing  to  it,"  was  his  insolent  reply  to  the  first 
question  addressed  to  him.  "  The  workingman  who  lets  himself 
be  bullied  into  this  thing  is  a  fool.  You  can't  put  anything 
over  on  me." 

The  officer  made  casual  mention  of  a  court  martial  which 
mi^ht  possibly  lead  to  a  penal  sentence,  and  this  cleared  the  air 
a  bit. 

"  Yes,  I  was  bom  in  this  country,  but  I  don't  call  myself  a 
citizen,"  the  man  qualified  after  that  word  about  the  court. 
"  I  am  a  citizen  of  the  world,"  with  an  expansive  gesture. 
"  This  is  a  rich  man's  war,  and  I  refuse  to  fight  in  it.  Why 
should  I  go  over  to  the  old  countries  and  kill  the  people  of  my 
own  class?  There's  nothing  doing." 

Crisply  it  was  explained  to  him  that  he  had  no  personal 
choice  m  the  matter.  As  a  native-bom  American,  certain  obli- 
gations fell  upon  him  which  he  was  bound  to  fulfill  or  suffer 
the  penalties.  If  he  had  conscientious  objections  to  bearing 
arms,  he  was  privileged  to  state  them.  Otherwise — 

His  arm-sweep  was  a  complete   pantomime   of  contempt. 


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Conscience,  as  other  folk  define  the  word,  meant  nothing  to 
■4»izn.  That  wasn't  why  he  objected  to  fighting.  He'd  fight  fast 
enough  for  a  cause  of  his  own  choosing.  Men  were  sheep — 
just  Aheep  to  be  driven  ;  the  Socialists  of  Germany  and  France 
and  England  were  sheep.  It  was  precisely  as  Marx  had  said, 
and  he  quoted  lengthily  from  the  writings  of  the  great  Social- 
istic doctrinaire — quoted  <M>rrectly,  too. 

I  did  not  see  the  report  which  was  made  on  this  man,  but  I 
could  guess  well  enough  about  what  it  would  be.  Recalcitrant 
in  every  drop  of  his  blood,  refusing  to  serve,  refusing  to  work, 
refusing  even  to  don  the  uniform,  a  Leavenworth  sentence  was 
probably  staring  him  in  the  face.  A  good  riddance,  one  would 
say,  for  an  army  made  up  practieaUy  in  its  entirety  of  men 
who  are  calmly  ready  to  fight  and  to  die,  if  need  be,  for  a 
national  ideal. 

One  other,  and  still  more  curious,  "  objector  "  case  came  np 
in  this  same  cantonment.  The  man  in  this  instance  was  a  Rus- 
sian who  had  learned  to  speak  En^flish  before  he  had  left  his 
native  land.  He  was  not  naturalized  and  had  never  sought 
citizenship  in  America.  Questioned  as  to  why  he  refused  to 
fight,  he  answered  quite  baldly  that  America's  quarrels  were 
none  of  his.  To  quote  himspe^cally : 

*'  I  don^t  owe  this  country  a  single  luting.  Ixame  here  to  work, 
and  the  promises  that  were  maae  to  me  before  I  left  the  old 
country  turned  out  to  be  all  Kes-^dirty  lies.  All  I've  wanted 
since  was  a  chance  to  get  back  to  Russia.  I  couldn't  get  back, 
and  that's  why  yott've  got  me  here." 

^sked  if  he  were  a  Socialist,  he  shook  his  head.  "Bolshevik," 
he  corrected,  tersely. 

"  You  say  you  r^id  English  ;  if  so,  yon  must  know  what  Ger- 
many has  done  to  your  people  in  the  matter  of  the  Brest-Litovsk 
treaty." 

"  Sure  I  know !  If  I  oonld  be  in  Russia,  I  would  fight  them." 


"  But  why  not  fight  them  in  th6  American  Army  T' 

"  Because  I  don't  choose  to.  I  am  not  an  American,  and 
don't  owe  this  country  anything.  I  fight  with  my  own  peql 
and  for  my  own  people.  No,  I  am  not  afraid.  You  have  me  u 
you  can  do  with  me  what  you  please — take  me  out  and  dw 
me,  if  you  like.  But  I  fight  not  for  America." 

I  forbore  to  ask  what  would  be  done  with  this  man,  bat  tiia 
is  room  for  the  surmise  that  the  military  authorities  found  U 
case  something  of  a  puzzle.  As  an  alien,  and  a  citizen — (»  al 
ject — of  a  nation  that  was  once  an  ally  of  our  allies  and  wise 
may  be  again,  he  could  hardly  be  made  the  subject  of  a  cm 
martiaL  On  the  other  hand,  he  could  scare^y  be  interned  s  i 
enemy  alien.  But,  apart  from  these  alternatives,  he  was  a  ia 
gei-ous  man  to  be  turned  loose  at  a  time  when  we  are  tnii 
and  sentencing  our  own  B^sheviki. 

One  exceedingly  reassuring  conviction  the  investagato?  i 
these  curious  cases  of  perverted  view-points  must  bring  vn 
with  him  from  any  first-hand  study  of  the  recalcitrants  of  i 
classes.  It  is  the  assurance  that  the  great  heart  of  America  i 
it  is  expressed  in  our  new  Army  beats  strong  and  tme  on  d 
side  of  loyalty  and  devotion  to  the  democratic  ideab.  H 
"  objectors  "  in  any  sort  -are  so  few  as  to  l)e  wholly  neg^igiU 
In  the  cantonment  in  question  there  were  at  the  time  of  myH 
between  sixty  and  seventy  thousand  men.  An  infinitesia 
fraction  of  one  per  cent  wouki  number  the  unwilUnig  ones,  eioi 
ing  tliose  who  had — or  thought  they  had— souikI  r^ign 
grounds  for  their  objections,  vmo  were  sincere  in  tSadr  mm 
talions.  They  were  so  rare  that  they  were  objects  of  oanoiin 

If  America  as  a  whole  shall  prove  to  be  as  nearly  one  ImKtii 
per  cent  patriotic  as  an  analysis  of  this  one  camp  city  vx 
seem  to  indicate — and  one  would  have  to  be  a  oonfinned  pei 
mist  to  doubt  it — ^we  can  well  afford  to  disregard  the  Gtana 
propaganda-made  bugbear  of  an  unwiUtHt  cituenry. 


HOME  TO  ENGLAND 

BY  GREGORY   MASON 

STAFF  CORRESPONDENT  OF  THE  OUTLOOK 


This  is  the  concluding  article  dealing  with  our  correspondent's  long 
articles  from  England  will  tell  of  the  American  naval  activities  on  the 
ence  from  France. — The  Editobs. 

REGRETFULLY  on  a  clear,  oool  winter  morning  in  mid- 
June  the  Shidznoka  Maru  cast  off  the  lines  that  bound 
her  to  healthy,  comfortable,  and  picturesque  Cape  Town 
and  picked  her  way  out  of  TaUe  Bay  among  anchored  Ameri- 
can sailing  vessels — a  pleasant  sight  with  their  tall,  graceful  spars 
shining  against  the  background  of  blue  bay  or  blue  mountain. 
Those  ships  were  the  first  large  deep-sea  wind-jammers  we  had 
sighted  between  Singapore  and  the  Cape.  The  sight  of  them 
would  have  made  any  American  proud  of  his  oonntry,  the  more 
so  if  he  could  have  heard  our  English  passengers  speaking  of 
them  admiringly  and  saying  that  they  had  nothing  like  them  in 
England.  The  Shidzaolor  passed  dose  between  two  of  than — « 
slim,  lofty,  five-masted  schooner,  the  Wyoming,  of  New  York, 
and  a  handsome  four-masted  barken  tine,  the  Willis  A.  Holden, 
of  Pensaoola,  Florida. 

*'  Funny  names  you  have  in  America,"  said  a  colonial  chap ; 
"  but  dashed  if  they  aren't  rather  pretty,  specially  those  Indian 
ones,  or  Spanish,  or  whatever  they  are.  Pretty  nearly  every-  . 
thing  that  comes  to  South  Africa  from  the  United  States  comes 
in  those  sailing  ships  nowadays,"  he  added,  "  and  most  of  what  we 
used  to  get  from  England  we're  getting  from  the  U.  S.  A.  now." 

Cape  Town  seems  more  En^ish  than  Johannesburar,  more 
comfortable  and  with  less  hustle.  As  a  place  to  settle  in  it  seems 
preferable  to  the  city  on  the  veldt.  Not  only  our  tired  ship  and 
crew  were  sorry  to  leave,  but  all  our  passengers  as  well,  includ- 
ing several  new  ones  who  were  going  home  from  South  Africa 
to  join  up.  I  had  noticed  most  of  them  the  night  before  in  my 
hotel  kissing  two  Brunhildic  barmaids  good-by. 

"  Do  you  hiss  them  all  ?"  I  asked  the  younger  and  prettier  of 
the  barmaids. 


journey  from  China  to  England  by  way  of  Sooth  Africa.    FoOon 
other  side,  and  these,  in  turn,  will  be  foUowed  by  qiecial  com^ 

•"  Of  course  we  do,  when  they're  going  home  to  join  up,"  i 
answered.  "  But  it  always  makes  me  want  to  cry.  We've  « 
so  many  of  them  go,  and  so  few  come  back."  And  she  sigik^ 
she  turned  to  the  line  of  candidates  for  her  £ueweli  salnte  wii 
had  "  formed  at  the  right." 

Thus  we  all  hung  on  the  rail  vristfnily  as  l^ble  Monoi 
changed  from  bine  to  brown  in  the  increasing  distance.  It  i 
neariy  sunset,  though,  before  we  put  that  maf^ifioent  bold  h 
land  below  the  horizon  and  fdt  that  we  had  really  left  brii 
South  Africa,  "  the  happiest  place  in  the  world,  as  a  hi 
passenger  said,  "  because  it  is  ndl  of  great,  strong,  faeahhj  i 
and<women  who  ride  wonderfully  and  don't  think." 

But  the  spirit  of  that  land  followed  us  in  the  riiape  ti  ^ 
majestic  albatrosses  that  rode  and  mounted  and  i^pped  t 
wheeled  on  the  wind  behind  us  undl  we  reached  a  tmaoitr  i 
enervating  for  those  great  clean  birds  of  the  oool  Oape  * 
Their  bodies  were  long  and  slim,  like  racing  boata,  and  i 
wings  were  long,  slender,  and  curved  like  scytiies,  and  fiol 
when  the  birds  tilted  till  the  tip  of  <me  wing  cat  fateoogfc  i 
water  while  the  other  beckoned  to  the  son. 

There  was  cool,  calm  weather  for  several  days  aadfrw: 
Cape.  The  sun  was  at  its  northern  declination,  aaA  thr  ) 
were  very  short.  At  Cape  Town  the  sun  did  not  rise  ilBtS  o^ 
eight,  and  it  set  before  five.  The  sunrises  andsnnseta  mrofe  mii< 
pieces  in  dull  gold.  The  water  was  a  lighter,  less  vivid  r 
than  in  the  tropics.  On  the  third  or  fourth  day  oat  we  aa« 
coast  of  what  was  once  called  German  Southwest  Africa, 
would  never  have  sighted-it  had  we  taken  the  oourae  f<ii)<' 
in  ordinary  days. 

Signs  of  these  abnormal  times  appeared  each  day  on  tbrirt 


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CURRENT    EVENTS     ILLUSTRATED 


I" 


I  WILL 


BACK  YOU 


A  POSTEK  USED  TO  SPEED  UP  PATRIOTISM  AMONG  WORKERS  ON  A  GRKAT  GOVERNMENT  BtTTLniNft 
'Iltia  atlikiDK  p<Mt«r  wiw  uwl  to  encounter  (lie  :t,.'i<N)  liiborer<  on  llii*  new  Army  iiiiil   N'»vy  Offit-v   BuiKIinK  at  Wasliiii(;ioii,  iIik  larveat  buihiine  of   ill 
kiod   in    the  ooontry.     It  wiut  <l<*si|pir<l  by  Mr.  (Jerrit  A.  Hfin-ker,  an  artist  eniployeil  by  the  Ooveminent  under  the  title  of  "Expert  Aiil,   Navy 
Department."  Copies  of  tt  were  K'ven  to  the  iiien  ta  Wrell  an  |ia*te<l  up.    See  tlie  ac-ooiint  under  tlie  head  "  Work  and  Fight  " 


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(C)  Intenudonal  Film  Service 


ilritl&h  umtial,  (LJ  Uiiilerw.Tocl  A;  Unilcrwootl 


GENERALALLENBY,  THE  CONQUEROR  OF  THE  TURKS  TURKISH  PRISONERS  CAPTURED  BY  BRITISH 

General  Allenby's  success  in  routing  the  Turkish  arruies  and  captnr-  Nearly  fifty  thousand  Turks  are   reported  to  have  been  captured  in  the  reoeot  gntt 

ing-  great  numbers  of  prisoners  has  been  a  notable  event  of  the  war  drive  in  Palestine,     Representative  types  are  shown  above 


I^Mkli 

L. 

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■^^ 

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^^c^.          ^H 

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(C)  Central  New 

A  SERBIAN  LOOKOUT  WATCHING  A  BATTLE 

The  obiservatioii  post  from  which   this  Serbian  soldier  h 

watching  is  situated  far  above  the  plain,  in  the  mountainous 

region  in  which  the  present  campaign  is  being  fonght 


(<  )  Intcfnatliinal  I-ilm  Service  (C)  Inlcm.ilinn*!  I-ilm  Si-rvtce 

CAPTAIN  DE  GERY,   OF  THE  LBXMQN  A   MEMBER   OF  THE   LEGION 

VETEKANS  OF  THE  FAMOUS  FRENCH  FOREIGN  LEGION 
A  detiiehnient  of  the  Legion  liiis  come  to  America,  under  the  auspices  of  the  French  High  Co 
mission,  to  help  in  the  Fourth  Liberty  Ijoan  drive.  Thev  will  be  seen  in  tuaoy.4>art»<if  the  co"'''''  ' 

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ft—  Wmtnting  Service 

THE  LATE  ARCHBISHOP  IRELAND 

Arohbnhop  Ireland  waa  one  of  the  beat-known  and  beat-lored  prelates  of 

the  Roman  Cathidio  Choroh  in  Amsrioa.    See  editorial  estimate  of  Ua 

oharaeter  and  inflnenoe 


if          1  -    Mar 

jtSi 

■^■-■^^-f- 

i 

%;1 

;. 

r 

^H^^^^ 

t.*-„  -     . 

FRENCH  GIRLS  WHO  WILL  ENTER  AMERICAN  COLLEGES 

Fifty  yonne;  French  women,  winners  of  soholarahips  offered  by  Amerioan 

colleges,  have  arrived  here.   After  graduating  they  ezpeot  to  retam  to  IVaaoe 

to  introdnoe  Amerioan  methods  into  French  schools 


THE  DEMONSTK^ITION  GAIiDEN  qV,  THE  NATIONAL  WAR  GARDEN  COJOIISSION  AT  CAMP  DIX 
Bagii  1^  Scott  aod  Mr.  Oharlea  L.  Padk,  President  of  the  War  Gardens  Commissina,  an  seen  in  the  piotare  eauBuui^  some  of  the  com  grown  by  the  soldiers 

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224 


THE    OUTLOOK 


9  October 


First  it  was  the  horn  d^cniwen  which  were  omitted  at  dinner, 
then  the  nuts  and  raisins,  then  an  extra  meat  course.  Next 
lunch  was  cut  down,  and  then  even  breakfast.  The  Shidzuoka 
had  t^en  on  at  Cape  Town  all  the  food  she  would  get  until  she 
returned  to  South  Africa  on  her  homeward  voyage,  with  the 
exception  of  fish  and  fruit,  which  she  was  to  get  at  her  next 
stop,  a  port  on  the  west  coast  of  Africa. 

ft-w^s  an  uneventful  vmrage  frwn  Cape  Town  to  that  port — a 
voyj^  of  tBrelve  days.  We  sighted  a  Japanese  cntiser  just  out- 
side of  Cape  Town^and  then  no  other  ship.  After  the  first  three 
days  our  wireless  stopped  sputtering,  and  we  were  alone  with 
the  friendly  silence  of  the  sun  and  sea  and  sky.  The  generous 
west  wind  unceasingly  stroked  our  faces,  and  the  days  were  not 
uncomfortably  hot  even  on  the  equator.  This  was  a  contrast 
to  the  heat  we  had  had  in  the  same  latitudes  cm  the  other  side 
of  Africa.  Thisdifferencecommonly  exists,  say  seamen.  Perhaps 
there  is  som^hing  kinder  and  honester  about  the  Atlantic,  or 
it  may  have  been  only  the  imagination  of  the  homesick. 

In  order  to  catch  a  convoy  of  ships  which  was  forming  at 
the  West  African  port  for  England,  the  Shidzuoka  Maru  b^gan 
to  stretch  her  legs,  and  her  Saiiy  runs  bewildered  the  passen- 
gers, who  had  organized  a  pool  on  the  basis  of  previous  averages. 

Day  after  day  clouds  marched  past  us  in  an  unceasing  stream 
and  in  weird  shapes  like  a  barbarous  army  en  route — wagons, 
lancers,  elephants,  camels.  At  evening  the  red-hot  sun  rolled  over 
the  horizon  to  the  coast  of  South  America,  and  each  morning  it 
rose  just  as  hot  over  by  the  coast  of  Africa.  There  were  names 
that  were  either  memories  or  melodies  or  both.  Angra  Pequeiia, 
where,  in  the  smiting  sun  six  years  before  Columbus  saw.  the 
Bahamas,  Barthcdomew  Diaz  planted  a  marble  cross  to  the  glory 
of  his  God  and  Portugal.  Then  a  mingle-mangle  of  Spanish, 
French,  Portuguese,  English,  and  African  names — names  that 
sing,  names  that  ring,  and  names  that  roar  like  war  drums. 
Mossamedes,  Novo  Kedondo,  Loanda,  Boma,  and  Banana, 
sluiced  by  the  silt  of  the  Congo ;  Cabango,  Kasongo,  Bango, 
Kong.  The  Bightof  Biafra,  washing  Spanish  Guinea  ;  the  Bight 
of  B^in,  Is^ping  dark  Dahomey.  Then  the  coasts  where  white 
men's  lusts  have  n^ed  like  African  sitns — the  Gold  Coast,  the 
Ivory  Coast,  the  Slave  Coast  with  Lagos  and  Grand  Popo, 
Brass,  Bunny,  and  Little  Popo.  Then  the  Grain  Coast  and 
Liberia,  with  its  Robertsport  and  Marshalltown  jumbled  with 
names  which  are  war  cries.  Behind  it  all  the  black  heart  of 
Africa — Conrad's  "  Heart  of  Darkness  " — the  last  frontier, 
where  even  now  the  white  man  has  probed  nearly  everywhere 
in  his  read^sness  or  greed,  careless  alike  of  massacre,  slow  fever, 
and  the  burning;  sim,. 

One  gray,  ramy  mornih^we  jvere  pleasantly  surprised  by  our 
first  view  of  the  land  and  port  we  were  seeking.  We  bad 
expected  a  flat  land  of  sand  and  cocoanut  palms.  Instead  there 
'lay  ahead  a  chain  of  lovely  green  hills  at  the  mouth  of  a  river 
.which  forms  the  harbor  of  the  town.  To  the  right,  near  a 
lighthouse  on  a  point,  was  a  stranded  German  steamer  which 
had  struck  the  hax  months  before. 

i  The  Negroes  in  this  place  looked  even  more  like  our  Negroes 
at  home  than  did  the  natives  of  South  Africa  I  had  seen.  In  the 
town  they  kept  their  bodies  draped  in  bright,  multi-colored 
garments,  but  in  the  country  they  parted  with  even  their  dear 
colors  for  the  sake  of  coolness.  There  were  no  street  cars  in  the 
town  and  few  other  conveniences,  except  a  narrow-gauge  rail- 
way running  up  into  the  hills  where  the  whites  live  to  escape 
the  heat  and  the  fever. 

I  visited  a  number  of  native  villages,  for  we  were  in  port 
several  d&y».  In  one — the  farthest  from  the  coast — the  dwell- 
ings were  straw-thatched  huts,  and  here  a  few  presents  of 
ook>red  glass  beads  produced  a  warm  welcome  from  the  head- 
man. Tne  other  villages  were  quite  disappointingly  civilized. 
AU  the  houses  in  them  were  frame  wooden  structures,  and  some 
even  had  stone  foundations.  There  was  a  Wesleyan  church  in 
most  of  them,  and  the  interiors  of  the  houses  were  decorated 
with  the  colored  religious  prints  of  the  Wesleyans  or  with 
photographs  of  American  Negro  prize-fighters. 

The  native  women  were  rather  better4ooking  than  the  men, 
because  they  do  more  work,  and  through  carrying  heavy  loads 
on  their  heads  acquire  a  graceful  carriage.  They  suggested 
carvings  of  Egyptian  women  as  they  swam  along  in  their  light, 
flowing  draperies,  with  big  baskets  or  jars  on  their  heads. 


In  a  threshing  rain  early  in  July  thirteen  ships  got  their 
anchors  with  much  rattling  of  chains  and  put  out  of  that  stifling 
West  Coast  harbor.  They  went  out  in  single  file,  with  a  big. 
eight-gun  auxiliary  cruiser  in  the  lead,  camouflaged  outrageously. 
'  She  stood  out  among  the  others  like  a  circus  chariot  amoii*; 
wheelbarrows.  Once  clear  of  the  bar,  the  rear  ships  spurted,  anil 
all  began  jo<^eying  for  position  as  racing  yachts  do  l)efore  the 
starting  gun.  The  cruiser  and  four  of  the  others  Iiad  been  orig- 
inally planned  for  passenger-carrying,  and  two  l>esides  ourselves 
had  passengers  aboard.  The  cruiser  was  the  fastest  of  the  con- 
voy, with  a  record  of  nineteen  knots  an  hour  to  her  credit.  One 
of  the  other  passenger  boats,  which  could  do  sixteen  knots,  came 
crowding  up  on  our  quarter  so  close  that  we  could  have  thrown 
an  orange  to  her  monkey  mascot  on  the  bridge,  and,  sprinting, 
nipped  right  across  our  bows.  In  peace  time  such  a  maneuver 
'  would  have  been  almost  excuse  for  ramming  and  murder !  The 
ships  were  forming  in  two  parallel  lines,  and  this  one  placed 
'  herself  in  the  middle  of  the  first  line.  We  fell  back  to  the  center 
of  the  seeond  line,  perhaps  the  safest  place  in  the  convoy.  The 
fact  that  we  carried  women,  mails,  and  valuable  cargo  proba- 
bly counted  for  less  ih  gaining  us  this  privileged  position  than 
the  fact  that  we  were  a  fairly  new  boat  and  the  third  fastest  of 
1  the  group.  It  is  policy  to  place  the  -older,  slower,  and  less  valu- 
able; boats  in  the  dangerous  positions  on  the  outside,  and  the 
wings  of  our  two  lines  were  guarded  by  rusted,  pitte«l  trampti 
whmn  not  the  gaudiest  war  paint  could  beautify. 

The  relative  positions  which  we  took  then  were  held  all  the 
way  to  England,  except  that  the  big  cruiser  roamed  from  side 
to  side  in  iulvanoe  of  her  flock,  like  a  sheep  dog  sniffing  for 
wolves,  and  except  that  a  boat  with  a  sin^e  short  mast  antl 
sawed-off  funnel,  which  made  her  look  something  like  a  destroyer, 
kept  dropping  behind.  ■  We  were  setting  the  pace  which  she,  as 
'  the  slowest,  had  said  was  the  most  she  could  make,  and  she  ooold 
not  make  it.  After  a  morning  when  we  found  this  vessel  a  mere 
feather  of  smoke  where  our  wakes' dropped  over  the  horizon,  we 
permanently  adopted  a  slower  gait,  to  the  relief  but  shame  of 
tliat  slowpoke  as  she  painfully  lumbered  up  to  the  lingering 
convoy. 

Then  on  we  went  together,  like  a  fleet  close  packed  in  a 
narrow  channel.  But  even  at  those  close  quarters  the  tricky 
painting  on  all  but  two  of  us  made  it  seem  that,  instead!  of 
traveling  together,  we  were  steering  about  in  a  dozen  different 
directions. 

The  way  those  thirteen  ships  kept  their  relative  positions 
through  foggy,  moonless  nights  was  a  revelation  of  the  beauti- 
ful art  of  navigation.  W^e  advanced  in  long  zigzags.  Cacb 
time  the  course  was  to  be  changed  there  would  come  a  sharp 
whistle  or  a  stabbing  flash  from  the  leading  ship  (with  a  light 
screened  against  possible  foes  ahead),  and  that  was  all.  By  day 
signal  flags  went  fluttering  up  and  fluttering  down  again  on 
eivery  ship,  and  war  news  wirelessed  to  our  armed  protector 
wentthrough  the  convoy  as  semaphored  gossip. 

The  regulations  which  screwed  lioards  over  all  port-holes  at 
night  drove  most  of  our  passengers  to  sleep  on  deck.  By  tl»«" 
side  of  mattress  or  steamer  chair  each  man  or  woman  put  life- 
belt, warm  overcoat,  and  other  aids  against  the  emergency  which 
we  all  joked  about  but  all  half  exijected. 

Rumors  of  submarines  came  thicker  and  faster.  We  were 
getting  into  higher  latitudes,  and  had  already  passed  safely 
through  some  of  the  regions  where  U-boats  had  been  reported 
as  lying  in  wait  for  us.  Our  captain  rarely  left  the  bridge,  and 
eight  or  ten  pairs  of  trained  eyes  were  constantly  sweeping 
the  water  on  all  sides  of  us,  not  to  mention  the  voluntary  look- 
outs. The  g^n  in  the  bow  and  the  higher  one  in  the  stem  werv 
uncovered  and  loaded.  The  big  auxQiary  cruiser  twisted  and 
tacked  from  side  to  side  of  her  slower  convoy  in  her  increasing 
anxiety  as  chaperon.  Our  zigzags  became  shorter  and  more  vit>- 
lent.  One  minute  we  would  h^d  for  Gibraltar,  then  swing  off 
for  Rio,  and  a  little  later  lay  a  course  back  toward  our  last  port. 
The  bookworms,  who  trie<l  to  keep  their  deck  chairs  in  the 
shade,  gave  up  in  despair.  Yet,  despite  this  erratic  steering, 
we  were  nearing  England,  as  the  colder  and  mistier  weather 
vouche<l. 

One  soggy  afternoon  in  the  sleepy  hour  just  after  tea  an 
auxiliary  cruiser  dashed  out  of  the  fog  flying  the  French  colors. 
Obediently  one  of  our  number  detached  herself  from  the  others 


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1918 


THE   OUTLOOK 


225 


aud  settled  in  at  the  cruiser's  heel  as  that  ship  laid  off  for 
France. 

''  Thank  the  Lord  I"  breathed  one  of  our  passengers ;  "  now 
we're  only  twelve." 

"  I'm  sorry,"  another  dis{^;reed ;  "  thirteen  is  a  lucky  num- 
ber for  me." 

''  Well,  it's  still  the  thirteenth  of  the  month,"  a  third  re- 
minded him. 

They  settled  back  into  their  deck  chairs  for  another  nap. 
Just  then  a  column  of  water  spouted  high  a  hundred  yards 
ahead,  between  us  and  the  ship  we  were  following,  and  collapsed 
with  a  sluicing,  smacking  noise.  A  dull  "boom"  from  the 
auxiliary  cruiser  a  thousand  yards  to  leeward  explained  that 
sudden  waterspout.  "  A  submarine  dead  ahead  of  you,"  sig- 
naled the  cruiser.  Two  officers  dashed  madly  up  our  promenade 
deck  toward  the  bridge.  Our  gun  crews  began  swinging  the 
two  gims  this  way  and  that  as  they  looked  for  the  cruiser's 
target  to  reappear.  Stewards  rushed  up  from  below  ordering 
all  passengers  to  g^t  .life-belts  and  emergency  clothing  quickly 
and  take  Uieir  appointed  places  by  the  lifeboats. 

The  passengers  all  behaved  splendidly.  This  was  the  crisis 
each  had  rehearsed  a  hundred  times.  In  two  minutes  all  were 
in  their  places  before  the  outhanging  biMits.  Each  bulged  with 
a  life-preserver  and  carried  a  heavy  blanket  or  an  overcoat. 
One  woman  clutched  a  jewel-case  heavy  enough  to  sink  her  if  she 
fell  overboard.  An  author  gripped  a  portfolio  full  of  manuscripts 
equally  destructive  of  buoyancy,  as  we  knew  who  had  heard 
them  read  aloud.  A  third  man  clung  to  a  Bible,  a  fourth  to  a 
bottle  of  whisky.  Perhaps  we  learned  as  much  of  the  true 
nature  of  each  other  in  those  few  minutes  while  we  were  expect- 
ing to  be  torpedoed  as  in  all  the  previous  days  of  the  voyage. 

But  no  torpedo  came ;  and  after  waiting  half  an  hour  we  went 
back  to  our  books,  or  letters,  or  bridge,  or  Bible,  or  whisky, 
according  to  preference.  The  band  of  young  South  Africans 
relieved  their  feelings  by  shouting  the  Zulu  war-crywhich  had 
served  them  against  the  Germans  in  £ast  Africa.  Their  leader 
shouted  the  cue  word  each  time,  and  tlie  mob  roared  the  reply, 
as  follows: 

Leader:  "(roWayo.'"  Moh :  "  Gee .'" 

»  "Gobalai/oP'  "       "  Geer 

"         "Gobalat/oJ"  "      "Gee/" 

"         "Utinunar  «      "WahP' 

The  meaning  is  hard  to  put  into  English,  but  the  yell  ex* 
presses  the  emotions  common  to  all  war-cries,  i.  e.,  hatred,  defi' 
ance,  triumph. 

The  explanation  of  this  brush  with  the  submarine  which 
gained  most  approval  was  that  the  U-boat  had  been  lurking 
beneath  the  surface  as  our  convoy  bore  down  on  him,  and  that, 
seeing  there  were  no  destroyers  with  us,  he  planned  to  come  up 
in  the  very  center  of  the  cinvoy  and  select  a  victim.  The  pen- 
scope,  which  escaped  the  notice  of  our  bow  lookouts  and  the 
stem  lookouts  of  the  ship  ahead,  was  instantly  seen  by  the 
trained  watchers  on  our  big  guardian,  far  off  to  starboard.  A 
quick  shot,  and  the  periscope  disappeared.  Perhaps  not  a  hit. 
But  the  U-boat  must  have  dived  quickly  to  have  avoidetl  a 
punch  from  our  bow.  The  whole  incident  illustrated  the  diffi- 
cidty  the  lookouts  of  merchant  ships  have  in  detecting  the 
unfamiliar  periscope  even  when  it  is  very  near.  Even  for  trained 
naval  eyes  it- is  easy  to  overlook  a  periscope  at  dose  quarters 
when  whitecaps  are  breaking. 

The  effect  of  this  affair  was  entirely  salutary.  Ennui  dis- 
appeared. We  all  became  jovial,  satisfied  with  ourselves  and 
with  each  other.  And  the  laggard  ship  which  had  been  holding 
the  rest  of  us  down  to  nine  knots  an  hour  discovered  that  she 
oould  do  ten.    She  nearly  shook  her  sides  out,  but  she  did  it. 

That  was  the  best  opjiortunity  the  U-lxwits  were  to  have  to 
get  us.  At  the  next  sunrise,  when  we  sleepers  gave  up  the  deck 
to  the  scrubbers  with  their  holystone  and  hose,  a  glad  sight 
opened  our  sticky  eyes.  A  loug,  low  shape  with  a  high  head  was 
racing  away  off  our  port  bow,  then  doubling  back  over  its 
f  rothmg,  wiggling  wake.  It  was  all  done  with  incre<lible  speed, 
at  a  gait  best  described  as  a  wriggling  dash.  A  destroyer  f  Off 
our  beam  on  the  same  side  was  another,  off  our  quarter  a  third, 
and  on  the  other  side  of  us  three  more.  Above  the  one  guarding 
the  left  flank  of  the  convoy  a  sausage  balloon,  driven  by  the 
following  wind,  which  was  faster  than  the  shi^^s,  tugge<i  at  the 


steel  cable  from  the  vessel  below  which  held  it  from  floating 
home  to  England.  This  destroyer  usually  kept  her  position,  but 
the  other  five  were  constantly  running  up  and  down  and  across 
our  bows  at  a  speed  which  made  our  pace  look  ridiculous. 
They  ringed  us  as  whippets  ring  woodchucks. 

In  the  moderate  heave  of  the  sea,  which  we  hardly  felt  at  all, 
the  destroyers  roiled  desperately.  This  motion  was  so  conspicu- 
ous that  it  seemed  necessary  to  their  forward  progress,  as  if 
they  were  animals  built  to  advance  by  squirming.  With  this 
wriggling  gait  and  their  raised  hoods  in  front,  they  suggested 
excited  cobras  and  looked  eminently  deadly.  Yet  in  their  quick 
turning,  quick  nipping,  and  a  certam  agile  honesty  of  intent, 
they  were  more  like  whippets.  And  if  the  battleslup  is  a  bull- 
dog, and  the  battle-cruiser  a  greyhound,  the  destroyer  mu:t  be 
a  whippet 

The  sun  broke  through  the  dead,  gray  clouds  and  whitened 
the  frothing  tops  where  the  wind  stxuck  the  heads  of  the  seas. 
The  lower  sky  was  gray  pearl-shell,  the  higher  thin  blue.  While 
the  sun  shone  the  sea  was  a  plaid  of  drifting  white  and  turbu- 
lent lapis  lazuli.  When  the  sun  hid,  this  vivid  blue  became  a 
just  as  vivid  green.  In  their  polychromatic  hides  the  herded 
shim  of  burden  glistened  like  piebald  ponies. 

'The  convoy  slowed  down  when  some  one  thought  he  saw  a 
mine.  Five  destroyers  rushed  this  way  and  that,  sniffing  and 
shepherding,  while  the  sixth  one  traced  a  wide  white  circle 
about  us  all,  with  the  sausage  balloon  swimming  after  her  in 
the  wind,  a  great  gray  beetle.  Three  trawlers  steamed  up  to 
reinforce  our  guard.  As  we  speeded  up  again,  the  sixth  de- 
stroyer hauled  down  the  long  balloon  to  substitute  a  fresh  man 
for  the  cold  and  stiff  observer  in  the  basket. 

At  three  o'clock  the  next  morning  another  submarine  was 
sighted,  but  disappeared  before  the  two  destroyers  that  leaped 
for  it  could  get  in  a  shot.  The  destroyers  dropped  depth  charges 
all  over  the  vicinity,  and  if  Fritz  was  not  sunk  he  was  given  a 
very  bad  headache.  Later  that  day  we  parted  company  with 
three  of  our  convoy  bound  for  a  different  port  in  England.  Two 
destroyers  went  with  them. 

An  outward-botmd  convoy  passed  us.  The  colonials  began  to 
sniff  the  fog  sagely. 

"  This  is  English  climate,"  said  they  ;  "  We're  nearly  home." 

The  next  sunrise  found  us  anchored  at  the  entrance  to  an 
English  harbor.  Ahead  and  astern,  as  far  as  the  eye  could 
reach,  stretched  a  line  of  ships  waiting  to  carry  food  into  Eng- 
land. That  is  how  England  is  being  starved  by  Germany  I  And 
that  is  how  the  British  and  American  navies  are  doing  their 
work ! 

On  both  sides  of  us  marched  away  a  file  of  bare,  brown  inh 
hills,  already  bluing  through  the  day's  first  factory  smoke,  and 
cold  in  the  early  light  of  even  midsummer. 

"How  long  since  you've  seen  it?"  an  Englishman  asked  nie. 

"  That  ?  Oh,  let's  see,  about  two  hundred  and  seventy-eight 
years." 

. "  Eh  ?  Ah — er — I  see — your  first  trip — your  ancestors —  Iia — 
er — I  see — you  believe  in  reincarnation.    Ha,  ha !'" 

After  several  deeply  loaded  ships  had  shot  in  past  us  we  got 
our  pilot  and  joined  the  procession.  Bound  out  m  the  opposite 
direction  a  powerful  destroyer  of  the  latest  type  swept  up,  three 
black  plumes  trailing  from  her  funnels  and  a  great  white  bone 
in  her  teeth.  She  was  the  very  spirit  of  dash  and  daring,  with 
a  tiiige  of  swank. 

"  f  say,  that's  tophole,"  "  Look  at  that,"  "  Absolutely  it," 
"  Kipping,"  was  chorused  in  the  ELnglish  of  the  Isles.  A  big 
South  Airican  nudged  me. 

"  Yank,  look  at  that  flag." 

It  was  the  Stars  and  Stripes. 

More  than  all  the  speeches  I  ha<l  heard  on  the  significance  of 
this  war  to  the  Anglo-Saxons  meant  the  quick  glimpse  of  that 
fine  ship  under  that  flag  outwanl  bound  to  defend  the  shores 
of  England. 

"  Come  on.  Springboks,  a  goo<l  one  for  the  Yanks,"  yelled  the 
big  colonial,  and  the  men  who  had  licked  the  Germans  in  East 
Africa  and  who  were  going  to  lick  them  in  fVance  roared  : 


"  (jhbitlaijo  ! 
Gobaliiijo  I 
Gofxiliii/o  I 
Vtini-na  1 


Gee! 
Gee  ! 
Gee  I 
Wakn 


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226 


THE  OUTLOOK 


9  Octoiwr 


GAS,  SHELL-SHOCK,  AND    SOULS 

BY  WILLIAM  L.  STIDGER 


IT  wu  the  gas  ward.  I  had  held  a  veaper 
service  that  evening  and  had  haa  a 
strange  experience.  Just  before  the 
service  I  had  been  introduced  to  a  lad 
who  said  to  the  chaplain  who  introduced 
me  that  he  was  a  member  of  my  denomina- 
tion. V 

The  boy  could  not  speak  above  a  whisper. 
He  was  gassed  horribly,  and,  in  addition  to 
his  lungs  and  his  throat  being  burned  out, 
his  face  and  neck  were  scarred. 

"  I  have  as  many  scars  on  my  lungs  as  I 
have  on  my  face,"  he  said,  quite  suiply. 
I  had  to  bend  close  to  hear  him.  He  could 
not  talk  loud  enough  to  have  awakened  a 
aleeping  child. 

He  said  to  me :  "I  used  to  be  leader  of 
the  choir  at  home.  At  college  I  was  in  the 
Glee  Club,  and  whenever  we  had  any 
singin'  at  the  fraternity  house  they  always 
expected  me  to  lead  it.  Since  I  came  into 
the  Army  the  boys  in  mv  outfit  have  de- 
pended upon  me  for  all  the  music  In 
camp  back  home  I  led  the  singing.  Even 
the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  always  counted  on  me  to 
'  lead  the  singing  in  the  religions  meetings. 
Many's  the  time  I  have  cheered  the  boys 
comin'  over  on  the  transport  and  in  camp 
by  singin'  when  they  were  blue.  But  I  can^; 
smg  any  more.  Sometimes  I  get  pretty 
blue  over  that.  But  I'll  be  at  your  meeting 
this  evening,  anyway,  and  111  be  right  down 
on  the  front  seat  as  near  the  piano  as  I  can 
get.   Watch  for  me." 

And,  sore  enough,  that  night  when  the 
vesper  service  started  he  was  right  there. 
I  smiled  at  him,  and  he  smiled  back. 

I  announced  the  first  hymn.  The  crowd 
started  to  sing.  Suddenly  I  looked  toward 
him.  We  wer^  singing  "  Softly  now  the 
light  of  day  fades  upon  my  sight  away." 
lus  book  was  up,  his  lips  were  moving,  but 
no  sound  was  coming.  That  sight  aO  but 
broke  my  heart.  To  see  that  lx>y,  whose 
whole  passion  in  the  past  had  been  to  sing, 
whose  voice  the  cruel  gas  had  burned  out, 
started  emotions  throbbing  in  me  that 
blurred  my  eyes.  I  couldn't  sing  another 
note  myself.  My  voice  was  choked  at  the 
sight.  A  lump  came  every  time  I  looked 
at  him  there  with  that  book  up  in  front 
of  him — a  lump  that  I  could  not  get  out  of 
my  throat.  I  got  so  I  dared  not  look  in  his 
direction. 

After  the  service  was  over  I  went  up  to 
him.  I  knew  that  he  needed  a  bit  of  laughter 
now.  I  knew  that  I  did  too.  So  I  said  to 
him,  "  Lad,  I  don't  know  what  I  would 
have  done  if  you  hadn't  helped  us  out  on 
the  singing  this  evening." 

He  looked  at  me  with  infinite  patience 
and  sorrow  in  his  eyes.  Then  a  look  of  tri- 
umph came  into  them,  and  he  looked  up 
and  whispered  through  his  rasped  voice : 
*'  I  may  not  be  able  to  make  much  noise 
any  more,  and  I  may  never  be  able  to  lead 
die  choir  again,  but  I'll  always  have  sing- 
ing in  my  soul,  sir !  I'll  always  have  singing 
in  my  soul !" 

And  so  it  is  with  the  whole  American 
Army  in  France  ;  it  always  has  singing  in 
its  soul,  and  courage,  and  manliness,  and 
daring,  and  hope.  That  kind  of  an  army 
can  never  be  defeated.  And  no  army  in  the 
world  and  no  pow«r  can  stand  long  before 
that  kind  of  an  army. 

That  kind  of  an  army  doesn't  have  to  be 
sent  into  battle  with  a  barrage  of  shells  in 
front  of  it  and  a  barrage  of  shells  back .  of 
it  to  force  it  in,  as  the  Germans  have  been 


doing  during  the  last  big  offensive,  accord- 
ing to  stories  that  boys  at  Gh&teau  Thierry 
have  been  telling  me.  The  kind  of  an  army 
that,  in  spite  of  wounds  and  gas,  "  still  has 
singing  in  its  soul "  will  conquer  all  hell 
on  earth  before  it  gets  through. 

Then  there  is  the  memory  of  the  boys  in 
the  shell-shock  ward  at  this  same  hoepitaL  I 
had  a  long  visit  with  them.  They  were  not 
permitted  to  come  to  the  vesper  service  for 
tear  something  would  happen  to  upset  their 
nerves.  But  they  made  a  special  request 
that  I  come  to  visit  them  m  their  ward. 
After  the  service  I  went.  I  reached  their 
ward  about  nine,  and  thev  rose  to  greet  me. 
The  nurse  told  me  that  they  were  more  at 
ease  on  their  feet  than  Ijring  doim,  and  so 
for  two  hours  we  stood  and  talked  on  our 
feet. 

"How  did  you  get  yours?"  I  asked  a 
little  black-eyed  New  Yorker. 

"  I  was  in  a  front-line  trench  with  my 
outfit  down  near  Amiens,"  he  said.  "  We 
were  having  a  pretty  warm  scrap.  I  was 
handling  a  machme  gun  so  fast  tmtt  it  was 
red-hot  I  was  afraid  it  would  melt  down 
and  I  would  be  up  against  it.  They  were 
coming  over  in  droves  and  we  were  mow- 
ing them  down  so  fast  that  out  in  front  of 
our  company  they  looked  like  stacks  of  hay, 
the  deaa  Germans  piled  up  everywhere.  I 
was  so  busy  firing  my  gun  and  watching  it 
so  carefully  because  it  was  so  hot  that  I 
didn't  hear  the  shell  that  suddenly  burst 
behind  me.  If  I  had  heard  it  coming,  it 
would  never  have  shocked  me." 

"If  you  hear  them  coming,  you're  all 
'4ght?"^I  asked. 

"  Yes.  It's  the  ones  that  surprise  you  that 
grive  you  shell-shock.  If  you  hear  the  whine, 
you're  ready  for  tiiem ;  but  if  your  mind  is 
on  something  else,  as  mine  was  that  day, 
and  the  thing  bursts  close,  it  either  kills 
you  or  gives  you  shell-shock,  so  it  gets  you 
both  gomg  and  coming."  He  laughed,  at 
this. 

"  I  was  all  right  for  a  while  after  the 
thing  fell,  for  I  was  unconscious  for  a  half- 
hour.  When  I  came  to,  I  began  to  shake, 
and  I've  been  shaking  ever  smce." 

"  How'd  yon  get  yours  ?"  I  asked  an- 
other lad  from  Kansas,  for  I  saw  at  once 
that  it  eased  them  to  talk  about  it. 

"I  was  in  a  trench  when  a  big  Jack 
Johnson  burst  right  behind  me.  It  killed 
six  of  the  boys,  tSi  my  friends,  and  buried 
me  under  the  dirt  that  fell  from  the  para- 
pet back  of  me.  I  had  sense  and  strong^ 
enough  to  die  myself  out.  When  I  got  out, 
I  was  kind  oi  dazed.  The  captain  told  me 
to  go  back  to  the  rear.  I  started  back 
throu£^  the  communication  trench  and  got 
lost.  The  next  thing  I  knew  I  was  wanc^r- 
ing  around  in  the  darkness  shakin'  like  a 
leaf." 

Then  there  was  the  California  boy.  I 
had  known  him  before.  It  was  he  who 
almost  gave  me  a  case  of  shell-shock.  The 
last  time  I  saw  him  he  was  standing  on  a 
platform  addressing  a  crowd  of  young 
church  people  in  Ciuifomia.  And  there  he 
was,  his  six  foot  three  shaking  from  head 
to  foot  like  an  old  man  with  palsy  and 
stuttering  every  word  he  spoke.  He  had 
been  sent  to  the  hospital  at  Amiens  with  a 
case  of  acute  appenoicitis.  The  first  night 
he  was  in  the  hospital  the  Germans 
bombed  it  and  destroyed  it.  He  was  taken 
out  and  pat  on  a  train  {or  Pari^,  Tftis 
train  had  .only,  got., a  fe^  miles  ,qu|^  9{ 


Amiens  when  the  Germans  shelled  it  and 
destroyed  two  cars. 

"  Alter  that  I  began  to  shake,"  he  said, 
simply. 

"140  wonder,  man ;  who  wouldn't  shake 
after  that  ?"  I  said.  Then  I  asked  him  if  he 
had  had  his  operation  yet. 

"  It  can't  be  done  until  I  quit  shaking." 

"  When  will  you  quit?"  I  asked,  wiUi  s 
smile. 

"  Oh,  we're  all  getting  better,  much  bet- 
ter ;  well  be  out  of  here  in  a  few  months ; 
they  all  get  better ;  ninety  per  cent  of  as 
get  back  in  the  trenches.' 

And  that  is  the  silver  lining  to  this  sil- 
houette spiritnaL  The  doctors  say  that  a 
very  large  percentage  of  them  get  back. 

"  We  call  ourselves  the  '  First  American 
Shock  Troops,' "  my  friend  from  the  West 
said,  with  a  grin. 

"  I  guess  you  are  shock  troops  all  right 
I  know  one  thing  and  that  is  that  yoa 
would  give  your  folks  back  home  a  good 
shock  if  they  saw  you." 

Then  we  all  laughed.  Laughter  was  in 
the  air.  I  have  never  met  anywhere  in 
France  such  a  happy,  hopeful,  cheerfnl 
crowd  as  that  bunch  of  shell-shocked  boys. 
It  was  contagious.  I  went  there  to  che«r 
them  up,  and  I  got  cheered  up.  I  went  there 
to  give  them  streng^,  and  came  away 
stronger  than  when  I  went  in.  It  wool^ 
cheer  the  hearts  of  all  Americans  to  take  a 
peep  into  that  room,  if  they  could  see  the 
souls  back  of  the  trembling  bodies,  if  they 
could  get  beyond  the  first  shock  of  those 
trembmig  lK>dies  and  stuttering  tongues. 
And,  after  all,  that  is  what  America  most 
leam  to  do,  to  get  to  see  beyond  the 
wounds  into  the  soul  of  the  boy;  to  see 
beyond  the  blinded  eyes,  the  scarred  faces, 
the  legless  and  armless  lads,  into  the  ^ory 
of  their  new-bom  souls,  for  no  boy  g^ 
through  the  hell  of  fire  and  suffering  and 
wounds  that  he  does  not  come  out  new- 
bom.  The  old  man  is  eone  from  him,  and  a 
new  man  is  bom  in  him.  That  is  the  great 
eternal  compensation  of  war  and  suffering. 

I  have  seen  boys  come  out  of  battles 
made  new  men.  I  have  seen  them  go  into 
the  line  sixteen-year^ld  lads  and  come  oat 
of  the  trenches  men.   I  saw  a  lad  who  had 

fone  through  the  fighting  in  Belleau  Woods, 
talked  with  him  m  the  hospital  at  Paris. 
His  face  was  terribly  wounded.  He  was 
ugly  to  look  at,  but  when  I  talked  widi  him 
I  found  a  soul  as  white  as  a  lily  and  as 
courageous  as  granite. 

"  I  may  look  awful,"  he  said,  "  bat  Vm 
a  new  man  inside.  What  I  saw  out  there  in 
the  woods  made  me  different  somehow.  I 
saw  a  friend  stand  by  his  machine  gun  with 
a  whole  platoon  of  Germans  sweepmg  down 
on  him,  and  he  never  flinched.  He  fired 
that  old  gun  until  every  bullet  was  gone 
and  his  gi^n  was  red-hot  I  was  lying  on 
the  grass,  where  I  could  see  it  alL  I  saw 
them  bayonet  him.  He  fought  to  the  last 
against  fifty  men  ;  but,  thank  God,  he  died 
a  man  ;  he  died  an  American  I  I  lay  there 
and  cried  to  see  them  kill  him ;  but  every 
time  I  think  of  that  fellow  it  makes  me 
want  to  be  more  of  a  man.  When  I  get 
back  home,  I'm  going  to  give  up  ray  Ufe  to 
some  kind  of  Christian  service.  I'm  eoiog 
to  do  it  because  I  saw  that  man  die  'so 
bravely.  If  he  can  die  like  that,  in  spite  of 
my  face  I  can  live  like  a  man." 

The  boys  in  the  trenches  live  a'year  in  a 
month,  a  J  month  in  a  week,  a  week  in  a 
day,  a  day  in  an  hour,  and  sometimes  ao 
etemitv  in  a  second.  No  wonder  it  makes 
men .  of-  them  overnight  No  wonder  they 
come  ,ou^,,p(.it  all  with  tliat  "  high  look^' 


Digitized  by 


Googk 


1918 


THE   OUTLOOK 


227 


that  John  Oxenhara  writes  about.  They 
have  been  reborn. 

"  How  do  the  Americans  stand  dressing 
their  wounds  and  the  suffering  in  the  hos- 
pitals P'  a  friend  of  mine  asEed  a  promi- 
nent surgeon. 

"Thev  bear  their  suffering  like  French- 
men. That  is  the  highest  compliment  I  can 
pay  them,"  he  replied. 

And  so  back  of  their  wounds  are  their 
immortal,  undying,  unflinching  souls. 

That  night  I  said,  just  before  I  left, 
**  Boys,  if  s  Sunday  evening  and  they 
wouldn't  let  you  come  to  my  meeting ; 
would  you  like  me  to  have  a  Cttle  prayer 
with  you?" 

"  Yes !  Sure !  That" s  just  what  we  want !" 
were  the  stammered  words  that  followed. 

"  All  right ;  we'll  just  stand  if  it's  easier 
for  you." 

Inen  I  prayed  the  prayer  that  had 
been  bnmii^  in  my  heaH  every  minute  as 
we  had  been  standing  there  in  that  dimly 
lit  ward  talking  of  home  and  little  and 
the  foDu  we  all  love  across  the  seas.  All 
that  time  there  had  been  hovering  in  the 
background  of  my  mind  a  picture  of  a  cool 
body  of  water  named  Galilee  and  of  a  Christ 
wtio  had  been  sleeping  in  a  boat  on  that 
water  with  some  of  his  friends  when  a  storm 
came  up.  I  had  been  thinking  of  how 
frightened  those  friends  had  been  of  the 
storm,  of  the  tossin?,  tumbling,  turbulent 
waves.  I  had  thou^t  of  how  they  had 
trembled  with  fear,  and  then  of  how  they  had 
appealed  to  the  Master.  I  told  the  boys 
aimnW  that  mbiry  and  then  I  prayed : 

«0  «1kki  Oinst  who  stilled  the  waves 


of  Galilee,  come  thou  into  the  hearts  of 
those  bors  just  now  and  still  their  trem- 
bling limbs  and  tongues  and  bring  a  great 
sense  of  peace  and  quiet  into  their  hearts." 

«0  ye  of  litde  Udthl"  When  I  looked 
up  from  that  prayer,  much  to  my  own 
astonishment  and  to  the  astonishment  of 
the  friend  who  was  with  me,  the  tremblings 
of  those  fine  American  boys  had  percep- 
tibly ceased.  There  was  a  great  sense  of 
quiet  and  peace  in  the  ward. 

The  nurse  told  me  the  next  day  that 
after  I  had  gone  the  boys  went  quietljr  to 
bed,  that  there  was  little  tossing  that  night 
and  no  walking  thq  floors  as  there  had  been 
before.  A  doctor  friend  said  to  me :  "  After 
all,  maybe  your  medicine  is  best,  for  while 
we  are  more  or  less  groping  in  the  dark  as 
to  our  treament  of  'shell-shock,  we  do  know 
that  the  only  cure  will  be  that  something 
comes  into  their  souls  to  g^ve  them  quiet  ol 
mind  and  peace  within." 

"  I  know  what  that  medicine  is,"  I  told 
him.  "  I  have  seen  it  work." 

"What  is  it?"  he  asked. 

Then  I  told  him  of  my  experience. 

"  You  may  be  right." 

And  so  it  is  all  over  France.  As  I  have 
worked  in  some  twenty  hospitals,  from  the 
first-aid  dressing  stations  back  through  the 
evacuation  hospitals  to  the  base  hospitals, 
I  have  found  that  the  reaction  of  wounds 
and  Buffering  is  always  a  spiritual  reaction, 
and  I  know,  as  I  know  no  other  thing, 
that  the  boys  of  America  are  to  come  back, 
wounded  or  otherwise,  a  better  crowd  of 
men  than  they  went  away.  They  are  men 
reborn. 


THE  RED    CROSS   SHOP 

BT  LAURA  G.  SMITH 


TIE  Red  Cross  Shop  of  Los  Angeles, 
California,  stands  out  among  the 
many  enterprises  to  raise  money  for 
"  the  cause  as  a  highly  successful 
business.  It  made  $200,000  in  one  year  clear 
of  expenses,  which  were  only  eight  per  CMiL 
The  methods  employed,  the  orioinality  of 
the  many  ideas,  and  the  absolutely  busmess 
basis  on  which  it  is  managed  have  com- 
manded the  admiration  and  respect  of 
the  merchants  of  the  city,  who,  m  turn, 
have  generously  co-operated  with  the  Shop. 
So  successful  a  business  in  these  days 
deserves  more  than  passing  mention,  even 
were  it  not  for  the  fact  that  it  has  the  world- 
wide interest  of  the  common  cause.  As  the 
plan  has  been  worked  out  there,  it  has  been 
found  so  practicable  that  any  town  or  city 
could  follow  it 

It  was  started  in  Los  Angeles  by  Mrs. 
Hancock  Banning,  a  woman  of  large  social 
experience^  executive  ability,  and  an  imagi- 
nation. With  her  were  associated  two  hun- 
dred or  more  women.  It  was  entirely  a 
democratic  aggregation,  who  have  loyally 
stood  by,  Koing  day  by  day  to  the  business, 
which  is  (Uzzling  tnem  all  by  its  success. 

This  Los  Angeles  Shop  has  been  fortu- 
nate in  its  environment.  The  old  home 
(consisting  of  a  fine  house  and  a  bam, 
which  was  buOt  when  horses  were  not  ex- 
tinct) was  given  to  the  Red  Gross  for  use 
dnrinff  the  war  by  Mr*.  Danziger,  who  u 
now  tne  assistant  manager.  Mrs.  Banning, 
the  founder,  is  the  manaeer.  The  main  shop 
is  in  ^e  bam.  In  the  stalls  inwhii^h'once  fine 
horses  looked  out  through  the  iron  grilles  a 
vast  assortment  of  goo<u  is  arrangra  after 
the  manner  of  department  stores:  In  addi- 
tion to  the  usual  "  used  "  wearing  lipparel 


for  men,  women,  and  chUdren  there  are 
departments  of  new  things — art  needle- 
work, children's  clothes,  fine  lingerie.  Heir- 
looms of  old  jewelry,  gold  and  silver  orna- 
ments, ShefBeld  plate,  have  been  given,  as 
well  as  rare  books  and  first  and  auto- 
graphed editions.  The  book,  art,  and  jew- 
elry departments  have  beeome  Meccas  for 
those  who  love  beautiful  things.  Of  course 
there  is  a  tea-room  where  luncheons  and 
tea  are  served. 

There  is  also  a  department  where  dresses 
and  hats  are  made  over.  This  department 
is  a  very  paying  one,  and  the  movie  under- 
studies, as  well  as  many  others,  replenish 
their  wardrobes  here.  Entire  wanirobes  are 
often  sent  in.  Among  the  numerous  things 
brought  into  the  shop  was  a  peddler's  out- 
fit. A  young  man  who  enlisted  found  he 
would  no  longer  need  his  horse  and  wagon, 
and  brought  them  into  the  Red  Cross  Shop 
for  sale.  One  committee  has  in  charge  the 
repairing  of  articles.  When  a  camera  or  a 
watch  or  an  automobile  comes  in,  needing 
something  to  make  it  go,  it  is  taken  to 
some  one  who  is  glad  to  give  his  services 
in  repairing. 

The  Los  Angeles  Red  Cross  Shop  is 
unique  in  its  "  continuous  show."  At  least 
twice  a  week  theatrical  or  movie  stars, 
lecturers,  musicians,  dancers,  give  pro- 
grammes. 

Another  unique  feature  of  the  Shop  is 
the  co-operation  of  the  public  schools.  Be- 
fore Christinas  the  manual  training  and 
domestic  science  departments  made  toys, 
clothing,  and  many  Other  things  for  the 
Christmai  trade.  Since  then  they  hare 
constantly  supplied  tlie  Shop  with  salable 
artidltJs.*^This  has  a  double  advantage :  for 


the  schools  have  a  motive  for  their  work, 
which  is  constructive,  and  the  children  are 
brought  into  active  patriotism. 

In  addition  to  this  continuous  work  on 
the  part  of  the  schools  the  high  schools  of 
the  city  had  charge  of  the  Shop  on  succes- 
sive Saturdays,  providing  luncheon  and  tea 
for  the  day,  furnishing  uie  programme,  the 
articles  for  sale,  and  "  buyers  "  as  welL 

There  are  already  branches  of  the 
Shop.  The  tea  room  at  a  g^reat  moving- 
picture  theater  is  presided  over  by  a  ^;roup. 
of  women,  many  of  whom  are  movie  act- 
resses, to  the  delight  of  those  who  watch 
the  silent  drama.  There  is  another  branch 
in  a  downtown  hotel,  where  charming  new 
things  are  sold,  and  under  the  auspices  of 
this  shop  dinner  and  tea  dances  are  given. 

A  unique  achievement  of  this  successful 
enterprise  is  the  co-operation  of  the  mer- 
chants of  the  city,  which  is  an  example  of 
generous  sharing.  If  this  plan  were  carried 
into  every  large  cily,  the  Ked  Cross  would 
be  financed. 

The  various  department  stores  of  the 
city,  on  the  different  Saturdays  during  the 
summer,  devote  the  half-holidays  to  the 
Red  Cross  Shop,  each  store  takine  one  day. 
The  programme  differs  with  each,  and  the 
friendly  rivalry  assists  the  amount.  The 
stores  Dring  their  bargains  to  the  Red 
Cross  Shop,  build  their  booths,  furnish  a 
bewildering  programme,  and  tum  over 
handsome  sums.  The  first  Saturday  netted 
over  S6,000,  which  goal  was  reacned  and 
more  tiuia  reached  on  successive  Saturdays. 
The  spirit  of  helping  was  tpnching  and 
beautiniL  From  tne  little  waitress,  who 
cheerfully  gave  her  half-holiday  to  serve  . 
at  die  dinner,  to  the  heads  of  tne  big^gest 
departments  the  spirit  was  the  same — "  to 
hetp."  Never  was  anything  more  eheer- 
fuUy  accomplished,  the  managers  say. 

llie  result  of  this  univetiuJ  activity  is 
that  the  Red  Cross  Shop  is  a  center  of  city 
activity.  The  school-children  feel  at  home, 
and  all  the  other  thousands  who  "  help " 
there  feel  it  a  familiar  place  also. 

Not  the  least  of  this  great  democratic 
work  is  that  the  society  women  who  go  daily 
to  this  Shop  realize  the  pleasure  of  daily 
work,  and  also  its  drudgery.  The  whole 
movement  is  vital  and  strenfftheuing,  and 
lasting  ffood  will  come  out  of  it. 

The  Shop  also  has  published  a  booklet 
or  two.  "  How  to  Start  a  Red  Cross  Shop  " 
is  especially  useful,  as  its  name  implies. 

Among  the  most  valuable  contributions 
to  the  Bed  Cross  is  the  organized  publicity. 
Each  city  paper  has  a  well-arraneed  Red 
Cross  column,  and  all  events  of  the  Shop 
are  featured  as  well  as  the  needs.  A  word 
to  the-  public  that  a  sugar-bowl,  a  baby-car- 
riage, or  a  typewriter  is  needed  brings  a 
prompt  response,  and  an  opportunity  is 
also  given  for  advertising  tne  star  who 
sliines  on  the  programme  and  to  express 
g^teful  appreciation  to  alL 

In  the  department  where  one  finds  used 
clothes  for  men,  women,  and  children,  and 
in  the  shoe  department,  there  is  a  constant 
stream  of  humanity  to  buy  the  excellent 
bargains.  Not  only  are  the  poor  keenly 
alive  to  these  bargains,  but  the  thrifty 
ones,  who  are  economizing  and  conserving 
for  their  country,  are  proud  to  buy  at  the 
Shop. 

Tnat  the  Shop  is  purely  a  business  affair, 
where  one  may  look  around  if  he  chooses, 
buy  or  not  as  ne  pleases,  renders  it  unlike 
a  charity  bazaar,  and  its  success  speaks  for 
the  fact  that  just  such  shops  are  economic 
necessities,  helping  ail  classes  and  hurting 
&o  one's  trade. 


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228 


THE   OUTLOOK 


WEEKLY  OUTLINE  STUDY  OF 
CURRENT  HISTORY 

BY  J.  MADISON  GATHANY,  A.Bf. 

,',!,.  HOPK  STBBBT  HIGH  SCHOOL,  PBOVIDENCK,  B.  L 

Sated  on  The  Outlook  of  October  2, 1918 

Bush  WMk  an  Ootline  Stady  of  Coirent  Hiitorr  baaad  on  the  preoecUnK  irambec  of  The  Oatloolc  will 
be  printed  for  the  benefit  of  current  erents  cUsRea,  debatint;  olnba,  teaohera  of  history  and  of  Kogrliah,  and 
the  like,  and  for  oae  in  the  home  and  by  saoh  individual  readers  aa  may  desire  sogfgestions  in  the  serioas 
study  of  current  history. — Tbb  Editobs. 


Those  who  are  using  the  weekly  outline  ihonld 
not  attempt  to  oover  the  whole  of  an  outline  in  any 
one  lesson  or  study.  Assign  for  one  lesson  selected 
questions,  one  or  two  propositions  for  discuanon, 
and  onlr  such  words  aa  are  found  in  the  material 
assigned.  Or  distribute  selected  questions  among 
different  memben  of  the  class  or  group  and  have 
Uiem  report  their  findings  to  all  when  assembled. 
Then  haTe  all  diaonas  the  qneations  together.] 

I — nrrSBMATIONAI.    affaibs 

A.  Topic:  Victories  in  Palestine  and  on 

the  Serbian  Front ;  On  Night  PatroL 
Refereiuie:  Pages  157, 158;  172-174 
Questions: 

1.  Recodnt  the  focts  about  the  victories 
in  Palestine  and  on  the  Serbian  front  as 
related  in  The  Outlook.  2.  Locate  and  pro- 
nounce accurately  all  the  places  and  rivers 
mentioned  in  these  two  accounts.  3.  Dis- 
cuss the  sentimental  value  and  the  military 
value  of  General  Allenby's  victory.  4.  What 
is  the  significance  of  Armageddon  in  an- 
cient history?  In  contemporary  history? 
5.  Review  some  of  the  stories  of  the  Old 
Testament  concerning  military  acdvitieH  in 
and  about  the  region  where  Allenby's 
forces  won  their  notable  victory.  6.  Talk 
somewhat  at  length  on :  "  The  Eighth 
Crusade  is  in  full  swing.  The  capture  of 
Jerusalem  six  centuries  ago  was  only  the 
beginning  of  the  twentieth-century  adven- 
ture." Compare  these  ancient  and  mod- 
em crusaders  as  to  nationality,  methods, 
and  objects.  7.  ShowthatAllenhv's  plan  was 
conceived  in  a  masterly  way  and  brilliantly 
executed.  8.  Discuss :  "  The  Turks  have  a 
long  account  of  selfishness  and  neglect 
against  the  Germans."  9.  Disclose  the  sig- 
nificance of  this  statement :  "  The  loss  of 
Turkey's  territory  and  prestige  can  only 

Sroride  a  source  of  keen  satisfaction  to 
lulgaria."  10.  Write  an  editorial  taking 
for  your  topic  "Jerusalem  in  History." 
11.  Long  before  Foch  was  made  Com- 
mander-m-Chief  of  the  Allied  forces  The 
Outlook  advocated  unified  command  for  the 
Allies.  Show  how  recent  events  have  justi- 
fied The  Outlook's  judgment.  12.  TeU 
what  you  learn  from  reamng  Mr.  Beston's 
article  on  page  172.  13.  Explain '  what  he 
means  when  he  says  that  "  the  war  of  the 
destroyer  against  the  submarine  is  a  matter 
of  tragic  ntelodraraa."  14.  Mr.  Beston 
says :  "  To  the  destroyer  captain  more  than 
to  any  other  single  figure  do  we  owe  our 
op|H>rtunity  of  winning  the  war."  Tell  triiy 
you  do  or  do  not  agree  with  him.  Be  sure 
you  understand  exactly  what  he  says. 
15.  It  will  profit  you  to  rewl  "  Life  in  a 
Tank,"  by  Richard  Haigh,an<l  "Tlie  Fight- 
ing Fleets,"  by  R.  D.  Paine  (both  publiuied 
by  Houghton  MiiBin). 

B.  Topic:  The  Vandal  of  Europe. 
Befermce :  Editorial,  pages  163-165. 
Questions : 

1.  Make  a  list  of  the  characteristics  of 
the  Germans  and  the  German  Government 
as  revealed  by  Herr  Muhlon.  2.  Now 
describe  the  Germans  and  their  Govern- 
ment   in    your    own    words.    3.   Discuss 


liberally  the  attitade  of  Germany  and  the 
Germans  toward  force,  moral  power,  inter- 
national law,  and  foreign  nations.  4.  Do 
material  gains,  scientific  inventions,  me- 
chanical skill,  and  An  efficiently  organized 
national  life  prove  that  a  nation  having 
such  is  civilized  ?  If  not,  what  does  ?  6.  Do 
you  understand  just  what  it  is  that  the 
Allies  are  determined  to  exterminate  in 
Germany  ?  Is  it  the  German  people  ?  Ger- 
man property?  What  is  it?  Discuss  at 
length,  o.  Read  and  own  "  The  Vandal 
of  Europe,"  by  Herr  Mtthlon  (Putnams)  ; 
"The  Responsible  State,"  by  F.  H.  Gid- 
dings  (Houghton  Mifflin)  ;  "  The  Kaiser 
as  I  Knew  Him,"  by  A.  M.  Davis — the 
Kaiser's  dentist  for  fourteen  years  (Har- 
pers). 
C.  Topic :  Ambassador   Davis ;  Cardinal 

Farley. 
Reference:  158, 159. 
Questions : 

1.  How  many  reasons  does  Tlie  Outlook 
give  for  saying  that  the  Ambassadorship 
to  Englanii  is  of  historical  importance? 
Name  them  and  give  several  more.  2.  Tell 
all  you  know  about  Ambassador  Davis. 
3.  Name  and  discuss  the  duties  and  privi- 
leges of  an  American  Ambassador.  4.  Give 
The  Outlook's  opinion  of  Cardinal  Farley. 
5.  One  of  Cardinal  Farley's  chief  charac- 
teristics was  his  love  of  tlie  American 
Nation.  Do  yon  think  that  our  Govern- 
ment should  allow  any  one  to  remain  here 
who  does  not  love  iand  cherish  the  coun- 
try, its  institutions  and  its  ideals?  6.  TeU 
how  every  American  can  be  justly  honored, 
irrespective  of  his  origin  or  creed.  7.  TeU 
how  aU  foreigners  coming  to  tikis  coimtry 
can  be  made  into  good  Americans.  Who  is 
the  good  American?  8.  Two  of  the  best 
American  biographies  ever  written  are 
"  Thomas  Jefferson,"  by  David  Muzzey 
(Scribners),  and  "  Abraham  Lincoln,"  by 
G.  H.  Putnam  (Putnams).  Read  both  of 
them. 

II — PROPOSITIONS   FOB   DISCUSSION 
(These  propoaitiona  are  anggeated  directly  or  iodi- 
rectly  by  the  snbjeot-niatter  of  The  Outlook,  bat 
not  discussed  in  it.) 

1.  Dissensions  are  essential  to  democ- 
racy. 2.  Gvilization  b  aU  tliat  German 
KuUur'vinot.  3.  PubUc  opinion  is  not  made 
by  the  newspapers.  4  Onlv  those  who 
subject  themselves  to  discipline  are  free. 
5.  Liberty  is  the  most  costly  of  human 
possessions. 

Ill — VOCABULABT  BUILDINQ 
(All  of  the  following  words  and  expressions  are 
foond  in  The  Outlook  for  October  2,  1918.  Both 
before  and  after  looking  them  up  in  the  dictionary  or 
elsewhere,  give  their  meaning  in  your  oion  words. 
The  figures  in  parentheses  refer  to  pages  aa  which 
the  words  may  be  fonnd.) 

Near  East  (157) ;  phosphorescence, 
flecked,  binnacle,  intonation,  ironically, 
(173) ;  ossified,  servile,  bourgeoisie  (l(i3)  ; 
proletariat  (1(J4)  ;  coiifedei-acy,  perfunc- 
tory, prelates,  peasants '(158). 


A  booklet  suggesting  methods  of  using  the  JPeeWy  OutUne  </  Current  History  wiUbesent  onapplicatum 


YALE 


You  can  write 
your  own  guarantee 
of  security 
and  service— 

If  you  will  only  take  the 
precaution  to  see  that  the 
locks  and  hardware  you  iu- 
stall  bear  the  trade-mark 
"  Yale." 

You  can  guarantee  your  Yale 
locks  and  hardware  to  give  yon 
the  greatest  security — because 
they  will. 

You  can  guarantee  years  of 
steadfast  satisfactory  service— 
because  youll  get  it 

You  can  guarantee  ietur 
quality  and  designing  and  worlc- 
manship — because  every  Yale 
product  will  prove  you  right 

You  can  write  your  own  guar- 
antee when  you  buy  "  Yale,'' 
whether  it's  a  Night  llatch.  Pad- 
lock, Door  Closer,  CaWaet  Lock, 
Builders'  H ardwarau  V^r  the 
famous  Yale  Chain  1i|fltf^'  They 
are  all  trade-marked^nfale." 

rale  Prvdaetii/or Sale  fi|  fftii^irw  1 1  J><alen 

The  Y*le  A  Towoc'^Mk.  Co. 

»  Eut  40th  StTMl,       New  York  Cir 


Digitized  by 


THE    OUTLOOK 


229. 


[AdverlisemeHil 


[ow  I  Became  a  $20^000  Executive 

Almost  Overnight 

By  a  Man  Who  Was  in  a  $2,000  a  Year  Rut 
Befx>re  He  Learned  the  Secret 


EVER  belicTed  in  magio.  AnytbiiK  that 
tm't  •taolntaly  practical  never  appealed  to 
u  Bnt  I  beHeTe  I  bare  mn  aoroaa  a  way  to 
op  one's  mental  ability  and  capacitor  for  ■no- 
tut  cornea  as  near  being  magical,  in  its  resnlta 
>y,  as  anything  conld  be. 
been  plugging  along  jnat  abont  the  way  moat 
;  men  do.  I  was  a  deric  in  a  large  office  eam- 
loogfa  to  "  get  by  "  on  and  fitirly  contented, 
adn't  met  the  girl  I  wanted  to  many,  I  gness 
ht  still  be  derking.  Bat  I  reaUxed  that  my 
•,  while  it  kept  me  well  fed  would  oever  do 
Sunily. 

m  didn't  k>ok  very  bright,  however,  for  while 
laiy  had  been  inonased  at  regular  intervals 
lid  nave  tikken  a  number  of  years  at  the  rate 

rrogreaaing  to  have  anything  like  the  income 
mnstli&ve. 
be  wont  of  it  was  that  I  knew  in  my  own 
that  I  wasn't  worth  any  more  than  I  was 
g,  and  I  saw  that  to  earn  more  I  had  to  be 
i  more  to  my  firm. 

this  tbooght  firmly  estahlished  I  set  put 
the  task  of  trying  to  learn  how  I  could  im- 
myaelf .  It  seemed  to  me  that  some  one  most 
mue  time  developed  soine  sort  of  instructions 
tt  such  men  as  1.  I  talked  to  my  friends  who 
leen  sneoeasful,  bnt  all  they  could  give  me 
feneralitiee  -nothing  definite.  I  bought  ooe 
after  another  that  1  had  heard  about  or  seen 
tiaad.  I  even  went  to  the  library  to  see  if  I 
dig  out  something,  but  while  I  found  many 
ble  ideas  I  (Hd  not  get  anything  of  leally  vital 
aid. 

J,  ooe  day  1  eane  npon  an  article  wUch 
I  me  aa  being  about  the  most  sensible  thing  1 
ver  read.  It  said  that  the  average  man  was 
only  ooe-teoth  of  his  bmin  power  imd  that  the 
I  a  few  men  towered  above  their  fellow  men 
It  becaon  they  knew  more  bnt  beoaoae  they 
tamed  bow  to  use  their  brains — had  learned 
D  foons  100%  of  their  mental  forces  on  each 
m  aa  it  came  up. 

rwed  that  the  average  man  worked  on  the 
principle  as  the  shotgun  as  compared  to  the 
iBStead  of  focussing  all  of  his  mental  forces 
ibjaoc  be  scattered  his  blows  in  such  a  way 
miika  them  ineffective.  A  rifle  of  a  given 
r-^  explained — has  no  more  power  than  a 
n,  but  because  all  of  the  force  is  f oonssed  on 
Iwt  it  is  ten  times  as  effective  aa  a  shot^:nn  in 
m  of  laiga  gsuse— —dwhoin  buseasse'is  not 
be  big  game? 

^iole  showed  that  there  are  more  mistakes 
b  bosineas  and  more  men  held  down 
p  tbeir  inability  to  ooneentmte  than  from 
Iirobablyaayotheroaase 
sod  that  just  as  it  is 
neceaarr  to  cooeentrate 
on  one  line  of  business 
in  these  days  to  be  suc- 
cessful, 80  is  it  necessary 
to  carry  ooncentration 
to  a  finer  point  and  apply 
it  to  each  particmar 
piece  of  work. 
h,  goes  without  saying 
that,  if  a  man  is  making 
an  important  decision,  u 
he  can  drive  out  of  his 
mind  everything  that 
doesn't  relate  to  that 
deoisioo,  he  will  be  far 
more  apt  to  take  the 
ri^t  oonise  than  if  his 
mind  waadera  to  other 
things,  and  yet  there  is 
not  one  man  in  a  thou- 
sand who  has  sufficient 
power  of  cooasntratian 
to  foons  all  of  bis  farces 
aa  any  given  subject  for 
more  than  a  minute  at 
•  time. 

Did  jvn  eversit  and  try 
to  think  out  some  prob- 
lem that  voa  were  anz- 
ioos  to  solve,  and  really 


keep  your  mind  on  that  one  subject  for  any  appreci- 
able time  ?  Haven't  you  found  your  mind  waiider- 
i^  to  other  thincs  quite  unrelated?  Aren't  yon 
onen  distracted  or  some  outside  influence  tnat 
keeps  "  butting  in '  on  your  thoughts  ? 
It  didn't  take  me  long  to  see  that  that  whs  exactly 
the  position  I  was  in,  and  I  have  siuce  discovered 
that  I  was  no  different  from  most  men  and  women. 
This  article  showed  that  if  a  man  oonld  learn  the 
art  of  ooucentration  he  could  increase  bis  mental 
powen  100%  to  fiOO%,  and  it  recommended  a  simple 
qrstem  of  teaching  concentration  which  had  re- 
cently been  evolved  and  was  guaranteed  to  do  this 
Very  thin^; — in  fact  the  course  was  offered  on  ap- 
proval, without  a  cent  in  advance. 
Natnially  I  jumped  at  the  chance  and  sent  for  the 
coarse  which  came  to  me  by  return  mail.   Never 


Have  You  One  of  These 
Types  of  Mind  ? 

1.  TW  mimi  iWl  wuJtn.  Ha  tyst  tl  miai  cssasl  hiltB 
IimV  spm  an  tuk  ht  mtn  tkss  ■  aoatai  si  ■  te*.  h 
b  cnstwHr  RiltiM  ahaat.  fait  ivn  «•  lUaskl.  lUa  BPM 
udkr.  at^mg  back  la  Hi  acishal  taik  isr  aiAp  a  iliskt 
■atonal  at  alia*.  lUi  b  Aa  trpa  ai  anl ikat  MUaa aai- 
lan  aajFtUst  kacasM  tt  laaai'i  alar  al  aaa  talk  has  aaaa^ 

2.  TbBiadlkathckalkapnraraliMsiaalba.  TUaln* 
<i  wM  nasal  •faaalaa  aailMai  ncastwfcat  hhhaal  al 

iMaasisiratiilHiS.  h  '      ' 


a.  TW  bU  Aal  b  alanL  lib  Uya  af  bU  hataa  HmV 
■eaa  iiBiiyai  Mlbalir  AHaraat  baa  Aa  mrk  b  ka*<.  It 
b Ill  libs  aaww  ttisi  bat«»<atlfcai»ttttisi. 

4.  TW  <h«asrati<  mlat.  TWa  •>**  ai  ■is4>*aa  si  anr?- 
«s(haWliWsrtaJ.WiiaiBdaslwar.  IbblWkW 
si  bM  Ifcat  awa  "  wWi'a  IW  sas." 

5.  "TW*aibalnT"aia<.  Hb  b  IW  taa  ai  bU  Oat 
iaalaaa  MaaK  aabtafbaHna.  h  osaat  (seUa  4»wata 
taal  walk,  h  sKrara  laaka  far  iW  aarfaai  lUaia  la  it 
faiUal  ai  Mif  IW  tU^  iWt  ihssU  W  daaa. 


AH  thass  tvpaa  of  minds  and  laaiiT  ochan  ahow  bek  of 
ooDoeutraonr  power.  But  Juat  aa  the  mind  b  taoslit 
nadbiic,  wrinnk,  and  aritliBatliN  ao  tin  ooooentmaon 
power  of  tlie  mmd  can  ba  dereloead.  Mail  tbs  ooopoa 
for  the  **  Cnmp  Syatem  of  OcaoeonatioD  "  on  appnreat. 


had  I  realixed  how  inefficient  I  waa — how  little  of 
my  bmin  I  was  really  using.  The  first  evening  that 
course  came  I  learned  enough  to  see  that  I  had 
been  practically  wasting  90%  of  my  brain.  And  I 
learned  enough  after  tne  fint  hoar's  study  to  set 
me  on  the  ri^t  track.  Results  came  immediately 
from  the  very  first  page.  It  was  like  playing  a 
game.  Just  interesting  exercises  so  simple  aiui  easy 
that  they  were  a  relaxation  instead  of  work. 
And  from  what  1  learned  in  that  comae  more  than 
from  any  other  source  do  I  owe  m^  present  position 
at  920,000  a  year — and  I've  only  just  started  I 
I  found  that  work  which  I  had  formerly  qient 
houn  CO  was  accomplished  in  minutes.  That  in- 
stead of  fretting  and  dawdling  away  my  time  I  was 
able  to  dig  into  one  job  after  another  and  aooom- 
plish  it  better  io  one^nth  the  time. 
Bnt  this  was  only  a  small  part  of  the  help  I  secured 
from  this  new  power  of  which  I  became  the  pos- 
sessor. The  greatest  help  <uid  the  thing  that  nmde 
me  worth  so  mnch  more  to  my  firm  was  a  nsw 
found  ability  to  think  out  plans  and  ideas — to  aog^ 
gest  new  bosinesa  getting  schemes— to  think  up 
ways  to  save  the  firm  money — to  increase  coUeo- 
tions  and  reduce  overhead. 

Why  I  absolutely  changed  from  a  man  that  worked 
like  a  machine,  who  had  always  been  absorbed  by 
details,  to  a  thinker  and  planner. 
It  wasn't  long  before  the  salesmen  were  coming  to 
me  for  advice  as  to  how  to  meet  the  objections  of 
particularly  hard  customers,  and  I  even  went  out 
with  some  of  them  and  helped  them  close  orden 
that  bad  been  on  the  point  of  slipping  away. 
Not  only  was  I  able  to  think  out  and  plan  while  in 
the  office,  but  I  found  that  I  could  focus  my 
mental  forces  on  any  problem  do  matter  where  I 
was,  whether  talkinf^  to  the  chief  or  to  a  customer, 
and  the  results  certainly  told. 
I  live  quite  a  trip  from  my  office  and  I  unuUly 
have  time  after  reading  my  paper  oii  the  train  to 
devote  to  other  things.  I  used  to  look  out  of  the 
window  or  waste  the  time  in  aome  other  way.  "To- 
day I  accomplish  as  much  through  my  ability  to  con- 


centrate in  these  few  moments  night  and  morning 
on  the  train  as  I  used  to  in  a  whole  day's  work,  and 
I  can  absolutely  isolate  myself  from  my  surround- 
ings without  usturbanoe  or  interruptioii — a  thing 
that  I  would  not  formerly  hove  dreamed  possible. 
While  I  don't  want  to  appear  "swell-headed,"  I 
know  that  I  have  built  up  the  reputation  of  hav- 
ing the  most  active  mind  m  our  cffice.  The  other 
day  I  overheard  the  President  tell  one  of  the  di- 
recton  that  I  was  "chock  full  of  practical  ideas 
and  thought  more  clearly  than  anv  man  in  the 
place,"  ami  that  he  really  believes  this  I  feel  sure 
IS  shown  by  the  fact  that  I  am  earning  mora  to-day 
in  a  day  than  I  formerly  earned  in  a  week  and 
have  become  Qeneral  Manager  of  the  Company,  all 
in  such  a  short  time  it  almost  makes  my  head  swim. 

The  experience  ontlined  above  is  typical  of  that  of 
hundreds  of  othen  who  have  learned  the  art  of 
concentration — who  have  learned  to  direct  all  of 
their  mental  forces  on  each  problem  instead  of 
using  only  a  small  proportion  ot  their  brain  power. 
It  is  an  actual  scientific  &ot,  borne  ont  by  ex- 
perts, that  the  average  man  uses  only  about  one- 
tenth  of  his  available  brain  power  and  that  many 
men  of  snperior  brains  are  less  successful  than 
those  with  less  mind  power  becanse  the  man  with 
the  less  power  knows  bow  to  use  all  he  has. 
It's  like  the  trained  boxer  against  the  untrained 
man.  The  latter  may  be  twice  as  strong  as  the  ', 
former,  and  yet  the  trained  man  invariablv  wins 
becanse  he  knows  how  to  use  what  strength  ne  has. 
Concentration  is  so  important  and  means  so  mnch 
in  a  man's  success  that  it  ought  to  be  taught  in 
every  public  school  in  the  land,  for  what  is  the  use 
of  filling  the  mind  with  learning  if  the  way  to  use 
it  to  the  utmost  is  not  taught  ?  In  Het,  it  is  the 
hardest  thing  in  the  world  for  any  one  to  eiasp  &ats 
unleaa  he  con  concentrate  on  what  he  is  kaming. 
Who  has  not  seen  immensely  snocessful  men  who 
lacked  the  education  and  the  knowledge  of  othera 
who  hold  inferior  positions  ?  The  reason  that  the 
illiterate  man  has  made  good  is  because  he  has 
consdously  or  unconsciously  learned  how  to  direct 
his  mind — to  ooocentrate — while  the  better  edu- 
cated, but  less  successful  man,  has  not. 
And  yet  the  power  to  focus  the  mind  on  a  given 
problem  until  it  is  solved — the  art  which  is  respon- 
sible for  the  creative  mind — is  really  more  al  a 
knack  than  anything  else. 

In  the  " Cramp Svstem  of  Mental  Concentration" 
this  knack  is  so  clearly  explained  that  any  one  can 
follow  the  simple  direistions  with  results  from  the 
first  evening. 

Written  expressly  for  the  bnsiiiess  man  and  woman, 
every  non  cnaontial  has  been  eliminated,  and  yet 
the  course  contains  the  concentrated  eoaenoe  of  the 
greatest  masten  of  the  subject  since  the  world 
began.  Thera  is  not  a  dull  page  in  the  oourae. 
Every  line  teems  with  interest.  Dmdgei^  and 
hsrd  study  have  been  eliminated.  Just  frsoinating 
mental  exercises  that  secure  the  result  almost 
without  your  realizing  that  you  aro  woiUng. 
So  successful  has  this  course  proved  for  all  who  have 
followed  the  aunple  suggeatioas  that  the  publisbera 
have  decided  to  send  the  complete  course  on  free 
trial  without  deposit  for  five  days'  free  examination. 
Send  Bo  money.  Merely  fill  out  and  mail  the 
oonpon,  and  by  return  post,  all  chaives  paid,  the 
complete  oourae  will  be  sent.  Then,  u  you  are  not 
fully  satisfied,  return  it,  and  you  will  owe  nothine-. 
On  the  other  band,  if  you  are  pleased,  if  yon  do 
feel  it  will  be  worth  as  mnch  to  you  aa  it  was  to 
others,  send  only  $S  in  full  payiuent.  The  reason 
that  the  price  of  the  oourae  is  ao  low  is  that  the 
pnblisbers  feel  that  they  would  rather  sell  thon- 
snnds  at  a  low  price  than  hundreds  at  a  higher 
price.  Send  the  coupon  to-day. 
^  __  ^  __  raEE  TRIAI^  COUPON 

bSfTAtrSriaiNCY^iocnEfir  """"*""  * 

Dept.  IIOl  44*  Powlk  Ave.,  New  Yoeh.  N.  Y. 

Yoa  may  aand  ma  the  Cramp  Byatsm  of  Mantol  Coooratra- 
tkm  In  t«D  laaaona.  1  will  either  return  tlie  ocviae  In  lire 
daya  or  aeud  >ou  f5  in  full  paywaut. 

Nama 


Street 

City Bute. 


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230 


THE  OUTLOOK 


9  October 


ENGLAND 

AoodonQ 


Berlin 
O 


Pa 


ris 


^^fj 


'A? 


;>^" 


r^ 


VVfenK 


^7 


Y 


OvV-KioAtyvtc 


Od2<jy\Q  .x^Suo 


-vC^ 


iRome' 


\ 


IT   IS  the  boys  in  the  many  branches  of 
the  service  "  Over  There,"  on  land  and  sea, 
that  we  should  think  of  first  this  Christmas. 

Waterman's  Ideal  Fountain  Pen  ranks  first  among 
the  appropriate  presents  for  them.  They  need  one  con- 
stantly. Its  ever-readiness  and  unfailing  service  under 
all  conditions  have  made  it  possible  for  the  written 
word  to  replace  the  spoken  word,  in  keeping  the  home 
intimatelv  in  touch  with  its  dear  ones  on  land  and  sea, 
the  worm  over. 

There  is  a  size  to  fit  any  hand  and  a  point  to  suit  any 
personal  preference. 

Three  types— Safety,  Self-Filling 
and  Regular.  Plain  or  beautifully  or- 
namented. $2.50,  $4.00,  $5.00  and  up, 
according  to  size  and  ornamentation. 
Same  high  quality  throughout 


So/d  by  Best  Dealers  Everywhere 

L.   E.   WATERMAN    CO., 
191  Broadway,  New  York 


Chicaeo 

Montreal 


Boston  Sail  Fruncbco 

London  Paris 


"Makes  \Kt  Mark. 

around  tKe  World  ** 


STATXlfSm  OP  THK  0WNSB8HIP,  MABAOKXENT,  ETC.,  RKQUIRXD  BT  THS  ACT  OF  C0NORKB8 
OF  ADODBT  24,  1912,  OF  THK  OUTU)OK,  PUBLIBHSD  WEXKI.T  AT  mw  YORK,  IT.  T.,  FOB 
OOTOBER  1,  1918. 

State  o(  New  ToriLOountT  at  irewTorii,M.  ... 

B«<ora  me,  >  NotuT  Publlo  in  aiid  for  the  State  and  oonnty  atornaU.  penonally  appaued  Robert  D.  Townsend, 
v^&baTins  been  dnjr  iwotn  aooordliig  to  law,  dapoeee  and  lajs  that  ha  u  the  ManaglnK  Sditor  c<  THK 
OUTLOOKI  and  that  the  foUowinc  la,  to  the  beet  ol  Ua  knpwledae  and  bellel,  a  true  etatamant  di  the  ownenhln 
manaoement.  etc.»  ol  the  af  oreeaid  pnblicatioa  tor  the  date  mown  In  the  abore  capckn,  reqnlxad  by  the  Act  of 
AoRiut  N,  UU,  embodied  la  leotloD  M,  Foetal  Lawe  and  lecnlatlaoa.  to  wit: 

I.  That  the  name*  and  addreaeea  of  the  pobHihar,  '  t.  That  the  known  boodboldenLmortcaceea,  and  other 

eiUtor,  managing  editor,  and  bnaineie  managen  are :  eecuxOT  holdera  owning  or  holding  1  per  cent  or  more 

PubUaber—                                                                •  "^  total  amount  tt  bonoi,  mortgagaa,  or  other  eecuritlee 

The  Outlook  Company,  W  Fourth  Atb.,H.T.  City       "?'if"*^    . ^^ 

Kdito.^Ly»«. Abbot*. jnFo«thAT».M.T.city  „i2?StSrois,;:2s^a.s?Ld'sSiiSas; 

[  Kditor—  _  if  any,  oontain  not  only  the  hat  of  atookhoidan  and 

B.D.  Towniand,inFoiiith  A'>*.,N.T.Otty       •ecurfty  holden  as  they  appear  upon  the  books  o(  the 

ti„-j,i,.,  !(.-.__._  oompany,  bat  also.  In  caaaa  where  the  stookholder 

"'-^«SffiK-ompany.«Fo»rthA«.,N.I.01ty  SJS^  £?1^  ofTSy'^erlSuSS^r.'itiS; 

%  That  the  owners  ata:                                 the  name  of  the  penon  or  oorpontion  for  whom  suoh 

The  Outlook  Company,  881  Fourth  Are.,  N.  T.  City  tmatee  Is  acting.  Is  clTsn ;  also  that  the  ssid  two  para- 

BtookhoUeis  at  The  Outlook  Company  owniiw  1  par  KSSSjSS^^uJ^*"^*!."!'"'*^  afflant's   full 

eent  cv  more  of  the  total  aaoantofstoS:  nwwMdge  and  belief  as  to  the  drcnmstanoes  and  oon- 

,"^^"Trj~~™r"~™        „      ,_.  ditionsimidec  which  stoekhaklera  and  seonrity  bokJeia 

if"W*  X-  ■^W'pt .jBl  FoortiiATe..  Hjw  rork  wlw  da  not  aniear  upon  tiM  books  of  the  oompany  ss 

SSTS^^ASS"- 2S^"^'?**SF  ^    ..  trwteea,  hold  stock  and  securities  In  a  camdty  other 

Kroe*  H.  AWott .Ml  FowUi  Are.,  New  York  than  that  of  a  bona  Ode  owner;  and  thia  afimt  has  no 

{2™»4>>bott. "       .         ^          u  leasoo  to  beUara  that  any  other  person,  sesodation,  or 

^nnD^Cannan. t!L^'_,J'     _     „.^  oorpotatioahai any interek direct  mbidiract  hi  the  Mid 

v'^uftM^Jji mnSm^'^^'Zl^  (took,  bond*;  or  other  seedritles  than  as  so  stated  by  Mm. 

AlmiraT.  ruUfer........Hoin(iib*iUe,  New  Tork  September, »!(.' 

Barold  T.  Pnlslfer. 181  Fouith  An.,  New  York  Cnu?      ■                  (Mgned)  J.  LnnKoDT.      ,    ' 

N.T.PnWfer .4M  Fouith  Are..  New  York  Notair  PubHe,  Westdieeter  Comity:  New  York  Conaty 

CharlesRI|(anMlmB«MnectMtrAT«.B*Uya,,I!.l^,  Qlfsk'ii  No.  M ;  Nm Tark Cpontylieclstar's  No.  IMK; 

James  BtSKm(Kstato  of),  UWalTst.  New  f^  (MMSmx  filed  U^  New  Yoik  County  i  Oommissini 

Robert  D.  Townsend lb  FOortb  Si«l,  Baw  Toik  rsotpinaJikrchN,  UIO. 


TO  THE  AMERICAN  AMBAS- 

SADOR  TO  GREAT   BRITAIN 

ON   HEARING   OF   HIS 

RETIREMENT 

BY  B.  D.  RAVNSLKT 

Americana  will  be  glad  to  lee  this  appreeiitni, 
from  an  Engrlialmuui  of  Canon  Rswndey's  ataadii^. 
of  the  Talaabla  aerrioea  rendered  by  A  mini 
dor  F&Ke  in  England  to  the  common  cftnae.— Tn 
Bditors. 

No  need  with  wings  to  bridge  th'  Atiaatic 
sea, 
For  though,  we  wave  farewell  -with  s» 

rowful  hand, 
There  on  that  other  shore  yoa  still  sfail 
stand 
A  stronger  bridge  for  true  democracy, 
Maker  of  bond  that  eTermore  shall  be : 
And  we  who  know  how  nobly  you  htn 

planned 
For  love  between  the  mother  and  daagih 
ter  land, 
Feel  that  henceforth  all  nations  shall  be 
free. 

You  with  wise  outlook  knew  the  Saxoi 

race, 
Spake  the  same  language,  felt  with  tlie 

same  heart 
Fur  all  thing*  honorable,  true,  and  jiut: 
And  if  no  more  we  see  your  kindly  bice. 
Your  words  shall  ring  to  keep  us  to  wt 

trust. 
Yon  who  so  well  have  played  a  stite- 

man's  part. 


FOUR    STARS 

BY  KATHARINB   HOLLAND  BSOWN 

She  sat  near  me  yesterday  in  the  li|, 
bright  hotel  stm-panor,  a  tiny  shrivdai 
figure  in  an  ebony  wheel-chair,  her  watchfil 
nurse  at  her  side.  The  great  glaas-waUi 
room  was  as  warm  as  summer,  yet  ^1 
was  wrapped  in  gray  velvet  and  silver  fim.j 
and  over  ner  thin  old  knees  lay  a  rug  tim' 
might  have  been  woven  of  pussy-wiDows.: 
was  so  soft,  so  misty  gray.  From  » 
puffed  snow-white  coronet  on  her  Et:i> 
bead  to  her  narrow  suMe  shoe  she  av 
point-device,  a  little  ancient  empml 
Diamonds  and  sapphires  weighed  down  liSj 
leaf-brown  hands,  a  spray  of  wondern.' 
stones  flashed  on  her  sunken  little  br«i^ 
Something  else  shone  there  amid  her  Ika- 
two  Service  pins,  each  with  two  tiny  criD'j 
son  stars — in  all,  four  stars.  j 

"  Yes."  She  nodded  to  my  qaeationi^s 
look.  Over  her  dim  face  came  a  elint  i 
a  smUe.  "Don't  vou  think  I'm  the  nq 
old  woman,  mv  aear,  to  be  wearing  i 
Service  pins  ?  Fotir  stars — when  they're 
my  boys  at  all  ?" 

"  Not  your  boys — " 

<'No."  She  pondered.  It  was  as  if^ 
sank  back  into  the  depths  of  years.  Tl 
her  smile  glinted  agam.  "  Yon  tee,  Tn 
very  old  woman,  eighty-five  my  last  HH 
day.  After  you've  turned  eigh^,  mj  ia 
yon  won't  mind  owning  to  your  a^  dtk 
Fifty  years  ago  I  had  my  own  preal 
chilor^n,  tlpee  of  them,  two  boya  and  1 
o^e  little,  girL  But ,  now | they' te  all  gt* 
every  one.  Nowadays,  of  all  my  kin,  tin 
affi  lust  i^y  two  nephews  left.  Tljej're  I 
really  my  nephewf,  they  re  m^  eoasi 
gj^andchildren.:  But,  they  re  like'  imy  >> 
aoQs  ,to  me,  fori  thbir  parents  died  *i 
,  fh«j  were  just  t»bies,  and  I  brought  ti 
,up,  They're  middle-aged'men  now.  Thai 
is  foirty  and  Loren  for^-^o.     Thrf 


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1918 

Fhmr  Stan  IContimimlt 
alwajrs  been  so  g;ood  to  me,  so  tender  and 
so  futhfnl  I  But  the  minute  war  was  de- 
clared they  both  wanted  so  terribly  to 
volunteer!  And  they'd  taken  training  at 
Plattsburg,  they  were  ready  and  fit  for 
service.  80  I  said, '  Go.'  Tlioivh  ti^ey'd 
have  stayed  in  America  if  I  haa  asked  it. 
For  they  know  I  haven't  much  more  time. 
Bat  I  couldn't  ask  that. 

"  So  thev  went.  More  than  a  year  aeo. 
The  niffht  oef ore  they  sailed  Loren  brought 
me  this."  Her  fingers  touched  one  pm. 
"  I've  worn  it  every  hoar.  It's  been  a  good 
deal  of  comfort,  my  dear," 

Again  she  sat  silent  before  her  memories. 
"  And  the  other  two  stars — " 
"  Oh,  LemaeTs  boys  gave  me  the  other 
one.  I  don't  know  which  of  my  pins  I'm 
proudest  of."  A  dim  red  rose  in  her  cheek. 
Her  shadowed  eyes  glowed.  "  Lemuel  was 
foreman  of  oar  cotton  plantation,  forty 
years  gone.  I  never  even  saw  him.  The 
plantation  was  just  an  investment  of  my 
nnsband's.  We  always  lived  up  North,  you 
see.  We  didn't  know  much  about  our  em- 
ployees. We  weren't  really  interested  in 
them.  All  we  did  know  was  that  Lemuel 
was  a  Negro,  and  a  splendid  manager,  keen 
as  a  v^plash.  We  didn't  know  that  his 
wife  had  died  and  left  him  with  two  little 
boys,  and  that  he  was  lonely  and  unhappy. 
He'd  always  lived  honorably,  but  when  she 
died  he  took  to  drinking  and  to  gambling. 
One  nieht,  in  a  drunken  quarrel,  he  was 
shot.  Tne  marderer  hid  his  body  in  the 
cotton  warehouse,  then  set  it  afire.  When 
we  heard  that  dreadful  news,  we  were 
angij — and  ashamed,  too.  If  we'd  been 
lo<»ing  after  our  men,  that  never  would 
have  happened.  Now  the  only  thing  we 
could  do  was  to  take  care  of  his  two  little 
boys. 

"  WeD,  I  sent  the  little  fellows  away  to 
school  at  once.  Smart  as  steel-traps  they 
were,  and  sweet- natured  and  eager  to  learn. 
Lem,  Junior,  went  through  school  and 
academy,  then  studied  medicine.  He  was  a 
bom  surgeon,  and  I  helped  him  build  his 
hospital  for  his  own  people,  down  in 
Georgia.  There's  no  bounds  to  the  good 
that  boy  has  done.  And  Fred,  he  wantmi  to 
be  a  teacher.  So  twelve  years  ago  I  deeded 
him  my  farm  in  Mississippi,  thirteen  hun- 
dred acres,  and  stocked  it  with  blooded 
cattle,  and  put  up  cood  brick  buildings  and 
a  dormitory  for  ms  students,  and  so  on. 
Yoa  can't  believe  what  that  child  has  ac- 
complished just  in  twelve  years !  He's  taken 
hanareds  01  boys  and  taught  them  farm- 
ing, he's  helpea  their  fathers  with  seed- 
oom  and  cotton,  he's  set  up  tomato  clubs 
for  the  girls  and  canning  dabs  for  the 
motfiers.  He's  not  just  a  teacher.  He's  a 
builder.  He's  helping  rebuild  his  whole 
race. 

**  Bat  when  the  war  came  it  was  with 
Lemuel's  sons  as  it  was  with  Thomas  and 
Loren.  They  had  to  g^.  Thev  couldn't  live 
and  stand  it  to  stay  behinif.  Now  Lem, 
Junior,  is  working  day  and  night  in  a  field 
hospital,  and  Fred  is  saving  fif^  men's 
won,'  his  colonel  wrote  me,  in  Handling 
grain  and  foodstails  at  a  g^reat  commissary 
baae.  He  knows  how,  you  see.  And  they 
had  three  days'  leave  m  Paris,  a  montn 
affo.  And  together  they  sent  ihe  my  pin. 
'nieyaaked  me  to  wear  it  always. 

"  rtof  I  haven't  any  right  tb  a  single  star. 
Bat  I'm  a  very  old  womaE,  my  dear.  And 
I  brqvgfat  them  up,  all  four.  I  was  aU  the 
'father  and  mother  that  they  ever'  knbw. 
So  maybe  I  have  a  little  bit  of  right  to  my 
four  stars,  after  alL  Don't  you  think — 
naybe'sor*  '■''  '•  1  i 


THE   OUTLOOK 


231 


Costing 
12c  to  13c 
Contains  2490 
Calories 


It  Looks  Big 

When  You  Figure  Its  Food  Value 

Meat  Co»t»  8  Times  as  Much  per  Calory 

The  small  package  of  Quaker  Oats  contains  2490  calories  of  food.  It  costs 
12  to  13  cents. 

The  calory  is  the  energy  unit  used  to  measure  foo<l. 

Quaker  Oats  equals  in  food  value — approximately — the  following  amounts  of 
other  staple  foods. 


Measured  by  Calories 

Om  I3e  Packaa*  Qukar  OaU  Eqoak 

3Kqls.Milk 

SII».Lvof  Umb 

SON. Whit.  BfMd 

B  Iba.  Yowis  ChidMB 

7llM.PoUtaM 

Figure  what  you  pay  for  these  foods.  You  will  find  that  meat  foods — for  the 
same  calories — cost  8  to  14  times  as  much  as  Quaker  Oats.  Then  compere  them. 


Calories  Per  Pound 
Reand  SiMh      8M  Ecn  720 

YeoncCliiekra  BOB  QMk«r  Oal*  ISIO 


Thus  Quaker  Oats — the  food  of  foods— has  from  2  to  3  times  the  calory 
value.  Yet  all  are  good  foods,  and  some  are  indispensable. 

Use  Quaker  Oats  to  bring  down  the  food^ost  averaee.  Make  it  your  break- 
fast. Serve  it  fried.  Mix  it  with  your  flour  foods  to  add  flavor  and  save  wheat. 
Each  dollar's  worth  used  to  displace  meat  saves  you  about  18,  measured  by 
the  calories  supplied. 

Maker  Oats 

The  Extra-Flavory  Flakes 


The  reason  for  'Quaker  Oats  is  s«|. 
per  flavor.  They  are  (U)ked  from  queen, 
grains  onljr— just  the  nch,  plump  oats. 


We  get  but  ten  poondit  froin  a  bushel. 

When  such  a  grade  sells  at  no  extra 

price,  it  is  due  to  yourself  that  jroo  get  it. 


12,  tp  13c  tmd  30  to  32c  Per  Package 

AtOTP*  in  Fmr  W—l  mitd  Somth 


J2SSSL 


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232 


THE   OUTLOOK 


9  October 


FINANCIAL    DEPARTMENT 


V7 


AH  legitimate  questions  from  Outlook  readers  about  investment  securities  will  be  answered  either  by  personal  letter  or 
in  these  pages.  The  Outlook  cannot,  of  course,  undertake  to  guarantee  against  loss  resulting  from  any  specific  invest- 
ment. Therefore  it  irH  not  advise  the  purchase  of  any  specific  security.  But  it  will  give  to  inquirers  facts  of  record  or 
information  resulting  from  expert  investigation,  leaving  the  responsibility  for  final  decision  to  the  investor.  And  it  will 
admit  to  its  pages  only  those  financial  advertisements  which  after  thorough  expert  scrutiny  are  believed  to  be  worthy  of 
confidence.   Ail  listters  of  inquiry  regarding  investment  securitiee  should  be  addressed  to 

THE  OUTLOOK  HNANCIAL  DEPARTMENT,  381  Fourth  Avenae.  New  York 


The  Fourth  Liberty  Loan 
and  its  ObUgations 


THE  offering  by  the  United  States  Government  of  the  Fourth 
Liberty  Loan  brings  a  solemn  obligation  to  every  American 
citizen  and  every  American  enterprise. 

That  obligation  is  to  subscribe  to  the  Loan  to  the  limit  of  one's 
power  and  to  aid  the  Loan  by  the  rendering  of  every  possible  service. 

For  the  period  of  the  Loan  Campaign,  The  National  City 
Company  will  devote,  as  heretofore,  the  larger  part  of  its  organ- 
ization throughout  the  United  States  to  the  Government  service. 

We  shall  be  glad  to  receive  your  subscription  at  any  of  our 
offices. 

The  National  City  G>mpany 

National  City  Bank  Building        New  York 


CORRESPONDENT  OFFICES 


AuAinr,  N.  T. 
IteBrckBMc. 

ATiJurr4,OA. 
TnistOo.olOa.BMc. 

BAi.Tiiioa%,lC]>. 
Miuuey  BUg. 

BorroH,  Hah. 

lOStotoStTMt 

BimuQ,  S.  T. 

Marine  Bank  BMC. 
Cbwaoo,  lu- 

mSo-LftSaUoSt. 


CnroimiATi,  Ohio 
Fourth  Natl.  Bk.BMg. 

CiATKLjuiD,  Ohio 
Ooardian  BMg. 

Dattok,  Omo 
HutiuU  Boms  Bids. 

Duma,  Colo. 
na  17th  Btrast. 

I>vnKiiT,  Mich. 
147  Oriawold  BtTMt 

HAinoaD,  Com. 
OoDn.  Mutual  BM*. 


ItroIAMAFOLIB,  IkD. 

rietchar  Baring*  & 
TniatBldg. 
KAiraAi  CiTT,  Mo. 

RapubUc  Bide. 
Loa  AKOHLaa,  CAih 

Uibernian  Bldg. 

MnfHSAPOLlB.  MlNH. 

McKnlKhtBldc. 
NawAaa,  N.  J. 

790  Broad  St. 
Nkw  Obliaks,  La. 

301  Baroime  Bt. 


PmLADiLmA.  Fa. 
1421  Chsatnut  Btraat 

PiTiaaiiaoHi  Pa. 
Parmen  Bank  Bldg. 

POKTLAKD,  MaIKB 

Ml  Congnw  Bt. 

PoaTLAHD,  Oaa. 
Railmrkxchanga  Bldg. 

PaoTiDSncK,  R.  I. 
Indiutrial  Tnut  Bldg. 

Rkthicomd,  Va. 
1214  Mutual  BMg. 


Bonds 


LoMOOH,  E.  C.  3  Eng.    18  Bishapagate. 

Short  Term  Notes 


Ba*  rBAXonoo,  Cal. 
4M  California  St 

BBATTUt,  Wash. 
BogsBldg. 

8raiiiaFm>o,  Mau. 
*ti  Natl.  Bank  Btdg.' 

St.  Louia,  Mo. 
Bk.  at  Commarae  BMg. 

WAamHSToa,  O.  C. 
741  Utb  Bt..  M.  W. 

WnjEsa-BAaaa,  Pa. 
MInen  Bank  BMg. 


Acceptances 


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1918  THE  OUTLOOK 

THE    GOLD  QUESTION 

WE  liATe  gained  in  gold  since  the  economic  thought,  is  necessary  to  the  main- 
opening  of  the  war  approximately  tenance  of  our  resources  and  our  credit 
$1,050^XX),000.  The  Federal  Re-  position  both  during  and  after  the  war.  If 
serve  Banks  held  as  of  September  tliis  is  true,  what  premium  or  bounty  can 
20, 32,023,000,558.   The  total  stock  of  gold  be  considered  a  subsidy  for  one  mine  with- 
in the  country,   including   United    States  out  becoming  a  bonus  tor  another? 
Treasury  holdings,  was,  as  of  September  1,  Is  this  the  gold  question  ?  It  is  only  one 
S3,U79,iM)04i29.  The  great  European  banks  gold  Question.    Some  economists  tliink  we 
held   as   of  September   26  approximately  sliall  nave  too  much  gold  after  the  war ; 
£710,000,000,  or,  roughly,  $3,372,500,000.'^  tliey  fear  that  we  will  have  dull  times,  a 
These  figures  represent  the  known  gold  surfeit  of  riches,  hich  domestic  prices,  and 
resonrces.    What  naa   become   of  the  re-  a   foreign   competition   that   may  tap  our 
mainder  of  the  gold  produced  since  history  gold  resources  to  pay  for  cheap  imports. 
l>egan  is  conjecture.  How  much  lies  at  the  The  theory  of  a  League  of  Nations  in- 
bottom   of  tue  sea,   how  much   has  been  volves  the  question  of  monetary  standards, 
hoarded,  how  much  has  gone  into  jewelry  a  world  system  in  which  an  international 
and  commercial  uses,  is  an  unknown  qnan-  clearing-house  sliould  be  estalilished.  Such 
tity.  Excluding  the  gold  which  lies  hidden  a  clearing-house  would  probably  have  as 
in  the  hills  and  vallevs,  no  one  knows  what  little  neeafor  gold  as  our  New  York  banks 
the  gold  resonrces  of  the  world  are.  when  they  compare  their  debits  and  credits 
Gold  has  been  so  oniversally  recognized  and  make  their  settlements  at  the  end  of  a 
as  the  eternal  criterion  of  material  values  day's  work, 
that  nations  do  not  hesitate  to  melt  the 

coin  of  a  foreign  realmwid  to  remint  it  for  ottfSTTONS  ATJn  AN<5WFR.<5 

their   own  purposes.   Whether  in   coin  or  yUl<.t»HUJNS>  AJNU  AJMbWliKis 

bars,  cold  is  the  measure  of  value  between  ,  Q.  I  will  have  some  mopey  to  invest  this  fall,  and 

natioM  as  between  individuals.    The  new-  ^Tiw,°,'&°*.^J,'^!f^^^!^^'2!!lSS 

.          .        ijfAii_i..               .1          .1  ™  Liiberty  ISonas,  aome  lons-temi  mortgage  bonda 

found  gold  of  Alaska,  but  recently  coined  of  good  corporationa  or  bonda  of  some  of  OUT  citiea. 

into  American  eagles,  fluxes  with  Spanish  I  am  principally  interested  in  the  tofety  of  the  in- 

doobloons  as  readUy  as  with  British  sever-  veatment,  but  of  coarse  will  not  be  averse  to  getdng 

/^  •  >   ,     <.     -3     t.-^     ^u         t.  tu  6  or  6  per  cent,  and  1  nnderstand  that  aaoh  a  t»- 

eigns.    Gold  loses  its  identity  through  the  tnni  maV  be  expected, 

ages  and  remains  that  mysterious  substance  Will  yon  be  good  enongh  to  reoommend  aome 

— gold — the  deepest  of  economic  studies.  »noh  bonds  and  to  give  your  reasons  for  the  selec- 

«  An  over-supply  of  gold,"  says  Cham-  tion»nade? 

berlain,*  «  means  a  depreciation  iii  ite  value  /*•  5**"^?  l""''  **  y*"*  describe  are  lypi- 

in  terms  of  commodities  nntU  the  point  is  <»1  "^  }^^  '»»';««*  tyPf  of  investment.  We 

reached  that  gold-mining  becomes  uaprofit-  ^^^  pleasure  m  offering  the  f  oUowing  hst 

^i    »             o                 o                     r  jjjj,  your  consideration.    It  represents  some 

That  is  in  a  sense  the  situation  in  gold-  °*  ™»ny  bonds  of  this  class.  Any  r^jutable 

mining  to-day.    Rising  costs  of  matii-ial,  H"*^  house  will  be  glad  to  furmdi  detailed 

UborTand  fuel  threaten  to  make  it  impos-  information  on  your  request    In  wnUng 

Bible  to  produce  goW  at  its  standard  vJue,  the«n  you  do  not  necessarUy  obhgate  your- 

vrhich  in  terms  of  United  States  currency  ^Jf  "*    ^^'n 

i»  fixed  at  $20.67  per  dunce.  K*n,^*'^  «<>'™'           j  q^  t,    ,           ,      , 

7.'        t_-         I      iV       J     .-        ^L    un  Chicago,  Milwaukee,  and  St.  Paul  general  and 

i>peakme  of  gold  production,  the  »L«om-  refunding  His,  due  2014,  atabout  68,  to  yield 

mercial  and  Financial  Chronicle  "  states  in  approximately^  6  per  cent. 

a,  recent  issoe  that  "it  is  probable,  if  fail-  Northem  Paoifio  Hallway  Company  prior  lien 

ores  were  «ynted,  they  "never   had  paid  :|jt^'„S^;t±''ir"*'"°"'"''"^' 

the  comparative  cost  of  production  m  any  Public  Utilitt  Bokds: 

jountry,  not  excepting  the  fabled  sands  of  Philadelphia  Electric  Compooy  first  Be,  due 

AlABka."  ^'^'  *"  y*'^  ■'~"'  OH  per  cent. 

^"TT^^^   ..     .     .           .       ,              J         J  Northem  States  Power  Company  first  and  ro- 

i  be  intricate  system  of  values  and  cred-  funding  fie,  due  1941,  to  yield  about  6.13  per 

te    rests   upon   the   gold   standard.    That  cent. 

itandard  couW  be  changed,  if  at  all,  only  *'}^?Jf=^*^?°'™=T,         ^   ,          .  ,,    ,„„ 

.ithgreatdifficultyandb^concurrentinte^  M S^Tur^^Tj^ie^d ^"^r^J^.''  '^"^ 

lataonal  action.  Somersworth,  New  Hampshire,  refunding  serial 

The  gold  question  to-day  is,  and  this  is  *X».  due  1919  to  1883,  to  jield  about  4.25  per 

he  question  which  has  been  under  discus-  .f,"'', 

ion  at  various  conferences  of  the  North-  .  ^^  ««the  above  bonds  have  ample  secu- 
rest Mining  Association  on  the  Pacific  "^7  «»«  "^^  earning  power  behmd  them, 
>>a*t,  ShaU  gold  production  in  America  be  «"■  ^^  proteotedby  a  taxing  power  of  much 
smutted  to  dechne,  or  shall  some  tempo-  greater  scope  ttiaa  IS  necessary  to  make 
ary    subsidy  be  established   to   keep  the  "»««»  merely  seooie. 

redges  going  ?    The  suggestion  has  been  Q.  My  mothet,  who  is  dependent  upon  the  in- 

r»rle  that  the  mines  be  given  a  bounty,  o""*  "i°°».  ly  security  houUiKs,  now  has  some 

'Inch  both   the  mdustry  as  well   as   the  budttf 

;an<Wd  ShaU  be  preserved.    During  thu  A  At  the  time  of  the  reorganization  of 

»r     Gr«it    Bntam    has    continued    her  the    Western    Padflc  Railway  Company 

•renavaal  operations,  and  through  a  bberai  the  replacement  vafae  was   estimated  at 

t,licy  towards  gold-miners  has  succeeded  $75,odD,000.  This  was  augmented  by  about 

,  keepmg  the  production  very  close  to  toe  geventeen  and  a  half  nSilicHi  dollars  by 

'XU*     '*'*^                e  ^L        ij     •  •  expenditure  of  proeeeda  of  the  new  bonds. 

Tlie  contmuance  of  the  gold-mming  m-  The   old    compSny    had   something  over 

a«try,  according    to   the  best  practical  inoo,000,000  mJutstandingfundS  debt 

1  Kanksof                               September  26  ««i  w»»  capitalized  at  $75,000^00.  While 

jBt^Mod £71,ft»2,:t60  the  new  coinpany's  capitalization  totals  tlie 

F'tMice. .'.'.'.'".*.'.*..'..! l."w|o.w,'«»  same — $47,500,000  in  commoa  stock  and 

«*™i»n?i ^'IvV.S'^'S  $27,500,000  in  preferred  stock— its  funded 

^^™",    "^''o  ■  r;  •  ■  • ;     "•'f*'*»  debt  has  been  pared  down  to  mifiDOfm  in 

r    "■  Principles    of    Bond    Investment,     by  Law-       n„.  „      . „'^i i 

,c-»   CJuunberlain.  p.  IMa.   Henry  iWt  &  Co.,  first  mortgage  bonds, 

,«r   York.  As  you  will  see,  the  capital  stock  of  the 


233 


A  REVISED  NEW  EDITION  OF 

MONEY  and 

INVESTMENTS 

By  MONTGOMERY  ROLUNS 

A  standaid  Reference.  Book  in  daily  use 
by  thousands  of  Bankers  and  Investors  as  a 
guide  iD.buyinK  seonritiee. 

This  work,  written  in  simple  language, 
goes  to  the  fundamental  principles  of  money 
and  its  uses.  It  shows  now  best  to  safe- 
guard investments  and  makes  plain  the 
distinctiaa  between  the  various  classes  of 
Bonds,  Stocks,  Notes. 

A    BOOK    FOR    EVEBT    nrVESTOR. 

121110,  Had  Cloth,  4*4  Pbkbs.  at  Boolutoras,  or  from 
the  pubUshen  poirtjsM  on  reoelpt  of  prioe— SS.SO. 

Si]e  i^tnancid  |)nbli8l}in9  Co. 

ControllfaiK  the  Publicstloos  of 

MOMTOOMSBT  RoLUlfS 

BEAOQUARTERS  IN  AUKRICA  FOB 
ALL  BOOKS  UPON  FINANCB 

ROOM  2,  17  JOY    ST.,    BOSTON.  MASS. 


NOT  ONE  DOLLAR  LOST 

ON  A 

DANFORTH  FARM  MORTGAGE 

I?l    SIXTT   TEARS 

No  Investor  hsa  ever  forecloeed  s  Hoitnce,  taken  afoot 

■of  land  or  lost  a  dollar  on  a  Daaforth  Fwrm  Mortgage. 

For  further  mformatioa  regardinic  oar  Vaxm  Loana  and 

Bonda  write  tor  Booklet  and  Inverton' Uat  No.  68. 

AG-Danforth-£Q) 

BANKERS  Founded  A.D.  I8B8 

WASHINGTON  ILLINOIS 


FIRST 

FARM 

MOiiMESl 


Patriotic     and     Profitable    InTeshncatfi 

ILick    up    the    l)ijsiii(!^^     r,f    Qi^Ti   iiltiirc-l 

t-jrincrs  arc   t-idjy  iiccilful    of  lm.inci.iJ  I 

I  aiil,    ami    an    iincslincni    in    our     F.inn  I 

Mortk;in:cs  and  Real  F.state  bonds  Is  I 
Crulv  [>3trioti<:  as  well  as  profitable.  S«nrlf 
for  ramphlet  "IS  '*  and  current  oiferings,  1 
Amotints  to  suit.  I 

E.J.  Uader  h  Co  .Craad  Foiki.  N.D. 


new  concern  represents  approximately  the 
equity  in  the  property,  llie  new  money 
wnicn.came  in  throu^  the  reoi^anization 
has  been  wisely  expended,  being  qpent 
largely  for  the  acquisition  of  new  equip- 
ment and  inconie-producing-property  ex- 
tensions, and  the  company  is  now  in  a 
position  to  earn  some  money  for  its  stock- 
holders. In  fact,  out  of  the  net  income  for 
1917,  $2,443,269,  after  allowing  for  interest 
on  the  S20,000,000  5  per  cent  bonds  and 
6  per  cent  dividend  on  the  preferred  stock, 
there  was  left  applicable  to  the  cominoa 
S793,269,  which  was  carried  to  surplus  ac- 
count Current  earnings  are  running  at 
practically  the  same  rate. 

In  our  opinion,  the  preferred  stock  de- 
serves a  fair  investment  rating,  but  the 
common  can  be  classed  aa  nothing  but  a 
speculation. 

Q.  Would  TOO  reoommend  the  porcbase  of  Penn- 
sylvani*  Rnilraad  Company  stock,  which  I  under- 
stands pays  6  per  cent  and  sells  under  9!X)  a  share  ? 
Can  you  tell  me  what  dividends  the  Lehigh  Valley 
pays? 

A.  The  Pennsylvania  Railroad  C!ompany 
has  been  paying  dividends  on  its  stock  at 
tiie  rate  of  o  per  cent.  This  is  somewhat 
misleading  as  a  bald  statement,  for  the 
stock  lias  a  par  value  of  $oO  per  share,  and 
at  the  above  rate  the  yearly  return  is  S3  a 
^hare.  Its  present  price  of  about  S44  per 
share  is  88  per  cent  of  its  par  value,  and 
should  be  thought  of  in  those  terms  when 
comparing  it  with  other  stocks,  the  maior- 
ity  of  which  have  a  par  value  of  $100. 
Lehigh  Valley  Railroaa  Company  common 
stock  sells  at  about  61,  and  its  dividend 
rate  is  10  per  cent. 


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234 


THE   OUTLOOK 


iliililllliifliililiiilillliil^ 

McCutcheon's 

Autumn  and 
Winter  Styles 

James  McCutcheon  &  Company  announce  a  show- 
ing of  the  newest  models  and  materials  in  Women's 
and  Misses'  Gowns  and  Suits. 

Suits  in  semi-dress  style  of  Broadcloth,  fur-trimmed  or  plain. 
Tailored  models  of  Silver-tone  Velour $56.50 

^^^  Sails  in  two  styles,  made  of  heavy  Wpd 

Jersey  in  plain  colors  or  Heather  Mixtures. 

$37.50  and  AA.SO 

Coats  in  distinctive  models  and'  a  variety 
of  materials  with  apd  without  fur  trimming. 

$37.50  and  51.00 

Frocks  of  Serge  in  youthful  styles,  in 
Navy  and  Black.      .      .      $16.95  and  22.50 

.Dresses  in  Tailored  styles  of  Wool  Jersey, 
in  three  distinctive  models. 

$29.75  to  35.75 

Dresses  for  afternoon  wear  in  Georgette 
Crepe  or  Satin  Charmeuse.      .      .      $38.50 

Frock  of  Crepe  de  Chine  in  light  and  dark 
shades $24.00 

Skirts  of  Wool  in  smart  plaid  patterns. 

$18.00  and  21.00 

Dress  Skirt  of  Satin  Charmeuse  in  Black 
or  Taupe $22.50 

Blouses  for  dress  wear  in  Georgette  Crepe. 
Colors :  Navy,  Taupe,  Black,  Copen,  Wis- 
taria.          $10.75 

Tailored  Shirts  in  smart  plaids  with  high  collars.    .    .    $8.75 


Tailored  Suit  of 
Broadcloth,  Seal 
collar,  In  Black  and 
colors.  (56.75 


Blouses  of  Regimental  Striped  Silk  and  Tailored  Shirts  of  Striped 
Flannel. $5.75 

A  copy  of  our  new  Fall  and  Winter  Catalogue  will  be  mailed 
gladly  on  request. 

Any  of  the  garments  described  above  maybe  ordered  witb 
complete  satisfaction  through  our  Mail  Order  Service. 


■    WS.S. 


James  McCutcheon  &  Go. 

^  Fifth  Avenue,  34th  &  33d  Streets 


New  York 


ARE  YOU   AN   INVESTOR? 

During  the  past  year  the  Financial  Editor  of  The  Oudook  has  helped  hundreds  of 
Outlodt  readers  to  solve  intelligently  their  particular  investment  problems.  Perhaps 
vou  are  contemplating  a  shiftin?  of  your  present  holdings  or  have  fresh  fuiuls  to 
mvest.  In  either  case  we  shall  be  giad  to  give  you  specific  information  on  any  securi- 
ties in  which  you  may  be  interested.  -This  service  is  entirely  free  to  Outlook  reacLers. 

THE  OUTLOOK  FINANCIAL  DEPARTMENT 

THE  OUTLOOK  CX>MPANY,  381  Fourth  Ave.,  N.  Y. 


9  OctakfT 

BY  THE   WAY 

"  Uncle  Rastus,"  says  the  story-teller  of 
the  "Typographic  Messeneer,"  "n. 
walking  alwut  town  An  a  week-day,  but  viili 
his  Sunday  clothes  on  and  a  flower  in  Id, 
lapel.  '  W^hatis  the  reason?'  he  was  uk»l 
'  Well,  ye  see,  boss,'  he  replied, '  I  am  eel- 
brating  my  golden  wedding.'  'Bat  jogi 
wife  came  around  for  the  wash  this  morn- 
ing. Why  isn't  she  celebrating  with  yos'' 
'  Oh,  Mandy !'  explained  Rastus  ; '  she  aii'i 
got  nothing  to  do  with  it.  She's  uiy  thinl 
wife.' " 

Telling  of  the  difiSculties  that  oar  solili«r< 
encounter  in  speaking  French,  a  yoiu> 
Irishman,  who  enlisted  in  Anaerica,  writt* 
to  a  friend :  "  You  can  imagine  Uist  m 
French  with  an  Irish  accent  sounds  loreli 
I  get  on  BO  much  better  when  no  foreii^iitr 
but  myself  is  around !  I  would  rather  fm 
a  firing  squad  at  sunrise  than  do  the  m- 
versational  act  before  some  of  my  Ameri- 
can friends.  And  when  any  of  tne  bouli 
has  to  talk  with  a  Frenchnmn,  how  wt  al 
hang  back  and  snigger  at  the  goat ! . . . 
Ao  adaptable  person  at  all  times,  I  hat' 
fallen  in  with  military  ways  quicker  thu  i 
ever  hoped  or  expected.  Am  very  welLp" 
lots  to  eat,  and  have  everytiiing  I  want- 
except  that  I  get  no  mail,  at  least  so  iu.' 

When  George  Reid,  tlie  High  Commis- 
sioner for  the  Australian  Commonwealtk 
was  knighted,  according  to  tlie  San  Fns- 
cisco  "Argonaut,"  his  democratic  assodiai 
balked  at  calling  him  "  Sir."  A  heckler  ii 
a  meeting  called  out,  "  Say,  '  Sir '  Gtatp- 
what  does  K.C.M.G.  after  your  mat 
mean  ?"  Witliout  a  moment's  heaitation  tiy 
new  Knight  Commander  of  the  Order  « 
St.  Michael  and  St.  Gieorge  aagvertd 
"  Keep  Calling  Me  George." 

Among  "  Yankee  jiotions  "  advertkc 
recently  are  these : 

"  The  Thinking  Maohine  is  a  vondsrtnl 
device  that  writes  original  plots  for  your  photo^ 
and  stories. 

Four  Leaf  Cloven,  gpraatest  ooUectioD,  900, 
perfect  in  rainbow  globes. 

Traveler's  Ironing  Board.  I^p  folds.  His  sa£ 
legs,  very  light  weight.    Patent  for  sale. 

Book  tells  how  to  build  illpsions.  Handcof  ■' 
second-sight  acts,  phapeangraphyact ;  raanj  tntk 

A  Hideons  EarSpUtting  Roar.  That's  wbii 
soldier  in  battle  hears.  Send  him  a  pair  of  i« 
Patent  Ear  Flogs.  Address ,  etc." 

The  names  of  many  famous  soldiers  t^ 
pear  on  the  rolls  of  tlie  Marine  Cww~ 
to  "  encourage  the  rest,"  as  it  were.  Itpfl* 
are  seventy  Alexanders,  it  is  annoa]irr<. 
seventy-one  Grants,  a  hundred  ajid  sii'  - 
two  Lees,  thirty-diree  Sheridans,  ir.' 
Washingtons,  three  Wellingtons,  and  w 
Bonaparte.  Probably  some  of  oar  cole^ 
regiments  could  produce  a  Cesar,  a  Snpi 
or  a  Hannibal  to  match  the  above-naiiK-- 
celebrities,  unless  these  old-time  favon> 
as  given  names  hnve  gone  oat  of  fuh^ 
altogether. 

A  salvage  department  is  a  good  thiai;  -> 
a  large  plant,  it  appears.  "  Snipping"  t^ 
ports  that  in  such  a  department  re««E'- 
established  in  a  big  shipyard  iu  New  Jftf 
the  revenue  from  the  siale  of  the  lai^ 
waste  paper  alone  more  tluui  met  the  c^ 
of  the  department.  Old  rivet  barrels  w 
a  source  of  income — the  staves  «!«" 
knocked  out  and  sold  for  kindling,  t'- 
bands  sold  for  scrap  iron ;  old  copper  v^-" 
was  stripped  and  the  insulation  sold  i ' 
rubber ;  the  copper  in  the  ends  of  bral^ 
electric-light  bulos  was  found  to  be  *<^ 
worth  savmg ;  old  bolts,  burnt  rivets,  w 
pieces  of  scrap  iron,  steel,  and  lonaber  <in^ 


Digitized  by  VJW^^V  IV^ 


"1".  I  ■ 

Bg  tht  Way  {Conttiuudi 
rescued  from  the  junk  heap,  and  in  many 
<ra8e8  it  was  found  tliat  the  bolts  could  be 
rethrpad^  &"<i  tJie  nuts  retapped  and 
used  over  again.  Lumber  which  could  not 
be  used  for  any  other  purpose  met  a  ready 
sale  at  from  SI  to  S2.oO  a  load.  From  aU 
these  sources  the  astonishing  gum  of  $5,800 
was  realized  in  a  single  week. 

"  Your  note  oh  Josh  Billings,"  writes  a 
subscriber,  "reminds  me  that  while  a 
young  iM>Uege  student  I  heard  Josh  Bill* 
ings  delirer  his  lecture  '  On  Milk.'  He  had 
|)Ia<-ed  on  the  platform  table  a  pitcher  and 
a  glass.  As  soon  as  he  was  introduced,  he 
poured'  milk  from  the  pitcher  into  the 
gUss,  took  it  up,  looked  at  it,  and  said : '  I 
have,  8^^  several  articles  on  milk ;  I  have 
read  some  facta  written  on  milk ;  but  the 
best  thing  I  ever  saw  on  ihilk  was  cream.' 
Then  he  drank  it  and  went  on  with  his 
lectnreu  He  did  not  mention  or  refer  to  milk 
in  any  way  again.  His  lecture  consisted  of 
an  unrelated  collection  of  pithy  sayings 
which  held  his  aadience  to  the  end." 

Forehanded  young  Germans  are  appar* 
ently  preparing  for  the  time  when  the 
Allies  will  be  dominant  and  are  seeking  to 
make  friends  with  the  mammon  of  un- 
righteonsness,  judging  from  a  matrimonial 
ail vertisement  in  the  "  Nene  Zttrcher 
Zeitang  "  quoted  by  "  Simplicissimos."  The 
following  IS  a  translation  : 

A  doctor  of  philoaophy,  twenty-seven  yean  old, 
hiKhly  odacsted,  daihin;,  impreuiTe,  mtmcnline 
appeanawe,  deairea  acquaintance,  looking:  toward 
matrimony,  with  a  wealthy  daog-hter  or  ohildlees 
\riAoyr,Jriendl^  to  the  AUia. 

Wha;^  is  the  most  valuable  costume  in  the 
world?  An  inventory  of  the  dresses  of 
qneens,  of  the  wives  of  the  maharaiahs  of 
I  ii<Iia,  and  of  the  princesses  of  fosnion  in 
every  land  would  no  doabt  include  cos- 
t  nines  of  fabulous  value,  but  could  any  of 
tlieiu  match  two  gowns  mentioned  in  Th^ 
ophile  Gautier's  "  Italy  :"  "  The  sacristy  of 
the  Cathedral  at  Milan  contains  a  treasure 
which  ought  not  to  surprise  those  who 
have  seen  the  wardrobe  ot  Notre-Dame  at 
Tolcilo,  Spain,  in  which  a  single  robe  cov- 
ere<l  with  white  and  black  pearls  is  wortli 
neven  miUion  francs  [$l,4(l(),000],  and  yet 
that  of  Milan  is  fully  as  valuable. 

A  paragraph  by  £.  Y.  Lucas  in  the  Lon- 
don "  Sphere  "  makes  one  realize  the  inse- 
<-iirity  of  art  treasures  in  these  war  times 
even  in  the  heart  of  London.  "  Certain  of 
the  most  precious  pictures  of  the  National 
<iallery,"   he   says,  "are  hidden  away  in 

i (laces  of  safety ;  but  the  most  beautiful 
andscape  of  all,  Turner's  '  Sun  Rising 
Through  a  Mist,'  is  still'  on  view."  Mr. 
Lucas  ia  nervous  about  the  safety  of  this 
]>irture — "  perhaps  the  most  beautiful  land- 
scape ever  painted  " — and  thinks  tlie  au- 
thorities are  a  Uttle  too  courageous  in 
*'  g^ambling  ag^nst  the  Gotha  "  with  it. 

The  printer  is  usually  the  hero— .or  the 
victim— of  the  humorous  story  tltat  tells  of 
»  blunder  in  copying ;  but  here  is  a  mi.stake 
laid  upon  the  stonecutter  that  could  hardly 
l>e  matched  by  any  bull  perpetrated  in  a 
printing  office.  The  stoi-y  is  credited  to  the 
St.  Louis  "  Reveille  :"  The  workman  had 
been  instracted  to  carve  over  tiie  door  of  the 
new  church  this  passage  from  the  Bible : 
"  5Iy  house  siiall  be  called  the  house  of 
j>rayer."  In  order  that  he  might  get  the 
words  correctly,  the  stonecutter  was  referred 
to  the  verse  in  the  Bible — Matthew  xxi.  13. 
He  proceeded  to  his  work,  and  cut  the 
whole  verse :  "  My  house  sliall  be  called 
the  house  of  prayer,  but  ye  have  ma<le  it  a 
<|en  of  thieves  "  i 


Your  pail  is  ready — fat,  meaty,  juicy  mackerel 
— send  no  money — try  the  fish  first. 


It's  thirty-four  years,  come  next 
Septeml)er,  since  I  began  supplying 
tlie  clioicest  of  Gloucester's  famous 
mackerel  direct  to  the  homes  of 
families  throughout  the  country. 

Our  Own  Home  Kind 

People  here  in  Gloucester,  the  lead- 
ing fish  port  of  America,  laughed  at 
me  when  I  began  to  sell  mackerel  bv 
mail.  Thev  didn't  realize  how  harci 
it  is  for  other  people  to  get  good  fish. 
Hut  I  did.  So  I  decided  to  make  it 
easy  for  everybody,  every- 
where, to  have  full-flavored, 
wholesome  fish,  the  kind 
we  pick  for  our  own  eat- 
ing here  at  Gloucester. 
S5,000  families  are  buying 
from  us  today. 

Fishermen  for  Generations 

\'<>u  ^'t'e.  I  /■«<'*/■  ti^'h.  My 
folks  'way  back,  have  always 
been  fisliernien.  Thcyhelped 
foimd  Gloucester  in  1623.  My  buyhood 
days  were  spent  aboard  fishing  boats. 
Catching  fish,  knowing  the  choicest  and 
picking  them  out,  cleaning  and  curing 
liiem  the  ri^ht  way,  has  been  my  life's  job. 

Thirty  Years'  Development 

Today  .>ur  liusiness  is  housed  in  a  mod- 
ern, four-story,  concrete  building,  with 
2U,(J<X)  square  feet  of  floor  space;  filled 
with  Ihe  most  improved  and  sanitary 
r(|uipuient  for  cleaning  and  jiacking  fish, 
.'^i.inding  at  the  water's  edj;e,  the  fisher- 
TUeu's  catches  are  bmuglit  right  into  the 


Sach  a  Good  Breakfast ! 

.\  fat,  tcjider,  juiry  Davis' 
Ma<'keri-I  bn>Ued  to  a  Biz- 
zliiiK  brown,  aulue  biitt.-r. 
a  aprinklilig  of  pepiwr.  a 
toucli  of  leinoii,  il  yow 
wisli— how  good  it  swells, 
how  tempting  it  looks,  how 
it  tickles  tlie  ]mlHte.  and, 
oh,  liow  it  ^tisties  ' — tiie 
favorite  breakfaat  difth  of 
thousands. 


Fall  Mackerel,  Fat  and  Tender 

Most  of  the  fish  your  dealer  can  buy 
are  .Spring  fish,  thin,  dry,  and  tasteless. 
What  I've  selected  for  you  are  Fall  fish, 
juicy  and  fat  with  the  true  salty-sea 
mac-kerd  flavor.  We  clean  and  wash  them 
before  weighing.  Von  pay  only  for  net 
weight.  \o  lu;i,h  ,inJ  no  /mis.  Just  the 
white,  thick,  meaty  portions — the  parts 
that  make  the  most  delicious  meal  im- 
aginable. Vou  probably  have  never  tasted 
salt  mackerel  as  good  as  mine. 

Send  No  Cash— Try  the  Mackerel  First 

I  want  you  to  know  before 
you  p.ay  that  my  fish  %vill 
please  you.  If  there  is  any 
possibility  of  a  risk,  I  want  it 
to  be  at  my  e.\pense.  Just  mail 
the  coupon  today,  and  I'll 
ship  at  once  a  pail  of  my 
mackerel  containmK  10  fish, 
each  fish  sufficient  for  3  or  4 
])eople,  nil  charges  frtpitiJ, 
so  that  your  family  can  have  a 
real  (Jloucester  treat  Sunday 
morning, 

my  inac-kerel   are  not   better 
ou  have  ever  tasted,  send  back 


Then — if 
than  any  yo 
the  rest  at  my  e.vpeiise. 

If  you  are  pleased  with  them — and  I'm 
sure  you  will  be — send  me  $4.9ti.  and  at 
the  same  time  ask  for  "  Descrijitive  List 
of  Davis'  Kish,"  sold  only  direct,  never 
to  dealers.  Remeniher'  Alcat.  flour,  po- 
tatoes, efeiythin^.  has  gone  "way  up  in 
f)rice.  In  comparison,  Davis'  mackerel  is 
ow.  An  ecc>non)ical  ff)od — so  good  \u 
eat,  so  nutritious  !  The  "  .Sea  Food  Cook 
Book  "that  goes  with  the  fish  will  tell  , 
ycui  just  how  to  prepare  them.  f 


Mail  the  couiMin  now  with  your  bnsinejui 
lanl.  letterheaul  or  reference. 


Frank   E.  Davi*  Co. 

82  Ctnlnl  Wharf.  Gioaentcr.  Mi 

Tl.,    fr.u.l:  K.lln,,,i;,.,.i^n,,i 
I,, ..'I.I,,,  ,„„..■..    tl.-  ,,,-...1 

,„i  i„  i„.;,,i,,„i .,/,.,;,/..      ' 

h,.lrl~.       ^„.lll„l„.„..  / 


,t.,l,.. 
n:,i. 


J,.r    •/... 


Frwk  E. 
/      Davit  Co.. 

^        /^  V.  CcBlr.l  Wfc.rf 
/  GloBCcitcr,  Maw. 

^      Without     ohli^alinii 
l>lea»*<     *ff\\i\     inc.    all 
(-liarvf«  |ir*-|iai(t.  n  [mII  of 
Itiivifi'    Miu-kiMfl— Id    con- 
tain  lOtlsh.  fmli   tinU  mitfl- 
ciriit  (or  ;»  or  4  }H«<i|t|*.   I  m-n-f 
Xn  iviuit  M  yoiii  tvii  ilayu  ur  r*-- 
tiini  the  finh.  . 


/ 


s«ss«gygssss?g^ 


/ 


Digitized  by 


Google 


236 


THE   OUTLOOK 


THE  OUTLOOK  CLASSIFIED  ADVERTISING  SECTION 

AdvertisinK  Rates :  Hotels  aod  Reaorts,  Apartments,  Tonn  and  TraTel,  Real  Estate,  Live  Stock  and  Poultry,  fifty  cents  per  agmte  las, 
four  columns  to  the  page.  Not  less  than  four  lines  acoepted.  In  calculating  space  required  for  an  advertiseiiient,  count  an  arerage  of  six  wortb  to  tke 
line  unless  display  type  is  desired. 

"  Want  "  advertisements,  under  the  various  headings,  "  Board  and  Rooms,"  "  Help  Wanted,"  etc.,  ten  cents  for  each  word  or  initial,  li)Cllidlnf 
tbe  address,  for  each  Insertion.-  The  first  word  of  each* "  Want "  advertisement  is  set  in  capital  letters  without  additional  charge.  Other  wordi 
may  be  set  in  capitals,  if  desired,  at  doable  rates.  If  answers  are  to  be  addressed  in  care  of  The  Outlook,  twenty-five  cents  is  charged  for  the  boi 
number  named  in  the  advertisement.  Replies  will  be  forwarded  by  us  to  the  advertiser  and  bill  for  postage  rendered.  Special  headings  appropriate  Ui 
the  department  may  be  arranged  for  on  application. 

Orders  and  copy  for  Classified  Advertisements  must  be  received  with  remittance  ten  days  before  the  date  of  issue  when  it  is  intended  th*  adTMtii^ 
ment  shall  first  appear. 

Address:  ADVERTISING  DEPARTMENT,  THE  OUTLOOK,   381   FOURTH  AVENUE,   NEW  YORK  CITY 


Hotels  and  Resorts 


CALIFORNIA 


San  Ysidro  Ranch 

Bungalowa  of  varioua  aiiSB  aitusted  on  the 
foothilla  unciiK  orange  groTea,  overknking 
thesea.  Centiatdiniw-room,  electnc  lights, 
bat  and  cold  water.  Six  miles  from  Ssnta 
Barliaia,  two  miles  from  ocean.  BocAlet.  Ad- 
draas  Mrs.  RARLEIOH  JOHNSTON,  San 
Yaidro  lUnch,  Santa  Barbwa,  CaUfomia. 


CONNECTICUT 


The  Wayside   Inn 

New  Uilford,  I.ltchfleld  Co.,  Conn. 

InthetoothlllsoftheBerkahiraa.  Opensllthe 
year.  An  ideal  place  lor  your  summer's  rest. 
3  houra  from  New  York.  Write  for  booklet. 
Mrs.  J.  K.  CASTLE,  Proprietor. 

MASSACHUSETTS 


U  Toa  Are  Tirtd  or  Net  Fcdiof  Wen 

yoa  cannot  find  a  mora  comfortable  place  in 
New  Wnglaiid  than 

THE  WELDON  HOTEL 

OBBENFIKLD,  MASS. 

It  alforda  all  the  oomforta  of  home  withoot 

extravagaooe. 


NEW    YORK 


GOI.I>THWAITE  nm  and  COT- 
TAOK8.  on  GREAT  SOrTH 
BAT,  BELLPORT,  I..  I.  Lloyd 
Cottage  open  all  year.  Ideal  weather  on 
Longlaland  September.  October,  and  Novem. 
ber.  OoU,  tennia,  aailing,  bathing,  motoring. 


PHIUPSE  MANOR  INN 

Directly  on  tbe  Hudaon  River  at  North 
Tkrrytown,  38  milea  out.  For  thoae  aeekbig 
tbe  advantagea  of  a  home  without  ita  csrea. 
Beautiful  kication,  easy  oommnttaig.  Fall 
and  winter  latea  by  the  day  or  week.  Tele- 
phone, Tarrytown  178. 


NEW   YORK  CITY 


Hotel  Le  Marquis 

31st  Street  A  Fifth  Avenue 
New  York 

Oombinaa  every  oonvanieooa  and  booka 
comfort,  and  oommenda  itaaU  to  people  of 
leflnemant  wiaUng  to  live  on  American  PlH» 
and  be  within  eaay  reach  of  aocial  and  dn. 
niatic  Gontera. 

Room  and  bath  •4.M  per  day  with  ranlh  or 
f]  JO  par  day  without  mesla. 

Illiutratad  Booklet  gkully  aent  qpon 
requeat.  JOHN  P.  TOLaON/ 


STOP  AT 

HOTEL  BOSSERT 

on  ariatocnUic  Brookljn  Hfiighta 
uid  enjoy  the  advantagee  of    - 

THE  MARINE  ROOF 

the  moet  famoiu  roof  in  America.  Dine  300 
feet  in  the  air.  with  a  pauographic  view  of 
Mew  York  Harbor  atretchingr  before  you  for 
a  distanoe  of  10  milee.    Dancing  if  you  like. 

Write  for  booklets. 
MMtaiM.  Hklu.  aod  Rcwn  StrMls.  BrooUya 


HOTEL  JUDSON  »^;risSL"rr 

adjoining  Jndaon  Memorial  Church.  Rooma 
with  and  without  bath.  Rataa  13.90  per  day. 
Including  meala.  Special  ratea  fortwoweeka 
or  more.  Location  very  central.  Oonfenieot 
to  all  elerated  and  atreet  car  liuea. 


SOUTH   CAROLINA 


PINE  RIDGE  CAMP  ^'s^?.^- 

Ideal  tor  outdoor  life  in  winter.  Hainhonae 
and  indiTldnal  cabfaia.  Certified  city  mter. 
Kortbem  cooking.  Ratea  moderate.  Write 
Miu  OEOROIA  E.  CROCKS&  or 

Mlaa  H^T  E.  SANBORN,  Aiken,  S.  C. 


Health  Resorts 


LINDEN  iT-v'-'T' ■■'?«,  w'/"'' 

r.     ,  n  People  to  Get  Well 

Doyleitowo,  P».  Iad  inatitiitioii  devoted  to 
the  iwraonal  atiidy  ami  specialized  treat- 
ment of  the  Invalid.  Maasa^e,  Klectricity, 
Hydrotherapy.      Apply   for    circular   to 

UOBERT  LlPPISCOTT  WaI.TKR.  M.U. 

(late  of  Tlie  Walt«r  Sanitarium) 


Crest  View    Sanatorium 

Greenwich,  Ct.   First-class  in  all  respecta, 
home  oomforta.       U.  M.  Hitchcock.  M.D. 


"INTERPINES" 

Beautiful,  fpiiet,  restful  and  himieMke.  Over 
2h  years  of  auccissftil  work-  Tliurouuh.  re- 
liable, dependable  aud  ethical.  Every  com- 
fort and  convenience.  Accomniodations  of 
superior  quality.  Disorderof  the  nervousays- 
teiu  a  speoialty.  Fred.  W.  Seward,  8r.,  M.D., 
Fred.  W.  Seward.  Jr..  M.D..  Goahen,  N.  Y. 


Dr.  Reeves*  Sanitarium 

A  Private  Home  for  chronic,  nervous,  and 
mental  patients.  Also  elderly  people  requiring 
care.   Harriet  E.  Reeves.  M.D.,  Melrose.  Mass. 


Real  Estate 


FLOR I  DA 


FOR  RENT-A  HOME 

well  fiirniMhwi  for  owiier's  use.  finely  lo^-atod 
on  Hiiltfnx  Klver,  Daytoiia  BeHrli, 
l-'loridu.  Ijiirjre  lot,  beautiful  tree.s.  (T4XKi 
funince  and  lar^e  firei)liH'e  in  liriiiK-room. 
Four  bedrooms,  sleeping-iKirch.  ami  batlirooui 
on  H«cond  floor.  Runnnitr  water  in  each  bed- 
room. iJinje  screened  jwrch  on  first  floor, 
with  gtxxl  liviiiK-room  and  diniuR-room, 
kitchen  and  maid  »  room.  Inquire  of  owner 
L.  U.  FIELD,  JackHoii,  Mich. 


THIS 

ChanningFloridaHoine 

FOR  SALE  OR  RENT 

Seven  miles  fi-om  .Tficks^mville, 
on  Iwulevaifl  and  on  l)ank  of  pictai-- 
ewiue  St.  Jiilins.  Kiimiian  rii;lits. 
Ailjdins  rmintry  Chili,  wIulIi  iv.ui 
IH-hole  p)lf  course — turf  pfreens. 
House  Ikis  four  bedrwiuis,  two 
liathiwuns.  Funiaci!  lieut ;  Ki""at'e. 
I'liee  SlH.fKX),  or  will  reut,  fur- 
ui»lie<l,  for  6 l,"2tlt' season.  Address 

Fred'k  W.    Haward,  Skyland,  N.C. 


FLORIDA   CITRUS   GROVES 

Ffrtile  farmH  and  attnurtive  liomes  hi  tlie 
picturesque,  laktMlotted  liiRhlanda  of  Polk 
and  I-.ake  Counties.  Approve*!  prop«>rtif8  in 
the  friendliest  sections  of  the  "  Friendly 
StAte.''  Lar^e  tracts  for  st^xk  raisuiK  and 
diversified  farming.  My  personaJ  serv  ice  stives 
yuu  time  and  exitense.  Writ*  me  alxmt  yonr 
requirements.  EDWIN  S.  WADSWORTH, 
Treuiout  Uot«l,  lakelaud,  Florida. 


Real  Estate 


FLORIDA 


FOR  RENT  OR  SALE 

Avoid  your  coal  bill  !  2  completely  fur- 
nished modem  cottages  (8  and  4  rooms).  S«00 
for  $5(t*t— $!«»  each).  Near  Rockledge.  Month 
free  if  secured  before  November. 

Blair,  Cocoa,  Florida.   Box  32. 


NEW    JERSEY 


For  Rent  Maplewood,  Ncw  Jersey 

FiirnlKliecI,    Colonial     HOUSK 

8  rtmms,  ;i  baths,  sleeping  i»orch.  ganige.  10 
minutes'  walk  from  station  and  stores.  Terms 
reasonable.   Address  Owner,  9,V>^,  Outlook. 


HERE  IS  THE  VERY  COUNTRY  PLACE 

YOU  HAVE  ALWAYS  LONGED 

TO  POSSESS 

It  is  out  of  Plainfifld  n  little  way  — near 
enough  t^t  New^  York,  far  enough  frnin  it. 
Tliirty-flve  acres  with  fruit,  berries.  i:.u-i.sii, 
Bowel's.  New  barn,  garage,  pump  htm-^-  ;.'u 
plant,  and  other  striu-lnres.  Delighttiil  •>ld 
nomestea<i  just  reconstructed,  with  modem 
light  cellars,  steam  heating  system,  acetylene 
kitchen  range  and  self-lighting  chandelivn 
and  brackets,  and  new  bathnwm  i-ompletely 
equipi)ed.  Tlie  entire  iilumbing  is  Uioroughly 
mcxlern.  Here's  the  wliolf>  story :  A  yrtimffo 
a  hif.siiir.ts  iiimi  tnig  chnrniid  by  tfif  />/"(*, 
s/itr  iLt  wnsibilitict,  hfntg/it  it.  ana  get"  ,,,"tly 
TfinfH/f/ed  it  /nr  his  nint  fttjoi/menf.  ii^  u 
.thnrUii  to  loralf  rlfn'irhfre :  Ihf  h'"'  ful 
ptticrn-if/  he  sotd.  This  i.s  your  oi>ix>rtnniEy, 
Bend  for  information  unw.  P.  A,  KOSE, 
30  l':ast  Forty-8e<iond  St.,  New  York,  N.  V. 


HELP   WANTED 


Business  Situations 

WANTED— Women  between  twenty-five 
and  fifty  years.  Tnivel  and  sell  business  men. 
Soliciting  experience  unnecessary  and  nude- 
sired.  Attnu'tive  i>ersoimlity,  iwlite  i)erpii«t- 
ency.  pleasantness,  and  obedience  are.  I' sen 
of  liquors,  tobacco,  or  drugs  undesired.  Dmb 
pessimists  will  not  sncceecl;  sensible  optimists 
will.  Permanent  salaried  iMjsition,  with  free 
summers  and  advancement.  Address  Box 
214.  Carlisle,  Pa. 

KNITTKR8  on  infants'  bootees,  sweaters, 
blankets.  Work  sent  out  of  town.  Tlie  K.  R. 
Barringer  Co.,  ■£»  E.  3l8t  St ,  New  York  City. 

Companions  and  Domestic  Helpers 

WANTED— Motlier's  helper  to  take  car«  of 
twocliildren.  a^cs  three  and  one  and  a  ItaU. 
Address  Hull,  117  Wall  St.,  New  York. 

WANTKD— Mother's  helper  to  help  with 
Jieht  housework  and  the  care  of  two  children. 
Address  Philip  1>.  Elliot,  20  Clinton  St^ 
Newark,  N.  J. 


SX)d  i>ersonal  references.  Good  wa^es.  Call 
imrtinent  3  A.  875  Park  Ave.,  weekbcviinniug 
Mondav.  October  7,  t>etween  Hi  and  1  o'clock, 
or  write  to  Mrs.  It.,  Box  IHl,  Harrimau,  N,  Y. 
WANTED— Working  housekeeper  and  an 
indnstria)  teaclier  in  country  home  for  nirl*— 
ages  between  4  aud  18  years.  6,3i»4,  Outlook. 

Teachers  and  Governesses 

GOVERNKSSFiS.  matrons,  mothers'  help- 
ers, cafeteria  managers,  dietitians.  Miss 
Richards,  .W7  Howard  Hnildiiiir,  Providence. 
Boston.  16  Jackson  Hall,  Trinity  Court, 
Thursdays,  11  to  I. 

WANTED— Competent  teachers  for  public 
and  private  schools  and  collef;es.  Send  for  bul- 
letin. Albany  Teachers'  Agency,  Albany,  N.Y. 

WANTED— Comi»anion-KOveniea8  for  pirl 
of  fifteen.  Protestant  American  or  Knghsh. 
Able  to  assist  with  music,  French.  Willing  to 
travel.  Good  reference  and  experience  re- 
quired. Personal  interview  New  York  City. 
6,271,  Outlook. 

WANTED  —  Exi»erieuced  nursery  gOT- 
erness.  Mrs.  J.  S.  Dye,  1W(  Prospect  St., 
Waterbury,  Coim. 

WANTFJ)— Nursery  povemess  or  hitellf- 
gent  nurse  for  two  little  s'rls  aged  9  and  7. 
English,  French,  or  American.  Protestant. 
Write  Mrs.  Frank  Willock,  Sewickley,  Pa. 


SITUATIONS    WANTED 


Business  Situations 

WOMAN  with  successful  experieBcs  vKil 
like  adminlBtratlve  positiou  in  arboollDr^ 
6,302.  Outlook. 

Companions  ami  Domttstlc  Hsipw 

YOUNG  woman  wishes  to  go  to  Cirtfcna 
after  November  1  as  uurse  or  oompuaoE  *• 
invalid  lady  or  gentlemazi.  Oood  exp«s>« 
in  nursing.  Doctors*  roferenoetf.  Ban  a^ 
eled.  6,271,  Outlook. 

ENGLISH  Kentlewoman  wishes  pcsiUc  • 
housekeeper  In  widower's  tMaaiij.  Hx^ 
references.  Country  preferred.  8,91,  Otak^i 

WANTED-PLACB  TO  TAKE  CUAbl 
OF  KITCHEN  AND  DPqHQ  ROpM  K 
YOUNG  WOMAN  WITH  BCI£!iTirK 
TRAINING.  6,3»2,  Outlook. 

A  capable,  refined  lady  desires  porida  s 
oompanion.  8,385,  Outlook. 

SOUTHERNER,  gentle  btfth.  PnitMfet 
widow,  no  inoombrsncea,  ezceOent  hoA 
capabML  artistic,  possessing  SKScotin^LCi 
sunny  aispositim,  and  seiiaa  oc  homor.  6» 
petent  to  meet  and  mix  with,  u  necssast?,  i! 


s,  good  hidgmeot,  oommon 

praotioai;    tactful,    and    admptable.     ca 

LADY,  mkldl&^:ed,  FroteStut,  i«  ma. 
tary,  companion,  nousakeeper.  To«s.t«a- 
try,  seasidB.  B^erenoea.  mm  BaitfitU  k 
Linooln  Ave.,  Deadwood,  8.  D. 

Tsachsrs  and  Cowr#nisssw 

TWO  sisten— one  a  college  woaiu-«tf 
positions  as  goyemessi  compsnkn.  tai^c 
" •anerlr —   ~"^    —^ 


or  nurse.  8(mie*flnierlence  with 

chUdreu,  Inaschooland  prtTBtaly.  P.ti-n 
978,  Schenectady,  N.  Y. 

WOMAN  would  entoy  taUagfaito  faff  1» 
and  preparing  for  oouege  two  or  f oar  TXt 
girU.  Itoterenoee  exchanged.   6Jtt,  OB»a 


MISCELLANEOUS 


PATRIOTISM  by  Lyman  Abbolt  tlv* 
venes  of  Americm— TheTledKa  to  the  nt* 
3  verses  of  The  Star-Spangled  Banner,  a  >• 
little  leaflet.  Further  tbe  cause  ol  Fttnoe 
by  distributing  In  voor  tetten.  in  pay  w»_ 
opea,  in  schools,  dburcliea,  QlixDa,  ana 
sMtherings.  3M  sent  vnmmid  for  a 
Arthur  M.  Moras,  MootckfiTH.  J. 

FORDS  START  BAST  IN  OO 
WEATHER  with  our  new  1S19  csrl- 
M  miles  per  gallon.  Use  cheepast  nmuSatt 
half  kerosene.  Increased  power.  Btyls  •* 
any  motor.  Very  slow  on  hl^li.  AtaA ; 
yourself.  Big  profits  to  age&ta.  Moner  tai 
guaxantee.  SO  days'  triaL  Air  Fricticc  0» 
buretor  Co.,  3t0  Madlaoo,  Dayton,  Obio. 

MB&  A.  8.  Shelby  wiU  open  tar  eoaka 
school  for  young  ladles  October  ti-  A  '< 
ooune  in  six  weeks,  lliehoine  and  mrrx* 
ings  are  ideal.  The  best  care  and  table  sisc- 
Can  only  accommodate  U  people.  I^v£" 
just  one  mile  of  Lexington  on  tnrftar-  ' 
particulars  and  terms  addreas  Mia.  X 
Shelby,  Versailles  Road,  Lexington,  Kj. 

LADY,  former  teacher,  going  St.  Ast«a 
sesahore  cottage  for  winten  wUl  cam  fcr  k 
teach  one  or  two  children.  SEagnificwK  ti* 
exoelleut  food  aud  care,  happy  boBe  9 
6,296,  Outlook. 

M.  W.  Wightnian&Co. 

eetabliahed  mi.  No  charge ;  prompt 
44  West  £M  St.,  New  York. 


YOUR  WANTS  IN  EVERY  LESl 
of  household,  edncationsl,  bosiBRa^i 
personal  serrice  —  domestic  wocba 
teaclieiSf  nurses,  bnainess  or  prds 
Bional  aasistauta,  etc.,  ete.— vb>^>^ 
you  require  help  or  are  seeking  a  vv^ 
tiou,  may  be  filled  through  a  £^'1 
annonnceraent  in  the  CLASSlFltl 
COLUMNS  OF  THE  OUTLOir-S 
If  yon  hsTe  some  artiids  to  kS  ^ 
ezchiuige,  these  columns  may  pce^  \ 
real  value  to  yon  aa  they  have  to  xmH 
others.  Send  for  descriptrre  gti^ 
aiid  order  blank  AND  FILL  YOH 
WANTS.  Address 
Department  of  ClassiBed  AArt-Tms^ 
THE  OUTLOOK 
381  Fourth  ATenue,  New  Yw 


Digitized  by  y<jyJVJWl^ 


THE   OLTLOUK 


237 


"Vou  Can  Mend  Almost 

Anything  With  This 


» 


Adhesive 
Plaster  Tape 

Sold  By  Dnifgntt  on 
SpooU  oi  All  Sizes 

Buy  5 -Yard  Spools  For  Economy's  Sake 
Carry  One  In  Your  Car 

Other  B&B  Products 

Ail  Double-Sure  Products  ve  made  by  masters 
under  ideal  conditions.  Every  B&B  article  can 
be  relied  on. 

B&B  Absorbent  Cotton 

B&B  Bandages  and  Gauze 
B&B  Fumigators 

B&B  First  Aid  OutfiU 

Adhesive   Plaster   Book  — FREE 

Picturing  80  uses,  and  filled  with  helpful  sugges- 
tions. Ask  your  druggist  (or  it,  or  write  us  a  postal. 


Adhesive  Plaster  Tape 

The  Handy  Mender 

A  strong,  clinging,  rubber -coated  tape — almost 
waterproof.  It  sticks  instantly  to  an3rthing 
without  wetting,  and  it  stays  stuck.  It 
costs  but   little,   and  every  druggist  sells  it. 

Does  These  Things 

And  a  Thousand  Others 

Patching  with  B&B,  Adhesive  often  doubles  the 
life  of  lawn  hose.   Apply  when  hose  is  dry. 

Even  tires  and  tubes  can  b^  patched  with  it  to  last 
at  least  a  while. 

It  clings  to  liietal,  glass,  wood, 
china — anything!  So  it  is  used  to 
stop  leaks,  to  sea!  fruit  jars  and 
make  labels  for  them,  to  mend 
broken  things  of  any  sort. 

Use  it  to  stop  leaks  in  automobile  tops. 


Mmntia  Howm 


Stopt  £«aA« 


B&B  Adhesive  has  a  rubber  base. 
So  it  clings  to  rubber,  and  forms  a  rubber  coated  patch 
on  rubber  footwear  or  on  raincoats.   And  cloth  tears 
can  be  mended  by  sticking  B&B 
Adhesive  on  the  under  side.  ^^h 


Being  rubber  coated,  B&B  Ad- 
hesive is  an  excellent  insulator.  Wrap 
wire  connections  with  it. 

M.nd.  RubUr  ^^y  J,  ^„  ^^^  ^(  ^^y 

nialerial    which   you   want   fastened    together. 


IT^TI 


/ 


Use  in  mending  dolls 
and  toys. 


Iiuulattt  Win 


\. 


/ 


It  makes  ideal  grips  for  golf  clubs  or  for  tennis 
rackets,  and  an  excellent  mender  when  they  break. 
Also  perfect  protection  (or  hands  or  heels  which 
are  chafed  or  likely 
to  be. 


^ 


•y 


handy. 


Don't   wet   it  — 
just  apply  it.    It  will 
stick.    Get  it  today. 
Keep  a  s[>ool  always 
It  may  save  a  hundred  times  its  cost. 


Form»  Crip9 


Frtvnit  Chafing 


.  But  get  the  right  kind — B  &  B  Adhesive.    It  is  largely  used  by  surgeons. 
But  millions  of  spools  are  now  used  in  the  ways  we  suggest. 


BAUER  &  BLACK 


Maker*  of  Sargical  Dressings,  etc.       Chicago     New  York     Toronto 


Ullll 


01^ 


m^ 


^^i 


3  □   C 


yilizyU  Uy 


238 


-n^ssz^sazsi 


Prepare  for  a  shortage 
of  delicacies  next  winter. 
Order  your  supplies  of 

GENESEO 

JAM    KITCHEN 

products  early. 
The  summer's  fresh  fruits  will 
soon   be  ready  for  shipment. 

Fresh   PruiU,  JelliM, 

J«ms,  Marmalades  aod 

Piokles 

HONEY-'Pute.extniotedCloTerHoiioy. 
In  14  onnoe  ^lan  jsra,#5.U0  per  dozen. . 
/■  oiuoe  Klan  jars,  $3.85  per  dozen. 
Writtfor  Price  List 

Miss  ELLEN  H.  NORTH 

Geac«ea  Jun  Kilohsn.  GencMO,  N.  Y. 


TANDARD 

MB 

PIRITV AL 


SONG 


A  Splendid 
Christanas  Gift 

1 4X111. 


PalriiB 

high,  pair  laito  Intam  I  . 

and  Hand  Colored  GKetlD^  Card, 

6.00.  A  refined  tasteful  gift, 
oney  back  If  you  wanrlt. 
■ar  Wm  Wl  iMk  pictures  hundreds 
of  splendid  presents  for  Friends, 
Relatives,  and  Sweethearts— tar 
■aarfMr.  Your  Gift  List  and  our 
BiK  FREE  Book  is  all  you  nc«d. 
It  la  full  of  nioney.savlnE  sugges. 
dons.  Write  fix  it  NOW.  ITS  i. 
■raal  Hi  ha^ 

The  Holmes  Co. 

613  Elmwootl      PrnvMenie.  R.  I. 


TEACHERS'     AQENCIES 

The  Pratt  Teachers  Agency 

70  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York 

Rooouimenda  toachsra  to  oollflK«aiPabUc  aud  prirato  actioola. 
AdTiaea  pwvnU  about  achoola.    win.  U.  Pratt,  Hicr. 

SCHOOLS    AND    COLLEOES 
^ NEW    YORK    CITY 

UNION   THEOLOGICAL  SEMINARY 

Bnadwiy  at  120th  Street 

Naw  Tark  CHr 

Tbe  charter  requtrea  that  "  Squal  pririleKea  of  admiasfoD 

■lid  tuatmctlon,  with  all  the  Mvantagea  of  tbe  Inatitti- 

tion,  afaftll  be  allowed  to  Btudenta  of  every  denomiluition  of 

Cbriatiaiia."  EiKlitT-tbird_year  b^an  September  29,  1918. 

For  Catalogue,  addieaa  THE  DEAK  OF  8TUDEIIT8. 


THE   OUTLOOK 

SCHOOLS    AMD    COLLECES 
N  EW    YORK 


16  October 


NURSES'  HOME.  K1N05  COUNTY  MOSPn 


Young  Women  of  America ! 

HERE    IS   YOUR 
OPPORTUNITY 

to  become  a  Trained  Nurse  and  release 
a  pair  of  trained  hands  for  service 
"  Over  There." 

By  entering  a  Training  Scliool  NOW 
and  preparing  yourself  for  service  at 
home  or  abroad  you  are  rendering  a 
distinct  patriotic  service. 

There  are  aoiue  avuilablu  oi>eDiugs'  in  the 
Kings  County  Hospital  which  will  be  filled  in 
the  order  of  ^>plioBtiDn  and  final  approval. 
This  school  is  registered  nnder  the  Regents  of 
the  State  of  New  York.  Length  of  ooarae  is 
2  years  and  3  months.  For  farther  information 
write  to  the 

SUPT.  OF  TRAINING  SCHOOL 

CUrlnon  ATenne  BraeUsrn.  N.  Y. 


St.  John's  Rivernde  Hospital  Trainiog 
School  for  Nurses 

YONKERS.    NEW  YORK 

Raclatared  in  New  Tork  Btat^  often  a  (  yaan'  oourae— a 
(•aeral  tiBlBing  to  reflnad,  ednoatad  woaian.  Require. 
laenta  one  year  nigh  school  or  Its  o<}uiTalent.  Apply  to  tbe 
Directreaa  of  Nnraaa,  Tookera,  New  York. 


MASSACHUSETTS 


•I  •■  ■■  II  11  M  li  II  Til  II  M  II  11 


'OointiigJOT^tiHiorslitp 

HoW  to  Write ,  Wlurf^  to  Write, 
and  Where  to  sell. 
CuUi^e  your  mitui.  IW^lop 

yottr  IHcrory  gifl«.  Hojlwr  Uic 

vpur  ^wrr*  hvak  proftioble. 
'  lum  your  ul«<u  into  dollarVa 

Couraes  in  Short-Stoiy  Writ- 
ing, VeniflcatioA.  Joumalimi. 
Play  Writing,  Photoplay 
,  Writing,  etc.  taught  person* 
Dr.EsenWein.  ally  by  Dr.  J.  Berg  Esenwein. 
for  many  yean  editor  of  Lippincott's  Magazuie,  and 
a  staff  of  literary  experts.  Constructive  criticiBm. 
Frank,   honest,   helpful  advice.      Raa/J*ac/iing. 

Obs  pupil  ku  T»c«iY«d  OTsr  95,000  for  sierfM  mnd 
krticlM  writlsn  meady  in  spare  time — "pby  wetk,"  he 
csfls  iL  Another  pnpJl  recoiled  over  $1,000  befotw 
completing  ber  6rsl  course.  Another,  s  biisj  wife 
end  mother,  b  sversfinf  over  S7S  e  >  week  from 


There  is  no  other  institution  or  agwcy  doing  so  much 

for  writers,  young  or  old.  The  universities  recognize 
this,  for  over  one  hundred  membAs  of  the  English 
^ulbee  of  higher  institutions  are  studying  in  our 
Literary  Department  Tbe  editors  recognixe  it,  for 
they  are  constantly  recommending  our  oourses. 

Ws  puWWi  Thm  WriHr'a  Lihrmry.  Wa  atoa  pubUsh  Tk» 
Wrttsr's  MmilUjr,  cspaciAny  valuabl*  far  RS  fuQ  rwporu  al 
lh>   Hutwy  tnarbvl.      Bnides  our  ia«:htn(  strwK*.  w«  oHrr  s 


ISO-pec*  UhMlreted'celeloffiM  fr*a 

"C^  Home  Cbrrespondence  Sdioot 

DeptSS.    SpTiT^i<Id,Ma««, 


rsTnst,isMto  taeT  iNCoKKmoiriD  iftoA 

■  fl1ITMT»T«l«IMlT»Ti« 


What  15'  :^  You  t  Nation's  Capital 


Waahbifftom,  tha  home  ofttm  PaHdhtdtr,  Is  tha 
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made  at  <JUs  iporbf  capital.    The  {WhAnder'a 
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durtmg  Qtem  etremmoma^  apotM-maldita  daif. 


weeks  on  trial.  The  Pathfinder  Itanfllostiatedwecklf,  published  at  the  Natlo&*S 
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1  means.    II  jrou  want  a  paper  In  rour  home  which  la  sincere,  rrUable,  entertalh- 

log.  wholesome, the  P^fawtls  rours^ £2MJ!!?^!!lSCEr£^^!l&LCRl''.?!!il** ^S??*?^' V clcarly.hlrlr.  briefl^herejlls.  Send,lS« 


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The  Outlook 

Copyright,  1918,  by  The  Outlook  Company 

TABLE  OF  CONTENTS 

Vol.  120         October  16,  1918  •         No.  7 


THZ  oonoos  IS  roBuaaao  woklt  at  ma  ocnooa  eoapuiT. 
3«i  roosiH  ATnus,  saw  Toaa.  lukwaaacs  r.  Aaaorr, 
rsasioBirr.  s.  T.  raufvaa,  ncavaasiDan:.  nuas  c.  iutt, 
ntaAanaia,  aamn  n.  laaorr,  aaoaaruiT.  TaaTsaa  i>. 
caaMAK.  ADYBSTiania  XASAaaa.  tvaslt  ■usaiavTioa— 
nrrr-Two  taauai— loex  dollasi  n  aotabcs.  aaiaaau 
AS  aaooHD-oXiAas  lurrBa,  Jin.T  n,  lan,  at  thb  ner 
omcs   AT   >aw  Toaa,  mnna   ma   act   or   MABoa   3,    is» 


Germany's  Effort  to  Escape  Defeat 241 

The  Liberty  Loan 241 

A  Fine  Example 242 

Preparing  for  the  Future 242 

An  Boono'mio  Generalissimo  P. 242 

War  Dangers  at  Home % 243 

The  War:  Gains  and  Indieations  of  Vietory  243 

The  Victor  of  the  Balkans '. 244 

A  Turning-Point  in  Japan 244 

The  Siberian  Issue 244 

Cartoons  of  the  Week 2tt 

Block  Parties 246 

Oil  in  Mexico 246 

Surrender— Not  Promised  but  Actual —  247 
The  Y.  M.  C.  A.  Reinterprets  Reliiion.  247 

The  Coming  Congressional  Election 248 

Concerning  Geography  and  the  Conteated 

Heart '. 249 

Wanted— A  Book  for  Every  Man  "  Over 

There" 2S« 

An  Intel  »iew  witb  an  Overaeaa  Despatch  AaeaC. 
by  H.  H.  Moore,  oi  the  Outlook  Staff 

The  S.  A.  t.  C 251 

Editorial  Corrcapondenec 
With  the  "  Y  "  at  the  Front : 
I — With  the  Wounded  from  the  Mame : 
The    Personal    Experience    of    One 

Y.M. C.A.Man 253 

Br  Roger  Gilman,  A.  B.  F^  T-  M.  C.  A. 
II-The  Y.  M.  C.  A.  Work  in  Franoe  256. 
By  H^lcne  Vseareacu 

Ill-Out  of  the  "Y"  and  in  Agun-. ..  257 
By  Bruce  Barton 

Why  We  Need  a  Republican   Congress  : 
Interviews  with  Republican   Leaders . .  2S8 
Br  Riehard  Barry 

Current  Events  Illustrated 259 

Tek  Keer  uv  Jim  (Poem) 264 

By  Leigh  Richmond  Miaer 

Laughter  in  the  War 264 

By  William  L.  Stidger 

Weekly  Outline  Study  of  Current  History  266 

By  J.  Madiaon  Gathsny,  A.M. 

Whittier  to  Englishmen  (Poem) 267 

How  the  Law  Refined  His  Job 267 

By  C.  H.  Iberahoff 

My  Country,  Right  or  Wrong 267 

Many  Government  Uses  for  Motor  Trucks  268 

By  the  Way 272 

BY  SUBSCRIPTION   14.00  A   YEAR.     Single  oo|iiea  10  onta. 

For  foreign  anbacriptioa  to  aoaatriea  in  the  Poatal  UniaB.  Sft-SK. 

Addrsaa  all  ooamuBicatiana  to 

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381  Fourth  Avenue  /''^  Naw  York  City 


1918 


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The  Outlook 

OCTOBER  16,  1918 
Offices,  381  Fourth  Avenue,  New  York 


GERMANY'S  EFFORT  TO  ESCAPE  DEFEAT 

Germany,  by  the  hand  of  the  Imperial  Chancellor,  Prince 
Maximilian  of  Baden,  has  sent  to  Fresident  Wilson  through 
the  Swiss  Government  the  following  request  for  an  armistice : 

The  German  Government  requests  tlie  President  of  the  United 
States  to  take  in  hand  the  restoration  of  peace,  acquaint  all  the 
belligerent  states  of  this  request,  and  invite  them  to  send  pleni- 
potentiaries for  the  purpose  of  opening  negotiations. 

It  accepts  the  programme  set  forth  by  tlie  President  of  the 
United  States  in  his  Message  to  Congress  on  January  8  and  in 
his  later  pronouncements,  especially  his  speech  of  September  27, 
as  a  basis  for  peace  negotiations. 

With  a  view  to  avoiding  further  bloodshed,  the  Grerman  Gov- 
ernment requests  the  immediate  conclusion  of  an  armistice  on 
land  and  water  and  in  the  air. 

The  Chancellor's  note  is  dated  October  6.  On  October  8  the 
President  sent,  also  through  the  Swiss  Legation  in  Washington, 
which  has  charge  of  German  interests  in  the  United  States,  the 
following  reply : 

Before  making  reply  to  the  request  of  the  Imperial  German 
Government,  and  in  order  that  the  reply  shall  be  as  candid  and , 
straightforward  as  the  momentous  interests  involved  require,  the 
President  of  tlie  United  States  deems  it  necessary  to  assure  him- 
self of  the  exact  meaning  of  the  note  of  the  Imperial  Chancellor. 
Does  the  Imperii  Chancellor  mean  that  the  Imperial  German 
Government  accepts  the  terms  laid  down  by  tlie  President  in  his 
address  to  the  Uongress  of  the  United  States  on  the  8th  of 
January  last  and  in  subsequent  addresses,  and  tliat  its  object  in 
entering  into  discussions  would  be  only  to  agree  upon  the  practi- 
cal details  of  their  application  ? 

The  President  feels  bound  to  say  with  regard  to  the  suggestion 
of  an  armistice,  that  he  would  not  feel  at  liberty  to  propose  a 
cessation  of  arms  to  the  Governments  with  which  the  Govern- 
ment of  the  United  States  is  associated  against  the  Central 
Powers  so  long  as  the  armies  of  those  Powers  are  upon  their 
BoiL  The  good  faith  of  any  discussion  would  manifestly  depend 
upon  the  consent  of  the  Central  Powers  immediately  to  with- 
draw their  forces  eveirwhere  from  invaded  territory. 

The  President  also  reels  that  he  is  justified  in  asking  whether 
the  Imperial  Chancellor  is  speaking  merely  for  the  constituted 
authorities  of  the  Empire  who  have  so  far  conducted  the  war. 
He  uC^ms  the  answer  to  these  questions  vital  from  every  point 
of  view. 

One  of  the  best  comments  which  we  have  seen  upon  the 
Kaiser's  request  for  an  armistice  appears  in  a  lai^e  display 
Advertisement  printed  in  the  daily  papers  of  October  9  b^  the 
Liberty  hoaa  Committee.  It  is  so  pertinent  that  we  reprint  it 
in  full: 

We,  Wilhelm  II,  by  the  Grace  of  God,  King  of  Prussia  and 
German  Emperor,  wishing  to  get  away  with  the  booty  we  have 
stolen  from  Be%ium,  France,  Russia,  Italy,  Serbia,  and 
Rumania,  and 

Wishing  to  escape  punishment  for  the  crimes  we  have  per- 
petrated on  the  Sea,  on  Land  and  in  the  Air,  and 

Wishing  to  reorganize  our  armies  for  new  and  more  terrible 
attacks  upon  the  liberties  of  mankind, 

Do  hereby  proclaim  to  all  the  World  that  we  are  ready  to 
TALK  peace — but  only  to  talk,  in  order  that  the  free  peoples  of 
the  World  in  alliance  against  us  may  be  tricked  into  slackening 
their  war  eflforts  and  quarreling  amongst  themselves. 

The  Liberty  Loan  Committee  adds  to  the  foregoing  panu 
phrase  of  the  Kaiser's  peace  pronunciamento  the  foUowing 
words :  "  The  Kaiser  doesn't  want  peace — he  wants  time." 

Very  true.  And  unfortunately  the  President's  reply  gives  him 
tame.  If  Mr.  Wilson  had  confined  his  response  to  the  statement 
tliat  he  would  not  even  transmit  Germany's  request  to  his  AlUes 
-while  German  troops  were  on  invaded  soil,  the  entire  allied 
-w^orid,  we  believe,  would  have  been  cheered  and  strengthened. 


As  it  is,  the  interrogation  with  which  he  concludes  is  vaguey 
subject  to  varied  interpretations,  and  has  set  the  country  to  dis- 
cussing and  debating  instead  of  inspiring  it  to  more  united  and 
determined  action.  Suppose  the  German  Chancellor  should 
respectfully  ask  if  President  Wilson  represents  merely  the  Dem- 
ocratic party,  would  not  the  President  reply  that  he  represents 
the  whole  people  of  the  United  States,  including  the  Democi-atic 
party?  If  the  German  Chancellor  in  like  manner  should  re- 
spond to  the  President's  request  by  saying,  "  I  represent  all  the 
people  of  Germany,  civilian  and  military,"  what  will  the  Presi- 
dent do  then  ?  Elsewhere  in  this  issue  is  discussed  editorially 
the  question  as  to  how  the  Allies  should  act  in  the  face  of  Ger- 
many's proposal. 


THE  GERMAN  GOVERNMENT  AND  THE 
GERMAN  PEOPLE 

The  first  effort  in  Germany's  desperate  attempt  to  escape 
defeat  was  directed  toward  her  own  people.  It  was  an  attempt 
to  make  them  believe  that  Germany  was  to  become  demo- 
cratic and  that  the  voice  of  the  people  was  to  be  heard  in  the 
coimcils  of  the  imperialistic  group  of  autocrats  and  militarists. 
The  Kaiser  himself  intimated  this  in  his  letter  accepting  the 
resignation  of  Chancellor  von  Hertling  when  be  invited  the 
future  co-operation  in  the  Government  of  "  men  who  have  been 
borne  up  by  the  people's  trust,"  and  expressed  a  desire  that  "  the 
German  people  shall  co-operate  more  effectively  than  heretofore 
in  deciding  the  fate  of  the  Fatherland."  Then  came  the  appoint- 
ment of  the  new  Chancellor,  Prince  Maximilian  of  Baden,  and  the 
naming  as  Government  Ministers  without  portfolio  of  a  Socialist, 
Scheidemann,  and  of  a  member  of  the  Centrist  party,  Groeber. 
Not  one  of  these  men  or  of  the  others  proposed  to  be  put  forward 
to  represent  the  people  is  free  from  governmental  affiliations. 
Scheidemann,  for  instance,  is  described  by  one  careful  student 
of  German  politics  as  "  a  sort  of  stool-pigeon  for  the  war  party ;" 
Groeber,  as  "  a  camouflage  to  make  it  appear  that  the  Catholic 
party  is  solidly  behind  the  Imperial  war  master ;"  Prince  Maxi- 
milian, as  "  a  middle-of-the-road  man  who  might  be  counted  upon 
tQ  serve  the  Government's  interests." 

The  new  Chancellor  is  heir  to  the  throne  of  Baden,  has  been 
known  as  a  Moderate  politically,  and  has  in  some  cases  opposed 
the  extreme  actions  of  the  militarists  and  Pan-Germans.  In  an 
interview  last  winter  he  urged  that  Germany  should  not  "  re- 
nounce the  position  of  being  a  world  moral  factor,"  and  that  it 
should  "  strive  for  a  renunciatory  peace."  But  he  also  charged 
die  Allies  with  an  "unmercifid  will  to  destroy."  There  is  no 
sound  reason  to  believe  that  the  new  Chancellor  will  differ  from 
his  predecessors  in  doing  the  will  of  his  Imperial  master.  A 
German  Chancellor  in  no  sense  represents  the  people.  He  can 
hold  his  office  only  so  long  as  he  conforms  to  the  Imperial  wiU. 
Prince  Maxunilian's  first  official  address  to  the  Reichstag  was 
an  expansion  of  the  Emperor's  letter  to  von  Hertling,  (quoted 
above.  It  was  a  bid  for  support  from  all  German  parties,  as 
when  he  said :  "  Only  when  our  enemies  feel  that  the  German 
people  stand  united  back  of  their  chosen  leaders,  then  only 
can  words  become  deeds."  But,  as  a  matter  of  fact,  the  re- 
quest for  an  armistice  was  made  without  the  slightest  attempt 
to  consult  the  German  people. 


THE  LIBERTY  LOAN 

A  reader  calls  our  attention  to  a  poem  by  Kenneth  Groes- 
beck  which  appeared  in  our  valiant  and  effective  pro-Ally  con- 
temporary "  Life  "  in  its  issue  of  April  11,  1918.  It  was  read, 
he  says,  from  the  pulpit  by  the  minister  of  his  church  on  a  recent 


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242 


THE   OUTLOOK 


16  October 


Sunday  in  an  appeal  for  the  Liberty  Loan,  and  he  asks  if  we 
do  not  think  it  especially  appropriate  at  this  time.  We  do,  and 
are  therefore  glad  to  print  it  here : 

"  Over  in  France  where  the  death  shells  scream 
The  boys  are  fighting  as  in  a  dream  ; 
A  glorious  dream  of  blood  and  hell, 
While  I  stay  at  home  and  prosper  well. 

Over  in  France  they  are  dying  now 
Like  red  earth  turned  by  a  giant  plow ; 
They  are  going  across  with  a  smile  for  me, 
While  I  stay  home  in  security. 

Over  in  France  the  g^  clouds  roll 
And  the  shower  of  steel  is  taking  its  toll ; 
The  flag  drives  on,  but  the  boys  lie  still, 
While  I  live  on  and  eat  my  fill. 

Great  God  m  heaven,  in  whom  we  trust. 
Turn  the  food  in  ray  throat  to  dust 
If  I  miss  one  cliance  that  may  come  to  me 
To  bring  them  home  with  the  victory  1" 


A  FINE   EXAMPLE 

Nothing  can  be  more  dignified  and  honorable  than  a  frank 
retraction  of  a  view  of  important  public  questions  one*  honestly 
held  but  later  reversed  through  enlightenment  and  conviction. 
An  inspiring  example  of  this  fine  spirit  was  seen  in  the  address 
by  Vice-President  Marshall  when  the  beautiful  Altar  of  Liberty 
was  dedicated  to  the  work  of  the  Liberty  Loan  campaign  in 
New  York  City.  Mr.  Marshall  minced  no  words  and  made  no 
evasions  in  declaring  his  utter  change  of  feeling  about  the  war. 
He  said :  "  I  come  here  to  make  an  apology  for  my  attitude 
during  almost  two  years  and  a  half  of  that  fateful  conflict ;  an 
apology  that  a  God-fearing  man  in  the  twentieth  century  of 
civilization  could  have  dreamed  that  any  nation,  any  man,  could 
be  neutral  when  right  was  fighting  with  the  wrong." 

The  reasons  that  had  caused  Vice-President  Marshall's  change 
of  feeling  were  stated  by  him  with  force  and  energy,  and  made 
a  |K>werful  plea  for  pushing  the  war  to  the  utmost.  He  had 
fotmd  that  while  he  once  thought  that  it  was  the  German 
riders  only  that  were  responsible,  he  now  knew  that  it  was  the 
system  of  statecraft  and  the  philosophy  of  the  entire  people. 
He  proclaimed  that  our  fight  is  not  for  military  glory,  nor 
for  territory,  nor  for  punishment,  but  to  wipe  out  the  idea  that 
strength  is  the  only  thing  in  life.  Therefore  he  eloquently 
declared : 

I  want  this  fight  to  go  on  to  the  end.  No  compromise.  No 
secret  treaty.  I  want  the  Senate  of  the  United  States  to  remove 
the  ban  of  secrecy  from  the  discussion  of  peace  questions  so  that 
this  people  may  know  what  their  representatives  pro|>ose  to  do. 
I  want  this  peace,  when  it  is  made,  to  represent  the  high  ideals, 
the  lofty  aspirations,  and  the  sacrificial  spirit  of  the  whole  Amer- 
ican people. 

The  entire  address  rang  with  conviction  and  earnestness.  The 
American  people  will  hold  a  higher  opinion  of  their  Vice-Presi- 
dent's force  of  character  because  of  this  honorable  and  patriotic 
avowal. 


PREPARING  FOR  THE  FUTURE 

Probably  most  thoughtful  Americans  have  wondered  what 
will  be  the  condition  of  our  public  industries,  such  as  our  food, 
our  fuel,  and  our  transportation,  when  this  war  comes  to  its  end. 
It  is  neither  probable  that  all  Government  regulation  will  be 
abandoned  nor  that  there  will  be  no  resumption  of  individual 
industry  in  free  production  and  traffic.  Senator  Weeks,  of 
Massachusetts,  with  the  approval  of  his  Republican  colleagues, 
has  proposed  a  bill  creating  a  National  commission  of  twelve  mem- 
l>er8,  bipartisan  in  its  character,  to  investigate  this  interesting 
and  important  question  and  report  the  result  of  its  investiga^ 
tion  for  the  benefit  of  Congress.  This  Commission  wUl  be  com- 
lK)sed  of  members  of  Congress  and  will  be  responsible  to  the 
Congress  which  created  it.  His  proposal  has  been  followed  by 
another,  introduced  by  Mr.  Overman,  of  North  Carolina,  it  is 
understood,  at  the  request  of  the  President  of  the  United  States, 
for  the  creation  of  a  commission  of  five  members  to  be  appointed 


by  the  President  by  and  with  the  adviw  of  the  Senate.   The 
proposed  Overman  Bill  enacts : 

That  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  commbsion  to  examine  into  the 
problems  and  conditions  that  are  arising  out  of  the  war  and  that 
may  arise  out  of  the  transition  of  the  economic,  industrial,  and 
social  life  of  the  Nation  from  a  state  of  war  to  a  state  of  peace : 
and,  with  a  view  to  meeting  so  far  as  possible  such  problems  an<l 
conditions  before  their  solution  is  actually  forced  upon  the  Gov- 
ernment, the  commission  shall  report  to  Congress  from  time  to 
time  the  results  of  such  investi^rations,  with  recommendations 
for  new  and  additional  legislation. 

The  difference  between  these  two  plans  is  greater  than  at 
first  sight  may  appear  to  the  reader.  Under  the  first  plan  thr 
commission  created  by  Congress  wrill  act  as  a  representative 
of  Congress.  Under  the  second,  the  commission  appointed  by 
the  President  will  ax.'t  as  a  representative  of  the  President.  The 
real  question  is,  Shall  Congress  or  the  President  initiate  tlie 
necessary  legislation  ?  Some  light  may  be  thrown  on  this  sub- 
ject by  an  interesting  parallel  furnished  by  the  leT^islative 
methods  of  Germany.  Germany  has  a  Senate,  or  Bundesrath. 
and  a  House  of  Representatives,  or  Reichstag.  The  Bundesrath 
is  composed  of  deleg^ates  appointed  by  th^  princes  of  the  states 
and  the  senates  of  the  free  cities.  Says  A.  Lawrence  Lowell 
in  his  work  on  "  Governments  and  Parties  in  Continental 
Europe :"  "  It  [the  Bundesrath]  has  the  first  and  last  word  od 
almost  all  the  laws,  for  ...  by  far  the  la^er  part  of  the  statutai 
are  prepared  and  first  discussed  by  the  Bundesrath.  .  .  .  Ther 
are  again  submitted  to  the  Bundesrath  for  approval  before  they 
are  promulgated  by  the  Emperor." 

Thus  the  Bundesrath  has  the  power  to  initiate  and  the  power 
to  veto  legislation.  Mr.  Overman's  pjroposed  bill  would  give  to 
the  President  of  the  United  States,  so  far  as  reconstructiTe 
legislation  is  concerned,  the  same  power  which  is  given  by  the 
German  Constitution  to  the  Bundesrath.  Through  the  conunu^ 
sion  which  he  would  appoint,  and  would  therefore  be  able  to 
control,  he  would  have  power  to  frame  such  l^islation  as  he 
thought  to  be  for  the  interest  of  the  country,  and  he  would  have 
power  under  the  Constitution  to  veto  any  proposals  coming 
through  or  independently  of  his  commission  which  he  thought 
disadvantageous.  Congress  would  practically  be  confined  to 
leg^lative  approval  or  disapproval  of  such  legislation  as  the 
President  saw  fit  to  initiate.  What  Mr.  Lowell  says  of  the 
Bundesrath  might,  if  the  President's  plan  is  adopted  by 
Congress,  be  said  with  equal  justice  of  the  Prraident :  "  The 
Bundesrath  may  therefore  be  said  to  be  not  only  a  part  of  the 
legislature,  but  the  main  source  of  legislation."  So  radical  a 
change  in  the  Constitutional  ideals  of  our  fathers  ought  not  to 
be  adopted  without  very  serious  consideration. 


•AN  ECONOMIC   GENERALISSIMO? 

Last  July  Lord  Robert  Cecil  outlined  a  plan  for  an  eeo- 
nomic  association  of  the  twenty-three  nations  comprising  tlh- 
Entente  Allies.  Lord  Robert  referred  to  President  Wilsons 
speech  of  January  8,  in  which  the  removal,  as  far  as  possiUe. 
of  all  economic  barriers  among  those  nations  was  advocated. 

Later  in  the  summer  Mr.  Btettinius,  then  Second  Assistant 
Secretary  of  War,  went  abroad  in  the  interest  of  our  Govern- 
ment to  further  the  Allies'  economic  correlation.  For  such  a 
task  perhaps  no  man  is  his  superior ;  his  record  as  the  AIli<« 
purchasing  agent  in  this  countnr  and  later  as  the  manager  ci 
munitions  production  for  the  War  Department  leaves  little 
room  for  doubt. 

It  is  therefore  a  satisfaction  for  those  of  us  who  believe 
that,  having  unified  military  control,  we  shotdd  have  onifitii 
economic  control,  to  learn  that  such  control  has  been  dt- 
cided  upon.  It  vrill  be  co-ordinated  with  finance  through  the 
Inter-Allied  Finance  Commission ;  with  shipping,  through  thr 
Inter- Allied  Shipping  Council;  and  with  export  and  import 
relations,  through  an  Inter- Allied  Board  made  up  of  representa- 
tives of  our  War  Trade  Board  and  the  corresponding  boards  is 
the  other  Allied  Governments.  In  the  same  way  munitions,  fo«L 
fuel,  and  other  materials  and  commodities  for  the  proeecatiMi 
of  the  war  are  to  be  dealt  with.  Already  we  see  what  caui  he 
done  with  such  commodities  as  nitrates,  tungsten,  and  tin,  inter- 
national  pooling   agreements   for   which   have   recently    bcffi 


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THE   OUTLOOK 


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effected.  The  same  should  apply  also  to  iron  and  steel  and  the 
uun-ferrous  metals,  to  hides  and  leather,  to  rubber  and  wool, 
and  to  all  other  raw  materials  or  manufactured  products  of  which 
there  may  be  a  shortage,  or  where  competitive  and  shipping 
t*ondition8  and  the  local  production  and  distribution  situation 
make  it  desirable.  Hence,  subordinate  to  the  Inter-Allied  coun- 
cils, commodity  committees  are  being  organized.  While  the 
Inter- Allied  councils  are  composed  of  men  of  cabinet  rank,  the 
commodity  committees  will  be  made  up  of  men  of  lesser  position 
but  each  an  expert  in  his  particular  commodity. 

The  completion  of  such  a  common  economic  and  industrial 
programme  doubtless  implies  coordination  of  effort  by  a 
Supreme  Economic  Councu.  Whether,  following  the  militai^ 
examine,  it  should  include  or  not  a  supreme  economic  general- 
issimo remains  to  be  seen. 


WAR  DANGERS  AT  HOME 

It  is  no  exaggeration  to  say  that  the  devastation  and  dan- 
gers of  war  were  endured  for  two  days  in  New  Jersey  on  Octo- 
ber 6  and  6.  The  explosions  at  an  immense  mtmition  works  at 
Morgan,  on  the  edge  of  the  town  of  South  Amboy,  made  the 
havoc  of  the  Black  Tom  disaster  seem  insignificant.  It  is 
believed  at  this  writing  that  something  less  than  a  hundred 
lives  were  lost,  but  there  is  no  exact  knowledge  as  to  this  or 
as  to  the  number  of  maimed  and  injured  persons.  Most  of  those 
directly  injured  were  employees  aogaged  in  the  workrooms 
when  tiie  first  explosion  took  place,  about  eight  o'clock  on  Fri- 
day evening.  But  the  suffering  and  loss  were  by  no  means  con- 
fined to  those  actually  injured.  Not  only  in  Morgan  itself,  but 
in  Sonth  Amboy,  and  to  some  extent  in  Perth  Amboy,  houses 
were  shattered,  people  were  driven  out  of  their  homes,  and 
many  hundreds  spent  the  night  in  the  streets  watching  for  each 
flash  of  light  which  heralded  a  new  explosion,  cowering  on  the 
groond  as  the  concussion  reached  them  a  few  seconds  later. 
The  next  day,  Saturday,  many  thousands  of  the  people  living 
near  by  the  explosion  were  obliged  to  seek  refuge  in  towns  and 
citiee  within  a  radius  of  fifteen  miles.  It  is  to  the  honor  and 
credit  of  the  military,  police,  and  civil  authorities  that  the 
stricken  and  bombarded  towns  were  guarded  with  the  utmost 
rapidity  and  e£Bciency.  Firemen  from  near  and  far  braved  the 
dangers  of  death  to  limit  the  explosions  to  as  small  an  area 
as  we  conditions  made  possible.  Hospitals  were  crowded; 
armories,  schools,  churches,  and  private  homes  were  thrown 
open  to  receive  the  refugees,  many  of  whom  had  fled  from  their 
houses  with  only  blankets  wrapped  around  them  and  were  not 
allowed  to  go  back  into  the  houses  because  of  the  dang^. 

In  short,  northern  New  Jersey  for  two  days  knew  what  it 
was  to  hear  the  crash  of  high  explosives  and  the  rumble  of  shells, 
to  look  for  the  lists  of  deatl  and  wounded,  to  see  the  roads  filled 
with  homeless  refugees,  and  to  feel  for  a  little  time  and  in  a 
limited  way  as  the  people  of  our  French  and  Belgian  allies 
feel  constantly  when  war  is  close  upon  them. 

A»  with  the  Black  Tom  disaster,  these  frightfid  explosions 
near  South  Amboy  raise  the  question  whether  all  is  done  that 
can  be  done  to  nu^e  safe  the  manufacture,  transportation,  and 
handling  of  high  explosives — incidentally,  it  might  be  well  to 
a^  whether  the  ordinances  and  laws  adopted  aner  the  Black 
Tom  explosion  are  strictly  enforced.  Every  one  realizes  that 
civilians  must  bear  some  risk  of  danger  and  death  in  war  time. 
The  workers  in  plants  where  high  explosives  are  made  or  shells 
are  filled  with  tliem  know  the  danger,  and  it  is  certain  that 
patriotic  motives  as  well  as  high  wages  urge  them  to  take  this 
risk.  They  are  doing  a  necessary  and  imiwrtant  work.  All  the 
more  they  should  be  protected,  and  so  should  residents  in  the 
uear-bv  country  and  travelers  on  the  railways  which  carry  these 
explosives.  The  famous  TNT  (short  for  trinitrotoluol)  is  terrifi- 
«*aJly  dangerous,  for  it  explodes  if  it  reaches  a  certain  high 
temperature.  The  magazines  in  which  it  is  kept  are  usuimy 
deeply  buried,  sometimes  surrounded  by  water,  always  carefully 
l^naraed  as  to  the  approaches,  and  only  the  quantity  actually 
ueexl^  is  taken  out  from  time  to  time  with  exceedir^  S^^ 
trauti<Hi.    It  IB  understood  that  no  large  magazine  of  TNT  ex- 

Cloded  at  Morgan  ;  bad  as  the  casualties  were,  they  would  have 
een  immensely  increased  if  that  had  been  the  case.  The  factories 
involved  were  carried  on  by  the  firm  of  T.  A.  Gillespie  &  Co., 


who  were  loading  high-explosive  shells  for  the  United  States 
Government  on  a  very  large  scale.  It  is  said  that  the  plant  cost 
$18,000,000,  and  that  it  was  loading  30,000  shells  a  day.  Yet 
so  great  is  the  total  production  in  this  country  that  the  loss  by 
ex^osion  will  not  seriously  cripple  our  supply  of  ammunition 
for  the  present  or  future. 

How  the  calamity  had  its  origin  is  not  known.  Searching 
investigation  should  throw  some  light  on  this  question.  The 
criticism  has  been  made  with  oonsicferable  apparent  force  that 
the  many  separate  buildings  of  the  plant  were  not  as  far  apart 
as  they  should  have  been  to  prevent  the  spreading  of  the  danger 
from  one  to  another.  The  rieht  theory  in  the  manufacture  of 
explosives  is  that  there  should  be  many  separate,  low,  lightly 
constructed  buildings  placed  so  far  apart  that  an  explosion  in  one 
will  not  endanger  the  others.  If  it  is  true  that  convenience  and 
efficiency  rather  than  absolute  safety  governed  the  ground  plan 
of  the  works  at  Morgan,  it  surely  ought  to  be  seen  to  that  the 
reconstruction  (which  began  before  the  danger  was  fairly  over) 
should  take  this  into  account. 

^  The  great  lesson  of  the  calamity  is  that  Governmental  and 
civil  authorities  should  do  every  conceivable  thing  that  may 
serve  to  safeguard  communities  near  such  plants  and  the  lives 
and  homes  of  those  engaged  in  the  work.  Risks  must  be  taken, 
but  not  recklessly  or  contrary  to  law. 


THE  WAR:    GAINS  AND  INDICATIONS  OF  VICTORY 

The  week  ending  on  October  8  recorded  continued  move- 
ment on  all  the  battle-lines  of  the  Allies.  The  gains,  while  not 
sensational  in  territory,  afford  new  vantage-grounds  for  pressure 
upon  the  enemy's  strongholds  so  threatening  that  the  opmion  in- 
creases that  a  general  withdrawal  of  forces  is  imminent  Indeed, 
rumors  affirm  that  a  quarrel  has  taken  place  between  Hinden- 
burg  and  the  Kaiser  on  this  very  question,  and  that  Hindenburg 
has  been  forced  to  retire  from  active  control  because  he  insisted 
upon  the  immediate  necessity  of  such  a  withdrawal. 

On  the  western  front  an  advance  of  the  French  northward 
and  westward  from  Rheims  has  not  only  cleared  that  city  from 
the  German  shell  fire  it  has  endured  so  long,  but  has  broken  a 
German  front  fourteen  miles  northwest  of  Rheims  on  the  river 
Aisne.  The  advance  was  marked  by  the  French  occupation  of 
Ber^-au-Bac.  This  and  other  advances  which  have  outflanked 
the  (jhemin  des  Dames  defenses  have  thrown  into  immediate 
danger  the  central  stronghold  of  the  Germans  in  this  part  of  the 
country,  Laon.  It  is  reported  as  we  write  that  the  Germans 
have  fired  Laon  and  that  they  are  on  the  point  of  withdrawing. 
The  French  have  also  advanced  well  beyond  St.  Quentin. 
Americans  have  backed  up  French  efforts  and  have  maintained 
their  gain  of  ground  in  the  section  just  west  of  Verdun. 

The  British  continued  during  the  week  to  hammer  the  Ger- 
man lines  north  and  sooth  of  Cambrai ;  they  took  many  thou- 
sands of  prisoners,  and  are  endangering  vital  German  communi- 
cations. The  Belgian  sea  bases  will  not  much  longer  be  tenable 
by  the  Germans.  A  thrust  towards  Lille  may  cause  the  evacua- 
tion of  that  city.  The  American  Twenty-seventh  Division  fought 
with  the  British  in  the  attacks  northwest  of  St.  Quentin  and  the 
men  acquitted  themselves  finely.  At  one  time  it  was  feared  that 
a  large  section  of  this  division  had  been  trapped  and  cutoff,  but 
the  units  involved  foueht  their  way  back  through  the  Germans, 
while  other  units  which  had  been  apparently  missing  were  found 
to  have  joined  with  the  Australians  and  pushed  forward  inde- 
pendently of  the  division. 

General  d'Esperey's  army  is  gathering  up  the  fruits  of  its  vic- 
tory in  Macedonia  and  Serbia.  It  appears  to  be  drawing  close 
to  Nish.  Nowhere  so  far  has  it  met  serious  resistance  from  Aus- 
trian or  German  forces.  It  is  even  reported  that  Germany  and 
Austria  are  withdrawing  their  army  from  northern  Bul- 
garia at  Bulgaria's  demand.  No  doubt,  if  this  is  true,  it  meauM 
a  concentration  of  German  forces  in  Rumania.  The  alHlica- 
tion  of  Ferdinand  in  Bulgaria  (there  are  amusing  rumors  that 
he  proposes  to  take  up  the  study  of  botany)  and  the  accession 
of  Crown  Prince  Boris  to  the  thnme  were  followed  by  a  decree 
of  King  Boris  dissolving  the  BiilgHrian  army  and  by  the  with- 
drawal of  Ferdinand  from  the  country.  The  whole  royal  epistnle 
reminds  one  of  what  took  place  in  (ireeoe  when  Constsntint-  ft'll. 

The  occupation  of  Damascus  by  General  Allenby's  army  and 


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THE   OUTLOOK 


the  surrender  to  him  there  of  seven  thousand  prisoners  was  a 
foreseen  consequence  of  the  destruction  ■  of  the  Turkish  armies. 
The  indications  are  that  the  British  advance  from  Palestine  to 
Aleppo  and  from  Mesopotamia  to  Aleppo  will  soon  become  an 
accomplished  fact.  On  October  9  a  French  naval  division  en- 
tered Beirut,  the  chief  seaport  of  Syria,  fifty-seven  miles  north- 
west of  Damascus.  It  was  received,  the  despatches  say,  with 
indescribable  enthusiasm.  British  naval  forces  may  at  any  time 
enter  the  harbors  of  Beirut  and  Alexandretta. 

By  the  Italian  attack  upon  the  Austrian  naval  base  at 
Durazzo,  on  the  Adriatic  (just  north  of  that  part  of  the  line  in 
the  Balkans  held  by  Italian  troops),  Austrian  naval  effort  in  the 
Adriatic  has  received  a  serious  blow,  as  it  did  before  when 
Pola's  harbor  was  entered  and  battleships  were  destroyed.  It  is 
interesting  to  note  that  in  the  attack  upon  Durazzo  the  Italians 
were  aided  by  American  submarine  chasers  as  well  as  by  Brit- 
ish warships.  The  victory  at  Dui-azzo  is  of  great  value  in  all 
the  future  military  activities  of  the  Allies  in  the  Balkans. 


THE  VICTOR  OF  THE  BALKANS 

To  many  Americans  the  name  of  General  Franchet 
d'Esperey  was  little  known  when,  only  the  other  day,  it  sprang 
into  fame  and  honor  because  of  the  sweeping  victory  in  Mace- 
'donia  attained  by  the  forces  under  his  supreme  command.  To 
Frenchmen,  however,  and  to  others  who  have  followed  the  his- 
tory of  the  war  closely.  General  d'Esperey  was  already  known 
as  a  commander  of  attainments  and  genius.  An  interesting 
account  of  his  career  and  personality  from  the  pen  of  M. 
Stcphane  Lauzanne,  the  editor  of  ue  Paris  '*  Matin,"  was 
lately  published  in  the  New  York  ''  Times."  His  victories  date 
back  as  far  as  1914.  Indeed,  he  won  two  notable  victories 
within  a  single  month  in  that  year.  At  Charleroi  he  protected 
the  flank  of  the  retreating  French  and  British  with  extraor- 
dinarily brilliant  attacks,  and  actually  drove  back  across  the 
Meuse  a  German  division  which  was  in  the  full  flood  of  success. 
As  a  result  of  this  defeat  of  the  Saxon  army,  its  general,  von 
Hansen,  lost  his  command,  and  General  d'Esperey  became 
known  as  the  only  British  or  French  general  who  won  a  victory 
at  Charleroi.  At  the  first  battle  ot  the  Mame,  less  than  a 
month  later,  General  d'Esperey  gained  laurels  when  he  threw 
his  forces  with  fury  against  the  left  wing  of  von  Klnck's  army 
and  the  right  wing  of  von  Bulow's  army  (both  were  facing 
him),  drove  a  wedge  between  the  two  armies,  threw  them  into 
disorder,  and  the  next  day  saw  them  in  retreat.  Thereafter  he 
became  a  commander  of  armies  instead  of  army  corps. 

When  General  d'Esperey  was  placed  in  command  of  all  the 
Allied  armies  on  the  Salonika  front  last  June,  that  front  seemed 
almost  dead,  so  long  had  it  been  devoid  of  action.  Whether  his 
predecessor,  General  Sarrail,  had  allowed  this  inaction  because 
of  necessary  military  reasons,  or  because  of  the  terrible  physical 
obstacles  to  an  advance,  or  because  of  a  temperamental  tendency 
to  delay,  or  for  other  causes,  is  not  certainly  known.  There 
have  been  some  strange  but  unconfirmed  rumors  that  his  retire- 
ment was  forced.  At  all  events,  after  a  period  of  preparation 
the  dead  Balkan  front  became  alive  with  energy.  General 
d'Esperey's  plan  of  attack  was  as  brilliant,  as  unexpected,  and 
as  carefully  tiiought  out  as  the  x'lans  with  which  General  Foch  on 
the  western  front  has  astonished  the  world.  What  seemed  at 
first  to  be  a  local  advance  on  a  limited  front  became  with 
astonishing  rapidity  a  frightful  wedge  driven  deep  between 
Bulgarian  armies.  It  cut  one  army  in  two  when  the  Serbians 
and  French  crossed  the  Vardar ;  it  left  the  western  section  of 
the  Bulgarian  forces  outflanked  and  helpless.  It  may  be  that  its 
success  was  favored  by  the  political  and  et^onomic  uneasiness  of 
Bulgaria  and  the  desire  of  its  rulers  to  "  get  out  from  under  " 
the  threatening  German  collapse.  But  it  was  no  less  one  of  the 
most  notable  victories  of  the  war,  and  its  results  are  sure  to 
reach  far  beyond  the  surrender  of  Bulgaria.  It  is  to  General 
d'Esperey  that  the  Allies  owe  it  that  they  once  more  have  a 
strong  fighting  eastern  front. 

Although  General  d'Esperey  is  comparatively  a  yoimg  man, 
his  career,  from  the  time  when  he  was  a  commander  in  Algeria, 
down  through  the  great  campaigns  of  the  present  war  in  Bel- 
gium, at  the  Mame,  on  the  Somme,  on  the  Aisne,  and  in  the 
Champagne  district,  has  been  marked  with  frequent  military 


exploits  of  the  highest  value.  Personally  he  is  not  only  a  brave 
soldier  and  wise  commander,  but  a  man  of  wide  human  syiupa- 
thy.  M.  Lauzanne  tells  us :  "  General  Franchet  d'Esperey  does 
not  only  know  how  to  deal  with  earth  and  cannon ;  he  aki 
knows  how  to  deal  with  men.  He  can  make  his  soldiers  do  anj- 
thing,  because  he  knows  how  to  talk  to  them ;  he  has  the  rtaijr 
word  that  wins  the  heart  of  the  trooper,  and  to-<lay  it  is  with 
the  heart  as  much  aa  with  muscle  that  battles  are  won."  A  por- 
trait of  General  d'Esperey  appears  on  page  261. 


A   TURNING-POINT    IN  JAPAN 

Kei-Hara,  the  new  Japanese  Premier,  is  sixty-four  yeaw  old. 
A  portrait  appears  on  another  page.  He  was  bom  of  an  unari>- 
tocratic  family  in  the  northeastern  part  of  Japan.  He  embrawil 
journalism  as  a  profession,  ultimately  controlling  some  influential 
daily  newspapers.  He  became  prominent  in  the  leadership  of  tbe 
political  party  called  the  Seiyu-kai  (the  Political  Friends  Aso- 
elation),  organized  by  Prince  Ito,  occupied  many  diplomatic 
offices  at  home  and  abroad,  and  was  repeatedly  a  memb<>r  of 
various  Cabinets,  first  as  Minister  of  Commimications,  and  tbm 
repeatedly  as  Home  Minister.  In  addition  to  his  Premiership  in 
the  new  Cabinet  hie  retains  the  portfolio  of  Minister  of  Justirt 

Mr.  Hara  is  the  present  leader  of  the  Seiyu-kai,  often  caSki 
the  Constitutional  party,  although  another  is  the  Doshi-kai 
(the  Constitutional  Friends  Association),  organized  by  Prince 
Katsura.  That  statesman  preceded  Marquis  Okuma  as  Premier. 
and  Okimia  preceded  Count  Terauchi,  the  Prime  Minister  who 
has  just  resigned.  Okuma  was  a  Liberal  and  Terauchi  the 
representative  of  the  Genro,  or  Elder  Statesmen,  who  lioM 
themselves  above  any  political  party  and  are,  in  the  best  senw. 
Conservatives. 

Next  in  importance  among  Japanese  political  parties  seenb 
to  be  the  Kensei-kai  (Liberal),  made  up  of  members  of  the  loww 
house  of  the  Japanese  Parliament,  wno  supported  the  Okmu 
Cabinet. 

The  Seiyu-kai  is  the  first  of  these  organizations  to  achieve 
the  distinction  of  having  all  the  civilian  members  of  any  CaK 
inet  (the  War  and  Navy  Ministers  are  not  civiliaiu)affiliated 
with  one  political  party.  And  that  par^  is  itself.  The  great 
obstacle  to  such  a  victory  has  been  the  Genro,  not  so  much  hf- 
cause  it  has  been  reactionary — for  it  often  has  not  been  BO—*t 
because  of  its  immense  prestige,  gained  by  its  astute  administn- 
tions.  Latterly,  it  is  true,  these  have  not  always  been  in  exaet 
line  with  all  its  views — «8,  for  instance,  the  Okuma  Cabinet- 
and  thus  liberalism  has  made  itself  felt  in  Cabinet  circles.  Bot 
in  the  main  the  Genro  has  carried  out  its  intentions. 

Tlie  ultimate  blow  to  its  authoritv  occurred  in  1868,  when,  oc 
his  accession  to  the  throne,  the  late  Emperor  Mutsuhito  swore  as 
oath  foreshadowing  more  popular  government,  followed  twenty- 
two  years  later  by  the  proclamation  of  a  Constitution  and  the  ap^ 
pointing  of  the  Imperial  Diet  or  Parliament.  Nearly  three  decade 
of  struggle  between  bureaucracy  and  liberalism  were  to  follow. 

According  to  the  Japanese  Constitution,  Cabinet  Ministers 
take  their  mandates  from  the  throne,  and  their  tenure  of  office 
depends  solely  upon  the  Emperor's  will.  Strict  oonstmctionistK 
like  the  late  Premier,  contended  that  party  government  has  m 
place  in  the  purview  of  the  Constitution,  that  the  appointraeot 
of  Ministers  rests  entirely  with  the  sovereigfn,  and  no  other  povrer 
has  the  right  to  interfere  with  it.  Liberal  constructionists,  how- 
ever, like  the  present  Premier,  contended  that  the  Cabvnrt 
should  represent  only  that  party  having  the  majority  in  the  Diet 
As  time  went  on,  the  strict  constructionist  party  grew  smalkf 
and  the  liberal  constructionist  party  larger,  for  experi«Kr 
showed  that  a  majority  of  the  lower  house — whose  member' 
are  elected  directly  by  the  people — could  withhold  approval  d 
Cabinet  measures.  Party  government  has  now  definitely 
triumphed.  While  responsible  to  the  Emperor  in  all  fomial 
ways,  the  Cabinet  has  now  become  really  responsible  not  only 
to  the  people  but  to  a  definite  party  of  the  people. 


THE    SIBERIAN   ISSUE 

Whatever  be  the  ultimate  cause  of  the  Japanese  Cabio>-: 
change,  two  events  may  have  proximately  influenced  it  Tlv- 
first  was  the  recent  rice  riot.    It  appears  that  rice  had  h>«- 


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CARTOONS      OF      THE    WEEK 


FiUpatrick-  in  the  St.  Louis  Post  Dispatch 


CoprHcht.  1918.  by  the  Pres*  PublUbiny  Co.  (The  New  York  Evearne  World.) 
"COMK   IN  OUT  or  THE   RAIN  I' 


•BS  IT  EVER  BO  HUHBLB" 


THE  CHANGEn  SITUATION  ON  THE  EASTERN  FRONT 


Knott  in  the  Uullas  News 


HE'LL  NOT  BE  OONK  LONG 

I'NCLE  SAM  GKTTINO  MONEY  FOR  THE  DRIVE  TO  BERLIN 


Ireland  in  the  Columbus  Evening  IHspatch 


"NO   MAITKK   HOW    I    FIX    IT,  THE  T.XIL  ALWAYS   8TICKS   OVT  • 


HE  CAN'T  CAMOIFLAGE  THE   REPTILE 


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246 


THE   OUTLOOK 


UOckid 


citi-nered  by  a  group  of  interests,  and  that  conditions  of 
inflation,  not  only  with  regard  to  rice  but  also  to  other  com- 
modities, brought  about  an  unprecedented  high  cost  of  living. 
About  this  time  there  were  rumors  that  the  Tei-auchi  Govern- 
ment's attitude  towards  profiteering  was  entirely  too  com- 


The  second  event  was  the  c^uestion  of  Siberian  intervention. 
This  turns  out  to  be  less  of  anmfluence  than  has  been  popularly 
supposed.  In  the  opinion  of  trusted  Japanese  observers  in  this 
country,  the  course  which  Japan  has  taken  in  co-operation  with 
the  United  States  will  not  be  affected  by  a  Cabinet  change. 
Japan's  foreign  policy  seems  indeed  fundJamentally  settled,  no 
matter  what  Cabmet  is  in  power.  The  principles*  of  that  policy 
are  the  maintenance  of  the  Anglo-Japanese  alliance,  friend- 
ship with  America,  and  cordifu  relations  with  China  and 
Russia. 

The  question  of  our  course  in  Siberia  therefore  becomes  all 
the  more  a  responsible  matter  for  us  Americans.  It  should  mean 
the  making  of  Siberia.  It  should  not  mean  any  breaking 
between  Japan  and  America,  but  a  streng^thening  of  friendly 
relations.  Properly  ordered  and  extended,  it  should  also  result 
in  Russia's  salvation,  delivering  her  not  only  from  the  German 
yoke  but  from  the  even  more  dreadful  yoke  imposed  upon  her 
by  some  insane  people  of  her  own  race. 

The  repercussion  of  such  work  upon  home  politics,  whether  in 
Japan,  America,  or  Europe,  cannot  faU,  we  believe,  to  repeat 
the  benefit  which  England  experienced  through  a  similar  for- 
ward policy  in  India  over  a  century  ago. 

BLOCK   PARTIES 

Recently  there  has  swept  through  the  city  of  New  York 
and  across  the  river  into  Brooklyn  and  down  along  the  neigli- 
boring  towns  of  Long  Island  a  kind  of  war-time  entertainment 
called  a  block  party. 

A  block  party  is  one  where  the  neighbors,  especially  the  peo- 
ple belonging  to  that  particular  street  which  is  to  hold  the  fes- 
tivity, give  a  party  along  a  specified  block  in  their  immediate 
vicinity.  The  street  is  roped  off  for  the  entertainment,  and  the 
crowds  mass  along  the  sidewalks.  Usually  there  is  a  procession 
first ;  sometimes  several  persons  dressed  to  impersonate  various 
great  leaders  for  liberty  ride  large  truck  horses,  who  in  turn 
are  decorated  to  look  as  though  tiiey  were  gay  and  dashing  and 
uncontrollable. 

The  big  event  of  a  block  party  is  the  raising  of  a  Service  Flag 
with  the  stars  representing  the  sons  of  the  neighbors  who  have 
gone  from  that  block.  This  is  raised  while  the  band  plays 
"  Over  There  "  and  the  great  crowd  cheers. 

But  though  this  is  the  main  event  of  the  evening, "  The  Star- 
Spangled  Banner  "  is  played  first  while  the  American  flag  is 
i-aiaed  and  the  people  stand  at  attention.  Then  follow  the 
national  anthems  of  the  various  Allied  Powers  while  their 
flags  are  raised  to  wave  over  the  block  along  lines  strung  from 
a  high  window  on  one  side  of  the  street  across  to  the  other 
side. 

The  block  upon  which  the  party  is  bein^  given  is  gayly  deco- 
rated with  bunting  of  all  colors,  with  bttie  flags  of  all  the 
AUies,  with  colored  lights  and  lanterns  and  streamers  of  ribbons 
and  bright-colored  materials. 

After  the  c«remony  of  the  raising  of  the  flags  is  over  a  dance 
takes  place.  The  couples  dance  in  the  center  of  the  sti^t, 
for  which  they  are  chargetl  a  small  sum,  and  this  money  is  con- 
tributed to  various  war-time  activities,  such  as  the  Smoke  Fund 
for  the  boys  abroad,  the  Red  Cross,  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.,  comfort 
kits,  or  other  patriotic  purposes.  The  expense  of  the  block  party 
is  covered  by  a  small,  very  small  portion  of  this,  as  the  parties 
are  gay  and  vivid  in  appearance  but  cheap  in  expenditures. 

Old  and  yoimg  gather  at  these  parties.  They  are  given  in  all 
neighborhoods.  And  in  some  of  the  poorest  of  neighborhoods 
they  make  their  dingy  streets  and  barren-looking  tenement 
buildings  so  changed  and  so  different  in  appearance  that  street 
after  street  looks  as  though  it  had  been  given  over  entirely  for 
a  street  carnival,  and  as  though  no  poverty  or  dirt  could  be 
1:)ehind  it  aU. 

The  ^mrties  are  given  by  all  races.  There  are  some  where 
every  face  seen  is  of  a  foreign  cast.   There  are  Italians,  who 


revel  in  block  parties ;  there  are  Irish,  who  love  these  neigliWv, 
sociable  affairs  ;  there  are  Jews  of  all  nationalities  ;  and  tint 
are  Americans  who  have  before  been  stiff  with  their  neighlnn 
but  now  enjoy  block  parties. 

In  the  block  parties  the  young  and  the  old,  the  Amerioai 
bom  and  the  American  naturalized,  are  gfetting  tt^ethertocW) 
for  the  boys  who  have  gone,  to  keep  up  the  spirit  of  those  wly 
are  left,  and  to  unite  with  their  neighbors  in  a  general  feelii; 
of  unity  and  patriotism. 


OIL  IN  MEXICO 

The  American  and  British  fighting  fleets  need  oil.  Tbe; 
can  get  much  of  their  supply  in  this  country.  But  not  sill.  Tit 
other  oil  resources  being  closed  to  them,  they  must  get  tii* 
balance  in  Mexico,  and  it  is  a  curious  coincidence  that  Anx-ii 
can  and  British  interests  own  most  of  the  Mexican  oil  pruiM 
ties.  Long  since  Germany  foresaw  the  present  situation,  lloi 
could  she  prevent  the  oil  owners  from  realizing  the  valuf  4 
their  properties  ? 

Over  a  year  a»o  the  Carranza  Government  established  awi 
Constitution  in  Mexico.  One  of  its  paragraplis  declared  tie! 
the  direct  ownership  of  certain  proilucts,  mcluding  petrolenn 
and  all  hydrocarbons,  solid,  liquid,  or  gaseous,  was  vested  ii 
the  Mexican  nation.  But  how  to  deal  with  vested  rights?  TVlj, 
impose  licenses  on  them,  requiring  heavy  rentals,  and  Ifn 
confiscatory  taxes.  This  was  done.  The  American  and  BritU 
Governments  protested,  on  the  ground  that  spoliation  of  prvp 
erty  has  always  been  res^rded  as  affording  mternatioiuulv 
basis  of  interposition.  The  Mexican  Government,  nothii 
daunted,  thereupon  went  a  step  further.  It.decreed  that  npfl 
the  failure  of  the  oil  companies  to  submit  to  the  new  taxati<c 
the  Government  might  seize  their  lands.  The  companies  refux^ 
to  submit,  and  relied,  as  before,  on  protection  from  their  Goveny 
ments.  Those  Governments  hau  already  called  Carnuiai 
attention  to  the  necessity  which  might  arise  to  impel  tiiemta 
protect  the  property  of  their  citizens  in  Mexico.  Finally,  oi 
August  12,  Cfarranza,  in  effect,  canceled  his  second  decree.  Ii 
still  remains  to  be  seen  what  he  will  do  with  the  first. 

These  disturbed  conditions  call  renewed  attention  to  tt( 
general  situation  in  Mexico. 

Many  people  there  suspect  that  Carranza  is  pro-Gemm. 
Some  feel  that,  had  he  dared,  Carranza  woidd  have  decbni 
himself  more  openly  than  he  has  done.  Nor  can  the  pn^ 
be  said  to  be  aggressively  anti-German ;  certainly,  despite  t« 
disclaimer  of  Senor  Cabrera,  formerly  the  Mexican  Finum 
Minister,  a  t>art  of  the  Mexican  press  has  been  spreading! 
malicious  anti- American  prop^;anda.  It  has  been  noted  tin: 
when  a  pro- Ally  paper  becomes  influential  something  is  apt  i 
happen  to  the  editor ;  for  instance,  it  is  said  that  one  editor  vV 
was  doing  good  work  in  fighting  the  pro-German  propagaiu 
was  given  twenty-four  hours  to  leave  the  country  after  k" 
had  intimated  that  certain  Deputies  were  receiving  Gernei 
money. 

As  for  the  capital,  it  is  again  much  as  it  has  been  in  nonu 
times,  except  that  the  present  Government  has  taken  overnu! 
beautiful  old  churches  and  has  turned  them  into  printing  ofli'* 
garages,  and  storehouses.  A  peculiarly  brutal  and  nnnecesea.'' 
act  was  that  of  Carranza's  generals  on  entering  the  city  tiw'  b« 
time,  namely,  that  of  cutting  down  all  the  trees  in  front  of  * 
Cathedral ;  the  Plaza  Mayor  is  now  a  glaring  square  of  »» 
heatetl  cement.  The  ostensible  reason  given  for  catting  di'« 
the  trees  was  to  show  the  ar<!hitecture  of  the  Cathednl ;  ^ 
real  reason  was  to  sell  the  wood  for  fuel. 

As  for  tlie  unrest  in  the  provinces,  we  need  but  note  '■^ 
fact  that  Chihuahua,  Morales,  and  several  other  States  v 
still  out  of  communication  with  the  Central  Government.  Fi^ 
over  three  years  there  have  been  no  trains  from  the  capitil 
such  an  iiuiK>rtant  city  as  Cuemavaca,  for  instance.  2<apai»l* 
a  kind  of  kingdom  of  his  own  in  the  surrounding  tfrriwij' 
Yet  Cuemavaca  is  only  forty  miles  south  of  Mexico  City. 

Despite  all  this,  Americans  who  have  liveil  long  in  Mex 
believe  that  a  period   of  absolute   peace,  together  with  li 
re-establishment  both  of  commmiications  and  confidence.  *>*■ 
bring  Mexico  to  its  rightf  id  position  as  one  of  the  most  pnf}*^ 
ous  countries  in  the  world. 


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247 


SURRENDER— NOT  PROMISED   BUT 
ACTUAL 

ON  the  western  front  the  news  has  l)een  glorious  and 
inspiriting.  The  armies  of  lilierty  are  proving  stronger 
thiui  the  armies  of  tyranny  and  plunder.  Those  who  once 
doubted  whether  a  victory  at  arms  was  possible  doubt  no  longer. 
Victory,  though  it  may  not  be  near,  is  in  sight. 

Nevertheless  the  cause  of  the  Allies  during  all  the  four  years 
of  war  has  never  faced  a  graver  peril  than  that  which  is  con- 
fronting it  in  these  very  days  of  victory.  Other  perils  have  been 
avert«d,  and  this  peril  can  be.  It  is  not  a  peril  to  fear  but  to 
withstand.  It  is  one  that  has  been  foreseen.  It  is  occasioned  not 
by  force,  bat  by  subtlety.  It  com^  not  from  Germany's  mili- 
tary strength,  but  from  her  weakness.  It  is  directed  not  against 
the  bodies  of  the  soldiers  of  the  Allied  nations,  but  against  the 
souls  of  their  peoples.  It  is  the  peril  of  the  German  peace 
oSFensive. 

Germany  has  proposed  in  brief,  not  to  accept  President  Wil- 
son's suggested  terms  of  peace,  but  to  enter  into  a  discussion  on 
the  basis  of  those  terms.  She  has  even  indicated  some  so-called 
concessions  which  she  says  she  is  willing  to  make.  She  talks  as 
if  she  really  wanted  to  stop  the  fighting  and  enter  into  negotia- 
tions. We  do  not  believe  that  Germany  expected  her  proposals 
to  be  entertained.  They  certainly  will  not  be.  As  with  one  voice, 
the  newspapers  and  public  men  of  America,  as  well  as  of  France 
and  Eaigiaod,  have  expressed  their  scorn  of  any  discussion  of 
terms  with  Germany.  Everywhere  there  is  the  demand  for  but 
one  thing — "unconditional  surrender."  Nobody  of  any  influ* 
ence,  so  far  as  we  have  heard,  has  intimated  that  we  are  ready 
to  negotiate  with  the  Him.  So  far  all  seems  safe.  In  all  this 
there  is  no  sign  of  peril. 

It  is  beneath  all  this  that  the  peril  lurks. 

Suppose,  in  answer  to  the  Allies'  scornful  rejection  of  the 
German  proposal  for  a  discussion  of  peace  terms,  Germany 
should  say,  "  Well,  since  you  will  not  discuss  it,  and  since  I 
want  the  slanghter  to  cease,  I  promise  to  surrender."  Suppose 
(iermany  sfaonld  send  del^;ate8,  consisting  of  so-called  German 
liberals,  to  some  point  where  they  could  meet  representativee  of 
the  Allied  Governments,  and  should  bid  these  delegates  to  say, 
"  We  throw  up  our  hands.  We  will  demobilize  our  army.  We 
will  submit  to  your  terms.  What  is  your  answer  ?"  If  that  should 
liappen,  then  the  real  peril  would  appear.  It  is  not  impossible 
that  under  such  circumstances  there  would  be  many  thousands 
in  the  Allied  countries  who  would  say,  "  We  have  won  our  vic- 
tory. Let  us  make  peace." 

\\1iat  Germany  might  do  Bulgaria  has  done  ;  and  there  are 
newspapers  that  are  saying  that  we  want  from  Germany  a  6nl> 
gfarian  capitulation.  Though,  to  our  discredit,  we  did  not  make 
war  upon  the  nation  in  the  Balkans  that  has  gloried  in  imitating 
the  Prussian,  our  people  have  hailed  the  surrender  of  Bulgaria 
u)  if  she  had  been  our  enemy.  It  has  even  been  said  that  by 
n'inaining  on  friendly  terms  with  those  who  have  raped  and 
>utrage<l  and  looted  ajid  devastated  Serbia  we  have  brought 
iltout  the  victory  over  Bulgaria,  as  if  the  brave  men,  the 
inc-onquerable  Serbians,  the  French,  the  British,  and  those 
't  reeks  who  kept  their  faith,  had,  by  splitting  the  Bulgarian 
irniy  in  two,  done  nothing.  We  have  no  reason  for  taking 
•re<lit  for  this  victory ;  but  we  have  very  good  reason  for  rejoio- 
ng  iu  it.  We  have  still  more  reason  for  being  on  our  guard 
i(raiiiHt  counting  it  as  a  precedent.  Bulgaria  has  not  yet  surren- 
l«*re«l.  She  has  promised  to  surrender,  and  she  is  in  process  of 
iiirreiidering.  Her  surrender  will  be  complete  and  satisfactory 
»ii)y  when  her  armies  are  demobilized  and  disarmed,  the  Aus- 
riana  and  Germans  and  Turks  that  are  in  her  territory  are  out 
»f  it,  and  the  Allies  are  in  control  of  her  Government.  Even 
hfu  lit-r  surrender  may  be  incomplete,  for  there  are  pro- 
i4-niiau  Bulgarians  who  must  be  rendered  powerless.  It  may 
lave  been  wise  for  the  military  authorities  oi  the  Allies  in  the 
talkans  to  accept  Bidgaria,"s  promise;  for  they  may  have 
iiovm  that  tlu'v  had  power  to  enforce  it.  But  to  take  the 
lulgfarian  promise  of  surrender  as  a  mo<lel  of  what  we  want 
r«>tn  Germany  is  to  incur  the  gravest  of  perils. 

VVe  do  not  want  wortls  from  Germany — not  even  wortls  of 
iirren«ler.  We  have  had  enough  of  Germany's  words.  When 
rrant  a<t*epte<l  and  returned  Lee's  sword,  he  was  dealing  with 


an  honorable  man.  We  mAst  not  lose  sight  of  the  fact  that  our 
foe  is  not  a  Lee,  but  is  the  Hun.  We  want  no  proposal  from  Ger- 
many, no  statement  of  terms,  no  promise  of  any  kmd  whatsoever. 
Germany  is  most  dangerous  when  she  cries,  "  Kamerad!"  She 
has  taught  her  soldiers  to  raise  their  hands  in  surrender,  and  then 
when  our  fire  is  withheld  to  shoot  from  pistols  hidden  in  the 
palms  of  their  hands.  What  she  has  taught  her  soldiers  to  do 
she  is  ready  to  do  herself.  We  want  no  cry  of  surrender ;  we 
want  action.  We  want  her  armies  withdrawn  from  occupied 
France,  from  Alsace  and  Lorraine,  from  Belgium  and  Luxem- 
burg, fi-om  Poland,  the  Ukraine,  Romania,  and  wherever  else 
they  have  gone  in  search  of  conquest.  We  want  her  to  put  her 
arms  and  her  munitions  into  the  jpossession  of  the  Allies.  We 
want  her  to  open  the  door  to  Berlm.  We  want  her,  not  to  say 
that  she  will  do  these  things,  but  we  want  her  to  do  them.  The 
world  will  not  be  ''  safe  for  democracy  "  until  Germany  is  put 
under  a  g^rdian.  The  victory  will  not  be  won  until  the  lands 
she  has  occupied  are  evacuated,  her  military  forces  and  instru- 
ments are  in  possession  of  the  free  peoples  of  the  world,  her 
leaders  are  in  the  custody  of  those  they  have  tried  to  subjugate, 
and  her  whole  land  is  puiced  under  a  receivership.  It  wiU  be 
better  for  her  if  she  proceeds  to  see  that  these  things  are  done 
voluntarily,  for  there  is  no  other  way  by  which  she  can  obtain 
mercy.  If  she  does  not  do  this  of  her  own  accord,  she  must  be 
made  to  do  it.  Then,  whether  Germany  volimtarily  surrenders 
or  not,  the  "  peace  conference  "  will  be  one  attende<l  only  by 
representatives  of  the  Allies,  and  the  terms  it  will  reach  will  be 
those  it  dictates. 


THE    Y.  M.  C.  A.    REINTERPRETS 
RELIGION 

If  a  hundred  years  hence  a  scholar  shall  write  a  history  of 
religion  with  particular  reference  to  the  latter  half  of  the  nine- 
teenth century,  he  will  probably  characterize  that  period  as  the 
renascence  of  social  service.  He  will  note  tihat  the  roots  of  the 
movement  were  in  Kingaley  and  Maurice,  bat  that  the  early 
efforts  were  confused  and  uncertain — chiefly  adventures  through 
settlement  houses  in  slums,  institutional  churches,  the  introduc- 
tion of  psychology  and  sociology  into  theological  seminaries, 
and  all  lunds  of  abortive  and  conflicting  campaigns  to  aI>olish 
the  sale  of  intoxicating  liquors.  He  wifl  also  tell  of  the  rise  of 
the  Young  Men's  Christian  Association  as  a  potential  organiza- 
tion which  never  really  found  itself  until  the  outbreak  of  the 
war  for  democracy,  or  the  People's  War.  His  studies  will  be 
concluded  with  the  statement  that  the  years  1860-1900  formed 
a  threshold  period,  in  which  there  was  an  almost  imperceptible 
diminishing  of  dogmatic  and  sectarian  emphasis,  leading  up  to 
the  period  of  1900-1950,  in  which  all  the  churches,  by  tacit 
consent,  foimd  their  way  back  to  Christ's  dominating  tiioug^ht 
of  the  kingdom  of  God  on  earth  and  united  their  vitu  energies 
to  a  realization  of  that  ideal. 

Religious  manifestAtions  are  almost  entirely  a  matter  of 
emphasis ;  fundamental  ideas  rarely  change.  And  there  is 
more  than  sufficient  in  the  life  of  Jesus  Christ  to  warrant  the 
application  of  relign!oa  to  almost  every  phase  of  social  and 
industrial  activity.  No  better  example  of  the  new  emphasis  can 
be  found  than  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  If  studied  as  an  example  of  the 
reinterpretation  of  religion,  that  organization  must  yield  very 
fruitful  results. 

Bom  in  the  vears  when  church  life  was  emphatically  evan- 
gelical, the  Y.  AI.  C.  a.  was  at  first  a  mere  echo  of  prevailing 
belief,  with  a  few  mild  social  features  to  make  it  more  attractive 
to  young  men.  Slowly  those  social  features  expanded  until  they 
l>ecame  educational  and  economic  factors  in  many  communities. 
The  local  Y.  M.  C.  A.  grew  into  a  club,  an  athletic  asso(>iation, 
a  combination  of  school  and  college,  a  playhouse,  an  exi>eriment 
in  housing,  a  laboratory,  and  a  clinic  where  prevailing  ideas 
were  examined  and  applied.  But  the  Y.  M.  0.  A.  still  rested 
upon  a  rather  narrow  religious  foundation — the  evangelical 
test  No  one  can  doubt  that  the  aggregate  good  accoraplishe«l 
by  the  Wal  associations  was  very  considerable,  i)articularly  in 
strengthening  tlie  character  and  increasing  tlie  industrial  efii- 
ciency  of  vast  numljers  of  boys  and  men. 

The  People's  War  put  every  belief,  habit,  institution,  and 


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16  October 


organization  into  the  crucible ;  many  have  been  melted  utterly, 
Bome  have  been  chang^  almc>st  beyond  recognition,  a  few  have 
come  forth  strengthened  and  enriched.  In  the  first  three  years 
of  the  struggle,  while  the  United  States  was  masquerading  in  a 
most  uncomfortable  and  non-moral  neutrality,  the  Y.  M.  C  A. 
concentrated  its  work  upon  the  prison  camps  of  Europe,  in  which 
it  rendered  a  service  since  obscured  by  its  audacious  enterprises 
for  our  American  troops.  Experiments  in  the  Spanish- American 
and  RussoJapanese  Wars  had  given  the  Association  the  clue — 
hardly  more  than  that.  In  scores  of  camps,  cantonments,  train- 
ing stations,  and  posts  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  began  to  serve  the  sol- 
diere  and  sailors  upon  an  unparalleled  scale.  In  its  huts  men  found 
a  link  with  the  civil  life  from  which  they  had  been  torn,  and 
thus  military  training  was  robbed  of  its  power  to  militarize  the 
normal  man.  The  Y.  M.  C.  A.  was  bent  upon  preserving  the 
full  humanity  of  the  citizen  while  at  the  same  time  increasing 
his  efiBciency  aa  a  soldier.  The  success  was  beyond  dispute,  and 
is  still  increasing. 

When  oup  troops  began  to  move  overseas,  the  Y.  M.  C.  A. 
endeavored  never  to  lose  contact  with  them.  Its  secretaries 
accompanied  them  on  the  troop  trains,  braved  the  ocean  with 
them  on  the  transports,  met  them  on  the  docks  at  the  ports  of 
debarkation,  furnished  large  huts  and  canteens  for  them  in  the 
camps  at  the  back  of  the  Imes,  opened  hotels  and  dubs  for  offi- 
cers and  enlisted  men  in  the  large  cities,  marched  and  messed 
and  slept  with  them  in  the  trenches  and  on  the  field  of  battle, 
took  over  the  work  of  running  the  holiday  areas  for  men  on 
leave,  opened  thousands  of  canteens  or  village  stores  in  such 
places  as  American  units  might  be  found,  provided  all  the 
writing  facilities  and  material  by  means  of  which  a  million  or 
more  letters  are  sent  home  every  week,  arranged  for  constant 
entertainment  of  a  wholesome  but  popular  kind  and  thus 
shielded  the  Army  from  gross  temptation  by  the  law  of  legiti- 
mate preoccupation,  instituted  an  educational  system  which 
ranged  all  the  way  from  kindergarten  classes  for  illiterates  to 
poet-graduate  studies  for  university  graduates,  became  banker 
and  broker  for  constantly  moving  troops  in  a  strange  land,  found 
or  created  all  the  necessary  implements  of  sport  for  the  star 
tiouary  units,  sent  throughout  France  hundreds  6f  the  most 
distinguished  preachers,  lecturers,  and  actors  of  America — these 
and  a  hundred  other  things  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  is  doing  for  our 
men  in  foreign  service,  not  only  in  France  but  in  England, 
Italy,  and  Russia.  It  is  applied  religion — the  religion  of  friend- 
ship^ of  helpfulness,  of  sympathy,  of  comradeship — upon  a  scale 
so  vast  that  it  is  staggering,  among  conditions  so  changeful  that 
they  are  bewildering,  and  with  thought  of  self-glory  or  self- 
reward  so  unnoticeable  that  it  is  divine. 

There  are  branches  or  outreachings  of  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  which 
lie  far  beyond  the  ken  of  the  ordinary  man,  but  which  have  a 
military  and  international  significance  that  only  years  of  careful 
observation  and  patient  study  will  be  able  to  appraise.  The 
millions  of  dollars  spent  in  delicate  and  skillful  service  among 
the  French  and  Italian  troops,  the  liberal  financial  help  ren- 
dered to  the  overwhelmed  British  Y.  M.  C.  A.,  the  far-flung 
outposts  of  Y.  M.  C  A.  unselfishness  in  Mesopotamia,  Mace- 
donia, Palestine,  Albania,  and  Belgium — these  are  woven  into 
the  morale  of  the  fighting  units  and  the  civilian  populations  of 
a  dozen  of  our  allies,  and  must  be  a  part,  a  vital  and  indispen- 
sable part,  of  the  story  of  the  winning  of  the  People's  War. 

Doubtless  there  have  been  mistakes  enough ;  any  eye-witness 
can  point  out  flaws  of  administration,  faulty  execution,  mistaken 
direction,  and  deficiencies  in  human  and  material  equipment ; 
nevertheless  it  remains  true  and  beyond  cavil  that  the  i .  M.  C.  A. 
is  rendering  a  service  of  the  utmost  importance  and  in  a  manner 
worthy  of  unstinted  praise.  Our  soldiers,  and  those  of  nearly 
all  the  Allies,  fight  more  valiantly  because  the  Y.  M.  C.  A. 
ministers  to  their  multitudinous  needs,  and  those  soldiers  will 
return  to  their  homes  and  loved  ones  and  to  their  civil  pursuits 
much  stronger  and  cleaner  men  in  body,  mind,  and  soul  because 
of  the  comradeship  of  the  Y.  M.  C.  A. 

Words  similar  m  kind  may  also  be  written  concerning  the 
efforts  of  the  Knights  of  Columbus,  the  Young  Women's  Chris- 
tian Association,  and  the  Salvation  Army ;  these  differ  from  the 
Y.  M.  C.  A.  not  in  spirit  but  in  extent  and  in  the  type  of  service 
i-endered.  They  are  all  a  reinterpretation  of  religion  and  are 
among  the  outstanding  spiritual  phenomena  of  the  age. 


THE    COMING   CONGRESSIONAL 
ELECTION 

The  victory  which  Germany  cannot  win  by  her  soldiers  she  is 
endeavoring  to  win  by  her  politicians.  "  You  believe,"  she  seems 
to  say,  "t&t  this  war  is  between  democracy  and  autociw^. 
Very  well.  We  will  accept  democracy ;  then  the  war  must  cease." 

T\1iat  is  taking  place  behind  the  scenes  we  do  not  know.  The 
reports  which  the  newspapers  publish  are  not  news — they  are 
feelers.  The  German  Emperor  has  invited  a  Socialist  into 
his  Cabinet,  and  the  Austrian  Emperor,  it  is  said,  proposes  tn 
constitute  a  coalition  Cabinet  representing  all  dassea  in  tL^ 
Empire.   These  proposals  should  not  deceive  us. 

There  is  not  the  slightest  indication  that  the  autocratic  mleis 
of  either  Germany  or  Austria  have  experienced  any  change  of 
heart.  They  are  autocrats  still.  There  is  not  the  slightest  indi- 
cation that  the  people  either  of  Germany  or  Austria  or  Hungan 
are  lovers  of  liberty.  For  the  love  of  liberty  is  not  merely  tbi- 
desire  of  A  to  enjoy  freedom  from  control  by  B.  It  is  also  tin; 
desire  of  A  not  to  exercise  control  over  B.  The  Bolsheviki  haw 
no  desire  for  political  liberty ;  what  they  desire  is  politivai 
power.  The  Magyars  do  not  love  liberty  ;  they  love  to  exercise 
authority  over  other  races.  A  people  who  desired  liberty  for 
themselves  and  for  their  fellow-men  and  who  were  willing  to 
sacrifice  in  order  to  secure  liberty  for  themselves  and  ^eir 
fellow-men  never  could  have  been  made  the  tools  of  the  barba- 
rian autocrats  in  the  campaigns  waged  against  Belgium  and 
northern  France. 

The  proposed  changes  in  government  with  which  the  authoti- 
ties  in  Germany  and  Austria-Himgary  are  playing  are  merelr 
sham  changes.  But  if  they  were  real  no  real  change  in  govern- 
ment would  make  either  Germany  or  Austria-Hungary  a  demo^ 
racy.  Democracy  means  the  rule  of  the  common  people— it 
means  co-operation  in  the  administration  of  the  state.  It  meaa< 
mutual  interest  and  mutual  re8})ect.  It  means  regard  for  oo<- 
another's  rights,  interest  in  one  another's  welfare,  respect  for  one 
another's  opinions.  It  means  a  free  forum  where  ideas  and  ideak 
are  interchanged,  where  men  are  eager  to  get  as  well  as  to  give, 
where  underlying  all  the  intellectual  marketing  there  is  nid 
that  a  common  judgment  can  be  obtained  and  a  common  will 
can  be  formed.  It  is  government  by  public  opinion.  BoLshevisni 
is  as  hostile  to  democracy  as  is  Czarism.  Neither  of  these  is 
government  by  the  people  for  the  people.  Both  of  them  are 
government  by  a  class  and  for  a  class. 

It  would  be  difficult  to  define  to-day  the  character  of  the  «ai 
of  the  last  four  years  in  language  more  luminously  exact  than 
that  employed  by  Edmund  Burke  in  his  "  Letters  on  a  Regi- 
cide Peace :" 

We  are  in  a  war  of  peculiar  nature.  It  is  not  with  an  ordinary 
conununity,  which  is  hostile  or  friendly  as  passion  or  as  interest 
may  veer  about;  not  with  a  state  wnich  makes  war  throngli 
wantonness  and  abandons  it  through  lassitude.  We  are  at  war 
with  a  system  which,  by  its  essence,  is  inimical  to  all  other  gov- 
ernments, and  which  makes  peace  or  war  as  peace  and  war  maj 
best  contribute  to  their  subversion.  It  is  with  an  armed  doctrine 
that  we  are  at  war. 

We  are  at  war  wiUi  a  system  ipfiich  maJees  peace  or  toar  <" 
peace  and  war  may  best  contribute  to  its  end.  In  its  proffer 
of  peace  there  is  as  much  peril  to  liberty  and  justice  as  in  iu 
cannon,  its  poison  gases,  its  submarines.  Our  soldiers  are  met- 
ing its  armed  men  on  the  field  of  battle  in  Europe.  It  is  fur  m 
Americans  to  meet  it  on  the  not  less  perilous  field  of  politics  a 
our  Congressional  elections  in  November. 

For  the  Congress  to  be  then  elected,  the  Sixty-sixth,  wit 
doubtless  be  called  by  the  President  to  meet  next  March,  follow- 
ing the  last  regular  session  of  the  Sixty-fifth  Congress,  whid 
meets  in  Deceml)er  of  this  year.  It  will  very  probably  have  a  large 
if  not  a  controlling  influence  in  deciding  the  terms  of  pea<v- 
There  will  be  pacifists  weary  of  war  and  ready  to  make  {wan 
on  almost  any  terms.  There  will  be  pro-Germans  whose  pro-Ger- 
manism will  take  the  form  of  pity  for  a  defeated  foe.  Th«>r» 
will  be  men  eager  to  get  back  to  their  money-makine  business 
of  life,  which  they  will  call  the  normal  business  of  life.  TTiep- 
will  be  doctrinaires  who  will  object  to  any  interference  witt 
the  local  admiulBtration  of  a  state,  and  who  will  want  to  treat 
Germany  as  a  civilized  state  which  must  not  be  interfered  with. 


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249 


There  will  be  men  with  short  memories  who  have  already  for- 
gotten the  unspeakable  crimes  committed  by  the  Hun  in  Bel- 
einm,  France,  and  Serbia.  The  Congpress  which  we  elect  in 
November  may  have  to  deal  with  these  unintentional  allies  of 
the  brigands,  whose  folly  might  easily  do  much  to  nullify  the 
sacrifices  of  our  soldiers  in  the  field.  And  loyal  Americans 
ought  to  see  to  it  that  no  representatives  of  pro-Germanism, 
pacifism,  doctrinairism,  Bolshevism,  get  into  Congress  through 
their  fault  or  their  folly.  In  our  vote  in  November  we  should 
be  inspired  by  the  high  resolve  that  our  dead  on  the  foreign 
fields  of  war  shall  not  have  died  in  vain. 

But  the  next  Congress  may  not  only  have  to  exercise  quasi- 
judicial  functions  by  uniting  with  other  nations  in  meting  out 
jiLstice  to  Crermany  when  she  comes  before  the  bar  of  the  nations 
to  be  tried  for  the  crimes  which  she  has  perpetrated  against  the 
civilized  peoples  of  the  world.  It  will  have  to  exercise  quasi- 
constitution^  f imctions  in  determining  what  shall  be  the  future 
relations  between  the  Government  of  the  United  States  and  the 
organized  industries  on  which  the  life  of  our  people  depends.  It 
is  doubtful  whether  ever  in  the  history  of  the  world  has  so  great 
and  so  sudden  a  revolution  been  wrought  in  the  life  of  any  peo- 
ple, except  possibly  that  of  the  French  Revolution,  as  has  been 
wrought  in  the  last  two  years  iff  the  life  of  the  people  of  the 
Unite<l  States.  From  being  a  purely  individualistic  democracy, 
America  has  been  transformed  into  a  Socialistic  state.  Is  this 
transformation  permanent  or  temporary,  or  in  part  permanent 
and  in  part  temporary  ?  Shall  we  at  the  end  of  the  war  resiune 
our  old-time  habit  of  untrammeled  industrial  freedom,  or  shall 
we  leave  such  industries  as  the  railway,  the  tel^fraph^  coal- 
mining, and.  the  like  under  the  control  of  the  Governments  or, 
finally,  shall  we  retiuii  them  to  the  original  owners,,  but  subject 
to  regulation  by  the  Goveriimeht?  Even  if  Congress  complies 
with  the  implied  request  of  the  President,  and  authorizes  the 
(creation  of  a  c(Hnmiasion-to-  be  appointed  by  the  President  to 
initiate  legislation  on  this  subject,  it  cannot,  if  it  would,  delegate 
the  power  to  legislate-.  The  responsibility  for  legislation  rests 
upon  Congress  and  cannot  be  delegated. 

It  is  doubtful  whether  any  Congress,  even  that  which  imme- 
diately fcdlowed  the  Civil  War,  has  had  as  great  a  responsibility 
as  will  be  placed  upon  the  Congress  to  be  elected  in  November. 
It  will  be  wdl  if  the  Nation  could  call  on  the  very  best  men  in 
the  country  for  this  great  service.  Little  men^  partisan  men, 
provincial  men,  have  no  place  in  such  a  Congress.  During  the 
war  it  was  well  to  back  up  the  President  whether  his  policy  was 
all  that  could  be  desired  or  not,  for  he  was  our  Conunander-in- 
Chief,  and  it  was  under  his  leadership  that  the  war  must  be 
won. .  But  with  the  end  of  the  war  "Follow  your  Leader  "  ceases 
to  lie  a  worthy  slogan.  We  need  in  the  next  Congress  men  of 
independent  judgment,  of  a  large  horizon,  of  open  minds ;  men 
who  will  be  counselors  of  their  party,  not  merely  privates ; 
men  who  will  neither  be  enamored  of  novelty  nor  afraid  of  it ; 
men  whose  faces  will  be  turned  toward  the  future,  but  who  will 
believe  in  that  fundamental  postulate  of  all  true  political  reform, 
that  the  future  grows  out  of  the  past,  is  not  separated  from  it. 

The  next  Congress  will  have  no  power  to  change  the  written 
C-onstitntion,  but  it  will  have  power  to  make  changes  in  the 
National  habit  of  life  such  as  will  have  aQ  the  effect  of  a  change 
in  the  Constitution.  The  voter  in  November  should  ask  him- 
self respecting  any  Congressional  candidate,  not.  Is  he  a  Repub- 
lican or  a  Democrat  ?  Is  he  for  or  against  National  prohibition, 
or  wonum  suffrage?  but,  Is  he  the  man  whom  I  wish  to  repre- 
sent me  in  the  National  Congress  in  the  most  critical  hour  in  the 
Nation's  history! 


CONCERNING  GEOGRAPHY  AND 
THE  CONTENTED  HEART 

The  Happy  Eremite,  putting  the  finishing  touches  to  his 
attiring  in  the  soft  autumn  dawn,  was  day-dreaming. 

"  Next  summer,  if  all  goes  well,"  he  said  to  himself,  "  we'll 
go  to  the  shack  on  the  South  Shore.  It's  cheap  and  it's  no  bother 
to  run,  and,  my  Lonl !  but  it'll  be  wonderful  to  have  the  Atlantic 
at  one's  front  door  again.  If  I  were  down  there  now,  I  wouldn't 
be  dressing  up  like  this  in  the  cold  gray  dawn.  I'd  be  throwing 
a  sweater  over  my  pajamas  and  numing  up  the  beach,  splashing 


in  the  foam  as  it  darted  up  the  sand,  running  into  the  sunrise, 
always  keeping  a  weather-eye  open  for  the  romantic  possibilities 
of  the  driftwood,  never  altogether  sure  that  some  wonderful, 
strange  thing  might  not  come  floating  in,  some  valuable  bit  of 
treasure-trove,  or  a  spar  of  some  torpedoed  ship,  or  a  bottle  with 
a  message  in  it..  Yes,  next  summer  certainly,  if  we  can,  we  must 
go  to  the  shack  on  the  dunes." 

He  mused  over  the  plan  as  he  had  mused  over  it  in  other 
autumns  when  there  was  less  chance  than  now  of  its  fulfillment. 
But  it  did  not  thrill  him  as  it  had  thrilled  him  in  the  past.  He 
was  vaguely  disappointed. 

"  The  trouble  is,  old  man,"  he  said  to  himself,  "  that  you  have 
actually  spent  a  siunmer  chasing  the  simrise  in  your  pajamas, 
and  you  know  that,  attractive  sport  as  it  is,  its  charm  wears  off. 
Too  bad,  but  you  are  disillusioned  about  the  raptures  of  the 
shack  on  the  South  Shore." 

He  nodded  assent  to  his  face  in  the  mirror.  "That's  it. 
Wordsworth  was  everlastingly  right.  If  you  want  to  keep  your 
vision  of  Yarrow,  you  should  never  allow  yourself  to  be  trapped 
into  going  there. 

" '  Be  Yarrow  stream  unseen,,  unknown ! 
It  must  or  we  shall  me  it : 
We  have  a  vision  of  our  own, 
Ah!  why  should  we  undo  it? 
The  treasured  dreams  of  times  long  past, 
Well  keep  them,  winsome  Marrow ! 
For  when  we're  there,  although  'tis  fair, 
"Twilfbe  another  Yarrow !' 

"  Nature,  it  seems,  is  on  foot,  and  the  dreams  of  man  are  on 
horseback — that  is  the  secret  of  disillusionment." 

He  adjusted  his  necktie. 

"  Well,"  he  mused  cheerfully,  "  the  shack  on  the  dunes  isn't 
the  last  place  in  the  world  by  any  means.  We  can  always  rent 
the  shack.  Well  go  to  Martha's  Vineyard  or  to  Nova  Scotia. 
I  think  I'd  rather  it  were  Nova  Scotia.  I  like  the  things  people 
say  of  the  dark  woods  there,  and  the  seas  breaking  on  black, 
rocky  coasts,  and  the  queer,  crabbed  fisher  folk,  and  the  sim- 
plicity of  life.  We'll  plan  for  Nova  Scotia." 

H&had  planned  for  Nova  Scotia  before,  and  the  planning  luul 
always  kindled  his  heart  to  a  sense  of  romantic  adventure.  But 
now  it  kindled  him  not  at  all  Before  his  imagination  Nova 
Scotia  lay  outstretehed  in  all  its  fabled  loveliness,  but  he  felt 
no  thrill.  Gradually  an  emotion  of  another  sort  took  possession 
of  his  being. 

"  Old  man,"  he  sud  to  his  reflection,  "  you  are  growing 
middle-aged." 

There  was  no  question  about  it.  He  could  not  dodge  the  fact 
that  he  had  lost  youth's  infinite  capacity  to  glorify  the  thing 
unseen,  the  valley  on  the  other  side  of  the  hil^  the  bubble  just 
beyond  the  touch  of  the  -outstretehed  hand.  He  had  kept  it 
longer  than  most  people,  for  he  was  an  incurable  optimist ;  but 
it  was  gone  now,  worn  out  and  killed  at  last,  like  some  elfin- 
wife  by  the  dull,  prosaic  bickerings  of  her  husband  Experience. 
The  reason  Nova  Scotia  failed  to  thrill  was  that  he  knew  that 
after  a  week  or  two  weeks,  or,  if  the  magic  were  potent,  three, 
the  inevitable  facts  of  living  would  b^n  to  stick  their  heads 
up  through  the  glamour  like  blackbirds  through  the  king's  pie- 
crust. It  would  be  Romance  and  the  Chores  of  Life  weighed  in  the 
scales  against  each  other,  with  the  Chores  feather-light,  but  day 
by  day  sinking  nearer  and  nearer  to  a  balance  with  Romance, 
then  balancing,  then  sinking  again,  until  Romance  was  feather- 
light  and  all  the  weight  lay  with  the  Chores. 

"  You  are  getting  old,"  said  the  Happy  Eremite  to  his  reflec- 
tion, as  he  brushed  his  Itair.  "  When  a  man  loses  his  faith  in 
the  permanence  of  the  impermanent  he  has  lost  his  youth." 

He  went  out  into  the  gray-green  September  world  of  mists 
and  dew.  The  leaves,  the  lawn,  the  white  ducks  on  the  black 
pond,  were  silent  as  a  dream. 

"  What  have  I  lost?"  he  muse<l.  "  I  have  lost  the  faith  that 
places  can  of  themselves  give  happiness,  that  woods  and  break- 
ers and  wide  stretehes  of  sea  ami  land  can  bring  lasting  pleasure 
to  the  spirit  or  even  to  the  eyes.  I  have  lost  the  consolation,  in 
eiiiiiii  or  distress,  that  change  of  scene  can  of  itself  convert 
emptiness  into  fullness  or  pain  into  joy.  I  have  lost  the  golden 
comfort  of  reckless  youth,  the  belief  that  one  can  get  something 
for  nothing,  a  regilding  of  the  dome  of  life  for  the  cost  of  a 


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THE   OUTLOOK 


16  October 


railway  iacket.  In  other  words,  I  have  broken  my  opium-pipe." 
And  the  Happy  Eremite  stood  still  under  the  white  sky. 

"  A  loss  ?  He  threw  back  his  head.  '^  That  isn't  a  loss. 
That's  a  gain.  What  I  have  lost  was  an  illusion,  a  ray  of  light 
that  seemed  to  be  a  sunbeam  and  was  only  the  dazzle  of  a 
broken  mirror  flashed  in  my  eyes  by  the  imps  of  Mischief,  a 
device  of  the  Devil  to  bewilder  wayfarers.  ^\  hat  I  have  grained 
is  the  knowledge  that  there  is  no  space  between  man  and  his 
happiness.  I  have  learned  that  I  might  as  well  henceforth  saye 
the  railway  fare  I  have  lieen  accustomed  to  spend  traveling  in 
search  of  something  that  has  no  relation  whatever  to  geog- 


raphy. Happiness,  it  seems,  is  a  point  of  view.  We  are  happy 
anywhere,  or  we  are  happy  nowhere.  If  that  discovery  meau» 
disillusionment  and  the  passing  of  a  man's  youth,  why,  so  be  it, 
and  God  bless  middle-age." 

He  laaghed  suddenly. 

"  By  devious  ways,"  he  murmured, "  I  seem  to  have  arrived 
at  a  very  ancient  platitude :  *  The  kingdom  of  God  oometh  not 
with  observation  :  neither  shall  they  say,  Lo  here!  or,lo  there! 
for,  behold,  the  kingdom  of  God  is  within  you.' 

"  Lord,  how  much  pain  it  takes,"  said  the  Happy  Eremite. 
'*  to  convince  us  of  the  truth  of  a  platitude  1" 


WANTED-A  BOOK  FOR  EVERY  MAN  "OVER  THERE" 


AN   INTERVIEW   WITH   AN   OVERSEAS   DESPATCH   AGENT,   BY 
H.   H.  MOORE,   OF   THE   OUTLOOK    STAFF 


'W 


'E  have  sent  about  seven  himdred  thousand  books  to 
our  men  overseas.  We  need  a  million  more  to  supply 
every  man  with  a  good  book  to  read  in  his  leisure 
time." 

The  speaker's  words  were  emphatic.  Then,  relaxing,  with 
an  engaging  smile,  he  leaned  back  against  the  bar  of  his  book 
saloon. 

"  Yes,"  he  said,  '*  I  call  tihis  my  book  saloon.  It  is  the  fourth 
lK>er  saloon  we  have  taken  over  and  devoted  to  a  better  busi- 
ness." 

The  place  had  indeed  been  a  cheap  liquor  saloon,  and  the 
long,  battered  bar,  with  its  well-worn  foot-rail,  was  still  in  evi- 
dence amid  the  piles  of  books.  There  had  been  as  yet  no  time 
to  remove  it.  Why  the  American  Library  Association  had 
chosen  to  house  itself  in  these  erstwhile  saloons  I  did  not  par- 
ticularly inquire,  but  rumor  has  it  that  Hoboken,  New  Jersey, 
tiie  scene  of  these  activities,  has  long  been  over-supplied  with 
saloons,  especially  by  the  water-front,  and  that  military  r^pila- 
tions  forced  some  of  them  out  of  business,  with  resulting  benefit 
to  literature. 

Here,  then,  to  these  book  saloons  come  from  all  over  the 
United  States  books  and  m^azines  that  are  to  go  overseas  to 
our  soldiers  and  sailors.  The  scene  is  an  interesting  one.  In 
one  room  porters  were  busily  engaged  in  nailing  up  the  boxes 
of  books  t&it  are  to  entertain  and  uistruct  our  men  overseas. 

"  How  do  you  get  these  books  ?"  I  asked. 

"  In  two  ways, '  answered  my  informant,  who,  let  me  say, 
was  the  Association's  Despatch  Agent,  Mr.  Asa  Don  Dickinson, 
well  known  as  a  librarian  and  an  authority  on  matters  connected 
with  books.  "  We  have  a  fund,  or  what  is  left  of  it,  raised  a 
year  or  so  ago.  With  this  we  buy  new  books." 

''  What  new  book  is  the  most  popular  among  the  soldiers  ?" 
I  asked. 

"  This  one  " — pointing  to  a  small  volume  bound  in  boards. 
It  was  the  "  Non-Commissioned  OfiBcers|  Manual,"  by  Colonel 
James  A.  Moss.  A  great  many  ambitious  men  in  the  ranks,  it 
was  explained,  want  this  book  for  the  information  it  gives 
about  getting  up  higher. 

"Doesn't  the  Government  furnish  the  soldiers  with  any  books 
about  their  duties  ?"  I  asked. 

"  No  ;  the  Government  trains  the  men  ;  it  leaves  them  to  get 
their  own  books,"  was  the  reply.  "  Other  books  in  demand  are 
helps  toward  learning  French  ;  manuals  of  instruction  about 
machine  gimnery  ;  books  about  submarines,  altout  automobiles, 
al)out  electincity,  and  so  on.  Some  of  these  are  expensive,  but 
we  have  to  buy  them." 

"Do  the  publishers  treat  you  fairly  when  you  buy  these 
luwks?" 

"  More  than  fairly.  Tliey  sell  them  to  us  in  most  cases  at 
cost.  And  the  booksellers  treat  us  fairly  too." 

"  What  dealings  do  you  have  with  booksellers  ?" 

"  Well,  that  question  brings  me  to  our  second  source  of  sup- 
ply. From  all  over  the  country  we  receive  donations  of  old 
Injoks.  Most  of  our  books  come  to  us  in  this  way.  People  leave 
their  gifts  at  their  local  libraries,  and  they  are  forwarded  to 


us  free  of  freight.  Then  we  have  to  sort  them  out  Some  of 
the  books  are  too  bulky  for  circulation.  These  we  dispose  of  to 
the  booksellers  and  buy  others.  Then,  again,  we  get  some 
'  first  editions.'  It's  a  curious  fact  that  there  is  a  craze  just  now 
among  collectors  for  first  editions  of  O.  Henry's  stories.  The 
other  day  I  sold  one  of  these  books,  that  some  one  sent  in,  for 
thirty  dollars  I  With  that  I  could  buy  a  whole  lot  of  copies  of 
the  later  editions  of  Henry's  stories.' 

"  What  kind  of  books  do  our  men  want  besides  those  yoD 
have  named  ?"  I  asked. 

"  Good  fiction — stirring  stories  of  adventure.  They  want  to 
be  amused.  A  certain  proportion  of  the  men  are  studious  and 
want  serious  books,  but  the  majority  require  amusing  fictioo 
that  will  take  them  out  of  their  surroundings,  especiaUy  when 
they  are  in  hospitals.  What  kind  of  fiction  ?  Well,  ihere  u  a 
great  demand  for  stories  hy  Zane  Grey,  by  Jack  London,  and 
by  Rex  Beach.  Do  we  receive  many  of  these  ?  Yes ;  and  most 
of  the  fiction  sent  to  us  is  of  the  better  class.  You  can  look 
over  a  box  and  see  for  yourself." 

I  glanced  over  the  tities  of  the  top  layer  in  a  box.  Theie 
boxes,  by  the  way,  are  strong  and  well  made,  and  so  ingeni- 
ously constructed  that  after  opening  them  they  may  be  placed 
on  end  and  used  as  a  book  shelf  or  shelves — a  sort  of  portable 
library.  The  titles  I  read  were  these : 

Rupert  of  Hentzau,  by  Anthony  Hope;  The  Last  of  the 
Mohicans,  by  Cooper;  Tom  Brown  at  Oxford,  by  TlioniM 
Hughes ;  The  Circular  Staircase,  by  Mary  Roberts  Rinehart ; 
Blftck  Rock,  bv  Ralph  Connor ;  The  Inside  of  the  Cup,  bj 
Winston  Chorchill ;  A  Study  in  Scarlet,  by  Doyle ;  Fonr  Mill- 
ions, by  0.  Hennr ;  The  Way  of  a  Man,  by  Hoogn ;  Going  Some, 
by  Rex  Beach ;  Betrayal,  by  Oppenheim ;  His  Grace  of  OsnMtnde, 
by  Frances  H.  Burnett. 

A  pretty  good  selection,  I  thought. 

"  Western  stories,  detective  stories,  novels  of  adventure— 
these  are  what  we  want,  and  we  can't  have  too  many  of  them. 
I  could  trade  a  lot  of  otjier  books  for  ones  like  these." 

"  What  books  would  you  trade  ?"  I  inquired. 

"  What  book  do  you  think  comes  to  us  in  greatest  number  r 
asked  Mr.  Dickinson  in  turn.  "  I  defy  you  to  guess." 

"  Robinson  Crusoe  ?"  I  hazarded. 

"  No.  We  get  more  copies  of  '  Lucile,'  by  Owen  MereditL 
than  anjrthing  else.  I  send  out  some  of  them,  but  the  soldien>' 
appetite  for  that  sort  of  thing  is  soon  satisfied." 

"  How  do  the  books  get  to  the  men  ?"  I  asked. 

"  Some  hoxea  go  direct  to  Paris  and  are  distributed  by  the 
Y.  M.  C.  A.,  die  Red  Cros-s,  the  Salvation  Army,  or  oth« 
agencies,  or  are  directly  forwarde<l  to  our  soldiers  by  Mr.  Steven- 
son, our  representative  over  there,"  wa«  the  answer.  "  Some  boxw 
are  used  to  entertain  the  men  on  board  the  transports.  Th«»<* 
shijis  are  crowded  and  the  men  are  keen  for  books.  We  try  t» 
give  a  box  to  each  unit  on  board — maybe  ten  boxes  in  all.  or 
more.  Some  boxes  don't  get  to  Paris.  The  other  day  a  man 
just  returned  in  a  transport  came  in  here  and  apolog;ized  to  me 
for  failing  to  get  some  boxes  I  had  intrusted  to  him  through  t<> 
their  destination.  He  said :  '  I  happened  to  stop  for  an  hom^  at 


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a  town  where  there  was  a  hospital  for  our  men.  The  patients 
were  gloomy.  They  were  woundetl  and  homesick.  I  said  to 
niyseu,  I'll  get  them  one  of  your  boxes  of  books.  You  should 
liave  seen  those  poor  fellows  when  I  brought  the  books  to  them. 
A  shout  went  up  that  could  have  been  heard  a  block.  *'  Boys ! 
here  are  a  lot  of  books  from  home !  Glory !"  they  exclaimed. 
My  eyes  got  moist,  the  boys  were  so  grateful — it  almost  seemed 
to  them  like  getting  letters  from  home.' 

"*  Another  place  where  these  books  do  good,"  Mr.  Dickinson 
went  on,  "is  in  the  transports  coming  back  with  wounded 
men.  A  Y.  M.  C.  A.  man  told  me  this :  He  saw  a  man  on  one 
of  these  ships  who  wouldn't  talk.  He  had  lost  his  right  hand. 
The  Y  man  asked  him  if  he  would  like  a  book  to  read.  *  Mo.' 
The  questioner  wasn't  discouraged ;  he  brought  the  soldier  a 
book  on  automobiles.  *  No,  he  £dn't  want  to  read  that,'  wav- 
ing his  stump ;  he  couldn't  steer  without  a  hand.'  The  man 
brought  a  book  on  electricity ;  no  response.  Then  he  brought  a 
'  Complete  Letter- Writer,'  and  said :  '  You'll  expect  to  do 
some  kind  of  work  at  home  ;  why  not  learn  to  write?'  'How 
can  I  write  with  my  hand  eone?'  growled  the  man.  '  Learn  to 
write  with  your  left  hand,  was  uie  encouraging  reply ;  '  and 
if  you'll  try,  I  will  too,  and  we  will  both  Team  together  to 
write  with  our  left  hands.'  Soon  some  other  men  who  had  lost 
their  right  arms  were  found,  and  an  eager  daas  was  formed  by 


the  enthusiastic  teacher,  with  the  '  Complete  Letter-Writer  ' 
as  text-book. 

"  You  can't  tell  how  much  good  your  book  may  do,"  went  on 
Mr.  Dickinson.  "  On  another  ship  a  man  was  suffering  from 
shell-shock.  He  was  very  dejected,  and  kept  moving  his  hands 
in  an  aimless  way.  A  ship  librarian  thought  he  might  be  inter- 
ested ui  a  book.  Selecting  one  at  random,  he  offered  it  to  the 
man.  He  opened  it  listlessly,  then  suddenly  looked  intently, 
then  sprang  from  his  seat,  his  face  radiant  with  joy.  '  See  that 
name  V  he  exclaimed.  '  It  sajre  here,  "  Presented  by  Sarah  W. 
Smith,  of  Danbury,  Connecticut."  That's  my  good  teacher  that 
taught  me  to  read  when  I  was  a  boy  in  my  home  town  I  Bless 
her  i  It  takes  me  right  back  to  dear  old  Danbury  I'  And  die 
man  b^m  to  pick  up  at  once  and  to  take  an  interest  in  things 
again.  Of  course  that  was  a  chance  coincidence,  but  you  don  t 
know  when  your  book  may  be  like  a  message  from  heaven  to 
some  good  American  boy.  Please  send  us  books,  and  more  books, 
tmtil  we  have  at  least  one  for  every  American  soldier  or  sailor 
who  craves  the  joy  of  reading  a  book  from  home.  And  remem- 
ber to  help  OS  in  the  big  drive  that's  coming  on  Ifovember  11. 
We  want  $3,500,000  cash  for  good  new  technical  and  recreative 
books,  for  from  now  on  we  expect  to  buy  more  and  more  of  our 
books.  That's  only  a  little  sum  nowadays,  but  it  will  do  oceans 
of  good." 


THE  S.  A.T.  G. 

EDITORIAL   CORRESPONDENCE 


WHEN  it  was  announced  that  the  United  States  Govern- 
ment was  about  to  establish  training  corps  for  the  Army 
at  the  colleges,  the¥e  was  some  resentment  expressed 
at  making  coUm^  students  4  privil^ed  class.  It  was  somehow 
aflHumed  that  boys  who  were  lucky  enough  to  be  able  to 
afford  an  education  fitting  them  for  ocmi^  were  to  be 
allowed  to  escape  the  drut,  and  were  besides  to  receive  a 
Hftecial  opportunity  to  become  commissioned  officers.  If  there 
ha<l  been  any  truth  in  these  suppositions,  the  very  first  people 
ill  the  country  to  resent  the  implic«,tion  in  them  would  have 
1>eeii  the  college  students  themselves.  The  record  of  the  under- 
^p-aduates  in  American  colleges  during  the  war  ought  to  be 
^ufiBcient  to  make  it  impossible  for  any  one  to  believe  that  a 
l>lan  which  would  appeal  to  slackers  would  appeal  to  them. 

What,  in  fact,  appealed  to  the  undergraduate  and  thepros- 
l>ective  undergraduate  in  the  plan  for  the  Student  Army  Train- 
ing Corps  is  uie  very  thing  that  sends  shivers  up  and  down  the 
slacker's  spine.  It  is  a  plan  by  which  induction  into  the  Army 
EiH  a  private  is  not  retarded  but  hastened.  It  is  a  plan,  moreover, 
l»y  which  every  one  is  put  on  a  level  with  every  one  else  of  his 
%g«  and  attainments,  given  a  chance  to  prove  his  mettle,  and 
{(>ta.lt  with  exactly  and  precisely  according  to  what  he  does  with 
liiM  chance. 

I  happened  to  be  in  Cambridge  when  the  college  year  opened 
it  Harvard,  and  I  can  testify  as  to  what  I  saw  and  heard  there. 

•Tust  about  the  time  I  arrived  in  Cambridge,  Tom,  Dick,  and 
{ larry  arrived  there  also.  Scores  of  others  were  arriving,  but 
riMjee  three  will  serve  to  represent  many  besides  themselves.  I 
>iioountered  them — under  different  names  of  course — and  I  will 
lot.  betray  their  confidence  by  telling  all  I  know  about  them,  or 
•  v«?n  hy  telling  facts  about  them  exactly  as  they  happened ;  but 
■  v^rything  I  snail  tell  about  them  happened  to  somei>ody. 

Tom  was  eighteen  years  old.  He  had  wanted  for  months  to 
rc^fc  into  the  war.  He  had  taken  every  chance  that  came  his  way 
or  military  training.  Armed  with  specially  strong  recommen- 
lia.^ioiis,  he  had  offered  himself  for  one  branch  of  the  service 
.iscl  had  been  turned  down  for  underweight  or  some  other  lack 
k'bich  be  felt  was  quite  unimportant.  Then  he  went  into  a  mnni- 
iocw  plant  and  worked  hard  all  summer  at  a  job  which  took  toll 
n  the  lives  of  several  of  his  fellow-workmen.  In  the  meantime, 
.SLV^g  passed  his  enti-ance  examinations,  he  applied  for  admis- 
i«*vi  to  Harvard  Cdlege  and  for  a  room  in  the  freshman  dormi- 
9ry.  In  this  be  f(^owed  the  advice  of  the  wisest  people  he 
xs«w — to  go  OD  with  his  education.    When  the  new  law  was 


passed  extending  the  draft  age  to  include  him,  he  was  highly 
pleased.  Now,  he  thought,  he  would  have  a  better  chance  than 
before  of  getting  into  active  military  service.  When,  however, 
it  was  announced  that  boys  of  eighteen  would  be  in  the  last  gfroup 
to  be  called  he  saw  his  chance  rading.  Then  came  the  news  of 
the  establishment  of  the  Student  Army  Training  Corps.  Accord- 
ing to  this,  he  saw  his  chance  reviving,  for  every  one  admitted 
to  the  Corps  would,  he  learned,  be  inducted  at  once  into  the 
Army  as  a  private.  In  the  notice  that  was  published  he  was 
told  that  if  he  ent(dled  in  the  Corps  he  would  be  subject  to  call  as 
soon  as  other  boys  of  his  age ;  that  in  the  meantime  he  would 
be  receiving  military  instruction  and  woidd  have  the  chance  to 
prove  his  fitness  for  responsibility  of  some  kind,  but  that  there 
was  no  assurance  that  he  woiild  be  found  fit  for  training  as  a 
commissioned  or  even  non^K>mmi8sione<l  officer.  He  was  urged 
by  some  friends  to  consider  going  to  a  technical  school,  bet'anse 
he  might  thereby  earn  the  chance  to  get  training  in  some  tech- 
nical oranch — such  as  engineering  or  chemistry;  but  he  was 
not  specially  interested  in  any  technical  branch,  and,  besides, 
when  he  learned  that  such  technical  training  might  lead  to 
further  instruction  after  others  of  his  age  had  been  called  into 
active  service,  he  held  to  his  original  plan  as  more  likely  to  lead 
to  what  he  wai!te<l — an  active  part  in  the  war.  At  the  appointed 
time,  therefoi-e,  Tom  pi-esented  himself  at  the  freshman  dormi- 
tory in  which  he  had  been  assignecl  a  room,  but  was  told  that 
he  could  not  be  admitted,  as  the  dormitory  was  already  half 
stripped  of  furniture  in  preparation  for  becoming  one  of  the 
corps'  barracks.  So,  with  others  in  the  same  situation,  he  had  to 
find  lodgings  for  himself. 

Three  days  later,  on  Monday,  September  28,  he  joined  the 
hundreds  who  at  Harvard  Hall  stood  in  line  to  register  as 
undergraduates  in  Harvard  College.  The  freshman  candidates 
were  assigned  to  a  lecture-room  upstairs.  I  watched  the  pro- 
ceedings m>m  a  bench  in  the  rear  of  the  room,  \\1ien  Tom  nad 
filled  out  the  required  blanks,  had  moved  up  the  line  to  the 
registrar,  and  had  had  his  registration  paper  approved,  he 
became  a  Harvard  freshman  ;  but  he  had  more  registering  to 
do,  for  lie  still  had  to  fill  and  file  the  blanks  for  the  Student 
Army  Training  Corps.  He  therefore  went  to  the  Military 
Headquarters,  m  the  basement  of  University  Hall.  There  be 
filed  his  muster  cartl,  and  the  mustering  officers  assigned  him 
to  provisional  Company  J.  (There  is  no  Company  J — there 
never  is — but  that  is  what  we  shall  call  his  company,  if  you 
please.)    Again   he  stood   in   line,  this   time   in  the  room  ii> 

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University  Hall  assigned  to  Companies  J,  Q,and  X.  When  he 
reached  the  man  in  charge,  he  was  informed  that  his  temporary 
quarters  were  in  Randolph  Hall — a  dormitory  on  Mount  Auburn 
Street.  At  the  same  time  he  received  two  papers.  One  was  a 
list  of  military  regulations  ;  the  other  was  a  telegraphic  form 
which  he  was  to  copy  l^ibly,  filling  in  the  blanks,  and  send  to 
the  local  draft  board  with  whom  he  was  reg^tered.    This  tele- 

Bam,  sent  in  the  name  of  Colonel  Williams,  commanding  the 
arvard  S.  A.  T.  C,  called  for  the  mailing  of  the  papers  neces- 
sary for  the  prompt  induction  of  Tom  into  the  Army.  After 
the  telegram  was  copied  it  was  to  be  initialed  by  the  induction 
officer  and  despatched.  After  getting  luncheon  Tom  proceeded 
to  the  induction  office  in  old  Apthorp  House,  a  frame  building 
in  the  courtyard  of  the  comparatively  modem  Randolph  Halt. 
There  he  had  his  first  taste  of  military  duty  at  Harvard,  for 
after  being  measured  for  his  imiform  he  was  detailed  to  carry 
army  cots  and  army  blankets  from  the  freshman  dormitories 
down  on  the  Charles  River  to  Randolph  HaU.  Finally  he  found 
his  room.  It  had  not  yet  been  cleared  of  all  the  furniture  which 
the  student  who  had  expected  to  occupy  the  room  had  moved 
there.  As  the  authorities,  however,  requested  all  who  could  to 
find  quarters  elsewhere,  it  was  not  necessary  for  Tom  to  occupy 
this  room  in  Randolph  Hall ;  but  there  were  others  of  his  class 
and  company  stowing  cots  and  blankets  in  Randolph  rooms  in 
preparation  for  the  coming  night.  That  evening  he  attended  a 
mass-meeting  for  all  members  of  the  University  over  eighteen 
years  of  age,  and  then  heard  more  details  of  the  plan  of  the 
S.  A.  T.  C.,  especially  with  reference  to  choice  of  courses  of 
instruction. 

During  the  summer  Tom  had  of  course  given  some  thought 
of  what  he  would  elect  to  study  during  the  coming  year,  but 
soon  after  his  arrival  in  Cambridge  he  foimd  that  die  whole 
schedule  of  the  collie  had  been  changed;  and  then  at  this 
mass-meeting  he  learned  of  further  changes. 

Ordinarily  a  freshman  entering  Harvard  is  expected  to  sub- 
mit a  list  of  electives  for  the  coming  year.  Now  Tom  found  that 
he  was  called  upon  to  choose  for  only  three  months.  At  the  end 
of  three  months — that  is,  on  the  first  of  January — undergradu- 
ates of  twenty  years  of  age  are  to  be  summoned  into  service, 
provided  they  are  physicsdly  fit,  just  as  other  young  men  of 
that  age  are  to  be  ;  at  the  end  of  another  three  months — that  is, 
on  the  first  of  April — the  undergraduates  of  nineteen  are  to  be 
summoned ;  and  at  the  end  of  the  third  three  months — that  is, 
on  the  first  of  July — the  summons  will  come  to  undergraduates 
of  eighteen.  This  means  that  a  new  adjustment  of  courses  has 
to  be  made  at  the  end  of  each  quarter. 

Tom  also  learned  that  his  choice  of  courses  would  have  to  be 
determined  by  the  branch  of  the  service  for  which  he  wished  to 
prepare  himself.  After  inquiry,  Tom  decided  that  he  wanted  to 
fit  himself  for  the  branch  that  included  the  motor  transport  and 
tank  service.  Then  he  looked  at  the  pamphlet  that  described 
the  courses  offered  by  the  college,  and  a  considerable  number 
of  these  he  discovered  were  distinguished  by  an  A  in  the  mar- 
gin. These  were  the  courses  suitable  for  the  members  of  the 
Students'  Army  Training  Corps.  He  foimd  that  General  Mili- 
tary Instruction  would  of  course  be  one  of  the  required  subjects, 
and  another  required  subject  woidd  be  a  course  on  the  Prob- 
lems and  Issues  of  the  War.  These  two  subjects  would  run 
through  the  nine  months  that  he  would  have  at  his  disposal. 
For  specific  preparation  for  the  motor  transport  and  tank  ser- 
vice he  found  that  he  would  have  to  have  at  least  for  one  quarter 
a  course  in  Experimental  Physics,  and  for  one  quarter  a  course 
in  Trigonometry ;  and  that  as  a  freshman  in  the  college  he  would 
be  expected  to  take  a  course  in  English.  As  he  was  not  to  be 
called  till  July,  he  might  have  postponed  his  physics  or  mathe- 
matics, but  he  decided  to  put  both  in  his  first  quarter's  list  and 
be  prepared  to  continue  them  later.  One  more  course  of  nine 
hours  a  week  was  required  of  him ;  but  this  he  was  free  to  choose 
from  all  those  courses  marked  A  for  which  he  was  fitted.  Tom 
chose  a  course  in  Speaking  and  Writing  French.  If  Tom  had 
been  twenty  years  of  age,  he  woidd  have  had  to  take  virtually 
the  courses  that  he  chose,  since  he  could  not  have  postponed 
either  mathematics  or  physics.  Being  eighteen,  he  had  a  liberty 
in  the  matter  which  he  chose  not  to  exercise. 

What  is  going  to  hap|)en  to  Tom  at  the  end  of  nine  months  ? 


He  does  not  know.  He  may  be  assigned  to  the  infantry  as  a 
private,  and  not  get  into  the  motor  transport  or  tank  service  at 
all ;  or  if  his  physical  examination  shows  some  defect  that  will 
exdude  him  from  full  service,  be  may  be  assigned  to  some  form 
of  limited  service.  If  he  shows  promise,  he  may  be  selected  to 
go  to  a  training  camp  for  non-commissioned  officers,  or  even  to 
one  for  candidates  for  commissions.  It  all  depends  on  what  be 
proves  himself  to  be  fit  for.  He  will  have  the  advantage  that 
results,  and  ought  to  residt,  from  knowledge.  Democracy  is 
not,  or  at  least  ought  not  to  be,  leveling  down  but  leveling  np. 

Now  Tom  is  getting  this  training,  not  because  his  father  is 
rich,  but  because  he  is  fit  to  receive  it.  As  a  matter  of  fact, 
whether  his  father  is  rich  or  not,  the  Government  pays  for 
his  keep  and  his  training  exactly  as  it  pays  for  the  keep  and 
training  of  the  hundreds  of  thousands  of  young  men  it  has  taken 
into  the  cantonments. 

So  much  for  Tom.  Now  Dick.  For  two  years  Dick  had  been 
a  student  at  the  University  of  ICansas — or  perhaps  it  was  Mick- 
igan  or  California.  For  some  reason  which  I  do  not  know,  Ik 
(kcided  to  take  his  training  this  year,  at  Harvard.  He  is  twent; 
years  old,  and  thus  has  just  three  months  before  being  sum- 
moned. He  chose  the  Navy,  and  was  early  on  hand  Monday 
morning  to  register  as  a  Harvard  student,  and  then  made  haste 
to  go  to  the  nav£il  headquarters.  There  he  was  promptly  exam- 
ined (the  numbers  in  tlie  Naval  Unit  are  strictly  limited,  and 
therefore  the  process  of  organizing  it  was  briefer  than  in  die 
Army  Training  Corps),  and  as  promptly  accepted  and  inducted. 
As  he  had  already  received  some  naval  training  at  a  naval  school 
he  is  a  good  candidate.  His  courses  are  practically  all  chosen 
for  him.  He  has  to  take  what  is  assigned  to  him.  If  he  prove 
efficient,  he  may  be  taken  as  a  candidate  for  the  <^oe  of 
ensign. 

When  Tom  and  Dick  appeared,  Harry  came  also.  I  saw 
him  over  at  University  Hall.  He  was  not  fitted  for  HarvanL 
He  had  not  had  the  clmnoe  to  go  through  a  preparatory  school. 
He  bad  had  to  leave  high  school  before  he  could  reoeive  im 
diploma  and  had  had  to  go  to  work  ;  but  he  was  ambitions,  and 
had  taken  courses  at  night  school.  So  he  brought  with  him  a 
certificate  that  he  had  passed  in  thirteen  a^demio  points. 
Ordinarily  such  a  certificate  does  not  admit  the  holder  to  Har- 
vard, but  that  does  not  exclude  Harry  from  the  Harvard 
S.  A.  T.  C.  Whether  he  will  be  acceptetl  as  a  candidate  for  i 
degree  at  Harvard  or  not  had  not  been  decided  when  I  was  in 
Cambridge ;  but  that  is  a  minor  question  at  a  time  like  ihk 
What  is  important  and  true  is  that  Harry  goes  into  titr 
S.  A.  T.  C.  on  exactly  the  same  basis  as  Tom,  and  has  the  sanK- 
chance  for  advancement.  Whether  he  succeeds  or  not  wiD 
depend — exactly  as  in  the  case  of  Tom — in  part  upon  his  fitaie!«> 
and  in  part  upon  his  charac^ter. 

But  what  chance  has  Ned  ?  I  did  not  happen  to  see  liim,  hat 
I  heard  about  him.  He  had  not  had  a  high  school  education  at 
all ;  he  had  left  school  after  finishing  the  grammar  g^rades.  Wa» 
he  excluded  from  the  S.  A.  T.  C.  ?  So  far  as  I  know,  there  w^ 
no  provision  for  him  at  Harvard,  but  I  understand  there  v» 
provision  for  him  at  the  Massachusetts  Institute  of  Technologj, 
or  "  Tech,"  as  it  is  callwl.  The  "  Tech  "  S.  A.  T.  C.  has,  besid» 
its  highly  technical  branches,  a  vocational  branch,  and  this  ii 
open  to  Ned.  Indeed,  it  is  open  to  Tom  and  Dick  and  Hair; 
too.  Because  Tom  had  a  gift  for  mechanics,  a  friend  of  his  at 
the  Institute  rather  urged  his  entering  the  vocational  branch  (^ 
the  S.  A.  T.  C.  there ;  but  Tom  decided  to  stick  by  his  original 
plan.  Nevertheless  it  may  be  that  Ned,  without  a  hieh  aduod 
education,  may  outdistance  some  of  the  S.  A.  T.  O.  meaa  a^ 
Harvard.  I  know  of  no  reason,  except  his  lack  of  intellectoai 
equipment,  why  he  may  not  win  a  commission. 

It  is  almost  mevitable  that  the  boy  who  can  reatl  will  outstrip 
the  illiterate ;  and  it  is  to  be  expected  that  the  boy  who  ha.> 
advanced  well  in  school  wUl  keep  ahead  of  the  boy  who,  throu^ii 
misfortune  perhaps,  has  fallen  short  in  education.  Democnrt 
does  not  consist  in  givuig  equal  responsibility  to  the  »"^ 
equipped  and  the  ill  equipped,  but  in  giving,  as  far  as  po»4li><- 
the  best  equipment  to  each  that  he  can  receive.  In  that  reeijvTt 
the  Student  Army  Training  Corps  is  the  greatest  step  forwaiv 
in  democratic  education  that  I  know  of.  K.  II.  A. 

Ouubridge,  MassachnsetU, 


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WITH   THE   '^Y"   AT   THE   FRONT 


I-WITH  THE  WOUNDED  FROM  THE  MARNE 

THE    PERSONAL   EXPERIENCE    OF    ONE   Y.  M.  C.  A.  MAN 

BY   ROGER   GILMAN,  A.  E.  F.,   Y.  M.  C.  A. 


H 


mine. 


ERE  you  are,  fellers,  what'll  you  have?    New  York 
'  Herald  '  or  Chicago  '  Tribune '  ?" 
"  Say,  man,  what's  that  ?  Sure,  a  New  York  one  for 


What  wouldn't  you  give  to  be  handing  these  out  to  those 
l)oys  in  pajamas,  with  neads  or  hands  wrapped  in  bandages, 
sitting  in  the  door  of  a  French  box  car  ?  So  I  thought  yesterday 
as  I  walked  along  the  train  or  clambered  into  other  cars  where 
there  were  no  grinning  boys  in  the  doorway,  only  quiet  figures 
on  stretchers,  each  with  the  inevitable  big  white  bandage. 

It  was  July  17,  the  third  day  of  the  gr^t  drive  on  the  Ameri- 
cans at  the  Mame,  and  our  first  big  fight.  All  the  night  before  in 
[deleted  by  Censor]  ambulances  had  rolled  throng  the  starlit 
streets  from  the  front,  huge  hospital  supply  trucks  had  stopped 
me  at  two  in  the  morning  to  ask  the  way,  and  the  courtyard  of  the 
Army  hospital  had  been  filled  with  a  steady  stream  of  limping 
tiffurea  and  groping  stretcher-bearers.  No  lights  showetl  any- 
where, for  the  hospital  [deleted  by  Censor]  at  Jouy  had  just 
l»^n  heavily  bombed. 

Then  came  a  blazing  day  in  the  freight  yards,  where  a  superb 
Red  Cross  train  had  loaded  and  pulled  out  in  the  early  morn- 
ing. From  ten  o'clock  on,  the  ambulances  were  busy  filling  a 
French  hospital  train,  on  which  I  had  been  asked  by  the  anxious 
dot-tor  to  act  as  interpreter. 

By  four  the  cars  were  furnaces ;  everybody  was  begging  me 
tu  take  his  blanket  off,  and  the  gas  cases  in  the  doorways  were 
rolling  up  their  pajamas  and  dangling  their  bare  feet.  The 
French  doctor  in  charge  came  up  with  his  coat  unbuttoned  and 
>ven  his  hat  on  the  back  of  his  head. 

**  You  go  to  Paris,  monsieur?  You  can  assist  us  much  !  It  is 
lery  painful  to  have  no  one  with  us  who  can  speak  their  lan- 
fuage.   Yes,  we  go  to  Paris.  It  will  take  four  hours." 

CH  course  I  did  not  have  the  safe-conduct  so  much  insisted 
in  for  moving  about  in  the  war  zone — only  strict  instructions 
lot  to  leave  my  post ;  and  there  was  every  prospect  of  losing 
lays  in  Paris  when  the  battle  was  on.  But  here  were  over  two 
lundred  wounded  Americans,  many  just  off  the  operating-table, 
,  French  medical  staff,  and  in  this  first  great  rush  no  one  but 
[lyself  to  speak  for  them.  Well,  naturally,  there  was  nothing 
l.se  to  do,  and  I  never  climbed  on  a  train  more  gladly. 

Finally  the  last  four  litters  were  gently  lifted  out  of  the 
mbulanoes;  for  ambulance  men,  even  after  two  nights  and 
wo  days  of  driving  and  unloadin^^,  are  as  gentle  as  ever  you 
lothers  could  be ;  and  the  train,  with  the  pitiful  burden,  moved 
lit. 

Immediately  the  'blessed  breeze  began  to  blow  through  the 
[)en  door  and  sift  in  through  the  vestibules  between  the  cars, 
ti<I  the  whole  train  sighed  its  relief.  The  country,  seen  in  great 
iotures,  looked  almost  like  "  God's  own  ;"  whiffs  of  hay  blew 
I  from  the  broad  meadows ;  white  clouds  drifted  by  in  the 
m.  War  seemed  impossible.  And  yet  here  were  these  stiff 
onireH,  swollen  eyes  that  could  not  open,  blood-stained  hands 
imbling  at  their  bandages,  and  the  excited  talk  of  battle  and 
;>ath. 

**  My  captain,  he  died  right  in  my  tirms,  all  shot  to  pieces." 
"  Say,  I  don't  mind  seeing  men  killed — men  like  ourselves  ; 
it  when  I  saw  in  that  vill^e  little  children  with  their  heads 
own  dean  off  by  shells — God,  it's  awful !" 
*-  Oee,  I  won't  be  worth  a  damn  back  home  like  I  am  now ! 
hope  I  don't  go." 

Antl  what  could  one  do  for  them  so?  Oh,  just  the  littlest 
ius^  ^^^  seemed  so  futile,  but  were  accepted  with  such  pa- 
ctic*  thanks.  For  instance,  you  got  a  huge  tin  pitcher  of  water 
<{  a.  little  hospital  cup  with  a  spout — a  "chick'  beak,"  the 
■»-iieIi  orderly  called  it — and  went  down  the  line.    Everybody 


took  it,  and  everybody  said,  carefully, "  I  thank  you,"  or,  better 
still, Just  smiled. 

"  Say,  Y.  M.  C.  A.  man,  I  don't  suppose  you've  got  a  ciga- 
rette?" 

You  say,  "I'm  sorry,  old  man,"  but  tell  him  that  you'll "  bum  " 
one  for  him,  and  two  beds  away  you  ask  a  boy  with  some  color 
left  imder  his  three  days'  beard. 

'*  Sure,  there's  some  '  Lucky  Strikes.'   Aw,  take  him  some 


more. 


"  What's  your  name  and  outfit  ?  I'll  tell  him  who  it  is." 

"  Naw,  naw  ;  just  Sixth  Artillery,  that's  all." 

Next  there  is  a  big  boy  with  bandages  who  has  to  be  propped 
up  with  blankets  and  turned  just  a  tnfle,  so  slowly.  And  again 
a  poor  head  has  lost  its  pillow  and  is  tipping  away  back,  till  you 
find  the  pillow  on  the  floor  and  softly  put  it  right  again.  And 
another  wants  you  to  look  for  a  little  map  knotted  up  with  all 
his  worldly  goods  in  a  wet  bath  towel. 

About  half-way  down  the  train  you  suddenly  see  in  the  nar- 
row passage  between  the  litter  fraimes  a  huge  perspiring  face 
grinning  delightedly  under  its  cropped  hair.  It's  the  gassed 
man  who  offered  to  go  into  the  town,  just  before  we  started,  to 
get  some  fruit. 

"  Say,  I  got  'em,  but  I  had  to  run  for  it.  The  first  woman, 
she  wanted  too  much,  and  I  went  clear  to  that  kind  of  a  market 
they  have  at  the  other  end  of  the  place.  But  they're  good  little 
plums,  all  right." 

And  so  "  Doc,"  as  kind-hearted  as  a  father  and  as  merry  as 
only  a  red-head^  American  private  can  be,  went  through  the 
train  with  his  big  basket.  No  Apostle  curing  a  lame  man  at  the 
gate  of  the  Temple  was  ever  more  happy  than  he. 

But  what  sort  of  cases  were  they  ?  And  how  did  they  stand 
it,  poor  boys? 

The  gas  cases  ran  all  the  way  from  simple  weakness  and 
bums,  slight  or  terrible,  to  those  who  had  got  the  gas  into  their 
throats  and  could  not  drink  or  speak.  The  wounds  were  mostly 
from  shrapnel  or  shell,  sometimes  two  or  three  or  five,  and  some 
were  from  machine-gun  bullets.  There  were  scarcely  any  gun- 
shot wounds,  and  not  one  from  a  bayonet. 

And  stand  it  ?  I  can't  tell  you  how  fine  they  were !  Not  one 
moaned,  only  two  asked  for  help.  From  the  young  captain  whose 
head  and  neck  were  strapped  with  bandages,  lying  with  set  face 
and  hands  crossed,  like  a  marble  image,  to  the  tousled-haired 
boy  who  spoke  with  an  Italian  accent,  IJiey  just  lay  still  and 
8t(K)d  it.  At  first  I  could  hartlly  realize  what  they  were  going 
through,  but  a  dear-skinned  fellow  whom  I  started  to  jolly  a 
little  answered  with  such  a  piteous  cnunpled-up  smile  that  I 
knew  once  for  all.  After  that  one  I  was  very  careful. 

But  the  two  who  did  ask  for  help  ?  Well,  I'll  tell  you  about 
them.  One  was  so  swathed  in  bandages  from  his  hips  up  that  I 
had  asked  if  he  ought  to  go  with  us,  out  the  doctors  thought  he 
might.  He  kept  saying  that  he  couldn't  breathe.  When  I  was 
away,  he  got  up  twice,  somehow,  till  the  others  put  him  back. 
So  I  told  tkim  he  mustn't  move,  and  he  said,  "  Just  stay  with 
me."  We  tried  to  talk  about  Brooklyn  and  Coney,  but  he  was 
always  putting  his  arm  around  my  neck  to  lift  himsdf  and 
saying,  "  Oh,  please,  mister,  please  let  me  sit  up  I" 

Well,  he  had  two  drainage  tubes,  so  he  couldn't,  but  finally 
ndther  the  French  soldier-orderly  nor  I  could  stand  it  any 
longer.  So  the  broad-backed  little  ^wtVw  lifted  him  slowly  on 
his  feet  and  we  steadied  him  along  to  the  car  door  and  laid  him 
in  the  draught  on  a  fresh  stretcher,  and  somehow  his  poor  body 
felt  better  and  his  moaning  stoppetl.  All  the  farther  end  of 
the  car  asketl  in  awestruck  tones,  "Is  he  dead?"  No,  thank 
Heaven,  he  wasn't.  Just  content. 

Presently  we  stopped  at  a  junction  where  some  of  our  newly 


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n't  t'»tl«rwow(l&  UnUcfwuoil 

JOHN  K.  MOTT,  DIRECTOK  OF  THE  CAMPAION  TO  RAISE 
$170,000,000  FOR  THE  Y.  M.C.  A.  AND  OTHER  ORGANIZATIONS 


A  Y.  M,  C.  A.  HUT  ON  THE  FIRING  LIXE-NOTE  THE  -SEAT  PUK 
THE  THIRSTY  AND  'TUtED  PATRON 


»■-  oU'^i-i  lu  wi  >ii^  .t  1}  l.ic  ^.ciiuuaur*  on  r.l'iis;  Iiilv  ri...ii'«>.j 


A  "Y"  HUT  IN  VLADlVOtiTOK,  Rl'SSiA-FORMERLY  A  THEATER 
(.W  of  the  Y.  M.  C  A.  l«<.-(urvrs  is  giving  a  talk  oo  the  gynsvuf  to  stum?  of  the  t'zechoslovak  troois ;  iii«ii  in  the  foregnraixl  are  kneeling  90  that  others  naj  »» 

HKLPINU   TO    WIN   THE   WAR   BY   SERVICE  TO  THE   .SOLDIER- 

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.Googk 


BOXING  AT  ARMy  CORPS  UNDER  DIRECTION  OF 
Y.  M.  C.  A.  ATHLETIC  DIRECTORS  (AT  EXTREME  LEFT) 


AN  AUTOMOBILE  LOAD  OK  Y.  M.  C.  A.  SPORTING  GOODS 
ON  THE  WAY  TO  MEN  BACK  FROM  THE  FRONT 


BRINGING  SUPPLIES  TO  THE  Y.  M.  C.  A.  IN  FRANCE 
On  th«  iluur  i«  a  Ihivu  Y  iiiaile  from  a  pin-e  u(  sIihII  wliicli  laiidrd  uunr  the  doiir  when  it  was  under  fire 


OUNG    MEN'S  CHRISTIAN  ASSOCIATION   WORK  AND  \YORKERS 


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258 


THE  OUTLOOK 


zation,  it  was  inevitable  that  the  work  should  attract  a  wide 
variety  of  men,  many  of  them  men  who  would  have  foimd  it  diffi- 
cult to  imagine  themselves  in  a  Y.  M.  C.  A.  uniform  a  year  ago. 
The  first  questionnaires  drawn  up  for  applicants  for  overaeas 
are  very  interesting  to-day,  in  the  light  of  the  present  activities 
of  the  personnel  department.  To-day,  for  example,  nobody 
asks,  in  *^he  personnel  department,  whether  an  applicant  for 
overseas  work  has  the  "Association  view-point,"  whatever 
that  may  be  or  have  been.  The  question  is :  "  Has  he  the 
soldier's  view-point?  Does  be  know  that  he  is  going  abroad 
to  serve,  not  to  obtrude  himself  or  the  Association,  but  to  do 
anything  and  everything  that  will  make  life  more  comfortable 
for  the  Iwys  over  there  ?  Only  men  and  women  of  strong  Chris- 
tian character  are  being  sought  for  France,  but  men  and  women 
who  ^ve  to  Christianity  the  broadest  kind  of  an  interpretation, 
who  find  religion  in  the  giving  of  a  cup  of  hot  chocolate  as 
truly  as  in  the  conduct  of  a  prayer-meeting,  and  who  feel  a 
wholesome  humility  in  the  presence  of  men  who  are  facing 
eternity  unflinchingly. 

One  of  the  keenest  observers  in  America  told  me  of  his  expe- 
rience with  the  secretaries  in  France.  "  It  is  very  interesting," 
he  said,  "  to  see  what  happens  to  them  as  they  begin  to  leave 
the  ports  of  debarkation  and  work  up  towanl  the  front.  They 
land  in  France  as  Baptists,  Presbyterians,  Catholics,  and  Uni- 
tarians, and  some  of  them  pretty  decidedly  so.  But  every  mile 
of  their  progress  toward  the  fighting  makes  them  less  sure  that 
their  creeds  and  differences  are  important,  until  behind  the 
lines  there  is  no  creed  except  service  and  no  doctrine  but  the 
brotherhood  of  man.  I  found  a  Catholic  priest  and  a  Congre- 
gational preacher  living  as  chums  in  a  front-line  dugout  and 
(M)nducting  their  services  in  the  same  hut.  And  the  priest,  in 
explaining  it,  said  to  me :  '  This  is  no  time  to  be  hating  each 
other  for  the  love  of  Christ.'  " 

Big  men  and  women  are  going  across  for  the  Y.  M.  C.  A. — 
some  of  them  men  who  have  given  up  incomes  of  tens  of  thou- 
sands of  dollars.  And  no  man  asks  them  what  they  believe 
about  the  Virgin  birth  or  their  theories  of  the  Trinity.  The 
question  is,  "  Are  you  going  to  serve ;  and  are  you  mentally 
and  physically  and  spiritually  up  to  it?" 

That  there  is  in  this  larger  birth  of  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  the 
promise  of  great  things  for  America  seems  to  me  very  plain.  No 
man  can  measure,  for  one  thing,  the  possible  influence  of  its 
work  in  France  upon  the  future  of  the  Church  over  here.  Four 


thousand  men  are  representing  the  War  Work  Conndl  n 
France — they  are  going  across  at  the  rate  of  a  thousand  a  mottii 
— and  among  them  are  many  of  the  brightest  and  ablest  ji 
ministers  of  all  our  various  churches.  These  men  are 
encing  the  power  of  religion  as  no  ministers  of  our  chui 
have  experienced  it.  They  are  seeing  it  work  in  the 
millions  of  men  who  have  cast  aside  iul  sham  and 
on  the  threshold  of  the  other  world.  They  have  learned 
tience  with  creed  and  all  petty  barriers  to  brotherhotA- 
have  laid  hold  on  the  g^reat  r^ilities,  and  their  grip 
easily  shaken.  Will  they  be  content  merely  to  talk  of 
unity  when  for  a  year  they  have  lived  it  ? 

And  what  about  the  effect  on  the  Y.  M.  C.  A. 
listened  the  other  day  while  one  of  the  older  goieral 
talked  to  a  group  of  his  associates  about  the  great  campclp 
for  funds  this  fall.  "  Remember  this,  men,"  be  said.  "  iWl 
not  a  campaign  for  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  Forget  the  Y.  M.  C  t 
Don't  push  it  forward.  We're  conducting  a  campaign  notfl 
ourselves  but  for  our  soldiers  and  sailors.  Every  dollar  colleel|l 
and  every  ounce  of  our  energy  and  thought  is  dedii^tedf 
them.  We  happen  to  be  tlie  agency  through  which  the  Ai 
can  people  are  muiistering  to  their  boys.  We  can  meet 
expectations  only  by  foi^etting  the  Y.  M .  C.  A.  and 

He  8iK)ke  for  the  great  majority  of  the  officers  of  Ae 
tion,  I  am  sure ;  and  he  struck  the  keynote  of  the  fotatf 
Y.  M.  C.  A.  It  was  doing  great  work  before  the 
men  were  working — at  least  partly — for  the  Y.  M.  Ct- 
day  it  is  an  organization  working  for  men.    If  it 
spirit  over  into  peace  times,  as  it  surely  will,  the  po 
its  influence  on  the  lives  of  young  America  are  almoti 
It  will  be  able  to  harness  to  itself  much  of  that  " 
idealism  in  our  colleges  which   once  turned  into  the 
and  has,  in  more  recent  years,  too  often  turned 
may  find  work  to  do  in  our  industrial  life  wh|^  will  be 
matic  in  its  way,  and  as  wonderfully  real,  atl'  its  woik  on 
battlefields  has  been. 

The  Y.  M.  C  A.  has  lost  its  life  in  France.  I  have  seen  tit 
process  of  its  death  and  resurrection.    It  hae  utterly  f( 
to  think  about  itself.  And  in  losing  its  life  it  has  found 
and  broader  and  more  tolerant  life ;  it  has  laid  hold 
complete  unselfishness  of  its  Master,  which  through 
hundred  years   has  proved   itself  the  only  power 
transforming  the  world. 


WHY  WE  NEED  A  REPUBLICAN  CONGRESS 

INTERVIEWS    WITH    REPUBLICAN    LEADERS 
BY    RICHARD   BARRY 


WHY  should  the  United  States,  in  the  midst  of  war,  divide 
the  respoisibility  of  control  in  its  Government  ?  I  went 
to  the  chief  Kepublican  leaders  with  this  question. 
From  many  tributaries  the  answers  flowed  into  one  river,  with 
this  dominant  idea : 

The  i-ountry  is  entitled  in  time  of  war  to  the  use  of  the  best 
brain  power  of  both  parties  ;  so  far  it  has  been  led  largely  by 
only  one.  Under  our  laws,  different  from  those  of  France,  Eng- 
land, Italy,  and  Canatla,  the  only  way  to  secure  a  genuine  coa- 
lition Government  is  for  the  people  to  elect  it  this  November ; 
therefore  it  is  tlistinctly  up  to  Uie  individual  American  voter 
to  say  whether  or  not  he  wishes  to  have  both  parties  or  only 
one  in  tlie  responsible  conduct  of  the  war. 

Shortly  after  Henry  Calwt  Lodge  was  elected  by  the  Repub- 
lican Senat«>r8  as  their  leader  and  spokesman  I  sought  him  in 
the  minority  conference  room,  previously  occupied  by  the  late 
Senator  Gallinger.  "  Republicans  are  of  one  mind  as  to  tliis 
war  and  as  to  the  terms  of  peace,"  he  said.  "  Even  as  a  minor- 
ity they  have  never  flinched  where  the  majority  party  has 
weakened.  Without  the  Republicails  of  the  House  the  first  and 
second  Draft  Bills,  on  which  all  of  our  success  in  war  rests, 
could  never  have  been  passed.  In  control  of  the  organization  of 
House  and  Senate  they  will  be  able  to  drive  the  war  forward 
with  greater  energy  than  the  present  majority  because  they 


have  no  friends  in  executive  office  to  protect  and  ^i» 
take  from  any  source  except  the  country's  cause, 
hesitate  to  tell  the  truth,  and  nothing  can  so  advanof 
as  absolute  truth  in  dealing  with  the  American  peo]_~ 
licans  have  but  one  idea  now,  and  that  is  to  win  the 
have   nothing   to  conceal.    They  realize   that 
brave,  that  they  are  ready  for  any  sacrifice,  that 
know  the  truth,  that  they  will  face  it,  that  they  wdl 
better  for  knowing  it,  and  that  nothing  is  gained  by 
them. 

"  Republicans  wish  to  sustain  to   the  utmost 
with  responsibility — first,  and  alwve  all,  our  armies 
then  the  Administration  ;  but  where  there  is  ineffioif 
or  wrong-doing  they  will   address  themselves  to 
without  fear  or  favor." 

Senator  Lodge  not  only  spoke  out  thus  for  a  larger 
of  truth-telling  and  pointed  out  to  me  that  if  "I& 
phrase  is  not  tiie  Senator's)  had  not  been  on  it  would 
impossible  for  the  counti-y  to  float  along  for  more  ti 
in  the  easy  belief  that  it  was  going  to  have  a  great 
airplanes  when,  as  a  matter  of  fact,  the  Government,  a 
spending  millions  of  dollars,  had  lamentably  failed  in  carni'- 
out  its  promise<l  aircraft  programme;  he  also  took  bi<<' 
detailed   exception  to  the  Governmental  policy  of  news  a; 

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STUDENTS  OF  COLUMBIA  UNIVEItSlTY  LISTEN  TO  AN  ADDRESS  ON  THEIR  NEW  DUTIES  AS  STUDENT-SOLDIERS 

Tliree  thousand  students  of  Columbia  took  the  oath  of  allegiance  to  the  Uiiit«d  States  on  October  1.    The  photograph  shows  Dean  Woodbridge  spe*^*  ' 
•he  ste|>s  of  the  University  Library  to  the  throng  Iwlow,    Similar  scenes  were  enacted  throughout  the  country 


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THE  FIRST  MINISTER  OF  M0NTENBX3R0  TO  AMERICA 
«iieml  GToadenovitoh,  whoae  portrait  appean  above,  is  a  veteran  of  five  wan 
and  wean  deooratioiis  for  bravery  from  three  Governments 


(C)  Intetnirtnnil  FUmSarvtce 

GENERAL  FRANCHET  D'ESPEREY 

Oommaiider-iD-obief  of  the  Allied  forces  in  the  Balkans.  French  and  Serbians 

on  this  front  have  forced  the  surrender  of  the  Bulgarians 


KEI  HARA,  THK  NEW  JAPANESE  PREMIER 

Kei  Hara  is  one  of  the  leaders  of  the  tjeiyu-kai  party.    In  addition  to  being  Premier  he  will, 

it  is  annoanaed,  alao  hold  the  portfolio  of  Minister  of  Justice.  The  new  Cabinet  snooeeds  the 

Teranchi  administration.  See  comment  elsewhere 


InlCTii.tlloful  rtlm  Sen-Ice 

KING  PETER  OF  SERBIA 

'i'liis  picture  of  King  Peter  was  taken  before  his 

couutry  was  devastated.   Aa  Serbia's  King,  he  may 

DOW  be  restored  to  his  throne 


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THE   OUTLOOK 


16  OcuiW 


pressioii,  which  had  been  partially  responsible  for  the  miasma 
of  k;norauce  in  which  the  country  had  been  dwelling. 

Other  leaders  in  the  Senate  pointed  out  to  me  that  Republi- 
can iirgence  for  more  speed  and  nothing  else  had  awakened  the 
country  to  its  high  duties  toward  this  war ;  that  only  pressure 
had  given  us  a  large  Army ;  that  only  persistent  Republican 
demand  had  sent  the  necessary  munitions  abroad;  that  only 
Republican  insistence  had  properly  developed  the  ship- 
building programme;  that  only  through  constant  Republican 
agitation  luui  the  War  Department  oien  put  on  even  a  fair 
working  basis. 

In  the  period  between  the  Spanish  and  German  wars  Repub- 
licans stood  continuously  for  construction  and  preparedness. 
Bearing  this  in  mind,  I  sought  him  who  for  two  decades  has 
been  the  party's  chief  spokesman.  I  found  him  at  the  Harvard 
Club,  New  York  City,  where  I  asked  him  why  we  need  a  Re- 
]mblican  Congress.  He  leaned  across  the  table,  seized  me  by  the 
lapel  of  the  coat,  and  spoke  with  that  emphatic  enunciation 
which  is  one  of  his  marked  personal  characteristics. 

"  The  lack  of  a  Republican  Congress,"  said  Theotlore  Roose- 
velt, "  has  meant  slowness  and  irresponsibility  and  a  needless 
dragging  on  of  the  war,  because  the  real  constructive  forces  of 
this  coimtry  are  in  the  Republican  party.  Give  us  a  Republican 
Congress  this  year,  and  we  will  be  in  a  position  to  force  im- 
mensely increased  war  efficiency.  It  could  probably  secure  the 
appointment  of  a  Director  of  Munitions  and  of  an  Air  Minister, 
officials  whom  France,  England,  and  Canada  long  since  found 
essential,  but  the  appointment  of  which  the  Democratic  party 
has  opposed  through  the  hereditary  inability  of  the  Democrats 
to  thmk  in  terms  of  a  really  efficient  and  organized  Govern- 
ment. In  all  other  ways  that  mean  heightened  war  efficiency 
through  concentrated  and  intensive  co-ordination  the  Republi- 
(^ans  are  better  fitted  by  temperament,  training,  and  experience 
to  achieve  than  are  the  Democrats. 

"  Now  that  the  United  States  has  become  a  world  power  in 
the  fullest  sense  of  the  iihrase,  it  can  no  longer  trust  for  leader- 
ship to  men  who  have  stublwndy  contended  for  the  narrowest 
limitations  of  National  authority,  and  who  have  thought  in  terms 
of  the  State  rather  than  in  terms  of  the  Nation,  and  yet  who 
have  swallowed  their  own  words  whenever  a  momentary  politi- 
cal advantage  was  to  be  gaine<l  thereby. 

"  Some  people  may  pomt  out  to  you  that  under  the  Demo- 
crats the  United  States  has  reached  a  greater  centralization  of 
authority  than  ever  before  This  is  true,  but  it  is  not  in  line 
with  any  principle.  The  Democrats  run  before  the  wind  ;  they 
change  and  dodge ;  they  seize  any  expediency ;  they  unduly 
limit  authority,  they  unduly  extend  it ;  but  you  cannot  pin 
them  down  to  a  definite  programme.  On  the  other  hand,  we  do 
know  positively  what  the  Republicans  have  done,  what  they 
stand  for,  and  what  they  will  do  when  they  come  into  power 
again.  It  is  the  inevitable  logic  of  events  that  the  Republican 
doctrines,  which  are  in  direct  opposition  to  tlie  Democratic 
theories  and  practices  of  local  government,  as  weU  as  to  their 
present  abnormal  trend  toward  paternalism,  shall  control  the 
coming  era. 

"  There  should  be  a  mutual  responsibility  for  and  a  mutual 
check  upon  the  extrarConstitutional  powers  granted  the  Chief 
Executive  as  war  measures  solely.  The  only  way  to  have  this  is 
through  the  election  of  a  Republican  Congress.  This  is  the 
jieople's  war.  The  Republicans  have  backed  it  and  have  taken 
the  lead  in  the  war's  support  at  least  as  much  as  have  the 
Democrats,  and  yet  the  Administration,  sup{)orted  by  a  major- 
ity of  the  Democrats  in  Congress,  has  striven  to  make  it  a  party 
war,  conducted  with  a  view  to  partisan  a<lvantage. 

"  The  election  of  a  Republican  Congress  would  put  the  war 
on  a  really  non-partisan  basis,  and  would  make  it  a  people's  war, 
to  be  pushed  through  until  crowned  by  the  peacg  of  an  over- 
whelming victory."  " 

Tliis  same  idea  was  first  expressed  to  me  in  his  New  York 
office  by  Will  H.  Hays,  Chairman  of  the  Republican  National 
Committee,  who  has  sent  the  call  across  the  country  that  the 
Republican  party  stands  for  three  things :  (1)  Win  the  war 
now  ;  (2)  Peace  with  victory  only ;  and  (3)  A  sane  preparation 
now  for  the  i)roblems  of  peace. 

Mr.  Hays  has  repeateilly  declareil  that  "  a  Republican  Con- 
gress this  year  means  primarily  one  thing,  an  ever-increasing 


vigorous  prosecution  of  the  war."  He  gave  me  his  idesi  iu  tlk 
homely  Hoosier  way  by  saying:  "Tliis.conntry  has  a  hmj 
load  and  two  great  political  horses  to  haid  it.  Let  us  hani(» 
them  both  together,  fully  and  freely  to  share  in  pulling^  the  louL 
each  striving  to  see  which  can  pull  the  harder." 

On  the  Congressional  Limited  one  afternoon  I  was  seatw 
next  a  gentleman  whose  expansive  person  combined  with  ht 
breadth  of  manner  indicated  one  whose  vision  ought  to  be  m- 
thing  .but  petty.  It  was  the  gentleman  who  for  four  ]re»^ 
occupied  the  place  now  held  by  Mr.  Wilson,  and  who  f« 
four  years  occupiecl  that  now  held  by  Mr.  Baker.  I  asked  hin 
what  he  thought  of  the  contention  I  had  heard  advsjice*!  that 
day  at  luncheon  by  a  Senator,  that  it  might  be  well  to  let  tk 
Democratic  jiarty  continue  in  the  control  of  Congress,  as  tkt 
would  mean  a  complete  Democratic  responsibility  f-r  posgiMt 
future  nnst^nduct  or  failujre.  My  kindly  neighbor  becwm- 
instantly  stem. 

"  With  such  a  view,"  said  Mr.  Taf  t,  "  I  have  not  the  slight**.! 
patience.  It  is  utterly  beneath  consideration.  No  Amerit«n  dtt 
zen  can  now  consider  any  moment  but  the  present.  The  pam 
fortmies  of  1920  must  be  allowed  to  take  care  of  themselves 
The  only  thought  that  any  one  can  afford  to  entertain  now  t 
that  a  Republican  control  of  Congress  is  needed  inip>eratively 
to  drive  the  American  war  prog^ramme  on  to  a  sucoessful  oud- 
elusion.  The  election  in  Maine  proves  that  the  American  pnhli- 
is  well  aware  which  party  has  the  better  war  record  and  yrhUA 
party  can  better  be  trusted  to  meet  the  war  demands  of  the  (iini- 
ing  two  years.  The  country  knows  that  the  Democratic  leatii^ 
iu  Congress  have  fallen  down  repeatedly  at  important  nist^ 
They  Imow  that  Chairman  Dent,  of  the  Military  Affairs  Ctw 
mittee,  failed  to  meet  the  demands  of  his  party  leader,  who  in  -. 
great  war  crisis  was  also  the  Commander-m-Chief  of  the  Aniit 
They  know  that  if  the  ranking  Republican  member  of  thst 
Committee,  Mr.  Kahn,  had  not  stepped  into  the  breach  ani 
fought  America's  fight  at  a  critical  moment,  the  first  Dnf* 
Law  would  not  have  gone  through  as  it  did.  The  Ameriom 
public  knows  what  Cluunp  Clark,  what  Claude  Kitchin,  wbi 
other  Democratic  leaders  repeatedly  did  on  the  floor  of  thr 
House  to  prevent  the  passage  of  necessary  war  measures,  nd 
only  on  the  declaration  of  war  itself,  but  even  after  the  Unitni 
States  had  been  committed  to  its  present  high  position.  TV 
country  knows  perfectly  well  that,  judging  the  two  parties  onli 
on  their  records  in  the  present  Congress,  there  is  nothing  to  iW 
but  to  give  the  Republicans  the  next  control.  The  Amerirti 
Nation  stands  vitally  in  need  of  that  control,  and  it  will  new 
be  in  greater  need  than  iu  the  coming  Congress. 

"  No  voter  should  have  any  thought  of  1920  now.  All  otbr* 
issues  in  the  coming  election  are  secondary  to  this :  '  How  m 
the  United  States  achieve  its  highest  war  efficiency  T  The  oeh 
answer  to  that  question  lies  in  fiie  study  of  the  records  cS.  tl* 
two  parties  in  the  present  Congress. 

"  If  the  Republicans  controlled,  they  would  be  in  a  position^ 
support,  to  accelerate,  and  to  increase  all  the  Presidential  yr. 
powers ;  but  their  functions  would  be  healthy  ones,  because  thr' 
would  be  exercised  without  any  fear  of  encountering  the  adverr 
criticism  of  voters  and  would  be  prompted  wholly  by  a  zealot 
desire  to  accomplish  ever  more  and  more  in  prosecuting  the  w ' 

"  Is  there  any  good  ground,"  I  asked,  "  for  the  contentioe  •'■ 
certain  Democratic  orators  that  Republican  victory  in  NovcmU- 
woidd  be  interprete<l  as  favorable  to  Germany  ?" 

"  The  Germans  know  perfectly  weU,"  promptly  replied  tJ» 
ex-President,  "  that  it  will  go  even  harder  with  them  when  tfc 
Republicans  win  this  election.  They  are  just  as  fully  inform 
of  the  records  of  the  two  parties  in  Congress  as  thejp  are  of  a- 
military  conditions.  They  know  that  they  have  more  to  fr. 
from  the  Republicans  than  from  the  Democrats,  juilging  thv  \^ 
parties  by  their  records  since  April,  1917,  by  their  prepar«ln«- 
records,  and  by  their  whole  life  records. 

"  Besides,  they  have  our  party  declarations,  and  they  fcr> 
that  there  is  not  one  Republican  leader  with  claim  to  any  tir-ii* 
rank  in  the  party  who  lias  not  pi-oclaimed  himself  vig«.»rui«-! 
in  favor  of  carrying  the  war  to  a  speedy  '  knock-out '  vit-uc- 
The  Gennan  leaders  will  know  definitely  when  the  ReptitlKi 
Congress  is  elected  iu  November  tliat  they  have  nothing  to  k  •  • 
for  from  Americans  except  hot  shot  and  more  of  it 

"  Moreover,  our  allies,  who  are  well  informed  as  to  our  nt: ' 


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odfl  of  party  ^vemment,  would  be  immeasurably  cheered  by  a 
Kepubncan  victory.  They  would  know  that  that  means  a  speed- 
bg  np  all  alone  the  line ;  that  it  means  an  end  to  all  hesitaticHi 
and  delay ;  and  they  would  recognize  the  fact  that  the  will  of 
the  American  people  had  been  expressed  at  the  polls  in  favor 
of  the  '  Win  the  War  Now '  policy." 

In  the  leas  dramatic  but  not  less  essential  field  of  taxation 
Kepablican  thought  is  vainly  trying  to  express  itself  now  in 
I^pslation,  and  tne  leaders  of  tixe  party  ^k  for  the  control 
of  the  next  Congress  so  that  the  war  revenue  bills  of  the  future 
may  lack  some  of  the  inequitable  features  of  the  war  revenue 
bills  passed  in  the  present  Congress.  Republicans  say  th%t  if 
they  control  the  next  Congress  they  will  take  the-  element  of 
punishment  out  of  taxation,  which  they  contend  should  be  con- 
trolled wholly  for  the  purpose  of  raising  the  necessary  revenues 
and  of  preserving  their  sources  by  a  fair  distribution  of  the 
burden.  More  than  one  Republican  voice  has  been  raised  in 
warning  that  unless  this  principle  is  insisted  on  more  fully  this 
country  may  be  hampered  in  the  war  by  a  sharp  declination  in 
our  power  to  raise  money. 

It  has  been  widely  apparent  that  in  the  framing  of  our  war 
revenue  bills  one  Southern  Representative  coming  from  a  small 
North  Carolina  town  in  an  agricultural  district  has  had  a 
dominating  voice.  This  is  Mr.  Claude  Kitchin,  Chairman  of 
the  House  Ways  and  Means  Committee,  who  holds  his  com- 
manding position,  not  by  virtue  of  financial  experience  or 
knowledge,  but  solely  through  the  rule  of  seniority  and  party 
arguiization.  Mr.  Kitohin  voted  against  the  resolution  to  declare 
war,  and  he  has  openly  stated  on  the  floor  of  the  House  that  he 
intends  to  make  vie  "Northern  bankers  "  pay  for  it  It  appears 
nanifeatly  unfair  that  such  a  man  should  have  the  oiuei  voice 
n  financial  legislation,  especially  when  one  considers  that  the 
nreat  bulk  of  the  revenue  must  be  supplied  by  others  than 
■>outhein  agriculturists.  There  is  only  one  way  to  eliminate 
^r.  Kitehin  as  a  dominant  factor  in  niture  war  i-evenue  bills, 
lud  that  is  through  the  election  of  a  Republican  Congress. 

The  election  of  a  Republican  Congress  would  change  the 
ihairmanships  of  many  other  important  committees  besides  the 
louse  Committee  on  Ways  and  Means.  Whether  or  not  there 
i  any  justice  in  the  statement  that  a  spirit  of  sectionalism 
oiluences  much  of  the  Federal  legislation  under  the  control  of 
ommittee  chairmen  in  Congress  ^m  the  South,  it  is  neverthe- 
isa  true  that  the  South  is  very  much  more  largely  represented 
1  such  chairmanships  than  any  other  part  of  the  country. 

A«  an  illostration  of  what  dianges  would  probably  occur  in 
bairmansliips  if  the  Republicans  control  Congress,  it  may  be 
lUl  that  Mr.  Kitehin,  present  Chairman  of  the  Ways  and 
leans  Committee  in  the  House,  would  probably  be  supfilanted 
y  Joseph  W.  Fordney,  of  Michigan,  reo^nized  internationally 
3  a  financial  authority ;  that  S.  Hubert  Dent,  Jr.,  of  Alabama, 
>e  present  Chairman  of  the  House  Military  Affairs  Committee, 
bo  has  been  an  ever-present  .peril  to  our  military  efiiciency, 
robably  would  be  supplanted  by  Julius  Kahn,  of  California, 
ho  has  twice  saved  the  country's  war  programme;  that 
liomas  S.  Martin,  of  Virginia,  Chairman  of  the  Senate  Com- 
littee  on  Appropriations,  would  probably  be  replaced  either  by 
ohn  W.  Weeks,  of  Massachusetts,  an  accomplished  banker 
1(1  a  graduate  of  Annapolis,  or  by  Francis  £.  W^arren,  of 
ryoming,  father-in-law  of  General  Pershing ;  and,  finally,  that 
equator  L#odge,  recognized  everywhere  as  the  leading  political 
itlioril^  in  this  country  on  foreign  affairs,  and  now  mmority 
Buler  in  the  Senate,  would  doubuess  come  to  his  own  as  the 
atJ  <iirector  of  the  course  of  the  Senate  in  foreign  relations. 
A  vote  in  Indiana  or  California  or  New  York,  or  in  any 
;ate  in  tfie  Union,  if  cast  for  Republican  Congressmen,  is  just 
effective  in  removing  these  chairmanships  from  the  South  as 
east  in  the  States  of  the  incumbents.  The  question  is  not  one 
seetionalism  but  of  the  inequity  that  results  when  the  South 
exxls  the  mone^  while  the  North  and  West  pay  the  bills. 
Wliile  the  mihtary  and  financial  prosecution  of  the  war  is  the 
c(t  iflsue  before  the  country,  the  next  commanding  problem  is 
ubtlesB  that  of  reconstruction.  All  other  countries  except  the 
ciit>ed  States  are  preparing  constructively  for  peace.    The 


United  States  alone  is  as  unprepared  for  peace  as  she  was  for  war. 
The  Democrats  show  no  disposition  to  consider  in  advance  the 
reconstruction  problem.  They  are  no  more  the  preparedness 
party  for  peace  than  they  were  the  preparedness  party  for  war. 
While  they  have  the  excuse  for  their  delay  in  equipping  the 
country  with  a  proper  war  programme  that  the  United  States 
is  not  a  militaristic  Nation,  and  that  it  was  for  a  time  "  too 

Eroud  to  fight,"  it  is  difficult  to  imagine  what  their  excuse  will 
e  for  a  lack  of  preparedness  for  peace.  Through  Senator  Weeks 
the  Republicans  have  already  introduced  in  the  Senate  a  reso- 
lution calling  for  the  appointment  of  a  Committee  on  Recon- 
struction, which  would  adequately  consider  in  advance  the  many 
problems  that  will  be  upon  us  at  the  drop  of  the  peace  hat,  and 
which,  if  we  are  unprepared  to  meet  them,  may  throw  us  into 
panics  and  confusions  from  which  decades  will  not  deliver  us. 
It  is  true  that  Senator  Overman,  since  Senator  Weeks's  proposal 
was  made,  has  introduced  a  bill  practically  putting  the  control 
of  all  reconstruction  policies  into  the  hands  of  the  President. 
But  this  plan  cannot  pass  even  a  Democratic  Congress  without 
weeks  of  debate,  if  at  all.  A  Democratic  Congress  will  not 
meet  these  reconstruction  problems  at  the  only  time  that  they 
properly  can  be  met — in  advance ;  a  Republican  Congress 
would  meet  them  properly. 

Beside  an  early  log  fire  in  his  home  at  West  Newton,  Mas- 
sachusetts, one  brisk  fall  morning,  Senator  Weeks  said  to  me : 
"  Business  men  realize  that  in  the  war  period  and  especially  in 
the  reconstruction  period  the  Nation  should  have  in  control  of  its 
legislative  functions  practical  men,  not  theorists.  The  Repub- 
lican party  has  always  appealed  to  business  men,  to  littie  busi- 
ness as  much  as  or  more  than  to  big  business,  and  I  think  now 
that  practically  every  one  realizes  that  the  Republicans  are 
best  fitted  to  shape  legislation  for  the  after-war  period. 

"People  generally  feel  instinctively  the  danger  in  a  con- 
tinued control  by  the  Government  of  the  great  mdustries  and 
the  operation  by  the  Government  of  public  utilities.  Although 
the  Government  took  over  the  railwaprs  on  the  ondetstanding 
that  they  were  to  be  returned  to  their  several  owners  on  the 
restoration  of  peace,  the  Democrats  will  accept  a  victory  at  the 
polls  as  a  mandate  of  the  people  to  make  the  present  conditions 
permanent.  No  one  knows  exactly  what  the  new  order  will  be. 
Republicans  do  not  expect  to  go  back  absolutely  to  the  old 
order,  but  we  do  know  thatimless  a  Republican  Congress  comes 
into  control  the  present  tendency  toward  indiscriminate  and 
wholesale  socialization  of  industries  and  utilities  will  not  be 
wisely  checked,  even  if  any  unscrambling  is  undertaken. 

"  Another  thing  that  a  Republican  Congress -would  do  would 
be  to  prevent  some  of  the  waste  and  extravarance  apparent 
on  every  hand.  I  recognize  that  it  is  impossible  to  prevent 
a  certain  amount  of  waste  in  waging  war,  but  it  has  been 
proved  that  there  is  an  undue  amoimt  now  prevailing,  and  no 
attempt  is  being  made  to  check  it  Long  ago  I  proposed  a  reso- 
lution in  the  Senate  providing  for  a  CcHumittee  on  the  Conduct 
of  the  War.  My  aim  then  was  to  have  the  chief  function  of  this 
committee  that  of  supervision  of  expenditures.  Such  an  idea 
was  not  tolerated  by  the  Democrats  in  control,  but  it  seems  to 
me  that  we  should  have  it  in  some  form,  and  that  a  Republican 
Congress  will  best  insure  this  result" 

Judging  from  a  non-partisan  standpoint,  it  appears  that  the 
only  way  to  prevent  the  diversion  to  partisan  uses  of  powers 
granted  to  the  Chief  Executive  solely  as  war  measures  is  in  the 
return  of  a  Republican  Congress.  Exiierienee  has  shown  that 
protest  is  unavailing,  that  public  revelation  of  advantages  taken 
by  departmental  heatls  of  war  conditions  to  further  their  politi- 
cal fortunes  is  unavailing.  There  apjiears  to  be  only  one  way  to 
"  keep  politics  out  of  the  war ;"  tliat  is  to  give  Renublicans 
a  Congressional  control  That  will  not  only  keep  politics,  it  will 
keep  partisanship,  out  of  the  conduct  of  the  war. 

With  a  joint  responsibility  in  the  Government  will  come  a 
joint  use  of  the  Nation's  best  brains.  Thus  only  van  the  Repulv 
lie  realize  its  highest  efiiciency.  W^ith  both  parties  hitehe<l  to 
the  load,  one  at  one  end  of  Pennsylvania  Avenue,  the  other  at 
the  other  end,  the  thought  of  America  and  of  the  world  for  the 
next  two  years  will  be  to  discover  which  can  pull  the  harder. 


?7li«  article  wUl  hefolloxned  next  ircek  by  one  on  "  Whi/  We  Nt-ed  a  Democratic  Congress"  bij 
a  leaiiiny  repremntatiee  of  the  Democratic  j/xrti/ 


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16  October 


TEK  KEER  UV  JIM 

BY  LEICH   RICHMOND    MINER 


Deah  Lawd,  I  feels  to  lif  a  liT  prayer — 
My  boy  Jim  has  done  gone  ovah  thaih, 

An'  I'se  80  wuthless  'cep'  to  pray  fu'  him, 
I  ax  yo',  Lawd,  will  yo'  tek  keer  av  Jim  ? 

I  reckon  yo'  don'  know  my  boy  Jim, 
Dey's  80  many  black  boys  tall  'n'  slim, 

But  I'se  sfwine  tell  yo',  Lawd,  you'll  know 

him  by  his  eyes, 
Pu'  evah  sence  ne  gin  hisse'f — you'd  be 

surprise* 


De  look  uv  glory  dat  seem  to  cling — 
Reckon  she'  dat  boy  has  seen  de  King 

In  aU  his  glory,  'n'  de  light  done  shine 
Back  in  dem  eyes  uv  dat  black  boy  uv 
mine. 

I  craves  to  shaih  dat  vision  long  o'  him, 
But  all  I  had  to  gin  is  gone^dat's  Jim. 

Gwine  mek  out,  somewav,  outen  him, 
Ef,  Lawd,  yo'll  jes'  tek  keer  uv  Jim. 
Htunpton  Institute,  Viigrinia. 


LAUGHTER    IN   THE    WAR 

BY  WILLIAM  L.  STIDCER 

Dr.  Sti<l«:er  in  tliis  and  previons  articles  desoribes  his  experiences  when  doing  Y.  M.  C.  A.  work  at  the 
front. — The  Editobs. 


TiOSE  of  US  who  have  lived  with  our 
soldiers  abroad,  slept  with  them,  and 
eaten  with  them  come  back  wiUi  no 
sense  of  gloom  or  depression.  I  say  to 
you  that  the  most  buoyant,  happy,  hopeful, 
confident  crowd  of  men  in  the  wide  world 
to-day  is  the  American  Army  in  France. 

If  you  could  see  tliem  back  of  the  lines, 
€ven  within  sound  of  the  guns,  playing  a 
game  of  ball,  if  you  could  see  them  putting 
on  a  minstrel  shew  in  a  Y.  M.  C.  A.  hot^ 
in  Paris,  if  yon  could  see  a  team  of  white 
boys  playing  a  team  of  Negro  boys,  if  vou 
could  see  a  whole  regiment  go  inswimmmg, 
if  you  could  see  them  in  a  track  meet,  you 
would  know  that,  in  spite  of  war,  they  are 
.  living  pretty  normal  hves. 

The  Americans  had  been  there  only  a 
week.  But  it  hadn't  taken  them  long  to  get 
acquainted  with  the  French  soldiers.  About 
all  the  two  watch-trading  Americans  knew 
of  French  was  "  Oui/  (mil"  and  they  used 
this  every  minute. 

An  American  soldier  had  a  four-dollar 
radium  watch,  and  tliis  illuminated  time- 
piece had  caught  the  eye  of  the  French 
soldier.  He,  in  turn,  had  an  expensive,  jew- 
eled Swiss-movement  pocket  watch. 

They  stood  and  argued.  Several  times 
during  the  interesting  transaction  the 
American  shrugged  his  shoulders  and 
walked  away  as  if  to  say : "  Oh,  I  don't  want 
your  old  watch.  It  isn  t  worth  anything." 

Then  they  would  get  together  again  and 
the  gesticulating  would  begin  all  over,  while 
tlie  niachine-gfun  staccato  of  "  oui,  out's  " 


would  rattle  again,  and  the  argument  would 
continue,  without  either  one  of  the  con- 
tracting parties  knowing  the  other's  lan- 
guage. 

At  last  I  saw  the  American  soldier  un- 
strap his  watch  and  hand  it  over  to  the 
Frenchman,  who  in  turn  pulled  out  the  good 
Swiss-movement  watch,  and  both  parties 
to  the  transaction  went  off  happy,  for  each 
had  got  what  he  wanted. 

Wfiat  follows  was  told  me  by  a  wounded 
boy  one  Sunday  afternoon  back  of  the 
Notre  Dame  Cathedral.  He  was  invalided 
from  tlie  ChS,teau  Thierry  scrap  in  which 
the  American  Marines  had  played  such  a 
heroic  part.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Ma^ 
rines  and  was  slightly  wounded.  He  saw 
that  I  was  a  secretary,  and  thought  to  play 
a  good  joke  on  me.  He  pulled  out  of  his 
breast  pocket  a  small  black  thing  that 
looked  and  was  bound  just  like  a  Bible. 
Its  corner  was  dented,  and  it  was  plain  to 
be  seen  that  a  bullet  had  hit  it  and  that 
tliat  book  had  stopped  its  death-dealing 
course. 

I  should  have  been  warned  by  a  gleam 
that  I  saw  in  his  eyes,  but  was  not.  I  said, 
"  So,  you  see,  it's  a  good  thing  to  be  carry- 
ing a  Bible  around  in  your  pocket." 

"  Yes,  that  saved  my  life  last  week,"  he 
said,  impressively.  Then  he  showed  me  the 
hole  in  his  blouse  where  it  had  hit.  The 
hole  was  still  torn  and  ragged.  In  the 
meantime  I  was  opening  what  I  thought 
was  his  Bible. 

It  was  a  deck  of  cards. 

I   can   hear  tliat  fine    American   lad's 


laughter  yet.  It  staitled  the  group  of  old 
men  playing  checkers  on  a  park  bench  into 
forgetting  their  game  and  joining  in  the 
fun.  Everybody  stopped  to  see  what  tlie 
fun  was  about.  That  lad  had  a  good  one 
on  tlie  secretary,  and  he  was  enjoying  it  as 
much  as  the  secretary  himself. 

Then  he  said,  "  Now  I'll  tell  you  a  good 
story  to  make  up  for  fooling  you." 

"  You  had  better,"  I  said,  with  a  sheepish 
grin.  Then  came  the  story. 

"  There  was  a  fellow  named  Rosenbaoni 
brought  in  with  me  to  the  Paris  hospital, 
wounded  in  three  places.  They  put  me 
beside  him,  and  he  told  roe  his  story. 

"It  was  at  BeUeau  Woods,  iad  the 
Americans  were  plunging  through  to  the 
other  side,  driving  the  Boche  before  them. 
This  Jewish  boy  is  from  New  York  (Sty 
and  one  of  the  favorites  of  the  whole 
Marine  outfit.  He  had  got  separated  from 
his  friends.  Suddenly  he  was  confronted 
by  a  Grerman  captain  with  a  belching  auto- 
matic revolver.  The  Hun  got  him  in  the 
shoulder  with  the  first  shot.  Then  the 
American  made  a  lunge  with  his  bayonet 
and  ran  the  captain  through  the  neck,  but 
not  before  the  captain  shot  nim  ac&in  twice 
tiirough  the  left  leg.  The  two  fell  together. 
When  the  boy  from  New  York  came  to 
consciousness,  ne  reached  out,  and  there  was 
the  dead  German  ofiBcer  lying  beside  him. 

"  The  boy  took  off  the  captain's  helmet 
first  and  puUed  it  over  to  himself.  Then  he 
took  his  revolver  and  his  cartridgre-beltand 
put  them  all  in  a  little  pile.  Then  he  took 
off  the  ofiBcer's  shoes  and  his  trousers  and 
every  stitch  of  clothes  that  he  had,  and 
painfully  strapped  them  around  himself,  in 
spite  of  his  wounds,  under  his  own  blouse. 
After  he  had  done  this  he  strapped  the 
ofiBcer's  belt  on  himself.  When  the  stretcher- 
bearers  got  to  him  and  had  taken  him  in  to 
a  First  Aid  and  they  took  his  clothes  off, 
they  found  the  ofiScer's  outfit 

"  <  Say,  boy,  are  you  a  walking  pawn- 
shop?' tne  good-natured  doctor  said,  and 
he  proceedeid  to  take  the  souvenirs  away. 

"This  was  the  military  procedore, W 
the  New  York  boy  cried  and  said,  '  I'll 
die  on  your  hands  if  you  take  them  away.' 

"He  was  a  serious  case,  and  so  they 
humored  liim  and  let  him  keep  his  souve- 
nirs ;  and  when  I  saw  them  take  him  out  to 
a  base  hospital  this  morning  he  still  had 
them  strapped  to  him,  with  a  grin  on  his 
face  like  a  darky  eating  watermelon." 

"  What  did  you  say  his  name  was  ?"  I 
asked. 

"  Rosenbaum,"  the  boy  replied.  "  Boaen- 
baum,  from  New  York. 

"  Say,"  added  another  soldier  who  wm 
standing  near,  "  if  they'd  only  recruit  a 
regiment  like  that  from  America,  we'd  send 
the  whole  German  army  back  to  Berlin 
naked." 

Then  we  tJl  had  another  good  laugh, 
which,  in  its  turn,  disturbed  the  old  men 
playing  checkers  on  the  bench  under  the 
trees  back  of  Notre  Dame.  But  the  soldier 
who  told  me  the  story  added  thoughtfully 
a  truth  tliat  every  one  in  France  knows. 

"At  that,  I'm  tellin'  you,  boy,  there 
aren't  any  braver  soldiers  m  the  Ainericao 
Array  than  the  Jewish  bovs  from  New  YorL 
I  got  'a  hand  it  to  them.**' 

"  Yes,  we  all  do,"  I  replied. 

This  good-natured  raillery  goes  on  all 
over  the  Army,  for  it  is  a  cosmopoUtao 
crowd,  such  as  never  before  wore  the  uni- 
form of  the  United  States ;  and  each  group 
— the  Negro  group,  the  Italian  grronp,  the 
Jewish  group,  the  Slav  group,  the  Western 
group,  the  Southern  group,  the  Eastent 
group — has  its  little  fun  at  the  expense  of 


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THE   OUTLOOK 


265 


i 


the  others,  and  out  of  it  all  comes  much 
la(U[hter  and  no  bitterness. 

The  Jewish  boy  loves  to  repeat  a  good 
joke  on  bis  own  kind  as  well  as  the  others. 

myself  saw  a  letter  tliat  a  Jewish  boy 
was  writin?  to  his  uncle  in  New  York 
eulogizing  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  He  was  not  an 
e<lacated  lad,  but  he  was  a  wonderfully 
sincere  boy  and  he  pleaded  his  cause  well. 
He  had  been  treated  so  well  by  the  Y 
tliat  he  wanted  liis  uncle  to  give  all  liis 
spare  cash  to  that  great  organization.  This 
is  the  letter : 

I>ear  Vndf  : 

Thia  here  Y.  M.  C.  A.  is  the  goods.  They  gWet 
70U  chooolato  vhen  you're  goin  into  the  trenches 
And  they  gives  yon  chocolate  when  you're  oomin 
ont,  and  they  don't  charge  yon  nothin  for  it  neither. 
If  yon  are  givin  any  money  .  .  ,  yon  give  it  to 
them  T.  M.  C.  A.'s.  They  treat  yon  right.  They 
bare  entertsinmenta  for  you  and  vrestliu  matches, 
and  they  give  yon  a  place  to  write.  And  what's 
more,  uncle,  theg  don't  have  no  rttptct  fer  no 
TfligioK.  Tours,  Bill. 

The  Gothas  had  come  over  the  night 
l>efore,  and  so  had  a  group  of  some  one 
hundred  and  fifty  new  Y  secretaries.  The 
Gothas  had  played  havoc  with  two  blocks 
of  buildings  on  a  certain  Paris  street  be- 
cause of  the  fact  that  the  bombs  they 
dropped  hail  severed  the  gas  mains.  The 
result  did  have  a  look  of  desolation,  I'll  have 
to  admit.  So  far  the  new  secretaries  had 
<lone  no  dama^. 

Now  there  la  one  thing  conunon  to  all 
the  newly  arrived  in  Prance,  be  they 
Y.  M.  C.  A.  secretaries,  Knights  of  Colum- 
hns  woJ^ers,  Red  Cross  men,  or  just  the 
common  garden  variety  of  "  investigators," 
and  that  is  that  for  about  two  weeks  they 
are  alert  to  hear  the  bloodiest,  most  drippy 
and  *<d«aolat»-with-danger"  stories  that 
they  can  hear,  for  the  high  and  holy  pur- 
pose of  writing  back  home  to  their  favorite 
paper  or  to  weir  wives  or  sweethearts  of 
how  near  U»ey  were  to  getting  killed ;  of 
how  the  bombs  fell  just  a  few  minutes 
before  or  just  a  few  minutes  after  they  were 
"  on  that  very  spot ;"  of  how  the  raid  came 
the  very  night  after  tliey  were  in  London 
or  Paris ;  of  how  just  after  they  had 
walked  along  a  certain  street  the  Big 
Bertlia  had  dropped  a  shell  tliere ;  of  how 
the  night  after  they  had  slept  in  a  certain 
hotel  down  in  Nancy  the  Germans  blew  it 
up.  We're  all  alike  the  first  week,  and 
staid  war  corre8])ondents  are  no  exception 
to  the  nde.   It  gets  them  all. 

I  came  on  my  friend,  an  eloquent 
Y.  M.  C.  A.  secretary,  telling  this  crowd 
[>f  eager  new  secretaries  ot  the  damage 
that  the  Gothas  had  done  the  night  before. 
Tliere  tliey  stood  in  a  comer  of  the  hotel 
n-ith  open  ears,  eyes,  and  mouths.  Most  of 
Jieiii  were  on  their  toes,  ready  to  make  a 
tireak  for  their  rooms  and  get  all  the  horrible 
letails  down  in  their  letters  home  and  their 
iiarie«  before  they  escaped  tliem.  When 
[  came  in,  this  nonchalant  narrator  was 
taring  the  time  of  his  young  life.  He  was 
-eveling  in  description.  Ck>lor  and  fire  and 
>1<mm1  and  ruin  and  desecration  flowed  from 
■iM  rlotjuent  lips  like  water  over  Niagara. 

When  I  got  close  enough  to  hear,  he  was 
i,t  his  most  climactic  and  last  perio<l  of  elo- 
|U<rnre.  He  made  a  gesture  with  one  hand, 
rav  ing  it  gracefully  into  the  air  full-lengtli 
rith  Uiese  words:  "Why,  gentlemen,  I 
I  idn't  see  anything  worse  at  the  San  Fran- 
ixco  earthquake !' 

In  three  seconds  that  crowd  had  disap- 
r<>ared,  each  to  his  own  letter  and  each  to 
I  is  own  diaiT.  Not  a  detail  must  escape, 
low  wonderful  it  wouhl  be  to  descrilie  that 
M-ful  deHtraclion,and  say  at  the  end  of  tlie 


letter,  "  And  this  happened  just  the  night 
before  we  reached  Paris  1" 

Only  the  vivid  artist  of  description  and 
myself  remained  in  the  hotel  looby,  and, 
having  heard  him  mention  San  Francisco, 
my  own  home,  I  was  naturally  curious  and 
wanted  to  talk  a  bit  over  old  times,  so  I 
went  up  to  the  gentleman  and  said :  "  I 
heard  you  say  to  tliat  gang  that  you  hadn't 
seen  anything  worse  at  the  San  Francisco 
earthquake,  so  I  thought  I'd  have  a  chat 
about  San  Francisco  with  vou." 

"  Why,  I  was  never  in  San  Francisco  in 
my  Ufe,    he  said,  with  a  grin. 

"  But  you  said  to  those  boys,  '  I  didn't 
see  anything  worse  at  the  San  Francisco 
earthquake,' "  I  replied. 

"  Well,  I  didn't,  for  I  wasn't  there.  I 
just  gave  them  guys  what  they  was  lookin' 
tor  in  all  its  horrible  details,  didn't  I? 
Ain't  they  satisfied  ?   Well,  so  am  I,  Bo." 

This  story  has  a  meaning  all  its  own  in 
addition  to  the  fact  that  it  produced  one  of 
the  bright  spots  in  my  experiences  in 
France.  That  eloquent  secretary  repre- 
sents a  type  who  will  tell  the  public  about 
anything  he  thinks  it  wants  to  know  about 
the  "  horrible  details  "  of  war  in  France. 

One  characteristic  of  the  American  sol- 
dier in  France  is  his  absolute  fearlessness 
about  dangers.  He  doesn't  know  how  to  be 
afraid.  He  wants  to  see  all  that  is  going 
on.  The  French  tap  their  heads  and  say  he 
is  crazy — a  gesture  they  have  learned  from 
America.  And  they  liave  reason  to  think 
so.  When  the  "  alert "  blows  for  an  air 
raid,  the  French  and  English  have  learned 
to  respect  it.    Not  so  the  American  soldier. 

"  Think  I'm  comin'  clear  across  that 
darned  ocean  to  see  something  and  then 
duck  down  into  some  blamed  old  cel- 
lars or  caves  and  not  see  anything  that's 
oin'  on?  Not  on  your  life !  None  o'  that 
'or  me !  I'm  going  to  get  right  out  on  the 
street  where  I  can  see  the  whole  darned 
show!" 

One  night  during  a  heavy  raid  in  Paris, 
when  the  French  were  safely  hidden  in  the 
abris  because  they  had  sense  enough  to 
protect  tliemselves,  I  saw  about  twenty 
sober  but  hilarious  American  soldiers 
marching  down  the  middle  of  the  boule- 
vard, arm  in  arm,  singing  "  Sweet  Ade- 
laide "  at  the  top  of  their  voices,  while  the 
bombs  were  dropping  all  over  Paris  and  a 
continuous  barrage  from  the  anti-aircraft 
guns  was  cannonading  lutil  it  sounded  like 
a  great  front-line  battle. 

That  night  I  happened  to  l>e  watching 
the  raid  myself  from  a  convenient  street 
comer.  Unconsciously  I  stood  up  gainst  a 
street  lamp  with  a  shade  over  me  made  of 
tin  about  tiie  size  of  a  soldier's  steel  helmet. 
Along  came  a  French  girl  of  the  streets, 
looked  at  me  standing  there  under  that 
tiny  canopy,  and,  with  a  laugh,  said  as  she 
swiftly  passed  me,  "  Oest  un  abri,  vies- 
sieurf"  (Is  it  a  shelter?),  looking  up.  The 
air  raid  had  not  dampened  her  sense  of 
humor  even  if  it  had  destroyed  her  trade 
for  that  night. 

Another  story  illustrative  of  the  never- 
die  spirit  of  the  French  women  in  spite  of 
their  sorrows  and  losses :  One  night,  when 
tlie  rain  was  pouring  in  torrents,  a  deso- 
late, chilly  night,  I  saw  a  girl  of  the  streets 
standing  where  the  rain  luul  soaked  her 
through  and  through.  Were  her  spirits 
dainpenetl?  Was  sTie  discouraged?  Was 
she  blue  ?  No ;  she  stood  there  in  the  rain 
humming  the  air  of  an  opera  oblivious  of 
the  fact  that  she  was  soaked  tlirough  and 
throup^h  and  cold  to  the  bone. 
•  This  is  the  undying  spirit  of  Fi-ance.  I 
do  not  know  whetlier  this  girl  was  driven 


f 
fc 


to  her  occupation  because  she  had  lost  her 
husband  in  the  war,  but  I  do  know  that 
many  have  been.  I  do  not  know  anything 
about  her  life.  I  do  know  tliat  there  she 
stood,  soaked  through  and  through,  a  frail 
child  of  the  street,  singing  in  the  rain.  The 
silhouette  of  tlus  frail  girl  and  her  spirit  is 
typical  of  France, "  Her  head  though  bloody 
is  unbowed."  Somehow  that  sight  g^ve  me 
strength. 

The  reaction  of  the  German  submarin- 
ing in  American  waters  on  the  boys  "  Over 
There  "  will  be  interesting  to  home  folks. 
When  the  news  g^t  to  France  that  subma- 
rines were  plying  in  American  waters  near 
New  York,  did  it  produce  consternation  ? 
No.  Did  it  produce  regret  ?  No.  Did  it 
make  them  mad  ?  No. 

It  made  them  laugh.  All  over  France 
the  boys  laughed ;  laughed  uproariously, 
doubled  up  and  laughed.  I  found  this  ev^y- 
where.  I  do  not  attempt  to  explain  it  It 
just  struck  their  funny-bones.  I  heard  one 
fellow  say,  "  Now  the  next  best  thing  would 
be  for  a  sub  some  night  when  there  was 
nobody  in  the  offices  to  throw  a  few  shellx 
into  one  of  those  New  York  sky-scrapers." 

"  I'll  say  so !  I'll  say  so  !"  was  the  lang^i- 
ing  reply. 

"  Wow  !  There'd  be  something  doin'  at 
home  then,  wouldn't  there  P'  my  mend  the 
artillery  captain  said  with  a  gnn. 

As  the  Negro  stevedores  marched  to 
work,  winter  and  summer,  rain  or  shine, 
night  or  day,  they  were  always  whistling 
or  singing  as  they  marched,  to  the  wonder- 
ment of  French  and  English  alike.  Their 
spirits  never  seemed  to  be  dampened.  They 
always  marched  to  music  of  their  own  mak- 
ing. There  was  that  baseball  game  when 
an  entire  company  of  Negroes,  watching 
their  team  play  a  white  team,  at  the  climax 
of  the  game,  when  one  N^ro  boy  had 
knocked  a  home  run,  ran  around  the  bases 
with  him,  more  than  two  hundred  lau|rh- 
ing,  shouting,  grinning,  singing,  yelhng 
Negroes,  helpingto  bring  in  ue  score  that 
won  the  game,  xhen  there  was  that  Sun- 
day morning  when  several  white  captains 
decided  that  their  Negro  boys  shoula  have 
a  bath.  They  took  their  boys  down  to  an 
ocean  beach.  It  was  a  bit  chilly.  The 
Negroes  strip]>ed  at  order,  but  they  didn't 
like  the  idea  of  going  into  that  cold  ocean 
water.  One  captain  solved  the  difficulty. 
He  took  liis  own  clothes  off.  He  got  in  front 
of  his  men.  He  lined  them  up  in  formation. 
Then  he  said  :  "  Now,  boys,  we're  going  to 
play  that  ocean  is  full  of  Germans.  You 
stevedores  are  always  complaining  about 
not  getting  .up  front,  and  you  tell  me  what 
you'd  do  to  the  Germans  if  you  once  got 
up  front.  Now  I'm  going  to  see  how  much 
nerve  you've  got.  When  I  say,  '  Forwaiil '. 
March !'  it  is  a  military  order.  I'm  goui^' 
to  lead  you  into  that  water.  We  are  goiii'' 
in  military  fomiadon. 

"Forward!  March!" 

And  into  the  surf  that  company  of 
black  soldiers  marched,  into  that  cold 
ocean  water,  dreading  it  with  all  their 
souk,  but  soldiers  to  the  core,  without  a 
quaver,  eyes  to  the  front,  heads  up,  chests 
out,  unflinchingly,  up  to  their  knees,  up  to 
their  waists,  up  to  their  chins,  when  the 
captain  shoutett,  "  As  you  were,"  and  such 
a  hilarious,  shouting,  laughing,  splashing, 
jumping,  yelling,  fun-filled  hour  as  followe<l 
the  world  never  saw.  The  gleaming  of 
white  teeth,  tlie  flashing  of  ebony  hnibs 
through  green  water  and  under  sparkliug 
sunliglit  that  Sunday  morning,  was  full  of 
a  fine  type  of  fun  and  laughter  that  niiule 
the  world  a  better  place  to  Uve  in,  and  cer- 
tainly a  cleaner  place. 


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THE   OUTLOOK 


16  Octoba 


WEEKLY  OUTLINE  STUDY  OF 
CURRENT  HISTORY 

BY  J.   MADISON   GATHANY,  A.M. 

BOPS  STREET  HIGH  SCHOOL,  PROVIDENCE.  R.  I. 

Bastd  on  The  OtOlook  of  October  9, 1918 

SaA  week  an  Oatlioe  Study  of  Carrent  History  based  on  the  preoedins  number  of  The  OnUook  will 
be  printed  for  the  benefit  of  enrreot  erenta  ohuaes,  debating  olnbs,  teaohen  of  history  and  of  EnglUh,  end 
the  like,  and  for  use  in  the  home  and  by  mch  indiTidnal  readers  aa  nny  desire  eogsestioas  in  the  aerioas 
(tody  of  enrreat  history. — The  Kditobs. 

[Those  who  are  naing  the  weekly  outline  ahoold 
not  attempt  to  oorer  the  whole  of  an  ontline  in  any 
one  leaaon  or  study.  Assign  for  one  leason  seleoted 
questions,  one  or  two  propositions  for  discussion,  and 
only  suoh  words  as  are  found  in  the  material  aa^uned. 
Or  distribute  selected  queations  among  diSetent 
members  of  the  class  or  group  and  naTe  them 
report  their  findings  to  all  when  assembled.  Ilien 
haye  aU  discuss  the  queations  together.] 

I — ^IirrERNATIONAIi  AFFAIRS 

A.  Topic :  The  Collapse  of  Bulgaria ;  The 

Defeat  and  the  Sarrender. 
Reference:  Pages  201-20a 
Questions: 

1.  What  reasons  does  The  Outlook  give 
for  the  entrance  of  Bnlearia  into  this  war 
and  for  her  exit  from  it?  2.  Do  you  think 
these  safficient  reasons  for  her  actions? 
If  Belgium  should  leave  the  war  for  the 
same  reasons,  would  you  commend  or  con- 
demn her  ?  Tell  why.  3.  What  to  you  is  the 
first  and  most  obvious  meaning  of  Bulga- 
ria's surrender  ?  4.  What  are  the  military 
and  political  consequences  of  the  Bulgarian 
armistice  as  set  forth  by  The  OuDook? 
Add  some  others  of  your  own.  Study  The 
Outlook's  map  in  answering  this  question. 

5.  Explain  why  the  terms  accepted  by 
Bulgaria  "went  beyond  the  ordinary 
conations  of  an  unconditional  surrender. 

6.  Give  reasons  why  the  comment  quoted 
from  the  Mew  York  "  Times  "  is  sound  and 
valuable.  7.  Tell  why  you  think  the  fol- 
lowing statement  is  or  is  not  an  exaggera- 
tion :  "The  value  of  Bulgaria  to  the  Teu- 
tonic powers  is  geog^pnical  above  all." 
8.  Comment  on  the  justice  of  the  following : 
«  Bulgaria  is  the  Prussia  of  the  Balkans." 
"  The  Bulgarians  are  no  more  to  be  trusted 
than  the  ruling  powers  in  Berlin."  9.  The 
Outlook  thinks  that  Rumania  "may  be 
brought  again  into  the  war  on  the  side  of 
the  Allies."  Why?  10.  Why  did  Rumania 
enter  the  war  ?  On  which  side  was  she  ? 
11.  What  causes  determined  the  Rumanian 
Government  to  conclude  peace  with  Ger- 
many? Do  these  justify  ner  action?  12. 
Give  a  brief  sketch  of  Rumania's  historv 
and  tell  of  her  resources.  13.  "  Rumania  s 
Sacrifice,"  by  Gogn  Negulesco  (Century), 
is  a  valuable  book. 

B.  Topic :  The  President's  Conditions  of 

Peace. 
Reference :  E^ditorial,  pages  208,  209. 
Questions : 

1.  What  is  a  conspiracy?  Who  is  an 
accomplice  ?  The  Outlook  speaks  of  Ger- 
many's conspiracy.  Explain  at  length  what 
it  was.  2.  From  what  the  President  and 
The  Outlook  say,  explain  the  character  of 
this  war.  3.  Make  it  clear  why  America 
entered  this  war  and  "  the  ends  we  shall 
insist  upon  obtaining."  4.  What  would 
"  impartial  justice  meted  out "  to  Germany 
consist  of?  What  do  the  courts  usually 
consider  justice  to  a  criminal  to  be? 
5.  What  does  the  President  mean  when  he 
says  :  "  We  do  not  think  the  same  thoughts 
[as  Germany]  or  speak  the  same  language 
of  agreement "  ?  6.  If  the  HohenzoUem 
dynasty  should  make  pledges  of  surrender, 
repentance,  and  reform,  would  yon  be  will- 
ing to  accept  them  ?  Reasons.  7.  Explain  in 


your  own  words  each  one  of  the  President's 
five  principles  that  should  govern  a  League 
of  Nations.  8.  What  is  The  Outlook's  view 
of  a  League  of  Nations?  Tell,  with  rea- 
sons, what  you  think  of  tliis  plan.  9.  If  you 
are  looking  for  some  excellent  books  on 
the  League  of  Nations  movement,  get 
"  League  of  Nations,"  by  Theodore  Mar- 
burg; "A  League  of  Nations,"  by  H.  N. 
Brailsford ;  "  A  Lea^e  to  Enforce  Peace," 
by  Robert  Groldsmith  (all  published  by 
Macmillan). 

U— NATIONAL  AFFAIRS 

A.  Topic':  Woman  Suffi-age. 
Reference:  Pages  203,  204. 
Questions: 

1.  State  the  President's  argument  for 
woman  suffrage.  Is  his  arg^ument  sound  ? 
Discuss.  2.  Tell  why  you  do  or  do  not 
favor  woman  suffrage.  3.  What  points  in 
civil  government  do  you  learn  from  tliis 
reference?  4  Explain:  " Not  suffrage, but 
the  Senate  of  the  United  States,  is  on  trial." 
5.  Discuss  the  appropriateness  of  this 
statement:  Those  who  are  against  equal 
suffrage  "cannot  turn  back  the  tides  of 
liberaUsm  the  world  around."  6.  New  York 
State  has  committed  itself  to  woman  suf- 
frage. S^iator  Wadsworth,  of  New  York, 
voted  against  this  suffrage  amendment  to 
the  Constitution.  Produce  an  argument 
showing  why  he  should  or  should  not  be 
returned  to  the  Senate.  7.  Would  it  be  wise 
to  have  the  adoption  of  a  Constitutional 
amendment  deciaed  by  majority  vote  in 
Congress  ?  Discuss. 

B.  Topic:  Fourth  Liberty  Loan  ;  Think— 
Buy. 

Reference :  Page  201. 
Quicstions: 

1.  What  points  of  information  does  The 
Outlook  give  about  the  Fourth  Liberty 
Loan  ?  2.  Think  about  the  Liberty  Loan 
Committee  advertisement  reproduced  by 
The  Outlook,  and  then  tell  what  your 
thoughts  are.  3.  Give  reasons  for  the  truth 
of  the  following  statement :  Those  who  sub- 
scribe to  the  Liberty  Loan  "  are  fighting 
Germany  as  truly  as  if  they  were  firing 
guns  at  Metz." 

in — PROPOsmoNB  for  oisoussiom 
fThese  propositions  are  suggested  directly  or  indi- 
rectly by  the  anbjeot-matter  of  The  Outlook,  but 
not  discussed  in  it.) 

1.  Patriotism  is  what  one  does,  not  what 
one  feels.  2.  Thefe  is  a  vast  difference  be- 
tween liberty  and  license.  3.  Every  indi- 
vidual is  a  lawmaker. 

IV — VOCABnLART  BUILDING 
(All  of  the  following  words  and  expressions  are 
found  in  The  Outlook  for  Oetober  9,  1918.  Both 
before  and  after  looking  them  up  in  the  dictionary 
or  elsewhere,  gire  their  meaning  in  your  own  wordi. 
The  figures  in  parentheses'refer  to  pages  on  which 
the  words  nuiy  be  fonnd.) 

"Mittel  Europa"  (202);  demobilize,  evac- 
uate (203^ ;  metropolitan,  the  people's 
conscience,  dynasty,  Potsdam  (208)  ;  con- 
comitants, league,  alliance,  boycott,  states- 
manship, proportional  representation  (209); 
majority,  ratification  (203) ;  sirens,  fiscal 
year  (201). 


A  booklet  suggesting  tnethods  oj  using  the  Weekly  Outline  of  Vurrent  History  will  be  sent  on  application 


U.  S.  Army  or  Navy 

Red  Cross,  Y.  M.  C.  A. 
and  Allied  Organizatioiu 

Letters  of  Credit  are  the  safest  and  most 
convenient  medium  for  carrying  funds. 

During  the  war  we  are  issuing  such  Credits, 
fr**  of  conuniuion,  to  officers  and  men  ii 
the  U.  S.  Army  and  Navy,  and  to  thoec 
engaged  in  Red  Cross,  Y.  M.  C>  A,  and 
lillied  organization  work. 

Wm  haom  a/so  amnt  our  Atnmricam  rsprs* 
fntativ  to  Franco  for  tk*  caneanicne* 
of  omr  friondt,  with  koadoaartmrt  at 
tho  offieo  of  tho  CrotHi  Comumtrtial 
Jo  Franco,   20  Rmo  Lafayolto,   Farit. 

BROWN  BROTHERS  &  CO. 

Philadelphia  NEW  YORK  Bmus 

BROWN,  SHIPLEY  &  COMPANY 

Fonnden  Court,  Lothbury  OiBca  for  Timmm 

LONDON.  K.  0.  Ut  FSII  MsO.  LONDON,  S.  V. 


Our 

Human  Machines 

will  win  the  war. 

It  yourm  in  oondition  to  stand 
the  tense  mental  and  physical 
ttrain  of  Ha  coming  winter? 


If  you  are  not  sart, 
sure.  Take  •  little  recreation 
to  smooth  out  and  oil  up  its 
rough  bearings.  Forced  effort 
weaken*  the  heart— your  "  hu- 
man "  engine  slows  down. 
Give  yourself  an  intelligent 
rest  and  have  this  moat  im- 
portant "Human  Uachme" 
of  youra  set  right. 

It  is  your  patriotic  duty  to 
keep  suprmtuly  Af  now. 

and,  in  tUt  connection—' 

THE  Glen  Spring! 

The  Pfeneer  American  "Cur*" 

For  Heart  Disorders 
WATKINS  OLEN         NEW  YORK 

Wn.  B.  LeSagweU.  Prts. 


Digitized  by  VJ^^VJV  IV^ 


1918 

WHITTIER  TO  ENGLISHMEN 

Most  telling  at  this  junctare  is  the  fol- 
lowing excerpt  from  your  Whittier's  poem, 
]>ubli8ned  18o3,  "  To  Englishmen  :" 

( >  Englishmen  !  in  hope  ami  creed, 

In  word  and  tongne,  our  brothers '. 

We  too  are  heirs  of  Rnnnymede  ; 

And  Shakespeare's  fame  and  Cromwell's 

deed 
Are  not  alone  our  mother's. 

'*  Tliicker  than  water,"  in  one  rill 
Through  centuries  of  story 
(  hir  iSaxon  bluod  has  flowed,  and  still 
^Ve  share  with  you  its  good  and  ill, 
The  shadow  and  the  glory. 

Believe  me,  with  fraternal  {greetings. 
Yours  in  sincerity, 
(Rev^  Theodore  P.  Brocklehurht, 
♦   Vicar  of  Gi^leswick-in-Craven, 
Yorkshire,  England. 


HOW   THE   LAW   REFINED 
HIS   JOB 

BY   C.  B.  IBERSHOFF 

The  other  day,  while  traveling  tlirough 
Michigan,  I  fell  into  conversation  with  a 
fellow-passenger.  We  happened  to  be  dis- 
cussing the  recently  enacted  prohibition 
law  of  the  State  when  the  conductor,  who 
was  close  enough  to  overhear  us,  joined  in 
our  conversation.  Being  a  man  of  experi- 
ence, hia  testimony  as  to  the  remarkable 
change  wrought  by  the  Michigan  dry  law 
will  no  doubt  prove  interesting  to  many  of 
your  readers  and  may  possibly  be  used  as 
an  argument  to  hasten  the  advent  of  pro- 
hiltition  in  other  States  of  the  Union,  not 
to  mention  foreign  countries. 

"  I  have  sometimes  had,"  the  conductor 
informed  ns,  "  as  many  as  one  hundred  and 
Kf  ty  drunks  on  my  train.  There  have  been 
tiiiiee  when  we  Iiad  literally  a  solid  row  of 
broken  windows  in  one  car.  Frequently  I 
iiave  had  to  act  the  part  of  a  prize-fighter, 
nnce  there  was  not  lung  for  me  to  do  But  to 
lail  into  the  more  violent  drunks  and  subdue 
item.  On  such  occasions  I  have  often  had 
he  welcome  assistance  of  commercial 
'.ravelers.  For  me  the  dry  Uw  has  indee<l 
iroved  a  bleaeing,  for  it  has  transfonned 
ny  job  into  a  gentleman's  job."  And  as  lie 
fioke  his  worcb  had  the  unmistakable  ring 
>f  truth  and  personal  gratitude. 


MY   COUNTRY,   RIGHT   OR 
WRONG 

We  frequently  rea<l  articles  in  which 
here  is  a  refusal  to  a^ree  with  the  words 
f  Decatur  :  "  In  her  mtercourse  with  for- 
ifrn  nations  mav  she  always  be  right ;  but 
ur  country,  right  or  wrong." 

Xheee  critics  do  not  get  the  real  meaning 
f  his  words.  Many  years  ago  I  remember 
earing  a  daughter  apologize  to  a  sheriff 
sr  paying  the  fine  against  her  father  and 
kking  him  home.  She  said,  "Drunk  or 
jber,  he  is  my  father."  She  recognized  the 
tlaiionshiu  as  forever  settled,  and  also 
er  obligation  to  the  father  under  any  and 
11  circumstances.  Decatur  Iwd  but  one 
yuntry.  He  could  have  no  other.  He 
ished  it  to  always  be  in  the  right,  but, 
ght  or  wrong,  it  remained  his  country 
m1  liis  obligation  to  it  fixed,  unchangeably 
K«<J>  because  of  that  relationship.  I  can 
le  no  reason  for  criticism  of  liis  words. 
L.  M.  Grimes. 

IhMt  MoiiMm,  Iowa. 


THE   OUTLOOK 


267 


Your  Tooth  Brush 

Can  be  Ten-Fold  More  Effective 

A//  Statcmeiits  Appr<n<ed  by  High  Dental  Authorities 


You  Omit  the  Film 


Ordinary  brushing,  as  millions 
know,  fails  to  save  the  teeth. 

Teeth  still  discolor,  still  decay. 
Tartar  forms  and  pyorrhea  starts. 
From  time  to  time,  accumulations 
must  be  removed  by  a  dentist. 

The  trouble  lies  in  a  clinging  film 
which  is  constantly  formed  on  the 
teeth.  That  is  the  cause  of  most 
tooth  troubles.  And  that  is  what 
you  largely  fail  to  reach. 

This  film  is  what  discolors,  not 
your  teeth.  It  hardens  into  tartar. 
It   holds   food  which   ferments   and 


forms  acid.  '  It  holds  the  acid  in 
contact  with  the  teeth  to  cause  de- 
cay. 

Millions  of  germs  breed  in  it. 
They,  with  tartar,  are  the  chief  cause 
of  pyorrhea.  So  that  film  is  the 
teeth's  great  enemy — the  one  which 
you  must  combat. 

Dental  science  had  for  years  sought 
a  way  to  fight  it.  Now  that  way  is 
found.  Clinical  tests  have  proved 
this  beyond  question. 

It  is  now  embodied  in  a  dentifrice 
called  Pepsodent,  and  we  urge  you 
to  see  what  it  does. 


Try  This  Way  Once 


That  film  is  albuminous,  so  we  now 
apply  pepsin  to  it — the  digestant  of  al- 
bumin. The  object  is  to  dissolve  the  film, 
in  crevices  and  elsewhere.  Then  to  con- 
stantly prevent  its  accumulation. 

Pepsin  must  be  activated,  and  the  usual 
agent  is  an  acid  harmful  to  the  teeth. 

A  harmlias  method  has  l>een  found  to 
activate  the  pepsin.  Five  governments 
have  already  granted  patents.  That  method 
is  employed  in  Pepsodent  alone.  And  many 
tests  have  proveU  its  efficiency  on  film. 
It  is  endorsed  by  many  able  authorities. 

You   can   quickly   see  that    Pepsodent 


does  what  nothing  else  has  done.  One 
week  will  give  you  a  new  idea  of  what 
teeth  cleaning  means. 

Send  the  coupon  for  a  One- Week  tube. 
Use  it  like  any  tooth  paste  and  watch  the 
results.  Note  how  clean  your  teeth  feel 
after  using.  Mark  the  absence  of  the  slimy 
film.  See  how  teeth  whiten  as  the  fixed 
film  disappears. 

Do  this  for  your  teeth's  sake.  Compare 
the  results  with  the  old  ways.  You  can 
judge  for  yourself.  After  that  week  you 
will  never  r<tum  to  old  methods,  we 
believe.   Cut  out  the  coupon  now. 


tjmtum  your  tmpty  tooth  pa*t»  tubrn*  to  th*  naarmtt  Rmd  Crott  Station 


The  New-Day  Dentifrice 


Sold  by  Druggiats  Everywhere — 
A  Scientific  Product 

(IM) 


One -Week  Tube  Free 

THE  PEPSODENT  CO. 

Dept.  184,  1 104  S.  Wabash  Ave., 

Chicago,  111. 

Mail  One- Week  Tube  of  Pepsodent  to 


Name  .  ■ 
Addrou  ■ 


Digitized  by  VJ^^^^V  iC 


268 


THE   OUTLOOK 


16  Oetobct 


THE    NATION'S 

INDUSTRIAL 

PROGRESS 

Beliering  that  the  advance  of  basineas  ia  a  sabject 
of  vital  interest  and  importance,  The  Oatlook  will 
present  under  the  above  headings  frequent  dig- 
cnssiona  of  subjects  of  industrial  and  commercial 
interest.  This  department  will  include  paragraphs 
of  timely  interest  and  articles  of  edacational  value 
dealing  with  the  indostrial  upbuilding  of  the 
Nation.     Comment  and    suggestions  are   invited. 

MANY    GOVERNMENT 

USES    FOR    MOTOR 

TRUCKS 

SINCE  our  entrance  into  the  war  the 
motor  truck  has  come  to  play  a  most 
important  jmrt.  It  has  become  a  vital 
factor  in  war  transportation,  and  is 
employed  for  an  endless  variety  of  purposes 
bv  the  Government.  It  is  now  a  common 
sight  to  see  numbers  of  large  trucks  roll- 
ing through  the  streets  and  along  tlie 
liighways  carrying  war  material  of  every 
<lescription. 

At  tlie  front  the  motor  truck  is  abso- 
lutely indispensable.  It  carries  food,  ammu- 
nition, and  all  sorts  of  supplies  to  the  firing 


TRENCH  BCAVEKOER 

The  tank  and  powerful  pumps  are  used  to  lift 

water  and  iilth  from  the  trenches  and  pools  and 

to  perform  other  sanitary  work 

line.  It  often  carries  fresh  troops  forward 
and  conveys  the  wounded  to  the  rear.  It  is 
extensively  used  in  the  camps  and  canton- 
ments for  every  conceivable  purpose  of 
transportation. 

For  example,  United  States  road  engi- 
neers in  France  are  u.sing  tliousands  of 
motor  trucks  in  construction  work  back  of 
our  lines.  Hundreds  of  miles  of  highways 
have  been  built  this  past  summer.  Special 
trucks  used  in  tliis  work  comprise  dump 
trucks,  road  oilers,  pressure  sprinklers, 
printing-press  ti-ucks  for  making  blue- 
prints quickly,  machine-shop  trucks,  black- 
smith and  tool-repairing  trucks,  etc. 

In  this  country  the  motor  truck  lias  be- 
come a  most  important  supplement  to  the 
National  railway  transportation  system. 
Truck  trains  are  operating  between  the 
large  manufacturing  and  shipping  centers, 
and  thus  a  huge  volume  of  Army  and  Navy 
supplies  is  kept  constantly  moving. 

The  Government  is  also  rapidly  estab- 
lishing postal  truck  routes  between  im- 
portant points,  and  rural  parcel  post 
delivery  by  motor  truck  is  becoming  quite 
general. 

The  accompanying  photogi:aphsi8haw>a 
few  of  the  many  new  war  uses  for  motor 
trucks.  These  have  been  furnished  us 
through  the  courtesy  of  tlie  White  Ck>m- 
pany  of  Cleveland. 


HADLENO   GOAL,   AHHES,  WOOD.   AND   OARBAOE 


1918 


THE  OUTLOOK 


269 


Mellins 
Food 


Girl 


If  yoar  baby  is  not 
doing  as  well  as  you 
hoped  he  would,  use  the 
Mellin's  Food  Method 
of  Milk  Modification. 
It  has  raised  thousands 
of  the  brightest  and 
healthiest  babies  in  the 
world. 


Wriu  for  a  Fn»  Trial  Bottk 

of  Me/Un's  Food  and  our 

helpful  book,   'Tka 

Care  and  Feeding 

oflnfanu." 

Mellin'g  Food  Company 

Boston,  MiM. 


Reduce  Your  Weight 

You  can  get  rid  of  excels 
flesh  aa  Biire  as  siinri^jn 
tomorrow.  If  you  <lo  not 
poaseaa  a  perfect  fignre,  cor- 
rect pviseaad  abundant  A»ii(/i . 
lel  me  help  you.  Yon  eui 
accomplish  these  things  in 
I  simple  way — in  your  room. 
I  know  you  can  becmiiw  V\  i> 
lielped  &),(W0  women  and  what  I 
teve  dou)  for  ao  miuiy  I  can  tlu 


1^ 


TOO. 


i*t  reduce  by  dnipj  or  diet 
■Jbnv.  Tou'll  look  old  if  v»ii  do 
You  abotlld  liaVH  the  proiier  exvt- 
«JmB  to  reduce  your  figure  jc.s/ 
whtiV  you  ICdlit  it  rriturnl. 

I  boul  yoor  >itality,  strcnctJlPn 
yoar  haait  and  t«ach  you  to  ataud, 
walk  mmI  brttttlio  correctly,  aa  I 
radaoeyoa. 

II  yoa  Mnd  me  your  heielit,  I'll  tell  you  jtuit  what 
you  abonld  weli;n.  No  eliarve— ainl  I'll  send  you 
mv  W-FUe  llltntrated  booklet  FRKK.  Write  me. 
I'd   Uke  to  tell  you  of  my  wmuiei-ful  exi)erienoe. 

SVHANNA    COCK OFT 

Oept.8       6X4  Booth  Micliicau  Avenue 

CHIOAOO,  ILL. 


G 


Not  a  -word  is  yet  read  -,  tKe 
mere  look  of  it  tells  tke  ^ory 

ranes 
oSnen  dCate)n 

I  THE  CORRECT  WRITING  PAPER  ] 

Kas  a  distinction,  in  style  diat  is 
not  questioned.  Its  Quality  and 
deptk  of  diaracfter  is  apparent 
%at>U  san^JessetHon  reaue^^rbvtr^jlixmts 


EATON,  CRANE  &f  PIKE  CQ 

N«wYork  PitttfieliMiM 


Digitized  by 


Gooj^e 


272 


THE    OUTLOOK 


BY  THE   WAY 


Mrs.  Humphry  Ward,  m  her  RecoUec- 
taoas  published  in  "  Harper's  Magazine," 
gives  this  unstinted  praise  to  America  in 
speakingof  her  visit  here  in  1908 :  "  Our 
week  at  Washington  . .  .  our  first  acquaint- 
ance with  Mr.  I&osevelt,  then  at  the  Wliite 
House,  and  with  American  men  of  politics 
and  affairs,  like  Mr.  Root,  Mr.  Garfield, 
and  Mr.  Bacon — set,  all  of  it,  in  spring 
suYishine,  amid  a  sheen  of  white  magnolias 
and  May  leaf — will  always  stay  with  me  as 
a  time  of  pleasure,  unnnxed  and  unspoilt, 
such  as  one's  fairy  godmother  seldom  pro- 
vides without  some  medicinal  drawback !" 

The  hundreds  of  new  ships  that  are  being 
built  must  havie  cooks  as  well  as  sailors, 
and  the  United  States  Shipping  Board  is 
training  young  men  for  tiiis  work.  Some  of 
the'  Board's  advice  to  the  new  cooks  is 
interesting : 

Never  have  sdeky  pUtes  or  dishes.  Use  very  hot 
'water  for  washins-thera. 

Keep  yonr  hands  very  clean.  Try  t»  prevent 
your  naiU  from  getting  black  or  dUoolored. 

Don't  scatter  in  yonr  galley  ;  clean  up  as  yon  go.; 
pat  scalding  water  into  each  Baooepaa  as  yon  finish 
usingrit. 

Never  sorub  the  inside  of  a  frying-pan ;  mb  it 
with  wet  silver-sand ;  rinse  it  out  well  with  hot 
water  afterwards. 

Keep  nnk  and  sink-bmsh  very  clean.  Do  not 
throw  cabbage  water  down  sink ;  throw  it  away,  as 
its  smell  is  very  bad. 

CSean  coppers  with  tnrpendne  and  fine  brickdost, 
rubbed  on  with  flannel.  Clean  tin  with  soap  and 
whiting  mixed,  made  into  a  thick  cream  with  hot 
watisr. 

The.  type  of  young  men  the  Board  is 
training  for  the  job  of  cook  on  its  ships  will 
no  doubt  elevate  the  profession  until  the 
phrase  "  son  of  a  sea  cook  "  wUl  become 
one  of  praise  instead  of  contumely. 

"We  have  entered  upon  a  social  era," 
.  Charles  M.  Schwab  is  reported  to  have  said 
recently,  "  in  which  the  aristocracy  of  the 
future  wiU  be  men  who  have  done  some- 
thing for  humanity  and  for  their  nationsk 
There  will  be  no  rich  or  poor.  The  rich  men 
are  learning  this — and  I  am  a  rich  man, 
I'm  told.  But  there  has  never  been  a  time 
in  my  life  that  1  had  the  sense  of  posses- 
.sion  or  that  my  riches  gave  me  any  nappi- 
ness.  It  is  the  doing  of  something  useful 
that  has  made  me  happy." 

"  One  often  hears,"  writes  an  old  New 
Yorker,  "  complaints  about  the  rudeness  of 
manners  in  New  York  City.  Two  little 
incidents  that  happened  to  me  recently  are 
to  b^  placed  on  the  other  side  of  the  bal- 
ance. I  tried  in  vain  to  replace  a  large 
glass  stopper  for  a  bottle.  1  finally  went 
mto  a  big  wholesale  drug  house.  I  hesi- 
tated to  ask  the  busy  clerks  about  so  trivial 
a  matter.  At  last  I  spoke  to  one  of  them. 
'  Glass  stoppers  of  tliat  size  are  scarce  now,' 
he  said.  '  But  perhaps  you  could  use  a 
large  wooden  plug.  141  see  if  I  can  find 
one  for  you  In  the  cellar.'  To  my  astonish- 
ment tliis  man  left  his  desk  and  went  down 
cellar  to  accommodate  a  stranger.  He  soon 
brought  me  a  wooden  stopper. '  I  don't  know 
whether  that  will  answer,'  he  said,  politely, 
'  but  you  are  welcome  to  it.'  That  man's 
act  offsets  a  good  many  discourtesies." 

"  The  other  incident  was  this,"  the  old 
New  Yorker  continued.  "  I  had  to  go  to 
Piatt  Street.  I  asked  several  people  to 
direct  me,  but  g^t  mixed  up.  Finally  I 
hailed  an  express-wagon  driver.  '  An  'ex- 
pressman,' I  said  to  him, '  ought  to  know 
the  streets.  Will  you  kindly  tell  ihe  wliere 
Piatt  Street  is  ?'  The  man  actually  got  down 
*rom  his  wagon  to  direct  me  I   Ana  he  was 


the  only  man  that  seemed  to  know.  How 
many  New  Yorkers,  by  the  way,  can  tell 
where  Piatt  Street  begins  and  ends,  and 
whether  it  runs  parallel  with  or  at  right 
angles  to  Broadway  ?*' 

"  We  hear  a  lot  of  joking  about  the 
shortage  of  marriageable  men  on  account 
of  the  war,"  Senator  Smith,  of  Georgia,  is 
credited  with  saying,  "  and  I  guess  it  must 
be  true,  judging  from  a  proposal  I  just 
heard  of  from  my  State.  Here  was  how 
the  girl  worked  it  on  her  bashful  suitor : 
'  There  goes  our  minister,'  she  said.  '  He's 
very  poor.  I  wish  I  could  hand  him  a 
five.'  '  Let  me  do  it,'  exclaimed  the  youth, 
unsuspectingly,  ,in  a  fervor  of  benevolence. 
'Oh,  Archie,  this  is  so  sudden,'  bubbled 
the  sweet  young  thing,  and  what  chance 
did  he  have  ?" 

Speaking  of  the  waste  of  labor  in  China, 
Dr.  \y alter  E.  Weyl  says  :  "  It  is  a  sober- 
ing, even  a  tragic,  sight  to  watch,  hoar  after 
hour,  the  interminable  lines  of  sweating, 
overstrained  coolies  loading  the  coke  from 
the  river  boats  and  carrying  it  on  their 
shoulders  to  the  furnace  [m  the  great 
Hankow  iron  works].  The  intense  Tabor 
is  enervating,  devitalizing — and  useless ; 
machinery  would  do  the  work  more  effi- 
ciently. The  work  costs  from  five  to  ten 
times  as  much  as  in  an  American  mill 
where  wages  are  twenty  times  as  high." 

A  report  has  lately  been  received  on  the 
sale  of  the  two  pounds  of  White  House 
wool  apportioned  to  Alaska  in  connectlcfti 
with  the  second  war  fund  drive  by  the  Red 
Cross.  A  check  came  with  the  report,  and 
it  was  for  the  sum  of  $5,881.75,  whieh  was 
tlie  price  the  wool  brought  for  the  cause 
in  that  enthusiastic  section  of  Uncle  Sam's 
<lomain.  Alaska  topped  all  the  States  in 
tlie  Union  in  its  White  House  wool  record. 

A  French  comic  paper  contains  thfs  bit 
of  Gallic  humor:  First  Boulevardier : 
"  Why  did  you  avoid  looking  at  that  gentle- 
mart  when  he  passed?"  Second:  "He  is 
my  doctor,  and  as  I  haven't  been  sick  for 
three  years  I  feel  very  uncomfortable  when 
he  passes." 

With  reference  to  a  recent  paragraph  in 
this  column  about  Noah's  ark,  a  subscriber 
points  out  that  Genesis  vii.  2  calls  for  seven 
pairs  of  clean  beasts  and  birds,  not  two 
pairs,  and  tliat  tlierefore  the  ark  might  have 
oeen  crowded,  after  alL  One  of  the  latest 
autiiorities,  Hastings's  "  Encyclopiedia  of 
Religion  and  Ethics,"  says  on  this  subject : 

Most  of  us  have  from  childhood,  through  the 
influence  of  pictures  and  toy  arks,  been  accustomed 
to  imagine  Noah's  Ark  as  a  great  vessel  with  a  huge 
raised  hold  in  the  middle.  But  there  is  notliing  in 
the  Bible  narrative  to  suggest  anything  o( the  kind. 
The  Ark  was  mthera  huge  box  with  a  closed  door 
and  dark  windows.  Large  as  this  box  was,  it  was 
infinitely  too  small  to  contain  sevens  of  all  clean  ani- 
mals and  piirs  of  unclean  animals.  .  .  .  The  whole 
is  narrated  in  a  simple  childlike  way  by  those  who 
evidently  did  not  see  the  difficulties  and  obviously 
could  not  have  seen  them  then  as  we  see  them  now. 

The  persistence  of  Noah's  fame  is  in- 
dicated oy  the  following  story  clipped  from 
"Tit- Bits:" 

A  khaki-clad  driver  was  trying  to  drive  a  mule, 
drawing  a  load  of  laundry,  through  a  hospital  gate. 
The  juule  would  do  anything  but  pass  through  the 
gate.  "  Want  any  'elp,  chum  7"  shouted  one  of  (he 
hospital  orderlies.  "  No,"  replied  the  driver,  "but 
I'd  like  to  know  how  Noah  got  two  of  these 
blighters  into  the  Ark !" 

For  stirpicultural  reasons,  it  is  needless 
to  n<l(l,  Noah  and  his  crew  didn't  have  to 
trouble  themselves  with  a  pair  of  mules 
when  they  were  axsembling  their  cargo. 


Herman 
*       Style  51 


Hmd/or  Catal»i-t 


IJAVE  you  thought  o^  Her- 
man Shoes  as  being  exclu- 
sively for  military  use? 

They  are  worn  by  hundred* 
of  thousands  of  civilians  who 
respect  their  feet. 

Scientific  construction  cxi  the 
famous  Muuson  foot-form  lasts 
— as  required  for  U.  S.  Army 
men — plus  the  use  of  t<>j>.gratle 
leathers  and  fittings,  gives  Her- 
man Shoes  the  comfort  and  vrar 
that  distinguish  fine  footwear 
f  jrom  ordinary. . 

If  you  are  ready  to  select  your 
shoes  with  the  same  care  for  fit 
and  feel  as  your  suits,  gloves 
and  hats,  get  Herman  ^bees. 

Sold  in  8,000  retail  stores.  If  jvm 
are  hot  near  one,  we  will  fit  yoa 
correctly  and  quickly  thnragfa  oar 
MAIL  OKDEK  DEP'T  at  Bomou 

JOS.  M.  HERMAN  SHOE  CO. 

833  Albany  Bldg. 
BOSTON,    MASS. 

IIIIIIHIIIIIllllllillDllilllllKIIIIIIIKil 


Imporunt  to  Sobscribers  STciS^^^ilSS 

both  old  Aii(l.ji«w  .i-Uicit  aliould  beipTva.   )Siiltr  «-tft 
if  poMible,  two  n's!tt.Ls  b.ture  the  cIuuik«  ia  to  t^e  t^'l 


Head 


Ache 


What  Each  Pain  UeaoK  Ha  Caoaa  and 

Ttiereareahalf.<JozeaorqioreMndsoC  bndacb 
each  bu  a  mwining  of  It*  own.     Each 
••rtain  oause.    Woiddltnot  be  worth  . 
1— ;l-tnimThintTrtist  isnti  em  nfttir  «i  iiaT— 
and  how  loeradlcate  them?    Wbattodofereai 


in  the  head  to  Immwllatdy  wUeve  tt  and  ttoi 
preventarsouiisiiosoflt  without  t«fcln««rt>.i 
or  potion  of  any  sort    Is  nnfotdedlnaa     ~ 


tweatlng  53«iuier  l>y  Bemarr  MacbuMem. ^ 

"PhyjicalCiilturc"m«tailiirlBabookStlU»grihM 
(kA^-Hov  Cttmt."  This  book  should ' 


If  you  wUl  send  na  your  aubKiintioa  to  "l 

titfe**inanxlaefort}ireemoothaattben_ 

soc.  we  will  mall  you  a  copy  of  Mr.  Bta^w 
book*b*eliMelyri«e*fehaf«e.  "Phyrieal' 
la  not  only  an  aathority  on  heakh.  bat  fil 


fiOvd  ftff!  I 


month  to  month  with  sbaoiiHnK  artjwka.of  yenJj 


tcreat.  Sand  oayouraubsciiptloa  NOW 
aUe  bookwlU  bemiMJayoMatonM - 

PHT8ICAI.  mTITKE  rV: 

lt9  W.  40tli  St..  Snita  8IO, 


loNMJtat. 

OBtsimno 


Sid 


THE   OUTLOOK 


273 


Google 


Digitized  by 


274 


NATURE'S  "FIRST  AID" 
FOR  PAIN 

There  is  a  new  and  better  way  to  relieve  Mfn 
— ^yet  the  principle  is  as  old  as  Nature.  You 
know  the  soothing  and  lif«ltnfif  effect  of  a  mm 
bath.  TheTHEkMOLITE  reproduces  the  ac- 
tion of  sunlight  by  a  ecieiititic  arrangement  of 
a  special  electric  tarap  hi  a  reflector  bo  designed 
that  the  radiant  light  and  heat  rays  penetrate 
the  tissues.  Tliia  relieves  Pain  by  removing 
congestion  and  increasing  the  circulation  of  the 
blood  in  the  affected  parts. 

"SAFE  AS 'SUNLIGHT" 

U»ed  in  all  Gov't  Hospitals  and  Cantonmtnls 

This  simple,  safe,  and  modem  method  is  far 
more  efflcieni,  convenient,  and  quicker  tlian 
any  Bui>erflcial  application  of  ht^t  such  as  hot 
water,  jtoullices.  etc.,  for  the  tr*^atment  of  mus- 
cular sorpness,  backache,  stiff  neck,  nenralsia, 
sprainB,bruiBesaiid  the  tnimerouH  little  ailuients 
so  common  in  every  home.  THKRMOLITE  is 
always  ready— simply  attach  it  to  any  electric 
light  socket.  Costs  only  two  cents  an  hour  to 
oi>erate. 

No  mapic— no  mystery— no  drugs— just  plain 
common  sense. 

Actions  si>eak  plainer  than  words— won't  you 
give  THERMOLITE  an  opportunity  to  demon- 
strate its  usefulness   in  your  home  ?    It  will 
probably  help  you  ;  It  certainly  won't  harm  vou 
—and  if  you  don't  want  to  keep  THEFtMOLlTE, 
your  money  will  be  cheerfully  refunded. 
Write  us  for  details  or  s^-nd  jt9.(Ki  on 
the  above  baaisfor  THERMOLITE, 
complete.  Sold  by  surgical  and  elec- 
trical supply  dealers  evei-ywhere. 

B.CMcFADDIN  &  Co.,  41  Warren  St..  New  York 
Makers  of  Lighting  Appliances  since  1874 


How  I  Sold 
My  Real   Estate 

And  How  You  Can  Sell  Yours 
I  got  spot  cash  for  my  property  in  less 
than  two  weeks.  Made  sale  myself  so  had 
Ho  commissiems  to  pay.  If  you  want  to 
■ell  promptly  and  adTantageously,  don't  &U  to  g:et 
and  nse  TTAe  Simplex  Plant  for  Selling  Real  Estate. 
No  matter  in  wnat  part  of  the  United  States  yonr 
property  is  located,  tneae 
efficient  plans  urill  show 
yon  how  to  sell  it  qniokly 
and    for    cash  —  without 


Proof! 


**Bold  for  cuh  In  10 
days.  Recommend  your 
methods."  -  Wm.  H. 
Cartliindt  Ma$t.  "  Tour 
method  sold  my  farm 
for  cMh."  —  Mrs.  L.  A. 
Childs,    Minn^    "Sold 


my  property.  Tour  plan 
"Eeti  I     "    " 
inff, 
hotel    for 


the  quicken  I  ever  nw. 
—Johnson  Siring^  y.  J. 


"  Bold    my 

«5,37ft."— <?.  F.  Stetcnri, 
III.  "  Bold  my  busineaa. 
Tour  method  brought 

Sulck  retuma."—  W.  W. 
lOfuf^ramt  S.  7, 
(S.IM  vn»eftie>  mM  fa 
dM48StatH.) 


depending  upon  agents  or  pay- 
ing commiauons  to  anyone. 
These  plans  present  a  com- 
plete, practJcu  sod  sdantUlc 
system  for  selling.  Ther  are 
so  simple  to  understand  and 


so  easy  to  follow  that  any  in- 
telligent person  can  use  them 
to  the  fulbst  adTantace.  Write 


at  once  (a  poatal  wul  do)  to 
The  Simplex  Co,,  Dept.  C, 
1123  Broadway,  New  Tork.  and 
they  will  send  joa—ttmftout 
cost  or  oMtf/o/ion  —  oomolete 
information  regarding  these 
sncceeBful  selling  plans  and 
how  you  can  use  them  to  sell 
your  property  just  as  I  did. 


SCHOOLS    AMD    COLLKOS8 

OOHNECTIOUT 

The  Curtis  School  for  Young  Boys 

Hm  rrown  forty-lour  raui  and  U  still  under  the  sctire 

•liiacuon  al  its  toonder. 

FBanniOK  8.  Cohtii,  PriDcipa) 
OiBALD  B.  CDBm,  AuUtant  Prlnoipal 
BioomiLD  Onrrss,  CoHncncor. 


THE   OUTLOOK 


The  Outlook 

Co|9ticlit,  1918,  bj  The  Outlook  Company 

TABLE  OF  CONTENTS 

Vol.  120        October  23,  1918         No.  8 

ma  oirruxn  u  muuno  wam-T  tj  ma  oonooK  ooHriST, 
38t  pouani  ATBioa,  raw  tobx.  lawsbscb  w.  abbott, 
wwinairr.  >.  t.  rauivai,  tk>«bbuouit.  raAxx  o.  hott, 
TaBAnraaa.  bbbbr  a.  Abbott,  siCBarAaT.  tbatbbi  d. 
CABKAB,  ASTsansna  habaobb.  tbablt  nTBacBimoB— 
niTT-Tiro  lumi— rooB   doixabb  n   AOTABoa.      bxtbbbo 

At      SaOOBD-CLAH      HATTBa,      JOLT    11,     U93,     AT    T8B     KST 

orma  at  anr  tobk,  vbdbb  laa  act  or  habob  s.  i*n 


New  German  Crimes  at  Sea 277 

Hammering  the  Hun  ■•  He  Retreats 277 

The  Liberty  Loan.:  What  the  OoUart  will 

Do ;  lu  Permanent  Value 278 

A  Devastating  Fire 278 

The  Influenza  Bpidemie 279 

Putting  the  Sun  to  Work 279 

The  Firit  National  Park  in  the  Baat....  279 

Hope  for  the  Frenofa  Farmer 280 

Patriotism  in  Bdueation 280 

The  War  Camp   Community  Service 280 

Cartoons  of  the  Week 281 

.  .Shall  We  Have  •  Demooratio  Congress?  282 

The  President's  Peaoe  Negotiations 282 

Justice  to  Germany 283  ' 

^hat  is  There  to  be  Afraid  of? 284 

The  Boy  in  the  Bassinet 28S 

Music  at  the  Front :  An  Interview  with 

Walter  Damrosoh 286 

By  Gibriellc  Elliot 

Mrs.  Pankhurst's  Visit 287 

The  Captain  (Poem) 289 

Br  J.  Brainard  Thrall 

_Why  We  Need  a  Democratic  Congress..  289 

Br  the  Hon.  Champ  Clark.  Speaker  oi  the 
House  of  Rcpreacatatives 

The  American  Tax-Gatherer 291 

Br  Theodore  H.  Price  and  fUeherd  Spillane 

Soldiers  of  Rescue 294 

Br  Francia  Lrode 

Knoll  Papers  :   The  Community  Church .  296 
Br  Lrmaa  Abbott 

Current  Bvents  Illustrated 297 

The,  Career  of  a  Notable  Indian 302 

Br  Mahel  Powere  (Yebicnnobwehe) 

A  French  Schoolmaster 302 

I  Will  (Poem) 303 

Br  AJben  Aebary 

Some  High  Pricea  in  1863 303 

Br  Bessie  T.  Deoay 

Soldiers'  Reading  in  the  Civil  War 303 

Br  WillUm  F.  YoM 

Weekly  Outline  Study  of  Current  History  304 

By  J.  MadiioB  Gathaar,  A.M. 

A  Proletariat  Prayer 306 

Br  Don  C.  Scitz 

Shall  We  Let  Germany  RotP 306 

Br  W.  S.  Rainiiord 

The  New  Books 308 

The  Problem  of  a  New-Bom  Confidence  311 

The  Tin  Canary 27S 

Br  Charles  K.  Tarlor 

By  the  Way 314 


BT  SUBSCRIFTIO  M.M  A  YEAB.     Bingje  copies  10  oenu. 
For  foreign  aubscriptioii  to  ooontries  in  the  PoeUl  Union,  $6M. 
Address  sU  oaeamunioatlons  to 

THE  OUTLOOK  COMPANY 

381  Fourth  Arenne  New  Tork  City 


23  Oetobct 
TKACHKRS*    AQKNCIES 


The  Pratt  Teachers  Agency 

70  Fifth  Avenue,  Mew  fork 


BseomnADds  taacben  to  oollsKes,pabl!o  sndnrlnto  sdMob 
Adriees  parents  about  schools.    Win.  O.  Fratt.  Hft. 

SCHOOLS    AWPCOLLEoTs 


ILHHOI8 


Home  Study 


r 

I  (27tli  Year) 

I  Ihirfattt  Commnnirartmi,  Forms  of  NbBa 

I  Ad<b«as — and  more  than  4Q0  other  Academic 

I  ancl  prof eanoxuJ  coureea  are  offwd  fav  oocio> 

I  apondcoce.    Addreaat 

I  ISI^  Inimnratti)  nf  (Sifixagfi 

3L  PivMon  10.  CMcaeo,  lit 


MARVLANO 


Educate  Your  ChiU 

In  Yonr  Own  Home 

Under  Oat  dlreutki  ot 

CALVERT  SCHOOL,  lac 

(EibMUhia  1897) 

A  aaiqoeBreteoi  by  mweni  of  wfaiek 
ehlldnn  fiani  Undsicaitcn  to  u 
years  of  ase  may  be  ednoatad  St  bnac 
nnder  the  guidance  o(  aaobool  tntki 
nstfoosl  irautatkn  for  tzsininK  d^ 
dran.  For  mtormatian  write,  dbmi^ 
age  of  child.  Ahu  aak  for  cimkr 
CO  Mr.  RiDyer-B  new  book  "Odi 
Ttafadng." 

The  Celwrt  School.  2  Chase  St..  BaHJM lU. 

Y.  M.  HOITIH.  AB.  (HsiTsrd).  T     " 


MA«»AOMU»ETT8 


iJHsstiiHusai'ts,  Barre. 
TTT  Ur  XJTf  T    A  Private  Home  and  School  fst 
HUM  rllLl.  Beaolent  ChUdren  And  ToaOu 

BkUltal  and  aSeothaaita  oare.  Inricors^faiK  air.  39Mir 
farm.  Home  daiiT.  All  modeni  oonTenieooas.  FnaBl 
onahip.  Health,  hsDptauss,  elBciencT.  Mtb  ]<k 
OaoBoa  A.  Baovx,  M.D..  O.  Paacr  Baowa.  Us>. 


WALNUT  HILL  SCHOOL 

«3  HiKhland  St.,  Natlck.  Maaa. 
A  Oolletie  Prepaiaiorr  School  lorOirls.  17  miles  troia 
Mfta  Conant,  Mlaa  BIkoIow,  Princlp 


,  Principals. 


MISS  CAPEN'S  SCHOOL  FOR  CM 

For  many  yean  known  aa  '*  Tlie  Bambam  Bobocd.** 

48rd  year  opens  September,  1919. 

CorreipondezMe  abonkl  be  addreeeed  to 

Hlw  B.  T.  Capkm,  Principal,  NonKAMnus.  Mam. 


FOR 
GIRLS 


The  Burnhaffl  School 

NORTHAMPTON,  MASSACHUSETT* 

Founded  br  Starr  A.  Barnhsm  In  IS7T 

Opposite  Smith  CoDege  Campos 

MI8*  HELEN  E. THOMPSON,  HMdrnktm 


9 

DfcSMwala 


SHORT-STORY  WIUTING 

A  eonne  o(  foitr  Isssoos  in  tba  liiMoer.  t""- 
lstroeture,sndwTltln«otthelia«il  IWeiilsuaMt? 
Ti  I  itiniiiMiiiiB.fiii  jiiisyaiiii  if  HfsiM^n 

ISO-pagt  eataUiffUMfi-M.     fUoss  a  Jilrws 
Tin  HSIE  COKBISFOIBEirB 
Dfpt.  ■  S| 


THE  MISSES  ALLEN  SCHCX>L 

life  hi  the  open.  AthleUoa.  HooaaholdAitB.  OoDipiri 
general  coursss. 

Each  girl's  personalitr  obserred  sod  dertfopad.  WibfB 
booklet. 

WbctR] 


NEW   JERSEY 


KENT  PLACE,  Summit  N.  J. 

A  country  achool  for  glrli  30  mllea  from  New  Task.  C<Ca> 
Preparatoryand  Aoacbinio Coai 
Mrs.  Sarak  WeadMea  Pail,  Wh 


■  Aaaa  S.  W. 


NEW    YORK    CITY 


UNION  THEOLOGICAL  SEMINART 

Broadway  at  IZOtk  Street 

Hew  Terk  CHr 

The  chaiter  reooires  that "  Bqnal  pilnHegea  <d  wAmin  « 

and  Instruction,  with  all  the  adrantages  at  tbs  IsV 

tion,  sliall  be  allowed  to  Students  of  every  iliiniiisiasiiin  '^ 

Christians."  Kiglitr-third  rear  began  Septemtier  S  He 

For  CataloKue,  addreei  THK  DXAN  Or  STDDKItT^ 


NEW    YORK 


SL  John's  Riverside  Hospital 
School  for  Norses 


YONKERS.    NEW  YORK 


general  gaining  to 

ments  one  year  nigh  echool  or  its  equiv 

Directress  of  Nurses,  Tonkera.  New  Tork. 


I  echool  or  Its  emiralsBt.  ApA  is  » 


STANDARD     H  Y  BI 
PIRITVAL,     80TC 

Just  Out.  A  New  Sonir  Book.  Ssmple  caf£<^ 
demonstrate  its  ralue.  Kxsminsttoo  Copy  Bosrd  SV-Cko  > 
The  BlKlow  and  BUln  Co..  Now  York  -  CliiM* 

Digitized  by  VJWVJV  IV^ 


1918 


THE   OUTLOOK 


275 


THE  TIN  CANARY 

BY   CHARLES   K.  TAYLOR 

Many  things  in  the  new  coontry  please 
as,  members  of  the  American  Expeditionary 
Force  in  France,  on  arrival,  out  if  one 
thing  broag[ht  spontaneous  whoops  more 
than  any  oUier  thing  it  was  the  "  tin  ca- 
nary "  !  I  don't  know  how  many  have  given 
it  that  name,  or  even  if  it  is  in  process  of 
spreading  from  the  battalion  in  which  it 
began,  but  some  of  the  fellows  dabbed 
them  "  tin  canaries  "  on  sight,  and  the  name 
seems  far  too  appropriate  to 'die  easily. 

This  creature  came  as  &  culmination  of 
mnnMng  affairs.  Perhaps  the  tint  were  the 
diminutiTe  fishing  boats,  black,  with  prodig- 
iously large  black  or  dark-red  sails.  These 
came  snooping  around  the  transport  when 
near  the  harbor,  and  their  crews,  of  one 
or  two  black-whiskered  sailors,  exchanged 
cheerful  foolishness  with  the  whoopmg 
young  soldiery  on  the  crowded  decks.,  ^me 
of  the  boys  had  thus  their  first  opportunity 
for  trying  out  their  slim  stores  of  French, 
and  about  the  best  they  could  accomplish 
were  "  Bong  jew "  and  "  Parlez  vouz 
frencfaez!"  At  which  the  boatmen  would 
give  vent  to  shrieks  of  laughter  and  much 
waving  of  hands. 

The  tugboats  provided  amusement,  too  ; 
bat  the  fint  real  thrill  of  delight  came  vb&a 
the  column  passed  two  dignified  old  grand- 
fathers, sitting  side  by  side  in  a  hig^ 
wheeled  wagon,  wearing  flat  black  hats, 
from  the  rear  of  which  dangled  a  couple 
of  yard-long  black  ribbons !  These  were 
the  cause  of  hilarious  remarks,  although 
the  respectable  grandfathers  fortunately 
found  most  of  these  remarks  untranslata- 
ble. 

When  passing  through  a  freight  yard, 
however,  our  ears  were  assaulted  oy  a 
number  of  high,  shrill  steam  shrieks,  evi- 
dently raised  around  a  neighboring  comer 
in  shrewish  feminine  indignation.  The 
column  stopped  at  once,  and  around  that 
corner  csame  one  of  those  cunning  little 
machines  these  folks  bluff  themselves  into 
believing  are  real  railway  engines.  On  it 
hopped,  with  its  shiny  brass  boiler  and  with 
no  ODvions  means  of  propulsion,  the  driving 
gear  being  discreetly  hidden  underneath. 

And  uter  it  came  what  looked  like  a 
collection  of  black  Wild  West  coaches.  It 
shrieked  once  more  right  in  our  faces,  at 
'which  the  column  roared  with  laughter. 
It  was  really  too  absurd !  It  was  greeted 
^th  expressions  not  supposed  to  be  used 
in  best  social  circles. 

"  Hey,  buddy !"  yelled  one  soldier,  with 
a.  sadden  happy  inspiration,  to  a  friend  down 
the  line :  "  Git  on  to  the  tin  canary :"  And 
**  tin  canaries  "  they  forthwith  became  to  us. 

And  then  eaxae  a  black,  horrid  insult. 
While  the  column  still  waited,  a  vast  bulk 
moved  from  behind  a  freight  house,  and 
there  we  beheld  a  welcome  sight — a  big, 
«raIloping,  Christian,  American  buUgine. 
"Fhere  was  no  doubt  about  the  home 
■pAaee  of  that  big,  silent  black  elephant. 
On  it  came,  smooth  and  stately,  and  then, 
scat  I  right  in  our  faces  it  shrieked  in  a 
bigh  fusetto  through  one  of  those  ridicu- 
lous canary  whistles  I 

No  wonder  it  sneaked  off  in  shame, 
»nd  one  and  all  felt  a  real  sympathy 
for  the  indignity  that  had  been  put  upon 
the  monster. 

And  not  one  soul  smiled  until  there 
dame  in  sight  a  foreira  soldier  decked  in 
bright-red  trousers.  Then  the  world  grew 
bright  again. 

■Amsriosii  Bxpeditioiiai7  Force  in  Fnuioe. 


Your  pail  is  ready — fat,  meaty,  juicy  mackerel 
— send  no  money — try  the  fish  first. 


It's  thirty-four  years,  come  next 
September,  since  I  began  supplying 
the  choicest  of  Gloucester's  famous 
mackerel  direct  to  the  homes  of 
families  throughout  the  country. 

Oar  Own  Home  Kind 

People  here  in  Gloucester,  the  lead- 
ing fish  port  of  America,  laughed  at 
me  when  I  began  to  sell  mackerel  by 
mail.  They  didn't  realize  how  hard 
it  is  for  other  people  to  get  good  fish. 
But  I  did.  So  I  decided  to  make  it 
easy  for  everybody,  every- 
where, tohave  full-flavored, 
wholesome  fish,  the  kind 
we  pick  for  our  own  eat- 
ing herd  at  Gloucester. 
85,000  families  are  buying 
from  us  today. 

FUhmen  for  Generatiozi 

You  see,  I  inow  Gsh.  My 
folks  'way  back,  have  always 
been  fishmen.  They  helped 
found  Gloucester  in  1623.  My  boyhood 
days  were  spent  aboard  fishinig  boats. 
Catching  fish,  knowing  the  choicest  and 
pickinE  them  out,  cleaning  and  curing 
them  the  ri^At  way,  has  been  my  life's  job. 

Thirty  Yean'  DcTelopment 

Today  our  business  is  housed  in  a  mod- 
em, four-story,  concrete  building,  with 
20,000  square  feet  of  floor  space ;  fitted 
with  the  most  improved  and  sanitary 
equipment  for  cleaning  and  packing  fish, 
.Standing  at  the  water's  edge,  the  fisher- 
men's catches  are  brought  right  into  the 
building.  They  go  to  your  table  with 
"  the  tang  of  the  sea  "  in  them. 


Sack  sGoorfBreakfit  I 

A  tet,  tender,  juicy  t>>Tia' 
Hacketel  broiled  ta  »  bi- 
lling Imnm,  Kiiiie  butter, 
a  ■prlnUinR  of  pepper,  • 
tOQch  of  lemon,  ix  yoa 
M-:.:, — bow  good  it  anellft, 
I  -  v.-  tempting  it  loolu,  liow 
.  twklee  the  pelste,  end, 
oh,  how  it  Ktiaan!— the 
(•vorite  bnaUut  dlab  of 
thounnds. 


^yVtAV^  O*  wl/>^  Pftsident 

Fall  Mackerel,  Fat  and  Tender 

Most  of  the  fish  your  dealer  can  buy 
are  Spring  fish,  thin,  dry,  and  tasteless. 
What  I've  selected  for  you  are  Fall  fish, 
juicy  and  fat  with  the  true  salty-sea 
mackerel  flavor.  We  clean  and  wash  them 
before  weighing.  You  pay  only  for  net 
weight.  No  htads  and  no  tails.  Just  the 
white,  thick,  meaty  portions — the  parts 
that  make  the  most  delicious  meal  im- 
aginable. You  probably  have  never  tasted 
siut  mackerel  as  good  as  mine. 

Send  No  Casli-TrTthe  Mackerel  First 

I  want  you  to  know  before 
you  pay  that  my  fish  will 
please  yon.  If  there  is  any 
possibility  of  a  risk,  I  want  it 
to  be  at  my  expense.  J  ust  mail 
the  coupon  today,  and  I'll 
ship  at  once  a  pail  of  mv 
mackerel  containing  10  fi.sli, 
each  fish  sufficient  tor  3  or  4 
people,  all  dams  prepni,/, 
so  that  your  family  can  have  a 
real  Gloucester  treat  Sunday 
morning. 
Then— if  my  mackerel  are  not  better 
than  any  you  nave  ever  tasted,  send  back 
the  rest  at  my  expense. 

If  you  art  pleased  with  them — and  I'm 
sure  you  will  be — send  me  (4.90,  and  at 
the  same  time  ask  for  "  Descriptive  List 
of  Davis'  Fish,"  sold  only  direct,  never 
to  dealers.  Remember:  Meat,  flour,  po- 
tatoes, er'erything,  has  gone  'way  up  in 
{>rice.  In  comparison,  Davis'  mackerel  is 
ow.  An  economical  food — so  good  to 
eat,  so  nutritious  I  The  "  Sea  Food  Cook 
Book  "  that  goes  with  the  fish  will  tell  /*" 
you  just  bow  to  prepare  them.  ^ 

Mai]  tlM  ooupon  now  with  yoor  hniiniMi        / 

card,  letterheed  or  nfenoceL  ^   Fndl  E. 

Fnuik  E.  DavU  Co.  /    '*"*»  *^••• 

n  Ctwl  WtoH.qi»eiilM,  Ihii.      ^     lBCeitt.lWtorf 

Thr  Frank  B.  DnvU  Compamt  ^  ^  He«e««iT,  ■■>. 
it  prrfartd  to  mipvly,  at  In-  '  Without  obHKatlon 
trrrstina  prirrM^  iU  prwi'  .'  pleeee  tend  me,  all 
net  to  ooanJitiQ  ichooh,  '  chanrea  prepaid,  a  pall  of 
hotttt,  tnttitution*,  /  Da  Til'  MaclEerel— to  con- 
Hnh*  atift  hmpttitls.  ^  tain  lOflsh.  each  flah  niffl. 
Writt  /or  tprciai  >  dent  for  S  or  4  people.  1  agree 
tut.  ^       to  remit  >4  JU  In  ten  daya  or  n- 

.        turn  the  flah. 

/     Name _^_ 

^       Ltieet 


Clty- 
State- 


DJgitized  by 


Google 


276 


THE  OUTLOOK 


TVORY  Soap  is  acceptable  to  practically  everybody  for  the  toilet. 
The  white  cake  is  pleasing  to  the  eye.  Its  sweet,  natural, 
unobtrusive  odor  suggests  cleanliness.  Its  thick,  soft,  bubbling 
lather  feels  grateful  to  the  skin.  It  cleanses  thoroughly  without 
smarting  or  burning.  It  rinses  easily  leaving  no  sign  of  unsightly 
gloss.  Anyone  can  offer  Ivory  Soap  with  entire  confidence  to 
anyone  else,  for  almost  everyone  uses  it  at  home. 


» 


I    I 

* 


s.>x:l 


IVORY  SOAR 


.  99^0^  PURE 


''^  PLOAtS 


Digitized  by 


The  Outlook 

OCTOBER  23,  1918 
Offices,  381  Fourth  Avenue,  New  York 


NEW   GERMAN  CRIMES  AT  SEA 

When  the  American  people  read  the  story  of  the  German 
massacre  of  four  hundre<l  ana  eighty  persons  on  the  Irish  mail 
boat  and  passenger  steamer  Leinster  in  the  Irish  Channel,  they 
felt  that  righteous  indignation  which  impelled  President  Wilson 
to  denounce  in  his  re^My  to  Germany  the  "  acts  of  inhumanity, 
spoliation,  and  desolation  "  which  mark  the  withdrawal  of  the 
German  armies  as  well  as  the  sinking  at  sea  not  only  of  passen- 
ger ships  but  of  the  very  boats  in  which  the  passengers  and 
crews  wei-e  attempting  to  escape.  This  last  is  precisely  what  hap- 
pened in  the  case  of  the  Leinster.  Many  of  those  lost  were 
women  and  children ;  there  is  no  evidence  whatever  that  the 
Leinster  was  anything  but  a  non-combatant  passenger  vessel. 
Not  even  Germany's  misrepresentation  of  international  law 
could  excuse  the  act  of  firing  a  torpedo  into  this  ship,  while  the 
atrocity  of  bombarding  boats  which  were  being  laimched  in  a 
heavy  sea  or  were  already  afloat  containing  helpless  passengers 
in  l>eyond  conception,  and  is,  if  possible,  more  oarbarous  than 
Germany's  bomoing  of  plainly  marked  hospitals  and  her  sinking 
of  hospital  and  relief  ships. 

The  same  comment  is  true  of  the  destruction  of  the  Japanese 
liner  Hirano  Mam.  In  this  loss  some  three  hundred  persons 
were  killed,  including  a  large  proportion  of  women  and  children. 
Tho  cable  account  from  London  mimediately  after  the  disaster 
stated  that  only  twenty-eight  persons  survived,  and  added :  "  The 
vessel  sank  almost  immediately,  leaving  hundreds  struggling 
vainly  for  their  lives  in  the  water."  It  is  true  also  of  the  firing 
upon  our  warship  Ticonderoga  after  a  flag  of  truce  had  been  dis- 
played, and  of  the  firing  at  an  open  boat  and  turning  adrift  of  a 
raft  in  the  open  sea ;  one  account  says  that  the  submarine  tried 
to  pull  under  a  boat  of  the  Ticondert^^a  which  was  tied  to  it, 
:uhI  only  the  breaking  of  the  rope  saved  the  crew ;  murtler  was 
meant,  and  murder  it  was. 

We  Americans  can  turn  from  these  sickening  massacres  with 
pri<le  as  well  as  grief  to  our  own  loss  at  sea,  when  some  three 
liiiitdred  and  seventy-five  American  soldiers  died  bravely  and 
with  fortitude  on  the  transport  Otranto,  sunk  in  collision  with 
the  British  steamship  Kashmir  off  the  Irish  coast.  There  was 
no  panic  aboard ;  one  Enelish  correspondent  says  that  the 
Aiuerican  soldiers,  many  ot  whom  were  on  their  first  sea  trip, 
lived  up  to  the  finest  traditions  of  the  sea;  they  lined  up  on 
the  ship's  decks  and  obeyed  orders  with  perfect  discipline.  This 
is  one  of  those  war  disasters  which  are  inseparable  from  the 
liuigers  involved  in  transporting  enormous  armies  great  dis- 
zkiiees  by  sea.  Weather  conditions  were  in  large  part  responsi- 
:ile.  It  remains  true,  despite  this  and  other  losses,  that  we  have 
low  transported  almost,' if  not  quite,  two  million  soldiers  to 
h^iirope  with  a  percentage  of  loss,  whether  by  the  enemy  or  by 
lie  ordinary  perils  of  the  sea,  that  is  almost  negligible  when 
t  is  consider^  with  reference  to  the  superb  success  of  Amer- 
ca&n  and  British  effort  in  dealing  with  the  transportation 
tmlilem. 

A  notable  address  was  made  by  Sir  Eric  Geddes,  First  Lord  of 
1m*  British  Admiralty,  at  a  dinnergiven  by  the  Pilgrim  Society 
n  New  York  City  last  week.  Sir  Eric  made  definite  statements 
js  to  the  naval  activities  of  Great  Britain  and  the  United  States, 
^kid  an  eloquent  tribute  to  the  work  of  our  Navy  Department 
ri  itM  **  ooloosal  task  of  creating  a  magnificent  navy  out  of  a 
•oimlation  largely  engaged  in  pursuits  unconnected  with  the 
ea,"  declared  that  the  destruction  by  "  that  under-water  pest," 
h*>  submarine,  is  lower  to-<lay  than  it  ever  has  l>een  since  early 
1  1916,  and,  with  the  full  concurrence  of  Secretary  Daniels, 
< Tinted  out* that  "there  is  no  greater  service  that  can  be  ren- 
«.-red  by  the  civilians  of  the  United  States  to-day,  charged  with 


that  privilege  and  duty,  than  to  expe<lite  the  output  of  destroy- 
ers and  anti-submarine  craft  and  appliances  of  every  descrip- 
tion." 


HAMMERING   THE   HUN   AS   HE   RETREATS 

Naturally  public  attention  in  the  week  ending  October  15 
has  been  pre-eminently  occupied  with  the  notes  which  have 
passed  between  President  Wilson  and  the  German  Govern- 
ment. But  the  military  situation  is  a  part,  and  a  most  impor- 
tant part,  of  Germany's  attempt  to  negotiate  for  an  armistice. 
The  vital  purpose  of  the  repeated  attacks  and  victories  of  the 
Allies  is  not  so  much  to  drive  the  Germans  back  as  to  inflict 
damage  upon  them  while  they  are  retiring.  The  immeiliate 
desire  of  Germany's  generals  is  undoubtedly  to  get  out  of  their 
former  positions  and  oack  to  some  selected  line  (whether  that 
line  be  that  of  the  Meuse  or  the  Moselle,  or  any  other)  with  the 
least  possible  damage,  and  thus  to  escape  what  happened  to 
them  in  their  retreats  from  the  Mame  salient  and  the  St. 
Mihiel  salient.  Military  opinion  holds  that  the  diplomatic 
effort  of  the  Germans  aimed  to  secure  through  an  armistice  the 
acquiescence  of  the  AUies  to  their  withdrawalin  safety  with  vast 

rintities  of  ordnance,  munitions,  and  supplies.  In  other  words, 
y  offered  as  a  concession  aud  as  a  step  toward  peace  to  do 
precisely  what  they  wished  to  do.  Nominally,  of  course,  the 
withdrawal  talked  of  was  to  German  territory ;  but,  once  estab- 
lished in  a  strong  line  on  Belgian  soil,  nothing  could  l)e  simpler 
or  easier  than  for  German  perfidy  to  fabricate  an  excuse  for 
staying  there.  Fortunately  the  sentiment  of  the  whole  Allied 
world  nas  answered  the  treacherous  request  for  an  armistice 
with  a  resolve  to  accept  nothing  but  unconditional  surrender. 

The  deep  salients  cuiven  by  British,  French,  and  Americans 
in  the  German  western  line  had  already  made  retiral  of  the 
German  armies  on  a  large  scale  imperative.  The  week  of  Octo- 
ber 8-15  was  a  harvest  time.  It  recorded  the  occupation  of 
Cambrai,  La  F(>re,  Laon,  and  Boulers,  while  Courtrai,  as  we 
write,  is  in  danger  of  falling  and  Douai  is,  in  iwrt  at  least, 
already  occupieil  by  the  Allies;  if  minor  towns  were  to  lie 
included,  the  list  would  be  a  long  one.  Lille  itself  may  at  any . 
time  be  occupied  by  the  Allies. 

The  latest  blow  was  that  in  which  British,  French,  and  Bel- 
gian forces  united  in  Flanders  on  October  14.  This  was  largely 
m  the  nature  of  a  surprise.  It  was  eminently  successful,  for  the 
first  day's  operations  resulte<l  in  a  gain  of  five  miles  and  in  the 
capture  of  thousands  of  prisoners,  while  the  occupation  of 
Roulers  and  the  threat  to  Courtrai,  as  alwve  noted,  were  the 
result  of  this  operation.  Another  threat  of  the  drive,  namely, 
that  to  the  places  on  the  Belgian  coast  held  by  Germans,  is 
obvious.  It  is  currentlv  reported  that  Germany  has  entirely 
abandoned  the  use  of  Ostend  and  Zeebruc;ge  as  naval  Ikwcs, 
and  complete  withdrawal  from  this  part  of  the  coast  is  proliable. 

In  the  east,  the  occupation  of  Nish  by  the  Allies  outs  the 
railway  from  Belgrade  to  Sofia  and  permanently  puts  the  famous 
Berlin-to-Bagdad-by-rail  l)oast  out  of  existence.  Less  sensa- 
tional, but  also  less  expected,  was  the  occupation  by  Italian 
troops  of  Elbasan,  in  .A-lbania,  which  preceded  the  capture  of 
Nish  by  some  days.  The  advance  from  Elbasan  will  aid  the 
occupation  of  Durazzo,  recently  attacked  so  brilliantly  by 
Allied  warships. 

The  pr<>sent  military  situation  is  a  marvelous  contrast  from 
that  of  three  months  ago.  The  obvious  conclusion  is  a  justifica- 
tion of  the  belief  expressed  in  these  columns  long  ago  that 
Germany  made  her  tremendous  effort  in  the  spring  in  tlie  full 
knowlfcdge  that  if  she  could  not  then  inflict  decisive  defeat  nn 

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THE   OUTLOOK 


23  Octobn 


the  Allies  she  would  lose  the  advantage  of  the  offensive  and 
would  be  forced  to  fight  a  defensive  and  retreating  war. 

With  her  own  lines  broken  and  despondent,  with  her  people 
worn  out  and  disheartened,  Germany  now  faces,  if  military 
and  political  indications  are  not  altogether  misleading,  the 
necessity  of  genuine  acknowledgment  of  defeat  and  submission 
to  terms  imposed  upon  her. 


THE  LIBERTY  LOAN:  WHAT  THE  DOLLARS  WILL  DO 

At  this  writing,  October  15,  the  campaign  for  the  Fourth 
Liberty  Loan  is  sml  in  progress,  but  it  wul  have  been  con- 
cluded on  Saturday,  the  l9th,  before  this  issue  of  The  Outlook 
reaches  many  of  its  readers.  There  can  be  no  doubt  that  it  will 
be  fully  subscribed.  The  overwhelming  determination  of  the 
coimtry  to  accept  no  peace  offer  from  Germany  which  is  not 
based  on  unconditional  surrender  is  an  assurance  that  it  is 
equally  determined  to  provide  whatever  is  necessary  in  the  way 
of  fimds.  A  subscriber  in  Washington  has  written  to  The 
Outlook  asking  us  to  tell  our  readers  how  the  Liberty  Dollars 
are  spent.  We  presented  this  inquiry  to  the  Liberty  Loan 
Committee  of  New  York,  who  have  given  us  the  following 
interesting  reply : 

"  There  are  so  many  thousands  of  ways  in  which  dollars  are 
.  spent  in  buying  material  that  to  show  just  what  part  of*  each 
dollar  goes  into  the  different  channels  would  be  a  monumental 
labor  in  tiny  fractions. 

*'  A  better  idea  can  be  obtained  as  to  just  where  the  money 
goes  by  considering  the  disposition  of  a  larger  unit  of,  say, 
$5,000.  This  gives  a  latitude  sufficient  to  include  many  items 
and  the  uses  therefor,  and  conveys  an  excellent  idea  of  how  a 
Liberty  Loan  dollar  is  disbursed  for  the  winning  of  the  war. 

"  Using  the  $5,000  bond  as  a  basis,  it  is  possible  to  accomplish 
the  following :  Pay  the  expenses  of  drafting  one  thousand  men, 
or  sustain  twelve  soldiers  one  year,  or  provide  full  personal 
equipment  for  eighteen  soldiers,  or  provide  full  service  equip- 
ment for  seven  smdiers,  or  transport  forty-two  men  to  France, 
or  meet  the  average  cost  for  slightly  over  ten  men  in  the  Army 
for  a  year,  or  provide  the  overseas  clothing  equipment  for  fifty 
men,  or  provide  the  fighting  equipment  such  aa  rifle,  bayonet, 
cartridges,  etc.,  for  about  seventy-five  men,  or  provide  forty 
automatic  light  rifles  (smaU  Browning  machine  guns). 

"  It  will  provide  one  hundred  thousand  rifle  cartridges,  or  ten 
thousand  hand  grenades,  or  buy  twenty-five  cavalry  horses,  or 
provide  the  equipment  for  about  fifty  cavalry  horses.  About  five 
field  kitchens  can  be  bought  for  9)5,000,  or  three  anti-tank  guns. 

"  The  tremendous  costs  of  the  larger  artillery  and  units  of 
Army  and  Navy  require  in  some  instances  a  good  many  times 
the  amount  mentioned.  For  instance,  the  large  long-range, 
heavy  artillery  nms  up  to  $250,000  per  piece  in  some  cases. 
But  the  $5,000  will  buy  five  loaded  16-inch  shells,  or  about 
four  hundred  three-inch  high-explosive  shells,  or  five  of  the 
smaller  wireless  outfits,  or  a  Liberty  truck  motor. 

"  As  i^inst  the  larger  costs  of  the  war,  however,  the  $5,000 
will  not  go  far,  as  a  short  ten-minute  barr^e  has  been  known 
to  cost  over  a  half -million  dollars.  Furthermore,  the  $5,000 
maintains  the  whole  war  cost  of  the  country  for  just  exactly  ten 
seconds." 

The  deduction  to  be  drawn  is  plain.  Every  dollar  helps  to 
win  the  war.  Liberty  Loan  subscriptions,  big  and  little,  are  the 
way  in  which  those  at  home  can  do  their  part  to  bring  about 
Germany's  defeat,  and  until  that  defeat  is  an  accomplished  fact 
this  fight  by  lending  must  be  pushed  to  the  uttermost. 

THE   LIBERTY   LOAN:    ITS   PERMANENT   VALUE 

It  would  be  a  mistake  to  get  the  impression  from  the  fore- 
oing  account  of  the  war  value  of  the  Liberty  Dollar  that  those 
ollars  are  merely  consumed  in  the  fire  and  smoke  of  war. 
Indeed,  the  war  itself  is  not  destructive,  for  if  our  victory  in 
Europe  establishes  human  freedom  and  democracy  the  dollars 
that  are  instantaneously  consumed  in  gunfire  are  as  construc- 
tive as  the  doUars  spent  for  red-hot  fires  that  make  the  steel 
for  our  great  buildings  and  our  railways. 

But  it  is  often  forgotten  that  a  large  part  of  the  Liberty 
Dollars  are  spent,  not  for  explosives,  but  for  permanent  and  pro- 


ductive property.  Mr.  Price  in  a  recent  article  in  these  pages 
gave,  for  instance,  the  figures  of  the  Shipping  Board,  which 
wow  that  on  August  1,  1919,  we  shall  have  over  two  billion 
dollars'  worth  of  new  steel,  wood,  and  concrete  ships,  shipyards, 
mimnfactnring  plants,  and  housing  connected  with  their  ood- 
struction.    Some  of  our  Liberty  Dollars  go  into  this  splendid 

Sroperty.  We  have  so  far  loaned  to  our  Allies  about  ten  biUioo 
ollars.  These  loans  will  be  used  by  them  partiy  for  feeding  and 
saving  the  lives  of  civilians  and  partly  for  the  reooustmction  of 
devastated  territory.  Our  Liberty  Dollars  that  go  into  these 
loans  are  thus  put  into  the  most  sublime  constructive' ase.  B^ 
of  all,  there  is  a  contribution  to  the  spiritual  forces  of  the  war 
which  our  Liberty  Dollars  make.  Thousands  of  letters  from  oar 
soldiers  on  the  other  side  of  the  Atlantic  reveal  this  resurrerv 
tional  spiritual  force,  but  in  no  letter  that  we  have  happened  to 
see  does  it  show  more  than  in  the  following.  It  is  a  genuine  letter, 
written  without  any  idea  of  publication,  but  we  print  it,  despite 
the  fact  that  the  writer  (if  he  ever  discovers  it)  may  protest 
because  it  displays  that  combination  of  the  earthly  and  the 
heavenly  which  is  the  imiqiie  characteristic  of  the  American 
soldier  in  this  war.  The  "  Wallie  "  referred  to  in  the  letter  fc 
"Bill's"  cousin.  Wallie  was  killed  last  March  on  the  westen 
front  in  a  combat  with  four  German  biplanes : 

My  Dear  Mother  :  ^i*"*'  A"*"*  "'  »»>*■ 

Dav  after  to-morrow  will  be  dear  Betsy's  'oirthday,  and  I  am 
af  raia  I  Won't  be  able  to  send  her  anything,  as  I  hope  to  be  in  the 
biggest  battle  in  the  history  of  tlie  war,  which  ought  to  com- 
mence about  the  date  of  her  birthday,  but  I  don't  really  know  a 
thing  about  it.  I  finally  arrived  at  Uie  replacement  camp  and 
they  offered  me  a  wonderful  job  as  town  mayor  of  a  certain 
fairlv  g^od-sized  town.  I  thought  of  the  shells  and  the  g^  and 
all  the  other  pleasant  things  of  modem  warfare,  and  I  immedi- 
ately acceptM.  But  I  had  held  down  the  job  for  a  day  when 
that  damn  conscience  of  mine  began  to  speak.  I  thought  of  6ome 
men  I  knew  who  had  deliberately  sought  oat  soft  jobs  far  from 
the  battle-line,  and  I  also  thought  that  you  would  and  father 
would  much  rather  hare  me  stranng  the  Boche  in  the  way  I  am 
accustomed  to  than  trying  to  camouflage  myself  behind  the  lines. 
So  I  went  to  the  adjutant  of  the  joint  I  was  stationed  at,  and  nov 
I  am  on  my  way  to  my  division,  we  grandest  fif  hting  division  of 
all  the  armies  of  the  world.  If  anything  should  happen  to  me, 
Betsy  will  take  care  of  mv  valuable  effects,  which  are  stored  at 
the  University  Union  in  Paris.  No  matter  what  happens  to  me, 
I  have  the  satisfaction  of  knowing  that  I  will  see  you  sooner  or 
later,  and  if  it  is  my  turn  to  go  mto  that  wondertul  new  world 
dear  old  Wallie  will  be  standing  there  with  his  hand  stretched 
out  and  a  cheery,  "  Well,  Bill,  how's  everything?" 

I  haven't  heard  from  you  for  a  long  time,  but  I  know  every- 
thing is  O.  K.  All  the  love  in  the  wond  goes  with  this.  Much 
love  from  Bill. 

The  greatest  contribution  which  our  Liberty  Dollars  havt 
made  has  been  in  sustaining  this  kind  of  spirit  in  our  boys  >t 
the  front. 


A   DEVASTATING  FIRE 

It  is  a  startiing  if  not  a  unique  experience  for  a  large  and 

ftrosperous  city  like  Duluth,  in  Minnesota,  to  be  fighting  a 
orest  fire  in  its  very  outskirts.  For  a  day  or  two  recently  dw 
cities  of  Duluth  and  Superior  were  in  serious  danger.  Tb^ 
were  the  scenes  also  of  such  incidents  as  a  dash  by  anto- 
mobile  to  rescue  two  hundred  patients  from  a  sanitarium  whidi 
was  partly  destroyed. 

The  fires,  which  were  checked  not  far  from  Duluth,  had  deva»- 
tated  wide  sections  of  timberland  in  Minnesota  and  northen 
Wisconsin.  The  loss  of  life  was  appalling.  One  report  pats  ii 
at  one  thousand ;  others  at  from  three  hundred  to  five  hundred. 
Not  since  1910  and  1916  have  there  been  forest  fires  which  b 
any  way  compared  with  this.  The  pitiful  story  is  told  of  vast 
districts  which  have  now  nothing  but  fire-stricken,  desdatv 
areas,  with  charred  ruins  of  abandoned  towns.  Forest  rangen 
gave  warning  and  were  aided  in  their  fight  against  the  fire  bi 
thousands  of  farmers  and  workmen.  Every  ame-bodied  num  b 
Duluth,  for  instance,  was  sent  out  to  fight  fire.  The  relief  wiirk 
had  an  enormous  task  in  caring  for  twelve  tiiousand  or  mor- 
refugees,  who  were  quartered  in  hospitals,  churches!,  armorieis 
and  schools.  The  cause  of  the  fire  is  not  definitely  known.  Ov 

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unoonfinned  report  was  that  the  fire  yras  the  work  of  enemy 
incendiaries. 

One  result  of  the  calamity  may  be,  and  certainly  should  be^ 
to  strengthen  the  force  of  our  forest  ?uards.  No  body  of  workers 
is  more  efficient  and  more  energetic  than  these  advance  bat- 
talions of  our  Forestry  Bureau,  but  even  their  vigilance  and 
endurance  is  insufficient  when  fire  once  gains  serious  headway. 
The  service  is  admirable,  but  it  unquestionably  should  be 
enlarged.  As  a  mere  matter  of  business  importance,  apart  from 
the  fax  more  serious  danger  to  life,  it  may  be  noted  that  Gov- 
emmental  authority  stated  that  in  1910  the  loss  of  lumber 
destroyed  by  fire  reached  $176,000,000.  What  it  may  be  in 
the  present  case  there  are  as  yet  no  adequate  means  of  judging. 

THE  INFLUENZA  EPIDEMIC 

The  Spanish  influenza  last  week  showed  signs  of  abatement 
in  the  East,  but  new  cases  are  on  the  increase  m  the  South  and 
West  The  ravages  of  the  disease  have  convinced  the  authorities 
in  many  communities  of  the  advisability  of  closing  places  where 
people  are  apt  to  gather  dosely — movie  shows,  dance  and  lec- 
ture, halls,  theaters,  schools,  churches,  etc.  At  the  Capitol  in 
Washington  the  gsdleries  of  the  House  and  Senate  have  been 
closed.  £ven  outdoor  meeting^  have  been  suspended  in  many 
cities,  and  open  summer  street  cars  are  being  used.  People  are 
being  advised  not  to  congregate  even  in  snudl  groups. 

So  £ar  New  York  City  h^  suffered  less  proportionately  than 
have  other  Eastern  cities.  For  better  organization  in  the  fight 
against  the  spread  of  the  epidemic  the  city  has  been  divided 
into  districts.  There  will  be  an  effort  to  provide  a  place  where 
cooking  can  be  done  in  those  districts  in  which  there  may  be 
found  people  unable  to  care  for  themselves  in  connection  with 
snpplymg  food ;  for  instance,  a  case  was  reported  on  October  14 
in  wluch  the  father  of  the  &unily  was  lying  dead  of  pneumonia  in 
one  room,  the  mother  was  dying  in  an  adjoining  room,  and  their 
five  small  children  were  huddkd  in  the  kitchen — iU,  cold,  and 
hungry.  The  Health  Commissioner  took  commendable  action 
with  r^;ard  to  the  distribution  of  groups  in  the  metropolis.  He 
ordered  the  opening  and  closing  of  various  ihrpes  of  mdustriai 
and  business  concerns  to  take  place  at  different  hours — for 
instance,  all  office  workers  were  directed  to  reach  their  offices  at 
8:30  A.M.  and  leave  at  4:30  p.h. — so  as  more  evenly  to  distrib- 
ute the  multitudes  on  their  way  to  and  from  work.  The  effect 
of  this  order,  not  only  as  a  disease  preventive,  but  also  as  easing 
the  problem  of  congestion,  is  so  evident  that  many  New  Yorkers 
will  be  sorry  to  return  to  the  go-as-you-please  rule. 

As  might  be  expected,  those  immense  centers  of  gathering, 
the  Army  camps,  nave  been  special  fields  for  the  propagation  of 
the  disease,  and  the  death  list  in  them  is  appalling.  The  epidemic 
now  appears  to  be  at  its  height  in  the  camps  of  the  Middle 
West.  The  disease  has  also  put  a  large  percentage  of  shipyard 
workers  and  coal-miners  on  the  ineffective  Ust,  and  is  thus 
seriously  interfering  with  the  rapid  construction  of  ships  and 
the  rapid  mining  of  coal,  both  being  vitally  necessaryat  this  time. 

We  find  a  welcome  report  in  Sie  New  York  "  World  "  that 
Dr.  William  J.  Mayo,  the  celebrated  authority,  has  perfected  a 
serum  treatment  which,  at  his  institute  at  Rochester,  Minnesota, 
has  so  ^  prevented  the  development  of  any  case  of  pneumonia 
following  the  influenza  attacks. 


PUTTING  THE  SUN  TO  WORK 

The  preservation  of  fruits  and  vegetables  is  becoming  an 
increasingly  absorbing  and  useful  occupation.  Indeed,  it  would 
seem  as  if  interest  in  it  increased  proportionately  with  the 
interest  in  war  gardens.  This  year,  it  is  said,  no  less  than  one 
billion  five  himu:«d  million  quarts  in  tin  and  glass  of  canned 
tituff  have  been  put  up.  The  drying  of  garden  products  will 
also  greatly  increase  the  food  stored  away  for  next  winter's  use. 
So  says  Charles  Lathrop  Pack,  President  of  the  National 
"War  Garden  Commission,  in  "  American  Forestry."  As  to  dry- 
ing, he  tells  us  that  even  the  Egyptians  knew  about  the  process, 
AS  the  stores  of  dehydrated  vegetables  and  fruits  found  m  their 
Cemplee  testify.   Mr.  Pack  proceeds : 

Car  old  friend  Joseph,  the  first  food  arlininistrator  of  whom 
we  have  any  record,  got  his  job  froin  his  big  idea  of  having 


Pharaoh  comer  all  the  grain  in  the  year  of  a  big  yield  and 
dehydrate  enough  of  it  to  keep  the  nation  going  through  years 
of  scarcity.  The  rest  of  us  can  do  as  well  as  he  did,  for  the  only 
intelligent  co-operation  he  could  get  was  tiiat  of  Old  Sol,  who  is 
working  just  as  well  now  as  he  did  then. 

Food  drying  is  thus  no  new  fad.  It  appeals  to  the  American 
people.  The  method  is  simple ;  indeed,  there  are  three  methods. 
The  common  method  (one  might  call  it  the  Egyptian  method)  is 
to  place  slices  of  fruits  or  vegetables  on  muslin  lengths  and  expose 
them  to  the  sun  ;  drying  by  artificial  heat  is  done  in  an  oven 
or  on  top  of  a  stove  (the  trays  being  suspended  over  the  stove) 
or  in  any  specially  built  dryer ;  drying  by  air  blast  inclndes 
the  use  of  an  electric  fan,  which  is  put  close  to  one  end  of 
stacked  trays  on  which  sliced  vegetables  and  fruits  have  been 
placed.  The  food  prepared  by  any  one  of  these  methods  is 
cheap,  palatable,  and  wholesome. 

But  the  main  reason  why  drying  has  become  popular,  we 
think,  is  because  it  is  more  economical  than  canning.  Home 
drying  is  economical,  but  commimity  drying  is  far  more  so ;  the 
farmers  bring  their  surplus  to  a  central  plant  to  be  dried,  and 
pay  a  small  sum  for  the  service  or  leave  a  small  percentage 
of  their  products.  To  return  to  Mr.  Pack's  article,  any  one,  he 
prophesies,  who  can  establish  a  central  dehydrating  plant  in  a 
community  where  there  may  be  a  total  of  several  hundred  or  a 
thousand  acres  in  gardens  will  materially  lower  the  cost  of  living 
in  that  community.  We  learn  that  Buffalo  has  taken  the  lead 
in  establishing  a  community  drying  kit<;hen.    Its  record  has 

fiven  the  whole  city  an  object-lesson  in  food  conservation.  The 
itchen  dries  on  shares  for  farmers  and  others.  The  output  has 
been  principally  onions,  potatoes,  turnips,  carrots,  cabbage, 
celery,  and  soup  mixture.  For  the  last  named,  a  quarter-pound 
package,  that  sells  for  twenty-five  cents,  makes  two  gallons  of 
soup ;  there  is  also  a  package  selling  for  fifteen  cents,  enongh 
for  one  gallon.  What  we  need,  therefore,  are  central  drying 
plants  throughout  the  country. 

Another  evident  saving  is  that  in  transportation.  A  pound 
of  dried  cabbage  equals  twenty  poimds  of  the  fresh  article. 
Nearly  twenty  million  dollars,  it  is  claimed,  might  be  saved  in 
transportation  each  year  if  we  had  a  more  imiversal  application 
of  dehydration,  so  much  does  water  in  food  products  add  to  the 
extra  weight.  Again,  dehydrated  vegetables  save  the  transpor- 
tation of  the  waste  which  forms  a  large  part  of  our  garbage. 
Furthermore,  dehydrated  vegetables  save  tin,  as  they  can  oe 
put  up  in  paper  containers. 

Finally,  the  value  of  dried  vegetables  is  seen  in  their  keeping 
qualities.  Dehydration  does  not  harm  the  cell  structure,  and 
water  restores  the  dried  vegetables  to  their  original  color  and 
bulk.  Some  of  this  food,  kept  from  the  time  of  the  Boer  War, 
says  Mr.  Padc,  was  recently  opened  and  was  foimd  to  be  as 
ptdatable  and  nutritious  as  the  day  it  was  put  up.  Mr.  John  Hays 
Hammond,  who  lived  long  in  South  Africa,  is  authority  for  the 
statement  that  the  British  soldiers  could  not  tell  it,  cooked,  from 
the  food  to  which  they  had  been  accustomed.  Doubtless  because 
of  this  success,  the  British  War  Office  has  purchased  large 
quantities  of  dried  food  diuring  the  present  war  for  its  soldiers 
m  France  and  Syria,  Generu  Haig  and  General  Allenby  are 
using  this  food  for  their  forces.  Our  own  War  Department  has 
now  followed  suit  and  has  already  shipiied  an  immense  amomit 
of  drie<i  foo<l  abroa<l.  The  taste  thus  acquired  by  the  soldiers  for 
it  should  cause  a  large  demand  for  it  after  the  war. 


THE  FIRST  NATIONAL  PARK  IN  THE  EAST 

We  have  National  Forests  and  National  Parks.  In  the 
eastern  part  of  the  United  i"  tatfs  we  have  few  National  ForestJt 
and  have  hatl  no  National  Parks.  Now,  however,  there  is  to  Ite 
one,  we  are  glad  to  announce,  and  the  name  Lafayette  has  been 
chosen  for  it — a  name  which  has  l>ecoine  the  symbol  of  the 
friendship  between  France  and  America. 

The  relation  between  France  and  our  continent  goes  back  to 
the  first  settlement  on  the  shores  of  the  north  country,  calle<l 
Acadia  (from  the  Indian  wonl  akade — abundance),  long  before 
the  landing  of  the  Pilgrim  Fathers.  Aca<Iia  was  established  by 
the  Sieur  de  Monts  in  1604  under  viceregal  powers  given  to  him 
in  a  nobly  worded  commission,  the  original  of  wliieh  is  still 
extant,  by  Henry  IV.    In  1613  it  was  the  site  of  the  first  French 


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missionary  settlement  made  in  America.  Later  by  royal  grant 
it  became  the  poesession  of  Antoine  Cadillac. 

Much  of  the  old  French  Acadia  is  now  Nova  Scotia,  but  a 
part  lies  within  the  bomids  of  Maine,  which  did  not  become  a 
State  until  1820.  Before  then  it  was  part  of  the  Province,  and 
then  of  the  Commonwealth,  of  Massachusetts.  Moved  by  erati- 
tnde  for  the  assistance  France  had  rendered  to  the  United  States 
in  the  then  very  recent  war  for  independence,  and  also  by  letters 
they  had  brought  from  Lafayette,  Massachusetts  gave  a  por< 
tion  of  it — namely,  the  eastern  half  of  Mount  Desert  Island — 
to  Cadillac's  granddaughter  and  her  bosband,  French  refugees. 
From  this  grant  it  is  that  the  title  to  the  lands,  first  created  a 
National  Monument  and  now  a  National  Park,  proceeds. 

The  park  is  both  a  seacoast  and  a  mountain  park.  It  embraces 
the  only  mountains  on  our  east  coast  that  come  down  to  meet 
the  sea.  Two  of  these  already  bear  French  names,  Cadillac  and 
Champlain.  Cadillac  is  the  highest  on  Mount  Desert  Island, 
and  of  course  commemorates  Antoine  Cadillac,  who,  in  addi* 
tion  to  being  a  great  landowner  in  the  New  World,  spent  some 
time  in  Acadia  as  a  captain  in  the  French  army ;  later  he  was 
the  founder  of  Detroit,  and  still  later  Governor  of  Louisiana. 
Champlain  Mountain  commemorates  Samuel  de  Champlain,  the 
French  explorer  and  colonizer,  the  discoverer  of  Mount  Desert 
Island,  the  founder  of  Quebec,  and  perhaps  the  most  prominent 
figure  in  tJie  history  of  New  France. 

HOPE  FOR  THE  FRENCH  FARMER 

The  French  Parliament  has  passed  a  law,  known  as  the 
Compere-Morel  Act,  which  should  be  of  vidue  in  the  reintegra- 
tion of  the  soil  now  available  in  consequence  of  the  German 
retiraL 

Most  French  farmers,  whether  proprietors  or  mitayera 
(lessee  farmers  who  hold  land  yielding  to  the  proprietor  a 
percenta^  of  the  produce),  are  unable  to  meet  the  expense 
of  bringmg  the  soil  back  again  into  condition.  Aocordmgly 
the  Government,  by  the  (x)mpere-Morel  Act,  has  appbed 
#20,000,000  to  that  purpose.  If  the  land  seems  wholly  rmned, 
the  farmer  may  obtam  up  to  1,000  francs  a  hectare  (about  $75 
an  acre) ;  if  partially  mined,  up  to  250  francs  a  hectare.  To  do 
this  he  must  apply  to  the  nearest  Mayor  or  Prefect,  and  only 
on  his  voucher  for  the  farmer's  reliabUity  will  the  Minister  of 
Agriculture  consider  the  case. 

Bat  suppose  the  land  lies  idle  and  no  reliable  person  or  group 
of  perscms  wishes  to  take  it  over.  Then  the  Government  may 
appoint  certain  men  of  its  own  choice  to  farm  it. 

Americans  have  a  special  interest  in  this  new  law,  for  to  pro* 
vide  cereals  and  vegetables  directly  to  our  soldiers  the  Ameri- 
can Army  has  leased  the  first  of  the  farms  it  proposes  to  operate. 
This  particular  farm  is  at  Villeneuve-larHuree ;  it  comprises 
some  two  hundred  and  fifty  acres,  and  will  be  used  for  potatoes 
and  cabbages.  An  American  officer  will  be  in  charge.  The 
labor  will  be  that  of  refugees,  who  will  be  paid  by  the  resources 
at  the  Army's  command.  Five  francs  a  day  is  the  wage  gener- 
ally given  to  men  farm  laborers  in  this  vicinity,  and  three  francs 
to  women,  though  in  the  harvesting  season  wages  sometimes  run 
up  as  high  as  twelve  francs  a  day.  Where  Boche  prisoners  are 
used  for  farm  labor,  the  proprietor  is  made  responsible  for  their 
feeding  and  guarding,  but  he  pays  them  no  wf^e. 

The  American  Army  was  led  to  take  hold  of  this  experiment  in 
agriculture  by  the  success  of  an  adjoining  farm  at  Villeneuve, 
one  of  those  used  by  the  American  Committee  for  Devastated 
France  in  its  agricultural  work  operating  on  thousands  of  acres. 
At  the  Army's  request  the  Committee  arranged  with  the  Gov- 
ernment agricultural  officers  that  our  Army  might  requisition 
farms  if  in  the  war  zone,  or  lease  them  if  in  the  interior. 

As  it  happens,  this  American  Committee  is  the  first  organi- 
zation to  place  a  claim  for  the  cultivation  of  abandoned  Lands 
under  the  Ccnnp^re-Morel  Act. 

The  Outiook  has  already  caDed  attention  to  the  Committee's 
admirable  work  both  in  reclaiming  farm  land  in  the  Aisne  dis- 
trict and  in  the  care  for  the  little  children  and  the  old  men  and 
women  there.  This  r^on  was  assigned  to  the  Committee  by 
General  Pdtain.  The  Committee's  work  is  now,  of  course,  more 

i)ressing  than  ever,  for  the  valley  has  been  doubly  devastated. 
!Toia  me  Minister  of  Agricoltoie  the  Committee  has  obtained 


tractors,  and  is  replowing  some  seven  thousand  acres  ;  it  is  also 
replacing  farm  implements,  providing  live  stock,  establishing 
diaries,  dispensaries  for  the  sick  children,  and  training  schools 
The  American  office  of  the  Committee  is  situated  at  16  £a«t 
Thirty-ninth  Street,  New  York  City.  This  excellent  work  needs 
funds. 


PATRIOTISM  IN  EDUCATION 

During  the  past  summer  the  National  Security  League 
has  brought  the  various  gatherings  of  school-teachers  which 
occur  at  that  season  face  to  face  with  eminent  speakers  and 
teachers  suitably  qualified  to  explain  the  meaning  of  the  war. 
Well-known  instructors  were  asked  if  they  would  not  ^ve  a 
month  from  their  summer  vacations  to  go  from  school  to  school 
without  other  compensation  than  that  of  remuneration  for  their 
personal  expenses.  The  response  was  gratifying.  The  speakers 
conducted  a  worth-while  propaganda  in  the  mterests  of  National 
unity  and  preparedness,  facmg  their  audiences  in  no  less  than 
forty-three  States. 

Special  literature,  to  be  used  in  a  one-week,  two-week,  or 
in  a  six-week  course  in  the  sunmier  schools,  was  sent  free  to 
some  three  hundred  thousand  teachers.  Dr.  McElroy,  the  edu- 
cational director  of  the  League,  plans  to  follow  this  work  in 
the  summer  schools  by  a  similar  endeavor  in  the  teachers' 
institutes  held  throughout  the  country  at  various  periods  of 
the  year.  In  this  way  he  hopes  to  reach  within  twelve  months  a 
majority  of  the  rural  teachers  in  America.  The  rural  schook, 
in  which  fifty-four  per  cent  of  our  children  are  taught,  certunly 
present  a  peculiar  problem.  Ab  Dr.  McE^Iroy  says,  "The  world 
can  never  be  made  safe  for  an  ignorant  and  an  ineffident 
democracy." 

And  yet  we  have  an  incredibly  high  percentage  of  adult 
illiteracy,  and,  what  is  more,  a  lack  of  understanding  of  the 
real  meaning  of  our  Nation  and  of  the  principles  underlying 
our  Government,  menacing  alike  our  National  unity  and  our 
National  safety.  At  the  National  Security  League's  meeting 
recendy  in  Carnegie  Hall,  New  York  City,  this  Ameri- 
canization feature  was  specially  emphasized  by  Mr.  Arthur 
Somers,  President  of  the  New  York  City  Board  of  Eiducation. 
As  be  said,  we  should  consider  not  only  the  immigrant  as  need- 
ing Americanization,  but  many  an  American-bom  person  also. 
Courses  in  citizenship  teaching  were  recommended  at  the 
meeting,  as  was  the  very  debatable  proposal  of  the  abolishmoit 
of  teaching  any  other  language  tnan  English  in  our  paUic 
schools. 

In  this  connection  Dr.  George  Strayer,  of  the  Teat^iers 
College  at  Columbia  University,  called  attention  to  the  varying 
efforts  of  the  different  States  for  the  children  at  schools  within 
those  States.  As  long  as  a  single  State  in  the  Union,  he  jnstiy 
declared,  fails  to  provide  itself  with  the  means  of  attaining 
certain  uniform.  Nation-wide  standards  of  health,  intelligence, 
citizenship,  and  character,  our  National  life  and  unity  are 
imperiled. 


THE  WAR  CAMP  COMMUNITY  SERVICE 

An  important  new  feature  of  the  War  and  Navy  D^mrt- 
ments  is  their  training  camp  work.  In  April,  1917,  they  estab- 
lished Commissions  on  Training  Camp  Activities,  under  the 
leadership  of  Raymond  Fosdick.  The  following  organizations 
are  working  for  the  soldiers  and  sailors  under  the  Commisnons' 
supervision : 

The  Young  Men's  Christian  Association. 

The  Yoong  Women's  Christian  Association. 

The  Salvanon  Army. 

The  National  Catholic  War  CoonciL 

The  Jewish  Welfare  Board. 

The  American  Library  Association. 

The  War  Camp  Community  Service. 

The  last-named  activity  arose  in  this  way.  Both  the  Army 
and  Navy  Commissions  wanted  special  work  done  in  the  oom- 
munities  outside  and  adjoining  the  army  camps  and  naval 
training  stations.  Therefore  early  in  May,  1917,  the  Commissians 
called  on  the  Playground  and  Recreation  Association  of  Amer- 
ica to  carry  on  their  endeavors  in  the  ocnnmanities  adjoining 


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CARTOONS      OF      THE     WEEK 


Km)U  in  the  Dattas  Nnrt 


MHOHEICDLLERN 

"THE  , 

PEOPLES, 

FRIEND 


'LET  THE 

PEOPLE 

RULE 


WKIX,  LOOK  VHO'8   KERKI 


THE  KAISER'S  ATTEMPTED  TRANSFORJLATION 


Kirbg  in  the  New  York  World 


■rARKWELL!   A  LONG  FARKWKLL,  TO  ALL  Mr  ORKATNX88!" 

{—King  Unirf  Vlll) 

THE  KAISER'S  VAULTING  AMBITION  O'ERLEAPED  ITSELF 


From  London  Opinion 


Ejew 


THE  COOK  SHORTAGE 

"  I  fiieve  to  we  that  70a  hnrt  gtren  np  tem- 
p«imBM  work  Ut«ly,  Mrs.  Sniythe." 

"Wall,  yon  we,  Mr.  Spire,  our  new  cook 
aiwiakn,  ttid  we're  afraid  ihe  mity  be  a  little 
e^vaehy  aboat  it." 


From  the  Sketch  (London) 


HIS  GAYETY  AtTOUNTED  FOR 
The  Histren:  "My  hiuband    is  happy  this 
morning— he  went  off  whiHtling !" 

The  Cook :  "  I  did  it  I  By  mistake,  J  cooked 
the  bird-seed  instead  of  the  cereal  for  his  break- 
fast:" 


Jack  Collins  in  the  New  York  Evening  TfUf/ratH 


"Say,  when  yon  finish  with  that  shoe  would  you  mind 
reblocking  my  hat  ?" 

GETTING  THE  AUTUMN  SHAPE 


From  yebeUpaller,  Zurich  (Switzerland) 


"  What  on  earth  are  too  doinK  ?" 

"  Oh,  I  am  JHKt  n-fresning  my  mind  by  looking  up  the  varions 
Government  circulars  I  hare  receiTed  about  |iaper  eoonoray." 

GOVERNMENT  PREACHING  AND  PRACTICE 


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THE   OUTLOOK 


23  October 


the  camps  and  training  stations  under  the  official  name  of  War 
Camp  Community  Service,  organizing  social  and  recreational 
resources  in  such  a  way  as  to  be  of  the  g^reatest  possible  value 
to  the  officers  and  solctiers  in  the  camps. 

The  War  Camp  Community  Service  now  correlates  all  the 
activities  undertaken  in  some  six  hundred  communities  for  the 
care  and  comfort  of  the  uniformed  forces  on  leave  there.  Mili- 
tary and  naval  policy  permits  the  enlisted  men  to  leave  their 
quarters  now  and  then  in  order  to  relax  from  the  rigors  of  the 
routine,  technique,  and  discipline  of  camps  and  training  sta- 
tions. Such  a  policy,  of  coui-se,  recognizes  the  special  desira^ 
bility  of  allowing  the  relatives  and  friends  of  the  enlisted  men 
to  visit  them  if  adequate  facilities  are  available  in  near-camp 
commuuities. 

In  le&ving  his  quarters  the  enlisted  man  seeks  contact  with 
the  friendly  side  of  life.  Sometimes  his  visits  to  the  town  are  a 
liability  in  his  training.  Sometimes  they  are  an  asset.  They  are 
a  liability  when  the  man  succumbs  to  low-grade  entertainments 
and  to  vice — and  these  lost  no  time  in  graining  a  foothold  in  the 
communities  adjoining  the  camps. 

The  enlisted  man  on  leave  in  some  strange  place  is  cut  off 
from  &mily  life.  This  is  just  where  the  War  Camp  Community 
Service,  which  has  helped  that  town  to  be  clean,  helps  the  man. 
It  establishes  centers  in  each  community  calculated  to  furnish  the 
best  environment  and  puts  the  man  in  touch  with  them.  The 
result,  as  shown  in  most  cases,  is  that  the  man  finds  conditions 
as  nearly  normal  as  those  to  which  he  was  accustomed  before 
he  went  into  the  service,  and  in  some  cases  a  good  deal  better. 
The  man  in  nniform  is  given  a  chance  to  meet  desirable  people 
(especially  desirable  women  and  girls),  that  he  may  not  luive  to 
depend  in  his  hours  of  recreation  on  those  of  an  undesirable 
character.    He  is  given  a  chance  to  become  acquainted  with 

firofessional  and  business  men,  to  visit  their  hQmes,  to  be  with 
ittle  children. 

The  War  Camp  Community  Service  was  a  needed  service, 
especially  when  we  recall  the  fact  that  some  little  towns  saw 
their  transient  populations  increase  as  much  as  a  thousand  per 
cent  overnight.  There  is  a  consequent  feeling  of  gratitude  on 
the  part  of  many  men  whenever  tibey  cateh  sight  of  the  Red 
Circle,  the  insignia  of  the  War  Camp  Community  Service.  The 
Red  Circle  is  taking  its  place  in  general  popular  esteem  beside 
the  better-known  Iwd  Cross  and  Red  Triangle. 


SHALL    WE   HAVE    A   DEMOCRATIC 
CONGRESS? 

ON  another  page  Speaker  Clark,  of  the  House  of  Repre- 
senatives,  presents  the  arguments  for  the  election  of 
a  Democratic  Congression^  majority  in  November. 

The  article  deserves  reading  for  more  than  one  reason. 
Champ  Clark's  personality  is  a  peculiarly  interesting  one.  He 
was  bom  in  Kentucky  sixty-eight  years  ago,  is  a  lawyer,  has 
been  a  college  president,  and  has  been  active  in  politics  for  forty 
years.  In  the  Democratic  Convention  of  1912  he  came  very 
near  receiving  the  nomination  which  was  afterwards  conferred 
upon  President  Wilson,  and  if  the  majority,  instead  of  the  two- 
thirds  rule,  had  applied,  would  have  been  the  nominee.  As 
Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives  he  holds  an  office 
which,  until  the  war  powers  of  the  Executive  dwarfed  those  of 
Congress,  was  generally  regardetl  as  second  in  political  power 
only  to  that  of  the  President  of  the  United  States. 

The  representative  of  The  Outlook  who  visited  Speaker 
Clark  for  the  purpose  of  requesting  him  on  our  behalf  to  write 
the  article  on  the  coming  Congressional  election  thus  describes 
the  interview : 

The  Speaker's  room,  aside  from  the  assembly  chambers  of  the 
two  houses,  is  the  largest  in  the  Capitol.  There  I  found  Mr. 
Clark  alone,  just  before  noon,  gunk  in  a  huge  chair,  perusing  the 
latest  issues  of  what  appeared  to  be  Missouri  countrv  papers. 
The  enormous  low  windows,  looking  on  the  broad  Capitol  g^rounds, 
let  in  a  flood  of  sunlight,  and  I  seemed  many  miles  from  the 
center  of  activity,  andas  though  transported  back  eighty  years 
to  the  epoch  of  Clay  and  Calhoun.  The  personality  of  the 
Speaker,  with  its  slow  ease,  helped  to  heighten  this  illusion.  His 
drawling  use  of  homely  expressions  took  me  back  to  the  Middle 
"Western  country  on  the  borders  of  the  old  South.    Here  was  no 


clamor  of  debate,  no  sense  of  intrigue,  and  if  the  coUoquialisnM 
of  the  stump  orator  reverberated  through  the  spacious  old  room 
they  seemM  as  if  coming  from  a  bygone  epoch.  Altogether  I 
felt  as  if  I  were  talking  to  one  accustomed  to  power  uid  with  a 
flowing  perspective  in  its  handling. 

Speaker  Clark's  official  position,  his  character,  and  his 
achievements  entitle  his  article  to  the  most  carefnl  and  respect- 
ful consideration.  He  points  out  that  we  do  not  have  a  respon- 
sible parliamentary  Government  like  that  of  Great  Britain. 
In  Great  Britain,  if  the  people  are  opposed  to  the  policy  of  a 
Prime  Minister,  they  can  in  a  few  weeks'  time  turn  him  out  of 
office  and  put  in  an  executive  who  will  carry  out  the  popular 
policy. 

Speaker  Clark  argues  that,  since  we  have  no  such  system, 
since  our  Executive  holds  office  for  a  fixed  term,  it  is  wise  tu 
have  the  President,  the  Senate,  and  the  House  all  of  one  party, 
in  order  that  the  party  in  power  may  pursue  a  consistent  coarse 
of  action  and  may  be  held  completely  responsible  for  that  course. 
Since  the  President  is  a  Democrat  and  the  Senate  is  Democratic. 
Mr.  Clark  believes  that  the  House  should  also  have  a  substan- 
tial Democratic  majority. 

We  agree  with  Speaker  Clark's  statement  of  fact,  but  n<«t 
with  his  conclusion.  For  the  very  reason  that  under  our  Consti- 
tution the  President  is  not  responsible  to  the  popular  wiU,  asil 
b  answerable  only  to  the  moral  suasion  of  public  opinion,  vc 
think  that  in  a  time  of  National  crisis  like  the  present  the  part} 
in  opposition  should  be  in  the  majority,  either  in  the  House  or 
the  Senate,  in  order  to  exert  leg^Uy  upon  the  Executive  that 
control  which  can  otherwise  be  brought  to  bear  only  by  monl 
suasion. 

The  country  is  against  a  negotiated  peace,  tit  is  for  a  di<'- 
tated  peace.  It  is  a^inst  having  Germany  sit  at  the  pea<v 
table.  There  are  indications  that  the  President  deems  it  wLsr 
that  Germany  should  have  a  seat  at  the  peace  table  and  ashan- 
in  the  negotiations.  We  believe  that  itwill  not  beanunwholesoin^ 
thing  for  the  country  and  for  the  cause  of  Allied  liberty  if  tk- 
result  of  the  elections  in  November  indicates  to  the  Preeidegt 
that  there  is  a  strong  body  of  public  opinion  which  wishes  to 
register  itself,  in  the  only  political  way  it  can  under  our  system 
of  government,  i^;ainst  any  peace  without  victory  and  ant 
association  with  Germany  in  a  peace  conference  or  in  a  L/ei^iK' 
of  Nations  until  Germany  over  a  period  of  years  has  de^r 
demonstrated  a  spirit  of  reparation,  reform,  and  democtatit 
Uberty. 


THE    PRESIDENT'S    PEACE 
NEGOTIATIONS 

Last  week,  in  commenting  upon  the  President's   reply  o$ 
October  8  to  the  German  overtures  for  peace,  we  said : 

If  the  German  Chancellor  should  respond  to  the  President's 
request  by  saying,  "  I  represent  all  the  people  of  Gemuuij, 
civilian  and  mditary,"  what  will  the  President  do  then  ? 

The  expected  happened.  The  German  Chancellor,  MaximQiu 
of  Baden,  answered,  saying  that  he  spoke  "  in  the  name  of  dv 
German  Government  and  of  the  German  people."  His  re})l} 
was  published  on  Simday,  October  13,  and  for  two  days  tfar 
result  was  great  confusion.  In  every  oitv,  village,  and  faamln 
of  the  United  States  people  began  to  ask  these  ^uesticms :  I~ 
there  to  be  an  armistice,  or  not  ?  Will  the  Prussians  uncootii 
tionally  surrender,  or  not  ?  Shall  Alsace-Lorraine,  which  rigbi- 
fully  belongfs  to  France,  be  returned  to  her,  or  not  ?  Is  repara- 
tion to  be  made  to  Belgium  and  Serbia,  or  not  ?  Is  Germany  i" 
get  back  her  colonies  in  Africa,  thus  continuing  one  of  tb 
worst  features  of  Prussian  imperialism,  or  not  ?  Are  the  Pm- 
sian  militarists  to  be  granted  a  period  of  rest  and  recuperatitiii. 
in  which  they  can  mak:e  their  plans  for  another  world  war,  or 
not? 

David  Lawrence,  of  the  staff  of  the  New  York  "  Evenins 
Post,"  one  of  the  most  brilliant  and  able  of  newspaper  corf 
spondents  at  Washington,  is  generally  believe<l  to  have  a  do--; 
touch  with  the  President  and  a  clearer  knowledge  of  his  opi: 
ions  and  sentiments  than  any  other  press  representative.  Wnit 
the  country  was  questioning  the  effect  of  the  President's  Hr- 


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reply  to  the  Gennan  Chancellor,  ^r.  Lawrence,  in  a  despatch 
to  his  paper  which  bore  all  the  earmarks  of  the  utterance  of  an 
authorized  spokesman,  asserted  that  the  parley  with  Maximilian 
was  entered  into  because  "  the  President  is  for  a  healing  peace." 
Men  of  all  ranks  and  of  all  parties  began  to  wonder  whether 
the  President  still  wanted  "  peace  without  victory."  But  an  out^ 
burst  of  public  opinion,  both  in  private  conversation  and  in  the 
daily  press,  during  Sunday  and  Monday,  October  13  and  14, 
dearly  showed  that  the  American  people,  without  distinction 
of  party,  cannot  tolerate  the  idea  of  a  n^otiated  peace,  a 
kind  of  peace  which  would  relieve  Germany  of  the  just  conse- 
quences of  her  criminal  and  awful  course  during  the  past  four 
years. 

The  President  responded  at  once  to  this  unmistakable  mani- 
festation of  public  sentiment,  and  on  Tuesday  morning,  October 
15,  his  second  reply  to  the  German  Government  was  publLshed. 
In  this  reply,  quite  different  in  tone,  character,  and  decision  from 
his  note  of  the  previous  week,  he  declines  to  consider  an  armistice 
**  so  long  as  the  armed  forces  of  Germany  continue  the  illegal  and 
inhumane  practices  which  they  persist  in."  He  also  says  that "  it 
must  be  clearly  uAderstood  that  the  process  of  evacuation  and  the 
conditions  of  an  armistice  are  matters  which  must  be  left  to  the 
judgment  and  advice  of  the  military  advisers  of  the  Government 
of  the  United  States  and  the  Allied  governments,  and  the  Presi 
dent  feels  it  his  duty  to  say  that  no  arrangement  can  be  accepted 
by  the  Government  of  the  United  States  which  does  not  provide 
absolutely  satisfactory  safeguards  and  guarantees  of  the  main- 
tenance of  the  present  military  supremacy  of  the  armies  of  the 
United  States  and  the  Allies  in  tne  field."  And  he  adds,  with 
memorable  emphasis : 

At  the  very  time  that  the  Gierman  Ciovemment  approaches 
the  Govemnient  of  the  United  States  with  proposals  oi  peace  its 
submarines  are  engaged  in  sinking  passenger  ships  at  sea,  and 
not  the  ships  alone,  but  the  very  boats  in  wmch  their  passengers 
and  tnrews  seek  to  make  their  way  to  safety,  and  in  their  present 
enforced  withdrawal  from  Flanders  and  France  the  German 
armies  are  pursuing  a  course  of  wanton  destruction  which  has 
always  been  regarded  as  in  direct  violation  of  the  rules  and 
prscticee  of  civihzed  warfare.  Cities  and  villages,  if  not  destroyed, 
are  being  stripped  of  all  they  contain  not  onfy,  but  often  of  tneir 
very  inhabitants.  The  nations  associated  against  Germany 
cannot  be  expected  to  agree  to  a  cessation  of  amiH  while  acts  of 
inhumanity,  sptoliation,  and  desolation  are  being  continued  which 
tltey  justly  look  upon  with  horror  and  with  burning  hearts. 

He  finally  appeals  again  to  the  German  people  to  arise  and 
to  abolish  the  military  despotism  wh  .eh  now  controls  Germany, 
and  of  which  the  Hohenzollems  are  the  head,  and  declares  that 
no  peace  can  be  consented  to  until  this  matter  is  settled. 

"This  second  reply  of  the  President's  has  been  received  every- 
where throughout  the  United  States  with  a  sigh  of  relief  and 
(Kxelamations  of  satisfaction.  The  episode  which  at  first  seemed 
thi'eatening  and  dispiriting  has  come  to  aJriumphant  conclusion. 
For  it  has  done  more  than  any  other  one  event  since  the  American 
|K*ople  entered  upon  the  war  to  crystallize  and  formulate  their 
»c*iitimentB  and  determination  about  the  struggle  in  which  they 
ir**  engaged.  It  must  be  clear  now  to  the  President  that  the 
A  iiierican  people  will  accept  no  peace  unless  it  is  based  upon 
nilitary  victory  and  dictated  terms. 


JUSTICE    TO    GERMANY 

'Xiie  fundamental  vice  of  Germany  which  has  brought  this 
iiiig^Mly  upon  the  world  is  the  fact  that  she  recognizes  no  divine 
aw8,  nothmg  superior  to  her  own  self-will,  no  sovereignty  to 
rliiob  she  should  be  loyal.  The  only  law  she  knows  is  the  law 
t-Iiicli  the  state  enacts.  She  does  not  even  recognize  laws  which 
he  different  states  unite  to  enact,  although  she  has  united  with 
h«'ni  in  the  enactment. 

liat  there  are  divine  laws  to  which  nations  are  subject.  Might 
(Mtt  not  make  the  supreme  right.  The  pasaeSHion  of  {wwerdoes 
ttt.  make  the  possessor  free  from  his  obligation  to  use  his 
itMrcr  in  obedience  to  the  divine  law.  The  day  is  not  far  distant 
lieo  the  Allies  will  have  the  power  to  do  with  Germany  what 
j«»y  ^irilL  When  that  day  arrives,  how  ought  they  to  deal  with 
(.!•?**  What  doth  the  Lord  require  of  thee,  but  to  do  justly, 
j(l  to  love  mercy,  and  to  walk  humbly  with  thy  God?"  \N'liat 


the  King  of  Nations  will  require  of  us  is  that  we  deal  justly 
with  Germany. 

What  is  justice  ? 

A  classical  definition  is  that  furnished  by  the  Institutes  of 
Justinian  nearly  two  thousand  years  ago :  "  A  constant  and 
perpetual  will  to  render  to  each  one  his  own  right."  France 
and  Belgium  have  a  clear  right  to  reparation  for  the  injury 
inflicted  upon  them  in  violation  of  law  and  of  Grermany's  express 
agreement,  and  to  protection  against  any  repetition  of  such 
wrongs  in  the  future.  It  is  just  to  require  Germany  to  furnish 
this  reparation  and  this  protection. 

In  June,  1914,  the  Austrian  Crown  Prince  was  assassinated 
by  a  Serbian.  Austria  charged  the  Serbian  Government  officials 
with  being  accessory  to  the  crime.  Serbia  denied  the  charge 
and  prop<»ed  to  leave  the  question  to  judicial  trial  by  the  Court 
at  The  Happie.  If  there  ever  was  a  case  for  independent  and 
impartial  mvestigation  by  a  judicial  body,  it  was  this  case. 
Austria  refused  and  Germany  sanctioned,  if  she  did  not  inspire, 
the  refusal.  Russia  came  to  the  defense  of  Serbia ;  Germany 
attacked  not  Kussia  but  France.  She  had  no  cause  of  complaint 
against  France  except  her  guess  that  France  would  come  to  the 
aid  of  Russia.  In  her  attack  against  France  she  invaded  Belgium, 
whose  neutrality  she  had  herself  guaranteed.  In  this  invasion 
she  frankly  acknowledged  herself  at  fault  in  the  following 
declaration  of  her  Prime  Minister : 

Gentlemen,  we  are  confronted  by  a  necessity,  anu  necessity 
Knows  no  law.  Our  troops  have  occupied  Luxemburg,  and  have 
perhaps  already  entered  Belgium.  Gentlemen,  this  is  contrary 
to  international  law.  The  i  renoh  Government,  it  is  true,  de- 
clared to  Brussels  that  it  would  respect  the  neutrality  of  Belgium 
so  long  as  the  enemy  should  do  so.  We  know,  however,  that 
France  was  ready  for  aggression.  France  could  wait ;  we  could 
not.  A  French  attack  upon  our  flank  on  the  lower  Rliine  might 
have  been  fatal  to  us.  Thus  we  have  been  compelled  to  override 
tlie  justifiable  protests  of  Luxemburg  and  the  Belgian  Govern- 
ment. For  the  offense — 1  speak  plainly — for  the  offense  which 
*ve  are  thereby  committing  against  them  we  shall  indemnify 
them  as  soon  as  our  military  object  is  attained. 

Germany  belonged  to  what  may  be  called  the  Congress  of 
Nations.  This  Congress  of  Nations  in  1907  adopted  at  The 
Hague  certain  agreements  or  conventions  which  were,  in  the 
main,  simply  a  formal  recognition  of  principles  of  civilized  war- 
fare which  had  become  by  practice  the  common  law  of  nations. 
They  provided  that  "a  belligerent  party  which  violates  the 
provisions  of  said  regulations  shall,  if  the  case  demands,  be 
liable  to  pay  compensation.  It  shall  be  responsible  for  all  acts 
committed  by  persons  forming  part  of  its  armed  forces."  Among 
these  regulations  were  the  following :  (1)  That  prisoners  of  war 
shall  not  be  employed  in  works  connecte<l  with  war  operations ; 
(2)  that  as  far  as  possible  buildings  dedicated  to  rebgion,  ai-t, 
science,  or  charitable  purposes,  historic  monuments,  nospitals 
and  places  where  the  sick  and  wounded  are  collet^ted,  must  be 
spared,  provided  they  are  not  being  used  at  the  tune  for  military 
purposes ;  (3)  that  family  honor  and  rights,  the  lives  of  persons, 
and  private  property,  as  well  as  religious  convictions  and  prac- 
tice, must  be  respected  ;  (4)  that  pillage  is  formally  forbidden  ; 
(5)  that  hospital  ships  shall  be  respected  and  exempt  from  cap- 
ture ;  (6)  that  the  attack  or  bomliardment  by  whatever  means 
of  towns,  villages,  dwellings,  or  buildings  which  are  undefeude<l 
is  prohibited  ;  (7)  that  no  general  penalty,  pecuniary  or  other- 
wise, shall  be  uiflieted  upon  the  population  on  account  of  tiiu 
acts  of  individuals  for  which  they  cannot  be  regarded  as  jointly 
and  severally  responsible. 

In  the  invasion  of  Belgium  and  France  no  attention  was  paid 
by  Germany  to  these  provisions  of  international  law,  althougli 
she  had  herself  subscribed  to  them.    Belgians  have  been  eni- 

fdoyed  in  labors  contributing  to  the  German  arms.  Churt'h<>!4, 
ibraries,  museums,  have  been  specially  marked  out  for  destruc- 
tion. Hospitals  have  been  chosen  as  targets  for  bombardment. 
Hospital  ships  have  been  singled  out  for  attack  at  sea.  Not  only 
has  pillage  been  practiee<l,  but  what  the  rohliers  coiUd  not  carry 
away  they  have  m  mere  wantonness  destroyed.  Not  only  have 
undefended  cities  and  villages  l)eeii  bombarded,  but  retreating 
troojjs  have  habitually  bumetl  the  villages  through  which  they 
passed,  or  stored  them  with  mines  timed  to  destroy  the  buildin^^n 
as  soon  as  the  Germans  had  esca])e<I  from  the  perils.    Mei- 

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women,  and  children  have  been  seized  and  expatriated,  and  hun- 
dreds of  them  shot  without  trial.  And  on  the  sea  the  long- 
required  law  that  no  merchant  vessel  can  be  sunk  without 
provision  for  the  safety  of  the  crew  and  passengers  has  been 
disr^^rded.  What  does  impartial  justice  demand — "justice 
that  plays  no  favorites  and  loiows  no  standard  but  the  equal 
rights  of  the  several  peoples  concerned  "  ? 

Certainly  it  does  not  demand  that  the  King  of  the  Belgians 
and  the  Prime  Minister  of  France  sit  down  at  the  same  council 
table  with  the  men  who  have  devastated  their  territory  and 
murdered  their  fellow-citizens.  It  does  not  mean  that  Belgium, 
France,  and  Italy  shall  act  toward  Germany  as  though  nothing 
had  occurred  to  prevent  a  partnership  with  her  for  the  purpose 
of  establishing  international  justice  and  maintaining  mtema- 
tional  peace.  Any  League  of  Nations  in  which  the  Allies  should 
invite  Germany  to  share  in  its  obligations  and  responsibili- 
ties would  be  insincere.  The  necessary  foundation  for  such 
a  league,  mutual  trust  and  confidence,  would  be  lacking.  It 
would  be  a  league  of  Apostles  with  Caiaphas  to  promote 
Christianity. 

But,  on  the  other  hand,  neither  would  justice  justify  the  de- 
struction of  German  cities  by  the  Allies  to  compensate  for  the 
destruction  of  cities  of  Belgium  and  France  by  Germany.  That 
would  be  revenge,  not  justice.  Justice  is  constructive.  It  always 
seeks  the  protection  and  welfare  of  the  community.  If  Becker  is 
sent  to  the  electric  chair,  it  is  not  to  get  even  with  him  for  having 
given  support  to  assassins.  It  is  because  the  city  is  not  safe  while 
he  is  at  large,  and  because  his  execution  will  serve  as  an  effect- 
ual warning  to  the  murderous  gang  which  he  has  protected.  To 
destroy  Hiunburg  or  Colog^ne  would  not  make  French  cities 
secure.  It  would  be  more  apt  to  incite  private  revenge  and 
involve  French  cities  in  new  perils.  It  would  be  to  adopt  the 
German  method  without  the  poor  excuse  furnished  by  the  fury 
of  battle.  Even  a  threat  beiorehand  to  destroy  city  for  city, 
which  has  been  proposed,  would  be  of  questionable  value.  It  is 
doubtful  whether  the  threat  would  have  the  effect  to  prevent 
the  destruction  by  the  Germans  of  French  cities ;  and  doubtful 
whether  the  Allied  soldiers  would  be  found  willing  to  apply  the 
torch  to  a  city  undefended  by  troops  and  occupied  by  citizens 
who  are  innocent  of  the  crimes  which  the  destruction  of  the  city 
is  supposed  to  avenge. 

It  is  just  that  Grermany  repair,  as  far  as  money  can  rerair, 
the  damage  she  has  inflicted  upon  France  and  Belgium.  Her 
obligation  to  furnish  such  reparation  is  explicitly  recognized  by 
the  Hague  convention  which  she  has  signed,  and  in  the  case  of 
Belgium  by  the  statement  made  by  the  German  Prime  Minister 
to  the  Reichstag  at  the  opening  of  the  war. 

It  is  just  that  she  give  to  the  Allies  from  her  ports  a  ship  for 
every  one  which  she  has  lawlessly  sunk  at  sea. 

It  is  just  that  the  cost  of  this  reparation  be  made  to  fall  as 
far  as  possible  on  the  individuals  in  Germany  who  are  respon- 
sible tor  the  conduct  of  the  war  i^ther  than  on  the  common 
people  who  have  been  coerced  or  deluded  into  giving  it  their 
support. 

Therefore  it  would  be  just  to  take  possession  of  Germany  as 
Germany  took  possession  of  Belgium,  and  confiscate  the  prop- 
erty of  the  war  lords  including  the  Kaiser,  confiscate  the  Krupp 
works  and  all  other  munition  factories,  confiscate  the  landed 
property  of  the  Junker  class  without  whose  support  the  war 
woidd  not  and  could  not  have  been  maintained,  and  use  the 
proceeds  of  these  confiscations  in  paying  the  damages  due  to 
Belgium  and  France. 

It  would  be  just  to  split  the  great  estates  into  small  holdings 
and  sell  them  to  peasants  on  some  adequate  security  that  they 
would  occupy  and  cultivate  them.  This  would  be  just  because 
such  a  peasant  occupation  of  the  land  would  be  the  best  prac- 
tical guarantee  against  militarism  in  the  future. 

It  would  be  just  to  dismantle  the  forts,  reduce  the  fleet, 
and  do  whatever  is  necessary  in  the  disorganization  or  re- 
organization of  the  army  to  give  reasonable  assurance  that  it 
would  not  and  could  not  be  again  used  in  a  war  of  conquest. 

It  would  be  just  to  bring  to  trial  and  condign  punishment 
any  who,  in  viouition  of  the  laws  of  war  and  of  the  explicit  con- 
vention of  The  Hague  signed  by  Germany,  have  been  guilty  of 
the  crime  of  murder.  0^  correspondent  in  The  Outlook  of 
October  9,  in  the  article  "  With  Whom  and  for  What  Are  We 


at  War  ?"  emphasizes  this  principle  and  cites  as  an  illustration 
the  case  of  the  captain  of  the  submarine  who  sank  the  Lusi- 
tania.    The  principle  is  sound  and  the  illustration  is  apt. 

In  short,  it  would  be  just  to  put  Germany  in  the  hands  of  a 
receiver  who  would  pay  its  just  debts  to  France  and  Belginm 
and  in  the  hands  of  a  guardian  who  would  provide  protection 
for  the  German  people  and  their  neighbors  from  the  madmoi 
who  have  bankrupted  their  Fatherland  and  brought  upon  the 
civilized  world  this  unparalleled  tn^^edy. 

It  would  be  just  to  put  an  army  of  occupation  in  Germany 
until  these  acte  of  justice  were  accomplished. 

And  it  would  be  just  to  restore  to  France  the  territories  of 
Alsace  and  Lorraine,  of  which  Germany  robbed  her  in  1871 ; 
and  it  would  not  be  just  to  restore  to  Germany  any  of  the 
colonies  of  which  she  has  been  deprived  by  this  war  unless  die 
citizens  in  those  colonies  consented  by  a  free  and  nn trammeled 
vote  to  come  again  under  German  sovereignty. 

We  are  not  outlining  a  policy.  We  are  not  attempting  to 
cover  in  one  brief  article  all  the  rights  and  duties  of  the  Euro- 
pean  peoples.  We  are  only  attempting,  to  point  out  what  would 
be  just  in  respect  to  Germany,  France,  and  Belginm.  We  aie 
not  saying  that  the  course  which  we  have  outlmed  would  be 
expedient ;  we  are  simply  saying  that  it  would  be  just.  It  would 
meet  the  definition  furnished  by  the  President  in  his  address  of 
September  28 :  "  A  justice  that  plays  no  &vorite8  and  knows  no 
standard  but  the  equial  rights  of  the  several  peoples  oonoemed." 
It  would  accord  with  Justinian's  definition  of  justice:  "A 
constant  and  perpetual  will  to  render  to  each  one  his  own 
right." 


WHAT  IS  THERE  TO  BE  AFRAID  OF? 

In  his  Memorial  Day  address,  in  Scranton,  the  Secretary  ol 
the  Navy  expressed  three  thoughts  that  sank  deeply  into  the 
writer's  mind.  One  was  this :  T^t  life  was  a  finished  life  that 
has  made  the  supreme  sacrifice,  whether  in  length  it  was  twent; 
or  seventy  years.  Another  thought  was  this :  The  real  battle- 
line  is  not  in  France,  but  in  the  hearts  of  the  American  people. 
And  still  another  :  What  cowardice  is  in  the  soldier,  peasimum 
is  in  the  life  of  the  dvilian.  Such  sentences  stimulate  our  faith. 
They  are  a  fine  expression  of  a  sane  optimism. 

During  the  past  summer  while  the  great  German  offensive 
was  in  progress  there  was  in  this  country  a  tensity  of  feeling, 
a  state  of  mental  anxiety,  and,  on  the  part  of  many  pe<^e,  t 
failing  of  heart.  Each  day  we  scanned  the  headlines  and  then 
quickly  turned  to  the  casualty  lists,  secretly  dreading  that  we 
might  find  there  some  familiar  name,  perchance  of  one  who  i^ 
dearer  to  us  than  all  the  world.  Sometimes  it  may  he  a  kind- 
ness to  withhold  the  full  truth  from  those  that  cannot  bear  it 
But,  in  the  long  run,  it  is  better  to  know  the  truth  tiaat  to 
deceive  ourselves  into  a  false  confidence.  Better  to  snffer 
because  of  truth  than  to  enjoy  a  pleasurable  sensation  based  <bi 
lies.  Let  us  be  thankful  for  the  sustaining  and  steadying  power 
of  a  vital  faith.  We  are  not  walking  along  the  pathway  of  a 
fool's  paradise  where  the  stem,  ugly  facts  of  life  are  camou- 
flaged to  appear  as  pretty  flowers.  We  have  all  met  on  a  ooro- 
mon  battle-ground  where  they  who  fight  and  love  and  pray 
and  toil  must  suffer  together  in  the  comradeship  of  a  lite  o^ 
service. 

The  root  of  pessimism  is  unbelief.  The  root  of  optimism  i^ 
faith — faith  in  self,  faith  in  the  best  of  humanity,  faith  in  tb- 
triumph  of  the  right,  faith  in  the  future  of  our  country,  faith  in 
the  stability  of  nature  and  in  the  moral  order  of  the  universe, 
faith  in  the  truth  and  the  ideals  of  deimocracy,  faith  in  God. 
These  are  the  realities  to  tie  up  to  when  the  hoped-for  tidin<^ 
from  across  the  seas  turn  out  to  be  "evil  tidings."  If  things 
come  to  the  worst,  it  is  not  time  for  despair,  but  more  resfdntr 
action  inspired  by  an  intensified  faith.  True  religion  help^  a 
man  to  look  facts  in  the  face,  and  assureis  him  tliat,  no  mattw 
how  terrifying  those  facts  may  be,  all  will  be  well  wfarai  di- 
long  day  ends. 

What  is  there  to  be  afraid  of  ?  "  Nothing  I"  says  the  H*^* 
Master  of  mankind.  "  Fear  not  them  whic£  kill  the  body  but 
cannot  kill  the  soul."  "  Courage.'"  he  s^d  to  his  timid  (li"*- 
ples  who  were  sliuking  in  the  ^mdows  of  the  Cross.    "  In  li- 

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world  you  shall  have  tribulation.  But  courage  t  I  have  over- 
come tiie  world."  With  such  inspiring  leadership  what  can  there 
be  to  fear?  Nothing!  absolutely  nothing,  except  one  thing,  to 
be  afraid  of  cowardice !  If  the  real  batue-line  be  in  the  hearts 
of  the  American  people,  and  if  so  much  depends  upon  the  morale 
of  the  people,  let  us  do  our  part  in  holdmg  the  line  by  such  a 
devotion,  such  a  loyalty,  sucm  a  consecration,  that  every  shred 
of  fear  shall  be  torn  from  our  souls — the  fear  of  loss,  the  fear  of 
starvation,  the  fear  of  suffering,  the  fear  of  criticism,  the  fear 
of  failure,  the  fear  of  foes,  the  fear  of  death.  If  pessimism  in 
the  civilian  is  what  cowardice  is  in  the  soldier,  then  why  not 
throw  overboard  the  whole  abominable  philosophy  of  pessimism 
and  become  rational  optimists  ? 

In  the  final  analysis  it  is  a  very  simple  matter.  It  is  merely 
a  matter  of  looking  at  things  from  the  right  angle— of  shifting 
the  emphasis  to  where  it  belongs.  De  Witt  H.jae  defined  pessi- 
mism as  **  the  art  of  emphasizing  the  evil,"  and  optimism  as  "  the 
art  of  emphasizing  the  good  and  throwing  the  evil  in  the  back- 
ground." The  pessimist  looks  on  the  dark  side  of  life  and  things 
— he's  afraid:  In  a  world  of  mingled  good  and  evil  we  dare 
not  entirely  ignore  the  evil.  But  on  a  man's  attitude  toward  life 
hangs  his  happiness  or  misery.  Here  is  a  good  motto  for  these 
dark  days  of  war  when  the  boat  slides  out  to  sea  and  for  weeks 
the  soul  lingers  in  the  agony  of  suspense :  "  He  shall  not  be 
afraid  of  evil  tidings.  His  heart  is  fixed ;  trusting  in  the  Lord." 
No  news  is  good  news.  So  often  "  the  worst  turns  the  best  to 
the  brave."  An  American  lad  in  France  received  no  letters  for 
several  months.  Why  should  he  worry  and  imagine  the  worst? 
One  glad  day  he  got  a  stack  of  mail  fifty  letters  high !  The 
writer  called  at  a  home  from  which  a  son  had  gone  to  sea  on 
the  ill-fated  Tuscania.  Those  were  days  of  awful  suspense. 
But  at  last  came  the  message,  **  Safe." 

There  are  three  reasons  for  confidence  in  the  face  of  the  worst 
that  can  possibly  happen. 

1.  Our  cause  is  just.  We  have  gone  into  the  war  with  a  dear 
National  conscience  so  tax  as  our  relations  with  Germany  are 
oonoemed.  We  were  inspired  with  the  loftiest  humanitarian 
ideals.  We  ooold  not  stay  out  of  the  world  arena  and  maintain 
our  sense  of  National  self-respect.  It's  only  the  man  who  has 
done  wrong  who  is  afraid.  It  s  only  the  nation  guilty  of  such 
cfdoesal  injustices  and  horrors  as  are  bound  up  ¥rith  the  policies 
and  practices  of  the  German  Government  that  has  anything  to 
fear  when  the  complex  processes  of  the  imiversal  moral  law  work 
out  to  their  inevitable  conclusions.  As  long  as  we  are  true  to 
tiie  highest  we  can  rely  on  the  help  of  the  righteous  forces 
which  determine  the  destinies  of  men  and  nations.  We  need 
to<lay  the  spirit  of  serene  confidence  which  breathes  in  Hermann 
Hageidom's  inspiring  x>oem,  "  The  Just  Cause :" 

"  There  is  a  Lieht  where'er  I  go, 
There  is  a  Splendor  where  I  wait. 
Though  all  around  be  desolate, 
Warm  on  my  eyes  I  feel  the  glow. 

The  fight  is  long,  the  triumph  slow. 

Yet  sliall  luy  soul  stand  strong  and  straight ; 

There  is  a  Light  where'er  I  go, 
There  is  a  Splendor  where  I  wait. 

My  enemy  is  strong,  I  know. 

His  arts  are  sly,  his  guns  are  great. 

I  do  not  fear  him  or  his  hate. 
In  fog,  in  darkness,  gropes  my  foe. 
There  is  a  light  where'er  1  go !" 

2.  God  is  near.  God  has  not  been  driven  out  of  his  universe 
at  -  the  point  of  the  Prussian  bayonet.  You  can't  shoot  God. 
Voa  can't  track  him  down  with  the  swiftest  submarine  nor 

}>unne  him  through  the  air  with  a  Zeppelin.  You  can't  throw 
jrod  overboard  a  super-dreadnought  and  drown  liim  in  a  sea  of 
blood.  If  the  moral  law  is  supreme,  the  Kaiser  will  never  occupy 
tl*^  throne  of  the  universe  and  God  will  never  forsake  us. 
Clod  is  a  spiritual  Presence  to  those  who  fight  and  those  who 
1<  »ve.  John  Kothermel  drove  an  American  ambulance  into  the 
v«ry  mouth  of  hell,  and  amid  the  torrent  of  shell-fire  knew  that 
Ood  vras  with  him,  aud  sang  out  joyfully  and  defiantly,  amid 
elie  crashing  thunder  ol  the  guns,  "  The  Lord  is  the  strength 
f,f  ruy  life.  Of  whom  shall  1 1^  afraid  ?" 

3.  Death  does  not  matter.   This  is  one  of  the  wonderful 


revelations  of  this  war.  Men  devoted  to  great  ideals  are  not 
afraid  to  die.  The  German  type  of  psychology  has  broken  down. 
Terrorism  does  not  terrify.  In  Maeterlinck  s  "  The  Blue  Bird  " 
there  is  a  wonderfully  beautiful  scene  where  the  children  stand 
before  the  gates  of  the  City  of  the  Dead,  waiting  for  the  mid- 
night hour  when  the  gates  will  swing  open  and  they  can  enter 
and  see  the  dead  rise  from  their  tombs.  The  little  girl  crouches 
with  fear  under  the  arras  of  her  protector.  At  last  the  clock 
strikes ;  the  gates  swing  open ;  the  angel  of  the  Resurrection 
comes  to  guide  the  children  through  the  silent  city.  Suddenly  the 
great  slabs  begin  to  move.  The  tombs  are  open.  In  a  moment 
will  come  forth  the  skeletons  or  pale  ghosts  of  those  who  once 
breathed  life.  No !  What  the  children  see  is  a  resurrection ! 
Life !  Life !  Life  eiierywhere  !  And  flowers,  and  happiness,  and 
hope !  "  And  where  are  the  dead  ?"  they  ask,  and  the  angel 
answers,  "  There  are  no  dead  I" 

Dr.  Hillis  met  a  fine  young  American  soldier  in  France  who 
told  him  his  experience.  "  For  months  I  have  been  the  victim  of 
fear.  My  imagination  has  taken  hold  of  aU  the  stories  of  wounded 
men  and  made  the  wounds  personal.  I  fall  asleep  at  ten  o'clock 
to  waken  at  twelve,  drenched  with  sweat.  Through  my  imagina- 
tion I  have  had  my  legs  cut  off  and  walked  the  earth  a  cripple ; 
I  have  lost  my  eyes  and  gone  forth  blind ;  I  have  lost  my  arms 
and  hands ;  .  .  .  I  have  breathed  poison  gas ;  I  have  been 
blackened  with  liquid  fire ;  I  have  died  a  thousand  deaths  ;  but 
now,  for  the  first  time,  I  understand.  Let  me  think  my  way 
through  what  you  have  said."  Afterwards  Dr.  Hillis  met  him 
again  and  f oimd  him  transformed,  giving  this  testimony :  "  I 
want  you  to  know  that  fear  in  me  is  dead.  I  have  put  it  to  the 
test.  I  front  these  dangers  of  death  with  a  physical  shrinking 
because  one  does  not  bke  pain;  but  as  to  dying  and  death, 
they  are  beneath  my  heel.  I  want  you  to  know  that  when 
you  go  home  you  have  left  here  a  aoldier  for  whom  death  is 
deadr 

With  a  cause  that  is  absolutely  just,  with  a  God  who  is  always 
near,  and  with  a  faith  in  which  death  is  swallowed  up  in  victory, 
what  is  there  in  all  the  universe  that  we  should  fear? 


THE    BOY    IN    THE    BASSINET 

The  Happy  Eremite  leaned  over  the  bassinet.  The  New  Baby 
was  asleep.  He  was  an  excellent  baby  in  that  respect,  not  at  all 
like  his  older  sisters.  Yon  could  throw  him  anywhere  (or  so  it 
seemed),  and  after  a  minute  or  two  of  indignant  protest  he 
woiUd  resign  himself  to  the  inexplicable  whims  of  a  curious 
world,  knowing  that  there  was  a  refuge  for  him  in  that  sweeter 
world  of  dreams  with  which  he  was  evidently  pleasantly  famil- 
iar. Unquestionably  he  knew  all  its  highways  and  hidden  lanes. 
In  that  world  he  was  no  helpless,  wriggling  thing  on  his  back, 
staring  up  at  an  assortment  of  giants  large  and  giants  small, 
who  squirted  things  into  his  eyes  and  otherwise  outrageously 
invaded  his  rights  as  a  free  citizen  of  a  republic  ;  but  a  dancing, 
running  human  being  on  legs  with  companions  {My!)  that 
would  make  the  eyes  of  these  ruthless  giant  people  bulge  if  they 
saw  them.  He  could  tell  them  stories — if  he  felt  uclined.  There 
was  that  race  on  the  back  of  an  e^le  yesterday,  for  instance, 
over  seas  and  moimtains  and  soft  green  valleys,  with  somebody 
else's  baby  on  another  eagle,  but  hopelessly  outdistanced.  There 
was  that  excursion,  dingmg  to  the  fins  of  a  great  porjwise,  out 
of  the  water  and  in  agam,  out  of  the  water  and  in  agdn.   (Oh, 

ho'l.') 

1  le  preferred  not  to  say  anything  alwut  it.  But  he  slept  all 
he  coiild.  The  Giants  said  he  waa  just  naturally  a  '*  good " 
baby.  He  chuckle<l  and  did  not  undeceive  them.  There  was 
lenty  of  time  for  them  to  find  out  what  a  devil  of  an  adventurer 


e  was. 


The  Happy  Eremite  looked  down  at  his  son,  dimly  aware 
that  the  miud  behind  tliose  serious,  unblinking  eyes,  that  quiet 
brow,  that  firm,  judicial  moutli,  knew  things  that  Giants 
dreamed  not  of. 

"  They  say  you  look  like  me,"  he  murmureil.  "  Poor  little 
scrap,  y(»u  can't  help  that.  Besides,  they're  wrong.  I  never  had 
a  foreliead  like  that,  or  a  mouth  like  that,  and  my  eyes,  says 
your  mother,  are  green.  So  you  may  turn  out  an  Adonis.  aft«>r 
aU,  though  I  dou't  hold  out  much  encouragement.    Your  n 

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is  evidently  somebody  else's.  It  doesn't  fit.  You  go^  it  by  mis- 
take. And  now  it's  too  late  to  return  it" 

The  Happy  Eremite  sank  down  on  a  chair  and  rested  his 
arms  on  the  foot  of  the  bassinet.  The  Female  Giants  were  all 
busy  in  various  parts  of  the  house.  He  was  in  solitary  posses- 
sion. He  let  his  chin  sink  in  his  folded  hands  and  stared  at  the 
imperturbed  little  face. 

'^Old  man,"  he  murmured.  **  Old  man." 

He  watched  him  for  a  long  time  in  silence. 

"  Dear  old  scout,"  he  said  at  last,  very  softly,  "  I  wonder 
when  you  11  discover  the  kind  of  thing  your  mother  and  I  have 
let  you  in  for  ;  and  I  wonder  whether  you'll  thank  us  or  not 
when  you  make  the  discovery.  We  have  brought  you  here  in 
wild  times.  The  top  of  the  world  has  blown  clean  off,  sonny. 
We'll  never  be  able  to  put  it  on  again — ^not  your  mother  and  I 
and  the  other  folks  like  us  who  are  slipping  mto  middle  age  as 
a  canoe  slips  out  of  the  head  waters  into  vie  wide,  featureless 
stretch.  We  are  leaving  that  little  job  to  you.  We  are  leaving 
you  taxes  and  cripples  and  veterans  with  a  grouch  and  endless 
pension  bills  and  economic  problems  and  social  problems  and 
politick  problems  and  racial  problems — not  here  only  but  far 
off  in  countries  your  father  never  heard  of  until  a  year  or  two 
or  three  aeo.  We  are  leaving  you  all  these  things.  But  we  hope 
that  we  shall  also  leave  you  something  else — ^liberty — as  we 
one  asset  that  shall  save  the  estate  from  bankruptcy.  If  we  can 
leave  you  that,  the  liabilities  will  not  bother  you  much.  If  you 
have  uberiy,  you  can  pay  the  greatest  of  them  off  in  time.  If 
you  have  liberty,  I  shall  not  be  sorry  for  you  at  all,  for  you  will 
be  of  those  who  rebuild  a  world,  and  that  is  more  glorious  than 
anything  the  strange  mad  king  ever'dreamed  of  wben  he  said 
three  words  and  brought  the  world  to  smash. 

"  If  you  don't  have  liberty,  why  then — but  you  will  /" 

The  Happy  Eremite  gazed  into  the  shadowy  recess  under 
the  bassinet  s  blue-lined  hood.  The  boy  was  breathing  gentiy 
in  and  out. 

"  They  are  talking  of  peace  now,"  went  on  the  Happy  Ere- 
mite. "  In  the  council-rooms  men  are  bestirring  themsdves  to 


make  an  end  of  batties.  It  seems  a  humane  and  wise  desire.  But 
some  of  the  men  are  treacherous  and  some  are  vain  and  some 
are  full  of  fears ;  and  out  of  their  treachery  and  their  vani^ 
and  their  fearsomeness  I  doubt,  somehow,  whether  they  will 
patch  up  for  you,  old  man,  a  peace  that  will  mean  liberty.  I 
wish  that  they  could  take  you  mto  their  councils. 

"  Somewhere  now,  at  this  moment,  perhaps,  men  who  will  be 
blown  from  the  dust-heap  with  yester^y's  ashes  when  you  come 
to  your  own  are  making  the  great  decision.  A  righteous  peace, 
a  just  peace,  and  yon  w^  have  the  liberty  you  wul  need  to  help 
build  the  world  after  that  vision  that  you  will  clearly  see  and 
we  elders  cannot  even  guess  at.  A  tired  peace,  a  coward's 
peace,  and  you,  old  man,  will  have  no  time  for  building  at  all. 
Vour  heart  and  mind  will  be  too  full  of  guns  and  khaki,  and  in 
twenty  years,  when  you  are,  say,  in  your  junior  year  at  college, 
the  call  will  come,  and  you  will  answer  it  to  do  what  your  father's 
generation  failed  to  do,  to  make  secure  that  liberty  which  true 
men  need  if  they  are  to  grow. 

"  Old  man,  old  man,  said  the  Happy  Eremite,  softly,  "  I 
don't  want  you  in  twenty  years  to  have  to  take  up  a  gun  I  If  the 
need  arises,  I  shall  expect  you  to  go.  But  it  would  1^  infinitely 
better  for  the  world  that  I  and  my  generation  should  all  of  us 
say  good-by  to  littie  boys  in  bassinets  and  go  and  do  the  job 
once  and  for  all,  even  thoush  none  of  us  should  come  back,  than 
that  the  job  should  be  left  naif  done  only  to  descend  as  a  burden 
and  an  affliction  to  you.  I  and  my  generation  have  had  our 
youth.  We  have  had  our  glorious  moments.  Many  of  us  have 
known  the  wonder  of  love,  and  somie  of  us  have  known  the 
momentaiy  magic  of  fame.  We  have  fought  and  enjoyed,  and 
we  can  afford  to  die.  But  you,  old  man,  you  mustn't  have  to 
take  up  a  gim  just  at  the  first  daybreak  of  life." 

For  a  long  time  the  Happy  Eremite  sat  silent  with  his  chin 
still  resting  on  his  folded  hands.  "  Dear  old  sleepyhead,"  he 
whispered,  ''  if  in  your  dreams  you  come  across  an  Angel,  tell 
Mm  your  father  says  that  he  doesn't  want  peace  until  it's  peace 
with  liberty  ;  and  please  to  intercede  with  Grod,  in  xaeny  to  all 
boys  in  bassinets." 


MUSIC  AT  THE  FRONT 

AN    INTERVIEW    WITH    WALTER   DAMROSCH 
BY   GABRIELLE   ELLIOT 


IS  there  a  sound  psvcholc^cal  basis  for  what  has  been  called 
the  "  epidemic  oi  music  at  the  front,"  and  for  the  various 
demands  upon  the  public  at  home  for  concerts,  band  instru- 
ments, and  phonograph  music,  or  are  we  merely  "  coddling  " 
the  men's  attention  away  from  the  stem  business  on  which  they 
are  engaged  ?  Dr.  Walter  Damrosch,  leader  of  the  New  York 
Symphony  Orchestra,  and  one  of  our  leading  exponents  of  the 
music-is-a-necessity  theory,  emphatically  states  that  our  men 
actuaUy  need  music,  and  further  believes  that  the  prompt  recog- 
nition of  this  fact  by  American  military  authorities  has  been,  in 
part  at  least,  responsible  for  the  startling  successes  of  the  United 
States  forces  in  the  war. 

"  Any  man  or  woman  who  helps  now  in  the  immense  task  of 
providing  musical  entertainment  for  our  fighting  men  is  con- 
tributing directiy  to  that  driving  force  which  is  sweeping  our 
armi^  '  over  the  top '  to  ultimate  victory,"  is  Dr.  Damrosch's 
own  statement  of  the  case.  "  There  is,  in  truth,  an  '  epidemic  of 
music  at  the  front,'  and  any  one  who  has  been  to  the  front 
can  see  why.  Our  men  have  been,  and  increasingly  will  be,  pro- 
vided with  the  inspiration  which  music  gives,  and  the  morale  of 
the  American  forces,  which  has  been  the  subject  of  so  much 
admiring  comment,  is  in  no  small  measure  due  to  the  musical 
stimulus  they  have  had.  Music  makes  morale.  And  morale 
means  a  successful  army." 

Dr.  Damrosch  recentiy  returned  to  America  after  a  trip  to 

France,  during  which,  at  the  request  of  Geneial  Pershing,  he 

conducted  a  school  for   the  leaders  of   American    regimental 

bands  and  organized  the  first  great  training  camp  for  American 

^s  in  service.  His  commission,  whi(^  originally  included 


the  project  of  touring  American  rest  camps  with  an  orchestra 
formed  abroad,  proved  an  elastic  one,  for  it  included  the  eon- 
ducting  of  a  concert  in  Paris  at  which  he  was  the  first  foreign 
leader  to  wave  a  baton  in  the  great  Salle  de  Conservatoire — an 
honor  further  accentuated  by  the  fact  that  the  concert  occurred 
on  the  French  national  holiday,  July  14.  Thereafter  Dr.  Dam- 
rosch embarked  upon  the  most  novel  feature  of  his  trip  abroad 
— the  organization  of  a  school  for  bandsmen  and  band  leaders  of 
the  A.  E.  F.  He  succeeded  in  establishine  a  school  in  the  pictur- 
esque old  mUl  in  the  "  Valine  de  Choux '  (Valley  of  Cabbages). 
With  General  Pei-shing's  assistance.  Dr.  Damrosch  also  obtained 
the  release  of  French  musicians  to  act  as  instructors.  Autbv 
Coplet,  former  director  of  the  Boston  opera,  is  among  them. 
The  hardest  problem  to  solve  was  that  of  instruments,  and  again 
special  arrangements  were  made,  for  the  French  Government 
also  released  expert  instrument-makers  to  supplement  the  sup- 
ply and  furnish  previously  unobtainable  ones.  It  was  such  jyo- 
neering  as  this  which  convinced  Dr.  Damrosch  of  the  funda- 
mental soundness  of  his  idea  that  music  is  a  crying  need  in  the 
soldier's  life,  and  the  various  difficulties  he  met  in  attempting  tu 
supply  good  orchestral  music  proved  to  him  chat  there  are  gajM 
which  even  bauds  cannot  fill,  and  which  to  render  complete* 
musical  service  to  the  men  must  be  supplied  in  some  satinfats 
tory  way. 

"  If  music  is  not  available  in  one  form,"  said  Dr.  Damroisch, 
"  it  must  be  made  so  in  some  other  form.  That  is  one  reason 
why,  almost  as  soon  as  I  returned  to  this  coimtry,  I  accepte<l  tltr 
invitation  extended  to  me  by  Mr.  Vivian  Burnett,  the  cooi^hk^t 
and  author,  to  join  the  Phonograph  Records  Kecruitiug  Cor|w. 

Digitized  by  VJ\^*^V  IV^ 


1918 


THE   OUTLOOK 


287 


which  has  undertaken  the  task  of  co-ordinating  the  efforts  of 
other  organizations  and  individuals  to  equip  local  camps  and 
overseas  forces  with  an  ample  supply  of  phonogi-aphs  and 
recunls.    In  many  parts  of  the  country  training  stations  have 


<C)  Mllhkin.  \.  Y. 

OR.  WALTER  DAMROBCR,  LKADBR  OF  THK  NEW  YORK  BTHPHOKT 

ORCHESTRA 
Dr.  Daiiiroaoh  has  just  -letnmed  from  a  trip  to  Fiance,  daring  which 
he  oigiinized  a  echool  for  American  regimental  band  oondnotors  and 
was  honored  by  being  asked  to  conduct  a  concert  in  the  Salle  de 
Conaervatoire,  Paris,  where  no  foreign  leader  had  erer  wielded  a  baton 
before.  [>r.  Oamroech  believes  that  the  famishing  of  masio  to  the 
6gfating  foroee  is  an  essential  for  the  maintenance  of  morale,  and 
enooonigBS  the  sending  of  bands,  concert  singers,  instraments^  and 
phonograph  music  to  men  in  the  service 

been  kept  lavishly  supplied,  but  others  more  obscure  have 
been  almost  ignored,  many  ships  and  smaller  coast  patrols, 
submarine  chasers,  and  the  like  have  been  completely  over- 
looked, and  the  demands  coming  in  from  men  in  the  trenches,  in 
aviation  camps,  and  in  hospitals  abroad  are  sufficient  to  absorb 


a  round  million  records,  with  machines  and  needles,  yet  leav- 
ing some  requests  still  unfilled. 

"  When  I  remember  how  greedily  the  men  at  our  first  con- 
cert in  Paris  drank  in  the  music,  I  wish  that  all  the  members 
of  the  A.  E.  F.  could  listen  to  such  a  programme  every  day. 
The  Theatre  Champs  Elysees  was  packed  and  jammed — a  sea 
of  khaki — with  wen  hanging  on  the  music  as  though  to  mem- 
orize every  notei  I  knew  that  it  would  be  perhaiM  months 
before  any  man  &ere  would  have  an  opportunity  to  hear  any- 
thing more  music^  than  a  mouth-organ,  amateurishly  played 
at  that !  ,Men  who  have  undergone  the  hardships,  discomfort, 
and  suffering  of  the  long  marches,  crowded  quarters,  and  the 
terrible  stram  of  trench  life,  need  all  the  music  we  can  give 
them.  It  wipes  from  their  minds  the  memory  of  the  experiences 
through  which  they  have  passed.  They  need  their  military 
bands,  their  mouth-organs,  their  banjos,  their  phonogi-aphs, 
and,  with  the  latter,  all  sorts  of  records.  They  need  music — 
they  must  have  it. 

"  Any  one  who  bad  seen  the  boys  as  they  listened  to  the 
symphony  concert  we  gave  in  the  Salle  de  Conservatoire  July 
14  would  also  realize  how  all-inclusive  their  taste  is.  Though 
they  like  ragtime,  sentimental  ballads,  and  stirring  patriotic 
music,  they  also  like  orchestral  music,  operatic  selections,  and 
'  highbrow  stuff.'  There  is  no  tune  the  American  doughboy 
won't  listen  to,  and  few  he  does  not  enjoy.  Nor  are  the  dough- 
bqys  alone  to  he  considered  in  furnishing  morale-making  music 
to  the  fighters.  I  returned  on  an  army  transport  and  can  testify 
to  the  delight  the  men  took  in  their  phonograph  and  records. 
The  Corps  has  received  several  letters  from  hospitals  abroad 
and  convalescent  homes  in  America  asking  for  machines  and 
disks." 

The  Phonograph  Records  Recruiting  Corps  has  among  its 
members  Mr.  Frank  Damrosch  and  Mr.  Harry  Harkness  Fla^ 
ler,  through  whose  interest  Dr.  Walter  .Damrosch's  trip  to 
France  was  made  possible.  Other  patriotic  workers,  composers, 
and  singers — Mme.  Frances  AJda,  Victor  Herbert,  John  Philip 
Sousa,  John  McCormack,  Mrs.  Charles  H.  Ditson — ^and  mili> 
tary  and  naval  authorities,  such  as  Major-General  Grote 
Hutcheson  and  Major-General  H.  L.  Scott — have  indorsed 
the  plan  and  are  working  actively  on  it.  Headquarters  of  the 
National  committee  are  at  21  East  Fortieth  Street,  New  Yoric 
City,  and  local  committees  of  music  lovers  have  been  formed 
in  approximately  two  hundred  towns  and  cities.  Wherever 
there  is  a  local  committee,  records,  machines,  and  needles  should 
be  sent  throush  it ;  otherwise  any  one  who  is  interested  may 
obtain  fuller  information  by  writing  to  Mr.  Vivian  Burnett, 
Chairman,  National  Phonograph  I^oords  Recruiting  Corps, 
21  East  Fortieth  Street,  New  York  City. 


MRS.  PANKHURST'S  VISIT 


THERE  have  been  much  discussion  and  condemnation  in 
the  past  of  the  part  Mrs.  Pankhnrst  has  played  in  the 
woman  suffrage  movement  in  England,  but  .her  visit  to 
the  United  States  which  has  just  come  to  a  close  has  demon- 
strated that  unquestionably  the  women  of  to-day  in  all  the  Allied 
(countries  put  the  winning  of  the  war  above  all  other  considera- 
tions. Mrs.  Pankhurst  was  sent  to  this  country  last  spring  by 
the  Women's  Party  of  England,  which  she  represents,  in  order 
to  present  to  the  American  women  the  British  women's  point 
nf  view  of  the  war.  Her  visit  was  made  with  the  sanction  of  the 
British  authorities. 

In  her  book  entitled  "  My  Own  Story  "  Mrs.  Pankhurst 
indicates  the  influences  which  in  later  years  led  to  her  advocacy 
of  militancy  in  the  effort  to  secure  (Mlitical  equality  for  women. 
She  relates  several  incidents  to  illustrate  the  fact  that  childhood 
iiiipr««sions  have  more  to  do  with  character  and  future  conduct 
than  heredity  or  education.  Her  parents  were  interested  in  the 
great  movements  of  their  time  and  took  an  active  part  in  them. 
Although  they  were  advocates  of  equal  suffrage,  Mrs.  Pank- 
hurst instinctively  liegan  to  feel  while  still  a  very  young  child 
tliat  there  was  something  lacking  even  in  her  own  home,  some 
falxe  conception  of  family  relations.  This  conviction  Uwk  more 
definite  shape  when  the  question  of  her  brothers'  education  was 


under  consideration.  The  boys'  education  was  of  real  impor- 
tance, but  the  education  of  the  girls  of  the  family  was  scarcely 
discussed  at  all.  Even  at  that  early  age  the  child  felt  the  dis- 
crimination made  between  tlie  sexes. 

Mrs.  Pankhurst  describes  the  Reform  Act  of  1866,  known  as 
the  Household  Franchise  Bill,  and  her  interest  in  it  and  in 
politics  generally.  With  her  mother  she  attende<l  her  first 
suffrage  meeting  when  she  was  fourteen  years  old.  And  she 
says  that  she  '^left  the  meeting  a  conscious  and  confirmed 
suffragist." 

From  that  time  on  her  interest  in  the  suffrage  movement 
never  ceased.  After  she  returned  home  from  school  in  Paris 
she  became  an  active  worker  for  woman  suffrage.  Through  this 
work  she  came  to  know  Dr.  Richard  Marsden  Pankhurst,  a 
barrister,  who  drafted  the  first  enfranchisement  bill,  which  was 
introduced  into  the  House  of  Commons  in  1870,  and  she  was 
married  to  him  in  1879.  Her  married  life  Iaste<l  nineteen  years, 
and  five  children  were  bom  to  her.  During  this  time  her 
domestic  duties  absorbed  most  of  her  attention,  but  in  spite  of 
that  fact  she  never  lost  interest  in  community  affairs. 

The  woman  suffrage  movement  in  England  collapse*]  wlu-n 
Mr.  Gladstone,  an  uiu-ompromisiug  opimnentof  equal  suffrage, 
shrewdly  couuteil  on  the  growing  organization  of  women  li\ 

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288 


THE   OUTLOOK 


23  October 


the  formation  on  national  lines  of  the  Women's  Liberal  Feder- 
ation. The  plan  was  that  the  women  should  ally  themselves  with 
the  men  in  party  politics, the  natural  infereneeof  the  women  being 
that,  through  that  alliance,  they  would  soon  secure  the  vote.  Mrs. 
Panhhurst  was  early  convinced  of  the  delusion  of  this  plan. 
But  it  was  not  until  she  found  it  impossible  to  obtain  by  peace- 
ful methods  the  rights  which  she  felt  were  due  to  women,  and 
after  she  had  held  public  office  and  had  seen  at  first  hand  the 
misery  and  unhappiness  which  prevailed  in  the  Government 
schools,  in  the  workhouses  and  other  charitable  institutions, 
that  she  reached  the  point  where  she  could  revolt  against  the 


MRS.  EMHKUNE  PANKHURST 


unequal  political  domination  of  men.  This  was  the  beginning 
of  the  new  phase  of  her  career.  Her  militant  course  from  this 
time  on  is  too  well  known  to  need  any  description. 

Upon  the  outbreak  of  the  war,  however,  because  it  seemed 
in  the  interest  of  the  national  welfare,  Mrs.  Pankhnrst  aban- 
doned her  cause.  There  was  no  delay,  no  hesitancy,  and  no 
reservation  on  her  part  nor  on  the  part  of  her  followers  in 
making  this  supreme  sacrifice.  It  was  a  revelation  to  the  world 
that  these  women  had  a  sense  of  proportion  and  vision  and 
patriotism. 

She  has  just  completed  a  speaking  tour  in  this  country  of  four 
months.  In  the  addresses  which  she  has  made  to  the  workers 
in  the  munition  factories  in  the  various  States  the  dominant 
note  struck  was  that  all  interests  should  be  subordinated  to  the 
one  great  purpose  of  working  to  bring  the  war  to  a  victorious 
conclusion.  She  told  in  a  most  insinring  way  of  the  work  done 
by  the  women  in  Great  Britain.  From  the  first  they  supported 
obligatory  military  service ;  they  fought  for  a  strict  blockade 
and  vigorous  use  of  Biitish  sea  power;  they  have  contended 
since  the  early  days  of  the  war  for  that  Allied  unity  which  is 
indispensable  to  victory ;  they  pioneered  for  -the  employment  of 
women  in  munition  factories,  and  were  mainly  insti-umental  in 
securing  the  adoption  of  this  great  means  of  increasing  Great 
Britain  s  military  strength ;  they  have  devotecl  themselves  to 
allaying  industrial  unrest,  preventing  and  putting  an  end  to 
strikes,  and  rousing  the  industrial  workers  to  greater  efforts  in 
the  national  cause. 

In  one  of  her  recent  speeches  Mrs.  Pankhurst  said  that  in  but 
a  single  instance  had  the  British  women  workers  threatened  to 


strike.  It  seems  that  in  one  of  the  munition  factories  the  women 
were  employed  seven  days  a  week.  The  authorities  concludeil 
that  this  was  not  proper  and  decided  to  discontinue  Sunday 
work,  although  men  in  other  plants  were  so  employed.  The 
women  realized  that  the  abandonment  of  this  one  day's  work 
would  mean  a  considerable  curtailment  in  the  output  and  would 
affect  the  prosecution  of  the  war.  In  order  to  gam  their  point, 
therefore,  they  threatened  to  stop  work  entirdy.  Needless  to 
say,  mattiers  were  adjusted  in  such  a  way  that  ^e  strike  never 
took  place. 

Mrs.  Pankhurst  claims  that  the  most  dangerous  front  is  not 
the  fighting  front,  but  the  "  home  front,"  as  she  calls  It.  She 
counsels  the  women  of  America  to  devote  more  and  more  time 
to  promoting  a  brotherhood  with  the  industrial  class,  and  to 
maKe  them  understand  that  this  is  a  war  against  autocnu*y. 
that  the  freedom  of  the  world  is  at  stake,  and  that  through  vic- 
tory full  social  reforms  will  come.  The  welfare  of  the  womeB 
munition  workers  and  the  men  in  the  mines  and  shipyards 
should  be  protected,  and  they  should  be  made  to  realize  that 
their  splendid  efforts  are  recognized  as  essential  in  the  winning 
of  the  war. 

Through  these  patriotic  efforts  the  women  of  England  have 
become  material  factors  in  the  nation's  strength  at  the  greatest 
crisis  in  its  history.  Suffrage,  which  they  had  renounced  and 
which  they  might  never  have  been  able  to  obtain  through  their 
own  efforts,  was  granted  to  them.  And  now  six  million  Eng- 
lish women  will  vote  in  the  coming  November  elections.  The<« 
elections  are  of  more  importance  than  any  ever  held  in  Eng- 
land. They  are  of  international  importance. 

The  Allies  are  confronted  with  two  great  problems — the 
problem  of  social  betterment  and  the  problem  of  winning  the 
war.  Social  betterment  has  been  in  the  course  of  evolution  and 
development  since  the  dawn  of  history,  and  there  is  the  entire 
future  in  which  to  work  out  these  problems  of  brotherhood  and 
justice.  Russia  tried  to  work  out  both  these  problems  at  onre 
and  failed.  It  is  evident  that  we  cannot  do  both  at  once.  The 
determination  to  vrin  the  war  must  now  be  universal,  and  no 
interest  can  be  allowed  to  either  delay  preparation  or  take 
advantage  of  the  crisis  to  further  its  own  ends. 

As  to  the  war,  the  Women's  Party  of  England  advocates : 

(1)^  War  till  victory,  followed  by  a  peace  imposed  upon  the 
Gennans  and  their  alUea. 

(2)  The  adoption  of  more  vigorous  war  measures  with  a  view 
to  securing  complete  and  speedy  victory.  The  measures  here 
recommended  are  food  rationing,  accompanied  by  tlie  develop- 
ment of  communal  kitchens;  non-essential  industries  to  be 
reduced  ;  tlie  ridding  of  Government  departments  of  all  ofiBcials 
who  have  shown  pacifist  and  pro-German  leanings  ;  better  co- 
ordination of  army,  navy,  and  aerial  efforts. 

(3)  The  present  Great  Alliance  to  be  maintained  after  the  war. 

Its  recommendations  r^^rding  industry  are  worthy  of 
special  note.  Briefly  stated,  they  are  as  follows : 

"  All  action  in  the  industrial  sphere  to  be  based  upon  the 
principle  that  the  interest  of  the  commimity  as  a  whole  tnw- 
scends  that  of  the  employer  .  . .  and  the  employed."  Parlia- 
ment must  be  the  final  adjudicator  between  capital  and  labor. 

"  The  problem  of  industrial  imrest  to  be  d^t  with  by  guar- 
antees to  the  workers  that  conditions  of  labor  and  the  naone; 
return  for  their  labor  shall  be  in  accordance  with  justice  and 
the  interest  of  the  nation.  The  solution  of  the  problem  of  indu^ 
trial  unrest  to  be  looked  for  in  this  direction,  and,  above  all 
in  the  shortening  of  hours  of  labor  rather  than  in  the  direcdou 
of  '  a  control  of  mdustry  by  the  workers.'  " 

That  there  is  no  loss  of  personal  dignity  and  individnal 
liberty  "  in  submitting  to  discipline  and  obeying  instructiiiii> 
for  a  certain  part  of  each  day,  provided  that  the  individual  t^ 
free  to  utilize  his  ample  hours  of  leisure  according  to  his  own 
particular  will." 

"  Increased  production  of  wealth  to  be  made  a  primary,  object 
by  all  engaged  m  industry,  in  whatever  capacity,"  for  "increased 
production  is  the  essential  means  to  the  abolition  of  povert; 
and  to  social  reform." 

And,  in  conclusion,  concerning  true  liberty : 

"  The  Women's  Party  maintains  that  the  internal  dangers 
that  threaten  the  existence  of  democratic  nations  at  the  pmieu! 
time  are  due  to  a  failure  to  realize  that  freedom  does  not  mtau 


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289 


the  absence  of  control  and  discipline,  but  really  means  self- 
control  and  self-discipline.  The  Women's  Party  is  of  opinion 
that  in  the  mind  of  every  British  man  and  woman  a  sense  of 
national  duty  and  responsibility  must  go  together  with  the 
sense  of  individual  political  and  economic  rights." 

About  four  years  ago  Mrs.  Pankhurst  visited  the  United 
States.  She  was  detained  at  Ellia  Island,  and  after  a  few  days 
admitted  to  this  country,  against  the  wishes  of  the  British 
anthoritaes.  Upon  her  return  to  England  she  was  taken  off  her 
steamer  by  a  police  boat  and  spent  three  months  in  jaiL 

During  the  past  few  months  Mrs.  Pankhurst  has  again  been 
visiting  ^e  United  States,  but  this  time  with  the  sanction  of  the 
British  authorities.  After  a  short  visit  in  Canada  she  is  return- 


ing to  England,  where  she  is  one  of  the  strong  factors  in  uphold- 
ing the  hands  oi  the  Government. 

The  attitude  of  the  British  authorities  and  people  toward 
Mrs.  Pankhurst  has  undergone  a  gfreat  change.  Mrs.  Pank- 
hurst's  attitude  toward  the  British  authorities  has  also  imder- 
gone  a  great  change. 

The  true  significance  of  these  changes  is  of  vital  interest  to 
the  thinking  people  of  this  country.  They  show  the  growing 
recognition  throughout  the  world  of  the  truth  upon  which  bot£ 
Lloyd  George  and  President  Wilson  have  recently  insisted, 
that  to  win  the  war  and  establish  a  just  and  democratic  peace 
the  full  industrial,  social,  and  political  co-operation  of  women 
with  men  is  absolutely  necessary. 


THE   CAPTAIN 

BY  J.  BRAINERD    THRALL 

He  was  a  captain  bom  and  bred.  In  years 

Though  yet  a  boy,  he  was  a  man  in  soul. 

Led  older  men  and  held  them  in  control. 

In  danger  stood  erect  and  quelled  their  fears. 

When  death  calls  such  a  captain,  he  but  hears 

As  'twere  a  distant  bugle  and  the  roll 

Of  far^ff  drums.  We  wrong  him  if  we  toll 

The  mournful  belL  Give  him  our  cheers,  not  tears  I 

Through  deadly  scorch  of  battle  flame  and  gas. 

Through  iron  hail  and  burst  of  shrapnel  shell, — 

Smiling  as  when  we  played  at  mimic  wars, — 

He  was  our  leader.   Is  it,  then,  not  well 

That  he  should  lead  before  us  to  the  stars? 

Stand  at  attention  I  Let  his  brave  soul  pass ! 


WHY  WE  NEED  A  DEMOCRATIC  CONGRESS 

BY   THE   HON.  CHAM?   CLARK 

SPEAKER  OF  THE   HOUSE  OF  REPRESENTATIVES 

This  article  was  written  at  onr  request  and  should  be  read  in  connection  with  the  article  by  Richard  Barry,  "  Why  We  ^eed  a  Republican 
Congress,"  which  appeared  in  The  Outlook  of  October  16.— The  Editors. 

friends  the  advice  of  one  of  their  &vorite  chieftains  in  the  days 
that  are  gone.  Senator  Marcus  A.  Hanna,  "  Let  well  enough 
alone  I" 

For  years  and  years  those  who  love  us  not  volubly  and  vehe- 
mently asserted  that  Democrats  were  a  party  of  negation, 
merely  that  and  nothing  more ;  that  we  did  not  have  sense 
enough  to  legislate. 

They  admitted  cautiously  and  reluctantly  that  in  the  spacious 
days  of  Thomas  Jefferson  and  Andrew  Jackson  we  did  some 
notable  things,  but  they  sneeringly  declared  that  modem  Demo- 
crats were  utterly  destitute  of  initiative  in  constructive  states- 
manship, and  that  if  we  came  into  power  we  could  accomplish 
nothing. 

As  prophets  of  evil  Cassandra  was  not  a  marker  to  them.  As 
makers  of  jeremiads  they  outctassed  Jeremiah  himself,  so 
that  the  grand  old  prophet  looked  like  a  novice. 

Unfortunately  for  the  country,  a  majority  of  the  people 
believed  their  assertions  for  a  long,  long  time. 

We  wandered  in  the  wilderness  nearly  as  long  as  did  Moses, 
the  most  masterful  lawgiver  of  all  the  centuries,  and  his  Israel- 
ites, but  at  last  the  scales  fell  from  the  people's  eyes,  and  they 
concluded  to  intrust  us  with  power  once  more. 

What  happened  ?  In  a  few  brief  years  we  placed  upon  the 
statute-books  more  constructive  legislation  of  the  most  highly 
beneficial  character  than  the  Republicans  enacted  in  two  decades 
r— legislation  so  good  that  in  addition  to  the  Democratic  votes 
nearly  all  the  Progressive  and  a  large  percentage  of  the  regular 
Republicans  voted  for  onr  great  constructive  measures. 

Before  we  got  in  Republicans  loudly  cried  that  we  could  ''" 


OUR  Republican  friends  are  raising  heaven  and  earth  to 
elect  a  Republican  House  and  S^ate.  They  ask  at  the 
tops  of  their  voices,  "  Why  should  the  Democrats  retain 
KMsession  of  the  two  branches  of  Congress  ?" 

The  answer  is  plain  and  easy.  It  is  because  we  deserve  to  do 
o.  "  Judge  a  tree  by  its  fruits  "  is  a  rule  of  conduct  prescribed 
>y  highest  authority.  It  is  a  good  rule,  a  wholesome  rule,  and 
)emocrat8  are  willing  to  be  judged  by  it. 

One  of  the  ablest  set  of  men  ever  assembled  in  America  was 
be  National  Republican  Convention  of  1880  in  Chicago.  The 
lORt  spectacular  feature  of  that  memorable  conclave  was  Rosooe 
>Hikbng's  splendid  speech  nominating  General  Grant.  The 
MMt  stnking  sentence  in  that  oration  was  this :  "  General 
Grant's  fame  was  earned,  not  alone  by  things  written  and  said, 
lit  by  the  arduous  greatness  of  things  done."  That  sentence 
itB  thie  Democrats  like  a  glove.  We  plant  ourselves  firmly  and 
riumphantly  on  our  unequaled  record — on  **  the  arduous  great- 
eflB  of  things  done ;"  not  on  promises,  but  upon  things — 
lonumental  things — accomplished.  We  are  proud — ^justly 
road — of  that  record.  On  that  magnificent  record  we  go  to 
be  people  with  unbounded  confidence,  appealing  to  their  good 
:-n8e  and  to  their  love  of  country.  In  the  last  seven  years 
)eniocTats  have  said  and  written  many  fine  things,  but  their  chief 
lorv  is  bottomed  on  the  "  arduous  greatness  of  things  done." 
D  the  very  nature  of  things,  most  of  what  has  been  said  and 
written  will  perish  from  human  memory,  but  the  fruits  of  what 
'e  have  accomplished  will  bless  and  prosper  the  American 
eople  so  long  as  the  earth  spins  on  its  axis  or  slides  down  the 
L'liptic.  lo  this  connection   I  commend  to  my   Republican 


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nothing.  Now,  marvelous  to  tell,  they  wildly  vociferate  that 
we  are  doing  too  much !  Verily,  verily,  they  are  hard  to  please. 
The  old  couplet — 

"  Convince  a  man  against  his  will, 
He's  of  the  same  opinion  still," 

clearly  applies  to  them.  On  the  one  hand,  I  never  think  of  the  old 
preposterous  Republican  declarations  touching  our  utter  lack 
of  the  power  of  constructive  statesmanship  with  which  they  so 
completely  gulled  the  voters  of  the  land  so  long  ;  and,  on  the 
other  hand,  of  our  wondrous  success,  that  I  do  not  recall  certain 
words  of  Charles  Dickens  when  he  said :  "  As  a  reporter  I  sat 
night  after  night,  under  the  gallery  of  the  House  of  Commons, 
recording  predictions  that  never  came  to  pass,  prophecies  that 
were  never  fulfilled,  and  explanations  that  were  only  meant  to 
mystify." 

A  mere  catalogue  of  the  remedial  bills  we  have  passed  would 
consume  more  space  than  is  available  to  me.  First  and  foremost, 
I  would  name  the  Income  Tax.  It  has  come  to  stay  as  an  inte- 
gral part  of  our  fiscal  system.  It  will  never  be  repealed.  Should 
the  Republicans  declare  for  its  repeal,  they  would  not  carry  ten 
States  m  the  Union. 

If  Democrats  had  done  nothing  else,  the  Reserve  Bank  Law 
would  entitle  us  to  a  new  lease  of  power.  It  works  admirably, 
and  reduces  the  chances  of  panics  to  zero,  whereas  the  old  finan- 
cial system  of  shreds  and  patehes  which  it  replaced  was  a 
breeder  of  panics  and  a  standing  invitation  to  panic-makers. 

Its  supplement  and  companion  piece,  the  Farm  Loan  Board, 
was  an  institution  badly  needed,  and  will  be  highly  beneficial 
to  the  American  farmers.  It  was  in  vogue,  in  more  or  less  per- 
fect operation,  in  every  Continental  nation  of  Europe.  Republi- 
cans had  talked  much  about  it,  but,  so  far  as  tliey  were  concerned, 
it  b^^  and  ended  in  talk.  Democrats  passed  the  law  and  put 
it  into  operation.  It  might  be  well  named  the  "  Great  Home 
Building  Law."  It,  like  the  Income  Tax  and  Reserve  Bank, 
has  come  to  stay.  There  is  no  more  chance  to  repeal  any  one  of 
those  three  Democratic  laws  than  there  is  to  repeal  me  rule 
of  three  or  the  law  of  gravitation. 

We  have  passed  laws  to  open  up  under  sane  and  safe  condi- 
tions our  marvelously  ridi  Alaskan  empire,  which  is  destined 
'to  furnish  homes  for  millions  of  our  children  and  our  children's 
children.  Our  law  stops  the  looting  of  Alaska's  natural 
resources. 

We  have  resurrected  and  resuscitated  the  American  mer- 
chant marine  and  restored  the  American  flag  to  the  high  seas — 
an  achievement  which  filLs  every  true  American  heart  with 
unspeakable  pride.  Republicans  had  talked  about  it  for  half  a 
century,  but  their  efforts  began  and  ended  in  words.  Democrats 
did  it,  and  deserve  a  new  lease  of  power  for.  doing  that,  even  if 
they  had  done  nothing  else. 

Democrats  overthrew  .the  one-man  power  in  the  House  of 
Representatives,  made  it  once  more  a  deliberative  body,  and 
restored  to  each  member  his  chance  to  have  a  voice  in  legisla- 
tion. Autocracy  in  the  House  is  as  dead  as  the  men  who  lived 
before  the  flood. 

Democrats  forced  the  election  of  United  States  Senators  by 
popular  vote — a  long  step  in  the  direction  of  "  a  government 
of  the  people,  by  the  people,  and  for  the  people." 

Democrats  have  enact^  laws  to  purify  elections,  the  Fed- 
eral Trade  Commission  Law,  War  Risk  Insurance,  Ship  Pur- 
chase Bill,  Clajrton  Anti-Trust  Law,  Philippine  Bill,  Water 
Power  Bill,  labor  laws.  Workmen's  Compensation  Law,  Sea- 
men's Law,  Anti-Injunction  Law,  pension  laws.  Good  Roads 
Law,  laws  authorizing  President  \\  ilson  to  utilize  all  the  re- 
sources of  the  Republic  in  prosecuting  to  a  victorious  conclusion 
the  world  war.  There  is  no  use  to  specify  these  various  enact- 
ments. 

The  people  are  apt  to  conclude  that,  as  we  have  done  so  well, 
it  will  be  best  to  support  the  Administration  by  electing  a 
Democratic  House  and  Senate. 

Towards  the  end  of  his  glorious  and  heroic  career,  St.  Paul 
proudly  exclaimed :  "  I  have  fought  a  good  fight !  I  have  kept 
the  faith."  Without  exaggeration  or  bad  taste,  Democrats 
can  appropriate  the  wortls  of  the  gi-eat  AjK^tle. 

In  addition  to  arguments  in  favor  of  the  continuance  of 
Democratic  control  of  the  two  houses  of  Congress,  based  on  the 


quantity  and  quality  of  our  work,  there  is  another  potent  argiv 
ment  rarely  noted.  It  is  this : 

Under  our  Constitution,  unless  b^  amendment,  we  cannot 
have  in  this  country  what  is  known  in  Europe  technically  a<i  i 
"  responsible "  government — that  is,  a  government  whicii. 
when  defeated  m  the  legislative  brandi  on  any  important 
measure  or  proposition,  immediately  goes  out  of  business  and  a 
new  election  is  held.  Such  "  responsible  "  governments  exist  iii 
various  degrees  and  stages  in  Great  Britain,  France,  Belginm. 
and  Italy,  and  some  other  European  nations.  The  titular  hetit 
of  such  a  government,  whether  king  or  president,  is  held  to  he 
"  irresponsible."  To  tell  the  truth,  he  luu  very  little  to  do  witlj 
governing ;  but  the  cabinet  ministers  are  held  to  the  strictet 
accomitabUity,  and  are  thrown  out  unceremoniously  whoi  tlx-v 
run  counter  to  the  sentiments  and  desires  of  the  people,  in 
whom,  in  the  final  analysis,  all  governmental  power  resides  in 
all  free  countries.  In  some  nations — Great  Britain,  for  instance- 
changes  of  government  occur  infrequently ;  while  in  others- 
France,  for  example — one  Ministry  follows  another  with  snrii 
rapidity  as  to  become  bewildering  and  kaleidoscopic. 

In  America,  however,  the  (>)nstitutional  provisions  as  u> 
elections  and  tenure  of  office  render  a  "  responsible  "  government 
in  the  European  technical  sense  impossible.  We  elect  oar  Presi- 
dents for  four  years.  Senators  for  six,  and  Representatives  for 
two.  Nobody  here  can  dissolve  the  Congress,  nobody  except  the 
President  can  throw  out  a  Cabinet — and  the  Cabinet  is  not  the 
Government  inany  way.  Thereis  no  way  toget  rid  of  a  President 
except  by  impeachment,  and  in  practice  impeachment  of  officiat 
in  this  country  has,  as  a  rule,  proved  an  ignominious  ^ulure. 

The  nearest  approximation  to  a  "  responsible  "  govemineit 
possible  here  is  where  the  President,  the  Senate,  and  the  Home 
are  of  the  same  political  complexion — ^as  is  thu  presait  cue: 
and  that  presents  the  b^t  situation  attainable,  for  then  tbr 
party  in  power  is  as  a  whole  held  to  atxxiimt  by  the  people ;  hot 
here,  however  desirable  a  change  in  Governmental  policies  ma; 
be  at  any  particular  time,  and  however  much  the  people  mav 
want  to  change  them,  they  must  wait  till  the  regular  ^ectioo^ 
at  stated  periods,  as  heretofore  set  out ;  whereas  in  Great  Brit- 
ain, for  instance,  when  the  Government  is  defeated  Parliamest 
is  dissolved  and  a  new  election  held.  In  my  judgment,  founded 
on  the  workings  of  the  Government  for  one  himdred  and  twentr- 
nine  years,  the  best  results  are  obtained  when  the  President 
Senate,  and  House  are  in  political  harmony.  Then  the  part) 
in  power  can  be  held  to  account ;  whereas,  if  they  are  not  of  tit- 
same  political  faith,  littie  or  nothing  is  accomplished,  and  aD 
sorts  of  criminations  and  recriminations  are  indulged  in  fcv  ihf 
doing  of  n<^hing. 

Now,  what  is  our  situation  in  the  impending  campaign  ?  Wr 
might  as  well  look  the  facts  in  the  face  and  act  for  the  beet 
interests  of  the  Republic. 

President  Wilson  is  in  for  the  two  and  a  half  years  next  ensu- 
ing. The  Senate,  also  Democratic,  is  certain  to  remain  Doatv 
cratic  for  at  least  three  years  more ;  so  that  the  House,  no* 
organized  as  Democratic  by  a  slender  majority,  is  really  tin 
omy  one  of  the  three  legislative  branches  whose  political  com^ 
plexion  can  be  changed  by  the  elections  next  November. 

W^hy,  then,  should  the  American  voters  inject  disoord  isti> 
the  various  parts  of  the  Governmental  machinery  when  the 
utmost  harmony  should  prevail  in  this  awful  crisis  of  our  affair 
— indeed,  of  the  whole  world's  affairs — when  representative  gov- 
ernment is  at  stake  ?  I  do  not  believe  that  they  will  be  so  unwise, 
and  therefore  I  confidentiy  expect  that  the  House  of  Repn^ 
sentatives  elected  in  November  will  be  Deinooratio  to  back  np 
a  Democratic  President  and  Democratic  AdministratioQ  in  the 
most  stupendous  task  ever  undertaken  by  the  childr^i  of  moL 
The  best  possible  team  work  is  needed  in  order  to  secure  victon 
in  the  titanic  struggle  in  which  we  are  now  engaged.  GrantHi 
freely  that  our  Republican  friends  are  patriotic,  the  fact  temaiu 
that  should  either  House  or  Senate — particularly  both  Hwjw 
and  Senate — change  political  complexion  it  would  be  ]iendd<<J 
throughout  the  world  that  the  American  people  are  hostile  t< 
President  Wilson  and  his  Administration  and  opposed  to  hi- 
war  policies,  which  woidd  give  us  an  awful  jolt  in  carrying  tb^ 
war  to  a  victorious  conclusion. 


Speaker's  Kooiu,  the  Capitol, 
Waahington,  U.  C,  October  9,  191S. 


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THE  AMERICAN  TAX-GATHERER 


BY  THEODORE   H.  PRICE  AND  RICHARD   SPILLANE 


THESE  are  parioos  times  for  the  person  who  has  anything 
that  ia  taxable,  and  who  in  his  mtriotism  is  not  willing  to 
meet  every  demand  of  the  Government  for  revenue. 
War's  costs  in  money,  as  well  as  in  human  suffering,  are 
appalling. 

By  the  provisions  of  the  Revenue  Bill  of  1918,  now  on  its  way 
through  Congress,  it  devolves  upon  the  Commissioner  of  Inter- 
nal Revenue  to  collect  within  the  present  fiscal  year  the  colossal 
sum  of  more  than  eight  billions  of  dollars.  Never  was  there  call 
for  such  a  payment  by  a  people  since  the  beginning  of  time. 

In  effect  this  means  fSO  per  capita — an  average  of  $80  from 
every  man,  woman,  and  child  in  the  United  States. 

The  National  wealth  of  America  is  estimated  at  |!250,000,- 
000,000.  This  is  an  estimate  only,  but  it  has  a  fair  foundar 
tiun,  for  the  last  Census  showed  our  National  wealth  to  be 
$187,000,000,000,  and  the  calculated  increment  of  $63,000,- 
000,000  since  that  time,  bringing  the  present  total  up  to 
#250,000,000,000,  is  reasonable,  or  seems  to  be. 

If  the  wealth  of  America  were  distributed  equally,  every  per- 
son would  have  possessions  valued  at  $2,500,  and  out  of  his  or 
her  holdings,  real,  personal,  or  through  profits,  would  contribute 
180  toward  the  sum  the  National  Government  needs  for  its 
normal  and,  by  reason  of  the  war,  abnormal  requirements  this 
^ear.  But  wealth  never  was,  and  probably  never  will  be,  dis- 
tributed equally  on  earth.  The  distribution  in  America  proba- 
bly is  as  uneqiml  as  anywhere  in  the  world.  A  very  small 
Fraction  of  the  population,  1-4626,  or  about  one-fifth  of  one  per 
?ent,  possesses  more  than  one-quarter  of  all  the  wealth.  The 
^ast  majority  of  the  people  hve,  figuratively  if  not  literally, 
Prom  hand  to  mouth.  From  those  who  have  must  be  taken. 
From  those  who  have  much,  more  must  be  taken  proportionately 
khan  from  those  who  have  little.  The  Revenue  Bill  of  1918  there- 
fore has  particular  significance  for  persons  of  very  great  wealth. 

A  .  recent  issue  of  the  "  Financial  Post,"  a  reputable  and 
?j(|iert  financial  journal  published  in  London,  England,  cou- 
sins an  interesting  article  comparing  the  very  wealthy  class 
ii  Great  Britain  with  the  same  class  in  the  United  States. 
'  Commerce  and  Finance,"  of  New  York,  has  summarized  this 
u^icle  as  follows : 

MillionMres  are  more  numerous  in  America  than  they  are  in 
Great  Britain,  but  the  multi-millionaires  of  Great  Britain  are 
more  nuiuerous  than  the  niulti-miUionaires  of  America.  In  other 
words,  the  millions  of  America  are  more  evenly  distributed 
among  the  very  wealthy  as  a  class  than  the  British  millions 
among  the  wealthy  of  Great  Britain,  says  the  "  Financial  Post." 

Onhr  10  people  in  the  United  States  have  as  much  as 
3125,000,000  each,  while  in  Great  Britain  79  people  have  each 
as  much  money.  Nine  citizens  of  the  United  States  have 
§100,000,000  to  $125,000,000  each.  Great  Britain  has  68  of 
equal  wealth.  Only  14  people  in  tlie  United  States  own  amounts 
from  $76,000,0(K)  to  $100,000,000,  but  Great  Britain  has  45  of 
these.  There  are  73  who  own  from  $50,000,000  to  $75,000,000  in 
Britain,  while  the  United  States  has  only  34;  and  Great 
Britain  has  61  people  with  from  $37,500,000  to  $50,000,000, 
while  America  has  of  this  class  only  42. 

But  America  has  97  citizens  owning  from  $25,000,000  to 
$37,500,000,  as  compared  with  Britain's  83  ;  and  of  raiUionaires 
in  general  America  has  22,696,  while  Great  Britain  has  only 
5454. 

The  "  Financial  Post's "  compilation  is  based  presumably 
ipon  the  United  States  income  tax  returns.  At  all  events,  Sec- 
ftary  McAdoo,  in  his  Liberty  Loan  address  at  the  Metropoli- 
an Opera  House  on  September  27,  put  the  number  of  great 
vr|>orations  and  "  men  and  women  in  America  of  large  means  " 
vho  subscribed  to  the  Third  Liberty  Loan  at  22,500.  If  these 
igures  are  correct,  or  approximately  correct,  they  indicate  that 
here  is  in  the  United  States  a  larger  proportion  of  persous  of 
;reat  wealth  to  the  population  than  in  any  other  country  in  the 
rijrld. 

But  the  Government,  while  it  endeavors  to  assess  the  posses- 
on  of  wealth  at  an  increasingly  heavy  rate  in  proportion  to 
hfir  riches,  also  aims  to  distribute  the  burden  over  every  grade 


of  the  population.  There  are  but  few  who  can  escape  the  tax 
directly  or  indirectly.  There  is  a  tax  on  the  cigarette,  on  the 
cigar,  on  the  tobacco  you  smoke,  a  tax  on  your  license  to  do 
business,  a  tax  on  the  privilege  of  going  to  theater  or  motion- 
picture  show,  on  the  table  on  which  you  play  billiards  or  pool. 
There  is  a  special  tax  on  you  if  you  are  a  broker.  There  is  a  tax 
on  your  telegrams,  on  your  telephone,  the  automobile  you  own, 
the  jewels  you  wear,  the  seat  you  buy  in  the  IVillman,  the  berth 
you  occupy  on  the  ship  in  which  you  sail,  the  freight  you  send 
over  the  railway,  the  express  package  you  receive,  the  oil  that 
comes  through  the  pipe  hne,  the  insurance  you  buy,  the  dues  you 
pay  to  the  club,  the  salary  you  receive  if  above  a  certain  amount, 
the  profits  you  make  in  your  business,  the  whisky  or  beer  or  near- 
beer  you  drink,  the  ice-cream  so<la  or  "  soft  drink  "  you  buy, 
the  candy  you  eat,  the  perfume  you  use,  the  ^^asoline  with  which 
you  drive  your  car,  the  goods  you  get  by  mad  order,  the  motor- 
cycle you  ride  or  which  anno3rs  you  by  its  horrid  noise,  the  alley 
on  which  you  bowl  and  occasionally  make  a  "strike"  or  a 
"  spare,"  the  yacht  of  the  rich  man,  the  canoe  or  sailboat  of  the 
man  of  modest  means,  the  bus  in  which  you  ride,  etc.,  etc. 

To  appreciate  what  the  Internal  Revenue  Bureau  has  become 
as  a  tax-gathering  organization  it  is  necessary  only  to  look  at 
the  returns  in  norm^  times  compared  with  what  they  were  in 
the  last  fiscal  year  and  what  they  are  luider  war  conditions  : 

fear.  CoUeoliona. 

1900- $293,327,927 

1915 415,67.5,052 

1916-17 809,393,641 

1917-18 ^ 3,694,703,334 

1918-19  (estimated) 8482,492,000 

All  taxation  is  burdensome.  War  taxes  have  terrors  for  us 
because  they  are  so  heavy  ;  but,  no  matter  how  heavy,  they  must 
be  met.  The  law  imposes  upon  every  citizen  an  obligation  that 
he  must  meet  honorably,  faithfiUly,  and  patriotically,  or  he  will 
be  imtrue  to  his  country  and  the  millions  of  brave  men  who  are 
fighting  to  preserve  the  country  and  safeguard  the  lives,  the 
liberties,  and  the  possessions  of  those  who  are  called  upon  to  pay 
the  tax. 

The  tax  is  but  insurance,  an  insurance  never  more  necessary 
to  pay  than  to-day  when  the  mightiest  confl^ration  in  history 
rages  over  much  of  Europe  and  a  considerable  part  of  Asia,  aiitl 
the  sparks  from  which  flare  out  and  spread  destruction  over  the 
broad  waters  of  the  seas. 

The  more  than  $8,000,000,000  in  money  that  it  becomes  the 
duty  of  the  Commissioner  of  Internal  Revenue  to  collect  only 
b^ms  to  meet  our  money  needs  for  war.  There  must  be  other 
biuions  collected  through  Liberty  Loons  and  through  War 
Savings  Stamps  to  pay  our  immediate  war  bills  and  to  finance 
those  of  our  allies  who  need  our  financial  as  well  as  military 
assistance,  and  who  must  have  it. 

The  $8,000,000,000  or  more  to  be  collected  by  the  Internal 
Revenue  Bureau,  however,  is  a  tax.  It  is  an  assessment  from 
which  we  get  no  return  except  in  the  safety  it  insures  to  iw. 
The  money  we  put  into  Liberty  Bonds  and  War  Savings 
Stamps  and  Certificates  is  insurance  of  another  and  more 
pleasmg  though  equally  necessary  character. 

It  is  insurance  unique  in  that  it  returns,  not  only  principal, 
but  interest  at  a  rate  that  is  high,  very  high  for  the  prime 
security  of  the  world.  .  ' 

In  the  Liberty  Bond  there  is  an  appeal  to  the  patriotic  im- 

Kulse  that  stirs  every  one.  A  man  gives  his  money  and  feels 
etter  for  the  giving.  He  is  proud  of  what  he  has  done,  eager 
to  have  others  do  likewise,  willing  to  let  every  one  know  how 
well  he  has  playe<l  his  part,  in  hoi)e,  no  doubt,  that  others  will 
be  stirnnl  by  his  gcMxl  example,  and  perhaps  l>ecause  in  each 
human  atom  there  is  a  little  or  much  of  that  quality  we  may 
term  self-appre<-iation,  or,  if  we  choose,  vanity. 

But  there  is  no  such  glow  to  the  money  we  subscribe  to  the 
Nation's  cause  in  the  form  of  tax.  However  honest,  however 
faithful,  we  feel  reluctant  to  give  to  the  country  through  the 

Digitized  by  y<jyjs<J^\^ 


292 


THE   OUTLOOK 


23  October 


tax-gatherer  that  which  we  supply  with  pride  in  response  to  the 
bond  appeal. 

Some  one  has  said  that  the  worst  thing  about  Texas  is  that 
it  has  the  same  letters  as  taxes.  80  far  as  taxes  are  concerned 
everybody  is  against  the  Government.  There  never  will  be  an 
approximation  to  the  ideal  in  government  until  some  genius 
devises  a  system  of  government  in  which  everything  will  be  as 
every  one  desires  it  to  be  and  there  will  be  no  biUs  to  pay  and 
no  such  unpleasant  pei-sous  a.s  tax-gatherers  with  whom  to  deal. 

But  that  day  has  not  arrived  and  is  not  approaching;.  In  its 
stead  we  have  the  specter  presented  of  one  man  down  m  Wash- 
ington clothed  by  Congress  with  authority  to  draw  from  our 
coUective  purse  more  than  eight  billions  of  dollars.  The  human 
mind  can  hardly  grasp  the  magnitude  of  such  a  sum.  A  person 
who  looked  at  the  firat  annual  report  of  the  United  States  Steel 
Corporation  gasped  and  remarked,  "  What  a  country  we  have 
become !  What  a  monster  organization  this  man  Morgan  has 
devised !  Why,  this  company's  statement  is  like  the  balance- 
sheet  of  an  empire !" 

A  grandiose  remark,  perhaps,  yet  not  so  far  from  correct  as 
to  lack  warrant.  What  adjectives  would  that  person  employ  in 
giving  expression  to  his  feelings  upon  looking  over  the  balance- 
sheet  of  the  Commissioner  of  Internal  Revenue  at  the  end  of 
this  fiscal  year  ? 

Not  many  years  ago  the  country  was  deeply  stirred  by  the 
realization  that  its  Governmental  expense  bill  for  twelve  months, 
provision  to  meet  which  had  to  be  made  by  increase  in  taxes, 
amounted  to  a  billion  dollars.  T(Klay  to  the  head  of  ^one  of  the 
bureaus  of  one  department  the  task  is  allotted  of^  collecting 
more  than  eight  billions  by  taxation. 

Daniel  C.  Koper,  Commissioner  of  Internal  Revenue,  the  man 
upon  whom  this  duty  devolves,  deserves  the  title  of  Tax-Gratherer 
Extraordinary.  He  must  bring  to  the  Treasury  a  treasure  in 
money  equal  to  the  assessed  valuation  of  all  the  real  estate  in 
the  city  of  New  York,  a  city  of  5,700,000  inhabitants.  If  you 
can  visualize  what  all  the  land  and  all  the  buildings  of  the 
imperial  human  hive  we  call  New  York  represent  in  money, 
you  can  appreciate  the  golden  flood  he  must  direct  into  the 
purse  of  Uncle  Sam  withm  the  fiscal  year. 

He  must  know  the  wealth  possessed  by  every  person  who 
possesses  wealth  and  what  portion  of  it  must  come  to  the  Gov- 
ernment by  reason  of  the  Revenue  Act.  He  must  know  the 
condition  of  every  business  firm,  every  company,  every  corpora- 
tion, and  get  from  it  the  proportion  of  its  earnings  legitimately 
due  to  the  Government.  He  must  know  the  income  of  every 
individual,  big  and  little,  who  comes  within  the  provisions  of 
the  Act  and  assess  him  or  her  according  to  the  law's  require- 
ments. He  must  search  the  highways  and  the  byways  and  bring 
into  the  Government's  vaults  n-om  a  thousand  thousand  sources 
the  revenue  that  the  law  directs  must  be  paid  directly  or  indi- 
rectly by  all  classes  and  conditions  of  the  hundred  millions  of 
people  who  make  up  the  Nation. 

W  ho  is  this  man  Roper  upon  whom  this  work  rests,  and  what 
are  his  qualifications  ? 

Daniel  Calhoun  Roper  was  bom  in  Marlboro  County,  South 
Carolina,  April  1,  1867.  He  was  educated  in  Trinity  College, 
North  Carolina.  Few  men  have  had  a  wider  experience  in  the 
public  service.  From  1892  to  1894  he  was  a  member  of  the 
South  Carolina  House  of  Representatives.  Then  he  was  ap- 
pointed Clerk  of  the  United  States  Senate  Committee  on  Inter- 
State  Commerce,  which  position  he  retained  three  years.  Next 
he  was  engaged  as  expert  special  agent  of  the  Census  Bureau. 
He  prepared  the  various  census  reports  on  the  textile  industries 
and  incidentally  devised  and  put  into  operation  the  method  now 
in  vc^fue  of  compiling  statistics  of  cotton  production  through 
the  reports  of  ginning.  For  ten  years  he  was  connected  with 
the  Census  Bureau.  Then  he  was  engaged  as  Statistical  Expert 
for  the  Ways  and  Means  Committee  of  the  House  of  Repre- 
sentatives. In  this  capacity  he  had  much  to  do  with  the  framing 
of  revenue  bills  from  1911  to  1913.  Few  men  know  more  of  the 
ramifications  of  customs  duties.  In  1913  he  was  appointed 
First  Assistant  Postmaster-General.  He  reorganized  the  busi- 
ness methods  in  the  post  offices  throughout  the  country,  was 
instrumental  in  extendmg  the  civil  service  to  postmasters,  and 
put  into  effect  a  model  system  for  the  conduct  of  a  city  post 
office.    In  connection  with  this  model  system  he  sent  a  flying 


squadron  of  experts  over  the  country  to  install  the  system  in 
the  larger  post  offices,  increasing  the  efficiency  of  the  service 
and  reducing  the  excuses  of  operation.  While  thus  occuped 
he  found  time  to  write  a  four-nund red-page  book  upon  "The 
United  States  Post  Office,"  which  is  probably  the  moat  enter- 
taining and  authoritative  work  on  the  subject  that  has  ever 
been  published. 

,  He  next  became  a  United  States  Tariff  Commissioner,  and  as 
Vice-Chairman  of  the  Commission  organized  statistical  investi- 
gations for  gathering  information  regarding  American  indus- 
tries. 

Just  prior  to  the  enactment  of  the  War  Revenue  Bill  of 
October  3,  1917,  he  was  appointed  Commissioner  of  Internal 


DANIEL  CAJ.H0UN   ROPSR 
UNITBO  STATES  COMMISSIONER  OF  ISTERNAI.  REVENUE 

Revenue.  This  law  transformed  the  Bureau  from  a  minor 
agency  into  one  of  the  most  important  branches  of  the  Govern- 
ment service,  imposing  upon  it  the  task  of  collecting  in  the  on« 
year  1917-18  more  than  three  times  the  entire  annnal  reve- 
nues of  the  United  States  Government  prior  to  the  war.  Now 
for  the  present  fiscal  year  it  is  necessary  for  the  Bureau  to  <y>l- 
lect  nearly  eight  times  what  the  revenue  of  the  Govemmeot 
was  prior  to  the  war. 

Mr.  Koper  had  a  man-size  job.  He  went  at  it  with  full  reali^ 
zation  of  its  magnitude.  He  reorg^anized  tlie  Bureau  from  top 
to  bottom.  Leaders  of  business,  accoimtants,  lawyers,  econo- 
mists, and  tax  experts  from  all  parts  of  the  country  were 
invited  to  Washington  for  consultation  and  advice.  The  aid  oi 
commercial  bodies,  newspapers,  bankers,  credit  men,  oertifieil 

{mblic  accountants,  editors,  and  many  other  agencies  was  ea- 
isted  to  simplify  methods  and  assist  taxpayers  in  the  prepai*^ 
tion  of  their  returns.  An  atlvisory  board  was  created,  ccmsist- 
ing  of  business  leaders  and  tax  experts,  to  assist  in  the  int^r 
pretation  and  application  of  the  law.  Then  Mr.  Roper  provided 
an  elastic  organization  capable  of  any  expansion  necessary  ti> 
meet  the  needs  of  the  service.  From  every  collector  he  exacte<i 
a  pledge  to  devote  his  entire  time  to  his  revenue  duties  or 
resign.  This  pledge  he  is  rigidly  enforcing.  In  every  way  pos- 
sible he  has  endeavored  to  make  people  appreciate  the  irai 
the  Bureau  must  do  to  support  the  Government  in  its  war 
programme  and  how  much  the  public  can  aid  through  co-opei> 
tion. 

Most  statisticians  are  cold-blooded.  Mr.  Roper  is  an  exce(» 
tion.  He  doesn't  talk  or  act  like  the  typical  man  whose  favoritr 

Digitized  by  VJ\^»^V  IV^ 


1918 


THE   OUTLOOK 


293 


delicacy  is  a  nerve-trying  tabulation.  He  is  noted  for  his 
geniality  and  patience.  He  hasn't  lost  any  of  his  early  enthnsl- 
asm,  and  has  the  &culty  of  inspiring  his  subordinates  and  those 
around  him  with  much  of  his  own  fervid  energy. 

The  war  to  him  is  a  religion.  Three  of  his  sons  are  in  the 
service.  A  fourth  is  preparing.  He  has  no  sympathy  for  slack- 
ers, military  or  financial.  He  realizes  to  the  full  the  immensity 
of  his  task  and  he  grows  with  it.  Like  a  good  general,  he  plans 
bis  campai^  and  uien  leaves  the  carrying  out  of  the  details  to 
his  snbordmates.  Meanwhile  he  keeps  watch  on  every  branch 
of  his  oi^anization. 

In  the  fiscal  year  1917-18  the  Bureau  collected  jt8,694J03,. 
384.06.  The  cost  of  collecting  was  approximately  $11,976,000, 
which  means  $3.24  per  $1,000,  or  less  than  oue-third  of  one  per 
cent.  This  is  the  lowest  in  the  history  of  the  Bureau. 

If  the  collection  of  the  $8,182,492,000  of  the  present  fiscal 
year  should  cost  the  same  amoimt  proportionately,  the  bill 
would  be  $26,611,274.  But  in  all  probability  it  will  be  very 
nmch  less.  The  machinery  of  collection  has  been  improved  and 
the  work  has  been  simplified  in  every  possible  way.  The  lai^r 
the  volume  of  collections,  the  smaUer  the  percentage  of  cost 
should  be  in  the  natural  course  of  business. 

The  income  and  excess  profits  revenue  returns  of  various 
States  for  1918  show  some  remarkable  variations.  While  all 
States  had  pronounced  increases,  the  gains  in  some  were  out  of 
nil  proportion  to  those  in  others. 

The  smallest  increase  was  in  Utah,  where  $1,330,000  was  col- 
lected in  1917,  and  only  $2,606,000  in  1918.  West  Vir^ia 
showed  the  laigest  gain,  the  collections  in  1918  being  23.7  times 
Hs  great  as  in  1917,  the  actual  increase  being  from  $1,921,000 
to  $46,649,000. 

The  five  States  reporting  the  largest  collections  were  New 
York,  Pennsylvania,  Illinois,  Ohio,  and  Massachusetts  in  the 
order  named.  These  five  States  in  1918  returned  $1,868,371,000, 
or  66.8  per  cent  of  the  total  collections  for  the  United  States. 
In  1917  the  same  five  States  reported  66  per  cent  of  the  total 
collections,  almost  exactly  the  same  proportion  as  in  1918.  New 
York,  which  showed  36.6  per  cent  of  the  total  collections  for  the 
oountiy  in  1917,  reported  only  24.3  per  cent  in  1918. 

Compared  with  a  gain  of  7.9  times  for  the  entire  country,  thia 
foUectious  in  New  York  for  1918  were  only  6.3  times  as  great 
as  in  1917.  Pennsylvania  collected  11.8  times  as  much  in  1918 
as  in  1917,  or  17.6  per  cent  of  the  total  for  the  country  in  1918, 
a.s  agunst  11.7  per  cent  in  1917.  Illinois  showed  a  gam  of  10.6 
times,  Oliio  11  times,  and  Massachusetts  8.2  times  over  the 
figures  of  1917. 

The  large  increase  in  the  total  for  Pennsylvania,  Illinois, 
Massachusetts,  and  Ohio  may  be  ascribed  to  the  increased  pros- 
perity of  the  concerns  in  those  States  engaged  in  producing  war 
material. 

Some  remarkable  differences  are  shown  for  States  where 
similar  conditions  are  8uppose<l  to  prevail.  Oklahoma,  for  exam- 
ple, collecte<l  but  2.8  times  as  much  tax  in  1918  as  in  1917,  whUe 
Kansas  returned  8.8  times  as  much.  The  Southern  States,  with 
one  or  two  exceptions,  show  gains  that  exceetl  the  average  for 
the  country  as  a  whole. 

]Many  persons  thought  the  taxation  of  1917-18  was  heavy. 
They  groantnl  when  they  figured  what  they  had  to  pay  directly 
in  individual  income  tax,  in  excens  profits  tax,  in  surtax.  Many 
felt  peevish  when  they  had  to  i>ay  directly  or  indirectly  the 
minor  assessments  that  come  in  so  many  ways. 

The  tax  is  heavier  for  the  current  fiscal  year  in  every  item 
Init  snuff.  Why  less  revenue  is  to  be  derived  from  the  use  of 
Hnuff  is  not  explained. 

On  some  items,  particularly  beverages  and  excess  profits, 
the  increase  in  the  tax  is  very  great.  In  other  items,  particu- 
larly automobiles  and  gasoline,  the  tax  is  new. 

At  the  top  of  the  next  column  are  shown  the  items  of  1918 
«n<l  of  1919,  in  parallel  columns. 

Xo  roan  in  America,  tierhaps,  has  a  bige^  job  to-day  than 
tlu*  Commissioner  of  Internal  Revenue.  The  public  is  only 
liejpnning  to  grasp  the  degree  iii  which  his  functions  have  been 
4-xt«nde4l.  He  is  the  Nation's  treasure  hunter.  And  what  a 
inighW  himter  he  must  prove  himself  to  be  when  in  this  fiscal 
Xfiur  he  must  bring  home  in  his  bag  to  Uncle  Sam  a  golden 
tribute  of  $8,182,494,000! 


riacal  ymr  «ud-  For  IS-month  p»- 

ing  June  30,  llljg  ritxl  uuder iww  biU 
Inoorae  Tax : 

Individoal j!930,000.000  *l,4«2,tH6,000 

Corporation :  628,300,000  894,OOO.IK)0 

Exc88»-pr(rfJu  tax 1,791,000,000  3,200,000,(«W 

Eatatetax 47.433,000  110,000,000 

Transportation : 

FraiKfat 30,000,000  73,000,000 

Express 6,4,'.9,000  20,000,001) 

Persons 24,306,000  80,000,000 

Oil  by  pipe  lines 1,43:«,000  4,530,000 

Seats  and  berths 2,237,000  8,000,000 

Telegraph  ant  telephone 6,290,000  16,000,000 

insurance 6,492,000  12,000,000 

Admissions 28,357,000  100,000,000 

Onbdnes 2,239,000  9,000,000 

Eixcise  taxes : 

Automobiles,  eto 23,981,000  123.7.%.0I)0 

Jewelry,  sporting  goods,  eto 13,000,000  80,000,000 

Other  taxes  on  luxuries  at  10  per  cent .. .  88,760,000 

Other  taxes  on  luxuries  at  20  per  cent . . .  184,793,000 

Gasoline 40,000,000 

Yachts  and  pleasure  boots 1,000,000 

Beverages 300,000,000  1,137,600,000 

Stamp  taxes 18,815,000  32,000,000 

Tobacco : 

Cigars 30,909.000  61,364,000 

Cigarettes 66,000,000  166,340,000 

Tobacco 48,000,000  104,000,000 

Snuff,  etc 10,000,000  9,100,000 

Fkper  and  tubes 325,000  1,600,000 

Special  taxes : 

Capital  stock 24,996,000  70,000,000 

Brokers 333,000  1,766,000 

Theaten,  eto 865,000  "     2,143,000 

UiSl  order  sales 6,000,000 

Bowling  aUeys,  billiard  and  pool  tables. .  1,086,000  2,200,000 

Shooting  galleries 400,000 

Riding  academies 60,000 

BuBneas  license  tax 10,000,000 

Manufacturers  of  tobacco )  60,000 

Mannfaotnren  of  cigars V  538,000  850,000 

Manufacturers  of  cigarettes )  240,000 

Use  of  antomolnles  and  motoreycles. . . .   72,980,000 

Total $3,941,663,000  $8,182,492,000 

The  income  tax  is  based  on  total  individual  income  (taxable)  of  97,400,000,000 
The  corporation  excess  profit*  and  income  tax  is  baaed  on  net 

income  of $  1 0,000,000,000 


Few  persons  can  grasp  the  meaning  of  such  an  amount  on 
money.  To  most  mortals  anything  above  a  million  dollars  is  i ! 
the  rarefied  atmosphere  of  high  finance.  But  eight  billionsf 
That  represents  one-third  of  aU  the  wealth  of  the  Kingdom  of 
Italy  or  the  Austro-Hungarian  Empire  before  the  war. 

Congress  has  vested  the  Commissioner  with  power  to  collect 
the  greatest,  by  far  the  greatest,  tax  levy  in  all  the  world's 
history.  Every  dollar  due  under  the  law  is  requisite  to  con- 
tinued National  existence.  At  the  same  time  the  necessity 
of  retarding  or  disturbing  as  little  as  possible  the  economic 
forces  and  operations  of  production  and  distribution  never  was 
so  imperative  as  at  present. 

The  policy  Is  to  collect  from  every  citizen  the  full  amount 
that  Congress  has  determined  to  lie  his  just  contribution  to  the 
Nation's  neeil  with  the  least  possible  inconvenience  to  the  indi- 
vidual and  the  least  possible  disturbance  to  commerce  and 
industry.  Any  other  programme  of  adrainistriitiou  would  injure 
our  cau.se  and  work  for  the  benefit  of  the  forces  against  which 
America  is  at  war. 

It  is  essential  to  the  success  of  the  Commissioner  that  the  tax- 
payer should  l>e  able  to  obtain  accurate  information  as  to  the 
amount  of  tax  due  by  him,  and  the  time  and  place  and  method 
provided  for  its  rendition  and  payment. 

This  is  indispensable  because  the  law  puts  upon  the  taxpayer 
the  burden  of  making  the  returns  upon  which  his  tax  is  measured. 

Each  class  of  tax)tayer8  must  1>e  treated  with  intelligpnt 
regard  for  the  circumstances  by  which  it  is  effected  or  by  which, 
its  business  or  vot^tions  are  affected.  Doubts  as  to  the  construc- 
tion of  the  law  must  be  reraove«l  so  far  as  possible,  to  the  end 
that  all  the  people  will  be  willing  to  aid  in  the  scrupulous  pay- 
ment of  what  is  their  due. 

Money,  material,  and  men  are  essential  to  the  winning  of  tlie 
war. 

Long  ago  in  the  Parliament  of  Great  Britain  in   th*  ilny  of 

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23  October 


Disraeli  there  was  a  jingle  quoted  which  went  somewhat  as 

follows : 

«  We  don't  want  to  fight, 
But,  by  jingo,  if  we  do, 
We  have  the  men,  we  have  the  ships, 
We  have  the  money  too !" 

Men  are  mighty  in  war.  So  are  the  materials  with  which  we 
equip  the  fighting  man.  But  men  cannot  be  maintained  or  ma- 
terial obtained  without  money. 

The  tax-gatherer  is  the  dnll-master,  the  captain,  the  recruit- 


ing sergeant  of  the  army  of  money,  the  army  that  is  back  at 
the  Army  at  the  front. 

Napoleon,  Wellington,  Grant,  Lee,  Moltke,  Hindenburg, 
Haig,  Foch,  Ludendorff  have  marshaled  mighty  armies — armies 
of  tens  of  thousands,  hundreds  of  thousands,  millions  of  men. 

But  here  comes  a  man  who  is  to  marshal  to  battle  eight  billions 
of  dollars  to  fight  and  to  win  the  great  battle  of  democracy. 

We  have  the  billions.  The  need  is  to  go  out  in  the  vast 
stretches  of  America  and  eet  them. 

As  a  go-getter  Daniel  C.  Roper  is  a  wonder ! 


This  article  will  be  followed  by  another  dealing  with  the  police  powers  with  which  the  Commissioner  of  Internal 

Revenue  is  now  vested  for  the  suppression  of  the  traffic  in  illicitly  distilled  Uqnor  mul  the  utilieensed 

sale  of  drugs  and  "  d^>e  "for  criminal  or  illegal  purposes. — THE  EDITORS. 


SOLDIERS  OF  RESCUE 

BY  FRANCIS   LYNDE       * 


"-^^URE,  Mike!  I  was  looking  for  a  soft  snap  and  a  safe 

^^  job ;  ye'd  know  that  in  a  holy  minut'  after  ye'd  been 

k_y  readin'  the  way  thim  Huns  put  blank  cartridges  in 

their  guns  and  bnmbs  whin  they  see  tne  markin's  av  the  Red 

Cross!" 

We  had  been  keeping  open  house  for  the  men  in  khaki — any 
of  them  who  chose  to  come — and  the  speaker,  a  good-looking, 
brawny  yoimg  fellow,  with  a  mellow  Irish  brogue  on  his  tongue 
and  the  caduoeus  of  the  Medical  Corps  on  his  collar,  was  one 
of  our  guests.  Somebody  had  asked  him,  jestingly  of  course,  if 
he  had  chosen  the  Medical  Corps  for  safety's  sake,  and  the 
sarcastic  reply  was  given  with  a  good-natured  grin. 

"  If  ye  want  to  know,  I'll  tell  ye  why  I'm  in  the  Medics,"  he 
went  on.  "  Somebody's  got  to  do  the  cl'anin'-up  jobs  in  this 
man's  ar-rmy,  and  I  took  the  wan  I  liked  the  least,  thinkin' 
there'd  be  other  felleys  that  liked  it  even  worse  than  I  did — 


see 


?» 


He  had  stated  the  case  for  himself  and  a  good  many  others, 
this  frank  young  Irishman  from  a  Middle  Western  city.  A  poll 
of  the  enlisted  men  in  any  Medical  Corps  training  camp  would 
prove  that  very  few  of  the  rank  and  file,  volunteers  or  selected 
men,  are  there  because  they  are  trying  to  dodge  the  hazards  of 
the  firing  trench.  It  is  really  a  fine  grade  of  patriotism  and 
self-restraint  that  leads  a  man  to  choose  the  medical  service. 
Most  red-blooded  yoimg  men  are  eager  to  get  into  the  thick  of 
the  fight  as  participants ;  to  take  the  hard  knocks  as  they  come 
and  to  hand  them  oack.  But  the  soldier  of  rescue  cannot  do 
that.  He  knows,  and  knew  before  he  went  in,  that  there  is  not 
only  no  safe  place  on  the  modem  battlefield  or  anywhere  in  its 
vicinity,  but  also  that  the  work  of  a  stretcher-bearer,  an  ambu- 
lance driver,  or  a  hospital  attendant  is  quite  as  likely  to  get  him 
killed  as  is  that  of  the  man  with  a  gun — with  the  added  disad- 
vantage that,  save  in  defending  himself  from  "  marauders,"  he 
wiU  never  have  a  chance  to  hit  back. 

It  is  with  the  idea  of  giving  this  self-effacing  enlisted  man 
some  measure  of  his  due  that  this  is  written.  Much  has  been 
said — and  too  much  can  scarcely  be  said — about  the  devotion 
and  self-sacrifice  of  the  doctor-officer  who  has  given  up  his  home 
practice,  and  the  work  of  laborious  years  in  establishing  it,  in 
exchange  for  a  bare  living  in  the  Army ;  but  little  has  been 
printed  about  the  Medical  Corps'  rank  and  file,  its  training,  its 
duties  in  camp  and  field,  its  tremendous  growth  under  the 
stimulus  of  the  war  call. 

To  b^fin  with  the  growth.  In  one  camp,  which  for  military 
reasons  need  not  be  specifically  named,  the  Medical  Corps'  per- 
sonnel runs  into  the  tens  of  thousands.  Units  have  been  ex- 
panded, subdivided,  and  expanded  again.  An  organization  fitted 
to  take  over  the  rescue  work  of  the  army  of  5,000,000  men  to 
which  we  may  presently  attain  is  building  upon  widespread 
and  solid  foundations.  Every  department  is  planned  with  an 
eye  to  future  enlargement,  and  the  training  is  army-sized  in  all 
ite  varied  dimensions  and  essentials. 

To  the  uninitiated  visitor  the  outward  aspect  of  a  Medical 
Corps  camp  is  not  unlike  that  of  any  of  the  great  cantonment 


cities :  barracks  in  rows  and  groups,  drill  fields  and  parade- 
groimds,  the  usual  scattering  of  "  x  "  buildings  and  K..  of  C 
centers,  the  segregation  of  the  various  training  activities,  men 
in  khaki  everywhere. 

But  a  closer  view  begins  to  reveal  the  distinguishing  differ- 
ences. A  group  of  the  larger  buildings  turns  out  to  be  the  base 
hospital  and  its  many  outlying  wards ;  another  group  of  still 
bigger  structures  is  pointed  out  as  convalescent  and  reconstruo 
tion  hospitals ;  a  small  city  of  one-storied  barracks  is  the  train- 
ing home  of  the  motor  unit;  another,  the  quarters  of  the 
M:  O.  T.  C.  (Medical  Officers'  Trabing  Camp).  AJso,  in  a 
space  apart,  with  its  boundaries  plainly  marked,  is  the  detention 
area  common  to  all  the  training  cantonments,  the  camp  wbere 
the  newcomers  are  isolated  and  held  "  under  observation  "  as  a 
precaution  against  the  spread  of  imported  contagious  diseases. 

And  just  here  a  word  about  this  detention  camp,  which  figures 
in  the  imagination  of  many  recruits  as  something  to  be  dreaded 
With  the  single  exception  that  the  men  are  not  permitted  to  go 
beyond  its  boundaries  for  a  period  pf  two  weeks,  or  until  they 
are  "  passed "  and  placed  in  their  pro^r  units,  there  are  no 
hardships  whatever.  The  camp  routine  is  not  severe,  the  food  ia 
excellent,  the  drills  are  light,  there  are  ba^ball  diamonds,  the 
Y.  M.  C.  A.,  and  an  outdoor  auditorium  in  which  first-class 
entertainments  are  given  every  evening  when  the  weather  per- 
mits. I  spent  three  days  recentiy  in  one  of  these  camps,  and  a 
jollier,  happier  lot  of  men  it  has  never  been  my  good  fortune  to 
meet.  "  Fine !  Better  than  anything  I  ever  imagined  the  Army 
could  be!"  was  the  answer  of  scores  of  the  new  men  whom 
I  questioned  as  to  the  way  the  camp  life  was  appealing  to 
them. 

At  the  moment  of  his  entrance  into  the  service  the  enlisted 
man  becomes  the  object  of  scientific  solicitude,  not  only  for  his 
own  protection,  but  for  that  of  the  entire  cantonment.  First 
come  the  physical  and  dental  examinations,  supplemental  to 
those  made  by  the  home  physician  and  far  more  searching.  In 
the  Medical  Corjps,  as  in  the  other  arms  of  the  service/Unde 
Sam  is  looking  ior  assets  and  not  for  liabilities.  Men  who  have 
passed  the  home  examinations  without  the  quiver  of  an  eyelash 
often  come  in  for  the  shock  of  their  lives  when  they  are  over- 
hauled by  the  keen-witted  camp  specialists. 

An  hour  spent  with  the  examiners  is  full  of  the  meat  of 
human  interest.  One  handsome  young  fellow,  rising  six  feet  in 
stature,  built  in  proportion,  and  apparently  the  picture  of 
aboimding  health,  came  in  his  turn  to  the  heart  specialists. 
Valvular  lesion  was  the  verdict,  and  the  young  giant  looked  as 
if  he  had  been  given  a  blow  in  the  face. 

"  Whjr,  doctor — major,  I  mean — I'm  not  sick  I"  he  gasped. 
"  There  bn't  anything  the  matter  with  me  ;  there  can't  Del" 

The  examiner  shook  his  head.  "  Sorry,  my  boy,  but  the  fiirt 
remains."  And  the  fatal  finding,  which  was  only  too  true,  was 
set  down  in  the  report ;  and  the  boy  went  home. 

Another,  a  fine-looking  young  Westerner,  was  up  for  a  bac- 
teriological test.  Again  there  was  crude  shock  and  surprise 
when  he  was  told  that  he  was  at  the  beginning  of  the  descend- 


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THE   OUTLOOK 


29S 


Dg  road  ot  the  consumptive.  This  young  man  was  given,  an  are 
ithers  in  his  condition,  a  elioice  of  alternatives.  He  coiUd  take 
k  course  of  hospital  treatment  covering  three  or  four  montlia, 
rith  the  probability  of  a  complete  ciire,  or  be  could  be  releasee! 
roni  the  serviee  and  go  home.  Unfortunately,  one  cannot  help 
biiiiung,  he  took  his  discharge  and  left  the  camp.  Having  no 
ymptoma  that  he  can  recognize,  he  is  doubtless  unconvinced  of 
is  (langer ;  and  when  ultimately  the  symptoms  apixtar  it  will 
e  too  late. 

From  the  medical  examiners  the  recruit  goes  to  the  peycholo- 
ists.  Any  adequate  description  of  the  work  of  this  latest  de- 
artniental  addition  to  the  efficiency  machinery  of  the  Medical 
'or])s  would  require  the  space  of  an  entire  article.  The  tests 
pplied  are  fascmatingly  interesting.  Briefly,  it  is  the  purpose, 
ie  conscientious  purpose,  of  the  new  army  to  fit  every  man 
ito  the  place  where  he  will  be  of  the  greatest  possible  service, 
b  ascertain  his  fitness  and  mental  capacity  is  the  job  of  the 
4ychological  section,  and  the  accuracy  of  the  residt  an  borne 
it  by  the  test  of  actual  after-experience  with  the  subject  is 
tirly  astoimding.  Medical  science  is  able  to  measure  the  man's 
bysical  capabilities  to  the  fraction  of  a  heart-beat,  and  modem 
lychology  seems  to  be  able  to  measure  his  mentality  almost  if 
)t  quite  as  inerrantly. 

Passed  by  the  examiners,  and  having  taken  his  fortnight  of 
itentiou,  the  enlisted  man  is  assigned  to  his  unit,  and  his  spe- 
alized  training  begins.  Discipline  being  the  first  requisite  in 
e  soldier  in  any  arm  of  the  service,  formation  drills  come  first. 
U  of  tlie  men  take  these  no  matter  what  ultimate  placing  in 
e  various  activities  of  the  unit  their  schetluling  may  call  for. 
liese  drills  are  the  regular  infantry  formations  and  field  evolu- 
>ns,  given  without  arms — and  without  stint.  Until  a  man  has 
Lmed  to  obey  the  word  of  command,  to  carry  himself  correctly, 

remember  at  all  times  that  he  is  a  cog  in  a  vast  machine 
lieh  must  move  smoothly  and  without  a  hitcn,he  is  lacking  some 
the  qualities  of  a  good  soldier.  So  the  rank  and  file  of  the 
iHlicai  Corps  are  drilled  as  thoroughly  and  painstakingly  as 
it  in  any  other  branch  of  the  service,  and  their  evolutions  in 
i  Held  or  on  the  parade-ground  lack  nothing  but  the  g^ns  to 
itinguish  them  from  the  marchings  and  counter-marchings 
a  wtell-ttained  body  of  infantry. 

Coincident  with  the  field  drills,  the  men  are  given  intensive 
truction  m  the  duties  of  that  part  of  the  unit  to  which  each 
5  is  assigned.  The  stretcher-bearers — "litter-bearers"  you 
mid  say,  if  yon  wish  to  be  meticulously  correct — are  taught 
w  to  lift  a  woimded  man  to  the  stretcher  and  how  to  carry 
u  -with  the  least  discomfort  to  him  and  effort  to  themselves. 
Mt  they  are  taught  the  rudiments  of  first  aid ;  how  one  man 
y  pick  up  and  carry  another  unaided  if  the  stretcher  is  not 
uediately  at  hand ;  how  to  stanch  a  woimd  which  might 
ive  fatal  before  a  "  casualty  "  can  i-each  a  r^mental  or  field 
fwiing  station. 

^lotor  transport  is  now  a  factor  of  great  importance  in  the 
[]  5work  of  the  Medical  (Doi-ps,  and  training  in  this  branch  of 

service  is  emphasized  accordingly.    A  large  proportion  of 

men  in  this  unit  are  ga»«ngine  mechanics.  Special  instruc- 
1  by  experts  in  the  care  and  handling  of  motor  vehicles  is 
en,  and  at  the  conclusion  of  the  course  it  would  have  to  be  a 
tty  bad  smash  which  would  put  the  transport  out  of  com- 
01011  or  even  delay  its  movements  beyond  a  period  of  skillful 
[1  repairs. 

>inii£ar  training  is  given  to  the  members  of  the  Motor  Ato- 
AXice  unit.  Though  the  motor  ambulance  driver  is  a  chauffeur 

i^^vellence,  3rielmng  the  palm  only  to  the  drivers  of  staff 

I  in    that   paradoxical   reckless    carefulness    which   skates 

II  the  thin  ice  of  disaster  but  never  breaks  through,  other 
ijliers  of  the  unit  are  also  trained  in  the  handling  of 
vehicles,  so  that  a  substitute  is  always  at  hand  in  case  of 
1. 

[fiMpttal  attendants  get  Iheir  training  in  the  camp  hospitals 
«'r  the  direction  of  the  best  surgeons  and  physicians  the 
ioti  can  supply.  Since  a  Medical  Corps  camp  b  often  a 
i-iiig-house  for  other  arms  of  the  service,  there  is  no  Itu'k 
•iuujects."  True,  the  wound  cases  are  rare,  but  the  lack  of 
11  is  supplied  by  lectures.  Just  here  we  may  note  a  fact  for 
:-li  the  enlisted  man  in  any  branch  of  the  service  may  well 
tliAokful,  and  for  which  his  relatives  at  home  should  be 


tliaukfid.  If  he  fall  ill,  he  will  be  given,  free  of  all  chai^,  the 
services  of  the  best  specialists  the  Nation  affords — men  whose 
consultation  and  operating  fee  in  civil  life  would  put  them  out 
of  reach  for  the  person  of  moderate  means  and  livmg  at  a  dis- 
tance. 

But  to  return  to  the  training.  Modem  medical  science,  army 
or  otherwise,  now  includes  the  entire  field  of  sanitation.  Hence 
there  is  a  sanitary  department  in  the  me<lical  camp,  with  spe- 
cialists at  the  head  of  each  of  its  divisions  and  a  carefully 
drilled  rank  and  file  to  carry  out  their  orders.  In  happy  contra- 
distinction to  the  camps  of  the  past,  tlie  present-day  canton- 
ment is  about  the  healthiest  place  in  the  world.  Visiting  one 
of  the  largest  of  these  camps  in  point  of  numbers  not  long 
since,  I  was  assured  that  there  was  not  a  single  existent  case 
of  typhoid  among  all  its  thousands  ;  that  when  disease  of  any 
sort  appears  it  is  a  ten-to-oue  shot  that  it  has  been  brought  in 
from  civil  life  by  the  recruits  themselves,  and  that,  having  thus 
got  in,  it  is  not  allowed  to  stay. 

With  the  purely  medical  prophylactic  methods,  the  inocula- 
tions which,  if  they  had  been  better  known  or  more  universally 
used  in  the  Spanish- American  War,  would  have  eliminated  the 
terrible  typhoid  toll  of  fourteen  lives  lost  to  the  fever  to  every 
one  lost  by  bullets,  this  article  nee<l  not  concern  itself.  But 
prophylaxis  nowadays  has  many  ramifications.  Camp  cleanli- 
ness taught  line  upon  line  to  the  enlisted  mafa  has  much  to  do 
with  a  death  rate  which  is,  in  most  instances,  far  below  that 
of  a  city  holding  an  equal  number  of  inhabitants.  To  the  men 
of  the  sanitary  squads  is  owing  the  cleanly  immaculacy  of  the 
up-to-date  camp.  They  may  not  pick  up  all  the  burnt  match- 
ends  and  cigarette-8tut«,  but  they  see  to  it  that  they  are  picked 
up. 

Garbage  disposal  also  comes  within  the  purview  of  the  sani- 
tary unit ;  the  camp  refuse  is  either  incinerated  or  sold,  to  be 
carried  away  immediately  ;  and  in  the  laboratories  high-grade 
specialists — enlisted  men,  many  of  them — -make  frequent  tests 
of  the  water  supply,  microscopic  analyses  of  the  sewage  effluent, 
food  tests,  tests  for  anjrthing  and  everytliLng  that  can  possibly 
affect  the  health  of  the  camp  city.  Insect  destruction  and  pre- 
vention also  fall  within  the  province  of  the  Sanitary  Dei)art- 
ment.  Under  its  direction,  and  often  by  its  own  personnel, 
swamps  are  drained,  mosquito-breeding  pools  are  oileo,  and  the 
animal  quarters  are  kept  free  from  fiy-incubating  nuisances.  In 
some  of  the  camps  this  campaign  of  cleanliness  conducted  by  the 
sanitary  contingent  is  maile  so  thorough  that  the  win<'ow- 
screens  in  the  barracks  and  even  in  the  mess-halls  may  be  left 
open.  Indeed,  the  absence  of  flies  ia  one  of  the  things  that  first 
impresses  the  visitor.  Laat  June  it  was  my  good  fortune  to  be  a 
gfuest  in  one  of  these  unscreened  mess-halls. 

"  How  do  you  manage  to  keep  the  place  so  fi-ee  from  flies  ?" 
I  asked  of  the  bright  young  sanitary  sergeant  who  sat  next 
to  me. 

"  That  is  one  of  the  things  we  are  here  for,"  he  countered, 
good-naturedly.  "  The  house-fly,  like  all  the  other  Mtinrl<hi\ 
thrives  only  where  the  bree<1iiig  conditions  are  favorable. 
These  conditions,  either  in  cam]^>8  or  cities,  are  readily  con- 
trollable, as  was  proved  some  years  ago  in  the  city  of ," 

and  he  slid  easily  off  into  a  technical  account  of  a  great  fly 
crusade. 

Later  on  I  shot  a  question  at  the  surgeon-captain  who  had 
given  ine  permission  to  sit  at  mess  with  his  enlisted  men. 

^' Who  is  that  young  sergeant  who  came  out  with  me?"  I 
inquired. 

The  officer  smiled.  "Found  him  rather  interesting,  did 
you?" 

"  I  did,  indeed." 

"  Well,  he  ought  to  be.  We  have  some  pretty  good  timber  iii 
the  ranks  of  this  man's  Army.  That  young  fellow,  for  example, 
took  his  master's  degree  at  one  of  our  greatest  universities — 
and  was  an  honor  man,  at  that." 

I  was  properly  impressed.  "  And  he  is  only  a  sergeant  ?"  1 
venturwl, 

"Why  not?"  was  the  calm  reply.  "As  it  hap)>ens  in  this 
particular  instance,  our  man  has  been  recommendtKl  for  a  i>om- 
mission,  and  he  will  doubtless  get  it.  But  you  will  find  plenty 
of  university  mon  in  the  M.  C.  rank  and  file  who  are  quite  con- 
tent to  remain  as  they  are,  doing  what  they  are  told  to  do  witli 


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THE   OUTLOOK 


splendid  obedience  plus  an  educated  man's  training  and  good 
judgment.  I  needn't  add  that  they  are  the  meat  and  marrow  of 
the  service.  That  says  itself." 

A  training  camp  for  officers  is  one  of  the  many  activities  of 
a  Medical  Corps  cantonment,  and  its  work  is  that  of  fitting  the 
civilian  physician  or  surgeon  into  the  official  niche  in  the  organ- 
ization. Of  field  drill  for  the  medical  officer  there  need  be  little ; 
but  since  he  is  to  take  his  place  as  a  commander  of  men,  and 
must  be  properly  inducted  into  the  Army  scheme  of  things,  there 
is  much  to  be  learned.  Paper  work,  which  in  his  case  is  rather 
more  than  less  voluminous  than  in  the  other  arms  of  the  service, 
Medical  Corps  methods  of  procedure,  military  law,  the  directing 
of  subordinates — all  these  are  taught  in  open-air  schools  when 
the  season  and  weather  permit. 

The  Medical  Corps  units  as  organized  for  field  service  are 
not  large,  as  the  field  units  in  other  branches  of  the  service  are 
reckoned.  In  action  each  imit  has  its  designated  work.  At  or 
very  near  the  front,  some  of  them  at  times  actually  in  the  front- 
line trenches,  are  the  regimental  aid  stations,  small  units  for 
emergency  work  by  which  the  wounded  soldier  is  given  his  first 
attention.  Back  of  these  are  a  smaller  number  of  dressing- 
stations  to  which  the  "  casualties  "  are  carried  by  the  litter- 
bearers.   From  the  dressing-station  to  the  nearest  field  hospital 


an  ambulance  division  operates  through  its  own  unit  with  either 
motor-driven  or  animal-drawn  vehicles.  Back  of  the  field  hos- 
pitals, and  serving  three  of  them,  is  the  evacuation  hospital,  and 
to  this  again  the  transfer  is  made  by  an  ambulance  tinit.  Wlmv 
such  an  arrangement  is  at  all  possible,  the  evacuation  ' 
is  located  near  a  railhead,  and  die  transfer  of  the  wound€ 
this  point  to  the  base  hospital  is  made  by  h(»pital  trainai.l 
selves  marvels  of  comfort  and  convenience.  Eauch  of  thu  iMitlHib 
and  many  others  in  the  Corps  are  distinct  organizationritiili 
with  its  stated  number  of  officers,  commissioned  or  non-<nJBu»- 
sioned,  and  each  complete  in  itself.  And  it  is  as  separali^MBifi 
in  the  field  that  they  "  carry  on." 

Taking  it  all  in  all,  with  an  enemy  as  calculatingly  bwAMRD 
as  the  Hun,  there  is  no  more  heroic  job  in  the  great  wavJftu 
that  undertaken  by  the  Medical  Corps.  Bound  by  the  ia  " 
tional  law  which  declares  that  he  may  not  act  upon  IjiaJ 
sive,  the  M.  C.  officer  or  enlisted  man  can  only  grin 
it  wheii  a  Boche  sniper  takes  pot-shots  at  him  while  he  k 
to  dnu^  some  woimded  man  out  of  the  zone  of  fire 
some  Boche  airman  spots  the  Red  Cross  markings 
hospital  and  makes  them  the  target  for  his  bombs.  Sa<diT 
conditions  ask  for  the  highest  courage,  and  the  men  vHlkp  bt* 
them  are  true  soldiers — Soldiers  of  Rescue. 


KNOLL  PAPERS 

BY   LYMAN   ABBOTT 
THE    COMMUNITY   CHURCH 


A  VILLAGE  not  a  thousand  miles  from  New  York  City, 
containing  perhaps  twelve  hundred  inhabitants,  a  mar 
jority  of  whom  are  Protestants,  has  the  good  fortune  to 
possess  but  one  Protestant  church.  That  church,  therefore, 
unites  the  people  instead  of  dividing  them.  This  church  has  a 
pastor  who  believes  that  the  church  exists  for  the  community, 
not  the  community  for  the  church ;  and,  what  is  even  more  un- 
usual, the  church  shares  that  belief  with  him.  Recently  this  pastor 
announced  a  Sunday-school  picnic  to  which  all  the  children  and 
all  the  grown-ups  of  the  village  were  invited,  and  he  published 
this  invitation  in  the  local  paper  in  the  following  words: 
*'  Young  or  old,  Protestant  or  Catholic,  whoever  you  are  and 
whatever  you  are,  yon  are  invited  to  the  community  picnic  to 
be  given  by  the  Presbyterian  Church  next  Saturday  afternoon, 
September  22.  A  splendid  lunch  is  being  arranged  by  the  ladies, 
but  those  who  wish  may  bring  baskets.  All  will  eat  together 
when  the  sports  are  over.  Abundance  of  prizes.  Everything 
free."  He  at  the  same  time  announced  that  there  would  be 
automobiles  at  the  church  at  the  appointed  hour  to  take  all 
comers  to  the  picnic  grounds,  almut  two  miles  distant.  I  visited 
the  picnic  grounds,  and-  foimd  about  three  hundred  of  the  vil- 
lagers there.  Contributions  of  automobiles  and  contributions  to 
the  picnic  table  had  been  made  without  solicitation  by  some  not 
connected  with  the  church.  The  children  were  having  a  merry 
time  with  their  sports,  and  the  grown-ups  almost  as  merry  a 
time  in  looking  on.  Enough,  I  afterward  learned,  was  provided 
to  feed  all  comers,  and  a  balance  was  left  over  which  was  gfiven 
to  one  or  two  poor  families  in  the  vicinity.  This  is  not  the  only 
service  this  community  church  is  rendering  to  the  village.  The 
pastor  has  a  small  ftmd — the  church  is  not  a  rich  one — which 
he  can  use  at  his  discretion  in  aid  of  any  poor,  quite  regardless 
of  their  church  connection,  and  there  is  held  m  the  house  of 
one  of  the  ladies  of  the  church  every  week  a  sewing  bee — sewing 
for  the  soldiers — which  is  announced  every  Sunday  from  the 
pulpit  with  the  other  church  notices,  and  which  is  attended  and 
participated  in  by  ladies  of  all  denominations  and  of  none  at  all. 
This  seems  to  me  something  of  a  novelty  in  church  life.  Like 
many  novelties,  it  is  really  a  return  to  primitive  times. 

Jesus  Christ  after  his  resurrection  gave  to  his  disciples  their 
commission  :  "  As  the  Father  hath  sent  me,  even  so  send  I  you. 
And  when  he  had  said  this,  he  breathed  on  them,  and  saith 
unto  them.  Receive  ye  the  Holy  Spirit :  whosesoever  sins  ye 


4 


remit,  they  are  remitted  unto  them  ;  whoeesoeTer  sins  ye 
they  are  retained."  In  this  commission  he  defined  the 
of  his  disciples :  "  As  my  Father  hath  sent  me,  even  so  seed  I 
you."  He  endowed  them  with  power  to  fulfill  that  oonmuanffli : 
"  Receive  ye  the  Holy  Ghost ;"  and  he  told  them  what  would 
be  the  result  of  their  loyalty  and  what  the  result  of  their  fail- 
ure ;  "  Whosesoever  sins  ye  remit,  they  are  remitted  unto  then : 
whosesoever  sins  ye  retain,  they  are  retained."  Endowed  vitli 
his  spirit,  they  could  drive  away  sin  from  their  oommniiS^;  if 
they  did  not,  the  sin  would  remain.  He  said  nothing  teVKB 
about  any  successors  ;  and  neither  then  nor  at  any  otiMV.fiv 
did  he  give  them  authority  to  appoint  successors.  Wtf )■■• 
either  suppose  that  the  mission  and  the  power  expii«dt  vA 
them  at  their  death  or  that  the  mission  is  given  to  aD  Am 
who  are  imbued  with  his  spirit,  rejoice  in  his  com 
and  desire  to  carry  on  his  work.  The  history  of 
confirms  the  latter  opinion. 

At  first  the  disciples  formed  no  organization.    To 
did  not  appear  any  need  of  an  organization.    Their 
Jesus  was  the  Messiah  had  been  disappointed  by  his 
had  been  revived  and  established  when  they  came  to 
his  resurrection.  They  did  not  easily  abandon  their  J* 
ception  of  the  kingdom  of  God ;  what  was  new  in 
was  that  Jesus  had  interpreted  its  spirit  and  had 
to  establish  it,  and  they  expected  his  speedy  return 
by  miraciUous  power  the  work  which  he  had  begun. 
therefore  everywhere  preaching  the  glad  tidings  that 
erer  had  come.  They  regarded  themselves  simply^ 
of  a  coming  King.    Being  Jews,  they  regarded 
only  a  new  development  of  Judaism,   esteemed 
to  be  obligatory,  and  observed  the  seventh  day  as 

But  the  day  when  their  Master  lay  in  the  tomb  and 
lay  buried  with  him  could  not  be  to  the  disciples  the 
that  the  seventh  day  was  to  the  Jewish  people ;  nor 
pass  by  without  any  celebration  the  day  when  their  hu 
from  the  grave  with  their  Master's  resurrection.    On 
they  met  in  their  various  homes  for  prayer,  and  generally  t$f* 
supper  held  in  memory  of  him,  as  he  had  requested.  The  nnnbct 
of  Christians  was  so  small  that  one  house  was  quite  snfiBdot 
to  receive  them  all.    These  social  communions  were  probity 
generally  held  in  the  evening,  for  the  disciples  were  ahv^ 
mvariably  poor,  and  their  day  hours  were  not  their  own.  Tb» 


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1 


CURRENT    EVENTS    ILLUSTRATED; 


19  UadcTWTMd  &  Vadcrviood 


BEFUGKES   FROM   THK   SCK.NK   OF    IHK    KXl'U»SION    lilUNG   fAKKO    FOK    IIV   A    SAIU)U   GUAT 


A   STOKK,    WKECKED    BY  THE  EXPLOSION,   UNDEIL    MlliU-i    i.i    \iai 

THE  GREAT  EXPLOSION  OK  MUNITIONS  AT  MORGAN.  NEW  JEltSEY.  BRINGS  WARS  DEVASTATION  TO  OUR  DOORS 
at  Io«s  of  life  aiid  the  proiM-rty  damage  caused  by  this  explosion  luiKht  easily  have  Iwen  multiplied  indeHnitely  if  the  munition  plants  nu«Knxine  hikd  been  blown 
Bcautions  at^inat  such  disaaters  should  l>e  taken  by  every  one  responsible  for  n  munition  pknt,  and  eH|>ecially  by  the  Oovemment  inspee»6S» 

may  liiive  anlliorily  iu  such  matters  Diaitized  bv 


r 

f 

(C)  liUc.Tn.itiiin,il  liliii  S(-t\ke 

ABRAHAM  LINCOLN— STATUE  UNVEILED  AT  BPRIN6FIBLD 


IntcrnaiioiLit  riliii  Service 

PRINCE  MAXIMILIAN  OF  BADEN,  GERMANY'S  NEW  CHANCELLOK 


ILLINOIS 

I  <ord  Ohnrn  wood,  the  English  aathor  of  an  admirable  "Life  of  Lincoln,"  is  the  Prince  Maximilian  is  heir  to  the  throne  of  the  OmndDnchy  of  Badm. 

second  figure  from  the  left ;  opposite  hira  at  the  right,  next  the  pedestal,  is  Secretary  Although  put  forward  as  an  upholder  of  Ubenilisin,  he  belongs  to  tbe 

Daniels,  who  unveiled  the  statue,  which  is  the  work  of  Andrew  O'Connor  Junkers,  the  landed  aristocracy  of  Oemiany,  and  to  the  railitaiy  eastr 

"BY  THEIR  FRUITS  YE  SHALL  KNOW  THEM"— THE  HERO  OP  DEMOCRACY  AND  THE  REPRESENTATIVE  OF  AUTOCRACT 


Press  lUustraHn- 


Paul  Thoiiii'^on 


THE  NEW  KINO  OK  BULGARIA,  BORIS  UI 
King  Boris  succeeds  his  father,  Ferdinand,  who  has  abdicated.   He  is  twenty- 
four  years  old.   His  mother  was  Marie  Louise,  daughter  of  Duke  Robert  of 
Pamia.    King  Ferdinand's  abdication  was  forced  by  the  Bulgarian  dilMe 


GENERAL  HENRI  CLAUDON  SPEAKING  FOR  LIBERTY 
General  Claudon  is  the  ranking  oiBcer  of  the  French  Military  Commissian  m 
in  America.  He  p«id  a  warm  tribute  on  the  occasion  of  this  address  to  Aiwni' 
and  Americans  for  their  help  in  the  war 

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ITALIA.N    llKKSAlil.lKIU    CHKKUINO    FOR  THE   LOAM 

PATKIOTIC  groups  <»1-   XAIUOUS   .NATloNALlTlK-S   U 110   IIKLI'EI)  TO  UOISK  ENTHUSIASM   FOK  THK  KOUIMH    l.lUKltTY  LOAN 

IN   NEW  VOUK  CITY 

^le  work  for  the  Fourtli  Lilwrty  Loaii  iiidicalcil  h1h>vi',  s!ia-c.l  iti  at  it  was  liy  the  repn-wnlaiivcs  uf  tlie  many  divcisn  iialionalitips  wlio  nuikeim  New  YorkiSty's 
'■  iiieltiug  iHit,"  »a»  typiial  of  llie  si-rviuu  iK-ifoniieil  l>v  Ai k-a's  uduiiteii  soiiH  tiiicl  dniiKlilent  lliruUKlioiit  the  bad  |         /-^/'-^r\  I  i-> 

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(CI  Woicm  Nawt|itp«r  Unids 


CONVALESCKNT  SOLDIERS  EMJOTINO  A  HEALTHFUL  DIP  IN  THE  SEA   ON  THE  COAST  OF  FRANCE 


(C)  Committee  on  Public  Inforiiiatjnn 

AMERICAN  SOLDIERS  OF  THE  SEVENTH  INFANTRY  GOING  TO  THE  FIRING  LINE  ON  TRUCKS  OF  THE  MOTOR  TRANSPORT  BERTIGE 

WOKK  AND  PLAY  FOR  OUK  SOLDIERS  ON  THE  WESTERN  FRONT 


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THE  OUTLOOK 


301 


meetings  were  not  recruiting  stations ;  they  oonld  not  be.  Tbe 
Jews  regarded  the  Christians  with  derision,  the  pagans  with 
indifference.  Neither  Jew  nor  pagan  was  likely  to  attend  these 
simple  services.  The  recruiting  was  done  elsewhere.  The  glad 
tidings  were  preached  wherever  an  opportunity  oonld  be  found — 
in  a  schoolhouse,  a  synagogue,  a  market-place,  a  street  comer, 
or  a  private  home.  In  wis  respect  the  disciples  followed  the 
method  of  their  Master.  Any  one  might  preach  or  baptize,  or, 
so  far  as  appears  from  the  record,  take  the  Master's  place  in 
the  Memorial  Supper.  There  was  no  distinction  between  priest 
and  layman.  In  this  respect  the  early  disciples  followed  the 
habit  <n  their  nation,  which  carefully  oonGned  the  duties  of  the 
priesthood  to  a  specially  appointed  class,  but  allowed  any  one 
to  preach  vrho  had  or  thought  he  had  a  message. 

I  have  not  space  here  to  trace  the  subsequent  development  of 
the  Church.  It  must  siiffice  to  say  that  in  that  development  a 
radical  revolution  was  wrought.  These  simple  brotherhoods 
Itecame  a  highly  organized  society,  and  later  a  group  of  differ- 
ent highly  organized  societies.  The  brotherhoods  no  longer 
went  out  to  carry  their  messages  or  their  ministry  of  good 
deeds  to  the  community.  They  expected  that  the  members  of 
the  oonunnnity  would  come  to  the  brotherhoods.  If  they  did 
not  come,  they  were  at  fault.  Sometimes  non-attendants  were 
fined  for  their  failure ;  sometimes  severely  punished.  Some- 
times they  were  merely  deprived  of  privileges  accorded  to  the 
church  attendants ;  tiiey  could  not  be  s^olars  in  the  state 
universities ;  they  could  not  hold  ofiBce  in  the  state  nor  even 
vote  in  commimities  in  which  popular  elections  were  held.  In 
course  of  time  these  legal  penalties  and  disabilities  were  abol- 
ished, bnt  social  disabUities  remained.  In  my  boyhood  in  a  New 
England  village  the  men  and  women  who  did  not  ^o  to  church 
were  looked  on  with  suspicion  and  even  with  aversion. 

During  all  this  time  it  is  true  that  there  were  disciples  who 
bad  a  Christiike  understanding  of  Christ's  words.  They  carried 
on  works  of  charity  and  mercy  ;  fed  the  hungry  at  the  monas- 
tery door,  taught  tibe  children  in  parochial  schools,  provided  a 
pkice  of  refuge  in  the  cathedrals  for  criminals  fleeing  from  an 
unmerciful  law  enforcement,  and  sent  out  missionaries  to  carry 
the  Gospel  to  heathen  lands.  But  in  Protestant  circles  thu 
■onception  that  the  world  is  the  field  did  not  begin  to  dominate 
:he  brotherhoods  until  about  the  middle  of  the  eighteenth  cen- 
:urT.  The  official  definition  of  the  Church  contained  in  the 
riuzty-nine  Articles  of  the  Episcopal  Church  was  the  definition 
(enerally  accepted  in  all  Protestant  communions : 

The  visible  Church  of  Clirist  is  a  congregation  of  faithful  men, 
in  the  which  the  pore  Word  of  God  is  preached,  and  the  Sacra- 
ments be  duly  ministered  according  to  Christ's  ordinance,  in 
all  thooe  things  that  of  necessity  are  requisite  to  the  same. 

The  Christians  differed  as  to  what  is  the  pure  Word  of  God 
,nd  what  is  the  duly  ministering  of  the  Sacraments,  bnt  they 
.greed  in  thinking  that  to  teach  the  pure  Word  and  minister 
be  Sacraments  in  the  brotherhood  was  the  whole  duty  of  the 
Tiarch- 

For  the  last  century  and  a  half  we  have  been  coming  back  to 

truer  conception  of  the  function  of  the  Church  and  a  truer 
stimate  of  the  value  of  its  Sabbath  services.  The  preaching  of 
V'hitefield  and  Wesley  outside  church  walls ;  the  organization 
f  home  and  foreign  missionary  societies ;  the  creation  of  the 
fonday  school,  originally  designed  to  teach  the  children  of 
on-chnrch-goers ;  the  social  settlement  work ;  the  parish  house, 
dth  its  duM,  its  gymnasium,  and  its  schools ;  the  so^^led  insti- 
itiooal  church,  with  its  varied  philanthropic  activities ;  the 
Zing^B  Daoehters,  and  the  Salvation  Army,  are  all  illustrations 
f  t&e  ooteomg  spirit  in  the  modem  Christian  church.  Of  all 
leae  proancts  of  the  new  understanding  of  Christianity  per- 
»fB  foe  most  remarkable  are  the  Young  Men's  Christian  Asso- 
|iitT4>fF»  and  the  Young  Women's  Christian  Associations. 

In  1844  a  few  young  men  met  in  London  to  talk  over  the  ques- 
OO,  Wliat  could  they  do  to  improve  the  condition  of  their  fellows 
I  tbe  drapery  and  other  trades  in  that  city  ?  Out  of  this  humble 
kj^inziuig  has  come  the  Young  Men's  Christian  Association 
ith  its  ever^ widening  ministry  to  men  of  all  trades  and  voca- 
OOB,  vrith  its  club-house  in  every  considerable  city,  and  now 
ith  ita  '^  hut "  in  every  camp  and  cantuuntent  at  home  and 
irvMui.  The  Association  has  wisely  made  membership  in  some 
hriAtian  church  a  condition  of  participation  in  the  govemnicnt 


of  the  local  Associations ;  for  thus  it  has  avoided  the  danger  of 
becoming  another  and  rival  church,  and  has  remained  and  will 
remain  uie  ri^ht  hand  of  the  Church  for  field  service.  I  wish  it 
had  welcomed  to  its  growing  membership  all  members  of  any 
and  every  church  that  called  itself  Christian.  But  its  less  catho- 
lic policy  has  perhaps  really  extended  the  sphere  of  its  useful- 
ness, since  other  organizations  possessing  its  spirit  and  adopting 
its  methods  have  been  creat^ — the  Young  Men's  Christian 
Union  by  the  non-evangelical  churches,  the  Knights  of  Colum- 
bus by  the  Roman  Catholic  Church,  the  Hebrew  Young  Men's 
Association  by  the  Jews,  and  the  Young  Women's  Christian 
Association  to  do  by  and  for  women  wbat  the  Young- Men's 
Christian  Association  is  doing  by  and  for  men. 

Critics  sometimes  think  that  the  Young  Men's  Christian 
Association  is  neglecting  what  they  call  its  religious  work  and 
devoting  itself  too  much  to  secular  activities ;  that  it  lays  too 
much  emphasis  on  its  g3nnnasium  and  too  littie  on  its  prayer- 
meetings.  But  this  criticism  seems  to  me  to  be  founded  on  a 
mistaken  idea  as  to  the  function  of  the  Sabbath-day  services  of 
the  church.  Their  primary  object  ought  to  bd  to  instruct  and 
inspire  Christian  believers  for  Christian  service.  That  Christian 
service  may  sometimes  be  rendered  by  repeating  to  the  commu- 
nity the  message  heard  in  the  church — that  is,  by  lay  preaching. 
But  it  is  mainly  to  be  rendered  not  by  preaching,  but  by'  prac- 
ticing ;  by  carrying  out  in  the  individual  life  or  in  organized 
activities  the  spirit  received  and  the  ideals  inculcated  in  the 
church  services.  Christian  life  is  the  best  evidence  of  Christianity. 
Even  the  skeptic  Gibbon,  in  his  account  of  the  extraordinary 
progress  of  primitive  Christianity,  gives  as  one  of  the  five  chief 
causes  of  that  progress  the  fact  that  *'  the  primitive  Christian 
demonstrated  his  faith  by  his  virtues."  That  kind  of  demonstra^ 
tion  has  not  lost  its  power.  The  Young  Men's  Christian  Associa- 
tion is  demonstrating  to  unnumbered  thousands  the  truth  and 
value  of  Christianity  not  by  what  it  says  but  by  what  it  does. 
The  Church  tells  Christian  believers  what  is  the  kingdom  of 
God,  but  it  is  for  the  Christian  believers  to  go  out  from  the 
Church  and  build  that  kingdom  of  God. 

The  test  of  the  Church  is  not  the  size  of  the  attending  con- 
gregation, nor  even  the  number  that  are  added  from  time  to  time 
to  its  active  membership.  These  are  good  signs ;  but  they  are 
not  the  test.  The  test  is  the  kind  of  service  its  members  are 
rendering  to  the  community  and  the  kind  of  life  they  are  living 
in  the  community.  We  do  not  go  to  church  to  serve  God.  We 
go  to  church  to  learn  how  to  serve  God  and  to  receive  inspira- 
tion from  that  service.  Listening  to  a  Christian  sermon  is  no 
more  practicing  Christianity  than  listening  to  medical  lectures 
is  practicing  medicine.  Let  me  recall  Christ's  commission  to  his 
disciples :  "  As  the  Father  hath  sent  me,  even  so  send  I  you." 

We  are  apt  to  think  of  Jesus  Christ  only  as  a  great  preacher. 
He  was  a  great  preacher,  but  he  was  much  more.  He  preached 
in  the  synagogue  and  in  the  Temple  when  he  had  the  opportu- 
nity to  do  so,  but  he  did  not  confine  himself  to  preaching,  nor 
in  his  preaching  to  either  synagogue  or  Temple.  He  went 
where  men  were  and  he  carried  to  them  a  ministi-y  fitted  to  their 
nee<l8.  Were  they  hungry,  he  fed  them ;  were  they  sick,  he 
healed  them ;  were  they  ignorant,  he  taught  them ;  were  they 
discouraged,  he  gave  them  hope ;  were  they  self-satisfied  and 
selfish,  he  rebuked  them ;  were  they  repentant,  he  assured  them 
of  the  Father's  forgiveness.  This  was  the  work  which  he  did,  and 
this  was  the  work  which  he  appointed  for  his  disciples  to  do. 
We  follow  Christ  by  carrjring  mto  our  every-day  work  the  spirit 
which  he  carried  into  his  work.  We  serve  our  Father  by  serving 
his  children  ;  the  baker  serves  by  feeding  the  public ;  the  teacher, 
by  instructing  his  pupils ;  the  lawyer,  by  administering  justice  ; 
the  doctor,  by  healmg  the  sick  ;  tbe  social  circle,  by  the  charity 
that  thinketh  no  evil ;  mothers  serve  by  taking  in  their  arms  the 
children  God  has  given  them  and  blessing  them.  The  Apostle  has 
told  us  that  Christ  came  to  teach  us  to  live  soberly,  righteously, 
godly,  looking  for  the  blessed  hope  and  appearing  of  the  glory 
of  the  great  God  and  our  Saviour  Jesus  Christ.  The  Church  is 
fulfilling  the  work  which  Christ  gave  it  to  do  when  by  its  pulpit 
teaching,  but  still  more  by  the  lives  of  its  members,  it  is  inspir- 
ing in  ^e  community  the  life  of  self-control,  of  good  will  and 
fair  dealing,  of  reverence  and  humility,  of  inspiring  hopefulness 
and  ennobling  aspiration. 

This  is  what  I  mean  by  a  comnmuity  <•!:  r-  li. 


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302 


THE   OUTLOOK 


23  October 


THE    CAREER    OF  A  NOTABLE   INDIAN 

BY  MABEL  POWERS   (YEHSENNOHWEHS) 


THE  last  of  the  gi-eat  Seneca  chiefs 
is  dead.  Among  his  own  people  he 
was  known  as  Sosondowa — "  Great 
Night."  The  whites  addressed  him 
as  Chief  Edward  Cornplanter — for  he  was 
the  great-great-grandson  of  the  celebrated 
Cornplanter  of  history,  who  helped  to 
defeat  Braddock  in  1755,  but  afterward 
beranie  the  steadfast  friend  of  the  whites. 
'  Sosondowa  was  a  man  of  fine  presence, 
with  broad  shoulders,  deep  chest,  and  a 
veil-poised  head.   He  knew  the  secrets  of 


SOSONDOWA  (EDWARD  CORNPLANTEIt) 

tlie  art  of  story-telling,  and  it  was  as  a 
story-teller  that  I  firat  rniiie  to  know  him. 
As  one  sat  by  his  lodge  fire  and  liscened, 
one  felt  that  here  was  a  man  of  elemental 
genius.  The  first  story  I  heaixl  from  him 
was  a  variation  of  the  familiar  legend  of  the 
wliite  man's  buying  from  the  Indian  as  much 
land  as  could  be  covered  by  a  buffalo's  skin. 

Sosondowa  began,  in  a  voice  that  i-ang 
true,  vital,  sincere,  as  he  put  a  fresh  log  on 
the  fire : 

"  They  say  it  was  this  way.  'Long  time 
1^0 — before  Columbus  come — Indian  have 
dream.  He  see  big  white  bird  coming  from 
sunrising  ;  it  have  great  powerful  wings,  it 
sweep  toward  setting  sun,  take  everything 
before  it.  That  was  white  man  coming  " — 
he  nodded  significantly. 

"  Then  white  man  come,"  he  contin- 
ued, after  a  pause.  "  He  come  with  one 
hand  raised — that  mean  he  come  in  name 
of  Great  Spirit.  He  hold  out  other  hand  to 
Indian.  Indian  take  it,  call  him  brother. 
Then  white  man  ask  for  little  seat,  size 
buffalo  sl(in.  Indian  give  it  to  him,  give 
liim  skin  to  spread  by  fire.  Then  what 
white  man  do  f"  he  questioned,  as  a  war- 
trail  gleam  shot  into  his  eyes.  "  White 
man  take  buffalo  skin  and  cut  into  little 
strips,  so ;  he  tie  strips  togetlier  till  he 
make  long  cord  that  reach  long  traiL  Then 
he  measure  off  so  much  land  as  long  cord 
go  roimd.  That  was  little  seat,  size  buffalo 
skin,  white  man  took  ! 

"  Prettv  soon  white  man  ask  for  another 
seat.  Indian  give  it  to  him,  move  on.  Then 
he  want  anotlier — and  another.  Every  time 
it  take  more  room  for  him  to  sit  down. 
And  now  Indian,  instead  of  white  man,  got 
little  seat  size  buffalo  skin." 


\ 


Then  the  chief,  with  a  terrible  intensity, 
added :  "  But  white  man  done  great 
wicked  before  Great  Spirit,  and  Great 
Spirit  no  forget.  He  g^ive  Indian  strength 
yet.  Now  thmgs  begin  to  turn.  Now 
Indian's  seat  getting  bi^er.  He  study  to 
get  up,  learn  to  run  engines,  street  cars, 
make  automobiles,  build  bridges,  print 
newspapers,  write,  play,  sing,  yes,  even  got 
seat  m  Washington.  White  man,  too,  see 
wrong  that  was  done  Indian.  He  getting 
kind  heart  for  Indian.  He  try  to  learn 
Indian  wavs,  laws,  how  to  hold  councils. 
Little  children  play  Indian,  dress  like 
Indian.  Stores  sell  Indian  things.  Big 
singers  sing  Indian  songs,  people  Hke  you 
come  for  Indian  stories.  Wny  ?  Cause  now 
everybody  want  to  know  about  Indian." 

But  Sosondowa  was  also  a  sage.  Contri- 
butions of  permanent  value  on  the  rites  of 
the  Iroquois  were  made  by  him  to  the 
State  Archeological  Department  at  Albany. 
Chief  among  uiese  was  "The  Code  of 
Handsome  Lake,"  a  translation  of  the 
ritual  that  forms  the  basis  of  certain  Indian 
beliefs  of  to-day. 

"  Handsome  Lake "  was  an  Iroquois 
Indian  who  lived  during  tbe  latter  part  of 
the  eighteenth  century,  when  the  Indians' 
grreat  confederacy  had  been  crushed  and 
tneir  ideals  destroyed  by  the  white  man. 
Intemperance  had  run  riot  among  them, 
and  for  sixty  years  "  Handsome  Lake " 
had  shared  in  this  degradation.  When  ap- 
parently on  his  death-bed,  heannounced  tmit 
he  had  received  a  revelation.  Four  mes- 
sengers of  the  Great  Spirit  visited  him,  he 
said,  and  gave  him  a  message  of  new  life  for 
his  people.  It  was  called  the  "  Gaiwiio,'"  or 
"  Good  Tidings."  The  prophet  rose  from 
his  bed  and  ror  sixteen  years  taught  the 
"  Gaiwiio."  In  two  years,  it  is  said,  so 
marked  was  the  reform  among  the  Indians 
that  President  Jefferson  sent  a  letter  com- 
mending the  teaching,  which  consists  of 
moral  and  Christian  teachings  admirably 
adapted  to  the  needs  of  the  Indians. 

Sosondowa  was  the  last  of  the  great 
preachers  of  the  Gaiwiio.  He  went  trom 
one  reservation  to  another  proclaiming  this 
message.  "  I  work  for  Great  Spirit,"  he 
woiQd  say,  and  one  could  not  doubt  his 
sincerity  after  hearing  him  recite  the 
Gaiwiio,  which  requireid  four  ascending 
suns  for  presentation.  His  final  appeal  to 
his  people  to  resist  the  firewater  was  most 
moving  and  impassioned. 

Sosondowa  had  many  friends  among  bodi 
whites  and  Indians.  His  only  son  enlisted 
and  became  a  corporal  in  the  American 
Army,  and  is  now  in  France.  A  "  condo- 
lence "  was  held  on  September  3  at  Lake 
Placid  by  the  members  of  the  Lake  Placid 
Club  in  memory  of  Sosondowa,  in  recogni- 
tion of  the  services  he  had  rendered  at  the 
Annual  Council  Fire  for  several  seasons. 

A   FRENCH    SCHOOLMASTER 

Yesterday,  while  passing  through  the 
quaint  little  village  of  Thing-um-bob,  and 
being  amused  at  what  has  become  a  very 
common  conti-ast — a  lumbering  motor  truck 
in  the  lee  of  a  mediaeval  church — I  passed 
the  Mairle ;  but  the  Mayor  was  not  in 
his  diminutive  town  hall.  In  fact,  all  the 
blinds  were  closed  except  on  the  ground 
floor  at  one  end.  At  this  end,  too,  was  a 
small  shady  yard  with  a  fence  about  it. 
Going  that  way,  I  found  there  tliat  was  a  side 
entrance  into  that  yard  from  the  hall — ^two 


entrances,  to  tell  the  truth — and  over  one 
door  was  painted  "  FUles "  and  over  the 
other  "  Chirfons."  And  above  the  two  of 
them  I  read  that  it  was  the  village  schooL 

The  doors  were  open,  as  were  the  win- 
dows, and  from  witnin  came  the  typical 
sound  of  a  school-room,  whether  in  oar  own 
little  red  schoolhouses  or  great  municipal 
establishments.  There  was  the  rustling  of 
paper  and  the  closing  of  books.  Then  came 
a  man's  voice,  halt  humorous  and  half 
tragic,  as  the  schoolmaster  tried  to  get  some 
complicated  idea,  into  some  little  brown 
French  head.  The  master  asked  a  qaestiou. 
the  infant  replied,  and«the  master  let  loooe 
such  a  joyful,  ringing  laugh,  of  a  type  too 
rarely  found  in  schools,  that  I  ap  and 
walked  right  in.  Tableau  ! 

It  was  a  reg^ular  old-time  school-room, 
such  aa  our  g^ndparents  were  used  to. 
with  the  long,  narrow  desks  and  seats,  so 
that  those  blessed  with  long  legs  could 
have  their  feet  on  the  floor,  while  the  little 
tads  had  to  swing  theirs  hopelessly  far 
above  it.  The  oldest  was  perhaps  about 
twelve  and  the  youngest  six  years  old,  the 
boys  sitting,  grinning,  on  one  side  aJid  the 
girls  demurely  on  the  other.  Boys  ?  Tlie 
same  all  the  world  over.  The  only  real 
difference  I  find  between  French  and 
American  boys  is  that  the  former  are  just 
a  shade  more  polite  and  respectful  to  tiaeir 
elders  and  that  the  French  lads  wear  their 
shirt-tails  out,  though  usually  gathered  in 
at  the  waist  by  means  of  a  belt.  Idost  ot 
them  wore  simple  black  affairs,  with  mueb- 
bepatched  blue  trousers  just  visible  l»e- 
neath. 

But  if  the  school-room  ■^vere  old-faali- 
ioned  the  methods  wei-e  not,  and  on  tlir 
wall  I  found,  for  instance,  the  very  latest 
charts,  such  as  are  used  for  teaching  natu- 
ral history — very  interesting  ones,  too.  And 
the  schoolmaster  told  nie  that  the  chDdren 
adored  this  study  because  they  had  only  tu 
walk  outdoors  and  in  almost  any  meadow 
or  any  neighboring  woods  or  brook  find 
the  very  creatures  so  ingeniously  displayeii 
on  die  colored  chart. 

The  schoolmaster  ?  I  suspected  it  irhen 
I  first  saw  him,  for  he  had  a  military  bear- 
ing and  a  firm  if  jovial  face.  Also,  he 
shook  hands  with  his  left  hand.  There  'were 
two  diminutive  ribbons  on  his  coat.  One 
was  for  service  and  the  other  for  a  wound — 
a  vicious  b^onet  thrust  through  his  rigbt 
forearm.  He  shrufn^ed  his  shoulders  and 
gave  a  quick  smile,  head  on  one  side.  Hat 
what  would  one  have  ?  "  C'est  la  ffu^r-re  .*" 
Also,  it  did  not  in  the  least  prevent  hi> 
being  a  very  good  teacher.  And  he  had 
already  learned  to  write  with  chalk  and 
with  pen  witli  his  left  hand.  His  rigbt  hand 
was  very,  very  stiff ;  he  could  move  it  onh 
a  little.  However,  who  knows  ?  It  iniprovexl 
more  and  more,  and  perhaps  it  woold  be 
useful  again.  Then  he  laughed  with  tbe 
brave  laugh  of  the  indomitable  French, 
made  an  inimitable  gesture  with  botb  hands. 
and  remarked  tliat,  after  all,  tlie  Amerinut- 
would  make  up  for  everything.  And  Koch  . 
What  a  master  mind ! 

Meanwhile  all  those  children  sat  sil^t . 
proud,  no  doubt,  of  their  soldier-teacher, 
and  satisfying  tlieir  curiosity  with  tbe  tut 
wavering  stare  of  childhood  conreming  df 
droll  American.  For,  trath  to  tell,  ourhwv 
amuse  young  France  hugely. 

When  I  left,  all  and  sundry  assexnbl<><-' 
outdoors,  and  nothing  must  do  btit  tliat  1 
take  with  me  a  diminutive  photog^ra|>h  »' 
the  children  and  their  teacher.  There  wv 
a  fluttering  of  hands  and  good-bys,  and  r 
I  turned  a  corner  thev  were  nockino  ;, 
again,  like  a  swarm  cf  bees.  A  short  tics- 
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1918 


THE   OUTLOOK 


303 


afterwards,  passing  the  Mairie  again,  I 
heard  once  more  the  cheery  voice  of  the 
brave  little  schoolmaster,  who  with  couitige 
and  good  hnnior  was  doing  his  best  to 
"  carry  on  "  in  that  little  back-country  vil- 
lage, far  removed  from  the  noise  of  battle 
or  even  the  scars — the  visible  scars — of 
war.  Charles  K.  Taylor,  Pvt. 

Ainerioui  Expeditionary  Force  in  France. 

I    WILL 

BT  ALBAN  ASBUKT 

My  road  is  steep  "as  Alpine  path, 
The  dangers  multiply  apace. 
My  evil  loes,  surcharged  with  wrath. 
Are  set  to  thwart  me  w  the  race. 
Bat,  be  the  goal  as  hard  again, 
I  will  attain:  I  WILL! 

My  soal  with  inward  grief  is  rent, 
The  palace  of  my  dreams  is  sacked, 
The  torees  of  my  youth  are  spent, 
My  argosies  of  loy  are  wracked. 
Yet,  if  I  must,  tkrough  furnace  fire, 
I  will  aspire!  IWILL! 

For  though  I  tread  the  brink  of  hell, 
The  Evemsting  Arm  holds  strong. 
Though  I  must  wait  the  Doomsday  knell. 
The  Everlasting  Love  lasts  long. 
So,  though  I  break  beneath  the  rod, 
ru  climb  to  God !  IWILL! 

SOME   HIGH   PRICES   IN   1863 

BT  BESSIE  T.  OENNT 

A  copy  of  the  "  Daily  CStizen,"  a  Con- 
federate paper  publishea  in  Yicksbnrg  in 
1863,  and  preserved  by  H.  C.  Taylor, 
lirows  interesting  light  on  the  comparative 
icarcity  of  breadstnffs,  the  relative  price  of 
lour,  and  the  contempt  in  which  hoarders 
vere  held  in  the  days  of  our  Civil  War. 
!>ne  miragraph  reads : 

"  If  aught  would  appeal  to  the  heart  of 
itone  of  uie  extortioner  with  success,  the 
(resent  necessities  of  our  citizens  would  do 
o.  It  is  needless  to  attempt  to  disgiuse 
rem  the  enemy  or  our  own  people  that  our 
rants  are  great,  but  still  we  can  conscien- 
ioasly  assert  our  belief  that  there  is  plenty 
rithin  our  lines,  by  exercise  of  prudence,  to 
ast  until  long  after  succor  reacnes  us.  We 
T9  satisfied  there  are  numerous  persons 
rithin  our  city  who  have  breadstuffs  se- 
reted,  and  are  doling  it  out  at  the  most 
xorbitant  figures  to  uose  who  had  not  the 
nresieht  or  m^ans  at  their  command  to 
rovide  for  the  exigencies  now  upon  as. 

»  A  rumor  has  reaciied  us  that  parties  in 
or  city  have  been,  and  are  now,  selling 
our  at  five  dollars  per  pound  !  molasses  at 
Ml  dollars  per  gallon  !  and  com  at  ten  dol- 
irs  per  bushel!  [Confederate  money,  of 
aarae.^  We  have  not  yet  proved  the  fact, 
at  thia  allusion  to  the  subject  may  induce 
>(ne  of  our  citizens  to  ascertain  whether 
ie«e  prices  have  been  paid  and  to  whom ; 
ad  if^so,  let  a  brand  not  only  be  placed 
pon  their  brow,  but  let  it  be  seared  into 
leir  very  brain,  that  humanity  may  shun 
lem  aa  it  would  the  portals  of  hell  itself." 

In  contrast  to  this  we  have  another  para- 
rsph  : 

**  Among  the  many  good  deeds  we  hear 
>oken  of  with  pride  by  our  citizens,  we 
tniiot  refrain  from  mentioning  the  case  of 
[r.  F*.  James.  This  gentleman  naving  more 
krn  than  he  thought  necessary  to  last  him 
iring  tlie  siege  at  this  place,  portioned  oif 
h»t  would  do  him  for  the  brief  interval 
ijU  ^11  ensue  before  arrival  of  succor  to 
ir  iptrrison,  and  since  that  time  has  re- 
;v«<I  the  wants  of  many  families  free  of 
tAi^e.  May  he  Uve  long  and  prosper  and 


his  name  be  handed  down  to  posterity 
when  the  siege  of  Vicksburg  is  written,  as 
one  in  whose  breast  the  milk  of  human 
kindness  had  not  dried  up." 

The  spirit  of  the  times  was  perhaps  re- 
flected by  the  editor  in  the  following : 

''  We  are  indebted  to  Major  Gillespie  for 
a  steak  of  'Confederate  beef.'  We  have 
tried  it  and  can  assure  our  friends  that,  if 
it  is  rendered  necessary,  they  need  have  no 
scruples  at  eating  the  meat.  It  is  sweet, 
savory  and  tender,  and  so  long  as  we  have 
a  mule  left  we  are  satisfied  our  soldiers  will 
be  content  to  subsist  on  it." 

The  shortage  of  paper  at  that  time  is 
illustrated  by  the  fact  that  this  issue  of  the 
"Daily  Citizen"  was  published  on  the 
blank  side  of  a  roll  of  wall-paper.  [A 
sample  of  this  oddity  is  inclosed. — ^Tia£ 
Editors.] 

SOLDIERS'  READING  IN  THE 
CIVIL   WAR 

BY    WILLIAM    F.    YUST 
Lnnarian  Public  Libmry,  RocbMter,  New  York 

Tlie  splendid  work  which  is  being  done 
through  the  American  Library  Association 
in  providing  library  service  for  our  soldiers 
ana  sailors  is  in  striking  contrast  to  that 
afforded  the  soldiers  during  the  Civil  War. 
It  has  been  said  on  high  authority  tliat  no 
libraries  whatever  were  provided  for  the 
men  in  those  days,  that  nothing  of  the  kind 
has  ever  been  undertaken  in  America. 
This  statement,  however,  needs  modifi- 
cation. 

I  have  just  finished  a  period  of  three 
months'  service  as  camp  librarian  at  Camp 
Wadsworth,  Spartanburg,  South  Carolina, 
a  rare  opportunity  for  any  librarian.  For 
two  months  I  wa«  assisted  there  by  my 
father,  Fred  Yust,  a  Civil  War  veteran. 
In '  commenting  on  the  contrast  between 
tliose  days  and  these,  he  referred  to  the 
United  States  Christian  Commission. 

He  says  he  first  learned  of  this  Commis- 
sion at  Memphis,  Tennessee,  in  the  sum- 
mer of  1863.  They  had  a  reading-room 
there  in  the  city  where  the  soldiers  could 
obtain  newspapers  and  books.  He  drew  a 
history  of  the  patriarchs.  As  this  was  not 
in  great  demand,  he  was  allowed  to  take  it 
wiUk  him,  and  has  kept  it  in  his  possession 
to  this  day. 

An  investigation  of  the  records  in  the 
Library  of  Congress  reveale<l  considerable 
material  relating  to  thb  Christian  Commis- 
sion. On  November  16, 1861,  a  convention 
of  delegates  from  various  Young  Men's 
Christian  Associations  was  held  in  New 
York.  They  appointed  twelve  commission- 
ers, who  organized  in  Washington  and 
maintained  headquarters,  in  New  York 
throughout  the  war. 

Their  first  appeal  to  the  people  at  home 
was  for  religious  newspapers,  the  soldiers' 
own  family  denominational  papers.  A 
pam]>hlet  ({escribing  the  activities  of  the 
Commission  and  appealing  for  various 
articles  for  the  soldiers  outlines  "  What  to 
Send."  One  of  the  headings  is  as  follows  : 

"Stimulants:  Good  brandy,  Madeira 
wine,  port  wine,  cordials. 

"  Domestic  wines  are  excellent  in  winter, 
apt  to  spoil  in  summer. 

"  Good  reading  matter.  Send  no  trash. 
Soldiers  deserve  the  best  A  library  is  a 
valuable  hygienic  appliance.  For  ihe  able- 
bodied,  good  publications  are  mental  and 
spiritual  food.  For  convalescents,  lively, 
interesting  Inioks,  the  inonUilieH,  the  picto- 
rials, works  of  art,  wience,  and  litei-ature, 
as  well   as  thoxe  for  moral  and  spiritual 


culture,  such  as  you  would  put  into  tiie 
hands  of  a  brother  recovering. 

"  Stationery  is  much  needed — paper, 
•  envelopes,  and  pencils." 

Of  course  "  good  reading  matter  "  was 
only  one  of  the  many  things  provided.  And 
yet  it  was  an  impoilant  item  systematically 
manage<l.  Lists  of  available  books  were 
printed  and  monthly  reports  were  made. 
These  reports  consisted  of  a  statistical  table 
and  illustrative  incidents.  The  table  showed 
tiie  author  and  title  of  each  book,  the  num- 
ber of  times  it  was  drawn,  or  if  it  had  re- 
mained on  the  shelf  or  had  been  lost. 

Most  of  the  books  were  of  a  religions 
character,  but  one  of  die  printed  catalogues 
of  125  books  included  the  following : 

Beecher — Lectures      to  HotJcer — Chemintry. 

Yonng  Men.  Hooker — NatntalPmlos- 
firowii's  roneonUtnce.  ophy. 

Bryant-^-Seleotioiw  from  Booker — Physiology. 

American  Poets.  Irving — ('olnmbuii. 

Banyan— Pilgrim 'aProg-  Irving — Sketch-Book. 

rem.  Lamb  —  Tales  from 
Clay,    Henry  —  (biogra-        Shakespeare. 

phy).  Mayhew  —  Boyhood  of 
Colton— AniericanSchool       Slartin  Lather. 

Qecgmphy.  Milton — Paradise  Lost. 

Creasy  —  Decisive    Bat-  Scott — Ivanhoe. 

ties.  Scott  —  Lady  of  the 
Defoe— Robinson  Crusoe.        Lake. 

Ooodrich  —  Olauce     at  Stowe  —  Unde     Tom's 

Philosophy.  Cabin. 

Goodrivh  —  Glance      at  Histories    of     EWlaiid, 

Science.  Rome,  Greece.  France. 

Halleck     —    Selections  Webster,  Daniel — (biog- 

from  British  Poets.  raphy). 

Hallock— Uarian  Page.  Welb— Geology. 

Of  the  125,  seventeen  were  in  German, 
one  Swe<lish,  one  French.  Publishers  of 
about  75  first-class  newspapers  and  maga- 
zines agreed  to  supply  the  Army  and  Navy 
at  half  of  the  regular  subscription  price. 

Tliat  this  work  of  supplying  proper  reatl- 
ing  to  Uie  soldiers  was  appreciated  by  tlie 
officers  as  well  as  by  the  men  is  atteste<l  by 
numerous  letters.  Here  is  one  from  Major- 
General  J.  M.  Palmer,  Army  of  the  Cum- 
berland, to  Chaplain  J.  C.  Tnonuu,  "  Gen- 
eral Reading  Agent :" 

"  I  have  examined  your  '  Reading  Sys- 
tem for  the  Array  and  Navy '  witii  great 
interest  and  attention  ;  and  am  satisfied 
that  notliing  yet  devised  is  so  well  adapted 
to  the  end  proposed. 

"  Every  reflecting  man  connected  with 
the  Army  has  long  felt  the  importance  to 
the  country  of  keeping  the  officers  and  men 
composing  it  in  as  intimate  relations  as 
possible  with  home  life  and  home  influ- 
ence ;  of  surrounding  them  vrith  accus- 
tomed moral  and  intefiectual  helps  as  well 
as  restraints  ;  that  they  may  be  prepared 
at  once  tcT^return  to  the  duties  of  peace 
when  done  witii  war.  If  is  possible,  I  am 
persuaded,  to  associate  religious  and  moral 
growth  and  development  with  military 
service ;  and  your  system  for  the  supply 
of  proper  reatfing  will,  when  employed,  lie 
found  an  admirable  agency  in  producing 
that  result." 

The  United  States  Christian  Commis- 
sion closed  its  labors  January  1, 1866.  Its 
final  rei^ort  gives  the  following  summary  of 
its  activities  for  1862-5  : 

Delegates  commissioned 4.IC>n 

Aggregate  days  of  service  rendered, . . .        IHlj.Vi'i 
Boxes  of  stores  and  publicntions  distrib- 
uted   ...._. iW.iWi 

Bibles,  Testaments,    and     portions    of 

Scripture  distributwl l,-k)»l."4H 

Hymn  and  psalm  liooks 1  .;»7ii,!'.V< 

Knapsack  nooks  in  paper  and  Brxible 

covers t*,:«)S.(l,VJ  . 

Bound  Ubrary  liooks rlL''*'." 

Magazines  and  piimplilet^ 7<>T.H(U 

Ueligions    weekly   and    monthly   ncwa- 

papera .' 18.r.1i.(i(>L> 

Pages  of  tmotn .VJ,llM,-.'l;i 

*'  Silent  Citmforter,"  etc H.r»7'/' 

Sermons  preached  by  deIegHleJ...v^r^^.  77.744 

Letters  written  by  delegates. .    . .  I. .  ^j^. .  "I'i'-;' J  (> 

Digiiized  by  VtiVJ^^VlC 


301 


THE  OUTLOOK 


WEEKLY  OUTLINE  STUDY  OF 
CURRENT  HISTORY 

BY  J.  MADISON  GATHANY.  A.M. 

BOPB  STKBET  HIGH  SCHOOL,  PROVIDBNCK.  «.  I. 

Based  on  The  Outlook  of  October  16, 1918 

Bach  w««k  an  OntliiM  Stndr  of  Current  History  bond  on  the  preceding  number  of  llie  Ontlook  will 
l>e  printed  for  the  benefit  of  current  erents  olaaaes,  debating  oluba,  teachers  of  history  and  of  English,  and 
the  like,  and  for  ose  in  the  home  and  by  saoh  individual  readers  as  may  desira  niggeations  in  the  serious 
study  of  current  history, — Thk  Editors, 

f  rhose  who  are  using  the  weekly  outline  should 
not  attempt  to  oorer  the  whole  of  an  outline  in  any 
one  lesson  or  study.  Assign  for  one  lesson  seleoted 
-questions,  one  or  two  propositioas  for  disonsrion, 
aoA  only  such  words  as  are  found  in  the  material 
sssigned.  Or  distribute  seleoted  questions  among 
different  members  of  the  daas  or  group  and  haTe 
them  report  thmr  findings  to  all  when  s—omhlod. 
Then  have  all  discuss  the  qncstionB  together.] 


I — INTKRNATIONAI.    A7FAIB8 

Topie:  Giermany's  Effort  to  Elsci^  De> 

feat;  The  German  Government  aiul 

the  German  People  ;  Surrender — Not 

Promised  but  Actual. 

Reference  :  Page  241 ;  editorial,  page  247. 

Qiiestums : 

Note.^Not  less  than  two  or  three  lessons 
should  be  devoted  to  a  discussion  of  this 
very  important  topic.  Bead  carefully  every 
wora  of  the  German  Chancellor's  commu- 
nication and  the  President's  reply  in  this 
first  exchange  of  communications  about  a 
possible  armistice. 

1.  Does  the  Chancellor's  proposal  commit 
Germany  to  anydung  except  a  discussion  of 
President  Wilson's  prmrramme  of  January 
8,1918?  Discuss  freefy.  2.  The  Outlook 
is  keenly  disappointed  in  the  President's 
reply.  What  are  its  reasons?  3.  Are  yon 
pleased  and  satisfied  with  the  reply  ?  Tell 
why.  4  Show  that  the  reply  is  "  subject  to 
varied  interpretations."  Give  reasons  why 
this  is  or  is  not  nnf  ortunate.  5.  Is  the  sole 
purpose  of  Germany's  peace  proposal  a 
negotiated  peace?  If  so,  could  anything  be 
more  unsatisfactory  than  such  a  purpose  ? 
Reasons.  6.  If  the  President  should  be 
willing  to  discuss  terms  of  peace  with  Ger- 
many, could  be  be  charged  with  parleying 
with  Prussianism  ?  7.  Is  there  any  eviaence 
in  what  official  Germany  has  said  that  indi- 
cates th^t  she  is  willing  and  ready  to  accept 
without  discussion  peace  on  President  WH- 
son's  terms  ?  Is  she  convinced  that  she  will 
have  to  accept  our  terms  ?  8.  According  to 
The  Outlook,  when  will  victory  actually  be 
won  (page  247)  ?  9.  Discuss  tne  real  dan- 
ger in  allowing  the  German  armies  to 
withdraw  from  foreign  soil  intact.  In  your 
opinion,  does  President  Wibon  sanction 
such  a  thing?  10.  Has  this  war  destroyed 
the  German  spirit  of  pillage,  plunder,  and 
murder?  Give  proof.  11.  Would  it  be 
democratic  to  place  all  Germany  under  a 
receivership  ?  Explain  what  such  a  re- 
ceivership would  mean.  12.  Have  you  read 
"The  Soul  of  Germany,"  by  T.  F.  A. 
Smith  (Doran),  "  The  Land  of  Deepening 
Shadow,"  by  D.  T.  Curtin  (Doran),  and 
"  The  War  and  After,"  by  Sir  Oliver  Lodge 
(Doran)  ? 

n — FOEEIGN  AFFAIRS 

•  Topic  :  A  Tuming-Point  in  Japan. 
Reference :  Page  244. 
Questions  : 

1.  Wliat  information  does  The  Outlook 
give  about  the  new  Japanese  Prime  Minis- 


ter ?  2.  What  does  it  tell  us  about  civil 
government  in  Japan?  3.  Explain  tlie 
meaning  of  the  following  terms  found  in 
this  reference  :  "  Reactionary,"  "  bureau- 
cracy," "  liberal  constructionists,"  "  party 
government."  4.  Give  briefly  the  busts  about 
''  nearly  three  decades  of  struggle  between 
bureaucracy  and  liberalism  in  Japan. 
6.  Is  there  sufficient  evidence  to  warrant  the 
belief  that  eventually  all  governments  will 
be  liberal  and  responsible? 

m — SATIOKAL  AFFAIB8 

A.  Topic  :  Preparing  for  tlie  Future. 
Reference :  Page  242.  . 
Questions: 

L  What  is  the  "  interesting  and  impor- 
tant question"  the  proposed  commission 
is  to  investigate?  2.  Why  interesting? 
Why  important?  3.  Which  of  the  two  pro- 
posed bills,  the  Weeks  or  the  Overman,  do 
yon  favor?  Give  reasons.  4.  Has  our  Gov- 
ernment been  in  the  habit  of  "  meeting  so 
&r  as  possible  . . .  problems  and  conditions 
before  their  solution  "  has  been  "  actually 
forced  upon "  it  ?  fixplain  your  answer. 
5.  Give  several  reasons  why  this  would  be 
an  excellent  habit  for  our  Grovemment  to 
establish. 

B.  Topic:  The  Congressional  Election. 
Reference :  Editori^,  pages  248,  249. 
Questions : 

1.  What  is  the  connection  between  the 
first  six  paragraphs  of  this  editorial  and 
our  comine  Congressional  election?  Ex- 
plain. 2.  Restate  and  discuss  the  meaning 
of  democracy  as  set  forth  by  The  Outlook. 
3.  Make  clear  how  our  next  Congress  may 
"  do  much  to  nullify  the  sacrifices  of  our 
soldiers  in  the  field.'  4.  What  is  meant  by 
quasi-Constitutional  questions?  Name  some 
such  questions  that  will  have  to  be  settled 
when  this  war  ends.  5.  What,  according  to 
The  Outlook,  are  tlie  types  of  men  who  have 
no  place,  and  the  only  kind  that  have  a 
place,  in  our  next  Congress  ?  Discuss  the 
voter's  responsibility  in  reference  to  the 
new  Congress. 

IV — PROPOSITION'S  FOR   DISCUSSION 
(Theee  propositions  are  suggested  directly  or  indi- 
rectly by  the  Bnbject-iuatter  of  The  Uatlook,  but 
not  discussed  in  it.) 

1.  Germany  is  no  more  democratic  now 
than  she  was  in  1914.  2.  German  teachings 
are  more  dangerous  than  German  armies. 
3.  Democracy  is  government  by  public 
opinion. 

V — ^VOCABULARY  BUIIJ>INO 
(All  of  the  following  words  and  ezpresmons  are 
found  in  The  Uatlook  for  October  16,  1918.  Both 
before  and  after  looking  them  up  in  the  dictionary  or 
elsewhere,  give  their  meaning  in  your  oton  umrds. 
The  figures  in  parentheses  refer  to  pages  on  which 
the  words  may  be  found.) 

Premier,  purview  (244)  ;  bipartisan,  ini- 
tiate (242);  political  power,  pohtical  liberty, 
doctrinaires  (248). 


A  booklet  atiggesling  methods  qf  using  the  Weekly  Outline  <if  Current  History  will  be  tent  on  application 


Dr.  J.  H.  ladan  ot  Dmrtr,  Colaadii,  k 
COS  of  tfas  most  widely  known  OMttal 
nlonam  bx  the  United  SUtes.  He  is  tlis 
editor  of  "Pliikaopliy  of  HcaMli."  Hlsia- 
poittnt  wocka  an  **  Disesass  of  Woaaa 
snd  Kuv  Cliildblitt;"  "Food,"  SvsL; 
"Oononiies  and  SypidUe;"  "ApnBtici- 
tis;"  "Cholen  In&ntam ;"  "TntuU 
Fever ;"  "  Impaired  Health,  Ite  CanaeeBd 
Ciu«,"3vol.,etc. 

"Spanish  Influenza" 

Everyone  should  know  when  and  whattotat, 
for  when  an  epidemic  such  as  Spanish  IrA^ 
enza  appears,  those  who  have  lived  propei); 
will  have  power  to  resist  disease  in^nellc^ 
Those  who  are  enervated  from  wrong  habi'j 
and  who  become  sick  should  know  the  dangr 
of  eating  imder  such  circumstances.  For  i:- 
formation  read 

The  Pocket 
DIETITIAN 

by  Dr.  J.  H.  Tilden,  who  depends  entireiy 
upon  diet  and  correcting  of  habits  to  relir' 
and  cure  his  patients  of  their  varyingailmenu 

Eating  correctly  and  taking  proper  care  c. 
the  body  will  keep  those  well  who  irt .: 
health  or  allow  the  body  to  right  itself  afu- 
it  has  been  forced  out  of  normality  by  wrwi 
eating  and  wrong  life  in  generaL  "THl 
POCKET  DIETITIAN  ''^is  in  the  sfwi 
of  the  times.  It  will  teach  you  bow  to  lir^ 
give  you  an  idea  of  the  real  cause  of  distis 
and  how  to  side-step  it.  It  is  crowded  wii*. 
hints  as  to  proper  food  combinations,  dcob 
for  people  in  all  walks  of  life, 

Man  to  be  well  must  be  separated  from  Is 
bad  habits  that  enervate,  after  which  lost 
energy  is  returned  and  full  health  restonc 
and  maintained  by  right  eating.  The  W; 
will  stay  normal  if  propwrly  cared  for,  at' 
when  sick,  nothing  cures  except  nature  ai<l«: 
by  the  correction  of  bad  habits. 

"THE  POCKET  DIETITIAN"  is  &tiw« 
to  be  one  of  the  most  popular  books  on  dietpc'' 
lished.  Price  only  $1.00  (100-page  vdume.p-**'' 
size,  flexible  leather  cover);  it  is  worth  a  busise- 
to  some,  and  life  to  others.  Send  check,  owe' 
order  or  currency  for  it  without  delay.  Addre- 
Department "  I'D-2." 

Philosophy  of  Health 

DENVER,  COLORADO 


Digitized  by  VJ^^VJV  IV^ 


1918 


THE   OUTLOOK 


305 


How  many  birds  get 
through  your  shot  patterns? 


Thr  n'hirkr'ler  patlem,  320  peUfU,  out  o/ 
<i  iiouiUr'431,  or  74 fa  at  Ihe  that  charge, 
ereidy  iHitribuled.    Jfo  hiriU  gel  through 


IT  is  not  enough  to  know  that  your 
shells  shoot  hard,  that  they  are  sure 
fire  and  water-proofed.  Jfs  the  pattern 
that  counts. 

The  secret  of  good  patterns  is  in  the 
■wadding.  Good,  close  shooting,  evenly 
distributed  patterns  are  the  direct  result 
of  a  correct  system  of  wadding  scientific- 
ally adjusted  to  the  bore  of  your  gun. 

The  wadding,  like  the  piston  head  of  a 
gas  engine,  must  give  the  explosion  some- 
thing solid  to  work  against  so  that  the 
shot  may  be  pushed  out  evenly. 

It  must  expand  and  fill  the  tube  of 
the  barrel,  completely  sealing  in  the  gas 
behind  it.  No  gas  must  escape  to  scatter 
the  shot 

It  must  offer  just  the  right  amount 
of  resistance  to  the  explosion  so  as  to 
develop  uniform  pressure  and  high  velocity 
without  danger  of  jamming  the  pellets 
out  of  shape  at  the  "  choke  "  or  muzzle 
constriction. 

The  illustrations  at  the  side  of  this  page 
show  actual  test  patterns,  as  high  as  oS% 
faulty,  the  result  of  poor  wadding. 

The  Winchester  system 

The  Winchester  System  of  Wadding  is 
the  result  of  repeated  experiments  to 
determine  the  most  efficient  control  of 
the  gas  blast. 

The  special  construction  of  the  Base 
Wad  gives  what  is  known  as  Progressive 
Combustion  to  the  powder  charge. 

Combustion  spreads  instantly  through 
the  powder  charge.  By  the  time  the  top 
grains  of  powder  become  ignited  the  full 
energy  of  the  burning  powder  behind  is  at 
work.  Though  the  explosion  is  almost 
instantaneous,  it  is  none  the  le^s  Progres- 
sive, the  final  energy  and  maximum  velocity 
of  the  completely  bunietl  ix)wder  being  de- 
veloped at  the  muzzle,  where  it  is  neeued. 


Meanwhile,  under  the  heat  of  combus- 
tion, the  tough,  springy  Driving  W<id  lias 
expanded  to-  fill  the  barrel  snugly  all 
round.  No  gas  escapes.  It  is  completely 
sealed  in.  The  wadding  pushes  up  the 
shot  evenly. 

At  the  muzzle  the  shot  pellets  slip  out 
without  jamming  while  the  wadding  is 
checked  for  a  brief  interval  by  the  con- 
striction of  the  muzzle.  It  follows  some 
distance  behind  the  shot  pattern. 

The  shot  cluster  travels  on,  unbroken 
by  gas  blast  or  wadding,  and  makes  the 
hard-hitting,  uniform  pattern  for  which 
Winchester  shot  shells  are  world  famous. 

Fish'  Tail  Flash.  All  Wincbester  smokeless  shells 
are  made  with  the  new  Winchester  No.  4  Primer — the 
quickest  and  most  powerful  shot  shell  primer  made. 
Its  broad  Jith-tail  flash  gives  instant  and  thorough 
ignition.  Every  grain  of  powder  is  completely  burned 
up  before  the  shot  charge  leaves  the  monle. 

The  Crimp,  The  required  degree  of  pressure  neces- 
sary in  seating  the  driving  wads  is  worked  out  in 
combination  with  the  hardness  or  the  softness  of  the 
crimping  required  for  any  particular  shell. 

Water -proofing  and  Lubrication.  In  the  cold 
damp  air  of  the  marshes  or  under  the  blazing  sun  at 
the  traps,  Winchester  shells  will  always  play  tnir. 
Winchester  water  -  proofing  process  prevents  them 
from  swelling  from  dampness.  Special  lubrication  of 
the  paper  fibres  prevents  brittleness  and  "  splitting  "  in 
dry  weather. 

Uniform  Shells.  From  primer  to  crimp,  Win- 
chester shells  are  constructed  to  insure  the  nutximuni 
pattern  possible  from  any  load  and  under  all  condi- 
tions. 25,000,000  rounds  of  ammunition  are  fired  every 
year  in  testing  Winchester  gnus  and  ammunition. 
$100,000  is  spent  annually  in  the  inspection  and  testing 
of  finished  shot  shells  alone. 

Clean  hits  and  more  of  them 

To  insure  more  bits  and  cleaner  hits  in  the  field  or 
at  the  traps  be  sure  your  shells  are  Winchester  Leader 
and  Repeater  for  Smokeless  :  Nublack  and  New  Kival 
for  Black  Powder.  Write  for  our  Free  Booklet  on 
Shells.  Winchester  Repeating  Arms  Co., 
Dept.  021,  New  Haven,  Conn.,  V.  S.  A. 


World  Staiula^  Gana  and  Amnmmiti«H 


Bjfert  0/  bad  tomUng  «/  tcadUng 
ittcreata  breech  prrtmrr.  We- 
lenee  a/  exploiHm  "  jamt "  awl 
mvHIalet  pelUU.  Actual  teM  largrt 
160  peUelM,  out  iff  a  poaaU 
431,  or  31%- of  the  thol  charge 


Effect  o/trenk  wadding  pierced  by  the 
gat  blatt.  The  httut  btote*  into  the  *hot 
elMtler,  tcalteriun  the  yrllrU  in  all  dlrer- 
ttoiu.Loic  retocttii  ami  poor  prHetration. 
Actmit  lent  Uuget  ITS  peileU,  ouio/  a 
pMOte  431,  or  4l<f,  o/lh»  ehot  charge 


Effect  of  hard  wadding  /Uttntj  barret 
looaeitt.  t'nchecked  fry  /rirtiim  or 
mtnttf  rhftke,  it  it  bloim  thrutitth  the 
thot  r/ii-'ter,  tcaltering  the  thfit. 
.icttint  I'M  target  :'2tpelleU,  Ofil  o/ a 
pottiltir  -l^iJ,  ftr  Xl^  of  the  shot  charge 


Digitizedby  Va^^^^Vl 


306 


THE   OUTLOOK 


23  Oclober 


War-Time  Production 

r'TDUSTRY,  in  its  terrific  endeavor  to  snpply  sufficient  material  for 
those  who  fi^t  and  for  the  non-combatants,  too,  must  depend  on 
a  depleted  man  power  au^ented  by  women  workers.  That  con- 
tented labor  produces  more  and  better  wovk  is  conceded.  To  this 
end  wise  industrial  heads  improve  sanitary  conditions  with  better 
plumbing  and  cleaner  surrounding  in  the  wash  rooms.  This  is  a 
necessity,  and  especially  so  now  that  women  constitute  so  lar^  a 
percental  of  factory  labor. 

"Factory  Sanitation*' 


is  a  book  &11  of  sng^eations  in  the  line 
of  sanitary  needs.  It  is  sent  free  on  re- 
quest to  executives  and  managers. 
^tandanT  Plumbing  Fixtures — for  Bath, 
Kitchen  and  Laundry— are  described  in 
a  separate  catalog 
The  completeness  of  ^S^tatuIaiHr  service 


is  a  reliance  to  any  niannfkctnrer.  It  is 
valuable,  not  only  regarding  factory 
needs,  bnt  in  the  ^reat.  housing  problem 
with  which  so  many  industrial  heads 
are  confronted. 

If  you  intend  to  build,  remodel  or  install 
new  fixtures,  write  for  these  books. 


Wholesale  Houses 

In  tha  dtle*  naikad  thus  (*) 
at  tlia  bottom  of  this  pate 
there  ara  'StandanT  Whole. 
•ale  HoDM*  catryinft  in 
•tack  complete  lion  or 

Snpplies  and  Took 

tbr  Mil*,  >Iinea  and  Fao- 
toriaa— aUo  the  Water,  Gaa, 
Steam  and  Oil  Industrieft, 
Write  to,  or  call  upon  the 
neareat  wholesale  house  of 

Standard  Sanitary 
Mfg.  Co. 


Standard  ^SattitaKslDg.  Co.,  Pittsbiu^ 

Parmanent  Ezhibits  In  Thase  Ciliee . 


NCWVOnt SB  W.  SIST 

HGWY0RK(EX.  OCPT. > . . •  BO  BROAO 

NEW  YORK  WAREHOUSE 

SeTH  ST.  ft  11TH  AVE, 

BOSTON laS  DeVONSHHIE 

BOST-NWAREH'Se  122aRANITEST. 

PHHJkOELPHIA. 121B  WALNUT 

WASMNQTON SOUTHERN  BLDO. 

•PITTSeUROH 4SC-44e  WATER 

PfTTSaumH lOS  SIXTH 

piTT8aunaH.«a7s-ss7B  penh  ave. 

PITTSeunOH SI2  SECOND  AVE. 

'CHICAOO 14-80  N.  PEORIA 

*BT.  LOUIS BIO  N.  SECOND 

E.  ST.  LOUn.  t  B  COU.INSV«J.E  AVE. 

'CLEVELAND 440Q  EUCUO 

CINCINNATI ess  WALNUT 

*TOLEDO S1|.S2t   ERIE 

*COLUMBU8 248-2BB  8.  THIRD 

'CANTON 110*  2ND  ST.  N.  E. 

•T0UNa8T0WN....4BS  W.  FEDERAL 


'WHEELING ai2o-aojAcoe 

'ERIE 1 2a  W.  TWELFTH 

■ALTOONA «IB   I1TH 

'MILWAUKEE (S  W.  WATER  ST, 

SAN  FRANCISCO.. 14e-SB  SLUXOME 

LOa  ANOELES S7t  MESQUIT 

•LOUSVILLE 8t«W.  MAIN 

HUNTtNOTON 

SECOND  AVE.  a  TENTH  ST. 

•NASHVILLE 81  S  TENTH  AVE.  S. 

•NEW  ORLEANS a4SBAR0NNE 

•HOUSTON PRESTON  •  SMITH 

•DALLAS 1 200- t20B  JACKSON 

•SANANTONK) 212  LOSOYA 

•FORT  WORTH.. ..S2S-S80M0HR0E 

KANSAS  CITY RIDOE  ARCADE 

•TORONTO,  CAN...BS  E.  RICHMOND 
•HAMILTON,  CAN... 20  W.  JACKSON 
DETROIT  OFFKE. .  .HAMMOND  BLOQ. 
CHICAOO  OFFKIE KARPEN  ELDQ. 


rs 


The  Outlook  for  November  6  will  be  a 

Special  Publishers'  Number 

containing  book  articles,  a  review  of  new  books, 
and  publishers'  announcements.  Advertising  copy 
for  this  issue  must  reach  us  not  later  than  October 
26.  The  issue  of  December  4  will  contain  further 
reviews  of  books  issued  during  the  present  season. 


A   PROLETARIAT   PRAYER 

BY  DON  C.  SEITZ 

O  God  on  high,  no  more  create 
Tlie  eartlily  monsters  called  the  Great ! 
Suai-e  us,  O  Lord,  from  those  who  deign 
To  sit  on  thrones  and  o'er  aa  reign  ; 
Or  who  in  splendor  and  in  greea 
Consume  what  shonld  the  millions  feed  ; 
Before  whose  might  in  dumb  appeal 
Hie  hapless,  boneless,  humble,  KneeL 
They  have  no  place  in  thy  g;reat  plan 
Where  man  stands  eye  to  eye  with  num. 
The  gluttons,  who  for  fame  or  gold 
Have  brought  us  evils  manifold, — 
Casb  them  no  more,  and  leave  us  free 
Aa  men  and  brothers  ought  to  be  1 

SHALL  WE  LET  GERMANY 

ROT? 

I  came  across  a  man  the  other  day  with 
whom  three  years  ago  I  had  had  an  argo- 
ment.  I  had  not  tlien  been  able  to  persuade 
him  tliat  it  was  the  manifest  duty  of  our 
country  to  declare  war  on  Germany.  Now 
his  views  have  chang^ed  completely,  ami 
nothing  satisfies  him  but  that  Giemuuiy  ami 
her  alhes  after  the  war  should  be  kept  in 
a  sort  of  national  prison  camp:  Let  Ger- 
many rot,  he  says. 

There  is  an  old  but  immortal  story  told 
of  an  unfortunate  who  fell  among  thieves. 
They  robbed  him,  wounded  him,  and  left 
luin  by  tlie  wayside  half  dead. 

Two  veiy  respectable  men  saw  him  lyint; 
there  and  let  him  lie.  Anotlier  traveler, 
passing  that  way,  stopped,  stanched  his 
wounds,  took  him  on  nis  own  beast,  and 
cared  for  him. 

It  coHts  something  to  "help  any  one  in 
sore  need  of  help.  To  help  a  nation  fallen 
among  thieves  may  seem  an  impossible 
tank,  but  the  glory  of  our  time  lies  in  th« 
fact  tliat  everywhere  tlie  impossibilities  of 
the  past  are  fast  becoming  the  actualities  of 
the  present.  Germany  ought  not  to  be  left 
to  rot ;  but,  more,  she  cannot  be. 

Ambassador  Jusserand's  fine  definition 
of  the  Allies'  aim  will  stand :  ^  Not  to 
destroy  Gennani/,  bnt  Germanism," 

Any  peace  made  till  tliat  is  done  would 
be  betrayal  of  tlie  dead  and  dishonor  of  the 
living.  But  that  is  not  leaving  Grermaay  to 
rot ;  only  unpardonable  folly  would  leave 
Germany  to  rot. 

Rot  in  one  nation  in  time  means  poison  for 
all  nations.  Rot  is  infectious.  Rot  must  Iw 
cut  out,  not  left  in  to  fester  and  breed  dMitlu 

This  is  the  purpose  of  our  people.  To  do 
this  at  any  cost  tliey  have  h^hly  resolveiL 
For  this  they  are  subordinating  politics  and 
party. 

Democracy  is  a  bigger  and  a  holier  thin^ 
than  we  thought  Democracy  is  brother- 
hood or  it  is  the  last  and  worst  of  shaois. 

Democracy  sees  all  men  of  like  nassiou 
and  of  one  blood.  It  believes  in  all,  it 
works  for  alL  It  will  take  risks,  it  will  suffer 
for  all ;  and  it  will  never,  never  leave  u 
the  servitude  of  the  lie  millions  of  its 
fellow-men  to  rot,  not  even  German  men. 

Germany  lias  fallen  among  thieves — nrui 
hjinq  thieves  at  that.  She  is  sufferiiur.  a* 
Professor  Gilbert  Murray  has  said,  "  irmo 
the  murderous  and  corrupting  power  of  di* 
organized  lie." 

To  deliver  her  will  take  time  and  mar 
cost  much ;  but  for  our  own  sake  as  wiell  a* 
for  her  sake  we  must  deliver  her.  In  ibr 
interests  of  civilization  tlie  one  thin^r  th* 
Allied  nations  cannot  do  is  to  put  her  behind 
a  fence,  she  and  her  allies  and  slaves,  ojW 
leave  them  to  rot.      W.  S.  Raiksford. 

Ridgefielcl,  Connecticut. 


Digitized  by  VJ 


oogle 


1918 


THE   OUTLOOK 


307 


THE  FRANKUN  CAR 

And  the  Present-Day  Standard  of  Motor  Car  Service 


Frequently  special  conditions  give  new 
significance  to  old  facts.  And  now  is  the 
time  when  conditions  give  added  impor-^ 
tance  to  the  long  established  economy 
fects  of  the  Franklin  Car — a  steady  day- 
by-day  delivery  of 

20  miles  to  the  gallon  of  gasoline — 

instead  of  the  usual  10 

10,000  miles  to  the  set  of  tires — 

instead  of  the  usual  5,000 

For  when  the  Nation  is  geared  to 
tremendous  effort,  the  aid  of  an  efficient 
automobile  can  do  much  to  bring  about 
the  vitally  necessaiy  economy  of  gasoline 
and  tires. 

The  simple  Franklin  facts  speak  for 
themselves. 

If  all  cars  were  as  efficient  as  the 
Franklin,  on  the  basis  of  its  daily  per- 
formance, the  automobile  owners  of  the 
country  would  save  this  year  400,000,000 
gallons  of  gasoline  and  would  cut  their 
tire  bills  >  192,000,000. 


For  sixteen  years  the  Franklin  Car  has 
delivered  an  economy  consistently  ahead 
of  the  times.  Besides  this  performance  in 
the  hands  of  owners,  it  has  won  every 
prominent  official  economy  test  ever  held. 

Moreover,the  Franklin  depreciates  50% 
slower  than  the  average  car — an  important 
fact  today  when  conditions  demand  that 
motor  cars  give  longer  service  than  ever 
before. 

.  Its  ability  to  render  this  remarkable 
economy  and  long  life  is  due  to  engineering 
principles  involving  the  simplicity  of  Direct 
Air  Cooling,  Light  Weight  and  Resilient 
Construction,  as  opposed  to  water  cooling, 
heavy  weight  and  rigid  construction. 

The  Franklin  Car  delivers  a  war-time 
motoring  service  simply  because  the 
Franklin  Company  has  held  true  to  the 
principle  that  the  main  object  in  owning 
an  automobile  is  transportation,  with  the 
greatest  comfort,  safety  and  reliability — 
at  the  least  expense. 


FRANKLIN   AUTOMOBILE   COMPANY,  SYRACUSE,  N.  Y. 

Orders  for  Franklin  Cars  for  post-war  delix'ery  will 
be  filled  in  the  order  of  their  receipt  by  our  dealers. 

'  Too  ou  toll  >  ml  pMiiot  by  the  w*7  he  work*-FuU-tlnM  work  b)r  bo(h  MnplOTen  *od  wiga  mrnera  will  win  the  wmr."— W.  B.  Witoon,  U.  S.  Serretarr  of  I^bor. 


Digitized  by  VJ^^VJ 


gle 


308 


THE   OUTLOOK 


How  to  Get  What 
You  Want 

A  Remarkable  System  of  Personal  Efficiency 

Taogbt  by  Dr.  Orison  S  wett  Marden,  die  world's  greatest  inspirational 

writer,  who  has  helped  thousands  of  discouraged 

men  and  women  to  brilliant  success 


No  matter  what  you  want — whether 
it   be   wealth,    power,    position, 
fame,  health,  friendship,  or  any  kind 
of  material  success — it  is 
no    longer    necessary    for 
you  to  grope  for  it  blindly, 
unce^ainly,    wasting   your 
energy  and  brain  power  in 
an  unequal  struggle  against 
circumstance  and  environ- 
ment. 

There  is  a  sure  and  cer- 
tain way  of  reaching  your 
goal,  of  attaining  your  de- 
sires, of  realizing  your  am- 
bitions. There  has  been 
worked  out  for  your  guid- 
ance a  definite  plan  of  action  which  if  fol- 
lowed intelligently  will  put  you  oo  the  road 
to  assured  success.  So  clear,  so  simple,  so 
explicit  are  the  instructions  that  anyone  can 
p;rasp  their  meaning  quickly  and  put  them 
into  practice.  A  single  hour  devoted  to  (heir 
study  may  change  the  course  of  your  whole 
life.  Many  a  man  who  had  thought  himself 
possessed  of  only  moderate  ability — yes, 
many  a  self-confessed  failure — has  suddenly 
found  himself  a  new  man  mentally  and 
spiritually,  with  a  wonderful  new  power  of 
accomplisnment,  new  courage,  new  ambition 
and  new  opportunities  for  success,  simply 
by  following  the  suggestions  given  him  by 
Dr.  Orison  Swett  Marden. 

What  Great  Men  Say 
About  Dr.  Marden's  Teachings 

Theodore  Roosevelt  says:  "I  am  so 
deeply  touched  and  pleased  with  your  edi- 
torial in  'Success'  tnat  I  must  write  and 
tell  you  so." 

Charles  M.  Schwab  says:  "Dr.  Mar- 
den's writings  have  had  much  to  do  with 
my  success. 

John  Wanamaker  says;  "  I  would,  if  it 
had  been  necessary,  have  been  willing  to 
have  gone  without  at  least  one  meal  a  day 
to  buy  one  of  the  Marden  books." 

Lord  Northcliffe  says:  "I  believe 
Dr.  Marden's  writings  will  be  of  immense 
assistance  to  all  young  men." 

Judge  Ben  B.  Lindsey  says:  "  Dr.  Mar- 
den is  one  of  the  wonders  of  our  time.  I 
personally  feel  under  a  debt  of  obligation  to 
him  for  his  marvelous  inspiration  and  help." 

When  such  men  as  these,  and  a  host  of 
others  too  numerous  to  mention,  have  felt 
so  strongly  the  debt  of  gratitude  they  owe 
this  man  that  they  have  not  hesitated  to 
acknowledge  it  in  writing,  surely  you  also 
can  be  helped  to  develop  your  latent  powers, 
to  fill  a  lar  ger  place  in  the  world,  to  make  a 
new  success  of  your  life. 

There  is  nothing  mysterious  or  difficult 


Dr.  OrlMD  Swett  Marden 


about  Dr.  Marden's  teachings.  They 
are  clear,  direct,  personal.  You  will 
recognize  their  truth  and  their  value 
to  you  as  soon  as  you  read 
them.  And  that  they  may 
have  wide  distribution 
throughout  the  world  they 
have  been  put  into  a  book 
called  "  How  to  Get  What 
You  Want  "  (instead  of 
into  an  expensive  mail-order 
course  costing  from  ^20  to 
i^SO)  so  that  they  are  within 
easy  reach  of  everyone  who 
reads  this  announcement. 
And  then  there  is  The 
New  Success — Marden's 
Magazine,  which  every  ambitious  man  and 
woman  should  read  in  connection  with  the 
book,  as  it  is  brim-full  of  the  success  idea 
and  carries  Dr.  Marden's  inspiring  message 
to  thousands  every  month.  By  special  ar- 
rangement both  tlie  book  and  an  ei^ht 
months'  trial  subscription  to  the  magazine 
can  now  be  secured  for  only  $2.  Nor  is  it 
necessary  that  you  risk  a  single  penny  to 
secure  them,  as  Or.  Marden  has  stipulated 
that  his  book  and  magazine  shall  be  sent  on 
five  days'  free  examination  to  every  reader 
of  The  Outlook  who  asks  for  them. 

SEND  NO  MONEY 

All  you  need  to  do  to  secure  Dr.  Marden's 
help  is  to  fill  out  and  mail  the  coupon  below 
ana  you  will  receive  immediately  "How  To 
Get  What  You. Wast,"  a  book  of  350  pages 
handsomely  bound  in  cloth,  and  also  the  cur- 
rent number  of  The  New  Success— Mar- 
den's Magazine,  the  most  helpful  magazine 
in  America.  Keep  the  book  for  5  days,  read 
it  and  re-read  it,  and  if  you  are  fully  satisfied 
remit  only  $2,  which  will  pay  in  full  for  the 
book  and  an  eight  months'  subscription  to 
The  New  Success.  If  for  any  reason  you 
should  not  be  fully  satisfied,  just  remail  the 
book  within  five  days  ana  you  will  owe 
nothing.  Surely  you  owe  it  to  yourself,  to 
your  family,  to  your  friends  to  take  advan- 
tage of  this  offer  which  may  open  the  door 
for  you  to  wonderful  new  success.  So  mail 
the  coupon  NOW,  thus  making  sure  of 
getting  your  copy  of  the  book  before  this 
remarkable  offer  is  withdrawn. 

Free  Examination  Coupon 

The  New  Success 

431  St.  Juum  BMc,  New  York.  N.  Y. 

Pleue  aend  me  "  HOW  TO  GET  WHAT-YOU  WANT" 
and  enter  my  name  for  an  eight  months'  mibecription  to 
THE  NEW  SUCCESS.  I  will  either  remail  the  book  within 
5  days  after  its  receipt  or  aeud  you  92. 

'Name 


(>lltllH>X   Il>-';i  I    U 


23  Octoi>er 

THE   NEW    BOOKS 

Thia  Department  will  inolade  daaeriptiTe  notea,  with 
or  without  brief  comments,  about  books  reaeived 
by  The  Outlook.  Many  of  the  important  books  will 
have  more  extended  and  critical  treabaent  later 

FICnOH 

Blue  Germ  fThe).    By  Martin   Swayne.    The 

GeoiKe  H.  Doran  Company,  New  York.  SI  .30. 

A  sensational  storv  baaed  on  the  carious 

complications  that  ^llow  the  diiicovery  of 

a  germ  which  banishes  old  age  and  disease. 

Daugbter  of  Jehu  (A).  By  Lama  E.  lUcfaanls. 

Illustrated.   D.  Appleton  A  Co.,  New  York. 

81.S0. 

A  cheerful,  wholesome  story  of  a  spirited 
girl  who  drives  like  Jehu,  is  the  petted 
friend  of  the  delightful  people  of  an  old- 
fikshioned  village,  and  whose  romance  is 
happily  rounded  out 

Golden  Boagb  (The).  By  GeoTge  Oibba.  Illns- 
trated.  I).  Appleton  &  Co.,  New  York.  SI  J«). 
As  a  story  of  plot  and  exciting  incident 
this  romance  assuredly  holds  the  reader's 
attention.  It  tells  of  a  world-wide  secret 
society  which  is  to  bring  ahoat  in  all  coun- 
tries democratic  rule  and  the  rights  of  the 
poor.  The  origin  of  the  society  goes  bark 
to  ancient  Roman  days  and  to  uie  grove 
of  Nemi,  the  vagabond  king  of  wiiich 
might  be  succeeded  at  any  minute  by 
any  other  vagabond  who  managed  to  kill 
him.  This  legend  was  lately  made  tise  of 
also  in  Mr.  Edward  Lucas  White's  "  "Die 
Unwilling  VestaL"  In  Mr.  Gibbs's  story  a 
young  American  who  has  escaped  from  a 
German  prison  camp  accidentally  fulfill* 
the  conditions  and  becomes  head  of  the 
society.  A  fund  of  twenty-five  million 
francs  buried  under  the  sacred  tree  is 
stolen  by  traitors,  and  changes  hands  with 
marvelous  '  rapidity,  barely  escaping  the 
clutches  of  Germans.  Not  as  a  piece  of 
literature  by  any  means,  but  as  a  thrilling 
tale,  this  book  is  easy  reading. 

Jamesie.  By  Ethel  Sidgrwick.  Small,  Uaynard  A 
Co.,  Boston.  «1.50. 
Miss  Sidgwick  is  a  good  social  obsex-ver 
and  a  thoaghtful  interpreter  of  outside 
influences — m  this  case  the  war,  the  Irish 
question,  and  caste  prejudices — on  indi- 
vidual character.  But  the  average  reader 
may  rebel  at  having  to  disentangle  events 
and  relationships  mim  a  maze  of  letter* 
written  by  a  score  of  people  from  Duke  to 
lady's  maid.  Jamesie,  when  you  do  get 
hold  of  him,  is  lovable  and  interesting. 

BIOORAPHT 
Jefferson   Davis.    By  Armistead  C.    Oordoa. 
(Pie:ure8    from    American    History.)     Cbaries 
Scnbner'g  Sons,  New  York.   S1.W. 
Written  frankly  from  the  Soathem  pmnt 
of  view,  this  book,  by  its  reasonable  spirit, 
allays  rather  than  stirs  up  the  rancor  tliat 
is  sometimes  roused  by  discussion  of  DaTi5 
and  his  part  in  our  history.  Northern  re»4l- 
ers  will  disagree  with  many  of  the  author'* 
judgments,  but  will  nevertheless  find   the 
book  stimulating  reading. 
Thomas  Jefferson.  !By  David  Saville  Hioxrr. 
Ph.D.       (Fibres    from    American     History.' 
Charles  Scribner's  Sons,  New  York.  Sl.o<^. 

This  biography  will  find  its  place  as  a 
brief,  lucid,  impstftial  rdsum^  of  tlie  career 
of  Jefferson.  The  author  combines  enthu- 
siasm for  the  merits  of  his  subject,  without 
which  a  good  biography  cannot  be  written, 
with  a  keenly  critical  judgment  of  Jeffer- 
son's limitations. 

Yesterdays  in  a  Busy  liife.  By  CsikImv 
Wheeler.  Illustrated.  Harper  ft  Brotben, 
New  York.    $a. 

People  who  know  Mrs.  Wheeler  will  of 
course  want  to  read  these  reminiscences : 
and  those  who  do  not  know  her  will  W 
charmed  by  the  «raple,  personal  story  that 

Digitized  by  VJ\^»^V  IV^ 


»18 


THE   OUTLOOK 


309 


Tie  If  OB  Books  (CoHtinued) 
be  tells  in  this  book,  with  its  background 
( fine  Americanism  and  its  profusion  of 
riendly  anecdotes  about  celebrities  whom 
le  antnor  has  met. 

nSTOBT,  POLITICAL  KCONOHT,  AND  FOLITICB 
lenserio  :  King  of  tbe  Vandals  and  First 
Praaslan  Kaiaer.    By  Poaltney  Bigelow, 
M.A.,  F.R.O.S.    O.  P.  Pntnun'*  Sons,  New 
York.   »1.S0. 

In  the  fifth  centoir  predatory  bands  of 
ubaric  tribes  roamed  over  Central  Europe, 
tvaging  and  destroying  wherever  they 
ent.  The  Hans,  who  came  from  Asia,  are 
ippoeed  by  some  scholars  to  be  of  Tartar 
ngin.  The  Vandals,  who  are  believed  to 
ire  had  their  origin  in  Russia  in  the  fifth 
mttuy,  were  occupying  northeastern  Grer- 
lany.  There  is  good  reason  to  believe 
lat  they  were  the  ancestors  of  the  Prus- 
ans,  or  at  least  that  the  Pmssian  people 
ive  a  considerable  toionnt  of  Vandal 
eod  in  their  veins.  Abont  the  beginning 
:  the  fifth  century  some  fifty  tlionsand 
andals,  under  the  leadership  of  Genseric, 
metiines  called  Gaiseric,  made  their  way 
to  Spain,  crossed  over  into  Africa,  and 
oqnered  its  northern  shore,  laying  siege 
and  acqturing  the  city  of  Carthage, 
ibseqaenuy  from  Carthage  they  invatud 
dy  and  sacked  the  city  m  Borne. 
From  about  the  year  427  AJ>.  to  the  year 
7  xjy.  Genseric  with  his  hardy  and  e£B- 
«t  troops  of  Vandals — or  shall  we  call 
em  Prussian  soldiers? — ruled  northern 
Frica.  It  is  the  story  of  Grenseric's  capture 
and  role  over  this  portion  of  the  Roman 
npire  that  Ponltney  Bigelow  tells,  tracing 
th  much  literary  skill  the  parallel  be- 
een  Kaiser  Genseric  and  Kaiser  Wilhelm 
,  between  the  Vandal  of  the  fifth  century 
d  the  Prussian  of  the  twentieth  century, 
tween  the  colonial  policies  and  the  colo- 
d  methods  of  the  two  conquering  hosts, 
tween  tiie  treatment  to  which  they  re- 
stively sabjected  Africa  in  the  fifth 
iturr  and  Senium  in  the  twentieth  cen- 
•V.  The  story  is  interesting  and  graphi- 
jy  told.  It  IS  also  suggestive,  and  it  is 
t  encooraging  to  those  who  are  hoping 
■  a  negotiatra  peace  with  the  moaem 
indals  and  for  their  conversion  from  the 
rbarism  which  has  remained  in  their 
od  for  fifteen  centuries  to  the  civiliza- 
n  of  modem  Christendom. 

WAR  POOKB 
d  Heart  of  Rnssla  (The).  By  B«arie  Beatty. 
lUoatrated.  The  Centory  ODinpany,  New  York. 

\n  animated  account  of  the  experiences 
a  young  American  newspaper  woman  in 
saia  daring  revolution  and  counter-revo- 
ion.  It  was  her  lot  to  see  the  arrest  of 
>  members  of  Kerensky's  Government 
1  to  interview  one  of  the  Czar's  deposed 
nisters  in  the  Peter  and  Paul  Prison. 

bkes  of  the  War.  Snramary  of  the  Varioiis 
Problems,  CUimi,  Hnd  Intereatsof  the  Nations 
at  the  Peauw  Tshle.  Br  Lothrop  Stoddard, 
A.M.,Ph.D..  and  Glenn  Frank,B.A.  lUiutTnted 
with  Ha|».  The  Centory  Company,  New  York. 

MIBCKLLAinCOUB 
IT  Prohibition  ?  By  Charles  Stelzle.  The 
GeoTse  H.  Dotan  Company,  New  York.  $1.50. 

>u]>poee  National  prohibition  were  to 
neto-morrow.  How  would  we  raisemoney 
r  secured  by  the  internal  revenue  tax 
liquor?  TVliat  would  happen  to  the 
iner  ?  What  would  happen  to  the  wage- 
ners  who  would  be  compelled  to  learn 
r  trades  ?  And  what  would  be  the  atti- 
e  of  trade-unionists  ?  These  and  other 
Mtions  suggest  themselves  increasingly 
.■lew  of  present  legislation.  Mr.  Stelz^  s 
>k  is  »  well-informed  answer. 


Try  Butter  on 
Puffed  Rice 

Many  homes  serve  melted 
butter  with  Puffed  Grains  at 
breakfast.  That  in  place  of 
sugar  and  cream. 

Some  add  a  little  butter  first, 
then  milk  or  cream.   No  sugar. 

That's    a    good   way   to 
save  sugar.    And  few  con- 
fections are  more  enticing 
than    these    toasted 
bubbles  buttered. 

So  for  hungry  chiiaren  after  school.  They  eat 
them  like  peanuts  or  popcorn.  There  was  never  a 
tidbit  so  nut-like  and  flavory,  yet  so  easy  to  digest. 

Remember  that.  In  Puffed  Grains  every  food  cell 
is  exploded.    Every  atom  feeds. 

Make  Pears  Taste 
Like  Shortcake 

Mix  Puffed  Grains  with 
your  fruit.  Puffed  Rice  or 
Corn  Puffs  is  best  suited 
for  this  purpose. 

These  airy,  flimsy  mor- 
sels add  to  fruit  what  crust 
adds    to    a    shortcake.    But  '""       ' 

never  was  a  crust  so  flaky,  so  flavory. 

Fruit  without  Puffed  Grains  is  like  pie  without 
crust.  Both  stewed  fruit  and  fresh  fruit  need  them. 
Fruit  goes  farther  this  way.  It  tastes  vastly  better. 
And  it  doesn't  require  so  much  sugar. 

Scatter  Puffed  Grains,  also,  on  every  dish  of  ice 
cream,  as  a  fragile  nut-like  garnish. 


Puffed 

Puffed 

Com 

Rice 

Wheat 

All  Bubble  Grains 

Puffs 

Fach 

15c  Except  in  Far  West 

The  Quaker  Oa(^G»npany 


Sole  Makers 


(ItKM) 


Digitized  by 


Google 


310 


THE   OUTLOOK 


23  0ctolin 


FINANCIAL    DEPARTMENT 


All  Intimate  questions  from  Outldok  readers  about  investment  securities  will  be  answered  either  by  personal  letter  or 
in  these  pages.  The  Outlook  cannot,  of  course,  undertake  to  guitrantee  against  loss  resulting  from  any  specific  invest- 
ment. Therefore  it  will  not  admse  the  purchase  of  any  specific  security.  But  it  will  give  to  inquirers  &ct8  of  record  or 
information  resulting  from  expert  investigation,  leaving  the  responsibility  for  final  decision  to  the  investor.  And  it  will 
admit  to  its  pages  only  those  financial  advertisements  which  after  thorough  expert  scrutiny  are  believed  to  be  worthy  of 
confidence.   All  letters  of  inquiry  regarding  investment  securities  should  be  addressed  to 

THE  OUTLOOK  FINANCUL  DEPARTMENT.  381  Fourth  Avenue.  New  York 


iiili 


■■■■il^^ 


w 


The  Reason  Why 

E  often  are  asked  why  the  first  mortgage  serial  bonds,  safeguarded 
under  the  Straus  PUtn,  are  selling  on  a  6%  basis,  in  spite  of  the 
competition  of  other  securitieB  bearing  a  higher  rate  of  interest. 

The  answer  is  very  simple:  The  bonds  we  offer  are  selling  on  a  6%  basis 
because  they  are  worth  H.  Each  issue  is  secured  by  a  first  mortgage  lien 
on  high  grade  income-producing  property,  with  an  ample  margin  of  security, 
and  is  paid  o£F  serially,  year  by  year,  out  of  the  earnings  of  the  property. 

These  bonds  yield  a  higher  net  return  than  other  securities  of  equal  safety. 
They  are  safier  than  other  securities  yielding  6%  or  raare.  This  is  the 
reason  for  the  continued  popular  demand  for  the  first  nxntgage  6%  bonds, 
safeguarded  under  the  Straus  Plan. 

This   demand  comes    from   the    great   class    of  investors    who   require: 

Complete  and  unquestioned  sitfety; 

Prompt  payment  of  principal  and  interest  in  cash,- 

Freedom  from  worry  and  care; 

Absence  of  market  fluctuation  in  value, ■ 

A  reasonable  rate  of  interest.- 

Thorough-going  service. 

Bvery  investor  should  post  himself  on  the  merits  of  these  sound  and  popular 
securities,  and  on  the  reasons  for  the  record  of  this  House— 36  years  vdthout 
k>ss  to  any  investor.  All  this  is  explained  in  our  booklet,  "Safety  and  6%."  Call 
or  write  for  this  booklet,  together  with  our  current  investment  list.  Pifk  for 

Circular  No.  K-805 

S^STRAUS  ^  CO. 


Detroit 

PenobKiK  Bldr. 


Bstabltohad  1882 

NE\V  YORK 
ISO  Broadway 


Minneapolis 

Loeb  Arcade  Bide. 


Incorporated 

CHICAGO 

Straus  Building 
San  Francisco  Philadelphia 

Cracker  Bide  SInck  E«bantc  BMf. 


Thirty-six  Years  Without  Loss  to  Any  Investor 


illiiliM^^ 


mil 


Digitized  by  VJ^^VJ' 


1918  THE   OUTLOOK 

THE    PROBLEM    OF   A  NEW-BORN    CONFIDENCE 


311 


RECENT  advices  from  abroad  8])eak 
of  a  panic  on  the  Berlin  Stock  Ex- 
change, due  to  the  sudden  realiza- 
tion in  Germany  of  the  real  serious- 
11688  of  the  iiiilitaiy  and  political  situation. 
Leas  auectactdar  but  more  important  are 
signs  oi  a  new-bom  confidence  on  the  Lon- 
don Exchange,  with  evidences  here  in  the 
American  markets  of  farther  buying  of 
British,  French,  and  Russian  bonds  for 
foreign  and  neutral  accounts.  These  tenden- 
i-iea  nave  been  evident  for  several  montlis. 
And  now,  witli  the  German  peace  pro- 
iiOHal  comes  the  speculative  attempt  in  the 
New  York  stock  market  to  discount  condi- 
tions which  peace  may  bring  forth.  Prob- 
ably there  never  was  a  more  difficult  spec- 
ulative problem.  Stocks  of  companies  which 
liave  been  enjoying  huge  profits  have, 
declined.  It  is  ini)K>S8iole  to  estimate 
irhether  the  huge  inventories  which  these 
i-oinpanies  have  of  necessity  accumulated 
can  be  liquidated  on  a  profitable  basis. 
Railway  stocks  have  not  shown  a  strong 
tendency  because  of  the  uncertainty  sur- 
rounding the  future  of  railway  properties. 
ITnder  Government  administration  earn- 
ings statements  of  railways  disclose  little 
<ir  nothing  concerning  their  true  earning 
))ower.  In  fact,  the  statements  in  many 
cases  simply  tell  the  story  of  the  extent  to 
which  traSic  is  being  diverted  under  unified 
management. 

This  attempt  to  discount  the  future  in 
the  stock  marKet  has  a'deeper'significance 
than  the  mere  effort  on  the  part  of  the 
individuals  eng^ed  to  profit  for  them- 
selves. There  are  involved  considerations 
affecting  the  prosperity  of  evervAmerican 
oitizen,  mvestor  or  otherwise.  These  con- 
siderations look  forward  into  many  prob- 
lems, some  of  which  may  be  briefly  sug- 
gested. 

1.  Aastiming  the  continuance  of  ourpros^ 
perity  for  a  reasonable  period  after  the 
war,  based  on  the  necessity  for  reconstruc- 
tion abroad  and  reliabilitation  of  railway, 
industrial,  and  public  utility  plants  at  home, 
into  what  channels  will  the  enormous  pro- 
<luctive  CMMci^  of  the  United  States  be 
directed  after  the  war  ?  What  shall  we  do 
ivith  a  surplus  of  manufactures  whicli  we 
ourselves  wdl  not  be  able  to  consume  ? 

2.  If  we  are  to  offer  that  surplus  to  the 
markets  of  tlie  world  in  competitfon  with 
our  own  allies,  shall  we  be  able  to  make 
tliat  surplus  effective?  In  other  words,  will 
the  cost  of  materials,  power,  and  labor 
enable  us  to  engage  in  that  competition  ? 
'Phis  question  assumes  tliat  we  shall  "be 
able  to  operate  our  own  merchant  marine 
in  competition  with  the  shipping  industries 
of  other  nations. 

3.  Are  we  as  investors,*  now  some  twenty 
million  strong,  prepared  to  look  at  our 
{M>iiition  in  the  world's  affairs  as  an  inter- 
national position  reached  through  our  par- 
ticipation in  international  trade  and  finance, 
itna  to  be  maintained  only  tiirough  con- 
tinned  participation  therem?  Are  we  as 
investors  prepared  to  think  in  these  foreign 
terms,  to  invest  in  foreign  securities — m 
other  words,  to  extend  long-term  credits 
to  Argentina,  China,  Brazil,  Chile,  Mexico, 
Italy,  Norway,  Spain,  Russia;  to  extend 
cre<ut8  to  these  nations  as  nations,  to  their 
•eparate  municipalities,  and  to  our  own 
private  enterprises  projected  for  tLe  pur- 
pose of  developing  tneir  resources  ? 

En|[land  adopted  this  international  posi- 
tion mimediately  after  tke  Napoleonic 
warv,  Germany  after  the  Franco-Prussian 


war.  Both  found  outlets  for  their  extended 
commercial  activities  by  supporting  ag- 
gressive business  and  trade  measures  with 
broad  international  financial  policies. 

Finance  and  business  in  the  United  States 
have  had  but  little  experience  in  interna- 
tional matters,  and  our  best  men  are,  in  a 
sense,  at  a  disadvantage  as  compared  with 
European  bankers.  W  e  have  the  gold  and 
asurplus  of  productive  capacity,  while  they, 
with  their  larger  obligations  incurred  dur- 
ing he  war,  must  in  a  measure  get  that 
which  we  have. 

To  make  an  estimate  of  the  conditions 
which  may  develop  would  require  at  the 
present  moment  an  intelligent  considei-a- 
tion  of  actual  figitres  of  the  industrial  re- 
sources of  the  European  Powers,  and  of 
their  immediate  requirements  at  home. 
Events  have  followed  upon  one  another  too 
rapidly  during  the  past  four  years  to  make 
any  such  estimate  possible.  There  are  in 
tills  country  very  few  men  who  could  in- 
terpret figures  if  they  were  available. 
There  are  many  intangible  factors.  To  off- 
set the  burdens  of  the  war  the  world  has 
made  tremendous  advances  in  the  use  of 
credit,  has  developed  by  scientific  achieve- 
ment instruments  ay  which  new  economies 
will  be  effected  and  production  intensified 
to  a  degree  which  should  surpass  the  stim- 
ulus which  steam  power  gave  to  the  nine- 
teenth century.  One  need  only  reflect  upon 
the  development  of  the  airplane,  the  motor 
tractor,  chemistry,  the  wireless,  and  electri- 
cal engineering  to  reillize  the  significance 
of  the  new  agencies  at  the  disposal  of  a 
liberated  world.  One  need  only  reflect 
upon  the  outlook  which  the  war  has  opened 
up  to  realize  wliat  impetus  has  been  given 
to  the  material  demands  of  those  millions 
of  men  who  will  return  to  every  quarter  of 
the  globe  within  the  next  few  years. 

We  Americans  must  of  necessity  quicken 
our  perceptions  of  these  great  political  and 
economic  changes,  imder  penalty  of  losing 
the  opportunities  which  the  twentieth-cen- 
tury crusade  has  by  chance  placed. before 
OS  as  the  instruments  of  a  higher  good. 

QUESTIONS  AND  ANSWERS 

Q.  What  do  yon  think  will  be  the  result  as  to 
value  oP  the  standard  railway  stocks  if  after  the 


war  the  Government  should  buy  the  roads  ?  Would 
rou  advise  the  buying  or  seUing  of  New  York 
L/entral,  Atohiwnj  Topeka,  and  8anta  F^  oommoa. 


you  adnse  the   buying  or    selling  of  New  York 
Central.  Atchison.  Topeka,  and  Santa  F ' 
and  iSouthem  Pacific  at  present  prices  ? 

A.lC  after  the  war  the  €iovemment 
should  buy  the  railways,  it  is  reasonable  to 
suppose  that  the  stockholders  will  then  be 
able  to  exchange  their  holdings  for  ap- 
proximately their  intrinsic  value  in  Gov- 
ermnent  or  semi-Government  bonds. 

The  Outlook's  financial  department  is 
primarily  interested  in  the  higher  grades  of 
mvestment  buying,  and  even  in  uiat  field 
IS  lotli  to  advise  definitely  the  purchase  or 
sale  of  any  particular  security. 

In  our  opinion,  the  standard  railway 
stocks,  as  a  class,  in  view  of  past  perform- 
ances, earning  power,  and  equity,  appear  to 
be  cheap  at  present  prices. 

Q.  Having  seen  freauent  referenoes  to  the  St. 
Lonis-San  Fmncisoo  Kailway  Company  **  prior 
lien 4«,"  "  adjustment  6a,"  and  "  income tia,"  I  shall 
be  glad  to  have  you  explain  to  me  the  differenoe 
between  these  issues. 

Which  do  you  consider  the  best  investment  at 
present  prices,  the  tSt.  Louis-^^an  Fninciseo  adjsat- 
nient  6s,  the  Chicago  and  Qreat  Western  first  it,  at 
the  ilodaon  and  Manhattan  As  ? 

A.  St.  Louis-San  Francisco  Railway 
Company  prior  lien  48,  adjustment  6s,  and 
income  us,  from  an  investment  standpoint, 


■  lllllllllimilllf  EST/>BU3Heo  l««3)3||||||||||||IIH 

7%  to  8%     1 

Buy  Now  for     i 

\  January  DeGvery  1 

5           A   choice   variety   of   invest-       a 

:       merits  in  $100,  ?S00  and  $1,000        E 

E       denomination.s,       secured       by        3 

p       es.sential   industries,   are   avail-       5 

5       able  at  this   lime.    Thev  were       3 

n       withheld    fnim    market    during        S 

S       the  Fourth   Liberty  Loan  cam-       C 

s    p*'^-                               1 

S           You   can   take   advantage  of       i 

;       the   present   high   rate   market       ° 

to        and  make  reservations  of  these        S 

u        unusually  attractive  investments        u 

s       now.  Delivery  and  payment  may        = 

=       be  made  any   tiirie  up  to   and        | 

g       including  the  first  of  January.           a 

1                Atk  for  Circular  No.  1016  Z               1 

[            Peabodj^            [ 

1     Houghtcling&Co.     1 

=                      (ESTABUSHED  1865)                      | 

1     10  South  La  Salle  Street     ! 

1                Chicago                : 

:                                                  CB439I       : 

■  ■llllllllllllllirE5TAE,u5»ED    e.^llllUlilllllllia 

^le^'k 


FIRST 

FARM 

MORKAfiES] 


SENS1BLE;S0UND  SECURITY  i 

No  Mirer.  *affr  furin  of  sfcuritv  exists  I 
than  llie  nrallli-productnt;  fann  lamls  of  I 
Ihe  Mitlille  Wpsl.  Our  Fariu  .MurtjjaKe*  J 
and  Ki^il  ■■«Ute  liornls  otfrr  a  real  I 
opix>Tiiinity  to  Mve  by  servloi;.  Send  for  I 
raiii|>hlrt  "  S '*  aud  current  offering. 
Amounts  to  suit. 

E.  J.  Uaacr  k  C«..  Grmad  Fork*,  N.  D. 

Ca/iUj/  and  Surflus  fAiiOjOlX) 


m 

te 

-  j^ 

jf^ 

i» "    "~ 

^ 

Conserve  Help 

Many  business  concerns  have  lost 
a  large  number  of  their  employee* 
thru  the  war.  Doubtless  you  hare. 
You  may  release  more  and  at  the 
■■me  time  perform  a  patriotic  duty 
by  uains  ■  central  organiiation  that 
will  supply  you  with  complete  da- 
pendaMe  infomuition  in  practically 
every  line  of  business. 

Babson'a  Reports  will  take  the  place  oi 
•n  aucb  unployee*  that  you  ralcaac.  either 
▼oluntarUy  or  otherwlac.    Write  ua  al>out 

Sur  bualiMM  and  let  ua  tall  yon  what  w« 
ve  (or  your  line. 

Avoid  worry.  Ccaae  dependioB  oo  m- 
waon  or  lack.  Racoiiniaa  that  all  action  la 
followed  by  eoual  raaction.  Work  with  a 
datinitc  poliey  based  on  fundamental  atalU- 
tlca. 

Whtn  you  uirif.  address  Dtpi.  0-9  ot 

Babson's  Statistical  Orsanizadoa 

AdrlMtT  BaOdiai  V/tUiUt  Hillt.  Mm. 

Ut(M«  OtfulMMM  of  !«•  OkuMtu  U  «k>  WaM 


Digitized  by  VJ^^VJV  IV^ 


312 


THE  OUTLOOK 


23  October 


it  not   add  to  your  peace  of  mind 
to  supply  them  with  such  a  fund? 


A^^        A '      American  ^^1 
•  D«  I\.m  AsMcUoLi  V^I16C][U6S 

are  the  safest,  handiest  'travel  and  emergency  money.*  They  can 
be  used  only  after  the  rightful  owner  has  countersigned  them,  and 
they  are  accepted  like  cash  in  all  countries  of  the  Allies  and 
neutrals  to  pay  for  goods  and  services.  They  are  of  convenient 
denominations  and  are  iuued  in  a  neat,  handy  pocket  case.  Before 
your  boy  or  girl  sails  take  him  or  her  to  any  bank  and  obtain  an 
assortment  of  $10,  $20,  $50  and  $100  Cheques.  The  holder  must 
sign  the  Cheques-  and  should  be  present  when  they  are  purchased. 
If  your  bank  is  not  prepared  to  sell  you  'A.  B.  A.*  Cheques,  apply  to 

Bankers  Trust  Company 

New  York  City 


^S 


WHY 

Big  Insurance 
Companies    Invest   in 
FARM   MORTGAGES 


Biuinew  necenities  and  safegiurd- 
iog  Uw>  impow  •  double  obligabon 
on  iniurance  company  invettmcnls. 
Thai  Iowa  Fint  Fann  Klorlgagei  and 
Bond*  are  conaideied  denrable  by 
them  prove*  the  Safety  and  <ub«tan' 
tial  letiUD  ol  thi*  ioim  of  investment. 

Send  (or  "  low*  lavatmenii  "—a  booUi!! 
giving  cooiplele  mod  pcnooafly  inveitigaled 
infornutioa  about  Iowa  Fixit  Fann  Mortsaaei, 
Iowa  FinI  Fann  Mortiaffc  Boodi  and  Tax 
Free  Municipal  Bond*. 


ParHat  paumtnl  plan 
handt  vftSO  lo  tl,i 
denomtnathnt. 

BANKERS 

MORTGAGE 

COMPANY 

Capilal  $2,000,000.00 
DapL  1527.  Da*  HoiMl.  Iowa 


NOT  ONE  DOLLAR  LOST 

ON  A 

DANFORTH  FARM  MORTGAGE 

I?l    SIXXV    VCARS 

No  InTtator  ha*  eror  forecloaed  a  Mortgatta,  taken  a  foot 

of  land  or  loot  *  dollar  on  a  Danforth  Kanu  MortRage. 

For  further  information  regardinff  our  Farm  Loan*  and 

Bond!  write  for  Booklet  and  Inveaton'  Liat  No.  96. 

AGDanforth£'(b 


BANKERS 
WASHINGTON 


Founded  A.D.  II 

ILLINOIS 


The  American  farmer  mnatproduce  the  food  with 
which  the  war  will  bo  won.  When  you  inveat  in 

STRAUS  FARM  MORTGAGES 

your  money  la  fbiaiicing  the  farmer  for  Improve- 
menta  that  will  increaae  efficiency  and  food  produc- 
tion. Safety  ia  aMured  by  excoptioual  aecurity— 
improved,  productive  farm*  m  only  best  aectlon* 
of  three  of  the  ncheet  aRricultural  sUitea-Ctliio, 
Indiana  and  Illinois;  by  lesral  guarantee  of  pnuci- 
pal  and  iutereat  at  6'.;  ;  and  by  record  of  nearly 
sixty  yean  without  lose. 

Write  for  Special  Bulletin  and  Booklet  O-IO. 

THE  STRAUS  BROTHERS  COMPANT 
^^      EaUUbM  IWC-Opilil  lad  Svfks  $3,000,000 
UGONIER.         INDIANA 


In    Strain    I-"r\rm    Mnrttraires    you 

have  a  safe  iIl^cstlll- nt  »itli  vilis- 

fact'TV   inc.niie.   jinl    \our    tifiiey 

will  do  a  truly  iMlriotic  service 


Quettions  and  An»wer$  (Continued) 
shonld  be  Tate<l  in  the  order  mven  from 
higliest  to  lowest.  The  prior  uen  4^  and 
58  are  a  first  lien  on  all  property  of  the 
coinpa.ny,  subject  only  to  St.  Louis  and 
San  Francisco  general  mortgage  58  and  Gr, 
and  are  farther  secured  by  ^ase  of  Kansas 
City,  Fort  Scott,  and  Memphis  property 
and  by  deposit  of  securities'  owned.  The 
adjustment  6s  and  income  6s  are  each 
secured  bv  direct  lien  on  the  property,  but 
each  subject  to  the  previously  mentioned 
issues. 

Of  the  three  bonds  yon  mention,  St 
Louis-San  Francisco  adjustment  68,  Chi- 
cago and  Great  Western  first  48,  and 
Hudson  and  Manhattan  adjustment  oa,  we 
would  prefer  tliose  of  the  Chicago  and 
Great  Western  Railroad  Company  ;  this 
although  they  occupy  a  position  half-way 
between  sound  investments  and  specnlv 
tions.  They  are  well  secured,  but  are  of  a 
class  whose  market  value  is  directly  re- 
sponsive to  the  fluctuations  in  earnings. 

Q.  Can  yon  tell  me  whether  or  not  the  exemptioa 
from  tax  on  income  from  $45,000  par  vsUne  of 
the  SecM>nd  and  Third  Liberty  Loans  and  the  iacoe« 
converted  into  same,  which  come*  to  the  holder  of 
$:<0,000  par  value  of  the  Fourth  Loan,  is  in  addidon 
to  the  old  exemption  privilege  on  the  inoorne  from 
S.'ifOOO  par  value  of  the  ISeoond  and  Third  Loans  1 
In  other  words,  can  I  hold  $50,0(XI  par  value  of  tbe 
Second  and  Third  Loans  and  $m,0(X>  of  tbe  Fourth 
Loon  and  be  exempt  from  normal  income  tax  and 
surtax,  or  is  it  only  $45,000  of  the  former  loans  i' 

A.  You  may  hold  $50,000  of  the  old 
bonds  and  $30,000  of  the  new  ones  and  be 
exempt  from  income  taxes,  provided  the 
Fourth  Loan  bonds  were  originally  8u1>- 
scribed  for  and  have  been  continuously 
owned  by  you  up  to  the  date  of  the  tax 
return.  In  fact,  Uiis  is  not  the  limit  of  in- 
come tax  exemption  procurable  by  indiviil- 
uals  by  the  purchase  of  Liberty  Bonds.  As 
pointed  out  in  a  circular  recently  issued  br 
one  of  the  larger  Government  bond  houses 
of  New  York,  the  possible  limit  exclnrive 
of  holdings  of  3y,e  may  consist  of  aa 
i^gregate  holding  of — 

$S,000  bcmds  of  the  First  4s  and  4Ks  (iasne  of 
May  9  and  issue  of  October  24),  tiecood 
4a  and  4hi»,  Third  4Ms,  Foorth  4»^ 
Certifioates  of  Indebtedness,  WarSsv- 
ines  and  Thrift  Stamps,  plus 

30,000  bonds  of  the  First  4^s  (issue  of  OotobCT 
24),  plus 

30,000  bonda  of  the  Fourth  VAs.  plus 

45,000  bonds  of  the  First  4t)  and  iii  (iasne  of 
May  9),  .Second  4s  and  4Ks,  and  Third 

41*8 

$110,000  total 

Q.  Are  the  City  of  Paris  bonds  payable  in  doUan 
or  francs*  ? 

A.  AVe  presume  that  you  refer  to  those 
bonds  of  the  city  of  Paris  which  were 
brought  out  in  this  country  since  the  be- 
ginning of  the  present  war.  These  are 
dollar  Donds  payable  in  gold  in  the  Unitetl 
States,  or,  at  the  option  of  the  holder,  in 
francs  at  the  fixed  rate  of  exchange  of  SJHO 
francs  to  the  dollar,  if  notice  of  his  intention 
is  given  tliirty  days  prior  to  maturity. 

In  connection  with  this  provision  for  op- 
tional collection  in  francs,  it  may  be  noted 
that  this  feature  amounts  to  a  call  on 
French  exchange  for  the  life  of  the  bond  at 
the  rate  of  5.50  francs.  The  more  francs  it 
takes  to  make  a  dollar,  the  less  each  franc 
is  worth  in  terms  of  dollars.  Thus  a  franc 
at  a  rate  of  5.50  per  dollar  would  be  about 
8  per  cent  below  the  mint  parity  of  5.1S;; 
francs  per  dollar,  at  or  near  which  figure 
exchange  ruled  prior  to  the  disorganization 
of  foreign  markets  brought  about  by  the 
war.  Assuming  its  collection  in  francs  at 
maturity  at  the  rate  of  5.18 i.g,  the  value  of 
a  $1,000  note  would  be  $l,()6li>2. 

Digitized  by  Va\^»^V  iC 


1918 


THE   OUTLOOK 


313 


The  Outlook  Readers'  Reference  Collection 

of 

Large  Scale  War  Maps 

In  Atlaa  Form,  16  Paget,  13%  x21  Inches.    12  Maps,  Printed  in  6  Colors 


THE  WESTERN  FRONT 

A  complete  and  comprehensive  series  of  colored  maps  showing  the  entire  area  of  the  western  battle-front 
in  France  drawn  on  a  large  scale — Bve  miles  to  the  inch— with  red  lines  indicating  the  position  of  the  Allied 
armies  at  the  time  of  going  to  press  (October  3, 1918)  and  other  red  Unes  indicating  the  farthest  advance  of  the 
Germans,  each  in  a  distinctive  character.  The  large  scale  on  which  each  map  is  drawn  has  made  it  possible 
to  print  the  name  of  every  town  and  village  in  clear,  legible  type  so  that  it  can  be  read  with  the  utmost  ease. 

The  maps  show  every  town,  village,  hamlet,  naval  arsenal,  fort,  redoubt,  battery,  aircraft  depot,  fortified  town,  mountain 
l^am,  wireless  station,  railway,  and  canal.  Altitudes  are  given  at  frequent  intervals,  being  indicated  by  the  popular  layer 
system  of  coloring.  This  method,  which  has  been  universally  approved,  consists  of  showing  the  elevations  in  twelve  different 
colors  and  tints.  For  instance,  deep  brown  indicates  1,100  to  1,200  meters  (3,609-3,937  feet),  while  a  lighter  brown  indicates 
1.000  to  1,100  meters  (3,281-3,609). 

Surface  configuration  is  lai^ely  the  hey  to  events  in  the  theaters  of  war.  Rivers,  mountains,  and  forests  are  the  natural 
strategic  barriers.  Mountun  passes  with  their  highways  and  railways  are  the  natural  gateways.  Only  majis  which  show  these 
flearly  can  give  you  a  correct  idea  of  the  relative  value  of  a  gain  or  loss  of  territory.  The  oiRcial  American  and  Foreign  Gov- 
omment  maps  form  the  bases  on  which  these  maps  were  made.  Every  contour  and  location  represents  the  work  of  Government 
surveyors  and  cartographers.  Accuracy,  therefore,  is  assured,  and  thoroughness  of  detail  is  guaranteed  by  observations  and  tests. 


OTHER  MAPS  IN  THE  OUTLOOK  ATLAS 

In  addition  to  the  large-scale  maps  of  the  western  battle-front  above  described,  which 
are  printed  in  three  sections,  each  section  occupying  a  double  page,  are  the  foDowing : 


ARMY  MAP  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES 

( >ii  the  front  cover  of  the  Atlas  is  a  map  of  the  United  States  showiiw  the 
locations  of  camps  and  cantonments,  officers'  training  camps,  aviation  ^Ids, 
Armj  schools,  eto.^^Iso  the  flags  of  the  Allied  nations  in  color. 

CENERAL  MAP  OF  THE  WESTERN  FRONT 

Vvro  pages  are  oeonpied  by  a  war  map  of  the  western  front,  which  is  a  com- 
plete one-sheet  map  of  this  area.  It  is  made  on  a  scale  of  10  miles  to  the 
inch  and  extends  west  to  Ashford,  England,  north  to  Antwerp,  Belgium, 
^tuit  to  Frankfort,  Germany,  and  sooth  to  Orleans,  France. 

MAP  OF  THE  ITALIAN  FRONT 

rhia  donble-poge  map  is  en^ved  on  a  scale  of  10  miles  to  the  inch.  It 
H  exceedingly  complete  and  is  iuvalnable  in  following  the  news  from  this 
v^nn.  It  extends  north  to  the  German  bonndary,  east  beyond  Laibach, 
nutb  to  Bologna,  west  to  Milan. 

MAP  OF  NORTHWESTERN  RUSSIA 

Itia  ia  an  entirely  new  map  of  that  part  of  Russia  in  Europe  now  figuring  in 
h<*  public  prints.  It  inclnoes  the  towns  that  have  sprung  into  prominence 
iirinsr  the  present  war  and  since  the  Allied  intervention.  All  tlie  railways, 
loluajng  the  one  recently  built  to  Alexandrovsk,  on  the  Arctic  Ocean,  are 
lio^m  on  this  map.  Canals,  forts,  and  other  important  details  are  given,  while 
*x-titl  divisions  are  indicated  in  red.  The  detail  of  the  northern  sector  now 
f4>upied  by  the  Allies  is  particularly  complete. 


NEW  MAP  OF  THE  WORLD 

On  this  map  the  colonial  poasearions  of  each  country  are  shown  in  the  same 
color  as  the  mother  countries.  Steamship  lines  with  distances  via  the  Panama 
Canal  are  given  in  bine,  and  other  routes  in  red,  so  that  the  comparisons  may 
be  easily  made.  Principal  through  railways,  wireless  telegraph  stations, 
and  submarine  cables  are  also  indicated. 

MAP  OF  NORTHERN  ASIA,  EMBRACING 
SIBERLV,  MONGOLIA,  AND  JAPAN 

This  map  clearly  shows  the  route  of  the  Trans-Siberian  Railway,  the  main 
highway  between  Japan  and  Russia,  connecting  Vladivostok,  Harbin,  and 
Petrof^rad.  All  stations  along  this  important  line  as  well  as  in  other  regions 
are  given  in  great  detail.  All  former  Russian  pcasessioiis  in  Asia  are  also 
included  in  detail. 

MAP  OF  CENTRAL  AND  WESTERN  EUROPE 

This  map  shows  political  boundaries  in  separate  eolora  and  is  valuable  in 
showing  the  relations  of  the  several  fronts  to  each  other  and  to  the  neutral 
countries.    All  railways,  canals,  and  principal  cities  and  towns  are  shown. 

MAP  OF  ASIA  MINOR 

This  map  shows  the  Hesopotamian,  Syrian,  and  Caucasian  fronts,  with  the 
completed  and  projected  portions  of  the  Pan-German  "  Berlin  to  Bagdad  " 
railway. 


THE  OUTLOOK'S  SPECIAL  OFFER 

h^e  %raat  erory  reader  of  The  Outlook  to  bare  thU  collection  of  maps  as  a  part  of  The 
^xaftlook,  for  U  will  be  of  the  greateat  aaaUtaoce  to  erery  reader  in  interpreting  the 
Kxly  events  of  the  great  war.  When  you  read  die  weekly  narrative  of  war  events  in 
l>e  Outlook,  jrou  %rill  understand  that  narrative  better  with  these  map*  at  your  hand 
t^  fference.  And  if  a  p*ae»  eonftranea  eomat,  theta  map*  wUl  ba  bwohuMa  in  trttcing 
t^  bomndariwa  e^  thm  tarritoriat  in  tHa/mta.  This  atlas  is,  in  fact,  a  permanent  supplement 
•  ■■ch  iMue  of  The  Outlook,  and  we  have  been  able  to  make  the  price  so  low  that  every 
il>«criber  may  have  it  in  hi*  possession  a*  a  part  of  The  Outlook. 

U  out  the  accompanying  order  form  and  return  to  us  at  once  with  remittance  of 
tSOi  we  will  extend  your  subscription  for  one  year,  wliatever  the  present  date  of 
C0j»<gnt»on  may  now  be,  and  this  valuable  collection  of  war  maps  will  be  sent  to  yon 
(■^•dintely,  carefully  protected  from  damage  in  transit,  all  charges  prepaid.  This 
f^^  alao  applies  to  a  new  subscription,  but  doe*  not  apply  in  the  case  of  subscriptions 
r*C    through  agent*.     The  price  of  the  war  maps  alone  is  $1.50. 


THE  OUTLOOK  COMPANY. 

381  Fourth  Ave..  New  York 

I  enclose  Four  Dollars  and  Fifty  Cents,  for 
which  please  send  me  The  Outlook  Readers' 
Reference  Collection  of  War  Maps,  all  ohaives 
prepaid,  and  enter  my  subscription  to  The 
(hitlook  for  one  year  (or  renew  for  one  year 
from  present  date  of  expiration),  in  accordance 
with  the  terms  of  your  special  offer. 


.Vome. 


Address . 


Digitized  by 


Google 


314 


THE  OUTLOOK 


23  Octobd 


Prevent  Magneto  Trouble 

Manufacturers  and  repair  men  sjiy*  **lM>Vii  uf  inag-neto  trouble  is  due  to  improper 
lubrioation."  Your  neglecteti  instruction  book  says  something  like  this:  **Oil  the  magp- 
neto  every  300  to  5(X)  miles  with  a  highly  re^/ined  light  oil/''  In  spite  of  all  this,  iimny 
motorists  persist  in  using  cylinder  oil  or  lig-ht  mineral  oil,  which  jfunis  and  clogs  the 
delicate  mechanism.    Don't  court  trouble.    Oil  your  magneto  regularly  with 


3-in-One 


The  High  Quality  Oil 


It's  a  highly  refined  liiiht  oil — exactly  the   kind  recoiiiraended   by  lua^eto  manufac- 
turers, repair  men  and  your  instruction  book.    3-in-(.)ne  ifl  li(rht  enoujjrh  to  lubricate 
just  right.    Viscous  enoui;h  to  stay  iu  the  bearings.    Never  gums  or  dries  out.    Never 
Iieiits  up,  smokes  or  burns  at  highest  speed.    Won't  freeze. 
For<l  Coiuinutators  work  better  wlien  oiled  with  3-in-Oue.    Makes 
starting  much  easier,  even  in  culd  weather. 

Stop  Sprlne  Squeaks  by  aqnirtini;  S-ln-One  along  the  edgea  and 
on  tlie  ends  of  your  aprin^s.  Penetrates  at  once,  findu  the  ectueak  and  kills 
it.  Sold  at  all  Btorea  in  .^"c,  i3c  and  \bc  bottles ;  also  in  Handy  Oil  Cans,  2.^. 

I7D1*  17  Generous  sample,  special  circulars  for  motorists  and  Dictioiuuy 

riVljb  of  general  Uses.    Write  for  tliem  all  today.   A  iiostal  will  do. 

Three-iii-ODe  Oil  Co..  165  AEM  Brawiway,  New  York 


{fondy  Oil  Cap' 

THREE  IN  ONE  OIL 

' PREVENTS  RUST 

LUBRICATES 
^U  ■  CLEANS  AND 
POLISHES 

TALKING   MACHlNfS 
SCWINO  WACHINC5 

TyprwwiTisj  * 

CLCCTRIC  fAMS 
RAlOftS  fc  JT«O^S 

I         rise-A»»*$ 

JCAJ»M6ISrlll3ll-A*~ 
"■"l  LIGHT  HACMINtBV,  !'(- 
^•OS.rURNITUAE  iwOODWOS^- 

THREE  IN  ONE  OircO^""^ 

^        „    AfK  rofls.l/S*,,        ^ 


THE  LENOX-»«<  THE  BRUNSWICK    ' 


A  Richer  luxury,  a  greater  com- 
fort has  been  added  to  the 
quiet  stately  dignity  of  this  charm- 
ing hostelry  through  remodelling 
and  new  furnishings  of  rare 
beauty. 

T^e  'Brunswick 

In  Copley  Square,  Boston 

Too  Batlcn  HakU  ruleJ  hu  a  tlngk  thought  SERyiCE 

L.  C.  PRIOR,  President 

COMBINING  the  convenience 
of  nearness  to  the  best  shops, 
the  theatre  and  the  train  is  found 
that  correctness  in  appointment 
and  service  that  makes  dining 
here  a  real  joy. 


The  J^nox 

In  fashionable  Back  Bay,  Boston 


^m^ 


BY  THE   WAY 

Michael,  who  wm  once  Tlie  Outlook's 
"  printer's  devil "  (he  signs  himself  thus, 
for  old  time's  sake),  writes  a  letter  from 
the  front  to  his  old  friends  in  tlie  compos- 
ing-room. He  says  :  "  We  boys  have  been 
put  into  action  at  last.  Beheve  me,  the 
boys  showed  themselves  up  fine  in  their 
first  conflict  with  the  Boche.  I  wish  yoa 
could  liave  seen  us  go  over  the  top,  obtain- 
ing our  objective  and  driving  them  back. 
\fe  had  to  laugh  when  the  English  Tony 
niies  relieved  us  for  a  rest,  so  they  could 
take  up  tlie  advance.  For  we  learned  that 
we  hau  driven  the  Boches  so  far  that  the 
Tommies  had  a  hard  time  finding  theml 
But  thank  my  stars  I  came  out  pretty  safe 
myself  and  am  back  in  a  rest  camp  for  a 
while.  Hope  to  hear  from  you  soon,  as  ns 
fellows  die  for  mail  from  the  States."  Wc 
are  proud  that  Michael's  hands,  which  were 
once  black  with  printer's  ink,  are  now  black 
with  powder  used  in  putting  the  Boche 
where  he  belongs — either  in  this  world  or 
the  next. 

Parents  who  despair  of  their  children 
may  find  consolation  in  this  story  about 
Liebig,  the  famons  chemist,  from  Professor 
Swift's  "  Psychology  and  the  Day's  Work:" 
On  one  occasion  ¥rlien  the  school  director 
visited  young  Liebig's  cla«8  and  heard  his 
wretched  recitation,  he  told  him  that  he 
was  the  plague  of  his  teacher  and  the  sor^ 
row  of  his  parents.  What  could  he  ever 
do  ?  The  boy  replied  that  he  was  g^ing  to 
be  a  chemist.  The  director  laughed  uproar- 
iously. The  boy's  father  finally  withdrew 
him  from  school  because  he  could  not  keep 
up  with  his  class.  In  his  mature  year. 
Liebig  said  that  the  cause  of  his  inabihty  tt 
do  tlie  class  work  was  that  his  aaditory 
memory  was  weak — he  could  rtftain  little 
or  nothing  that  he  heard. 

In  reminiscences  of  Lafcadio  Heam  l>y 
his  wife,  a  Japanese,  the  following  things 
that  were  disliked  by  the  erratic  genius  arr 
enumerated :  "  He  disliked  liars,  abuse  ot 
the  weak.  Prince  Albert  coats,  white  shirts, 
the  city  of  New  York,  and  many  other 
things.  He  was  fond  of  the  sea  and  of 
swimming,  of  "  lonely  cemeteries,"  of  ghost 
stories,  of  Martinique,  and  of  sach  man* 
dane  things  as  beefsteak  and  pliuu  padding 

A  correspondent  of  "  Collier's  "  who  wis 
under  shell  fire  on  Hill  212  in  the  battle  A 
the  Ourcq  says :  "  I  think  it  was  the  nintfa 
or  tenth  shell  that  for  the  fraction  of  as 
instant  fully  convinced  me  that  I  wat 
through.  The  explosion  turned  me  qait« 
over  where  I  lay  flat,  all  huddled  ap.  .  . . 
At  the  end  of  forty-five  or  fifty  minutes  th* 
captain  decided  that  we  might  duck,  one  at  > 
time.  We  rolled  out  of  the  shell-hole  on  all 
fours  for  an  old  wall  a  hundred  yards  awar. 
I  don't  know  what  the  all-fours  record  bs 
a  hundred  yards  is,  but  I  think  I  hold  it." 

"  Household  assistants "  is  a  new  tent 
for  tlie  tabooed  word  "  servant "  or  its  sor- 
cessor  "  domestic  helper."  It  appears  in  tb>! 
New  York  "  Times  "  m  the  following  adve^ 
tisement,  which  also,  it  will  be  notienl 
introduces  the  eight-hour  day  into  hoo; 
hold  service : 

Botuehold  aaastsnts  (two)  wanted  ia  paoM 
family ;  eight  hours  daily  ;  aiz  days  weeUj ;  •• 
fromStoS:  another  from  11  to  8 ;  allaffiarln^. 
DO  meals;  aleephome;  wages  SIO.  Apply ,«c 

Discussing  the  nse  of  the  camel  in  areir 
work,  Mr.  Albert  Kinross  says  in  tb* 
"Atlantic  Monthly:"  "I  have  never  niiV 
any  one  who  liked  a  cameL  The  canad  wi 


1918 


THE  OUTLOOK 


815 


By  the  Wag  (Continuedi 
the  best  thing  that  can  be  said  abont  him. 
Socially  he  is  an  ill-conditioned  charl,  and 
treacheroas  into  the  bargain.'  A  mule  will 
save  ap  an  honest  gpnidge  for  months,  and 
then  take  it  out  of  you  with  a  well-planted 
kick ;  but  a  camel  will  so  for  vou  simply 
because  he  feels  like  it.  They  tnink  noth- 
ing of  picking  you  up  with  their  teeth  and 
shaking  the  sand  out  of  yoa." 

A  book  whose  edges  have  never  been 
trimmed,  the  New  York  "  Sun "  savs,  is 
"micut"  Collectors  know  that  books  in 
that  state  are  likely  to  be  more  perfect 
than  if  they  had  been  tampered  with  by 
binder  or  previous  owner,  and  value  them 
accordingly.  "  Bare  books,"  the  "  Son  " 
continues,  "  are  in  the  nature  of  mnsenm 
pieces,  to  be  treasured  and  kept  in  the  same 
condition  as  when  bought  Many  collectors 
own  as  many  as  three  copies  of  the  same 
work ;  one  to  treasure,  another  to  read,  the 
third  to  lend  to  a  circle  of  friends." 

The  Prince  of  Monaco  has  offered  his 
entire  principality  for  the  use  of  American 
floldiera  on  leave.  The  principality  is  famed 
both  as  a  health  and  scenic  resort  and  as 
the  greatest  gambling  center  in  the  world. 
The  gambling  casino  at  Monte  Carlo  is  not 
open,  however,  to  the  soldiers  of  any  na- 
toon,  and  this  rule  would  not  be  changed. 
The  Americans  could  see  the  great  gaming 
room  outside  of  business  hours,  and  at  other 
times  luxuriate  in  the  fine  hotels  and  the 
beantiful  scenery  of  this  &mous  peninsula. 

Apropos  of  a  paragraph  in  this  column 
aboat  toe  "  only  nigh  scnool  to  graduate 
triplets,"  a  subscriMr  writes  :  "  Hi  Walla 
Walla,  Washington,  there  are  three  triplet 
boys  past  eighteen  years  of  age  who  are 
entering  their  sophomore  year  of  college. 
They  are  sons  of  Professor  Howard  Brode, 
of  Whitman  CoUege  of  that  city.  Their 
names  surest  Scotch  descent,  as  they  are 
Hobert,  Wallace,  and  Malcolm  Brode.  All 
are  tall,  handsome  boys  of  exceptional 
mentality." 

Among  little  hmnors  of  the  dictionaries 
this  from  the  "Century  Dictionary  of 
I^ames  "  perhaps  deserves  a  place : 

Danmow  FUtch,  Tk». — A  flitoh  of  baoon  airanled 
to  any  manied  pur  who  oonld  take  oath  at  the 
end  of  the  fitit  year  of  their  married  life  that  there 
had  not  only  been  no  jar  or  qnarrel,  bnt  that 
neither  had  erer  wiehed  the  knot  nntied.  The 
eiutam  was  originated  in  Great  Dnnmow,  England, 
by  Robert  Fitzwalter,  in  1244.  The  flitoh  of  baoon 
baa  been  olaimed  aa  lata  as  1876. 

Bailway  and  Pullman  tickets  will  be  sold 
in  a  single  transaction  at  ticket  o£Bces, 
■Acording  to  plans  worked  out  by  the 
Bailroad  AdministraUon  to  be  put  into 
effect  about  November  1.  Under  Uie  pres- 
ent arrangement  the  passenger  frequently 
stands  in  line  three  tunes ;  once  to  ascer- 
tain whether  Pullman  accommodations  are 
available,  before  buying  his  ticket,  again 
to  purchase  the  railway  ticket,  and  fiiwlly 
to  purchase  the  Pullman  ticket. 

Heniy  Ford,  who  revolutionized  anto- 
mobile  construction,  wants  to  revolutionize 
railway  car  construction.  He  criticises 
present-da;^  rolling  stock,  as  quoted  in 
**  Engineering  and  Contracting :"  "  Passen- 
owr  trains  weigh  fifty  to  one  nundred  and 
fifty  times  as  much  as  the  passengers  in 
them.  Four-fifths  of  a  railway's  work 
to-day  is  hauling  the  dead-weight  of  its 
own  wastefully  heavy  engines  and  cars." 
The  editor  of  "  Engmeering  "  comments : 
**  If  ^ven  adequate  mcentive,  it  is  probable 
that  m  the  next  twenty  years  there  will  be 
little  left  of  our  present  railways  save  their 
rights  of  way  and  station  grounds." 


KAISERS  and  KINGS 

—used  to  tempt  Americans 
•broad  to  the  iamous  enres  of 
Europe.  But — nrnvar  again  I 
Amerioans  KNOW  now  that 
Amerioan  "eures"  (or  Ameri- 
oon  ills,  and  eipecially  for  that 
fine,  hi^-teniioned  Amerioan 
heart,  are  not  only  just  aa  good 
but  bmttmr  for  Amaricani. 

and.  In  tlut  eomtmetion 

THE  Glen  Springs 

The  Pioneer  Amerioan  "Cure** 
For  Heart  Dieerders 

its  waters  and  expert  treat- 
ments offer  all  the  medicinal 
and  oorative  advantages  of 
the  Spaa  abroad.  Iti  "  Cure  " 
will  rest  and  baiU  ap  and 
make  new  your  "  Human 
Machine." 

WATKINS  QLEN         NEW  YORK 

Wm.  E.  LeSoSarall,  Pret. 


$7.00 
by  mail, 


MadBout 

of  thick  nufod 

black  Dog  SUn 

Abora  carrim  Uoingi  of  little  kmb  ddni.  Prioa  with 
mobair  fleece  Uningt  tG-ISO.  For  ootntort,  sppeanmae 
•od  dmafaOity  yoa  ounot  And  their  equal  for  the  price. 
Our  iUiutntea  oatadog  givea  meaomv  directlcna  and  a 
wliole  lot  of  other  tnfonnation  about  ciutccD  t^iwihij 
of  hidea  and  ildna  with  liair  or  fur  on ;  coat,  robe 
and  nig  making:  taxldenny  and  liead  moontfaig ;  alio 
prima  u  fur  good*  and  big  mounted  game  lieada  we  aell. 

THE  CBOSBY  PKISIAN   PUB  COMPANY, 
ooheatcr.  N.  Y. 


IMPORTANT  TO 
SUBSCRIBERS 

When  you  notify  The  Outlook 
of  a  change  in  your  address,  both 
the  old  and  the  new  address 
should  be  given.  Kindly  write, 
if  possible,  two  weeks  before 
the  change  is  to  take  effect. 


IE  PAGES 


WILL    MEND    IT 


is  made  by  the 

RUSSIA  CEMENT  CO.  GIOUCESTER.MASS. 

u^o  also  make  and  guarantee 


CIGNET 

^^^    THE     PERMANENT  ■ 

INK 


Yon  Can  Heart 


Don't  say  that  It  cnnnot  be  done— Had  Mr 
Bell bhM  that, tlicre  would  have  bct.ii  no  t<!li|<hone»- 
I  liave  shown  ovit  SJo.ooo  di-nt  pfnona  thut  they 
can  h^ar  dlHtim-tly  and  have  thousands  of  irratp- 
ful  lettcre  tmm  them,  mainly  because  1  said  to 
Ulem  what  1  now  my  to  you— "My  company  doos 
not  want  accnifi-om  yoa  until  you  /tnoicthat  tho 
AoouBllcon  wiU  make  you  huar.''  JuBt  wnd  a  lino 
and  Bay  "I  am  hiird  of  hcarlnir  and  will  try  the 
Acousticon."  wo  will  Iminodlately  s»*ud  yoa. 
charges  paid,  the  new  and  Inconsplcuoua 

1918  Acousticon 

"p^IiSi'  i^s  KS:^ 

.After  TOO  hays  given  it  any  teat  that  yon 
^PV-  itI'  ontlrely  for  yoa  to  ear  whether  yoa 
win  keep  or  ratam  It— at  leatt  yoa  will  know 
WMtlleryoa  an  among  the  hnndredi  of  thooaanda 
ft  tmtunate  onae  to  whom  it  doe*  natore  normal 
hearing  Aadit  wUlhaTeeaatyoaaothlncto  tiT 
T^iota  «ent,_Mne«  the  pfrfecUng  of  our  new  uA 
Mar,  and  loataaatroDC 


GENEKALAC0ianCC0..13aCbdhrHL,lhwT«t 

Canadian  Oflloe,  en  New  BIrka  Bidg.,llantriBl 


This  FREE  Shoe  Book 


pnotoffTkpha  uid  descrlptioiu 
or  MeD.WoiiMD  una  ChllilreD. 
sent  postpaid,  Kuarant**d 


t  poi 


.and  quaUtT.  to 
k.    Amazlncky  I 


^^^'FESimonShoe'B^K?'::*; 


Women's 

Complexions 

and  Moma  Bona 

REAL  skin  beauty  is  a  God-given 
quality  possessed    by  about 
six  women  out  of  every  hundred. 

To  secure  it  the  other  ninety-four 
need  human  assistance  —  which 
should  be  of  a  character  to  improve 
the  skin  and  clear  the  complexion, 
not  merely  to  cover  up  blemishes. 

"MOMA  BONA" 

are  Tapanese  words  meaning 
Peacn  Blossom  j  an  appropriate 
name  for  the  toilet  preparations 
made  by  myself  from  Japa- 
nese formulas  used  by  famous 
beauties  of  the  Butterfly  Land 

Moma  Bona  cremes,  lotions  and  pow- 
ders are  absolutely  pure,  and  will  give 
the  ninety-four  per  cent  of  women 
the  kind  of  help  they  need  to  health- 
fulh  develop  their  charm  of  face 
and  complexion.  All  described  in  a 
little  booklet  I  will  send  if  requested. 

Crtme  de  Xuit  is  a  iivnJtiful  night  crtme. 
Originally  made  for  my  frixnite  use,  it 
appeals  to  patrons  of  my  New  York  Salon, 
to  the  exclusion  of  all  other  similar  cnmts. 
ti.2S  a  Jar 

Whaterer  year  boe  trouble  write  to  me  aboot  it. 
UDdaol>tedIy  I  can  lielp  you.    Do  it  today. 

OTEUA  WESLEY 
■07  FiMi  Atmid*  (402)  Naw  York 


Digitized  by  VJ^^VJV  l*^ 


316 


THE   OUTLOOK 


THE  OUTLOOK  CLASSIFIED  ADVERTISING  SECTION 

Advertising  Bates :  Hoteb  and  Reaorta,  ApartmenU,  Toon  and  Tmrel,  Real  EBtato,  Lire  Stock  and  Fonltry,  fifty  oenu  per  agata  line, 
four  oolnmas  to  the  page.  Not  lem  than  four  lines  accepted.  In  calculating  space  required  for  an  advertisement,  count  an  average  of  six  words  to  the 
line  unless  display  type  is  desired. 

"  Want "  advertiBements,  under  the  variaiu  headings,  "  Board  and  Rooms,"  "  Help  Wanted,"  etc.,  tea  cents  for  each  word  or  initial,  tnoladinK 
tbe  address,  for  each  Insertion.  The  first  word  of  each  "  Want"  adrertiseraent  is  set  in  capital  letters  withoat  additional  charge.  Other  words 
may  be  set  in  oapitala,  if  desired,  at  double  rates.  If  answers  are  to  be  addressed  in  core  of  The  Outlook,  twenty-five  cents  is  charged  for  the  box 
number  named  in  the  advertisement.  Replies  will  be  forwarded  by  na  to  the  advertiser  and  bill  for  postage  rendered.  Special  headings  appropriate  to 
the  department  may  be  arranged  for  on  application. 

Orders  and  copy  for  Classified  Advertisements  must  be  received  with  remittance  ten  days  before  the  date  of  issue  when  it  is  intended  the  advertiae- 
ment  shall  first  appear. 

Address:  ADVERTISING  DBPARTMBNT,  THE  OUTLOOK,  881  FOURTH  AVENUE,  NEW  YORK  CTTT 


Hotels  and  Resorts 


CALIFORNIA 


San  Ysidro  Ranch 

Bnnnlowi  of  nuioiu  sIm*  situated  oo  the 
foothUls  amons  orsnge  gnywem,  overloolriiiK 
tbe  sea.  Central  dinlng-rooot,  electric  Uabta, 
hot  and  cold  water.  Six  mijes  from  Ssnta 
Barbua,  two  miles  from  ocean.  Booklet.  Ad- 
dreaa  Sn.  HARLEIOH  JOUNBTON,  San 
Yaidro  Ranch,  Santa  Barbua,  CaUfomia. 


CONNECTICUT 


WawnJa  l.i.      NKW  MII.FORD 

naytiae  inn  Litohaeid  co.,  conn. 

Tba  foothills  of  the  Berkihires.  A  reatful 
place  for  tired  people.  Good  food  and  a  com. 
lortable  borne.  2  houn  from  New  York.  $14 
a  week  and  up.  Booklet  A. 

Mis.  J.  K.  CA8TLK.  Proprietor. 


FLORIDA 


BREHON  INN 

OnnoDd  Beach,  Fla. 

(^i>ens  December  J^h. 

Golf.  Good  Roads. 

Bathing.      Orange  Groves. 

FwiL   and  Food  in  Plenty. 

Jajies  p.  ViNiNO,  Mgr. 


MA8»ACHU8ETT8 


If  Toa  Art  Tired  or  Not  Feeling  Well 

70U  cumot  flud  a  more  oomfoitable  ptaoe  in 

New  Xnslftud  thui 

THE  WELDON  HOTEL 

ORBKNFIELD,  MASS. 

Ik  affords  all  the  comforts  of  borne  without 

extrsncanoe. 


NBW   YCRK  CITY 

Hotel  Le  Marquis 

31«t  Street  &  FiMi  Arenue 
New  York 

OomUnss  sverr  oooTeniaaoe  and  home 
eomfort,  and  commends  Itself  to  people  of 
refinement  wishing  to  live  on  American  Plan 
and  be  within  easy  reach  of  social  and  dra- 
matic centers. 

Room  and  bath  S4.30  per  day  with  meala,  or 
tlM  per  daj  without  meals. 

Illustratad  Booklet  gjadlv  sent  upon 
request.  JOBM  P.  TOLSOlT 

The  Margaret  Louisa 

of  the  T.  W*  C.  A. 
14  Ea»t  16th  Stn  New  York 

A  homelike  hoC«l  (or  MU-eupportliig 
women.  Single  rooms  tl-00  per  nicrht.  Dou- 
ble rooms  ('^  beds)  $1.40  per  night.  ResUu* 
rant  open  to  all  women.  Bend  for  circular. 

adjoining  Judioo  Memorial  Church.  Rooms 
with  ud  without  bath.  Ratas  tU»  perdar, 
Including  meals.  Special  rates  for  two  weeks 
or  more.  Location  rery  central.  Cooveuient 
to  all  elcTated  and  street  car  lines. 


SOUTH   CAROLINA 

Furnished  Bungalows 

To  Rent  for  Month  or  Season 

Delightful  high,  dry  climate.  Table  board  if 
required.  OKKELNACRE,  Aiken,  8.  C. 


Hotels  and  Resorts 


WISCONSIN 


n 


ennqyer 


BllaHUhtd  IU7 


HMD  a<stt  ReMl  asd  SerilariM  «  Uks 
■iA..ii  lOO^cniiik.  IM«lt  Mn.  BetUd 


Health  Resorts 


I  INDPNIl^  M~l  Iw*  <•'  i/^ 

iiVlr     .  PeosUt.CilWJI 

DsvMlewa.  Pa.  |  An  iuiitltutloa  devoted  to 
tbe  personal  study  and  specislUed  treat- 
meotof  tbe  invalid.  Maassge,  Xleotricity, 
~    '     '        ly.     Apply  for  circular  to 

tmacorr  WALxaa,  M.D. 

Ilaie  of  The  Walter  Sanitarium) 


Crest  View  Sanatorium 

Or«enwloh,Ct.  Firat.clssstaiallreg>eot«, 
borne  comforts.       H.  M.  Hiicuoocs.  U J). 


INTERPINES 


w 


Beautital,  qolet,  restful  and  homelike.  Orer 
K  years  of  successful  work.  Thorough,  re- 
liable, dependable  sod  ethical.  Brerr  com- 
fort and  conyenlence.  Acoommodatlona  of 
•uperiorqnality.  Dlsordsrof  thenerronieye- 
tem  aspwlalty.  Pred.  W.  Seward.  Sr.,  M.l)., 
Pred.  W.  Seward.  Jr..  M.D..  Ocslieu.  N.  T. 


Dr.  Reeves'  Sanitarium 

A  Prirate  Home  for  chronic,  nerrous,  snd 
mental  iiatiaotB.  Alsoehlerly  people  requiring 
care.  Harriet  &  RaeTes.  H.l>..  Helrcee.  Mass. 


Real  Estate 


CONNECTICUT 


FOR  SALE 

A  smnll  farm  with  a  13-room  house 
suitable  for  boarding-house  or  two  fsmiHea ; 
running  water  upstairs  and  down ;  good  bam 
and  ben  bcoss.  Half  61  four  aciee  of  crops 
and  farming  tools  Included,  large  brook 
thfoogh  pasture.  Price  S2,100. 

J.  jrCABSIDT,  Woodbury,  Conn. 


FLORIDA 


n<knJ«  TO'R  RENT  OR  SAI.E. 
riOnna  2  completely  furnished  cottagee. 
Oarage,  dock,  Indian  River  frontage.  taw-flM 
seseon.  Fishing.  Bunt,  Cocoa.  Fla.  Box  K. 


Lake  Front  Orange  Groves 

In  besrlng,  near  beautiful  WINTER 
HAVEN,  FLA.  f4.«IO  to  *»,W0-  B-  B. 
WAD8WORTM,  Lakeland,  Fla. 


NEW    HAMPSHIRE 


FOR  SALE 

A  SUCCESSFUL  CAMP 
FOR  BOYS 

Beantifnlly  located  on  well-known 
New  Hampshire  lake.  Complete  eqoip- 
raent.  Price  moderate.  2,744,  Outlook. 


CHRISTMAS    QIFTS 

COPLEY  CRAFT  CHRISTMAS  CARDb 
Hand-colored,  with  specially  appropriate 
versee,  sent  on  approval.  Consignmenta  for 
sales.  Diacounta  to  thoae  selling  among  friends. 
Jessie  A.  McNIcol,  18  Huutiugton  Ave.,  Boa- 
ton,  Mass. 


HELP  WANTED 


Buslnagg  Situations 

KNITTERS  on  infanta'  booteea,  sweaters, 
blaukeu.  Work  sent  out  of  town.  Tbe  R.  R. 
Barringer  Co.,  29  E.  31st  St.,  Mew  York  City. 


HELP  WANTED 


Bualneas  Situations 
VANTKD— Women  between  twenty-Bre 
and  flfty  years.  Travel  and  sell  business  men. 
Bottcitlng  experience  unnecessary  and  unde> 
sired.  Attiactlve  personalitr,  polite  penist- 
ency,  pleasantness,  and  obedience  are.  Users 
of  liouon,  tobacco,  or  drags  undeslred.  Drsb 
psssfmists  will  not  sncceed;  sensibis  optimists 
will.  Permsnent  salaried  positiou,  with  free 
sommeis  and  advancement.  Address  Box 
at,  CarUBIe.  Fa. 

Companions  saJ  Domsstle  Hol»*rs 

WANTBD— Young  or  middle-<wed  woman 
as  housekeeper,  companion,  and  helper  co 
small  attractive  Adirondack  farm.  Lsdy 
owner  running  term  herseU.  Applicant  must 
be  tcSned,  sweet-tempered,  and  food  c<  ani- 
mals. An  EngUsliwoman  desiiable.  State 
wages.  Best  references  reouired.  Addreis 
Pauline  Braodreth,  Braudreth  lake  Farm, 
Biandieth.  N.  Y. 

WORKING  bonaekeeper  far  family  of  two 
adulta  and  two  arrull  children  in  Wsshlngtoo 
suburb.  Pleasant  perstmalHy  and  ordinary 
knowledge  of  housework  and  cooking  re- 
quired. Country  training  preferred.  Cufare 
paid  reasonsble  distance  for  promising  appli- 
cant. Good  home  for  widow  or  wife  of 
soldier  abroad.  Room  647,  Uunsey  Building, 
Wsahtogton,  D.  C. 

WANTED-Male  companion  for  gentleman 
recovering  from  nervous  and  mental  break- 
down. Must  be  refliied,atbletie,  fond  of  walk- 
ing, cheerful,  steady,  wUSng  to  travel.  Posi- 
timi  in  many  ways  esceptkmal.  Hours  for 
study.  «,SU,  Outlook. 

COOK-BOUSEKEEPER.   Protestant.  In- 


telligent, healthy,  and  stnng.    Oood 

■    ~ ■    \FslrHeld,  Con 

ih  well-tiained  chlliL 

between  six  and  twelve.  Pleasant 


cook.  For  oountfy  place,  Fslrfleld,  Corm.  Mo 
objection  to  mother  with  well-tiainad  child 


jome,  good  wagee,  steady  place  for  conscien- 
tious service.  6,328,  Outlook. 

SUPERINTENDENTS,  secretariee,  gov- 
ernesseamatrou^dietitiaiiB,  mothers*  helpers, 
companions,  etc.  The  Wilton  Exchange,  Box 
270,  BtTjoeeph,  Michigan. 

MOTHER'S  helper  and  companion.  Bus- 
band  in  army.  Pleassnt  borne  In  New  Eng- 
land college  town.  One  speaking  Frenoi 
preferred.  Mrs.  W.  N.  Morse,  H  Nonbampton 
Road,  Amherst,  Mass. 

WANTED— Mature  woman  for  govemees 
or  mother's  helper  for  girls  two  ianA  eight. 
Want  French  priinary  innructloa.  knowl^oge 
of  physioal  care.  Stue  age,  nationality.  Beat 
references.  6,333,  Outlook. 

WOULD  some  refined  woman  Hke  to  share, 
without  expense,  lovely  home  in  New  Jersey 
suburb  with  lady  and  sging  mother,  giving 
light  services  ss  companion  and  attendant  it\ 
exchange  for  board?  Servants  kept.  Msny 
free  hours.  6,338,  Outlook. 

Tsachsrs  and  Qovsrnassss 


GOVERNESSES,  mstrons,  mothers'  help- 
.ra,  cafeteria  managers,  dietitians.  Miss 
Richards,  M7  Howard  Building,  Providence. 


Boston,  16  Jsokson  Hall,  Trinity  Court, 
Thtndtys,  11  to  L 

WANTED— Competsnt  teachers  for  public 
and  private  schools  and  colleges.  Send  for  bu|. 
letki.  Albany  Teachers'  Agency,  Albany,  M.T. 

TOUNO  French  govemees  of  experience 
snd  highest  references  wanted  in  New  Haveu. 
6,332,  Outkwk. 


SITUATIONS    WANTED 

Business  Situations 
SECRETARIAI.,  residential  or  visltfaig; 
expert   stenographer  \    special    experience. 
6,131,  Outlook. 

Comoanlonsaal  Oomastic  Halpars 

AMERICAN  lady  as  companion-helper, 
fond  of  home  duties,  experienced  In  nurstug. 
Callable  of  taking  charge  of  correapondence. 
Qood  needlewoman.  Best  references.  6,319, 
Outlook. 

RAL8T0NITF.-French  lady,  widow,  « 
years  old,  member  of  tbe  Ralston  Health 
Club,  1.5  vears  iu  IT.  B.,  wiahea  to  give  up 
buRineaa  life  and  devote  herself  to  the  making 
of  a  home  and  cook  lor  one  or  several  gentle- 
men. 6,3211,  Outlook. 

YOUNO  English  girl  ss  companion  or 
nursery  (^nvenieas.  Capable  full  charge  chil- 
dren.  Kefereucea.  6.3'-'2,  Outlook. 


SITUATIONS   WANTED 


OomoanlonssaJ  Domastle  Halpats 


EXPERIENCED,  adncated  rr<mwaw 
woman  deslras  postnon  ss  superintendent  or 
msnsging  matron  of  institutioa  or  home. 
Highest  references.  Address  F.  A.  WatUaa 
IQl  17th  St.,  Superior,  Wia 

CONGREGATIONAL 


-MM, 


would  like  tempoiary  poaltian  as 
in  home  or  institatiati.  Best  refera 
Outkiok. 

LADY,  a  Virgfaiian,  vriahes  position  as  oom- 
pauioitgovemess  or  chaperon  in  refined 
Christian  home  of  means,  preferably  In  ths 
BouUi.  for  the  winter.  Address  K.,  I<  O.  Box 
U7,  EsstvUle,  Va 

WAMTED-Toong  woman  cf  diaiactersn) 
refliwmant  ss  mother's  helper.  Ohild  of  two. 
Overstabt  of  older  children.  Christian  home. 
Experience  not  necessary.  (,396,  Outlook. 

CAPABLE  woman,  travel  Sooth  with  elderly 
gentleman  not  well.  CM),  Outlook. 

WOMAN  would  manage  honss  wrbere  ser- 
vants are  kept.  Entire  chiuge.  6,SM,  Onttook. 

Teachers  and  CoYemesaas 

WANTED,  by  teacher  of  broad  experience 
and  tiaining,  position  ss  teacher  and  com- 
panion to  chad  needing  individoaJ  care. 
Capable  of  taking  entire  charge.  Beferenoes. 
6,308,  Outkxik. 

BEGINNERS  snd  mote  sdvanoed  papOi  for 

Erivate  clswei  in  school  work  will  be  socepted 
y  trataied  huly  teacher  of  high  ability  and 
knuTiumrience.  First-class rdferenoea  iJOi, 


MISCELLANEOUS 


PATRIOTISM  by  Lnnan  Abbott,  aMo  4 
verses  of  America— TbeTledge  to  the  Ftsg- 
S  verses  of  The  Btar-Spanglsa  Banner,  allm  a 
little  leaflet.  Further  the  cause  of  PatrictiBB 
by  distributing  in  your  letters,  in  pay  envel. 
opes,  in  schools,  enarctaea,  cloba,  and  socisl 
gstberings.  300  ssnt  prepaid  for  30  peats, 
Arthur  M.  Moiss,  Mooiohib^N.  J. 


M.  W.  WIghtman  &  Co.  Shoppinc  Aasney. 
established  Ian.  No  charge ;  prompt  deSvesy, 
44  West  23d  St..  New  York.  *^      *" 


RENT  FREE  of  eomfortabls  hooss  sa 
Hudson  River,  hoar  from  M.  Y  ,  and  tssssb- 
able  amonnt  allowed  for  coal,  to  coopls  {er 
two  women)  to  cars  for  bouse  snd  komt 
occasional  aervice  to  owner's  family  on  thsir 
Infrequent  visita  6,3K,  Outkxdc. 

MRS.  A.  S.  Shelby  opened  bar  cookiag 
school  for  young  ladies  October  IS.  Hew 
cissses  every  six  weeka  Hie  home  and  soi^ 
roundings  srs  ideal.  The  best  care  and  tahls 
sssured.  Can  only  aocommodate  U  people. 
Located  just  one  mile  of  Lexlngtoa  on  Bollsy. 
For  particulars  and  terms  sddress  Mrs.  A.  S. 
Shelby,  Versailles  Road,  Lexington,  Ky. 


YOUR  WANTS  IN  BVERT  UNE 
of  bonsehold,  edncational,  biuDneaa,  or 
personal  aerrioe  —  domestic  worker*, 
teachers,  nurses,  boaineas  or  profes- 
sional assistants,  etc.,  etc. — whether 
yoa  require  help  or  are  seeking  a  atiia- 
tion,  may  be  Blled  throagh  a  little 
announcement  is  the  CLASSLFIKP 
COLUMNS  OF  THE  OUTLOOK. 
If  yon  have  some  article  to  sell  or 
exchange,  these  oolnmns  may  prove  of 
real  value  to  you  as  they  have  to  many 
others.  Send  for  desoriptive  eircnlar 
and  order  blank  AND  FILL  TOITR 
WANTS.  Addreas 
Deportment  of  Claaaified  Adveiti^iig 
THE  OUTLOOK 
381  Foortb  AveDne,  New  York 


Digitized  by  VJWVJV  l*^ 


THE   OUTLOOK 


317 


You  Canlearn 

It  In  Almost  No 

Jime.ItsEver 

So  Simple, 


YOU   CAN 


Learn  Paragon 

Shorthand  in  7  Days 


See  ForYourself-SendNoMoney-JustThe Coupon 


Ton  Can't  Get  Away  From 

Eyidence  Like  This 


Mastareci  in  S  Hours 


**I  noelTed  roar  Coorte  In 
Sbofthand  and  fiad  nuutend  tha 
ontb*  theory  In  fire  houn  after 
1  raoeiTed  It.  There  la  no  leaaon 
why  I  •hooldnt  be  able  to  write 
IM  worda  a  minute  after  a  little 
Ice.   To  thoaa  who  want  to 

Be  expert   atenosraphera,   i 

commend  your  Courae  Terr  hJiEh- 
■    "     "         •     jACKaoH,  Blielby- 


%lk' 


m. 


"  I  receired  your  Paia^on  Short- 
hand Gouxee  and  hare  maatered  it 
all  in  the  time  that  you  aaid  I 
could,  )toat  the  erenlnga  of  aeren 
daya,  and  tlw  eTvnioKa  were  not 
Tery  kxK  aa  we  were  harreating 
an  Of  time.  I  think  It  ta  the  only 
thins  and  will  reoonunend  it  to 
other  High  School  Btudenta  and 
alao  tTtenda."-Hlu>  F.  DlAX, 
Falrriaw,  llont. 


In  Court  Reporting 

"I  haTe  been  the  Offlclal  Coort 
Reporter  tor  the  Ninth  Judicial 
Dirtrlot  of  Tioiilaiana  for  a  number 
of  yaara,  uaiiy  Pangcn  Short* 
hand  ucluaireiy.  Some  yeaia  ago 
1  leamed  thla  ayatem  m  aeren 
leaaotia  With  Pangoa  Shorthand 
I  am  abte  to  do  any  Mnd  of  work 
with  aa  great  rapidity  aa  the  oooa- 
aioo  nay  demand."— J.  Hibtuk 
BAMtMt,  lake  Proridence,  La. 


With  United  Statea 

GoTamment 

""It  took  me  about  one  week  to 
maatar  the  principlea  of  Paragon 
Bhortfaand.  My  ipaed  at  the  end 
c(  a  nwmth'a  pracnce  waa  BO  worda 
per  minute.  In  time  practice  gare 
me  reporting  apeed,  and  1  engaged 
In  that  woriL  having  reponed 
aome  c(  tlw  Hrgeet  conrentiona 
that  were  held  In  New  Orleana.  I 
am  now  with  the  Supply  OirtaUm, 
OiBoe  ot  the  Chief  of  Ordnance, 
UM  r  Street,  N.  W.,  Waahlngtoa, 
D.  C."— Baom  Boaqooii. 

Puacoa  la  alao  being  taught  hi 
the  High  Sohcola  cSHklton;  fu., 
LafayeiM,  Ind.,  Johnatown,  Pa., 
Atlanta,  Oa.,  and  elaewhere. 


In  Bis  Corporationg 

**  I  am  getting  along  fine  with 
ftngea  Sbortnuid.  It  la  all  yon 
eUm  for  It.  Itia  tan  to  wiUe, 
and  a*  Ibrapaad— thare'aDO  Hmit." 
—Jon  WiuM^  Ja.,  Btandard  OU 
Coamny,  Bogar  Creak,  Ma 


B7  Bniinw  Man 

I  am  Ming  Paragon  Shorthand 

B  MiMm  my  notea  fai  the  daily 

tha  work.  It  U  of  £■ 

help  In  aiding  oie  hi 

my  own  notea  of  prirate 

1  uKara  relating  to  my 

wait  In  aOaitfaig.  andliriih  I  had 

It  op  kug  ilnce."— Jom  F. 

Aodttor.fkirenae  Electric 

;  UUattnOowJPkmns,  S.G. 


Sent  On  7  Days 
FREE  TRIAL 

SEVEN  Daya !  Does  it  seem  to  you  incred- 
ible ?  Do  you  doubt  it  ?  Frankly,  many  of  the 
most  brilliant  and  successful  Patagon  Shorthand 
writers  were  just  as  skeptical  in  the  beginning. 
And  just  as  we  urged  them,  we  now  urge  you  to 
lay  aside  your  doubts  long  enough  to  make  the 
test  at  our  expense. 

Paragon  is  the  simplest  and  most  efiScient  and 
most  easUy  learned  ByBtem  of  shorthand  in  the  world.  It 
will  equip  yon  in  almost  no  time  to  take  a  fine  position  in 
business.  Whaterer  may  be  your  business  or  profession, 
yon  will  find  a  knowledge  of  Paragon  Shorthand  a  prioeleas 
idd  to  efficiency,  and  an  instrument  for  adranoeraent  and 
achievement.  Yon  can  use  it  for  dictation,  taking  down 
telephone  mettagea,  speeches,  conferences,  sermons,  lectures, 
lessons,  court  testimony— anting. 

See  How  Perfectly  Simple  It  Is 

The  entire  system  consists  of : 

1.  The  Paragon  AIphabet^-26  characters,  each  of 
which  can  be  written  mechanically,  with  a  single  stroke  of 
a  pencil. 

2.  26  simple  word  signs. 

3.  O  preHx  oontrsotiona. 

4.  1  general  rule  for  abbreviating. 
THAT  IS  ALL.  Speed  comes  easily  and  swiftly  with 


pisotioe. 
Now  prove  this— to  yourself. 


the 


Above,  at  the  right,  is  a  leaaon  that  will  teach  y 
first  6  characters.  Try  it.  See  how  little  time  it  takes  yon 
to  master  it.   Then  consider  that  you  have  already  learned 
6  out  of  the  26  whole  chaiacters  I 

Now  doyon  doubt  that  yon  can  learn  Paragon  Shorthand 
in  Seven  £fvenings  ? 

This  is  oar  Home  Study  Course.  We  will  send  it  to  yon 
for  free  examination  and  study,  to  use  just  as  if  it  were 
yonr  own — without  asking  you  to  send  a  penny  in  advance, 
or  obligating  yon  in  any  way.  The  new  price  to  intiodaoe 
Paragon  broadly  is 

Only  Five  Dollars 

This  i*  exactly  the  same  course  that  the  inventor  has  been 
teaching  for  2S  years — personally  by  mail — at  a  regular  fee 
of  S25  with  examinations  after  each  lesson.  The  Author 
has  now  arranged  his  whole  Course  in  Seven  Simple,  Short 


Try  This  Lesson  Now 

Take  the  ordinary  longhand  letter  yti  EUay 
laate  everrthing  but  the  long  downsuoke  and  then 
will  remain  /  This  is  the  Paragon  symbol  for 
O.    It  ii  always  written  damwaid. 

From  the  longhand  letter  ^  rub  out  every, 
thing  except  the  upper  part— the  circle— and  yoo 
will  have  the  Paragon  E.     • 

Write  this  circle  at  the  befianjag  of  /  and 
you  will  have  Ed.     / 

By  letung  the  circle  lemain  epaa  it  will  be  a  hook, 
and  this  hook  stands  (or  A.  Thus  /  will  be 
Ad  Add  another  A  at  the  end,  thu>  </  and  yoq 
will  have  a  girl's  name,  Ada. 

From  '^  eliminate  the  iniual  and  final  stroke* 
and  o  will  remain,  which  is  the  Paragon  symbol 
lorO. 

For  the  loogliaad  ^^n^  ,  which  is  msde  of  1 
strokes,  you  use  this  one  horlwntal  stroke    — . 

Therefore,  •    would  be  Ma. 

Now  continue  the  E  across  the  M.  so  as  to  add 
D— thus  "7*    and  you  will  have  Med.    Now  add 
the  Urg*  circle  lor  O,  and  you  will  have      7^ 
(medo),  which  i*  Maadew,  with  the  silent  A  and  W 
omitted. 

Yon  BOW  have  8  of  the  ckaracten.  There  are 
only  20  in  aU.  Then  yon  niemoriae  2(1  simple 
word-aigne,  6  prefix  coatractioaa  and  one  Bating 
rale  for  abbreviatioaa.  That  la  aJL 


Lessons  for  wide  distribution  at  a  popular  prioe  of  $5. 
With  this  Courae  yon  can  teaoh  yourself  at  home — in  seven 
evenings — with  the  seven  lessons  and  aa  ingenions  aelf- 
esamination  System  devised  by  the  Anthor. 
Remember  that  Paragon  Shorthaad  is  an 

Efficiency  Instrument  of  the  Hour 

Never  before  have  American  bnnness  and  the  Govern- 
ment at  Washington  felt  so  keeiUy  the  shortage  of  capable 
shorthand  writers.  You  see  Uncle  Sam's  appeal  on  the 
screen  of  the  movies,  in  the  news  columns  of  the  daily 
papers,  on  posters  in  public  buildings.  Big  business  houses 
are  looking  everywhere  for  shorthand  writers  and  are  ready 
to  pay  anv  salary  within  reason  to^t  the  service  they  must 
have.  Salaries  are  steadily  advancing — and  yet  the  demand 
for  shorthand  writers  has  not  been  met. 

This  Is  Your  Opportunity 

"  Paragon  in  Seven  Days  "  is  voor  key.  Whether  joa 
are  a  clerk,  salesmiui,  or  bookkeeper — college  or  high 
school  student — man  in  the  army  or  navy — a  wife  or  a 
young  woman  at  home — learn  shorthand,  Thouaands  of 
young  ambitions  men  and  women  who  have  failed  to  learn 
the  old  complicated  forms  of  shorthand,  have  maatered 
I^ragon  with  ease.  They  have  since  become  Court  Ste- 
nographers, Reporters,  Assistants  to  business  heads,  and 
in  many  cases  big  executives  of  prominent  ooncema  and 
institntioiis.  Thousands  of  grateful  letters  in  oar  file* 
attest  to  this  bust. 


Speed  and  Accuracy 


are  demanded  of  the  shorthand  writers  by  present-day  boai- 

'i  Paragon  you  can  write  without  mental  friction 

—no  complicated  "rules"  to  remember,  no  "lines'*  to 


With  Pa 


watch,  no  heavy  and  light  "  shading,"  no  tedious  memo- 
rizing, no  confusion  of  meanings  through  the  old  elimina- 
tion of  vowels.  It  goes  right  down  to  the  very  fundamentals 
of  shorl^nd  and  teaches  yon  the  essentials  as  logically  and 
as  cleaiiy  as  longhand. 

Send  No  Money — Just  the  Coupon 

Just  mail  the  coupon  now  and  receive  the  Complete 
Home  Study  Course  of  Seven  Leaaona,  Use  it  just  as  if  it 
were  your  own,  and  if  after  seven  days  yoo  don't  want  it, 
return  at  our  enenae  and  yon  will  owe  nothing.  Fill  in  the 
coupon  and  mail  it  NOW, 


More  EvideDce! 

J.  A.  Wh.  Wauio,  Prbi. 
dnl  o<  Ltith.  Erang. 
SSiool,  Briglitaa,  CoL, 
writes: 

"Tour  Bratem  la.  In- 
deed, a  ahort  and  almple 
one.  I  maatered  it  in  leaa 
than  five  iioura.  I  am  now 
ready  to  practice  for 
speea.  Your  system  cer- 
tainly deeerrea  beiuc  ad- 
Tertiaed,  and  1  ahair  cer- 
tainly do  my  iliare  wlwn 
opportunity  olTen." 


PARAGON  INSTITUTE  HOME  STUDY  DEPARTMENT 

601  Broad  St,  Suite  309,  Newark,  N.  J. 

V8R  THIS  FREE  EXAMINATION  COUPON 

PARAGON  HOME  STUDY  DEPARTMENT,  601   BROAD  ST..  Sails  309.  NEWARK.  W.  Jl 

I  Ton  may  aand  me  tlie  Com- 

plete  Courae  a(  PARAOOK      JToim 
I  Bliortliaod  wttli  the  dlatinot 
,  understandlns  that  I   hsTa  7 
I  daya  after  ita  reoeipt  to  either       ^utineu.. 
.  remail  the  Courae  to  you  or 
I  send  you  IJ.WI.  AdJr 


318 


THE   OUTLOOK 


6  November 


SILVERSMITHS 

TAUNTON.MASSACHUSETTS 

REPRESENTED    AT 

Fifth  Avenue  at  ^7^  Stiieet.-4  Maiden  Lane,'NewYork 
Boston  •  Chicago  •  San  Francisco  •  Dallas 


FOR  BEAUTY  OF  DESIGN.  INDIVIDUALITY  OF  STYLE 

REED  &  BARTON 

SILVERWARE  HAS  BEEN  FOREMOST  FOR  NEARLY  A  CENTURY 


LEADING  SILVER  MERCHANTS  EVERYWHERE  WILL  BE  GLAD 

TO  SHOW  YOU  Peed  a  Barton  exclusive  productions 


IMPORT  A  MT  TO  "^^^"^  y°"  notify  The  Outlook  of  a  change  in 

^A'^^  V-TX.  1  /Al\  I     1  vy  your  address,  both  the  old  and  the  new  address 

CT  TRQ/^RIRITD  C  should  be  given.    Kindly  write,  if  possible, 

jjyJD^y^ A\  a  D  I1»  AV  O  two  weeks  before  the  change  is  to  take  effect. 


trah  ■««tiBrih.lf»A«Whit>n»AJMt  V«kMlBul*«rr»niMit»il  Ami  wfaif 

All  Bnuh  Umm  Find  WHmN&ADAMS 

Tmd«  VULCAN  Mxfc 


BRUSHES 


risr  fa  QwHly.  EmiudBC  in 
WMT.  Ahmr>  SmH'Ntt  Fafl 

8Md  for  ffloitated  Htantora  tolImB  abenl  WkWarAdama  BnaiM* 

JOHN  L.  WHITING  -I.  J.  ADAMS  CO. 

BOSTON.  U.S.  A. 
nilrfiMi«rfiil»iiifiir  rtm  TTiii  lliiniliiilYiiiri 

Bmha  Imidid  OaU)  IlidiL  Dm  UibMl  wwd  M  PHw*.PielIc  bsMttln,  MU 


WHAT  HAS   BEEN   DONE    BY 
THE   A.   L.  A. 

(JUNE.  1917— JUNE.  1918) 

36  camp  library  bnildings  erected. 

41  large  coiup  libraries  established. 

91  hospitals  and  Red  Cross  houses  sup- 
plied with  books. 

200  trained  librarians  in  the  field. 

232  naval  stations  and  vessels  supplied 
with  libraries. 

236  small  camps  and  posts  equipped  witli 
book  collections. 

1,323  branches  and  stations  placed  in 
Y.  M.  C.  A.  and  K.  of  C.  hats,  barracks, 
and  mess  halls. 

300,000  books  shipped  overseas. 

400,000  technical  books  purchased. 

2,500,000  gift  books  in  service. 

5,000,000  gift  magazines  distributed. 

Books  wear  out  very  quickly  under  such 
hard  usage.  Oar  men  in  the  service  will 
need  increasing  numbers  of  books  through- 
out the  war. 

Will  you  not  send  them  more  of  yours? 
The  best  are  not  too  good. 

LiBKABY  Wab  Service,  Ahekicak 

LiBRART    ASSOCIATIOS. 

Don't  foreet  that  the  coming  United 
War  Work  drive  for  funds  will  aid  library 
work  for  soldiers  and  sailors. 


PROBLEM  OF  THE  FOREIGN 
WORKER 

(From  the  "  Iron  Age  ") 

The  vexed  question  of  the  foreign  worker 
in  munition  and  ordnance  plants  and  ia 
contributory  foundries  and  mines  was  taken 
up  by  Helen  Bacon,  Director  of  the  Mayor'i 
Americanization  Committee  of  Cleveuuid, 
at  the  second  National  Employment  Man- 
agers' Conference,  held  at  Kochester,  New 
York. 

The  speaker  maintained  that  many  em- 
ployers failed  to  recognize  that  a  large 
proportion  of  the  men  whom  they  classi- 
fied under  the  generic  name  of  foreign- 
ers were  members  of  subject  races  of 
Anstria  who,  if  the  real  aims  of  the  war 
were  explained  to  them,  so  that  they  real- 
ized that  tlieir  work  was  of  value  in  aidii^ 
in  the  overthrow  of  their  hereditary  enemy, 
would  throw  themselves  into  it  with  all  the 
vigor  of  their  age-old  patriotism  and  loyalty- 
She  acknowledged  that  it  was  scarcely 
possible  for  an  already  overworked  employ- 
ment manager  to  make  a  thorough  study 
of  the  histories  of  all  these  subject  race!> : 
but  she  did  suggest  that  a  surface  knowl- 
edge might  prevent  such  mistakes  as  the 
placing  of  Austrian  foremen  over  gangs  of 
Croatians  or  Slavs,  or  vrce  versa,  a  practice 
to  be  blamed  for  no  small  proportion  of 
strikes  and  riots  occurring  among  foreign 
workmen. 

Much  stress  was  laid  on  the  necessity  for 
factory  schools  for  the  foreign  workmen. 
The  man  with  initiative  and  energy  enoueli 
to  seek  out  a  night  school  might  safely  be 
left  to  his  own  devices,  she  said,  but  the 
rank  and  file,  who  dreaded  new  etiviroD- 
ment  and  contact,  must  be  taken  care  of, 
and  they  could  only  be  reached  through 
the  school  conducted  in  factory  hours  and 
in  the  factorv  building.  She  recommended 
that  one-halt  the  time  spent  in  the  school 
be  paid  for  by  the  employer  and  the  other 
half  by  the  employee,  ana  that  attendance 
be  made  compulsory  for  all  foreign  woilt- 
men. 

■  Digitized  by  KJKJKJWl\^ 


1918 


THE   OUTLOOK 


319 


^•m,|,|m,|;imiM^j||||||i<2i;r|{ 


liiii.iiiiniiiilllllillmiiiiiiilliHIIIiiihil 


IllilifliiViSilaliillmiw^^ 

Do  the  tteti^  words  asJSolsh&Viki, 
barvjagOf  Bache,  camotiflage^ 
vitctTnine^jUTtioi*  hiffK  schaoh 
ace*  fourth  aiin*  ukttl&le^ 
escddtntle^  fartk,  and  many 
others  convey  their  true  meaning  to 
you  ?   Can  you  pronounce  them  ? 


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^Parents  should  give  their 
boys  and  girls  every  op- 
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320 


THE   OUTLOOK 


6  Norember 


A   TRENCH   PESSIMIST 

The  New  York  "  Hera)d  "  recently  con- 
ducted a  library  prize  competition  to  which 
members  of  the  A.  E.  F.  in  France  were 
invited  to  contribute.  In  a  volume  entitled 
"  Songs  from  the  Trenches  "  (Harpers)  a 
hundred  or  so  of  the  thousand  poems  sub- 
mitted were  printed.  "Enthusiasts,"  by 
Sidney  G.  DoolitUe,  S.  S.  U.  621  Convois 
Automobiles,  did  not  win  one  of  the  two 
prizes,  perhaps  because  its  relation  alike 
to  poetry  and  to  verse  is  hazy ;  but  few 
readers  with  a  sense  of  humor  will  be  able 
to  resist  its  delightful  candor. 

KSTHVaiAglB 

I  hate  Enthusiasts : 
They  fret  me. 

There  are  the  Bachelor  Aunts ; 

The  ones  who  make  the  patent-medicine 
business  pay, 

And  who  go  around  expecting  to  die  with 
every  step. 

They  send  me  abdominal  bands  and  psalm- 
books, 

And  what  to  do  for  lumbago  ; 

When  I'm  only  worrying  if  the  next  shell 
has  my  name  on  it. 

They  are  always  trying  to  impress  upon  me 

That  the  Kaiser  is  &  (U'eadful  man 

And  that  this  war  is  a  terrible  tiling — 

As  if  I  thought  it  was 

A  blooming  picnic ! 

Will  some  Kind  soul  enlighten  them  ? 

And  there  are  the  Sweet  Things, 

The  little  original  "  bit-doers." 

They  write  me  letters  about  dances  and 

teas  and  things, 
While  I  sit  in  the  mud  and  read  them. 
Their  ideas  of  how  to  show  their  spirit  are 

funny, 
But  perhaps  if  s  punishment  for  my  sins. 
They  send  me  chewing-gum  and  strange 

things  called  sweaters, 
And  are  always  knitting  miles  of  mufflers. 
They  often  wish  they  could  come  over  here 
And  get  right  into  it. 
I  wish  they  could,  too —    . 
Then  I  wouldn't  have  to  answer    their 

letters. 

Then  there  are  the  Fire-Eaters 

Who  go  around  crying  for  raw  meat  and 

blood. 
And  who  belong  to  the  Odd  Fellows. 
They  want  me  to  hang  the  Kaiser  in  every 

letter. 
But  don't  teU  me  how  to  go  about  it. 
They  like  to  tell  me  how  I'm  helping 
Make  tlte  world  safe  for  Democrats, 
As  if  that  would  spur  me  on. 
And,  Lord  1  how  they'd  like  to  get  into  the 

army ! 
Thev'd  show  the  Boche  what's  what ! 
Well,  I  won't  stand  in  their  way — 
They  can  have  my  place  any  day. 

And  then  there  are  the  Family  Friends, 
The  ones  who  used  to  hold  me  in  their  laps. 
But  suppose  I've  forgotten  them. 
Now  I^  have  to  forget  aU  over  again. 
They  have  always  just  seen  my  folks, 
And  think  Mother  is  bearing  up  well 
But  Father  is  looking  older. 
They  complain  about  the  restrictions  in 

America — 
"  Why,  I  can  hardly  get  enough  meat  for 

Rover  r 
They  wish  they  could  do  something  for  me. 
Just  for  old  times'  sake. 
They  can — ^just  one  thing : 
Stop  writing  me ! 

I  hate  Enthusiasts : 
They  fret  me. 


Vol.  120 


The  Outlook 

Copyright,  1018,  by  The  Ondook  Compuiy 

TABLE  OF  CONTENTS 

November  6,  1918 


No.  9 


THK  OUTI/OOK  IS  PUBUSBKO  WEEKLY  BT  THE  OUTLOOK  COHPAirr,  381  FOURTH  AVENUE.  NEW  TORK. 
LAWBXNCK   F.    ABBOTT,    PRESIDENT.  N.    T.   PUL8IFEB,    VICE-PRESIDENT.  FRANK   C.    BOTT, 

TREASURER.  ERNEST  B.  ABBOTT,  8ECRETART.  TRAVER8  D.  CARMAN,  ADVKRTI8INO  MANAGER. 
TEARL7  SUBSCRIPTION-nFTT-TWO  IBSUE8-F0UE  DOLLARS  IN  ADVANCE.  ENTERED  AS  BBCOMt- 
CLA8S  UATTERi  JULY  21,  UH,  AT  THE  POST  OFFICE  AT  NEW  TORE,  UNDER  THE  ACT  OF  MARCH  I.  ig» 


The  Outlook  Delayed  by  a  Strike 327 

The  Correipondenoe  Between  Germany 

and  the  Preiident .  327 

Germany's  Lack  of  Good  Faith 328 

A  Deadly  ParaUel 328 

The  Austro-Huajariaii  Empire 328 

The  Liberty  Loan 329 

The  War  Work  of  the  Red  Cross 329 

Art  and  the  War 329 

The  Tax  BiU 330 

The  Elections  :  The  Senate ;  the  House  331 

Child  Labor  and  Man  Power 331 

Cartoons  of  the  Week 332 

Booze  or  Coal-WbichP 334 

The  Spoils  System  Again 334 

Against  the  Lean  Years 334 

Publie  Eating  PUoea 335 

The  Epidemic 335 

The  Advance  of  the  Allies 335 

President  Wilson's  Honors 336 

A  Permanent  Conductor  for  the  Boston 

Symphony  Orchestra 336 

The  British  Educational  Commission..  337 

The  Lutheran  Union. .  > 337 

Church  Union  in  China 337 

Gsrdening  in  England 337 

The  President  Re- Enters  Politics 338 

Berlin 338 

May  Only  Money  Talk  P 339 

"What  Shall  We  Do  with  RuiiiaP"..  339 
Concerning  Science  and  the  Heel  of  the 

Junker 340 

Eight  Books  of  Contemporary  Verse..  341 
The  Wild  Animals   of  North  America.  342 

Br  Theodore  Roosevelt 
The  President's  Fourteen   Points :  Are 

They  Clear  and  Final  P 343 

Br  Joeepb  H.  Odell 

Tbe  United  War  Work  Campaign 347 

The  Balkan  Question  :  The  Aipirations 

of  Our  Greek  Allies 348 

Making  America    Safe   for  Autocracy : 
An  Open    Letter   on   the  President's 

Congressional   Appeal 349 

Unconditional  Surrender  t  A  World  Slo- 
gan— Its  Inception  and  It*  Development  350 
Br  Mrlee  F.  Bradler 


A  Letter  from  a  Russian  who  Knows 
Russia  to  an  American  who  Also 
Knows  Russia. 351 

What  Shall  We  Do  with  Russia? 352 

Br  Riolurd  O.  Atkineoo 

To  Great  Britain  (Poem) 355 

Br  Herald  Trowbridge  Paleiler 

Immortality  and  a  Personal  God 355 

Br  ea  Amcrieen  Soldier 

Current  Events  illustrated 357 

Inside  the  Bar 364 

BrGrcJarr  Meeoo,  Steff  Correepondeol  oi 
The  Oniiook 

A  New  Dedication  (Poem) 366 

Br  John  Jer  Chepman 

When  the  Soldier  Comes  Back  :  How  the 
Government  Makes  Competent  Wage- 
Earners  Out  of  Disabled  Soldiers 366 

Br  Garrard  Harrie 

Of  Francesco  Mario  Guardabassi  (Poem)  369 

Br  Clinton  Seollerd 

The  Airplane  Myth  and  tbe  War 369 

Br  Lenreoee  La  ToaraUe  DriS*e 

The  Ghost  of  the  Village  (Poem) 371 

Br  Philip  Caryl  Jeesvp,  W7th  Inbntry.  A.  B.  F. 

Filling  the  Coal  Conservation  Bin  :  Sug- 
gestions Prepared  for  The  Outlook  by 
the  United  States  Fuel  Administration  371 

A  First  Night 372 

Our  Debt  to  France 372 

How  Scotland  Honored  American  Dead  372 

Weekly  Outline  Study  of  Corrent  History  374 
Br  i.  Madieoo  Gathany,  A.M. 

Election  Morning  (Poem) —  376 

Br  Hermann  HaSedom 

Bismarck's  Cynioiim 376 

The  Tiger-Kaiser. 376 

From  a  Soldier's  Letter 377 

Among  the  New  Novels 380 

The  New  Books 381 

Motor  Trucks  Aid  Shipyard  Construc- 
tion   388 

What  Has  Been  Done  by  the  A.  L.  A..  318 

Problem  of  the  Foreign  Worker 318 

A  Trench  Pessimist  320 

(general  Lee's  Sword 321 

Whittier  and  the  War. 321 

By  the  Way 391 


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OPPORTUNITY 

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Cor  Catsiogna,  sidna  TUK  iHaII  OV  STUDENTS. 


GENERAL  LEE'S  SWORD 

Referring  to  the  article  entitled  "  Sur- 
render— Not  Promised  but  Actual,"  in  the 
bsne  of  October  16,  1918,  in  your  maga- 
zine, there  is  the  statement,  "  When  Grant 
accepted  and  returned  Lee's  sword,  he  was 
dealmg  with  an  honorable  man."  In  the 
"  Personal  Memoirs  of  U.  S.  Grant,"  pub- 
lished by  the  Century  Company,  second 
volume,  p^e  346,  he  states :  "  The  much- 
talked-oi  surrendering  of  Lee's  sword  and 
my  handing  it  back,  this  and  mach  more 
that  has  been  said  about  it,  is  the  purest 
romance."  The  writer  has  taken  a  great 
deal  of  interest  in  articles  on  this  subject, 
and  has  often  wondered  that  so  many  make 
this  above  statement  which  is  without  foun- 
dation, according  to  General  Grant  himself. 

Dallas,  Texas.  J*  E.  HuTCUINSOX. 

WHITTIER  AND   THE  WAR 

It  was  not  surprising  to  see  in  yonr  issue 
of  October  16  the  letter  of  the  Rev.  Mr. 
Theodore  P.  Brocklehurst,  of  Giggleswick- 
in-Craven,  Yorkshire,  Englancf,  quoting 
some  lines  of  Whittier  which  appear  to  be 
pertinent  to  the  present  crisis.  For  any  one 
lamiliar  with  Whittier,  who  was  distinctly  a 
poet  of  liberty  and  freedom,  will  recall  nu- 
merous passages  which  in  general  sentiment 
reflect  toe  hopes  of  most  American  hearts 
to-day,  and  in  expression  voice  the  opinions 
of  a  large  part  oi  the  American  public. 

In  addition  to  these  more  or  less  general 
expressions,  which  might  indeed  apply  to 
many  circumstances  relating  to  the  bber- 
ties  of  mankind,  and  which  are  the  ele- 
ments that  convert  a  mere  writer  into  a 
poet,  evidences  of  the  divine  prophetic  fire 
that  kindles  the  soul  of  the  seer,  there  are 
one  or  two  striking  places  in  Whittier  that 
have  a  peculiar  pertinence  to  the  events  of 
the  last  four  years. 

In  the  poem  published  under  the  title 
"  Stanzas ''  there  are  lines  banning 
"Speak  I  shall  their  agony  of  prayer 

Come  thrilling  to  our  hearts  in  vain  ?" 
and  continuing  through  two  stanzas  and  a 
half,  which,  though  applying  originally  to 
other  slaves,  may  well  apply  to-oay  to  the 
slaves  of  a  Prussian  militansm. 

Again,  "  The  Peace  of  Europe,"  written 
and  true  in  the  year  1852,  was  equally  true 
and  applicable  in  1914— -so  true  tiiat  it 
might  almost  have  been  written  in  July 
of  that  year.  £.  W.  James. 

Washington,  D.  C. 

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Early 
Holiday  Buying 

Your  favorite  bookshop  is  the 

Elace ;  now  is  the  time — if  you 
eed  the  request  of  the  War 
Industries  Board  to  avoid 
overcrowding  mails  and  ex- 
press with  Christmas  gifts  in 
December.  This  year,  espe- 
cially, books  are  b^t.  Here  is 
a  good  selection : 

CTHE  STAR  IN  THE 
WINDOW, by  Olive  Higgim 

Prouty  (author  of  "  Bobbie, 
General  Mantiger"),  is  per- 
haps the  outstanding  Fall 
novel.  It  is  the  romance  of  an 
American  g^rl,  telline  how 
one  house,  once  blind  and 
visionless,  was  given  sight  and 
soul  by  a  star  in  the  window. 
"  Tremendously  entertain- 
ing," says  the  Spr^ig^eld 
Lnion.  "  Mrs.  Prouty  has  tm- 
doubtedly  scored  her  greatest 
success." 

C  There  is  more  tenderness 
and  humanity  in  THE  CHILf 
DREN  OF  FRANCE  and 
tho  R«d   Cross,  by  June 

Richardson  Lucas,  than  in 
any  book  we  have  seen  since 
the  war  began.  It  tells  of  the 
work  of  our  Red  Cross  for 
the  French  children  returned 
from  German  captivity.  "  ^A» 
a  basis '  for  any  peace  nego- 
tiations with  the  Jiiuiser,  the 
Allies  could  not  do  better 
than  to  adopt  this  little  book. 
Those  who  want  facts,  simply 
stated,  without  any  literary 
embellishment,  will  find  them 
here.  A  valuable  document." 
—y.  Y.  Globe. 

C  An  imusual  novel,  without 
a  hint  of  the  war,  is  Amelie 
Hives'  super  ghost  story  with 
super  thrills,  THE  GHOST 
GARDEN.  The  Philadelphia 
Ledger  calls  it  "  alworbingly 
interesting.  Difficult  to  put 
down  tuitil  the  last  page  is 
reacheil." 


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FREDERICK  A.  STOKES  COMPANY 

443  Fourth  Avanu*  Naw  York 


Digitized  by  VJWOV  IV^ 


322 


THE   OUTLOOK 


Aviation  wireless!  Its  great 

speed  is  even  outmatched  by  the 
Mimeograph— for  while  the  wire^ 
less  is  sending  one  message  to  one 

receiver,  the  Mimeograph  will  start  hun- 

dreds  on  their  various  ways.  Fast?  While 

the  Mimeograph  duplicates  the  typewritten 

or  handwritten  page  with  a  sharp  exactness 

that  practically  makes  every  copy  an  original, 

its  remarkable  advantage  is  the  rapidity  of  its 

execution.     Simply  click  off  the  message  on 

the  typewriter  and  it  is  ready  to  print — five 

thousand  an  hour.    Diagrams,  illustrations, 

etc.,  maybe  quickly  traced  on  same  stencil — and 

duplicated  in  one  operation.   Booklet  "A"  from 

A.  B.Dick  Company,  Chicago — and  New  York. 


Digitized  by  VJWVJV  l*^ 


The  Outlook 

NOVEMBER  6,  1918 
Offices,  381  Fourth  Avenue,  New  York 


THE  OUTLOOK  DELAYED  BY  A  STRIKE 

Last  week,  for  the  first  time  in  its  existence  of  nearly  half 
a  century,  this  journal  did  not  appear  ou  its  regular  date  of 
issue,  which  would  have  been  October  30. 

Editors,  compositors,  and  electrotypers  had  all  done  their 
duty,  and  the  plates  were  ready  to  go  on  the  press. 

But  the  press  feeders  had  struck. 

The  Outlook  is  printed  under  contract,  in  a  strictly  union 
establishment  There  was  no  dispute  as  to  "  closed  "  or  "  open  " 
shop. 

The  union  of  the  press  feeders  (who  may  be  called  a  kind  of 
"  junior  pressmen,"  it  being  their  duty  to  feed  the  sheets  of 
paper  into  the  machines,  while  the  pressmen  themselves  do  the 
more  responsible  work  of  seeing  that  the  sheets  are  properly 
printed)  had  an  agreement  with  the  em^oyers'  association  to 
work  at  a  stated  weekly  wage  until  next  February. 

This  agreement  they  broke  by  making  a  demand  on  Saturday 
morning,  October  19,  for  a  twenty-five  per  cent  increase,  giving 
only  one  hour's  notice  before  they  quit  work. 

This  demand  was  made  throup;hout  New  York  City,  nearly 
twenty-three  hundred  feeders  going  out,  and  failing  to  return 
to  work  Monday  morning.  All  weekly  and  monthly  periodicals 
printed  in  New  York  City,  the  greatest  publishing  center  of  the 
country,  were  affected  by  the  strike. 

During  the  ensuing  week  efforts  were  made  by  the  employers 
and  by  the  officials  of  the  strikers'  own  union  to  induce  these 
men  to  return  to  work  and  submit  their  demands  to  arbitration. 
An  arbitrator  was  actually  accepted  by  a  committee  of  the  em- 
ployers' association  and  by  part  of  a  committee  of  the  union, 
but  this  attempted  settlement  was  almost  unanimously  rejected 
by  a  mass-meeting  of  the  men  on  strike. 

The  strikers  also  refused  to  honor  an  order  of  the  rarent 
organization  of  which  they  are  a  part,  the  International  I'rint- 
ing  Pressmen  and  Assistants'  Union  of  North  America.  In 
issuing  this  order  the  international  union's  president,  Mr. 
George  L.  Berry,  said : 

The  International  Union  has  sanctioned  no  strike  and  disap- 
proves  of  it,  for  the  reason  that  there  exists  a  contract  between 
the  employers  and  the  unions  which  provides  the  means  for  the 
adjustment  of  all  disputes.  The  striice  of  the  Franklin  Union  * 
No.  23  is  therefore  illegal,  and  the  membership  of  that  onion 
who  have  struck  in  violation  of  the  laws  of  tlie  international  body 
and  of  the  contracts  are  directed  to  return  to  tlieir  emplojonent 
and  to  comply  with  the  lavrs  of  tlieir  international  organization. 
Those  who  fail  to  do  so  will  be  held  strictly  responsible. 

The  United  States  War  Labor  Board  was  finally  asked  to 
tak^  np  the  case.  It  did  so  on  Monday,  October  28.  The  Board 
met  in  New  York  City,  in  the  City  Hall  council  room,  with 
the  Chairman  of  tixe  Board,  ex-President  William  11.  Taft, 
presiding. 

The  mcts  from  the  employers'  point  of  view,  as  outlined  in 
the  foregoing  paragraphs,  were  presented  to  the  Board  by  Mr. 
William  Green,  in  whose  establishment  The  Outlook  is  printed. 

In  answer,  Mr.  J.  J.  Bagley,  the  president  of  the  press 
feeders*  union,  stated  that  the  members  of  the  union  felt  that 
they  were  absolved  from  their  contract  because  the  employers 
had,  before  the  strike,  made  an  anp^  to  the  War  Labor 
BoMd  to  adjodieate  the  case  if  trouble  arose,  instead  of  settling 
h  with  the  men  themselves. 

This  daim,  however,  is  evidently  a  lame  excuse,  for  the  men 
were  seemingly  determined  to  go  out  in  spite  of  contracts 
and  their  own  officers'  advice.  They  had  votal  to  strike,  their 
preeideDt  said,  in  violation  of  their  own  constitutional  rule. 

The  phenomenal  wages  paid  in  munition  works,  shipyards, 
•and  otner  war  indostries,  and  the  shortage  of  labor,  had  appar- 


ently excited  in  them  a  determination  to  obtain  their  end 
without  regard  to  means. 

In  talking  with  some  of  the  strikers  who  were  among  the 
audience  at  this  hearing  a  member  of  The  Outlook's  staff  ex- 
pressed sympathy  for  the  legitimate  demands  of  labor,  but  said : 
"  Why  don't  you  men  play  the  game  fair  ?  You  had  a  contract ; 
why  didn't  you  stand  by  it?  You  elect  officers  to  do  your  bar- 
gaining for  you  ;  why  don't  you  follow  their  instructions  ?  The 
United  States,  you  know,  la  fighting  Germany  because  she 
doesn't  obey  the  rules  of  legitimate  warfare.  Hadn't  you  men 
better  line  yourselves  up  widi  this  country's  attitude  of  obeying 
the  rules  rather  than  with  Germany's  plan  of  treating  agree- 
ments and  regulations  as  '  scraps  of  paper '  ?"  The  answer  griven 
to  this  was  tbit  "  the  cost  of  hving  had  gone  up  and  that  nine 
mmiths  was  too  long  a  time,  anyway,  for  a  binding  agreement 
in  these  days." 

The  strikers  generally,  it  is  believed,  finally  considered  their 
own  position  untenable,  and,  following  the  decision  of  the 
Board,  they  went  back  to  vrork  on  Tuewlay  morning,  October 
29.  The  Board  decided  that  they  should  return  to  work  at  the 
old  scale  pending  a  settlement  of  the  dispute  by  the  Board,  any 
increase  that  might  be  g^ranted  to  be  retroactive.  This  is  pre- 
cisely what  the  employers  have  asked,  and  is,  we  believe,  a  con- 
clusion that  not  only  they  but  the  public  generally  and  even 
the  strikers  themselves  will  now  regard  as  fair  and  reasonable. 

As  we  could  not  print  the  issue  of  October  80  on  account  of 
this  strike,  we  are  making  thb  week's  Outlook  very  much 
larger  tlian  an  ordinary  issue,  so  ttast  our  readers'  loss  may  be 
only  one  of  time  ^|ul-Bot  of  materiaL 


THE  CORRESPONDENCE  BETWEEN  GERMANY 
AND   THE   PRESIDENT 

Under  the  date  of  October  20,  the  German  Govemm«it 
or  the  German  people — it  is  not  yet  quite  determined  which — 
sent  their  third  peace  note  to  President  Wilson.  In  this  third 
note  (1)  they  repropose  an  evacuation  of  occupied  territory 
and  an  armistice ;  (2)  they  protest  "  against  the  reproach  of 
ill^;al  and  inhumane  actions  made  against  the  German  land 
ana  sea  forces ;"  and  (3),  responding  to  the  President's  charge 
that  the  German  nation  is  under  the  control  of  an  arbitrary 
power  which  can  and  has  of  its  own  volition  disturbed  the  peace 
of  the  world  and  cannot  therefore  be  dealt  with  by  democratic 
and  constitutional  countries,  they  assert  that  "  a  new  Govern- 
ment has  been  formed  in  complete  accordance  with  the  principle 
of  the  representation  of  the  people,  based  on  equal,  universal, 
secret,  direct  franchise." 

On  October  23  the  President  replied  to  this  note,  intimating 
that  he  would  not  have  replied  except  for  "  the  solemn  ana 
explicit  assurance  of  the  German  Government  that  it  unre. 
servedly  accepts  the  terms  of  peace  "  which  the  President  laid 
down  in  his  address  to  Congress  on  January  8, 1918,  and  the 
principles  of  settlement  enunciated  in  his  subsequent  addresses, 
and  if  he  had  not  received  "  the  explicit  promise  of  the  present 
German  Government  that  the  humane  nues  of  civilized  warfare 
will  be  observed  both  on  land  and  sea  by  the  German  armed 
forces."  He  then  repeats  what  he  had  said  in  a  previous  note, 
that  anv  armistice  must  be  arranged  by  the  military  authorities 
of  the  Entente  Allies,  and  that  this  can  be  done  only  when  the 
Allies  are  assured  that  the  German  people  have  taken  the  con- 
trol of  their  Government  into  their  own  bands.  If,  he  says,  the 
United  States  '*  must  deal  with  the  military  masters  and  the 
monarchical  authorities  of  Germany  now,  or  if  it  is  likely  to 
have  to  deal  with  them  later  in  regard  to  the  international 
obligataons  of  the  German  Empii^^f^^ig^i^^gg^d,  not  peac 

^  ^  823-837 


328 


THE   OUTLOOK 


6  Norembei 


n^otiations,  but  surrender.  Nothing  can  be  gained  by  leaving 
this  essential  thing  unsaid." 

The  entire  country  without  distinction  of  party  will  indorse 
tot^e  fullest  this  final  assertion  of  the  President,  although  many 
Americans  will  be  unable  to  follow  him  in  his  apparent  belief 
that  the  German  people  can  at  this  time  be  segregated,  either 
in  political  action  or  in  responsibility  for  the  war,  from  the 
military  leaders. 

We  cannot  attempt  to  discuss  the  President's  reply  in  detail, 
but  we  present  to  our  readers,  as  expressing  our  own  view,  the 
coiument  of  ex-President  Taft  which  was  published  in  the 
"  Public  Ledger  "  of  Philadelphia  on  Thursday,  October  24  : 

"  This  message  is  the  strongest  note  that  has  come  from  the 
President.  He  is  getting  nearer  and  nearer  to  unconditional 
surrender. 

"  He  for  the  first  time  fully  recognizes  the  part  that  our 
Allies  are  to  play  in  the  peace-making.  He  holds  tenaciously  to 
the  address  of  January  8,  but  he  surrounds  the  German  hope 
based  on  the  fourteen  points  with  so  many  conditions  that 
Germany  will  not  now  cherish  them  so  fondly.  They  are  van- 
ishing into  the  Ewigkeit  for  German  purposes.  He  has  passed 
the  responsibility  for  an  armistice  and  its  formulation  to  the 
Allies  and  the  military  authorities;  but  his  description  of 
what  be  would  sanction  is  so  near  unconditional  surrender 
that  even  a  German  can  see  it,  and,  we  hope,  will  stop  sending 
notes." 

Germany  has,  however,  not  stopped  her  note  writi^,  for  <m 
October  27  a  communication  from  Germany  to  the  President 
said : 

The  President  is  aware  of  the  far-reaching  changes  which 
have  been  carried  out  and  are  being  carried  out  in  the  German 
constitutional  structure,  and  that  peace  negotiations  are  beim; 
conducted  by  a  people's  government,  in  whose  hands  rests,  both 
actually  and  constitutionally,  the  power  to  make  the  deciding 
conclusions. 

The  military  powers  are  also  subject  to  it. 
The  German  Government  now  awaits  proposals  for  an  armi- 
stice which  shall  be  the  first  step  toward  a  just  peace  as  the 
President  has  described  it  in  his  proclamation. 


GERMANY'S  LACK  OF  GOOD  FAITH 

A  striking  confirmation  of  the  general  belief  that  Germany 
is  working  for  time  rather  than  for  peace  comes  in  a  curious 
way.  A  Swiss  newspaper  prints  a  statement  made  by  a  German 
"  high  personage  "  in  Switzerland,  one  of  the  chief  German 
propaganda  agents  there.    This  German,  as  quoted,  says : 

The  time  necessary  for  the  evacuation  and  iori)\e  pourjmrlers 
will  leave  us  a  latitude  of  three  months,  prolonged  by  two  months 
of  winter— in  all,  five  months — which  will  amply  suffice  for  th^ 
total  renewal  of  our  army  in  men  and  material,  thanks  to  the 
effort  of  the  munition  shops  in  both  Empires  and  what  we  shall 
get  from  Russia. 

To  sum  up,  we  should  be  able  in  the  spring  of  1919  to  recom- 
.  mence  the  war,  which  the  German  people  will  accept  in  a 
completely  renewed  spirit  of  sacrifice,  because  there  will  be  a 
sharp  logical  and  chronological  cleavage  between  the  firat  war, 
which  many  criticised  as  a  war  of  ambition,  and  the  second  war,- 
which  will  be  a  real  national  one  for  territory  and  existence. 

We  have  seen  no  plainer  statement  of  what  we  believe  to  be 
Germany's  perfidious  purpose.  Nothing  could  be  more  injurious, 
or  even  conceivably  fatal,  to  the  cause  of  the  Allies  than  the 
tendency  among  some  ill-informed  persons  to  assume  that  the 
war  is  to  end  immediately.  Fortunately,  the  alertness  of  mental 
perspective  in  this  country  and  others  sprang  instantly  to  the 
belief  that  Germany  is  not  to  be  trusted,  that  everything  she 
puts  forward  contains  loopholes  and  possibilities  for  misinter- 
pretation. The  policy  of  the  Allies  is  firm  and  clear ;  it  is  that 
which  has  been  voioed  almost  unanimously  in  this  country — 
Unconditional  surrender !  Until  that  \b  attained  there  must  be, 
and  will  be,  no  relaxing  in  military,  economic,  and  financial  effort. 


A  DEADLY  PARALLEL 

The  foUowing  statements  need  no  comment  of  ours,  except 
the  comment  that  Douai  is  one  of  the  most  ancient  and  inter- 
«8t-"~  -—11  cities  of  northern  France.  Its  museum  and  Oily 


Hall  are  "  starred  "  by  Baedeker,  the  City  Hall  being,  according 
to  that  famous  German  guide-book,  "a  fine  monument  of 
Gothic  architecture  partiy  of  the  fifteenth  century."  Douai  has 
just  been  recaptured  by  the  AUies.  It  has  be^  occupied  \n 
the  German  troops  for  four  years.  Its  normal  population  a 
about  thirty-five  thousand : 


WORDS  VKBSUS   DEESS 

(From   the  German  reply  to  Pretidgt 
WiUon  <tf  Octuber  it) 

The  Grenuan  Government  pro- 
tests against  the  reproach  of  ille- 
gal and  inhumane  actions  made 
against  the  German  land  and  sea 
forces,  and  thereby  against  the 
German  people.  For  the  coveiiiw 
of  a  retreat  destructions  will  at 
ways  be  necessary,  and  they  at« 
carried  out  in  so  far  as  is  {le^ 
mitted  by  international  law. 


SOUAI  LIKE  A  CITT  WBECKED 
BT  MADMEN 

(fVom  the  New  York  "  Evening  Pott ") 

With  the  British  Armies  in 
France,  Sunday,  October  20  (by 
Havas  to  the  Associated  Press). — 
Douai,  in  its  waste  and  desolation, 
is  a  sad  sight.  Moving  pictures  of 
the  city  should  be  ti^en,  so  that 
the  world  could  see  for  itself 
s^hts  which  cannot  be  described. 
The  streets  are  filled  with  furni- 
ture and  articles  of  all  kinds.  It 
might  be  said  that  in  Douai  all 
the  insane  asylums  bad  been 
opened  and  that  mtfdmen  in  their 
fury  had  taken  deV(||fat  in  destroy- 
ing everything.  Thtwiaterial  losses 
are  incalculable. 

The  stained-glass  windows  in 
the  Church  of  St.  F^ter  have  been 
smashed  and  the  g^reat  organ  has 
been  broken  up.  Keligious  orna- 
ments were  found  scattered  about 
the  floor  of  the  church.  The  City 
Hall,  where  the  German  com- 
mandant  had  its  quarters,  was 
sacked.  Most  of  the  paintings  in 
the  museum  were  taken  away, 
but  fortunately  the  belfry  was 
undamaged. 


THE  AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN  EMPIRE 

For  at  least  a  year  leaders  of  the  Allies  in  Europe  and 
students  in  America  of  the  western  battle-front  have  been  in- 
sisting that  the  dissolution  of  the  Austro-Hungarian  Empire 
was  necessary  if  the  great  war  was  not  to  be  a  practical  &ilnre 
in  one  important  matter.  The  Outiook  has  taken  this  ground 
more  than  once  editorially. 

In  his  reply  to  an  Austrian  note  President  Wilson,  unda 
date  of  October  19,  asserted  that  a  mere  granting  of  local  adi- 
government  to  the  Czechoslovaks  by  Austria  would  not  now 
be  a  satisfactory  meeting  of  a  principle  which  he  has  laid  down 
for  acceptance  before  peace  can  be  discussed.  He  referred  to  oor 
recognition  of  the  Czechoslovak  nationas  a  political  entity,  saying 
that "  a  state  of  belligerency  exists  between  the  Czechodovab 
and  the  German  and  Austro-Hungarian  Empires,  and  the 
Czechoslovak  National  Council  is  the  de  facto  belligerent  Gov- 
ernment clothed  with  proper  authority  to  direct  the  military  and 
political  affairs  of  the  Czechoslovaks." 

In  connection  with  this  reply  of  the  President  to  Austria 
two  great  events  have  occurred  within  the  Austro-Hungarian 
Empire  which  at  least  indicate  that  forces  are  at  work  within 
that  Imperial  federation  that  sooner  or  later  will  result  in  its 
dissolution.  Austria  and  Hungary  form  their  dual  empire  by  a 
union  for  the  administration  of  foreign  affairs,  finance;,  aai 
defense,  while  each  enjoys  complete  autonomy  as  r^^ards  ints- 
nal  affairs.  The  Emperor  of  Austria  is  King  of  Hungary,  and 
therefore  the  monarchical  head  of  the  federated  Empire.  Austria 
and  Hungary  have  also  been  bound  together  by  their  policr 
toward  the  non-German  and  non-Magyar  races.  They  hsv« 
regarded  them  as  inferior.  Whenever  an  appeal  came  from  thf 
Slavs  or  the  Italians  or  the  Rumans  living  within  the  Cmpin 
for  a  greater  voice  in  the  Government,  there  have  been  tesoit- 
ment  and  objection  on  the  part  of  the  Germans  and  Hungaxian^ 
who  control  the  affairs  of  the  Empire.  But  at  last  both  natiooi> 
Austrians  and  Magyars,  are  apparently  b^inning  to  reoogniK 
the  inevitable. 

On  October  18  the  Austrian  Emperor  issued  a  proclamatiic 
in  which  he  promised  autonomy  but  not  independenoe  to  tk 
Digitized  by  VJWVJV  IV^ 


I9I8 


THE  OUTLOOK 


329 


several  sections  of  Anstria,  such  as  thitCzechs.  This  in  nowise 
fulfills  President  Wilson's  demands  a&^RboTe  stated.  It  is  not 
local  autonomy  but  independence  which  the  Allies  demand  for 
the  Austrian  subject  peoples. 

The  previous  day  a  resolution  was  read  in  the  Hunganan 
Parliament  in  the  form  of  an  address  to  their  King,  who 
is  also  Austrian  Emperor.  This  resolution  demands  that  "  the 
relations  among  nationalities  in  this  country  must  begovemed 
by  the  principle  enunciated  by  President  Wilson."  l^is  Hun- 
garian proclamation,  like  the  Austrian,  comes  too  late  to  satisfy 
the  subject  races  living  in  Hungary.  There  are  in  Hiuigary  some 
two  million  Slovaks  in  the  north,  who,  united  with  the  Czechs  in 
Austria,  form  t^e  new  political  Czechoslovak  entity  which  Mr. 
Wilson  has  definitely  recognized.  There  are  also  about  three 
million  Croats  and  oUier  Slavs  in  the  west  and  some  three  mill- 
ion  Rumans  in  the  east  of  Hungary  ;  but  if  they  form  separate 
nations  there  will  still  remain  upwards  of  ten  million  Mt^^ars 
who  can  form  a  good-sized  independent  nation. 

These  parliamentary  declarations  in  Austria  and  Hungary 
are  very  significant,  but  it  is  too  soon  to  express  any  de&tite 
opinion  as  to  their  final  outcome. 

Austria-Hungary  is  trying  her  best  to  abandon  her  war  with 
the  Allies.  In  her  note  of  October  28  Austria  declares  her 
adherence  to  the  conditions  named  by  President  Wilson  as  pre- 
requisite to  a  discussion  of  an  armistice,  including  '*  the  rights 
of  the  Austro-Hungarian  peoples,  especially  those  of  the  Czecho- 
slovaks and  Jugoslavs."  Sne  therefore  asks  for  immediate  nego- 
tiations for  an  armistice  and  peace.  Here,  as  with  Germany,  we 
should  ask  and  accept  unconditional  surrender  only.  If  by  a 
treaty  of  peace  Austria  should  be  made  neutral,  Germany  might 
be  bdped  instead  of  injured.  We  must  demand,  in  any  case,  the 
right  of  the  Allies  to  march  troops  through  Austria  and 
Han£;ary  against  Germany. 

THE  UBERTY  LOAN 

The  Fourth  Liberty  Loan  was  so  huge  a  success  that  its  re- 
sults have  not,  at  this  writing,  been  tabuLated,  although  an  army 
of  clerks  working  in  various  parts  of  the  country  have  been  stead- 
Qy  oocapied  for  many  days  in  classifying  and  calculating  the 
figures.  If  it  is  true,  as  has  been  geneiaUy  believed,  that  the  Ger- 
man peace  parleys  were  deliberately  timed  in  order  to  interfere 
with  this  greatest  popular  loan  of  history,  it  affords  only  another 
example  of  the  inabdity  of  the  Prussian  rulers  to  understand 
the  p^chology  of  the  Allies.  The  policy  of  SchrecklichJceit,  or 
fiiehtfulne88,has  only  made  the  Allies  fight  more  courageooaly 
and  with  more  self-sacrifice ;  the  indefinite  overtures  for  peace, 
instead  of  deterring  the  American  people  from  supporting  their 
military  programme,  gave  them  all  the  more  determination  to 
make  uiat  programme  a  success. 

It  is  believed  by  those  in  charge  of  the  Loan  that  the  final 
aooountiog  may  show  that  twenty-five  miUion  individual  sub- 
scribers participated — ^that  is  to  say,  one  out  of  every  four 
human  beings  in  the  United  States,  including  children  and 
incompetents,  Iwught  one  or  more  bonds.  Financiers  have  esti- 
mated that  before  the  war  there  were  only  about  a  million  peo- 
ple in  the  United  States  who  had  the  financial  capacity  or 
training  to  purchase  bonds  or  other  forms  of  financial  securities. 
That  this  number  has  been  multiplied  twenty-five  times,  that 
literally  millions  of  Americans  are  bond-holders  who  four  years 
ago  scarcely  knew  what  a  bond  was,  is  a  striking  proof  of  the 
eaucation  in  thrift  and  National  unity  which  has  l^en  brought 
about  by  the  United  States'  participation  in  the  war. 

We  repeat  again  what  we  said  a  few  months  ago  in  connec- 
tion with  the  question  as  to  what  proportion  of  the  war  expenses 
«bonld  be  paid  by  taxation  and  what  should  be  paid  by  borrow- 
ing from  the  people.  The  great  advantage  of  the  four  Liberty 
Loan  drives  is  not  found  in  the  money  they  have  produced ;  that 
could  have  been  produced  by  taxation  direct  and  indirect.  In- 
deed, for  the  fiscal  vear  ending  June,  1919,  over  $8,000,000,000 
mmit  be  produced  by  taxation,  as  against  the  six  billions  just 
sabecribeid  to  the  Fourth  Liberty  Loan.  The  prime  benefit  of 
the  four  Liberty  Loans  is  that  25,000,000  citizens  now  have  a 
direct  stake  in  the  United  States  Government,  and  that  literaUy 
hundreds  of  thousands  of  men  and  women  who  could  not  have 
ctintribnted  by  any  known  form  of  direct  taxation,  and  who  would 


not  have  known  that  they  were  contributing  to  the  war  by 
revenue  taxes  on  consumption,  now  hold  in  their  hands  a  bond 
or  bonds,  the  visible  sign  of  their  direct  share  in  sustaining  their 
Government.  The  enthusiasm  and  patriotism  aroused  by  this 
feeling  of  partnership  in  the  Government  is  shown  by  the  fact 
that  many  small  hamlets  and  villages  in  all  parts  of  the  United 
States  oversubscribed  their  quotas.  We  take  off  our  hats  to 
these  twenty-five  million  United  States  bond-holders.  They 
constitute  an  army  to  be  proud  of  and  to  be  relied  upon. 

THE  WAR  WORK  OF  THE  RED  CROSS 

Mr.  Henry  P.  Davison,  the  Chairman  of  the  National  War 
Council  of  the  American  Red  Cross,  has  just  made  an  "  acommt- 
ing  of  stewardship  "  for  the  eighteen  months'  work  of  the  Red 
Cross  since  the  United  States  entered  the  war.  The  figures 
would  be  startling  in  their  magnitude  if  it  were  not  for  the  fact 
that  we  have  all  become  accustomed  to  speaking  and  thinking 
in  millions  and  even  billions.  Mr.  Davison,  for  instance,  reports 
that  in  money  or  material  values  the  sum  of  at  least  three  mm- 
dred  and  twenty-five  million  dollars  has  been  paid  or  pledged 
to  the  American  Red  Cross  for  its  work  of  war  relief — not  in- 
cluding, as  we  understand  it,  the  amounts  spent  for  office  and 
oi^^ization  work. 

The  membership  to-day  of  the  Red  Cross  in  the  whole  coun- 
try, including  the  eight  million  members  of  the  Junior  Red 
Cross,  is  about  twenty-eight  million — that  is,  over  a  quarter  of 
the  total  population  of  the  United  States.  Every  member 
through  annual  dues  contributes  to  the  funds  of  the  associa- 
tion, and  it  is  from  this  source  that  most  of  the  executive  and 
administrative  funds  are  derived.  When  last  spring  the  splen- 
did generosity  of  the  American  people  contributed  about  one 
hundred  and  seventy-six  million  dollars  to  the  Red  Cross,  they 
knew  that  the  mone^  went  directly  to  the  relief  of  the  soldier, 
the  sulor,  and  the  civilians  driven  out  of  their  towns  and  houses 
by  German  brutality. 

Probably  those  who  have  not  followed  the  matter  closely 
think  of  the  production  of  relief  supplies — the  making  of 
bandages,  knitted  garments,  and  hospit^  supplies — as  the  chief 
work  of  the  Red  Cross.  Thb  is  very  far  mdeed  from  being 
true,  although  about  eight  million  women  are  engaged  in  pro- 
ducing relief  supplies  and  in  canteen  work.  The  actual  relief 
offered  to  stricken  towns  and  to  suffering  individuals  is  per- 
haps the  most  moving  and  humane  part  of  the  work.  Thus  we 
note  in  the  report  tiiat  the  American  Red  Cross  is  now  dis- 
tributing aid  in  ten  countries,  and  has  lately  sent  its  represent- 
atives for  this  purpose  to  Serbia,  Denmark,  and  Madeira.  From 
Belgium  and  France  in  the  West,  to  Palestine  and  Siberia  in 
the  East,  its  representatives  are  to  be  found,  feeding  the  hni^ry 
and  clothing  the  destitute.  In  France  alone  the  force  of  Red 
Cross  workers,  already  very  large,  will  be  five  thousand  by  the 
end  of  the  year ;  a  ship-load  of  relief  supplies  and  a  group  of 
workers  have  been  sent  to  northern  Russia ;  over  forty  million 
dollars  have  been  spent  in  civilian  work  and  in  restoring  towns 
in  France  alone. 

These  are  merely  specimen  facts  selected  from  the  long  array 
of  services  includ«*d  m  Mr.  Davison's  report.  He  truly  adds  i 
"This  outpouring. of  generosity  in  material  things  has  been 
accompanied  by  a  spontaneity  in  the  giving,  by  an  enthusiasm 
and  a  devotion  in  the  doing,  which,  alter  all,  are  greater  and 
bigger  than  could  be  anything  measured  in  terms  of  time  or 
dollars." 

The  Red  Cross  is  not  included  in  the  United  War  Work 
Campai<^  drive,  about  which  we  speak  on  another  page,  for 
the  double  reason  that  its  individual  drive  for  one  hundred 
and  seventy  million  dollars  for  the  year  was  made  in  the  spring, 
and  that  its  autumn  appeal  is  sJways  for  the  renewal  and 
increa.se  of  meml)er9hip.  As  Mr.  Davison  puts  it,  "  At  Christ- 
mas time  we  shall  ask  the  whole  American  people  to  answer  the 
Red  Cross  Christmas  roll  caU." 


ART  AND  THE  WAR 

We  hej^r  the  question  now  and  then :  "  What  has  art  to 
do  with  the  war?" 

Art  has  a  good  deal  to  do  with  the  war.    One  of  the  things 


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THE   OUTLOOK 


6  November 


which  most  outrages  our  feelings  is  the  fact  that  the  Germans 
have  barbait}U8ly  destroyed  great  works  of  architecture. 
Rheims,  Ypres,  Louvain,  Arras,  Soissons,  Venice,  Ravenna, 
Ancona — just  to  mention  names  which  first  leap  to  the  tongue — 
the  diestruction  in  these  places  seems  almost  akin  to  the  destruc- 
tion of  human  life. 

But  art  haa  a  good  deal  to  do  with  the  war  on  the  construc- 
tive side,  and  in  America  particularly.  Whatever  American 
artists  may  be,  they  are  not  unpatriotic.  The  Goveniment's 
military  camouflage  programme  shows  this.  In  addition  we  may 
remember  that  some  forty  painters,  sculptors,  and  architects 
have  given  weeks  of  their  time  to  decorating  New  York  City 
on  the  occasions  of  the  visits  of  foreign  war  commissions.  Of 
course  the  French  and  £nglish  were  thus  assured  that  there 
was  a  real  welcome.  But  the  specially  appealing  and  careful 
decoration  in  t^eir  cases  also  assured  the  Italians  and  the  Japan- 
ese of  equal  cordiality.  The  evident  effect  on  the  Prince  of 
Udine  and  on  Viscount  Ishii  gave  evidence  of  their  appreciar 
tion.  For  the  decoration  was  not  only  of  flags  and  garlands  and 
carpets  and  tapestries ;  it  also  included  the  artistic  arrange- 
ment of  many  children  and  soldiers.  It  was  thus  a  bit  of  stage 
management — as  a  great  stage  might  be  set  for  a  huge  ballet, 
for  instance.  Among  the  architects  who  have  performed  these 
and  similar  services  are  Cass  Gilbert,  Arnold  Brunner,  Thomas 
Hastings,  and  Donn  Barber. 

The  latest  evidence  of  the  patriotic  activity  of  our  architects, 
sculptors,  and  painters  in  themetropolis  was  shown  in  the  Avenue 
of  the  Allies — Fifth  Avenue.  That  famous  street  has  never 
been  more  splendidly  transformed.  It  was  decorated  for 
twenty-odd  blocks  in  a  way  which  makes  one  wish  that  the 
decoration  might  be  permanent.  Each  lamp-post  bore  a  long 
streamer,  and  the  end  of  each  block  was  marked  by  a.  large  ban- 
ner bearing  the  name  of  an  Allied  country,  whose  flag  was 
himg  all  along  the  block  from  the  second  and  fourth  floors  of 
the  buildings,  a  similar  and  larger  flag  being  suspended  across 
the  street  at  the  middle  of  the  block.  From  the  third  floor 
of  each  building  the  Liberty  Loan  banner  was  flung,  the 
whole  decoration  being  designeil  to  further  the  success  of  that 
loan.   And  it  did. 

The  plan  of  the  artists  included  the  transformation  of  the 
shop  windows  too.  The  committee  in  charge  made  a  long  list 
of  eminent  painters  and  sculptors,  and  asked  each  man  to  paint 
or  model  a  subject  for  some  specific  window,  the  subject,  of 
course,  to  be  patriotic  in  character.  The  invitation  was  unani- 
mously accepted.  The  work  was  ready  at  the  time  set.  The 
artists  contributed  not  only  their  time  but  all  the  materials 
used.  A  few  names  come  to  mind  among  the  many  men  all  of 
whose  work  in  painting,  sculpture,  posters,  and  decorations 
was  of  great  inspiration — for  instance,  Edwin  Howland  Blash- 
field,  Herbert  Adams,  Paul  Dougherty,  Frank  Vincent  Dn 
Mond,  Augustus  Vincent  Tack,  Francis  and  Bolton  Jones,  Ken- 
neth Frazier,  Albert  Herter,  Ballard  Williams,  George  Bellows, 
Geo«;e  Luks,  Henry  D.  Fuller,  F.  W.  Benson,  Charles  Dana  Gib- 
son, Joseph  Pennell,  James  Montgomery  Flagg,  and  Luis  Mora. 

If  there  were  an  exhibition  in  some  gallery  presenting  the 
works  of  all  these  men,  it  would  call  out  a  large  attendance  at  a 
good  admittance  fee.  But  here  we  have  had  a  free  exhibition 
displayed  t/O  the  largest  public  that  has  ever  viewed  such  a 
show.  Fifth  Avenue  has  been  crowded  not  only  with  men  and 
women  and  children  studying^  the  different  flags,  but  with 
thousands  standing  for  a  long  tmie  in  front  of  now  one  and  now 
another  shop  window,  moved  by  what  they  have  seen  within. 

There  is  also  an  educational  appeal.  Those  not  very  familiar 
with  our  contemporary  artists  have  thus  obtained  a  closer 
acquaintance.  There  must  inevitably  result  a  greater  popular 
pride  in  what  our  men  are  doing. 

But  at  this  time  what  we  would  specially  emphasize  is  the- 
patriotism  of  our  artists,  who  have  given  of  their  heat,  free. 

They  have  lifted  the  people  to  a  higher  pitch  of  enthusiasm 
for  the  war's  prosecution  and  for  its  victorious  conclusion. 

THE  TAX  BILL 

Now  that  -the  Fourth  Liberty  Loan  campaign  is  over,  the 
country  ought  to  direct  its  attention  to  the  Revenue  Tax  Bill 
which  is  now  before  Congress.  If  the  people  will  inform  them- 


selves about  this  taxation  as  intelligently  as  they  have  informed 
themselves  about  Liberty  Bonds,  they  can  correct  some  of  the 
unjust  and  unwise  provisions  of  the  biU  as  it  has  been  passed  by 
the  House  of  Representatives.  The  United  States  Senate  is  now 
considering  the  bill,  and  will  doubtless  make  some  modifications 
in  it.  Certain  modifications  ought  to  be  made.  The  country 
realizes  that  more  than  eight  billion  dollars  have  to  be  raised  by 
taxation  during  tbe  present  Governmental  fiscal  year ;  the  peo- 
ple are  perfectly  willing  to  pay  these  taxes,  but  they  want  the 
burden — for  it  will  be  a  burden — so  distributed  that  each  man 
shall  pay  according  to  his  income,  and  that  the  largest  amount 
of  money  shall  be  raised  with  the  least  possible  disturbance  to 
the  business  of  the  country.  The  Income  Tax  Law  has  now 
become  so  complicated  that  the  most  highly  trained  lawyers,  and 
even  the  Treasury  officials  themselves,  are  not  altogether  clear 
as  to  its  enforcement. 

Under  the  tax  laws  now  in  operation  and  under  the  proposed 
new  tax  bill,  about  seventy  per  cent  of  the  taxes  will  come  from 
incomes,  profits,  and  inheritances.  Everybody  practically  agrees 
that  war  profits  should  be  taxed  heavily.  If  necessary,  the  entire 
profits  made  out  of  war  activities  by  private  persons  might 
justly  be  taken  by  the  Government.  But  when  other  incomes 
and  profits  are  deliberately  penalized  there  is  great  danger  (^ 
cutting  the  nerve  of  business,  and  productive  business  is  essen- 
tial to  the  successful  prosecution  of  the  war. 

Take  the  case  of  a  general  merchant  doing  business  in  a 
small  town.  Suppose  his  books  show  at  the  end  of  his  fiscal 
year  a  net  profit  of  five  thousand  dollars.  Every  business  man 
knows  that,  while  this  is  a  profit,  it  does  not  necessarily  exist  m 
cash,  but  exists  in  goods  on  hand,  accounts  payable,  etc.  He 
cannot  turn  these  goods  and  these  accoimts  into  immediate  cash. 
and  he  has  to  go  to  the  bank  to  borrow  the  money  to  pay  his 
taxes.  If  these  taxes  are  excessive,  his  borrowingwill  prevent  ios 
putting  cash  into  an  extension  of  the  business.  This  is  what  has 
.  happened  to  the  railways.  This  is  what  may  happen  to  all  the 
manufacturing  business  of  the  United  States.  Unfortouatety, 
some  of  our  Congressmen  have  failed  to  see  this,  and  the  result 
of  tlieir  attitude  has  been  in  many  instances  to  injure  seriously 
the  productive  industry  of  the  country,  which  is  creating  ibt 
wealth  out  of  which  taxes  are  paid.  "  Don't  kill  the  goose  that 
lays  the  golden  ^;g  "  is  a  good  motto  for  those  who  are  drawing 
up  tax  bills. 

One  of  the  unwise  provisions  of  the  pending  revenue  bills  is 
the  proposal  to  tax  the  income  from  State  and  municipal  bonds. 
Municipal  and  State  bonds  are  the  sources  of  funds  with  which 
water  works  and  good  roads,  for  example,  are  built  by  oar 
State  and  village  oommimities.  If  such  bonds  are  taxed  by  the 
Federal  Government,  their  value  declines,  and  therefore  tbe 
resources  for  local  developments  and  improvements  decline.  Mr. 
Charles  W.  Pierson,  of  the  New  York  bar,  has  recently  pub- 
lished in  the  New  York  "  Evening  Post "  an  exceedingly  inter- 
esting article  on  this  important  tax  questicHi.  Mr.  Pieram's 
argument  is  that,  while  no  provision  of  the  United  States  Con- 
stitution expressly  forbids  the  taxation  of  State  and  munidpil 
bonds,  the  general  spirit  of  the  Constitution  and  the  aocamn- 
lated  decisions  of  the  courts  are  against  such  taxation.  It 
may  be,  he  says,  that  in  the  great  emergency  of  war  the 
Nation  must  be  permitted  to  tax  all  the  property  of  its  oitisens. 
including  their  contributions  to  State  and  municijM  improre- 
menta.  But  he  believes  that  the  taxing  of  State  and  municipal 
bonds,  if  necessary,  should  be  provicfed  for  "  by  the  ordwy 
method  of  Constitutional  amendment,  not  by  passing  taxing 
statutes  which  a  reluctant  Court  will  be  obliged  to  declare 
unconstitutional." 

In  a  recent  address  to  manufacturers  in  New  York  City  Mr. 
Otto  H.  Kahn,  the  well-known  banker  and  economist,  called 
attention  to  the  purpose  of  the  Revenue  Bill  as  passed  by  Ae 
House  of  Representatives  to  derive  some  seventy  per  cent  of 
our  taxes  from  incomes,  profits,  and  inheritances.  While  advo- 
cating a  high  tax  on  war  profits,  Mr.  Kahn  pointed  out  that 
every  other  belligerent  country  has  resorted  to  stamp  tua». 
because,  while  productive  of  very  lat^  revenue  in  the  aggregate, 
they  are  borne  without  inconvenience  and  have  tbe  added  reooB- 
mendation  of  almost  automatic  coUection  and  a  tendency  to  pro- 
mote economy  and  thrift.  Stamp  taxes  are  easily  paud  becaos^ 
they  come  in  small  sums,  distributed  over  a  long  period  of  tiue 


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and  a  vast  number  of  items.  "  Their  non-imposition,"  says  Mr. 
Kahn,  *'  seems  wholly  unexplainable  except  on  the  theory  that 
the  intention  of  those  who  are  primarily  in  charge  was  punitive 
and  corrective,  and  that  they  were  influenced — though  I  am 
willing  to  believe  unconsciously — by  sectionalism  and  vocational 
partiaOity." 

Just  taxation  b  at  the  very  basis  of  successful  National  life. 
It  behooves  every  intelligent  American,  not  to  protest  feebly 
at  all  taxes  in  the  too  customary  American  fashion,  but  to  inform 
himself  about  the  elementary  principles  of  taxation  and  to  insist 
that  his  Congressional  representatives  shall  be  wise,  fair,  and 
bosineaslike  in  the  framing  of  tax  bills. 


THE  ELECTIONS:  THE  SENATE 

The  main  issue  at  the  election  of  November  5  was  that  of 
patriotism.  We  are  writing  before  the  election  takes  place. 
Whatever  may  be  thought  of  the  President's  opinion  (to 
which  we  refer  in  another  place)  concerning  his  political  oppo- 
nents, voters  will,  we  believe,  be  influenced  not  so  much  by 
party  label  as  by  the  test  applied  to  every  candidate — Has  he 
been  an  unswerving  supporter  of  preparedness  and  war  measures? 

Many  candidates  have  had  a  chance  to  put  tliemselves  on 
record  in  Congress,  for  many  are  candidates  for  re-election. 
Others  have  been  at  pains  to  make  their  opinion  public. 

The  elections  provide  for  a  new  Congress,  the  Sixty-sixth. 
It  will  convene  in  December,  1919,  unless  called  earlier  in  extra 
session.  And  it  will  probably  be  called  in  extra  session  very 
soon  after  the  expiration  of  the  present  Congress,  March  4, 1919. 

The  elections  provide  for  a  third  of  the  Senate  and  for  an 
entirely  new  House  of  Representatives.  A  third  of  the  mem- 
bership of  the  Senate  (ninety-six  members),  or  thirty-two 
Senators,  are  elected  every  two  years  for  six-year  tei-ms.  But 
this  year,  owing  to  vacancies  made  -by  death,  several  more 
members  must  be  elected. 

It  is  interesting  to  glance  at  the  record  of  the  Senate  with 
T^ard  to  ten  principal  measures  having  to  do  with  prepared- 
ness and  war.  They  have  been  selected  by  the  National  Secu- 
rity League.   These  measures  are: 

1.  The  Vardaman  Amendment  of  June  2, 1914,  to  the  Navy 
BiD  providing  for  one  battleship  instead  of  two. 

2.  The  bill  of  April  18, 1916,  providing  for  a  volunteer  reserve 
army  wholly  under  Federal  control. 

3.  The  Brandegee  Amendment  of  the  same  date  to  the  Army 
Bill  providing  for  an  army  of  250,000  instead  of  140,000. 

4.  The  Morris  Amendment  of  July  17,  1916,  deferring  the 
construction  of  battleships  until  the  conclusion  of  the  European 


5.  The  Kenyon  Amendment  of  July  21, 1916,  reducing  the 
number  of  battleships  to  be  built  from  ten  to  six. 

6.  The  Navy  Bill  of  the  same  date. 

7.  The   Declaration    of  War  resolution   against  Germany, 
April  4, 1917. 

a  The  Army  Bill  of  April  28, 1917. 

9.  The  McKellar  Amendment  of  the  same  date,  providing  for 
an  anny  of  volunteers  before  resorting  to  conscription. 

10.  The  bill  of  March  29, 1918,  providing  for  universal  mili- 
tary training. 

In  the  cases  of  Senators  Nelson,  of  Minnesota,  and  Varda- 
xnan,  of  Mississippi,  extremes  met.  Mr.  Nelson  voted  right  on 
^sach  of  the  ten  measures.  Mr.  Vardaman  voted  wrong  on  each 
of  the  eight  occasions  when  he  voted  ;  it  is  presumable  that  he 
wonld  have  voted  wrong  on  the  other  two  above  measures, 
-t;liotigh  "  no  vote  "  does  not  necessarily  mean  that  a  Senator  was 
skbeent  or  "  dodged  "  voting  ;  often  a  Senator  is  "  paired." 

Nor  is  one  surprised  to  find  that  such  Senators  as  Lodge  and 

'^'eeka,  of  Massachusetts,  for  instance,  voted  right  every  time 

±liey  voted,  any  more  than  to  find  that  La  Follette,  of  Wisconsin, 

-voted  wrong  each  time.  Senator  Nelson  and  Senator  Weeks  are 

«ajnong  those  seeking  re-election.    We  hope  that  they  will  be 

«*nooeuf id  and  we  expect  them  to  be  suooessful. 


THE  ELECTIONS:   THE  HOUSE 

Turning  to  the  House  of  Representatives,  we  find,  in  the 
fS  rst  place,  that  of  the  435  districts  there  are  165  "  dose  dis- 
t.  xicts  " — that  is,  those  where  a  change  of  five  per  cent  in  the 


vote  would  alter  the  result  as  indicated  in  the  1916  election. 
This  closeness  will,  it  is  expected,  make  an  impressive  showing 
when  the  returns  are  counted. 

In  the  second  place,  there  are  no  less  than  94  districts  where 
renominated  Representatives  have  more  or  less  consistently 
opposed  war  and  other  measures.  Among  those  opponents  are 
the  heads  of  two  important  committees  of  the  House — the  Com- 
mittees on  Ways  and  Means  and  the  Committee  on  MUiiary 
Affairs.  Of  the  first,  Mr.  Kitchin,  of  North  Carolina,  is  Chair- 
man ;  of  the  second,  Mr.  Dent,  of  Alabama.  We  do  not  wonder 
that  the  feeling  on  the  part  of  certain  candidates  for  seats  in  the 
House  is  found  expressed  in  their  pledge  to  vote  against  any 
organization  of  that  body  which  would  make  possible  the  reten- 
tion of  such  men  as  chairmen  of  those  Committees. 

The  National  Security  League  has  asked  every  candidate  for 
Congress  whether  he  would  pledge  himself  to  be  an  advocate 
of  a  prosecution  of  the  war  until  Germany,  Austria,  and  Turkey 
concede  the  Allies'  claims.  Replies  have  been  received  from 
nearly  all  the  candidates.  About  nine  oUt  of  every  ten  pledged 
themselves  to  stand  for  a  complete  victory,  and  only  about  one 
out  of  every  ten  stated  in  reply  that  he  would  be  guided  by  the 
President's  views  or  made  some  other  indefinite  statement. 
The  National  Security  League  is  a  non-partisan  ot^anization, 
its  executive  officers  including  both  Democrats  and  Republicans 
of  National  prominence.  It  publishes  an  "  Honor  Roll "  of 
forty-seven  Congressmen  who  hav^voted  right  on  eight  great 
war  measures  that  constitute  a  genviine  support  of  the  Presi- 
dent in  his  prosecution  of  the  war.  An  examination  of  this 
"  Honor  Roll  of  forty-seven  "  shows  that  forty-three  are  Repub- 
licans. It  is  interesting  to  compare  this  test  with  the  President's 
proclamation  against  electing  Republicans  to  the  next  Congress. 

An  equally  overwhelming  stand  against  any  peace  with  Ger- 
many not  based  on  unconditional  surrender  has  since  been 
obtained  from  the  candidates  by  the  American  Defense  Society. 

No  matter  whether  the  electoral  result  favors  Democrats  or 
Republicans,  voters,  we  believe,  have  never  more  closely  scru- 
tinized the  records  and  opinions  of  candidates  for  Congress  than 
they  are  now  doing.  As  a  result,  we  feel  that  the  presumable 
failure  of  candidates  with  bad  records  has  advanced  from  the 
stage  of  possibility  to  that  of  probability.  The  old-time  apathy 
on  the  part  of  many  voters  with  regard  to  the  selection  of  their 
representatives  in  Congress  has  now  changed.  It  is  seen  that  in 
the  solution  of  war  problems  Congress  is  playing,  and  is  to  play, 
a  vitally  important  role. 

Certainly,  at  this  time  of  crisis  in  the  war,  every  voter  should 
see  that  only  such  men  go  to  Congress  as  will  carry  out  the  wiU 
of  the  American  people.  They  have  willed  a  complete  victory 
and  a  peace  dictated  on  German  soiL 

CHILD  LABOR  AND  MAN  POWER 

The  new  Child  Labor  Bill  introdooed  into  the  Honse  of 
Representatives  by  Mr.  Keating  is  to  be  reported  favorably 
under  a  majority  vote  of  5  to  8  in  the  House's  Committee  on 
Labor.  The  bill  was  briefly  outiined  in  The  Outlook  last  month. 
Its  constitutionality  depends  upon  the  existence   of  the  war 

Swers  of  Congrress.  In  view  of  the  many  war  bills  passed  by 
mgress,  one  can  hardly  see  how  the  existence  of  this  power 
can  be  questioned,  but  uie  minority  of  the  Conmaittee  seem  to 
doubt  it. 

One  vital  purpose  of  the  bill  is  distinotiy  a  war  purpose.  It 
is  designed  to  conserve  the  man  power  of  the  Nation.  The  advo- 
cates of  child  labor  legislation  rightly  declare  that  "  any  child 
labor  bill  is  a  man  power  bill."  The  Keating  Bill  prohibits  the 
labor  of  children  under  sixteen  in  mines  and  quarries,  and  of 
.  children  between  the  ages  of  fourteen  and  sixteen  for  more  than 
eight  hours  a  day  or  at  night  in  mills,  factories,  and  canneries. 
A  boy  sixteen  years  old  is  nearly  ready  to  begin  military  train- 
ing under  a  right  system  of  universal  preparedness.  If  he  is 
made  to  work  long  hours  in  a  factory,  his  physical  development 
may  be  hindered  and  his  possible  future  usefulness  as  a  soldier 
diminished. 

This  is  the  war  side  of  the  matter.  The  humane  side  needs  no 
exposition.  If  the  bill  passes  as  a  war  measure,  ite  power  will 
extend  during  the  time  of  readjustment  after  the  war.  When 
that  time  is  over  (six  months),  it  is  proposed  that  permanent 


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CARTOONS      OF      TH  E     WEEK 


Chapin  i 

n  the  St.  Louis  Republic 

1 

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fj||Kn|^^^iA^v^''^^^^^^^| 

^^^BRT 

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^^H 

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^^^^^1 

Kirhi/  III  the  yew  i'orJc  I)  orid 


tii«r 


AMERICA'S  ASSWER 


THE  COLLAPSE  OF  KAISERISM 


AT  THE   END   OK  THE   ROAD 


Fruin  L'Asino  (Eome,  Italy) 


THE   GERMAN    SWORD 
'  To  think  that  the  goo<l  old  Gott  gave  it  to  me  !' 


LOSING  FAITH  IN  HIS  IDOLS 


Newhould  in  the  Passing  Show  (Londoni 


AIL  THE   DIFFERENCE 
Colonel :  **  Yoii  blithering:  idiot !  Instead  of  undressing  this  lett«r  to  *  The 
Tntelli^jenro  Otlicer,'  you've  written  '  Intelligent  OflBcer.'    There's  no  Bucli 
iterson  in  the  arniv  !" 


Wilkinson  in  thf  Pfissiuif  Show 
{Lomli-n) 

d- 


^y 


A   gUIET  REBUKE 
*'Lortly!  An'  wot  did  voii  do 

■when  'e  called  you  a  dirty  Iluu  ?"' 
"Do?  Just  treated  him  with 

silent  contempt  ou  the  'tad  wiih 

my  'animer  !' 


Hoy  in  the  Evening  News  (Londtm) 


'I'liK    WKoNii.   \\lUt\i.    TILAIL 

Gerraania:    "Hi!    I  thought   you    wej« 
going-  to  Paris!'* 

Ludendorff:  "Well,  the   world's  roofti. 


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Sogers  in  the  New  York  Herald 


TWO  WORDS,  MR.  PRKSIDENT 


WHAT  THE  COUNTRY  WANTED 


Catset  in  the  Netc  York  Evening  K'orld 


CopyH^ht,  l^sS,  by  The  Press  PubtlshioK  Co.  <T1ic  New  York  Eveoiac  World.) 
"DONT  KMOW  MK.  DO  TOUT" 


THE  GERMAN  PEACE  ANOEL 


n'fbster  in  the  New  York  Globe 


C<i|i)ri(bt,  l^it,  by  11.  T.  Wd-Mcf 

THK  MUN'8  PEACE  PREUMINARIKS 


ACmONS  SPEAK  LOUDER  THAN  WORDS 


Chapin  in  the  St.  Louis  Republic 


•EVESTUALLV,  WHV  NOT  NOW  ?• 


THE  SENSIBLE  THIN(5  FOR  THE  OKUMANS  TO  DO 


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334 


THE   OUTLOOK 


6  NoTemlxr 


National  child  labor  legislation  should  be  established  through  a 
measure  based  on  the  taxing  power  of  Congress,  which  has  alr^y 
put  out  of  existence  such  evils  as  State  bank  notes  and  poisonous 
phosphorus  matches.  It  may  be  more  or  less  an  unavoidable 
consequence  of  war  that  child  labor  has  increased  during  the 
shorta^fe  of  other  labor.  The  National  Child  Labor  Committee 
has  evidence  that  the  fact  is  as  stated.  It  adds,  with  justifiable 
feeling :  "  The  country  ^oes  not  need  the  children  in  the  mines, 
factories,  and  shops.  They  are  more  valuable  to  the  Nation  in 
school.  We  can  win  the  war  without  sacrificing  the  present  and 
future  interest  of  our  children." 


BOOZE  OR  COAL- WHICH? 

Early  in  September  Congress  gave  to  the  President  power 
to  prohibit  the  sale  of  intoxicants  in  any  zones  throughout  the 
country  in  which  he  thinks  such  prohibition  will  increase  war 
production. 

At  the  bottom  of  all  war  production  stands  coal  production. 
Without  coal  we  can  make  nothing  —neither  ships  nor  shells, 
nor  yet  rifles  nor  blankets.  Nor  can  we  transport  what  we  can 
manufacture.  Maximum  coal  production,  then,  requires  the 
instant  application  of  any  device  or  stimulant  possible,  for 
millions  of  tons  of  coal  in  excess  of  any  previous  demand  are 
absolutely  and  imperatively  needed  this  year. 

Working  at  top  speed,  the  force  of  miners  we  had  before  war 
began  could  hardly  keep  pace  with  the  demand.  But  we  no 
longer  have  such  a  force  of  miners.  Tens  of  thousands  of  them 
have  enlisted  or  been  drafted.  Other  thousands  have  gone  into 
munition  plants.   Our  mining  forces  are  seriously  depleted. 

And  whenever,  for  any  reason,  any  considerable  number  of 
miners  is  idle,  coal  production  falls  off  tremendously.  Influenza 
among  the  miners  in  a  certain  part  of  the  northern  Pennsylvania 
mines  has  cut  coal  production  twenty-five  thousand  tons  a  day. 
Figures  obtained  by  the  Philadelphia  "  North  American  "  from 
the  Central  Pennsylvania  Coal  Producers'  Association  show 
that  on  account  of  the  general  celebration  of  the  Fourth  of  July 
in  the  Altoona  district  coal  production  for  the  week  fell  off 
three  htmdred  thousand  tons.  And  that  is  in  one  district  only  I 
Shortage  of  cars  also  cuts  production  somewhat. 

But  the  principal  reason  for  inefficiency  in  the  mines  is  booze. 
According  to  Seward  E.  Button,  Chief  of  the  Pennsylvania 
State  Department  of  Mines,  booze  is  responsible  for  slow  coal 
production.  According  to  Frank  Farrington,  President  of  the 
United  Mine  Workers  of  America  for  we  State  of  Illinois, 
booze  is  responsible  for  slow  coal  production.  According  to  mine 
managers  of  the  Lehigh  coal-fields,  booze  is  responsible  for  slow 
coal  production.  According  to  the  National  Coal  Association, 
which  represents  coal  operators  with  an  output  of  four  hundred 
million  tons  a  year,  booze  is  responsible  for  slow  coal  production. 
After  every  pay-day  many  miners  are  absent  from  work,  spend- 
ing their  time  in  saloons.  They  come  back  to  the  mines  shaken 
and  unsteady,  and  unable  to  do  a  full  day's  labor. 

Where  drink  has  been  abolished  coal  production  has  increased 
beyond  belief.  In  a  letter  written  by  W.  B.  Reed,  chief 
accountant  for  the  White  Oak  Coal  Company,  of  Maodonald, 
West  Virginia,  that  official  says :  "  We  have  made  a  compari- 
son for  three  months  prior  to  Jtme  29, 1914,  and  for  the  three 
months  subsequent  thereto,  and  the  result  is  shown  below : 

with  aUooiu.  WitboQt  mIocim. 


April 10.960.60  tons  July 24.8.52.6.'5  tons 

May 7.902.20    "  "  "    " 


June 16,7.52.70 

Totals 36,615J0 


August 16.199.6.'5 

{September 26,761.4.'» 

67,81:5.75 

.35,615^0 

Increase 32,19».25 


"  It  18  safe  to  assume,"  says  Mr.  Reed,  "  that  the  rate  of  in- 
crease would  be  carried  out  throughout  the  year ;  and,  if  that  be 
the  case,  the  result  would  show  an  increased  production  per 
anniim,  due  to  absence  of  liquor  from  the  field,  of  128,793  tons." 

From  such  testimony  there  is  no  escape.  Biit  if  further  evi- 
dence is  wanting,  it  is  supplied  by  the  statement  of  the  National 
Coal  Association  already  mentioned.  Assembletl  in  July  to  con- 
sider means  of  overcoming  the  coal  shortage,  the  Association 
gave  out  a  statement  that,  m  its  opinion.  Nation-wide  prohibition 
for  the  period  of  the  war  is  absolutely  essential  for  speeding  up 
the  mines  sufficiently  to  get  the  one  hundred  million  tons  of 


coal  that  the  Nation  will  require  this  year  in  excess  of  normal 
demands.  "  The  country  cannot  keep  booze  in  the  mining  sec- 
tions," said  this  statement,  "  and  have  coal  later  on." 

Defenders  of  booze  claim  that  car  shortage  is  the  real  cause 
of  limited  production.  Car  shortage  does  cut  <?oal  production. 
During  the  week  of  July  4,  when  the  Altoona  district  slumped 
three  hundred  thousand  tons,  car  shortage  caused  a  loss  in  the 
district  of  13,298  tons.  Undoubtedly  car  shortage  cuts  coal 
production.  But,  as  the  "  American  Issue  "  points  out, "  it  took 
two  hundred  thousand  cars  last  year  throughout  the  year  to 
transport  the  alcoholic  liquor  of  the  Nation.  Two  hundred 
thousand  cars  will  haul  a  lot  of  ooal  and  will  do  more  to  keep 
the  families  of  the  Nation  warm  than  booze." 

Although  it  was  July  when  the  Coal  Association  declared  that 
we  could  not  have  both  ooal  and  booze,  intoxicants  have  not  yet 
been  barred  generally  from  the  mining  districts.  Meantime  cold 
weather  is  almost  at  hand.  In  a  few  more  weeks  we  may  have 
heavy  snows  to  impede  traffic  and  make  the  coal  shortage  worse 
th»n  ever.  But  the  President  now  has  in  his  hands  what  he 
lacked  in  July — the  power  to  wipe  booze  out  of  the  coal-fields. 
We  believe  that  it  is  the  sense  of  the  American  people  that  the 
President  should  use  that  power  at  once. 


THE   SPOILS  SYSTEM  AGAIN 

One  reason  why  reformers  feel  that  they  ought  to  regain 
control  in  the  House  of  Representatives  is  bmiuse  of  the  kind 
of  Census  Bill  which  the  Democratic  majority  has  put  through 
that  body.  It  is  a  Civil  Service  step  backwards. 

The  Constitution  requires  a  census  of  the  population  to  be 
taken  every  ten  years.  The  next  Census — the  fourteenth — occurs 
in  1920,  and  is  to  indude  our  mainland,  Alaska,  Hawaii,  Porto 
Rico,  Guam,  Samoa,  and  the  Canal  Zone. 

The  bill  as  passed  makes  no  Civil  Service  examination  pro- 
vision for  the  four  hundred  supervisors.  They  are  to  be  ap- 
pointed without  test  of  any  kind.  And  these  four  hundred  men 
are  to  name  the  eighty-five  thousand  enumerators.  Under  this 
system  such  supervisors,  as  in  the  old  past,  would  be  politicians, 
and  they  would  naturaUy  appoint  political  enumerators. 

The  bill  also  contains  a  "  joker.  It  is  an  effort  to  create  the 
impression  that  a  Civil  Service  examination  is  provided  for  the 
forty-five  hundred  clerks.  These  clerks  are  to  be  appointed 
from  among  those  who  pass  such  test  as  the  Director  may 
prescribe,  but  without  regard  to  their  relative  ratings.  The 
Director  can  make  the  test  so  simple  that  any  one  can  pass  it, 
and  then  he  can  appoint  any  one  he  chooses — which  means,  of 
course,  any  one  whom  his  political  superiors  designate  after  due 
consultation  with  local  politicians. 

This  is  the  kind  of  thing  which,  despite  the  strenuous  oppo- 
sition of  Mr.  Gillett,  the  Republican  leader  in  the  Hon^  the 
reactionary  majority  passed,  knowing  quite  well  too  that  the 
Civil  Service  Commission  was  able  and  ready  to  fill  the  places 
by  examination  and,  in  case  of  an  emergency  requiring  that 
examination  be  waived  for  specific  appointments,  that  the 
President  had  full  authority  to  make  such  exceptions. 

Does  such  a  bill  indicate  that  "  politics  is  adjourned "  ? 
Hardly. 

Let  us  remember  with  some  degree  of  satis&ction  that  Pres- 
dent  Roosevelt  vetoed  a  similar  bill  and  that  President  Taft 
announced  that  if  the  bill  came  to  him  in  the  same  shape  he  too 
would  veto  it.  A  better  bill  was  finally  passed.  It  provided 
that  the  additional  clerical  force  required  for  the  Census  should 
be  subject  to  an  examination  by  the  Civil  Service  Commission, 
open  to  all  applicants,  selection  to  be  made  in  the  order  of  rating. 
This  pi-ovision  has  been  eliminated  in  the  present  bill  so  as  to 
install  the  spoils  system  where  it  was  not  already  installed  by 
the  other  provisions. 

Why  does  not  President  Wilson  warn  the  Senate  as  his 
predecessors  did  ? 


AGAINST  THE  LEAN   YEARS 

It  is  not  generally  realized  that  by  gpine  without  wheat  in 
the  last  six  months  we  have  saved  the  AUies  from  actual  defeat. 
We  had  less  than  twenty  million  bushels  to  spare  ;  we  sent  one 
hundred  and  forty-one  million  bushels.  We  did  it  by  going  witb- 


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THE   OUTLOOK 


335 


out.  If  the  American  people  had  failed  in  this,  sajra  the  Food 
Administration,  the  second  battle  of  the  Mame,  tibe  victory  in 
which  our  American  troops  had  so  great  a  share,  would  never 
have  been  fought. 

By  the  kindness  of  nature  our  harvest  was  two  weeks  early. 
We  crossed  the  line  without  realizing  how  slender  a  margin 
had  stood  between  us  and  privation.  We  must  not  again  cut 
our  comers  so  close,  warns  the  Food  Administration. 

Taking  all  our  foodstufEs  yield  together,  it  is  claimed  that 
the  supply  last  year  in  actual  nourishment  was  from  seven  to 
nine  per  cent  below  normal.  If  our  deficiency  had  been  fifteen 
per  cent,  nothing,  asserts  the  Food  Administration,  could  have 
saved  Europe  from  wholesale  disaster. 

The  presmt  lesson  is  that  we  must  lay  by  reserves  great 
aioogh  to  make  up  for  shortened  production,  as  men  are  more 
and  more  drawn  from  the  farms  to  serve  in  tlie  Army ;  great 
enough  to  maintain  supplies  for  our  Army  and  Navy  and  our 
allies. 

As  we  are  incredsingly  throwing  our  strength  into  fighting, 
we  shaD  be  less  able  to  maintain  our  own  production.  .Mother 
year  may  show  that  the  peak  of  production  in  this  country 
has  passed.  Hence  we  must  create  reserves  for  our  own  safety, 
to  maintain  the  armies  in  the  field,  to  bold  Russia  imd  Rumania 
from  famine,  and  to  succor  each  village  and  town  and  city  relin- 
quished by  the  Germans. 

Thus  the  need  of  willing  sacrifice  is  greater  than  ever. 

PUBLIC  EATING  PLACES 

Every  day  some  nine  million  Americans,  it  is  said,  take 
tbeir  meals  at  puUic  eating  places — at  restaurants,  cafes,  hotels, 
in  dining-«ars,  and  in  other  places  where  cooked  food  is  sold 
to  be  eaten  on  the  premises. 

We  did  a  great  deal  last  winter  in  going  without  food  our^ 
sdves,  but  we  must  do. more  this  winter.  We  must  establish  a 
stricter  eating  programme  than  that  of  our  former  wheatless 
and  meaUess  days.  We  must  have  a  great  reducdon  of  the 
general  consumption  of  food. 

The  Food  Administration  has  now  proclaimed  new  rules. 
Anxmg  them  are  the  following :  No  public  eating  place  shall 
serve  any  bread  or  other  bakery  product  which  does  not  con- 
tain at  least  twenty  per  cent  of  wheat-flour  substitutes ;  or 
shall  serve  more  than  two  ounces  of  this  bread  or  more  than 
four  ounces  of  other  breads  (com  bread  or  Boston  brown  bread, 
for  instance) ;  or  shall  allow  any  bread  to  be  brought  to  the 
table  until  the  first  course  b  served ;  or  shall  serve  more  than 
one  kind  of  meat  or  more  than  half  an  ounce  of  butter  or  of 
cheese ;  or  shall  serve  more  than  a  teaspoonfid  of  sugar,  and 
then  only  if  the  guest  so  requests ;  or  shall  serve  any  double 
cream. 

The  Food  Administration  counts  on  the  patriotic  co- 
cveration  of  the  public  in  compliance  with  the  above  rules. 
Snoold  there  possioly  be  a  case  where  such  cooperation  is  not 
had  from  any  eating  place,  the  Administration  can  secure  com- 
pliance by  its  control  of  the  distribution  of  sugar,  flour,  and 
other  food  supplies.  Such  enforcement  would  certainly  protect 
patriots  from  slackers.  But  slackers  are  getting  gratifjringly 
Ibbb  in  number  and  proportion.  Men  and  women,  whether  con- 
samers  or  purveyors,  are  realizing  as  never  before  the  necessity 
laid  upon  each  one  at  this  time  to  ask  the  simple  question. 
Does  tois  or  that  contribute  to  winning  the  war  ? 

THE  EPIDEMIC 

**  If  you  feel  side  all  over,  with  chilliness  or  aching  of  the 
boaes,  and  with  feverishness  and  headache,  perhaps  with  a  cold 
in  the  bead  or  throat,  you  are  probably  getting  influenza."  So 
remarks  the  Health  Commissioner  of  New  York  City.  He  follows 
it  with  a  series  of  recommendations  as  follows : 

Go  to  bed  and,  ontil  yoo  get  a  doctor,  do  these  things : 
Take  castor  oil  or  a  dose  of  salts  to  move  the  boweu. 
Keep  reasonably  bat  not  too  well  covered,  and  keep  fresh  air 
m  the  room,  best  by  opening  a  window  at  the  top. 

Take  only  simple,  plain  food,  such  as  milk,  soups,  gruels,  or 
porridse,  or  any  other  cereals.  Eat  ))rea(l  and  butter  and  any 
kind  o?  broth  or  maslied  potatoes.  Eggs  may  be  eaten,  but  not 
luore  than  two  a  day.    Do  not  take  any  meat  or  any  wine,  beec 


or  whisky,  or  other  spirits,  unless  you  are  ordered  to  by  the 
doctor. 

Do  not  get  up  unless  absolutely  necessary,  and  then  do  not 
walk  about  and  expose  yourself  to  cold,  and  do  not  go  about  in 
bare  feet  In  this  way  you  will  avoid  getting  pneumonia  or 
bronchitis. 

Do  not  take  any  medicine  unless  ordered  by  a  doctor. 

Do  not  congh  or  sneeze  in  the  face  of  other  people. 

You  should  drink  plenty  of  plain  water  all  through  the  sick- 
ness. 

Stay  in  bed  until  you  have  no  fever  and  are  feeling  much 
better.   Stay  in  the  house  two  or  three  days  Ioniser. 

If  you  are  not  much  better  or  practicallv  well  in  two  or  three 
days,  call  a  doctor,  if  you  have  not  already  done  so,  or  ask  the 
nearest  hospital  for  help,  or  call  the  nearest  nursing  center,  or 
notify  the  nearest  Boanl  of  Health  clinic. 

In  addition,  more  stringent  municipal  regulations  have  been 
needed,  espedally  in  New  York  City ;  for  instance,  the  Board 
of  Health  has  made  it  a  misdemeanor,  punishable  by  a  fine  of 
$250  or  six  months'  imprisonment,  for  a  doctor  not  to  report 
new  cases  of  Spanish  influenza ;  or  for  a  landlord  to  refuse  to 
furnish  heat  in  a  home  or  in  a  place  of  business ;  or  in  cases 
where  there  are  dry  sweepings  in  subway  and  elevated  stations 
or  expectoration  into  the  subway  roadbeds.  As  most  of  the 
children  in  the  metropolis  come  from  overcrowded  districts, 
the  schools  have  not  been  closed,  as  they  have  been  in  other 
cities,  the  children  being  believed  to  be  better  off  in  their  class- 
rooms than  in  stuffy,  poorly  ventilated  rooms  at  home.  How- 
ever, as  the  nurse  equipment  has  been  inadequate,  the  partial 
closing  of  the  schools  has  been  recommended  so  that  teachers 
may  be  enrolled  as  additional  volunteer  aids  to  the  many 
women  who  have  already  engaged  in  nursing  and  housekeeping 
in  this  exigency. 

Reports  of  the  Surgeon-General  at  Washington  indicate  that 
the  influenza  in  the  Army  camps  is  subsiding,  as  it  seems  to  be 
generally  throughout  the  East  and  South. 

In  the  fight  against  the  epidemic  many  persons,  families,  and 
employees  m  industrial  concerns  have  been  inoculateil.  Some 
of  the  serums  used  have  been  prepared  from  old  strains  of  influ- 
enza bacillus  and  others  are  mixed  preparations.  While  the 
serums  may  not  invariably  make  one  immune,  reports  indicate 
good  results  in  the  great  majority  of  cases.  At  tne  same  time 
too  much  reliance  should  not  be  placed  upon  every  statement 
ooDceming  the  prophylactic  and  certainty  concerning  the  cura^ 
tive  value  of  the  various  serums.  The  word  ^'  various  "  sums  up 
the  whole  situation — the  bacteriology  of  the  disease  is  stUl  in 
dispute.  Particularly  as  to  the  cure  of  this  influenza  experts 
acknowledge  that  "  as  yet  we  have  no  specific  serum  or  other 
specific  means." 

The  attempt  to  relate  the  present  epidemic  to  the  plague  that 
occurred  in  Manchuria  sevend  years  ago  assumes  a  long  chain 
of  connections,  and  condudes  with  the  assumption  that  the  influ- 
enza bacillus  is  a  modified  form  of  the  bacillus  of  the  pneumonic 
plague.  However,  it  has  not  yet  been  proved  to  the  satisfaction 
of  all  that  the  influenza  baciUus,  either  in  its  original  or  modified 
form,  is  the  cause  of  the  epidemic.  The  real  causes  and  nature 
of  influenza  are  still  unknown. 


THE  ADVANCE  OF  THE  ALUES 

An  attack  by  the  Allies  on  the  Italian  front,  in  keeping 
with  Marshal  Foch's  plan  of  striking  fiercely  at  point  aftet 
point  in  the  enemy's  whole  battle-line,  has  been  predicted  for 
weeks.  On  October  25  Italian  and  British  troops  attacked  in 
force,  aided  also  by  a  French  advance.  As  usual  on  this  front, 
the  attack  was  directed  both  in  the  northern  region  around 
Mont  Grappa,  east  of  the  Asiago  section,  and  at  points  farther 
south  on  the  Piave.  The  Piave  was  crossed,  and  on  October  29 
it  was  reported  that  sixteen  thousand  prisoners  had  been  taken 
in  two  days,  while  the  advance  was  on  a  fifty-mile  line. 

The  crushingof  Germanv's  military  force  is  thus  by  no  means 
confine*!  to  the  r  rench  and  Belgrian  lines.  Italy  Ls  in  tlteadvanm*; 
in  the  Balkans,  the  Allies  are  actually  on  the  Danube  River 
facing  Rumanian  territory,  and  Rumania  is  sure  to  be  back  in 
the  war  before  long ;  Turkey  is  almost  at  her  last  gasp  from 
the  military  point  of  view,  for  General  Allenbv  has  seized 
Aleppo,  and  thereby  has  out  off  or  driven  into  ilte^aiMitains 


336 


THE  OUTLOOK 


6   PfflTC^UKT 


tiie  Tttrlmb  lorcw  eut  of  Aleppo  and  thorn  facing  General 
ManthaJl  in  Mesopotamia.  The  fatnre  pofleibilitiefl  <rf  reoonsti- 
tuting  Ktuwia  a«  an  ally  in  the  war  are  materially  strengthened 
br  them  yictorieii  in  the  East,  which  make  an  advance  throng^ 
toe  Black  Bea  or  even  Caucamu  at  least  conceivable. 

No  wonder  that  Turkey  has,  as  reported  from  Amsterdam, 
offerer!  to  accept  almost  any  conilitions  for  a  separate  peace,  and 
ia  infapng  almtjst  servilely  for  an  armistice. 

Tim  chief  feature  of  the  recent  action  on  the  western  front  has 
iMen  the  French  drive  at  the  angle  between  the  Oise  and  the 
Aisne  Kivers.  This  is  a  pivotal  advance  point  of  the  German  line, 
and  itM  obliteration  Ity  General  Del)eney  will  open  a  chance  for 
flank  attacks  on  the  German  line  eastward  to  where  the  Ameri- 
cans are  advancing  slowly  but  surely. 

The  re««ignati<in  of  General  Ludendorff  as  chief  of  the  German 
Staff  is  an  indication  of  the  military  chaos  in  Germany.  It  is 
aN(;rilN'd  not  ho  miu^h  to  the  collapse  of  his  grandiose  plan  for 
';n]M)iing  the  Allies  as  to  his  resentment  at  any  German  politi- 
cal movement  toward  armistice  without  his  approval,  or  any- 
thing like  subordination  of  the  military  to  the  civil  authority. 
The  "Tagcblatt"  says  that  Ludendorff  ruled  Germany  for 
two  years  like  a  dictator,  and  that  his  domineering  personality 
ina<lc  him  insist  upon  having  "  a  finger  in  every  pie. 

Moving  stories  come  from  Lilk,  Courtrai,  Bruges,  and 
other  cities  recently  occupied  by  the  Allies,  cities  which  have 
bt?on  under  German  domination  for  years.  When  the  first  Brit- 
ish and  French  soldiers  arrived,  the  inhabitants  of  these  towns 
went  nearly  ma<l  with  joy.  They  brought  out  the  flags  which 
they  had  hidden  in  tree-trunks  and  other  secret  hiding-places; 
they  swarmed  alfout  every  one  of  their  rescuers,  greeting  them 
with  Bonjjjis,  shouts,  and  kisses ;  they  pointed  out  the  ravs^es 
(often  evidence  of  sheer  brutality  and  rapacity  and  without  any 
military  excuse),  and  they  made  a  festival  of  joy  which  lasted 
for  days.  It  is  noteworthy  that  in  the  towns,  most  recently  aban- 
doned by  the  Germans,  while  they  were  stripped  of  metal  and 
everything  of  conceivable  military  value,  there  appears  to  have 
Ihwii  less  vandalism  than  in  previous  cases.  This  is  attributed 

fMiorally  to  the  German  desire  to  impress  the  Allies  with  a 
icrinan  dcHiro  for  peace  (really  a  desire  for  a  favorable  armi- 
Btice).  as  was  also  the  annoimoeu  abandonment  of  the  murderous 
practice  of  torpedoing  passenger  ships. 

Every  evidence  points  to  tne  intention  of  the  Germans  to 
make  a  largo-scale  withdrawal  both  in  Belgium  and  France  and 
to  take  up  a  new  line  of  defense  which  will  shorten  their  battle- 
lino  in  the  west  by  i)orhai)8  a  hundred  miles .  or  more.  There 
are  at  least  three  lines  which  may  l)e  thus  occupied,  probably 
more.  It  seems  improbable  now  that  the  westernmost  of  these, 
which  woiUd  uip1u<Io  Ghent  and  Valenciennes,  can  be  held.  It 
is  inucli  more  likely  tliat  a  line  ninning  in  the  main  along 
the  river  Meuse  will  be  adopted.  This  line  would  pass 
tiiraugh  Namur  and  prolmbly  a  little  west  of  Brussels  and 
Antwerp.  If  in  turn  tliis  line  should  be  abandoned  or  prove 
uiit(>nal)lc,  tiie  line  taken  might  in  its  northeni  part  be  west  of 
Mntwtriclit  and  Li^ge  and  hirther  south  pass  through  Dun  to 
Mota ;  south  of  Metz  the  Moselle  would  ue  the  line.  It  may 
well  dei>ond  on  our  own  American  effort  whether  the  part  of 
this  last  line  juat  north  of  Metz  shall  or  shall  not  mdude 
tiu*  great  coal-fields  around  Briey,  for  our  First  Army  b  now 
facing  tliis  8i>ction  aft«.«r  its  occu|>ation  of  the  St.  Mihiel  salient 
The  American  forces,  both  east  and  west  of  Verdun,  have 
had  A  {xwuliarlv  hard  task,  and  tliey  have  carried  it  out  with 
ttmacity.  The  Germans  are  hanging  on  with  great  persistence 
in  tlM>se  regions,  but  the  Americans  who  captured  Grand  Pr^ 
(\v»»8t  of  the^Ieuse  and  northwest  of  Venlim)  and  have  advanced 
northwjml  fnnn  Grand  IW,  have  rendere<l  a  service  which  may 
well  Ih>  far  nioiv  iiniKtrtaiit  than  the  man  sliows.  IX>spatche8  state 
tliat  our  forces  accomiJisluHi  this  "  unaer  terrific  hardships  and 
with  a  heroism  not  hinted  at  in  the  brief  official  announcement." 

PRESIDENT  WILSON'S  HONORS 

During  rtnxMit  ntontlis  the  French  newspapers  have  made 
freqneut  mention  of  the  hmiors  ^ven  in  various  parts  of 
Fnuic«  to  Prt<8i<tent  Wilaon,  diAtiuguishing  him  both  as  a 
man  and  as  IVesiident  of  an  intiiuatelv  allietl  country. 

The  tint  lK»»"r  t^nte  last  spring  wLen  he  was  nivmiuated  for 


dection  to  the  Academy  of  Moral  and  Political  Sdenoes  a(  the 
Institute  of  France.  Tiua  Academy  is  one  of  five  whidi  ccnsti- 
tote  the  Institute,  the  others  being  the  Aeademie  Fran^aise, 
the  Academy  of  Inscription  and  Letters,  the  Academy  oi 
Scioioes,  and  the  Academy  of  Fme  Arts.  ]^Ir.  Wilaoii  has  now 
been  formally  elected  a  forrign  member  of  the  Academy  of 
Mocal  and  Political  Sciences. 

lie  University  of  Paris  has  just  instituted  ilie  d^^ree  of 
doctor  honoris  causa,  which  up  to  the  present  time  has  nevw 
existed  in  any  French  nniversibr.  The  intention  of  the  Univer- 
sity was  that  the  first  beneficiary  of  the  new  degree  shall  be 
President  Wilson.  The  oonferring  of  the  d^^ree  in  absentia 
will  take  place  at  the  next  meeting  of  the  University  coundL 

Aside  from  these  academic  honors  three  others  should  be 
mentioned.  The  well-knotifit  Avenue  du  Trocadero  in  Paris  has 
now  become  the  Avenue  at|^ President  Wilson.  In  Lyons  a  new 
bridge  over  the  Rhone  hai;.^eived  Mr.  Wilson's  name.  Finally, 
at  Mont  Blanc — which  is  in  France,  and  not  in  Switzerland 
— one  of  the  pics  has  been  renamed  for  the  Presidait, 
replacing  the  name  of  a  Prussian  mountain-climber.  Dr. 
Putschner.  The  Municipal  Council  of  Chamonix,  the  nearest 
town  of  any  considerable  size,  decided  upon  the  change.  On  the 
day  set  for  the  rededication  the  Mayor,  at  the  head  of  a  body 
of  citizens  and  carrying  the  American  flag,  ascended  the  main 
massif  oi  Mont  Blanc  to  the  Grands-Mulets,  a  small  plateau 
some  ten  thousand  feet  high,  on  which  there  is  an  eight-room 
chalet,  and  thence,  as  may  be  noted  by  the  illustration  on  an- 
other page,  up  to  the  particular  pie  in  question,  which  will 
henceforth  be  known  in  English  as  the  "  Wilson  Peak."  There 
our  flag  was  raised  and  unfurled.  That  night  the  peak  and  its 
surrounding  region  were  illuminated.  It  would  have  been  worth 
the  journey  to  see  the  effect  of  the  Bengal  lights  on  the  ioe-fidds 
and  crevasses. 


A  PERMANENT  CONDUCTOR  FOR  THE 
BOSTON  SYMPHONY  ORCHESTRA 

Henri  Rabaud,  who  is  to  be  the  permanent  conductor  of 
the  Boston  Symphony  Orchestra,  following  the  temporary 
appointment  of  Pierre  Monteux,  already  reported  in  these  pages, 
was  bom  in  Paris  in  1873  and  trained  at  the  Conservatoire, 
winning  the  Prix  de  Rome  in  1894  His  master  in  comporatian 
was  Jules  Massenet,  to  whom  his  Symphony  in  E  Minor,  played 
here  several  times  by  the  New  York  Symphony  Orchestra  under 
Mr.  Walter  Damrosch,  is  dedicated.  This  symphony  and  a  piece 
called  "  La  Procession  Nocturne,"  which  is  to  be  played  this 
winter  by  Rabaud's  friend  M.  Monteux,  are  his  chief  works  in 
instrumental  music.  Of  operas  he  has  written  "  La  Fllle  de 
Roland  "  (1904) ;  "  Le  Premier  Glaive  "  (1908) ;  and  "  Maroof," 
produced  at  the  Opera  Comique  in  Paris  in  1914  (M.  Camille 
Bellaigue  called  it "  the  last  smile  of  French  art  before  the  war  ") 
and  at  our  own  Metropolitan  Opera  House  last  seascm.  As  a 
composer  M.  Rabaud  is  scholarly,  skillful,  and  straightforward. 
He  IS  a  master  of  counterpoint,  and  verges  almost  upon  the  aca- 
demic sometimes  in  his  application  of  contrapuntal  methods  to 
his  material,  though  he  is  usually  saved  by  sincerity  and  warmth 
of  feeling.  "  La  TiUe  de  Rokoid "  opens  with  a  solidly  oon- 
structed  "fugato,"  and  the  symphony  is  built  entirely  from 
three  or  four  short  themes  through  most  ingenious  oombinatian 
and  recombination.  This  fondness  for  dear  design  and  wock- 
manlike  manipulation  must  be  considered  wholesome  when  we 
realize  how  much  of  modem  French  music  has  been  merdy 
pretty  and  impressionistic  The  vagueness  and  inarticulateness 
of  Debussy  are  not  very  characteristically  French.  The  tme 
Grallio  genius  is  quick,  clear,  alert,  precise,  witty.  That  M- 
Rabaud  can  write  music  tliat  corresponds  to  this  real  tempera- 
ment of  his  race  he  has  shown  in  "  ^larouf  "  and  in  the  sdferao 
of  his  symphony. 

As  a  conductor  M.  Rabaud  has  been  chiefly  connected  widi 
the  Opera  Comique  in  Paris,  though  he  has  also  i^ppeared  at 
the  Lkmouroux,  Colonne,  and  Monteux  Symphony  oaocectak 
M.  M<H)teux  has  vouched  for  the  seriousness  of  his  diaracter, 
the  agreeable  amiability  of  his  manners,  the  keenness  of  his  ear, 
and  the  eclecticism  of  his  taste.  Doubtiess  he  wiU  make  a  ape- 
dal  feature  of  luodom  French  music  on  his  programmes^  bat  be 
will  probably  prove  hospitable  to  all  the  other  oontemnticferT 

Digitized  by  VJWVJVIV^ 


1918 


THE  OUTLOOK 


337 


schools  except  the  German,  in  which  there  is  little  of  great  artis- 
tic value.  It  is  especially  to  be  hoped  that  he  will  take  kindly 
to  the  expression  in  music  of  the  American  temperament,  in  so 
many  ways  closely  allied  to  the  French.      ^ 


THE  BRITISH  EDUCATIONAL  COMMISSION 

There  is  now  visitin?  this  countri^  British  Educational 
Commission  consistine  of  Dr.  ArthurjJEverett  Shepley,  Vice- 
Chancellor  of  the  University  of  Cffiibrid^e ;  Sir  Henry 
Alexander  Miers,  Viee»Chancellor  of  the  University  of  Man- 
chester ;  the  Rev.  Edward  Mewbum  Walker,  senior  tutor  of 
Queens  College,  Oxford ;  Dr.  John  Joly,  Professor  of  Geology 
in  the  University  of  Dublin  ;  Sir  Henry  Jones,  Professor  of 
Moral  Philosophy  in  the  University  of  Glasgow ;  Miss  Caroline 
Spurgeon,  Professor  of  English  Literature  m  the  Universitv  of 
London  ;  and  Miss  Rose  Sedgwick,  Lecturer  in  Ancient  His- 
to^in  the  University  of  Birmingham. 

The  purpose  of  this  distinguished  and  most  interesting  Com- 
mission is  to  secure  international  co-operation  between  British 
and  American  institutions  of  learning,  and  to  bring  about  a 
cordial  interchange  of  university  students  and  professors. 

At  the  Congress  of  British  Universities  held  in  London  in 
1912  (the  first  of  its  kind  ever  brought  together)  the  establish- 
ment of  an  interchange  of  this  sort  was  urged  for  the  univer- 
sities thronghont  the  British  Empire.  This  idea  has  undergone 
extension,  and  the  interchange  should  be  more  international  in 
character.  Of  course  the  war  has  helped  to  emphasize  the 
importance  of  such  an  extension. 

We  are  already  familiar  with  the  exchange  professorships 
established  between  American  and  European  universities.  The 
plan  now  proposed  would  make  it  possible  for  the  universities 
of  Great  Britain  to  avail  themselves  of  the  service  of  professors 
in  the  universities  of  the  United  States  and  would  ^ord  the 
opportunity  for  students  from  each  of  these  countries  to  be 
admitted  to  the  universities  of  the  other  for  advance  study,  by 
which  is  meant  those  engaged  in  post-graduate  work. 

Under  this  plan  an  arrangement  would  not  be  entered  into 
by  one  American  university,  for  instance,  with  one  English  vmi- 
versity,  but  by  all  American  and  English  imiversities  joining 
together 

The  members  of  the  British  Commission  are  for  the  moment 
in  Princeton,  where  they  may  be  addressed  in  care  of  the  Presi- 
<lent  of  the  University.  They  purpose  visiting  our  principal 
universities  and  colleges,  especially  attending  the  meeting  of 
the  National  Association  of  State  Universities  in  Chicago  on 
November  11,  and  the  meeting  of  the  Association  of  American 
Universities  in  Cambridge  on  December  4. 

The  visit  of  this  British  Educational  Commission  is  a  result 
of  the  extraordinary  broadening  of  the  whole  system  of  educar 
tion  in  Great  Britain  brought  about  by  the  war.  For  the  moment 
British  and  American  universities  are  little  more  than  military 
camps ;  but  what  they  are  to  do  when  peace  is  established,  how 
they  are  to  meet  the  changed  conditions  of  society  due  to  the 
war,  constitute  questions  of  the  utmost' importance  to  the  future 
and  redemocratized  national  life  of  the  two  countries.  These 
questions  Dr.  Herbert  A.  L.  Fisher,  British  Minister  of  Educa- 
tion, foreshadowed  in  three  notable  articles  contributed  to  The 
Outlook  in  January,  1917,  articles  that  are  well  worth  re-reading 
to-day. 


THE  LUTHERAN  UNION 

**  The  swiftest  unification  movement  on  a  large  scale  in  the 
history  of  the  Christian  Church  "  was  the  phrase  used  by  an 
American  divine  in  speaking  of  the  forthcoming  merging  of  the 
three  English-speaking  bodies  of  the  Lutheran  Church. 

The  merger  will  be  formally  accomplished  this  month.  The 
first  steps  toward  it  were  taken  in  the  early  part  of  last  year. 

The  tnree  bodies  in  question  are  the  General  Council  of  the 
Evangelical  Lutheran  Church  in  North  America,  the  General 
Svnod  of  the  Lutheran  Church  in  the  United  States,  and  the 
LTnited  Synod  of  the  Evangelical  Lutheran  Church  in  the 
South. 

These  bodies  arose  in  this  way :  Though  the  Lutheran  Church 
is  a  very  old  one  in  North  America,  dating  back  to  1619  in 


Canada  and  1639  in  Pennsylvania,  a  General  Synod  was  not 
organized  until  1820.  Later  un-Lutheran  tendencies  and 
practices   crept   into   that  body ;  a  General  Council  was  or- 

fanized,  holding  more  vigorously  to  the  teachings  of  the 
iUtheran  Church  as  based  on  the  Augsburg  Confession. 
The  Civil  War  caused  the  Southern  bodies  to  withdraw  from 
their  brethren  in  the  North,  hence  there  came  about  the  Synod 
of  the  South. 

While  actual  steps  looking  towards  the  merger  were  not  taken 
until  last  year,  co-operating  committees  among  the  three  bodies 
have  been  at  work  for  three  decades.  Sunday-school  literature, 
charts,  books,  and  ministerial  acts  have  been  produced  jointly ; 
boards  and  other  departments  of  the  divided  synods  have  been 
constantly  in  working  fellowship  ;  and,  above  all,  the  Committee 
on  the  Book  of  Common  Service,  after  several  years'  labor, 
produced  its  book  in  1917. 

It  is  appropriate  that,  in  harmony  with  the  celebration  last 
year  of  tne  Quadricentennial  of  the  Reformation,  this  merger 
should  come  about,  for  it  will  greatly  increase  the  efficiency  of 
the  Lutheran  Church — one  of  the  largest  in  Protestant  America. 
This  increase  should  be  specially  noted  in  Lutheran  higher 
education.  The  first  constructive  work  of  the  Protestant 
Reformation,  in  which  Luther  was  the  central  figure,  was  to 
establish  schools,  and  the  traditions  of  the  Lutheran  Church 
abroad  and  in  America  have  always  emphasized  education.  The 
American  Lutheran  Church  controls  sixteen  colleges  and  eleven 
seminaries.  As  a  number  of  the  institutions  are  in  the  same 
territory,  they  should,  under  the  merger,  in  time  be  combined ; 
this  will  effect  a  saving  of  many  thousands  of  dollars.  The 
Lutheran  colleges  and  seminaries  are  valued  at  five  and  one- 
quarter  million  dollars,  with  endowments  running  well  above 
tnree  millions.  Most  of  these  institutions  have  enlisted  in  the 
military  establishment  of  the  Nation  and  have  Student  Army 
Training  Corps. 

The  Lutheran  Church,  under  the  merger,  is  to  be  known  as 
the  United  Lutheran  Church  in  America.  It  will  represent  a 
baptized  membership  of  almost  two  millions,  and  a  communicant 
and  confirmed  membership  of  nearly  a  million. 

CHURCH  UNION  IN  CHINA 

The  Federal  Council  of  Christian  Churches  in  China  is 
soon  to  clasp  hands  with  the  Federal  Council  of  the  Churches 
of  Christ  in  America.  This  wiU  be  the  outcome  of  six  eventful 
days  at  Nanking  last  April.  Ten  different  Presbyterian  bodies 
there  resolved  to  unite,  dissolved  their  Federal  Council,  and 
formed  a  Provisional  General  Assembly.  Delegates  from  the 
American  and  English  Congregational  churches  were  in  attend- 
ance, and  expressed  a  desire  to  join  the  movement.  Articles  of 
agreement  were  accordingly  drawn  up  to  be  recommended  to 
their  constituencies,  viz.,  the  formation  of  a  union  between  the 
churches  of  the  Presbyterian  Council  and  the  churches  of  the 
London  Missionary  Society  and  the  American  Board  of  Com- 
missioners for  Foreign  Missions  under  the  name  of  the  Federal 
Council  of  Christian  Churches  in  China.  They  will  api)oint  a 
committee  of  twelve — the  Presbyterian  churches,  six,  the  Amer- 
ican and  English  Congregationaliats  three  each.  These,  by  com- 
paring views  and  ascertaining  the  required  adjustments,  are  to 
work  out  a  plan  preparatory  to  ultimate  oi^;anic  union,  and  to 
report  their  recommendations  to  their  constituent  bodies.  Upon 
their  approval  of  the  plan  drawn  up  by  the  committee  they 
will  meet  in  council.  The  result  confidentlyanticipated  will  be 
a  united  church  more  than  100,000  strong.  The  progress  toward 
Church  Union  made  in  several  foreign  fields  mevitably  tends 
to  accelerate  its  slower  progress  at  home. 

GARDENING  IN  ENGLAND 

In  1916  the  British  Parliament  passed  a  law  empowering 
the  Board  of  Agriculture,  or  any  county  or  borough  council,  to 
accept  and  administer  gifts  for  the  settlement  or  employment 
in  agriculture  on  land  of  ex-sailors  and  ex-soldiers,  also  providing 
for  compulsory  holdings. 

The  following  year  an  Act  authorized  the  district  councils  in 
Ireland  to  hire  land  for  allotments,  and  to  supply  manures', 
seeds,  and  agricultural  implements  to  holders  or  tenants  of  allot- 


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luents,  of  small  holdings,  or  of  laborers'  plots.  Tliis  was  followed 
by  the  authorization  of  the  letting  to  wage-earners  of  land  in 
allotments  not  eiioeediug  an  eighth  of  an  acre.  Relief  was  also 
afforded  from  destructive  insects  and  pests. 

In  England  the  borough  councils  were  further  authorized,  on 
the  consent  of  the  occupier  or  with  the  sanction  of  the  War 
Agriculture  Executive  Committee,  to  enter  any  garden  or  occu- 
pied land,  agreeing  to  pay  a  rent  for  its  use,  or  any  unoccupied 
land,  purchasing  manures,  seeds,  and  implements  and  allowing 
their  use  at  a  price  just  sufficient  to  cover  the  cost  of  purchase, 
particular  attention  being  paid  to  the  purchase  in  bulk  of  seed 
potatoes,  a  form  of  assistance  which  has  been  of  the  greatest 
possible  value. 

Public  meetings  were  arranged  and  men  and  women  were 
shown  the  need  for  gardening.  Volunteer  workers  were  asked 
for,  especially  those  who  could  give  part  of  their  time  at  regular 
stated  periods.  In  particular  the  assistance  of  women  was  in- 
vited. Lists  of  suitable  vacant  gardens  were  prepared,  and  the 
permission  of  the  owners  obtained  to  allow  the  cultivation  as  a 
purely  temporary  war  measure.  Arrangements  were  then  made 
to  allot  plots  to  mdividuala  who  ha<l  volunteered  to  work  or  to 
organize  the  cultivation  of  the  whole  garden  on  co-operative 
lines.  Provision  was  also  made  so  that  the  cultivators  might 
obtain  advice  from  expert  gardeners.  The  Boartl  of  Agriculture 
sent  out  literature,  manures,  seeds,  and  implements  to  those 
who  took  over  allotments.  Thus  each  district  was  able  to 
organize  a  scheme  of  this  kind  on  the  lines  most  suited  to 
its  own  locality,  and  spare-time  labor  was  employed  'to  great 
advantage. 

The  result  of  all  this  is  that  since  1916  more  €ban  1,500,000 
town  and  city  gardeners  have  been  called  into  existence. 

They  have  delivered  their  country  from  a  state  of  dependence 
into  such  a  state  of  independence  that  last  year  from  her  own 
soil  she  had  all  the  potatoes  she  wanted  and  some  left  to  send 
to  France. 


THE    PRESIDENT   RE-ENTERS 
POLITICS 

NOT  long  ago  the  President  ilsked  the  people  of  the  United 
States  to  my  aside  politics  for  the  present.  Now  on  the 
eve  of  a  Congressional  election  he  reverses  his  request, 
and  asks  all  Democrats  to  follow  his  lead  and  re-enter  politics. 
In  his  appeal  for  a  Democratic  Congress  he  asks  the  people  to 
give  him  a  Congress  which  will  sustain  him  with  "  undivided 
minds,"  and  objects  vehemently  to  a  Republican  Congress 
because  "  tlie  Republican  leaders  desire  QOt  so  much  to  support 
the  President  as  to  control  him." 

It  is  the  duty  of  the  Nation,  and  of  the  Coi^^ress  as  repre- 
senting the  Nation,  to  support  the  President  as  0>mmaiider-in- 
Chief  of  the  land  and  naval  forces  of  the  coimtry.  Tbb  is  their 
duty  because  a  war  can  no  more  be  won  by  a  divided  nation 
than  by  a  divided  army.  But  it  is  not  their  duty  to  give  an  un- 
divided support  to  the  President  in  his  policies  outside  of  the 
field  of  battle  ;  and  it  is  their  duty  to  control  the  President  and 
to  exercise  that  control,  through  Congress,  in  all  his  policies  as 
the  Chief  Executive  of  the  Nation,  except  those  which  have 
direct  reference  to  military  operations. 

The  Constitution  of  the  United  States  expressly  provides 
that  ".all  legislative  powers  herein  granted  shall  be  vested  in  a 
Congress  of  the  United  States  which  shall  consist  of  a  Senate 
and  House  of  Representatives."  And  it  carefully  defines  what 
part  the  President  may  have  in  legislation.  He  may  recommend 
to  the  Congress  such  measures  as  he  shall  judge  necessary  and 
expedient,  and  he  may  veto  such  measures  as  he  thinks  are  ob- 

i'ectionable,  though  that  veto  can  be  overruled  by  the  Congress 
>y  the  concurrent  action  of  two-thirds  of  both  houses.  It  is 
difficult  to  see  how  the  Constitution  could  possibly  make  it 
clearer  that  the  President  in  all  National  policies  is  to  be  sub- 
ject to  the  control  of  the  Congress,  not  the  Congress  subject  to 
the  control  of  the  President. 

This  fundamental  question  whether  Congress 'shall  control 
and  the  President  shall  carry  out  its  will,  or  the  President 
shall  c(Hitrol  and  Congress  shall  carry  out  bis  will,  is  raised 


with  great  clearness  by  the  President  in  his  demand  for  a 
Congress  which  shall  give  him  undivided  support  and  shall 
not  attempt  to  exercise  any  control  over  him.  By  the  Constitu- 
tion the  exeiHitive  power  is  vested  in  the  President — that  is,  the 
power  to  execute  the  laws  which  the  Congress  enacts.  Except 
for  two  specific  powers  conferred  upon  the  President  to  recom- 
mend legislation  and  to  veto  legislation,  he  has  no  other  political 
power  over  legislation,  only  such  moral  power  as  faith  in  bis 
wisdom  and  int^^ty  may  confer  upon  him.  Properly  speaking, 
this  is  not  power — it  is  influence. 

An  ingenious  writer  has  recently  sup^ted  that  America  is 
gradually  abandoning  the  representative  form  of  government 
and  substituting  a  consular  form  of  government;  that  it  is 
distrusting  its  Congress  and  its  State  Le^Iatures  and  is  electing 
to  carry  on  the  government  a  President  for  the  Nation  and 
Governors  for  the  States ;  that  the  functions  of  the  Congress 
and  the  Legislatures  are  becoming  practically  little  more  than 
advisory ;  that  they  are  not  the  sources  of  power  but  only 
restraints  upon  and  guards  against  the  injurious  or  vicious  use 
of  power  in  the  hands  of  the  executives.  What  happ^ied  to 
Rome  when  the  power  gradually  passed  from  the  legislative 
body  to  the  consuls,  what  happened  in  France  when  the  power 
passed  from  the  legislative  body  to  the  executive  in  the  coup 
d'etat  of  Louis  Napoleon,  all  the  world  knows.  That  a  Presi- 
dent of  the  United  States  should  venture  to  object  to  the  elec- 
tion of  a  Congress  which  will  ccmtrol  him,  and  uiould  demand  a 
Congress  which  will  give  him  undivided  support  in  all  that  he 
proposes  to  do,  indicates  a  peril  to  which  the  American  people 
should  be  awake.  It  furnishes  an  additionisd  reason  why  they 
should  elect  a  Congress  which  is  not  pledged  befordiand  to 
give  undivided  support  to  the  President,  which  purposes  to 
exercise  the  legislative  authority  which  is  reposed  in  it  by  the 
Constitution,  and  is  resolved  to  oontnd  in  the  pc^cies  and  pur- 
poses of  the  Federal  Government. 

The  election  of  this  Congress  may  quite  possibly  detemiine 
the  question  whether  we  shall  have  a  n^^tiated  or  a  dictated 
peace,  and  this  Congress  will  almost  certainly  have  to  determine 
now  far  we  shall  continue  in  our  future  National  life  that 
political  Socialism  to  which  we  have  submitted  for  the  purpose 
of  winning  the  war.  In  the  other  self-governing  countries  with 
which  we  are  allied  not  only  is  the  action  of  the  executive 
subject  to  the  control  of  the  legislative  body,  but  its  continued 
existence  depends  upon  the  will  of  the  legislative  body.  If 
the  Prime  Minister,  who  is  the  executive  hoid  of  the  Govern^ 
ment  in  England,  in  France,  and  in  Italy,  goes  counter  to  the 
legislative  body,  he  must  resign  his  office  or  appeal  to  the  people 
to  continue  him  in  it.  It  is  curious,  possibly  alarming,  tixut  at 
the  very  time  when  Germany  is  loudly  proclaiming  her  purpose 
to  abandon  a  Constitution  in  which  tne  legislative  body  is  sub- 
ject to  the  control  of  the  executive,  our  President  should 
propose  that  we  abandon  a  policy  in  which  the  Executive  is 
subject  to  the  control  of  the  legislative. 


BERLIN 

Unconditional  surrender ;  the  marching  of  Allied  troops  into 
Berlin  as  a  visible  sign  of  this  surrender ;  the  dictation  of  the 
terms  of  peace  and  reparation  by  an  Allied  Council  sitting  in 
Berlin  ; — these  are  the  terms  which  the  people  of  the  United 
States,  France,  Belgium,  Italy,  Great  Britain,  and  their  associ- 
ates demand  before  they  will  agree  to  a  cessation  of  the  war. 

It  has  been  said  by  some  cautious  spirits  that  this  is  an 
impossible  programme;  that  no  great  war  has  ever  been 
concluded  by  unconditional  surrender ;  that  Germany  is  too 
rich  and  vast  to  be  expected  to  yield  except  on  a  basis  of 
compromise. 

Such  doubters  forget  the  Franco-Prussian  War  of  1870-1. 
France  at  that  time  was  the  greatest  and  most  brilliant  country 
of  Europe.  Paris  was  in  one  sense  the  capital  of  the  wotid. 
But  the  French  were  beaten ;  German  troops  marched  into 
Paris ;  William  I  was  crowned  as  German  Emperor  at  Ver- 
sailles, in  the  palace  of  the  French  kings ;  and  an  indemnity  of 
one  billion  dollars  was  imposed  upon  the  French  people.  At 
that  time  this  was  a  sum  so  vast  and  so  unprecedented  that  the 
world  gasped  at  the  anuoimcement,  and  tiie  German  Grovent- 


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ment  suppoeed  tliat  it  would  so  tax  the  resources  of  France  that 
it  would  forever  prevent  her  regaining  a  commanding  financial 
or  economic  position  in  Europe.  During  the  evacuation  of 
French  territory  by  the  troops  of  Germany  those  troops  were 
maintained  at  the  cost  of  France.  Alsace  and  Lorraine,  two  of 
the  most  important  departments  of  the  French  Republic,  were 
seized  by  Germany  m  spite  of  the  protests  of  the  inhabitants. 

If  unconditional  surrender,  the  payment  of  an  indemnity, 
and  the  cession  of  territory  could  unjustly  be  imposed  upon 
France  in  1871,  certainly  unconditional  surrender,  the  pay- 
ment of  damages,  and  the  giving  back  of  Alsace-Lorraine  can 
jvetly  be  imposed  upon  Germany  in  the  twentieth  century. 
There  is  every  reason  not  only  of  abstract  justice  but  of 
historical  precedent  for  insisting  that  the  Germans  shall  lay 
down  their  arms,  shall  see  the  Allied  troops  marching  through 
the  streets  of  Berhn,  and  shall  accept  the  terms  framed  by  an 
Allied  Council  sitting  in  the  German  capital — or  in  the  paJaoe 
at  Potsdam,  which  corresponds  to  Versadles. 

The  Unconditional  Surrender  Club,  described  by  a  corre- 
spondent on  another  page,  rests  upon  something  deeper  and 
firmer  than  mere  sentiment.  It  is  founded  upon  the  principles 
of  historic  justice. 


MAY  ONLY  MONEY  TALK? 

On  October  14  President  Wilson  issued  a  statement  urging 
subscriptions  to  the  Fourth  Liberty  Loan,  in  which  he  used  the 
following  language : 

I  earnestly  request  everv  patriotic  American  to  leaTC  to  the 
Government  of  the  United  States  and  of  the  Allies  the  momen- 
tous discussions  initiate<l  by  Gennany,and  to  remember  that  for 
ea«h  man  his  duty  is  to  strengthen  the  hands  of  these  GrOTem- 
menta  and  to  do  it  in  the  most  important  war  now  immediatehr 
presented — by  subscribing  to  the  utmost  of  his  ability  for  boncU 
of  the  Fourth  Liberty  Loan. 

£>oe8  the  President  mean  that  the  people  are  to  leave  the 
discussion  and  determination  of  policies  to  the  Government 
and  content  themselves  with  furnishing  the  funds  to  enable  the 
Government  to  carry  those  policies  out?  If  they  had  pursued 
this  course  from  the  beginning,  Germany  would  not  now  be 
fleeing  from  France  and  Belgium.  It  is  a  (question  whether 
Germanv  would  not  now  be  in  Calais  and  Pans. 

America's  participation  in  the  war  has  been  due  to  public 
discmsions  creating  a  public  opinion,  formulating  the  public 
decision,  and  enforomg  the  public  wilL  From  the  beginning  this 
has  been  a  people's  war.  They  have  initiated  it,  directed  it, 
and  equipped  and  prepared  the  f oixses  for  it.  This  is  as  it  should 
be  in  a  democratic  country,  for  in  a  democratic  country  the 
j^vemment  is  the  servant,  not  the  master,  of  the  people. 


**  WHAT  SHALL  WE  DO  WITH  RUSSIA?" 

Xbe  new  Russia  for  which  we  all  hope  is  a  Russia  which 
shall  again  be  an  Ally,  and  a  Russia  in  which  may  be  found 
the  g^rm  of  democracy  and  of  a  self-governing  people  united  in 
hatx^d  of  Grerman  autocracy.  Such  a  Russia  is  entirely  possible, 
hot  it  needs  firm,  steady,  and  adequate  support  from  outside. 

We  have  already  noted  the  fact  that  recently  memliers  of  the 
Oonstituent  Assembly  met  at  Ufa  and  there  in  national  assem- 
bly made  a  declaration  of  principles  and  aims.  These  men  were 
representatives  of  the  Russian  people,  which  has  never  been  in 
the  remotest  sense  true  of  the  Bolsheviki;  they  undertook  to 
set  op  an  All-Russian  Government.  Now,  at  the  request  of  the 
Siberian  Government,  the  seat  of  the  new  All-Russian  Gov- 
ernment has  been  transferred  to  Omsk,  in  Siberia.  It  will 
eo-opexate  with  the  Provisional  Government  already  existing  in 
Siberia.  It  may  be  that  this  attempt  to  set  up  a  democratic 
form  of  government  against  the  muraerous  class  tjrranny  of  the 
BolsheviKi  is  yet  only  in  its  inception.  But  it  may  also  be  that 
a  proper  and  strong  instrument  has  been  found  under  which 
the  new  Russia  of  democracy  may  develop. 

It  IB  significant  that  this  news  came  nearly  simultaneously 
^tb  that  of  the  formal  constituting  of  a  Czechoslovak  Govern- 
ment  on  October  21 — and,  by  the  way,  when  the  birth  of  the  new 


Czechoslovak  €rovemment  was  announced  to  the  Czechoslovak 
forces  in  France  that  little  army  drove  forward  on  the  battle- 
line,  took  the  village  of  Terron-sur-Aisne,  and  thereby  won  their 
first  victory  on  the  western  front.  The  lands  which  the  Czecho- 
slovak nation  will  hold  are  still  under  Austrian  dominion ; 
armies  they  have  in  Russia  and  France ;  now  they  have  a  Gov- 
ernment and  Constitution  and  recognition  as  a  nation  by  their 
allies.  The  Czechoslovaks  in  Siberia  will  now  fight  for  Russian 
freedom  and  justice  with  more  assurance  and  valor  even  than 
before. 

But  they  and  the  Russianpeople  should  have  unstinted  and 
prompt  aid  from  America.  Elsewhere  in  this  issue  will  be  found 
a  pertinent  and  informative  article  under  the-  title  "  What 
Shall  We  Do  with  Russia?"  The  author,  Mr.  Richard  O. 
Atkinstm,  saw  with  his  own  eyes  the  counter-revolution  which 
drove  the  true  Russian  revdutionists  from  the  great  cities  and 
left  them  the  prey  of  murder  and  rapine,  of  oloodthirstiness 
and  Bolshevikism.  This  article  confirms  what  has  lately  been 
stated  in  despatches  from  Siberia,  that  the  military  effort  of  the 
Allies  in  Siberia  has  been  weaker  and  slower  than  it  should  have 
been,  and  that  this  resulted  frran  the  reluctance  which  the 
American  Government  long  felt  toward  any  form  of  military 
intervention.  Mr.  Atkinson  says : 

We  refused  to  interfere  with  Bolsherism  when  it  allowed  a 
little  remnant  of  the  Serbian  people  and  army  to  starve  and 
freeze  as  they  traveled  painfully  tiirough  Russia  to  the  Pacific, 
the  little  children  clothed  only  in  thin  one-piece  nurments,  bare- 
footed, and  ill  with  scurvy,  living  in  refitted  catue  cars  for  the 
whole  of  a  Russian  winter.  Ttie  Czechoslovaks  were  helped 
barely  in  time  to  save  them  from  being  wiped  out,  as  they  dared 
all  to  keep  up  the  fight  for  freedom.  If  Russia  is  to  believe  us 
sincere,  we  must  speed  up  our  works  that  the  glorious  promises 
made  to  the  suffering  Slavs  may  not  turn  bitter  in  their  mouths. 

And  he  adds :  **  The  Allies  saved  Italy  from  the  intrigues  of 
the  evil  monster  not  a  moi^ent  too  soon.  Russia  was  not  saved. 
Once  more  there  is  a  chance  to  avoid  a  fatal  delay.  What  sliall 
we  do  with  Russia  ?" 

The  truth  is  that  our  Administration  was  strangely  slow 
to  recognize  the  basic  fact  that  the  Bolsheviki  did  not  in  the 
slightest  degree  stand  for  democracy,  or  even  for  Socialism. 
They  stood,  not  for  government  by  the  people,  but  by  the  prole- 
tariat, meaning  thereby  at  first  industrial  workers,  exclusive  of 
most  of  the  peasantry,  and  later  only  those  workers  who  sup- 
ported the  Bolsheviki.  Thus  a  minority  of  the  people,  repre- 
senting only  one  part  of  one  class,  was  given  absolute  power 
over  uie  immense  majority.  This  fundamental  mistake  as  to 
the  nature  of  Bolshevikism,  reiterated  many  times  in  the  last 
six  months  in  these  columns,  has  just  been  keenly  described  by 
a  former  Finnish  Bolshevik,  Oskeir  Tokoi,  who  has  now  seen 
the  light.  His  statement  is  thus  summarized  in  the  New  York 
"Evening  Post:" 

He  goes  to  the  heart  of  the  problem  when  he  points  out  that 
Bolshevism  has  worked  for  the  ruin  of  a  free  and  democratic 
Russia  by  denying  the  two  basic  principles  of  a  free  democracy — 
the  conscious  support  of  the  majority  and  the  union  of  all  demo- 
cratic elements.  Bolshevism,  on  the  contrary,  has  set  up  the 
doctrine  of  the  "  dictatorship  of  the  proletariat,"  which  means 
really  the  dictatorship  of  a  few  leaders,  and  has  declared  war 
against  every  other  democratic  element  in  the  country  from  the 
moderate  Lioeral  to  the  extreme  Social  Revolutionist. 

It  is  a  former  allv  of  the  Bolsheviki  who  now  declares  that 
"  only  a  small  minority  supports  the  Giovemment,  and,  what  is 
worse,  to  the  supporters  of  tne  Grovemment  are  rallying  all  the 
hooligans,  robbers,  and  others  to  whom  this  period  of  confusion 
promises  a  good  chance  of  individual  action. 

From  this  nightmare  of  nusmle  and  terrorisni  Russia  is  now 
awakening.  It  must  always  be  remembered  that  the  old  Russia 
of  absolutism  was  hopeless.  The  only  future  for  liberty  lay 
through  revolution.  Germany  had  honeycombed  Russia  with 
politiosd  and  commercial  propaganda.  The  Czar  was  the  weak 
and  foolish  tool  of  reactionists  and  traitors.  Only  the  other  day 
the  extraortlinary  charge  was  made  by  Commissioner  Mapp, 
who  was  in  Russia  as  the  head  of  the  Salvation  Army  Relief 
Corps,  that  a  private  wire  from  the  rooms  of  the  Czarina  in  the 
Winter  Palace  sent  to  Germany  information  about  the  military 
plans  of  the  Allies,  and  that  Lord  Kitchener's  death  was  due 


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to  treacherous  betrayal  of  the  sailing  of  his  ship.  The  story  may 
be  rumor  only,  but  that  such  thines  are  believed  in  itself  shows 
that  Russia  under  the  Czar  was  already  dead  before  the  Revo- 
lution so  far  as  any  aid  in  this  war  was  concerned. 

The  new  and  splendidly  democratic  Russia  which  one  feels 
assured  of  in  the  niture  would  have  been  impossible  if  it  had 
not  been  for  the  Revolution  which  swept  away  the  old  order  of 
things.  It  can  now  be  made  possible  only  if  the  Allies  unite 
with  speed  and  vigor  to  save  Russia  from  the  present  misrtde 
of  terrorists  and  fanatics. 

Has  our  Grovernment  a  Russian  ^licy?  If  so,  let  the  peo{>le 
know  what  it  is.  If  our  feeble  mditary  attempt  is  to  be  in- 
crea^  and  made  effective,  say  so !  If  that  policy,  haltingly  and 
hesitatingly  adopted,  has  been  reversed,  say  so !  What  have 
become  of  the  plans  for  commercial  and  industrial  aid? 

The  opportunity  to  rescue  Central  Russia  before  next  spring 
has  been  lost  by  indecision.  Meanwhile  the  educated  and  weU- 
trained  men  and  women  of  Russia,  the  group  from  which  a  just 
democratic  government  must  get  its  leaders,  are  being  deci- 
mated by  slaughter ;  German  commercial  propaganda  has  over- 
run the  country ;  for  the  time  being  a  new  Russia  is  impossible. 

Let  08  have  a  definite  Russian  policy  and  let  us  know  what 
it  is. 


CONCERNING   SCIENCE   AND   THE 
HEEL   OF   THE   JUNKER 

Hp  was  a  young  chemist  who  had  been  within  hailing  distance 
of  his  Pb.D.  when  the  war  caught  him  and  whirled  him  away 
from  his  laboratory  into  khaki  and  a  cantonment — an  up- 
standing, dear-eyed,  plain-featured  man  of  New  England  stock, 
a  little  short  of  twenty-seven.  He  was  pacing  up  and  down  the 
platform  the  Happy  £remite  had  built  around  his  big  hickory 
where  his  children  were  accustomed  fb  romp  at  those  times  when 
the  place  was  not  pre-empted,  as  now,  by  sedate  elders  philoso- 
phizing with  knitted  brows. 

The  Student  in  Khaki  stood  still  and  gazed  for  a  mmnte  over 
the  Happy  Eremite's  rather  scraggly  corn-patch  toward  a  clump 
of  woods  to  the  north. 

"Do  you  know  what  bothers  me  about  this  war?"  he  said, 
turning  abruptly.  "  It's  this :  I'm  a  scientist — I  want  to  be,  at 
least.  I've  studied  chemistry  for  ten  years  or  more.  Studied  it 
hard.  And  do  you  know  who  the  men  have  been  whom  I've 
leaned  on  most?  The  Germans — the  fellows  who  introduced 
poison-gas  into  warfare;  the  fellows  who  thought  up  that 
floating  anguish  which  a  submarine  captain  turned  loose  on 
a  half^ozen  poor  devils  in  Carolina  a  day  or  so  ago;  the 
asphyxiation-bomb  fellows,  the  mustard-gas  men." 

"  This  war  has  been  a  bit  disillusioning,"  the  Happy  Eremite 
assented.  "  You're  not  alone  there,  old  man.  Think  of  the  pro- 
fessors of  idealistic  philosophy  who  defended  the  violation  of 
Belgium,  and  the  other  professors  who  called  themselves  realists 
and  declared  that  Belgium  had  never  been  violated  at  all.  Think 
of  the  Socialists  who  smoked  the  Kaiser's  cigars  at  the  Kaiser's 
garden  parties.  Think  of  the  urbanity,  the  sfcntleness,  the 
warmth  of  feding,  the  kindly  solicitude,  we  knew!  A  good  many 
of  us  have  been  disillusioned  these  four  years." 

"  Disillusioned?"  cried  the  Student  in  Khaki,  sharply.  "  Of 
course.  But  that's  not  what's  bothering  me.  A  man  expects  to 
be  disillusioned.  Men  should  live  by  facts  and  not  by  illusions. 
A  man  who  cherishes  illusions  deserves  to  have  them  shattered. 
What  bothers  me,  as  a  man  who  expects  to  devote  his  life  to 
science — if  there  is  any  life  to  devote  to  anything  after  this  war 
— is  this :  Is  it  science  that  has  wrecked  all  that  was  fine  and 
noble  about  Germany  ?  If  it  is,  b  the  development  of  science — 
this  thing  to  which  I  have  given  ten  years  of  my  life  and  want 
to  give  the  rest — is  the  development  of  science  in  this  country 
going  to  have  the  same  result  ?" 

"You  mean — militant  materialism?" 

"  That's  exactly  what  I  mean." 

"  In  the  first  place,"  remarked  the  Happy  Eremite,  "  it  isn't 
Ecience  that  has  wrecked  Germany." 

"  They  talk  about  it  an  awful  lot.  Nietzsche  and  biology  and 
the  survival  of- the  fi.,test — " 

"  That  is  all  fiddledeedee — camouflage— dust  in  the  eyes  of 


the  younger  generation  with  its  tendency  to  revolt ;  window- 
dressing  to  conceal  the  rusty,  archaic  old  naachinery  filling  the 
house.  What  has  wrecked  Germany  is  the  exact  opposite  of 
science,  the  deadly  enemy  of  true  and  independent  science.  It 
is  mediaeval  romanticism,  trucked  out  in  modem  finery  to  foal 
the  sophomores.  It  is  mediaeval  despotism  brought  up  to  date 
with  trimmings  from  the  scientific  and  sociological  word-books.' 

"  But  the  professors  have  a  lot  to  say  there,  I  understand," 
remarked  the  Student  in  Khaki,  dubiously. 

"  To  say  1"  exclaimed  the  Happy  Eremite.  "  Yes.  But  in  no 
milized  country  have  the  men  of  science  less  free  influence  on 
affairs.  They  are  wheels  in  a  great  machine,  that  is  all ;  and 
the  men  who  sit  on  the  machine  are  the  Junkers  and  the  army 
duefs,  whose  ancestors  for  generations  have  been  Junkers  and 
army  chiefs,  with  their  attractive  country  estates  in  Pomerania 
and  Brandenburg  and  East  Prussia,  where  they  hold  a  feudal 
sway  whose  character  has  not  changed  in  generations.  On  their 
estates  the  Junkers  are  the  same  Junkers  they  were  a  hundred 
years  ago,  ruling  the  peasants  with  a  despotism  which  is  benevo- 
lent or  not  according  to  the  character  of  the  particular  despot 
They  are  self-willed  hard-fisted,  reactionary,  bigoted  feudal 
lords,  and  when  their  sons  go  into  the  army  or  the  dvil  service 
they  carry  with  them  the  feudal  point  of  view.  They  use  the 
Church  because  they  know  that  the  obscurantism  of  reactionary 
theologians  strengthens  the  Junkers'  hold  on  power.  They  use 
Socialism  because  they  know  that  by  granting  a  littie  of  the 
popular  demand  for  social  justice  they  weaken  the  radicals 
without  weakening  themselves.  They  use  Science  because 
they  are  by  nature  and  long  education  thrifty  and  efficient,  and 
believe  in  using  every  force  that  will  strengthen  their  own 
position. 

"  Science  to  them,"  continued  the  Happy  Eremite,  **  isa  tool, 
and  scientists  are  useful  people  around  the  house,  just  as  it  is 
useful  to  have  a  butler  with  some  knowledge  of  plumbing.  As 
for  Nietzsche,  I  don't  believe  one  Junker  in  a  hundred  has 
more  than  heard  the  name.  I  don't  believe  the  famous  Beni- 
hardi  knows  very  much  about  him.  The  people  who  say  that 
Prussianism  is  the  outcome  of  the  philosophy  of  Nietzsdie  have 
the  cart  before  the  horse.  Nietzsche,  who  was  bom  in  Saxony 
and  who  lived  in  Switzerland,  happened  with  his  theory  of  the 
Superman  to  express  the  ideal  of  selfish,  irresponsible  despotism. 
His  revolt  against  authority,  morality,  and  religion  scandalised 
the  Junkers  nearly  to  death,  for,  like  all  reactionaries,  they  are 
outwardly  most  respectable  folk.  It  was  the  Anarchists  and  the 
lunatic  fringe  of  the  literary  and  artistic  set  "who  first  advertised 
Nietzsche  by  making  him  their  prophet  in  their  agitaticm  against 
the  forces  of  privueee.  Thereupon,  dever  shallow  men  like 
Berahardi  confounded  the  Opposition  by  stealing  their  god  and 
twisting  his  utterances  to  cover  the  Junker's  old  ideals  of  i»teda- 
tory  lawlessness.  To  the  brilliant  but  hard  younger  group  in 
the  Ministries  in  Berlin  before  the  beginning  of  the  vrar 
Nietzsche's  revolt  against  morality  was  meat  and  drink ;  Quey 
welcomed  a  scientific  phraseology  which  made  them  fed  that 
they  were  ultra-moderns,  even  while  they  were  carrying  to  ful- 
fillment the  most  ancient  of  Junker  dreams. 

"  Nietzsche,  Darwin,  Haeckel,  never  gained  real  influence  ov^r 
any  large  number  in  Germany  outside  the  tmiversities.  The 
deteriorating  forces  in  Germany  were  the  same  deteriorating 
forces  that  were  potent  in  England,  in  France,  and  in  the 
United  States — materialism  rampant,  dollar-chasing,  the  inabil- 
ity of  the  Church  to  adjust  its  theology  to  changing  oonditioos. 
and  the  hardening  of  class  prejudices  due  to  the  steadily  g^row- 
ing  power  of  the  proletariat.  These  deteriorating  forces  'were 
constantly  being  checked  or  diverted  in  the  democratic  ooaa- 
tries  by  the  unending  interaction  of  the  different  groups  ;  bnt 
in  Germany  there  was  no  chance  for  such  interaction.  The 
continuity  of  policy  and  point  of  view  which  Germans  declare 
to  be  the  supreme  benefit  of  autocratic  rule  prevented  the 
occasional  purgations  which  helped  England,  France,  and  the 
United  States  to  save  their  souls  through  the  fiery  ordeal  of 
those  turbulent  years  when  materialism  was  dominant 

"  It  is  not  the  scientific  mind  which  has  wrecked  the  splendor 
of  the  old  Germany.  Your  apprehension  that  it  is  the  scientiiic 
mind  is  a  remnant  of  a  theology  which  was  mortally  afrau)  of 
science,  and  wanted,  if  it  could,  to  identify  it  with  every  fomt 
of  heresy  and  immorality.  The  sdentific  mind  is  natiuaQy « 


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TelieiouB  mind,  for  it  seeks  truth  at  whatever  cost,  and  no  man 
needs  a  higher  God  than  truth.  It  has  nothing  to  do  with 
tnnexatiotts  and  indemnities,  with  self-glorification  or  places  in 
die  sun.  Those  things  belonged  to  the  Junker  a  hundred  years 
ago ;  aai  those  things  are  the  Junker's  to-day." 

The  Happy  Eremite  paused.  Overhead  the  great  hickory 
stretched  its  g^reen  shelter  in  sumptuous  lavishness.  No  leaf 
>tir.-8d  in  the  heat.  No  bird  chirped.  Only  the  insects  made 
unbroken  music. 

^  I  have  always  believed,"  stud  the  Student  in  Khaki,  **  that 
a  deepening  and  widening  understanding  of  science  meant  the 
development  of  a  closer  understanding  between  peoples,  a  eloser 
international  life  side  by  side  with  a  freer,  more  intellieent 
democracy — honest  doubt  in  all  our  ready  solutions  of  me's 
riddles,  coupled  with  honest  faith  in  the  possibiliiy  of  some 
day  finding  a  solution  that  will  stand." 

^  My  dear  man,  the  Junkers  believe  all  that — and  are  deadly 
afraid  of  it" 

The  Happy  Eremite  paused  again. "  I  always  think  of  Belgium 
and  Serbia  and  Rumania  and  northern  France,"  he  'went  on 
ilowly,  **  as  women  imprisoned  in  the  underground  dungeon  of 
Bome  old  Teutonic  knight's  castle  in  East  Prussia,  peering 
eagerly  throueh  the  bars,  watching  the  ebb  and  tide  of  battle. 
Science  would  be  imprisoned  there  too  if  it  were  not  that 
the  Junker  needed  her,  chained  to  a  machine,  in  his  munition 
ihop." 

EIGHT    BOOKS    OF   CONTEMPORARY 

VERSE ^ 

In  a  recent  volume  of  his  poems  Vachel  Lindsa;^  has  some 
reraes  in  celebration  of  the  fugitive  songs  hidden  in  odd  cor- 
len  of  newspapers,  those  bits  of  flying  star-dust  which  glow 
or  a  moment  of  swift  passage  through  the  firmament  and 
-antsh,  having  no  home  among  the  eternities.  For  some  have 
harm  and  some  have  feeling  and  some  have  a  hint  of  true 
«auty  and  some  have  a  magic  lilt;  but  few  or  none  have  the 
Qoagination  and  the  original  underived  individuality  which, 
inked  with  technical  skill,  make  the  poetry  which  lasts.  So 
e  oeldl>ratee  their  single  bright  instant,  recoeni|ing  that  the 
antative  and  the  imperfect  usive,  at  times,  a  loveliness  which 
tie  world  would  be  the  poorer  without 

It  is  in  this  spirit  that  the  reviewer  of  an  armful  of  books 
f  verse  must  deal  with  their  fragile  contents,  judging  by 
l»tract  standards  only  when  the  poets  themselves  rasluy  claim 
lat  by  such  standards  they  be  judged ;  since  it  is  not  to 
osterity  that  he  recommends  this  poem  or  that  but  to  the 
Muler  who  runs.   He  will  find  much  that  is  lovely  and  memor- 

from  the  A.  E.  F.  in  France  comes  a  collection  of  poems' 
bicb  will  be  of  profound  interest  to  those  unfortunate  beings 
ho,  by  circumstance  and  those  "  hostages  to  fortune  "of  which 
[tcon  speaks,  are,  much  against  their  will,  left  three  Uiousand 
lies  from  the  front  These  "  Songs ,from  the  Trenches,"  crude 
kcl  sterQe  as  many  of  them  are,  wi^out  much  imi^^ination  or 
aJ  poetic  impulse,  do  bring  before  the  wistful  Elderly  Person 

bome  a  bit  of  the  essential  spirit  of  the  American  Army  in 
-axioe.  They  are  in  many  keys,  froni  the  "  lofty  and  impas- 
med,"  known  to  the  trade  as  "  the  big  bow-wow,"  to  the  sen- 
aental  and  jocose ;  and  though  none  of  them  are  g^reat  as 
ester's  "  I  Have  a  Rendezvous  with  Death  "  is  great  there  is 
troely  any  which  does  not  shed  some  light  on  the  Comdex 
yehology  of  an  army  fitting^  itself  for  a  colossal  task.  The 
tstxiB  were  oontributed  to  a  prize  competition.  It  is  noteworthy 

^itattgm  from  the  Trenohm :    A  Collection  of  Poenu  br  Ameriotui  Soldiers  in 

zaee.   Brooglit  together  }>y  Herbert  Adams  Gibbon*.  I&rper  &  Brothers,  New 

•W.    »1.35. 

omam.  B7 Geoffrey  Dearmer.  Robert  H.  HoBride  &  Co.,  New  York.   91. 

Itmarj  :  Poenw  of  War  and  Lore,   By  A.  Newberry  Cboyoe.  The  John  Lane 

iiiaaar.  New  Tork,    SI. 

.'ax  Vane.  Edited  by  Frank  Foxotoft.  The  Thomas  Y.  Crowell  Company,  New 

Ic.    82. 

b«  Mirthful  Lyt«.   By  Arthur  Qoiterroan.   Harper  &  Brothers,  New  York. 

J.1- 

h«>  Oram  io  the  Pavement.    By  M.  E.   Buhler.    J.  T.  White  &  Co.,  New 

k.    »1. 


to  A.  H.  R.  By  Cale  Yonog  Rioe.  The  Century  Company,  New  York.  $1. 

woaty.   By  Stella  BeosoD.  The  Maoiuillan  Coinpaoy,  New  York.  8O0. 


that,  as  usual,  the  prizes  were  awarded  to  the  compositions  that 
"  sound  big  "  but  are  made  of  wood,  and  withheld  from  the 
simpler  and  truer  poems  which  have  wings. 

lliat  abomination  of  honest  men  known  as  "  literariness " 
ought  to  die  in  the  trenches,  but  it  evidently  does  not.  It  struts 
self-consciously  through  every  page  of  the  "  Poems  "  bjr  Geoffrey 
Dearmer,  who — God  help  him ! — was  at  Gallipoh  and  die 
Somme  and  can  still  utter  the  literary  mouthings  of  a  dead 
past: 

"  The  moment  comes  when  .thrice-embittered  fire 
Proclaims  the  prelude  to  the  great  attack," 

and  so  forth.    In  the  face  of  the  eternities,  the  poet  makes 

fhrases  in  imitation  of  Pope  and  Addison.  It  seems  incredible, 
f  Gallipoli  could  not  knock  the  deadwood  out  of  a  man's  being, 
one  wonders  aghast  what  can. 

There  ia  more  "  literariness  "  in  "  Memory :  Poems  of  War 
and  Love,"  by  A.  Newberry  Choyoe,  Lieutenant  in  the  Leices- 
tershire Regiment ;  but  there  is  here  and  there  a  vibrant  note 
which  comes  near  to  bein^  the  ring  of  true  poetry.  "  Until  Yon 
Pass,"  with  its  simple,  qmet  first  stanza : 

"  And  when  you  search  throlU'h  wounded  Fiance 
To  find  the  cross  that  inanu  my  rest, 
I  think  the  grass  will  hear  you  come 
And  tell  it  to  my  silent  breast" 

is  not  easy  to  forget ;  and  "  My  Father  "  has  a  oourageoos  sim- 
plicity bom  of  a  deep  emotion  : 

"  My  father  was  a  very  simple  man  ; 
I  never  heard  him  say  a  clever  word. 
But  oh !  his  heart  was  warm.  I  think  his  voice 
Would  foe  the  kindest  sound  you  ever  heard.  .  .  . 

The  only  sort  of  learning  that  he  had 

Was  jQst  the  names  of  country  flowers  that  grow 
And  anmials  and  birds.  He  did  not  seem 
To  miss  the  wisdom  other  people  know." 

Anthologies  of  war  poems  are  plentiful  these  days,  and  most 
of  them  have  one  great  defect — their  editors,  being  lazy  men, 
have  been  content  to  cull  from  other  anthologies,  with  the  result 
that  the  same  poems  bv  the  same  poets  appear  and  reappear, 
■and  other  poems  equally  memorable  languisn  in  obscurity.  The 
editor  of  "  War  Versef  *""  increasingly  impressed,"  as  he  writes 
in  a  prefatory  note,  "  with  the  fine  quality  of  the  war  verse 
oontributed  by  writers  unknown  or  little  known,"  -has  drawn 
the  poems  in  his  oolleotion  f  nmi  the  Engflish  newspapers  and 
mamzines.  The  anthology  he  presents  is  fresh  and  copious. 
"  Wireless,"  from  "  Pundi,"  has  a  perfection  of  its  own  which 
no  writer  of  light  verse  on  this  side  of  the  Atlantic  seems  at  the. 
moment  able  to  attain : 

"  There  sits  a  little  demon 
Above  the  Admiralty. 
To  take  the  news  of  seamen 

Seafaring  on  the  sea ; 
So  all  the  tolk  aboard  ships 
Five  hundred  miles  away 
Can  pitch  it  to  their  Lordships 
At  any  time  of  day. 

The  cruisers  prowl  observant ; 

Their  crackling  whispers  go ; 
The  demon  says, '  Your  servant' 

And  lets  their  Lordships  know; 
A  fog's  come  down  off  Flanders  ? 

A  something  showed  off  Wick  ? 
The  captains  and  commanders 

Can  speak  their  Lordships  quick. 

The  demon  sits  a-wakine ; 

Look  up  above  Whitehall — 
E'en  now,  mayhap,  he's  taking 

The  Greatest  Word  of  all ; 
From  smiling  folk  aboard  ships 

He  ticks  it  off  the  reel  :— 
'  An'  may  it  please  your  Lordships,' 

A  Fleet's  put  out  o'  Kiel !'  " 

Arthur  Guiterman  is  of  all  American  poets  the  one  who  comes 
nearest  to  the  English  standard  in  this  form.  His  new  volume, 
"  The  Mirthful  Lyre,"  has  infinite  gayety  and  charm,  with  a 
technical  adroitness  which  is  a  joy  to  the  lover  of  absurd  and 
complicated   rhymes.     His   "Camouflage"   is,   or  should    be. 


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THE   OUTLOOK 


6  November 


famous ;  "  The  Cxaete  at  the  Antique  "  is  a  joyous  romp ;  "  Lit- 
erature " — 

"  Bam  Chundar,  the  lyrical  Hindoo, 
Wlio  dresses  as  most  of  his  kin  do, 
In  picturesque  chuddar  and  turban. 
Is  worshiped  by  circles  snburban," 

and  so  forth,  is  excellent  satire.  There  are  children's  poems  of 
grace  and  tenderness  and  outof-door  poems  in  praise  of  simple 
pleasures  under  a  clear  sky;  and  mock  seriousness  which  is 
altogether  delicious,  as  in  "  Elegy :" 

"  The  jackals  prowl,  the  serpents  hiss, 
In  what  was  once  Persepolis. 
Proud  Babylon  b  but  a  trace 
Upon  thh  desert's  dos^  face. 
The  topless  towers  of  Ilium 
Are  ashes.   Judah's  harp  is  dumb. 
The  fleets  of  Nineveh  and  Tyre 
Are  down  with  Davy  Jones,  Esquire, 
And  all  the  oligarcmes,  kin^s. 
And  potentates  that  ruled  these  things 
Are  Kone  1   But  cheer  up ;  don't  be  sad ; 
Thiiu  what  a  lovely  time  they  had  l"g 

"  The  Grass  in  the  Pavement,"  by  M.  E.  Buhler,  is  a  colleo- 
tion  of  delicate,  spiritual  verses,  rather  diffuse  and  lacking  in 
vividness,  and  full  rather  of  poetic  feeling  than  of  poetry. 
"  Currency,"  havine  for  its  motto  Theodore  Roosevelt's  "  Let 
us  nay  wiui  our  bodies  for  our  soul's  desire  " — incidentally  one 
of  the  most  imaginative  bits  of  poetry  the  war  has  wrung  out 
of  Ameiioa — ^has  rare  dignity  and  beauty : 

"  0  high  of  soul,  flesh  doth  not  overwhelm, 

But  is  the  means  wherewith  all  things  to  buy  I 
It  is  the  coin  current  of  the  realm 
Wherein  we  live  anid  die. 

Upon  oar  far,  strange  journey  to  that  home 

From  which  we  are  astray,  * 
The  Providence  that  destined  we  should  roam 

Grave  na  wherewith  to  pay. 

We  shall  arrive  if  nobly  we  aspire. 

And,  spending  flesh  to  buy  the  spirit  free. 

Pay  with  our  bodies  for  our  soul's  desire 
For  perfect  liberty." 

Cale  Young  Bice  has  published  many  books  of  verse,  among 
them  a  short  play,  "  A  Night  in  Avignon,"  which  has  a  warmth 
which  his  lyncal  poems  Wk.  "  Songs  to  A.  H.  R."  reveals 
once  moreUie  same  fluent  technique,  marred  by  such  monstrosi- 
ties as  "  soul-profound,"  "•  highmost,"  "  night's  vastity,"  and 
.1^  same  verbal  exdtement  nntouched  by  imagination.  The 


love  songs  are  tender  and  conceived  in  a  high  strain,  but  tliej 
fail  altogether  to  kindle  in  the  reader  a  sympathetic  tenderness. 
For  the  awful  suspicion  b  not  to  be  eradicated  that,  like  Mf. 
Dearmer  at  Grallipoli,  Mr.  Rice,  face  to  face  with  the  eternities, 
is  thinking  of  the  turning  of  a  phrase. 

Whatever  else  one  may  say  against  Stella  Benson  and  her 
volume  of  poems  entitled  "  Twenty,"  one  <!annot  accuse  them  of 
literary  pose.  They  are  both  young,  but  they  are  distinctly,  in- 
sistenlly  modem,  with  no  patience  for  shams :  going  on  no  great 
flights,  but  in  every  word  unmistakably  sincere.  The  poet  loob 
about  and  finds  life  grave  and  perplexing,  a  place  for  higb 
adventure ;  and  she  faces  it  with  knitted  brows,  puzzled,  fasci- 
nated, exalted.  "  Twenty  "  is  not  an  exciting  book,  but  it  is  bonod 
to  be  a  sympathetic  one  to  readers  who  are  conscious  of  **  an 
age  that  is  dying  "  and  "  one  that  is  coming  to  birth."  "  The 
C^mishman  '  has  a  poignancy  that  will  be  felt  these  days  not 
alone  in  Cornwall : 

"At  sunset,  when  the  high  sea  span 

About  the  rocks  a  web  of  foam, 

I  saw  the  ghost  of  a  Cornishman 
"'     '  Gome  home. 

I  saw  tbe  ghost  of  a  Comishman 

Bun  from  the  weariness  of  war, 

I  heard  him  laughing  as  he  ran 

Across  his  unforeotten  shore. 

The  great  cliff,  guded  by  tiie  west, 

Received  him  as  an  honored  guest. 

The  ereen  sea,  shining  in  the  bay. 

Did  drown  his  dreadral  yesterday. 

Come  home,  come  home,  yoa  million  ghosts. 
The  honest  years  shall  make  amends, 
The  sun  and  moon  shall  be  your  hosts, 
The  everlasting  hills  your  fnends. 
And  some  shaU  seek  their  mothers'  faces, 
And  some  shall  run  to  trysting  places. 
And  some  to  towns,  and  other  yet 
ShaU  find  g^reat  forests  in  their  debt 

Oh,  I  would  sie^  the  golden  coasts 

Of  space,  and  cOmb  high  heaven's  dome, 

So  I  might  see  those  million  ghosts 

Come  home." 

These  eight  books  of  contemporary  verse  are  none  of  then 
great,  in  anf  sense.  But  none  of  them  is  without  imp6rtanoe. 
not  even  the  book  of  the  man  who  was  able  to  be  "uteiary'' 
anent  Grallipoli.  For  that  book  furnishes,  in  the  first  place,  i 
horrible  example  of  the  most  approved  sort,  and,  in  the  aeoaod. 
an  opportunity  to  repeat  the  anotent  platitude  that  in  literatuR. 
as  in  life,  it  is  the  sincere  who  shall  inherit  the  eartli. 


THE  WILD  ANIMALS  OF  NORTH  AMERICA' 


THIS  is  a  scientific  work  of  a  very  unusual  kind.  It  con- 
sists of  a  series  of  capital  life  studies  of  the  most  impor- 
tant big  and  small  mammals  of  North  America,  by  Edward 
W.  Nekon,  Chief  of  the  Biol<^cal  Survey,  with  admirable 
colored  pictures  by  Louis  Agassiz  Fuertes  and  track  sketehes 
by  Ernest  Thompson  Seton,  and  some  excellent  photographs 
and  sketehes  by  other  men. 

The  book  is'  of  first-rate  importance.  Mr.  Nelson,  the  Chief 
of  the  Biological  Survey,  is  one  of  the  best  and  keenest  natural- 
ists we  have  ever  had,  and  a  man  of  singularly  balanced  devel- 
opment. He  is  a  trained  laboratory  and  closet  scientist.  He  is 
a  field  naturalist  of  wide  experience  from  Alaska  to  Mexico. 
He  is  an  exceptionally  close  and  accurate  observer.  He  is  able 
to  deduce  the  truth  from  the  facts  he  has  seen ;  and  he  has  the 
gift  of  recording  this  truth  with  power  and  charm. 

This  unusual  combination  is  absolutely  necessary  if  first-class 
work  is  to  be  done.  No  lover  of  science  who  knows  the  works 
of  the  great  masters  of  science  from  Huxley  down  can  fail  to 
realize  the  immense  increase  in  efficiency  which  comes  to  the 
scientific  leader  of  thought  if  he  possesses  or  can  acquire  the 
ability  to  portray  with  cleamess,  vividness,  and  attraction  what 
he  has  to  say,  so  that  it  can  appeal  to  scientific  laymen  and  be- 
come part  of  the  store  of  garnered  wisdom  to  which  all  men  of 

•The  Wild  Aninwk  of  North  America.    By  Ed^raid  W.  Nelaon.  The  National 
Geogrephio  Society,  Washingiton,  D,  C.  $3. 


knowledge  and  cultivation  have  access.  Nothing  is  more  fatal 
whether  from  the  standpoint  of  science  or  of  history  or  of  anj 
other  branch  of  knowledge,  than  that  tendency  to  segr^gatins 
between  what  is  serious  and  what  is  interesting,  which  resuls 
in  a  pile  of  solemn  unreadable  volumes  of  fact  on  the  one  has  L 
and  on  the  other  in  a  pile  of  agreeably  written  matter  which  if 
not  true.  The  latter  is  wholly  valueless ;  the  former  has  odj 
the  value  that  attaches  to  bricks  in  a  rubbish  heap — slater  sooif 
builder  may  be  able  to  use  a  few  of  them. 

This  book  is  of  Interest  to  every  intelligent  out-of-doors  nuc 
or  woman.  It  is  of  great  interest  to  the  field  naturalist.  It  is  (^ 
interest  to  the  intelligent  hunter.  It  is  a  delight  to  the  lover  d 
the  life  of  the  open.  It  is  also  of  high  value  to  every  laboratorr 
naturalist  worth  being  called  such — that  is,  to  every  natniaii^ 
whose  horizon  is  not  limited  by  collecting,  oompariiig,  *ni 
recording  "  specimens  "  in  the  stamp-collection  spirit  The  wiir 
grasp  of  the  subject  shown  in  the  vigorous  introductory  sketch^ 
first  to  the  big  mammals  and  then  to  the  small,  shows  a  pom<f 
of  generalization  indispensable  to  the  first-class  worker. 

The  life  histories  themselves  surpass  anything  of  the  kioi 
that  we  have  yet  had  on  so  considerable  a  sciue.  They  w 
better  than  the  excellent  life  histories  of  mammals  by  Andnbo 
and  Bachman,  and  the  few  good  recent  studies  have  oovem: 
much  smaller  fields.  Owing  to  the  conditions  under  which  ^ 
book  has  been  produced  they  are  of  unequal  value ;  bat  e 

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1918 


THE   OUTLOOK 


343 


other  observer  has  doae  msih  tUbnir&hks  work  hi  r^fnms  fEnnns- 
tically  so  remote,  ranging  from  the  Arctic  tundras  to  the  hot 
deserts.  The  descriptions  of  Mr.  Nelson's  experiences  with 
kangaroo  rats  and  pocket  mice  are  among  the  best  and  most 
del^tful  of  all  sucn  things  that  have  ever  been  written,  and 
tbere  are  many  other  oi  the  bic^fraphiea,  especially  of  the 
smaller  mammals,  which  are  almost,  or  indeed  quite,  on  the 
same  high  level. 

TherSore  this  is  a  book  whi6h  should  be  read  and  owned  by 
all,  for  it  is  of  both  present  and  permanent  value.  The  matter 
and  the  manner,  the  letterpress  and  the  plates,  all  combine  to 

g've  it  high  worth.  We  owe  its  production  to  the  National 
eographic  Society,  which  expended  a  hundred  thousand  dollars 
on  it  in  the  two  issues  of  the  magazine  in  which  it  appeared  as 
two  separate  articles.  The  National  Geographic  Society,  in 
consequence,  share  with  Messrs.  Nelson  and  Fuertes  the  credit 
for  an  nndertakin|;  which  makes  us  the  debtors  of  all  of  them. 
And  therefore  it  is  all  the  more  to  be  regretted  that  they 
should  have  come  near  "  spoiling  the  ship  for  a  na'p'o^  *>{  tar, 
and  have  seriously  marred  the  hook  as  a  "  permanent  natural 
histwy  "  by  a  slovenly  Mlure  to  recast  the  articles  into  proper 


bo<^  form.  Nodiing  has  been  done  bat  pat  the  two  magazine 
articles  together,  even  retaining  the  magazine  numbering  on 
the  pages  and  the  magazine  headings  on  the  pages.  For  maga- 
zine purposes  one  article  was  entitdra  "  Larger  Mamoials  "  and 
one  "  Smaller  Mammals."  The  absurdity  of  this  arrangement 
in  a  permanent  book  is  sufficiently  shown  by  the  &ct  wat  the 
possum  is  classed  with  the  "  larger "  and  the  (much  bigger) 
porcupine  with  the  "  smaller  "  animals.  The  species  are  jumbled 
together  higgledy-piggledy  without  any  sequence  of  order.  The 
properly  introductory  matter  is  needlessly  and  exasperatingly 
split  into  two  parts ;  there  is  an  index  (in  the  middle  of  the 
book)  for  the  larger  mammals,  and  none  for  the  smaller ;  the 
plates,  text,  and  track  prints  for  the  different  species  are  scat- 
tered through  the  volume  with  almost  no  reference  to  one 
another.  In  consequence,  this  really  first-lass  work  is  given  a 
stitched-together,  makeshift  look  which  utterly  belies  its  worth. 
When  so  much  money  and  effort  were  spent,  it  is  certainly  a 
misfortune  that  there  was  the  penny-wise-pound-foolish  scrimp- 
ing of  the  trivial  additional  amount  of  money  and  effort  which 
would  have  added  incalculably  to  the  permanent  value  of  the 
book.  Thbodore  Roosbvblt. 


THE  PRESIDENT'S  FOURTEEN  POINTS 

ARE    THEY    CLEAR    AND    FINAL  ? 
BY   JOSEPH   H.   ODELL 

The  raaoer  wiD  rememoer  tnat  Dr.  Odell  ia  the  author  of  "  Interpreting  the  People  to  the  President,"  "  Dare  We  Dicker  for  Peace  ?" 
"  Pawing  the  Back  in  Washington,"  and  "  Who  Is  the  United  States  ?"  all  of  which  have  appeared  in  The  Oatlook  within  the  year.  His 
two  aeriee  of  Special  Correspomienee  articles  from  the  American  cantonments  and  from '  France  hare  been  among  his  other  important 
eontribataona  to  this  -joomaL — TKk  £k>iT0R8. 


SOBERLY  bat  pasenonately  the  people  have  willed  that 
this  war  shall  be  driven  forward  until  a  oondusive  military 
victory  has  been  achieved.  If  there  is  one  thing  in  the 
present  temper  that  is  absolutely  certain,  it  is  that  Americans 
are  nnanimous  in  demanding  unconditional  surrender  on  the 
part  of  Uie  present  German  Government.  And  whatever  it  may 
coai  to  achieve  that  end. Aqrwfil  efadlypi^.  Bat  tliBy  kmonr 
that  tiie  defeat  of  their  foM  upon  oie  fii^  of  battle  is  not  in 
itaelf  the  establishment  ef  an  emliiriiig  peace  (rf  rightemmeH. 
So  thoughtful  men  sad  waaata  e»ei'^  wlieig  aze  trjnapr  in  a 
poxzled  and  anxious  manaBt  in  pEevisian  ti»  hwnMt  hmaadty 
win  glean  and  gamer  after  the  awful  3reanrof  saraiiicial  sowinv; 
They  are  emboldened  to  a  persistent  consideration  of  the  sub- 
ject because  certain  terms  have  become  public  by  reason  of 
international  discussion.  On  October  8,19 18,  Secretary  Lan- 
sing addressed  this  inquiry  to  the  German  Government :  "  Does 
the  Imperial  Chancellor  mean  that  the  Imperial  German  Gov- 
ernment accepts  the  terms  laid  down  by  the  President  in  his 
address  to  the  Congress  of  the  United  States  on  the  8th  of 
Januanr  last  and  in  subsequent  addresses?"  On  October  12 
State  Secretary  Solf  replied  :  "  The  German  Government  has 
accepted  the  terms  laid  down  by  President  Wilson  in  his  address 
of  January  8,  and  in  his  subsequent  addresses  on  the  foundation 
of  a  permanent  peace  of  justice."  President  Wilson's  address 
to  Con^p^ss  on  January  8  contains  fourteen  points.  The  four- 
teen pomts  have  been  accepted  in  a  sense,  possibly  in  an  equivo- 
cal and  shifty  sense,  by  Germany,  and  that  acceptance,  however 
nntrostworthy,  opens  the  door  for  free  and  critical  discussion. 
If  earnest  minds  wish  to  ask  questions,  they  are  addressing  the 
questioDS  as  much  to  Germany  as  to  Ftesident  Wilson. 

Bat  the  President  himself  invited  inquiry  in  his  New  York 
speech  on  September  27,  when  he  said : 

The  counsels  of  plain  men  have  become  on  all  hands  more 
simple  and  straightforward  and  more  unified  tlian  the  counsels 
of  sophisticated  men  of  affairs  who  still  retain  the  impression 
that  they  are  playing  a  game  of  power  and  playing  tor  high 
■takes.  That  is  why  I  have  said  this  is  a  people's  war,  not  a 
statesmen's.  Statesmen  must  follow  the  clarified  thought  or  be 
broken. 

I  take  that  to  be  the  significance  of  the  fact  that  assemblies 
and  associations  of  many  kinds  made  up  of  plain  workaday 
people  have  demanded,  almost  every  time  they  came  together, 
awl  are  still  demanding,  that  the  leaders  of  their  governments 


declare  to  them  plainly  what  it  is,  exactly  what  it  is,  that  they 
are  seeking  in  this  war,  and  what  they  think  the  items  of  the 
final  settlement  should  be.  .  .  . 

But  I,  for  one,  am  elad  to  attempt  the  answer  again  and 
again,  in  the  hope  that  I  may  make  it  dearer  and  clearer  that 
my  one  thought  b  to  satisfy  those  who  struggle  in  the  ranks,  ' 
and  who  are,  perfaiqM  above  all  others,  entitled  to  a  reply  whose 
meaning  no  one  can  hare  any  excuse  for  misunderstanding,  if 
ha  uaderstamb  the  language- m  ivhieh  it  is  spoken,  or  can  g^t 
soBB  aaeta  tnoslate  it  eomedyinte  his  own. 

Obvionriy,  the  Presidest  not  only  regards  this  struggle  as 
the  Peojde's  War,  bat  he  expects  that  4he  peace  will  be  a  People's 
Peace.  He  wishes  that  "  open  covenants  of  peace,  openly  ar- 
rived at,"  shall  be  with  the  intelligent  consent  of  all  concerned, 
and  that  "  diplomacy  shall  proceed  always  frankly  and  in  the 
public  view."  This  object  is  defeated  if  the  terms  upon  which 
a  peace  is  postulated  are  vague,  equivocal,  and  impossible  of 
reasonable  application.  If  the  pec^le  have  the  right  to  a 
clear  understanding  of  why  they  laouch  themselves  upon  war, 
they  have  an  equal  right  to  a  clear  understanding  of  why  they 
terminate  the  war.  It  b  their  war,  and  it  must  %  their  peace 
also. 

Therefore  the  questions  I  would  ask,  chiefly  concerning  the 
Fourteen  Points  of  January  8,  are  bona-fide  questions,  the  ques- 
tions I  have  heard  asked  by  ordinary  men  and  women  and  also 
by  men  who  have  studied  world  affairs ;  they  are  asked  in  no  carp- 
ing mood  and  with  no  intent  other  than  to  procure  more  light 
upon  the  possible  conditions  of  the  righteous  peace  that  Ues 
ahead  of  us — not  far  ahead,  please  God  I  And  it  is  right  to 
keep  to  straightforward  questions  rather  than  to  leap  by  infer- 
ences, because  the  latter  may  lead  both  us  and  our  Government 
into  a  compromised  position  when  the  Peace  Conference  arrives. 
For  instance,  hardly  anything  could  be  more  disadvantageous 
to  an  approach  toward  peace  than  to  assume  that  President 
Wilson  18  bent  upon  dictating  every  feature  of  the  new  consti- 
tutions under  which  the  Central  Powers  shall  live.  Tlie  "  New 
Republic,"  in  its  October  12  issue,  makes  the  following  jaunty, 
ex  cathedra  statement :  "  When  it  comes  to  demanding  funda- 
mental reforms  inside  Germany,  there  is  one  which  President 
Wilson  will  probably  hold  out  for — woman  suffrage."  Why? 
However  desirable  and  just  it  may  be,  it  has  never  b^n  regarded 
as  a  sine  qua  non  of  democracy.  How  can  the  President "  hold 
out  for  "  it  in  the  name  of  democracy  when  our  own  Democratic 

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344 


THE  OUTLOOK 


6  November 


Senate  has  recently  voted  acunst  its  adoption  in  America? 
How  can  the  President  "  hold  out  for  "  it  when  he  said  before 
Coneress,  December  4,  1917: 

"  We  owe  it,  however,  to  ourselTes  to  say  that  we  do  not  wish 
in  any  way  to  impair  or  to  re-arrange  the  Austro-Hungarian 
Empire.  L;  is  no  wair  of  ours  what  they  do  with  their  own  life, 
«ther  industrially  or  politically.  We  do  not  purpose  or  desire  to 
dictate  tothem  in  any  way.  We  only  desire  to  see  that  their  afEairs 
are  left  in  their  own  hands,  in  all  matters,  great  or  small.  .  .  . 

"  And  our  attitude  sead  purpose  with  r^j^  to  Germany  her- 
self are  of  a  like  kind.  We  intend  no  wrong  against  the  Ger- 
man Empire,  no  interference  with  her  intemu  affairs.  We 
should  deem  either  the  one  or  the  other  absolutely  unjustifiable, 
absolutely  contrary  to  the  principles  we  have  professed  to  live 
by  and  to  hold  most  sacred  throughout  our  life  as  a  Nation." 

The  desirability  of  getting  all  possible  light  upon  these  terms 
is  still  further  intensified  by  the  fact  iiukt  President  Wilstm 
has  said  that  Point  X  is  no  longer  applicable,  because  of 
the  occurrence  of  certain  events  since  January  8.  (Note  to 
Austria-Hungary,  October  19.)  Others  of  the  Fourteen  Points 
may  also  have  become  inapplicable  for  the  same  reason.  Pro- 
fessor J.  Holland  Rose,  of  Cambridge  University,  England, 
distinctly  claims  that  the  tide  of  events  has  swept  forward  with 
such  speed  since  January  8, 1918,  that  several  of  the  Points  are 
entirely  inadequate  and  that  the  Central  Powers  would  not  con- 
cede nearly  enough  even  if  they  gave  a  bona-fide  assent  to  the 
Pouits  as  formulated.  (New  York  "  Times,"  October  16, 1918.) 
And  it  must  be  said  in  strict  fairness  to  the  President  that  he 
himself  did  not  regard  the  terms  as  inflexible  and  irrevocable 
when  speaking  upon  the  conditions  of  peace  a  mouth  later — 
Eebruaryll: 

"'  The  United  States  has  no  desire  to  interfere  in  European 
affairs  or  to  act  as  arbiter  in  European  territorial  disputes. 
She  would  disdain  to  take  advantage  of  any  internal  weakness 
or  disorder  to  impose  her  own  will  upon  anotiier  people.  She 
is  quite  ready  to  be  shown  that  the  settlements  she  nas  Bug- 
gered are  not  the  best  or  the  most  enduring.  They  are  only 
her  own  provisional  sketch  of  principles  and  of  the  way  in 
which  they  should  be  applied." 

We  have  seen  that  the  principle  of  the  self-determination  of 
peoples  has  supplanted  Point  X,  and  that  same  principle 
runs  ov^r  and  invades  some  of  the  suggestions  of  tne  other 
points.  But  it  also  raises  the  question  of  how  small  a  people 
can  be  in  quantity  and  resources  and  still  have  the  right  to 
nationality.  We  feel  certain  about  the  Ukrainians,  but  what 
about  the  Kvu:ds  ?  Does  not  nationality  imply  the  ability  to 
fulfill  a  nation's  obligations  within  the  society  of  nations  ?  May 
any  littie  ethnologicid  group  set  up  national  housekeeping  just 
because  it  has  the  aspiration  so  to  do  ? 

Happily,  all  America  feels  an  increased  confidence  in  the 
issue  smce  President  Wilson  sent  to  Germany  his  note  of 
October  28.  Now  that  the  President  has  used  the  word 
"  surrender,"  even  though  the  adjective  "  unconditional "  has 
been  omitted,  and  now  that  he  has  definitely  left  the  matter  of 
an  armistice  to  the  only  ones  who  can  safely  grant  an  armistice, 
there  is  assurance  that  "  the  provisional  sketch  of  principles  " 
will  be  so  interpreted  by  aU  the  Allies  that  Germany  will  not 
get  away  with  any  of  «er  unholy  booty,  and  that  the  injured 
and  mutilated  nations,  outraged  by  the  Hun's  fiendish  power, 
will  have  just  and  ample  reparation.  In  that  confidence  we  may 
turn,  without  prejudice  ana  without  a  trace  of  disloyalty,  to  a 
survey  of  the  Fourteen  Points.  In  fact,  everjrthingin  the  present 
situation  incites  us  to  do  so  if  we  are  to  have  a  People's  Peace 
to  terminate  the  People's  War. 

THE  FOURTEEN  POINTS 

/. —  Open  covenants  of  peace,  openly  arrived  at,  after  which 
there  shall  be  no  private  international  understandings  of  any 
kind,  but  diplomacy  shall  proceed  always  frankly  and  in  the 
public  view. 

If  "  diplomacy  shall  proceed  always  frankly  and  in  the  public 
view,"  does  it  mean  that  all  international  correspondence  shall 
be  published  in  the  public  press  as  quickly  as  it  is  received  or 
transmitted  ?  Hitherto  the  United  States  has  not  pursued  that 
policy.  And  it  is  well  known  that  interchanges  of  opinion,  lead- 
mg  up  to  formal  agreements,  are  conducted  verbally  through 


the  diplinnatic  representatives  of  the  naition.  Are  these  inte^ 
changes  to  be  recorded  and  published?  There  appear  to  be 
many  difficulties  and  not  a  few  dangers  to  any  sucn  course  as 
the  above  questions  indicate.  But,  granting  its  desirability, 
there  should  be  some  attempt  to  estabCsh  the  method.  We  can- 
not help  wondering  what  would  have  happened  in  the  past  four 
years  if  our  State  Department  had  puUished  all  tine  rgporta, 
communications,  and  agreements  dealmg  with  Mexico.  Would 
the  American  public  have  been  as  restrained  as  the  Administra- 
tion ?  And  if  all  the  reports  of  Whitiock,  Gerard,  Van  Dyke, 
and  other  of  our  European  Ministers  and  Ambassadors  smce 
August,  1914,  had  been  given  full  publicity,  could  the  people 
have  beian  held  in  leaiih  until  April,  1917  ?  Unless  this  term  is 
striotiy  defined  it  must  be  chimericaL  Its  intention  is  obviously 
praiseworthy,  the  end  to  be  reached  is  highly  desirable,  but  the 
idea  needs  to  be  so  defined  that  the  international  rdationahips 
of  the  governments  of  the  world  shall  not  be  oonstanUy 
disarranged  bv  immature,  excited,  or  incited  public  opinion. 
Democracy  is  liable  to  moments  of  aberration. 

If  Point  I  is  intended  to  relate  solely  to  the  diplomacy 
neceamucy  to  the  ending  of  the  present  war,  and  is  not  to  be 
established  as  a  general  and  permanent  standard  for  interna- 
tional relationships,  that  delimitation  ought  to  be  frankly  stated. 

//. — Absolute  freedom  of  navigation  upon  the  seas,  outside 
territori(d  waters,  alike  in  peace  and  in  war,  exc^as  the  scan 
may  be  closed  in  whole  or  in  part  by  intemationM  action  for 
the  enforcement  of  international  covenants. 

Of  course  "  freedom,  of  the  seas  "  cannot  mean  anything  that 
Germany  has  claimed  it  to  mean  since  the  outbreak  of  the  war. 
But  something  definite  should  be  outlined.  International  law, 
so  far  as  it  is  related  to  maritime  affairs,  has  been  simply  a 
mass  of  customs^  precedents,  and  court  rulings,  accepted  tacitly 
by  the  civilized  nations  of  the  world.  New  meters  entered  into 
the  conduct  of  this  war  upon  the  seas  not  explicitiy  covered  by 
the  accepted  laws. '  Even  before  the  war  an  attraupt  at  codifica- 
tion and  clarification  had  been  att^npted  and  was  known  as  tix 
Declaration  of  London ;  but  no  nation  had  formally  accepted 
the  Declaration — not  even  Great  &itain.  Has  not  the  time 
arrived  for  a  revision  and  a  codification  o&odsting  laws  ?  Ger- 
many cannot  expect  to  have  any  part  in  vfts  work.  Therefore, 
it  may  be  asked,  has  the  President  in  misA  to  create  an  Inter- 
national Maritime  Court  of  revision  aaiL  oodifioatioa  which 
shall  have  the  authority  to  establish  the  jpinoipleB  and  oaninui 
of  international  law  upon  the  seas,  whiol^w  all  nations  ahaU 
give  guarantees  to  observe  ?  --r 

///. —  7%e  removal,  so  far  as  possible,  of  all  economic  bar- 
riers and  the  estajlishment  of  an  equality  of  trade  conditions 
among  all  the  nations  consenting  to  the  peace  and  associating 
themselves  for  its  maintenance. 

There  are  four  possible  barriers  to  "an  equality  of  trade 
conditions,"  viz. :  Boycotts  ;  withholding  of  raw  material ;  the 
closing  of  ports  against  shine  of  a  given  nation  ;  tariffs. 

1.  While  a  nation,  the  United  States,  for  instance,  may  not 
officially  boycott  another  nation — Germany,  for  instance — by 
refusing  to  allow  its  products  to  enter  the  country,  nevertheless 
a  nation  cannot  compel  its  citizens  to  purchase  the  products  of 
another  nation.  At  me  Peace  Conference  the  American  repre- 
sentative cannot  pledge  that  I  shall  purchase  German  cutlery 
in  preference  to  American  or  Britiw,  or  that  my  firm  shall 
resume  the  use  of  German  dyes  after  having  established  the 
use  of  American  dyes  within  my  industrial  plant. 

2.  Cun  any  peace  conference  enact  that  the  raw  material  of 
any  one  nation  shall  be  instantiy  and  equally  available  for  all 
nations  ?  Or  can  the  League  of  Nations — to  be  established  at 
the  Peace  Conference — devise  certain  penalties  for  a  nation 
which  will  not  equitably  share  its  raw  matM*ial  with  other 
nations  ?  Or,  again,  does  this  mean  simply  that  Germany  will 
be  allowed  to  obtain  such  raw  material  as  cotton  at  the  close  ot 
the  war  at  the  established  market  rate  ?  Is  it  nothing  more 
than  a  way  of  stating  that  Germany  shall  have  a  fair  chance  to 
begin  her  peaceful  industrial  life  again  ? 

3.  Ports.  Singapore,  for  example,  is,  or  was,  a  free  jiort.  But 
there  lias  been  much  talk  of  closing  all  British  ports  in  the  East 
against  German  ships  for  a  given  term  of  years  in  order  to 


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1918 


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34S 


break  Genaany's  hold  npon  the  Oriental  markets.  Is  Point 
III  a  notioe  to  British  authorities  thiat  no  such  discrunination 
against  Germany  will  be  allowed  ? 

4.  Tariffs.  Is  the  Peace  Conference  to  limit  the  tariff-making 
power  of  each  nation  ?  We  hare  a  Conenress  to^^  which  repre- 
8^tBtheD«nooratio  party,  a  party  which  fayors  mmimum  tariffs. 
But  in  five  years  from  now  we  may  have  a  Congress  represent- 
ing the  Bepablican  party,  'a  party  which  favors  high  tariff,  not 
omy  for  the  sake  of  revenue  but  for  the  protection  of  the 
Americui  standard  of  living  and  for  the  encouragement  of 
infant  industries.  Is  any  American  Congress  of  the  future  to 
find  its  fiscal  and  industrial  programme  determined  by  the 
ammranents  made  at  the  commg  Peace  Conference? 

And  how  far  will  the  principle  of  reciprocity  be  reoognized 
under  this  term?  Are  the  economic  reAtionships  of  Canada 
and  the  United  States,  for  example,  to  he  r^ulated  by  a  prin- 
ciple which  works  chiefly  for  the  benefit  of  certain  European 
nadoos? 

IV. — Adequate  guarantees  given  and  taken  that  national 
armaments  toUl  he  reduced  to  the  lowest  point  conaOtti^with 
domestic  safety. 

Probably  tltere  k  oniversal  agreement  Oonoemmg  the  need 
of  a  reduction  of  national!  armaments.  But  what  is  meant  by 
"■  domestic  safety  "?  To  the  average  mind  "  domestic  safety  "  as 
determining  the  size  of  armaments  means  only  policing.  Can 
no  nation  have  an  army  larger  than  is  necessary  for  the  sup- 
pression of  domestic  disorder? 

Or,  if  it  means  for  national  self-defense,  how  are  we  to  deter- 
mine what  constitutes  self-defense  ?  Germany  invaded  Belgium, 
France,  and  Russia  in  what  she  still  persists  in  calling  a  war  of 
self-defense.  The  British  expedition  va  Palestine  and  the  adven- 
ture in  Gallipoli  were  both  foif  the  defense  of  the  Suez  Canah 
England's  huge  navy  saved  not  only  England  but  Europe  and 
poflsibly  America. 

V. — A  fT^  open^nded,  and  absolutely  impartial  adjust- 
ment ofau  colonial  claims,  based  upon  a  strict  dbsefoance  of 
the  principle  that  in  determining  ail  such  questions  of  sover- 
eignty the  interests  of  the  population  concerned  must  have 
equal  weight  with  the  equitable  claims  of  the  government 
whose  title  is  to  be  determined. 

How  far  are  we  to  go  back  in  the  history  of  colonial  mis- 
mana^ment  to  determme  whether  a  given  country  is  fit  to  hold 
colonies  ?  Without  going  back,  we  have  evidence  now  more  than 
plentiful  that  Germany  delibcoutely  sought  to  exterminate  cer- 
tain native  races  in  Amca. 

But  that  is  not  the  only  difficulty,  There  are  certain  subject 
races  in  the  lost  African  colonies  of  Grermany  which  are  not 
competent  to  exeroifle  the  rights  of  "  self-determination  " — they 
are  savages  with  scarcely  the  rudiments  of  tribal  self-oonsoious- 
nees. 

Still  another  difficulty  arises  when  considering  Germany's 
lost  African  poasessions.  Those  territories  were  taken  from  Gei^ 
many,  act  by  England,  but  by  the  self-governing  South  African 
Republic — large  sections  of  which  had  German  sympathies  only 
a  few  years  ago  but  are  now  a  loyal  part  of  the  British  Imperial 
System.  The  South  African  Bepublic  has  said  that  it  wUl  not 
give  those  Grerman  territories  back  to  Germany.  Will  the  Peace 
Conference  expect  England  to  force  British  South  Africa  to 
relinquish  its  conquests  ?  Supposing  England  savs,  "We  cannot 
<<onipeI  our  self-governing  colonies  to  follow  the  terms  of  the 
Peace  Confeieooe"  I  What  can  be  done? 

This  situation  raises  the  question  whether  the  British  Domin* 
ions  shall  have  their  own  serarate  places  in  the  Peace  Confer- 
ence— Canada,  Australia,  New  Zealand,  the  South  African 
Kepablio,  and  India.  Eaish  is  not  only  self-f^veming  but  eat^ 
has  acted  npon  its  own  initiative  in  proeecutmg  the  war. 

VI. — The  ewacuaUon  of  cJl  Russian  territory  and  such  a 
netileintml  of  all  questions  affecting  Russia  as  will  secure  the 
h^4tt  and  freest  co-operation  of  the  other  nations  of  the  world 
in  obtatnituf  for  her  an  unhampered  and  unembarrassed  op- 
Itnriiwniiby  for  the  independent  determination  of  her  own  polit- 
ifftl  development  and  national  policy,  and  assure  her  of  a  sin- 
f.trre  welcome  into  the  society  of  free  nations  under  institutions 


of  her  own  choosing  ;  and,  more  than  a  welcome,  assistance 
also  of  every  kind  that  she  may  need  and  may  herself  desire. 
The  treatment  accorded  Russia  by  her  sister  nations  in  the 
months  to  come  will  he  the  acid  test  of  their  good^will,  of  their 
comprehension  of' her  weds  as  disiinguishea  from  their  oum 
interests,  and  of  their  iritelligent  and  unselfish  sympathy. 

Very  little  indeed  can  be  said  with  finality  about  Russia. 
The  world  expects  America  and  her  European  allies  to  act  in 
a  spirit  of  the  highest  opportunism,  in  which  ohivalrv  shall  be 
the  predominating  note,  toward  this  unhappy  land.  Two  things 
are  quite  clear — the  treachery  called  a  z^eime,  represented  by 
Lenine,  Trotsky,  and  the  other  hireling  of  Germany,  must  be 
extirpated,  and  it  must  be  made  impossible  for  German  "  peace- 
ful penetration  "  to  exploit  Russia  foUowing  the  peace.  That 
is,  German  evacuation  must  be  much  more  tnan  the  withdrawal 
of  armed  forces ;  it  must  be  a  cessation  of  all  forms  of  political 
and  economic  German  control  The  spirit  of  the  President's 
words  leaves  nothing  to  be  desired. 

VII. — Belgium,  the  whote  world  wiU  agree,  must  he  evacu- 
ated and  restored,  without  any  attempt  to  limit  the  sovereignty 
which  she  enjoys  in  common  with  all  other  free  nations.  No 
other  single  act  wiU  serve  as  this  will  serve  to  restore  confi- 
dence among  the  nations  in  the  laws  which  they  have  themsdves 
set  and  determined  for  the  government  of  their  rdations  with 
one  another.  Without  this  healing  act  the  whole  structure  and 
validity  of  international  law  is  forever  imjMtred. 

The  word  "  restored  "  must  be  stressed.  Ot  course,  in  a  sense, 
Belgium  cannot  be  "  restored."  Some  treasures  were  lost  in 
Louvain  and  other  cities  which  can  never  be  replaced.  Belgium 
ought  to  have : 

1.  Indemnities  from  Germany  for  the  reconstruction  of  every 
private,  public,  and  industrial  building  destroyed  by  the  Ger- 
mans. 

2.  German  labor  should  be  used  in  the  physical  task  of  re- 
construction. 

8.  Germany  should  replace  all  industrial  machinery  destroyed  . 
diuring  the  war. 

4.  Germany  should  give  financial  compensation  for  all  indus- 
tries destroyed  or  suspended  during  the  war. 

5.  Germany  should  return  all  levies  of  money  made  on  cities 
and  towns,  with  accrued  interest. 

6.  Germany  should  restore  every  bit  of  loot  taken  from 
Bdgium. 

."niese  things  should  be  the  irreducible  minimum.  Is  there  the 
slightest  element  of  injustice  in  these  demands  ? 

VIII. — All  French  territory  Should  be  freed  and  the 
Uvoaded  portions  restored,  and  the  wrong  done  to  France  by 
Prussia  in  1871  in  the  matter  of  Alsace-Lorraine,  which  has 
unsettled  the  peace  of  the  world  for  nearly  JifUf  years,  should 
he  righted  in  order  that  peace  may  once  more  be  made  secure 
in  the  interest  of  all, 

"  The  invaded  porticms  restored  " !  All  that  has  been  said 
concerning  the  restoration  of  Belgium  holds  good,  without  a 
single  abatement,  concerning  the  invaded  portions  of  France. 

"  The  wrong  done  to  France  by  Prussia  m  1871 . . .  should  be 
righted." 

Is  the  President  himself  prepared  to  say  that  the  wrong 
can  be  righted  only  by  the  complete  and  absolute  return  of 
Alsace-Lorraine  to  France  ? 

King  George,  on  behalf  of  Great  Britain,  speaking  to  the 
interparliamentary  delegates,  Oct^r  22,  1918,  said :  ^  I  con- 
gratulate you.  Senators  and  Deputies  of  France,  on  the  ap- 
proaching restoration  of  provinces  tc»ii  from  you  forty-seven 
years  ago,  which  have  never  wavered  in  their  loving  attachment 
to  France."' 

Can  President  Wilson,  representing  the  United  States,  say 
less? 

/X". — A  readjustment  <j/*  the  frontiers  of  Italy  should  be 
effected  along  clearly  recognizable  lines  of  nationality. 

On  the  basis  of  a  clearly  recc^iziul  line  of  nationality  we 
may  be  landed  into  confusion.  Is  Italy  to  have  only  the  lower 
Trentino,  or  shall  the  line  run  back  to  a  frontier  of  natural 
defense,  such  as  Austria  offered  Italy  in  1914  ?  Shall  the  Italian 

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possessions  run  down  to  Pola,  induding  tiie  whole  of  Istria? 
But  shall  Fiume  be  excluded  and  made  into  a  free  city,  or  one 
of  the  outlets  for  the  newly  constituted  Jugoslav  nation  ? 

X. — 7%c  peoples  of  Aitstria-Hungcery,  whose  place  among 
the  nations  we  wish  to  see  safeguarded  and  assured,  should  be 
accorded  the  freest  opportunity  of  autonomous  development. 

This  Point  has  gone  by  the  board,  according  to  President 
Wilson's  note  to  Austria-Hungary  of  October  19,  IQIS.  The 
Czechoslovaks,  through  their  National  Council,  have  been  recog- 
nized as  a  "  de  facto  l^lligerent  Government  clothed  with  proper 
authority  to  direct  tixe  military  and  political  affairs  of  the 
Czechoslovaks."  Will  this  give  the  Czechoslovaks  the  right  to  a 
place  in  the  Peace  Conference  and  also  in  the  League  of 
Nations  ? 

The  President  has  substituted  for  this  Point  X  the  fourth 
principle  of  his  address  to  Congress,  February  11, 1918,  which 
replaces  autonomy  by  independence  through  self-determination. 

XI. — Rumania,  Serbia,  and  Montenegro  should  be  evacu- 
ated;  occupied  territories  restored  ;  Serbia  accorded  free  and 
secure  access  to  the  sea  ;  and  the  relations  of  the  severed  Balkan 
states  to  one  another  determined  by  friendly  counsel  along 
historically  established  lines  of  allegiance  and  nationality ; 
and  international  guarantees  of  the  political  and  economic 
independence  and  territorial  integrity  of  the  several  Balkan 
states  should  be  entered  into. 

Has  the  President  in  mind  that  the  Rumanians  of  that  por- 
tion of  Hungary  known  as  Transylvania  shall  unite  with  the 
present  Rumania,  to  which  shall  ^so  be  added  Bessarabia? 

Serbia  and  Montenegro  may  become  the  principal  elements  of 
the  new  Jugoslav  state,  or  federation  of  states,  which  would  take 
in  Bosnia,  Croatia,  and  Slavonia,  Herzegovina  and  Dalmatia. 

Of  course  this  brings  in  the  question  again  of  Fiume,  and  it 
would  seem  as  if  Fiume  ought  to  be  a  free  city  and  left  as  an 
outlet  for  the  German- Austrians  to  the  Adriatic. 

In  permitting  the  voluntary  dismemberment  of  the  Austro- 
Hungarian  Empire  even  the  German  residuum  ought  to  be 
protected  from  economic  strangulation. 

XII. —  The  Turkish  portions  of  the  present  Ottoman  Empire 
should  be  assured  a  secure  sovereignty,  but  the  other  nationali- 
ties which  are  now  under  Turkish  rule  should  be  assured  an 
undoubted  security  of  life,  and  an  absolutely  unmolested  oppor- 
tunity (^autonomous  development,  and  the  Dardanelles  should 
be  permanently  opened  as  a  free  passage  to  the  ships  and  com- 
merce of  all  nations  ufider  international  guarantees. 

Has  America  any  standing  in  court  on  questions  relating  to 
the  Ottoman  Empire  ?  For  reasons  which  all  Americans  wish 
to  have  disclosed,  and  which  they  believe  they  have  the  right 
to  know,  the  United  States  is  not  at  war  with  Turkey.  Al- 
though Turkey  has  embarrassed  our  allies  and  held  them  back 
from  victory  over  Germany  even  more  than  Austria-Hungary, 
yet  we  have  stayed  our  hand  where  Great  Britain  sorely  needed 
our  assistance.  Large  numbers  of  thoughtful  Americans  feel 
that  we  have  no  right  of  any  kind  to  pronounce  upon  the  future 
of  Turkey.  Nothing  in  all  history  has  been  more  diabolical  than 
Turkey's  treatment  of  Armenia,  and  we  must  be  ultra-cautious 
in  not  repeating  England's  fatal  rule  of  the  protector  of  the 
"  unspeakable  T^rk." 

The  Powers  which  are  at  war  with  Turkey  must  be  the  arbi- 
ters, and  America  should  not  presume  to  dictate  terms  for  which 
she  would  not  fight.    It  is  poor  taste,  to  say  the  least. 

XIII. — An  independent  Polish  state  shoidd  be  erected 
which  should  indude  the  territories  inhabited  by  indisputably 
Polish  jiopulations,  which  shoidd  be  assured  a  free  and  secure 
access  to  the  sea,  and  whose  political  and  economic  independ- 
ence and  territoiial  integrity  should  be  guaranteed  by  inter- 
national covenant. 

How  can  Poland  have  a  free  and  secure  access  to  the  sea 
except  by  the  Vistula  route  to  Danzig;  ?  Does  this  mean  simply 
a  ri^^ht  of  way,  or  does  it  mean  the  cession  of  present  German 
territory  from  the  Polish  frontier  to  the  Baltic?  Are  we  pre- 
pared to  force  the  ceding  of  such  territory  upon  Germany? 
To  give  Poland  a  strip  of  territory  which  shall  mclude  Danzig 


would  leave  East  Prussia  in  a  condition  of  isolation  and  woidd 
introduce  a  "  new  or  per})etuate  an  old  element  of  discord  unl 
antagonism,"  such  as  the  President  said  must  not  be  permitted 
in  carrying  out  the  policy  of  self-determination.  (Address  to 
Congress  February  11, 1918.)  Therefore  the  question  remains. 
How  is  Poland  to  have  "  a  free  and  secure  access  to  the  sea"? 
A  mere  right  of  way  could  hardly  guarantee  it. 

XIV. — A  general  association  of  nations  must  he  formed 
under  specific  covenants  for  thepwrpose  of  affording  mutual 
guarantees  of  political  independence  and  territorial  integrity 
to  meat  and  small  states  alike. 

The  chief  question  here  is  whether  Germany  is  to  be  admittetl 
at  once  to  this  League.  In  his  address  "  Recommending  the 
Declaration  that  a  state  of  war  exists  between  the  United  States 
and  the  Imperial  German  Government,"  April  2,  1917,  Presi- 
dent Wilson  said :  "  A  steadfast  concert  for  peace  can  never  be 
maintained  except  by  a  partnership  of  democratic  nations.  No 
autocratic  government  could  be  trusted  to  keep  faith  within  it 
or  observe  its  covenants."  On  DecCTober  4, 1917,  in  "  Recom- 
mending the  Declaration  of  a  state  of  war  between  the  Unite<l 
States  and  the  Austro-Hungarian  Government,"  the  President 
-said: 

The  worst  that  can  happen  to  the  detriment  of  the  Gernuua 
people  is  this,  that  if  they  should  still,  after  the  war  is  over,  con- 
tinae  to  be  obliged  to  live  under  ambidoos  and  intriguing  ma»- 
ters  interested  to  disturb  the  peace  of  the  world,  men  or  classes 
of  men  whom  the  other  peoples  of  the  world  could  not  trust,  it 
might  be  impossible  to  admit  them  to  the  partnership  of  nations 
which  iqust  henceforth  guarantee  the  world's  peace.  That  part- 
nership must  be  a  partnership  of  peoples,  not  a  mere  partner- 
ship of  govemments.  It  might  be  impossible,  also,  in  such  un- 
toward circumstances,  to  acunit  Germany  to  the  free  economic 
intercourse  which  must  inevitalbly  spring  oat  of  the  other  part- 
nerships of  a  real  peace. 

In  the  President's  decisive  reply,  October  14,  to  the  German 
request  for  an  armistice  and  the  terms  of  peace,  he  quoted  from 
his  Mount  Vernon  address  of  Jidy  4 : 

The  destruction  of  everv  arbitrary  power  anywhere  tbat  can 
separately,  secretly,  and  of  its  single  choice  disturb  the  peace  of 
the  world ;  or,  if  it  cannot  be  presently  destroyed,  at  least  its 
reduction  to  virtual  impotency. 

In  his  speech  delivered  in  New  York,  September  27,  the 
President  said : 

And,  as  I  see  it,  the  constitution  of  that  League  of  Nations 
and  the  clear  definition  of  its  objects  must  be  a  part,  is  in  a  sense 
the  most  essential  part,  of  the  peace  settlement  itself.  .  .  .  The 
reason,  to  speak  in  plain  terms  again,  why  it  must  be  guaranteed 
is  that  there  will  be  parties  to  the  peace  conference  whose  prom- 
ises have  proved  untrustworthy,  and  means  must  be  found  in 
connection  with  the  peace  settlement  itself  to  remove  the  source 
of  insecurity.  It  would  be  folly  to  leave  the  guarantee  to  the 
subsequent  Toluntary  action  of  the  governments  we  have  seen 
destroy  Russia  and  deceive  Rumania. 

These  quotations  seem  to  assume  that  the  League  of  Nations 
is  already  in  existence,  a  going  concern,  and  that  Germaay  can 
come  in  if  she  will  abolish  her  autocratic  form  of  govemmeait 
and  give  ample  guarantees  for  future  good  conduct.  What 
guarantees  on  the  part  of  the  German  people  does  the  Presid^it 
tiiink  woidd  be  sufficient? 

One  other  question  ought  to  be  asked :  What  power  will 
this  Leagfue  of  Nations  have  at  its  instant  conunand  in  order  to 
enforce  its  decisions? 

No  one  can  make  a  careful  survey  of  the  Fourteen  Points. 
to  which  must  be  added  the  principle  of  the  self-determinatiou 
of  peoples,  without  reaching  two  or  three  conclusions : 

First :  Whatever  virtues  or  values  they  possess  in  themaelvea. 
they  will  all  he  invalid  unless  the  present  representatiTes  of 
military  autocracy  in  the  Central  Powers  are  crushed,  elimi- 
nated, or  reduced  to  a  condition  of  impotency.  That  is,  the 
worth  of  these  Points  or  any  others  depends  upon  the  decisive 
military  defeat  of  the  Prussian,  Austrian,  and  Turkish  aatoorate- 

Second :  The  enforcement  of  these  Points  or  an^  other  tenn^ 
should  not  be  attempted  without  the  full  and  cordial  assent  and 
agreement  of  all  our  European  Allies,  who  have  suffered  inti- 
mtely  more  than  we  have,  and  whose  future  peace  and  wt-l' 

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1918 


THE   OUTLOOK 


347 


beine  depend  infinitely  more  than  oui'S  upon  the  success  of  their 
api^cation. 

Third :  These  Points,  or  any  kindred  terms,  should  not  be 


considered  as  ends  in  themselves — to  prove,  for  instance,  that 
we  have  ti-iumphed  over  militarism — biit  as  means  to  an  end, 
the  end  being  that  "  liberty  shall  not  perish  from  the  earth." 


THE  UNITED  WAR  WORK    CAMPAIGN 


SEVEN  great  National  welfare  agencies  are  entering  into 
a  united  effort  to  raise  a  large  fmid  for  war  relief.  They 
are  the  two  so-called  "  Y's,"  that  is  to  say,  the  Y.  M.  C.  A. 
and  the  Y.  W.  C.  A.,  the  National  Catholic  War  Cotmcil 
(which  includes  the  Knights  of  Columbiis),  the  Jewish  Welfare 
Board,  the  Salvation  Army,  the  American  Library  Association, 
and  the  War  Camp  Community  Service. 

These  seven  welfare  agencies  have  received  from  the  Grovem- 
ment  authority  to  serve  the  Army  and  Navy  in  the  camps  and 
cantonments,  tiie  naval  stations  and  the  war-ships  at  home  and 
abroad.  At  first  the  agencies  worked  as  separate  units,  but 
before  longco-operation  became  inevitable.  Last  August,  at 
President  W^ilson's  recommendation,  they  appointed  a  joint 
committee,  by  which  all  fimds  were  to  be  nused  and  appor> 
tioned  according  to  the  size  and  need  of  each.  -'• 

What  do  they  need  money  for  ?  First,  they  need  it  to  main- 
tain their  15,000  to  16,000  workers  here  and  abroad.  Second, 
they  need  it  to  maintain  their  nearly  4,000  "  huts  "  and  to  build 
more,  a  hut  being  any  kind  of  a  building — a  library  of  the 
A.  L.  A.,  a  "  Y  "lecture-room,  or  merely  a  tent  with  "  K.  C." 
or  the  sign  of  the  Jewish  Welfare  Board  on  the  door-flap,  or 
even  a  dugout  where  a  Salvation  Army  lass  fries  doughnuts. 
Third,  these  agencies  need  money  because  they  are  store- 
keepers and  Qiotion-picture  exhibitors — the  weekly  attendance 
at  their  movies  is  no  less  than  2,500,000.  Thus  the  seven  agen- 
cies have  much  in  common,  although  each  is  maintaining  and 
expects  to  maintain  its  unique  place. 

To  get  the  money  needed  they  have  entered  upon  a  campaign 
to  nuse  the  amount  to  cover  their  needs  as  recently  estimated, 
namely,  $170,600,000.  But,  in  view  of  more  recent  needs,  they 
should  have  $260,000,000.   We  believe  that  they  will  get  it. 

The  $170,500,000  to  be  raised  is  to  be  divided  aa  foUows : 
Y.  M.  C.  A.,  $100^000,000 ;  Y.  W.  C.  A.,  $15,000,000 ;  National 

Catholic  War  Council  (including  EJiights  ot  Columbus),  $30,- 

OOO/KX) ;  War  Camp  Communitv  Sernce,  $15,000,000  ;  Jewish 

Welfare  Board,   9^,500,000;  American   Library  Association, 

83,500,000;  Salvation  Army,  $3,600,000. 

Daring  tiie  campugn  no  money  is  to  be  solicited  for  any  of 
these  organizations  individually.  Should  any  one  refuse,  how- 
ever, to  give  to  the  common  fund,  but  be  willing  to  give  to  any 
one  of  the  seven  organizations,  money  so  given  will  be  credited 
to  the  organization  designated,  but  a  subscription  given  in  this 
¥ray  will  become  a  part  of  the  organization's  proportionate  share 
and  not  an  addition  to  it.  Unless  there  is  some  special  reason 
to  the  contrary.  The  OuUook  urges  making  contributions  to  the 
war  cshest  of  all  the  seven  oi^fanizations  as  a  whole. 

The  "  drive  "  of  this  United  War  Work  Campaign,  which 
was  organized  at  President  Wilson's  request,  is  to  occur  from 
November  11  to  November  18,  inclusive. 

The  campaign  is  under  the  charge  of  Dr.  John  R.  Mott,  as 
Director-GeneraL  He  has  proved  himself  one  of  the  world's 
great  cnrganizers  and  philanthropists.  Dr.  Mott's  long  and 
careful  preparation  for  the  campaign  and  his  training  of  many 
experts  m  its  conduct  insures,  we  believe,  its  abundant  success. 

In  addition  Dr.  Mott  has,  we  are  prlad  to  say,  instantiy  met 
the  argument  of  slackers  against  giving  because  "  the  end  of 
the  war  is  in  sight."  "  On  the  contrary,"  he  replies,  "  the  end 
of  the  struggle  is  far  from  being  in  sight."  But  *'  even  were 
war  to  end  within  a  few  months  or  a  few  weeks,"  he  adds,  the 
cessation  of  "  the  excitement  and  incitement  of  the  war  period  " 
would  make  the  work  the  more  necessary  among  the  soldiers, 
who,  in  any  case,  would  have  to  remain  a  long  time  abroad.  He 
concludes,  "  The  period  of  demobilization  should  not  be  allowed 
to  become  one  of  demoralization." 

It  seems  incredible  to  as  that  in  our  struggle,  not  more  to 
make  the  world  safe  for  democracy  than  to  make  it  safe  for 
decency,  the  work  done  by  the  relief  societies  should  not  have 
overwhelming  support  from  the  American  people.  How  can  any 
one  not  take  an  interest  in  the  American  Library  Association, 


for  instance,  which  has  collected  and  placed  more  than  three 
million  books  in  circulation  ;  an  association  which,  distributing 
the  magazines  contributed  by  the  public  through  the  Post 
Office  Department,  has  placed  more  than  five  miUion  copies  of 
periodicals  in  the  hands  of  our  forces.  Do  not  let  us  ioreet  that 
books  wear  out  very  quickly  under  the  hard  usage  obey  are 
getting,  and  that  our  men  will  need  increasing  numbers  of 
books  throughout  the  war. 

The  Outlook  has  recently  published  articles  on  the  "  Y " 
work,  on  that  of  the  Salvation  Army,  and  on  that  of  the  A.  L.  A. 
It  wishes  also  to  draw  attention  to  that  of  the  National  Catiiolic 
War  Council,  covering  the  Knights  of  Columbus  and  other 
war  welfare  activities,  for  in  Catholic  France  these  activities 
are  specially  welcome.  Marslull  Foch  extended  special  greet- 
ings to  the  K.  of  C.  The  "K's"  have  nearly  five  hundred 
secretaries  in  American  training  camps;  they  have  con- 
structed one  hundred  and  fifty  buildings ;  they  are  building 
fifty  more,  and  have  let  contracts  for  another  fifty.  In  France 
there  are  ^et  more  secretaries ;  and  it  u  expected  that  their 
number  will  shortly  reach  a  thousand.  Mr.  Raymond  Fosdick, 
Chairman  of  the  War  and  Navy  Departments  Commissions  on 
Training  Camp  Activities,  says  of  the  work :  "  I  know  that  it 
is  conducive  to  the  best  morale  among  our  men." 

The  Jewish  Welfare  Board  work  is  not  known  as  it  should 
be.  And  yet  it  is  helping  the  United  States  Government  to 
build  up  the  morale  of  more  than  a  hundred  thousand  Jewish 
men  in  the  Army  and  Navy.  It  represents  a  dozen  Jewish  organi- 
zations. It  sends  trained  workers  to  the  various  stations  to 
provide  for  the  recreational  and  spiritual  needs  of  all  the  men 
m  uniform ;  its  "  huts  "  are  like  the  "  Y  "  huts,  save  that  the 
library  is  sure  to  have  Yiddish  and  Hebrew  literature  in  addi- 
tion to  English  ;  it  also  conducts  religious  services  on  Friday 
evenings  and  distributes  Jewish  religious  literature.  It  has 
more  than  two  hundred  workers  in  the  camps  and  maintains 
about  fifty  buildings.  It  thus  does  not  duplicate  the  work  of 
any  other  welfare  organization.  Its  most  distinctive  feature  is, 
as  Dr.  Mott  says,  "  safeguarding  and  developing  all  the  relig- 
ious life  and  conviction  of  your  men."  This  cannot  be  done  by 
any.  other  organization.  The  recent  conquest  of  Palestine  gives 
special  inspiration  to  this  work. 

As  to  the  War  Camp  Community  Service,  Mr.  Fosdick  deems 
it  most  distinctive  of  all  the  seven  activities.  It  consists  of  work 
done  in  communities  close  to  the  camps.  It  means  a  good-by  to 
saloons  and  disreputable  places  and  the  substitution  therefor  of 
another  kind  of  hospitality.  A  member  of  The  Outlook's  staff  at 
New  Rochelle,  New  York,  tells  us  of  the  War  Camp  Community 
Service  there,  a  type  of  the  rest  It  took  over  a  local  Y.  M.  C.  A. 
building,  a  large  four-story  structure  equipped  with  bowling 
alleys,  billiard-tables,  shower-baths  and  gymnasiums,  reading, 
library,  and  sleeping  accommodations  for  upwards  of  a  hundred 
men.  In  one  month  alone  last  summer  over  three  thousand  men 
were  fed  in  the  canteen  there  and  about  the  same  number  slept 
in  the  dormitories.  A  charge  of  twenty-five  cents  a  night  is 
made  for  a  bed.  When  the  soldier  or  sailor  is  without  means,  he 
is  given  the  bed  for'nothing.  Saturday  night  dances,  properly 
chaperoned,  were  b^fun  in  the  large  gymnasium,  and  proved  so 
popular  that  it  became  necessary  to  give  Tuesday  night  dances 
also.  No  man  in  civilian  dress  was  admitted.  Ice-cream  and 
cake  were  served  free  because  the  soldiers'  and  sailors'  pay  does 
not  allow  them  any  great  amount  of  spending  money,  and,  were 
they  obliged  to  pay  for  refreshments  and  unable  to  do  so,  they 
would,  on  account  of  pride,  be  unwilling  to  ask  the  girls  to 
dance  with  them  if  they  could  not  treat  them  to  ice-cream.  As 
to  the  every-day  work,  the  Community  Service  is  a  clearing- 
house for  relatives  of  the  enlisted  man  who  are  trying  to  locate 
him,  and  for  the  enlisted  man  himself  who  wants  the  ordinary 
privil^es  of  a  club. 

Think  of  the  privilege  of  backing  up  this  work  as  the  seven 
agencies  are  doing ;  and  then  do  you  back  up  the  agencies  I 


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THE  BALKAN  QUESTION 

THE    ASPIRATIONS    OF    OUR   GREEK   ALLIES 

in  its  issae  of  October  2  The  Outlook  gave  the  Ramanian  point  of  view  of  the  Balkan  qaestion ;  it  will  in  an  early  issne  give  the  Montene- 
grin point  of  view ;  it  is  glad  to  have  this  opportonily  of  giving  the  Greek  point  of  view. — ^Thk  Eoitobs. 


FOLLOWING  what  has  become  the  well-established 
custom  of  the  Allied  nations  in  sending  missions  or  au- 
thoritative representatives  to  this  country,  the  Greek 
people  are  now  represented  in  the  United  States  by  two  Greek 
gentlemen,  Mr.  Nicholas  George  Kyriakides  and  Mr.  Christo 
Vassilakaki.  Mr.  Kyriakides,  a  prominent  and  widely  known 
shipowner  of  Greece,  is  President  of  the  Central  Committee  of 
Unredeemed  Greeks,  with  headquarters  at  Athens.  The  object 
of  this  Committee  is  to  create  public  opinion  throughout  the 
world  and  to  arrange  the  details,  so  far  as  they  may  at  present 
be  arranged,  for  the  union  in  some  form  or  other  of  all  those 
populations  in  the  Balkan  Peninsula  and  Asia  Minor  which 
manifest  a  Greek  national  consciousness.  Mr.  Kyriakides  is  a 
graduate  of  Robert  College,  and  is  therefore  not  only  familiar 
with  Greek  and  Oriental  culture,  but  with  the  spirit  of  Amer- 
icanism. Mr.  Vassilakaki  is  a  member  at  present  of  the  Greek 
Parliament.  Mr.  Kyriakides  was  bom  on  the  island  of  Mar- 
mora, Mr.  Vassilakaki  at  Smyrna. 

At  our  request  Mr.  Kyriakides  has  made  the  following  state- 
ment with  r^^ard  to  the  purposes  and  objects  of  the  Greek 
Mission  to  this  country : 

"  The  object  of  our  visit  to  this  most  hospitable  and  liberal 
country  is  to  enlighten  the  public  and  even  the  Grovemment  on 
our  undeniable  rights  in  Thrace  and  Asia  Minor,  and  to  bring 
to  the  knowledge  of  the  people  and  even  of  the  Government 
the  sufferings  and  misery  of  our  brethren  in  those  lands  where 
they  have  always  cidtivated  such  a  lofty  civilization.  In  the 
meantime  our  rights  in  those  lands  are  recognized  by  the  Allied 
countries. 

"  Our  rights  to  those  lands  are  national,  ethnological,  social, 
and  political,  having  their  roots  in  immemorial  tmies.  They 
emanate  from  and  are  strengthened  by  the  blood  of  thousands 
and  thousands  of  martyrs  who  have  fought  for  the  defense  of 
their  mother  country.  Our  rights  can  be  determined  also  by  the 
pre-war  period  of  the  Greek  national  consciousness  of  the 
people.  In  trade,  both  import  and  export,  as  well  as  in  finance, 
the  Greeks  in  Thrace  and  Asia  Minor  have  had  a  most  promi- 
nent and  leading  position ;  in  &ct,  the  Greeks  for  centuries 
have  been  the  bcmkers  of  Turkey. 

"  Literature,  phikieophy,  fine  arts,  education,  and  science 
find  their  best  promoters  in  the  Greek  element  in  Thrace  and 
Asia  Minor.  The  intellectual  and  moral  influence  of  the  Greeks 
may  be  indicated  by  some  simple  facts  about,  their  system  of 
education. 

"  There  are  two  national  educational  institutions  in  the 
Balkan  Peninsula  which  deserve  the  name  of  university — the 
University  of  Athens  and  the  Rumanian  University  at  Bucha- 
rest. Of  these  two  the  University  of  Athens  will  be  acknowl- 
edged by  aD  as  the  leader,  owing  perhaps  to  its  historical,  artis- 
tic, and  archaeological  associations.  In  peace  times  there  are 
several  thousand  students  at  the  University  of  Athens  and  a 
Faculty  which  includes  men  of  European  reputation. 

**  In  Constantinople  in  the  pre-war  period  there  were  262 
Greek  sotxx^  with  940  teachers  and  86,900  students  annually. 

"  In  Thrace  there  were  660  Greek  schools,  926  teachers,  and 
48,000  students  annually, 

"  In  Asia' Minor  there  were  2,280  Greek  schools,  6,143  teach- 
ers, and  207,000  students  annually. 

"All  these  institutions  were  maintained  by  the  voluntary 
contributions  of  the  Greek  people  themselves. 

"  The  American  people  are  familiar  with  and  have  nobly 
protested  against  Turkish  atrocities  committed  upon  the  Ar- 
menians, but  they  apparently  are  not  aware  of  similar  atrocities 
and  even  worse  visited  upon  the  Greeks.  This  is  doubtless  ex- 
plained by  the  fact  that  the  Greeks  have  never  desired  to  come 
over  to  tlus  country  and  make  known  their  sufferings  and  their 
)ierseoutions.  But  the  idea  ripened,  and  we  have  now  decided 
to  bring  to  the  knowledge  of  the  people  our  sufferings. 


'*  After  the  Balkan  War  and  the  conclusion  of  peace  between 
Greece  and  Turkey  the  Young  Turks,  in  order  to  revenge  iimt 
defeat  by  the  Balkan  States,  ruthlessly  and  most  tragically 
expelled  from  Thrace  and  Asia  Minor  500,000  Greeks,  without 
allowing  them  to  take  with  them  any  of  their  property.  How 
do  the  American  people  like  this  ?  The  property  of  tiiese  un- 
fortunate beings  was  requisitioned  and  confiscated  by  the 
Turks.  They  took  refuge  in  Greece,  in  the  islands  of  LesboB, 
Samos,  and  Chios,  and  in  the  Grecian  mainland.  Under  Prime 
Minister  Venizelos  the  Greek  Government  has  been  spendiog 
about  three  million  dollars  annually  to  maintain  these  refugees. 

"  A  litde  while  after  Turkey  decided  to  fight  against  the 
Allies  as  an  ally  of  Germany  one  million  Greeks  from  the 
northern  part  of  the  Black  Sea  district  of  Asia  Minor,  where 
the  Greeks  are  dwelling  in  large  ntunbers,  from  the  Bosphoras. 
from  the  Island  of  Marmora,  from  the  littoral  of  the  Sea  of 
Marmora,  and  from  the  Asiatic  and  European  shores  of  the 
Dardanelles,  were  deported,  in  violation  of  all  human  laws  and 
individual  rights,  into  the  interior  of  Asia  Minor,  there  to  liod 
certain  death.  These  unfortunate  being's  are  dying  slowly  and 
hopelessly  from  disease,  such  as  typhus,  from  the  exhaustioa  of 
long  marches  day  and  night,  from  premeditated  and  calculated 
starvation,  and  from  slaughter,  massacres,  and  tortures.  The 
young  men  are  recruited  by  force  into  the  Turkish  army,  and 
there  are  kept  at  hard  labor,  with  a  slice  of  bread  daily,  meidy 
sufficient  to  drag  life  along  until  the  sufferer  dies  from  exhaas- 
tion  or  starvation. 

"  The  whole  Christian  population  is  scattered  among  die 
Moslems.  -  Fathers  and  mothers,  brothers  and  sisters,  are  sepa- 
rated from  each  other.  About  four  hundred  thousand  Gre«b 
in  Thrace  and  Asia  Minor  have  already  died  from  this  kind  of 
treatment  under  the  Turkish  heel. 

"  It  is  such  conditions  as  these  that  have  led  the  Central  Com- 
mittee of  Unredeemed  Greeks  to  send  me  and  my  colleague, 
Mr.  Vassilakaki,  to  this  coimtry. 

"  The  United  States,  owing  to  its  disinterestedness,  influence, 
greatness,  and  self-sacrifice,  will  occupy  a  unique  position  at  die 
tribunal  of  humanity  which  will  establish  peace  after  the  wat. 
We  sincerely  hope  and  believe  it  will  not  forget  the  caose  of 
the  Unredeemed  Greeks." 

No  American  can  read  Mr.  Kyriakides's  eloquent  statemat 
without  believing  that  the  Balkan  question  cannot  be  either 
finally  or  righteously  settied  unless  the  Greek  claims  are  jusdj 
satisfied. 

There  are  two  solutions  of  the  Greek  problem,  either  of 
which  might  satisfy  the  Greek  people. 

The  first  is  that  tihe  northwestern  part  of  Asia  Minor,  bonnded 
by  the  .^Igean,  the  Dardanelles,  and  the  Sea  of  Marmora,  be 
recognizee  as  Greek  and  be  affiliated  with  a  Jewish  Palestine, 
with  an  Arabian  Syria,  wth  an  Armenian  province,  in  a  federa- 
tion with  local  self-government,  something  like  the  Swiss  Fed- 
eration, whose  safety  in  foreign  affairs  shall  be  gfuaranteed  bj 
the  Allied  Powers.  In  such  a  federation  there  might  also  be 
another  province  formed  of  the  Greeks  who  live  in  large  numbeis 
along  the  southern  shores  of  the  Black  Sea. 

The  second  solution,  which  Greek  statesmen  with  prartiiii 
unanimity  regard  as  the  most  desirable,  is  the  addition  of 
Thrace,  of  the  strip  of  Bulgaria  on  the  ^gean,  which  forms  an 
access  to  Thrace,  of  the  northwestern  part  of  Asia  Minor,  aw) 
of  the  islands  in  the  ^Egean  and  the  Sea  of  Marmora,  which  are 
exclusively  inhabited  by  Greeks,  to  the  territorial  Govemnient 
of  Greece  itself.  The  Greeks  wotdd  imdoubtedly  prefer  the 
second  plan.  There  are  about  three  and  a  half  million  Greeb 
in  Thrace  and  Asia  Minor,  excluding  the  twelve  islands  w 
imder  Italian  control  and  known  as  Dodecanese,  derived  from 
the  Greek  words  dodeca,  meaning  twelve,  and  nesos,  meaning 
island.  If' this  plan  were  adopted,  it  would  necessarily  involw. 
first,  the  nationalization  and  freedom  of  the  Dardanelles,  the  Si« 


3*H 


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of  Marmora,  and  the  Boaphorus,  |;iTiiig  all  the  peoples  on  the 
Black  ^ea  free  access  to  tne  Meiditerranean  and  the  Atlantic ; 
and,  second,  the  eatabliahment  of  Constantinople  as  a  self- 
governing  city  protected  by  some  kind  of  an  international  agree- 
ment, but  with  the  inhabitants  themselves  forming  their  own 
monicipal  government  and  administrating  their  own  city.  The 
principle  wnich  might  govern  the  free  straits  between  the  Black 
Sea  and  the  ^gean  is  already  established  in  the  administration 
of  the  Danube  from  the  Black  Sea  to  Braila.  The  navigation 
here  is  open  to  all  the  world  under  the  general  direction  of  an 


international  oomipission  which  is  called  the  European  Com- 
mission of  the  Danube.  Its  chairmanship  rotates  from  year 
to  year,  and  this  commission  has  full  control  of  police,  navi- 
gation, improvements,  and  in  general  of  keeping,  the  river 
navigable. 

Readers  of  the  Balkan  discussions  should  always  remember 
that  each  Balkan  state  will  put  its  maximum  desires  before 
the  American  people  at  this  time.  It  is  obvious  that  with  each 
state  desiring  the  maximum  of  territory  there. must  be  some 
compromise  m  the  final  settiement. 


MAKING  AMERICA  SAFE  FOR  AUTOCRACY 

AN    OPEN    LETTER    ON   THE    PRESIDENT'S    CONGRESSIONAL   APPEAL 


g  J  You  ask  me  why  I  am  indignant  at  the  President's 
^ — ^  ajppeal  to  the  country  to  elect  a  Democratic  Senate,  and 
House  of  Representatives;  whether  I  do  not  recognize  the 
superb  achievements  of  the  American  Army  and  Navy  in  the 
war ;  and  whether  I  ought  not  to  be  wi]lin|^,  therefore,  to 
follow  the  President  without  question  in  all  hia  requests  and 
jiolicies. 

I  certainly  do  hail  with  joy  and  pride  the  superb  character 
and  deeds  of  the  American  Army  and  Navy  and  the  unpar- 
aUeled  support  which  the  American  people  have  given  their 
'  fighting  sons.  If  you  will  review  the  events  of  the  past  four 
years,  I  think  you  will  be  struck  by  the.  fact  that  the  criticisms, 
questionings,  and  discussions  in  tms  country  have  had  nothing 
whatever  to  do  with  the  military  operations,  but  have  been 
wholly  restricted  to  the  political  aspects  of  President  Wilson's 
course  in  the  war.  Nobody  has  as  much  as  suggested  that  Per- 
shing and  his  w<niderful  Army  should  be  sent  to  the  Balkans  or 
to  Mesopotamia  instead  of  tiie  western  front ;  or  t^t  they 
should  be  brigaded  separately  instead  of  with  the  French  or  the 
English ;  or  uiat  the  American  Navy  should  act  independently 
nn«Mr  its  own  Admiral  instead  of  merging  itself  with  toe  British 
navy  and  taking  orders  from  the  British  Admiralty. 

In  other  words,  the  country  without  question  has  left  the  mil- 
itary operations  of  the  war  soldhr  to  the  Commander-in-Chief. 
And  tbis  is  as  it  should  be.  The  commander-in-chief  of  an 
army  is  an  expert.  He  must  be  left  in  absolute  control  of  the 
strategical  and  other  military  operations  of  tiie  war,  re^[arding 
which  he  will  consult,  not  with  the  citizens,  but  with  his  Gen- 
eral Staff.  But  if  he  also  undertakes  to  control  all  the  political 
questions  of  the  war,  without  on  the  one  hand  giving  the  facts 
fully  to  the  people,  or  on  the  other  hand  responding  to  their 
views  expre^ed  through  their  duly  elected  representatives,  he 
becomes  a  dictator.  This  is  what  has  happened  to  Germany.  The 
Prussian  Kaiser  and  his  General  Staff  have  not  only  conducted 
the  military  operations  of  the  war,  (is  thev  had  a  right  to  do, 
but  they  have  misinformed  the  people,  refused  to  let  them  have 
ail  the  facts,  and  have  endeavored  to  throttie,  stifle,  and  destroy 
their  self-expression. 

President  Wilson  has  said  in  a  memorable  phrase  that  the 
{^reat  war  is  a  struggle  "  to  make  the  world  safe  for  democ- 
racy." It  is  to  nmke  the  United  States  safe  for  democracy 
as  w«U   as  the  rest  of  the  world.   A  very  large  part  of  the 
American  people  distrusts  the  political  course  of  the  Presi- 
dent in  the  war,  because  it  sees  both  in  his  public  utterances 
and    in  his  political  acts  indications  of  the  spirit  of  dictator- 
ship— not  military  dictatorship,  but  intellectual  dictatorship. 
It   18  a  growing  resentment  against  this  intellectual  dictator- 
siiip   that  has  culminated  in   the  indignation  created  by  his 
appeal  for  a  Democratic  Congp^ess.   Many  of  the  American 
]MX>ple  feel  that  the  President  looks  upon  them  as  a  college 
president  looks  upon  a  body  of  undergraduates — a  fine  body^of 
course*  sometimes  to  be  humored,  sometimes  to  be  rejoiced  with, 
sometimes  to  be  encouraged  and  cheered  on  in  their  activities, 
but  w^hen  a  crisis  comes  to  be  told  exactiy  what  they  may  do 
and  what  they  may  not  do. 

Xbe    American   people  are  not  a  body  of  undergraduates, 
an. I  tbey  do  not  propose  to  be  treated  as  if  they  were.   They 


have  yielded  their  customary  rights  and  privileges  in  this  war 
with  a  unanimity  and  cheerfulness  that  have  aroused  the  ad- 
miration and  wonder  of  Europe.  They  have  given  up  their  coal, 
their  gasoline,  their  bread,  their  sugar,  their  meat,  tiheir  rail- 
ways, voluntarily  and  with  scarcdy  a  murmur  in  order  that  the 
people  of  Europe  may  be  saved.  But  they  will  not  give  up  their 
right  to  think,  to  discuss,  and  to  express  their  opinion,  and  this 
is  exactiy  what  the  President  wants  them  to  do,  or  at  least 
seems  to  want  them  to  do.  At  the  outbreak  of  the  war  in 
August,  1914,  the  President  said : 

The  United  States  most  be  neatral  in  thought  as  well  as  in 
name  daring  these  days  that  are  to  try  men's  souls.  We  must 
be  impartiu  in  thouffht  as  well  as  in  action,  most  pat  a  curb 
npon  our  sentiments  as  well  as  upon  every  transaction  that 
miffht  be  construed  as  a  preference  of  one  party  to  the  straggle 
before  another. 

In  those  days  of  neutrality,  which  were  bitter  and  shameful 
to  some  of  us,  we  agreed  that  the  President  was  right  as  to 
neutral  action,  but  we  did  not  agree  that  the  President  was  right 
in  telling  us  to  be  neutral  in  thought  and  in  sentiment.  He 
virttudly  asked  us  to  abdicate  our  positions  of  citizens  in  a  free 
and  enlightened  Republic  and  let  him  do  our  thinking  for  us. 

In  an  appeal,  dated  October  14  of  this  year,  which  he  issued 
in  support  of  the  Fourth  Liberty  Loan,  he  said : 

I  earnestly  request  every  patriotic  American  to  leave  to  the 
Government  of  the  United  States  and  of  the  Allies  the  momen- 
tous discussions  initiated  by  Grermany. 

In  other  words,  the  President  is  of  the  opinion  that  the  sole 
function  of  the  people  of  the  United  States  is  to  pay  the  bills 
of  the  war  and  resign  the  entire  management  into  his  hands. 

On  October  25  he  issued  his  now  famous  appeal  to  the  free 
electors  of  the  country,  saying : 

If  you  have  approved  of  my  leadership  and  wish  me  to  con- 
tinue to  be  your  unerabarrassed  spokesman  in  affairs  at  home  and 
abroad,  I  earnestly  beg  that  yon  will  express  yourselves  unmis- 
takably to  that  effect  by  retumine  a  Democratic  majority  to 
both  the  Senate  and  the  House  of  Representatives.  .  .  . 

The  leaders  of  the  minority  in  the  present  Congress  have  been 
unquestionably  pro-war,  but  they  have  been  anti-Administra- 
tion. .  .  . 

Republican  leaders  desire  not  so  miich  to  support  the  Presi- 
dent as  to  control  him. 

That  is  to  say,  the  President  affirms  that  a  Republican  Con- 
gress would  be  pro-war  and  loyal  to  the  Nation,  but  he  asks  for 
a  Congress  that  will  be  primarily  loyal  to  him  and  will  legislate 
as  he  directs. 

The  President  tells  us  first  that  we  must  not  think,  and 
then  that  we  must  not  discuss,  and  now  that  we  must  not  legis- 
late. Through  Senator  Overman  an  Administration  bill,  ap- 
proved by  t£e  President,  has  been  introduced  into  the  Senate 
providing  for  the  appointment  of  a  commission  by  the  Presi- 
dent to  initiate  and  submit  to  Congress  the  legislation  connected 
with  the  period  of  reconstruction  at  home  and  abroad  which  will 
follow  the  establishment  of  peace.  The  Outiook  has  already 
pointed  out   the  dangers   of  giving  any  President  initiatory 

Eowers  in  legislation.    These  dangers  wQl  be  g^atly  enhanced 
y  giving  to  the  President,  in  addition,  a  Congress  wliich  can 


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THE   OUTLOOK 


be  molded  by  him  at  his  will  for  the  purpose  of  enacting  legisla- 
tion which  he  himself  initiates. 

The  new  Congress  which  the  President  asks  for  is  not  likely 
to  be  a  war  Congress.  It  will  be  a  reoonstruction  Congress. 
It  is  disingenuous  to  appeal  to  the  country  on  the  ground  of 


war  patriotism  to  give  the  President  a  Congress  which  shall 
be  controlled  by  him  in  the  deep-lying  and  far-reaching  prob- 
lems of  peace.  What  we  want  is  an  w^erican  Congress,  not  a 
Presidential  Congress.  Li.  F.  A. 

New  York,  October  28,  1918. 


UNCONDITIONAL  SURRENDER! 

A   WORLD    SLOGAN— ITS    INCEPTION   AND    ITS    DEVELOPMENT 


ONE  day  in  July  last  three  Flint  men  sat  at  lunch  in  the 
Elks'  Temple  at  Flint,  Michigan.  One  of  them,  the 
father  of  a  boy  with  the  first  American  Expeditionary 
Force  to  Siberia  and  another  boy  with  the  American  Expedition- 
ary Forces  in  France,  remarked  to  the  others  that  there  was  a 
"  corking  good  editorial  "  in  the  current  issue  of  The  Outlook. 

It  was  captioned  "  Grermany  Still  Predatory,"  he  said,  and 
the  editor  closed  it  with  the  statement  that  the  only  terms  for 
a  peace  with  Germany  were  "  those  which  General  Grant  made 
immortal — Unconditional  surrender." 

A  second  member  of  the  party  had  just  finished  reading  the 
same  editoriaL  A  discussion  followed.  The  father  of  the  two 
soldiers  said  that  the  sentiment  for  an  Unconditional  Surrender 
should  be  crystallized  through  an  organization  of  some  sort. 

The  editorial  referred  to  appeared  in  The  Outlook  in  the 
issue  of  July  24.  On  Saturday,  July  27,  ei^t  Flint  men  met 
bjr  appointment  for  luncheon  at  the  Elks'  Temple  in  Flint. 
They  formed  "Thei  Unconditional  Surrender  Club  of  the 
United  States  of  America,"  with  the  father  of  the  two  soldiers 
as  the  temporary  chairman  of  the  organization.  They  deter- 
mined that  the  organization  should  have  *'  no  dues,  no  initiation 
fe^  no  duties  except  good  citizenship,  and  loyalty,  and  patriot- 
ism," but  that  each  member  should  be  required  to  sign  this 
pledge: 

As  a  member  of  the  Unconditional  Surrender  Club  of  the 
United  States  of  America, 

I  pledffe  my  undying  fealty  to  the  United  States  GoTernment ; 

I  ple<U[e  my  unfailing  support  to  oar  soldier  boys  who  are 
fighting  the  common  enemy  ; 

I  please  myself  and  all  that  I  possess  to  the  cause  of  winning 
the  war,  if  that  be  necessary  ; 

I  pledge  myself  to  make  hny  and  whatever  sacrifices  I  may 
be  called  upon  to  tnake,  to  the  end  that  the  Central  Powers  Tnay 
be  brought  to  realize  that  only  an 

UKCOm^ITIONAL  SURRENDER 

will  be  oMeptaile  to  me  and  to  my  country,  the  United  States 
ofAmeiriea. 

(Signed) 

That  was  the  beginning.  Developments  followed  rapidly. 
Here  they  are,  in  chronological  order : 

Jtdy  29.  Information  regarding  the  formation  of  the  Club, 
together  with  the  membership  pledge,  in  coupon  form,  given  to 
the  public  through  the  Flint  "  Daily  Journal." 

July  30.  An  avalanche  of  mail,  with  signed  pledge  coupons, 
indorsements,  letters  of  appreciation  and  encouragement,  arrived 
at  the  office  of  the  Flint  "  Daily  Journal."  The  eight  founders 
of  the  Club  signed  articles  of  association  for  incorporation  as  a 
National  organization,  under  the  laws  of  the  State  of  Michigan. 

Au^st  2.  Articles  of  association  filed  with  the  Secretary  of 
State  m  the  State  Capitol,  at  Lansing,  Michigan.  The  Uncon- 
ditional Surrender  Club  indorsed  unanimously  by  the  Flint 
Rotary  Club ;  by  Charles  S.  Mott,  Flint's  millionaire  Mayor ; 
by  F.  A.  Aldrich,  president,  and  D.  A.  Reed,  managing  director, 
of  the  Flint  Board  of  Commerce. 

August  6.  A  constitution  and  by-laws  were  adopted,  the  eight 
founders  of  the  organization  constituting  themselves  a  National 
Board  and  electing  National  officers.  Dwight  T.  Stone,  the 
"  father  of  the  Flint  Board  of  Commerce,"  who  has  a  son  in 
Siberia  and  another  in  France,  was  elected  National  President. 
Insignia  for  the  organization  were  approved,  and  a  plan 
adopted  to  finance  the  movement  entirely  through  [the  sale  of 
Club  buttons  bearing  the  insignia,  the  buttons  to  be  sold  at  a 
maximum  price  of  five  cents  eaoh  to  Club  members,  and  only 


to  such  members  as  desired  them.  The  charter  for  Flint  Unit 
No.  1,  Unconditional  Surrender  Club,  was  authorized,  witli  tie 
appointment  of  S.  S.  Stewart,  Flint  manufacturer,  as  chaimuui 
of  the  unit.  The  membership  pledges  of  twelve  thousand  pe^ 
sons  in  Flint  turned  over  to  the  officers  of  the  local  unit. 

August  8.  The  Flint  Kiwania  Club  passed  resolutions  urging 
every  Kiwanis  organization  in  the  country  to  promote  member- 
ships and  the  formation  of  local  units  of  the  Unconditional  Sur- 
render Club,  every  member  of  the  local  otganization  going  on 
record  for  an  unconditional  surrender. 

August  15.  The  pledge  of  the  Unconditional  Surrender  Gub 
was  printed  simultaneously  in  hundreds  of  newspapers  throng 
out  the  country,  through  the  co-operation  of  the  Newspaper  En- 
terprise Association,  a  feature  service  S3mdicate  for  newspapen. 

August  20.  A  pledge  for  the  Dominion  of  Canada,  icfentical 
in  its  principles  with  the  original  pledge,  was  put  into  circnlation 
in  the  Dominion,  with  the  indorsement  of  a  number  of  Canadian 
newspapers  and  at  the  earnest  solicitation  of  a  number  of  inflo- 
ential  Canadians. 

September  6.  A  charter  granted  to  Jjuieau  Unit  No.  12  at 
Juneau,  Alaska,  with  thirty  charter  members,  pledged  to  make 
Alaska  one  hundred  per  cent  for  an  unconditional  surrender. 

To-day  the  Unconditional  Surrender  Club,  with  a  National 
office  equipped  by  the  Flint  Board  of  Commerce,  following  die 
unanimous  action  of  that  organization,  has  a  membership  of 
considerably  more  than  three  hundred  thousand,  scattered  o?er 
every  State  in  the  Union,  Alaska,  Porto  Rico,  Cuba,  three 

frovinces  of  Canada,  and  among  the  American  Expeditionary 
orces  in  Europe  and  the  Orient. 

It  has  thriving  units  in  more  than  fifty  cities  in  twenty-five 
States,  and  units  in  the  process  of  formation  in  one  hundred 
and  fifty  other  cities  and  towns. 

It  has  played  its  part  in  the  success  of  the  Fourth  Liberty 
Loan,  its  mfluence  helping  Bay  City,  Michigan,  and  Flint  t» 
oversubscribe  their  quotas  each  by  more  than  a  million  dollars, 
and  each  accomplislung  this  by  voluntary  snbscriptioiu  in  the 
first  two  days  of  the  campaign. 

It  has  popularized  the  slogan  "Unconditional  Surrender" 
until  it  is  on  the  lipe  of  every  man,  woman,  and  child  in  Amer- 
ica and  throughout  Allied  lands,  though  millions  of  these  people 
may  never  have  heard  of  the  existence  of  the  Club. 

The  officers  of  the  Unconditional  Surrender  Club  have 
searched  high  and  low  for  any  reference  to  "  nnotmditioiul 
surrender  "  as  applied  to  the  present  world  conflict  t^at  miglit 
have  appeared  in  public  print  anywhere  previous  to  July  27,  last. 

The  only  such  reference  that  it  has  succeeded  in  finding  w» 
that  contained  in  the  editorial  of  The  Outlook  on  July  *21. 
which  supplied  the  idea  for  the  formation  of  the  Club.  There 
may  have  been  other  printed  reference  to  it  somewherct,  but  the 
most  careful  search  by  press-clipping  bureaus  and  personal 
research  has  failed  to  bring  it  to  light. 

The  Unconditional  Surrender  Club,  therefore,  does  not  hea- 
tate  to  take  the  fidl  credit  for  popularizing  the  present  senti- 
ment for  an  unconditional  surrender,  but  the  founders  of  tb- 
Unconditional  Surrender  Club  concede  to  the  editor  of  Tbf 
Outlook  the  honor  that  is  his  due  in  supplying  them  with  the 
idea  for  the  Club,  and  with  being  the  first  man  in  America  ar 
in  Allied  countries  to  give  printra  expression  to  the  c<Miditioa« 
of  peace  that  the  Kaiser  and  all  of  lus  horde  of  Prnssian  and 
Prussianized  satellites  must  accede  to  before  we  may  ari» 
en  7nas,te  and  shout  gleefully,  "  The  war  b  over ;  long  liw 
democracy  1"  Mtubs  F.  Braolet. 

Flint,  Michigan,  October  12, 1918. 


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A  LETTER  FROM  A  RUSSIAN  WHO  KNOWS  RUSSIA  TO 
AN  AMERICAN   WHO  ALSO   KNOWS  RUSSIA 

Tlie  Noipient  of  this  letter  ve  know  very  well ;  the  writer  and  his  standing  and  achievements  we  know  about  The  letter  fell  onder  our 
observation,  and  we  asked  permission  to  print  it,  as  it  throws  clear  lig^t  on  one  of  the  perplexing  problems  of  the  war. — ^The  Editoks. 

EAR  MR. ;  have  the  chance  to  say  that  no  order  is  possible  in  Russia  out- 

side of  the  Bolsheviki,  and  that  there  is  no  use  in  trying  to  do 
anything.  A  most  frightful  situation  I 

And  the  question  arises — Why?  The  answer  is  simple. 
Washington  has  got  into  its  head  the  idea  that  intervention  is 
wrong  and  ought  not  to  be  undertaken ;  that  it  was  a  mistake 
to  send  even  uie  few  troops  that  have  already  gone,  and  that 
the  Russians  must  do  everything  themselves.  And  there  you 
are !  This  fits  in  absolutely  with  what  Williams  and  Knox  say, 
as  you  will  have  noticed.  There  is  no  mistake  about  it.  It  also 
fits  in  with  the  trash  written  in  the  "  New  Republic,"  which,  to 
my  mind,  always  shows  from  which  side  the  wmd  is  blowing  in 
WashinKton.  As  you  probably  know,  the  "New  Repubfio" 
stands  tor  a  "  peace  of  justice "  or  a  n^;otiated  peace,  not  a 
peace  won  by  the  Allied  armies.  This  is  very  characteristic. 
Compare  the  date  of  the  President's  first  note  to  Germany  with 
the  issue  of  October  5.  I  don't  mean  to  say,  by  any  means,  that 
the  "  New  Republic  "  has  any  direct  influence ;  but  it  reflects 
very  well  the  trend  of  ideas  in  some  quarters.  I  do  not  say  that 
everything  is  lost,  but  mighty  much  has  gone  to  the  winds 
already. 

I  mil  grive  yon  another  example.  The  indoeed  brochure 
["  An  American  Policy  for  Russia,"  published  in  the  New  York 
"  Times  "  of  October  18]  was  prepaJred  by  the  American-Russian 
Chamber  of  Commerce  and  approved  by  the  Foreign  Relations 
Committee  of  the  United  States  Cluunber  of  Cx>mmeroe  in 
September.  It  had  the  support  of  the  main  mercantile  interests 
of  this  country,  and  it  embodies,  I  think,  a  very  moderate  pro- 
gramme. The  intention  was  to  send  it  out  to  the  press,  in  order 
to  eive  it  the  widest  possible  publicity.  You  would  not  believe 
it,  out  Washington  stopped  it.  Why?  Simply  because  they 
fdt  that  public  opinion  mie^t  oompd  them  to  do  something  for 
Russia.  How  about  that?  Whom  does  such  a  policy  help?  And 
how  must  we  Russians  fed  about  it? 

One  thing  I  am  very  glad  of,  and  that  is  the  sure  coming  of 
the  revolution  in  Germany  which  is  already  well  started.  I  have 
always  hoped  that  Bolshevism  would  prove  a  booiperang  for 
Germany,  and  would  hit  those  who  first  made  use  of  such  a 
terrible  weapon.  I  am  quite  sure  that  one  of  the  reasons  why 
the  Germans  are  so  eager  to  get  peace  is  that  they  are  scared 
over  the  prospect  of  Bolshevism  and  revolution  at  home.  Well, 
they  deserve  this  punishment  more  than  anything  else — more 
even  than  humiliation — and  they  will  get  it !  I  don^t  think  any> 
thing  can  help  them  now — not  even  the  good  wishes  of  the 
«  New  Republic." 

There  is  a  great  and  sincere  desire  on  the  part  of  a  majority 
of  Americans  to  help  Russia,  but  all  this  feeling  goes  to  waste. 
Now  Japan  also  holds  back,  but  only  on  account  of  the  American 
policy.*  The  Japanese  rightly  feel  that  the  work  in  Russia 
(that  is,  intervention)  is  looked  at  in  Washington  as  somewhat 
sordid,  and  consequently  they  do  not  see  any  reason  for  under- 
taking it.  They  have  stopped  the  movement  of  their  troops 
westirard  and  don't  want  to  advance  farther.  They  cannot  do 
anything  without  the  cordial  support  of  the  United  States. 

Could  not  the  press,  especially  in  New  York,  be  roused  to 
the  necessity  for  help  ?  Perhaps  in  this  way  opposition  might 
be  killed.  Public  opinion  and  the  newspapers — especially  the 
l&tter — have  a  decided  influence  in  Washington,  as  was  recently 
seen  in  the  answer  to  Germany. 

Very  truly  yours, 


I  write  to  tell  you  how  terrible  it  seems  to  us  that  the 
United  States  does  not  effectively  hdp  our  country.  Did 
yon  read  the  artides  about  Russia  in  the  "  Times  "  of  the  16th  ? 
One  was  written  by  Harold  Williams  and  the  other  by  the 
"Times"  correspondent  in  Vladivostok  after  having  had  an 
interview  with  General  Knox.*  They  are  absolutdy  right !  It 
is  Washington  that  holds  back  the  aid  so  needed  by  my  unfor- 
tunate country ;  the  other  Allies  are  ready  to  push  on.  Think 
of  how  matters  would  have  stood  if  Washington  had  heeded 
our  advice  and  the  counsel  of  the  Allies  last  July,  when  matters 
in  Washington  were  so  energetically  pushed.  If  preparations 
had  been  started  then,  surdy  some  troops — I  mean  contingents 
of  importance — would  have  been  in  Siberia  before  September, 
and  by  now  they  would  be  moving  toward  the  Urals.  Think  of 
the  state  of  mind  of  the  Germans  then  I  Before  this  time  they 
would  have  seen  that  their  last  hope — the  hope  of  eiroloiting 
the  East,  and  especially  Russia — was  crumbling  down.  Perhaps 
throngh  Russia  we  might  have  delivered— and  just  now,  mind 
you — the  death-blow.  All  this  without  taking  into  account  the 
good  that  would  have  come  to  the  Russian  millions. 

In  July  the  argument  in  Washington  was  that  the  United 
States  could  not  spare  the  troops.  Not  much  was  asked  for — 
some  50,000  men,  or  one-fifth  .the  number  shipped  every  month 
to  France.  We  all  thbught  and  hoped  that  the  decision  was  only 
deferred,  and  that  things  would  be  set  right  a  little  later.  But 
time  slipped  past,  and  now  matters  are  as  hopeless  as  ever,  if 
not  worse. 

The  Russians  cannot,  set  up  a  Government  of  their  own  with- 
out outside  hdp.  This  was  told  your  people  long,  long  ago,  by 
all  Russians  who  had  an  opportvmit^  to  say  anything.  Now  that 
this  is  becoming  evident,  as  the  resiut  of  experience,  they  say  to 
us  in  Washington :  **  What  dreadful  people  the  Russians  are, 
to  continue  quarreling  instead  of  uniting  on  some  form  of  gov- 
ernment !"  But  the  ^missians  cannot  set  up  a  government  with- 
out some  backing  to  steady  them.  The  Ufa  Government '  is 
very  nice,  and  most  hopeful ;  but  if  hdp  be  not  forthcoming, 
in  the  nearest  future,  it  will  be  hard  pressed  by  the  Grerman- 
Bolshevik  forces,  and  will  finally  lose  its  prestige  with  the 
people.  How,  then,  can  it  rule  ?  All  our  enemies  will  once  again 

>  Oenetal  Knox  U  Chief  of  the  British  Military  Miamon  to  eaatem  Siberia.  In 
the  iaterriew  to  which  reference  ia  made  he  aaid :  "  While  it  ia  impoarible  now  to 
reooaMmot  the  Roarian  front,  in  the  aense  of  a  eontinnona  line  of  trenohea  from 
th«  Baltic  to  the  Black  Sea,  I  think  the  Allied  fbroea  should  move  to  the  Urala. 
U  we  had  done  that  a  month  ago,  we  should  have  been  in  Moaeow  thia  winter. 
While  it  is  now  too  late  to  reach  that  city,  I  think  the  Allied  troopa  ahould 
adTaace,  to  show  the  Czechs  and  Russiana  that  we  really  intend  to  help.  .  .  .  The 
bi|f,  rich,  and  powerful  Allies  are  now  sitting  here  doing  nothing.  ,  .  .  There 
sfaioold  be  a  Ural  center  for  all  the  Allies.  Qerman  propagandists  are  now  going 
about  the  country  saying  the  Allies  do  not  intend  to  help  Rnasia ;  that  they  are 
staying  in  Vladivoatok.  When  the  Russians  and  Czechs  fail  to  see  the  Allies,  they 
beUeve  these  tales.  .  .  .  Kngland,  FVanoe,  and  Italy  agi«e  as  to  what  steps  should 
be  taken,  but,  unfortunately,  the  Alliea  are  not  solid.  .  .  .  They  [the)  Russian 
people]  are  capable  of  great  enthusiasm.  If  we  let  them  down,  <^r  pronusing 
help,  it  will  be  an  awful  thing." 

Uarold  Williams,  in  the  article  to  which  reference  ia  made,  aaid :  "  While  the 
d»ys  pass,  the  IBolsheriki  are  doing  their  utmost  to  make  the  regeneration  of 
Koana  impoasible.  They  are  killing  off  the  best  and  bravest.  They  are  trying  to 
daatioy  the  biain  of  new  Russia,  just  as  their  German  mastera  are  brutally  destroy- 
ioff.tbe  towns  in  France.  The  permanent  crippling  of  Russia'  is  one  of  Germany's 
chief  aima.  .  .  .  While  Germany  is  parleying,  we  must  redouble  our  militaiy 
effort,  not  only  in  the  west  but  in  the  east." — The  Bditobs. 

*  Ufa  is  a  town  in  eastern  Russia  near  the  Urals.  In  September  or  early  in 
Oetober,  1918,  representatives  of  the  Russian  people  (as  distingniahed  from  the 
BolaheTiki)  met  there,  in  national  assembly  made  a  declaration  of  principles  and  - 
aims,  and  set  op  a  national  Government  to  recover  the  reins  of  power  and  authority 
that  were  aisalud  by  the  Bolsheviki  from  the  Provisional  Government  of  1917. 
This  new  Provisiooal  Government  reprexents  the  Constituent  Assembly ;  the  tem- 
porary governments  and  the  zemstvus  of  i^iberia  and  the  Urals ;  the  province  of 
Eathonia ;  and  all  the  Ccasacks  in  both  European  Russia  and  Siberia,  It  has  the 
mipport  of  all  politioal  parties  except  the  monarchists  and  the  Bolsheviki. — Thk 

ElblTOBS. 


'  The  writer's  statement  that  the  Japanese  *'  cannot  do  anything  without  the 
cordial  support  of  the  United  States  "  is  precisely  in  accordance  with  the  state- 
ment made  by  Premier  Terauohi  to  The  Outlook's  representative  in  Japan  last 
spring.  The  Premier  then  said  to  our  staff  correspondent,  Hr.  Mason  :  "  In  case 
Japan  is  to  make  a  coKtperative  move  into  Siberia,  she  will  desire  every  possible 
assistance  yon  can  render.  The  material  and  financial  help  which  the  United 
States  can  afford  us  is  precisely  what  Japan  will  need. ' '  (The  Outlook,  May  1 ,  19 IH.) 
— TuK  KuiTOKS. 


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WHAT  SHALL  WE  DO   WITH  RUSSIA? 


BY   RICHARD    O.  ATKINSON 

Mr.  Atkinson  was  one  of  a  small  gronp  of  joving  men  sent,  at  the  request  of  the  Kerensky  Government  throogh  the  efforts  of  the  Boot 
Commission  and  under  the  auspices  of  the  International  Committee  of  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.,  to  die  Russian  front  to  establish  welfare  huts  for 
the  officers  and  soldiers ;  and  to  attempt  to  strengthen  the  dying  morale  of  the  Russian  army  by  offsetting,  as  ^r  as  possible,  the  Germui 
propaganda.  He  fought  against  the  destructive  work  of  German  agents  and  Bolshevik  agitators  until  the  day  of  the  final  German  advance. 
lOscapmg  to  Moscow,  he  saw  there,  as  he  had  seen  iii  Petrograd  and  other  cities,  the  terrible  effects  of  the  German-Bolshevik  combination 
of  interests.  In  Samara  and  in  Siberia  he  observed  the  progress  of  events,  and  studied  conditions  from  interviews  with  Russians,  Serbiaos, 
and  Czechoslovaks,  and  with  Germaii  and  Austrian  j>ri8oner8  who  infested  the  country.  Mr.  Atkinson  is  the  autiior  of  "  Watchbig  the 
Russian  Army  Die "  and  of "  Traveling  Through  Siberian  Chaos,"  which  appear  in  "  Harper's  ftlagazine  "  of  tiie  October  and  November 
issues  respectively. — The  Editors. 

RUSSIA  lias  never  been  popular  among  the  people  of  the 
Allied  countries  since  sne  became  politically  bankrupt 
and  went  out  of  the  war.  Bitterness  and  nonchalance 
have  found  expression  in  such  verdicts  as :  "She's  a  quitter ;  let 
her  take  the  consequences."  "  Leave  her  alone  until  after  the 
war ;  our  hands  are  too  full  at  present  to  pay  any  further  atten- 
tion to  her."  "  Fight  it  out  on  the  western  front,  and  then  it  will 
be  time  to  force  Germany  to  release  her  strangi.>hold  on  Russia." 
To  an  observant  traveler  in  the  East  all  of  these  sentiments 
appear  not  only  false  and  cowardly,  but  also  fraught  with  terri- 
ble danger  to  the  issues  at  stake  in  the  great  war  being  waged 
by  the  right-thinking  nations  of  the  earth  to^y.  Russia  must 
not  be  neglected  if  we  still  have  in  our  breasts  those  feelings  of 
sympathy  for  oppressed  and  suffering  peoples  with  whij;h  we 
entered  the  struggle  in  Euirope.  Russia  cannot  be  ignored  if 
we  expect  to  emerge  from  this  war  with  German  domination 
crushed. 

Our  Government,  in  conjunction  with  the  Allies,  has  made  a 
beginning.  American  t soldiers  are  fighting  in  Siberia  and  in 
northern  European  Russia.  A  few  men  have  gone  to  Vladivostok 
with  the  purpose  of  educating  the  mvzhika  (peasants)  of  eastern 
Siberia  regarding  the  true  aims  and  friendship  of  the  Allies. 
Our  engineers  are  at  work  improving  the  Trans-Siberian  Rail- 
road. The  Red  Cross  and  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  have  despatched 
reinforcements  to  back  up  the  work  already  establish^.  The 
Bureau  of  Public  Information  has  at  last  given  out  to  the  press 
conclusive  proof  that  the  Bolsheviki  were  deliberate  agents  of 
Germany  in  the  recent  betrayal  of  Russia. 

It  is  not  in  disparagement  of  these  efforts  that  this  article  is 
written,  but  to  lay  before  the  people  of  America  a  conservative 
statement  of  the  facts  concerning  the  sittiation  in  the  East,  in 
the  hope  that  those  who  read  may  be  influenced  to  use  their 
utmost  power  in  hastening  the  work  of  humanity  for  and  regen- 
eration of  the  most  needy  country  in  the  universe  at  the  present 
moment. 

It  has  been  part  of  Germany's  policy  for  decades  to  keep  us 
Ignorant  of  the  vast  possibilities  of  the  Russian  Empire.  Her 
wrriters  told  us  of  the  dreary  wastes  that  covered  Siberian  plains; 
of  the  frozen^  useless  regions  of  the  north ;  of  the  poverty  of 
resources  throughout  the  lands  of  the  broad  dominions  stretching 
across  two  continents.  With  what  success  she  waged  her  propa- 
ganda to  blind  our  eyes  is  best  judged  by  the  impressions  held 
to-day  by  the  average  American  about  that  country.  With  few 
exceptions,  American  and  English  business  men  kept  out  of 
Russia ;  our  knowledge  of  her  was  little  better  than  was  the 
lack  of  information^  or  the  misinformation,  on  the  part  of  the 
Russian  towards  us. 

All  the  while  Germany  was  claiming  Russia  as  her  own. 
German  hordes  swept  over  the  country  and  settled  by  the  him- 
dreds  of  thousands.  They  planted  colonies  in  many  of  the 
choicest  sections  of  the  land :  along  the  great  river  basins,  in  the 
rich  provinces  of  the  Baltic,  and  down  by  the  great  seas  of  the 
south.  There  they  lived  as  loyal  subjects  of  the  Kaiser,  serving 
German  interests  only,  retaining  their  native  tongue,  and  insist- 
ing upon  German  customs  and  privileges.  They  secured  control 
of  the  inner  circles  of  the  Court,  and  their  oflScers  held  the  high- 
est ranks  in  the  Russian  army  and  navy.  German  became  the 
official  trade  language.  Everywhere  that  Russian  grain  was 
growing  there  was  a  German  agent  waiting  to  buy  the  crop  in 
exchange  for  merchandise  of  every  description.  When  Russian 
factories  opened,  Germany  lowered  her  prices  and  in  the 
najority  of  cases  .drove  them  out  of  business.  She  exploited 
s-y. 


Russia's  mines,  her  farm  lands,  her  waterways,  and  her  fishing- 
grounds. 

Then,  through  some  strange  process,  came  the  war,  and  Ger 
man  influence  was  considerably  checked.  True,  the  Czar's 
German  advisers  remained  to  plot  and  to  destroy  all  hopes  of 
final  victory  by  the  Russian  troops.  But  the  use  of  the  German 
language  was  forbidden,  German  officials  were  replaced  wher- 
ever t^e  power  lay  with  local  authorities,  and  the  country 
gladly  suffered  and  bled  that  the  grasp  of  the  Hun  might  be 
removed  from  the  throat  of  the  Holy  Empire.  The  Revotntion 
itself  came  as  a  protest  against  the  threatened  betrayal  of  the 
cause  by  the  German  members  of  the  bureaucracy  in  Petrograd. 

There,  again,  was  the  opportunity  for  the  Allies.  Conditaons 
were  ripe  for  financial,  industrial,  and  military  backing,  huUt 
■upon  a  thorough  campaign  coeducation  regarding  the  Alliet 
and  their  aims  in  the  world  war.  ■  The  first  was  given  ;  the 
third  was  attempted  by  the  British  and  French  in  a  small  way. 
But  without  the  necessary  education  all  dse  was  worse  than 
useless :  it  was  giving  aid  only  to  the  enemy.  In  Allied  circles 
there  was  merely  a  feeble  attempt  to  aid  Russia  at  that  time; 
more  vehement  and  powerful  then,  as  now',  was  the  cry :  "  Oh, 
well,  she's  failed  us ;  let's  forget  her,  and  devote  all  our  atten- 
tion to  the  campaign  in  France." 

But  what  did  Germany  do — Germany,  who  had  lived,  next 
door  to  Russia  and  imderstood  her  importance  and  her  psydiol- 
<^?  She  sent  Lenine  and  Trotsky  back  into  Russia  with 
millions  of  dollars  to  serve  her  ends.  Through  her  agents  in 
America  she  paid  the  passage  money  of  I.  W.  W.'s  and  gun- 
men and  Russian  Jewish  agitators  who  were  insane  on  the 
subject  of  revenge  for  wrongs  done  them  in  their  former  homes 
or  on  the  question  of  theoretical  internationalism ;  she  sent  them 
all  from  East  Side  New  York  to  work  for  her  in  Petrograd. 
Moscow,  and  on  the  battle-front.  She  did  not  in  addition  s«id 
a  dozen  or  one  hundred  men  from  Germany  to  help  spread  her 
propaganda  of  lies ;  but,  according  to  estimates  agreed  upcm  m 
reliable  circles  in  Petrtw^rad,  there  were  ten  thousand  German 
agents,  trained  to  speak  Russian — professors,  scientists,  practical 
psychologists — smuggled  into  Russia  to  work  amoi^  the  soldien 
alone  while  Kerensky  was  yet  in  power  in  the  capitaL 

I  had  the  fortune,  or  misfortune,  to  watch  these  men  at  work, 
and  to  watch  them  become  more  and  more  bold  and  efficient  u 
the  Bolsheviki  came  into  their  own.  Then  they  could  not  be 
arrested,  even  though  proved  to  be  Germans,  because  definite 
orders  from  Smolney  Institute  guaranteed  their  personal  free- 
dom. They  taught  the  ignorant,  hungry,  weary  soldiers  that 
Germany  was  their  only  friend  among  the  nations ;  that  ^ 
Allies  were  a  pack  of  hounds  after  Germany's  blood,  desiring 
to  use  Russia  as  a  catspaw  to  pull  their  chestnuts  from  the  fire 
of  Mars.  They  supplied  Lenine  and  Trotsky  with  the  additional 
brain  power  necessary  to  bring  about  the  systematic  destructicD 
and  final  demobilization  of  the  Russian  army. 

Across  the  lines  another  force  of  trained  propagandists  was 
constantly  busy.  Under  protection  of  flags  of  truce,  little  news- 
papers and  colored  pictures,  printed  in  Vilna  hy  the  millioDS 
(and  suited  to  their  childish  minds),  were  given  to  the  Russian 
soldiers  day  after  day  and  week  by  week.  These  pictures  showed 
the  tyrannous  Uncle  Sam  and  John  Bull  lashing  the  Russians 
into  battle  to  fight  for  them  and  France  demanding  a  tribute 
of  blood  for  her  loan  of  gold.  Germany  (now  a  proletariat  "  de- 
mocracy ")  was  the  "  comrade "  holding  open  the  door  of  a 
glorious  and  prosperous  peace.  The  millions  of  soldiers  believed 
every  word  of  it ;  and  why  should  they  not?  The  only  denial  « 


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33S 


expoenre  offered  them  in  answer,  ontside  of  the  persistent  bat 
unheeded  protests  of  the  courageous  officers,  was  the  word  of  a  - 
lamentably  few  zealous  EngllsluDen  and  Frenchmen  and  a  score 
or  so  of  Ainericans  working  under  the  restriction  of  the  various 
organizations  ^hich  they  represented. 

An  army  of  Allied  propagandists  (in  the  finest  sense  of 
the  term),  armed  with  printing-presses,  paper,  and  ink,  with 
moving  piotmrea  (not  of  war  preparations  in  America),  and 
willing  to  learn  the  art  of  app^ing  to  the  Russian  mind 
from  the  German  and  Bolshevik  agitators  who  were  unques- 
tionably skilled  masters  of  the  trade — such  a  body  of  men, 
accompanied  by  industrial  organizers  and  with  a  small  army 
later,  if  necessary,  for  protection,  could,  there  is  every  reason  to 
l>elieve,  have  turned  tne  tide  of  battle,  and  the  Russian  army 
would  have  been  in  Berlin  to-day .' 

German  prisoners  became  insolent  in  their  open  co-operation 
\%'ith  the  Bolsheviki.  The  Anglo-Russian  mission  dosed  in 
despair.  The  industries  of  the  land  fell  to  pieces.  Those  stanch 
men  who  had  worked  for  Russian  freedom  from  autocracy  all 
their  lives  were  thrown  into  prison.  Russia  groaned  in  spirit  and 
looked  at  her  Allied  visitors  with  the  agony  of  the  unspoken 
challenge,  "  Why  don't  your  countries  do  something  to  rid  us 
of  this  terrible  product  of  Hun  Kvltur  f" 

Bock  in  America  our  newspapers  carried  the  letters  of  cor- 
refaptmdents  strongly  urging  me  recognition  of  the  new  "  gov- 
ernment," and  announcing  its  willingness  to  accept  any  and 
all  aid  that  might  be  offered  from  America! 

Yet  ninety  per  cent  of  the  Bolsheviki  were  agnostic  Hebrews, 
and  the  remiainder  were  mostly  criminals  or  ignorant  workmen 
and  peasants  led  astray  by  the  glowing  promises  of  their  leaders. 
The  unprincipled  secret  service  men  of  the  old  r^me  were 
generously  paid  to  plan  the  dettdla  of  the  infamous  oiganization. 
AltogethCT  only  some  ten  per  cent  of  the  180,000,000  inhabi- 
tants of  the  Roraias  were  Bolsheviki  by  choice,  although  through 
fear  many  more  have  professed  to  be  of  their  number. 

Now,  of  course,  the  situation  has  beeoi  definitely  cleared,  and 
the  misunderstanding  concerning  the  notorious  gang  has  been 
buried  forever.  But  the  mischief  that  has  been  done  is  incalcu- 
lable. Ten  months  elapsed  between  the  time  of  Kerensky's  fall 
and  the  publication  in  Washington  of  the  proofs  <rf  German- 
Bolshevik  collusion. 

The  conflicting  reports  and  opinions  regarding  the  (jnestion 
of  BoLsbevik  sincerity  and  of  Russia's  jg^uilt  in  '*  desertmg  the 
cause  "  have  brongHMMlout  a  fatal  spirit  (rf  atrophy  concerning 
the  whole  matter  offH!he.  ^lart  of  millions  of  Americans,  if  not 
correspondingly  on ''the  citizens  of  other  Allied  nations.  The 
loyal  Ros^ians  havtrbeen  deeply  hurt  by  the  refusal  of  their  old 
fnends  to  realize  iMix  anxiety  to  remain  true  to  the  task  they 
had  set  themselve8*f(rldl4,  and  by  their  slowness  to  grasp  the 
terrible  position  iil^llfcich  Russia  has  been  placed  boui  for  the 
present  and  for  the  near  future.  They  were  calling  to  us  all 
winter,  and  we  answered  their  cries  with  comforting  assurances, 
promiasory  notes  of  future  assistance. 

Poet-mortems  are  of  little  use  unless  they  point  a  moral 
And  from  the  lessons  of  the  Russian  sale  to  Germany  by  tm- 
hindered  Judases  there  is  much  to  learn.  We  first  of  all  owe 
to  Rnssia  a  debt,  and  it  must  be  paid  if  we  are  to  deserve  her 
foreiveneas. 

H  is  estimated  that  some  three  million  Rnssian  soldiers  lost 
their  lives  ia  the  war  in  addition  to  several  millions  badly 
-wounded.  It  is  w^  known  how  they  fought  during  the  first 
jeara  of  the  strtv^Ie  with  one-third  the  necessary  number  of 
gnns  and  loss  than  one-third  the  needed  amount  of  ammunition. 
Their  bosi^jital  service  was  tragically  inadequate.  There  were 
only  a  handful  of  arobiJances  altogether.  Tne  wounded  were 
for  the  most  part  carried  in  t'.-'o-wheeled  springless  carts.  There 
vnm  no  skiUnil  snidery,  no  ramalilr^g  ot  faces  and  mutilated 
bodies.  When  a  poor  iellow  got  cut  up,  he  was  doomed  to  go 
through  life  with  face  hiue:;usly  moomplete  or  with  arms  or 
legs  unreplaced  by  artificial  ones — there  was  known  only  the 
zt>agh  "  ready-made  "'  surgical  operation.  ITet  there  was  never 
a,  complaint  from  officer  or  soldier ;  alike  they  looked  up  with 
a  smfle  and  thanked  the  doctor  or  the  nurse — and  that  was  alL 
Anaesthetics  were  so  scarce  that  surgeons  on  Baaxe  sections  of 
the  front  never  knew  what  it  was  to  work  with  them.  The 
sufferings  of  the  Russian  soldier  can  never  be  fully  appreciated. 


The  peasant  from  Siberia  did  not  know,  as  does  the  American 
or  the  French  or  the  British  soldier,  what  he  was  fighting  for ; 
he  was  poorly  clothed,  half  starved,  armed  with  a  dummy  rifle, 
and  placed  in  front  of  the  great  German  machine.  He  was  not 
able  to  write  home,  for  the  most  part,  and  after  the  war  he 

SineraUy  found  his  place  in  the  family  occupied  by  another 
ussian  or  by  a  German  or  Austrian  prisoner.  Yet  he  has  feel- 
ings and  sentiments  and  ideals  and  a  heart — the  same  as  our 
own  American  boys  in  France. 

As  a  result  of  the  Bolshevik  debauchery,  the  railway  system 
of  Russia  has  been  practical  paralyzed.  The  mines  have  dosed. 
There  is  little  or  no  coaL  The  locomotives  bum  wood  cut  by 
the  peasant  women.  The  cars  are  going  to  ruin.  Transportation 
in  European  Russia  is  hopelessly  congested.  As  a  result,  the 
cities  have  been  able  to  get  no  food,  and  the  inhabitants  are 
starving.  For  months  the  bread-lines  have  been  increasing  in 
size,  and  lately  the  lines  have  become  almost  hopeless — there  is 
nothing  more  to  sell.  Women  and  children  go  alx)at  the  streets 
with  an  attitude  of  despair  that  haunts  you  long  after  you  meet 
them.  Fever,  filthy  diseases,  and  all  manner  of  pestilences  have 
become  rampant,  and  the  doctors,  as  bourgeoisie,  are  under 
suspicion  and  have  been  forced  to  cease  attempting  to  do  much 
more  to  relieve  the  friehtful  conditions:  Since  last  December 
men  and  women  have  been  murdered  on  tlie  streets,  confined 
in  foul  prisons,  or  tried  before  ignorant  anti-Ally  workmen's 
courts 'and  condemned  to  death  or  to  something  worse  than 
death.  All  arms  were  long  ago  seized  by  the  "  Government," 
and  the  robber  band  of  Germanized  cutthroats  became  virtually 
invincible — unless  outside  interference  should  step  in.  There 
has  been  much  said  about  waiting  for  an  invitation  from  a 
substantial  portion  of  the  Russian  people  to  intervene.  It  was 
evidently  not  fully  understood  that  the  ninety  per  cent  of  un- 
armed non-Bolshevik  population  were  too  closely  vratched  and 
guarded  to  be  allowed  to  prepare  and  send  a  formal  request  for 
help ;  they  could  only  sob  out  their  death-song  for  rescue  and 
trust  to  us  to  understand. 

Germany  certainly  cannot  help  them ;  she  has  not  the  means 
nor  the  desire  to  assist  the  anti-Bolshevik  elements  to  recover 
their  balance.  And  they  cannot  help  themselves  beyond  a  certain 
point ;  it  is  to  the  Allies  that  they  must  look  for  aid.  The  winter 
IB  coming  on ;  the  rivers  and  lakes  of  central  Siberia  are  usually 
frozen  over  by  the  middle  of  October.  After  that  the  question 
of  relief  becomes  more  and  more  difficult  to  solve.  It  is  horrible 
to  contemplate  the  prospect  facing  the  millions  of  men,  women, 
and  children  in  Petrograd  and  Moscow  this  winter,  with  star- 
vation and  disease  spreading  unchecked,  and  the  cold  steel  of 
Hun  and  Bolshevik  traitor  at  their  throats.  Already  occasional 
letters  are  coming  out  of  Russia  describing  the  suicides  of  hun- 
dreds of  the  finer  Russians  whose  minds  could  no  longer  stand 
the  awful  strain.  All  summer  they  have  looked  for  American 
and  Allied  troops  to  arrive  with  industrial  assistance  and  food 
experts  and  supplies ;  the  season  has  passed  and  the  months 
have  produced  httle  to  answer  their  prayers  but  the  rumor  of 
a  few  troops  in  Siberia  and  in  the  &c  northern  port  of  Arch- 
angeL 

We  are  in  this  war  to  make  the  world  safe  for  democracy. 
But  we  stood  by  while  Rumania  was  forced  to  make  peace  be- 
cause of  Bolshevik  outrages.  We  have  stood  by  and  seen  seven 
hundred  thousand  loyal  JPolish  troops  from  the  Russian  army 
compelled  to  disband  and  give  up  the  fight  that  meant  so  much 
to  them.  Sixty  thousand  Polish  troops  m  Minsk  last  Febmaiy 
were  declared  enemies  of  the  Bolsheviki,  and  himdreds  of  their 
officers  were  mowed  down  with  machine  guns  while  they  were 

Eeacefully  passing  by  a  country  station  nearby  in  box  cars.  So 
itter  was  the  persecution  of  the  little  army  that  wished  to  carry 
on  the  fight  against  the  Huns  that  for  the  sake  of  their  families 
in  Minsk  they  were  driven  to  welcome  the  Germans  when  they 
entered  the  city  as  the  choice  of  two  evils  that  threatenetl  to 
destroy  their  loved  ones  and  their  homes.  We  refusetl  to  inter- 
fere with  Bolshevism  when  it  allowed  a  little  remnant  of  the 
Serbian  people  and  army  to  starve  and  freeze  as  they  traveled 
painfuUy  through  Russia  to  the  Pacific,  the  little  cliildren 
clothed  only  in  Qiin  one-piece  garments,  barefooted,  and  ill  with 
scurvy,  living  in  refitted  cattle  cars  for  the  whole  of  a  Russian 
winter.  The  Czechoslovaks  were  heli)e<l  barely  in  time  to  save 
them  from  being  wiped  out,  as  they  dared  all  to  keep  " 

Digitized  by  VJWVJV  IV^ 


354 


THE  OUTLOOK 


6  NoTcmber 


fight  for  freedom.  If  Russia  is  to  believe  ns  sincere,  we  must 
speed  m>  our  works  that  the  glorious  promises  made  to  the  8uf> 
f  ering  Slavs  may  not  turn  bitter  in  their  mouths. 

America  is  noted  the  world  over  for  her  sympathy  for  the 
needy,  and  no  worthy  cause  has  yet  found  her  lackmg.  It  needs 
only  a  knowledge  of  the  iristant  pressing  need  of  the  people  of 
stricken  Bussia  to  call  into  service  the  best  of  her  storehouse 
goods.  Belgium  and  France  have  known  the  fruits  of  her 
friendship,  and  shall  Bussia  be  the  exception  ?  Up  to  the  time 
our  own  troops  were  sent  over  to  Siberia  this  summer  less  than 
one  per  cent  of  the  money  raised  by  the  Bed  Cross  of  America 
went  to  Bussia — less  than  was  given  to  Bumania,  although 
Bumania  was  largely  dependent  upon  Bussia  for  her  material 
supplies,  and  Bussia  was  the  most  needy  of  the  Allies,  hunger- 
ing for  substantial  tokens  of  our  sympathy.  Shall  we  not  now 
recompense  that  Bussia  who  bore  ^e  brunt  of  the  battle  while 
we  were  calmly  sitting  at  home,  our  boys  at  btisiness  and  in 
school,  and  our  larders  filled  with  plenty  ? 

But  there  is  another  side  to  the  Bussian  situation  that  is  vital 
to  our  proper  understanding  of  the  progress  of  the  war.  It  is 
so  easy  these  days  to  bury  our  heads  in  the  sand  while  we  rejoice 
at  historic  victories  of  the  Yankee  troops  in  France.  Yet  the 
fact  remains  unquestioned  that  Germany  can  never  be  counted 
really  defeated  while  we  ignore  Bussia  or  treat  her  case  in  a 
hesitating,  perfunctory  manner.  What  does  Germany  care  for 
Allied  victory  in  the  west  so  long  as  she  controls  the  east? 
From  Bussia  she  can  expect  to  receive  sufficient  supplies  to 
serve  her  purpose  of  future  conquest  of  the  world,  even  if 
entirely  ostracized  by  all  the  other  civilized  nations  of  the  globe. 
Bussia  is  a  world  as  large  in  area  as  all  of  North  America. 
There  are  coal,  copper,  gold,  manganese,  and  cotton  in  abundance 
within  Bussia's  borders.  The  Ural  Mountains  contain  practi- 
cally all  the  minerals  found  anywhere  in  the  world.  Ninety- two 
ger  cent  of  the  world's  platinnm  comes  from  that  region.  From 
iberia  the  Central  Powers  can  buy  all  their  needed  food  sup- 
plies after  they  have  expended  comparatively  little  time  and 
money  on  the  transportation  facilities  and  the  reorganization  of 
labor.  Such  products  of  the  farm  as  hides  and  wool  amounted 
to  staggering  figures  before  the  war,  and  what  would  they  not 
become  under  German  efficiency?  In  1913  Bussia  exported 
butter  to  the  value  of  $36,000,000  and  eggs  to  the  value  of 
$46,000,000,  mostly  from  Siberia.  From  Vl^vostok  to  Polarid 
I  failed  to  see  a  single  tract  of  swamp  or  sandy  waste ;  the 
entire  seventy-five  hundred  miles  of  territ(«-y  was  covered  with 
rich  black  soil  ready  for  the  ^ow  or  with  forests  of  valuable 
timber.  Siberia  is  uie  natural  storehooae  of  ihe  world,  and  the 
surface  of  its  possibilities  has  not  even  yet  been  soratdied. 

Will  the  Bussian  Empire  enjoy,  the  good  things  of  its  own  . 
land,  exchanging  its  pioducts  for  raw  or  manoractured  mate- 
rials from  the  fnendly  free  iiati<ms,  or  shaU  Germany  gloat 
over  their  possession  as  she  plans  for  her  next  war?  For  ^ong 
with  Germany's  trade  treaty  with  Austria  for  twenty-five 
years  is  to  be  reckoned  the  one  for  twenty  years  with  Bussia, 
given  at  Brest- Litovsk,  and  surrendering  full  commercial  privi- 
leges to  the  conqueror  for  that  period  oi  time.  Twenty  years' 
time  has  evidenuy  seemed  to  Germany  sufficient  to  cover  the 
necessary  laying  in  of  her  needed  supplies,  with  five  extra  years 
in  which  to  launch  and  win  her  final  military  venture. 

"  But,"  says  the  American,  **■  Bussia  will  never  turn  to  Ger- 
many again  now;  and,  moreover,  we've  gone  in  there  with 
troops  ;  the  Bolsheviki  are  fast  failing;  the  Germans  are  get- 
ting trimmed  in  France ;  there  is  nothing  to  worry  about  in . 
Bussia."  That  is  exactly  what  Germany  wants  us  to  think. 
But  the  reasoning  is  wrong.  It  is  true  that  Germany  has 
promised  the  people  more  than  she  can  ever  fulfill.  But  the 
population  of  Bussia  is  eighty-five  per  cent  peasant.  Those 
country  workers  never  heard  of  England  and  America  before 
the  war,  except  through  some  occasional  farm  machine,  and 
even  that  was  often  sold  by  German  agents.  They  did  know  of 
Germany.  Whenever  their  machinery  broke,  they  sent  to  Ger- 
many to  have  it  fixed.  Germans  were  scattered  throughout  all 
farming  communities.  All  kitchen  utensils,  all  necessary  house- 
hold goods,  came  from  Germany.  Germany  was  necessary  to 
their  very  existence.  She  advertised  herself  in  a  million  wa3rs. 
When  the  war  cam6,  the  peasants  could  not  get  things  from 
Germany,  and  they  were  at  a  loss  to  know  what  to  do.   Then 


tliey  b^n  to  think  that  their  "  Allies  "  wonld  supply  the  defi- 
ciency. But  the  Allies  did  noL  And  they  commenced  to  long 
for  Germany's  friendship  i^in.  Before  the  soldiers  went  home 
in  February  German  officers  promised  them  that  they  would 
resume  trade  as  soon  as  possible,  and  would  provide  them  with 
even  better  and  cheaper  goods  than  before.  The  peasants  are 
depending  upon  that  promise  ;  they  have  practiced  patience  all 
their  lives,  and  they  are  quite  content  to  wait  a  ]png  time  for 
the  goods  to  arrive  in  their  village,  unless  some  special  induce- 
ment should  attract  their  attention  elsewhere.  The  German 
language  has  become  popular  once  more  under  the  Bolsheviki ; 
one  hears  it  everywhere  throughout  the  country.  Germany  is 
next-door  neighbor,  and  thus  has  a  further  advanta^  The 
peasants  look  for  Germany  to  clothe  them,  to  re-establish  their 
old  factories,  and  to  bringthem  nails,  saws,  dishes,  and  glass. 
One  example  of  German-Bussian  trading  is  found  in  the  pay- 
ing by  Germany  of  $2,000,000  to  Bussia  for  pig  bristles  for 
brushes  in  one  year  before  the  war,  and  selling  those  same 
bristles  to  America  for  $10,000,000. 

So|n^  time,  no  doubt,  even  the  peasant  will  realize  Grermany's 
treachery  and  will  resent  it.  He  will  understand  the  peace  &rce 
at  Brest-Litovsk ;  he  will  ^hear  of  the  squeezing  of  the  western 
provinces  for  the  little  grain  that  Bussia  needed  so  badly  hei^ 
self ;  and  he  will  know  from  the  returned  prisoners  of  war  hov 
Grermany  treated  his  fellows  worse  than  dc^pa,  leaving  them  to 
die  of  abuse  and  starvation  and  disease.  But  if  in  the  mean- 
time he  has  not  become  well  acquainted  with  the  Allies,  is  he 
likely  to  turn  away  a  poor  friend  for  none  at  all  ? 

Already  Germany   is  importing  j)easant8   to  work  on  her 

.  farms,  .thus  releasing  men  tor  the  army  and  women  for  the 

ammunition  works.    And  she  is  losing  no  time  in  tightening 

the  bond  of  friendship,  frail  though  we  bond  may  seem  to  xa 

to  be. 

It  must  be  further  taken  into  consideration  that  the  twelve 
million  farmer«oldiers  carry  with  them  much  of  the  hatred  and 
mistrust  for  the  Allies  which  have  been  so  ]^rsistently  instilled 
into  them  by  the  Germans  and  the  Bolsheviki.  I  never  bought 
a  newspaper  in  Siberia  that  did  not  carry  on  the  old  stories  of 
Allied  enmity  toward  Bussia;  of  the  revolution  against  the 
bourgeoisie  govemm^t  in  America ;  of  proletariat  Germany's 
undying  friendship  for  Bussia  and  her  people.  It  has  beocHoe 
part  ot  the  peasant's  brain  process  to  thmk  of  the  Americans 
and  the  English,  French,  and  Japanese  as  peoples  who,  in  league 
witlitbeCur,oan8edJuaiitofaBBakjrdationswithhisold  friends, 
the  Germans,  and  tjien  prepared  to  ateal  bis  lands  while  he  was 
ooenpied  in  the  trenches,  fio  rtJbaUti  msmB  SObxa  Harni^  mto 
tlie  Russian  press.  Likewiaei,  Gfiimaa  nsmi  Bam  en  to  ■•  eoo- 


inssian 
oeming  lite  collapse  of  BcJdievism  and  the  tti^xi  vl  its  leaders  ; 
anjrthing  to  make  us  rest  ea^  and  jH-event  ns  fran  malrmg  too 
strtmg  an  effort  to  save  Russia.  The  menace  is  not  over  in  Sibe- 
ria;  it  is  almost  untouched  in  Bussia  proper,  and  tiie  wintor  b 
on. 


In  European  Bussia  there  may  be  revolts  and  more'  revolts 
against  licnine  and  Trotsky,  but  we  hear  of  far  more  trouble 
.t&m  really  exists.  The  Bolsheviki  have  absolute  contrcd  of 
ammunition  plants,  cannon,  and  military  supplies.  They  are 
supported  everywhere  by  skilled  German  leaders,  as  they  hare 
been  ever  since  they  began  the  siege  of  Moscow  last  November. 
In  Siberia  the  hundreds  of  thousands  of  prisoners  are  armed 
and  are  acting  in  unison  with  the  Bolsheviki.  We  saw  them 
in  Cheliabinsk,  in  Irkutsk,  in  Khabarovsk.  They  may  haw 
given  over  the  control  of  the  railway,  but  they  have  not  given 
over  control  of  Siberia.  The  prisoners  have  married  Russian 
women,  and,  unless  called  back  for  active  service,  have  settled 
down  to  make  the  country  a  German  colony.  They  acknowledge 
that  they  have  studied  Bussian  while  in  captirity,  under  ordets 
from  their  superior  officers.  If  they  fail  to  keep  the  land  by 
force  of  arms,  they  are  laying  the  foundation  for  a  peaceful  eoo- 
quest,  keeping  German  idem,  langw^e,  and  customs  predomi- 
nant, as  is  ustml  with  their  kind;  Their  propaganda  against  tbe 
Allies  goes  on  unabated  in  the  villages  of  the  plains. 

That  is  the  situation  we  have  to  face  to-day  in  Russia.  Cot 
one  more  ai^^ument  is  left  a^inst  our  more  vigorous  action. 
"  We  have  to  put «//  our  attention  on  the  western  front ;  we  can 
spare  no  more  troops  for  Siberia  at  present"   Now,  if  we  hail 

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aa  many  soldiers  in  France  in  proportion  to  our  population 
as  Canada  has  sent  over  there,  we  should  have  about  ei^ht 
million  men  facing  the  Kaiser's  troops.  Yet  with  that  burden 
Canada  has  sent  more  than  four  thousand  troops  to  Siberia. 
Cngland  is  fighting  on  many  different  fronts,  and  Germany, 
hard  pressed  as  she  was,  could  afford  to  train  thousands  upon 
thousands  of  men  for  propaganda  work  alone  in  Russia ;  and, 
even  harder  pressed  now,  can  still  numage  to  keep  a  vast  force 
of  agents  in  the  east.  She  has  counted  the  cost  and  considers 
it  worth  her  while. 


America  is  no  longer  distant  from  Russia  as  distances  go  these 
days ;  the  Canadian  Pacific  boats  can  make  the  trip  from  Van- 
couver to  Vladivoetok  in  two  weeks,  and  there  are  no  subma- 
rines to  bar  the  way.  We  have  fresh  troops  in  California,  shii^ 
in  the  Western  quays,  food  and  supplies  ready  at  a  moment's 
notice,  and  we  have  printing-presses,  paper,  ink,  and  honest 
men  to  speak  the  truth  to  troubled  Russian  minds.  The  Allies 
saved  Itsdy  from  the  intrigues  of  the  evil  monster  not  a  moment 
too  soon.  Russia  was  not  saved.  Once  more  there  is  a  chance  to 
avoid  a  fatal  delay.  What  shall  we  do  with  Russia  ? 


TO  GREAT  BRITAIN 

BY   HAROLD   TROWBRIDGE   PULSIFER 


When  blood  is  shed,  men  understand  ; 
Heart  speaks  to  heart  and  eye  to  eye ; — 
Britain,  we  know  you  for  a  land 
Where  freedom  lives  though  freemen' tCe. 

Past  doubts  are  dumb,  old  fears  are  dead. 
By  Liberty's  ensanguined  fane 
We  stand  on  guard,  while  overhead 
Our  sovereign  banners  join  again. 


One  banner  for  the  high  crusade, 
One  hope,  one  promise,  one  desire, 
And  in  our  hands  one  silver  blade 
Flaming  with  an  immortal  fire. 

Britain,  tlie  hosts  of  those  who  lie 
Upon  our  holy  battlefield 
T\  ill  watch  until  the  heavens  die 
The  honor  of  our  single  shield. 


IMMORTALITY  AND  A  PERSONAL  GOD 

BY   AN   AMERICAN  SOLDIER 

In  &e  issue  of  The  Outlook  for  May  22  last  will  be  found  the  two  letters  from  this  American  Soldier  and  the  editorial  based  upon  them 
referred  to  in  the  present  letter.  The  discassion  has  aroused  decided  interest  among  our  readers,  and  we  are  sure  that  they  will  welcome 
this  continuation  ot  it. — Thb  Editobs. 


M  M  I  have  just  received  from  my  mother  the  pages  of 
^  ^  The  Outlook  which  contained  my  letters  on  "  Immor- 
tality and  a  Personal  God,"  together  witik  Dr.  Abbott's  accom- 
rying  comment.  I  can  only  hope  thai  the  letters  did  no  harm, 
any  case,  the  simnltaaeous  appearance  of  Dr.  Abbott's 
inspiring  conception  of  "  present  immortality  "  and  of  God  the 
Fnend  would  nave  counteracted  it. 

I  promised  you  a  third  letter  containing  the  code  resulting 
from  the  conclusions  which  I  outlined  in  we  first  two.  Should 
The  Outlook  care  to  publish  it,  I  see  no  objection,  and,  in  fact, 
should  be  glad  to  have  the  confused  and  apparently  skeptical 
threads  of  the  first  letters  knotted  together  by  this  one. 

Firdt  let  me  tell  you  that  my  last  obstacle  to  immortality  has 
been  reasoned  away.  The  stumbling-block  was  this:  Immor- 
tality seemed  worthless  without  memory.  In  other  words,  there 
are  not  many  of  us  who  care  about  eternal  life  if,  with  the  death 
of  the  body,  we  lose  all  memory  of  the  human  beings  and  asso- 
ciations that  we  loved  on  this  earth.  It  seemed  to  me  that  this 
was  inevitable  from  a  scientific  point  of  view,  because  it  has  been 
established  that  we  are  dependent  for  memory  upon  a  few  per- 
idiable  brain  cells — that  all  that  links  us  to  those  we  love  is 
a  little  gray  matter  that  at  any  time  may  cease  to  function.  But 
I  had  not  considered  the  fact  that  every  few  years  the  brain  is 
entirely  renewed — that  the  cells  which  to-day  contain  the  mem- 
ories of  infancy  are  not  those  that  registered  them.  In  fact,  our 
childhood  memories  have  been  transferred  through  successive 
groups  of  cells.  Through  all  the  change,  behind  ail  the  decay 
and  replacement,  exists  the  same  essential  personality — trans- 
ferring itself  constantly  from  decomposing  chemical  elements  to 
newly  created  ones.  Certainly  I  have  no  reason  to  believe  that 
it  cannot  transfer  itself,  whole  and  perfect,  with  its  memories, 
its  virtues,  its  sins,  and  its  loves,  to  other  realms  when  this  one 
b  no  longer  habitable. 

The  two  fundamental  beliefs  that  my  reason  and  my  faith 
united  in  confirming  for  me  were  these : 
That  the  individual  is  immortal. 
That  God  exists,  but  is  not  personal  in  the  sense  that  he 


intervenes  in  our  hours  of  need  or  interferes  in  any  way  with 
the  affairs  of  this  world. 

Building  from  these  two  stones,  the  structure  has  mounted  as 
follows : 

Being  immortal,  we  must  resemble  and  be  closely  allied  with 
the  Eternal  Mind — perhaps  are  a  small  fragment  of  it.  At  any 
rate,  we  must  have  certam  elements  of  Godhead  in  us.  That 
which  we  call  our  soul  is  our  fraction  of  divinity. 

God,  having  given  us  the  minds  and  tools  wherewith  to  work 
out  the  salvation  of  the  world,  has  left  the  world  in  our  hands. 
So  far  as  this  sphere  is  concerned,  mankind  is  God. 

I  believe  that  there  exists  in  the  human  race  the  capability  of 
wiping  out  every  evil,  of  ending  conflicts,  of  eliminating  every 
disease,  of  preventing  all  untimely  death — and  without  the  aid 
of  any  supernatural  rower. 

There  is  no  obstacle,  save  our  laziness  and  absorption  in  selfish 
pursuits,  to  the  ultimate  creation  of  a  ^rfect  social  system. 
Medical  science  is  discovering  and  conquermg  one  microbe  after 
another ;  some  day  there  wifl  be  no  disease.  Some  day  our  en- 
gineers will  build  unsinkable  ships  and  unwreckable  trains  and 
machinery.  When  the  laws  of  health  and  heredity  are  fully 
known,  it  only  rests  for  the  human  race  to  follow  them  to  attain 
physical  and  mental  excellence.  Some  day  the  only  death  will 
be  a  gentle  going  to  sleep  at  the  end  of  the  allotted  years. 

Practically  every  evil  and  sorrow  which  drives  us  to  call  upon 
God  for  aid  and  intervention  could  be  eliminated  by  man  him- 
self if  man  as  a  whole  employed  to  this  end  the  mind,  the  will, 
and  the  Godhead  which  are  in  him. 

What  we  need  is  not  so  much  to  seek  God  as  to  realize  that 
-upon  this  earth  we  are  God. 

Were  God  as  careless  of  his  obligations  to  the  universe  as  are 
we  of  our  obligations  to  the  world  with  which  he  has  ohargetl 
us,  how  soon  would  we  return  to  chaos! 

There  was  one  man  upon  this  earth  whose  share  of  the  eternal 
mind  was  so  large,  who  was  so  closely  related  to  the  Eternal 
Being,  that  he  was  rightfully  called  the  Son  of  Gotl.  It  is  he 
who  told  us  that  we  too  are  the  children  of  God.  Our  inheri- 
tance from  that  Paternal  Source  is  surely  the  same  as  his,  no 
matter  how  limited  our  portion.  Christ  never  forgot  bis  responsi- 


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bilities  to  the  world.   We,  the  younger  brothers  and  sisters, 
rarely  remember  them. 

I  have  had  some  experiences  in  mental  and  Christian  science 
(without  ever  havin?  deeply  sympathized  with  the  sects  which 
practice  them)  which  furnish  for  me  indisputable  proof  that  we 
mherit  a  part  of  this  Eternal  Mind  which  is  superior  to  matter, 
having  created  it.  But  until  I  was  brought  face  to  &oe  with 
some  of  the  big  problems  created  by  this  war  I  never  realized 
the  tremendous  responsibility  the  belief  involves.  The  things  I 
have  seen  made  me  write  in  my  last  letter  that  a  personal  God — 
a  Father,  a  friend — did  not  exist.  There  I  spoke  in  a  momoit 
of  rebellion  against  the  horroxs  I  had  seen.  To^lay  I  believe  i^ 
b  not  he  who  permitted  or  countenances  the  world's •  agony;  it 
is  we  who  feave  failed  in  our  task.  Past  ages  have  rehed  upon 
him,  as  a  la^  child  relies  npon  an  indul^nt  father,  to  bring 
about  the  millennium  eventually.  In  the  meantime  man  has 
occupied  himself  with  toys  and  stolen  candies.  God  is  not  pim- 
ishing  us ;  Grod-is  not  angry ;  God  is  not  cruelly  revengeful ; 
we  are  simply  reaping  the  poisonous  fruit  of  our  neglect. 

Too  late  we  awoke  to  our  responsibilitiee.  HappOy  we  are 
now  meetine  them  bravely,  almost  joyoualy.  We  marvel  at  the 
heroism  ana  devotion  of  the  soldiers  of  France  and  England, 
and  particularly  we  thrill  at  the  miracle  of  the  American  awaken- 
ing — the  eagerness  with  which  our  clerks,  our  laborers,  our  loaf- 
ers of  yesterday,  enter  the  furnace  where  rest  so  many  charred 
and  mutilated  bodies — ^no  less  than  at  the  clear.eyed  heroism  of 
the  parents  and  wives  who  give  their  young  men  to  war. 

How  can  we  explain  this  miracle  of  American  devotion  and 
sacrifice  to  a  mere  idea?  Our  homes  are  not  in  danger — our 
children  will  not  starve  or  obey  a  foreien  master  if  tJie  line 
breaks.  America  can  exist  very  comfortably  even  if  the  Hun 
masters  Europe.  Why  should  three  million  men  unhesitatingly 
resign  themselves  to  a  perilous  sea  voyage  to  a  foreign  country, 
where  the  certainty  of  physical  suffering  awaits  them  and  the 
probability  of  death  ?  And  why,  above  all,  should  they  who  are 
alreadv  there  find,  almost  to  a  man,  a  contentment  and  exaltar 
tion  of  spirit  that  they  had  never  known  in  their  homes  ? 

For  me  there  is  only  one  answer — the  element  of  Godhead 
in  (each  one  has  answered  the  challenge  of  its  responsibility  to 
the  race  and  the  world.  The  conceptions  which  each  one  of  us 
has  in  common  with  the  Divinity — ^justice,  truth,  progi^ess,  love 
— ery  iar  champicMiship.  And  thus  I  have  come  to  believe  that 
it  is  quiteHpoesible  that  we  can  understand  God  as  a  friend,  or 
even  as  a  father,  since  we  have  inherited  some  of  his  own  con- 
ceptions. If  we  have  these  points  of  contact,  why  should  we  not 
sometimes  feel  close  to  him? 

The  essence  of  what  I  was  trying  to  express  in  my  letter  on 
a  personal  God  is  that  we  must  stop  "  relying  on  God ;"  we 
have  not  the  light  to  expect  him  to  step  in  as  a  personal  friend 
and  help  us.  We  must  stop  being  meek,  for  he  has  given  us  a 
share  of  his  power  and  wiU  and  justice  and  love — and  the 
world  is  in  our  hands  I 

This,  in  the  broadest  lines,  is  the  creed  to  which  my  hard- 
won  belief  led  me.  I  find  myself  back  again  practically  at  the 
point  where  I  should  have  started  had  I  taken  Christianity  on 
faith — except  that  my  conception  of  God  is  i^ot  that  of  an 
indulgent  father  ready  to  put  his  knowledge,  his  strength,  and 
his  wealth  at  the  disposition  of  his  children  when  they  are  in 
difiiculties,  but  rather  as  a  wise  and  very  busy  parent  who  has 
given  his  children  each  his  heritage  and  the  world  for  a  work- 
shop, and  has  told  them :  "  This  is  yours.  I  intrust  it  to  your 
hands.  Make  of  it  a  beautiful  thing." 

Nor  must  we  believe  that  the  sudden  sacrifices  of  to-day  are 
all — they  are  but  a  forerunner  of  the  labor  and  devotion  that 
must  be  poured  out  after  the  war  is  won.  The  evils  which  made 
the  cataclysm  possible  will  still  remain  to  be  remedied.  The  great . 
war  of  the  Eternal  Element  in  man  against  the  physical  is  just 
beginning.  The  present  conflict  will  have  given  him  his  greatest 
weapon—a  realization  of  the  separateness  of  his  spiritual  and 
physical  Jife,  and  of  the  relative  unimportance  of  the  latter. 

Whew  I  enlisted  in  the  French  army,  it  was  because  the  only 
issue  that  appealed  to  me  in  the  war  was  the  victory  of  France, 
and  I  thought  that  our  Army  would  be  too  late  to  help.  To-day 
I  see  that  it  is  truly  a  world  war — the  great  crusade. 

A  year,|igo  I  could  see  in  the  tremendous  slaughter  of  fine 
young  men  only  a  hopeless  tragedy.   To-day  I  believe  it  is  only 


a  ste^  in  the  progress  of  their  lives — a  sublime  step  upward. 
Wittingly  or  not,  they  have  been  worthy  of  the  inun(»talit; 
that  is  m  them.  They  are  to-day  maMng  other  sacrifice*, 
knowing  other  happiness,  making  other  progress,  and  are  wait- 
ing for  those  they  loved  to  continue  in  comradeship  their  dudes, 
their  labors,  and  their  lives.  Many  of  those  living  have  gained 
enough  in  spirit  to  enfranchise  them  from  the  bonds  of  fleeli 
and  Know  a  sense  of  communication  vrith  distant  parents  and 
friends.  Dealii  is  losing  its  unreasoning  terror,  not  only  for  the 
soldier,  but  for  those  who  love  him.  In  peace  our  only  true 
happiness  came  from  labor  well  done — ^from  a  sense  of  progtest 
made.  Europe  has  withstood  four  years  of  war  because  it  is 
making  progress  spiritually.  C.  L.  W. 

It  is  not  to  be  supposed  that  any  two  human  interpretations 
of  God  and  of  his  matitms  to  man  will  be  identical,  for  all  such 
representations  by  finite  men  must  be  fragmentary,  but  our 
correspondent's  view  is  more  in  accord  with  the  view  of  th« 
Bible  than  he  supposes.  It  does  not  relieve  men  from  the 
responsibility  for  their  own  lives  and  consequences  of  their  own 
conduct.  Its  general  spirit  is  fairly  represented  by  the  declanip 
tion  of  the  Psalmist:  "The  heaven,  even  the  heavens,  are>the 
Lord's :  but  the  earth  hath  he  given  to  the  children  of  men." 

When  the  people  of  Israel  in  their  flight  from  Egypt  reached 
the  edge  of  the  Red  Sea  and  were  apparently  tra{^>ed,  with  the 
mountain  on  their  right,  the  Red  Sea  before  diem,  and  the  army 
of  Pharaoh  in  their  rear  and  on  their  left,  Moses  is  represented 
as  saying  unto  the  people, "  Fear  ye  not,  stand  still,  and  see  the 
salvation  of  Jehovah.  .  .  .  The  Lord  shall  fi^^ht  for  you,  and 
ye  shall  hold  your  peace."  But  Jehovah  rephed,  "  Wha«fore 
criest  thou  unto  me  ?  speak  unto  the  children  of  Israel,  that 
they  go  forward."  The  responsibility  for  their  deliverance 
depended  on  their  own  courageous  action. 

They  came  to  Mount  Sinai.  Before  God  consented  to  accept 
them  as  his  people  and  to  act  as  their  King  he  submitted  to 
them  the  question  whether  they  would  accept  him  as  their  King, 
and  his  royal  authority  was  made  to  depend  upon  their  vote. 

When  they  were  captives  in  exile,  the  question  whether  they 
woiUd  return  to  their  native  country  and  confront  the  discom- 
forts and  perils  of  a  colonial  life  was  submitted  to  them.  They 
could  be  free  if  they  were  willing  to  pay  the  price,  but  that 
price  must  be  paid. 

A  similar  teaching  pervades  the  New  Testament.  Jesus'  com- 
mission to  the  Churdi  is :  "As  the  Father  hath  sent  me,  even  so 
send  I  you.  .  .  .  Receive  ye  the  Holy  Spirit:  whose  soever  sins 
ye  remit,  they  are  remitted  unto  them ;  whose  soever  am  ye 
retain,  they  are  retained."  The  responsibility  for  the  wodd's 
redemption  is  thrown  upon  the  friends  and  followers  oi  Christ. 
If  tiiey  do  their  duty,  tney  can  banish  sin  from  the  wotU.  If 
they  do  not  do  their  duty,  sin  will  remain.  Their  work  wiA  ant 
be  done  for  them  by  their  heavenly  Father. 

I  do  not,  however,  agree  with  our  correspondent's  statenant 
that  we  are  "  to  realize  that  upon  this  earth  we  are  God,"  nov  ds 
I  think  that  statement  is  really  in  harmony  with  the  rest  of  Us, 
letter ;  with,  for  instance,  his  other  statement  that  '^we  can 
understand  God  as  a  friend,  or  even  as  a  father,  sidce  we'luiw. 
inherited  some  of  his  own  conceptions.  If  we  have  these  points 
of  contact,  why  should  we  not  sometimes  feel  close  to  him  ?'  Qod 
does  not  do  our  work  for  us  or  take  from  us  the  responsibHUaes 
which  are  laid  upon  us  by  the  life  with  which  he  has  endowed 
us,  but  he  gives  us  what  is  better  than  victory,  the  life  wbaA 
enables  us  to  win  victory.  This  is  Christ's  definition  of  his  on 
mission.  "I  am  come,"  he  says,  "that  they  might  have  fife, 
and  that  they  might  have  it  more  abundantly."  The  earth  T 
forth  f  ruitf id  harvests,  but  it  would  bring  forth  nothing  if  i 


were  no  sun.  The  coal  we  bum  in  our  grates,  the  oil,  the  a/B, 
and  the  electricity  which  light  our  houses,  are  bottled  sasanMb 


We  can  bring  forth  justice,  truth,  pr<»ress,  love,  but  we  e 
bring  forth  nothing  if  we  were  out  off  from  Gtod,  who  is  lie 
ultimate  source  of  all  goodness. 

I  agree,  therefore,  with  our  correspondent  that "  He  has  givai 
us  a  share  of  his  power  and  will  and  justice  and  love,  and  tfce 
world  is  in  our  hands."  This  sentence  is  only  another  way  of 
saying  what  Paul  has  said — that  in  him  we  live  and  move  and 
have  our  being ;  and  what  Jesus  has  said — that  we  may  be  in 
God  and  God  may  be  in  us.  Ltuan  Abbott. 


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CURRENT    EVENTS    ILLUSTRATED 


^  Of  L.  iiiuHraiioD  (Fuis) 


HOISTING  THE  bTAlW  AN1>  .STKH'fciS  ON    '•\Vll-'St)N   I'EAK  "   IN   TllK  AU'S 

Tbe  U«ruiao  oaiue  of  one  of  the  peaks  of  Mont  Blauc  bas  bven  c'linnKvd  to  Wilson  Peak,  in  honor  uf  the  I'lrenklpnt  of  the  United  States.   Tliis  wan  <lone  by 

onWr  of  Uie  nmnicipelity  of  Chanionix.   The  iihototp^ph  Hhows  the  ceremony  at  the  moment  when  the  Mayor  of  Chamonix  hoisted  the  Ameriaiu  tiii^  on  tlie 

top  of  the  |ieiik,  which  is  the  hi^h  point  in  tbe  diitaoc*  ni^iti^r^n  h.,  ».   -»i    ti    iv^Jf* 


Digitized  by  VJW»^  VI 


■<0  British  Official  Photof^raph,  from  Underwood  &  Underwood 


THE  BRITISH  CAVALRY  ENTERING  PCROMNB  AND  PASSING  THE  RUINED  CATHEDRAL 

The  daatmotion  of  the  beautiful  Cathedial  of  P^roniie  is  ooe  of  the  war's  oaUmitiea  which  majr  well  be  inoloded  in  the  list  of  things  whioh  should  be  paid  for  hj  tW 

Qenuans,  ao  lar  aa  payment  is  poanble,  when  the  time  for  lepaiation  oomes 


(C)  %\TiitakiT,  fr  (H  IiitfmatinnAl  l-iiiii  Scr\in; 

LISTENING  FOR  ENEMY  SUBMARINES 
'llie  photograph  shows  an  American  sailor  at  the 
"  listener  "  on  ooe  of  our  submarines  in  foreign  waters 


(C)  Uodcrwuod  &  Underwood 

REUNION  OP  FRENCH  VILLAGERS  AFTER  THE  GERMAN  EVACUATION 
This  photograph,  taken  at  Arras,  repreaeuU  a  Bceue  that  is  now  h^pily  becoming  familiar  all 
western  front  wh«;re  the  Uuus  hare  been  driven  out 


tk 


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otemAtiooal  Flhii  ServKc 

INFLUENZA  CAMP  AT  LAWRENCE,  MASSACHUSETTS 
As  a  lueaoa  of  controlling  the  scourge  that,  haa  afBicted  the  country,  tent  cities  have 
be«n  established  in  some  places,  where  the  patienU  could  be  isolated.   The  picture 
shows  a  scene  in  such  a  camp 


Faul  rhompwu 

THE  KAISER  IN  CHARGE  OF  THE  POLICE 

The  New  York  City  police  have  many  good  deeds  to  their  credit ;  one  of  them, 

the  arrest  of  the  Kaiser,  shown  in  the  photograph,  took  place  during  the 

reoent  Liberty  Loan  parade 


1^ 


h.wj.w.u>i.««o„  ^^  j^^^^  PATRIOTISM  IN  THE  GREAT  LOAN  FOR  LIBERTY'S  CAUSE 

artiito  helped  on  the  success  of  the  Fourth  Liberty  Loan  by  painting  picture  propaganda  on  a  Urge  scale  in  front  of  the  PubUc  Library  in  New  YoA  City.  At 
the  left  U  seen  one  of  these  artists,  Mr.  J.  E.  Sheridan,  at  work ;  at  the  right  appears  a  completed  picture  by  Mr.  Charles  Dana  Gibaoo 

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United  War  Work  Camjaign  Sirr\  ice 
THE  8ALVATIOK  ARMT— "  FBE8U  DOUOIWUTS  FOB  THE  DOUGHBOYS  " 


THE   Y.    W.   C.   A.— A   "KOYER"   IN   TOURS,  FRANCE,    FOR    FACTORY  OliOS         I 


Central  News  Ser\-ice 


KKPKESKMM  1  \  J  ^   ■   :  .-.EVEN  ORGANIZATIONS  THAT  ARF,  TO  SHARK  THE  FUND   RAISED  BY  THK  <J A  \i 

The  United  War  Work  Campaign,  which  will  be^n  NoTrniber  11  and  last  for  a  Week,  is  for  the  benefit  of  seven  great  instrumentalities  that  are  helping  the  caM* 
liberty.  In  the  pictures  at  the  top  of  the  page  are  shown  activities  of  two  of  these  onranizjitions.  In  the  t'TO'ip  picture  at  the  bottom  of  the  page  are— left  lorijl* 
Bisliop  Muldoou,  of  the  National  Catholic  War  Council  (including  the  Knights  of  (^oluii«J)U3) ;  Mrs.  Henrj'  P.  Davison,  Chairman  of  the  Woman's  Committee  of  iM 
Campaign,  and  representative  of  the  Y.  W.  C.  A.;  Dr.  Frank  T.  Hill,  of  the  Aniericau  Library  Association;  Myron  T.  ilerrick,  of  the  War  Camp  Comn""''' 
Service;  Commander  Eva  Booth,  of  the  Salvation  Army ;  George  W.  Perkins,  of  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.;  Mortimer  L.  .S'hiff,  of  the  Jewish  W«dft««  BoardL  JohiiB.5M 

whose  portrait  we  i)uhlislied  October  10,  is  Directoi'-General  of  the  t^anipaign 

Sllars 


THB  UNITED  WAR  WORK  CAMPAIGN  FOR  A  UUNDKED  AND  .SEVKNTY  MILLION   FIVEQipSeeB^ 


QgM^ki 


(Q  Oxtacwaod  a  Undtnnod 

THE  QUEEN  OF  THE  BELGIANS 


C-  ^/1Q8S3 


c^i<^-f:^. 


<. 


a  o 


.v^As^'.>£.^<^^ir' 


•  (AMir  ».■•  •*•«#•(•  »•  *•  Jk  w«»ti 


^.d^^Lau^.-^ 


to  •:>«  7tilt9ii  Sut««  hai  r«- 
o«ntly  MAI  i>)«  •%OTC  ctoe^  r< 
WA1  %  mnilon  f'-anas  to  th«, 

•yorV-  v-on^  (t4ftltut«  iMlci 


Ihia  Is  f«rt  of  th*  wAovct 
V«lr«t<ly  i;oll««l«i   In  v»rlou6 
olU»*  of  th«  *'.iiu>A  Sti!t«fl 
by  thv  s>l«  of  ihft  Qusen'^ 
£ouV4n1r  Fltw^ri  t.h«  .  , 

'     "Vorx«t-««-»:ot,- 


^5^>0X^j 


5^.0,  vj 


CC)  ConunlttM  on  PufaUc 

AND 


ABfERICAN  STMPATHT  FOR  HER 


I  QoMO  Elixabeth  of  Belgium  ia  here  seen  in  a  oostaraa  that  snggeeta  her  work  as  a  none  rather  than  lier  podtion  as  a  ro}ral  penonage.    The  pietine  at  the  right 
■hows  a  check  that  was  sent  to  her  as  an  American  oontribntion  to  her  work  in  helping  the  destitote  ohildren  of  her  striokan  ooontry 


PBOI01I88  OIOTANNA 


PRIKCE   HUMBERT,   HEIR   APPARENT 


PRraCE88  MAFALDA 


Tbea*  •Jtmat 


THREE  CHttDREN  OF  THE  ROYAL  FAMILY  OF  ONE  OF  OUR  ALLIES 

people,  daughters  and  only  son  of  the  King  and  Queen  of  Italy,  and  grandchUdren  of  the  King  of  Montenegro,  are  charming  examples  of  the  type  of 
loyslipetsonage  that  may  be  erolved  from  conditions  of  refinement,  culture  (not  Kiiltur!),  and  happy  enTironment 


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(C)  Western  Newspaper  Union  

MASK  WORN  FOR  PROTECTION   AGAINST  INFLUENZA 
The  terrible  epidemic  which  has  afaicte<l  the  country  can,  it  is  believed,  be  iiiinimiMd  by 
proper  precantions.   One  of  these,  the  wearing  of  a  gauze  mask,  is  shown  in  this  picture  of 
a  New  York  City  street-cleaner  going  about  hia  daily  work  thus  protected 


(C)  Committw  on  I'lihlic  Information 

CLOTHING  WORN  BY  OUR  FORCES  IN  SIBERU 
The  cap  is  of  mnskrat  fur,  a«  are  the  mittens.  The  parka  is  of  hfarj 
moleskin  cloth.    The  shoe  paes  are  of  black  cowhide  watetproofcd. 
Three  pairs  of  socks  are  worn,  and  heavy  woolen  nndeii  " 


CritiBh  OfTici.il  Thoio-r.-iph,  'V,    :.;:..  ,    ;  ■-:  {'•■■  ■' 

ALLIED  PROPAGANnA  TO  BE  DKOPPEI)  ON  KETKEATING  HUNS 

Tlie  picture  shows  tlic  preparing  of  bjvgs  filled  witli  information  for  the  Gemian 

ti-oops,  to  be  inflated  aiul  sent  across  the  line  to  them.    General  Hindenburg  is 

said  to  have  called  this  a  "  drumlire  of  printed  paper  " 


British  Otticial  Phol.^jjraph,  K.idel  A  Herbert 

A  PLEASANT  ENCOUNTER  IN  WAR-WORN   FK.V>'CE 

Here  is  a  British  soldier  mftkinglthe  best  use  he  can  of  his  limited  I''«"^l"  ^ 

ing  supplies  froiu  a  Freiipli  marketwomaii  in  a  town  near  the  front  The  A* 

features  of  the  woiuan  indicate  that  she  will  not  get  the  worst  of  tho  bar5» 


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^  Th<«nf«on 


CHARLES  M.  SCHWAB  AND  EDWARD  N.  HURLEY 

'wo  Ifaater  BniMen  wlio  aro  poshing  along  the  ships  that  are  helping  to  ^ 
the  war  agunst  barbarism  and  antocraoy 


(Cj  Western  Ne»vs|»per  Union 

AN  AFRICAN  REPUBLIC'S  REPRESENTATIVE   FELPS  THE  LOAN 

The  picture  shows  Consnl-General  Lyon,  of  the  Republic  of  Liberia,  at  the  Altar 
of  Liberty  in  New  Tork  sneaking  for  the  Fourth  Idbe^  Loan 


TWO  SHIPS  A   WEEK  ARE  THIS  SHIPYARD'S  SHARE  IN  BUILDING  OUR  NEW  FLEET 


the  Alliw  and  the  Consort,  are  shown  in  the  picture  when  ready  to  be  launched.  They  are  the  work  of  the  Submarine  Boat  Corporation  at  the  Newark 
Bay  Shipyards.  An  average  of  two  ships  every  week  have  been  launched,  it  is  reported,  by  this  company 


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INSIDE  THE  BAR 

BY  GREGORY  MASON 

STAFF  CORRESPONDENT  OF  THE  OUTLOOK 


THE  puffing  train  deposits  me  in  a  Little  Town  on  the 
Irish  coast.    It  also  deposits  abont  ninety  colleens,  oome 
down  from  the  city  to  see  the  Yank,  the  Yank  in  the  blue 
jacket. 

He  is  waiting,  about  ninety  of  him.  From  seven  o'clock,  when 
the  special  arrives,  till  ten,  when  it  departs  on  the  return  trip, 
is  not  long,  particularly  if  you  are  young  and  just  in  for  a  few 
hours  ashore  between  hunting  U-boats.  Ere  the  gate  of  the 
little  station  is  reached  ninety  bluejackets  charge  ninety  col- 
leens, and  without  any  fuss  the  entire  one  hundred  and  eighty 
march  away,  arm  in  arm,  two  by  two,  to  the  narrow  quays  and 
harrow  byways  of  this  little  Irish  town — a  port  frequented  by 
American  destroyers  in  British  waters.  This  Little  Town  has 
tdready  been  fluttered  by  about  twenty  international  marriages. 
Differences  of  age,  weidth,  or  religion  don't  matter.  There  is 
•only  one  insuperable  obstacle  to  romance.  The  Yank  will  not 
have  a  Sinn  Feiner. 

British  and  American  naval  officers  are  walking  arm  in  arm 
-alone  the  thin  strip  of  sidewalk  when  to  do  so  does  not  force 
the  Yank's  girl  into  the  street.  In  the  narrow  channel  British 
:and  American  warships  lie  end  to  end  in  the  gurgling  tide. 
Two  nations,  two  flags,  one  service  I 

About  the  quaint,  steep  streets  of  this  village  on  a  side  hill 
go  the  sailors  and  the  girls,  or  frame  thems^ves  before  little 
ivied  cottages  in  arched  gates  festooned  with  vines.  The  lazy 
wind  coml»  out  slender  smoke  pliunes  from  the  five-barreled 
chimneys,  (uid  gray  gulls  whistle  over  the  darkening  harbor.  In 
the  fadmg  summer  twilight  the  sky  is  a  great  stnped  awning . 
•of  pale  blue  and  thin  white,  and  the  sea  is  striped  likewise  as  u 
from  the  wakes  of  many  recent  ships.  It  ipay  be  the  shoal  of 
tenders  racing  about  with  noses  importantly  in  air  that  are 
;streaking  that  placid  bay,  or  nature  may  be  imitating  the  zebra 
•di^^ise  of  all  those  ships  of  war. 

Many  of  them  there  are,  but  for  each  one  in  view  there  are 
iwo  at  sea,  as  empty  moorings  tell  you. 

Darkness  hides  the  painted  ships,  and  inquiring  lights  iden- 
tify them  again.  The  guUs  whistle  more  softly  now,  as  if  think- 
ing already  of  undulatmg  beds.  The  tide  ebbs  on  and  the  smell 
-of  salt  grows  ranker.  Fishing  parties  come  by  in  little  launches, 
peacefmly  putt^putt-pUtting.  It  is  all  just  like  the  old  days  on 
CJape  Cod  when  youta  had  summer  vacations  and  the  sea. 

By  the  time  the  morning  sun  has  cleared  the  green  shoulder 
supporting  the  fort  at  the  harbor  mouth,  everything  is  astir. 
Steam-launches  or  trim  little  sailing  yawls  slip  back  and  forth 
between  the  docks  and  the  British  sloops.  Small  gasoline 
launches  putter  in  and  out  to  the  fierce  slim  destroyers,  and 
larger  ones  run  shoreward  from  two  American  sea-mothers  that 
mend  everything  from  boilers  and  machinery  to  human  ribs. 
These  big  launches  are  loaded  with  "  pond  lUies,"  as  the  sea- 
goers  caU  the  less  fortunate  chaps  detailed  to  smooth-water 
-duty.  They  are  not  rollicking,  as  they  were  last  night.  They  are 

!;oing  about  their  work  and  looking  rather  stem  about  it — a 
ook,  if  it  is  seen,  which  may  not  be  displeasing  to  the  spirits  of 
those  whose  bodies  lie  not  very  far  away  in  a  common  grave 
for  the  dead  of  the  Lusitania. 

There  is  a  convincing  air  of  permanency  about  what  the 
Americans  are  doing  at  this  Little  Town  and  at  other  bases  for 
■destroyers,  submarines,  or  aircraft  on  the  green  Irish  shores. 
Not  such  permanency,  perhaps,  as  the  mediaeval  Irish  gave  to 
their  gray  stone  watch-towers  which  stand  bravely  against  the 
sky  on  many  high  points  along  this  strangely  beautiful  and 
melancholy  coast.  But  the  roa£  we  are  building,  the  docks,  the 
baiTacks,  look  equal  to  a  thirty  years'  war,  at  any  rate. 

The  hospital  at  the  Liitle  Town  consists  of  collapsible  build- 
ings which  were  brought  across  the  Atlantic.  It  accommodates 
two  hundred  and  fifty  men,  and  can  be  expinded  to  hold  five 
hundred.  Seeing  the  comfortable  beds,  the  British  remarked : 

"  How  well  you  Americans  do  yourselves !" 

But  in  regard  for  sanitation  they  do  themselves  well ;  while 
that  hospital  was  being  built  the  British  who  were  co-operating 

36^ 


seemed  to  regard  a  frequent,  *pain8taking  inspecticxi  of  plumb- 
iner  as  important  a  ceremony  as  afternoon  tea. 

The  Yank  is  not  planning  tq  spend  much  time  in  hoapitaL, 
however.  Four  baseball  diamonds  and  numerous  ctmcrete  tennis 
courts  have  been  built  by  him  in  the  Little  Town  to  keep  him- 
self fit.  Then  there  are  occasional  field  games  with  the  British 
Tommies  at  the  fort.  I  saw  one  of  these  affairs.  Tommy,  of 
course,  swept  everything  before  him  in  the  distance  races, 
though  in  the  mile  a  dark  horse  led  at  first  who  had  every  one 
guessing. 

"  'E's  a  Yank  all  right,  by  'is  'air-cut,"  said  a  Tommy  ;  «  hot 
the  Yanks  say  they  don't  know  'im." 

He  was  a  Yank,  one  who  had  just  arrived  at  the  reodvin^ 
station  up  the  river  where  several  old  warehouses  were  con- 
verted into  tolerable  barracks  in  a  few  days  by  Americu 
"  pep."  He  led  the  race  until  the  last  lap,  and  then  four  Totn- 
mies  jumped  away  from  him  with  beautiful  ease. 

But,  on  the  other  hand,  in  the  tugs-of-war  the  huge  tars  from 
the  United  States  Air  Station  literally  hauled  their  opponents 
in,  hand-over-hand,  after  some  prelimmary  slipping  whfle  ther 
were  getting  ao<;ustomed  to  the  unfamiliar  position  and  rule& 
The  British  audience  was  eminently  friendly,  but  was  diarar- 
teristically  undemonstrative.  At  the  slight  applause  whicL 
greeted  their  victory  the  sailors  looked  surprised,  but,  nothing 
daunted,  'decided  that  if  no  one  would  cheer  for  them  tbej 
would  cheer  for  themselves. 

"  T'ree  cheers  for  de  U.  S.  Navy  1"  bellowed  the  tremendoos 
anchor  of  the  winning  team,  and  the  Irish  girls  trembled  at  the 
ensuing  noise.  Then,  najfvely,  as  if  from  an  afterthought,  U>r 
anchor  called : 

"  T'ree  cheers  for  de  fort  team  I"  And  at  another  txijk 
roar  white  bowl  service  hats  went  spinning  to  the  tree-tops. 

The  skating-rink  at  the  top  of  the  hill  which  has  been  con- 
verted into  a  dance  hall  provides  another  favorite  form  of  recre- 
ation ;  but  nothing  quite  equals  a  unique  institution  which  ba 
the  sober  name  of  "  Men's  Club."  This  was  built  and  organized 
entirely  by  enlisted  men  imder  the  direction  of  a  mighty  smart 
officer  without  any  aid  from  a  church,  a  chaplain,  a  Y.  M.  C.  A. 
secretary,  or  other  outside  helpers.  The  club-house  is  a  long, 
rambling  building  by  the  water's  edge,  where  are  billiard  an*] 
pool  tames,  music,  aU  the  papers  from  home,  moving  pictures 
every  night,  frequent  vaudeville  shows  by  members,  and  as  good 
food  as  you  can  find  in  the  British  Isles,  and  at  cheaper  pnces, 
the  messes  of  one  or  two  "  pond-lily  "  ships  possibly  excepted. 

The  Men's  Club  has  all  the  advantages  of  a  Y.  M.  C.  A 
"  hut "  and  more.  Having  built  it  themselves,  the  men  have  the 
pleasant  glow  of  proprietorship. 

Here  is  a  view  of  the  Men's  Club  on  Saturday  night.  A  show 
is  on,  just  the  usual  show,  not  a  special  performance  such  »* 
was  arranged  for  the  members  of  the  Congressional  Naval  Com- 
mittee (who  accepted  all  invitations  to  see  the  Navy  at  work  an<l 
play  inside  the  bar,  but  politely  declined  all  invitations  to  g<' 
to  sea  with  it — much  to  the  amusement  of  the  Navy,  which  ha> 
seen  this  happen  before). 

This  programme  begins  with  moving  pictures.  Betwerai  films 
the  Navy  orchestra  plays  tunes  that  make  heads  jerk  and  ie^i 
tap  and  minds  wander.  The  enlisted  men  down  on  the  mail- 
floor  are  thinking  of  little  dances  in  country  halls  or  8cho(4- 
houses,  perhaps,  if  they  have  only  joined  "  for  the  duration," 
or  of  smoke-fiUed  dance-halls  from  South  Boston  to  New  Orlean.- 
if  they  are  old  barnacles.  The  same  one-steps  and  fox-trots  carr? 
officers  from  the  balcony  back  to  hops  in  the  armorr  a: 
Annapolis  or  to  the  caves  under  New  York's  finest  hotels,  wheiv 
the  music  of  modem  orchestras  throbs  with  the  rhythm  fJ 
African  tom-toms,  as  our  whole  civilization  is  shot  through  «iu> 
bits  of  primitive  man. 

Down  in  the  pit  of  the  hall  are  the  shaved  heads  of  men  fmc- 
the  fire-rooms  of  destroyers,  and  there  are  sallow  faces  froir 
submarine  engine-rooms — men  to  whom  the  steadiness  of  th* 
floor  beneath  them  seems  unreal,  unaccountable.    Mingled  witi 


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THE   OUTLOOK 


365 


tbeee  iacea  whitened  by  constant  darkness  are  faces  darkened  by 
constant  light,  tanned  countenances  of  the  men  from  destroyers' 
pitcbine  decks,  and  here  and  there  a  Negro. 

This  IS  the  night  of  nights  to  them  all,  the  night  they  all  race 
home  for,  if  convoy  or  patrol  duty  happens  to  end  at  sea  about 
Saturday  morning  or  Saturday  noon.  Some  of  them  are  going 
back  to  those  tumbling  green  mountains  beyond  the  bar  before 
the  next  sun  rises. 

''Flick-fliok-flick,"  goes  the  picture  projector,  and^then  stops 
in  the  middle  of  a  drunatic  scene. 

"  Shore  leave  ends  at  eleven  I"  shouts  a  man  from  the  rear  of 
the  hall  tilirough  a  megaphone.  "Don't  forget,  men,  at  eleven/" 

"  Fliok-flick-flick,"  the  drama  moves  agam. 

After  this  picture  two  bluejackets  who  were  on  the  profes- 
nonaJ  vaudeville  stage  until  they  signed  a  contract  with  Uncle 
Sam  for  a  bigger  show  entertain  the  club  and  its  British  guests 
with  songs — femiliar  songs  towhich  the  whole  hall  bellows  the 
choruses.  Derisive  choruses  many  of  them,  filled  with  such 
snatches  as — 

"  SUp  a  piU  to  Kaiser  BiU," 
or, 

"  And  when  we  see  a  sabmarine     .  "  - 

We'll  shoot  it  in  the  rear." 

But  more  of  the  songs  are  sentimental — songs  of  love,  and 
especially  songs  of  homesickness,  "  I  Hate  to  Lose  You,"  "  A 
Baby's  Prayer  at  Twilight,"  etc. 

Sailors  have  always  been  more  sentimental  than  soldiers. 
Sentimentality  does  not  seem  out  of  place,  does  not  seem  senti- 
mental^ in  men  who  deal  with  the  uncertain  sea,  and  these 
sailors  are  frank  and  unashamed  in  it.  The  officers  are  more 
restrained,  but  are  no  less  glad  to  join  in  the  songs  which  remind 
the  whole  crowd  of  American  men  of  the  things  for  which  they 
are  fighting. 

It  IS  all  the  easier  for  Jack  to  remember  home  for  the  fact 
that  he  is  disappointed  in  some  things  about  Ireland.  This 
disappointment  is  partly  due  to  the  Irish  climate,  which  is  con- 
tinuaUy  wet ;  but  the  disappointment  is  mostly  caused  by  the 
wide  extent  of  Sinn  Peinism  and  disloyalty  to  the  Allies  which 
Jack  has  found. 

On  their  part  the  supporters  of  Sinn  Feinism  are  frankly 
disappointed  in  the  men  of  the  American  Navy.  They  expected 
to  mid  ready  S3rmpathizers  when  they  aired  their  grievances 
against  England.  Instead  they  find  that  America  is  interested 
now  in  just  one  thing — beating  Germany — that  England  is 
r^arded  as  America's  warm  ally  in  that  task,  and  that  Ameri- 
cans can  see  no  distinction  now  between  sentiments  and  acts 
that  are  anti-EjUglish  and  sentiments  and  acts  that  are  pro- 
German. 

The  Sinn  Fein  movement  is  hindering  the  war,  hence  the 
American  emphatically  disapproves  of  it.  He  is  ready  enough 
to  admit  that  England  has  not  always  been  just  to  Ireland,  but  he 
Is  inclined  to  think  that  Ireland  would  have  had  her  dues  long 
igo  if  she  had  taken  an  intelligent  and  united  stand  for  them. 
The  average  American  bluejacket  dismisses  the  Irish  question 
this  way : 

"^  The  Irish  don't  know  what  they  want,  and  wouldn't  pull 
together  for  it  if  they  did." 

This  contact  between  the  two  nationalities  has  been  the  more 
mteresting  because  among  our  bluejackets  billeted  in  Irish 
barbors  are  many  boys  of  Irish  birth  who  were  reared  in  the 
Soman  Catholic  ^th  and  who  have  relatives  living  not  far  from 
irfaere  our  ships  are  moored.  But  there  is  no  hyphen  in  these 
Irish-American  jackies.  A  good  many  of  them  have  practically 
mt  off  relations  with  their  relatives  (when  these  relatives  are 
i^inn  Feiners),  and  many  of  the  Catholic  tars  have  declined  to 

Kto  church  because  tiie  younger  priests  are  the  indubitable 
bders  of  Sinn  Feinism. 

From  hill  to  hill  across  the  bay  it  is  not  unusual  to  see 
i^inn  Fein  signal-lights  wink  back  and  forth  at  night.  And 
f  a  sailor  strays  far  inland  on  a  ramble  after  the  luscious  Irish 
blackberries  he  is  likely  to  find  Sinn  Fein  infantry  drilling 
lilently  in  some  secluded  glen. 

These  is  a  certain  Yank  on  one  of  the  submarines  who  has 
lad  these  experiences  and  who  has  three  brothers  living  at 
Ifae  Little  Town,  lads  who  have  never  been  out  of  Ireland  and 
irho  are  members  of  the  Sinn  Fein  army. 


"  I'm  fed  np,"  said  this  sailor  to  some  of  his  shipmates,  "  fed 
up  with  the  whole  pack  of  'em,  me  brothers  included.  I  say, 
before  we  lick  Germany,  we  ought  to  go  ashore  and  lick  Sinn 
Fein.  I  said  that  to  me  brothers,  an'  I  wish  th'  Government  'd 
let  us  b^n  right  now." 

It  is  due  to  this  political  difference  that  there  have  not  been 
more  international  marriages.  In  the  smaller  Irish  ports  where 
our  ships  put  in  some  of  me  priests  have  forbidden  the  girls  to 
have  anythiuj?  to  do  with  the  Americans — "  Because  tiie  priests 
are  j^ous  of  us,"  says  Jack. 

"Because  yon  won't  come  to  Mass,"  say  the  girls. 

At  any  rate,  there  is  an  unfortunate  coolness  between  the 
men  of  the  American  Navy  and  some  of  the  Irish  among 
whom  they  are  thrown.  Of  course  among  the  more  intelligent 
Irish,  those  who  have  traveled  or  those  naturally  broad  enough 
to  see  two  sides  of  a  question,  there  are  many  loyal  friends. 
And  even  the  Sinn  Femers  admire  the  Yanks — their  smart 
bearing  and  the  marvelously  swift  speed  boats  which  bring  their 
officers  ashore. 

The  relations  of  our  Navy  with  the  English,  on  the  other 
hand,  have  been  almost  more  cordial  than  either  they  or  we . 
dared  to  hope.  They  expected  us  to  come  over  with  an  "  Oh, 
well,  we'll  win  the  war  tor  you  1"  sort  of  attitude,  but  we  came 
instead  with  a  lare;e  desire  to  learn.  In  spite  of  the  bragging  in 
portions  of  the  American  press,  the  fighting  American  over 
here,  whether  soldier  or  sailor,  has  thus  far  behaved,  on  the 
whole,  with  agreeable  modesty. 

The  British  Admiral  who  bosses  the  district  from  which  most 
of  our  destroyers  in  Ireland  operate  is  said  to  be  more  popular 
with  us  than  with  his  own  people.  Our  officers  swear  by  him. 
It  is  true  that  "  the  old  man  on  the  hill  "  expects  hard  work, 
but  that  is  only  what  we  want  to  give.  He  loves  to  jump  on  his 
own  people,  but  he  is  no  more  backward  about  jumping  on  the 
Americans.  And  he  is  as  ready  with  praise  as  with  blame.  You 
always  know  just  where  you  stand  with  him. 

Our  men  "  got  in  right  ■"  with  this  Admiral  at  the  very  begin- 
ning. When  our  first  destroyers  arrived  on  this  side,  their  com- 
manders went  to  see  the  "  old  man." 

"  How  soon  can  you  be  ready  for  work  ?"  he  asked,  expect- 
ing they  would  want  ten  days  for  overhauling. 

"  We're  ready  now,  sir,"  they  replied. 

Each  navy  has  found  much  reason  to  admire  the  other.  Of 
course  we  think  we  are  as  good  seamen  as  any  on  the  seas ;  but'— 
well,  there  are  no  better  seamen  than  the  British.  There  is 
complete  harmony  and  co-operation  between  the  two  navies. 
The  ships  of  both  nations  are  working  together  constantiy  on 
convoy  or  patrol  duty,  and  each  particular  group  is  commanded 
by  whomsoever  happens  to  be  the  senior  officer — whether 
he  is  British  or  American  makes  no  difference  in  the  way 
the  work  is  done.  Two  nations,  two  flags,  one  job,  one 
service  1 

Of  course  there  have  been  occasional  brushes  between  the 
enlisted  men  of  the  two  navies  when  under  the  exhilaration  of 
shore  leave.  But  these  affairs  have  only  increased  mutual 
respect.  One  of  the  "  pubs  "  in  the  Littie  Town  was  nearly  the 
scene  of  a  friendly  scrap  not  long  ago.  It  was  crowded  with 
seamen,  about  half  of  them  Yanks,  as  the  British  call  all  Amer- 
icans whether  from  New  England  or  Dixie,  and  about  half  of 
them  "  Limeys,"  as  we  call  the  British.  (A  nickname  handed 
down  from  the  old  days  of  long  sailing  voyages  when  the 
British  navy  used  quantities  of  lime  juice  as  a  preventive  of 
scurvy.) 

On  this  occasion  the  British,  who  may  have  had  a  few  rounds 
of  "  depth  charge  "  (Irish  whisky),  were  feeling  rather  play- 
ful. Our  men,  on  ginger  ale  and  lemon  soda  (of  course),' may 
not  have  been  quite  so  sprightly  in  mood,  but  were  not 
inclined  to  avoid  any  sort  of  vigorous  ceremonies.  An  argument 
started  on  some  inconsequential  topic,  then  took  national  char- 
acter and  threatened  to  become  violent.  Just  as  fists  seemetl 
about  to  fall  a  huge  American  gunner's  mate  and  an  equally 
gigantic  British  boatswain's  mate,  who  were  leading  their 
respective  sides,  came  face  to  face. 

"  Why,  say,  Bo,"  asked,  the  American,  "  wasn't  you  on  the 
China  coast  in  1912  ?" 

"  Righto,"  roared  the  Britisher.  "  Thought  I'd  seen  you." 

"  Remember  how  we  got  together  an'  cleaned  the  Germans. 


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outa  that  place  in  Shanghai  ?  An'  when  we'd  cleaned  out  the 
Dutchmen  we  fell  to  fightin'  with  each  other.   Remember  ?" 

"  Does  I  ?  I'll  never  forget  it." 

"  An'  then  the  Dutchmen  come  back  with  reinforcements 
from  that  big  battleship  o'  theirs,  the — whatever-they-called- 
it — an'  tried  to  get  into  the  place ;  but  we  quit  our  own  little 
scrap  an'  threw  em  out  again." 

"You  bet  we  did!"  "Done  it  proper!"  "Broke  Fritz's 
neck  for  'im  !"  and  similar  enthusiastic  ejaculations  came  from 
all  sides,  for  every  one  had  begun  to  listen  by  this  time  ;  and  the 
Shanghai  scrap  is  part  of  the  history  of  the  two  navies. 

"  Well,  say,  fellers,"  harangued  the  Yankee  gunner's  mate, 


"  guess  this  little  argimient  11  wait  till  we've  finished  Friti, 
now  what?" 

The  assent  was  thunderous. 

"  Say,  Jim,"  said  one  American  bluejacket  to  another  a  few 
minutes  later  as  they  sorrowfully  left  that  scene  of  joviality  to 
catch  the  last  laimch  back  to  the  ship,  "  guess  fightin's  Id 
human  nature,  hey  ?  If  there  was  no  one  eue  to  fight,  we'd 
fight  each  other.  Guess  these  pacifist  guys  are  workin  against 
nature,  hey?" 

"XTh-huh,"  agreed  Jim,  sleepily ;  "  keep  off  my  feet,  can't 
yer,  or  I'll  lob  one  onta  yer  jaw." 

London,  September  2. 


A  NEW  DEDICATION 

BY  JOHN   JAY   CHAPMAN 

The  following  poem  was  read  by  its  author  at  the  notable  exercises  held  in  celebration  of  Lafayette  Day  in  the  Aldemtanic  Chamber  of  • 
the  City  Hall  of  New  York  on  September  6.   Mr.  Chapman's  son  Victor,  our  readers  will  remember,  was  one  of  the  first  American  aTiatAr» 
to  be  killed  in  air  combat  with  the  Prussians  on  the  western  front  many  months  before  the  United  States  entered  the  war. — Thb  £oitoba. 


Again  we  gather  here. 

Beneath  the  segis  of  a  sacred  name, 

To  hold  our  feast,  and  with  our  altar-flame 

Signal  the  passage  of  the  furtive  year. 

Ams,  how  small  our  gifts,  how  light  appear 

Our  vows,  our  songs,  the  words  that  we  declaim  I 

— While  o'er  the  tortured  nations  from  afar 

Bolls  the  hot  breath  of  universal  war. 

Yet  must  I  speak :  Again  we  dedicate 
Ourselves,  our  children,  and  our  coimtry's  fame 
To  Her  from  whom  our  earliest  welcome  came. 
Once  more — but  now  in  arms — we  kneel. 
Like  Joan  of  Arc  in  shining  steel, 
A  sword  to  consecrate 
To  France,  and  to  the  cause  that  makes  her  great  I 

And  even  while  we  hold  our  holiday 

The  Allied  ranks  in  fierce  array 

Press  on  the  foe  like  huntsman  on  the  prey ; 

The  Wild  Boar  of  the  North  is  brought  to  bay  I 

Hark,  did  you  hear  the  triumph  in  the  air? 
Horns  and  hallooe, — a  universal  shout. 
The  hunters  have  him  ;  he  has  turned  about : 
The  Teuton  beast  is  lurching  toward  his  lair. 


The  Boar  is  sorely  wounded ;  but  beware ! 
Strike,  when  you  strike,  to  lull  I  For  in  his  eye 
Cunning  and  hatred  shine,  a  ghastly  pair ! 
Which  of  these  passions  is  the  last  to  die. 
When  both  are  linked  together  by  despair? 

'Tb  not  alone  the  havoc ;  but  his  breath 

Spreads  desecration  o'er  mankind. 

Beware  lest  in  his  gasp  of  death 

The  German  leave  behind 

A  sting  to  hurt  the  heart  of  man 

Worse  than  his  living  fury  can, — 

The  poison  of  his  mind. 

When  shall  the  shepherd  sup  in  peace  once  more. 
Or  tend  his  trellis  unafraid 

While  children  play  about  the  farmhouse  door 
And  cows  at  even  watch  the  river 
Beneath  the  elm  tree's  shade  ? 
Is  heart's  ease  gone  forever  ? 

Must  there  be  newer  anguish,  endless  strife  ? 

Ah,  hmitsman,  draw  the  knife 

That  kills  the  creature  at  the  core  I 

Plunge  the  bright  trimcheon  and  restore 
The  bloom  to  himian  life ! 


WHEN  THE  SOLDIER  COMES  BACK 

HOW   THE   GOVERNMENT   MAKES   COMPETENT   WAGE-EARNERS 

OUT   OF    DISABLED   SOLDIERS 

BY   GARRARD   HARRIS 


"  ^^  UPPOSE  by  reason  of  military  service  I  am  so  disabled 

^^  as  to  prevent  me  from  following  my  present  means  of 

i^_J  livelihood.    Suppose  I  am  injured  so  badly  as  to  be 

incapable  of  earning    anything    by  any  means  I  now  know. 

What  then?" 

Probably  every  enlisted  man  and  every  man  subject  to  the 
draft  has  asked  himself  those  questions. 

Not  only  is  the  man  himself  interested,  but  his  family,  his 
de))endents,  and  his  relatives  are  also  keenly  alive  to  the  impor- 
tance of  knowing  the  answer.  It  is  a  matter  of  common  knowl- 
edge that  the  Government  awards  a  pension  to  a  disabled  man. 
It  IS  also  generally  known  that  previously  pensions  have  been 
notoriously  inadequate.  Where  there  have  been  dependents 
actual  want  has  not  been  unknown  in  the  paat  to  those  whose 
main  reliance  was  this  form  of  repayment  of  the  Nation's  debt. 
A  matter  so  directly  affecting   the  livelihood,  existence,  and 


opportunity  of  so  vast  a  number  of  people  should  be  deaHr 
imderstood. 

It  may  be  stated  definitely,  in  response  to  the  inquiry.  AiL 
provided  there  is  enough  of  a  man  left  to  train,  he  will  be  I 
mtfensively  re-educated  for  some  practical  occupation  suited  tni 
his  remaining  capabilities,  made  proficient  therein,  and  givrati 
start  in  that  trade,  calling,  or  profession  for  which  he  has  qini>-< 
fied.  He  will  be  supported  while  undergoing  re-education.  ai>*< 
an  allowance  of  money  will  be  paid  toward  the  support  of  his  h»* 
ily  or  dependents  during  that  period.  When  he  is  finally  plaoJ 
through  Government  agencies  as  a  competent  worker  in  tin 
occupation  he  has  chosen,  then  his  pension  will  begin,  and  his 
earnings  will  be  supplemental  to  it.  The  pension  is  awardM 
upon  the  basis  of  his  injury,  impairment,  or  disability.  Hii 
earning  capacity,  either  before  his  entry  into  the  Army  or  1* 
ability  to  earn  after  being  re-educated  vocationally,  has  noef>4 


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)n  the  ainoiwt  awarded  him.  There  has  been  found  a  vague 
ief  in  some  quarters  that  if  a  disabled  man  is  educated  for  a 
lied  tnute  and  is  placed  at  good  wages  his  pension  is  affected 
reby  and  he  receives  less  than  he  would  otherwise.  Such  is 
:  at  all  the  fact. 

The  United  States  Government  took  the  enlightened  view 
t,  having  called  these  men  in  health  and  strength  from  occu- 
ions  affording  them  a  livelihood  according  to  the  abilities  of 
h,  the  moral  obligation  upon  the  Government  was  not  only 
award  a  compensation  for  injuries  received,  but  to  restore 
:  iftutus  qito  ante  as  far  as  is  possible  by  so  retraining  the 
abled  man  that  he  may  return  to  an  earning  status  in  civil 
K  Moreover,  the  Government  keeps  in  touch  with  him  after 
has  been'  vocationally  re-educated  and  placed  in  a  job,  in 
ter  to  insure  that  be  is  given  a  fair  start,  and  to  make  such 
ustments  as  may  be  necessary  to  effect  the  complete  transi- 
a  from  his  former  status  into  that  of  an  able  worker  in  the 
B  for  which  he  has  elected  to  be  retrained ;  to  see  that  he  is 
en  a  **  square  deal "  by  employers,  and  also  to  insist  that  he 

in  the  same  spirit  toward  the  concern  whose  pay-roll  his 
me  has  been  inscribed  upon. 

rhis,  in  brief,  is  the  programme.  The  Government  is  now 
Tying  it  out  under  the  supervision  and  direction  of  the  Fed- 
1  Board  for  Vocational  Education,  which  is  charged  specifi- 
ly  with  this  duty  by  the  law  which  provides  for  it.  This  law, 
>wn  as  the  "  Vocational  Rehabilitation  Act,"  was  signed  by 

President  June  27, 1918. 

There  is  much  confusion  and  misconception  in  the  public 
id  regarding  vocational  rehabilitation  of  the  disabled  soldier, 
e  Sunday  supplements  and  some  magazines  have  flooded  the 
intry  with  pictures  of  wounded  men  weaving  baskets,  rugs, 
1  mats,  using  scroll  saws  and  making  trinkets  of  various 
ds,  ontil  the  general  impression  seems  to  be  that  "  re-edu- 
ing  the  crippl«i  soldier  "  must  necessarily  be  along  the  line 
those  rather  non-essential  and  trivial  occupations,  and  there- 
e  the  real  work  is  not  appreciated  at  its  full  importance, 
e  common  idea  seems  to  be  that  a  disabled  soldier  must  be 
ght  to  do  one  of  these  "stunts,"  and  the  product  of  l)is 
ora  afterward  sold  as  a  more  camoufls^ed  and  modem  sort 
L'haritable  appeal  than  selling  pencils,  squawking  balloons, 
I  souvenirs  on  the  street  comers.  No  one  has  apparently  ever 
ired  up  the  enormous  output  of  baskets,  rugs,  mats,  ham- 
eks,  fish-nets,  paper-cutters,  wall  brackets,  paperweights,  and 
less  junk  there  would  be,  or  how  a  long-suffering  public 
Jd  be  expected  to  absorb  all  of  it ! 

rhe  trouble  has  been  that  the  Simday  supplement  artists  and 
rvcyors  of  superficial  information  never  realized  the  differ- 
«  between  "  occupational  therapy  "  and  real  vocational  re- 
ication.  If  a  man  is  set  to  weaving  baskets  in  a  hospital,  it 
irobably  because  he  has  stiffened  fingers,  or  wrists,  or  elbows, 
arm  muscles  in  need  of  exercise  to  be  brought  back  to  proper 
ictioning.  AUo  that  the  occupation  has  a  distinct  therapeutic 
ue,  in  that  it  keeps  the  patient's  mind  occupied  during  the 
ium  of  convalescence ;  and  medical  authorities  all  agree 
it  a  mind  diverted  from  brooding,  self-pity,  and  too  much 
rospection  is  a  wonderful  asset  toward  recovery.  So  it  is 
Ji  many  other  activities  which,  while  photographing  nicely 
I  affording  a  chance  for  properly  and  charmingly  costumed 
ies  to  appear  in  the  pictures  in  tiie  role  of  angek  of  mercy, 

not  at  all  convincmg  as  being  practical  and  profitable 
uimtions  for  disabled  men. 

something  over  eighty  per  cent  of  the  men  who  go  into  the 
pitals  are  either  able  to  return  to  the  ranks  or,  if  disabled 
IS  not  to  be  of  further  military  value,  are  able  to  return  to 
ir  pre-war  occupations,  and  do  not  need  any  retraining.  The 
tistica,  by  now  fairly  reliable  and  stabilized,  show  that  for 
TV  million  men,  in  service  there  are  approximately  ten  thou- 
id  each  year  who  will  have  been  so  badly  injured  as  to  neces- 
it<>  vocational  re-education. 

[t  is  alMi  a  common  error  to  call  these  men  "  crippled  "  sol- 
rs.  A  cripple,  to  speak  exactly,  is  one  who  has  lost  a  limb 
the  use  of  it.  The  numl>er  of  "  dismemberment  cases "  is 
dl — averaging  around  three  per  cent  of  the  total  injured. 

the  10,000  men  who  will  require  re-education,  annually 
[Mi  of  them  will  be  what  is  termed  "  medical  cases,"  as  dis- 
j^iiHhcHl   from   the   surgical   ones.    Of  the  5,000  "surgical 


cases  "  there  will  be  only  500  that  can  properly  be  termed 
"  cripples."  The  figures  further  show  that  of  the  500  dismem- 
berment cases  there  will  be  approximately  300  arm  amputa- 
tions and  200  leg  amputations.  Statistics  go  further  and  reveal 
that  the  percentage  of  left  legs  and  left  arms  taken  off  is  larger 
than  of  right  legs  and  arms.  This  is  due  to  the  exposed  position 
of  the  left  arm  m  firing  the  gun.  The  right  is  partiaUy  pro- 
tected by  the  stock.  In  firing  the  left  leg  is  advanced,  and 
therefore  more  exposed. 

But  a  man  is  not  necessarily  a  cripple  because  he  is  entirely 
unfitted  for  his  former  occupation^  and  therefore  a  proper  sub- 
ject for  re-education  and  placement  by  the  Government.  Nor 
IS  a  crippled  man  necessarily  incapacitated  from  pursuing  his 
former  occupation.  A  lawyer  or  school-teacher  or  civil  engmeer 
does  not  have  his  earning  capacity  impaired  by  the  loss  of  an 
arm  or  a  leg.  A  barber,  a  musician,  a  dentist,  does.  There  are 
no  hard  and  fast  rules  of  classification,  nor  can  there  be. 

A  study  of  the  first  1,483  compensation  claim  cases  on  the 
books  of  the  Federal  War  Risk  Insurance  Bureau — which  now 
awards  the  compensation,  or  "  pensions  " — is  most  illuminatinnr, 
and  makes  plain  that  traumatic  injuries  are  in  the  minority  as 
regards  disablements. 

Tuberculosis  of  the  liuigs  is  far  and  away  the  greatest  form 
of  disability  shown,  there  being  536  cases,  or  36.1  per  cent  of 
the  whole.  Heart  disease  comes  next,  with  10.7  per  cent ;  eye- 
sight cases,  3  per  cent ;  tuberculosis  of  the  bone,  2.8  per  cent ; 
rheimiatism,  3.6  per  cent ;  miscellaneous  wounds  and  injuries, 
2.6  per  cent ;  and  miscellaneous  diseases,  11.9  per  cent.  The 
number  of  cases  where  compensation  is  claimed  on  account  of 
wounds  and  injuries  to  the  legs,  necessitating  amputation,  total 
only  thirteen,  or  .9  per  cent  of  the  whole  niunber  injured.  The 
claims  for  amputated  arms  are  sixteen,  or  1.1  per  cent  of  the 
total  of  nearly  fifteen  hundred  cases.  Wounds  and  injuries  to  the 
legs  not  necessitating  amputation  were  forty-six,  or  3.1  per  cent ; 
wounds  and  injuries  to  arms  not  necessitating  amputation  twelve, 
or  8  per  cent  of  the  whole ;  and  injuries  to  the  hands  not 
necessitating  amputation  fifteen  cases,  or  approximately  1 
per  cent  Insanity  takes  5.5'  per  cent  and  deafness  1.3  per  cent. 
So  the  question  is  by  no  means  preponderately  that  of  the 
mutilated  man  and  basketry  or  rug  weaving,  Sunday  supple- 
ments and  "  sob-sister  stories "  in  the  papers  to  the  contrary 
notwithstanding. 

An  ex-boilermaker  of  magnificent  physique  may  have  devel- 
oped heart  disease,  and  the  doctors  certify  that  he  cannot  again 
endure  the  strain  of  swinging  heavy  sledges  and  lifting  con- 
siderable weights.  Manifestly,  he  must  be  re-educated  for  some 
occupation  not  involving  heavy  strain.  An  expert  bookkeeper 
may  show  up  with  tuberculosis,  arrested  by  hospital  treatment, 
but  the  medical  department  certifies  that  it  would  be  suicidal 
to  allow  him  to  return  to  the  sedentary,  indoor  life  of  poring 
over  ledgers  and  journals.  Like  Othello,  his  occupation  is 
absolutely  gone,  although  there  is  not  a  visible  scratch  upon 
him.  He  did  not  have  the  disease  imtil  he  was  crowded  in  a 
cantonment  or  had  to  live  like  a  mole  in  a  dugout  with  other 
men  who  had  the  disease.  The  Government  is  no  less  under 
obligation  to  fit  him  for  an  income-producing  career  than  the 
one  who  has  been  visibly  disabled.  A  farmer  boy  inay  have 
received  injuries  preventing  him  from  doing  heavy  manual 
labor,  and  yet  show  no  outward  sign — the  list  is  infinite  in  its 
combinations  of  possibilities. 

When  the  hospital  authorities  decide  that  a  man  is  so  injured 
that  he  cannot  be  returned  to  the  ranks,  and  is  probably 
incapacitated  from  following  his  former  means  of  making  a 
livelihood,  they  so  certify  to  the  Rehabilitation  Division  of  the 
Federal  Board  for  Vocational  Education.  If  the  man  is,  say,  hi 
the  Walter  Reed  Hospital,  at  Washington,  the  case  is  referre<l  to 
the  District  Vocational  Officer  who  has  charge  of  that  territory 
in  the  case  supposetl,  with  headquarters  at  606  F  Street  N.  W., 
Washington.  The  entire  country  is  divided  into  districts,  with 
a  competent  man  in  charge  of  each  district.  The  "  D.  V.  O.," 
as  he  is  usually  designated,  sends  one  of  hisstaff  of  "  vocational 
advisers  "  out  to  see  the  man  and  go  over  the  situation  with  him. 

The  vocational  adviser  finds  out  what  the  man  knows  of  a 
trade  or  m-cupation,  if  he  has  any,  catalogues  hira  as  to  intelli- 
gence and  educ^ation,  ascertains  his  preference  for  another  trade 
or  some  branch  of  his  old  one,  and  finally  works  the  situation 


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tlown  to  where  a  preference  is  expressed  for  some  particular 
occupation.  The  medical  authorities  are  consulted  as  to  whether, 
in  view  of  the  man's  injuries  and  general  health,  the  occupation 
would  be  a  suitable  one,  and,  if  their  verdict  is  favorable,  the 
case  is  taken  up  vrith  the  War  Risk  Insurance  Bureau.  Suppose 
the  patient  was  formerly  a  structural  iron  worker,  but  has  an 
amputated  leg,  the  injury  of  course  putting  an  end  to  his 
clambering  around  on  sky-scrapers  or  bridges  m  coui-se  of  con- 
struction. He  expressed  the  desire  to  fit  himself  for  office  work 
with  a  company  making  structural  steel.  During  his  long  con- 
valescence he  is  put  to  work  on  the  course — studying  mathe- 
matics, stenography,  or  bookkeeping ;  stock  keeping,  the  han- 
dling of  accounts,  manufacturing  costs  and  processes,  office 
management,  correspondence ;  figuring  specifications,  or  what 
not,  pertaining  to  the  work ;  his  basic  foimdation  of  education 
dictates  where  he  shall  start  in  his  lessons. 

By  the  time  the  medical  authorities  have  certified  that  they 
have  done  all  possible  to  be  done  for  him  he  has  been  fitted 
with  the  best  artificial  leg  that  science  and  skill  can  produce  and 
tnoney  can  buy,  and  he  is  g^ven  his  discharge  from  the  Army. 
His  relations  tiienceforwara  are  with  the  Federal  Board  for 
Vocational  Education,  Rehabilitation  Division,  a  civilian  insti- 
tution for  turning  soldiers  back  into  civilians.  His  training 
compensation  begins  at  once  upon  his  dischai^fe.  There  has  been 
already  a  technological  institution  picked  out  for  him  to  attend 
— one  of  the  best  in  the  country,  which  has  prepared  courses 
of  the  most  practical  sort,  approved  by  the  Federal  Board.  He 
is  given  transportation  there,  entered  npon  a  course  leading  to 
proficiency  as  he  desires,  and  is  given  individual  instruction  by 
men  who  are  specialists  in  their  lines.  His  fare  is  paid  to  tlie 
institution,  his  books  are  paid  for,  his  tuition  is  paid,  and  he 
is  g^ven  an  allowance  sufficient  to  pay  his  board,  funiish  clothes, 
laundry,  and  incidentals.  The  allowance  to  his  wife  and  family 
or  other  dependents  continues  precisely  as  if  he  were  still  in  the 
Army. 

There  is  no  fixed  time  in  which  he  must  finish  the  course.  The 
object  is  to  make  him  thorough  and  competent.  Meanwhile  the 
United  States  Department  of  Labor  has  been  informed  that  he 
is  in  training  for  a  job  of  a  certain  type.  This  Department, 
commanded  by  the  Rehabilitation  Law  to  cooperate  with  the 
Federal  Board,  begins  a  systematic  search  for  employment  for 
him  if  openings  are  not  already  listed.  State  boards  of  employ- 
ment are  consulted.  He  is  to  be  placed  near  his  home  in  every 
instance  possible,  and  that  is  a  most  important  factor  in  deter- 
mining in  the  first  instance  what  he  is  to  train  for — the  chances 
of  steady  employment  in  that  line  near  where  he  has  his  home, 
friends,  and  associations. 

When  the  man  has  finished  his  course,  his  job  is  ready  for 
him.  He  is  given  transportation  to  that  job,  and  agents  of  the 
Federal  Board  keep  a  watch  on  him  to  help  him  over  the  rough 
places,  if  any  occur,  and  make  adjustments.  When  he  has 
demonstrated  that  he  is  capable  and  can  "carry  on,"  this 
supervision  is  relaxed.  His  titeining  compensation  and  family 
allowance  cease;  then,  automatically,  his  pension  begins  and 
supplements  his  earnings. 

He  is  back  to  civil  life  again.  Oftentimes  he  is  better  off 
than  before  he  was  injured.  The  work  is  too  young  in  the 
United  States  for  placement  to  have  occurred,  the  bill  having 
been  signed  only  on  June  27,  and  over  two  months  were  neces- 
sarily occupied  in  getting  the  organization  started  ;  but  in  early 
September  the  work  of  re-educating  the  men  actuaUy  began. 
Canada,  which  uses  the  same  system,  has  definitely  demon- 
stratecl  that  sometimes  through  the  pain  and  suffering  of  a 
physical  disability  a  man  arrives  at  his  real  opportunity  in  life. 

In  a  list  of  five  hundred  cases  reported  to  the  Federal  Board 
by  the  Canadian  reconstruction  authorities  there  are  a  number 
of  farm-h^ds,  who  before  the  war  probably  receive<l  f  25  a 
month  and  board,  and  with  no  prospect  of  ever  being  anything 
else,  except  possibly  small  farmers  on  their  own  account.  These 
men  have  been  re-educated  and  placed.  One  took  a  course  in 
scientific  dairying.  He  is  manager  of  a  creamery  now  at  a  salary 
of  $110  a  mouth.  Another  was  educated  in  motor  mechanics, 
and  obtained  a  half-interest  in  a  flourishing  garage  business  on 
account  of  his  knowle<lge  of  motors  and  repairs.  Five  were 
educated  as  farm  tractor  operators  and  this  la^t  season  were  at 
work.    One  was  paid  $5  a  day  and  his  board  by  a  large 


farm  ;  another  wa«  paid  $85  per  month  and  board,  and  odii 
received'Btraight  salaries  of  $llQ^and  $100  per  month,  openij 
these  tractors,  plowing,  and  running  farm  machinery.  A  oooui 
railway  track  laborer  was  re-educated  as  an  oxyaoetyk 
welder,  and  is  employed  at  54  cents  an  hour,  or  $4.32  per  a^ 
hour  day.  He  formerly  made  $1.50  swinging  a  pick  and  Aa 
and  tamping  cross-ties.  A  grocery  clerk  at  $10  a  week  lost  I 
right  arm  ;  he  took  the  commercial  course,  and  is  now  ihd 
large  insurance  company  in  Montreal  at  $90  a  month.  Aoalt 
was  a  clerk  in  a  bakery  and  driver  of  a  bakery  wagtm  hm 
the  war.  He  developed  heart  disease,  was  trained  in  stenof 
phy,  and  is  employed  at  $100  per  month.  The  list  m^ 
extended  indefinitely.  The  same  thing  is  bound  to  ocour  m  I 
United  States. 

Wherever  possible  the  former  occupation  of  the  man  a  h 
upon,  but  there  are  so  many  considerations  entering  into  I 
that  it  cannot  be  a  hard  and  fast  rule.  There  are  some,  and 
most  difficult  ca»ea  of  all,  where  there  is  illiteracy  and  no  iaa 
occupation  save  that  of  common  laborer.  When  these  pi 
fellows  lost  their  strength,  they  lost  their  chief  asset,  and  * 
doubly  hard  to  do  anything  with  them.  But  they  are  gives  ^ 
fundamentals  of  an  education,  and  the  most  is  made  of  tk 
remaining  capabilities.  Even  in  their  limited  field  tlieyi 
better  off  than  as  "  half-brothers  to  the  ox,"  with  stoengtik 
their  only  stock  in  trade. 

The  work  is  going  forward  carefully  and  in  a  satisbeM 
manner.  The  Rehabilitation  Division  of  the  Federal  Bouii 
functioning  as  desired,  and  the  disabled  men  are  heinj  i 
educated — equipped  to  do  real  work  at  a  real  man's  wag«. 

One  of  the  greatest  difficulties  encountered  has   been  I 
misconception  of  business  men — employers  who  still  retain  I 
notion  that  a  re-educated  man  means  one  who  has  been  taq 
to  do  such  work  as  make  baskets  and  weave  mats.  It  is  as 
sistent  as  a  burr  or  an  installment  furniture  collector. 
seem  hard  to  convince  that  the  disabled  men  can  be  madt 
cient.  "Jobs  by  force  of  fitness  "  instead  of  favor  seem 
prehensible  to  some  of  them,  who,  to  do  them  cretlit  *] 
perfectly   willing  to  burden   their  pay-rolls  with   what 
believe  are  incompetents,  and  carry  this  weight  as  a 
their  contribution  of  patriotism. 

Employment  o£  that  type  is  of  course  not  sought.    Effi 
being  made  to  concentrate  the  attention  of  employers,  not 
what  the  man  has- lost,  but  upon  what  he  has  left,  and 
it  will  be  found  that  the  assets  remaining  to  a  man  who 
been  disabled  far  outweigh  those  that  are  missing. 

This,  in  brief,  is  the  general  course  of  vocational  re-edudl 
and  rehabilitation  in  the  United  States.  There  are  a  p 
many  people  who  have  expressed  a  desire  to  help  individa 
the  wounded  and  disabled  pien.  Congress  provided  a  in| 
the  law  which  created  the  vocational  rehabilitation  diviata 
the  Federal  Board.  It  authorized  a  "  gift  fiuid,"  by  meaa 
which  the  Federal  Board  may  receive  imconditional  gifts  l 
use  these  gifts  at  discretion  in  aiding  the  work ;  itemized  at 
diture  reports  are  to  be  made  of  this,  as  of  other  funds,  to  C 
gross,  and  the  moneys  to  be  kept  in  the  United  States  Trewi 
It  is  quite  conceivable  that  a  man  may  be  re-educated  for  a  te 
and  need  an  outfit  of  tools  and  such  iDce  practical  philanthn) 
which  the  gift  fund  will  make  possible,  in  this  ^way  indiridi 
may  feel  that  they  are  directly  contributing  to  the  welftK 
the  disabled  fighters,  and  are  assured  that  every  cent  u  p 
for  the  general  object  for  which  they  give. 

The  re-education  does  not  necessarily  mean  in  mannal 
The  Federal  Board  assures  the  men  that  no  career  is 
a  disabled  man,  provided  he  is  fit  for  it  and  it  is  the 
sense  thing  for  him.    Some  four  hundred  trades,  ovca[ 
and  professions  are  listed  and  instruction  provi<led  for 
but  if  there  should  be  others  and  special  ones  and  ovenrl 
ingly  good  reasons  for  a  man  taking  a  different  one,  he  is 
that  coui-se. 

The  help  the  individual  can  give  is  not  in  misplaced  sympil 
or  commiseration  of  a  woUnded  and  disabled  soldier.  That  if 
help ;  it  is  a 'detriment,  and  saps  his  manhood.  Theservitvil 
make  him  feel  that  he  still  has  a  man's  part  to  play,  and  the  t 
way  to  do  that  is  to  take  the  re-educational  course,  fit  Utt 
to  be  an  inde])endent,  self-respecting  wage-earner  and  citil 
' "  I  pension  be  just  that  innch  extra  money  comin? 


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OF   FRANCESCO  MARIO   GUARDABASSI 


(OCTOBER  26,  1917) 

BY  CLINTON   SCOLLARD 


In  the  olden  days  and  spacious. 

We  have  read  how  brave  Horatius 

M  a  bridge-head  of  the  Tiber  when  the  Etruscans  threatened 

Rome; 
Hear  how  Captain  Guardabassi,   . 
Tall  and  muscular  ind  maasy, 
eld  the  bridge  at  Tjatisana  frcnn  the  dawning  to  the  gloam 

When  his  oonntrymen  were  driven 

From  the  Carso,  rent  and  riven, 

ick  upon  the  Tagliamento,  rose  amid  the  ranks  a  shout ; 

Swelled  like  hiving  bees  a-huuuning, — 

"Austrian  cavalry  are.oomingi" 

bere  was  peril  of  a  panic  ;  there  was  danger  of  a  rout. 

Then  the  gallant  grenadier,  he 
A  Perugian  stanch  and  cheery, 

loed  the  streaming  troops  that  jostled  at  the  tidings  they 
had  heard; 


"  Hold  I"  he  cried ;  "  and  hark  to  reason ! 
There  is  treachery ;  there  is  treason ; 
For  the  Austrians  are  not  coming !"  and  they  halted  at  his 
word. 

Then  with  other  souls  undaunted, 

How  he  floated,  how  he  flannted 
At  the  faltering  and  fearsome,  with  his  scornful  eyes  ashine ! 

How  he  stood  and  stemmed  and  stormed  them 

Till  he  rallied  and  reformed  them. 
And  they  marched  in  steady  columns  to  the  safe  Piave  line ! 

So,  O  masterful  Mario, 

Ere  we  say  to  you  addio, 
Take  the  guerdon  of  these  plaudits  wheresoever  you  may 
be! 

Your  indomitable  deed  there. 

In  the  vital  hour  of  need  there, 
Shows  the  stirring  verve  and  valor  in  the  heart  of  Italy. 


THE  AIRPLANE  MYTH  AND  THE  WAR 

BY  LAURENCE  LA  TOURETTE  DRIGGS 


I  JACQUES  MORTANE,  that  most  devoted  historian 
of  Fi-ench  aviation,  has  sent  me  an  interesting  account 
•  of  Grermany's  perfidious  selection  of  an  excuse  for 
kring  war  upon  France  in  Atigust,  1914'.  It  is  unknown  to 
I  of  us,  or  perhaps  has  been  rorgotten,  that  with  self-sacri- 
g  anxiety  France  withdrew  her  own  troops  six  miles  from 
Serman  border  during  those  last  few  days  of  peace  in  order 
lord  her  domineering  neighbor  no  opportunity  for  picking 
arrel  that  might  be  made  the  excuse  for  begmning  actuu 
ilities. 

ermany,  thus  adroitly  foiled  in  her  contemplated  plans, 
erately  besought  a  suitable  affront  in  other  directions  upon 
h  to  hane  her  perfunctory  declaration  of  war.  Under  the 
ailing  nites,  Germany  must  find  a  raison  de  guerre.  Further, 
this  was  of  more  importance,  Germany  must  be  on  the 
isive,  not  the  aggressive,  in  order  to  hold  Italy  to  her  treaty 
lianoe  in  case  of  war. 

was  under  these  circumstances,  then,  that  Baron  Schoen, 
jrerman  Ambassador  in  Paris,  handed  to  M.  Yiviani,  Presi- 
of  the  Council  and  Minister  of  Foreign  Affairs,  the  f  oUow- 
aote  on  August  3,  1914,  at  6  VM.  It  was  the  declaration 
IT  that  set  the  world  aflame. 

'.  President  : 

rhe  German  administrative  and  military  authorities  have  as- 
tained  and  verified  a  certain  number  of  hostile  acts  committed 
French  military  aviators  on  German  territory.  Many  of  these 
atora  have  manifestly  violated  the  neutrality  of  Belgium  in 
ing  over  Belgian  territory.  One  of  them  attempted  to  destroy 
lomgs  near  Wesel ;  others  have  been  seen  in  the  vicinity  of  ■ 
fel :  another  has  thrown  bombs  on  Karlsruhe  and  Nuremberg. 
[  am  directed  to  notify  you,  and  I  have  the  honor  now  to 
juaint  your  Excellency,  that,  because  of  these  aggressions,  the 
rman  Empire  considers  itself  to  be  in  a  state  of  war  with 
knee,  by  reason  of  the  acts  of  the  latter  Power, 
kindly  accept,  Mr.  President,  the  expression  of  my  high 
sideration.  Schoex. 

«  world,  generaUy  speaking,  smiled  in  derision  at  this 
rr  subterfi^.  Even  Italy,  lx>und.  as  she  was  by  her  treaty 
Germany  to  assist  her  against  any  attack  made  upon  her 
ther  Powers,  remained  skeptical  concerning  the  truth  of 
allegations.  Later,  when  not  only  France,  but  Belgium  as 
denied  emphatically  that  any  such  air  cruises  hail  been 
^  Italy  viewed  with  increasing  suspicion  the  allege<l  facts 


of  which  an  outraged  and  defensive  Germany  so  ^thetically 
complained.  Only  ti\e  Germans  dung  to  the  hypocritical  belief 
that  France  had  oegpin  hostilities. 

It  was  upon  the  receipt  of  the  following  teleg^ram  from  Berlin, 
dated  August  2,  at  3:15  p.m.,  that  the  puzzled  inhabitants  of 
Nuremberg  learned  for  the  first  time  of  the  indecent  assault  of 
which  they  themselves  had  been  the  unconscious  victims : 
There  has  just  arrived  information  from  a  military  source 
stating  that  to-day,  in  the  afternoon,  French  aviators  threw 
bombs  into  Nurembeiv.   Since  a  declaration  of  wa^  between 
Grermany  and  France  has  not  yet  been  made,  this  act  constitutes 
a  violation  of  public  rights. 

It  should  be  borne  in  mind  that  the  above  telegram  of  notifi- 
cation came  from  Berlin.  An  answer,  however,  was  qmokly 
forthcoming.  The  Director  of  Railways  of  Nuremberg  immedi- 
ately replied  with  this  priceless  message — a  message  which 
should  some  day  receive  tne  judicial  attention  of  the  civilized 
world : 

Some  aviators  have  thrown  bombs  on  the  Ansbach-Nuremberg 

line  and  on  the  Nuremberg-Kissingen  line.   No  danutge  done'. 

The  italics  are  my  own.  Their  importance  will  be  seen  in  a 
subsequent  paragraph.  And  thus  was  an  opportunity  manu- 
factured which  permitted  Germany  to  inarch  her  troops  glori- 
ously upon  inoffensive  France,  through  neutral  Belgium,  while 
insisting  at  the  same  time  that  Italy  hurry  forward  at  onoe,  as 
she,  under  her  treaty,  had  promised  to  do,  and  help  defend 
Germany  from  this  unwarranted  attack  I 

Two  years  passed  before  illuminating  comments  from  German 
sources  helped  to  light  up  this  Nuremberg  incident.  Then  Pro- 
fessor Sohwalbe,  editor  of  a  medical  journal,  the  "  Deutsche 
Medicinisehe  Wochenschreibe,"  avowed  in  his  columns  that  he 
had  been  persuaded  into  error  when  he  had  accepted  as  truthful 
thb  legend  of  airplane  bombardment  npon  the  Nuremberg 
railway  tracks. 

Professor  Schwalbe  even  went  so  far  as  to  declare  that  the 
story  of  this  French  attack  was  wholly  false,  and  that  the  munici- 
pal authorities  of  Nureml>erg  had  themselves  pronounced  it  false 
in  the  following  statement,  which  they  had  published,  and  which 
he  quoted : 

The  commanding  o£Bcer  of  the  Third  Corps  of  the  Bavarian 

Army,  which  is  in>iureniberg,  has  no  knowledge  of  the  fact  that 

either  before  or  after  the  declaration  of  war  bombs  had  been 


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dropped  by  enemy  aviators  on  the  Nuremberg- Kissingen  or  on  the 
Nuremberg- Ansoach  railroad  lines.  All  the  aflBrmations,  and  all 
other  information  on  this  subject  that  has  been  published  in  the 
press,  are  now  discovered  to  be  apparently  unfounded  in  fact. 

And  the  German  censor  permitted  the  publication  of  this 
nostra  culpa .' 

A  further  bit  of  German  newspaper  gossip  likewise  passed  the 
censor  and  found  its  way  into  France.  The  "  Karlsruhe  Volks- 
freund,"  of  the  date  July  21,  1916,  published  the  following 
interesting  comment  on  this  subject : 

On  August  2,  1914,  the  official  Bavarian  Agency  announced 
that  French  aviators  had  been  seen  throwing  bombs  on  the  Nu- 
remberg-Ansbach  and  tlie  Nuremberg-Kissingen  railroad  tracks. 
The  Cologne  "  Grazette  "  of  August  o,  1914,  made  public  this 
information,  and  later,  at  tlie  Reichstag,  the  Chancellor  presented 
this  violation  of  rights  as  one  of  the  causes  of  the  rupture  be- 
tween Germany  and  France. 

In  France  they  have  always  affirmed  that  this  f  tory  was  pure 
invention,  and  this  contention  we  have  considered  as  only  one 
more  proof  of  the  impudent  bad  faith  of  the  French.  But  now    - 
the  truth  is  out. 

Professor  Schwalbe,  after  receiving  some  official  explanations, 
has  been  obliged  to  retract  his  "  outside  information  concern- 
ing a  pretended  violation  of  German  territory  by  French  avia- 
tors. He  had  published  this  in  the  "  Deutsche  Medicinische 
Wochenschreibe  "  of  March  18,  1916.  The  German  newspapers 
have  mentioned  this  retraction  without  stopping  at  that. 

Truly  it  is  to  be  regretted  that  the  official  declarations  made 
to  Professor  Schwalbe  were  not  made  on  the  4th  of  August, 
1914.  One  would  have  been  able  then  to  have  discovered  who 
was  the  author  of  this  falsehood  and  would  have  prevented  the 
German  Ambassador  from  depending  upon  fitlse  news  to  sup- 
port a  declaration  of  war,  as  was  the  case  with  Ambassador 
Schoen  on  the  3d  of  August  at  Paris. 

But  this  announcemont  made  on  Augnst  2  by  the  adminis- 
trative and  military  authorities,  and  which  on  April  3, 1916,  ia 
denied  by  these  same  authorities,  is  a  queer  contradiction. 

The  facts  are  that  von  Below,  the  German  Minister  at  Brus- 
sels, went  to  the  Belgian  Minister  of  Foreign  Affairs  at  eleven 
o'clock  in  tlie  evening  of  August  2, 1914,  and  told  him  that  a 
French  dirigible  balloon  htM  dropped  bombs  into  Germany. 
Thus  this  French  airman  who  violated  German  territory'  and 
brought  on  the  war  takes  an  aspect  more  and  more  extraordinary, 
for  he  ctianges  in  his  journey  between  von  Below  in  Brussels 
and  Schoen  m  Paris,  from  a  dirigible  balloon  to  an  airplane, 
in  wliich  latter  guise  he  continues  until  April  3, 1916,  when  the 
German  authorities  clear  up  the  mystery. 

One  is  astonished  to  see  the  calmness  of  public  opinion  in  neu- 
tral countries  on  this  subject.  It  is  impossible  that  this  affair 
will  rest  as  it  is.  So  great  will  its  importance  in  history  be,  it 
will  some  day  be  necessary  to  clear  np  every  detail  of  these 
facts. 

The  dirigible  balloon  referred  to  above  was  alleged  to  have 
been  seen  on  August  2  between  Keynich  and  Andemach — some 
130  miles  inside  German  lines  I  Rather  difficult  to  explain  the 
imperfect  eyesight  of  the  Germans  who  permitted  it  to  penetrate 
so  far  unnoticed.  Too  difficult  altogether!  So  subsequently 
the  German  authorities  telegraphed  to  Ambassador  Schoen  in 
Paris  that  it  was  not  a  dirigible  but  a  French  airplane  that 
had  thus  oifended  German  territory.  And,  to  avoid  any  mistake 
in  identifying  it,  they  took  the  precaution  of  shooting  it  down.' 
Following  is  the  telegram  received  by  the  German  Ambassador 
on  this  subject,  on  August  3,  at  1:05  P.M.: 

A  French  aviator  who  was  flying  over  Belgian  territory  was 
"  brought  down "  when  he  tried  to  destroy  the  railroad  track 
near  Wesel. 

This  amazing  contribution  to  the  mystery — the  "  bringing 
down  "  of  the  first  airplane  in  warfare — considerably  perplexed 
the  French  authorities,  who  still  trusted  in  German  allegations, 
for,  search  as  they  might,  no  French  airplane  or  avii^tor  was 
missing.  Even  the  most  trusting,  however,  eventually  observed 
that  no  German  agent  had  the  audacity  to  name  the  infamous 
French  airman  who  brought  on  this  dreadful  war  by  dropping 
bombs  "  near  Wesel."  Wesel  is  beyond  the  Rhine  over  one 
hundred  miles  from  France.  If  he  first  flew  over  Belgian  ter- 
ritory, he  made  a  continuous  flight  of  over  two  hundred  miles  I 
Such  a  momentous  airplane  flight  in  those  early  days  of  aviation 
would  have  been  creditable  and  noteworthy  under  any  circum- 
stances. But  when  this  same  feat  of  long-distanoe  flying  secured 


the  additional  distinction  of  affording  Germany  a  muclnldn 
casus  belli,  it  is  small  wonder  tlmt  French  airmen  b^ 
anxiously  to  check  off  their  list  of  pilots  in  an  attempt  t(j  di 
cover  the  identity  of  this  mysterious  captured  bomber.  Bt 
despite  their  trouble,  his  identity  continued  to  elude  them,  u 
with  an  unusual  forbearance  even  Germany  has  never  to  lli 
day  announced  the  name  of  this  famous  unknown.  Sod 
instigator  of  this  most  ruinous  war  in  all  history  must  go  doi 
to  posterity  unnamed ! 

But  during  these  same  momentous  days  a  considerable  m 
ber  of  other  causes  of  war  were  complained  of  by  Gemaii 
The  Wolff  Agency  announced,  in  despatches  which  sudda 
startled  all  Germany,  that  on  August  2  a  French  airplane  la 
bombarded  peaceful,  unprovocative  Karlsruhe,  another  Cobia 
and  still  another  had  dropped  bombs  on  distant  CoIi^e.  Tb 
to  be  up  and  on  the  defensive  i^ainst  these  murderous  desgi 
of  France  I 

Not  imtil  August  10  did  it  occur  to  the  terror-stricken  A 
zens  of  C!ologne  to  publish  to  the  world  the  result  of  their  i 
vestigation  of  these  French  outrages.  Upon  that  date,  a  m 
ftfter  war  had  been  declared,  the  Cologne  "Gazette"  Stat 
timorously:  " 

"  It  is  true  that  one  or  two  airplanes  were  seen  above  d 
city,  but  no  one  seems  certain  w/iether  they  were  enemi/  d 
planes  or  our  own  f"  There  we  are  again !  Some  airptm 
dropped  bombs  on  the  Nuremberg  line !  Whose  airidaiiei  n 
they — if  any  ? 

tfacques  Mortane,  the  writer,  in  a  burst  of  sorrowful  ij 
suggests  at  this  point  that  had  the  Kuser,  depri  ved  of  his  airpkl 
exooses,  looked  from  his  window  aqd  seen  troops  in  the  «tn« 
of  Berlin,  he  would  have  pulled  down  the  shades  and  decliri 
war  immediately,  upon  the  supposition  that  they  were  Froj 
troops! 

The  infamy  of  the  Boche  is  astonishingly  exemplified  t?! 
comparison  of  the  above  confused  charges  of  alleged  Frai 
misdeeds  with  a  statement  of  coeval  activity  of  German  i 
planes.  Two  examples  are  sufficient. 

On  the  afternoon  of  August  1, 1914,  two  days  before  war  4 
declared,  a  German  Taube  flew  at  low  altitude  over  the  cin 
Lun^ville,  in  France,  twenty  miles  from  the  German  boHf 
and  dropped  two  small  bombs  into  the  streets  of  the  citj.  Bf 
rare  chance  no  one  was  killed.  Whether  this  affront  w>»  i 
tended  to  lure  a  reprisal  airplane  attack  by  the  Freocli. 
whether  this  pirate  assault  upon  an  innocent  town  gave  to  f 
Boche  imagination  the  necessary  impetus  to  frame  up  the  {i 
tesque  charges  against  French  airmen,  which  were  subseqnrt 
despatched  to  the  German  Ambassador  in  Paris,  is  of  no  cot 
quence.  It  serves  to  indicate  the  perfidy  of  a  nation  bent  on  a 

The  second  example  is  still  more  illuminative.  On  Angnit; 
1914,  three  hours  before  Ambassador  Schoen  had  bandni  I 
declaration  of  war  to  President  Viviani,  Sergeant  Maire  w»'< 
up  in  a  Farman  airplane  to  reconnoiter  over  the  French  W 
north  and  east  of  Nancy.  All  French  troops  were  at  that  d 
meut  sedulously  posted  ten  kilometers  back  of  the  bord«  5| 
so  as  to  permit  the  Germans  no  opportimity  of  picking  a  (foii 
Armed  German  soldiers  were  already  stationed  all  alonjl 
boi-der.  Maire  was  to  make  a  cruise  to  see  how  far  over  the! 
they  had  pushed. 

Sergeant  Maire  took  with  him  his  mechanic,  Donnat 
at  low  altitude  along  the  front  of  his  own  lines,  and 
always  to  keep  well  within  French  territory  to  avoid  givin 
■  German  troops  any  pretext  for  complaint,  he  suddeaol;  ■ 
himself  flying  through  a  hail  of  bullets.  German  troop 
over  the  border  and  inside  the  French  territory  firing  at 
with  their  rifles ! 

The  engine  was  struck  by  bullets  and  disabled.  Miin 
obliged  to  land.  Gliding  towards  home,  he  reached  the  bi 
possible  point  from  the  Germans,  who  were  still  fiwi 
him ;  and  the  two  Frenchmen,  throwing  themselves  out  of 
machine,  ran  for  their  lives. 

They  reached  their  own  command  before  nightfall, 
wrathfully  told  the  story  of  the  willful  attack  made  upon 
by  the  German  troops. 

Their  recital,  however,  was  interrupted  by  the  over*W 
news  of  the  declaration  of  war !  And  thus  fell  the  first  air 
in  war — before  war  was  declared ! 


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371 


THE    GHOST   OF   THE    VILLAGE 

BY   PHILIP  CARYL  JESSUP,  107th   INFANTRY.  A.  E.  F. 

Tramp,  tramp,  through  the  silent  street, 
The  thonghtless,  weary  tread  of  feet 
Of  men  of  the  line  comes  marching  down 
Through  the  shattered  wreck  of  a  Belgian  town. 

But  hark !   In  tho  weirdly  pale  moonlight 
The  ghost  of  the  village  walks  to-night. 

Tramp,  tramp,  with  nnceasbe  tread, 
Past  mined  homes  of  the  hallowed  dead, 
'Neath  broken  casement  and  shell-pierced  wall, 
Past  shop  and  villa,  church  and  haQ — 
Listen  to  footsteps  soft  and  light ; 
The  ghost  of  the  village  walks  to-night 

Tramp,  tramp,  they  go  trudging  through 
The  streets  oi  the  village,  two  by  two ; 
The  muffled  echoes  carry  along 
The  burden  of  Be^pum's  woe-miught  song : 
Yet  hear  that  7»o<»f  through  grief  and  pain — 

"  The  pulse  of  the  village  shall  beat  again !" 
Somewhire  in  Fnooe,  Angnst,  1918. 


FILLING   THE   COAL    CONSERVATION    BIN 

SDCCESTIONS  PREPARED  FOR  THE  OUTLOOK  BY  THE 
UNITED  STATES  FUEL  ADMINISTRATION 


WHEN  the  war  is  over  and  workers 
settle  down  once  n^ore  to  aca- 
demic pnrroits,  one  can  fancy  Uiat 
a  new  dictioiuuy  will  ap])ear,  and 
that  it  will  contain  new  definitions  for 
many  old  words.  For  instance,  the  word 
eoal  will  doubtless  no  longer  rest  upon  the 
deacription,  "  An  amorphous  substance  de- 
rived from  the  vegetation  of  prehistoric 
ages;"  but  will  receive  such  a  tribute  as 
tnis, "  A  potent  substance  out  of  which  was 
developed  the  mechanical  power  which  gave 
vietoty  to  the  United  States  and  her  ulies 
in  the  worid  war." 

Witboot  the  coal  ^^lich  war  production 
needs  the  AUtes'  armies  cannot  break 
through  the  enemy  ranks  on  the  western 
front ;  the  struggle  will  be  protracted  in- 
definitely or  lost.  Man  power  we  have; 
mechanical  power,  which  gives  efficiency 
and  protection  to  man  power,  depends  on 
the  amount  of  coal  we  feed  to  our  war 
factoiies. 

Why,  one  mq^  ask,  when  the  earth 
ecmtains  more  tmui  three  trillion  tons  of 
coal,  should  oar  war  production  lag  for  lack 
of  fael?  Ourdifficnltv  is  to  g^et  the  amount 
which  we  need  out  ot  the  earth.  To  this  is 
added  the  task  of  carrying  coal  from  the 
mines  to  the  consumers.  The  ranks  of  the 
miners  have  been  thinned  by  the  draft  and 
enlistments.  The  transportation  of  war 
supplies  has  overtaxed  cars,  locomotives, 
tra^,  and  sidings.  In  ten  years  oar  coal 
ou^mt  has  increased  seventy  per  cent  and 
oar  coal  can  only  twenty  per  cent  The 
new  railway  equipment  falls  short  of  neces- 
■aiy  replaMments.  This  is  due  to  the  diffi- 
culty 01  procuring  raw  materials  and  labor 
in  sufficient  quantities. 

The  difficulty  of  transporting  coal  is  in- 
creased bv  the  &ct  that  our  densest  popu- 
lation ana  busiest  industries  and  ports  U'e 
huddled  together  in  certain  Eastern  States. 
Seventy  per  cent  of  all  the  tonnage  of  the 
United  States  must  be  dealt  with  in  the 
New  Enghuid  and  Eastern  section,  with  a 
resulting  congestion  of  facilities,  particu- 
larly in  the  winter,  which  has  wrought  hard- 
ships and  delayed  production,  for  mine 
operations  cease  when  c^  cannot  be  taken 
away  from  the  mines. 

During  1918— that  is,  during  the  coal 


year  which  runs  from  April,  1918,  to  April, 
1919 — we  expect  to  luine  nearly  two  hun- 
dred million  tons  more  than  we  mined  in 
1914,  but  even  this  vast  amount  is  not 
enough.  There  must,  however,  be  some  way 
of  making  available  the  hundred  million 
more  tons  of  coal  which  are  absolutely 
necessary  for  this  year's  war  programme. 
Without  them  the  casualty  lists  will  grow 
longer  and  longer  and  be  multiplied  by  the 
passing  of  lon^,  indecisive  months  of  war- 
fare. The  Umted  States  Fuel  Administra- 
tion says :  "  This  year  war  demands  one 
hundred  million  more  tons  of  coal  than  were 
mined  last  year.  We  can  mine  fifty  million 
extra  tons  and  get  it  to  the  consumers  ;  the 
other  fifty  miUion  tons  must  be  saved  by  a 
National  conservation  army.  The  conser- 
vation army  is  formed  of  two  divisions — 
industrial  consumers  and  domestic  consum- 
ers. Industrial  consumers  must  save  thirty- 
five  million  tons,  domestic  consumers  m- 
teen  million  tons." 

Investigation  among  industrial  plants 
showed  an  amount  of  waste  astonishmg  to 
the  bmnan,  although  to  engineers  the  nets 
had  been  familiar  always.  For  instance, 
the  waste  of  fuel  in  the  furnace  of  one 
comparatively  modem  boiler  plant  was 
forty  tiioosand  tons  a  year.  And  investiga- 
tion of  other  steam-power  plants  developed 
the  astounding  fact  that,  on  an  average,  tnev 
were  wasting  fifteen  per  cent  of  their  fuel. 
Thirty-seven  per  cent  of  the  coal  mined  is 
used  m  the  production  of  steam  in  indus- 
trial plants.  Even  if  fifteen  per  cent  of 
that  amount  were  saved  for  the  conserva- 
tion bin,  the  total  amount  of  waste  each 
year  would  be  thirty  million  tons.  Adding 
to  this  the  waste  in  home  consumption,  tlie 
total  coal  wastage  has  run  into  hundreds  of 
millions  of  dollars  annually. 

As  a  conservation  measure  of  prime  im- 
portance, therefore,  the  United  States  Fuel 
Administration  has  issued  to  power  plants 
instructions  regarding  the  generation  and 
use  of  power,  ught,  and  heat  Reports  by 
inspectors  are  turned  over  to  administrative 
engineers,  who  rate  the  plants  according  to 
their  economical  use  of  fuel.  It  is  estimated 
that  through  this  supervision  and  operation 
of  industrial  plants  an  approximate  saving 
of  twenty  million  tons  a  year  will  be  inade. 


A  further  conservation  measure  is  the 
establishment  of  zones,  by  which  method 
plants  and  establishments  may  be  supplied 
onlv  from  mines  near  by. 

in  order  to  reduce  the  amount  of  electri- 
cal current  used,  the  Fuel  Administration 
hopes  to  have  the  skip-stop  plan  applied  to 
sti-eet  cars  all  over  the  country  in  cities  of 
a  population  of  twenty-five  thousand  and 
over.  Were  this  done,  the  measure  would 
save  one  and  one-half  million  tons  of  coal, 
for  the  cost  in  coal  of  starting  a  car  equals 
that  of  keeping  it  in  motion  for  tnree 
blocks. 

The  Fuel  Administration  has  issued  no 
laws  to  housekeepers,  but  it  urges  upon  us 
the  absolute  necessity  of  saving  if  we  are 
to  insure  supplies  to  our  armies,  and,  indeed, 
in  order  to  keep  ourselves  warm. 

In  order  to  help  us  in  this  coal  conserva- 
tion, the  Fuel  Administration  has  appointed 
State,  county,  and  city  fuel  administrators, 
whose  names  can  be  obtained  from  the 
municipal  authorities  or  local  newspapers, 
or  by  writing  to  the  United  States  Fuel 
Administration,  Washington,  D.  C.  On 
request,  a  pamphlet  entitled  "  Coal  Saving 
in  the  Home,"  containing  directions  in  re- 
gard to  domestic  furnace  management,  may 
be  secured  from  the  Fuel  Administration. 

Economy  is  built  on  the  good  repair  and 
the  cleanly  condition  in  which  furnaces  are 
kept  Domestic  furnaces  should  be  put  in 
perfect  repair.  If  bituminous  coal  is  used,  a 
lortnightiy  cleanii^  is  necessary.  As  miich 
heat  is  lost  in  radiation,  all  pipes  should  be 
wrapped  in  asbestos.  The  coaling  door 
should  not  be  used  in  place  of  the  check- 
draft  damper  in  the  smoke-pipe,  as  this 
method  is  wastefuL  The  check-draft  damper 
controls  the  fire  and  is  as  important  as  the 
throttie  of  an  en^e.  When  this  damper 
is  open,  the  fire  is  checked.  Only  in  the 
case  of  the  use  of  soft  coal  should  die 
slide-damper  of  the  coaling  door  be  used, 
in  order  to  g^ve  entrance  to  oxygen  that 
will  consume  tiie  gases.  If  there -is  no 
check-draft  damper  m  the  smoke-pipe,  one 
should  be  put  in.^ 

If  more  air  is  supplied  to  the  fire  than  is 
needed  for  combustion,  a  quantity  of  heat 
flies  up  the  chimney  and  gas  escapes  into 
the  cellar.  There  should  be  the  precise 
amount  of  draft  needed,  and  that  should 
come  from  below.  Use  the  draft  damper  in 
the  ash-pit  door  for  this,  not  the  whole 
door,  ana  to  make  the  fire  bum  more  slowly 
qpen  the  check-draft  in  the  smoke-pipe. 

The  turn-damper  in  the  smokestack  must 
fit  loosdy  and  must  never  be  entirely 
closed.  In  very  severe  weather  it  may  be 
opened  wide,  but  otherwise  it  may  be  kept 
ajar,  as  we  say  of  a  door. 

A  shallow  fire  is  wasteful,  so  a  small 
amount  of  coal  should  be  fed  to  it  before  it 
is  shaken.  Onlv  in  very  cold  weather  is  it 
necessary  to  shake  the  fire  down  to  the 
red  coals. 

Weather-strips,  storm-doors  and  win- 
dows, and  the  closing  off  of  staircases  with 
doors,  or  with  heavy  double  curtains  if 
doors  cannot  be  constructed,  are  helpful 
measures. 

The  problems  which  await  us  on  tiie 
threshold   of  the  approaching   winter  are 

>  If  a  beater  U  not  equipped  with  a  check-dnft 
damper  and  the  fire  cannot  be  sufficiently  checked 
by  oloeing  the  tnm-damper  in  the  nnoke  pipe,  then 
it  will  be  necm— ly  to  open  the  alide  in  the  coaling 
door,  and  aometimet  even  the  ooalin^  door  itaelf . 

The  effect  of  taking  cold  air  in  through  the 
coaling  door  is  to  cool  the  gajse*  in  the  flra-boz, 
thai  interfering  with  combnitiaa  and  imnaing  the 
gaae*  to  go  up  the  chimney  Hnoonramedj  and 
therefore  wasted.  If  your  heater  is  not  equipped 
with  a  dieck-draft  damper,  consult  a  heater  man 
and  get  one.  This  cannot  be  emphinzed  too  itronglg. 


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THE  OUTLOOK 


6  Norember 


thrmtaning  only  becanae  they  are  new. 
They  are  not,  in  reality,  difiBcult  to  meet. 
There  are  two  facts  which  must  put  the 
utmost  courage  into  us  all:  First,  the 
knowledge  tlutt  the  United  States  Fuel 
Administration,  in  its  effort  to  help  us 
'  master  every  aspect  of  fuel  management,  is 
placing  at  our  conmiand  information  sup- 
plied by  heaUng  experts ;  second,  the 
assurance  that  in  following  the  Fuel  Ad- 
ministration's programme  of  conservation 
we  shall  be  contributing  rationally  and 
effectually  to  winning  the  war. 

A  FIRST  NIGHT 

It  was  a  "first  night"  is  a  long  reeeir- 
ing  bamMsks  building.  About  ninety  men 
were  occupying  eots  arranged  along  each 
side  of  a  two-Mot  middle  aisle.  They  were 
all  newcomers,  enlisted  men,  spending 
their  first  night  in  a  kind  of  assembling  and 
dnpatohing  camp. 

It  was  very  quiet — about  9:90  p.m. 
The  corporal  in  charge  was  an  old  army 
man,  with  the  old-time  army  man's  flu- 
ent and  picturesque  vocabulary.  He  had 
threatened  dire  and  horrible  punishments 
to  the  man  who  so  much  as  whispered — 
and  the  poor  souls  temporarily  believed 
him.  So  at  nine  promptly  the  noise  and  the 
cheerful  blasphemy  calmed  down  and  all 
became  still  enough,  and  with  good  reason, 
for  the  whole  roomful  had  beffun  operations 
that  morning  at  the  ungodly  nour  of  four  ! 

It  does  horrify  as  weU  as  astonish  one,  at 
first,  tbe  really  frightful  language  promptly 
adopted  by  nearly  all  as  soon  as  they  enter 
the  army ;  but  the  reason  for  it  is  not  diffi- 
cult to  find.  First,  the  recruits  are  usually 
pat  in  charge  of  some  old-timer,  like  the 
corporal  we  have  mentioned,  and  the  old- 
timers  have  little  conception  of  the  idea  that 
an  army  might  be  oi^anized  to  fieht  for  a 
fine  ideal,  and  that  its  general  behavior 
might  be  in  keeping  with  we  end  for  which 
it  lias*  been  brought  into  being.  True 
enough,  a  great  majority  of  the  new  offi- 
cers have  g^ned  this  idea  most  effectively ; 
but  I  am  talking  about  a  typical  receiving 
barracks  in  charge  of  a  land-mouthed  old- 
timer. 

Well,  as  I  said,  promptly  at  nine  the  pro- 
&nity  and  the  Rabelaisian  lan^ruage  died 
down  and  all  was  as  quiet  as  might  be  de- 
sired, and  by  9:30  almost  all  were  droppin|r 
off  to  slbep.  And  then  a  belated  recruit 
came  cautiously  in,  endeavoring  to  make  as 
little  noise  as  possible.  He  shut  the  door 
softly  and  walked  toward  his  bed.  The  door 
gave  a  click  and  opened.  So  he  went  back 
m  the  dark  and  closed  it  again.  It  clicked 
and  opened  again.  He  went  back  and  closed 
it  once  more,  and  once  more  it  clicked  and 
opened.  One  or  two  spggled.  So  he  stood 
in  front  of  it  and  closed  it  four  or  five 
times  rapidly  and  yet  softly,  and  each  time 
he  closed  it  there  was  a  click  and  it  opened. 
In  fact,  the  catch  was  badly  set  and  needed 
a  hard  push  to  make  it  work.  Well,  he  kept 
on  shutting  the  door  and  hearing  it  open, 
standing  right  in  front  of  it  all  the  while, 
the  dicks  coming  faster  and  faster  as  more 
and  more  woke  up  to  see  the  situation  and 
to  giggle.  Finally  the  hilarity  became  so 
uproarious  that,  suddenly  infuriated,  he 
closed  the  door  with  a  bang,  and,  of  course, 
it  remained  shut. 

All  were  equally  overjoyed — the  track- 
walker, tlie  bartender,  the  lawyer,  and  the 
push-cart  man — for  in  such  camps  folks  go 
back  to  the  primitive,  and  vast  social  differ- 
ences, at  times,  become  as  naught. 

Well,  the  unfortunate  door-sliutter,  pur- 


sued by  the  usual  cheerful  blasphemy  and 
a  torrent  of  gutter  repartee,  sneaked  off 
through  the  dark  to  nis  cot,  found  the 
wrong  one,  and  tried  to  open  the  wrong 
suit-case.  Promptly  its  owner  set  up  a  cry 
that  he  had  found  the  sneak-thief  wtio  had 
rifled  the  ban,  and  some  one,  finding  that 
the  redoubtable  corporal  was  elsewhere— 
huiiting  or  pursuing — turned  on  a  light. 
The  poor  onfortunate,  almost  in  tears, 
said  it  was  all  a  mistake,  but  the  owner  of 
the  suit-case,  pretending  great  rage  for  the 
sake  of  excitement,  lea^d  from  his  cot  and 
backed  tlie  protesting  "  Eoat "  down  the 
aisle,  threatening  him  aU  the  while  with 
fists  as  large  as  hams. 
.  Suddenly  losing  nerve,  the  "goat" 
tamed  ttul  and  fled,  amid  roars  of  laughter 
and  the  usual  awful  gutter  repartee,  ran  to 
the  door,  opened  it,  and  leaped  out  into  the 
dark  of  the  night,  rieht  on  top  of  the  ser- 
geant. Thereupon  au  previous  attempts  at 
Blasphemy  and  lurid  vocabulary  faded 
away  into  the  dim  and  forgotten  distance, 
while  the  sergeant,  picking  himself  up  from 
the  mud,  using  old  elemental  words,  went 
rapidly  into  that  poor  "goafs"  ancestry 
for  several  generations,  and  then  made  a 
hasty  but  extremely  complete  and  detailed 
sketch  of  his  descendants  for  some  genera- 
tions more ;  and  as  for  the  barracks,  it 
rocked  with  joy — the  street-car  conductor, 
the  baker,  the  peddler,  the  bank  officer,  and 
the  school-teacher,  all  lumped  together  in 
the  most  thorough  democracy  yet  witnessed 
by  this  troubled  sphere. 

Ak  Amkbicas  Soldier. 


OUR  DEBT  TO  FBlANCE 

In  the  dark  crisis  of  our  struggle  for 
independence  France  tamed  its  tide  to 
success  with  her  succors  of  men,  money, 
and  munitions.  In  her  struggle  against 
recently  imminent  conquest  we  are  now 
doing  our  utmost  for  her,  as  well  as  for 
ourselves.  Our  moral  debt  to  her  is  ines- 
timably great.  It  has  also  a  material  side. 
She  financed  us ;  we  in  turn  have  been 
financing  her,  and  the  end  of  it  is  not  vet. 

Both  morally  and  materially  our  debt  to 
France  began  with  Lafayette's  coming  to 
us  in  AprU,  1777,  a  host  in  himself,  as  he 

?|aickly  proved.  A  son  of  one  of  the  noblest 
amilies  of  France,  and  captain  of  a  regi- 
ment, his  fortune,  employed  in  our  cause, 
was  $25,000  a  year.  Evading  arrest  by 
flight  to  Spain,  he  sailed  thence  with  eleven 
officers.  Among  them  was  the  veteran 
Baron  De  Kalb,  whose  services  and  death 
in  our  cause  have  given  his  name  a  large 
place  in  American  nomenclature. 

Returning  to  France  after  a  year  of  dis- 
tinguished service  under  Washington — 
wounded  meanwhile  and  laid  off  for  two 
months — Lafayette  met  welcome  as  a  na- 
tional hero,  acclaimed  and  f^ted.  -By  adroit 
and  patient  effort  he  at  length  won  from 
Louis  XVI  all  he  asked.  "  It  is  fortunate 
for  the  King,"  said  his  Prime  Minister, "  that 
Lafayette  did  not  take  it  into  Ids  head  to 
strip  Versailles  of  its  furniture  to  send 
to  his  dear  America."  Rocharabeau,  with 
six  thousand  men  and  a  fleet  of  fifteen, 
mostly  "  ships  of  the  line,"  followed  La- 
fayette's return  with  all  the  money  he 
asked — ^the  amount  of  which  was  never 
made  public.  That  grant  is  remarkable,  as 
France's  financial  condition  was  the  reverse 
of  prosperous.  A  larger  fleet  presently 
appearea,  twenty-eight  ships  of  the  line, 
manned  by  some  sixteen  thousand  men. 
To  the  preponderating  sea  power  thus 
given  wo   are    indebted   for   Clomwallis's 


surrender  at  Yorktown  to  the  farces  uader 
Washington  and  Rochambeau  which  there 


won  oar  war. 


A  world  of  meaning  was  condensed  in 
Greneral  Pershing's  laconic  salutation  at  La- 
fayette's grave  :  "  Here  we  are,  Lafavette." 
Our  long-standing  account  with  Lafayette 
and  France  we  are  there  to  balance  motalfy 
and  materially.  What  Lafayette's  landing  it 
Charleston  did  morally  in  the  hi^  hopes  it 
raised  in  a  people  almost  disheartened  by 
great  disasters  was  done  by  the  first  nn- 
farling  of  our  Qag  in  France,  and  much 
more  of  it  by  the  steady  inflow  of  oar 
legrions. 

Financially  and  otherwise  we  are  also 
doing  much  for  France  materially,  yet  no 
more  than  we  are  morally  bound  to  do. 
Leaving  out  of  account  Lafayette's  perscmal 
expenditures,  what  France  spent  in  financ- 
ing us  and  in  equipping  and  ""''"*«'''i'ng  for 
two  years  the  land  and  naval  forces  above 
named  can  only  be  jgnessed  ;  probably  not 
less  than  several  million  dollars,  entitled  to 
a  fair  interest  What  this  debt  now  amounts 
to  after  one  hundred  and  thirty-eight  years 
can  easily  be  figured  by  the  curious  rmder. 
Money  on  interest  at  six  per  cent— and  our 
government  bonds  issued  in  the  Cml  War 
bore  eight  per  cent — is  said  to  doable  itself 
in  about  every  fifteen  years  ;  that  is,  nine 
times  in  one  hundred  and  thirty-five  year*. 
The  millions  France  advanced  to  as  so 
loiu;  ago  have  thus  swollen  into  billiona. 

But  never  can  a  great  moral  debt  be 
liquidated  financially  or  by  any  other  ma- 
terial compensatioa.  What  the  United 
States  has  become  as  the  detemnning 
&ctor  for  the  triumph  of  democracy  in  the 
present  world  crisis  is  the  moral  result  on 
both  sides  of  the  Atlantic '  of  La&yette's 
self-devotion  to  our  cause  in  its  ^rkest 
days.  J.  M.  W. 

HOW    SCOTLAND    HONORED 
AMERICAN   DEAD 

In  the  very  early  days  of  our  own  shate 
in  the  war  a  transport  was  toipedoed  oS 
the  north  of  Ireland,  and  we  thoujght  we 
had  heard  the  end  of  the  story  when  the 
livins  came  to  land  and  were  sheltered 
with  Irish  hospitality.  Now  the  rest  of  the 
story  comes  to  me  through  a  derions 
channel.  The  Areyllshire  "Times,"  pub- 
lished in  Scotland,  went  to  Calcutta  m  a 
letter.  Thence  a  Sister  of  Charity  in  an 
English  sisterhood,  a  Sootohwoman,  sent 
the  story  as  part  of  a  letter  of  sympathy 
and  congratuhition  to  a  Sister  of  Chanty  in. 
England,  an  American,  when  her  coontry 
entered  the  war.  And  from  her  it  has 
come  to  me.  Scotland  reports  her  duty  as 
an  ally,  done  in  honor  to  the  dead  as  Ire- 
land liad  done  to  the  living.  It  is  the  Isle 
of  Islay  in  Argyllshire  wmoh  shelters  tlie 
dead  under  its  sod.  When  the  sea  gave  up 
its  burden,  the  Highlander  there  threw  him- 
self into  his  task  with  Gaelic  sympathy. 
The  chief  laird  had  all  of  his  fir  and  larch 
trees  selected  with  care  and  gave  them 
cheerfully  to  make  coffins  as  good  as  Islay 
could  provide.  At  the  burial  services  the 
pipers  played  their  lament.  And  now  the 
story  of  Christian  burial  is  published  in 
America  in  the  hope  that  it  may  meet  the 
eyes  of  sad  mothers  whose  glory  has  been 
harder  to  bear  because  they  tnought  of 
their  children  as  lost  at  sea,  spurut  per- 
senken.  Now  they  may  know  that  other 
mothers  and  fathers  gneved  with  them  for 
tlieir  loss  as  the  pipers  of  our  allies  played 
the  lament.  RiOHABD  W.  UI1.E. 

Boston,  OotolMr  7, 1918. 


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THE   OUTLOOK 


6  Norember 


WEEKLY  OUTLINE  STUDY  OF 
CURRENT  HISTORY 

BY   J.   MADISON   GATHANY,  A.M. 

BOPB  STREET   HIGH   SCHOOL.  PROVIDENCE.  B.   L 

Baaed  on  The  OtUlook  of  October  23, 1918 

Baeh  week  an  Oatline  Study  of  Current  Hutory  bawd  on  the  preoeding  number  of  The  OnUook  w9l 
be  printed  for  the  benefit  of  oorrent  events  oUunes,  debating  olabs,  teachers  of  history  and  of  English,  and 
the  like,  and  for  use  in  the  home  and  by  snch  indiridnal  readers  as  may  desire  snggestioos  in  the  serious 
study  of  current  history. — The  Editors. 

[Those  who  are  using  the  weekly  outline  should 
not  attempt  to  oorer  the  whole  of  an  outline  in  any 
one  lesson  or  study.  Assign  for  one  leeaon  selected 
questions,  one  or  two  propoaitions  for  discussion,  and 
only  snch  words  as  are  found  in  the  material  aamgned. 
Or  distribute  selected  questions  among  different 
members  of  the  class  or  group  and  nave  them 
report  their  findings  to  all  when  assembled.  Then 
hare  all  discuss  the  questions  together.] 


I — INTEBNATIONAI,  APFAtRS 

A.  Topic:  Tlie  President's  Peace  Nego- 

tiations. 
Reference :  Editorial,  pages  282,  283. 
Qiiestums: 

1.  Before  the  President  answered  Grer- 
inany's  reply,  The  Outlook  said :  "  We  do 
not  want  words  from  Germany — not  even 
words  of  surrender.  We  want  no  proposal 
from  Germany,  no  statement  of  terms,  no 
promise  of  any  kind  whatsoever."  Discuss 
whether  the  President  in  his  reply  virtually 
said  the  same  thin^.  2.  Weigh  very  care- 
fully every  word  of  the  sentences  quoted 
from  The  Outlook  in  question  1.  Give 
several  reasons  why  there  is  great  wisdom 
in  what  The  Outlook  says.  3.  The  Outlook 
leads  one  to  believe  that  it  was  the  "  un- 
mistakable manifestation  of  public  senti- 
ment "  that  led  President  Wiuon  to  make 
his  reply  of  October  15,  1918,  to  the  Ger- 
man Government.  Had  there  been  no  such 
"  manifestation  of  public  sentiment,"  do 
you  think  the  President  would  have  an- 
swered differently  ?  Reasons.  4.  State  in 
five  or  six  sentences  the  substance  of  the 
President's  second  reply.  5.  Give  several 
reasons  why,  in  your  opinion,  the  Presi- 
dent's reply  of  October  8,  1918,  to  the 
German  overtures  for  peace  was  or  was 
not  "  a  brilliant  stroke  of  statesmanship  "  ? 

6.  How  manv  reasons  can  you  give  for  be- 
lie vingthat  Germany's  acceptance  of  Presi- 
dent Wilson's  peace  conditions  was  merely 
a  paper    surrender   without    guarantees? 

7.  If  you  were  to  arrange  an  armistice  with 
Germany,  what  guarantees  would  you  de- 
mand ?  How  would  you  make  the  guaran- 
tees worth  anything?  8.  Tell  what  ought 
to  be  done  in  order  to  secure  and  insure 
German  military  impotence  for  the  future. 
9.  Give  several  reasons  for  believing  that 
the  German  people  have  lost  their  man- 
hood "  somewnere  in  the  meshes  of  military 
training."  10.  Do  you  think  President 
Wilson  has  now  closed  the  door  to  any 
further  peace  negotiations  with  Grermany  ? 
Would  you  have  that  door  closed  forever  f 
Think  hard  before  answering  this  question. 
11.  You  will  do  well  to  read  "  Philosophy 
and  the  War,"  by  R.T.  FlewelUnR  (Abing- 
don Press),  and  "  The  Gierman  Terror  m 
France,"  by  A.  J.  Toynbee  (Doran). 

B.  Topic :  Justice  to  Germany. 
Reference :  Editorial,  pages  283,  284 
Questions  : 

1.  What,  according  to  The  Outlook,  is 
the  fundamental  vice  of  Germany  ?  Prove 
what  The  Outlook  says  in  the  first  para- 
graph. 2.  Restate  the  things  The  Outlook 


says  impartial  justice  does  not  mean 
3.  Make  a  list  ot  the  tliines  which  The 
Outlook  claims  would  be  .justice.  4.  Are 
you  of  the  opinion  that  it  would  be  well  for 
tlie  Allies  to  do  all  the  things  which  The 
Outlook  says  are  justice.  The  Outlook  it- 
self does  not  say  that  it  would  be  expedient 
to  do  all  of  these  things.  5.  Would  it  be 
just  for  the  Allies  to  demand  the  execution 
of  the  Kaiser  and  all  Germans  who  are 
guilty  of  the  crime  of  murder?  Would  any 
other  punishment  be  condign  punishment  ? 

6.  Name  twelve  ways  by  wnicn  rulers  have 
been  got  rid  of  in  the  past.  Do  you  think 
any  way  is  a  good  way  to  get  rid  of  a 
king?  What  is  Uie  best  way  ?  Give  reasons. 

7.  The  Kaiser  and  his  gang  are  not  respon- 
sible to  tlie  German  people.  Are  the  Ger- 
man people  responsible  tor  the  Kaiser  and 
his  gang  ?  8.  Democracies  do  not  believe  in 
wars  of  agn«8sion  and  conquest.  Kings  have 
so  believed  and  frequently  do  so  bielieve. 
Does  it  follow  that  the  United  States  should 
attempt  to  force  democratic  government 
upon  all  countries  that  do  not  have  it  ?  Give 
reasons.  9.  Two  books  worth  reading  are 
*'  Wounded  and  a  Prisoner  of  War,"  by  an 
Exclianged  Officer  (Doran),  and  "  Religion 
and  War,"  by  W.  H.  P,  Faunce  (Abin^on 
Press). 

II— NATIONAL   AFFAIRS 

Topic:  A  I>emocratic Congress ;  Shall  We 

Have  It? 
Reference:  Pages 289, 290 ;  editorial, page 

^8Z. 
QuiCstions: 

Note. — This  topic  should  not  be  studied 
unless  "  Why  We  Need  a  Republican  Con- 
gress "  is  also  studied.  See  The  Outlook  of 
October  16, 1918,  pages  258-263.  1.  How 
many  and  what  reasons  does  Speaker 
Clark  gfive  why  we  need  a  Democratic 
Congress  ?  2.  How  many  and  what  reasons 
does  Mr.  Barry  give  why  we  need  a  Repub- 
lican Cong^ress  ?  3.  Is  it  fair  to  give  the 
Democrats  all  the  praise  and  credit  for  all 
the  "  remedial  bills  "  passed  since  Mr.  Wil- 
son became  President?  Tell  why  or  why 
not.  4.  The  Outlook  believes  that  either 
the  House  or  the  Senate  in  our  next  Con- 
gress should  be  controlled  by  the  Repub- 
licans.   What  is  its  reason  ?   Discuss  it. 

m — PBOPOsmoNs  fob  disgossion 

(These  propositions  are  suggested  directly  or  indi- 
lectly  by  the  subject-matter  of  The  Outlook,  but 
not  discnsaed  in  it.) 

1.  Germany  should  have  no  share  in  the 
coming  peace  negotiations.  2.  Justice  is 
always  constructive. 

IV — VOCABULARY    BUILDING 

(All  of  the  following  words  and  expressions  are 
found  in  The  Outlook  for  October  2R,  1918.  Both 
before  and  after  looking  them  up  in  the  dictionary 
or  elsewhere,  give  their  meaning  tn  your  own  words. 
The  figures  in  parentheses  refer  to  pages  on  which 
the  words  nmy  be  found.) 

Justice,  pillage  (283) ;  expatriate,  con- 
fiscate, expedient  (284). 


A  booklet  luggetting  methods  (ffuting  the  Weekly  Outline  <^  Current  History  will  be  sent  on  application 


By  Discarding 

Something    Good 

for  Something  Better 


HE 


f^EsLSLV 

AIR    CEntRATOR  I 


EVEHY  time  you  forced  your  Iwilcr 
or  furnace  to  keep  you  wann  Inst 
wint«r,  yon  drove  far  nion*  extra 
lieat  up  ttie  chimney  tliau  you  secured 
in  your  rooms. 

t'P  chimney  heat  U  ab«wtlntely 
uxtsted  heal. 

Wasted  heat  costs  money. 

How  much  wasl«d  money  yonr  sys- 
tem may  be  costing  you  don't  know. 
But  we  can  show  you.  We  can  show 
you  that  no  matter  how  economical  you 
think  yonr  BT8t«m  is.  for  even  the 
average  weather,  the  Kelaey  Health 
Heal  is  far  more  economital. 

This  is  a  strong  claim.  Butafteryou 
have  our  facts  and  figures,  you  may  see 
the  wisdom  of  snbetitnting  a  Ketsey 
foryour  present  system. 

Yon  won't  hesitate  to  discard  some- 
thing you  thought  to  be  good  fornome- 
thing  you  find  out  is  decidedly  better. 

Whatever  you  do  or  don't  do,  at 
least  send  for  booklet  called  **5onie 
Saving  Sense  on  Heating.** 

T 

I  WARM   AIR 
230  James  Street,  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 

NEW  YORK  CEKAGO 

ia3V  Park  Ate.  2I7-V  Wed  Ukt  Sl 

DETKOd  BOSTON 

Spaa  95-V  BiaUen'  EicL  40S-V  P.  0.  So.  BUt 


Important  to  Subscribers 

When  yon  notify  The  Outlook  of  a  chaDge  in  y 
address,   both  old    and    new  address    snonld    be 
given.    Kindly  write,  if  possible,  two  weeks  bafore 
Uie  change  is  to  take  effect. 


U.  S.  Army  or  Navy 

Red  Cross,  Y.  M.  C.  A. 
and  Allied  Organizations 

Letters  of  Credit  are  the  safest  and  most 
convenient  mediam  for  carrying  funds. 

During  the  war  we  are  issuing  snch  Credits, 
fr»»  of  conuntMtion,  to  ofiBcers  and  men  in 
the  U.  S.  Army  and  Navy,  and  to  those 
engaged  in  Red  Cross,  T.  M.  C.  A.,  and 
allied  organization  work. 

W*  kav»  al»o  sent  ecr  Amriean  repre- 
sentative to  Francs  tor  tht  eonvmime* 
of  oar  /Wearfs,  nu'tA  hmadQmarlmr*  at 
the  offiem  of  tha  CnJil  Conunmdat 
dt  FT€Uteo,  20  Kua  Lafaymltm,   Pari*. 

BROWN  BROTHERS  &  CO. 

Phihidelphia  NEW  TORE  Boston 

BROWN,  SHIPLEY  &  COHIPAMT 

Founders  Court,  Lotbbnry  GiBoe  for  Tnivlss 

LONDON,  B.C.  lBFfeniIaU,IiONI>OK,S.W. 


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Don't  Wait  For  Weather  Like  This 

DECIDE  now  to  protect  your  car  during  the  coming  win- 
ter with  Johnson's  Freeze-Proof.  Purchase  your  supply  early  from  your 
dealer  and  read  and  follow  the  directions  carefully.  A  little  time  Sf>ent  now  in  cleaning  the  ra- 
diator and  putting  on  new  hose  connections  will  save  you  unlimited  time,  trouble,  worry  and 
expense  during  the  winter  months. 


JOHNSON'S 


V-n/^^-l 


^m^    9    ^ 


fnATlI^CvV 


is  the  logical  anti-freeze  preparation.  It  is  inexpensive — does  not  evaporate — 
is  non-inflammable — easy  to  use — and  guaranteed.  One  application  will  last  all  winter 
unless  the  solution  is  lost  through  the  overflow  pipe  or  leakage. 


Truck  and  fleet  owners  will  find 
Johnson's  Freeze-Proof  a  great 
time  and  money  saver.  Your 
trucks  will  always  be  on  the  job  and  in 
the  coldest  weather  it  will  be  "Business 
as  Usual"  for  you. 

Farmers  will  find  Johnson's  Freeze- 
Proof  a  utility  product — for  automobiles 
— tractors — gas  engines  —  trucks  —  and 
electro    lighting    and    heating    plants. 

S.  C.  JOHNSON  &  SON, 


The  present  high  price  of  alcohol 

— its  low  boiling  point — quick  eva- 
poration and  inflammability  make 
it  impractical.  Use  Johnson's  Freeze- 
Proof,  then  forget  there  is  such  a  thing 
as  a  frozen  radiator. 

One  package  will  protect  a  Ford 
to  5°  below  zero  and  two-  packages  will 
protect  it  to  50°  below  zero.  See  scale  on 
package. 

Racine,  Wis.,  U.  S.  A. 


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THE    OUTLOOK 


AI/T! 


is  a  ZOar^QJcme  Grime\ 


YOUR  message,  on  poor  paper,  is  like  a  diamond  in 
the  rough.  People  do  not  recognize  its  true  worth. 
It  joins  the  criminal  procession  from  the  mail-bag  to  the 
waste-basket,  which  takes  such  precious  toll  of  American 
materials,  time  and  effort. 

Give  your  printed  matter  an  appropriate  setting.  Make 
it  say  hardware,  if  it  advertises  hardware.  Give  it  the 
feminine  touch,  if  it  sells  something  to  women.  It  must  look 
its  message  to  get  its  message  across. 

The  right  kind  of  booklet  accomplishes  your  purpose. 
That  effects  conservation  all  along  the  line — paper,  trans- 
portation, mails  and  man  power. 

Asli  youT  printer  or  adoerlising  agency  about  Strath- 
more.  Write  us  for  our  booklet  "  Selective  Mailings. " 
It  Will  tell  you  how  Strathmore  Papers  conserce. 


STRATHMORE  PAPER  CO. 


MiTTlNEAGUE,    MaSS. 


Stmtfxmore 

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with  that  request  The  Outlook  is  now  non-returnable.  To  prevent 
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Buyers  at  news-stands  may  co-operate  and  avoid  disappointment  by  giving 
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THE  OUTLOOK  COMPANY 


6  NoTcmbet 
ELECTION   MORNING 

BY  HERMANN  BACEDORN 

The  flimflam  and  the  hocus-pocus  end. 

The  angry  orators  are  mate  at  last. 

The  editors  have  shot  their  final  blast. 
And  there  are  no  more  dollars  left  to  spend. 
Too  late  now  to  accuse  or  to  defend. 

Another  great  campaign  is  with  the  past. 

And  there  is  nothing  left  but  to  forecast 
With   trembling  soul  the  landslides    that 
impend; 

Nothing  but  with  the  lips  to  prophesy, 
And  in  the  heart  to  wonder,  after  all, 
Whether  the  world  will  end  if  A  should 
win, 
Or  paradise  with  B  drop  from  on  hieh  ; 
And  what  that  dappled  map  upon  the  wall 
Will  look  like  when  the  last  returns 
are  in. 


BISMARCK'S   CYNICISM 

The  New  York  "  Sun  "  collecta  some  of 
Bismarck's  notable  savingrs.  A  few  of  these 
are  printed  below.  They  indicate  that  the 
rule  of  might  and  the  cynical  contempt  of 
other  peoples  existed  in  Bismarck's  time 
as  they  do  to-day. — ^The  Eoitobs. 

"  Not  by  speeches  and  resolutions  of 
majorities  are  g^at  questions  decided,  bat 
by  iron  and  blood." 

"The  world  cannot  be  ruled  from  be- 
low." 

"My  ambassadoi-s  must  wheel  around 
like  non-commtssione<l  officers  at  the  word 
of  command,  without  knowing  why." 

"  A  majority  has  no  lieail." 

"  Let  us  leave  our  ehildren  a  problem  or 
two ;  they  might  find  the  world  very  tire- 
some if  mere  were  nothing  left  for  them 
to  do." 

"  Equality  is  the  daughter  of  envy  and 
covetousness." 

"The  life  of  nations  is  crowiie<l  with 
success  only  so  far  as  they  have  Teuton 
blood  in  their  veins  and  so  long  as  they 
preserve  the  characteristics  of  that  race." 

"  I  deceive  all  diplomats  by  telhng  them 
the  truth." 

"  We  Germans  fear  God,  and  we  fear 
nothing  else  in  the  whole  world." 

"  By  '  the  people  '  every  one  means  that 
which  suits  his  puqjose — usually  a  bap- 
hazard  collection  of  individuals  whom  he 
has  won  over  to  his  own  views." 


THE   TIGER-KAISER 

Apropos  of  the  recent  appeal  of  Ger- 
many to  your  President  that  she  may  get 
out  of  the  trouble  into  wliicli  her "  own 
viciousness  has  brought  her,  permit  me  to 
refer  you  to  one  of  the  "  Tales  from  the 
Punjab:" 

The  Tigkr  and  the  Brahmix 

Once  upon  a  time  a  tiger  was  caagfat  ix 
a  trap.  He  tried  in  vain  to  get  out  tlirot^ii 
the  bars,  and  rolled  and  bit  with  i-age  ami 
grief  when  he  failed. 

By  chance  a  poor  Brahmin  . 

"  Let  me  out  of  this  cage,/'' 
cried  the  tiger. 

"  Nay,  my  friend,"  r" 
mildly,  "  you  would  " 
did." 

"Not at  all!' 
contrary,  I  sF 
serve  you  f 

Now  w' 
and  wp 


Digitized  by 


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^ 


1918 

The  Tiger-Kaiser  (Continuee/) 
tened,  and  at  last  he  consented  to  open  the 
door  of  the  cage.  Out  popped  the  tiger,  and 
Beizing  the  poor  Brahmin,  c:-ied : 

"  VVhat  a  fool  you  are !  What  is  to  pre- 
vent my  eating  yoa  now,  for  after  heing 
cooped  ap  so  long  I  am  just  terribly 
hungry !" 

I^ety  and  humanity  are  fine  things  to 
have,  but  in  dealing  with  a  tiger  some  other 
tilings  may  be  better  for  the  safety  even  of 
the  most  pious  and  trustful  of  men. 

(Rev.)  E.  Rtebsoji  Young. 

(^tario,  Canada. 

FROM  A  SOLDIER'S  LETTER 

^  A.  E.  F.,  Frsnoe. 

Denr  Mother  and  All: 

I  am  writing  this  on  paper  furnished  in 
the  shape  of  a  little  kit  ot  writing  paper  and 
envelopes  by  the  American  Red  Cross.  It 
seems,  now  that  the  American  troops  are 
firmly  established  over  here,  that  we  get 
more  and  more  little  comforts  like  these 
gratis.  For  instance,  we  have  been  getting 
the  last  few  months  or  so  quite  a  few  free 
tobacco  issues,  all  contributions,  and  you 
doubtless  know  that  Uncle  Sam  has  author- 
ized tobacco,  in  a  modest  way,  as  a  regular 
issue  to  the  troops  through  the  Q.  M.  C. 
You  have  often  wondered  if  I  had  enough 
8oap.  We  have  euest-size  cakes  issued  by 
the  crate  to  the  \itchen,  and  there  is  al- 
ways a  boxful  outside  the  kitchens  at 
both  the  echelon  and  the  positions,  and 
wlienever  you  need  soap  all  you  have  to  do 
is  to  go  up  and  help  yourself.  In  fact,  there 
is  very  little  you  need  to  carry  around  with 
you  any  more — the  less  the  better;  you 
can  get  about  everything  you  need  as  you 
eo  along.  Yon  get  more  used  to  living 
trova  day  to  day.  If  yon  have  no  soap  to 
wash  with  to-day,  never  mind,  you  can 
wash  just  as  well  to-morrow,  or  next  week 
even — it  makes  no  difference. 

The  old  lady  I  mentioned  in  mv  last 
letter  has  been  unofficially  adopted  for  the 
BTioment  as  our  mascot.  SomeDody  asked 
her  the  other  day  how  old  she  was,  and 
she  replied,  "  Souxante-quime,"  which  is 
French  for  seventy-five,  as  you  know.  As 
the  gun  we  use  is  more  commonly  called 
" a&ixafUe-quiTuee"  than  "seventy-five" 
even  by  us  over  here,  it  seemed  quite  ap- 
propriate that "  Madame  Saixanta-quinze '' 
should  be  mascot  to  her  namesakes. 

I  am  on  gun  guard  to-night,  and  am 
vrriting  this  %  the  light  of  the  "  midnight 
candle  "  that  bums  lul  night  in  the  little 
anununition  niche  side  ot  the  gun.  Any 
evening  when  you're  sitting  around  the 
tahle  anout  eight  o'clock  you  can  imagine 
me  sitting  over  here,  where  it  will  be  2  A.M., 
thinking  of  you  all  and  expecting  the  usual 
early-morning  barrage  to  start.  Tlie  one-to- 
four  shift  is  surely  the  prize  shift,  as  you 
can  imagine.  It  usually  turns  out  uiat 
yoa've  read  about  everything  readable — 
the  dozen  books  and  all  the  magazines  and 
paper* — and  usually  you  don't  feel  very 
ambitious  to  write  ;  so  you  grease  up  a  few 
shells,  sit  and  smoke  a  few  pipefuls  (we're 
all  great  pipe-smokers  now),  tlien  go  out- 
side and  lean  on  the  wheel  of  the  piece  and 
smoke  and  g^aze  oat  over  tlie  barb-wire- 
entangled  stretch  in  front  of  you,  and  think 
and  wonder  when  it  will  be  over — if  it  ever 
will — what  is  happening  at  home,  if  we're 
ever  going  to  get  a  rest,  what  Fritz,  only  a 
few  kilometers  in  front  of  you,  thinks  about 
it  all ;  and  usually  while  you  think  this 
but  yoa  hear  a  "  Boom !  boom  1"  and  the 


THE   OUTLOOK. 


377 


The  Errors  Made 

In  Tooth  Pastes 

All  Statements  Approved  by  High  Dental  Authorities 


Why  They  Failed 


The  evidence  shows  that  the  tooth 
brush  needs  aid.  Tooth  troubles  have 
constantly  increased.  Millions  find 
that  well-brushed  teeth  still  discolor 
and  decay. 

Modem  dentists  know  the  reason.  It 
lies  in  a  film — a  slimy  film — which 
brushing  does  not  end.  Most  tooth 
trouble  finds  its  source  in  that  film. 

That  film  is  what  discolors — not 
your  teeth.  It  hardens  into  tartar.  It 
gets  into  crevices  and  stays.  It  holds 
food  which  ferments  and  forms  acid. 
It  holds  the  acid  in  contact  with  the 
teeth  to  cause  decay. 


Millions  of  germs  breed  in  it.  They, 
with  tartar,  are  the  chief  cause  of 
pyorrhea.  So  any  brushing  which 
omits  that  film  does  very  little  good. 

Tooth  pastes  have  aimed  to  remove 
food  debris,  or  counteract  acid,  or 
combat  germs.  But  the  cause  of  tooth 
troubles  lay  imbedded  in  film,  where 
the  tooth  brush  failed  to  reach  them. 

Science  now  has  found  a  way  to 
combat  that  film.  Able  authorities 
have  proved  it  by  clinical  tests.  It  is 
now  embodied  in  a  dentifrice  called 
Pepsodent,  and  we  are  asking  all  to 
prove  it  by  a  simple  test. 


We  Now  Use  Pepsin 


That  film  is  albuminoua,  so  Pepsodent  is 
based  on  pepsin,  the  digestsnt  of  albumin. 
The  object  is  to  dissolve  the  film,  then  to 
constantly  prevent  its  accumulstion. 

Ordinary  pepsin  mixtures  cannot  serve 
this  purpose.  Pepsin  must  be  sctivated, 
and  the  usual  sgent  is  an  acid  harmful  to 
the  teeth. 

Bat  science  has  discovered  a  harmless 
activating  method.  Five  governments  have 
already  granted  patents.  It  is  that  method, 
used  in  Pepsodent,  which  makes  it  pos- 
sible nowadays  to  keep  teeth  from  film 
accumulstion. 

Many  clinical  tests  hsve  proved  the  effects 
of  Pepsodent.  They  are  now  beyond  pos- 
sible question.  You  can  prove  them  your- 
self, if  you  will  make  the  test.  - 

Send  the  coupon  with  zo  cents  for  a 


special  tube.  Use  it  like  sny  tooth  psste 
and  watch  results.  Note  how  clean  the 
teeth  feel  after  using.  Mark  the  absence  of 
the  slimy  film.  See  how  teeth  whiten  ss 
the  fixed  film  disappears. 

This  test  will  give  you  a  new  conception 
of  what  teeth-cleaning  means.  And  we  do 
not  believe  you  will  ever  return  to  old,  in- 
efficient methods.  Cut  out  the  coupon  now. 


SPECIAL  10-CENT  TUBE 

A  Size  not  aoU  in  Drug  Storat 

THE  PKPSODBNT  CO., 

Ocpt.  2M.  1104  S.  Wabath  Ave.,  Chicago,  III. 

BnctoMd    find    10c    for    Special    Tub*   o( 
Pepiodent. 


Rmtum  your  mmpty  tooth  paatm  fnfc—  to  thm  nmarttt  Rmd  Crotm  Station 

The  New-'Day  'Dentifrice 

A  Scientific  Product — ^Sold  by  Druggist*  Everywhere 

li;iii!t::::\i;:!::;:::i:j::ii:iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii;iiiiiiiii:!:;ii,i:juj|j;.r:;:i:H:.i.:i::;i!ii::n 


(131  AX 


378 

ilHiilll 


THE   OUTLOOK 


F^ancy  Table  Linens 

For  Wedding  and 
Christmas  Gifts 


Ltmchmon  mmt  of  Italian  Nemdh' 
point  and  Entbroidary,  made 
on  kmaoy  hand-wovtn  Linen. 
5ef  coiutfte  of  23 -inch  Cmntmr- 
pimee  and  turn    dozen    DoyU*a. 

$42.50  Set 


Attention  is  invited  to  our  comprehensive  stock 
of  fancy  Linens  from  which  selections  may  be 
made  for  Wedding  and  Holiday  Gifts. 

Practically  every  allied  country  in  Europe  and 
Asia  has  contributed  toward  making  this  collec- 
tion complete.  Many  of  these  goods  cannot  be 
duplicated,  regardless  of  price,  when  our  present 
stock  is  exhausted. 


Tea  Cloth*,  with  Napkins  to  match, 
in  Irish  and  Madeira  Embroidery, 
French  and  Italian  Filet,  Needle- 
point, Cutwork,  Japanese  Mosaic 
work,  Fayal  and  Porto  Rican  drawn 
work,  etc.,  $2.00  to  275.00. 

Tea  Napkin;  plain  Linen  and  fig- 
ured Damask,  Hemstitched,  also 
Embroidered  and  trimmed  with 
Lace,  $5.00  to  65.00  doz. 

Lanchmon  Set:  Twenty-five  piece 
sets  in  Madeira,  Spanish,  and 
Chinese  Embroideiyi  also  Lace, 
Needlepoint  and  Mosaic  openwork. 
$8.50  to  175.00. 

Centerpiece*  in  every  kind  of  Hand 
Needlework,  $1.50  to  125.00  each. 


I  Searfa.  Sideboard  and  Serving 
Table,  Bureau,  Dressing  Table  and 
Chiffonier  Scarfs  of  every  size  and 
description.    $2.00  to  165.00  each. 

Tray  Clotha,  oval  and  oblong.  Em- 
broidered, also  Lace  and  Embroid- 
ery, 25o  to  $17.50  each. 

Lace  Luncheon  and  Dinner  Clotha, 

circular,  73  inch  to  126  inch  diame- 
ter, or  oblong,  2}4  x  3  to  2>^  x  5  yds. 
$65.00  to  550,00. 

Special 

A  lot  of  Italian  Embroidered  and 
Lace- trimmed  Scarfs,  i}4  yards 
long,  at  one-third  less  than  regular 
prices.  Range  of  prices  $4.50  to 
17.50. 


g  We  respectfully  suggest  that  in  so  far  as  possible  you 

a  act  on  the  Government's  request  that  you  do  your 

m  Christmas  shopping  during  November. 

■  Our  Christmas  stocks  are  now  complete  in  all 
m  departments. 

I  James  McCutcheon  &  Co. 

M  The  Greatest  Treasure  House  of  Linens 

■  in  America 

j  Fifth  Avenue,  34th  &  33d  Sts., 

I  New  York                                             ^,^.  Xn^^Mar* 

Il;lilillllllll!l:li;illi:!!ll1l1!l!li:!l'i:ifl'l!!ll!i:i!:i:!:i!;iii;i!!illll!ll 


6  November 

i'Vom  a  Soldier's  Letter  (Continued) 

long,  sickening  whine,  and  you  know  the 
Hun  still  loves  you  as  much  as  ever. 

All  the  reading  matter  np  here  at  the 
positions  has  been  read  over  till  there  isn  t 
a  whole  book  or  magazine  left.  We  have  a 
few  books  ;  "The  HiUman,"  by  E.  Pliillips 
Oppenheim;  "The  U.  P.  Trad,"  by  Zane 
Grey  ;  and  "  Greenmantle,"  author  un- 
known, are  all  the  books  we  have.  Oh, 
yes !  "  Conscript  Number  tometbing-or 
other"  ako  made  its  appearance  from  the 
echelon  the  other  day,  but  it  isn't  much 
good,  as  it  has  to  do  with  army  life,  and, 
needless  to  say,  when  you're  living  an 
"army  life"  far  more  interesting  than 
any  book  about  it  wrilten  by  some  g^ink 
sitting  in  a  cozy  room  back  m  the  States, 
these  stories  don't  meet  with  much  popu- 
larity over  here.  Actual  life  over  here 
seems  to  be  so  different  from  the  accounts 
we  read  about  in  the  magazines  that  you 
can  hardly  recognize  them. 

We  have  been  having  a  fast  time  aronnd 
here  to-day.  Fii-st  we  pass  the  Hun  a 
bunch  of  "  compliments,  then  he  c»me8 
back  fast  and  heavy  at  us  for  a  while.  We 
all  beat  it  to  our  "  homelike  and  cool " 
dugouts  and  sit  around  and  smoke  till  he 
lets  up,  then  sally  forth  to  see  what  damage 
has  been  done,  and  at  the  same  time  oar 
guns  open  up  on  him  again.  There  is  no 
let-up— they're  either  coming  or  going  aU 
the  time.  The  Frenchmen  around  hereliokl 
the  reox>rd  for  fast  work  in  getting  into  the 
dugouts.  We've  figured  out  tliat  they  can 
hear  the  closing  of  the  breeches  on  the 
Huns'  guns  over  on  the  other  side,  for  they 
will  duck  before  you  can  hear  the  slightest 
sound  of  a  gun  going  off  or  a  shell  whining. 
Talk  about  "  Old  Scout "  with  his  ear  tuned 
up  to  a  fare-thee-well  for  Redskins — he  had 
nothing  on  these  twentieth-centnry  Fren«^ 
warriors.  That's  why  Ihey're  still  here  aft^ 
four  years  of  war.  He  is  more  of  a  hero 
over  nere  who  ducks  quickly  than  he  who 
stands  around  to  see  where  they're  going. 
As  we  say,  "  It's  a  fast  league !" 

The  chief  occupation  generally  is  lying 
on  your  bunk  trying  to  catch  np  with  your 
sleep.  You  hardly  ever  get  more  than  a  few 
hours'  sleep  at  a  stretch,  so  this  pastime  of 
trying  to  catch  up  with  sleep  is  a  very  popu- 
lar one.  When  I  get  home,  I'm  going  to 
liave  a  pile  of  becootied  hay  and  a  couple 
of  dirty  blankets  down  in  one  comer  of  the 
coal-bin.  After  every  meal  I'll  beat  it  down 
into  the  cellar  and  ue  on  my  little  coal-bin 
bed  and  dream  that  I  am  in  sunny  France 
once  more.  Then  I'll  have  yon  bang  on  the 
floor  up  above  with  a  sledge-hammer  and 
drop  a  few  bucketfuls  of  rock  and  old  iron 
up  there,  then  I'll  roll  over  and  cuss  the 
dirty  Germans.   That's  life ! 

We  have  a  lot  of  fun  talking  about  bow 
the  habits  we  have  formed  over  here  wiQ 
act  on  us  when  we  get  borne.  For  instance, 
gas  alarm  is  always  spi-ead  by  the  honking 
of  klaxons.  There  are  thousands  of  klaxons 
all  along  the  front,  and  when  gas  shells  come 
over  or  it  drifts  back  from  tlie  front  line, 
it  sounds  like  Tremont  Street  in  Bcstonon 
its  busiest  day.  So  we  figure  that  when  we 
get  home  every  time  we  near  a  klaxon  oo 
an  automobile  we'll  jumble  around  for  our 
ever-ready  gas  masks,  at  the  same  time 
hollering  "  Gas !"  at  the  top  of  our  Inng& 
You  can  expect  all  kinds  of  strange  actions 
from  me  when  I  get  home.  At  aO  hours  of 
tlie  night  I'll  be  hopping  out  of  bed  yelling, 
"  Normal  barrage, '  or  stumbling  out  te 
iuggle  railway  rails  aronnd,  or  soroeUiing 
like  tliat  •  • 

Digitized  by  y^jyJKJ\LV\^ 


1918 


THE   OUTLOOK 


379 


"How  I  Added  Ten  Years 

To  My  Life" 


"T  GUESS  I  am  what  you  would  call  the  average  man. 
X  Forty  years  old — earning  a  pretty  good  salary — a 
wife  and  two  children.  And  I  just  can't  afford  to  get 
sick.  My  family  needs  me — my  tJtisiness  needs  me— and 
/  need  myself. 

"I  haven't  been  sick  for  fifteen  years,  so  you  see  I'm 
not  a  health  fanatic.  I've  been  so  busy  in  the  work-a- 
day  world  of  business  that  I  haven't  given  much  thought 
to  my  health.  If  I  felt  good  one  day  and  bad  the  next, 
I  accepted  it  as  a  matter  of  course.  Sometimes  I  may 
have  wondered  why  I  should  have  a  headache,  or  why 
I  couldn't  work  as  hard  or  with  as  much  enthusiasm 
as  in  the  old  days,  but  by  that  time  the  headache  had 
vanished  and  I  forgot  all  about  it  until  the  next  time. 

"But  about  a  year  ago  a  friend  of  mine,  a  fine,  gener- 
ous-hearted fellow,  and  a  famous  athlete  in  his  day, 
caught  cold  somehow — pneumonia  developed — there 
was  a  weakness  of  the  heart  or  something— and  in  four 
days  he  was  gone.  I  tell  you  it  set  me  thinking.  Here 
was  a  man  who  thought  he  was  in  good  health — who 
hadn't  been  sick  within  my  recollection — and  yet  whose 
system  had  l)ecome  so  weakened  through  the  strain  of 
hard  work  and  middle-age  that  he  had  nothing  in  re- 
serve when  the  crisis  came. 

"I  talked  to  the  family  physician  and  he  told  me  that 
it  was  just  like  the  breaking  up  of  a  ship  when  it  hit  the 
rocks.  Nothing  could  save  it  then.  But  with  the  proper 
care  all  along  the  voyage,  those  hidden  dangers  could 
have  been  mapped  and  charted— known  and  understood 
— and  therefore  easily  avoided. 

Too  Many  Premature  Deatiis 

"The  physician  said  further  that  he  came  across  simi- 
lar cases  every  day  in  his  practice. 

"Last  year  for  instance,  more  than  100,000  men  and 
women  between  the  ages  of  40  and  60  died  in  the  United 
States  from  diseases  of  the  heart,  circulation  and  kid- 
neys. And  the  crime  of  it  is  that  most  of  these  deaths 
could  have  been  prevented  or  postponed  had  the  people 
realized  the  danger  before  it  was  too  late  to  do  anythmg 
but  send  out  distress  signals. 

"  It  is  safe  to  say  that  two  out  of  every  three  people 
you  meet  can  save  themselves  needless  suffering  and 
add  years  to  their  Uves  simply  by  going  to  some  Human 
Service  Station  for  periodic  health  examinations. 

*'I  listened  to  all  this  and  it  came  as  a  distinct  shock 
and  revelation.  I  determined  to  undergo  a  thorough 
physical  examination  just  as  soon  as  I  could,  whether  I 
felt  sick  or  not.  But  the  next  day  something  happehed 
in  the  office  that  required  all  my  attention — I  put  off  the 
examination — and  eventually  forgot  all  about  it. 

Ex-Presldent  Taft  Among  Founders 

"More  recently,  however,  I  was  reading  a  magazine 
article  by  Cleveland  Moffett    He  mentioned  the  Life 


Extension  Institute— told  how  it  was  founded  by  ex- 
President  Taft,  Professor  Irving  Fisher,  of  Yale,  and 
100  other  forward-looking  men  to  conserve  the  health 
of  the  Nation  and  make  life  better  worth  the  Uving. 

"It  reminded  me  of  my  former  resolution,  and  that 
very  day  I  wrote  to  the  Life  Extension  Institute  and 
made  arrangements  for  an  examination  in  my  own 
home  town. 

Praises  Health  Examination 

"Aod  such  an  examination  as  it  was!  I  have  never  had  any- 
thing lilce  it  in  all  my  life.  Life  insurance  examinations  ?  Why 
they  can't  be  compared  with  it !  The  Institute  didn't  miss  a  single 
part  of  me.  They  tested  my  heart  and  lungs  and  kidneys— took 
my  blood  pressure — made  a  microscopic  examination  of  my 
blood— tested  my  eyes — examined  my  teeth— pored  over  my 
personal  history  olank  for  traces  of  hereditary  diseases— delved 
into  my  daily  living  habits— literally  made  a  map  of  my  body  and 
my  entire  life.  I  tell  you  frankly  that  that  examination  has  added 
ten  years  to  my  life. 

"I  am  writing  this  to  you  because  I  think  it  is  something  you 
ought  to  know.  I  am  as  much  opposed  to  fads  and  quacks  as  any 
man  who  ever  lived,  and  you  couldn't  get  me  to  go  on  some  non- 
sensical diet  for  a  million  dollars.  But  I  see  the  value  of  periodic 
health  examinations.  - 

Staff  of  MM  Physicians 

"It  makes  no  difference  where  you  live.  The  Life  Extension 
Institute  comes  to  you  wherever  you  are.  It  has  its  main  office 
in  New  York,  a  branch  office  in  Chicago  and  a  staff  of  more  tlian 
5000  physicians  throughout  the  United  States.  Nearly  100,000  men, 
women  and  children  have  already  taken  the  health  services  of 
the  Institute. 

Reason  for  Low  Cost 

"Back  of  the  scientific  policy  of  the  Institute  is  the  advice  and 
counsel  of  the  Hygiene  Reference  Board.  You  couldn't  assemble 
such  a  weight  of  expert  intelligence  in  years  under  any  other 
conditions.  "These  men  are  behind  the  Life  Extension  Institute 
because  they  believe  in  it — because  it  was  organized  on  a  broad 
humanitarian  basis— because  two-thirds  of  the  profits  are  set 
aside  in  a  trust  fund  for  health  propaganda  of  a  national  scope. 

"That  is  one  reason  why  the  cost  of  the  Institute's  service  is 
so  low.  For  B  Very  moderate  sum  you  get  a  thorough  physical 
examination— three  additional  urinalyses  at  intervtUs  of  three 
months— hygienic  guidance  and  instructions— Keep- Well  bulletins 
—monthly  health  journals— gratuitous  advice  on  any  questions 
you  may  choose  to  ask  about  personal  hygiene. 

"It  is  a  great  thing.  You  may  realize  it  even  as  I  did,  and  yet 
keep  putting  it  off  from  day  to  day.  But  my  advice  to  you  is — 
don^twaitf  Another  six  months— a  year  perhaps— and  in  my 
case  it  would  have  been  too  late.  Rinit  now  is  the  best  time  to 
say:  'I'm  going  to  learn  more  about  theXife  Extension  Institute.'" 


HON.  Wn.LIAM  H.  TAFT 

Chmirnuin,  Boud  of  Difcctort 

PROFESSOR  IRVING  FISHER 

ChmirmMn,  Hrclco*  Reference  Board 


HAROLD  A.  LBV 

ftuldtiu 

JAMBS  D.  LENNEHAN 

St€rtfmrf 


Hon.Waiiam  H.Tilt 
Heorjr  H.  Bowmao 
Arthur  W.  Eatoa 


Direetori: 
Robt.  W.  daFoTMt 
Irvine  Flahw 


EuB^ne  Lyman  Flak 
Harold  A.  Lay 
Cbarica  H.  Sabin 


The  Life  Extension  Institute  has  a  Hygiene  Reference  Board 
of  100  leading  scientific  men,  including  th<>  Surgeon-Qenerals  of 
the  Array  nd  Navy,  and  U.  S.  Public  Health  Service;  several  Ex- 
Presidents  ^l  the  American  Medical  Association;  Commission- 
ers of  Public  Health,  and  others  interested  in  the  public  welfare. 


SEND    IN   THIS    COUPON    FOR    FURTHER    DETAILS 


Please  send  me,  without  obligation  on  my  part,  a  copy  of  (1)  "  Neglect  of  the  Human  Machine ,"     .  . 

"    List  of  100  MemlKrs  of  the  Hygiene  Reference  Board,  and  otbe>r  Utenture  deacripHve  of  tbt 


Gbntlbmen 

Movement  to  Prolongjiuman  Life,"    (3) 
services  of  the  Life  Extension  Institute. 

Name. 


(2) 


O-Nov.6 

"  The  Growing 


Address^ 


LIFE  EXTENSION  INSTITUTE,  Inc.   (Dept.  M),  25  W.  45th  Street,  New  York 

Chicago  Office :  5  N.  Wabash  Avenue 

Digitized  by ' 


Google 


380 


THE   OUTLOOK 


6  November 


AMONG  THE  NEW  NOVELS 


THERE  has  been  a  distinct  gain  both 
in  quantity  and  quality  in  the  fall 
fiction  of  1918  as  compared  with  that 
of  tlie  same  season  in  the  previous 
vear.  Naturally,  as  before,  the  tragedy  and 
humors  of  the  war  come  to  the  front.  Our 
impression  is,  however,  that  this  is  less 
common  ;  or  at  least  that  the  novel-writers 
have  learned  that  the  most  impressive 
way  to  use  the  war  motif  vi  to  make  war 
the  background  of  emotion,  incident,  and 
character,  rather  than  to  press  it  into 
structure  and  theme  to  the  exclusion  of 
what  is,  after  all,  the  true  field  of  fiction, 
the  effect  of  outward  tilings  on  human 
life  and  character. 

No  survey  of  the  major  fiction  of  the 
season  could  possibly  ignore  Mr.  H.  G. 
AVells's  "Joan  and  Peter"  (Macmillan). 
It  is  in  many  ways  a  strong,  thoughtful 
book,  but  it  canpot  be  regarded  as  m  all 
respects  one  of  the  most  successfid  of  Mr, 
Wells's  novels.  It  deals  with  education, 
and  in  part  witii  education  in  the  limited 
sense.  But  the  author's  real  or  larger  pur- 
pose is  to  show  how  England  and  her 
people  are  being  educated  oy  the  sudden 
social  overturn  of  the  four  years  of  war 
&iid  the  period  preceding  it  into  a  state  of 
flux  and  growth,  the  end  of  which  no  man 
can  foresee.  The  book  berins  with  the  later 
Victorians  and  ends  wiui  much-puzzled 
moderns.  The  theme  is  not  worked  out 
with  quite  as  much  definiteness  and  clear- 
ness as  the  reader  would  like.  There  are 
also  readers  who  will  wish  that  a  few 
passages  relating  to  sex  education  had  been 
a  little  less  trying  in  their  realistic  natu- 
ralism. The  book  is  admirable  in  its  por- 
traits of  many  characters  of  widely  varying 
social  station  and  personal  temperament. 
The  child  life  of  Joan  and  Peter,  in  par- 
ticular, is  admirably  rendered. 

A  contrast  with  the  rather  heavy  tread 
of  Mr.  Wells  in  "  Joan  and  Peter '  is  the 
%htne8S  (almost "  fluffiness  ")  of  Mr.  J.  H. 
Turner's  "  Simple  Souls "  (Scribners). 
Here  we  have  an  eccentric  English  duke 
who  marries  an  imaginative  (although 
startlingly  profane)  shop-girl  whose  life  he 
tus  tried  to  brighten  Dy  sending  her  a 
weekly  check  for  the  purcliase  of  the  cheap 
romances  she  loves  to  read.  Disastrous 
misunderstanding  by  the  young  woman's 
drunken  father  and  puritanical  mother  fol- 
lows. The  experiences  of  the  ex-shop-girl  as 
a  Duchess  are  both  startUng  and  amusing. 
The  book  is  really  better  than  this  descrip- 
tion might  lead  one  to  supposej  for  the  ' 
author  keeps  one's  attention  constantly 
alert  and  his  fun  is  mingled  with  a  touch 
of  human  sympathy  that  saves  the  book 
bora  being  burlesque,  although  it  certainly 
borders  on  extravaganza. 

Mr.  Booth  Tarkmgton  in  "  The  Magnifi- 
cent Ambersons"  (Doubleday,  P^e)  is 
at  his  best  It  could  not  be  a  Booth 
Tarkington  book  without  the  spice  of 
humor,  and  this  it  certainly  has.  But  it  has 
also  a  depth  of  feeling  and  an  interplay  of 
life  and  character  which  make  it  a  novel 
in  a  higher  sense  than  can  be  ascribed  to  the 
vast  majority  of  popular  novels.  "  Georgie," 
the  particular  Amberson  who  is  followed 
from  boyhood  to  manhood  and  marriage,  is 
arrogant  and  self-centered.  He  is  so  detested 
by  most  people  in  the  community  over  which 
the  rich  Ambersons  lord  it  that  every  one 
hopes  that  he  will  get  his  "  come-uppance." 
He  gets  it  in  full  measure.  Tlie  little  town 
grows  to  a  big  city ;  the  Ambersons  become 
socially  extinct ;  love  troubles  and  family 
troubles  crowd  upon  our  arrogant  young 


man.  Through  sore  suffering  his  rather 
dull  mind  discovers  tliat  he  is  just  an 
ordinary  chap,  and  he  becomes  not  merely 
human,  but  lovable.  His  Uncle  George, 
by  the  way,  means  this  when  he  tells 
Georgie  that  he  had  often  thought  he  ought 
to  be  banged,  that  he  had  always  been  fond 
of  him  and  that  at  last  "  I  almost  begpm  to 
like  you."  The  story  appeals  strongly  as  a 
study  of  American  life  in  a  growing  Middle 
State  town,  and  still  more  as  a  study  of 
human  clmracter  and  development.  It  will 
certainly  have  a  wide  reading. 

One  is  inclined  to  bracket  Mrs.  Hninphry 
Ward's  new  story,  "  Elizabeth's  Cam- 
paign "  (Dodd,  Mead),  with  Mr.  Locke's 
"  The  Rough  Road  "  (John  Lane  Company) , 
of  which  we  have  already  spoken  in  high 
praise.  The  two  are,  we  tninx,  the  best  two 
war  stories  of  the  year.  Mrs.  Ward  has  never 
been  more  successful  in  rendering  character 
and  in  presenting  EngUsh  social  life  in  its 
actuality.  She  has  also  been  animated 
throughout  the  story  by  a  strong,  fine,  patri- 
otic deling.  With  excellent  art  she  has 
taken  for  ner  chief  character  a  man  of 
the  old  type,  devoted  to  Greek  art  He  is 
not  merely  oblivious  of  the  war,  but  re- 
sentful, tor  it  interferes  with  his  tastes 
and  occupations.  In  his  idea,  the  war  is 
the  Government's.  "  The  Government  got 
us  into  this  war ;  let  it  get  us  out  of  it" 
He  even  tries  to  fight  the  Grovemment 
when  it  compels  him  to  give  up  some  of  his 
many  acres  of  park  in  order  to  raise  food. 
The  reader  nevertheless  likes  tliis  iras- 
cible old  gentleman  despite  his  obduracy 
and  rejoices  when  tragic  fate  and  his  new 
secretary  (an  Oxford  girl,  who  knows  Greek 
and  Greek  art,  but  also  knows  the  world 
and  loves  her  country)  bring  him  to  rea- 
son. Not  only  these  two  chai'acters  but 
many  others  in  the  book  stand  out  as  living 
people.  The  novel  gives  one  of  the  best 
pictures  of  England  in  war  time  that  has 
yet  been  written. 

The  writer  whose  name  appears  on  the 
title-page  of  "  The  Silent  Legion  "  (Doran) 
as  J.  E.  Buckrose  is,  we  believe,  Mrs. 
Buckrose.  Certainly  the  depiction  of  fem- 
inine character  in  this  book  could  have 
come  only  from  a  woman's  pen.  The  book 
will  surely  be  compared  to  Mrs.  Gaskell's 
"  Cranford  "  because  it  is  so  intimate,  so 
amusing,  and  so  charming  as  a  picture  of 
life  in  a  normally  quiet  EngUsh  village. 
The  strain  of  war  time  is  over  the  village, 
however,  and  the  author  has  done  a  sincere 
and  really  a  beautiful  thing  in  showing 
simply,  and  without  hystericai  emotion,  the 
way  in  which  the  common  people  of  Eng- 
lish middle-class  life  are  bearing  their 
burden  cheerfully,  patiently,  and  with  no 
outcry. 

One  may  always  depend  upon  Eden 
Phillpotts  for  careful  and  sincere  literary 
work.  His  new  story,  "  The  Spinners 
(Macmillan),  is  in  its  essence  a  study  of 
hatred,  and  hatred  of  a  son  toward  his 
father  at  that  The  circumstances  are  so 
subtly  woven  about  the  relations  of  the  boy, 
his  mother  and  his  father,  that  the  growth 
of  this  passion  in  the  boy  is  neither  un- 
natural nor  inexcusable.  The  tragedy  is 
balanced  by  tliat  rich  humor  in  mmor 
character  drawing  in  which  the  author  has 
no  superior  unless  it  be  Thomas  Hardy. 
As  in  the  three  or  four  novels  by  Mr.  Phill- 
potts which  have  preceded  this,  a  special 
industry  is  taken  as  the  background  for  the 
people,  although  the  author  never  forgets 
that  the  people,  and  not  the  industry,  form 
his  real  topic.    Dorset  is  the  locale  of  this 


Newsy  Notes 


What  Is  the  German  Nation 
Djring  For  ? 

This  is  the  book  of  the  hour.  Karl  Ludwig 
Krause  is  a  well  known  German  states- 
man and  author,  and  now  that  we  know 
that  the  German  nation  is  dying,  he  tells  us 
exactly  what  we  want  to  know  about  it.  He 
foresaw  clearly  that  what  is  happening  at  the 
present  time — the  crumbling  of  Prussian 
Junkerdom — was  bound  to  happen.  It  is  as 
though  this  book  were  directly  answering 
the  questions  we  are  now  all  so  eagerly  ask- 
ing. Here  are  some  of  the  chapter  heading^: 
German  Barbarians ;  Why  the  Germans  Are 
Disliked;  The  Prussian  Spirit ;  Asininities; 
Bluff;  and  The  Crash.  Sl.SO 

The  German  Myth 
Gustavus  Myers  has  gathered  in  this  book 
new  data,  statistically  proved,  showing  that 
conditions  in  Germany  are  the  very  opposite 
of  what  we  have  been  led  to  believe, — that 
immorality,  crime  and  poverty  are  rampant 
there.  ^1.00 

The  Great  Change 
"  The  New  America  after  the  War  "  is  how 
Charles  W.  Wood,  the  author  of  this  book, 
describes  it.  It  is  based  on  a  series  of  inter 
views  which  Mr.  Wood  obtained  as  a  special 
writer  for  the  New  York  World,  with  the  men 
and  women  at  the  bead  of  American  Govern- 
ment and  Industries,  and  with  the  leaders  of 
American  thought  It  should  be  of  special 
interest  to  readers  of  The  Outlook.         f  1.50 

Americanized  Socialism 
Here  is  another  book  with  a  subtitle — 
"A  Yankee  View  of  Capitalism."  James 
MacKaye,  the  author  of  the  book,  says  that 
many  persons  who  did  not  suspect  themselves 
to  be  Socialists  will,  when  they  read  this  book, 
discover  that  they  are,  and  that  Socialism  is 
a  true  American  ideal.  The  publishers  think 
that  "  Americanized  Socialism  "is  the  most 
grippingljr  interesting  book  on  the  subject 
now  in  print  ,^      ^  t\2S 

The  Prestons 
Even  in  these  vital  days  of  war  and  recon- 
struction, a  really  fine  and  significant  novel 
commands  attention.  In  her  new  story  of  the 
everyday  life  of  an  average  American  family, 
as  told  by  a  typical  American  mother,  Maiy 
Heaton  Vorse  has  given  us  a  highly  humorous 
book,  yet  with  the  deeply  sig^niftcant  back- 
ground of  human  psychology  with  which 
Mrs.  Vorse's  many  readers  have  become  so 
familiar.  .  Jl.SO 

The  Pengum  Senes 
This  new  series  comprises  works  of  distio- 
guished  literary  merit  that  have  never  before 
been  published  in  book  form.  Additional 
titles  will  be  added  from  time  to  time.  Tl>e 
four  titles  just  published  are  GABRIELLE 
DE  BERGERAC  by  HENRY  JAMES, 
undoubtedly  the  finest  novel  of  Henry  James 
earlier  period ;  KARMA  by  LAFCADIO 
HEARN,  the  first  story  giving  the  author's 
account  of  his  own  love;  JAPANESE 
FAIRY  TALES  by  LAFCADIO  HEARN, 
a  collection  of  delightful  children's  stories ; 
and  lOLANTHE'S  WEDDING  by  HER- 
MANN SUDERMANN.anewlovestoryby 
the  author  of  "  The  Song  of  Songs."  $1 .25  each 

Are  You  A  Stagnuck  ? 
We,  Boni  &  Liveright,  publishers  of  good 
books  at  101  West  40tli  Street,  N.  Y.  Chave 
been  asked  to  define  the  word  that  has  been 
used  in  many  of  our  advertisements  of  the  fa- 
mous Modem  Library.  (The  Modem  Library, 
by  the  way,  now  includes  sixty-six  titles  at 
70c  a  volume.)  In  our  opinion,  a  "  stagnuck  ~ 
is  a  person  who  thinks  Gorky  a  branoof  cav- 
iar ;  Balzac  the  name  of  a  mining  stock ;  Ellen 
Key  the  author  of  "  The  Star  Spangled  Ban- 
ner ;  John  Macy  the  proprietor  of  a  depart- 
ment store  ; "  The  Way  of  All  Flesh  "  a  sex 
book.  What  definitions  have  you  to  suggest  ? 
Don't  be  a  stagnuck  — read  good  books— boy 
them  at  your  book-dealer's  or  send  to  us  for  a 
new  and  comprehensive  catalog  that  you  wX 
be  interested  in.  — Advertisement. 

Digitized  by  Va^^VJV  IV^ 


1918 


THE  OUTLOOK 


381 


Among  the  New  NoveU  {Contimuii 
ttorjr  about  spinners.   The  novel  is  of  dis- 
tmet  literary  valae. 

Mr.  H.  De  Vere  Stacpoole's  "The 
Ghost Girl'X John  Lane  Company)  has  true 
charm  and  atmosphere  in  its  picture  of  life 
in  Charleston  among  the  families  where 
old  traditions  and  memories  are  cherished. 
To  such  a  fiuuily  comes  a  youn?  Irish  girl 
who  fits  in  wonderfully  well  with  the 
people  and  the  life  of  tne  past  Indeed, 
there  is  a  faint  and  delicate  suggestion  all 
through  the  book  that  she  is  dominated  by 
the  personalitT  of  a  Southern  ancestress 
who  once  Uvea  in  the  house  to  which  the 
Irish  girl  now  comes.  The  latter  part  of  the 
tale  is  nnnecessarily  sensational  and  not  at 
aUreaL 

The  plot  of  Mrs.  Norris's  new  story, 
"Josselyn's  Wife"  (Doubleday,  Page), 
is  somewhat  more  sensational  than  one 
usually  finds  in  her  books.  Before  the 
end  u  reached,  however,  we  find  (as  we 
are  sure  to  find  in  the  writings  of  this 
author^  inspiration  to  character  building 
and  faith  in  humanity. 

THE    NEW    BOOKS 

This  Department  will  inolncle  descriptive  notes,  with 
or  without  brief  comments,  abont  books  received 
by  The  Untlook,  Many  of  the  important  books  will 
hitre  more  extended  and  critical  treatment  later 

BOOKS  FOR  TOOTJO  FOLKS 
American  Boys'  Book  of  Signs,  Signals, 
and  Syidtwls  (The).   By  Dan  Beard.   Illus- 
trated. (Woodcraft  Series.)  The  J.  B.  Lippin- 
eott  Company,  Phihidelphia.   $2. 
America's  DaaKhter.  By  RenaL  Habey.  TUus- 
tnted.    The  Lothrop,  Lee  &  Shepaid  Com- 
pany, Boston.  ei^lS. 
Book  of  Bravery  (The).  Bein?  Tme  Stories  in 
an  Asoendin?  Scale  of  Courage.  Collected  and 
Recounted  by  Heniy  Wyaliani  Lanier.   Illus- 
trated.   Chariea  Sonbner's  Sow,  New  York. 
82. 
Here  are  stories  »-plen^  of  men  and 
women  who    have  done  daring   deeds — 
escaping    prisoners,    hardy    adventurers, 
military  and  naval  heroes.    Bovs  will  revel 
in  these  tales  of  real  life,  which  have  been 
skillfully  compiled  and  wisely  condensed. 

Cwinte  Btornui  with  the  Motmted.  By 
James  B.  Hendryx.  Dlnstraled.  O.  P.  Put- 
nun's  Sons,  New  York.  S1.25. 

Orit  A.Plenty.  A  Tale  of  the  Labrador  Wild. 
By  Dilloa  Walhu».  Illustrated.  The  Fleming 
a.  ReveU  Company,  New  York.  »1.25. 

Hale  Merrill's  Honey  Quest.  How  One  Girl 
Made  the  Best  of  Things.  By  Annie  Elizabeth 
Harrb.  Illustrated.  The  Lothrop,  Lee  &  Shep- 
ard  Company,  Boston.   S1.3A. 

Isabel  Carleton's  Friends.  By  Margaret  Ash- 
mnn.  Illustrated.  The  Macmillan  Company, 
New  York.  S1.3S. 

A  capital  girls'  book.  This  is  sure  to  be 
read  by  the  large  number  of  girls  who  have 
enjoyed  the  previous  stories  dealing  with 
IsabeL  Here  she  is  carried  through  college 
life,  and  her  college  friendships  furnish  the 
incidents  of  the  story. 

That  Year  at  Eiin<x>In  Hlch.  By  Joseph  Ool- 
lomb.  Dlnstiated.  The  Macmillan  Company, 
New  Yorit.  $1.36. 

This  ia  one  of  the  best  stories  of  life  in  a 
big  boys'  public  school  we  have  ever  seen. 
The  aothor  has  the  unusual  knack  of  being 
able  to  write  for  boys  and  about  boys 
without  writing  down  to  boys.  There  are 
in  the  story  action,  fun,  and  character.  As 
usual,  atUetic  events  play  an  important 
part  in  the  story,  but  (as  is  not  altogether 
osoal  in  such  books)  baseball  and  track 
meets  are  not  by  any  means  the  overpow- 
ering interest  A  rich  man's  son,  about  to 
enter  an  expensive  private  school,  full  of 
ideas  of  his  own  importance  and  wealtli,  is 
sent  to  a  public  scnool  instead  by  a  wise 


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On  Our  Front 
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The  Sandman's  Forest 

By  Lonis  Dodge 

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Mr.  Dodge  has  made  literature  ont  of  bed- 
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By  Jules  Verne 

Of  all  the  bodu  of  the  neat  eDohaater  of 
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/«i«trat«rf  4y  N.  C.  Wyeth.  92Mnet 

Lovers  of  Louisana 

By  George  W.  Cable 

'I  There  is  a  full  measure  of  Cable's  old- 
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cious. Not  in  many  a  year  have  we  read  a 
roroanoe  so  filled  on  every  page  with  irre- 
sistible humor."— New  York  Tribune. 

91.36  net 

A  Runaway  Woman 

By  Lonis  Dodge 

"  The  allnrin)^  train  of  the  eternal  vagabond 
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idealism  to  the  scenes.  The  entire  narrative 
is  suffused  in  a  rare  and  peculiar  atmoe- 
phere  of  artistic  charm.' — Philadelphia 
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FiAhATeme,  New  York 


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Our  Admirable  Betty 

By  Jrekkry  Farnol 

Auihoi-  of  "  The  Broad  Uigkv?ay^* 
A  jOTMfl  and  vigonnu  rommooe  of  tbe  period  of  "  The 
Broad  Higbmjr."  tl.eo  n^<. 

The  Zeppelin's  Passenger 

By  E.  Phillips  Oppenbbim 
Author  of  "  The-  Patcru  County  "  The  Kingdom  of 
the  Blind''  . 

Another  Oerman  ipy  story — more  ao^acknia  than  Mr. 
Ojipenheim  ha«  heretofore  written.  tlMtirl. 

Out  of  the  Silences 

By  Mary  E.  Waluer 

Autfsor  of  "  The  Wood-carver  of  'Lymput " 
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A  hiffhly  iutereeting  and  truthful  story  of  married 
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By  B.  M.  BowKR 
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Tales  of  War 

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Wonderful  vtonettea  are  these  tales  of  the  ffrcat  European 
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The  Near-East  and  Pan-GermanUm 

By  H.  Charles  Woods,  F.R.G.S. 

The  ktest  authoritative  book  oo  Bulgaria,  Tuikm  ai>d  the 
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ri.J30  net. 

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By  Laurence  La  Tourbtte  Drioob 

Authentic  stories  of  the  famous  French,  American,  Eng- 
lish, Italian  and  Belgian  aviators,  by  an  authoritative 
writer.  fl.fiO  ntt. 

Nerves  and  the  War 

By  Anhir  Payson  Call 

A  timely  and  appropriate  volume  on  tbe  economy  <A  nerve 
foioe  by  the  author  of  "  Power  Through  Repose."  (1.26  ntU 

Thy  Son  Liveth: 

MeMaget  from  a  Soldier  to  his  Mother 

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George  Westinghouse : 

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By  Francis  E.  Lbupp 

The  biography  of  one  of  America's  greatest  inventors 
(bat  read*  like  a  romaiHx.  S3.00. 

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By  Lilian  Whitino 
A  temaot  of  the  varied  experienoea  of  one  of  America's 
beat  known  women  of  letters,  gathered  along  *'  The  Golden 
Bead  "  of  life,  at  home  and  abroad.  (3.00  net. 

My  Chinese  Days 

By  GuuBLMA  F.  Auop 

Vith  its  background  of  Oriental  coIotb,  customs  and 
mystery,  this  is  a  volume  of  really  wonderful  vignettes  of 
ObiDese  life,  by  a  woman  pfaysiciao.  $2.00  net. 


Representative  British 
Dramas: 

Victorian  and  Modem 

Edited  by  Montrose  J.  Moses 

Contains  the  complete  text  of  21  f^l  from  Bulwer-Lyttoo 
down  to  Oalsworthy  and  Dmuany.  These  playc  tUnstrate  the 
progress  of  the  British  Dimmatist  in  technique  and  ideas.  In 
addition  to  an  informative  genera]  pr«bce,  each  play  is  pre- 
ceded by  a  full  iutroductkni.  873  pages.  $1.00  net. 

Little  Theater  Classics 

Volume  I 

By  SAMimL  A.  Eliot,  Jr. 

Contains  five  daaaic  oa»4ct  plays  of  rare  merit  ad^ited 
for  "  Little  Ilieateis,"  or  for  stay«t-hame  readers.  $1.S0  net. 


Published   by    LITTLE,  BROWN  &  COMPANY,    Boston,    Maw. 

citizens  who  have  followed  a  leader  in  doing 
a  work  supremely  worth  while."  Their 
leader,  Mr.  J.  Fred  Wolle,  a  Bach  enthu- 
siast, has  created  this  choir  out  of  this 
material  and  made  Bethlehem  almost  as 
famous  in  its  way  as  Wagner  made  Bay- 
reuth.  This  volume,  well  illustrated,  gives 
what  may  be  regarded  as  an  official  account 
of  the  creation  and  development  of  this 
Bethlehem  Bach  Choir  and  tne  remarkable 
annual  festivals  which  it  hasproduced. 
Colour  Studies  in  Paris.  By  Arthur  Symona. 
mnstrated.  E.  P.  Dutton  &  do.,  New  York.  «3. 

Strangely  out  of  touch  with  our  prevail- 
ing war  mood  seems  this  volume  at  first 
And  yet  perhaps  that  is  its  excellence ;  for 
where  will  we  find  a  greater  detachment 
than  in  bohemian  Pans  and  in  its  literary 
and  artistic  coteries  about  which  Dr. 
Symons  writes  ?  And  he  writes  with  all  his 
accustomed  charm  and  lightness  of  touch. 
Japanese  Printe.  By  John  Gonid  Fletcher. 
Illustrated.  The  Four  Seas  Coiupanv,  Boston. 
$1.75. 

During  the  past  thirty  years  most  poetry 
has  been  eloquent  rather  than  imaginative. 
But  poetry  deals  with  images,  and  in  order 


The  New  Books  (Conttnued) 
father,  who  discovers  what  is  the  matter 
with  hj8  boy.  After  an  attempt  to  snub  and 
lord  it  over  his  fellow-students,  he  ends  by 
becoming  the  friend  and  partner  of  Isidore 
Smolensky,  of  the  East  Side,  and  when  he 
finally  does  go  to  the  private  school  he  is  a 
boy  democrat  of  the  best  type. 

Cnder  Orders.  The  Story  of  "nm  and   "  The 

Club."    By  Harold  S.  Latham.    Illugtrated. 

The  MacmiUan  Company,  New  York.  81.33. 

A  wholesome  and  animated  boys'  story. 

The  author  knows  a  great  deal  about  boys 

and  boys'  clubs.    "  Tim,"  a  by  no  means 

perfect  lad,  gets  fun,  ambition,  and  char^ 

acter  stimulus  from  lus  club  Ufe.    There  is 

nothing  "  preachy  "  about  the  story  ;  it  has 

vigor,  mcident,  and  liveliness. 

MUSIC,  PAINTING,  AND  OTHKR  AKT8 
Bethlehem  Bach  Choir  (The).  By  Rarmond 
Walters.  Houghton  Mifflin  Company,  Boston. 
$2.50. 

_  The  Outlook  has  in  successive  years 
l^ven  account  of  the  remarkable  mu.sical 
services  of  the  Bethlehem  Bach  Choir. 
Bethlehem  u  composed  of  "  plain  Ajnerican 


6  November 

to  be  vivid  it  must  give  a  vivid  picture. 
The  present  artisticalKr  made  and  remark- 
ably illustrated  little  book  contains  "  ima- 
gist "  poems.  Many  of  them  are  exquisite 
and  appealing  in  their  terseness.  Like  the 
Japanese  prints  which  inspire  them,  they 
have  evidently  been  written  to  express 
emotion  in  the  fewest  possible  terms.  Of 
course  much  can  be  expressed  in  little,  and 
many  of  us  should  learn  how  sparingly 
words  need  to  be  used  to  produce  effect 
Indeed,  we  c«n  well  learn  that  from  the 

firesent  volume.  Apparently  we  can  also 
earn  from  it,  however,  that  over-condensa- 
tion seems  to  interfere  with  -a  poet's  dis- 
tinction now  and  tlien,  whether  of  vision 
or  style. 

BIOORAPHT 
General    Foch.    An  Appreoiation.    Br 'Major 

Robert  M.  Johnston,  U.  S.  N.  A.    Honghtoo 

Mifflin  Company,  iioston.  SI. 
Life  and  Letters  of  Joel  Chandler  Harrig 

(The).  By  Julia  Collier  Harris.    lUnstrated. 

Houghton  Mifflin  Company,  Boston.  $3JS0. 
The  author  of  "  Uncle  Remus  "  was  one 
of  the  most  lovable  of  men.  It  is  a  privi 
lege  to'be  able  to  enter  into  the  personal  life 
OT  one  so  modest  and  even  shy,  so  kindly 
of  spirit,  so  humorous  in  expression,  as  wu 
Joel  Chandler  Harris.  This  life  by  hit 
daughter-in-law  is  one  of  the  biographies 
eminently  worth  keeping  as  well  as  read- 
ing. It  IS  the  kind  of  book  one  niay  take 
down  from  the  shelf  any  time  and  read 
from  with  pleasure.  Perhaps  most  delight- 
ful of  aU  the  pages  of  the  book  are  those 
which  hold  Mr.  Harris's  letters  to  big 
daughters  at  school.  These  are  playful  and 
full  of  fun  as  well  as  of  affection.  Anecdote* 
abound  about  Mr.  Harris's  relations  with 
James  Whitcomb  Riley,  Mark  Twain,  and 
many  other  personal  and  literary  friends. 
One  wishes  that  librarians  could  persuade 
omnivorous  readers  of  novels  that  in  such  a 
book  as  this  there  is  a  higher  kind  of  entei^ 
tainment  than  in  four-fifths  of  tiie  fiction 
published. 

Out  of  the  Shadow.  By  Rose  Cohan.  Tan- 
ttated.  The  Oeotge  H.  Doraa  Company,-  Nev 
lork.  v2. 

An  autobiography  that  reads  like  a  novel 
How  a  Russian  emigrant  girl  coald  write 
sach  a  story  as  this  is  one  of  the  mysteries 
of  the  thing  we  call  genius.  The  pen-pie- 
tures  of  Jewish  life  in  Russia  and  in  Amer- 
ica are  at  times  harrowing,  but  the  light 
breaks  at  last  in  this  somber  life,  and  the 
reader  rejoices  that  the  author's  sensitive 
soul  comes  to  its  own. 

HI8T0RT.  POUTICAL  KCONOI(T.  AND  FOUnCS 

Book  of  American  Wars  (The).  By  Helea 
Nioolav.  ■  Illostrsted.  The  Centary  Comiiaar 
New  York.    *2. 

Here  is  a  clearly  written  account  of  our 
various  wars  ;  the  picturesque  and  striking 
events  in  them  are  lifted  out  of  the  mass  of 
details  that  fill  the  formal  histories,  and  tbe 
whole  is  made  palatable  and  informative  to 
young  readers. 

Blse  of  the  Spanish-American  Republics. 

By  William  Spenoe  Robertson,  Ph.D.  lUa*- 
tiated.  D.  Appleton  &  Co.,  New  York.  $3. 
Professor  Robertson  has  written  a  par- 
ticularly readable  book,  because  he  has 
^ven  ns  his  account  of  the  making  of  an 
mdependent  Spanish  America  in  the  form 
of  biography.  He  tells  about  seven  men 
who  were  leaders  of  the  Spanish-Ainerican 
revolution.  Even  the  most  restive  school- 
boy, _  who  would  shy  at  any  snppaeedlr 
«  serious  "  reading,  would,  we  thidk,  be  in- 
terested, and  possibly  fascinated,  by  this 
highly  dramatic  account  of  the  period  be- 
tween 1808  and  1830— a  period  which  lies 
between  the  colonial  era  proper  of  I«tiii- 


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THE   OUTLOOK 


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ne  New  Book*  (Contimed) 
American  hUtory  and  what  we  might  call 
the  national  era. 

Riae  of  the  Spanish  Empire  in  the  Old 

World  and  in  the  New  (The).    Bv  Roger 

Bigelov  Merriman.  Vol.  I — The  Middle  Ages. 

Vd.  II— The  Catholic  Kidrs.    The  MacmiUaii 

Compuy,  New  York.  »7.5(>. 

These  are  fascinating  volumes.  They  are 

comprehensive,  too,  for   tliey  comprise  a 

histonr  of  the  different  Spanish  states  in 

the  Middle  Ages,  the  growth  of  the  Ara- 

Snese  Empire  in  the  western  basin  of  the 
editerranean,  the  reoivanizatiop  of  Spain 
under  Ferdinand  and  Isabella,  the  begin- 
ning of  a  new  period  of  expansion  in 
America  and  North  Africa,  and  tlie  early 
■tages  of  the  conflict  between  France  and 
Spain  for  the  supremacy  of  western  Europe. 
Professor  Merriman's  history  would  seem 
to  have  some  claim  towards  becoming  a 
standard  work. 

ESS  ATS  ASD  CRITICiaM 
New  Death  (The).  By  Winifred  Kirkliuid. 
HouKhtOD  Mifflin  Conipaoy,  Boston.  S1.25. 
A  prose  poem.  The  author  has  made  a 
veiy  careful  study  of  the  war  books,  espe- 
cially tlie  letters  and  poems  written  by  sol- 
diers at  the  front.  Sne  tlms  interprets  the 
])opnlar  intuition  finding  expression  in 
those  letters  and  poems  :  "  The  young  men, 
facing  death,  write  of  tlieir  continued  ex- 
istence with  rapt  certainty ;  the  old  men 
regard  that  vision  with  wistful  cre<lence  ; 
these  are  old  enough  to  be  humble,  while 
the  young  men  are  young  enough  to  be  in- 
trepid. 'Fhe  middle-aged,  however,  are  as 
tenacious  as  they  are  timid.  Insulated  by 
intellect,  they  do  not  readily  admit  tlie 
present  electrifying  of  all  life  by  the  new 
popular  perceptions.  They  do  not  see  how 
many  people  everywhere  are  believing  the 
soul  survives,  and,  contrary  to  tlie  in<liffer- 
«nce  of  four  years  ago,  living  as  if  they  be- 
lieved it"  She  finds  evidence  of  tliis  new 
apprehension  of  death,  not  only  in  the  sol- 
diers' letters,  but  also  in  the  popular  fiction. 
She  wisely  does  not  attempt  to  define  it  in 
terms  of  philosophy,  but  portrays  it  as 
jui  experience  which  defies  definition  yet 
is  nevertheless  real,  vital,  and  convincing, 
the  more  so  because  it  does  not  take  the 
form  of  a  definite  creed.  It  might  be  de- 
scribed as  an  acceptance  of  death  as  the 
Great  Adventure — all  the  more  fascinating 
to  heroic  souls  because  it  is  an  adventure 
into  an  unknown  experience. 

Valley  of  Democracy  (The).    By  Meredith 
Niobolaon.     lUnstiated.      Charles    Soribner's 
twos.  New  York.  t.2. 
£eaays  by  a  Western  man  that  will  fur- 
nish goiod  reading  both  to  his  "  home  folks  " 
»nd   the  residents  of  the  "  insular  East." 
Tlie  characterizations  of  the  Middle  West- 
em  land  and  people  are  keen,  tlioughtful, 
sympathetic  but  not  unduly  adulatory,  and 
the  book  radiates  the  spirit  tliat  makes  the 
West  fascinating. 

TRAVEL  AND  DESCRIPTION 
BXivays  in  Sonthern  Tuscany.  B^  Katha- 
rine Hooker.  Illastmted.  Charles  Soribner's 
Sons,  New  York.  S3.O0. 
Any  one  who  has  ever  traveled  from 
Florence  to  Rome  must  pass  tlirough 
•oathem  Tuscany.  Not  so  dramatic,  per- 
haps, either  in  natural  beauty  or  historical 
interest  as  is  Uinbria,  fartlier  to  the  south 
and  also  on  the  road  to  Rome,  soutliem 
Tuscany  is  well  worth  tlie  traveler's  atten- 
tion, especially  the  attention  of  the  enviable 
traveler  on  foot  or  cycle.  The  natural 
beauty  and  historic  interest  of  southern 
Tuscany  have  now,  we  are  glad  to  say, 
bad  the  additional  witness  or  the  present 
Tolnme,  with  its    many   illustrations,    its 


These  are  ADPleton  Books 

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The  United  States  in  the  World  War 

By  JOHN  BACH  McMASTER 

The  distinguished  historian  gives  in  this  book  the  facts  r^arding 
America's  participation  in  the  war.  In  his  intensely  interesting 
and  readable  style,  Professor  McMaster  tells  of  the  events  in  this 
country  following  Germany's  declaration  of  war  in  Europe  and  the 
circumstances  which  made  our  entry  inevitable  are  presented  in 
detail.  This  is  the  most  timely  and  authoritative  book  on  the 
subject  that  has  yet  appeared.  8vo,  with  map,  $3.00  net. 


Prussian  Political  Phflosophy 

By  WESTEL  W.  WILLOUGHBY 

The  political  principles  which  make 
Germany  a  menace  to  democracy. 

$1.50  net. 

German  Submarine  Warfare 

By  WESLEY  FROST 

A  complete  investigation  of  Ger- 
many's submarine  frightfulness  by 
the  former  U.  S.  Consul  at  Queens- 
town.  Illus.  $1.50  net. 

Unchained  Russia 

By  CHARLES  E.  RUSSELL 

A  striking  and  accurate  account  of 
chaotic  Russia— its  conflicting  parties 
and  their  aims — its  leaders  and  its 
possible  future.  f  1.50  net 


Fighting  France 


By  STEP.HANE   LAUZANNE 

What  France  has  done — how  she  has 
fought  and  suffered — her  present  re- 
sources and  her  war  aims.    $1.50  net. 

A  Reporter  at  Armageddon 

By  WILL  IRWIN 

A  correspondent's  vivid  and  signifi- 
cant observations  in  France  and  Italy, 
Spain  and  Switzerland.        $1.50  net. 

The  Doctor's  Part 

By  COL.  JAMES  R.  CHURCH 

The  great  work  which  is  being  done 
by  the  Medical  Corps  in  earing  for 
and  curing  our  sick  and  wounded 
soldiers.  $1.50  net 

From  the  Front 

An  Anthology  of  Trench  Poetry 

Compiled  by  LIEUT.  C.  E.  ANDREWS 

"The  best  new  book  of  actual  war 
poetry  because  it  gives  you  a  vivid 
picture  of  war  as  it  is." — Review  of 
Reviews. 

An  Ethical  Philosophy  of  Life 

By  FELIX  ADLER 

A  philosophy  growing  out  of  the  ex- 
perience of  over  forty  years  spent  in 
active  social  service.  $3.00  net. 


Camps  and  Trails  in  China 

By  ROY  CHAPMAN  ANDREWS  and 
YVETTE  BORUP  ANDREWS 

The  thrilling  account  of  a  2,000  mile 

trip  through  Yunnan. 

Profusely  illustrated.  $3.00  net. 

American  Negro  Skvery 

By  ULRICH  B.  PHILLIPS 

An  interesting,  authoritative  history 
of  American  negro  slavery  and  of  life 
and  conditions  in  the  South.  $3.00  net. 

Psychic  Tendencies  of  Today 

By  ALFRED  W.  MARTIN 

Does  modern  materialism  deny  im- 
mortality ?  Read  Dr.  Martin's  deduc- 
tions in  this  discussion  of  the  various 
aspects  of  the  new  psychic  move- 
ments. $1.25  net 

Commerdal  Aihibration  and  die  Law 

By  JULIUS  HENRY  COHEN 

A  detailed  study  of  the  judicial  doc- 
trine that  an  agreement  to  submit 
any  differences  over  a  contract  is  not 
in  itself  a  legal  contract  and  may  be 
revoked  at  pleasure  by  either  party. 
$3.00  net. 

The  Woman  Citizen 

By  HORACE  A.  HOLLISTER 

A  general  survey  of  woman's  status 
and  achievements  in  the  various  fields 
of  service.  $1.75  net 

The  Little  Democracy 

By  IDA  CLYDE  CLARKE 

The  development  of  the  community 
organization  in  its  various  phases. 

$1.50  net 

The  Writiiig  and  Reading  of  Verse 

By  CLARENCE  E.  ANDREWS 

The  forms  of  English  verse,  how 
metrical  and  emotional  effects  are 
obtained,  vers  libre,  etc.       $2.00  net. 

The  Rise  of  the  Spanish 
American  Republics 

By  WILLIAM  SPEN'CE   ROBERTSON 

How  the  South  American  republics 
won  independence,  told  in  the  lives 
of  their  liberators.  Illus.       $3.00  net 


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LIPPINCOTT 

Books 

FICTION 

ESMERALDA,  or  Every  LHde  Bit  Helps 

l>7  Nina  Wilooz  Putnam  and  Norman  JaeotaMD.  FnmtitTMct 
in  color,  4  in  htUf-tone  by  May  Wilton  PmUm.  $IM  net. 
Th«  braeiT,  hnmorona  itory  «  a  Eirl  from  CaUtornla  who 
mawta  the  tnditioiu  of  New  Ton's  amarteit  aat  and  tnct- 
dant^y  doea  some  splendid  War  Work.  This  is  a  patriotic 
tale,  ap  to  the  minate,  startling  and  delightful,  that  no 
American  will  want  to  miss. 

CLEAR  THE  DECKS!  by  "Commaader/*  A  thrflUnK 
tale  of  par  nary  boys  In  action— based  on  fact  The  type  of 
"new''baokweareall  aaxioostoread.  Written  by  a  u.  B. 
NaTalOmaer  during  off  boon  in  aotoalaerrlce.  lUustrattd, 
nMnet. 

THE  HISTORICAL  NIGHTS'   ENTERTAMHENT 

by  Rafael  BabaHni.  geanea  already  famous  through  great 
foreign  writers  portrayed  with  rare  aUII  In  the  form  of  thir- 
teen short  stories,  each  culminating  In  the  dtaoatlo  bappen- 
faigs  of  a  night.  fl.lS  net. 

MISCELLANEOUS 

THE    SUBMARINE    IN    WAR   AND   PEACE 

by  Simon  lake,  H.  L  H.  A.  The  foremost  inrentor  of  the 
day  along  submarine  Unes,  glree  an  tntereating,  authoritatii  e 
•ooountofthedeTelopment,prasent,pastandIatuiBotunder- 
aeacraft,  with  many  suggestions  for  oiTentors.  It  IssdentiA- 
cally  accurate,  yet  not  at  all  technksL  lUutlraltd.  f9.W  net. 

THE  WAR  AND  THE  COMING  PEACE  byHorru 

Jastrow,  Jr.,  Ph.D.,  LL.D.  Author  of  "The  War  and  the 
Bagdad  Railway."  A  new  kind  of  Peace  Book.  The  great 
moral  Issue  of  the  war  and  the  foundations  of  a  permanent 
peace  set  forth  In  sn  original  maimer.  tl.Wn«(. 

THE    ROMANCE   OF    OLD    PHILADELPHIA 

by  John  T.  Faris.  All  the  tsaeiuatliu;  romsnce  of  the  pioneer 
settlers'  Ures.  Much  new  historicaTmaterial  and  a  "differ- 
ent" newpoint.  Period— up  to  the  transfer  o<  capital  to 
VTaaUngton.  IW  JUtutraUont.  ttMnet. 

DECORATIVE  TEXTILES  br  Ooom  Leiand  Bnnter. 
A  perfect  reeerroir  of  oombinatumc  ana  schemes  old  and 


new,  Tti»  first  anthorltatiTe,  comprehensire  and  thorough 
work  of  reference  published  in  any  language.  577  Splendid 
lUutlnUumt  in  color  and  half-lone  $U.        " 


HOME   AND   COMMUNITY    HYGIENE  hy  jean 

Broadbunt.  Ph.D,  "A  cyclopediA  of  hygtene."— A^.  r. 
Tribune,  vital  health  jproDlema  and  thur  lolutioii,  diaease 
pnTfiotiou  and  cure,  llie  author  la  an  expert  In  her  field. 
VluitnM.  92.00  net. 

MODERN  SHU>BUUJ)ING  TERMS,  dehneo  and 

iUUSTRATED  by  F.  Forrest  Fesae.  The  shlpbuildeie'  and 
ahipworkers'  need  for  a  complete  antboritathre  reference 
book  is  supplied  by  this  new  encyolopBdIa  and  guide  to  the 
use  of  tools  and  ship  construction.  The  author  is  sn  Instructor 
in  the  Emergency  Fleet  Corporatiou.  lUuilralcd.  tiMnel. 


THE  BUSINESS  OF  THE  HOUSEHOLD  by 


c.  w. 


etc.  Abook  every  housewife,  h 

pupU  should  hare.  lUuilralcd.  (2.00  ne<. 

FOB  BOYS  4-  OISLS 

THE  AMERICAN   BOYS'  ENGINEERING  BOOK 

by  A.  Russell  Bond.  Folhiwing  a  boy'a  natural  bent  to  oon- 
struct,  the  author  trains  his  youthful  readers  to  do  real 
men*s  work  in  miniature,  at  almost  no  cost.  A  book  boys 
will  rerel  in,  and  which  will  help  to  fit  them  for  larger  tasks 
In  years  to  come.  KOdiagranu.  tSMnel, 

AMERICAN  BOYS'  BOOK  OF  SIGNS,  SIGNALS 

AND  SYMBOLS  by  Dan  Beard.  Kvery  kind  of  code  trana' 
mission  fascinatingly  described— Indian,  foreeter,  animal, 
tramp,  secret  organiatlaii,  Morse  Telegraph,  Nary,  deaf  and 
dumb,  etc.  A  tressur»'house  for  boy-scouts.  sO  JUutlra- 
Mont.  $2Mnel. 

GENERAL  CROOK  AND  THE  HGHTING  APACHES 

by  Edwin  L.  Babfai.  A  stirring  tale  of  adTentare  with  Gen- 
eral Crook,  the  redoubtable  Indian  fighter.  Actual  history 
is  the  basis  for  this  thrilling  tale.  Kimmr  Dunn,  who  aided 
General  Crook,  will  be  the  envy  of  every  live  American  boy. 
lllutlraled.  ti..76net. 

KEDuIH  by  Jane  D.  Abbott.  The  beat  of  modem  Ameri^ 
can  home  life  Is  portrayed  bi  this  wholesome  girls'  book. 
The  enchantment  of  this  delightful  storr  lingers  long  In  the 
memory  of  the  fortunate  girlreader.  Juiutrated.  91.29  »«f. 


AT  ALL  BOOKSTORES 

J.  B.  UPPINCOTT  CO. 

PUBUSHERS  PHILADELPHIA 


THE  OUTLOOK 

The  Ntw  Book*  (Continued) 
ample  bibliography,  and   its  informative 
(but  not  oppressiTely  informative)  text. 

Ca.t8kiIIs  (The).    By  T.  Morris  Lonestreth.    H- 
Instrated.  The  Century  Company,  New  York. 
82.50. 
This  is  a  pleasantly  hamoroos,  agreeably 
desultory,   vividly  colorful  account  of  a 
walking  trip  through  the  Catskills.   The 
author  feels  the  atmosphere  of  the  moun- 
tains and  makes  the  reader  feel  it   There 
are  exceptionally  good  pictures. 

Fifth  Avenue.  By  Arthor  Bartlett  Manrice. 
Illnatrsted.  Dodd,  Mead  &  Co,  New  York. 
$2.00. 

This  attractively  printed  and  illustrated 
volume  will  interest  primarily  the  New 
Yorker,  and  especially  the  2<ew  Yorker 
who  has  a  good  memory  for  his  native 
heath  and  the  changes  uiat  are  alwajrs 
transforming  it  The  Avenue's  history  is 
told  in  a  systematic  way  that  yet  has  kve- 
liness  and  charm  in  it 

Valentine's  Mannal  of  the  City  of  New 
York,  1917-1918.  Edited  by  Henry  CoUins 
Brown.  The  Old  Colony  Press,  Xew  York. 
This  volume  of  448  pages  is  a  remark- 
able coUection  of  interesting  data  respect- 
ing old  and  g^wing  New  York.  A  striking 
feature  of  the  book  is  the  abundant  illus- 
trations— ^most  of  them  photographs,  some 
excellent  colored  pictures.  One  oi  the  most 
striking  is  the  double  panoramic  photo- 
graph exhibiting  in  contrast  lower  Manhat- 
tan as  it  appeared  in  1876  and  the  same  view 
as  it  appeared  from  the  Brooklyn  Bridge 
in  1917.  For  illustration  of  the  interesting 
information  contained  in  this  unique  booK 
we  quote  four  extracts  from  the  diary  of 
Dr.  Haswell : 

1819.  May  25.  A  party  left  TompkinsviUe, 
S.  I.,  in  a  post  stage,  at  3  A.M.,  for  Philadelphia, 
and  returned  at  8  p.m.  This  was  an  endeavor 
to  illostrate  the  great  despatoh  of  the  route. 
Fare,  eight  dollars  each  way. 

1819.  A  {oratioal  Teasel  was  seen  off  Sandy 
Hook. 

1819.  There  was  not  in  this  year  ten  private 
carriages  proper.  Many  years  past  I  essayed  to 
recapitulate  the  aomber  of  oitizens  who  pos- 
sessed them,  and  I  could  not  exceed  seven,  and 
to  meet  some  one  or  more  I  may  have  missed, 
I  put  the  number  as  first  above. 

1820.  In  March  of  this  year  was  bnilt  the 
steamer  Savannah  of  eighty  tons,  old  measure- 
ment, said  to  have  had  folding  waterwheels, 
which  were  taken  out  and  laid  on  deck  when 
not  in  use,  presumably  when  she  was  under 
sail  alone.  She  sailed  to  Savannah  and  thence 
to  Liverpool,  where  she  arrived  on  June  20,  the 
Erst  steam  vessel  to  cross  the  Atlantic  Ocean. 

Henry  Collins  Brown  has  rendered  a 
public  service  by  this  publication.  The 
work  of  gathering  the  pictures  alone  must 
have  been  very  great 

Under  Sail.  By  Felix  Riesenberg.  Illnstrated. 
The  Macmillan  Company,  New  York.  $2.50. 

The  narrative  of  a  voyage  before  the 
piast  in  1898  in  a  sailing  ship  around  Cape 
Horn.  Tlie  book  is  fair-minded,  pictur- 
esque, and  readable,  a  worthy  companion- 
piece  to  Dana's  famous  "Two  Years 
Before  the  Mast" 

RELIGION  AND  PHIL080PHT 
Catholicity:  A  Treatise  on  the  Unity  of 
Religions.    By  the  Kev.  R.  Heber  Newton, 
D.D.   G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons,  New  York.  $1.76. 

A  posthumous  work.  A  single  sentence 
gives  the  clue  to  the  authors  purpose: 
"  Christianity  is  the  flower  of  paganism." 
What  he  means  by  this  sentence  he  inter- 
prets in  the  following  sentence :  "  In  that 
Christianity  has  grown  out  of  the  great 
religions  preceding  it,  absorbed  into  itself 
their  vital  elements,  and  become  thus  their 
reproduction  in  nobler  and  higher  forms, 
we  can  expect  that  as  Christianity  con- 


6  November 


NOTABLE  FALLBOOKS 


THE  WORLD  WAR 

THE  LOVE 

OF  AN  UNKNOWN  SOLDIER 

A  Manuscript  Found  in  a  Dug-out 

CkM,tlJlSntL 
In  the  trenohee  a  soldier  wrote  his  hsait  on  pwer,  thee 
vanished.  How  ?  No  one  knows,  but  he  Irft  bdiod 
this  intimate  document— a  ooofeeaioa  of  extiaocdi- 
narr  importance  to  eome  American  girt.  Who  it  the— 
amdioherrf  We  publish  this  secret  aofeofaiagsapfay  in 
the  hope  that  its  mesasge  may  reach  her.  The  moit 
intriguing  mystery,  from  a  litemiy  standpoint,  that 
the  war  has  produced. 

OUT  TO  WIN 

By  LT.  CONINOBBT  DAWBON,  author  of  "Carry 
On,"  "  The  Glory  of  the  Tnoehas,"  etc. 
Thint  EdUion.  Cloth,  tl.»  "''• 

A  vivid  prophetic,  optimistia  and  inqiiring  statement 
of  Amuka's  accomplishments  in  Fiance. 

GONE  ASTRAY 

LamTas  from  an  Empefor**  Diary  Cloth,  $l£0»eL 
Whetlier  viewed  from  the  Btandpoliit  of  a  peraooil 
docanumt  or  the  remit  of  a  lileloag  Btadr  by  a  nu- 
velloiuly  gifted  atudeat  of  chuaoter,  thia  ■ton'  of 
the  Kaiser's  obaeasioo  for  wozid  dominatioa,  from 
boyhood  to  the  present  day,  wiU  prore  intereeting  and 
niiiiniTiatingi 

PUSHING  WATER 

By  LI.  EBIO  P.  DAWSON,  R.N.V3. 

FronHtpitxe.    CfoO,  fl.00  srf. 

The  story  of  flie  Brttiah  AuxiUaiy  Fatrol— the  navy  of 

■nail  craft,  the  bro«ns  and  eyes  of  the  Qtand  fleet. 

ROUMANIA 

By  MRS.  WILL  GORDON,  F.R.0.8. 

Pn/uteii/iUutlrated.  Cloa,$3MneL 
A  wnoderfully  faitensting  history  of  Rnrnnania,  ft 

and  present,  with  an  IntroduotiaB  and  two  cha^iten 

by  U.  K.  Queen  Marie. 

ASIA  MINOR 

By  WALTKB  A.  HAWLET,  author  at  "Oilenial 
Rugs,"  etc.  lllutlraled.  Cloth,  S3.S0  ntt. 

An  Inliiieeliiin  and  Informing  account  of  that  Htde. 
known  {lart  of  the  Near  Ksst— Asia  Mbiar  irtiich 
is  destined  to  occupy  sn  important  place  in  tbe 
aoUvltiea  of  the  world. 

OF  GENERAL  INTEREST 


RUPERT  BROOKE 

A  Memoir  by  EDWARD  MARSH 

Prontitpieee  PorlnU.   ClaOt,H.KniL 
The  oiBcial  memoir  of  this  celebiatad  poet  oontsining 

many  hitherto  unpublished  lettere  and  a  few  poems 

not  previously  prteted. 

SKETCHES  IN  DUNELAND 

By  EARL  H.  REED,  Author  of  "  The  Dune  Coantry," 
etc.  lllutlraled.  Clolk,  $3J0  ud. 

A  reslly  beautiful  book  of  drawings  and  aDpredatisas 
of  the  wonderland  c<  sand  on  the  wOd  ooasu  ol 
I«ka  Michigan. 

FAMOUS  PICTURES  OF 
REAL  ANIMALS 


By  LORINDA  M.   BRYANT,  antiiar  of 

Pioturea  and  Their  Pafaiters,"  etc. 

Pro/utety  TUuttraled.  CloUk,  $IS0  aH. 
A   companion    volume    to    Mrs.     t!iyant*s    ia|«lsr 

"  Famous  Pictures  of  Resl  Boys  sad  OWa." 

WAR  FICTION 
THE  ROUGH  ROAD 

By  W.  J.  IX>CKX,  author  of  "  Tbe  Red  Phaat,"  etc 

Third  Edition.     Cloth,  tiJBO  net 

A  truly  Lockean  roinanoe  of  youth  and  tbe  Grat  War. 

nie  moet  popularnorel  of  the 


TOWARDS  MORNING 

By  IDA  A.  R.  WYLIE,  author  id  "The  Sbming 
Heighta,"  etc.  Third  BdiHon.  CUMk,  tlMnrt. 

A  remarkably  powerful  story  of  a  b^y's  soul  seared  bf 
the  brutal  hand  of  Prussisnism. 

THE  WAR  EAGLE 

By  W.  J.  DAWBON,  author  of  "  The  rtOmr  at  • 
Soldier."  etc.  Second  Edition.  Cloth,  HID  ueL 

A  dramatic  finely  written  and  conoeived  story  flOk. 
bodying  a  record  of  the  flrat  year  of  the  war. 

OF  ALL  B00K8EIXEBS 


JOHN  LANE  CO. 


NEW  YORK 


Digitized  by 


Google 


1918 


THE  OUTLOOK 


385 


lU  Nod  Bcokt  iConttnuedi 
fronts  the  other  great  religions  of  the  world 
in  the  continued  stmggle  for  existence  it 
will  prove  itself  capable  afresh  of  a  con- 
tinaed  sorrival  as  the  fittest"  Most  writ- 
ets  on  Christianity  have  treated  it  as  an 
experience  quite  ^art  from,  if  not  hostile 
to,  the  pagan  religions.  Dr.  Newton,  in  his 
emphasis  on  the  universality  of  religion  as 
a  real  spiritual  experience  confined  to  no 
race  or  epooh,  has  not,  we  tliink,  sufficiently 
rect^nized  the  real  and  radical  differences 
between  the  Christian  and  the  pagan  relig- 
ions. The  book  is  useful  because  it  brings 
out  a  truth  too  often  ignored  ;  but  the  lay 
reader  must  take  it  as  a  presentation,  not 
of  the  whole  truth  respecting  world  relig- 
ions, but  only  as  one  neglected  phase  of 
that  truth. 

Sonroes  of  the  Hexateucb  (The).  Br  Edgar 
Sheffield  BriKhttnan,  S.T.U.,  Pb.D.  TbeAb- 
iogdon  PreSB,  New  York.   $3. 

A  century  of  scholarly  investigation  of 
the  documents  interwoven  in  the  first  six 
books  of  the  Bible  has  finally  settled  the 
problem  of  their  different  origms  and  dates : 
The  Judiean  narrative,  the  oldest,  dated 
850  B.C. ;  the  Ephraimitic,  in  northern 
Israel,  dated  730 ;  the  PriesUy  Code,  dated 
after  538.  £ach  of  these  three  is  separately 
presented  entire  in  the  text  of  the  American 
Standard  edition  of  the  Revised  Version 
witli  an  Introduction  pointing  out  its  liter- 
ary, historical,  and  rehgiouscnaracteristics. 
In  the  text  of  each  the  editorial  connections 
made  in  piecing  them  together  in  the  Pen- 
tateuch, completed  about  400  B.C.,  are  dis- 
tinctively marked.  Deuteronomy,  its  fourth 
component,  published  621,  is  omitted  be- 
caose  sufSciently  complete  in  itself. 

WAR  BOOKS 
Desert  Campaigns  mie).   B;  W.  T.  Maaaev. 

lUnatmted.  Q.  P.  Putnam's  Sons,  New  York. 

•1.00. 
The  newspapers  have  paid  less  attention, 
apparently,  to  £gypt  and  the  desert  cam- 
paigns tnian  to  any  other  region  of  the 
present  war.  It  is  well  to  have  such  a  book 
as  the  present  volume  at  hand  to  remind 
ns  of  the  splendid  thinn  which  have  been 
accomplished  by  the  British  forces,  wlio 
know  well  how  to  meet  the  Arab  and  the 
Turk  on  their  own  ground.  Fortunately  for 
the  British,  the  Arabs  were  not  slow  in 
allyinff  themselves  with  the  Elntente  conn- 
tnes. 
Vraok  Berlin  to  Basdad.   Behind  the  Soenea 

in  the  Near  East.  By  George  Abel  Sobieiner. 

Qbutnted.  Harper  &  Brotheia,  New  York.  $2. 

Among  the  features  of  interest  in  this 
Tolnme's  not  overcondensed  text  is  the 
atttiior's  description  of  Turkish  women. 
After  reading  it,  their  condition  does  not 
appear  so  hopeless  as  it  once  did.  Nor  do  cer- 
tain Turkish  characj«rs  seem  so  baffling — 
for  instance,  Elnver  Pasha,  the  Minister  of 
War,  and  Talaat  Pasha,  the  Grand  Vizier. 

Home  Fires  in  France.  By  Dorothy  Canfield. 
Henry  Holt  &  Co.,  New  York.  $1.35. 
Professor  Cross,  of  Yale,  writing  in 
hieh  praise  of  this  book,  used  a  phrase 
vrmch  might  lead  some  readers  to  suppose 
that  it  was  fiction.  Some  of  the  chapters 
are  aemi-fictitious  in  form,  but,  as  the  author 
herself  said,  every  one  of  them  is  true  in 
fact  and  in  actual  experience  if  not  in 
names  and  dialogue.  Taken  altogether, 
these  accounts  ot  things  seen  and  felt  in 
France  in  war  time  form  an  excellent  anti- 
dote to  the  unfortunate  article  by  Mrs. 
Deland  of  which  we  spoke  some  time  ago. 
Tlie  latter  saw  almost  everything  through  a 
mist  of  gloom  and  of  despair  for  the  future  ; 
Dorothy  Canfield  sees  it  tlirough  the  sun- 
light dt  faith  and  courage.    We  know  of 


Two  things  our  Government  recommends  as  to  war- 
time Christmas  presents: 

1.  That  useless,  wasteful,  knick>knack  stuff  be  not  given  at  all.    (Give 
books.  They  All  every  requirement  of  a  fitting  Christmas  present.) 

2.  That  presents  be  bought  early.    (Our  new  faU  books  are  ready  now. 
They  are  easy  to  buy,  easy  to  keep,  easy  to  send.) 


Lights  on  the  War 


STAKES  OF  THE  WAR 

By  Lothrop  Stoddard  and  Olenn  Frank 
Gives  the  facts  of  tetiitory,  race  and  trade  that 
will  come  up  at  the  peace  table.  JS  maps.  $2 JO. 

THE  FLAME  THAT  IS  FRANCE 
By  Henry  Malherbe 

Won  the  1917  Goncourt  Ptixe  in  Paris.  In  it  the 
spirit  of  France  speaks  from  the  trenches.  flM. 

THE  BOOK  OF  AMERICAN  WARS 

By  Helen  Nicolay 

America's  fighting  record  from  the  birth  of  the 

nation.  JUustmM.  $200. 

THE  BIOLOGY  OF  WAR 

By  O.  F.  Nicolai 

A  profound  analysis  of  war  and  a  terrible  indict- 
ment of  the  German  militairparty  br  the  famous 
refugee  German  professor.  (3 JO. 

AMERICA  IN   THE  WAR 

By  Louis  Raemaekera 

A  picture  panorama  of  history  in  the  making  by 

the  supreme  artistic  genius  developed  by  the  war. 

QuM0.  tSM. 

THE  RED  HEART  OF  RUSSIA 
By  Bessie  Beatty 

The  story  of  the  second,  or  economic,  revolution 
in  Russia,  with  sidelights  on  that  fascinating 
mystery— the  Russian  tiM.n.QXt.xJUtutmUd.  $2w. 

RUMANIA'S  SACRIFICE 
By  Senator  Oogu  Negulesco 
Why  Rumania  entered  the  war  and  why  she  col- 
lapsed so  suddenly,  «ith  a  general   account  of 
her  entire  history  by  a  member  of  the  Rumanian 
Parliament.  lUmtmUd.  tlJO. 


Out  Best  Fiction 

THE  BOOMERANG 

By  David  Gray 

All  the  laughter,  brilliance  and  gayety  of  the 

play  put  into  a  novel.  lllmtmUd.  fl.40. 

THE  GOLDEN   BIRD 
By  Maria  Thompson  Daviess 

A  joyous  love  story  set  in  Harpeth  Valley,  in 
Tennessee.  IHuttmUd.  $1S5. 

MISS   MINK'S  SOLDIER 

By  Alice  Hegan  Rice 

A  new  book  of  stories  by  the  author  of  "  Mrs. 

Wiggs  of  the  Cabbage  Patch."  Fnmiispitce.  $125. 

MAGGIE  OF  VIRGINSBURG 

By  Helen  R.  Martin 

A  new  Pennsylvania  Dutch  novel  by  the  author 

of  •'  Tillie :  A  Mennonite  Maid."  lUustnUtd.  $1.40. 

Give  to  Boys  and  Girls 

THE   BROWNIES  AND   PRINCE 
FLORIMEL 

By  Palmer  Cox 

A  brand  new  Brownie  book  with  over  200  of  the 
author-artist's  comical  pictures.  $1J0. 

OUR   HUMBLE  HELPERS 

By  Jean-Henri  Fabre 

The  great  scientist's  fascinating  nature  book 

about  our  animal  helpers — dogs,  horses,  cats, 

chickens,  etc.  JlluttmUd.  $2M. 

LOST  ISLAND 

By  Ralph  Henry  Barbour  and  H.  P.  Holt 

A  story  of  seafaring  adventures  and  a  lost  ship 
laden  with  metals  more  precious  than  gold. 
lUuttruUd.  $1JS. 


At  all  bookstores 
PublishMi  by 


THE  CENTURY  CO. 


(A 


353  Fourth  Avanns 
New  York  City 

eomphte  cattdog  of  our  book*  aenf  on  raquMt) 


no  better  book  to  show  doubters,  if  doubt- 
ers there  are  now,  what  a  splendid  strength- 
ening of  character  and  purpose  has  come 
about  in  France,  and  how  cheerful,  as  well 
as  determined,  the  French  people  are.  We 
are  proud  tliat  The  Outlook  had  the  pleas- 
ure of  first  publishing  two  of  the  articles 
here  included. 

Italy's  Great  War  and  Her  National  Aspi- 
rations.   By  Mario  Albert!,  General  Carlo 
Coni,  Armando  Hodnig,  Tomaao  Sillani,  :At- 
tilio  Tamsro,  and  Ettore  Tolomei.    Introduc- 
tion by  H.  Nelson  Oay.  lllnatrated.  Houghton 
Mifflin  Company,  Barton. 
The  value  of  this  book  is  heightened  by 
Mr.  Gay's  introductory  chapter.    The  vol- 
ume as  a  whole  is  a  well-intormed  answer 
to  those   who  still  do  not  understand  why 
in  1914  the  German  horrors  in  Belgium 
created  a  deeper  impression  on  Italy  than 
on  any  of  the  tlien  other  neutral  peoples  in 
Europe,  or  who  do  not  yet  sympathize  with 


Italy's  irritation  that  there  should  be  any 
Italians  under  Austrian  rule. 

Kaiser  as  I  Know  Him  (The).  By  Arthur  N. 
Davis.  Illustrated.  Harper  A  Bratbeis,  New 
York.  S2. 

The  interest  aroused  by  the  announce- 
ment that  Dr.  Davis,  the  German  Em- 
peror's American  dentist,  was  about  to 
publish  his  reminiscences  in  a  well-known 
New  York  daily,  succeeding  its  publication 
of  Dr.  Mtlhlon's  disclosures,  became  the 
greater  when  serious  readers  discovered 
that  these  reminiscences  were  not,  as  they 
supposed  they  might  be,  incredibly  sensa- 
tional. There  is  abundant  reason  why  these 
papers  should  be  pubUshed,  as  tliey  now 
are,  in  book  form.  We  would  call  special 
attention  to  Dr.  Davis's  idea  concerning 
the  kind  of  reTolution  which  may  now  arise 
among  the  Grerman  peoples.  It  is  certainly 
different  from  the  kind  of  revolution  whicn 
Digitized  by  y^jyJKJ\LVK^ 


386 


THE   OUTLOOK 


6  November 


Published  by 
HOUGHTON 
MIFFLIN  CO. 


FOR  SALE 


New  Books  S: 


BOOKSTORES 


LIFE  AND  LETTERS  OF 
JOEL  CHANDLER  HARRIS 

By  Julia  Collier  Harris 

"The  aullior  has  achieved  something  like  a  veritable  masterpiece.  It  is  done  with 
exquisite  taste — a  fitting  memorial  of  a  writer  who  gave  much  gladness  to  tlie  world." 
—j\.  Y.  Tribune.  Illustrated.  $3.50  net. 


STEEP  TRAILS 

By  John  Muir 

Some  of  Muir's  best  writing 
is  in  these  vivid  accounts  of 
travel  and  adventure  among 
the  mountains  and  deserts  of 
the  West. 

Illustrated.   $3.00  net. 

THE  DOCTOR   IN 
WAR 

By  Woods  Hutchinson 

The  first  complete  authoritative  and 
non-technical  book  on  the  medical  side 
of  the  war  written  after  a  year  at  the 
front.      Profusely  illustrated.   $2.50  net. 


ONE  OF  THEM 

By  Elizabeth  Hasanovitz 

"Something  of  the  power  of 
the  Russian  writers  who  are 
gripped  by  the  somber  side  of 
life  is  in  this  book.  lti.<!  vivid, 
passionate,  intense  to  the  last 
degree." — The  Outlook. 

S2.00  net. 

FROM  "POILU" 
TO  "YANK  " 

By  William  Yorke  Stevenson 

This  latest  ambulance  book  is  written 

with  all  the  tan^  and  vitality  that  made 

"At  the  Front  in  a  Flivver    so  popular. 

Illustrated.   $1.50  net. 


THE  DEVELOPMENT  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES 

By  Max  Farrand 

"  Professor  Farrand  has  written  a  very  unusual  book  .  .  .  such  as  has  not  hitherto 
appeared  dealing  with  American  history.  .  .  .  This  is  the  first  time  that  there 
has  been  produced  a  balanced  study  of  moderate  length  which  escapes  being  a 
mere  sketch  or  abstract.  ...  A  delightful  book  to  read,  and  a  most  illuminating 
and  instructive  book  to  study." — Theodore  Rooseveil,  in  The  Outlook.       $1.50  net. 


iiniiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiimiiii 


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A  LAST  CHANCE 

On  November  IS  the  Survey 
raises  iU  price  to  $4  a  year 

But  not  only  will  the  »ric«  increase.  The 
value  of  the  Survey  will  keep  on  increasing 
during  the  years  ot  war  and  reconstruction 
when  social  and  industrial  issues  play  so 
lai^e  a  part  in  world  affairs. 

The  Survey  deals  fully  and  expertly  with 
problems  in  tlie  fields  of  labor,  health,  civics, 
relief,  education,  child  w^elfare.  Edward 
T.  Devine,  back  from  France,  has  re- 
joined the  Survey  Staif  as  a  regular  weekly 
contributor.  Dr.  George  M.  Price,  director 
of  the  N.  Y.  Board  of  Sanitary  Control,  is 
now  in  charge  of  the  Survey's  department  on 
public  health.  Special  attention  will  be  given 
to  the  labor  movement  at  home  and  abroad. 

Send  S3  NOW  for 

THE  SURVEY 

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112  East  19th  Street 

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TANDARD 

AND 

RITUAL 


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SONG 


A  combiuation  nerer  Iwfore  equaled.  Board  3.V;.  Cloth  49c. 

_        _.  Write  for  examination  copv. 

The  BIkIow  and  Main  Co.,  New  Vork-ChlcaKo 


f 

Stall's  Books 

1 

HELP  WIN  THE  WAR 

KJO  nation  hu  cvcf  nudr  ttic  Mmc  eiforti  to 
I  \  iurp  ill  ImI'I  clean  and  itrang  aa  AnKriu. 
Suil'a  Boolu  leaali   t>or<  and  mm.  |ul<  and 
women  llial  rifht  kvmg  and  liwikinc  mU  bnw 
Viclocy. 

-WHAT  A  YOUNC  BOY  OOCHT  TO  KWnr- 
-WHAT  A  KtXJNC  MAN  OUCHT  TO  KNOW" 
-WHAI  A  YOUNC  HtMANO  OUGHT  TO  HyOW 
-imAT  A  MAN  Of  «  OlJtHT  TO  KHOV 

-WHAT  A  YOUNC  CIRL  OUCHT  TO  KNOW" 
-WHAT  A  YOUNG  WOMAN  OUCHT  TO  KNOW" 
-WHAT  A  YOUNC  Wirt  OUGHT  TO  KNOW  • 
-WHAT  A  WOMAN-  Of  «1  OUGHT  TO  KNOW" 

•  SapaMaBaak    Phn «IJ« Ntl Eaik IV Cam 
fc.O>    II  1  wh» 

THE  VIR  PUBUSHINC  COMPANY 

THE  LEADING  REVIEWS 
The  Nineteenth  Century  and  After 

TortailirhMi'    K»«i>i>.    rr«n».i.n.>«_-.    T>.-l.„  . ,„g_    SS.OO  {     aiiT    two,    99.SO  t    the 

eriT  R«Tlew,  Edinburgh  Kevlew : 
l.SO;  either  quarterljr,  •4.S0;  the 


FortniKhtlT  Bevlew,   ContemporarT   Revlrw  : 
three.  SlS-sO.    Blackwood'a  Matnwine,  •3.S0 


any  one 

»u>vv.    v<u.vv.     MMMi»^w*vw%nw%M  m   maaiiwsBaaa;,   vo.ov;    Quarterl 

S'»*'L'S"J?J'  »J»"^  ?"«  quarterly,  •7.00;  with  two,  »f  ' 
two,  •8.00.    Canada,  postace  extra. 

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GERMAN 


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AT  ALL  BOOKSELLERS 

THE  BLOT  t^ITe  Newell  Owight 

KAISER'S  'SCUTCHEON  ^,  S^  ™«  of 

the  most  atrikine  works  yet  appearing  on  the 
Great  War.  All  America  should  r«»cl  this 
fii'St-hand  report  of  tlie  powerfully  wrought 
plans  to  loot  the  whole  world— which  nearly 
sncoeeded. 

Dr.   Hillis' 

earlier  work  called  forth 
A  TD  A/^ITf  I7C  the  endorsement  of 
AlftULlll£j    ITjeodore      Koosevelt : 

"  I  wish  every  one  in 
this  nation  conld  hear  this  indictnieDt."  The 
conditions  thus  described  by  an  unimpeach- 
able witness  should  wake  every  man  and 
woman  in  America. 
Two  volumes.  Each  $1.00  net. 

THE  SOUL  ^"P'yj,]^^ 
OF  A  SOLDIER  rtd^'si'hl 

Western  Battle  Front,  is  "Filled  with  the 
love  of  his  soldiers  and  the  deep  sense  of  their 
bravery  and  great  achievement.  Throug;faont 
one  feels  Mr.  Tiplady's  actual  closeness  to  the 
tront,  A  brave  and  human  collection  of 
pictures  from  the  war." — A'^io  York  Timet. 
Net  $1.25. 

m  CROSS  <^-^,^^i 

AT  TIIC  CDAMT  uoouK  the  beat 
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It  pictures  the 
real  soldier  at  the  front— his  heroiara,  his 
sacrifice,  as  few  writers  have  been  able  to 
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IT  HAPPENED  K^^^S 

Ain7D  TIIEDC  Hindenbuig  Line," 
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penneated  with  the 
atmosphere  of  these  thrillingr  heart-searching 
aays.  lUus.  Net  $1.25. 

TAPS    ^'  ^■'^Koi'y  Mantle 

has  written  a  real  soldiers'  book. 
A  Book  for  the  I^ys  in  Khaki.  "To  this 
admirable  book  can  be  given  an  additional 
title — for  not  only  is  it  a  book  for  the  Bora  in 
Khaki,  but  also  for  the  folks  back  home." 

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AT  HIS        Albert  Lee's 

"'     "^  great     tale     of 

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called  forth  the 
adrairatioD  of  Lt.-Oen.  Sir  R.  Baden-Powell, 
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YOUR  FALLEN 
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THE 

COMRADE 

IN 

WfflTE 


Br  W.  H.  lEATHEl 

Dr.    W.    T.    Gnnfell 
isya:    "To  iwwi    this 
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Flauog 
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1918 


THE   OUTLOOK 


387 


The  New  Books  (Continued) 
has  been  prophesied  by  raanv  observers. 
Dr.  Davis  thinks  tliat  the  civil  proletariat 
will  alwavs  be  kept  down  by  the  police, 
but  that  tue  more  newly  made  officers  in 
tlie  armv,  having  had  comparatively  recent 
touch  with  civil  life,  and  now  bitterly  dis- 
illusioned as  to  the  promises  of  victory  in 
this  war  and  sickened  by  some  of  the  6er- 
man  practices,  will  themselves  become  the 
leaders  of  an  inevitable  revolution. 

Right  to  Fight  (Tlie)  :  The  Moral  Oroands 
of  War.  tij  Sherwood  £ddy.  Association 
Ptem,  New  York.  75c. 

The  American  people  do  not  believe  in 
militarism — the  doctrine  that  war  is  a 
biolo^cal,  moral,  and  Christian  necessity. 
They  do  not  believe  in  pacifism — the  doc- 
trine that  to  fight  is  never  right  and  to  fight 
is  never  cowardly.  They  believe  that  the 
present  world  war  against  the  Hun  is  a 
Christian  crusade,  tlut  the  soldiers  are 
doing  Christian  work  and  are  manifesting 
a  Christ  spirit,  that  they  are  officers  of 
justice  and  are  fighting  for  peace.  Ameri- 
cans have  been  led  to  these  convictions, 
not  by  philosophy ,.,but  by  events.  But  it  is 
quite  desirable  that  they  should  be  able  to 
answer  those  who  ask  them  to  give  a  reason 
for  the  faith  that  ia  in  them.  This  Mr. 
Eddy's  little  book  will  enable  them  to 
do.  A  year  and  a  half  ago  it  was  needed 
to  form  the  faith.  To-dav  it  is  needed  to 
interpret  and  justify  a  faitn  already  formed. 
The  author's  summary  of  tlie  events  which 
led  np  to  the  beginning  of  the  war  by  the 
Hon  and  of  the  events  in  the  war  which 
illostrate  the  Hun  spirit  are  fine  specimens 
of  mttUum  in  parvo. 

War  VeUerB  ot  Edmond  Genet.  Edited  by 
Oraoe  Ellery  Churning.  Illnstrated.  Charles 
Seribner's  iSans,  New  York.  $1.S0. 
We  can  fancy  no  more  appealing  war 
book  than  this.  In  it  are  a  boy's  simplicitv, 
ready  enthusiasm  and  exuberance,  rollick- 
ing sense  of  fun  and  humor,  an  instant 
straightforwardness,  and  an  entire  courage. 
And  yet  there  is  also  a  grasp  of  the  causes 
of  the  war  expressed  witn  much  of  a  man's 
mentality.  Edmond  Genet  was  the  so- 
called  "Little  Smiler"  of  the  Lafayette 
Kscadrille.  He  had  been  previously  for  fif- 
teen months  a  private  in  the  French  For- 
eign L^on,  and  before  the  war  began  had 
seen  service  with  our  Navy  at  Vera  Cruz. 
He  was  barely  twenty  when  he  was  killed — 
the  first  American  to  fall  after  our  decla- 
ration of  war.  He  was  the  great-great- 
grandson  of  tlie  first  Minister  ofthe  French 
Republic  to  the  United  States. 

Womra  of  the  War.  By  Barbara  MoLareo. 
With  on  lotrodootion  by  the  Ripht  Hon.  H.  H. 
A«|iiitb,  M.P.  The  George  H.  JDoian  Com- 
pany, New  York.  91.25. 

Yaaka  Are  Coming  (Tbe)  I  By  William  Sla- 
Tena  McMott.  Illuitrated.  The  Pag«  Com- 
pany, Bost«u  tlM. 

WSCKIXANKOOa 
Apple woliMm  of  Klickitat  (The).  By  Anna 
Van  KaiMMlaer  Morria.    Dnffield  &  Co.,  New 
York.  SI. 30. 

The  very  lively  stonr  of  a  woman  who 
goes  to  the  State  of  Washing^n  and  de- 
velops a  quarter-section  of  Government 
land  into  an  orchard. 

Old  D*rs  on  tb«  Farm.  By  A.  C.Wood.  Dloa- 
trated.   Th*  Qeorga  H.  Uwan  Company,  New 
York.  91JI0. 
Oattle  and  crops,  dairying  and  bee-keep- 
ing, and  man^r  other  farm  interests  are 
tooebed  upon  u  this  rather  too-spun-out 
volnrno  or  reminiscencet.    It  is  a  book 
whieh  may  be  taken  np  now  and  Uien  by 
some  other  fiumer — ami  its  matter  is  cer- 
tainlr  worth  while ;  bat  it  himlly  lends 
itself  to  oontiniMd  reading. 


A  LITTLE   ROUGH   STUFF 
FROM   THE    CHAPLAIN 

BY   WILLIAM   B.   AYERS 
Chaplain  in  the  United  States  Navy 

You're  a  funny  little  fellow 
In  your  funny  little  hat 
That  sticks  around  so  cocky 
On  your  head. 

You  swagger  like  a  rough  guy 
Out  a-huntin'  for  a  scrap 
As  on  liberty  you  beat  it 
Like  a  doctor  from  the  dead. 

You  wear  wide  flaring  bi-eeches 
That  hang  around  your  toes. 
And  tighten  at  the  knees 
To  bow  your  legs  ; 
Your  neck  is. framed  and  favored 
With  a  scarf  so  neatly  tied  ; 
You  travel  with  a  sailor's 
Wobbly  pegs. 

You're  a  funny  little  fellow, 

Mr.  Yankee  ^ilor  Man, 

But  all  the  world  u  saying 

You're  a  peach. 

There's  nothing  you  can't  do 

And  nowhere  you  won't  go. 

And  you're  grabbing  all  the  glory 

Withm  reach. 

You've  brought  two  million  men 
To  the  fields  of  sunny  France, 
Andyou've  put  them  safely  down 
On  Europe's  shore. 
You  haven't  asked  for  honor 
And  you  haven't  posed  for  fame, 
And  when  it  wasn't  coming 
You  weren't  sore. 

You're  a  funny  little  fellow 
With  your  funny  little  walk, 
But,  Lord  A'mighty,  oh,  how 
You  can  fight ! 

Oh,  they  couldn't  do  without  you 
And  they  couldn't  win  the  war 
If  yon  didn't  watch  and  labor 
Day  and  night. 

You've  been  doing  the  part  assignee!  you 

In  a  manner  all  your«^vn  ; 

You  haven't  bragged  nor  boasted. 

No,  nor  failed. 

You  grin  at  storms  and  laugh  at  subs 

And  face  death  witli  a.sinile  ; 

You're  the  kind  of  g^y  the  world 

Has  always  hailed. 

You're  a  funny  little  fellow, 
With  your  funny  rough  stuff  talk, 
And  your  cussing  words 
That  make  the  chaplains  pale. 
But  oh,  I  want  to  tell  the  world 
That  you've  got  a  heart  of  gold. 
And  courage  that  in  danger 
WiU  not  faiL 

When  the  g^at  big  story's  written. 
Telling  how  the  war  was  won, 
Tlie  part  the  Gobs  have  played 
Will  stir  and  thrill ; 
These  funny  little  fellows 
With  their  funny  little  kits 
And  their  fiuny  little  ways 
Of  being  ill. 

Our  readers. will  be  interested  in  the  fol- 
lowing extracts  from  a  private  letter  writ- 
ten by  Chaplain  Ayers,  whose  services  in 
welfare  work  on  supply  sliips  and  naval 
bases  in  France  niake  ms  experiences  nota- 
ble: 

"  I  started  over  here  the  first  week  in 
April,  and  it  took  me  four  months  to  get 
here.    Practically  all  of  this  time  we  were 


at  sea,  in  zones  infested  with  subs.  Our 
mail  became  a  pitiful  jumble  in  that  time — 
I  have  a  whole  sack  of  it  that  I  have  not 
had  time  to  open  yet.  We  went  to  one 
place,  and  our  mail  went  to  another  ;  one 
night  at  sea  we  passed  a  ship,  and  learned 
attierward  that  she  had  a  great  quantity  of 
our  mail  aboard  which  we  were  not  des- 
tine<l  to  see  for  many  weeks.  It  is  a  condi- 
tion that  nobody  is  to  blame  for.  Conditions 
are  constantly  subject  to  change  because  of 
the  activity  of  the  enemy.  We  have  to  re- 
member that  we  are  at  war,  and  everything 
else  must  give  way  to  it. 

"  My  destination  was  changed  and  I  was 
sent  to  France.  I  was  put  immediately  to 
work  upon  landing,  and  am  now  engaged 
in  traveling  from  place  to  pktce,  watching 
over  the  welfare  of  the  men,  seeing  that 
everj'thing  is  done  tliat  can  be  reasonably 
done  for  their  happiness  and  comfort.  It  is 
a  g^reat  work — I  tliink,  the  greatest  in  the 
world — and  I  cannot  tell  you  how  thoroughly 
I  enjoy  it.  Never  did  I  have  such  eager 
listeners,  rank  upon  rank  of  men  that 
stretches  off  in  the  most  impressive  way. 
The  message  comes :  '  Will  you  come  to 
suoh  and  such  a  camp  and  preach  ?  You 
will  have  thirty-five  hundred  men  to  talk 
to.'  Or,  *  You  will  liave  two  thousand  men.' 

"  It  is  a  grreat  and  wonderfully  satisfy- 
ing life.  One  hour  I  am  addressing  a  crowd 
of  healthy,  happy  fellows,  a  cheering, 
laughing  throng ;  tlie  very  next  I  am  pass- 
ing down  a  wiutl  where  God's  heroes,  still 
simling,  wave  their  stumps  at  me  trium- 
phantly and  proudly  show  me  their  wounds 
whUe  I  tell  them  that  I  envy  them  the 
chance  to  point  to  something  definite  which 
they  have  done  for  the  cause,  something 
vital  which  they  have  g^ven  for  theircoun- 
try.  And  Uiey  smile  again  and  say,  <  You 
betcha.' 

"  I  am  sending  you  a  little  skit  that  I 
dashed  off  the  otlier  day  while  watchiiu;  a 
crowd  of  sailors  at  play.  The  Admiral 
wanted  me  to  publish  it  when  I  read  it  to 
him  as  a  joke,  so  I  said  I  would  send  it  to 
The  Outlook.  It  is  very  poor,  but  it  may 
please  the  sailors.  [This  refers  to  the  poem 
above  ;  the  title  is  the  author's.] 

"I  have  just  returned  from  a  military 
funeral,  the  most  solemn  thing  that  one 
could  imagine.  The  service  was  held  in  an 
old  Catholic  monastery,  CatlioUc  and  Prot- 
estant lying  together  under  the  kindly  folds 
of  the  all-protecting  flag,  tlie  fragrance  of 
beautiful  'flowers,  which  the  French  never 
forget  to  bring,,  rising  as  sweetly  from  one 
as  uie  other,  riien  Sie  march  between  the 
ranks  of  uniformed  men,  with  rifles  at 
*  present  arms,''  to  the  solemn  strains  of  a 
great  band,  tlie  quiet  service  at  the  grave, 
Uie  careftd  lowering  of  the  bodies  into  the 
soil  which  is  becommg  consecrated  for  so 
many  motliers  and  sisters  and  wives  and 
lovers,,  and  baptized  by  streams  of  willing 
sacrifice.  Though  I  am  going  that  way  so 
often,  it  never  Becomes  easy ;  always  the 
same  lump  comes  into  my  tliroat  as  I  think 
of  tliat  home  so  far  away  where  some  one 
watches  and  waits  for  tidings." 

-GOING   WEST" 

This  poem  was  sent  from  a  soldier  husband  to 
his  wife  at  home. — ^TuJt  EoiToiis. 

'By,  old  wife,  you're  a  good  old  scout  1 

'By,  old  life,  it's  a  fine  road  out  I 

'By,  my  children  I   Hearts  are  mended ; 

Love's  not  killed  when  life  is  ended. 

Love  triumphant,  love  immortal. 

Wins  hack  tlirough  death's  cloudy  portaL 

S'aKPUEN  J.   HUHEHTON.      | 

Digitized  by  Va^^OQlC 


388 


THE  OUTLOOK 


6  NoTeolxT 


THE    NATION'S 

INDUSTRIAL 

PROGRESS 

BelieTUipf  that  the  adTanoe  of  busmen  is  a  subject 
of  vital  interest  and  importanoe.  The  Outlook  will 
present  under  the  above  heading  frequent  dia- 
onssions  of  subjects  of  industrial  and  commercial 
interest.  This  department  will  include  paranaphs 
of  timely  interest  and  articles  of  eduoabonalT^ue 
dealing  with  the  industrial  upbuilding  of  the 
Nation.    Comment  and    suggestions  are  invited. 

MOTOR  TRUCKS   AID 
SHIPYARD    CON- 
STRUCTION 

MORE  Tons,  Less  Huns,"  is  the 
motto  of  the  new  Virginia  Ship- 
Building'  Corporation,  a  United 
States  tiovemment  sliipyard  re- 
cently completed  on  the  Potomac  River  at 
Alexandria,  Virginia. 

But  before  the  corporation  coold  start 
producing  "  More  Tons "  for  the  purpose 
of  helping  to  crush  the  Huns,  forty-nine 
acres  of  swamp  land  had  to  be  converted 
into  a  modem  shipyard  with  offices,  ware- 
houses, and  commissary  buildings,  ship- 
ways,  machinery,  workmen,  and  equipment 
for  building  ships,  and  more  ships,  m  the 
shortest  possible  time. 

Filling  in  the  swamp  and  bnildin?  and 
equipping  the  yard  almost  "  overnight  " 
was  not  an  impossible  task  if  skilled  work- 
men could  be  procured  to  do  the  work  and 
the  necessary  construction  materials  and 
supplies  delivered  on  the  job.  Two  thou- 
sand workmen  were  required  to  keep  the 
work  progressing  and  to  complete  the  yard 
on  schedule.  Houses  had  to  be  provided  for 
the  men  and  their  families,  and  a  canvass  of 
the  city  showed  that  tliis  problem  was  prob- 
ably more  serious  than  any  of  the  others. 

Alexandria  stiU  retained  its  colonial 
aspect.  Its  housing  facilities  hadn't  changed 
much  since  General  Braddock  and  his  staff 
visited  the  old  Carlyle  mansion,  where  his 
disastrous  campaign  against  the  Indians 
was  planned.  The  old  mansion  which  stood 
near  the  center  of  the  town  overlooking 
the  Potomac  was  stiU  well  preserved. 
The  General's  bedroom,  the  old  furniture, 
clock,  ^un,  powder  pouches,  and  other 
relics  still  remained  for  the  ediAcation  of 
visitors.  The  prison  cells  in  the  base- 
ment— daxk  as  dungeons,  and  connected 
with  the  river  by  undergrround  tunnels — 


VIROnnA  saiF-BUILDINO  CORPORATION  JI.BET 


which  were  used  to  punish  the  Indians, 
could  be  inspected  in  the  old  fort.  The 
houses  in  the  town  accommodated  the  lim- 
ited population  which  resided  there,  and 
noboay  entertained  a  thought  of  having  the 
city  directory  doubled  in  size  in  a  few 
weeks'  time. 

But  this  is  just  what  happened  when  the 
Virginia  plant  located  there.  The  officials 
of  the  corporation,  in  addition  to  construct- 
ing the  slupyard,  had  to  build  a  miniature 
city  for  thefr  workmen. 

With  a  few  hundred  workmen  on  the  job, 
the  actual  work  of  building  the  shipyard 
was  started  on  January  10.  The  plans 
called  for  the  erection  of  four  ways,  and 
the  corporation  was  awarded  a  contract 
for  building  twelve  steel  ships,  each  having 
a  capacity  of  9,400  tons.  Great  progress 
was  made,  and  on  Decoration  Day  Presi- 
dent Wilson  and  other  Grovemment  officials 
from  Washington  celebrated  the  laying  of 
the  keel  for  the  first  ship. 

Shipping  materiab  to  Alexandria  by 
railway  was  almost  out  of  the  ques- 
tion. So  M.  S.  Yost,  superintendent  of 
transportation,  purchased  two  5-ton  tracks 
and  one  3-ton  truck,  which  were  delivered 
early  in  February.  A  few  months  later 
the  trucks  had  proved  so  superior  to  other 
transportation  and  so  efficient  and  depend- 
able in  the  high-pressure  operation  to 
which  they  had  been  assigned  that  the 
corporation  added  two  a^litional  3-ton 
trucks  to  their  fleet. 


Mr.  Yost  summarized  the  work  of  tbe 
trucks  as  follows : 

Hauled  thooaanda  of  tons  of  <anders  vhidi 
were  required  to  raise  the  yard^-oovering  f oit;^ 
nine  acre* — two  feet. 

Hauled  1,400,000  bricks  used  in  boildiit; 
foundations  for  200  workmen's  homes  built  >t 
Roaemont,  a  short  distance  from  Alexandria. 

Hanled  sand,  giavel,  cement,  oonorete  naan, 
and  tools  for  building  new  macadam  raadi  is 
the  yards  and  from  the  yards  to  the  town. 

Hauled  all  the  brick,  sand,  gravel,  cement, 
machinery,  and  over  fifty  per  cent  of  tlx 
lumber  used  in  the  construction  of  oAoe  build- 
ings, stagings,  power  plants,  commissary  win- 
houses,  garages,  hospitalii,  in  the  yard. 

Hauled  miles  of  sewer  pipe,  water  pipe, 
steam  pipe,  and  conduit  pipe  for  the  yard, 

Hanled  two  giant  tanks  from  Baltimcre,  a& 
tanoe  of  fifty  miles,  by  the  aid  of  a  semi-tnilac. 

Two  or  three  days  a  week  two  or  man  <i 
the  trucks  make  trips  to  Baltimore  and  Wsdi- 
ington. 

For  several  mooths  the  tracks  wodced  (bf 
and  night. 

CLKVBIjUn)  8HIPTARD 

The  American  Ship-Building  Gompanj, 
of  Cleveland,  the  largest  concern  of  its  kiod 
on  the  Great  Lakes,  is  operating  a  fleet  of 
trucks  in  inter-city  freight  service  for 
speeding  up  the  delivery  of  important  IIlat^ 
rials  between  one  of  its  large  plants  located 
in  Cleveland  and  another  in  Lorain,  a  di^ 
tance  of  twenty-six  miles. 

The  trucks  leave  Cleveland  every  man- 
ing  with  castings  for  the  Lorain  plant,  ui 
return  the  same  day  with  f orgii^  for  tb 


CABBrmO  6-TON  LOADS 


TRUCKS  CARRYING  SHIP  CASTINOS 

Digitized  by 


IHIP  CASTINOS   T  j 

google        1 


i918 

JUbtor  Trudu  Aid  Shipi/ard  Comtmctim  (Continued) 
Clereland  plant.  They  are  in  continuons 
high-pre8snre|operaUon  ten  honrt  every  day. 
The  ability  of  the  trucks  to  meet  trans- 
portation emei^encies  was  recently  demon- 
strated in  haaling  a  15-inch  channel  iron 
which  measured  over  fifty  feet  in  length, 
and  also  a  main  engine  bed-plate,  from 
Cleveland  to  Lorain  in  six  hours.  The 
same  shipment  by  freight  would  have  re- 
quired eight  to  ten  days,  entailing  a  loss  of 
time  which  would  have  greatly  mterfered 
with  the  progress  of  important  war  work. 

TRANSPORTIlfG  WORKMKlf 

When  the  American-International  Ship- 
Boilding  Corporation  commenced  the  con- 
Btmction  of  the  monster  ship-building  yard 
at  Hog  Island,  Philadelphia,  the  transport- 
ing ofworkmen  to  the  site  of  the  new  plant, 
wmch  is  some  distance  from  the  citv,  was 
a  serious  problem.  There  was  no  electric 
railway  service  available,  and  the  task  of 
transporting  the  thousands  -  of  workmen 
devolved  in  large  part  upon  motor  buses. 
One  of  the  pioneers  to  enter  the  Hog  Island 
transportation  field  was  J.  J.  Sweeney,  of 
Darby,  Pennsylvania,  who  installed  a  fleet 
of  TVliite  trucks.  Throughout  the  winter 
these  buses  carried  many  thousands  of 
workers  to  and  from  the  country's  largest 
ship-building  plant.  A  portion  of  the  road 
was  in  a  deplorable  condition  the  greater 
part  of  the  winter,  the  buses  frequently  being 


TQE   OUTLOOK 


389 


HAnUHO  LUHBER  FOR  BHIPTARD 


required  to  poU  through  deep  mad.  These 
boaes  did  not  biter  dunng  tlie  severe  winter, 
nor  fail  to  deliver  the  workers  on  time. 

As  in  the  case  of  the  American-Interna- 
tional Ship-Building  Corporation,  exi- 
^ncies  of  war  frequendy  call  for  the  solving 
of  nniunal  problems.  Obstacles  capable  of 
halting  the  war  god  are  indeed  few,  and  just 
as  the  motor  buses  opened  the  way  for  the 
Hog  Island  ship-builders  to  construct  their 
enormooa  plant,  so  are  trucks  making  it  pos- 
sible for  the  Ball  Grain  Explosives  Company 
to  keep  their  plant  working  at  capacity  by 
affording  a  full  quota  of  workmen. 

Tlie  &11  Grain  Explosives  Company  has 
a  plant  located  at  Granogue,  ten  miles  from 
AA  ilmington,  Delaware.  Many  of  the  work- 
men reside  in  Wilmington.  To  transport  this 
contingent  the  company  recently  placed  in 
Kerviee  aa  unusually  large  motor  bus.  The 
body  ia  mounted  on  a  five-ton  chassis  and 
«rill  seat  sixty  persons  comfortably.  It  is 
sixteen  feet  long  and  eight  feet  wide.  There 
are  two  rwws  of  seats  on  the  sides,  with  two 
rcnra,  back  to  back,  in  the  center.  It  is 
bcMitifally  famished  and  upholstered,  and 
Bxnee  being  placed  in  operation  has  elimi- 
mMtod.  eompletelr  the  difficulty  which  for 
manv'  weeks  baa  been  a  serious  question 
for  toe  oompany's  officials.  The  big  bns  is 
Ki0pt  in  service  day  and  night,  four  shifts 
fl  drivers  being  employed  for  its  operation. 

Data  and  pftalographM  by  courtesy  qf  the  Wnite 
Company,  Cleveland,  Ohta, 


Hinds:££reani 


A  soothing,  refining  cream  that  by  daily  use  prevents  any 
tendency  to  roughness  or  irritation.  An  invigorating  cream 
that  tones  and  freshens  and  protects  the  complexion  from 
injury  by  dusl^  winds  or  chilly  atmosphere.     A  cream  that 
softens  the  skin  to  a  velvety  texture.  And  withal  a  cream 
so  simple  to  apply,  so  sure  in  its  improving  results  that  it 
readily  becomes  the  favored  complexion  cream  of  all  who 
try  it.    Write  today  for  a  sample,  or  buy  of  your  dealer. 

SAMPLES:     Be  sure  to  enclose  stamps  with  your   request. 
Hinds  Honey  and  Almond  Cream  2c.      Both  Cold  and  Dis- 
appearing Cream  4c.    Talcum  2c.   Trial  Caf^e  Soap  8c.    Sample 
Face  Powder  2c.,  Trial  Size  15 c.   Attractive  Week-end  Box  39c. 

Hinds  Cream  Toilet  Necewties  are  selliog  eversrwhere* 
or  will  be  mailed,  postpaid  in  U.  S.  A.,  from  Laboratory. 

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ment for  Whooping- 
Con^hp  Spasmodic 
Croup»  Cold*,  Ca- 
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Established  1S79  chltU,  CoUghs. 

simple,  nfie  sod  effective,  avoiding  Internal  drun. 

Vaporized  Cretolene  relieves  the  paroxysms  of  whooplilir* 
Couqh  and  Spasmodic  Croup  at  odc*;  It  nipt  the  cocamon  cold 
tiefore  it  has  «  chance  to  develop  lots  something:  worse,  and 
experience  shows  that  a  tuj^Ucttd  t9tdU  a  dangeroHM  caid. 

Mrs.  Ballin^toa  Booth  says:   ** N*  family,  whers  (hsrs 


myMum  cklUrsB.  sheald  bs  wltbont  Iklk  lai 

The  air  carrving 
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ying  the  antiseptic  vapor.  Inhaled  wMi  every 


assuriDK  restful  nightf. 

It  b  called  a  boon  by  Asthma  sufferers. 

For  the  bronchial  complications  of  Scarlet  Fever  and  Mea* 
slcs,  and  as  an  aid  In  the  treatment  of  Diphtheria,  Crcsoleoe 
Is  valuable  on  account  of  its  powerful  i^ermlddal  qualities. 

11  is  a  prelsellan  to  llMse  si^ssd. 

Cresolenc's  best  recommendation  Is  Its  39  jcftrs  of  success- 
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^  by  Bouie  chronic  ailment.                                          ^ 

s  It's  worth  everything  in  the  world  toyon  toget    ^ 

a  rid  of  such  conditiona.  Good  health  will  ihmUf,     ^ 

^  /r^/V/^and  qiuulnijiif  your  iiaefuhiesa— and  your     s 

^  enjoyment  of  life.   And  you  can  get  good  heatth     g 

^  in  much  leus  time,  at  much  leaa  coat  and  with     s 

^  much  less  effort  than  you  think.                              ^ 

=  Ijet  me  prove  that  statement.  Let  me  tell  you,     ^ 

^  witiiout  cost  or  obligation,  how  I  have  auccesft-    s 

=  fully  treate<i  over  S.i.iHXi  rettned  women  ;  how  I     ^ 

s  have  BiXH'ializ«i  in  this  work  for  16  years  ;  howl    ^ 

^  have  won  the  resitfct  and  approval  of  leading 

^  physicians,  of  prominent  men  and  women  lu  all 

=  walks  of  life;  iiow  I  do  my 

^  work  without  medicine   or 

^  drugs ;  how  I  build  up  thin 

^  women;  howl  reduce  Heslky 

s  women  ;  how  I  help  women 

=  oveiTome    tlie    moat    stub- 

=  hoTM  ailments;  how  I  lieli> 

.  M  ^  t*roen    perfect   their   fig- 

'  =  ures ;  how  all  this  is  done 

=  in  your  home— just  a  few 

5  minutes'    ple^asaut    work 

M  each  day.   I  will  be  very 

^  glad  to  tell  you  without  , 

s  charge  how  tnis  is  done. 

s  Write  me  p^rsonn/hj  and 

S  conjiilfutially.   I  will  an- 

3  swer  your  letter  in  the 

M  same  spirit.    In  addition, 

=  1  will  send  you  fiuwirnU 

^  of   magazine    and    newB- 

=  paper   articles    regarding 

^  tlie  succew  of  my  work. 

I  Susanna  Cocrof t  v< 

m  l>ei>t.  8 

^  (24    So.    Mickiran    Arcnae 

^  Chicago,  Ul. 


Only" 


00 


•oOdOoid 
Yes,  mftll  ot  only  11.  and 

««  will  lend  you  prt'paid 


Down 


Whao  It  vnzDf*  morriy  dapovlt 
93.76  with  lh4  i)<:»tm>n  &n<l 
timwcarthcrmir  lufulldar" 
CrAA  Trial  If  you  or  any  ol 

can  ton  it  from  ■  dtamOfid  Mijd  *t  back  and  all  vour 
ruon«r  will  ba  tvturnMJ  at  one*.  But  (f  jrou  kaap  it  MiM  aa 
(2.60  a  montii  antll  I18.7&  baa  b««D  paid. 
ll7-.:i»T.n.Jn.>  Send  tl  today  and  tell  us  which  of  the 
TVnie  lOaay  two  An^  inustniled  above  (l».li«' 
or  nirn\)  >  oti  wish.  ■«  sara  ta  n«4  Hm  sIm  iI  faar  bitar. 
H^nM  lacfenaaCa.  Depl.^37,  13  N.  Michigan  Ave..  Chicago. 


WhaflS'.ltYim'^ 


muMHMmlwr  0/  eMItmanomj    ItiMtorp  It  bHmg 
tmaOa  at  thH  worW  caphai.    Thm  Fiathlhid€r'$ 
llbiMtmitd  tMmktjf  iwmltw  ghtn  ifom  a  tiitar,  bm* 
powtkti  and  correct  dbtgnotta  of  ^ubUe  aAilr* 


ThaBtd«matMro(  X9m  laatemp«orco4a  wlDbriD(jrouthoVFiMlited«r  t9 
weeksoatilaL  ThoPatlitfiHloffUaBaiottRladwoeUr.pubUtliodftttheNatkM^ 
ceatarloTtheNaUoDia  paper  that  print*  all  th«  b«wi  el  tbo  worid  and  telUtlw 
tnitbaodonlirth*uuth|  nowlslti  SMhyear.  Thii  pap«r  fins  the  bniwtthotit 
emptrlncUMpnnoiltcoanbutSl  a  real.  Ilrou  wantto  keep  potted  on  what 
la  ffoln(  oa  la  Cho  worid*  at  tb«  least  expemo  ol  tim*  or  noser,  this  la  root 
means,    tf  rou  want  a  papai  In  fwxt  bomo  whk:h  U  slacvr*.  reltablo,  •otMtitn* 


—  ■  '.T   — — _Tr'7';~— ■    -fr~"    '"T^'IK   "■f: 1  means.    II  rou  want  a  papai  In  vour  bomo  whk:h  U  slncvr*.  reltablo,  oMMtitn* 

■r.  wholesome,  the  Path6ader  Is  yours.  If  jrou  wpul  J  apprecUle  a  paper  which  putnowrfthtey  clearty Jalrlv,  brteSr— bore  It  la.  Beod  !■• 

Digitized  by  VJWVJV  IV^ 


390 


THE   OUTLOOK 


6  Novembs 


THE  OUTLOOK  CLASSIHED  ADVERTISING  SECTION 

AdvertUlntC  Rates :  HoteU  and  Raaorts,  Apartmeote,  Toun  and  Timrel, 
Real  Estate,  Ore  Stock  and  Poultry,  ^ty  oflDta  per  a^t«  line,  four  oolumna  to 
tba  page.  Not  leas  than  four  linn  accepted.  In  calculating  ipace  required  for  an 
advertiiement,  count  an  average  of  mx  worda  to  the  line  unleM  display  type  la  deured. 

**  Want  "  advertiaementai  under  the  vmrioua  beadtnn,  "  Board  and  Rooms."  "  Help 
Wanted,''  etc.,  ten  oenu  for  each  word  or  Initial,  Inciudlng  the  addrefi,  .or  eacn 
insertion.  The  first  word  of  eadi  "  Want "  advertisement  is  set  fn  capital  letters 
without  additional  charge.  Other  words  may  be  set  in  capitals,  if  deairea,  at  double 
rutea.  If  answer^  are  to  be  addressed  in  care  of  The  Ontlook.  twenty-five  Cents  \m 
charged  for  the  bOK  number  named  in  the  adrertisement.  Replies  will  be  forwarded  by 
us  to  the  advertiser  and  bill  for  postage  rendered.  Special  headings  appropriate  to  the 
departmeDt  may  be  arranged  for  on  application. 

Orders  and  copy  for  Classified  Advertisements  must  be  received  with  remittaaoe  ten 
davB  before  the  date  on  which  it  ts  intended  the  advertisement  shall  first  appear, 

*Addr««:   ADVERTISING  DEPARTMENT,   THE  OUTLOOK 
381  FOURTH  AVENUE,  NEW  YORK  CITY 


Hotels  and  Resorts 


OALIPORN  I  A 


San  Ysidro  Ranch 

Bannknn  o(  nulooi  alns  litiutad  on  the 


foothilb  ■Hums  onage  gtcvMi  overlookjiic 
the  aeau  Centnu  dinlnK-rooiii.  electric  llarhti, 
hot  and  cold  water.  Biz  mlles.f  toni  S>nt> 


Barbum,  two  milw  from  ocean.  Booklet.  Ad- 
dr«M  Mrs.  HARLKIOH  JOHNSTON,  Ban 
Yridro  Hancfa.  Santa  Bartaia.  CaMomla. 

FLORIDA 


BRETTON  INN 

OmMmd  Beach,  Fla. 

Opens  Deeetnber  ith. 

Golf.  Good  Roads. 

Batlking.   '  Orange  Groyes. 

Fiul  and  Food  in  Plenty. 

Jahbs  p.  Vining,  Mgr. 

MA8  8AOHU8ETT8 


HOTEL  PURJTAN 

CoaaenwcaRh  itn,  Doston 


If  Yob  Art  Tired  or  Not  Fcdni(  WeU 

you  caimot  find  a  mon  comfortable  place  in 

New  Knglaiid  tlian 

THE  WELDON  HOTEL 

OBEBMFISI.D,  MASS. 

It  afforda  all  the  oomtorta  of  home  without 
extravisauce. 


PILGRIM  INN 

WUIIamstown,  Ma*sa«hiuett« 
In  the  Berkshlrea 

Wanted— A  limited  number  of  gueat*  who  are 
aeeidng  a  homelike  plaoe.  quiet  and  reatfuL 

NORTH    CAROLINA 


NORTH  CAROLINA 

'welooueaita  many  friends  thia  aeaaon  with 
a  Tart  Mi  and  unuaually  intereetinK  achedole 
of  apotta  and  peatimiia<  beginning  with  the 

OpcniBf  of  CAROLINA  HOTEL 
Informtllr  Not.  lOlb— ForaallTNoT.ZOdi 

COLF-TKAP  SHOOTING-IUaNG 
KIOING  -  DRIVING  -  MOTORING  -  TCNNIS 

Delightful   weather  for   November  and 
Deoembei^like  late  Fall  hi  New  Eugtand. 
For  ReJtervatimu  or  In/ormalion  addrcu  : 
GaaanI  Oifica,   Plaakatlt,  Horik  CaraBna,  or 
UONARD  TUm.  2<2  Caafioi  St. 


NEW    YORK    PITY 

Hotel  Le  Marquis 

31«t  Street  &  Fifth  Avenue 
New  York 

OomUnaa  every  oonTenieaoa  and  home 
comfort,  and  oommenda  itaeU  to  people  of 
refinement  wiahing  to  live  on  AoMncan  Plan 
and  be  within  aaay  reach  a(  aodal  and  dia- 
natlc  oentera. 

Boom  and  bath  $iM  per  day  with  meala,  or 
$2.90  per  day  without  meaia. 

Illuatmted  Booklet  gladly  aent  upon 
requaet.  JOHN  P.  TOLSOSL 


Hotels  and  Resorts 


NEW    YORK   CITY 

BOTEL  JUDSON  "^J'f^Sl",?- 

■dJoiDinc  JndMm  Memorial  Churob.  Room* 
with  Mid  without  bath.  Rmm  MM  p^rdar, 
bicludlog  maalt.  Bpeehil  ntm  tor  two  WMXt 
or  tDor«.  LocAtioo  very  caotnl.  Conrenimt 
to  all  eleratad  aiid  strMt  car  linaa. 


SOUTH    CAROLINA 


Greenacre  Farm 

AIKBN,  S.  G. 

Can  aooommodate  ciieata  who  wish  to  rwt 
and  Hve  outdoon  in  the  Ideal  winter  climate 
of  the  hish  pba^  and  aand  country.  Excellent 
food  and  care.  FnmJihed  Bungalowa. 


Health  Resorts 


Sanford    Hall,    est.   1841 

Private  Hospital 
For  Mental  and  Nervoai  Diteacei 

Comfortable,  homelike  nirroiind- 
mgt ;  modem  methods  of  treatment ; 
competent  nunea.  15  acre*  of  lawn, 
park,  flovrer  and  vegetable  eardeoB. 
Food  the  beet.  Write  for  boolcUl. 
Sanford  Hall  nuahing  New  York 


Crest  View   Sanatorium 

Oreenwloh,  Ot.  Firat-ckuahiallreapecta, 
home  comforta.       H.  M.  HncMCOOS,  H.D. 


M 


INTERPINES' 


Beautiful,  quiet,  reitful  and  homelike.  Over 
38  yean  of  aucoeHful  work.  Diorough,  re- 
liable, dependable  and  ethical.  Ererr  com- 
fort and  oonreoieDoe.  Accommodationa  of 
anperior  quaUty .  Disorder  of  the  nerrous  sy s* 
torn  a  specialty.  Fred.  W.  SewArd,  8r..  H.I)., 
Fred.  w.  Beward.  Jr..  M.D..  Ooslien.  N.  Y. 


UNDEN|Tw«jjiPig.h;^skk 

OerltatewB,  Pa.  U„  Inatltution  deToted  to 


An  inatltution  devoted  to 
the  penonal  atudr  and  apecialiied  treai- 

Seutottheinralia.  Maaaage,  Electricity, 
ydrotherapy.     Apply  for  circular  to 
Ronar  urniioorr  WALTan.  M.D. 
(late  of  The  Walter  Bauitariuml 


Dr.  Reeves'  Sanitarium 

A  Prirate  Home  lor  chronic  nervoua,  and 
mental  jiatienta.  AlaoekterlypiBopleteQuirtnK 
pare.  Harriet  K.  Reetea,  M.D..  Melroae,  Maaa. 


Real  Estate 


CALIFORNIA 


BOYS'  SCHOOL  io  California  FOR  SALE 

Accommodateathirty-flTe  boarders.  Field  for 
dayatudenta.  Ample  grounds.  9,167,  Outlook. 


COHHECTIOUT 

RDinr  nniKF  lO  rooma,  good  cellar,  hnge 
DRIIA  nUUaC  attic,  dhlmney  connection 
for  erery  room,  open  fireplace,  barn,  garage, 
3  chicken  houses,  fruit  trees,  4  acrea  land, 
town  of  2,000  inhabitanta,  no  manufacturing. 
Price  $i,m.    Box  M,  No.  Woodbury,  Conn. 


FLORIDA 


CTnnJa  FOR  RENT  OR  SALE. 
rionOB  2  completely  fumiahed  cottagea. 
Oarage,  dock,  Indian  River  frontage.  S3AO-819U 
Flahing.   Blaib,  Cocoa.  Fla.   Box  82. 


ILLINOIS 


FUR    SALE 

Home  and  One  Acre  of  Ground 

In  email  city.   O.  A.  Toviis,  Carterrille,  Ilia. 


Real  Estate 


MABSAOHUSeTTe   , 

17— _  D— _|.  Furnished  conntrr  house, 
ror  Kent  beautttully  situated  on  eli^ 
acres  of  woodhuid.  Ten  rooms  and  three 
bathrooma.  Stocked  with  coal  and  wood  for 
winter.  Bam  aultable  for  garage.  Reaaon- 
able  rental.  Box  206,  Eaat  Northaeld,  Maaa. 


NEW    HAMPSHIRE 

FOR  SALE 

A  SUCCESSFUL  CAMP 
FOR  BOYS 

Beantifnlly  located  on  well-known 
New  Barapehire  lake.  Complete  eqnip- 
ment.  Price  moderate.  2,744,  Ontlook, 

NEW    YORK 

MONEY -MAKING  FARMS— 

17  BTATEB— $10  to  S200  acre.  Stock,  toola, 
crops  often  included  to  settle  quickly.  Write 
for  Ug  Illustrated  catalogue.  STROUT 
FARU  AOENCr.  Dept.  %m  New  York. 


Apartments 


Lady  Having  An  Attractive  Apartment 

deeirea  to  rent  one  fumiahed  rtxnn,  adjoin, 
ing  bath,  to  a  lady  of  refinement  who  will 

apprecia^.*   ^'tmnta''     nvlvlljMFn.        Rafarar 

Addreea 


appreciate  "home"  privileges.    Referencea. 
E.  B.,  417  Weat  U«h  St.,  N.  Y.  City. 


CHRISTMAS    OIFTS 

COPLEY  CRAFT  CHRISTMAS  CARDS. 
HandH!Ok>ted,  with  specially  appr«mriate 
Tersea,  aent  on  approval.  Consignments  for 
sales.  Discounts  to  those  eelling  among  friends. 
Jessie  A.  McNicol,  U  Huntington  Ave.,  Boe- 


ton. 


HELP  WANTED 


Oompanlona  aad  Domeatio  Halpera 

SUPERIMTEiraiENTS,  ascretariea,  gor- 
emeaaaa,matrona,dletltiaiia,  motheis'  helpera, 
oompanlona,  etc.  The  Wilton  Exchange,  Box 
no,  StTjoaeph.  Michigan. 

WANTED— Toong  woman  of  character  and 
reflnemeot  aa  mother*a  helper.  Child  of  two. 
Oretsight  of  older  chiMren.  Chriatian  home. 
Kxpenspce  not  nsoesaary.  6,SS4,  Outlook. 

WANTED  —  Refined,  capable,  cheerfnl 
mother'a  helper  for  three  amall  children  in 
Waahington  apartment.  References.  6,S46, 
Outk)^ 

MOTHER'S  helper  wanted  for  two  children, 
boy  three  yeara  and  girl  eighteen  montha. 
Aalstance  given.  Country-citT  poeition. 
Oood  sslary.  Answer  by  nail  t»  Mrs.  R. 
Burllngham,  Byoaaet,  Long  lalapd. 

CLUB  housekeeper,  t2,000  year.  Govern- 
esses, nursee,  dietltiana,  companiona,  aecre- 
tariea.  HopUna'  Educational  Agency,  SOT 
Fifth  Ave. 

WANTED— An  American  young  lady  aa 
oompaniOD.helper  in  email  private  family. 
Addieaa,  atating  age  and  particulara,  6,3U, 
Outlook. 

WANTED- Woman  between  M  and  40  to 
look  after  boy  of  aix,  girl  uineyeaia,  6,357, 
Outlook. 

WANTED    at    once,    nflned,   competent 

Graon  aa  companion  for  woman  of  70.  Most 
willing  to  cook  aimple  breakfaat  and  do 
Ught  houaework  iu  amall  apartment  on  Park 
Avenue.  Apply  atj  once.  Box  234,  Bcandale, 

N.  Y.     

WANTED— Tmatworthy  nurae,  two  chil- 
dren, one  6,  one  1>4  yeara.  Country,  forty 
minutea  from  New  York.  Addreaa  Oenenu 
DeUvery,  Box  7,  Scatadale,  N.  Y. 

Taaehera  and  Ooverneaa** 

■  OOVERNESSES,  matrona,  mothers'  help- 
era,  cafeteria  manager*,  dietltiana.  Miaa 
Richarda,  537  Howard  Building,  Providence. 


Boston.  16  Jackaon  Hall,  frluity  Court, 
Thuradaya,  11  to  1. 

WANTED— Competent  teachera  tor  public 
and  private  achoola  and  collegsa.  Bend  for  bill, 
letln.  Albany  Taaehera'  Agency,  Albany,  N.T. 

TEACHERS  deairing  achool  or  college 
positiona  apply  International  Musical  and 
Educational  Agency,  Carnegie  Hall.  N.  Y. 


SITUATIONS    WANTED 


Bualneaa  Situatlona 
SUPERINTENDENT.  -  Capable  middle- 
aged  man  with  ten  years'  aucceeaful  experi- 
ence aa  auperintendent  of  growing  inantu- 
tion  deairea  aimilar  pcaition.  An  adequate 
aalary.  including  living  for  man  and  wife. 
6,190,  Outlook. 

ENOUSHWOMAN,  refined,  educated,  hus- 
band phyaician  in  France,  aeeka  afternoon 
engagement  doctor'a  office  or  aecretary-com- 
nanion  to  elderly  lady.  Good  reader,  offera 
French,  Italian,  amall  typewriter.  WilHng  to 
travel.  Referencea.  6,964,  Outlook. 

Companiona  aad  Domeatic  Helpera 

LADY,  a  Virginian,  wiahee  position  aa  com- 
paniou-^ovenieaB  or  chajwron  in  refined 
Chriatiaii  home  of  meana,  preferably  in  the 
South,  for  the  winter.  Addreaa  K.,  P.  O.  Box 
U7,  iSaatville.  Va. 

BY  Southern  woman  (Proteatant),  nflned, 
aympathetic,  capable.  ^V  illing  to  live  in  any 
nut  of  country.  Pcaition  aa  companion. 
Elderly  Udy  preferred.  Best  reference.  6,353, 
Outlook. 

COLLEGE  trained,  graduate,  regiatered, 
nurae-coiuiiauion  to  adult  or  child.  Travel, 
tutor.Tubercular  caae  accepted.  6,343,Outlook. 


SITUATIONS   WANTED 

Oompanlona  aaJ  Domeatic  Halpsn 

HOUSEKEEPER  poaitioo  wanted  by  B» 
ton  woman,  reliable^  consdentloaa,  fsaabk 
full  charge.  Not  reatricted  to  Near  Enlaad. 
Highest  referencea.  Mis.  J.  B.  Ball,  walaa 
Masa. 

POSITION  aa  companion  to  ladr  m  hoaa 
keeper  for  elderly  gentleman.  6.344,  Ootloc*. 

HIOULY  educated  lady,  fhie  mmidta. 
linguist,  entertsiner,  deairea  pcaition  aa  cgu. 
panloa  and  aodal  aecretary.  Bistaeat  iHa- 
enoea.  6,342,  Outlook. 

,  YOUNO  woman,  piactioal  nnrae,  gndnu 
dietitian,  deairea  to  go  to  Calitoraia  or  Fkeidi 
in  November  as  nuise,  aeeretaiT.  or  ma- 
panion  to  invalid  lads  or  child.  Doetoi'i  n^ 
ersnoss.  6,351,  Outkiok. 

REFINED,  educated  woman  daauesna. 
non  aa  managing  housekeeper  in  Middh  wml 
Have  bad  auccassful  experience  with  childna 
and  young  people.  6.346,  Outlook. 

MASSACHUSETTS  woman,  exaenUmJIf 
educated,  desires  poaitioo  as  raothet's  hcIpR. 
Family  of  modenta  maaoa  but  rvrihiemrt 
preferred.  Pennsylvania,  Maryland,  or  Vir- 
Kiniapreferred,  or  would  go  Boi^i.  vm. 

SITUATION,  experienced  mother^a  be^. 
6,366,  Outlook. 

GENTLEWOMAN  wants  oositioD  ss  h«B>- 
keeperorcaringforanoMlady.  •.Sie.Oatkicit. 
_  PRIVATE  or  .SOCIAL  SECRET  ART  or 
COMPANION.  Young  woman  or  raansoMK 
and  faltelllgeno^aoeastomedto  moriiiRaaaK 
cttltored  people,  deairea  position  tn  nUiair^ 
phia  as  nivata  or  sodal  Becretnrr  or  an- 
panion.  No  stenognjihy.  6,9^  Ontlook. 

LADT  wishes  to  aceompany  eldnrly  penis 
or  diiUren  to  CaUfoinia  in  retom  Ua  a- 
penses.  6,370,  Outlook. 

LADY  liring  fai  New  Totk  City  wUxa  » 
gagementa  to  read  aloud  or  act  aa  ascrsuij 
or  diapsrob.  References.  6,367,  OntlodL 

Teaehera  and  Oovameaaee 

BROINNEItS  and  more  advanced  pDpihlar 

Erivateclaases  hi  achool  work  will  beaccapud 
y  trabied  tedy  teacher  of  high  ^Uity  nl 
Imig  experience.  Firat-claaa  nsiaraneaa.  (Jb 

COLLEGE  graduate  wiAea  poMen  ■• 
govemeaa  or  companion.  6,365,  Ootloak- 

LADY,  Anglo-Belgian  deaoent,  Ameiicm 
tiafaiing,  EpIaoopaliaB,  aocuatomed  to  M> 
vidua!  tutoring  m  Uteratore,  Latin,  hstaiy, 
would  like  morning  work  with  aingle  lanilar 
group.  6,8!»,  Outlook. 

GOVERNESS,  viaitfaw:  aftersoana.  khal* 
garten,  primary ;  take  cSildraD  to  park,  Aiv- 
eron  girla.  6,368,  Ontlook. 


TEACHERS    WAitTED 


MISCELLANEOUS 

FORDS  START  EAST  IN  COLD 
WEATHER  with  our  new  UU  caitamUn. 
34  milea  per  galkn.  Use  cheapeat  ouoVm  at 
half  keroeene.  Increaaed  power,  stylai  to 
any  motor.  Very  alow  on  hiidi.  A^ttadi  S 
yonraeU .  Big  proflta  to  agenta.  Mcnry  h^ 
Kuanuitee.  30  daya'  trial.  Ali^Frictiaa  Cu- 
bnietor  Co.,  340  Hadiaon,  Dayton,  Ohio. 

PATRIOTISM  by  Lynian  Abbott,  ate  < 
versea  of  America— The  Fledga  to  the  Fke- 
3  veraea  of  The  8tar.Spai«lad  Banner,  all  <a  • 
little  leaflet  Further  the  canae  ot  ^triociaa 
by  diatributiiig  in  your  lelten.  tn  pay  anl 
opea,  in  achoola,  cnurchea,  cluoa,  and  locni 
gatheringa.  300  aent  utepaid  for  30  eeua 
Arthur  H.  Moraa.  Montok£rN.  J. 

FEW  young  chlMren  taken  to  boanl  a 
private  achool  near  New  York  City.  Coo- 

potent  houas  mother.    Ideal 

and  grounda.  Dally  French, 
enoea.  6,355,  Outlook. 

TRAINED  nurae  will  take  eenu-fambi  a 
elderly  people  in  her  home  in  ooantnr  <jr. 
Outlook. 

M.  W.  WIchtman  A  Co.  Shoppiw;  Anew, 
eaubliahed  18M.  Noohaiwe;  promnsdalvM. 
44  Weat  iW  St.,  NewToS 

MEN'S  COLLARS.  tl.30  perdosen.  BocUt 
free.  Thompaou  .&  Bradt,  OloveraviUe,  S.  T. 


Highnat  letR^ 


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1918 


THE   OUTLOOK 


391 


BY  THE  WAY 


I  [ii  «»The  Story  of  a  Super-Tramp"  a 
ki  ight  of  the  road  describes  his  method  of 

t'orking  "  a  town.  He  always  looked  first, 
«  says,  tor  the  churches  with  a  cross — 
0:  >  Catholic  churches  he  means,  of  course — 
ki  1  benn  his  begging  tour  in  their  neigh- 
b<  rl)ood.  With  a  week's  growth  of  beard 
Di  las  face,  he  would  eo  to  the  priest,  know- 
in  ;  titat  he  must  be  clean-shaven  and  would 
pi  supplied  with  a  razor.  He  would  ask  the 
p]  est  for  a  loan  of  his  razor  "so  as  to 
III  ike  himself  respectable  enough  to  apply 
f d  '  a  job."  The  priest  would  of  course  refuse 
tS  lend  his  own  razor,  but  would  almost 
^iBrays  "fall"  for  the  loan  of  ten  cents 
m  th  which  to  pay  for  a  shave !  So  this 
ii  (enioos  tramp  was  sure  to  "  start  right " 
DI    his  entrance  to  a  new  town. 

i  "  I  understand  that  Scotland  has  always 
|b  en  a  land  of  bards,"  said  the  London 
fr  litor  in  Bums's  country,  as  reported 
hi  the  "  Scottish  American."  McCallum 
i({  Bsponding) :  "  An'  Wre  no'  faor  wrang, 
M.  In  Ayrshire  an'  the  Hielan's  we've 
|a,  e  had  thim."  Tamson  (breaking  in): 
"  Kn'  ye'll  notice  that  a  great  bard  arises 
h  Scouand  iv'ry  honder  years.  Wis  it  no' 
jii  t  roon  aboot  Boms's  centenary  that 
|i  ftrry  Lauder  wis  comin'  forrit  ?" 

The  "  Camp  Dodger,"  the  official  orpan 
o  the  forces  at  Camp  Dodge,  Iowa,  prints 
tl  is  grind  on  the  camp  martinet : 

Lientanant :   "  Corpoml  Stewart,  don't  yon 
know  hj  thia  time  that  yonr  gun  should  ha  aven 
'     irith  the  end  of  yma  toe  ?" 

Corp.  titewart :  "  Tea,  or ;  but  70a  see  my 
ihoe  ia  about  an  iooh  too  long  and  I  have  to 
poll  my  gun  in  a  little."; . 

The  Irish  propAHsU^to  get  the  last  word 
i  an  encounter  of  wits  is  quoted  by  "  Good 
health  "  in  this  story  :  "WeU,"  a  friend 
c  the  Irishman  asked,  "and  how  is  that 
(  >g  of  yours  doing?"  "  Oh,  be  iabers,  he's 
(  ;ad,  he  is.  The  poor  baste  swiJlied  a  tape 
tteasore."  "  Oh,  I  see.  He  died  by  inches, 
t^en  ?"  "  He  did  not  He  wint  round  to  the 
Ifrek  of  the  house  anid  died  by  the  yard." 

A  photoplay  mag^ine  says  that  a  sub- 
scriber complained  because  its  editor  did 
not  keep  its  readers  informed  about  coming 
song  hits.  Thd'  ediUtf  answers  that  aity 
man  or  woman  ^tHui' could  do  this  could 
collect  from  fifty  to  a  hundred  thousand 
dollars  a  year  from  publishers  by  keeping 
them  supplied  with  this  advance  informa- 
tion. Nothing,  says  the  editor,  can  boom  a 
song  into  popularity.  He  instances  a  song 
on  which  the  publishers  spent  $20,0U0  in 
ingenious  advertisine,  but  it  wouldn't 
"  take."  The  public's  umcy  for  a  song  is  one 
bf  the  most  uncertain  things  imaginable. 

One  of  the  most  disastrous  of  recent 
railway  collisions,  which  occurred  near 
Nashvule  in  July,  was,  according  to  an 
article  in  the  "  Railway  Age,"  due  to  a  too 
trustful  conductor.  He  "  intrusted  the  duty 
of  watching  out  for  the  eastbound  train  to 
a  porter  and  an  inexperienced  flagman." 
The  trains  met  at  full  speed  and  ninety- 
two  persons  were  killed.  The  lesson :  A 
man  in  authority  must  either  do  things 
hims«lf  or  see  that  others  do  them  right. 

The  Old  Lady :  "  Officer,  if  I  stay  on 
this  street,  will  it  take  me  to  the  public 
library  ?"  The  Kind-hearted  Policeman : 
**  Yis,  mom.  But  not  unless  ye  keep  movin', 
mom." 

People  who  give  comnlissions  to  obliging 
friends  to  purwase  articles  for  them  ought 
to  put  up  the  caah  beforehand,  as  a  rule. 
An  Irish  priest  who  was  going  to  Rome 


was  besieged  by  many  friends  to  buy  thines 
for  them  in  the  Holy  City.  He  nad  the 
foregoing  rule  in  mina.  When  he  returned, 
he  brougtit  the  articles  for  those  who  had 
paid  for  them  in  advance.  When  the  others 
complained,  he  said,  with  a  wink :  "  While 
I  was  at  sea,  I  got  out  all  the  commissions 
and  spread  them  on  the  deck.  On  the  papers 
of  those  who  had  given  me  the  coin  I  put 
the  money.  The  others  had  nothing  to 
weight  them  down.  A  squall  of  wind  came 
up.  It  blew  all  the  unweighted  papers  into 
the  sea!  80  the  ones  who  gave  me  the 
money  got  what  they  askea  me  to  get. 
The  others  must  ask  Father  Neptune  for 
theirs." 

"  Her  and  me  thanks  you  for  this  kind 
applause  !"  is  quoted  by  a  theatrical  journal 
as  an  acknowledgment  of  the  pubhc's  ap- 
preciation by  a  pair  of  vaudeville  actors  on 
their  third  recall.  A  subscriber  adds  to  this 
verbal  mixup  the  following :  "  My  West 
Indian  maid  gets  '  tangle-tongue '  on  many 
words.  She  says  she  must '  bucks  '  (husk) 
the  com  and '  crips '  (crisp)  the  cereal,  and 
that  the  cream  is  <  cruddled '  (curdled)." 

New  York  Cit^  has  abolished  the  "  free 
lunch,"  but  the  thing  persists — or  the  next 
tJiing  to  it.  On  the  Bowery,  that  old-time 
home  of  the  otitr6  and  stranee,  appears  a 
sign  headed  "Jack's  Busy  Lunch.  The 
bUl  of  fare,  which  follows,  includes :  All 
kinds  of  sandwiches,  3  cents ;  roast  beef, 
10  cents ;  ham  and  beans,  10  cents  ;  three 
crullers  and  coffee,  5  cents ;  boiled  frank- 
furter, 2  cents ;  roast  frankfurter,  "  Cone^ 
Island  style,"  3  cents ;  ham  and  eggs — this 
is  the  highest  price  on  the  menu — 17  cents. 
Perhaps  the  finest  flight  of  the  restaura- 
teur's fancy  is  this  :  "  Best  Java  [I]  Coffee, 
3  cents." 

It  may  be  doubted  whether  the  Negro's 
unquestionable  taste  for  fried  chicken  leads 
him  into  dishonest  methods  of  obtaining  it 
any  more  frequently  than  with  other  races, 
but  he  u  more  often  joked  about  this  alleeed 
failing.  The  "Argonaut"  publishes  this 
quip  at  his  expense :  Sambo  had  been  haled 
before  the  court  on  the  charge  of  chicken 
stealing.  The  judge  said  :  "  You  are  charged 
with  stealing  chickens  ;  have  yon  any  wit- 
nesses?" "No,  Buh,"  was  the  answer; 
"  when  I  steal  chickens  I  don't  have  no 
witnesses." 

"  Say,  boys,  tell  the  wife  for  me  that  I 
was  one  game  guy !  So  long  to  all  of  you 
guvs !"  After  saying  all  of  that,  reports 
"  'The  Stars  and  Stripes,"  Corporal  Browne 
crawled  out  over  the  top  toward  the  Boches 
with  an  automatic  in  each  hand.  He  got 
them  too — four  of  them  and  a  perfectly 
good  machine  gun.  The  "guys  didnt 
have  to  "tell  the  vrife,"  for  Corporal 
Browne  had  the  machine  gun  on  his  back 
and  was  ready  to  go  ahead  when  his  com- 
rades pulled  up  to  him. 

An  industrious  reader  of  local  news- 
papers sends  U>  the  "  Journal  of  the  Ameri- 
can Medical  Association  "  these  clippings : 
The  kick  that  John  Frashier  got  from  his 

hone  last  week  is  improving  rapidly. — Osceola 

(Hiss.)  Times. 
Charley  BoUett,  who  has  been  chilling  for 

some   time,   is  better  at  this  writing. — Stone 

Connty  (Ark.)  Record. 
This  placard,  seen  by  a  diner  in  a  restaurant 
in  Tonopah,  Nevada,  shows  that  the  resi- 
dents ot  that  place  are  "  helping  Hoover," 
even  if  their  language  is  a  trifle  emphatic  : 

USB  ONLY  ONE  LDMP  OP  SUOAR  IM  YOUB  OOFPBB 
STIB   UKE  UELL 

WB  dom't  mimo  tub  MOISB 


A    Splendid    Christmas    Gift 


"Jml  a  kit  of  Sterling  Silyrr  fashicntd  to  prottti  the 

finger  of  a  Staling  friend. 
As  you  ply  your  needle  just  turn  your  thoughts  to  one 
nvhoivishes  you,  for  every  stitch  a  happy  day- 
for  each  completed  tcsk  "  gladiome  year." 


12832  Starling  Sillier  Thimbu.  45  cenlt 

Tliie  is  a  splendid  aeniceable  thiiiiijlt* .  heavy  weiRht,  with 

a bordt^r  of  (lalHiefl.  Any  h1/^  O  to  11.  It  cumee  to  vou 

with  a  pretty  liajid-color«l  can!  iw  iihowii  above.  Juut 

a  bit  of  cbariuiug  sentiment  that  means  so  much  to  the 

recipient. 

Our  Hie  (iitt  Book  i>icturea  hundreds  of  splendid 

presents  for  Friends,  Relatives,  and  Sweethearts -for 

everybody.   Your  Gift  List  atid  our  Big  FKEK  liook 

Is  all  you  nee«l.    It  is  full  of  money-HAviu^  suKl^estioUfl. 

Write  for  it  NOW.    It's  h  srciit  liij;  luli>. 

THE  HOLMES  CO..  615  Elmwood.  Protidence,  R.  I. 


■     ■      E 


OMEH^'iS'.S.'" 


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ii]  Tor  frc«   Ixxik.. 


Dopt.  n. 


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lis  CMt  StaU  Straot.  Columtuit,  O. 


Salt  Mackerel 


CODFISH 


LOBSTER 


Direct  iroin  the  Boats  to  You 
From  Davis  of  Gloucester 


I  will  send  you  newly  caught  keep- 
(ihle  ocean  fish  choicer  tiiar.  any 
inland  dealer  could  furnish.  I  sell 
only  to  families  direct,  sending  by 
prejKiid  express,  or  parcel  post  all 
orders  east  ol  Kaii!«:iH,  My  fish  are  pure, 
nppetiiintf  and  economical.  I  want  {foH  to 
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my  perHonal  guaran- 
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to  your  approval. 

SALT  MACKEREL— Fat,  me.-»ty,  jnicv 
fish.  Delicious  for  breakfajit.  The  thick 
white  nieated  mackerel  are  (Nu-ked  to  yonr 
onier  in  brine  and  will  keep  perfectly. 
The  fisherman's  own  home  kind. 

CODFISH— Selected  Fish— .Salted  jnst 
ripht — old-time  methods  insure  flavor  and 
IjiKiduess.  White,  no  waste,  no  bones  ;  so 
different  from  ordinary  codfish. 

FRESH  LOBSTER-Tlie  Ix^t  food 
known  for  saLids.  Hi|;lit  fresh  from  the 
w.tter,  our  lobsters  sinnily  are  boiled  Eknd 
[mcked  in  parchment-lined  tins.  It's  the 
purest  lobster  you  can  l>uy.'  The  meat  is 
juiey,  crisp  ana  uatund  ;  very  toothsome. 

No  matter  wliat  the  season,  you  can  get  ilirrclfrvm  ■ 
me.  truanuiteed,  every  </wW  seafood  packed  here 
or  nbnKid.   Send  for  fr«e  scttiood  couk  book. 
Keu  cook  iKioks  give  oUt  flsh  and  q^ial 
seafood    re4.-il>ea.     Write    for  this  di/. 
frrfiit  book.    Also  ask  for  my  new 
w-afowi    price   list.     It  teUs  how 
ea<h  kind  ot   fls)l  is   put    up.     ^^^ 
with     delivered     priee.     bo    ^P^^T         PKANK  B. 
vou  can  choose  just  what     gj>\^^  ItwlHQO 

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392 


THE  OUTLOOK 


Another  idea 
that  men  once  laughed  at 


■pORTY  years  ago  the  job  of  transporting 
^  beef  from  the  fertile  plains  of  the  West 
to  the  vast  consuming  market  of  the  East, 
was  one  of  America's  biggest  meat  supply 
problems. 

In  those  days,  Western  cattle  were  shipped 
alive  over  the  long  haul  East.  They  were 
frequently  injured ;  many  even  died ;  they 
all  shrunk  in  weight  and  the  quality  of  the 
beef  was  impaired.  Watering  and  feeding 
en  route  was  expensive  and  uncertain. 

It  was  the  idea  of  a  number  of  Chicago 
meat  men  that  the  W^estem  steer  should, 
and  some  day  wouM,  be  shipped  as  fresh 
dressed  beef.  They  were  laughed  at  on 
every  hand  as  visionaries,  their  idea  branded 
as  absurd. 

Among  these  "  visionaries  "  was  Gustavus 
P.  Swift,  the  founder  of  Swift  &  Company. 
He  gave  the  idea  real  impetus  by  trjmig  it. 

The  refrigerator  car  had  not  then  been 
perfected,  so  he  rigged  up  a  crude  af&ir 
after  his  own  ideas,  loaded  it  with  dressed 
beef  and  shipped  it  eastward. 

After  overcoming  many  difficulties,  he  suc- 
ceeded in  getting  regular  shipments  of  fresh 
beef  through  to  the  East  in  perfect  condition. 

But  here  he  struck  a  snag.  The  railroads 
came  out  strongly  against  his  idea ;  it  meant 
supplanting  cattle  cars,  which  they  had, 


with  refrigerator  cars,  which   they   didn't 
have.  They  flatly  refused  to  build. 

«  *  « 

Mr.  Swift  finally  saw  that  only  by  bufld- 
ing  refrigerator  cars  himself  could  he  put 
his  idea  into  operation.  During  the  follow- 
ing year  he  built  and  put  into  service 
seventy  cars. 

Today  those  first  seventy  cars  have 
grown  to  a  fleet  of  nearly  seven  thousand. 

Millions  of  people  depend  on  this  huge 
fleet  to  keep  them  regularly  supplied  with 
fresh  meats.  It  delivers  to  them  three  billion 
pounds  annually,  traveling  approximately 
one  hundred  and  sixty  millions  of  miles. 
•  «  • 

Thanks  tothe  "idea  that  men  once  laughed 
at,"  no  longer  is  the  consumer  dependent 
upon  the  uncertainties  of  open  cattle  car. ship- 
ping and  small  local  meat  dressing  methods. 

Today  the  meat  of  the  scientifically-bred 
western  steer — the  finest  beef  producing 
animal  in  the  world — is  regularly  avttjlelble 
at  all  times,  in  the  qualities  and  quantities 
needed,  eoeryuhere  in  this  country. 

The  distributing  machinery  of  the  packer, 
in  ^which  the  refrigerator  car  plays  so  vital 
a  part,  operates — even  in  the  present  war 
emergency — with  unfailing  efficiency. 


Swift  8z  Company,  U.  S.  A. 

A  nation-wide  organization  owned  by  more  than  a3,ooo  stockholders 


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393 


How  We  Improved 

Our  Memory 
In  One  Evenin*^ 

The  Amazing  Experience  ot 

Victor  Jones  and  His  Wife 


"Of  oourte  I  place  you!  Mr.  Addison 
Sims  of  Seattle. 

"If  I  remember  correctly — and  I  do 
remember  correctly — Mr.  Burroughs,  the 
lumberman,  introdaced  me  to  you  at  the 
luncheon  of  the  Seattle  Rotary  Club  three 
years  ago  in  May.  This  is  a  pleasure  in- 
deed !  I  haven't  laid  eyes  on  yoa  since  that 
day.  How  is  the  grrain  business  ?  And  how 
did  that  amalgamation  work  out  ?" 

The  assurance  of  this  speaker — in  the 
crowded  corridor  of  the  Hotel  McAlpin — 
compelled  me  to  turn  and  look  at  him,  though 
I  must  say  it  is  not  my  usual  habit  to  "  listen 
in  "even  in  a  hotel  lobby. 

"  He  is  Darid  M.  Roth,  the  most  famous 
memory  expert  in  the  United  States,"  said 
my  friend  Kennedy,  answering  my  question 
lief  ore  I  could  get  it  out  "He  will  show 
you  a  lot  more  wonderful  things  than  that 
before  the  evening  is  over." 

And  he  did. 

As  we  went  into  the  banquet  room  the  toaot- 
■nMter  was  introducing  a  long  line  of  the  guests  to 
Mr.  Roth.  I  got  in  line  and  when  it  oame  ray  turn 
Mr.  Roth  aaked,  "  What  are  ^onr  initials,  Mr. 
Jones,  and  your  business  connection  and  telephone 
number?"  Why  he  asked  this,  I  learned  later, 
when  he  pidced  oat  from  the  crowd  the  60  men  he 
had  met  two  hoars  before  and  called  each  by  name 
without  a  mistake.  What  is  more,  lie  named  eaoh 
man's  busiaeas  and  telephone  number,  for  good 
measure. 

I  won't  tell  you  all  the  other  amazing  things 
this  man  did  except  to  tell  how  he  called  back, 
withont  a  minute's  hesitation,  long  lists  of  num- 
bers, bank  elearingSj  prices,  lot  numbers,  parcel 
post  rates,  and  anythmg  else  the  guests  gave  him 
in  rapid  order. 


When  I  met  Mr.  Roth  again — which  you  may 
be  sare  I  did  the  first  chance  I  got — he  mther 
bowlad  me  over  by  saying,  in  his  quiet,  modest 
way: 

"  Tliere  is  nothing  miraculous  about  mv  remem- 
bering anything  I  want  to  remember,  wnether  it 
be  namea,  boea,  figures,  facta  or  something  I  hare 
read  in  a  magazine. 

"  You  ran  do  thit  jtut  cu  taaily  a*  I  do.  Anv- 
one  with  an  avetaee  mind  can  learn  quickly  to  oo 
exactly  the  same  tilings  which  seem  so  miraculous 
when  jMo  them. 

"  My  own  memory,"  continued  Mr.  Roth,  "  whs 
originaily  very  faulty.  Yes,  it  was— a  really  jMxir 
memory.  On  meeting  a  man  I  would  lose  his 
aoiue  in  thirty  seconds,  while  now  there  ate  prob- 
ably 10,000  men  and  women  in  the  United  States, 
many  of  whom  I  have  met  but  once,  whose  names 
.J  cooaaV  Instantly  on  meeting  them." 
-  "  That  is  all  right  for  you,  Mr.  Roth,"  I  inter- 
rupted, "you  have  given  years  to  it.  But  how 
aboat  me  r" 

"  Mr.  Jones,"  he  replied.  "  I  can  teach  yon  the 
secret  of  a  good  memory  in  one  evening.  This  is 
not  a  gnaa,  because  I  have  done  it  with  thousands 
of  papik.  In  the  first  of  seven  simiile  leaeons 
which  I  have  prepared  for  home  study  I  show  yon 
Ihk  boaio  principle  of  my  whole  syHtein  and  you 
will  find  it — not  hard  work  as  prou  iiiiglil  fcur — 
bat  joat  like  playing  a  foscinatmg  game.  I  will 
prova  h  to  you." 


Be  didn't  have  to  prove  it.    His  Course  did ;  I  What  the  Course  Did  for  Mrs.  Jones 

got  \%  the  very  next  day  from  his  publishers,  Ijie  ™           i.  .  m     t         ^  h          ..i     t.  ^i.  w 

Independent  Corporation.  „  From  what  Mr.  Jones  tdls  «,  the  Roth  Memory 

When  I  tackled  the  first  lesson  I  was  surprised  gj»^  did  just  as  womlerfid  ^ings  for  Mrs.  Jooes^ 

to  find  that  I  had  leamed-in  about  one  hour—  She  became  Afouuited  with  the  lessons  the  fiiat 

how  to  remember  a  list  of  ono  hundred  words  so  evei^gshe  ooirfd  get  them  away  from  her  husband, 

that  I  oould   oaU  them    of!    forward    and    back  »"«  ho  is  forced  to  admit  that  not  only  did  she  l««m 

withont  a  single  mistake  magic  key  words  more  qmcklj  and  easily  than 

That  fir«  lesson  twx     And  so  did  the  other  h«  <Kd— but  so  did  Genevieve,  their  twelve-yeai-old 

gjj  daughter. 

Head  this  letter  from  C.  Louis  AUen,  who  at  32  .  ^°*  *•>•  *»»  »'  toaraing  was  only  the  beginmng. 
years  became  president  of  a  million  dollar  oorpo-  i"  »  '«^,  "»y»  Mrs.  Jones  was  amazed  to  see  how 
ration,  the  Pyrene  Manufacturing  Company  of  Mr  Mwly  ooqtured  power  to  remember  the  count- 
New  York,  makers  of  the  famous  fire  extin-  .!«» '!>>»««  "he  had  to  remember  sunpUfied  her  life, 
gaisher:  i  be  utlnite  details  of  housekeeinng  smoothed  them- 
..»      .u  »  .t    •._,.»»           r,         ,   •  .j.^  .  "elves  out  wonderfully.  She  was  surprised  how  much 

-J.??r^JSrijS^n!5f?K.^,SSlJ't£^'J  ™«  t*™  ■»«'  »>»d  tot  recreation-lleeause  she  re- 

want  to  tell  yoQnowmncn  1  inve  nifovm  tne  stnay  off  ™.*_u..««j :i_        j         ^        i.     n      l 

this  most  badiating  nbjwst.   TJmsUy  Umss  eoonas  In-  membered    easily    and    automatically  her    many 

voivs  a  gnat  deal  off  dradgsir,  bat  this  has  bssn  pura  duties  at  the  time  diey  should  be  remembered.  And 

^itniMre  ^liie  way  throng  I  have  derlTsd  much  bene-  when  evening  came  she  missed  much  of  the  old 

fit  from  taUng  the  ooune  o<  fautiuction  and  f««l  that  I  "  tired  feeling  "  and  was  fresher  than  she  had  been 

•ball  oonttame  to  strenstlMO  mv  memoiy.  Tliat  li  tba  in  years 

b..t  tiartoff  It.    Ishaffbegtod  of  anopportmiity  to  At  her  dub  ih.  became  a  lawler  bacaua.  her  fellow-owD. 

rMomauadyoarwarktomyMeoda.  ban  could  count. on  har  to  ooodnot  chib  matters  with  a 

Mr.  Alien  didn't  put  it  a  bit  too  Strang.  in  her  Kcial  life  MrJ  j^^te^  t^  wtai  a  popularity 

The    Roth    Couiaa    u    pnoeless  I    I    ean    abao-  that  aha  had  never  draamed  of  attaining.   The  rauon  was 

Intely  cmmt  on  my  memory  now.    I  can  call  the  "*}  to  ondaratand— because  •hi  never  foigct  a  name  or 

name  of  most  any  man  I  have  met  before — and  I  *'"*  ""^  ^^  *a*  Introduced— and  this  slao  made  bar  a 

am  getting  better  aU  the  time.    I  oan  remember  "?°??^  borta»-mach  to  the  wonder  of  >MrMa»laJIn 

«.y  1^1  wUh  to  remember.    Telephone  num-  SS;^*?i.eJ^  S.1::;»l.^"^'S^'hJS:! 

hers  come  to  my  mmd  instantly,  once  1  have  filed  kaeping,  but  hi  her  •ooial  life. 

them  by  Mr.  Roth's  easy  method.  Street  addresses  Now  wa  nndantand  the  Roth  Memoir  Idea  ia  gofam  like 

arejust  as  easy.  wOdllre  among  Mn.  Jooaa'  fiieoda— lor  ahe  bai  let  them 

The  old  fear  of   forgetting    (yoa    know    what  IntobCTieoret. 

that  is)  haa  vanished,    fused  to  be  "  scared  stiff  "  _  J'*^'*!'  'oOowtag  latterftom  Mrs.  Deaaor  A^OIlpa, 

on  my  feet-beoause   I  wasn't  nr,.    I    couldn't  J^^^J™"  "^  ""  x4m.a.«i  Woman'.  Liberty  Loan 

reraemW  what  I  wanted  to  My.    ,         „  ,     ,         .  •■  Endowd  pleua  flm  ehaok  for  »B.OO  for  Hemory 

Wow  1  am  Bare  of  mvself,  and  confident,  and  Coojae  forwaided  ma.  TUs  oourw,to  my  mhid,  tathe 

easy  as  an  old  shoe  '<^heu  I  get  on  my  feet  at  moat  wonderful  thing  o<  lu  Und  I  teve  ever  heaid  of, 

the  club,  or  at  a  bauqnet,  or  in  a  business  meeting,  snd  Gamaa  to  band  at  a  time  when  I  need  it  gnstly. 

or  in  any  social  gathering.  "  ^   Chairman    for    the   State  of   Tennaeaae   for 

Perhaps  the  moat  enjoyable  part  of  it  aU  is  that  Woman'a  Ubeity  Loan  Committee,  It  la  very  ueoeMry 

I  have  leoome  a  good    oonversationalist-and   I  I^"1,5f  JT^iiS;  ^J^nl^-TTSft.  hlHtS; 

J  .     1             ■!     i           I."        L       I fc  •  i.  *'>'*  wttn  the  Tery  unle  loqinunluce  l  narii  oh  with 

used  to  bo  as  silent  as*  sphinx  when  1  got  into  a  j^,  wonderful   oourn   I    And   my  memory  gi«Uy 

crowd  of  people  who  knew  things.  •trengtheaad.  I  feel  ■uie  that  after  having  completed 

Now  I  can  call  up  like  a  flash  of  lightning  most  the  ooaree  I  wHl  be  able  to  know  my  women  and  the 

any  fact  I  want  right  at  the  instant  I  need  it  most.  oountiee  they  are  from  the  minute  1  eee  them." 

I  used  to  think  a  "  hair  trigger  "  memory  belonged  Senil  No  Money 

only  to  the  prodigy  and  genim.    Now  I  see  tUt  ^  con«d«t  i.  the  Independnt  Corpomtlon,  the  pub- 

every  man  of  us  has  that  kmd  of  a  memory  if  he  liehere  off  the-RoUi  Memory  Course,  that  oooe  you  Ymm  an 

only  knows  how  to  make  it  work  right.  opportunity  to  sea  In  your  own  home  how  eaay  it  la  to  hn- 

1  tell  yon  it  is  a  wonderful  thing,  after  groping  prove  your  memoiy  In  a  few  abort  hours,  that  they  ars 

around  in  the  dark  for  so  many  years,  to  be  able  to  ^•Wtii^  to  eend  the  oourae  on  free  ezamtaiatioQ. 

switch  the  big  searchlight  on  your  mind  and  ««  .  £S^'  I^  JK,^iZSi,^t^  ^  S'J^'^i  Zl^ 

•   _.      .«              ~*i.*                J.  a.        1.  ft  letter  ena  the  oompiete  oourae  wui  be  sMit,  mx  ohaivee 

inrtantly  everythuig  yon  want  to  remember.  „^   „  ,^     If  vou  a«  not  «tit«ly  mtkflad  «3lt 

lliis  Koth  Course  will  do  wonders  m  your  oiBoe.  b,^  uy  time  withfai  ive  day>  after  yon  recrive  it  and  you 

Since  we  took  it  up  you  never  hear  anyone  in  wJU  owe  nothing. 

our  office  say  "  I  gueas '   or  "  I  think  it  was  about  On  the  other  uud.  If  yoa  are  aa  pieaaad  aa  an  the  thou- 

so  much  "  or  "  I   forget  that  right  now  "  or  "  I  ■"xl*  of  other  men  and  women  who  have  need  the  coarse. 

cant  remember  "  or  "  1  must  look  up  his  name.  "  J™*  ™'i*!  J" .'""  .••J™"":,  I°"  ^''  ""  '*"lL?™*  5?f 

Now  they  an,  right  there  with  the  aSiwei^Uke  a  ^I^^^SiXXt  SlS^lS^^  ""  "°'°"  ~"  '^"*  '^'' 

■"??■                        ,        ,     ,  „  w  ,^ .  .,  „    ...  .,  FREE  EXAMINATION  BLANK 

Have  yon  ever  heard  of     Multigr^h     smith.'       ■•■p« •••••••■•■■• •■•••••••••■• 

Real  name  H.  Q.  Smith,  Division  Manager  of  the  <Bf_v y  .  ..  .  ^  * 

Miilti^ph   Sales   Company,    Ltd.,   in  ^lontreal.  _l|nUFyfn"Wlr  UHfttftrHiHm 

Here  is  just  a  bit  from  a  letter  of  lus  that  I  saw  but  ^       i   ip  ■  ■■  •  aeea  ^'Wf  sravoesarae 

week:  Mriansf  llBWHEdMihsa.DasLZ21l.  119W.40lkSl.,N.  Y. 

"  Here  l>  the  whole  thtog  to  a  nutshell.  Mr.  Roth  haa  PabtiMhen  «f  Thf  Indrjmdml  (ntul  HarveT'i  Wrrtly) 

a  moet  remarkable  Memory  Course.    It  ia  simple,  and  "  J"**  Moit  SaUtfaciory  War  Journal  in  Amrrim  " 

eaay  aa  tallhig  oS  a  lag.    Tet  with  one  hour  a  day  of  Pleaae  eend  me  the  Roth  Memory  Course  of  aeven  laaSDiia. 

{iractioe  anyone— I  dou't  care  who  he  la — can  improve  I  wjU  either  remafl  the  Coarse  to  you  wHhIn  Ave  days  after 

Oa  Memory  1(X)<^  in  a  week  and  1,U0U<A>  in  all  moiitba."  ita  raoeipt  or  aend  you  S6. 

My  advice  to  yon  is  don't  wait  another  minute.  Vosk' 

.Sena  to  Independent  Conxnation    for  Mr.   Koth's  

nniHzing  course  and  see  what  a  wonderful  memory 

you  have  got.   Your  dividends  in  inertturd  taming  ^ddrt— 

power  will  be  enormous. 

VICTOR  JONES       Drg,tf2mtty«'ifflKlWy«rt*^ 


394 


THE   OUTLOOK 


13  Novrmbrr 


r*- 


••>■■  * 


'"      Herman 
J       Style  51 

III  hi  (inn  Meta/ 

For  ClvlliaDs 


"X/i EN  in  civil  life,  taking  a 
•*•■*•  broad  hint  from  Army 
life,  are  nowadays  demanding 
for  themselves  the  wonderful 
fit,  couifoi't  and  endurance  of 
the  U.  8.  Army  sliape  of  shoes. 

Herman  Shoes — built  on  the 
famous  Munson  Army  Last — 
claKj/iha  foot  at  essential  points, 
but  give  it  healthful,  muscle- 
exercising  liberti/at  every  other 
point 

Herman  Shoes,  made  in  all 
serviceable  leathers,  by  the  best 
quality  of  Massachusetts  shoe- 
making,  enable  men  to  take  care 
of  their  feet,  clothe  them  attrac- 
tively, and  get  from  them  the  full 
measure  of  service  with  comfort 

tjold  in  8,0UU  retail  atoraa.  If  yon 
are  not  near  one,  we  will  fit  you 
correctly  and  quickly  throug:h  oar 
MAIL  ORDER  UKP'T  at  Boston 


aOS.  M.  HEBMAN  SHOE 

825  Albany  Bldg. 
BOSTON,    MAS». 


CO. 


IIDilllil 


Y^O^  ""^y  ^'*c  coiifidehce  m  Ae 
goods  of  a  men's  wear  shop  that 
recommends  the  Boston  Garter. 
You  may  be  sure  that  the  policy 
of  the  dealer  is  to  give  the  cus- 
tomer fuD  value  for  his  money.  The 
Boston  Garter  is  6rst  in  quality  and 
first  m  service.     Ask  for  it 

3S  MBlB  and  upward  in  laad> 
ins  store*  from  coast  to  coast. 

OCORGC   FROST  CO..  Maacaa,  BovreN 


The  Outlook 

Copyrigbt,  1918,  by  TIm  Ontlook  Company 

TABLE  OF  CONTENTS 

Vol.  120     November  13,  1918      No.  10 

THa  ODTLOOK   IS  PDHUSHaO  VOatiT  BY  TUB  OimiOOB  OOMTAHT, 

3ai  loram  atbhiix,  saw  roax.  LAwaaaoa  r.  Aaaorr, 
raasinnrr.  a.  t.  rvuiraa,  noa^aasiDairr.  nMn  o.  hott, 
TBaAsniBB.      nuiBsT  H.  Aaaorr,  sacaaTAaT.      raAna*  ■>. 

OARHAK,      AOVaBTISlSS      MAHASaa.  TBAaLY      fOascKimOH— 

nrrr-Two  issvas  — roua    dollais    a    AOVAaoa.       ajraaaao 

AS      laoOVD- CLASS      HATras.       JULY     21,     189S.     AT    TRB     POST 

omca  AT  aav  loaa,  omaa  na  act  or  itAaoH  3.   is79 


The  Bleotions 397 

Germany  and  the  Allies'  Terms 397 

Auitria-Hun jary  Out  of   the  War 398 

The  Break-Up  of  Austria-Hunfary 398 

The  Surrender  of  Turkey 398 

The  Liberty  Loan 399 

The  United  War  Work  Campaign 399 

Another  Civil  Service  Step  Backward . . .  400 

The  Brooklyn  Disaster 400 

Are  All  Germans  Huns  P 400 

Cartoons  of  the  Week , 401 

Shall  We  Punish  Germany  P 402 

What  We  Expect  of  the  New  Congressmen  403 

The  Hughes  Report 403 

Concerning  Sophonisba  and  the  Practical 

Life 404 

The  Friends  of  Our  Friends 405 

A  New  Declaration  of  Independence....  406 

By  Herbart  Francis  ^bcrwood 

The  American  Soldier's  Fiber 407 

The  Great  Divide 408 

The  Iron  Cross  (Poem) 409 

By  Charles  Alexander  Riobmond 
A  Classic  Instance 409 

By  Henry  vsn  Dyke 

Out  With  the  Fog-Hounds 412 

By  Gregory  Meson,  Staff  Correspondent  of 
The  Outlook 

A  Retrospectus 413 

An  Editor  Talks  with  a  Liie  Subscriber 

Current  Events  Illustrated 419 

A  Quiet  Town  in  Belgium 423 

By  Charlotte  KelloM 

A  French  Village  as  Seen  by  an  American 
Soldier 424 

Is  There  an  Abundance  of  Food  ? 424 

By  Lewis  B.  Theiss 

Just  Before  the  Big  Push 425 

By  a  Soldier  oi  the  "  Seventh  " 

Naming  a  Horse 425 

Weekly  Outline  Study  of  Current  History  426 
By  J.  Madison  Gathany,  A.M. 

A  New  Birth  of  Freedom 427 

By  Blias  Lieberman,  oi  the  Vigilentes 

"Our  Country,  Right  or  Wrong" 427 

"The  New  Books 428 

Current  Financial  Topics 431 

"Reds" 395 

Rhymes  in  Prose  on  My  Verbal  Throes.  433 
By  the  Way 434 

BY  SUBSCRIPTION   ti.OO  A   TEAR.     Single  copies  10  cauU. 

Tot  foreign  subscription  to  conntrias  fai  the  Postal  nnioi,  16.86. 

AddrnsB  all  commnnications  to 

THE  OUTLOOK  COMPANY 
,381  Fourth  Avernie  New  York  City 


Young  Women  of  America ! 

HERE    IS    YOUR 
OPPORTUNITY 

to  lu'coiiie  a  Trained  Nurse  and  release 
a  pair  of  liaineil  hands  for  service 
•'  Over  There." 

liy  entei-ing  a  Training  .School  NOW 
and  projiariiig  yourself  for  service  at 
home  or  ahroa^l  you  ai-e  rendering  a 
distini't  patriotic  .service. 

Tliere  jtit*  some  Hviiila))le  openiiip<  in  the 
Kini^  rotinty  Hospital  which  will  be  tilled  m 
the  onU'v  of  appUeHtioii  and  final  approval. 
This  si'houl  is  re^stered  under  the  Kegenta  of 
tlie  .Stale  of  New  York.  Len^h  of  eonrae  is 
2  years  and  ^i  months.  For  farther  infonuatjoa 
write  to  the 

SUPT.   OF   TRAINING   SCHOOL 

Clarkson  Avenue  Brooklyn.  N.  Y. 


TEACHERS'     AGENCIES 


The  Pratt  Teachers  Agency 

10  Fifth  Avenne,  Now  \orm 


Kecommeude  teachera  to  ooHeces^mibllc  aini  privata 
Advises  parents  about  sdtools.    wui.  t>.  Fnstt.  Mkt. 

SCHOOLS    AND    COLLEOES 

ILLI  WOI8 


Home  Study     ^ 


(STth  Year) 


icalioiL  Fecms  •( 
I  than  400  other  Ac 


lotheri 

and  prof eeeional  coureea  are  offcsad  kv  cjusie* 
idence.    Addreeet 

Xttionrsttg  nf  (Slfiraga 

DieWoa  10.  CUeaite.  ID. 


MASSACHUSETTS 


WALNUT  HILL  SCHOOL 

S3  HiKhlisnd  St.,  Natick,  Maaa. 

A  College  PrepaTatory  Beliool  for  Girls.  17  inilea  (rocn 

Mies  Conant,  Mies  BIyelow,  Princlpala. 

SHORT-STORY  ^VRTTING 

A  eouree  of  fortr  lessons  in  the  histarr,  ha  as, 

stnicture,aiiJwritiiiaoftheWh«it  acwj  tangfathy 

Vr.  J.  Rmt  KaMiirvIe,  IW  TMn  IMtM.  «r  liMiaMS^ 

ISO-pagteataXeotimfret.     Ptemmmodarwtm 

THR  mac  COBKSSPOXDKXrB  BTBOOL 

Uvpt.  ■  * 


9 

tot.  iMwcitt 


NEW    YORK 


BECOME  A  TRAINED    NURSE 

Great  opportunltiee  and  aa  iiscmasinc  ilsiiaand 
now  axlet  for  trained  norsaa 
Cohoes  Hospital,  of  Colioes,  \.  Y.,  offer*  a  tbo<^ 
oiigh  course  of  trainiuf;  to  a  small  nniiiber  oS  ynmaf 
women.  Course  is  three  yvars,  and  one  yesu-  ot  hi|tB 
school  or  ita  equivalent  is  neoeaaary  for  et>tnu<*. 
Careful  individual    Httention    given    to    atitd<vt>. 

Address  Miss  A.  K.  CUON,  ^iperintaBdent. 
Colioes  Hoapital,  Cohoea.  N.  Y. 

St.  John's  Riverside  Hospital  Traniaf 
School  for  Nurses 

YONKERS.    NEW  YORK 

ReKis>red  in  Hew  York  8tat^  oSeia  at  yeaiB*  nasiw    s 

Snetml   traiiilns;   to    refined,  adooated    wocaen.      Re^anv- 
eats  one  year  dIkIi  scbool  or  its  eqnivalsDt.   Apply  to  cb* 
Dirvctreae  of  Nurses,  Yonkera,  Wew  York. 


PI 


TANDARD 

AND 

RITUAL 


HYMN 
SONG 


A  roinbiiiatioit  iwver  before  equaled.  Boerd  SSc    Ckith  4lr. 


The  BIkIow  and  Main  Co»,  Kaw 


'or>-CKtca«o 


m     ■  iy«par«brnAlllsapM«ttBM  for  thin  «ttnMi«« 

■     ■  SMI  l«  wMoi  UMT*  vs  mat  qppCTtuufcWs  ' 

,^L^V  Mid  woBMD.      SMd  at  ones  for  /rss  bool 

^^^^  D«cf»ms  »  BRPkf ."  by  Bdcab  Q. 


A  BANKER 


1918 


THE  OUTLOOK 


39S 


"REDS' 


Of  the  many  things  at  the  front  one  of 
the  most  interesting  features  is  the  pro- 
found and  general^  excellent  character 
changes  procraced  sometimes  from  the  very 
first  explosion,  which  brings  a  man  face  to 
face  with  the  second  of  the  two  great  Eter- 
nities.   For  instance,  there  was  "  Reds." 

R^ds  was  one  of  those  lean,  raw-boned, 
sandy -liaiaed  specimens  who  are  always  on 
the  go,  restless,  into  all  kinds  of  things, 
often  mischief.  Reds  was  profane  and 
worse.  He  was  noisy — continuoosly  bo  to 
an  unpleasant  degree.  The  least  little 
excitement  put  him  "  on  edge." 

After  an  uneventful  trip,  during  which 
Reds  and  lus  persistent  excitement  wore 
his  group  fairly  out,  they  arrived  near  the 
front  and  encamped  in  pup-tents,  on  tiie 
ground,  of  course,  for  the  night.  The  writer 
Knows  all  about  it  because  he  was  there ! 

It  had  been  a  tiresome  trip,  though  inter- 
esting, and  all  were  well  fagged  out,  and 
by  midnight  were  wrapped  in  the  soundest 
kmd  of  8leep.  Suddenly  there  was  a  tre- 
mendous "  BAM !"  A  Hun  plane  had  un- 
feelingly dropped  a  bomb  near  the  road 
bordering  the  camp.  Well !  In  exactly  five 
seconds  every  last  soul  was  out  of  his  pup- 
tent,  with  "  tin  "  hat  on  and  mask  ready, 
excitement  .•'  You  never  saw  anything  like 
it !  The  bovs  were  at  the  same  tnne  scared 
half  todeatn  and  intensely  tickled.  Tickled? 
Certainly.  They  were  actually  under  fire, 
and  Heinie  thought  enough  of  them  to  come 
along  and  drop  a  bomb !  Quite  a  few  of  the 
boys  actually  looked  upon  the  visitation  as  a 
debcate  little  attention  on  the  part  of  Fritz. 
So  many  really  funny  tilings  happened 
during  the  next  few  minutes — especiaUy 
after  several  more  Germans  had  also 
dropped  resounding  but  innocuous  memen- 
toes-—that  agood-sized  book  might  be  filled 
with  them.  But  it  wasn't  funny  for  Reds 
at  alL  At  each  explosion  he  bounded  like 
a  jack-rabbit,  or  he  would  vai^  it  by  div- 
ing into  the  nearest  emergency  trench  or 
dag^ut.  Reds,  in  brief,  was  not  tickled  at 
all,  and  was  much  too  scared  to  be  profane. 
Next  scene.  Five  days  had  gone  by,  and 
the  outfit  had  moved  to  another  locality 
and  had  heard  many  bombs  and  other  typi- 
cal and  somewhat  disconcerting  noises. 

Early  in  the  morning  Reds  was  shaving 
deliberately  in  front  of  a  fog-wet  tree,  on 
which  he  had  hung  his  trench  mirror.  The 
camp  was  rousing  itself  for  its  usual  busy 
day.  There  was  a  long-drawn  "  sh-sh-sh-sh- 
ah-sh !"  overhead  as  a  big  shell  passed  by. 
It  landed  a  little  way  beyond  with  a  para- 
lysing "  BOOM !" 

For  a  moment  there  was  a  dead  silence 
in  that  ramp,  and  then  Reds  turned  casu- 
ally to  a  passing  sentry,  and,  with  scant 
brows  inquiringly  upraised,  said  : 

"  Dropped  something  'i"  and  then  went 
rht  on  shaving,  serene  as  a  May  morning. 
Vou  see,  it  was  no  longer  the  same 
Beda.  To  this  day  I  have  tieard  no  re- 
turn of  bis  RabeUisian  language.  His  pro- 
fanity seems  reduced  to  a  respectable  mini- 
mum. Re  has  become  a  serious-minded 
yoath  and  a  purposeful  one.  And,  let  me 
teU  yon,  Reds  could  be  multiplied  by  many 
thooHUids.  Terrible  as  it  is,  the  test  and 
experience  of  this  war  are  going  to  mean 
much  that  is  good  and  worm  while  to  the 
young  men  of  our  Nation.  They  are  going 
to  mean  much  for  character,  and  for  that 
basic,  primitive  courage  upon  which  the 
fltroetore  of  a  successful  Nation  and  a  sue- 

ceaafol  civilization  most  stand. 

•  •  • 

la  FVaoM,  A.  E.  F. 


ri^t 


The  old  charm  of 

yanes 
dQnend^wn 

^>-^  [the  correct  writing  paper] 

is  its  impressive  qualilv 
The  new  charm  is  its  cor- 
rectness and  smartness, 
which  the  world  of  fashion 
acknowledges. 

usable  samples  sent  on  reauest  &r  Uventiljiut  ctnU 

EATON,  CRANE  &  PIKE  CO. 

New  York     Pittsfield.Mass. 


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THE  OUTLOOK 


The  debt  that  industry  owes  to 
the  proper  Indicating,  Recordini^ 
and  Controlling  ofltennperature 


No  line  of  instruments  has  done  more  for  Industry 
than  temperature  instruments. 

They  have  made  ]X)ssible  the  great  steamship,  the 
giant  sky-scraper,  the  automobile,  the  engine,  the 
dynamo  and  the  thousands  of  products  ujMjn  which 
the  world  depends. 

Of  the  \arious  instruments  that  have  been  de\ised 
for  industrial  use,  none  have  done  more  than 


Temperature  Instruments 

Tycos  Tenii>erature  Instruments  have  been  for  years  the  foremost 
temi)erature  indicating,  reeonling  and  controlling  instruments  in  the 
pro<luction  of  the  worhl's  industrial  products. 

The  great  Tycos  line  of  tenijMrature  instruments  covers  every  field 
of  Industry  from  the  manufacture  of  steel  and  iron  to  the  production 
of  dyes  and  food-stuffs.  It  ranges  from  the  mci-eurial  thermometer  for 
the  recording  of  normal  temperature  to  the  Fery  pyrometer  for  regis- 
tei'iug  thousands  of  degrees  and  end)rAces  over  8000  different  type.s  and 
styles  of  temperature  instruments  for  the  scientific  measurement  and 
control  of  temperature. 

Wherever  there  ia  a  temperature  need  there  is  a  lycos  instrument 
that  fits  it. 

Let  Tycos  control  your  tenijR'rature. 

Write  £of  eatiiloj^r  *'f  teniiwmture  instrtiineiit^  in  which  yi»i  are  interested. 
Our  (it)  years*  exiwrienee  in  the  niauiifacture  of  tempemture  infftniments  ia  at  yxmr 
disposal.    Let  us  help  you  witli  your  temperature  problems. 

'Bylor  Instrument  Companies 

ROCHESTER,  N.  Y. 


There's  a  Tycct  or  '^yfor  Thennoiueter  for  every  purpose. 


STEEti      iRQm^c      1^ 

iELECT RlCAlv  :    ^:^^ 


PlliiPii 


Mi 


The  Outlook 

NOVEMBER  13,  1918 

Offices,  381  Fourth  Avenue,  New  York 


THE  DAY  AFTER  ELECTION 

The  outstanding  {act  on  the  morning  after  election  is  that 
HJiile  the  oonntry  is  determined  tosnpport  the  President  loyally 
and  vigorously  in  his  prosecution  of  the  war,  it  is  equally  deter- 
mined not  to  surrender  into  his  hands  the  complete  and  sole 
wntrol  of  the  political  de9tiitie8  of  the  country.  In  spite  of  his 
appeal,  it  has  elected,  if  not  a  Republican  majority  in  both 
hou!ies  of  Congress,  a  considerably  larger  Republican  delegap 
titiii.  The  New  York  "World,"  the  foremost  organ  of  me 
Democratic  party  in  the  United  States,  says  at  this  writing  (the 
luoniing  after  election) :  "  The  Republicans  seem  to  have  won 
(•mitrol  of  the  United  States  Senate  and  the  House  of  Repre- 
sentatives." 

Whether  or  not  the  final  figures  prove  the  "World's  "  estj- 
iiiate  to  be  correct,  the  Republicans  have  made  such  striking 
gains  that  it  is  clear  that  the  coimtry  desires,  as  The  Outlook 
•aid  last  week,  an  American  and  not  a  Presidential  Congress. 
It  wishes  that  Republican  as  well  as  Democratic  statesmen 
hliall  participate  in  the  gigantic  problem  of  reconstruction  which 
iiuiHt  follow  the  war,  both  in  this  country  and  in  Europe. 

Two  pr  three  individual  instances  make  this  fact  all  the  more 
ilear.  Henry  Ford,  who  was  generally  regarded  as  in  a  pecu- 
liar sense  the  President'^  personal  candidate  for  Senator  in 
Michigan,  has  probably  been  defeated  by  Truman  H.  New- 
Urry,  Assistant  Secretary  and  Secretary  of  the  Navy  under 
Prwtident  R<josevelt. 

Senator  James  Hamilton  Lewis,  of  Illinois,  who  has  been 
[>ne  of  the  President's  spokesmen  in  the  Senate,  and  who 
recently  introdnced  a  resolution  which,  if  carried,  would  in 
iilauket  form  have  approved  beforehand  all  the  acts  and  policies 
>f  the  President  in  bringing  the  war  to  a  conclusion,  has 
■een  defeated  by  Medill  McCormick,  at  present  a  member 
)f  Congress  and  widely  knpwn  throughout  the  coimtry  as 
I  ii.vmpathizer  with  and  supporter  of  what  are  commonly 
i|Niken  of  as  Roosevelt  policies. 

Champ  Clai4(,  the  Democratic  Speaker  of  'the  House  of 
itcpresentatives,  has  very  likely  been  defeated  for  re-election  in 
klismitri.  If  not  defeated,  his  Republican  opponent  has  reduced 
it'«  majority  to  microscopic  figures.  This  striking  attack  upon 
Ih-  C^mgressional  officer  whose  position  is  sometimes  r^arded 
A  only  second  in  importance  to  that  of  the  President  of  the 

iiited  States  is  ascribed  to  Speaker  Clark's  antagonism  to 
he  Selective  Draft  Law.  It  may  reasonably  be  taken,  therefore, 
»  an  expression  oi  the  purpose  of  the  country  to  stand  behind 
he  President  in  his  war  policies  even  to -the  extent  of  defeating 
i»  own  partyrepresentatives  in  Congress. 

(iovemor  Walter  E.  Eidge,  of  New  Jersey,  was  elected  to  the 
•■nate,  as  well  as  the  other  New  Jersey  Republican  Senatorial 
aiHlidate,  Mr.  David  Baird,  in  spite  of  the  President's  special 
P|ieal  to  the  voters  of  his  own  State  to  elect  the  Democratic 
oiuinees. 

Ah  an  o£bet  to  these  Republican  victories  it  should  be  noted 
■at  Senator  Weeks,  of  Massachusetts,  has  been  beaten  by  his 
(•■nHtiTatic  opponent,  former  Governor  Walsh.  The  contest 
►'tween  these  tvo  was,  however,  based  on  a  local  controversy 
itber  than  on  National  policies.  When  Senator  Weeks  was 
•^•ted,  m  1913,  he  had  a  lively  if  not  a  bitter  controversy  with 
ovemor  McCall,  an  j»pirant  for  the  Senatorial  seat  which 
Ir.  Weeks  finally  won.  It  is  possible,  therefore,  that  factional 
ifferences  within  the  Repubucan  party  led  to  Mr.  Weeks's 
•feat 

lu  New  York  State,  where  the  women  voted  for  the  first  tipie 
I  :i  State  electirai,  they  did  so  with  interest  and  efficiency.  In 
any  election  districts  the  percentage  of  registered  women 
Ik>  voted  was  notably  larger  than  the  percentage  of  registered 
cii  who  voted. 

Tht-  gubernatorial  contest  in  New  York  State  is  very  close, 


so  close  indeed  that  there  is  some  danger  of  a  legal  contest 
over  a  recount  of  the  ballot.  The  vote  for  Alfred  E.  Smith, 
the  Democratic  candidate,  was  unusually  large  in  the  city 
of  New  York^so  large  that  it  completely  swamped  all  the 
Socialistic  candidates — and  the  vote  for  Governor  Whitman  "  up 
the  State  "  was  somewhat  smaller  than  usual.  Mr.  Smith's  fine 
personal  record  in  the  State  Legislature  and  in  the  State  Consti- 
tutional Convention  evidently  overcame  the  reluctance  of  many 
New  York  voters  to  cast  their  ballots  for  a  Tammany  repre- 
sentative. On  the  other  ^and,  there  were  Republicans  in  the 
country  districts  of  the  State  who  carried  their  antipathy  for 
the  traditional  third-term  bogey  to  the  extent  of  remaining  away 
from  the  polls. 

Finally,  it  may  be  said,  as  we  have  elsewhere  said  of 
the  Libei-ty  Loan  Campaign,  that  the  people,  having  cast  their 
votes,  have  now  put  me  election  behind  tiiem  and  are  turning 
their  attention  to  the  problems  of  the  future.  Although  the 
President  made  the  tactical  error  of  publicly  saying  that  if  the 
country  did  not  return  a  handsome  Democratic  majority  to  Con- 
gress, Germany  and  the  Allies  would  regard  it  as  a  sign  of  divide«l 
American-  public  opinion  on  the  prosecution  of  the  war,  no  one 
tonlay,  not  even  Democratic  commentators,  r^ards  this  as  an 
actual  danger.  In  fact,  the  country  will  go  on  with  its  prosecu- 
tion of  the  war  and  of  the  peace  settlement  with  renewed  vigor 
and  determination.  Our  own  convicti(Hi  is  that  the  President 
will  be  helped  rather  than  hindered  by  the  new  counsel  and 
the  new  point  of  view  which  he  will  receive  as  a  result  of  the 
balloting. 
The  Outlook  Office,  November  6, 1918. 


GERMANY  AND  THE  ALLIES'  TERMS 

As  we  write,  on  the  morning  of  November  6,  the  situation 
as  to  the  armistice  for  which  Germany  has  asked  is  this :  The 
Inter- Allied  Council  at  Versailles  has  unanimously  agreed  upou 
the  conditions  Germany  must  accept  and  perform  before  an 
armistice  is  granted ;  these  demands  have  been  put  in  the  hands 
of  Marshal  Foch,  and  the  German  Government  lias  been  in- 
formed through  Secretary  Lansing  that  Marshal  Foch  is  author- 
ized to  receive  German  representatives  and  to  communicate  t<i. 
them  terms  of  an  armistice. 

Germany's  answer  is  awaited  as  we  write.  No  one  doubts 
that  the  terms  precedent  to  an  armistice  are  such  that  if 
accepted  and  carried  out  they  will  render  it  inconceivable  from 
a  military  point  of  view  that  Germany  could  renew  the  war 
with  any  prospects  of  success.  The  terms  imposed  on  Austria, 
as  shown  in  following  paragraphs,  give  assurance  that  those 
offored  Germany  will  not  prove  less  conclusive. 

There  are  one  or  two  interesting  deductions  to  be  made  fnwn 
the  President's  note  to  Germany  by  the  hand  of  Secretary 
Lansing.  The  first  is  that  the  United  States  and  the  Allies  are 
working  in  complete  harmony.  The  correspondence  should  allay 
the  fears  of  those  who  felt  that  the  German  notes  to  the  United 
States  were  partly,  if  not  primarily,  addressed  to  the  President 
in  tlie  hope  that  Germany  might  drive  a  wedge  between  the 
Americau  people  and  their  European  associates. 

The  second  deduction  is  that  in  any  great  controversial 
settlement  like  that  in  which  the  world  is  now  engaged  there 
must  be  consultation  and  combination  of  thought.  No  one  man 
in  even  a  simple  civilian  lawsuit  can  frame  tlie  terms  of  settle- 
ment ui  every  detail.  In  the  main,  our  £uroi)eaii  allies  have 
accepted  the  Fourteen  Points  of  the  President  as  their  pro- 
gramme, but  in  two  important  particulars  they  frankly  stat4> 
that  the  President's  language  has  been  vague — the  very  ])artic- 
ulars  which  were  questioned  last  week  by  Dr.  Odell  in  his  arti- 
cle in  The  Outlook,  and  which  many  patriotic  observers  have 
been   questioning   for  some  time.    Those  particulars  involve 

Digitized  by  y^:iyjyj^iC 


398 


THE   OUTLOOK 


13  NoTCBiki 


the  so-called  "  freedom  of  the  seas,"  which  was  referred  to  in 
the  second  of  the  President's  Fourteen  Points,  and  the  question 
of  indemnities  to  be  paid  by  Germany,  which  was  discussed 
in  jpoints  seven  and  eieht  of  the  Fourteen  Points.  It  will  be 
noticed  that  Mr.  Lansmg  reports  the  Versailles  Council,  in 
which  our  Government  has  an  equal  share,  as  saying  that  the 
President's  statement  with  regard  to  the  freedom  of  the  seas  "  is 
open  to  various  interpretations,  some  of  which  they  [the  Allies] 
could  not  accept."  The  Versailles  Coimcil  therefore  expressly 
reserves  to  the  Allies  the  right  to  interpret  the  phrase  "  freedom 
of  the  seas  "  after  the  peace  conference  b^ns.  In  this  declara- 
tion the  President  acquiesces  without  comment. 

The  second  comment  of  the  Versailles  Council  is  that  it  under- 
stands the  President  to  mean  by  his  points  seven  and  eight  that 
Germany  will  be  required  to  make  compensation  for  all  damages 
which  she  has  inflicted  by  her  unlawful  methods  of  warfare. 
This,  the  President  sajrs,  is  his  own  interpretation.  The  vague- 
ness in  these  two  important  clauses  of  the  Allied  programme, 
for  which  the  President  was  spokesman  in  his  Fourteen  Points, 
having  been  cleared  away,  and  the  President  having  now  made 
it  perfectly  plain  that  he  is  working  as  an  equal  partner  with 
our  Allies,  there  can  no  longer  be  any  occasion  for  the  anxieties 
of  those  who  have  feared  that  the  United  States  might  assume 
too  dictatorial  an  attitude  in  the  peace  conference. 


CONTINUED  VICTORY 

It  is  a  great  pleasure  that  one  may  record  that  in  the  week 
of  collapse  of  the  Central  Powers  the  Italians  occupied  Trent 
and  Udine,  took  enormous  numbers  of  .prisoners,  and  finally 
took  possession  of  Trieste,  which  has  so  long  been  the  goal  on 
which  Italian  ambitions  have  centered;  tl^t  the  Serbs  and 
the  French  pushed  forward'  and  reached  Belgrade,  Serbia's 
old  capital  (the  march  of  the  Serbs  [from  the  Salonika  line  to 
Belgrade  in  a  few  weeks  seems  like  a  military  procession  rather 
tlum  a  campaign) ;  that  on  the  western  line  tne  British  captured 
Valenciennes  (the  former  report  of  its  occupation  was  premature) ; 
and  that  our  American  forces  northwest  of  Verdun  cleared  the 
Argonne  Forest,  advanced  north  twenty  miles  to  Bnzanoy 
beyond,  and,  in  conjunction  with  the  French,  have  so  broken 
the  Grerman  pivotal  unes  east  of  Laon  and  the  Argonne  that, 
if  the  war  continues,  e^ctensive  retreat  must  be  imule  by  the 
Germans  in  this  section. 

Under  all  these  circumstances,  it  is  no  wonder  that  readers 
of  the  cable  despatches  look  every  morning  for  news  of  the 
Kaiser's  abdication.  The  Supreme  War  Council  at  Paris  has, 
as  above  stated,  offered  terms  to  Grermany  for  an  armistice. 
These  terms  should  be  equivalent  to  a  military  surrender. 
Undoubtedly  they  will  be  accompanied  by  demands  for  guar- 
antees of  such  a  nature  and  such  an  extent  as  to  m&ke  it 
physically  impossible  that  Germany  should  renew  the  war. 


AUSTRIA-HUNGARY   OUT  OF  THE  WAR 

A  message  from  the  British  Prime  Minister,  Mr.  Lloyd 
George,  telephoned  to  London  from  the  Supreme  Inter-AHied 
War  Council  at  Paris,  gave  the  world  on  November  3  the  news 
tliat  AustriflrHimgary  mui  agreed  to  the  terms  of  an  armistice 
dictated  by  the  AUies.  In  accordance  with  this  agreement  the 
fighting  between  Austria-Hungary  and  Italy  ceased  at  three 
o'clock  on  the  afternoon  of  Ik^nday,  November  4.  The  armi- 
stice was  signed  for  the  Allies  by  General  Diaz,  commander-in- 
chief  of  Italy's  armies.  The  terms  of  the  truce,  however,  were 
those  laid  down  at  Paris  by  the  Allies  jointly. 

In  a  statement  sent  out  from  Washington  on  November  4 
the  following  are  declared  to  be  the  chief  military  conditions  to 
which  Austria  has  subscribed : 

Total  demobilization   of   the  Austro-Hungrariam  army  and 
withdrawal  of  all  Austro-Hungarian  forces  on  tlie  western  front. 
Evacuation  of  all  invaded  territories  and,  in  addition,  evacua- 
tion of  Anstrian  territory  essentially  Italian  in  population,  such 
as  Tyrol  to  the  west  and  the  coastland  to  the  east. 

Dalmatia  and  other  territory  along  the  eastern  shore  of  the 
Adriatic  must  be  given  np. 

Free  use  of  aU  railways  by  the  Allies  and  right  to  occupy  any 
strategic  points  in  Austria. 

Deuvery  of  half  of  army  artillery  and  equipment  to  the  Alliea 


Complete  evacuation  of  all  Grerman  troops  from  Italian  and 
Balkan  fronts  and  from  Austria,  or  their  internment. 

Bepatriation  of  all  Allied  prisoners,  without  reciprocal  privi- 
lege as  to  Austrian  prisoners. 

Among  the  naval  conditions  are  included : 

The  surrender  of  three  battleships,  with  other  warships  in  pro- 
portion and  of  fifteen  modem  submarines,  while  all  other  naval 
craft  are  to  be  dismantled  at  Austrian  naval  f)a8es  under  the 
supervision  of  the  Allies ;  the  Allies  are  to  have  freedom  of 
navigation  on  the  Daimbe  and  other  territorial  waters  and  to 
take  over  forts  along  the  Danube ;  Austria  is  to  evacuate  aD 
Italian  coasts  and  forts,  and  the  Allies  are  to  take  over  all  the 
fortifications  at  Pola ;  all  naval  prisoners  are  to  be  repatriated 
bv  Austria,  but  the  Allies  are  to  retain  Austrian,  prisoners ;  tb« 
blockade  by  the  Allies  remains  in  force  and  Austrian  ships  aie 
liable  to  capture,  but  merchant  vessels  oi  the  Allies  may  not  be 
taken  by  Austria ;  there  must  be  no  destruction  of  materialu  or 
ships  before  evacuation  or  surrender. 

Germany  has  now  lost  every  ally ;  her  internal  conditioiisue 
deplorable  ;  Bavaria  is  giving  signs  of  uneasiness.  It  is  now  im- 
possible to  see  any  likelihood  of  Germany's  success  in  the  war; 
the  only  conceivable  move  which  suggests  itself  as  a  possible  kst 
and  despera,te  throw  of  the  dice  of  war  by  Germany  would  be  u 
attack  by  its  fleet  on  the  British  fleet,  and  its  chance  of  sncoess 
in  such  a  general  naval  engagement  is  small  indeed. 

Many  fear  a  tyrant ;  no  one  loves  a  tyrant.  Germany  hu 
had  servile  helpers ;  she  now  finds  that  they  have  no  desire  or 
power  to  aid  her  further  and  that  each  one  is  busy  only  in 
trying  to  save  its  own  wreckage. 


THE  BREAK-UP  OF  AUSTRIA-HUNGARY 

We  have  referred  on  the  previous  page  to  Austria-Hungv; 
as  affected  by  outside  events.  As  affected  by  inmde  evoits,  tl» 
week  ending  November  6  was  no  less  striking. 

The  resiQt  is  that  the  Dual  Empire  has  broken  up  into  the 
long-prophesied  independent  units — Czechoslovakia,  Rumui- 
Hungary;  Magyar-Hungary,  the  German  State  of  Austria,  ami 
Jugoslavia.  In  each  of  these  sections  an  independent  Parliaineat 
is  now  functioning. 

There  are  also  some  Soviets  active  in  the  Austro-Hungaiiu 
army,  but  these  Soviets,  it  should  be  noted,  are  not,  like  tbw 
in  Russia,   assemblages  of   "  Workmen's  and  Soldiers'  Dek- 

Sites,"  but  assembla^  oi  "  Workmen's,  Soldiers',  and  Citism 
el^ates."  The  distinction  is  vitaL 

As  to  the  influence  tending  towards  anarchy  on  the  part  d 
this  or  any  other  assemblage  in  the  former  Dual  £mpu«.  tk 
fears  of  many  observers  m^  not  prove  to  be  aa  well  grounded 
as  the^  were  in  the  case  of  Russia,  because  the  peoples  of  .W 
tria-Hun^fary  are  far  more  educated,  alert,  and  mdependest 
in  all  their  social  and  political  activities. 

The  most  striking  events  of  all  have  taken  place  at  Prague 
and  at  Budapest,  where  independence  seems  to  have  become  t 
reality.  The  Czechs  have  cut  the  railway  between  Berlin  and 
Vienna  where  it  passes  -through  Bohemia. 

The  new  Hungarian  Government  has  as  its  head  (Toast 
Michael  Karolyi,  whose  portrait  appears  on  another  ra^  ta 
President,  and  Count  Theodore  Batthyanyi  as  Foreign  Mimsttr. 
Hungary's  "  iron  man,"  Count  Steran  Tisza,  who  had  beea 
twice  Premier  and  who  had  been  popularly  r^;arded  as  cue  cl 
the  instigators  of  the  war  between  AustriarHungary  and  Serlxi. 
has  been  assassinated — not  an  unfitting  end  for  one  who  hid 
fought  so  many  duels,  one  of  them  with  Count  Michael  Karolji 
his  lifelong  and  bitter  opponent. 

The  movement  towards  establishing  a  republic  is  less  stroof 
in  Vienna  than  in  Prague  and  Budapest,  but  its  evidenoes  v 
sufficiently  striking  to  give  some  color  to  the  reports  tfasttlir 
Emperor  Charles  has  been  compelled  to  leave  Vienna  and  take 
refuge  in  his  country  place  at  (^odiillo  in  Hungary. 

THE  SURRENDER  OF  TURKEY 

The  total  collapse  of  the  Turkish  military  power  tlMW^ 
the  victories  of  General  Allenby,  General  Marshall,  and  G» 
eral  d'Esperey  made  a  humiliating  surrender  inevitable.  1^ 
collapse  is;  if  possible,  even  more  complete  than  that  of  Bu- 
garia.  A  Turkish  officer  was  received  by  Allied  representstiwr 


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918 


THE  OUTLOOK 


399 


0  the  island  of  Mudros,  terms  of  the  surrender  were  agreed 
ipon,  and  the  existence  of  an  armistice  was  made  public  on  No- 
ember  1.  So  far  as  any  possible  future  military  action  b 
oncemed,  the  armistice  is  really  a  list  of  concessions  which -make 
t  inconceivable  that  Turkey  should  re-enter  the  war.  The  inter- 
lational  and  political  future  of  Turkey  are  stiil  to  be  considered. 

The  principal  terms  accepted  by  Turkey  include :  The  open- 
ig  of  the  Dardanelles  and  the  Bosphorus,  and  the  occupation 
ty  the  Allies  of  the  forts  apon  these  straits ;  the  delivery  in 
^instantinople  of  all  Allied  prisoners  of  war  and  interned 
Armenians  to  the  Allies  unconditionally ;  the  immediate  demo- 
lilization  of  the  Turkish  army,  except  small  forces  needed  to 
ireserve  order  ;  the  surrender  of  all  war  vessels  in  waters  oecu- 
lied  by  Turkey ;  the  indication  by  Turkey  to  the  Allies  of  the 
lositions  of  all  mine  fields,  Turkey  to  assist  in  removing  mines 

1  required  ;  the  evacuation  of  northern  Persia  and  Transcau- 
asia  by  Turkish  forces ;  tihe  withdrawal  of  Turkish  troops  from 
jalicia  and  garrisons  from  outlying  places ;  the  removal  of  all 
i«rman  and  Austrian  forces  from  Turkish  territory ;  the  cessa- 
ion  of  all  relations  between  Turkey  and  the  Central  Powers  ; 
acilitiea  to  the  Allies  for  buying  coal,  oil,  and  other  materials. 
i(inor  ocmditions  enforce  these  provisions  and  lay  down  detaUed 
lirections  for  carrying  them  out 

In  accordance  with  this  agreement  hostilities  between  the 
Ulies  and  Turkey  ceased  on  noon  of  Thursday,  October  31, 
918.  Probably  before  these  words  are  read  the  Allied  fleet 
rill  be  at  Constantinople.  A  g^reat  force  of  mine  sweepers  is,  as 
re  write,  clearing  the  Dardanelles  of  mines.  This  is  a  work  of 
normous  difficulty  and  large  extent. 

It  will  be  noted  that  the  conditions  above  summarized,  while 
bey  do  not  specifically  state  that  Constantinople  is  to  come 
nder  the  military  power  of  the  Allies,  assume  it.  The  opening 
f  the  Black  Sea  to  the  Allies  is  an  obvious  consequence.  Here, 
owever,  there  is  a  possibility  of  resistance,  because  German 
aval  officers  are  in  command  of  the  warships  which  formerly 
elonged  to  Russia  and  were  seized  by  Germany.  This  fleet  is 
lid  to  contain  nine  or  ten  &irly  good  warships  and  numerous 
mall  craft.  It  has  three  ports  m  the  Black  Sea  as  bases — 
Odessa,  ^Sebastopol,  and  Nikolaiev.  If  the  fleet  does  not  sur- 
ftnder,  it  will  undoubtedly  be  overcome.  Then  the  Allies  will 
ave  open,  through  the  Black  Seaports,  possibilities  of  going  to 
lie  aid  of  Russia  which  must  not  be  neglected. 

The  future  of  southeastern  Europe  and  Asia  Minor  require 
tiat  Turkey*  now  reduced  to  military  impotence,  should  cease 
>  be,  as  it  long  has  been,  a  bloodthirsty  tyrant,  coercing,  op 
ressing,  and  at  times  slaughtering  subject  peoples.  Peace  m 
)»Ba&ans,  peace  in  Asia  Minor,  death  to  German  hopes  of 
mtinuotis  influence  from  Berlin  to  Bagdad,  aU  depend  on  the 
ght  solving  of  the  Turkish  question. 


possession  of  Alsace-Lorraine,  there  is  no  reason  why  one  of 
these  piracies  should  not  be  righted  as  well  as  the  other.  Third, 
Denmark  can  also  point  to  the  ract  that,  despite  the  expropriation 
of  land,  the  iinportation  of  many  Prussian  settlers,  and  the  in- 
troduction of  Germanized  schools,  Schleswig,  especiaUy  in  the 
north,  has  remained  Danish  in  language  and  in  spirit.  Prussia 
has  not  succeeded  better  in  assimilating  the  Danes  to  the  north 
than  she  has  the  Poles  to  the  east  and  the  French  to  the  west. 

Of  course  Denmark  would,  like  to  recover  Hoktein  as  well 
as  Schleswig.  But,  in  the  first  place,  Holstein  is  far  more  Ger- 
man than  is  Schleswig,  and,  in  the  second  place,  the  Kiel  Canal 
runs  through  the  province.  As  long  as  Germany  controls  this 
canal  the  Baltic  is  a  closed  sea.  It  would  be  an  open  sea.  The 
canal  should  be  neutralized  and  not  be  the  property  either  of 
Germany  or  Denmark.  Denmark  realizes  this,  and  is  not  only 
willing  but  would  be  glad  to  see  the  canal  internationalized.      j 

But  the  main  point  at  issue  is  to  right  a  wrong  which  has 
been  done  to  a  steadfast  Danish  population,  a  wrong  quite  as 
flagrant  as  that  done  to  the  people  of  Alsace-Lorraine  or  of 
Prussian  Poland. 


THE   LIBERTY  LOAN 

Having  paid  out  its  money  for  a  splendid  support  of  the 
Government  in  the  Fourth  Liberty  Lioua,  the  pubuo  has  put 
that  great  campaign  behind  it,  is  pressing  forwaid  to  new 
and  important  endeavors  connected  with  the  war,  and  has  now 
little  interest  in  the  Fourth  Liberty  Loan  except  as  an  achieve- 
ment well  done.  But  as  a  matter  of  record  it  should  be  stated 
that  the  proceeds  of  the  loan  have  now  been  authoritatively 
announced  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury.  The  six  billion 
dollar  loan  was  over-subscribed  by  nearly  a  billion  dollars,  or,  to 
speak  exactly,  |i866,416,300.  More  than  21,000,000  subscribers, 
it  is  estimated,  participated  in  the  loan,  which  constitutes  the 
greatest  pledge  yet  made  of  National  unity  in  prosecuting  the 
war.  There  were  some  4,500,000  subscribers  to  the  first  loan, 
about  9,600,000  to  the  second  loan,  and  some  18,300,000  to 
the  third  loan.  There  are  about  20,000,000  families  in  the 
United  States,  estimating  an  average  of  five  persons  to  a 
family,  so  that,  according  to  the  law  of  averages,  every  Amer- 
ican family  is  rejpresented  in  the  fourth  loan.  "A  particularly 
inspiring  part  of  the  campaign,"  said  Mr.  McAdoo  in  making 
his  announcement,  "was  the  subscription  of  the  men  in  the 
Army  of  more  than  |!75,000,000,  and  of  the  men  in  the  Navy 
of  more  than  $43,600,000.  Our  soldiers  and  sailors  have  shown 
that  they  are  not  only  willing  to  fight,  but  to  lend  to  the  limit 
of  their  means  to  back  their  Government."  As  President  Wil- 
son well  said,  this  is  a  "  people's  war,"  and  the  American  people 
are  more  and  more  recognizing  that  fact. 


ENMARK  SPEAKS 

Much  has  been  said  about  the  dums  of  Alsace-Lorraine 
iwards  a  reunion  with  France.  Littie  has  been  said  about  the 
aims  of  Schleswig  with  regard  to  a  reunion  with  Denmark, 
nd  yet  the  case  is  fairiy  analccous  to  that  of  Alsace-Lorraine. 
As  a  result  of  the  war  of  1864  l)etween  Prussia  and  Den- 
ark,  the  two  northern  duchies  oi  Schleswig  and  Holstein 
fre  taken  over,  respectively,  by  Prussia  and  Austria.  As  a 
suit  of  the  war  of  1866  between  Austria  and  Prussia,  Prussia 
ok  over  the  duchy  which  had  been  Austrian. 
The  Treaty  of  Prague,  which  ended  the  Prussian- Austrian 
'ar,  provided  that  "  the  populations  of  the  North  of  Schleswig 
'ho  are  entirely  Danish]  shall  be  i^in  united  with  Denmark 

the  event  of  their  expressing  a  desire  so  to  be  by  a  vote  freely 
en'ised."  That  vote  was  never  taken.  It  was  delayed  by  Prus- 
1  on  one  pretext  or  another,  and  in  1878,  with  Uie  assent  of 
ostria,  Prussia  abrogated  the  clause. 

Denmark  has  now  sent  a  note  to  Germany  demanding  that 
e  treaty  provision  be  carried  out.  Certamly  Denmarii  has 
oHen  tb«  right  moment.  First,  Germany  ia  more  powerless  to 
Dtest  than  she  has  been  for  a  long  time.  Second,  Denmark 
D  point  to  increasing  evidence  ofthe  desire  on  the  part  of 
iny  Germans  to  give  back  Alsace-Lorraine  to  France  if  by 

doing  they  may  obtain  peace.  Though  the  piracy  of  1864 
iMlato)  by  several  years  that  of  1871,  wlen  Germany  obtained 


THE  UNITED  WAR   WORK  CAMPAIGN 

'*  I  do  not  know  when  this  war  against  the  German  Empire 
will  come  to  an  end,  but  I  know  this,  tJhat  the  war  for  the  salva- 
tion of  young  American  manhood  has  only  just  b^un  and  that 
it  is  going  to  keep  up."  So  spoke  Secretary  of  War  Baker  on 
Sunday  night  of  last  week  to  an  audience  of  some  fifteen  thou- 
sand persons  representing  the  three  great  religions  groups — 
Protestants,  Catiiolics,  and  Jews — at  Madison  ^uare  Garden, 
New  York  City. 

Mr.  Baker  spoke  as  a  protac^nist  for  the  United  War  Work 
Campaign  to  raise  f  170,600,0W)  for  seven  welfare  agencies— the 
two  Y's  (the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  and  the  Y.  W.  C.  A.),  ^e  National 
Catholic  War  Council,  the  Jewish  Welfare  Board,  the  Salva^ 
tion  Army,  the  American  Library  Association,  and  the  War 
Camp  Community  Service. 

As  an  indication  of  what "  the  war  for  the  salvation  of  young 
American  manhood  "  means,  we  quote  from  a  letter  written  by 
a  Y.  M.  C.  A.  worker  at  the  front  We  note  from  it  that  our 
young  men  are  being  benefited  not  only  as  to  their  own  personal 
morale,  but  also  as  to  an  attitude  of  tolerance,  and  particu- 
larly to  a  healthy  shame  because  of  our  delay  in  entering  the 
war: 

Oyer  here  I  am  really  happier  than  I  have  ever  been  before. 
...  I  like  the  kind  of  reliKion  that  makes  a  nuui  like  other  men, 
nutkes  him  know  them  and  be  tolerant  of  them,  not  tolerant  of 
vice,  of  course,  but  of  men.   There  is  a  difference  between  siio 

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400  THE   OUTLOOK 

and  a  sinner.  ...  I  wish  men  would  not  "  cat  loose,"  but  when  without  primary  qualifications  for  such  a  post  of  responaibilitr. 

theydo  I  cannot  find  it  in  my  heart  to  shun  them.  The  "  Sun's  "  statement  is  as  follows : 

When  a  man  comes  over  here ....  he  sees  wooden-lesnred  men  xt      i^        f  •          x         <        i    •                                                   .„ 

and  deface<l  men  and  other  things  that  indicate  how  te?Sbly  the  Number  of  inspectors  of  explosives is 

countries  at  war  have  suffered.  TThen  there  rises  something  that  Bepubhcan  inspectors  of  explosives ( 

slaps  him  in  the  face.   It  is  this :    ^Vhy  under  heaven  dS  not  ?*""?*'™^""  ""JJ^"*""  °f  explosives      .     .     .     .     .     -    ■    ■    f 

America  function  more  readily  ?    Why  were  we  so  blind  to  what  Appointed  on  Democratic  recommendation  (probab  y)   .    .    4.S 

this  thing  means  ?   Why  did  we  get  so  rich  whUe  others  wei*  Democratic  State  and  county  comiuiteemen  appointed  .    .    10 

fightingfor  things  that  we  stand  for?  Possible  previous  experience  m  handhng  exj.los.ves    .     .    .     .^ 

^     ^  ^  ^     ^  No  information  as  to  experience 4 

The  Y.  W.  C.  A.,  relieving  the  wants  of  the  thousands  of         No  previous  exiierience  in  handling  explosives 41 

American  women  in  war  work  overseas  as  well  as  providing 
protection  and  recreation  for  the  1,500,000  women  engaged  on 

"  war  orders  "  at  home ;  the  National  Catholic  War  Council  and  THE  BROOKLYN  DISASTER 

the  Jewish  Welfare  Rmrd,  coordinating  Catholic  and  Jewish  jj  ^y  ^^ji  y^^  questioned  whether  the  killing  of  eightr- 

strength  in  similar  endeavors  to  those  of  the  "  Y  s  ;    the  Sal-  g^.^  persons  and  the  serious  injury  to  at  least  one  hundred  oth«?^ 

vation  Army,  ministenng  to  the  physical  and  spiritual  wants  „„   ^^  u^g  ^f  ^^  Brooklyn  Rapid  Transit  on  November  1 

of  the  men  at  the  front ;  the  American  Library  Association,  ^i^^^^  ]^  ^^^  a  calamity  or  a  crime.  Investigations  now  niulrt 

providing  reading  matter  for  every  American  soldier,  sailor,  ^ay  by  city  authorities  and  National  authorities  may  answer 

marine,  and  prisoner  of  war;  the  W  ar  Camp  Community  Ser-  ^^^  question.    If  the  answer  is  that  the  destruction  of  th«*r 

vice,  which  in  one  month  alone  last  summer,  at  one  of  the  six  ^^^  <,£  citizens   was  due  to  criminal  act  or  criminal  negli- 

hundred  communities  (and  it  operates  in  all  of  them)  adjacent  ggnoe,  unsparing  prosecution  and   punishment  should  follow, 

to  trainmg  camps  and  stations,  fed  over  three  thousand  men  at  whether  the  wrong  be  that  of  an  individual  or  of  a  corporatioD. 

Its  canteen,  while  the  same  number  slept  m  its  dormitories—  ^        jjj  „ot  ^  y^  possible  to  nm  a  train  c«  three  wooda. 

th^  are  organizations  of  which  Anaenca  feels  proud.  ^ars  in  Uie  center  and  steel  cars  at  either  end  at  Ugh  spew! 

In    some  quarters   the  auction  has   been  raised,  VV  ill  the  q^^,.  switches  and  aroimd   curves.     Nothing  is  more  certaiB 

campaiTOof  November  11-18  be  postponed  because  of  theinflu-  jj^  that  jf  gu^ij  ^  train  is  derailed  wholesale  slaughter  wiE 

enza  epidemic?    It  will  not.    The  epidemic  constitutes  a handi-  foUo^     jf  the  Public  Service  Commission's  rules  aUow  swb 

cap,  It  IS  true,  but  the  disadvantages  of  putting  off  the  camiiaim  trains  to  run  in  such  a  way,  instant  action  is  called  for.   If  tk 

outweigh  any  apparent  advantages  of  delay.  The  fact  that  the  ^^  j^  not  allow  this,  punishment  should  follow. 

Fourth  Liberty  Loan  Cami^ign,  the  most  stupendous  under-  gtill  more  obvious  is  the  indication  of  criminal  negligence  if 

taking  of  its  kind  in  history,  has  been  earned  through  to  sue  it  be  true— and  it  does  not  seem  to  be  denied— that  the  motor- 

cess  during  the  same  epidemic,  shows  what  can  be  done.  W  hile  ,„an  placed  in  charge  of  these  hundreds  of  lives  was  a  "  greca 

State  and  municipal  health  regulations  may  prevent  the  hold-  hand  '  and  that  he  was  a  train  despatcher  and  not  a  motorman. 

ing  of  mass-meetings  in  some  places,   experience  shows   tl»t  Xhe  taking  of  such  a  risk  as  the  running  of  a  fast  train  by»« 

from  the  small  informal  groups  many  of  the  most  prized  gifts  inexperienced  operator  should  not  be  conceivably  possible  even 

arefortficoming.                                  ,            .                 •  though  all  the  trains  on  the  road  were  to  stand  stilL 

The  feeling  that  the  war  may  end  soon  is  preventing  some  gut  the  question  of  responsibility  go^  even  further.  Tbr 

people  from  beine  influenced  by  the  pleas  to  give.  Those  people  reason  given  for  putting  an  inexperienced  man  in  chai^  of  ti*^ 

should  be  reminded  of  two  things :  First,  that  if  the  war  ends  train  is  that  many  of  the  employees  were  on  strike.    This  is  w* 

shortly,  the  year  or  two  years  required  for  the  period  of  re-  ^n  excuse,  and  it  is  very  doubtful  if  it  shifts  the  responsibilin. 

construction  and  to  bring  our  forces  back  will  be  a  period  Jt  jg  affirmed  that   the  strike  grew  out   of  a   refusal  of  tk 

when,    without  the  stimulus  of  fighting,  there  will  be  a  tend-  ©ompany  to  oliey  the  injunction   of  the  War   Labor  Bomi! 

ency  to  let  down  moral  standards.   Secondly,  they  should  know  to  I'cstore  certain  men  to  tlieir  positions.    These  men,  their  gym- 

that  the  organizations  above  mentioned  are  about  launching  a  pathizers  declare,  were  laid  off  solely  because  they  were  vmm 

great  educational  campaign  to  last  during  the  time  of  recon-  ^g^^  but  usually  under  the  pretense  of  another  reason. 

struction.  Some  two  thousand  professors  and  teachers  in  Amer-  The  wise  and  patriotic  agreement  reached  long  ago  for  ns 

ican   collies  and  schools  have  ab-eady  been  mobilized.    The  purposes  by  the  War  Labor   Board   and   the  labor  elemait 

British  and  French  universities  are  to  help  in  the  undertaking,  represented  by  Mr.  Gorapers  and  others  was  that  union  mrt 

At  least  $8,000,000  to  be  spent  for  text-books  and  books  of  should  not  stnke,  but  shoiUd  submit  their  grievances  to  JJie  W»r 

reference  for  the  coming  winter  alone  will  be  required.   As  no  Labor  Board.    On  the  other  hand,  corporations  were  not  to 

Srovision  has  been  made  for  this  educational  programme  in  the  «  j^y  off  "  men  solely  because  they  belonged  to  unions.    As  w 

170,500,000  asked  for  immediate  needs,  this  particular  plan  understand  it,  the  comiiany  familiarly  called  the  B.  R.  T.  i» 

affords  a  reason  why  there  should  be  a  large  over-subserip-  unwilling  that  its  employees  should  belong  to  unions,  and  wben- 

t***"'  ever  possible  has  got  rid  of  men  known  to  be  union  men.  V\f 

refram  from  expressing  an  opinion  as  to  the  facts  until  tk 

matter  has  been  investigated  by  the  War  Labor  Board. 

ANOTHER  CIVIL  SERVICE  STEP  BACKWARD  It  is  always  an  a<lvautage  for  a  man  or  a  corporation  diarj^i 

Last  week   The  Outlook  described  the   attempted   civil  with  wrong-doing  to  come  into  court  with  clean  hands.    It  * 

service  step  backward  as  noted  in  the  Census  Bill  now  before  impossible  in  this  case  to  foi^et  that  less  than  four  months  <f» 

Congress.  But  this  b  still  only  an  attempt.  the  District  Attorney  of  Kings  County  made  a  presentmnit 

A  real  step  backward — a  step  already  definitely  taken — is  before  the  Grand  Jurj'  of  that  county  condemning  in  scathiii^ 

described  by  the  New  York  "  Sun  "  in  its  criticisms  of  the  Act  language  the  treatment  of  employees  by  that   company,  *»' 

of  Congress  passed  in  1917  authorizing  the  creation  of  a  Fed-  especiaSy  denoimciug  the  conditions  and  treatment  of  wont* 

era!  Inspector  of  Explosives  in  every  State  and  the  President's  workers.    These  charges  were  described  in  The  Outlook  in  * 

astonishmg  appointments  thereunder.  issue  of  July  17  la.Ht.    No  indictment  was  asked  for  becsiw  •' 

According  to  the  Act  regulating  the  handling  of  explosives  the  lack  in  the  State  of  New  York  of  statutes  which  would  p^ 

during  the  period  of  the  war,  an  attempt   was  made  by  the  mit  an  indictment  on  the  facts,  but  the  (jrrand  Jury  characto- 

friends  of  Civil  Service  Reform  to  provide  that  the  inspectors  ized  the  treatment  of  the  women  as  lax  and  reprehensible, 
should  be  appointed  according  to  Civil  Service  rules,  thus  strik- 
ing out  the  prorision  in  the  bill  that  they  should  \ie  appointed 

without  regard  to  Civil  Service  requirements.    Unfortunately,  ^^^  ^^^  GERMANS   HUNS? 

the  attempt  was  unsuccessful.  Captain   Janies  Norinaii  Hall,  an   American    aviator  a 

The  result .  of  the  reactionary  course  of  Congress  and   the  France,  who  is  known  to  the  readers  of  The  OntJoiJc  by  to 

Pi-esident  is  seen  in  the  fact  that  to  the  office  of  Federal  In-  t>ontributions  to  our  columns  and  to  a  still  wider  circle  of  r^^i- 

spector  of  Explosives,  one  requiring  technical  knowledge,  expert  ers  by  his  interesting  narrative  "  High  Adventure,"  was  tab* 

skill,  and  special  experience,  we  find  the  appointees  practically  prisoner  last  suuimer,  and  writes  to  uie  editor  of  the  "  Athu)* 

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CARTOONS      OF      THE     WEEK 


Cassel  in  the  S tu-  I'uff^  LvrmiHj   World 


I'Copyrisbt.  1918.  l>v    riie  I'rc«s  I'liblisding  Co.  (The  New  York  Lvenfng  World> 

i  "^TOO  late: 

TUK   HOilF.NZOI.LEKX   CONKLAGHATION 


Harding  in  the  Brouklun  KagU 


MZ^^Tf^ 


■COME   IN,  THE   WIRE'S  FINE  I" 


l>llM>(i.\IAriC  KNTANliLKMENTs  TO  DE  AVOIDEn 


liariimj  in-iUe  Svw  Ytirk  Trilniht 


lliiiril  in  the  Pua»iny  Shuw  (London) 


yf    V        1 


7^70J^', 


.    ^.'™*  Wiir-Ofti.e  1  jiHy  Olfrk  :  "  Why  Hoes  Major  Danh  always  wear  »imr« 

111  tilt  offiic.  1  wiiiiiLr. 

""■ "'  "'""■•   "'"■■  simply  tn  Itwp  lii,  f„.t  from  f;illiiiK  "ff  the  .Inslt." 


•BIT  JVBT    IIKKORK   fHRISTMAS   TllKVUl     AK   li("ili     \>    IHM    c    \N    UK 
rilK    UOCllE    IKMIHI.I  M"-    IIAVK    A    CIlANliK    OK    IIKAI.'l 


•Iixk   mctinf  !!■.   Iciailfi)  Id  ilis^iiipoijii.  <I  >|i..ri>imnn :   "Ocli.   I    wnHnt  l>e 
(ItMiri  ln'iirt«'<l.  ^ir.  If  ye  r;mn;i  hit  tli'Mii.  yc'rr  s^idly  \vt>njC»7Priii^tlifir  liinifih'.'' 


Digitized  Dy 


402 


THE   OUTLOOK 


13  Novmlvr 


Monthly "  from  hin  prison  camp  a  letter  from  which  we  make 

this  extract : 

May  7.  I  was  taken  by  some  German  aviators  to  their  aero- 
drome and  had  lunch  with  them  before  I  was  sent  on  to  the  hos- 
pital. Some  of  them  spoke  English  and  some  of  them  French, 
so  that  there  was  no  dimculty  in  conversing.  ...  I  sat  beside 
the  fellow  whom  I  was  attacking  when  my  wing  broke.  I  was 
right "  on  his  taU,"  as  we  airmen  say,  when  the  accident  occurred, 
and  had  just  opened  fire.  Talking  over  the  combat  with  them  in 
their  pleasant  quarters,  I  was  heartUy  glad  that  my  afiEair  ended 
as  it  aid.  I  asked  them  to  tell  me  frankly  if  they  did  not  feel 
rather  bitterly  toward  me  as  one  of  an  enemy  patrol  which  had 
shot  down  a  comrade  of  theirs.  They  seemed  to  be  surprised 
that  we  had  any  suspicions  on  this  score.  We  had  had  "  a  fair 
fight  on  an  open  field."  Why  should  there  be  any  bitterness 
about  the  result  ?  One  of  them  said  to  me,  "  Hauptmann,  you'll 
find  that  we  Germans  are  enemies  of  a  country  in  war,  but  never 
of  the  individual."  My  experience  thus  far  leads  me  to  believe 
that  this  is  true.  There  nave  been  a  few  exceptions,  but  diey 
were  uneducated  common  soldiers. 

We  are  glad  to  give  space  in  our  columns  for  this  incident, 
written  by  one  whose  loyal  Americanism  no  one  can  doubt.  It 
is  in  striking  contrast  with  many,  perhaps  we  should  say  most, 
of  the  stories  which  have  reached  our  shores  from  the  German 
prison  camps.  The  explanation  may  be  in  part  that  there  is  a 
difference  m  Germany  between  the  treatment  accorded  to 
officers  and  that  accoraed  to  privates ;  in  part,  that  there  is  a 
difference,  and  a  very  great  difference,  between  the  treatment 
of  prisoners  in  different  camps ;  but  it  is  in  part  an  evidence 
that  all  Germans  are  not  Huns,  and  that,  although  inhumanity 
and  lawlessness  are  characteristic  vices  in  Germany,  they  are 
not  universaL 


SHALL   WE    PUNISH   GERMANY? 

GERMANY  is  beaten  to  her  knees. 
To  her  knees?  No! 
To  fan  upon  one's  knees  expresses  repentance,  oonfes- 
sion,  prayer  for  pardon.  And  Germany  is  not  repentuit,  does 
not  confess,  asks  no  pardon.  She  asks  only  for  a  respite  tluit  she 
may  have  an  opportunity  to  consider  whether  she  will  resume 
the  war  in  the  spring. 

But  she  is  defeated.  We  know  that  she  is  defeated.  Her 
allies  know  that  she  is  defeated.  She  herself  begins  to  suspect 
that  she  is  defeated.  And  now  that  she  beg^s  to  recognize  her 
defeat  and  yet  asks  no  forgiveness,  offers  no  reparation,  con- 
fesses no  wrong,  remains  the  same  cruel,  unrepentant  Hun,  our 
instincts  for  revenge  begin  to  assert  themselves.  They  incite  in 
us  the  desire  to  see  Germany  get  as  gfood  as  she  has  g;iven  ;  to 
see  her  cities  burned,  her  fields  laid  waste,  her  homes  made 
desolate ;  to  see  carried  into  Germany  the  fire  and  sword  which 
she  has  carried  into  Belgium  and  France.  We  begin  to  under- 
stand the  imprecatory  psalms  as  we  never  understood  them 
before.  We  wish  that  we  could  make  our  own  such  prayers  as 
these  of  the  ancient  psalmist : 

"  Happy  shall  he  be,  that  rewarded  thee  as  thou  hast  served  as." 
"  As  for  the  head  of  those  that  compass  me  about,  let  the  mis- 
chief of  their  own  lips  cover  them. 

"  Let  burning  coals  fall  upon  them ;  let  them  be  cast  into  the 
fire ;  into  deep  pits,  that  they  rise  not  up  again." 

Why  not  indulge  these  desires  ?  Why  not  offer  these  prsnrers? 

Because  we  are  living  in  the  twentieth  century  after  Christ 
and  the  writer  of  these  psalms  lived  in  the  sixth  century  before 
Christ.  To  desire  to  do  to  the  Germans  what  the  Germans  have 
done  to  their  neighbors  is  to  confess  ourselves  Germanized.  It  is 
to  permit  the  German  spirit  to  conquer  our  spirit  while  our 
armies  conquer  the  German  armies.  It  is  to  become  Huns. 

The  instinct  is  natural.  But  we  are  to  be  guided  by  our 
reason,  not  by  our  instincts.  We  are  to  be  governed  by  our 
conscience,  not  by  our  passions. 

The  German  nation  is  a  criminaL  It  ought  to  be  punished. 
It  will  be  punished.  But  it  does  not  follow  that  the  Allied 
nations  are  to  do  the  punishing. 

"  Vengeance  is  mine ;  I  will  repay,  saith  the  Lord."  That  was 
the  teaching  of  Paul,  a  great  religious  teacher  in  the  first  cen- 
tury. That  the  most  efficient  punishments  are  those  which 
nature  inflicts  was  the  teaching  of  Herbert  Spencer,  a  great 


non-religious  teacher  of  the  nineteenth  century.'  Their  phath 
ol(^y  was  different,  their  meaning  is  the  same.  Natural  ptuusli- 
ments  ai-e  divine  puubhments  ;  tor  God  works  through  natw. 

There  are  two  duties  laid  upon  the  Allies  in  this  hour :  (W, 
to  make  Germany  restore  the  property  she  has  stolei.  and  repsit 
the  evil  she  has  wrought,  in  so  far  as  reparation  is  possiDlr: 
the  other,  to  deprive  Germany  of  the  power  to  attempt  erw 
ttpan  the  crime  of  conquest.  In  compelling  reparation  it  u  tlip 
right,  if  not  the  duty,  of  the  Allies  to  enter  German  territorr 
and  see  to  it  that  tbe  burden  of  reparation  falls  most  heavily 
on  those  who  are  most  responsible  for  inciting  the  German 
nation  to  its  criminal  career. 

In  protecting  the  world  against  any  attempted  repetition  of 
the  crime,  it  is  the  right,  and  it  may  be  the  duty,  of  the  Allic* 
to  deprive  Germany  of  the  army  she  used  in  her  brigandage  on 
the  land  and  of  the  navy  she  prepared  for  her  piracy  on  thr 
seas. 

It  is  not  the  duly  of  the  Allies  to  punish  Germany,  hut  it  v 
the  duty  of  the  Allies  not  to  prevent  the  punishment  wbidi 
nature — that  is,  Gtxl — will  impose  upon  this  brigand  nation. 

She  has  lied  infamously,  irequentiy,  shamelessly ;  she  hw 
conspired  against  the  peace  of  nations  when  she  pretended  to 
be  uieir  friend ;  she  has  set  at  naught  international  kwg  to 
which  she  had  subscribed ;  and  she  has  broken  solemn  pronuKs 
without  hesitation  and  with  no  other  excuse  than  the  saying, 
"  Necessity  knows  no  law."  She  has  proved  that  she  cannot  k 
trusted.  Was  she  crazy  ?  then  she  must  be  put  in  a  strait-jackd 
Was  she  criminal  ?  then  she  must  be  put  in  handcnffii.  No 
reliance  should  be  placed  by  other  nations  upon  her  word  imiil 
a  new  Germany  has  proved  herself  entitied  to  the  orafidottt 
which  the  old  Germany  has  thrown  away. 

She  has  lost  her  right  to  a  place  in  the  family  of  natiott. 
Five  years  ago  she  was  a  companion ;  now  she  is  a  oonvictai 
oriminal.  We  do  not  welcome  back  into  equality  in  soeiet;  or 
government  the  man  whose  crimes  have  proved  him  unworth 
of  sadi  equality.  This  ocmvicted  criminal  should  not  beaUoirad 
any  {dace  in  tiie  council  diamber  when  the  civilized  natiab 
meet  to  determine  what  conditions  of  peace  they  will  aeeord  tv 
her.  If  she  does  not  consent  to  the  terms  they  eetabliah,  it 
must  be  made  to  submit  to  them. 

For  the  same  reason,  if  a  League  of  Nations  is  formed  to  pr» 
tect  the  world  from  a  recurrence  of  this  tragedy,  she  must  h»w 
no  place  in  that  League  until  the  league  which  now  exists  tai 
has  justified  its  existence  by  saving  civilization  from  the  Hvi 
is  satisfied  that  she  is  a  Him  no  longer.  An  unrepentant  *ai 
unreformed  criminal  ought  not  to  be  admitted  to  the  pofe 
councils  of  the  community  of  uaticms.  He  must  first  prove  k» 
new  character  by  his  new  life. 

No  League  of  Nations  ought  to  insist  on  a  removal  of  all 
economic  barriers  and  the  establishment  of  an  equality  of  tndr 
conditions  among  all  the  nations  consenting  to  the  peace.  ^ 
the  nation  has  no  right  to  compel  the  individual  citizen  to  Iv 
his  goods  of  a  neighbor  whom  he  distrasts,  so  a  I^eagoe  ■ 
Nations  has  no  right  to  compel  one  of  its  number  to  buy  go^ 
of  a  nation  which  it  distrusts.  Liberty  of  trade  must  not  H 
sacrificed  to  equality  of  trade.  There  must  be  a  democracy  i 
nations  as  well  as  a  democracy  in  the  nations,  and  eacii  luoi* 
must  remain  at  liberty  to  make  for  itself  its  own  trade  ooo^ 
tions.  For  a  considerable  time  to  come  the  label  *^  Made  > 
Germany  "  will  make  any  article  to  which  it  is  atta«died  tiliA 
This  is  one  part  of  the  penalty  which  nature  inflicts  upca  > 
trader,  whether  an  individual  or  a  nation,  who  has  been  f» 
victed  of  infamous  crime.  No'  League  of  Nations  ought  k 
attempt  to  annul  this  penalty. 

Germany  was  a  member  of  the  famUy  of  nations.  The  haJi 
which  constitute  the  nations  a  family  are  mutual  oonfidoi^ 
in  each  other's  integrity  and  mutual  regard  for  ea^  otba't 
rights  and  interests.  No  covenants  of  peace,  whether  open  4 
not,  can  be  a  substitute  for  this  spirit  of  intematioiuil  (^nmit^ 
Germany  has  rudely  broken  the  ties  which  imited  her  to  tkl 
family  of  nations.  No  one  but  herself  can  mend  the  bniitM 
bond.  She  was  a  citizen ;  she  is  an  outlaw ;  and  an  oatlaw 

>  "  Is  it  not  manifest  that  iw  *  ministers  and  interpreters  of  Nature  '  it  istW  tim 
tion  of  parents  to  see  that  their  children  liabitnally  ezperieno*  the  Uw  MM 
qiiences  of  their  conduct — the  material  reactions — neither  warding  them  tf  ' 
int«tisifyinKthem,  nor  nutting  artificial  consequences  in  place  of  them  *" — f" 
S|M-ucer,  ••  E.lueation.'   p.  178. 


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1918 


THE   OUTLOOK 


403 


must  remain  tintil  she  has  won  back  the  place  in  the  household 
which  on  the  first  of  An^nst,  1914,  she  chose  to  abandon.  The 
penalty  which  follows  is  inevitable.  The  Allies  need  do  notching 
to  inflict  it.  They  ought  to  do  nothing  to  prevent  its  infliction. 
Another  and  bitterer  penalty  she  must  suffer — one  impos- 
sible to  describe,  difficult  to  imag^e.  From  an  article  by  Philip 
Hemenway  Chadboum  in  the  November  '*  Atlantic  "  we  make 
two  extracts.  The  first  describes  an  experience  of  the  writer 
before  the  war.  He  was  a  temporary  guest  of  a  party  of  Ger^ 
man  explorers  in  Babylon.  One  of  his  hosts, 

speaking  with  slow  precision  and  punctuating  each  word  with 
a  tap  of  his  forefinger,  said, — "  Mark  my  word  !  The  next  time 
we  go  into  France  we  will  take  it  all,  all,  I  say,  to  the  Channel 
and  to  the  Mediterranean.  But  we  may  give  back  Paris,  per- 
haps, for  to  Germanize  it  would  spoil  it. . . .  Then  he  resumed, 
..."  Yes,  we  will  draw  a  circle  around  Paris,  and  keep  it  tout-li- 
falt  Parisienne — a  place  where  we  can  amuse  ourselves  when  our 
serious  work  is  done." 

The  second  experience  was  a  year  later ;  the  war  was  going 
on,  and  Mr.  Chadbonm  was  in  charge  of  the  feeding  of  the 
Fiench  civil  population  in  a  district  of  invaded  France.  His 
liost,  a  Grerman  count,  read  the  latest  note  from  President  Wil- 
son, a  protest  against  the  taking  of  American  lives  on  the  high 
seas ;  and,  more  than  a  protest,  "  it  contained  a  distinct  warn- 
ing." The  count, 

leveling  his  malevolent  eyes  upon  me,  a  g^est  and  a  for- 
eigner, . . .  said  in  a  ringing  voice, — "  Come  on,  America,  weak- 
ling number  seven ;  we  will  finish  you  up  in  two  months  I" 

Published  utterances  from  German  denprmen,  college  pro- 
fessors, captains  of  industry,  statesmen,  mifitary  leaders,  np  to 
the  Kaiser  himself,  give  abundant  evidence  that  these  two 
utterances  are  characteristic  of  the  German  spirit.  The  Amer- 
ican people  are  not  modest  nor  humble,  but  it  is  impossible  for 
an  American  to  picture  to  himself  so  colossal  a  self-conceit. 

The  President  in  one  of  his  past  utterances  has  expressed 
hope  for  a  victory  which  will  leave  no  sting  behind  it  The  day 
of  humiliation  when  Germany  lays  down  her  arms  at  the.  feet 
of  her  conqnerors,  once  so  despised,  will  leave  a  sting  which  no 
surgery  can  extract  and  no  opiate  can  relieve.  The  Allies 
should  follow  the  counsel  of  Herbert  Spencer — ^they  should 
attempt  neither  to  ward  it  off  nor  to  intensify  it,  and  need  not 
put  any  artificial  consequence  in  the  place  of  it. 

But  these  penalties  from  without  are  not  all.  There  is  certain 
to  be  a  political  revolution  in  Germany.  It  is  not  certiun  that 
it  will  be  a  bloodless  revolution.  It  does  not  seem  probable  that 
die  Socialists  of  Germany  will  imitate  the  Bolsheviki  of  Russia. 
But  five  years  ago  it  did  not  seem  probable  that  the  citizens  of 
Sermany  would  imitate  in  Belgium  and  France  the  deeds  of 
&.ttila.  Cruel  lawlessness  inspired  by  the  lips  of  Nietzsche  and 
('on  Treitsohke  has  fallen  on  Belgium  and  France  in  an  unpar- 
tlleled  campaign  of  robbery,  murder,  arson,  and  lust.  There  is 
10  assuranoe  that  it  may  not  fall  upon  the  disorganized  Empire 
>f  Germaay  in  a  like  ctuopaign  from  her  own  disillusioned  and 
mbittered  population.  Whether  it  does  or  not,  her  people  will 
at  "  the  bieoa  of  sorrow  "  and  "  drink  the  wine  of  staggering." 
3ut  it  is  not  for  us  to  prepare  the  bread  and  the  wine. 

WHAT    WE    EXPECT   OF.  THE    NEW 
CONGRESSMEN 

Before  this  issue  reaches  our  readers  the  election  will  have 
aken  place.  Loyalty  has  been  the  supreme  issue.  But  there 
n  certain  other  issues  and  teudencies  which,  though  subsidiary 
i>  the  supreme  issue  in  the  campaign,  now  confront  the  new 
lemhen  of  Congress  and  are  of  much  pertinence  and  impor- 
inoe.  We  wish  that  the  new  members  would  ask  themselves 
be  following  questions : 

(1)  Are  uiey  going  to  persist  in  the  old-fashioned  hodge- 
odge  extravagance  and  pork-barrel  system  of  accounting,  or 
n*  we  finally  to  have,  as  Great  Britain  has,  a  proper  budget 

(rHt<«m? 

(2)  Are  they  to  persist  in  the  absurd  franking  and  leave-to- 
rint  privilege  mrstem  by  which  siieeches  never  delivered  may 
e  printed  and  Ranked  to  the  constituents  for  campaign  use  ? 

(3)  Are  they  going  to  persist  in  the  present  imnecessarily 


large  number  of  Congressional  committees,  some  of  which  have 
littiie  Intimate  legismtive  Work  to  do,  and  which  reidly  exist 
only  for  the  purpose  of  making  places  for  as  many  Congress- 
men as  possible  on  committees? 

(4)  Are  they  going  to  persist  in  swamping  Congress  with 
personal  and  local  legislation  ?  Why  should  they  not  rather  try 
to  confine  the  attention  of  Congress  strictiy  to  matters  that  are 
in  scope  purely  National  ? 


THE   HUGHES   REPORT 

For  more  than  a  year  the  country  has  been  uneasy  about 
the  airplane  situation  in  the  War  Department.  Mr.  Baker, 
Secretary  of  War,  has  had  full  charge  of  the  building  and 
equipping  of  airplanes  for  war  purposes.  His  task  was  a 
gigantic  one,  and  to  support  him  Congress  made  gigantic  appro- 
priations. As  long  ago  as  last  January — to  be  exact,  in  the 
issue  of  January  16 — The  Outlook  reviewed  the  situation,  re- 
ported some  published  facts,  and  alluded  to  some  facts  that  had 
come  to  it  from  unimpeachable  sources,  with  the  following  com- 
ment: 

What  is  the  duty  of  the  Amei  ican  public,  whose  fighting  sons, 
brothers,  and  husbands  are  awaiting  the  weapons  with  which  to 
win  our  victory  ?  The  unpardonable  sin  is  indolence  and  lassi- 
tude, or  the  paralysis  of  official  red  tape  hidden  under  the  plea 
of  military  secrecy  ;  and  it  is  the  sin  of  the  public  if  it  permits 
inaction.  In  the  light  of  the  rifle  and  machine-gun  revelations, 
it  seems  necessary  that  the  public  should  demand  the  truUi  con- 
cerning our  airplane  situation. 

The  public  anxiety  finally  became  so  great  that  in  June  the 
President  appointed  ex-Justice  Hughes,  of  the  Supreme  Court, 
as  a  special  mvestigator  to  study  tlw  whole  subject  of  war  air- 
craft production  and  to  report  upon  it.  The  appointment  showed 
that  the  President  took  a  very  broad  and  patriotic  view  of  the 
necessities  of  the  case,  for  Mr.  Hughes  was  his  opponent  in' the 
last  Presidential  election. 

The  Hughes  report  has  now  been  made  public. 

It  should  be  said  in  the  first  place  that  the  report  is  a  long  and 
exhaustive  one,  covering  182  prmted  pages,  and  that  complete  and 
final  judgment  upon  its  findings  ought  to  be  reserved  until  it  is 
accessible  and  read  in  its  entirety.  But  enough  of  the  report  has 
been  published  verbatim  in  the  press  despatches  to  sustain  the 
findings  of  inefficiency,  bureaucratic  red  tape,  financial  extrava- 
l^ce  and  waste,  and  even  moral  turpitude  which  the  Senate 
mvestigation  of  last  August  brought  to  light. 

When  we  use  the  phrase  "  moral  turpitude  "  we  do  not  mean 
to  imply  that  Mr.  Hughes  has  charged  any  one  with  financial 
corruption  or  peculation ;  but  he  does  distinotiy  charge  Coloned 
E^lwiud  A.  Deeds  with  making  a  "  grossly  misleamng  state- 
ment "  regarding  the  achievements  of  the  Government  in  its 
production  of  airplanes,  and  of  maintaining  improper  relations 
with  business  concerns  and  business  associates  that  nad  a  finan- 
cial interest  in  manufacturing  airplanes!  Mr.  Hughes  recom- 
mends tiiat  Colonel  Deeds  be  tri^  by  court  martial  for  his 
conduct. 

Colonel  Deeds  was  apjpointed,  presumably  by  Secretary 
Baker,  as  Chief  of  the  Ejqaipment  Division  immediately  under 
the  authority  of  General  George  A.  Squier,  who  had  sole 
charge,  under  the  Secretary  of  \Yar,  of  aircraft  production. 
General  Squier  is  exonerated  from  all  criminal  or  moral  blame 
for  the  failures  in  the  great  work  of  which  he  was  the  head,  but 
his  "  competency  "  for  nis  post  is  questioned  bjr  Mr.  Hughes. 
Two  or  three  other  subordinate  officers  of  the  Aircraft  Produc- 
tion Department  are  accused  of  improper  relations  with  their 
former  business  interests.  Mr.  Henry  Ford  is  personally  charged 
with  laxity  in  his  treatment  of  enemy  aliens  and  pro-Grerman 
sympathizers  employed  in  his  plant.  "In  deference  to  Mr. 
Ford's  view,  those  in  direct  charge  of  production  who  were  alive 
to  the  situation  have  had  to  pursue  a  policy  of  constant  watch-  ■ 
fulness  and  supervision  instead  of  being  free  to  take  the  precau- 
tions which  the  exigency  demanded."  The  danger  of  such  laxity 
is  found  in  "  the  serious  risk  that  is  taken  in  permitting  men  of 
known  pro-German  sympathies,  whatever  their  citizenship,  to 
work  in  aircraft  plants  in  any  important  capacity." 

But  the  important  feature  of  Mr.  Hughes's  report  is  not 

Digitized  by  Vn^^^^V  IV^ 


404 


THE  OUTLOOK 


13  Novembo 


found  in  specific  charges  against  special  individuals,  but  in  the 
assertion,  or,  if  not  in  the  assertion,  in  the  implication,  that  the 
department  of  the  Government  responsible  for  the  quick  and 
efitective  production  of  fighting  airplanes  was  honeycombed  with 
inefficiency.  On  this  point  Mr.  Hughes  says : 

The  controlUnK  facts  and  the  conclosiona  in  relation  to  the 
matters  reviewed  nave  been  stated  nnder  appropriate  headii^. 
It  would  be  impossible  to  restate  them  in  a  oriei  summary,  llie 
defective  organization  of  tlie  work  of  aircraft  production  and  the 
serious  lack  of  competent  direction  of  that  work  by  the  i^sponsi- 
ble  officers  of  the  Signal  Corps,  to  which  the  delays  and  waste 
were  chiefly  due,  were  matters  for  administrative  correction 
through  unification  of  effort  under  competent  control.  The  pro- 
visions of  the  criminal  statutes  do  not  reach  inefficiency. 

It  is  not  within  the  province  of  this  report  to  make  recommen- 
dations with  respect  to  administrative  policy,  but  it  should  be  said 
that  under  the  direction  of  Mr.  Ryan  and  Mr.  Potter  there  has 
been  improvement  in  organization,  and  progress  has  been  made 
in  gradiying  measure. 

In  an  editorial  in  the  September  4  issue  of  The  Outlook  com- 
menting upon  the  Senate  aircraft  investigation  the  following 
opinion  was  stated : 

We  regret  to  have  to  say  that  the  country  will  hold  Secretary 
Baker  personally  responsible  for.  the  collapse  of  our  aircraft 
programme.  He  has  resisted  the  formation  of  a  single  depart- 
ment with  a  Cabinet  head.  The  President  ou^ht  not  to  permit 
this  resistance  any  longer.  As  Commander-in  Chief  of  the  Army 
and  Navy,  President  Wilson  is  entitled  to  the  profound  thanks 
of  this  country  for  his  remarkable  accomplishments  in  organiz- 
ing the  largest,  finest,  and  most  efficient  body  of  fighting  men 
that  any  republic  ha^  ever  sent  to  war.  By  using  the  same 
methods  in  producing  its  equipment  that  he  has  usM  in  organ- 
ing  this  Army  he  will  add  to  the  debt  of  gratitude  his  country 
already  owes  to  him.  We  wish  that  the  President  might  realize 
this  and  create  a  special  department  with  a  man  of  power  and 
authority  at  its  head.  This  is  the  only  effective  remedy  for  the 
War  Department's  present  failure  in  airplane  production. 

This  view  of  the  situation  is  confirmed,  it  seems  to  us,  by 
Mr.  Hughes's  judicial  and  impartial  report. 


CONCERNING  SOPHONJSBA  AND  THE 
PRACTICAL   LIFE 

They  .were  sitting  under  the  stars  discussing  the  problem — 
always  vexing,  but  in  a  world  in  ferment  baffling,  it  seemed, 
beyond  solution — of  just  keeping  alive ;  the  proUem  of  three 
meals  a  day  and  a  half-dozen  beds  to  make,  of  so  and  so  many 
rooms  to  keep  neat,  of  cooks  and  waitresses  and  washerwomen 
and  cows  and  vegetables  and  furnaces. 

The  Lady  Eremite  was  as  one  who  has  flung  herself  agiun 
and  again  in  vaui  against  an  impregnable  line  ofamie*!  men — 
undismayed,  but  considerably  bruised.  She  was  evidently  weary, 
for  words  came  slowly  and  sparsely  from  her ;  and  she  lay  back 
in  her  chair  with  a  detached  air  as  though  the  subdued  hum- 
ming of  many  insects  was  of  deeper  solace  to  her  at  the  moment 
than. any  arguments.  The  day's  work  was  over,  she  said  to  her- 
self ;  the  chudren — thank  the  Lord ! — had  put  in  their  last  call 
for  *'  a  dinka  water,"  and  were  asleep. 

The  Happy  Eremite,  observing  her  relaxed  form  in  the  dim 
light,  knitted  his  brqws,  conscious  of  a  pang  of  sharp  sympathy. 
He  had  no  words  to  offer  her  ;  he  himself  was  baffled.  In  other 
years  he  might  have  said,  "  We'll  have  another  servant,  and 
danm  the  expense ;"  but  nowjthere  were  no  such  thinjp  as  "  other 
servants  "  to  be  had,  and  they  were  spending  more  n)r  one  maid 
than  they  had  spent  for  two  a  few  years  ago.  Of  course  they 
might  shut  up  the  house  for  the  winter  and  move  into  some 
two-by-two  apartment  nearer  town,  where  maids  were  still 
to  be  had,  but  moving  was  an  endless  drain  on  the  treasury. 
.Altogether  the  problem  was  tough. 

He  said  so,  aloud. 

Sophonisba,  tall,  dark,  slender,  with  her  love  for  bright- 
colored,  flowing  garments  which,  when  she  stood  with  arms  out- 
stretched, made  her  look  for  all  the  world  like  some  glowing 
butterfly,  listened,  frowning  too,  but  quizzically  and  a  little 
impatiently.  She  wa-s  a  vivid,  brilliant  creature,  a  musician  and 
something  of  a  comjwser,  with  a  frank  coiiterairt  of  the  JIuuh- 


frmu.  type.  The  Lady  Eremite  shrank  a  little  more  deeply  into 
her  chair,  seeing  Sophonisba's  eyes  flashing  as  if  for  combat. 

"  Don't  you  both  take  housekeeping  too  seriously  ?"  asknl 
Sophonisba. 

"  Anything  that  takes  up  practically  nine-tenths  of  a  woman's 
energy,    said  tiie  Happy  Eremite,  "  is  a  serious  subject" 

'^  But  that's  exactly  the  trouble.  It  shouldn't  take  up  nine- 
tenths  of  any  woman  a  energy,"  cried  Sophonisba. 

"  Of  course  it  shouldn't,"  said  the  Lady  Eremite.  "  But  when 
the  only  help  yoti  can  get  does  half  work  for  double  pay,  I 
don't  see  what  you  are  going  to  do  about  it.  Elspecially  when 
the  work  that  is  done  is  not  done  very  well.  I  should  like  tn 
have  time  for  reading  and  time  to  brush  up  the  things  1  u.W 
to  play  on  the  piano  and  that  I  feel  are  slipping  away  trom  me. 
But  keeping  the  house  in  order  is  my  obvious  job,  and  I  have 
to  attend  to  it,  even  if  I  do  seem  to  grrow  stodgy  and  dull." 

"  Oh,  but  you're  not  growing  stodgy  or  dull,"  cried  Sophon- 
isba, quickly. 

'■'■  Oh,  yes,  I  am,"  said  the  Lady  Eremite,  quietly.  **  Don't  I 
know  it?" 

There  was  a  pause.    Sophonisba's  husband  tactfully  rater- 

Sised  with  a  query  as  to  the  potato  crop,  which  the  Happy 
remite,  with  his  mind  elsewhere,  answered  in  ten  words,  leav- 
ing the  silence  again  to  the  two  women.  Sophonisba  was  the 
one  who  broke  it. 

'*  I've  simply  made  up  my  mind  that  I  won't  be  a  slave,"  she 
exclaimed.  ^  I  can  do  certain  work  that  may  not  be  very  impor- 
tant to  the  world,  but  is  important  to  me.  It  is  atteriy  fooli<b 
for  me  to  bother  with  the  endless  details  of  housekeeping  whni 
I  can  spend  the  time  composing  or  learning  to  play  some  pifiy 
that  is  going  to  give  pleasure  to  other  people.  So  I  g^t  8ervaiit< 
I  can  trust,  and  then  I  trust  them,  and  devote  myself  to  thf 
things  that  really  count.  And  the  scheme  works.  It  really  dues. 
I  don't  have  any  trouble  at  alL" 

"  Theoretically,"  remarked  the  Happy  Eremite, "  the  scheme 
is  perfect.  But  perhaps  you  have  had  unusual  luck  with  your 
kitchen-mechanics." 

"  Bridget  is  wonderful,"  Sophonisba  admitted.  "  But  even  if 
I  had  a  slattern  in  the  kitchen  and  I  had  an  Idea  for  a  bit  d 
music,  why,  I'd  think  I  was  committing  a  sin  if  I  let  housekeep- 
ing interfere  with  it." 

"  But  some  one  has  to  do  the  work  1"  cried  the  Lady  Ereiuife. 
"  The  work  is  there.  It  has  to  be  done.  If  any  of  a"*  neg !«<* 
her  own  job,  sooner  or  later.the  work  falls,  in  one  way  or  another, 
as  an  extra  burden  on  some  one  else." 

"  But,  don't  you  see,"  answered  Sophonisba,  "  housekeeping 
isn't  my  job.  Making  music  is  ray  job.  I  pay  other  people  to 
do  nay  housekeeping  tor  me." 

"  Theoretically,"  repeat^  the  Happy  Eremite,  "  the  schenh-. 
as  I  remarked  nef ore,  is  perfect.  I  have  tried  it,  by  the  way.  I 
tried  it  on  my  farm.  I  wrote  a  lot  of  verse  and  plays  and  thin^ 
trusting  to  the  male  equivalent  of  your  Bridget  to  do  that  (on 
of  my  job  which  consists  in  keeping  my  family  supplied  nith 
milk,  eggs,  and  vegetables,  while  I  pursued  the  Elusive  Idea." 

"  Was  the  result  dreadful '?"  asked  Sophonisba. 

"  Rather,"  he  answered,  gravely.  "  You  see,  we  lost  a  lot  of 
money  which  we  ought  not  to  have  lost,  and  so  we  can  ktfp 
only  one  maid  at  the  present  rates  and  the  Lady  there  hai;  tn 
do  double  time." 

"  The  answer  to  that  is,"  Sophonisba  cried,  quickly,  "  thai 
your  male  equivalents  to  my  Bridget  were  unreliable." 

"  And  the  answer  to  that,"  the  Happy  Eremite  replie«l.  ^fi!! 
rather  seriously,  "  is  that  the  angels  in  heaven  have  to  he  look<J 
to  sharply,  I  have  no  doubt,  or  they  will  let  their  harps  get  oii* 
of  tune.'' 

All  this  was  in  midsummer.  Destiny,  which  plays  extiai<r 
dinary  tricks,  sent  Sophonisba  and  her  excellent  husband  iv  i 
pilgrimage  of  entertainment  through  the  American  cam]»  ^f 
Francre  in  the  early  autumn,  and  sent  into  the  Happy  i't<* 
mite's  head  the  notion  of  closing  his  rather  large  house  for  il'' 
winter  and  renting  Sophonisba's  attractive  cottage,  a  ni* 
nearer  the  village.  It  would  be  a  tight  squeeze  for  a  familj  " 
rainbimetious  children,  but  housekeeping  would  be  umplif>e<' 

The  Lady  P^reinite  made  a  brief  but  thorough  examinati* 
of  the  house.  "  I  thought  my  suspicions  of  Sophonisba's  Briilc^ 
were  pretty  well  based,"  she  said  to  the  Happy  Eremite.  **  ^  • 

Digitized  by  VJ^^^^V  IV^ 


1<>1« 


THE   OUTLOOK 


405 


might  stop  at  Mrs.  Washington's  and  ask  her  if  she'll  come  for 
two  or  three  days."  Mrs.  n  ashington  was  the  Negro  washer- 
Iwly. 

ma.  Washington  oonld  not  come.  She  had  a  wedding  in  the 
family.  Neither,  inquiry  proved,  ooidd  any  other  scrubwoman 
spare  the  time  for  so  menial  a  task  as  house-cleanine. 

••  Oh,  these  poor,  abused  creatures !"  cried  the  Happy  Ere- 
mite'. "  Give  me  two  pails  and  a  scrubbing-brush  and  1 11  clean 
that  house  myself." 

He  did.  It  took  him  a  solid  week.  Bridget's  conceptions  of 
rieanliness  had  been  hazy  uideed.  He  scrubbed  floors  and  wood- 
work ;  he  thrust  inquisitive  hands  behind  dressers  and  into  cor- 
ners long  uninvaded ;  he  worried  dust  which  had  evidently 
nf  ver  been  worried  before.  Once  or  twice  he  thought,  not  with- 
nnt  a  sense  of  panic,  of  an  article  or  two  which  he  shoidd  be 
writing,  since  they  were  already  overdue  ;  and  more  often  still 
he  ached  for  a  day  alone  in  his  study  to  conjure  into  shape  and 
niltstanoe  the  sonnet  that  was  blowing  like  some  vague  but 
pot«nt  spirit  through  his  being.  But  he  thrust  temptation  sternly 
behind  him.  And  on  the  sixth  day  he  looked  about  and  saw 
eveivthing  that  he  had  made  clean,  and  behold  it  was  very 
good. 

"  I  hope  that  Sophonisba's  ruthless  pursuit  of  the  Ideal  has, 
it  least,  been  sucoessfiU,"  he  remarked  that  night  to  the  Lady 
Eremite,  not  without  a  touch  of  grimness.  "  It  has  been  very, 
expensive." 

"  I  am  devoted  to  Sophonisba,"  mused  his  Lady  after  a  long 
pause.  "  She  is  a  fine,  daring  spirit,  and  we  should  all  be  poorer 
rithout  the  music  she  makes.  She  thinks  I  am  just  a  household 
Inulge,  but  perhaps  just  because  I  am  I  ne^  the  beautifid 
thinra  that  she  can  give.  But  I  believe  it  is  a  rule  of  the  game 
)f  life  that  we  shotud  all  of  us  carry  our  own  weight,  do  our 
>wn  chores.  No  amount  of  proof  that  some  of  us  are  fit  only  for 
[physical  labor  will  ever  convince  me  that  others  of  us  are  there- 
iore  divinely  exempt  from  it.  The  physical  work  is  there  to  be 
lone.  Either  with  our  own  hands,  or  with  our  brains,  directing 
>ther  hands,  we  must  do  it.  If  we  shirk,  the  burden  falls  tenfold 
m  others." 

'*  I  found  Madeleine's  tricycle  outdoors  this  morning,"  said 
he  Happy  Eremite.  "  There  was  a  heavy  dew  last  night  I 
oppose  it  would  have  taken  less  than  thirty  seconds  for  her  to 
liaw  it  into  the  garage.  It  took  me  fifteen  minutes  to  wipe  the 
iMt  off  it.  There  in  a  nutshell  is  the  whole  tragedy  of  the 
vtphonisbas  of  this  world.  A  scrubwoman,  under  Sophonisba's 
agle  eye,  would  have  cleaned  that  house  for  about  ten  dollars. 

Huppose  it  cost  me,  at  a  conservative  estimate,  about  a  hun- 
Ireil.'' 

"  A  reformer,  wondering  why  the  world  was  out  of  joint," 
rnised  his  Ijody, "  might  do  woi-se  than  pray  for  the  conversion 
f  all  Sophonisrms." 

"  True,"  said  the  Happy  Eremite,  softly.  "  True.  Especially 
be  Sophonisbas  in  his  own  heart." 


THE    FRIENDS    OF    OUR    FRIENDS 

One  of  the  accepted  disappointments  that  are  the  milestones 
I  our  adjustment  to  life  is  the  lost  hope  of  making  our  friends 
lye  each  other.  Honestly  scrutinized,  our  wish  to  have  two 
iends  join  hands  in  intimacy  is  not  so  clearly  commendable 
lat  we  are  justified  either  in  surprise  or  in  sensitiveness  when 
iir  efforts  faiL  One  of  two  motives  is  usually  discernible  in 
rging  two  friends  upon  eac^h  other — either  pride  in  exhibiting 
IMissession  or  pride  in  exercising  philanthropy.  Some  of  us 
m  never  keep  destiny's  best  gift,  a  friend,  to  ourselves  ;  we 
rlieve  that  we  have  <fiscovered  a  prize,  we  wish  other  {)eople 
>  applaud  our  diaoemment  and  to  accept  the  treasure  at  our 
diution. 

Our  other  motive,  the  pride  of  philanthropy,  is  even  more 
■ifptive.  We  decide  that  Charles  and  James  will  be  good  for 
K"h  other,  axid  forthwith  w«  presume  to  become  the  little  tin 
>il  who  shall  introduce  them.  Complacently  we  occupy  the 
rtiental  of  Providence.  But  who  can  prophesy  that  Charles  and 
uiieK  will  be  good  for  each  other  ?  It  is  a  matter  for  their 
Inker  only. 

It  is  nweasary  to  have  a  clear  comprehension  of  how  friends 


are  in  the  first  place  acquired  before  we  can  fully  examine  the 
methods  and  the  motives  for  mixing  them.  For  precision  we 
may  employ  algebraic  symbols :  Let  A  represent  the  original  per- 
son who  has  attracted  to  himself  out  of  all  the  universe  Old 
Friend  B  and  Newer  Friend  C.  A  is  not  content  to  exchange 
heart  hospitality  with  B  and  C  separately  ;  he  must  have  them 
meet  under  the  auspices  of  his  introduction.  Tet  the  infinite 
variety  of  reasons  why  B  and  C,  D  and  E,  and  all  the  alphabet 
of  friends  down  to  Z,  may  be  the  friends  of  A  are  most  unlikely 
to  be  the  same  reasons  that  should  bind  them  to  each  other. 
A's  introduction  of  each  to  each  is  coercion  and  no  hearts'  bond. 
Friendship  is  binding  only  as  it  is  the  fetter  freely  assumed  by 
the  free.  It  irks  us  if  the  chain  is  clamped  by  any  third  hand, 
however  well  loved. 

How  often  have  we  all  gone  through  the  ordeal  of  our 
friend's  introduction  to  his  fnend !  How  adroitly  A  elicits  our 
best  anecdote,  exhibits  some  endearing  prejudice,  goads  on  our 
enfeebled  conversation  I  A's  unwarranted  attempt  to  show  off 
B  and  C  is  akin  to  the  cruelty  that  sends  our  four-legged  friends 
to  a  dog  show.  The  blue  ribbon  is  scant  comfort  to  the  unhappy 
kennel ;  it  is  merely  a  prize  for  the  owner's  pride.  One  is  not 
willing  to  be  oi^e's  friend's  pet  poodle.  Nor  yet  is  one  ready  to 
be  any  man's  parcel  to  be  handed  to  another  man  to  be  opened 
without  one's  leave.  To  one's  chosen  friend  one  is  willing  to 
deliver  one's  self,  his  own  packi^e ;  but  let  him  invite  some  one 
else  to  untie  the  strings,  and,  being  human,  one  has  all  a  parcel's 
emotions. 

The  matter  is  still  more  deserving  of  protest  when  the  deli- 
cate manipulation  of  A's  introduction  suggests  hidden  reforma- 
tory intentions.  By  his  eingerly  shoving  each  upon  each  we — 
B  and  C — perceive  that  ne  thinks  we  need  each  other's  services, 
that  he  wishes  us  to  oi|^ize  a  tiny  society  for  mutual  improve- 
ment. But  in  friendship  we  desire  neither  to  better  nor  be 
bettered  ;  we  desire  to  enjoy  ourselves. 

As  matter  of  theory.  As  efforts  to  introduce  his  friends 
deserve  never  to  succeed ;  but,  as  matter  of  bust,  thef  do  actually 
sometimes  succeed  completely,  sometimes  partly,  as  oftener  they 
utterly  faiL  It  is  destructive  to  A's  friendship  with  either  to 
discover  that  B  and  C  are  more  congenial  with  each  other  than 
either  has  ever  been  with  him.  It  is  as  if  on  the  day  of  introduc- 
tion all  three,  A  and  B  and  C,  were  three  atomic  personalities 
sitting  each  on  his  point  of  a  triangular  acquaintance,  but  from 
the  day  of 'introduction  B  and  C  tended  to  approach  nearer,  and 
nearer,  until  at  last  A  perceives  them  completely  fused  and  to- 
gether withdrawing  utterly  from  him  out  into  space.  Of  all  the 
original  triangle  there  is  left  only  A  sitting  on  Us  desolate  little 
dot.  He  deserved  the  dot,  but  it's  lonesome,  as  all  of  us  know, 
for  we  have  all  at  some  time  sat  upon  it. 

Perhaps  half  success  in  making  friends  love  each  other  is  even 
more  permanently  awkward  than  complete  success.  Perhaps  B  - 
and  C  make  some  insincere  attempts  at  affection,  wholly  for 
A's  sake,  only  to  abandon  these  efforts  later  and  to  come  sneak- 
ing back  separately  to  his  hospitality,  making  but  airy  reference 
or  none  at  all  to  each  other's  existence.  Yet  when  B's  name  is 
dropped,  or  C's,  it  means  thenceforth  a  closed  door  in  con-  , 
versation,  and  when  the  essence  of  comradeship  is  the  glad 
possession  of  the  areas  of  another  soul  then  every  locked  gate 
IS  a  loss. 

But  there  is  a  still  sadder  issue  possible  for  the  effort  to  force 
one  friend  upon  another.  The  feelmg  of  B  and  C  for  each  other 
may  not  be  passive  endurance,  but  enmity  so  intense  as  in  the 
end  to  include  even  A.  B  may  argue  that  your  affection  for  so 
depraved  a  person  as  0  reveals  depravity  in  you,  and  C  may 
equally  distrust  you  for  your  culpable  fondness  for  B.  You 
yourself  may  find  it  impossible  to  forgive  either  for  the  failure  to 
appreciate  the  other.  The  end  of  the  matter  may  be  that  each 
little  atom  shall  go  stamping  off  in  his  own  direction,  all  three 
with  each  step  growing  more  hojielessly  sundered..  Yet  you. 
Friend  A,  deserve  the  fate  of  any  man  who  would  put  fetters 
on  friendship.  Only  by  freedom  oi  choice  among  atoms  to  com- 
bine with  whom  they  will  can  we  feel  our  human  dignity.  To 
myself  I  am  but  a  winking  dust-mote,  but  to  my  friend  a  wan- 
dering star  of  his  discovery.  Let  all  friendship  be  free,  for  there 
is  nothing  so  wind-tossed  and  weak  as  an  atom  that  goes  alone : 
there  is  nothing  so  lordly  as  two  atoms,  who,  locking  arms  and 
prancing  air,  go  forth  to  pass  judgment  on  the  universe  together. 

Digitized  by  VJ\^»^V  IV^ 


A  NEW  DECLARATION  OF  INDEPENDENCE 


BY  HERBERT  FRANCIS  SHERWOOD 


IT  was  not  a  chance  thoiu^ht  which  led  to  the  choice  of  the 
historic  Independence  Hall  in  the  City  of  Brotherly  Xiove 
for  the  promulgation  on  October  26  of  a  Declaration  of 
Independence  by  representatives  of  eighteen  subject  peoples  of 
Central  Europe.  This  dream  of  a  federation  of  freedom- 
living  nationalities  of  one  race,  the  Slav,  grew  out  of  contem- 
plation of  what  America  did  in  the  same  place  nearly  a 
century  and  a  half  ago. 

The  wife  of  Dr.  Thomas  G.  Masaryk,  President  of  the  Czecho- 
slovaks and  of  the  Mid-European  Union,  just  formed,  is  a 
Brooklyn  woman.  In  the  early  days  of  their  married  life  she 
helped  Dr.  Masaryk  to  become  acquainted  with  the  famous 
American  Declaration.  Since  then  the  Declaration  of  the  thir- 
teen colonies  has  been  one  of  the  guiding  influences  of  his  life 
and  ambitions. 

Some  ten  thousand  Bohemians  and  Slovaks  recently  thronged 
into  Carnegie  Hall,  New  York  City,  and  blocked  the  streets 
around  the  great  building  in  the  hope  of  seeing  and  hearing  him. 
A  report  came  across  the  seas  that  a  Czechoslovak  army  of  less 
than  one  hundred  thousand  men  had  practically  freed  Siberia 
from  the  misrule  of  the  Bolshevists  in  one  of  the  most  dramatic 
adventures  recorded  in  history.  What  is  the  significance  of  these 
connected  facts? 

The  various  facts  mentioned  are  connected  with  one  man  and 
incentives  and  means  furnished  br  America.  The  man  is 
Masaryk.  Who  is  Masaryk?  Very  tew  Americans  can  answer 
this  question.  It  may  be  briefly  stated  that  for  forty  years  he 
was  a  professor  in  the  University  of  Prague,  one  of  the  oldest 
and  b^t  institutions  of  higher  learning  in  Middle  Europe. 
Through  all  this  period  he  attracted  to  nis  classes  Slavs  from 
different  parts  of  the  Austro-Htmgarian  Empire,  Serbians, 
Croatians,  Slovenes,  and  Slovaks,  in  addition  to  the  Czechs  of 
his  own  country  of  Bohemia.  To  them  he  interpreted  ethics, 
philosophy,  democracy,  not  only  in  theory,  but  in  practice.  A 
native  of  a  coimtry  which  has  long  sought  self-^vemment,  a 
member  of  a  race  which  is  one  of  the  most  literate  on  the  &ce  of 
the  earth,  a  deep  and  careful  thinker,  a  student  of  current 
events,  acquainted  with  American  institutions  through  his  wife 
and  previous  visits  to  this  country,  and,  last  but  not  least,  a 
defender  of  righteous  causes  no  matter  how  unpopular,  at  IJie 
expense  of  time,  thought,  and  personal  fortune,  it  is  not  strange 
that  he  has  become  the  leader  of  his  people.  They  follow  him 
with  a  devotion  bom  of  experience  of  his  wise  leadership. 

Among  the  things  which  he  saw  to  be  essential  to  the  aocom- 
plishment  of  the  desires  of  his  people  were  a  realization  of  the 
significance  of  the  position  of  their  counti^  ge(^raphically, 
economically,  and  from  the  cultural  point  of  view.  Lying  be- 
tween Berlm  and  Vienna,  it  had  a  veto  power  upon  the  trans- 
portation system  joining  the  capitals  of  the  Central  Empires 
and  Germany  with  the  Orient.  Economically  and  culturally  it 
was  one  of  the  chief  countries  of  Mittel-Europa.  It  was  the  key 
to  the  arch  of  any  scheme  for  the  dismemberment  of  the  Dual 
Monarchy.  Masaryk  saw  that  the  destruction  of  the  mediaeval 
rule  of  the  Hapsburg  dynasty  was  a  first  essential  to  the  estab- 
lishment uf  a  n-ee  government  in  Bohemia. 

Bohemia  should  naturally  be  the  leader  in  such  a  movement. 
Masaryk  more  than  any  one  else  was  fitted  to  bring  into  being 
the  all-important  co-oi)eration  of  the  oppressed  peoples  of  Aus- 
tria-Hungary, largely  Slavs,  like  the  Czechs.  Acquainted  with 
the  principles  of  the  American  Declaration  of  Independence, 
he  sought  to  utilize  them  as  a  source  of  inspiration,  and  set 
about  fixe  co-ordination  of  the  objectives  of  the  oppressed  peo- 
ples. Working  tc^ether,  there  could  be  no  doubt  of  the  success 
of  the  effort  towara  the  dismemberment  of  the  Dual  Monarchy. 
The  leaders  of  the  different  racial  groups  realized  that  it  was 
the  old  Hapsburg  policy  of  sowing  suspicion  and  cultivating 
antagonisms  between  the  different  races  forming  the  Empire  that 
enabled  the  dynasty  to  maintain  its  grip  on  the  Government. 

There  was  another  imifying  force,  however,  greater  than  that 
exhibited  in  the  lower  house  of  the  Austrian  Parliament.  From 
all  of  the  Slav  countries  of  Austriar Hungary,  and  from  Serbia, 
Mont«negro,  Rumania,  and  Poland,  milBons  of  men  had  emi- 


grated to  America,  gathered  there  new  polittcal  ideas,  and 
transmitted  them  back  home  through  letters  or  carried  them 
back  themselves.  They  had  also  sent  much  money  honae.  Here 
was  a  common  gp-ound  of  opinion  upon  which  to  work  and  a 
similarity  of  ideas  upon  which  to  buUd. 

The  Congress  of  the  Oppressed  Peoples  of  the  Austro- 
Hungarian  Empire  held  in  Home  in  April  was  the  formal  recog- 
nition of  the  fact  that  for  the  first  time  in  the  history  of  the 
Hapsburg  patrimony  the  various  nations  gathered  under  the 
flags  of  the  Dual  Monarchy  were  co-operating  for  the  destruc- 
tion of  the  oppressing  power  and  the  firm  establishment  of  fr«c 
governments  based  on  the  desires  of  the  peoples.  Thia  spirit  of 
co-operation  and  the  completeness  of  the  programme  offered  at 
the  Congress  were  a  measure  of  the  life-work  of  Masaryk. 

In  order  to  make  the  accomplishment  of  their  aims  more  cer- 
tain the  sympathy  and  assistance  of  the  United  States  were 
desired.  The  millions  of  Czechoslovaks  in  this  oonntry  before 
the  war  had  formed  societies  for  the  cultural  development  of 
their  peoples.  Eleven  years  ago  the  Slovak  League  was  organ- 
ized for  the  purpose  of  stimulating  the  development  of  the  intel- 
lectual and  moral  qualities  of  the  Slovak  immigrants.  There  are 
now  more  than  two  hundred  branches.  Since  the  oatbreak  of 
the  war  the  League  has  actively  opposed  the  Teutonic  attack 
upon  Russia  and  Serbia,  the  two  Slavio  countries  which  thai 
had  independence.  It  urged  all  Slovaks  to  co-operate  with  the 
Entente  Allies  in  every  way  possible.  When  America  declared 
war  upon  Germany  and  upon  the  Dual  Monarchy,  their  former 
home,  all  American  citizens  of  Slovak  birth  were  encouraged  to 
enlist.  Following  the  decision  to  form  a  Czechoslovak  army  in 
France,  the  League  undertook  the  task  of  securing  enli8<anentr> 
among  those  not  eligible  for  the  American  Army. 

The  Czech  societies  have  als»  done  their  part.  They  are 
at  the  back  of  the  Bohemian  National  Conned.  Through  the 
machinery  which  these  provide,  the  Bohemians  of  this  country 
tw  stated  weekly  contributions  have  financed  the  work  of  the 
Czechoslovak  National  Council,  which  has  been  recognised  as 
the  Provisional  Government  of  free  "  Czechoslovakia."  They 
furnished  funds  for  the  use  of  Masaryk  in  Bohemia  and  in  the 
organization  of  the  Czechoslovak  troops  in  Russia.  They  have 
equipped  and  transported  thousands  of  Czechoslovaks  above  the 
draft  age  from  this  country  to  France  for  service  there  under 
the  command  of  Marshal  Foch.  A  part  of  the  last-mentioned 
work  was  the  establishment  of  a  temporary  camp  for  the  fntare 
soldiers  of  the  Czechoslovak  army  on  the  farm  of  Gutzon  Bot- 
glum,  at  Stamford,  Connecticut.  Representatives  of  the  Bohe- 
mian National  Council,  before  the  United  States  entered  the 
conflict,  made  clear  to  the  American  people  the  various  forms 
of  German  propaganda  carried  on  in  mis  country. 

So  we  see  as  potent  factors  in  the  great  world  strug^ 
between  the  principles  of  autocratic  and  democratic  govern- 
ment, among  those  ranged  on  the  side  of  self-government  * 
man  of  ideals  with  notions  of  independence,  a  highly  intelligent 
race  willing  to  die  for  the  right  to  govern  itself,  a  cohesive  bcdj 
of  immigrants  from  the  oppressed  peoples  of  Austria-Hungary  to 
America,  contributing  ideas  and  money  for  the  furtherance  of  the 
cause  of  democracy  in  Central  Europe.  In  proportion  to  nnm- 
bers,  tha  contribution  has  been  an  immense  one.  It  has  dejnoa- 
strated  the  tremendous  potency  of  ideals,  convictions,  and  inteJ 
ligence  in  the  face  of  brute  forced. 

The  reading  of  the  new  Declaration  while  the  newly  fashioned 
Liberty  Bell  pealed  above  him  was  the  crowning  act  of  Dr. 
Masaryk's  life.  To  him  more  than  to  any  other  man  is  due  the 
breaking  up  of  the  Empire  of  the  Hapsburgs. 

[The  Philadelphia  Declaration  annoimoes  the  following  gm- 
era!  principles  among  others : 

(1)  That  all  govemraents  derive  their  just  power  from  tfar 
consent  of  the  governed. 

(2)  That  it  is  the  inalienable  right  of  their  peoples  to  organise 
their  own  government  on  siich  principles  and  in  such  form  as  the\ 
believe  will  best  promote  their  welfare,  safety,  and  happiness. 

(3)  That  there  should  be  no  secret  diplomacy,  and  that  all 

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THE   OUTLOOK 


407 


iirouosed  treaties  and  agreements  between  nations  should   be 

iiutde  poblic  prior  to  their  adoption  and  ratification. 
(4)  ^lat  there  ynil  be  formed  a  League  of  Nations  of  the 

vorki   in  a  common    and    binding    agreement    for   practical 

cooperation    to   secure    justice    and    Uierefore    peace    among 

nations. 

These  general  principles  had  already  been  specifically  applied  - 
n  the  formal  Declaration  issued  by  the  National  Czechoslovak 
]oimdl  on  October  18,  at  Paris,  and  also  at  Washington. 
rhig  Conncil  sits  at  Paris.  On  September  3  the  American  and 
Sritish  Governments  recognized  it  as  the  de  facta  Czechoslovak 
jroveniment,  a  recc^nition  since  confirmed  by  France  and 
taly. 

"nie  Czechoslovak  Government  is  constituted  as  follows :  Dr. 
tlasaryk,  President;  Dr.  E^dward  Benes,  Foreign  Minister; 
md  General  Milan  Stefanik,  Minister  of  National  Defense, 
fhese  officials  signed  the  Declaration.  After  stating  that 
Czechoslovakia  had  been  an  independent  state  as  far  back 
s  the  seventh  century,  and  that  in  1626,  as  an  independent 
tate  consisting  of  Bohemia,  Moravia,  and  Silesia,  it  joined  with 
lustria  and  Hungary  in  a  defensive  union  against  the  Turkish 
anger,  and  that  in  this  confederation  it  had  never  voluntarily 
orrendered  its   rights   as  an  independent  state,  it  proceeds 

0  demand  the  right  of  Bohemia  to  be  reunited  with  her  Slovak 
irethren  of  Slovakia,  "  once  part  of  our  national  state,  later 
om  from  our  national  body  and  fifty  years  ago  incoiporated 

1  the  Hungarian  State  of  the  "Magyars."  The  Declaration 
dds :  "  Our  nation  elected  the  Hapsbtu^  to  the  throne  of 
tohemia  of  its  own  free  will,  and  by  the  same  right  deposes 
hem."  Furthermore: 

We,  the  nation  of  Comenius,  cannot  but  accept  the  prin- 
ciples expressed  in  the  American  Declaration  of  Independ- 
ence. For  these  principles  our  nation  shed  its  blood  in  the  mem- 
orable Hussite  wars  five  hundred  years  ago ;  for  these  our  nation 


is  shedding  its  blood  to-day  beside  her  allies  in  Russia,  Italy, 
and  France. 

Finally  this  Declaration  proclaims,  among  other  things,  the 
foUowing : 

The  Czechoslovak  nation  shall  be  a  Republic  .  .  .  It  shall 
guarantee  complete  freedom  of  conscience,  religion,  science, 
fiterature  and  art,  speech,  the  press,  and  the  right  of  assembly 
and  petition.  The  Church  shall  Be  separate  from  the  State.  Our 
democracy  shall  rest  on  universal  suffrage.  Women  shall  be 
placed  on  an  equal  footing  with  men,  politically,  sociaUv,  and 
culturally.  The  rights  of  uie  minority  shall  be  safegnaraed  by 
proportional  representation.  National  minorities  uiall  enjoy 
-  equal  rights.  Tne  government  shall  be  parliamentary  in  form 
and  shaU  recognize  the  principles  of  initiative  and  referendum. 

The  Declaration  of  October  18  is  not  a  constitution,  but  it  fore- 
shadows what  the  final  Constitution  of  Czechoslovakia  will  be. 
One  reason  why  it  has  been  put  out  at  this  time  is  to  meet  ihe 
argument  from  the  friends  of  the  Dual  Empire  as  it  has  existed 
for  federalization.  The  Czechoslovaks  do  not  believe  that  any 
proposal  for  autonomous  federalization  can  mean  anything  if 
the  Austro-Hunrarian  Empire  is  still  to  be  ruled  by  a  Haps- 
burg  dynasty.  The  Czechoslovaks  declare  that  "no  people 
should  be  forced  to  live  imder  a  sovereignty  they  do  not  reco|;- 
nize."  In  especial,  iihey  confirm  their  conviction  that  their 
nation  cannot  freely  develop  under,  a  Hapsburg  mock  federa- 
tion which  would  be  only  a  new  form  of  the  denationaliziug 
oppression  under  which  they  have  suffered  for  the  last  three 
hundred  years. 

Freedom  is  the  first  requisite  for  federalization,  the  Czecho- 
slovaks assert.  When  this  is  attained,  nations  may  easily  fed- 
erate should  they  find  it  necessary. 

In  our  opinion,  the  two  Czechoslovak  Declarations  of  October 
18  and  October  26  constitute  an  inspiring  appeal  to  all 
friends  of  freedom. — The  Editobs.] 


THE  AMERICAN  SOLDIER'S  FIBER 


rlE  other  nigkt,  at  a  well-known  New  York  City  club, 
Raymond  Fosdick  declared,  from  his  experience  in  France, 
that  the  spirit  of  the  men  at  the  front  is  a  thing  quite 
part  from  their  mere  physical  efficiency,  and  that  to  keep  this 
)irit  right  they  need  rational  environment. 

They  liave  not  always  had  it — indeed,  only  within  the  past 
ar,  asserted  Mr.  Fosdick,  had  certain  old-time  officers  been 
wverted  from  their  opinion  that  no  women  should  be  about 
le  camps.  Tke  Hostess  Houses,  operated  by  the  Y.  W.  C.  A., 
ive  done  the  converting.  ' 

Life  for  the  soldiers  and  sailors  lAust  be  "more  rationalized, 
idared  Mr.  Fosdick.  For  instance,  a  soldier  or  a  sailor  very 
Icely  comes  from  a  home  where  he  always  finds  a  book  on  the 
lelf.  One  of  the  rationalizing  influences  adopted  by  the  Amer- 
ui  Library  Association  ha.s  been  to  provide  a  book  for  each 
Idier  and  sailor,  and  to  establish  libraries,  not  only  in  every 
imp  and  training  station,  but  in  every  barracks  and  ship, 
be  result  is  already  evident,  affirms  Mr.  Fosdick  ;  the  habit 

reading  is  being  aeveloped,  and  how  much  this  means  is  the 
ore  striking  when  we  remember  that  in  a  few  camps  some 
en  cannot  read  and  write — in  some  detachments  from  Massa^ 
losetts  there  were  even  whole  companies  of  foreign-bom  who 
old  hardly  understand  the  language  of  their  officers.  The 
xigTamme  of  education  in  the  army,  said  Mr.  Fosdick,  does 
it  mean  books  only.  It  means  theaters  and  moving  pictures. 

means  dramatic  coaches  to  show,  the  men  how  to  put  on  a 
instrel  performance  of  their  own.  It  means  athletic  coaches 
id  boxing  coaches.  "  It  is  not  known,  as  it  should  be,"  re- 
ftrked  Mr.  Fosdick,  "  that  boxing  is  intimately  connected  with 
yraiet  figfatiiig.  We  want  every  soldier  to  be  a  boxer.  Indeed, 
p  whole  work  of  morale  is  to  turn  out  aggressive  fighting 
en.  They  may  not  all  have  the  fighting  temperament  at  first, 
it  boxing  Bfives  it."  Then  there  is  the  song  coach.  "  The  effect 
Hong  on  we  spirit  of  the  men  is  electric, '  said  Mr.  Fosdick. 
VI<>n  who  can  sing  are  men  who  can  fight.  Americans  do  not 
U  into  song  in  the  easy  and  spontaneous  way  the  Fi-ench  and 
ermans  do,  but  they  are  improving." 
As  to  temptations,  especially  the  so-<>alled  "  social  evil,"  Mr. 


Fosdick  reminded  his  auditors  that  on  the  Mexican  border  in 
1913  a  third  of  our  men  in  some  regiments  were  diseased.  Less 
than  on«  per  cent  are  now,  he  asserted.  The  environment  of 
soldiers  and  sailors  is  being  made  just  as  wholesome  as,  if  not 
more  wholesome  than,  the  environment  they  had  in  their  own 
home  towns.  The  work  of  the  seven  welfare  agencies,  supple- 
menting the  Government  policing,  has  shown  that  it  is  perfectly 
possible  to  clean  up  any  place  in  this  country  and  keep  it  clean. 
The  result  of  all  is  that  the  American  has  become  a  clean,  strong 
fighter. 

The  quality  of  his  character  was  shown  the  other  day,  said 
Mr.  Fosdick,  when  a  Y.  M.  C.  A.  secretary  distributed  little 
slips  of  paper  on  which  he  asked  the  hundreds  of  men  before 
him  each  to  write  his  idea  of  what  the  three  cardinal  sins  were. 
When  the  papers  came  back,  they  contained  two  surprises.  The 
answer  as  to  the  first  sin  was  expected.  Its  expression  was 
unanimous.  The  sin  was  cowardice.  But  the  answers  to  the 
other  two  were  not  so  confidently  expected.  The  seoond  sin  was 
not  given  unanimously,  but  almost  unanimously.  It  was  selfish- 
ness. And  the  answer  to  the  third  was  big-headedness — a  new 
corporal  or  a  new  sergeant  or  a  new  any-kind-of-an-offioer  b 
apt  to  suffer  from  the  "  big-head "  and  put  on  airs.  He  had 
better  not,  warned  Mr.  Fosmck,  for  the  critics  are  all  about 
him,  and  his  influence  goes  down  proportionately  to  the  kind  of 
airs  he  puts  on.  As  to  selfishness,  if  there  is  one  thing  more 
than  another  this  war  has  taught,  he  added,  it  is  the  lesson  that 
the  individual  must  be  suborainated  for  the  good  of  the  whole. 

Many,  perhaps  most,  of  our  soldiers  go  abroad  as  individual- 
ists; they  come  back  with  another  idea.  It  was  recently  shown 
in  a  ruined  building  near  Montdidier,  where  some  of  our  troops 
were  billeted  together  with  Mr.Fosdick.  Hidden  inadark  comer 
of  the  building  was  a  French  family  of  refugees — cold  and 
starving ;  and  there  was  a  little  dead  unburied  l^by  there,  too. 
The  biUeted  Americans  were  a  rough  lot,  but  the  first  thing 
they  did  was  to  provide  enough  bread  and  potatoes  to  keep  that 
family  going  aiul  to  get  a  coffin  for  the  baby.  Ultimately,  they 
providwl  for  the  family  for  the  whole  winter.  And  not  only  that. 
A  day  or  two  after  their  billeting,  they  saw  some  women  strug- 


408 


THE   OUTLOOK 


gling  to  get  in  some  scanty  crops.  The  Gommanding  officer 
called  for  volunteers  to  go  and  help.  The  whole  company  volun- 
teered ;  the  next  day  a  whole  regiment  volunteered  to  get  in 
other  crops.  The  following  day  three  regiments  volunteered  for 
the  crops  for  the  whole  region.  All  the  «rops  were  gathered. 
Then  the  soldiers  set  themselves  to  chopping  wood  and  supply- 
ing the  people  for  the  winter.    Whenever  "^c«  Aniirtcains" 


are  mentioned  in  that  region  tears  of  gratitude  come  quickly  to 
every  Frenchman's  and  Frenchwoman's  eyes,  Mr.  Foediok  re- 
marked, and  for  a  moment  nothing  is  said.  The  French  M 
that  no  language  is  eloquent  enough  to  express  their  sentiments 
with  regard  to  American  soldiers. 

Think  of  the  privilege  of  backing  up  that  kind  of  soldier  as 
the  seven  welfare  agencies  are  doing ! 


THE  GREAT  DIVIDE 


Some  of  the  rirls  of  the  Washington  Irving  Hieh  School,  of  New  York  City,  under  the  direction  of  their  civics  teacher,  recently  worke<l 
out  a  contrast  between  American  and  German  ideals.  Their  source  material  consisted  of  :  (1)  "  Conquest  and  Kultur,"  published  by  the 
Committee  on  Public  Information  of  the  United  States  Government ;  (2)  Leaflets  of  the  Patriotism  through  Education  Series  of  the 
National  Security  League,  New  York  City ;  and  (3)  whatever  collections  of  quotations  and  speeches  they  coold  find  in  their  school  »n.l 
neighborhood  libraries.  A  few  of  the  most  striking  contrasts  follow. — The  Editors. 


GERMANY 


THE  UNITED  STATES 


GOVERNMENT 


The  unity  of  Germany  is  to  be 
brought  about,  not  by  speeches 
nor  by  votes  of  majorities,  but 
by  blood  and  iron. 

-Bismarck. 


crown 


We  Hohenzollems  take  our 
from  God  alone.  Who 
opposes  me  I  shall  crush. 

He  who  listens  to*  public 
opinion  runs  a  danger  of  in- 
flicting immense  harm  on  the 
state.    — Kaiser  Wilhelm  II. 


This  Goveniment,  the  off- 
spring of  our  own  choice,  im- 
influenced  and  nnawed,  adopted 
upon  full  investigation  and 
mature  deliberation,  completely 
free  in  its  principles,  m  the 
distribution  of  its  powers, 
uniting  security  with  enerey, 
and  containing  within  itself  a 
provision  for  its  own  amend- 
ment, has  a  just  claim  to  your 
confidence  and  support. 

— George  WashingUm. 

'It  is  for  us,  the  living,  to 
be  here  dedicated  to  the  great 
task  remaining  before  us ;  that 
government  oi  the  people,  by 
the  people,  and  for  the  people 
shall  not  perish  from  the  earth. 
— Abraham  Lincoln. 


FOREIGN   RELATIONS 


Above  all,  uphold  the  follow- 
ing maxim:  To  despoil  your 
neighbors  is  to  deprive  them 
of  the  means  of  injuring  you. 
— Nietzsche  (f). 


All  treaties  are  concluded  on 
the  tacit  understanding  ''  until 
conditions  change." 

— Treitschke. 


The  same  standards  of  con- 
duct and  of  responsibility  for 
wrongs  done  shall  be  observed 
among  nations  and  their  gov- 
ernments that  are  observed 
among  the  individual  citizens 
of  civilized  states. 

—  Woodrow  Wilson. 

Observe  good  faith  and  jus- 
tice toward  all  nations,  culti- 
vate peace  and  harmony  with 
all.        — George  Washington. 


SMALL   NATIONS 


Little  states  have  lost  their 
right  to  exist.  For  only  that 
state  can  make  a  claim  to  in- 
dependence which  can  make  it 
good,  sword  in  hand. 

— Daniel  Frymann,  19H. 


We  deem  the  independence 
and  equal  rights  of  the  small- 
est and  weakest  member  of  the 
family  of  nations  entitled  to  as 
much  respect  as  those  of  the 
greatest  empire. 

—Elihu  Root,  1908. 


MIGHT  AND   RIGHT 


God  is  always  on  the  side  of 
the  strongest  battalions. 
— Prince  Leopold  of  Dessau. 


Let  us  have  faith  that  right 
makes  m^ht,  and  in  that  faith 
let  us  to  &e  end  dare  to  do  our 
duty  as  we  understand  it. 

— Abraham  Lincoln. 


WAR 

Oh,  if  we  could  only  have 
another  war  soon : 

— General  voti  der  Golts. 


War  is  hell. 

— Getwnil  Sherman. 

Let  us  have  iw-ace. 

— (xencrid  Grunt. 


GERMANY 


THE  UNITED  STATES 


PEACE 


Ye  shall  love  peace  as  a  means 
to  new  wars  and  the  short  peace 
better  than  the  long. 

— Nietiesche. 


We  wish  peace,  but  we  wish 
the  peace  of  justice,  the  peaw 
of  righteousness.  We  wish  it 
because  we  think  it  is  right  and 
not  because  we  are  afraid. 
— Theodore  Roosevelt. 


FAME 


By  the  blessing  of  God  may 
our  country  itself  become  a 
vast  and  splendid  monufflent. 
not  of  oppression  and  terror, 
but  of  wisdom,  of  peace,  and  of 
liberty,  upon  which  the  world 
may  gaze  with  admiration  for- 
ever. — Daniel  Webster. 


When  you  meet  the  foe,  you 
will  defeat  him.  No  o|uartor 
will  be  given ;  no  prisoners 
will  betaken.  Just  as  the  Huns 
a  thousand  years  ago  under 
the  leadership  of  Atma  gained 
a  reputation  in  virtue  of  which 
they  still  live  in  historical 
traditions,  so  may  the  name 
of  Germany  become  known  in 
such  a  manner  in  China  that 
no  Chinaman  will  ever  dare  to 
look  askance  at  a  German. 
May  the  blessing  of  God  at- 
tend your  flags ! 

— Kaiser  JVilhelin  II  to  his 
soldiers  as  they  were  leaving  for 
Chimi. 

THE   FOE 

Leave  to  the  conquered  but         With  malice  toward  noiu'. 
their  eyes  to  weep  with.'  with  charity  for  all,  with  firm- 

— Bismarck.  ness  in  the  right  as  God  givo 
us  to  see  the  right,  let  us  Snah 
the  work  we  are  in,  to  do  all 
which  may  achieve  a  just  uul 
lasting  peace  among  ooTsehe« 
and  with  all  nations. 

— Abraham  Ltntolii. 


CONQUESTS 


We   are    of    the    race  of  the 

Thunderer ; 
We  will  possess  the  earth  : 
That  is  the  old  light  of  the 

Geiinans — 
To  win  land  with  the  hammer. 
— German  Poem. 

We  neetl  colonies,  and  more 
colonies  than  we  have  already, 
to  give  vent  to  our  surplus  en- 
ei^es  without  lasing  them  and 
to  make  our  motherland  eco- 
nomically indeiiendent. 
— The  ('oltmiat  League,  quoted 
in  the  "Deutsche  Revue,"  1013. 

OUR    BATTLE  CRY 

World    power   or  downfall.         The   world   must    be  u>»ilt 
will  be  our  rallyin";  cry.  safe  for  denuK^racy. 

—  Tiernhardi.'  — Woodrow   Wii^of- 

Digitized  by  VJ^^^^VIV^ 


We  wish  for  no  victorift' 
but  those  of  peace ;  for  no  trr 
ritory  exoept  our  own ;  for  do 
sovereignty  except  the  sorer- 
eignty  over  ourselves. 

—Elihu  Boot. 

We  have  no  selfish  ends  to 
serve.  We  desire  no  ctmqoe^ 
no  dominion.  We  seek  no  in- 
demnities for  ourselves,  n" 
material  compensation  for  ib^ 
sacrifices  we  shall  freely  nukr 
—  Woodrow  nUsw. 


THE   IRON  CROSS 

BY   CHARLES   ALEXANDER   RICHMOND 


Oh,  heavy  on  the  King's  head 
The  Iron  Crown  is  presaed, 
And  heavy  is  the  Iron  Cross 
Upon  the  King's  breast. 


II 


More  easy  on  the  Kingjs  head 
Would  lie  a  Crown  of  Thorn, 
And  lighter  far  the  heavy  Cross 
To  Calvary  was  borne. 


UI 


And  ever  as  the  King  sought 

To  ease  him  of  his  crown, 

Dead  hands  came  reaching  from  the  graves 

And  ever  thrust  it  down. 


IV 


A  thousand  thousand  ghostly  hands 
All  red  with  battle  stain, 
Ghosts  of  a  thousand  thousand  men 
AH  by  the  King's  pride  slain. 


IX 


To  rid  him  of  the  Iron  Cross 
He  strove,  but  strove  in  vain, — 
A  thousand  little  clenched  hands 
Would  beat  it  back  again. 


VI 


Ghosts  of  a  thousand  little  boys 
That  sleep  but  cannot  rest, 
Of  little  maiden^  violate 
And  children  at  the  breast. 


VII 


And  he  must  see  the  ghastly  thrtHig 
All  pass  in  pallid  train. 
And  each  would  omsh  that  cruel  erown 
Into  his  burning  brain. 


vin 


Oh,  heavy  on  the  King's  head 
The  Iron  Crown  is  pressed, 
And  heavy,  heavy  is  the  Crosa 
Upon  the  King's  breast. 


More  easy  on  the  King's  head 
Would  lie  the  Crown  of  Thorn, 
And  Ivhter  far  the  heavy  Cross 
To  Calvary  vras  borne. 


A  CLASSIC  INSTANCE 

BY   HENRY   VAN   DYKE 


"  T    ATIN  and  Greek  are  dead,"  said  Hardman,  lean,  eager, 

I      absolute,  a  fanatic  of  modernity.    "  They  have  been  a 

I  i  long  while  dying,  and  this  war  has  finished  them.  We 
966  now  that  they  are  useless  in  the  modem  world.  Nobody  is 
n>ing  to  waste  time  in  studying  them.  Education  must  be 
direct  and  scientific.  Train  men  for  efficiency  and  prepare  them 
for  defense.  Otherwise  they  will  have  no  chance  of  making  a 
living  or  of  keeping  what  they  make.  Your  classics  are  musty 
and  rusty  and  fusty.  Heraua  mit — '' 

He  checked'  himself  suddenly,  with  as  near  a  blush  as  his 
sallow  skin  could  show. 

"  Excuse  me,"  he  stammered ;  "  bad  habit,  contracted  when  I 
was  a  student  at  Kiel — only  place  where  they  really  understood 
metallurgy." 

Professor  John  De  Vries,  rotmd,  rosy,  white-haire<l,  steeped 
in  themellow  lore  of  ancient  history,  puSed  his  cigar  and  smiled 
that  benignant  smile  with  which  he  was  accustomed  joyfiUly  to 
enter  a  duel  of  wits.  Many  such  conflicts  had  enlivened  that 
low4!eiIinged  book-room  of  bis  at  Calvinton. 

"  You  are  excused,  my  dear  Hardman,"  he  said,  "  especially 
because  you  have  just  given  us  a  valuable  illustration  of  the 
truth  Uiat  language  and  the  study  of  language  have  a  profomid 
influence  upon  thought.  The  tongue  which  you  inadvertently 
used  belongs  to  the  country  that  bred  the  theory  of  education 
which  you  advocate.  The  theory  is  as  crude  and  imperfect  as 
the  German  lang^uage  itself.  And  that  is  saying  a  great  deal." 

Young  Richard  De  Vries,  the  professor's  favorite  nephew 
uid  adopted  son,  whose  chief  interest  was  athletics,  but  who 
bad  a  very  pretty  side  taste  for  verbal  bouts,  was  sitting  with 
the  older  men  before  a  cheerful  fire  of  logs  in  the  chilly  spring 
»f  1917.  He  tucked  one  leg  comfortably  underneath  him  and 
leaned  forward  in  his  chair,  lighting  a  fresh  cigarette.  He  fore- 
»w  a  brisk  encounter,  and  was  delighted,  as  one  who  watches 
from  the  side-lines  the  opening  of  a  lively  game. 

**  Well  played,  sir,"  ne  ejaculated ;  "  well  played,  indeed. 
Store  one  for  you,  Unde." 

"The  approbation  of  the  young  is  a  jopr  to  the  age<l,"  mur- 
mured the  professor,  sententiously,  as  if  it  were  a  quotation 


from  Plutarch.  **  fint  let  v»  bear  what  our  friend  Hardman 
has  to  say  about  the  German  luiguage  and  the  Grermanic  theory 
of  education.  It  is  his  turn." 

"  I  throw  yon  in  the  German  language,"  answered  Hardman, 
rather  tartly.  '*  I  don't  prcrfess  to  admire  it  or  defend  it.  But 
nobody  can  deny  its  utibty  for  the  things  that  are  taught  in  it. 
You  can  learn  more  science  from  half  a  dozen  recent  G«mian 
books  than  from  a  whole  library  of  Latin  and  Greek.  Besides, 
you  must  admit  that  the  Germans  are  great  classical  scholars 
too." 

'*  Bather  neat,"  commented  Dick ;  *'  yon  touched  him  there, 
Mr.  Hardiqan.  Now,  Uncle !" 

"  I  do  not  admit,"  said  the  professor,  firmly,  "  that  the  Ger- 
mans are  great  classical  scholars.  They  are  great  students,  that 
is  all.  The  difference  is  immense.  Far  be  it  from  me  to  deny 
the  value  of  the  patient  and  laborious  researches  of  the  Germans 
in  the  grammar  and  syntax  of  the  ancient  languages  and  in 
archseoTogy.  They  are  painstaking  to  a  painful  degree.  They 
gather  ff^ts  as  bees  gather  pollen,  indefat^bly.  But  when  it 
comes  to  making  honey  they  go  dry.  They  cannot  interpret, 
they  can  only  instruct.  They  do  not  comprehend,  they  only 
classify.  Name  me  one  recent  German  book  of  classical  inter- 
pretation to  compare  in  sweetness  and  light  with  Jowett's 
*  Dialogues  of  Plato'  or  Butcher's  'Some  Aspects  of  the 
Greek  Genius '  or  Croiset's  '  Histoire  de  la  Litt<?rature 
Grecque.*  You  can't  do  it,"  he  ended,  with  a  note  of  triumph. 

"Of  course  not,"  replied  Hardman,  sharply.  "I  never 
claimed  to  know  anything  about  classical  literature  or  scholar- 
ship. My  point  at  the  beginning — you  have  cleverly  led  the 
(Uscussion  away  from  it,  like  one  of  your  old  sophists — the  point 
I  made  was  that  Greek  and  Latin  are  dead  languages,  and 
therefore  practically  worthless  in  the  modem  world.  Let  us  go 
back  to  that  and  diHcuss  it  fairly  and  leave  the  Germans  out." 

"  But  that,  my  dear  fellow,  is  pre<d»ely  what  you  cannot  do. 
It  n  partly  because  they  have  insisted  on  treating  Latin  and 
Greek  as  dead  that  the  (lermans  have  become  what  they  are — 
suectacled  barlwrians,  leame«l  Huns,  veneered  Vandals.  In 
older  times  it  was  not  so  bad.  They  had  some  per«>eption  of  the 


Digitized  by 


GoogTe 


410 


THE   OUTLOOK 


13  Novenbet 


everlasting  current  of  life  in  the  classics.  When  the  Latin 
spirit  touched  them  for  a  while,  they  acquired  a  sense  of  form, 
they  produced  some  literature  that  was  good — Lessing,  Herder, 
Goethe,  Schiller.  But  it  was  a  brief  illumination,  and  the  dark- 
ness that  followed  it  was  deeper  than  ever.  Who  are  their 
foremost  writers  to-day?  The  Hauptmanns  and  the  Suder- 
manns,  gropers  in  obscurity,  violent  sentimentalists, '  bigots  to 
laxness.  Dr.  Johnson  would  have  called  them.  Their  world  is 
a  moral  and  artistic  chaos  agitated  by  spasms  of  hysteria. 
Their  work  is  a  mass  of  decay  touched  with  gleams  of  phospho- 
rescence. The  Romans  would  have  called  it  mmMTM^iYia.  What 
is  your  new  American  word  for  that  kind  of  thing,  Richard  ?  I 
heard  you  use  it  the  other  day." 

"  Punk,"  responded  Dick,  promptly.  "  Sometimes,  if  it's 
very  sickening,  we  call  it  pink  punk." 

"  All  right,  interrupted  Hardman,  impatientiy.  "  Say  what 
you  like  about  Hauptmann  and  Sudermann.  They  are  no 
friends  of  mine.  Be  as  ferocious  with  them  as  you  please.  But 
yon  surely  do  not  mean  to  claim  that  the  right  kind  of  study 
and  understandii^  of  the  classics  could  have  had  any  practical 
inflnenoe  on  the  German  character,  or  any  value  in  saving  the 
German  Empire  from  its  horrible  blunders." 

"  Precisely  that  is  what  I  do  mean." 

"But  how?" 

"  Through  the  mind,  animus,  the  intelligent  directing  spirit 
which  guides  human  conduct  in  all  who  have  passed  beyond  the 
stage  of  mere  barbarism." 

"  You  exaggerate  the  part  played  by  what  you  caJl  the  mind. 
Human  conduct  is  mainly  a  matter  of  heredity  and  environment. 
Most  of  it  is  determined  by  instinct,  impulse,  and  habit." 

"  Granted,  for  the  sake  of  ai^imient.  But  may  there  not  be 
a  mental  as  well  as  a  physical  inheritance,  an  environment  of 
thought  as  well  as  of  bodily  circumstances?" 

"  Perhaps  so.  Yes,  I  suppose  that  is  true  to  a  certain  extent." 

"  A  poor  phrase,  my  dear  Hardman ;  but  let  it  pass.  Will 
you  admit  that  there  may  be  habits  of  thinking  and  feeling  as 
well  as  habits  of  doing  and  making  things  ?" 

"Certainly." 

"  And  do  you  recognize  a  difference  between  bad  habits  and 
good  habits?" 

"  Of  course." 

"  And  you  agree  that  this  difference  exists  both  in  mental 
and  in  physical  affairs?  For  example,  you  would  call  the  fore- 
man of  a  machine  shop  who  directed  his  work  in  accordance 
with  the  natural  laws  of  Ins  material  and  of  his  steam  or  elec- 
tric power  a  man  of  good  habits,  would  you  not  ?" 

"Undoubtedly." 

*'  And  you  would  not  deny  him  this  name,  but  would  rather 
emphasize  it,  if  in  addition  he  had  the  habit  of  paying  r^ard 
to  the  moral  and  social  laws  which  condition  the  wel&re  and 
efficiency  of  his  workmen ;  for  example,  self-control,  cheerful- 
ness, honesty,  fair  play,  honor,  human  kindness,  and  so  on.  If 
he  taught  these  things,  not  only  by  word  but  by  deed,  you 
would  call  him  an  excellent  foreman,  would  you  not  ?" 

"  Without  a  question.  That  machine  shop  would  be  a  gre&t 
success,  a  model." 

"  But  suppose  your  foreman  had  none  of  these  good  mental 
and  moral  habits.  Suppose  he  was  proud,  overbearing,  dis- 
honest, unfair,  and  cruel.  Do  you  not  believe  he  would  have 
a  bad  influence  upon  his  men  ?  Would  not  the  shop,  no  matter 
what  kind  of  work  it  turned  out,  become  a  nest  of  evil  and  a 
menace  to  its  neighbors  ?" 

"  It  surely  woidd." 

"  What,  then,  would  you  do  with  the  foreman  ?" 

"  I  would  try  to  teach  him  better.  If  that  failed,  I  would  dis- 
chara^e  him." 

"  In  what  method  and  by  what  means  would  you  endeavor 
to  teach  him  ?" 

"  By  all  the  means  that  I  could  command.  By  precept  and 
by  example,  by  warning  him  of  his  faults  and  by  showing  him 
better  ways,  by  wholesome  books  and  good  company." 

"  And  if  he  refused  to  learn  ;  if  he  remained  obstinate ;  if  he 
mocked  you  and  called  you  a  hypocrite ;  if  he  claimed  that  his 
way  was  the  best,  in  fact  the  only  way,  divinely  inspired,  and 
therefore  beyond  all  criticism,  then  you  would  throw  him  out  ?" 

"  Certainly,  and  quickly  I    I  should  reg&rd  him  as  morally 


insane,  and  try  my  best  to  put  him  where  he  could  do  no  mow 
harm.  But  tdl  me  why  this  protracted  imitation  of  Socrates? 
Where  are  you  trying  to  lead  me  ?  Do  you  want  me  to  say  that 
the  German  Kaiser  is  a  very  bad  foreman  of  his  shop ;  that  he 
has  got  it  into  a  horrible  mess  and  made  it  despised  and' hated 
by  aiU  the  other  shops ;  that  he  ought  to  be  put  out  ?  If  that  b 
your  point,  I  am  witii  you  in  advance." 

"  Right  you  are !"  cried  Dick,  joyously.  "  Can  the  Kuser  I 
We  aJl  agree  to  that.  And  here  the  bout  ends,  with  honors  for 
both  sides,  and  a  special  prize  for  the  Governor." 

The  professor  smiled,  recognizing  in  the  name  more  affectioD 
than  disrespect.  He  leaned  rorward  in  his  chair,  lighting  a  fresb 
cigar  with  gusto. 

"  Not  yet,"  he  said,  "  O  too  enthusiastic  youth  1  Our  friend 
here  has  not  yet  come  to  the  point  at  which  I  was  aiming.  The 
application  of  my  remarks  to  the  Kaiser — whom  I  regard  as  a 
talented  paranoiac — is  altM^ther  too  personal  and  hmited.  I 
was  thinking  of  something  larger  and  more  important.  Doyoa 
give  me  leave  to  develop  the  idea  ?" 

"  Fire  away,  sir,"  said  Dick. 

Hardman  nodded  his  assent.  "  I  should  like  very  much  to 
hear  in  what  possible  way  you  connect  the  misconduct  of  Grer- 
many,  which  I  admit,  with  your  idea  of  the  present  value  of 
classical  study,  which  I  question." 

"  In  this  way,"  said  the  professor,  eamestiy.  "  Germany  bv 
been  living  for  fifty  years  with  a  closed  mind.  Oh,  I  grant  yoa 
it  was  an  active  mmd,  scientific,  laborious,  immensely  patient 
But  it  was  an  ingrowing  mind.  Sure  of  its  own  superiority,  it 
took  no  counsel  with  antiquity  and  scorned  the  advice  of  it» 
neighbors.  It  was  intent  on  producing  something  entirely  nev 
and  all  its  own — a  purely  German  Kvltur,  independent  of  tlir 
past,  and  irresponsible  to  any  laws  except  those  of  Germany  > 
interests  and  needs.  Hence  it  fell  into  bad  habits  of  thought 
and  feeling,  got  into  trouUe,  and  brought  infinite  trouble  upon 
tbewM-ld.'^ 

"  And  tU>  you  daim,"  interrupted  Hardman, "  Hmt  tins  would 
have  been  prevented  by  reading  the  classics  ?  Would  tfaathsire 
been  the  only  and  efficient  cure  for  Germany's  disease  ?  Rather 
a  large  claim,  that !" 

"  Much  too  laige,"  replied  the  professor.  "  I  did  not  make 
it.  In  the  first  place,  it  may  be  that  Germany's  trouble  had 
gone  beyond  any  cure  but  the  knife.  In  the  second  place,  I 
regard  the  intelligent  reading  of  the  Bible  and  the  vital  appre- 
hension of  the  real  spirit  of  Christianity  as  the  best  of  all  am* 
for  mental  and  moral  ills.  All  that  I  claim  for  the  dasmcs — the 
greatest  of  the  Greek  and  Roman  writers — is  that  they  have  m 
them  a  certain  remedial  and  sanitary  quality.  They  contain 
noble  thoughts  in  noble  forms.  They  show  the  strengftii  of  self- 
restraint.  They  breathe  the  air  of  clearness  and  candor.  Thev 
set  forth  ideals  of  character  and  conduct  which  are  elevating- 
They  also  disclose  the  weakness  and  the  ugliness  of  things  meao 
and  base.  They  have  the  broad  and  generous  spirit  of  the  tnie 
literce  humaniores.  They  reveal  the  springs  of  civilization  and 
lead  us — 

'• '  To  the  glory  that  was  Greece, 
To  the  grandeur  that  was  Rome.' 

Now  these  are  precisely  the  remedies  '  indicated,'  as  the  phy- 
sicians say,  for  the  cure,  or  at  least  the  mitigation,  of  the  spe- 
cific bad  habits  which  finally  caused  the  mamiess  of  Germany." 

"  Please  tell  us,  sir,"  asked  Dick,  gravely,  "  how  you  meas 
us  to  take  that.  Do  you  really  think  it  would  have  done  any 
good  to  those  brutes  who  ravaged  Belgium  and  outraged  Fraixv 
to  read  Tacitus  or  Virgil  or  the  Greek  tragedies?  Thej 
couldn't  have  done  it,  anyhow." 

"  Probably  not,"  answered  the  professor,  while  Hardman  »i 
staring  intently  into  the  fire,  "  probably  not.  But  suppoee  tk 
leaders  and  guides  of  Germany  (her  masters,  in  effect,  who 
molded  and  Kidtnred  the  people  to  serve  their  ne&u-ious  par 

Ge  of  dominating  the  world  by  violence),  suppose  these  master 
[  really  known  the  meaning  and  felt  the  truth  of  the  Gre«k 
tragedies,  which  unveil  reckless  arrogance— 5'/8/ns  (Ifubri«}—ie 
the  fatal  sin,  hateful  to  the  gods  and  doomed  to  an  inevitabti' 
Nemesis.  Might  not  this  truth,  filtering  through  the  masten  t<> 
the  people,  have  led  them  to  the  abatement  of  the  ruinous  prvV 
which  drove  Germany  out  to  subjugate  the  oUier  nation!)  i" 
1914  ?   The  egregious  General  von  der  Goltz  voiced  the  iniaor 


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411 


arrogance  which  made  this  war  when  he  said, '  The  nineteenth 
centotT  saw  a  (jerman  Empire,  the  twentieth  shall  see  a  G«rman 
world. 

''Or  suppose  the  Teutonic  teachers  and  pastors  had  read 
with  understanding  and  taken  to  heart  the  passages  of  Ctesar 
in  which  he  curtly  describes  the  violent  and  thievish  qualities 
of  the  ancient  Germans — how  they  spread  desolation  around 
tbem  to  protect  their  borders,  and  encouraged  their  young  men 
in  brigandage  in  order  to  keep  them  in  practice.  Might  not 
these  plain  kasons  have  been  used  as  a  warning  to  the  people 
of  modem  Grermany  to  discourage  their  predatory  propensities 
and  ^eir  habits  of  devastation  and  to  hold  them  back  from 
their  relapse  into  the  Schrecklichkeit  of  savage  warfare  ?  George 
Meredith  says  a  good  thing  in  '  Diana  of  the  Crossways :' 
'Before  yon  can  civilize  a  man,  you  must  first  de-barbarize 
him.'  That  is  the  trouble  with  the  Germans,  especially  their 
leaders  and  masters.  They  have  never  gotten  rid  of  their  fun- 
damental barbarism,  the  idolati^  of  might  above  right.  They 
have  only  put  on  a  varnish  of  civilization.  It  cracks  and  peels 
off  in  the  heat. 

"  Take  one  more  illustration.  Suppose  these  German  thought 
masters  and  war  lords  had  really  understood  and  assimilated 
the  true  greatness  of  the  conception  of  the  old  Roman  Empire 
as  it  is  shown,  let  ns  say,  by  Virgil.  You  remember  that  splen- 
did passage  in  the  Sixth  Book  of  the  .^^neid  where  the  Romans 
are  caOed  to  remember  that  it  is  their  mission  '  to  crown  Peace 
with  Law,  to  spare  the  humbled,  and  to  subdue  and  tame  the 
proud.'  Might  not  su^  a  noble  doctrine  have  detached  the 
Germans  a  fittle  from  their  blind  devotion  to  the  Hohenzollem- 
HoOweg  conception  of  the  modem  pinchbeck  German  Empire — 
a  predatbry  state,  greedy  to  gain  new  territory  but  incapable 
of  ruling  it  when  guned,  scornful  of  the  rights  of  smaller 
peoples,  oppressing  them  when  subjugated,  as  she  has  oppressed 
Poland  and  Schleswig-Holstein  and  Alsace-Lorraine,  a  clumsy 
and  exterininating  tyrant  in  her  own  colonies,  as  she  has  shown 
hersdf  in  Blast  and  West  Africa  ?  I  tell  you  that  a  vital  per- 
ception of  what  tiie  Roman  Empire  really  meant  in  its  palmy 
days  might  have  been  good  medicine  for  Germany.  It  might 
have  taught  her  to  make  herself  fit  for  power  before  seeking  to 
gram  it 

"  Granted,  granted,"  broke  in  Hardman,  impatiently  poking 
the  fire.  "You  can't  say  anjrthing  about  Germany  too  severe  to 
roit  me.  Whatever  she  needed  to  keep  her  from  committing  the 
eriminal  blunder  of  this  war,  it  is  certain  that  she  did  not  get 
it  The  Uonder  was  nutde  and  the  price  must  be  paid.  But 
what  I  say  now,  as  I  said  at  the  beginning,  is  that  Latin  and 
Grreek  are  dead  languages.  For  us,  for  the  future,  for  the  com- 
petiti<m8  of  the  modem  industrial  and  social  era,  the  classics 
are  no  good.  For  a  few  ornamental  persons  a  knowledge  of 
them  may  be  a  pleasing  accomplishment  But  they  are  luxuries, 
not  neoeasaries.  They  belong  to  a  bygone  age.  They  have 
nothing  to  tell  us  about  the  things  we  most  need  to  know — 
chemistry  and  physics,  engineering  and  intunsive  agriculture, 
the  discovery  of  new  forms  and  applications  of  power,  the 
organization  of  labor  and  the  distribution  of  wealth,  the  devel- 
opment of  mechanical  skill  and  the  increase  of  production — 
these  are  the  things  that  we  must  study.  I  say  they  are  the 
only  things  that  wiU  count  for  success  in  the  new  democracy." 

"  That  is  what  you  say,"  replied  Professor  De  Vries,  dryly. 
*  But  the  wisest  men  of  the  world  have  said  something  very 
lifferent  No  democracy  ever  has  survived,  or  ever  wm  sur- 
rive,  without  an  aristocracy  at  the  heart  of  it  Not  an  aris- 
acracy  of  birth  and  privily,  but  one  of  worth  and  intelli- 
^nce ;  not  a  band  of  hereditary  lords,  but  a  company  of 
fell-chosen  leaders.  Their  value  will  depend  not  so  much  upon 
heir  technical  knowledge  and  skill  as  upon  the  breadth  of 
heir  mind,  the  clearness  of  their  thought,  the  loftiness  of  their 
notives,  the  balance  of  their  judgment,  and  the  stren^h  of 
heir  devotitm  to  duty.  For  the  cultivation  of  these  thmgs  I 
ay — pardon  tdbe  a|q>arent  contradiction  of  what  yoft  said— I 
ay  toe  stady  of  the  daasics  has  been  and  still  is  of  the  greatest 
«be." 

'*  What  did  George  Washington  know  about  the  classics  ?" 
iardman  interrupted,  sharply.  "  He  was  one  of  your  aristocrats 
if  democracy,  I  suppose  ?" 

"  He  was, '  answered  the  professor,  blandly,  "  and  he  knew 


more  about  the  classics  than,  I  fear,  you  do,  my  dear  Hardman. 
At  all  events,  he  understood  what  was  meant  when  he  was  called 
*  the  Cincinnatus  of  the  West ' — and  he  lived  up  to  the  ideal, 
otherwise  we  should  have  had  no  American  Republic. 

"  But  let  us  not  drop  to  personalities.  What  I  maintain  is 
that  Latin  and  Greek  are  not  dead  languages,  because  they 
still  convey  living  thoiights.  The  real  success  of  a  democracy— 
the  production  of  a  finer  manhood — depends  less  upon  mechanic  i 
than  upon  morale.  For  that  the  teachings  of  the  classics  are 
excellent  They  have  a  bracing  and  a  steadying  quality.  They 
instill  a  sense  of  order  and  they  inspire  a  sense  of  admiration, 
both  of  which  are  needed  by  the  people — especially  the  plain 
people — of  a  sane  democracy.  The  dassics  are  fresher,  younger, 
more  vital  and  encouraging,  than  most  modem  books,  l^ey 
have  lessons  for  us  to-day— believe  me — g^reat  words  for  the 
present  crisis  and  the  pressing  duty  of  the  hour." 

"  Give  us  an  example,"  said  Dick  ;  "  something  classic  to  fit 
this  war." 

'*  I  have  one  at  hand,"  responded  the  professor,  promptly. 
He  went  to  the  book-shelves  and  pulled  out  a  small  brown  vol- 
ume with  a  slip  of  paper  in  it.  He  opened  the  book  at  the 
marked  place.  "It  is  from  the  Eighth  Satire  of  Juvenal, 
b^finnin^  at  line  79.  I  wiU  read  the  Latin  first,  and  after- 
wards a  little  version  which  I  made  the  other  day." 

The  old  man  rolled  the  lines  out  in  his  sonorous  voice,  almost 
chanting: 

"  *  Eato  bonus  mUes,_  tutor  bonus,  arbiter  idem 
Integer ;  ambiguie  si  quando  citabere  testis 
Incertsqne  rei,  Phalaris  licet  imperet  at  sis 
Falsa*  et  admoto  dictet  periuria  tauro, 
Sumntum  erede  nefiu,  animam  preeferre  pudori 
Et  propter  vitam  vivendi  perdere  eatuas." 

"  Please  to  translate,  sir,"  said  Dick,  copying  exactly  the 
professor's  class-room  phrase  and  manner. 

"  To  gratify  my  nephew,"  said  the  professor,  nodding  and 
winking  at  Hardman.    "  But,  understand,  this  is  not  a  real 
translation.  It  is  only  a  paraphrase.  Here  it  is : 
"  Be  a  good  soldier,  and  a  guardian  just ; 
Likewise  an  upright  judge.  Let  no  one  thrust 
Tou  in  a  dabious  cause  to  testify, 
Through  fear  of  tyrant's  vengeance,  to  a  lie. 
Count  it  a  baseness  if  your  soul  prefer 
Safetv  above  what  Honor  asks  of  her : 
And  hold  it  manly  life  itself  to  give. 
Rather  than  lose  the  things  for  which  we  live. 

It  is  not  half  as  good  as  the  Latin.  But  it  gives  the  meaning. 
How  do  you  like  it,  Richard  ?" 

"  Fine  I"  answered  the  young  man,  quickly ;  "  especially  the 
last  lines.  They  are  great"  He  hesitated  sUghtly,  and  then 
went  on.  "  Perhaps  I  ought  to  tell  you  now,  sir,  that  I  have 
signed  up  and  got  my  papers  for  the  training  school  at  Madison 
Barracks.  I  hope  yon  will  not  be  angry  with  me." 

The  old  man  put  both  hands  on  the  lad's  shoulders  and 
looked  at  him  with  a  suspicious  moisture  in  his  eyes.  He  swal- 
lowed hard  a  couple  of  times.  You  could  see  the  big  Adam's 
apple  moving  up  and  down  in  his  wrinkled  throat 

"  Angry  1'  he  cried.  "  Why,  boy,  I  love  you  for  it" 

Hardman,  who  was  a  thorougmy  good  fellow  at  heart,  held 
out  his  hand. 

"  Good  for  you,  Dick !  But  I  must  be  going  now.  I  am  put- 
ting up  at  the  Ivy.  Will  yon  walk  up  with  me  ?  I'd  like  to 
have  a  word  with  you." 

The  two  men  walked  in  silence  along  the  shady,  moon-flecked 
streets  of  the  tranquil  old  university  town.  Then  the  elder  one 
spoke. 

"  You  have  done  the  right  thing,  I  am  sure.  That  officers' 
training  school  is  a  good  place  to  get  a  practical  education. 
When  you  are  through,  how  would  you  like  to  have  a  post  in 
the  Ordnance  Department  at  Washington  ?  I  have  some  influ- 
ence there  and  believe  I  could  get  you  in  without  difficulty." 

"  Thanks,  a  lot,"  answered  the  lad,  modestly.  "  You're  aw- 
ftdly  kind.  But,  if  you  don't  mind  my  saying  so,  I  think  I'd 
rather  have  service  at  the  front — that  is,  if  I  can  qualify  for  it." 

There  was  another  long  silence  before  Hardman  spoke  again, 
with  an  apparent  change  of  subject : 

*'  I  wish  you  would  tell  me  what  you  really  think  of  your 


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uncle's  views  on  the  classics,  yon  and  the  other  fellows  of  your 
age  in  the  university." 

Dick  hesitated  a  moment  before  he  replied  : 

"  Well,  perscmally,  you  know,  I  believe  what  Uncle  says  is 
usually  about  right.  He  has  the  habit  of  it.  But  I  allow  when 
he  gets  on  his  Irabby  he  rides  rather  hard.  Most  of  the  other 
fellows  have  given  up  the  classics — they  like  the  modem  lan- 
g;uage  course  with  sciences  better — perhaps  it's  softer.  They 
say  not ;  but  I  know  the  classics  are  hard  enoueh.  I  flunked 
out  on  my  Greek  exam  junior  year.  So,  yon  see,  I'm  not  a  very 
good  judge.  But,  anyhow,  wasn't  the  bit  he  read  us  from 
Juvenal  simply  fine?  And  didn't  he  read  it  well?  I've  felt 
that  a  hundred  times,  but  never  knew  how  to  say  it." 


It  was  in  the  early  &11  of  1918,  more  than  a  year  later,  that 
Hardman  came  once  more  into  the  familiar  library  at  Calvin- 
ton.  He  had  read  the  casualty  list  of  the  last  week  of  August 
and  came  to  condole  with  his  friend  De  Vries. 

The  old  man  sat  in  the  twilight  of  tiie  tranquil  book-lined 
room,  leaning  back  in  his  armchair,  with  an  open  letter  on  the 
■table  before  nim.  He  gave  his  hand  cordially  to  Hardman  and 
.thanked  him  for  his  sympathetic  words.  He  talked  quietly  and 
naturally  about  Dick,  and  confessed  how  much  he  should  miss 
the  boy — as  it  were,  his  only  son. 

"  Yes,"  he  said,  quietly.  **  I  am  going  to  be  lonely,  but  I  am 
not  forsaken.  I  shall  be  sad  sometimes,  but  never  sorry- -always 


proud  of  my  boy.  Would  you  like  to  see  this  letter  ?    It  is  thr 
last  that  he  wrote." 

It  was  a  yotmg,  simple  lette^r,  full  of  cheerful  joking  and  ]ier- 
sonal  detaus  and  words  of  affection  whidi  the  shy  lad  woal<l 
never  have  spoken  face  to  face.    At  the  end  he  wrote : 

Well,  dear  Governor,  this  is  a  i-ou^h  life,  and  some  parts  are 
.  not  easy  to  bear.  But  I  want  you  to  know  that  I  was  never  hap- 
pier in  all  my  days.  I  know  that  we  are  fighting  for  a  goo<l 
cause,  justice,  and  freedom,  and  a  world  made  clean  from  thisi 
beastly  G^erman  militarism.  The  things  that  the  Oennans  hare 
done  to  France  and  Belgium  must  be  stopped,  and  they  raast 
never  be  done  again.  We  want  a  decent  world  to  live  in,  and  we 
are  going  to  have  it,  no  matter  what  it  costs.  Of  course  I  shoulil 
like  to  bve  throoffh  it  all,  if  I  can  do  it  with  honor.  But  a  man 
never  can  tell  what  is  going  to  happen.  And  I  certainlv  wooU 
rather  give  up  my  life  than  the  thmgs  we  are  fighting  tor — the 
tilings  you  taught  me  to  believe  are  according  to  the  will  of  God. 
So  good-nij^t  for  the  present,  Uncle,  and  sleep  welL 

Tour  loving  nephew  and  son,  Dick. 

Hardman's  hand  shook  a  little  as  he  laid  the  paper  on  die  taMe. 

"  It  is  a  beautiful  letter,"  he  said. 

**  Yes,"  nodded  the  old  professor,  putting  his  hand  waaa  it ; 
"  it  is  a  classic ;  very  clear  and  simple  andrngluBinded.  Tbe 
German  Crown  Prince  says  our  American  soldieiB  do  not  know 
what  they  are  fighting  for.  But  Richard  knew.  It  was  to  defend 
^  the  things  for  which  we  live '  that  he  gladly  gave  his  life." 


OUT  WITH  THE  FOG-HOUNDS 

BY   GREGORY   MASON 

STAFF  CORRESPONDENT  OF  THE  OUTLOOK 


INSTEAD  of  reading  the  next  paragraph  you  ought  to  see  a 
few  feet  of  moving-picture  film — colored  film.    It  is  a  sea 
picture  in  colors  wmch  you  ought  to  have,  and  my  words 
cannot  give  it. 

The  fluid  eloom  of  a  soft  night  has  gone,  leaving  the  sky 
aglow  in  brilBant  lemon.  This  yellow  vault  is  smudged  where 
it  is  supported  by  sixteen  pillars  of  oily  black  rising  in  pairs, 
smooth  and  straight,  from  the  funnels  of  eight  slim  ships 
swinging  in  single  line  to  the  inward  rush  of  siknt,  blue-black 
tide.  There  is  a  sleepy  bustle  aboard  the  eight,  the  cry  of  com- 
mands, the  rin|;  of  metal,  a  suggestion  of  awakening  ener^. 
The  leading  ship  drops  her  mooring  and  starts  seaward,  while 
the  others  rollow  on  her  trail  like  himting  dogs  unleashed  one 
after  another.  The  leader  is  a  little  lady  in  silver  gray,  in  form, 
to  the  layman's  eye,  a  kind  of  light  cruiser.  To  the  knowing 
she  is  a  "  sloop."  The  next  three  ships  are  similar  to  her  in 
build,  but  their  color  scheme  is  a  jangle  of  diagonal  stripes, 
light  g^y  or  white  alternating  with  blue  or  red.  Behind  come 
four  destroyers,  not  so  high  as  the  sloops  except  in  the  bow,  but 
lean,  hungry,  powerful  in  every  line.  Three  of  them  are  of  the 
familiar  m^troyer  type,  high  m)m  the  knife  boW  to  just  abaft 
the  bridge,  where  they  are  cut  down  to  a  long,  low  body,  the 
shaft  behind  the  head  of  the  spear.  The  fourth  is  the  new 
"  flush-deck "  type,  a  gradual  downward  sweep  from  bow  to 
stem  making  her  seem  bigger,  shorter,  and  slower  than  the 
others — more  a  light  cruiser  than  a  true  destroyer.  In  reality 
she  is  as  long  as  her  arrow-shaped  sisters,  just  as  fast,  and  car- 
ries the  same  sting.  The  eight  turn  the  buoy  and  bear  down  the 
narrows,  leaving  the  green  hills  and  gray  cathedral  spires  of 
a  sleeping  town  brightening  in  the  rising  sun.  The  little  gray 
lady  is  stepping  out  ahead  only  by  virtue  of  the  fact  that  her 
captain  happens  to  be  the  senior  of  the  other  seven.  She,  we 
will  say,  is  the  Hepatica  [the  reader  will  understand  that  all 
names  of  places  and  persons  are  fictitious],  and  in  order  come 
tJie  Anemone,  Dandelion,  and  Peony  (all  flying  the  white  ensign 
of  the  British  navy),  and  then  the  Lowell,  Taintor,  Baldwin, 
and  Barr  (carrying  the  Stars  and  Stripes  and  glistening  in  pie- 
bald war  paint).  I  am  aboard  the  Lowell,  second  in  command  of 
the  octet,  Wrause  her  captain  outranks  all  the  other  skippers  but 
the  British  commander  of  the  Hepatica.  A  good  hunting  dog,  she 
trembles  as  she  scents  the  open  waste  ahead  and  frets  at  the 


ten-knot  jo^  which  holds  her  to  her  place  in  line.  A  thiu  white 
ribbon  behmd  the  Barr  is  the  single  wake  of  the  martialed  pni-k. 
Landsmen  forget  the  beautiful  cuscij^ine  of  the  sea.  Our  <i\ 
officers  are  on  our  high  teetering  bridge  watching  the  sisnalx  oi 
the  flag-boat  or  studying  diae^rams  on  thediartshdf  which  lo(^ 
like  the  plotted  formations  of  a  football  team.  Chioe  dear  of  tbe 
U-boat  snares  at  the  harbor  mouth,  -we-swinginto  open  forma- 
tion. "  Standard  speed,  fifteen  knots,"  signals  the  Hepatica.  aixi 
from  eight  bridges  the  word  goes  by  speaking-tube  to  eight 
fire-rooms.  Two  ef  the  four  funnels  of  each  destroyer  are  exud- 
ing at  first  a  black  smoke — which  is  bad  form — and  then  i 
hardly  perceptible  grayish  vapor.  Our  fire-room  blower  ro«i> 
like  Niagara.  Our  skipper  goes  below  to  study  his  "  dopfe,"  our 
executive  officer  repairs  to  the  chart-room  below  the  bridge  to 
work  on  his  problems  of  navigation.  The  long  roll  of  die  Atlan- 
tic seizes  us  and  the  bridge-tower  becomes  a  birch  tree  in  a  gak-- 
I  slip  down  to  the  steadier  deck  and  begin  s  day-long  tie bt 
against  seasickness  with  the  ud  of  mentel  science  and  a  dill 
pickle. 

The  wind  freshens,  we  roll  more,  but  the  pickle  is  a  chaim- 
Through  gray  scud  on  the  horizon  ahead  come  blue  rifts  like 
openings  to  promised  isles.  Off  to  starboard  on  a  bare,  rorkr 
hill  stands  the  niossy  stone  watch-tower  of  some  forgotten  In»ii 
chief.  Near  is  an  inlet  where  Sir  Francis  Drake  hid  in  his  ship 
from  the  Spanish  Armada  until  England's  navy  could  l** 
gathered  to  smash  it. 

Our  skipper  rolls  out  on  deck,  a  thick,  broad  figure  in  a  blar 
sweater  witli  a  big  N  on  it.  The  men  who  played  in  the  Anu; 
line  about  fifteen  years  ago  still  remember  him  as  the  Navt 
fullback — remember  him  with  sorrow. 

"  Say,"  says  he,  with  a  good-natured  grin, "  I  hope  you're  w* 

Soing  to  write  anything  sibout  the  roinanoe  or  glamoar  of  thb 
estroyer  game.  We  nad  another  writer  chap  on  here  whi> 
spilled  a  lot  of  ink  over  the  romance  of  it.  It's  just  hard  work 
— blooming  hard,  plugging  for  every  result  you  get" 

So,  no  doubt,  spoke  Francis  Dn^e,  if  ever  approaobed  h 
the  scriveners  of  his  time,  and  so,  no  doubt,  Captain  Kidd  wenkl 
have  contended  of  his  profession. 

"  We're  eoing  to  get  a  big  convoy — thirty-two  of  'etn,"  «» 
tinues  the  skipper.  "  It's  a  slow  convoy,  too — good  U-boat  htr.. 
I  hope  we'll  have  some  lucki    I've  been  hunting  Frits  le^'^ 


DigitizgcTW 


cTbV^otogle 


A    RETROSPECTUS 

BEING  A  PROPHETIC  REVIEW  OF  THE  OUTLOOK 

FOR  THE  YEAR 

AND   A    PROMISE    FOR    1919 


AN   EDITOR   TALKS   WITH   A   LIFE   SUBSCRIBER 


THE  Life  Subscriber  had  come  in 
to  Th^  Outlook  office  to  make  a 
call  upon  one  of  the  editors.  He 
was  taken  into  the  sanctum,  as  was 
fitting  with  so  valuable  a  constituent. 
Tbare  he  was  asked  to  tell  why  he  was 
a  Life  Subscriber  to  The  Outlook  and 
what  he  thought  of  his  literary  in- 
vestment, particularly  during  the  past 
year.  , 

For  an  editor  doesn't  often  have  a 
chance  to  interview  a  Life  Subscriber, 
or  any  subscriber,  indeed.  He  selects 
for  his  rraders  the  things  that  he  thinks 
win  help  and  interest  them.  To  learn 
wliether  these  things  do  interest  them 
is  somediing  that  he  seldom  learns 
except  indirectly. 

A  Question  and  Its  Answer 

"  I  am  a  Life  Subscriber* '  began  the 
caller  in  answer  to  a  question, "  because 
I  need  The  Outlook,  m  the  first  place, 
and  seecmdly  because  it  needs  me.  It's 
a  reciprocal  arrangement.  I  like  The 
Ontlo<»  beoinse  I  know  where  it  stands 
editorially.  It  speaks  out,  without  fear 
or  favor,  and  yet  in  a  temperate  way. 
It  stands  for  sensible  progress.  It  is 
never  colorless.  It  never  'pussyfoots ' 
about  any  moral  question.  In  a  time  of 
general  unsettlement  about  ideals  its 
editorials  act  on  me  like  a  tonic.  This 
past  year,  particularly,  it  has  been  a 
bulwark  of  patriotism  and  a  bugle-call 
for  'unconditional  surrender.'  And  its 
editorial  policy  seems  to  inspire  all  ita 
contributors.  That  is  the  prime  reason 
why  I  am  a  Life  Subscriber." 

**  Thank  you,"  said  the  particular 
editor  who  had  the  pleasure  of  speaking 
for  the  paper.  "Your  indorsement  of 
our  editorisJ  policy  makes  a  modest  man 
want  to  talk  about  something  else. 
Would  you  mind  telling  me  what  arti- 
cle or  articles  in  The  Outlook  during 
the  past  year  interested  you  most  ?" 

"That  question,"  said  the  caller, 
"  makes  me  feel  like  a  hungry  man  who 
has  attended  a  banquet  and  is  asked 
what  course  he  most  enjoyed.  My  mind 
reverts  first  to  what  might  be  regarded 
as  one  of  the  lighter  courses  in  the 
literary  banquet  that  has  been  spread 
CD  the  pages  of  The  Outlook  during 
tlM  time  you  mention.    Have  you  a 


bound  volume  of  The  Outlook  for  the 
year?" 

The  Life  Subscriber,  whose  talk  was 
rapidly  developing  into  an  "  interview  " 
in  which  he  held  the  floor,  as  with  the 
hero  in  most  interviews,  ran  his  fingers 
over  the  pages.  He  seemed  remarkably 
familiar  with  the  contents.  "  Here  it  is," 
he  said.  "Do you  remember  this  boy's 
letter?  Listen: 

"  Dear  Sirs  : 

Those  Arnold  Adair  stories  are  jost 

BwelL   Please  have  some  more.  Please 

get  the  poor  Swiss  spy  back  to  the 

camp.   I  would  like  to  be  an  aviator. 

Truly  yours,        Robbbt  Lbbs. 

"  Yes,  as  to  the  purely  entertaining, 
not  to  say  absorbing,  matter  offered  by 
The  Oudook  in  the  past  year,  Robert 
Lees  was  right,  I  think,  and  the  Arnold 
Adair  stories  went  to  the  top.  Do  you 
remember  Adair's  meeting  his  old  school 
chum  up  in  the  clouds?  and,  later,  their 
running  fight  and  the  collapse  of  both 
their  pbnes ;  then  their  reconciliation, 
with  the  subsequent  arrest  of  both 
by  the  Prussian  lieutenant,  their  es- 
cape to  Switzerland,  and  Adair's  final 
flight  to  America?  Surely  that  waa  a 
'thriller.' 

As  to  the  War 

"  The  memory  of  those  stories,"  the 
Life  Subscriber  continued,  "  naturally 
suggests  the  war,  and  that  brings  to 
mind  the  fact  that  The  Outlook  has 
published  the  most  inspiring  accounts 
concerning  our  soldiers  both  at  home 
and  abroad  that  have  been  printed  any- 
where. That  may  sound  like  a  strong 
statement,  but  is  it  too  strong  ?  Do  you 
recall  what  Secretary  of  War  BaJcer 
said  about  the  articles  bv  Dr.  J  H. 
Odell  called  'The  New  Spirit  of  the 
New  Army '  ?  It  was  something  like 
this: 

"These  chapters  interested  me 
ereatly  when  tney  a})peared  in  J'lie 
Outlook,  for  I  found  in  tliem  a  com- 
plete understanding  of  the  work  of 
the  War  Department  Commission  on 
Training  Caiop  Activities. 

"  And  as  a  result  of  that '  complete 
understanding '  Dr.  Odell  said  " — and 
the  Life  Suhst-riber  turned  to  the  bound 


volume  of  The  Outlook  and  read  from 
the  issue  of  Januaty  23 : 

"  As  a  result  of  visits  to  many  camps, 
searching  investigations  in  the  near-oy 
communities,  conversations  with  scores 
of  oflBcers,  hundreds  of  enlisted  men, 
and  various  civilians,  I  believe  that 
Uncle  Sam  is  going  to  send  back  to 
their  families  and  communities  hun- 
dreds of  thousands  and  possibly  mill- 
ions of  men  infinitely  better  qualified 
physically,  mentally,  and  morally  for 
the  duties  of  citizenship  in  a  democracy 
than  they  were  when  called  to  the 
colors. 

"Could  anything  be  more  inspiring 
than  that? 

"And  as  to  our  men  abroad,  this 
from  Dr.  Odell's  series  of  letters  from 
France  comes  to  my  mind  like  a  refresh- 
ing breeze  amid  the  murk  of  these  try- 
ing days : 

"  The  American  personnel  in  France, 
from  general  to  private,  u  very  ele- 
mental v^'7,  childlike,  and  almost 
dirinely  pure-minded. '  Somehow,  I  do 
not  know  why,  but  it  strikes  me  more 
forcibly  every  day  that  our  men  are 
an  army  of  the  children  of  God  fight- 
ing for  the  kingdom  of  heaven  on 
earth. 


A  Gliibpse  of  the  Far  East 

"If  these  articles  of  Dr.  Odell's 
come  first  to  my  mind  among  the  '  spe- 
cial correspondence'  features  of  The 
Outlook,  it  is  not  to  say  that  they  are 
outdone  in  intrinsic  interest  by  others," 
continued  the  speaker.  "  To  gjet  away 
for  a  moment  from  articles  de^ng  spe- 
cifically with  the  war,  could  anything 
be  more  interesting  than  Mr.  Gregory 
Mason's  pictures  of  the  Far  East  in 
'  The  Cruise  of  the  Shidzuoka '  here  in 
the  issue  of  August  21  ?  Certainly  Mr. 
Mason  has  a  keen  eye  for  amusing  inci- 
dent as  well  as  a  most  graphic  and 
flowing  style.  Note  this  bttle  picture 
of  a  scene  in  the  English  colony  at 
Hongkong,  that  he  limns  with  easy  art : 

"  Two  little  girls  with  big,  serious 
eyes  approached  us  and  the  smaller 
said  :  '  I  hurt  my  knees.'  Both  her 
knees  were  scarred,  but  when  we  sug- 
gested that  she  bind  them,  or  one  of 
Utem,  with  her  handkerchief,  she  said 


UigitizejQy'LJUUyU 


again  and  again :  '  It's  my  veio  hand- 
kerchief, it's  my  new  handkerchief !' 

"  There  is  a  touch  of  real  childhood  ! 
A  man  who  can  write  a  delightful 
travel  article  and  also  succeed  in  get- 
ting an  interview  that  attracts  inter- 
national attention,  as  was  the  case  with 
Mr.  Mason's  talk  with  Saron  Goto,  the 
Japanese  Minister  of  Foreign  Aifairs, 
'in  the  issue  of  June  12,  is  surely  a  spe- 
cial correspondent  worth  having. 

Arthur  McQuaid,  American 

"  But  when  it  comes  to  entertainment 
pure  and  simple,  with  most  readers  that 
means  stories,"  the  enthusiastic  Life 
Subscriber  went  on.  *'  Life  stories  some 
of  The  Outlook's  readers  like  best — not 
merely  the  fictitious  ones.  One  of  these 
stories,  founded  on  fact  surely  enough, 
that  stays  in  my  mind,  is  'Arthur 
McQuaid,'  by  Herman  Schneider.  Both 
Arthur  and  Herman,  be  it  noted,  are 
true-blue  Americans,  and  certainly  Mc- 
Quaid knows  how  to  brin?  home  a 
man's  sins  by  praying  at  him  as  well 
as  any  character  in  fiction.  For  those 
who  don't  dislike  a  little  old-fashioned 
religion  mixed  in  with  their  stories 
'  Arthur  McQuaid '  was  certainly  most 
satisfying. 

Dr.  Abbott's  Knoll  Papers  and 
Editorials 

"  Speaking  of  religion,"  the  subscriber 
went  on,  "can  anybody  who  appreciates 
the  ripened  wisdom  o|  an  essentiaUy 
religious  nature  fail  to  enjoy  the  KnoU 
Papers  by  your  Editor-in-Chief,  Dr. 
Lyman  Abbott?  Essential  religion  these 
papers  embody,  but  they  have  also  a 
quality  that  reminds  one  of  the  wisdom 
literature  of  the  Old  Testament — a  sort 
of  godly  discrimination  that  is  far  re- 
moved from  the  merely  pietistic  form  of 
thought.  Let  me  read  you  a  sentence  of 
this  ripe  wisdom  from  the  Knoll  Paper 
of  January  23 : 

"  I  am  inclined  to  think  that  the 
greatest  power  that  any  one  man  may 
covet  for  himself  is  the  power  of  grow- 
ing. That  power  Edward  Everett  Hale 
possessed  in  a  remarkable  degree.  The 
secret  of  his  growth,  indeed  the  secret 
of  his  powers,  he  has  given  to  the 
world  in  his  ever-memorable  para- 
phrase of  Paul's  summarv  of  the  re- 
ligion of  faith,  hope,  and  love : '  Look 
up  and  not  down ;  forward  and  not 
back ;  out  and  not  in ;  and  lend  a 
hand.' 

"  What  Dr.  Abbott  says  Dr.  Hale 
possessed  he  also  has  in  remarkable  de- 
gree— the  power  of  growth.  If  we  sub- 
scribers did  not  know,  from  Dr.  Abbott's 
occasional  delightful  disclosures  in  the 
Knoll  Papers,  uiat  he  is  an  octogenarian, 
no  one  would  think  of  him,  from  his 
writing,  as  otherwise  than  a  yotmg  man. 


Certainly  his  signed  editorial  articles  on 
the  war  and  our  duties  concerning  it 
have  all  the  fire  and  courage  of  the 
youngest  and  bravest  man  in  our  Army. 
May  1  read  this  from  the  issue  of  July 
24 '  — and  with  rapid  fingers  the  Life 
Subscriber  turned  to  the  page : 

"  I  hope  for  the  Kaiser  that  he  may  be 
decisively,  overwhelmingly,  humiliat- 
ingly  beaten.  I  fear  for  the  Kaiser  that 
•  by  a  bartered  peace  he  may  achieve 
some  portion  of  nis  ambition,  l^en  he 
will  pass  from  the  theatric  shows  of 
this  world  to  the  revealing  lights  and 
stem  judgment  of  the  world  to  come. 
There  he  wUl  stand  for  judgment  be- 
fore Him  who  denonneed  as  a  genera- 
tion of  vipers,  fit  only  to  be  cast  oat  as 
the  offal  of  the  universe  to  be  de- 
stroyed by  the  fires  of  Gehenna,  those 
who  had  devoured  widows'  houses  and 
for  a  pretense  made  long  prayers.  I 
have  no  power  to  conceive  the  sentence 
that  will  be  pronounced  on  him  who 
made  widows  that  he  might  devour 
their  houses  and  claimed  God  as  an 
ally  in  his  crimes." 

How  About  the  Woman's 
Interest  in  The  Outlook? 

"  Now,"  interposed  the  editor,  who  in 
this  interview  had  so  far  pretty  well 
efiFaoed  himself  behind  the  flow  of  the 
Life  Subscriber's  genial  enthusiasm, 
"  you  have  told  me  of  some  of  the  things 
tliat  you  liked  about  The  Outlook  m 
the  past  year.  Has  Mrs.  Life  Subscriber 
found  anything  that  she  likes  ?" 

"Mrs.  Life  Subscriber,"  the  caller 
went  on,  with  a  deferential  tone  in  his 
voice,  "  in  these  days  of  course  has  a 
taste  for  politics  and  world  events  as 
well  as  for  sociology  and  things  domes- 
tic. She  often  remarks  that  she  likes 
the  summaries  of  the  week's  news  in 
The  Outlook's  first  pages,  because  she 
hasn't  time,  and  isn  t  sure  she  knows 
how,  to  sift  out  things  for  herself  in  the 
daily  papers.  She  says  she  reads  the 
headlines  in  the  dailies  and  is  content 
to  wait  for  The  Outlook's  r^ume  of  sig- 
nificant events. 

"  Next  to  that,  Mrs.  Life  Subscriber 
likes  the  department  called  'Current 
Events  Illustrated.'  I  remember  her 
mentioning  a  few  of  the  pictures  that 
interested  her.  One  was  'Children  of  the 
Chinese  Minister ' — here  it  is,  in  the  issue 
of  August  14 ;  another  was  '  A  Charac- 
ter Study  of  President  Wilson,'  June  6 ; 
another  was  '  The  Piggery  Plan  in  Cin- 
cinnati,' May  22 ;  anotlier,  a  charming 
full-page  picture  called  '  Saving  French 
Children,'  published  October  2.  Then 
she  heard  of  a  mother  who  recogpiized 
her  son  as  one  of  a  group  photographed 
in  a  Paris  Soldiers'  and  Sailors'  Club 
and  printed  on  The  Outlook  cover — 
here  it  is — February  20 ;  and  she  liked 
the  portrait  of  Catherine  Breshkovsky, 
which  appeared,  you  remember,  Novem- 
ber 21,  1917.    She  said  she  likes  to 


look  at  those  pictures  and  to  read  the 
captions  about  them  when  she  feds 
tired. 

"And  she  says,  too,  that  the  columns  at 
the  end  of  the  magazine  called  '  By  the 
Way '  are  full  of  refreshment  for  brains 
racked  by  the  daily  grind.  I  remember 
one  little  story  that  she  read  to  me  with 
gusto  and  that  I  have  treasured  up  to 
repeat  back  to  her  in  moments  of  hu- 
mility. It  went  this  way : 

A  "By  the  Way"  Story 

"  A  sheik  was  speaking  to  a  crowd 
of  men  in  a  mosque  and  said,  '  All  of 
yon  who  are  afraid  of  your  wives  stand 
np.'  All  stood  up  except  one  man. 
Afterwards  the  sheik  went  to  this 
man  and  said, '  Evidently  yon  are  not 
afraid    of  your  wife.'   The  man  re- 

rnded  :  '  She  gave  me  such  a  beat^ 
I  morning  tliat  I  was  too  lame  to 
stand  up.' 

Women   and  the  Advertisement* 

"  Besides  that  column  at  the  back  of 
the  paper,  with  its  entertaining  misod- 
lany  from  various  sources,  Mrs.  Life 
Subscriber  tells  me  that  she  enjoys 
reading  the  advertisements  there  very 
much,  especially  the  '  Wants.'  There  b 
so  much  human  nature  in  them,  she 
says! 

"  And  she  tells  me  that  in  winter  she 
likes  to  read  the  announcements  of  the 
firms  thai*  tell  you  how  much  better 
their  heating  apparatus  is  than  the  sys- 
tem you  have  installed — and  that  they 
generally  prove  it.  In  summer  she  says 
she  loves  to  ponder  over  the  attractimis 
of  the  resort  advertisements.  Do  yon 
know,  one  of  the  pleasantest  summers 
we  ever  spent  was  at  a  place  that  was 
persistently  advertised  in  The  OuUook 
and  that  we  finally  wrote  to? 

A  Woman's  Choice 

"W^hen  I  once  asked  her,  as  yon, 
Mr.  Editor,  have  asked  me,  what  arti- 
cle she  would  pick  out  as  the  most 
enjoyable  of  the  year,  she  surprised  me. 
She  said  it  was  'The  Faibily  Goes 
A-Gypsying,'  by  Mary  Roberts  Sine- 
hart.  I  was  surprised,  because  she 
doesn't  like  picnics  as  a  rule — but  then 
reading  about  things  that  involve  work 
and  trouble  is  different  from  doin// 
them.  Her  second  choice  was  a  sketch 
called  '  The  Fireplace,'  by  J.  Annan, 
published  July  17,  which  she  called  a 
'  domestic  prose-poem.' 

A  Man's  Choice 

"  A  friend  of  mine  whose  head  runs 
to  statistics,"  went  on  the  Life  Sub- 
scriber, "  tells  me  that  the  best  things  in 
The  Outiook  so  far  as  he  is  concemfd 
are  the  articles  by  Theodore  H.  Price 
on  taxation,  the  currency,  and  the  rail- 


•DigitJ; 


:ecl  by  VJ^^VJV-IV^ 


roads.  Mr.  Price's  articles  on  'The 
Government  as  Railway  Manager'  in 
The  Outlook  of  August  7  and  ^ptem- 
ber  4  he  called  the  most  fair-minded, 
illnminatiTe,  and  sensible  treatment  of 
the  subject  he  had  seen.  Curiously 
enoogh,  this  hard-headed  business  man 
told  me  that  the  most  inspiring  thing  he 
had  read  for  a  long  time  was  the  group 
of  articles  you  lately  published  called 
*  Making  the  Maimed  Whole,'  in  which 
crimiled  men  told  how  they  had  suc- 
oeetfed  in  making  good.  The  very  titles 
ol  these  men's  artides, '  Usefid  as  Other 
Men  Are,'  by  Lacy  Simms,  Superin- 
tendmt  of  SdK>ols  in  JHevr  Mexico,  and 
'The  World  a  Very  Cheerful  Place,' 
by  a  yoong  man  who  had  lost  both 
his  hands  but  none  of  his  usefulness, 
braced  him  up,  he  said,  in  these  da^  of 
angoish  for  so  many  wounded  soldiers. 

Some  Readers  |lead  Poetry 

"  Another  friend,"  continued  the  Life 
Sabecriber,  who  explained  that  he  had 
so  many  friends  who  enjoy  The  Outlook 
because  he  had  persistently  pushed 
forward  a  good  thing  among  them, 
knowing  that  he  would  win  their  grati- 
tude by  doing  so — "  another  friend 
finds  the  poetry  in  The  Outlook  much 
to  his  likmg.  He  quoted  one  stanza 
of  a  poem  uiat  he  had  committed  to 
taemory — he  found  it  on  a  back  page : 

"  Who  win  give  as  a  song  for  them — 
The  silent  marching  men  ? 
Trumpet  and  bngle  and  fife  in  it, 
The  passion  and  pride  of  life  in  it, 
And  the  old  mad  joy  of  strife  in  it, 
A  song  for  marchuig  men  ! 

**  He  said  he  didn't  care  much  for  the 
new-fashioned  'free  verse,'  but  one 
thine  of  that  sort  had  stuck  in  bis  mem- 
ory Decanse  it  paid  a  tribute  to  the 
humble  woriters  in  the  Navy,  who  are 
apit  to  be  overlooked  in  the  war : 

"  Quietly  they  work  apon  the  mighty  deep. 
Down  in  the  bellies  of  many  ships 
They  shovel  coal, 
The  stokers. 
Others  high  in  cro'nests  gaze  afar 
For  periscopes  against  the  waves, 
For  lutting  rocks  and  baoys, 
For  hghtboiises  and  mines, 
For  rafts  and  men  afloat, 
And  for  the  great  blue  stretch 
Of  distant  land. 

Let  us  here  praise  them, 

These  men. 

The  men  of  our  Navy, 

Oar  Navy  most  glorious. 

"  And  'Wild  Bird,"  by  H.  T.  Pul- 
sifer,  in  The  Outlook  of  February  6,  he 
mentioned  as  a  fine  example  of  imagi- 
native appeal  in  verse. 

The  Happy  Eremite 

"■  This  same  friend,  who  has  a  taste 
for  verse,  tells  me  that  there's  a  lot  of 
poetry,  in  his  estimation,  in  the  short, 


pithy  editorials  you  publish  by  the 
'  Happy  Eremite.'  He  read  one  tp  me 
called  '  Goldenrod,'  in  The  Outlook  of 
September  11,  and  I  had  to  agree  with 
him." 

Current   History  for  Young  and 
Old 

"  Do  your  young  people  find  inter- 
esting things  in  The  Outlook?"  the 
editor  here  interjected  while  the  Life 
Subscriber  took  breath. 

"My  quotation  from  it  of  Robert 
Lees's  opinion  might  answer  that  ques- 
tion," the  Life  Subscriber  replied. 
"You  might  think  that  there  is  not 
much  for  the  youngsters  in  a  serious 
magazine  like  The  Outlook.  But  I  know 
a  schoolmaster  who  says  his  pupils  get  a 
lot  of  enjoyment  out  of  it.  He  finds  in 
the  Department '  A  Weekly  Outline  of 
Current  History,'  by  J.  Madison  Gath- 
any,  a  source  of  continual  interest  to 
his  pupils  who  are  old  enough  to  know 
something  about  public  affairs — and 
even  the  young  children  seem  to  do 
that  now.  That  reminds  me  of  an  anec- 
dote I  saw  in  one  of  the  back  pages  of 
The  Outlook  that  showed  that  even  a 
boy  of  four  is  '  onto '  things  in  these 
days.  It  went  something  like  this : 

"  Seven-year-old  (explaining  theol- 
ogy to  four-year-old).  Yes,  GeofErey, 
God  is  everywhere — in  everything,  m 
us,  in  everybody. 

Four-year-Moi.  How  do  you  know 
that,  brother? 

Seven,  Well,  mother  says  so. . . . 
It's  a  great  puzzle. . . .  Nobody  under- 
stands it. . . . 

Fatir  (after  reflection).  Is  God  in 
the  Germans  ? 

Seven  (doubtfully).  Yes,  God  is  in 
the  Germans. 

Four  (earnestly).  I'll  bet  you  don't 
know  that,  brother ! 

"  Those  boys  were  perhaps  somewhat 
advanced,  but  I  know  that  boys  a  little 
older  take  an  intelligent  interest  in  the 
war  as  interpreted  by  a  live  school- 
teacher with  Mr.  Gathany's  help.  And 
of  course  older  students  and  thoughtful 
readers  generally  find  such  a  review 
interesting  and  profitable. 

The  Book  Reviews 

"There  are  perhaps  not  so  many 
notable  books  published  in  these  war 
times  as  in  other  days,"  the  Life  Sub- 
scriber resumed,  after  running  his 
thumb  over  the  pages  of  The  Outlook 
volume,  "  but  there  are  tL  lot  more  re- 
viewed in  The  Outlook  than  I  can  afford 
to  buy.  That's  one  other  thing  I  like 
about  my  favorite  weekly — its  book  re- 
views are  short  enough  »)r  a  busy  man 
to  read.  And  by  sayin?  what  is  to  be 
said  tiersely  The  Outlomc  has  space  to 
talk  about  ten  times  as  many  books 
as  it  otherwise  could.  So  it  offers  a  run- 
ning comment  on  '  literature  as  she  is 


made.'  Iilike  to  get  the  thing  in  a  nut> 
shell.  And  I  happen  to  know  that  these 
nutshell  reviews  often  hit  the  mark. 
One  of  my  friends  makes  books,  and  in 
a  note  to  me  about  his  latest  literary 
offspring  he  said,  in  discussing  its  re- 
ception by  the  press :  , 

"  Content  means  much  more  than 
space,  and  though  The  Outhx^'s  re- 
view of  my  book  was  short,  it  meant  a 
great  deal  to  me.  Tlie  papers  have 
been  kind  to  me,  but  notfaii^.has  i^ 
peared  that  savs  as  much  m  a  few 
words  as  its  little  review. 

"  Of  course  when  there  is  a  big  book 
that  demands  a  longer  criticism,  The 
Outlook  ^ives  the  s{>ace  to  it.  I  recall 
some  reviews  of  this  sort  by  George 
Kennan,  a  writer  whom  one  always  re- 
spects for  his  plenitude  of  knowledge 
and  his  systematic  way  of  expressing  it. 
One  particularly  good  review  by  him 
was  on  Professor  Ross's  book,  '  Russia 
in  Upheaval  * — here  it  is  in  The 
Ontlook  for  October  2.  Another  good 
review  of  this  sort  was  on  Osbom's 
'  The  Origin  and  Evolution  of  Life.'  by 
Theodore  Roosevelt,  whose  wonderful 
range  of  interest  is  shown  by  his  book 
reviews,  which  in  some  way  you  fre- 
quently secure  for  The  Outlook. 

Some  Notable  Miscellaneous 
Arlicles  of  the  Past  Year 

*'  You  ask  me,  Mr.  Editor,  the  titles 
of  some  other  notable  features  that  have 
appealed  to  a  diligent  reader  of  The 
Outlook  within  the  past  year.  Somil 
that  come  to  mind  at  random  are  these  ** 
— and  again  the  Life  Subswiber  ran 
through  the  pages  of  the  bound  vol- 
umes :  "  Here^  is  a  striking  character- 
ization of  the  German  pieople  as  war- 
mad,  by  Professor  Joseph  JfuttroU,  ^- 
titled  '  Mania  Teutonica '  (January  9)  j 
'  Hats,'  a  delightful  sketch  by  Dorothy 
Canfield  of  a  philosophical  commerciu 
traveler  in  war-swept  Paris  (August  28) ; 
'  Negro  Soldiers,'  by  Lieutenant  Charles 
C.  Lynde,  a  pleasantly  humorous  ad^ 
count  of  the  mobilizing  of  our  brave 
Negro  troops  (March  13);  'No.  10 
Downing  Street,'  a  striking  description 
of  the  British  Premier,  Lloyd  George, 
and  his  methods,  .id  -Work,  by  Robert 
Donald,  editor  of  the  Ijondo;u> ,'  C^rmb> 
icle'  (April  24);  '  Soldiers  "of  Law  imd 
Order,'  by  Katherine  Mayo,  a  thrilling 
account  of  the  work  of  the  Pennsylvania 
State  Police  (March  20). 

"'The  Administration:  An  Ap- 
praisal,' was  the  best  characterization 
of  the  Administration's  personnel  that 
has  appeared,  I   think — it  was  by  'a 

yerson  on  the  inside '  and  was  published 
one  19.  Other  things  that  I-  liked 
were:  'Paul  Chapman,'  a  study  in 
criminology,  by  Berenice  C.  Skidelsky 
(August  14);  'Facts  and  Counsel 
for  the  American  Girl,'  by  Winifred 


Digitized  by 


VJ^^VJ 


6' 


^ 


Book,  an  mmsaally  sensiUe  diBoasrion 
of  young  wcnoen's  problems  (May  1) ; 
'Human  Nature  in  Politics,  by 
F.  M.  Davenport,  a  study  in  New 
Yoi^  City  a£Eairs  that  every  so-called 
'highbrow'  should  read  and  ponder 
(Jiuy  SI) ;  '  Music  a  Necessary  Part  of" 
the  Soldier's  E^iuipment,'  by  Walter  B. 
Spalding,  a  plea  for  the  power  of  music 
in  arousing  the  soldier's  enthusiasm 
(June  5) ;  "The  Ship  that  was  Built  in 
Twenty-seven  Days,'  by  A.  H.  Beard, 
being  uie  story  of  the  Tuckahoe  (July 
24);  'President  Lincoln's  Address  at 
Qettysburg,'  by  an  eye-witness,  J.  B. 
Rdinensnyder,  an  unusual  contribution 
to '  Lihcolniana  (February  13);  'Boy 
Ctdtute  and  Agriculture,*  by  A.  D. 
Chahdlei*,  inspiring  stories  of  the  saving 
work  of  a  bom  helper  of  boys  (January 
2)i  'Italy's  Fight  for  Liberty,'  by 
G..  C.  Speraiiza,  The  Outlook's  special 
correspondent  in  Italy  (September  12, 
1917) ;  •  Digging  at  the  Root  of  the 
Food  Problem,'  an  instructive  debate  on 
the  farmer's  difficulties  by  farmers  and 
'others  (December  6, 1917) ;  '  Stories  of 
the  Intern^'  by  £liza  R.  Scidmore — 
sketches  of  'hospitable  Switzerland' 
and  the  contrast  between  French  and 
German  soldiers  interned  there  (Decem- 
ber 6,  1917) ;  '  Some  American  Period- 
icals,' by  Brander  Matthews,  a  delight- 
ful rambling  sketch  of  some  of  the  men 
and  journals  that  have  helped  to  make 

literary  America  what  it  is and  so 

on  and  so  on.  I  might  go  through  these 
issues  of  The  Outlook  tor  the  past  year 
and  pick  out  good  things  in  every  num- 
ber. If  you  wul  promise,  Mr.  Editor,  to 
do  as  well  by  us  next  year,  you  ought 
to  win  a  eood  many  additions  to  your 
corps  of  Life  Subscribers." 

A  Working  Editor's  Promise 

"Well,"  said  the  editor  thus  ad- 
dressed, "  you  have  convinced  me  that 
'Hie  Outlookhas  really  been  worth  while 
during  the  past  year.  And  all  the  edi- 
tors are  going  to  work  to  make  it  still 
more  worth  while  in  1919." 

"  Sir,"  said  the  Life  Subscriber,  as 
be  shook  hands  with  the  editor  in  leav- 
ing, "  you  have  cut  out  a  job  for  your^ 
selves. 

The  Outlook  afid  the  War 

Bat  just  as  the  Life  Subscriber  turned 
to  leave,  he  stopped. "  One  thing  more," 
he  said ;  "  I  am  sometimes  asked  what 
was  the  attitude  of  The  Outlook  at 
the  beginning  of  the  European  war,  and 
whether  its  views  of  unconditional  sur- 
render to-day  harmonize  with  its  views 
in  1914." 

"I  think,"  said  the  editor,  "that 
your  question  can  be  answered  in  a  very 
few  words. 

.  "  In  our  issue  of  August  15, 1914, 
which  went  to  press  on  August  8, 1914, 
and  was  therefore  the  first  issue  in 


which  we  could  express  any  opinion  on 
the  general  European  war,  we  said : 

"History  will  hold  the  German 
Emperor  responsible  for  the  war  in 
Europe.  Aastria  would  never  have 
made  her  indefensible  attack  on  Serbia 
if  she  had  not  been  assured  before- 
hand of  the  support  of  Germany.  The 
Grerman  Emperor's  consent  to  co-oper- 
ate with  England  in  mediation  would 
have  halted  Austria's  advance.  His 
refusal  was  notice  to  all  Europe  that 
Giermany  was  Austria's  ally  in  her 
predetermined  attack  on  Serbia. 

"  In  our  issue  of  May  19, 1915,  which 
went  to  press  on  May  12,  1915,  and 
was  the  first  issue  in  which  we  could 
comment  upon  the  sinking  of  the  Lusi- 
tania,  we  said : 

"  The  sinking  of  the  Lnsitania  was 
not  an  act  of  war,  it  was  a  crime — the 
crime  of  murder.  ,  .  .  Does  America 
owe  any  duty  of  protection  to  its  citi- 
zens in  foreign  lands  and  on  the  high 
seas  ?  Patient  waiting  has  done  nothing. 
Protesting  words  have  done  nothing. 
In  the  presence  of  wholesale  assassina- 
tion The  Outlook  is  not  neutral.  We 
believe  the  time  has  come  for  National 
action.  In  such  a  crisis  courage  is  a 
duty  and  timidity  a  crime. 

"In  our  issue  of  October  30,  1918, 
in  commenting  upon  the  Germaii  over- 
tures for  peace,  we  said : 

**  Unconditional  surrender  ;  the 
marching  of  Allied  troops  into  Berlin 
as  a  visible  sign  of  this  surrender ;  the 
dictation  of  the  terms  of  peace  and 
reparation  by  an  Allied  Ckinncil  sitting 
in  Berlin  ;  — these  are  the  terms  which 
the  people  of  the  United  States,  France, 
Belgium,  Italy,  Great  Britain,  and 
their  associates  demand  before  they 
will  agree  to  a  cessation  of  the  war. . . . 
The  Unconditional  Surrender  Club, 
described  by  a  correspondent  on  another 
page,  rests  upon  something  deeper  and 
firmer  than  mere  sentiment.  It  is 
founded  upon  the  principles  of  historic 
justice. 

"These  three  quotations  from  the 
editorial  utterances  of  The  Outlook 
portray  the  course  which  it  has  pursued 
persistently  and  consistently  during  the 
entire  four  years  of  the  war." 


Afterwards  the  editor  thought  to  him- 
self that  he  might  have  told  the  Life 
Subscriber  at  least  two  or  three  things 
about  the  future.  It  is  "  true  as  true  " 
that  because  The  Outlook  is  first  and  fore- 
most "  a  weekly  newspaper,"  the  best  and 
most  important  part  of  the  paper  is  that 
planned  at  the  last  moment,  or,  if  not 
that,  at  least  within  two  or  three  weeks 
of  actual  publication.  It  is  true  that 
analysis  of  the  features  which  have 
especially  attracted  and  pleased  the 
Life  Subscriber  woidd  show  that  two 
out  of  three  were  just  such  articles  of 
current  interest. 

Yet  every  editor  looks  forward,  and  a 
few  "  things  to  come  "  would  have  inter- 


ested the  Life  Subscriber  because  they 
are  of  the  type  and  character  of  those 
he  liked. 

For  instance,  one  knows  from  what 
he  said  of  his  appreciation  of  the  special 
correspondence  from  Gregory  Mason 
that  he  will  find  enjoyment  in  a  group 
of  articles  from  Mr.  Mason  sent  from 
England  relating  to  naval  activities 
there — and  some  other  things.  The 
very  titles  are  appetizing — "  Inside  the 
Bar  "  and  "  Out  with  the  Fog-Hounds  " 
have  already  appeared ;  other  titles  are 
"Weary  Watchers"  and  "The  Good 
Ship  Sausage."  He  will  like  to  know, 
also,  that  Mr.  Mason  is  at  this  writing 
in  Paris,  and  that  from  France  wiU 
come  a  new  series  of  articles  direct  from 
the  scene  of  interest  and  with  special 
relation  to  American  activities. 

Another  feature  of  war  interest  will 
be  a  series  of  articles  from  Mr.  Ernest 
H.  Abbott,  of  the  editorial  staff  of  The 
Outiook,  who  is  to  visit  England  and 
France.  He  will  have  special  and 
unusual  opportunities  for  seeing  war 
o(mditions  and  learning  the  feeling  and 
opinions  of  people  in  those  countries. 

Again,  those  who  have  enjoyed  Lieu- 
tenant Freeman's  '^  Getting  Together  " 
articles  will  be  pleased  to  know  tiMit  a 
third,  called  "What  the  American 
Bluejacket  Thinks  of  Britain  and  the 
British,"  is  marked  for  publioaticm  at 
an  early  date. 

In  fiction,  it  may  be  predicted  that 
the  Th^ophile  Stories  will  equal  the 
success  of  the  Arnold  Adair  stories. 
The  author  is  Donal  H.  Haines,  several 
of  whose  stories  have  already  appeared 
in  The  Outiook.  Th^phile,  jtoilu,  is 
both  hero  and  cook.  He  is  shrewd,  hu- 
morous, and  resourcefuL  "The  Trou- 
sers of  Th^phile,"  "  The  Super-Cook." 
"  The  Mutiny  of  Th^phile,"  and  the 
other  Th^phile  stories  are  full  of  fan 
and  patriotism.  By  the  way,  still  another 
Arnold  Adair  story  is  to  appear — and 
perhaps  it  is  the  best  of  all  those  stories. 

Now  the  editor  thinks  that  he  may 
fittingly  dose  this  retrospectus-prospeo- 
tus  by  quoting  from  a  letter  that  lies  <hi 
his  desk  from  one  who,  when  ocmtrasted 
with  the  Life  Subscriber,  is  a  oompan- 
tively  new  reader  of  The  Outiook,  and 
who  finds  special  help  and  insturatian 
in  the  forward-looking  editorial  policy 
and  programme  of  this  journal : 

"  Events  have  proved  The  Outlook  a 
dependable  leader  in  war  times.  It  b 
more  than  that.  It  is  a  leader  in  peace 
times.  It  is  a  leader  all  the  time.  Iti 
political  philosophy  is  sound,  its  ero- 
nomic  phdosophy  is  sound,  and  so  are 
its  moi^  and  its  religious  philosophy. 
Th^e  things  are  of  primary  oonoem  to 
America's  welfare,  and  thiese  are  the 
things  which  I  sincerely  believe  The 
Outiook,  to  a  greater  and  vaate  balanced 
degree  than  any  other  American  period- 
iciu,keepe  before  itself  asaprogramme." 


Digitized  by  VJWVJV  1*^ 


THE   OUTLOOK 


417 


Donths  now,  and  haven't  seen  a  U-boat  yet ;  but  neither  have 

lost  a  ship  out  of  any  convoy.  Fritz  is  getting  pretty  leery  of 
rattinff  into  these  convoys.  He  doesn't  like  our  a8h-«ans  a  bit." 

He  IomIs  tiie  way  aft  and  shows  the  depth  charges,  which 
ndeed  have  a  dose  resemblance  to  small  covered  ash-oans.  They 
ire  arranged  on  trades  on  the  fan-tail  stem.  Each  holds  three 
inndred  pounds  of  TNT  (trinitrotoluol). 

The  captain  leads  the  way  forward  agfun,  pointing  out  the 
riple  torpedo  tubes  on  each  side  of  t&  ship,  drawn  inboard 
low,  but  oi^ble  of  being  swnng  ont  and  aimed  in  a  few  sec- 
nds.  Farther  akmg  are  the  guns — a  port  gan,  a  starboard  gun, 
nd  a  gun  forwara  of  the  oridse — painted,  as  is  everything 
Tom  stacks  to  whaleboat,  in  aoooraance  with  the  general  scheme 
I  camouflage.  We  dimb  to  the  bridge,  and  there  the  captain 
hows  me  two  handles  attached  to  wires  which  lead  down  and 
it  A  pull  on  one  of  these  handles  and  a  depth  charge  would 
IB  released,  to  be  exploded  at  any  deptii  to  which  a  submarine 
rould  dare  to  descend.  The  whole  ship  is  managed  from  the 
nidge.  Speaking-tubes  connect  with  each  gim  and  with  the 
Tow^s-nest,  from  which  the  spotting  officer  woiudgive  the  ranges ; 
oice  tabes  lead  also  to  the  after  bridge,  to  the  torpedo  tubes, 
he  chart-room,  and,  of  oonrse,  to  the  fire-room. 

Above  each  of  those  handles  on  the  bridge  there  is  a  small 
m  can  which  smokes  and  glows  when  tiirown  into  the  water  at 
be  spot  where  Frits  first  is  sighted,  so  that  he  can  be  bombed 
nth  pretty  aoourate  rerard. 

It  IS  noon  now,  and  ul  but  the  watch  ^  to  hmoh.  The  crew 
at  below  in  the  little  fo'c's'le,  unless,  as  is  usual,  they  prefer  to 
it  down  on  deck  with  their  heaped-up  plates  where  there  is  less 
ndnoement  to  seasickness.  Destroyer  service  is  popular  with 
loth  officers  and  seamen,  for,  while  the  work  is  hard,  it  b  inter- 
sting,  and  red  tape  is  discarded.  But  there  is  no  more  un- 
i^py  motion  thau  the  motion  of  a  destroyer.  The  extreme 
mgui  and  extreme  narrowness  of  the  boat  make  her  roU  in  the 
latest  sea,  and  it  is  a  sickening,  twisting  roU  combined  with 
I  pitch,  as  if  the  ship  were  trying  to  turn  her  own  inwards  out 
ly  muscular  convulsions.  In  the  Tittle  ward-room  where  officers 
at  we  find  chairs  lashed  to  the  table  and  all  dishes  in  racks. 
Emulating  the  junior  officer  ("  muffin  hound  "  is  the  familiar 
lavy  term  for  his  rank),  I  confine  myself  to  a  slice  of  delidous 
oast  and  another  pickle,  although  the  meal  served  by  the  flli- 
lino  mess-boys  is  daintily  appetizing  enough  to  revive  a  very 
resry  stomach. 

Every  one  is  in  sea  togs  now,  which  means,  as  I  was  fore- 
dvised,"  tiie  oldest,  heaviest  clothes  you  own ;"  leather  sea  boots 
0  knees,  old  riding-breeches  or  overalls,  flannel  shirts,  sweaters, 
lackinaws,  sheepskin  coats.  It  is  hard  to  distinguish  officers 
rom  men  when  they  are  together  on  deck. 

Our  officers  are  a  well-btJanoed  lot.  The  captain  and  execu- 
ive  officer,  who  are  "^three-stripers  " — that  is,  commanders — 
nd  the  ordnance  officer  are  Annapolis  men ;  three  watch  offi 
era  are  chaps  who  left  good  positions  in  civilian  life  "  for  the 
nration  of  uie  war ;"  and  the  chief  engineer  is  a  "  mustang" — 
bat  is,  an  officer  who  has  risen  from  the  ranks  of  enlisted  men. 
Iiere  is  much  good-natured  chaffing  between  the  Regulars  and 
teserves,  but  the  former  will  tell  you  privately  that  the  latter 
lake  excellent  officers.  The  eldest  of  our  trio  of  Reserve  men 
as  left  a  wife  and  children  and  a  fine  job  with  the  Pennsyl- 
ania  Railroad  to  hunt  U-boats.  The  other  two  have  not  been 
at  of  college  so  long  but  that  their  fame  in  civUian  life  still 
ests  largely  on  the  laurels  they  won  as  undergraduates.  One 
iiwed  three  seasons  in  a  Princeton  shell.  The  other,  the  "  mnf- 
n  honnd,"  ran  the  quarter-mile  for  Dartmouth,  and  ran  it 
•ell — so  well  on  one  octawion  that  the  great  Ted  Meredith,  of 
'ennsylvania,  was  forced  to  make  a  new  world's  record  to  keep 
bead  of  him.  "  Prince-to«  "  and  "  D<rtm'th,"  as  they  call 
ieb  other,  both  have  to  duck  their  heads  several  inches  when 
wy  go  to  Ae  little  cabin  which  they  share  forward  of  the  ward- 
mm. 

All  the  afternoon  the  eight  ships  keep  their  formation  by 
mum,  signaling  oooasionally  \rith  niags,  semaphore,  or  blinking 
imps.  Ul  the  morning  we  are  to  pick  up  the  convoy,  and  then 
te  work  begins,  so  ul  but  the  watch  turn  in  early.  There  is 
otbtng  like  a  day's  battle  with  seasickness  to  make  you  sleep. 
lumen  chairs  break  moorings  and  skid  around  the  ward-room, 
iiMigD  books  fly  out  of  one  case  when  she  pitches  and  out  of 


another  when  she  rolls,  I  sleep  serenely,  wedged  in  with  many 
cushions  on  a  lounge  in  the  ward-room. 

At  five  in  the  morning  it  is  light,  but  there  is  no  sign  of  the 
other  seven  ships  from  our  slippery  deck.  At  5:30  you  can  jnst 
make  out  a  destroyer  off  to  starboard  through  the  haze.  We . 
are  in  scouting  line  now,  ranged  out  at  intervals  abreast  as  we 
hunt  for  the  thirty-two  cargo  boats  poking  along  somewhere  in 
that  drizzle.  Because  of  the  low  visibility  there  is  a  bare  two 
miles  between  each  of  us  and  the  next  on  the  line.  In  cleat 
weather  there  might  be  as  much  as  twdve  miles,  and  thus  the 
eight  could  cover  a  wide  sea  front  as  they  ntnge  for  their  con- 
voy. Now  we  are  covering  only  eighteen  mQes,  and  cursing  the 
Irish  mist. 

An  hour  later  it  responds  to  this  treatment,  and  lifts  to  a 
dull-gray  haze,  permitting  a  visibility  of  some  eight  miles  ahead. 
There  come  our  argosies  off  our  port  bow,  a  school  of  little 
black  tadpoles  trailing  great  tails  of  smoke.  We  signal  to  bur 
companions  and  hop  to  twenfty  knots  &s  We  bear  down  on  the 
slow-poke  freighters.  To  starboard  jump  out  of  the  grayness 
the  whole  pretty  seven  of  our  mates,  hopping  it  like  otirselves, 
half  under  at  every  roll  and  bows  smothered  in  bursting  white. 
VVe  converge  on  the  herded  freighters,  ring  than,  and  rmmd 
them  up,  slowing  the  mass  till  two  stragglers  overtake  it. 

There- is  nearly  every  known  species  oi  deep-sea  merdhantman 
in  that  thirty-two.  Stately  converted  passenger  liners,  slim 
fruit  boats  off  the  West  Indies  servide,  wheezy  tramps,  and 
tanks  with  their  characteristic  profile — the  profile  of  a  flying 
duck — the  motive  power  away  aft  of  the  body's  center.  Yacht 
bows,  clipper  bows,  battleship  bows,  and  what  not ;  shaps  with 
two  masts,  one  mast,  and  none ;  also  some  very  choice  examples 
of  the  camouflage  art,  ships  which  seem  to  have  just  had  an 
explosion  in  the  pfunt  locker. 

Scornfully  we  whip  them  into  formation — clumsy,  lifeless 
creatures,  no  style  to  them,  just  plugging  dullarfls,  the  cliar- 
women  of  the  sea.  How  dashing  we  look  from  their  decks,  what 
hopeless  "  boobs  "  they  seem  from  ours !  We  set  them  to  short 
zigzags,  and,  making  twice  their  pace,  we  range  up  and  down 
and  back  and  forth  around  them,  older  brothers  beaching  the 
flappers  to  swim. 

So  we  trudge  along  all  day,  trotters  irked  at  being  yoked 
with  bullocks,  guarding  them  solicitously.  A  bluff  ex-passenger 
boat,  resembling  a  floating  piano  box  smeared  with  catsup  and 
bluing,  signals  desperately  that  she  has  engine  trouble  and  can- 
not stand  the  pace — the  pace  !  So  the  Peony  lingers  to  watcJ) 
over  her,  and  mat  leaves  seven  of  us  to  guard  thirty-one.  Never 
fear,  the  "  Old  Man  "  back  in  the  Little  Town,  who  pulls  the 
wires  which  move  the  scores  of  patrol  craft  in  these  waters,  knows 
his  job.  He  knows  that  we  seven  at  about  sundown  shall  be 
nearing  a  favorite  staJking-gpround  of  the  U-boats.  Thus  at 
about  4:30  our  crow's-nest  lookout  shouts : ' 

"  Airplane  two  points  on  the  port  bow.  At" 

Here  comes  a  big  biplane,  his  under  wings  miurked  with  the 
tricolor  of  the  Allies  in  the  particular  arrangement  which  means ' 
"  British."  He  circles  us  again  and  again,  and,  a.*^  the  weather 
has  cleared,  he  could  now  see  a  submarine  wake  eight  or  ten 
miles.  An  hour  later  the  lookout  sings : 

"  Sail,  ho !  Eight  of  them  ahead,  sir." 

From  the  bridge  a  few  feet  below  the  i-row's-nest  it  is  several 
seconds  before  we  can  discern  eight  tiny  smud^  on  the  hori- 
zon, spaced  widely  apart.  "  Destroyers  scouting,"  says  our 
"  muffin  honnd,"  who  has  the  watch.  The  specks  of  their  hull? 
come  over  the  grade  and  rapidly  slide  nearer.  Soon,  with 
glasses,  we  can  see  that  they  are  painted  war  gray  instead  of 
piebaiu.  They  are  built  like  the  three  of  us,  nigh  liows  and 
arrow  bodies,  and  their  British  letter-numbers  are  big  on  their 
withers.  Well,  now  we  have  sixteen  guardians  to  wat«^h  the 
luml>eriDg  thirty-two.  Seeing  that  all  is  well,  the  airplaiu'  flies 
Imck  to  Ireland. 

In  the  ward-room  of  the  Lowell,  as  we  are  setting  our  teeth 
into  the  broiled  lobster  which  is  the  plvre  <h  reshtance  of  this 
evening's  dinner,  a  bell  clangs  harshly,  rapidly,  and  insistently, 
as  if  never  going  to  stop.  "  General  quarters,'  yells  the  skipper 
at  the  first  clang,  and  dives  out  through  the  companionway  with 
a  great  lobster  claw  in  his  teeth,  the  rest  of  us  tumbling  after 
him.  The  ship  shakes  as  if  from  a  distant,  muffle<l  explosion. 
Her  hat4>hes  are  vomiting  men   in  all  stages  of  d^'^«s.  some  in 


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418 


THE   OUTLOOK 


underclothing  and  bare  feet  joining  the  watch  already  on  deck 
in  sea  boots,  oils,  and  life-belts,  ^mehow  I  get  to  the  search- 
light ^tfonn  above  the  bridge,  the  highest  vantage-point  on 
the  ship  except  the  crow's-nest.  The  ship  trembles  from  a  second 
explosion. 

One  glance  about  reveals  the  cause  of  the  alarm.  We  are  on 
the  right  flank,  of  the  convoy.  Dead  astern  about  half  a  mile 
is  the  Peony  and  the  painted  box  of  a  converted  passenger  boat 
which  had  dropped  behind  with  engine  trouble.  The  damaged 
engine  had  been  repaired  and  the  two  ships  were  overhaiding 
us  when  the  Peony  sighted  an  oil  slick,  and  then  something 
which  she  took  to  be  a  submerging  periscope.  Whistling  the 
alarm  which  had  nmg  the  call  to  "  general  quarters  "  on  every 
other  ship,  she  jumped  to  the  spot  and  droptted  a  depth  charge, 
then  went  on  and  dropped  another.  A  wide  blister  on  the  sea 
marks  where  the  first  can  was  dropped,  and  a  smoking  buoy  near 
the  center  of  it  i^ives  the  same  information.  Nearer  to  us  the 
water  is  just  spbtting  and  boiling  from  the  force  of  the  second 
charge. 

The  straf^ler  who  had  the  engine  trouble  spurts  and  over^ 
takes  the  convoy,  which  veers  on  to  port.  The  Hepatica,  Bald- 
win, two  of  the  new  British  arrivals,  and  ourselves  draw  off  from 
the  herd  and  go  sniffing  about  for  signs  of  Fritz.  It  is  less  than 
a  minute  since  we  sounded  "  general  quarters,"  but  from  the 
searchlight  {Jatform  a  view  of  our  decks  shows  every  man  at 
his  station,  every  means  of  offense  and  defense  ready  for  instant 
action.  The  torpedo  tubes  liave  been  swiveled  out,  and  a  jacky 
sits  atop  each  triple  tube  ready  to  train  them  this  way  or  that. 
The  three  guns  are  fully  manned,  and  behind  each  a  tar  stands 
cradling  a  reserve  shell  in  Ins  arms.  A  gunner's  mate  at  the 
starboard  gun  is  stripped  to  the  waist,  one  shoulder  tattooed  with 
a  sea  serpent,  the  other  decorated  with  a  nude  damsel  reclining 
in  the  hollow  of  a  crescent  moon.  ("  Aw,  I  got  yer,  Bill,"  the 
ordnance  (^oer  overheard  a  pal  say  to  him ;  "  you've  stripped 
so  that  war  correspondent  can  see  what  a  real  sailor  looks  uke 
goin'  into  action.") 

The  sea  is  calming,  and  the  low  sun  shines  on  the  almost  white 
Hepatica  behind  us,  curveting  and  bowing,  a  pretty  maid  in  a 
minuet  There  is  no  sign  of  a  torpedo  and  no  more  oil  slicks. 
No  more  ash-cans  are  dropped,  and  tiie  Hepatica's  commander 
is  inclined  to  think  the  Peony's  periscope  was  a  bit  of  wreckage. 
Nevertheless  there  may  have  been  a  "  sub,"  and  every  one  praises 
the  Peony  for  her  vigilance  and  promptness. 

As  soon  as  we  have  rejoined  the  convoy  we  begin  to  see 
things.  First  a  few  boxes,  then  a  life-buoy,  then  a  raft,  then 
soipething  thin  and  dark  sticking  suspiciously  out  of  the  water. 
We  jump  for  it,  ready  to  ram,  and  find  the  tiny  mast  of  a 
water-logged  lifeboat  ^liat  tale  of  tragedy  could  it  teU? 
Were  the  poor  devils  who  launched  it  picked  up  or  drowned  ? 
We.  make  a  note  of  its  description,  then  sight  two  more  like  it ; 
smashed  shells  these — broken  by  wave  or  submarine's  merciless 
bow  ?  we  wonder. 

"  Homebody  was  bumped  around  here,  all  right,"  says  the 
skipper,  grimly. 

Sights  like  these  seamen  wiU  never  forget 

In  the  first  years  to  come  after  the  war  landsmen  may  indine 
to  soften  towards  Germany,  their  memories  may  relax.  But  the 
sea  with  its  stem  traditions,  its  iron-cast  code  which  breaks  a 
merchant  captain  for  losing  his  ship  under  circumstances  often 
excusable  and  often  after  years  of  faithful  service — the  sea  will 
never  forget  what  the  Germans  have  done,  and  the  sea  will 
never  forgive. 

We  slip  back  to  the  convoy  and  the  caracoling  destroyers. 
Have  you  ever  seen  forty-eight  ships  packed  together  within  a 
mile  or  two  of  sea  and  advancing  by  sharp  zigzags  ?  If  you  have, 
you  must  have  marveled  at  Uie  new  navigation  of  the  war. 
Close  together  they  hang,  between  each  one  and  the  next  not  a 
tenth  of  the  interval  which  would  have  been  considered  a  dan- 
gerous proximity  five  years  ago. 

In  the  south  is  a  long,  low  billow  of  fleecy  cloud  like  the 
smoke  of  a  distant  prairie  fire.  In  the  east  great  clouds  piled 
high  in  a  yellow  Olympus  are  stained  by  the  thin,  sacrificial 
smoke  of  the  hunted  ships  praying  for  harbors.  The  drooping 
sun  lias  set  the  whole  western  roof  of  the  world  ablaze  beyond 
slate-blue  curtains  of  cloud  licked  by  rippling  flames.  The  sun 
goes,  and  the  fire  beyond  the  blue  curtains  turns  to  ineffable 


fbvJ 


win 


yellow.  Darkness  swoops  down,  and  the  ships  go  on,  stdll  tacking 
about  in  unison,  with  never  a  running  light. 

When  it  is  all  over,  we  will  have  to  releam  the  <dd  navwstiaL 
In  the  morning  nine  of  the  cargo  boats,  the  four  ^JjBtisb 
sloops,  the  Taintor,  and  ourselves  are  left  to  hold  on  '     " 
while  the  others  veer  off  for  a  British  port.    Sigl 
green  coast  of  France  at  next  daybreak,  the  He 
for  the  two  Yankees  to  turn  home  ;  the  four 
see  the  reduced  convoy  into  harbor. 

"  Saturday  morning,  and  a  show  at  the  Men's  Clnb 
sinjn  our  "  muffin  hound."  "  Bo,  watch  our  smoke.'* 
He  is  on  watch,  and  at  a  nod  from  the  skipper  he 
the  voice  tube : 

"  Make  standard  speed  twenty  knots," 
That  means  about  twenty-one,  for  she  is  fastec 
builders  knew.   Her  run  from  San  Francisco  to  Irda 
Panama  Canal  is  still  a  record.  The  Taintor,  abreaafe 
port,  begins  to  fall  back.  We  watch  her,  grinning. 

"•  Aha,  she's  lit  two  more  kettles,"  exults  our  ^i] 

of  his  ship,  whose  two  boilers  have  forced  her  sister 

The  Taintor  picks  up  slowly  and  be|pns  to  blow  < 

"  Feeling  fit,  are  you  ?"  jeers  the  skipper.    "  All 

And  ne  sends  word  for  our  third  and  fourth  ** 


on 


be  lighted  also,  and  sets  standard  speed  at  twent; 
(about  twenty-six  land  miles)  an  hour.  On  their  fu 
destroyers  could  make  more  than  thirty  knots  an 
all-wiae  naval  directorship  has  stopped  the  pleasant 
racing  into  port 

We  bowl  along  abreast,  blowers  roaring  throttgli 
deck  ventilators,  hoping  against  hope  that  we  wiU 
Hun.    There  is  not  much  chance  of  that,  thongh. 
might  attack  a  lone  destroyer  if  presented  with  a  g 
but  would  hardly  attempt  two  of  them,  and  not  un< 
ditions,  at  any  rate,  the  sea  being  so  rough  that  tiia 
draught  torpedo  which  it  is  necessary  to  use  against  a 
would  *'  wash  out "  and  lose  all  control  and  direction. 

A  heavy  fog  shuts  down  on  us  and  stays  all  day.  We  nevn 
slacken  our  pace,  but  nose  on  through  it,  sea  hounds  sceDdnj 
home.  In  spite  of  the  fog,  the  breeze  stiffens. 

"  Isn't  she  pretty  ?"  asks  the  skipper,  pointing  to  ooz  aiitn 
close  at  hand.    White  shredded  waves  are  streaming  1)    '    ~ 
her  sides  and  over  her  head  like  agitated  hair.    ^e. 
ward  eagerly  and  playfully  to  meet  the  bloMrs  of  the- 
of  a  lover  she  knows  will  not  hurt  her. 

"  This  is  like  a  game,"  says  the  skipper,  wistfully  ; 

fou  for  anything  else.    I  wouldn't  swap  this  ship  a 
Pennsylvania.  But  I'll  soon  be  too  old  for  destroyeai 
organize  big  flotillas  of  them." 

It  is  a  game — to  be  skipper  of  a  submarine-hun 
a  darting  arrow  of  a  thousand  tons  of  tempered  s< 
express  speed  by  the  strength  of  eighteen  thousand 
a  game,  the  sportingest  game  on  the  sea. 

At  six  o'clock  we  sight  through  the  mist   the 
banks  at  the  harbor  mouth  which  we  left  shining  i 
Our  executive  officer  has  made  bis  landfall  squarely., 
yard,  he  has  steered  the  hundreds  of  miles  th 
rain. 

"  That's  navigation,"  says  the  "  muffin  hound. 

Below  in  the  ward-room  they  are  tuning  up 
on  "  The  Red  Cow  in  Mobile,"  sung  only  when 
home  pastures. 

"  Permission  to  enter  the  harbor  granted,"  si 
ship,  and   we  chum  up  the  narrow  channel 
devices  set  for  Huns,  our  sister's  high,  sharp  nose 
at  our  heel.    In  past  some  littie  yawls,  past  a 
angular  hole  in  her  side  from  a  torpedo  which 
past  the  light-draught  side- wheel  mme^weepers  w; 
entrance  ^ean ;  around  paat  the  buoy  wiui  its  _ 
and  there  is  the  little  cathedral  town,  gray  now  in 

All  up  the  channel  to  our  berth  are  other  An 
ers  leashed  to  buoys  in  pairs  and  trios — -Joold, 
spirited  even  in  repose,  their  war  hides  bright    _ 
gray  background  ;  gay  dogs,  lean  d<^;8,  d<^  of  exi 

\v  e  and  our  sister  tie  up  together,  and  the  hounds  an  i> 
from  the  hunt. 
London,  September  9. 


•wn 


past 


wenti 


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CURRENT    EVENTS     ILLUSTRATED 


IC)  Paul  Thoni[»on 

WALTER   K.   EDGE,    OF  NEW   JERSEY  (REPUBLICAN) 
jovemor  Edgfe  was  elected  to  the  U,  S.  Senate  for  t!ie  fiill  term  of  six  years 


CO  Han<s&Ewiof 

TRUMAN  H.   NEWBERRY,   OF  MICHIGAN  (REPUBLICAN) 
Mr.  Newberry  was  elected  to  the  U.  S.  Senate,  defeating  Ileury  Ford 


n")  UnJerwood  &  Underwood 
ALKREI>    E.    fiMITH.   OF   NEW    YORK    (DEMOCRAT)  CHARLES  8.   WHITMAN,   OF  NEW  YORK  (REPUBLICAN) 

The  contest  between  Mr.  Suiith  and  Governor  Whitman  is  very  close,  and  the  result  is  iu  doubt  as  we  write  ;  it  may  possibly  be  decided  by  the  soldier  vote, 

wliicli  will  not  be  fully  counted  till  several  days  after  this  issue  of  The  Outlook  goes  to  press 


SOME    CANDIDATES    IN    •'PIVOTAL    STATES"    IN    THE    KECENT    KLECTl 


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1 


■C)  Paul  Thorn) 'Son 


COUNT  KAKOLYI,  OF  HUNGARY  _ 

In  tltp  hreak-up  of  the  Aimtrian  Empiii?  Comit  Karolyi  Ims  become  temportury 
head  of  the  new  Hiin^iriaii  Goveniiiient 


(C)  Underwood  &  Undenvood  ^^ 

AN  ENGLISH  hOUT)  MAYOR  RFA'IE\W)im  TROOPS 

The  Lord  Muynr  of  BnckiiiKhani  is  seen  in  the  ptQ«B  by  the  side  of  C 

Killxini.  in  coiiiniaiKl  of  American  trooiM,  bh  Hiey  jMss  In  n-virif^ 


'i  ■ 

m 

■ 

t'A 


i  m' 


(C)  liitcrnatioiial  l"ilni  ^>civii.. 

s.VN   FKANt  Lscu   ll()JJ>.-,   AN   OPEN   AlK  COIKT  AS  A   KK-iULT  OF  THE  El'lUKMlO 

To  le<wen  the  danger  of  spreiulinK  the  influenza  siOTurije,  the  police  court  iittiiials  iu  San  Francisco  moved  tlieir  couit-iiK)ni  to  the  park  near  the  H»II  "•  J"*""*- 
the  monument  to  Robert  Ixaiis  Stevenson — an  evideni'e  of  the  hif^h  rcfjanl  in  wliiili  ilm  mivi'list  is  held  in  ili«  lity  where  he  once  lived  before  fiuiie  came  " 


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(C)    Kadffl  &-  HerV.ert 

A   DUMMY   GKRMAN   FRIOHTKN8   AWAY   THK    IIIRDS 


BRITISH  SOLDIERS   HELPING   A   FRENCH  GIRL  HARVESTER 

IN  FRANCE'S  FIELDS  REDEEMED  FROM  THE   INVADERS 


— « 


ERCI  AUX  AMERICAINS, 

W.m^.mmv  IHilU  MS  m m  COKMISSiaK  fOK RELIEF  IN  BaGIU^i' 


XRB 


t«8l 


ICRB^*» 


■<A 


m 


I  from  M    l: 

ilCAN 
The 


GENKROSITV   KF.(()<{NIZKI>   IN    I'l.AC  .\lil>s  AND   UV  (MIATEKIL   KECIPIENTS  AT  SAINT  GUXES,   NKAU   BKUSSEI> 
photOKTni>li  sihows  h  Ki-onp  of  childii'ii  al  a  lifaiiinmrterf  fin  tlic  lii-tfrilmtiiiu  of  relief  to  Ihe  inipnrerisliwl  'nl>''''>i!jflrt^i2^IMKVl!;jf^3C3y  lv_ 


(C)  Ksild  &  Herbert 

,    UNDER  GUARD— A  GROUP  OF  GERMAN  PUISONEKS 
The  taking  hj  the  Allies  of  vaat  nnmbers  of  prigonen,  of  whom  a  sample  gionp 
captured  in  the  present  offensiTe  are  shown  in  the  picture,  has  helped  to  break 
down  the  morale  of  the  Gemum  people 


A  WOMAN  SHIPYARD  WORKER 

In  the  Newark  (New  Jersey)  shipyard  women  are  being*  employed  not  onlj  in 
clerical  positions  but  in  construction  work,  as  seen  in  the  above  photograpli  of  > 
woman  operating  a  rivet-cntting  machine 


(C)  I  ttternattunal  Film  Service 


TRANSPORTING  A  GREAT  NAVAL  GUN  TO  THE  FRONT  FOR  USE  AGAINST  THE  GERMANS 
The  enterprise  of  Anierium  military  leaders  has  resulted  in  the  transfer  of  the  htige  gtms  on  some  of  our  naval  vessels,  by  the  use  of  speeiaUy  built  nilva;  <>* 


to  the  wp-*" 


wliere  they  are  bein^  employed  to  pound  the  Gerinau  defenses  to   pieces. 

only  as  siege  guns  or  on  ships 


Heretofore,  it  is  said,  guns  of  this  caliber  have  brrs 


A  QUIET  TOWN  IN  BELGIUM 


BY   CHARLOTTE   KELLOGG 


OR  numths  my  ears  had  been  filled  with  the  death-strokes 
of  the  guns ;  it  was  as  if  for  the  earth  a  new  and  horrible 
timepieoe  had  been  invented  that  tolled  off  with  terrible 
er  we  death  of  thousands  and  hundreds  of  thousands.  As 
1 1  had  shrunk  when  told  that  with  each  little  tick  of  the 
jood-hand  of  a  watch  a  soul  goes  out.  But  this  was  something 
aiuch  more — death  made  thimderingly  vocal.  The  constant 
BBence  of  it  was  inescapable — over  aU  the  land  the  irregular 
I  never-ceasing  death  roll  of  the  guns. 
ilB  a  member  of  the  Commission  for  Relief  in  Belgium  I  had 
several  months  been  in  the  southern  part  of  the  occupied 
ry,  where  the  death  elock  sounds  loudest.  I  had  heard  it 
I  psissed  from  strangled  towns,  where  at  every  door  and 
iow  stood  a  gray  invader,  to  others  where  tlie  German 
and  troops  were  for  the  first  time  pouring  in  in  num- 
and  where  the  brutal  process  of  requisition  and  ejection 
m  progress.  Maubeuge,  Toumai — shall  I  ever  be  free  from 
memories  ? 

r  months  of  this,  it  was  not  strange  that  I  should  turn 
relief  toward  the  north.  In  Has8elt,a  town  of  about  seven- 
thousand  inhabitants,  I  should  be  as  far  as  possible  from 
«  death  noises  and  the  misery  pictures.    For  Hasselt,  besides 
!ing  far  to  the  north  and  east,  near  the  Holland  border,  lies 
the  midst  of  an  agricultural  district,  which  means  that  its 
>ople  can  supplement  their  stem  war  ration  and  in  various 
s  mitigate  their  suffering.    I  therefore  drew  a  long  breath 
tumra  my  car  toward  uie  north, 
road  led  past  that  place  of  dust  and  ashes  where  Lou  vain 
'  her  treasure  for  the  world,  and  where,  as  by  some 
,  in  the  midst  of  destruction  the  Hotel  de  Yille  still 
its  wealth  of  el^fant  traceries  and  delicate  harmonies 
bed. 

the  square  I  succeeded  in  finding  a  sacristan,  who 
into  sadly  damaged  Saint  Pierre  for  a  few  minutes.    I 
from  wrecked  chapel  to  wrecked  chapel,  each  with  its 
,te  charred  spots*  and  blackened  streaks  testifying  to  suc- 
e  attempts  to  start  the  vandal  fires.  The  ancient  roof  had 
~  more  readily,  and  the  flames  starting  there  had  wrought 
test  min.  The  writing  on  the  walls  was  bold  and  clear ; 
difficult  to  control  one  s  self,  to  foroe  one's  self  to  exam- 
details  of  this  outrage, 
left  Lonvain  by  the  "  Station  Road,"  now  in  truth  only  a 
because  only  stone-heaps  remain  to  show  that  beautiful 
once  flanked  it.  I  hurried  out  by  this  avenue  of  desola- 
and  on  past  Aerschot  of  sinister  memories,  toward  the 

;  was  almost  evening  when  I  reached  Hasgblt.   As  I  passed 

Tribmial  Hall  I  saw  a  squad  of  gray-uniformed  soldiers 

off  the  large  grass-covered  square  in  front  of  it,  and 

ered  if  they  were  preparing  for  some  sort  of  military  tour- 

at  or  practice  maneuver. 

I  forgot  to  ask  at  our  offices.  Once  at  a  relief  office  door, 

!  only  thought  is  to  get  at  the  records  and  reports  and  to 

over  to  the  thrilling  maps  on  the  walls,  revealing  the 

■on  and  progress  of  the  wheat-bearing  barges. 

!  sky  was  low  and  gray  over  quiet  little  Hasselt  as  I 

[1  on  my  rounds  about  seven  the  following  morning.  And 

liately  I  felt  what  a  friendly,  open-hearted  city  this  must 

khave  been.  I  approached  the  central  square  by  way  of  the 

t  apothecary  mop  at  one  comer  of  it,  where  I  peeped 

I  at  the  dazzling  jars  with  their  strange  labels.    Outside, 

the  com«r  window,  a  mediaeval  .£sculapius,  with  a 

.  ol  perpetual  power,  still  cut  disease  in  two.    There  were 

atotfl  to  linger,  but  I  hastened  to  cross  the  square  toward 

where  I  knew  that  Mademoiselle  de  C.  and  her  helpers 

'already  placing  the  bowls  and '  pouring  the  milk  for 

than  a  hundred  waifs  who  but  for  her  would  have  no 

^.— fast. 

As  I  turned  into  this  street,  I  saw  crossing  it,  about  three 
jares  beyond  me,  a  strange,  silent  procession.  I  hurried  ahead. 


determined  to  follow  at  an  inconspicuous  dbtanoe.  Clearly  this 
was  not  a  funeral  cortege,  though  resembling  that  more  than 
anything  else,  with  its  long  line  of  marching  people,  fifty-seven 
on  foot,  and  the  black-covered  wagons — I  oomd  only  g^ess  at 
the  two  or  three  dozen  persons  inside  them.  I  counted  four 
priests  and  eleven  young  women,  and  noticed  especially  one 
very  distinguished-looking  elderly  gentleman.  But  I  dared  not 
follow  too  dosely,  nor  witii  a  too-apparent  interest,  for  the  line 
was  led  and  flanked  by  bayoneted  soldiers.  No  townspeople 
came  near,  nor  could  one  see  them  peering  from  the  windows. 
The  farther  I  followed,  the  more  deserted  the  street,  the  more 
terrible  and  unreal  the  whole  spectacle  became.  The  dumb, 
driven  line  with  the  black  wagons  spelled  terror  and  death. 

Presently  I  realized  that  we  were  approaching  the  wired-in 
plot  in  front  of  the  Tribunal  Hall ;  there  I  was  forced  to  stop. 
This,  then,  was  the  explanation  of  the  shutting  off  of  the  pretty 
grass  park,  this  was  the  "  tournament " !  Helpless,  with  their 
human  kind  herded  off  beyond  calling  distance  of  them,  the 
mute,  tortured  line  was  led  slowly  around  the  square,  up  the 
Tribunal  steps,  and  in  through  the  judgment  door. 

Then  suddenly  flashed  before  me  that  early  decree,  "  Trials 
for  espionage  shall  be  held  at  Hasselt."  And  I  sickened  as  I 
remembered  what  espionage  had  been  made  to  cover.  In  other 
countries — in  our  country — it  ineans  one  thing :  the  ferreting 
out  of  plans  of  the  enemy,  the  securing  of  information,  and  the 
forwarding  of  this  information  by  underground  or  hidden  ways. 
We  recognize  that  for  the  captured  man  or  woman  who  does 
this,  the  spy,  the  penalty  is  death. 

But  these  conquerors  who  deal  so  generously  in  death  have 
wished  to  extend  their  favors,  and  have  thrown  under  "  espio- 
nage "  acts  that  have  absolutely  nothing  to  do  with  the  gather- 
ing  or  furnishing  of  information  to  the  enemy.  Some  unfortu- 
nates have  been  caught  looking  at  a  forbidden  newspaper 
of  whistling  a  patriotic  air ;  others  have  "  insulted  "  a  German 
t>r  refused  to  work  for  him.  If  a  boy's  patriotism  spurs  him 
to  attempting  to  cross  the  Meuse  into  Holland,  in  the  hoi>e 
of  joining  his  army,  or  if  his  sister  and  mother  know  of  his 
hope  ana  seek  in  any  way  to  further  it,  these  are  guilty  of 
espionage. 

I  looked  across  just  as  a  young  girl  was  going  through  the 
door  ;  next  passed  in  a  priest — had  he  comforted  his  people  ? 

Too  ill  to  stand  there  longer,  and  with  a  kind  of  imreasoned 
fear  at  my  own  heart,  I  turned  away.  At  the  edge  of  the 
restricted  area  I  came  upon  a  group  of  women  huddled  against 
the  comer  of  a  building,  as  if  the  wind  had  blown  them  there. 
With  their  black  shawls  drawn  closely  about  them,  they 
crouched,  watching,  waiting — waiting  for  the  sunset,  when  the 
dread  door  would  reopen  and  the  gray  guards  would  lead  out 
the  line  they  had  driven  in  that  morning,  but  not  all  of  that 
line.  In  terror  each  wife  and  mother  and  sister  would  run  her 
eye  along  it  to  see  if  her  man,  her  girl,  her  dear  one,  had  for 
this  day  escaped  condemnation. 

And  to-morrow  morning  they  would  huddle  together  again 
at  this  comer  for  just  these  two  precious  glimpses  of  their  loved 
ones — their  going  and  their  returning,  if  return  they  might — and 
alwa3ra  in  fear  lest  this  last  human  comfort  should  be  snatched 
from  them  and  they  should  be  driven  from  their  comer.  Morn- 
ing after  terrible  morning  the  ever-tliminishing  procession — for 
each  day  some  did  not  return — woidd  march  from  the  prison  to 
the  court-room,  and  in  the  evening  back  to  the  prison,  until  its 
unfortunates  had  ended  their  marching  in  German  prisons,  or 
against  walls,  or,  for  the  lucky  few,  in  at  least  temporary  free- 
dom. No  sooner  would  this  tragic  procession  end  than  another 
would  bee^n  marching.  For  from  all  over  Belgium  men,  women, 
priests,  girls,  boys,  are  driven  to  this  chosen  center  of  German 
justice  for  trial,  without  jury  and  often  without  counsel,  and  in 
a  foreign  tongue.  No,  Hasselt  was  hardly  the  heaven  I  had  imag- 
ined. There  were  only  eighty-seven  in  quiet  Hasselt's  line,  but 
this  was  more  horrible  than  the  death-tolling  along  the  whole 
long  battle-line  of  the  south. 

Digitized  by  KJKJKJ\jti\^ 


424 


THE   OUTLOOK 


13  NoTembrr 


THE  AMERICAN   SOLDIER  AKD  SOME  OF  HIS  FRENCH   FRIKKD8 

Un  the  biick  of  this  poatal  curd  photogroph  the  author  of  the  following:  artiole  writes :  "  The  adoring 
mother  of  the  youugster  on  my  knee  up  and  snap-shotted  the  whole  bunch  I" 

A  FRENCH  VILLAGE  AS  SEEN  BY  AN  AMERICAN 

SOLDIER 


NEXT  in  interest  to  the  war,  and  its 
possible  future  social  effects-  and 
educational  effects,  come  the  inter- 
ests of  these  fasciuatiiic;  French.  I 
wonder  what  the  results  of  their  contact 
with  such  a  vast  -nuniWr  of  our  boys  will 
be.  Some  of  these  contacts  are  beautiful 
to  behold.   For  instance  : 

It  is  a  typical  littli-  Frencli  village  on  a 
Saturday  noon.  The,UMual  low,  thick-waUed 
church  dominates  tlie  ]>Iace.  Arouhd  it 
cluster  the  flat,  white- (railed  'houses',  with 
their  roofs  of  weather-beaten  reds  ahd 
gi-ays.  The  trees  and  vines  ahd  grass  are 
all  very  green.   All  is  still  as  can  l>e. 

.  From  the  distance  there  begins  to  come 
a  regular  creaking,  and  after  a  while  a  long 
cart,  balanced  on  two  prodigiously  laive 
wheels  and  drawn  by  a  dappled  white 
horst^,  comes  into  view.  Comfortably  it 
rolls  into  the  little  square  by  the  church 
and  takes  up  a  position  on  one  side,  where- 
upon outcome  tM'o  sturdy,  thick-set  peasant 
women  and  a  lively  latl '  of  twelve — the 
latter  with  a  black  nand  on  his  ai-m.  The 
boy  wears  his  shirt-tail  out — quite  different 
from  our  American  boys,  wno,  of  course, 
tuck  theirs  in.  This,  I  believe,  is  the  one 
difference  between  tlie  youths  of  tliese  two 
nations !  Otherwise  boys  are  boys — and 
then  some  ! 

Well,  from  the  cart  all  three  drag  boxes 
and  baskets,  and  soon,  atti-actively  arrayed, 
we  behold  lettuce,  large  re<l  tomatoes,  car- 
rots, i-mlishes,  cheese,  and  some  plump 
rabbits  and  chickens  all  ready  for  the  fire. 
It  makes  one's  mouth  water  to  think  of 
such  things  ! 

Meanwhile  another  cart  has  arrived — a 
much  smaller  one,  pulled  and  pushed  by  a 
number  of  women  and  children.  This  soon 
displays  a  brave  collection  of  gaudy  fancy- 
work — bright, crude  embroidery,  planned  to 
catch  the  eye  of  the  unsophisticated  Amer- 
ican boy.  There  are  greens  and  yellows 
and  reds  and  pinks !  Pillow-covers,  table- 
cloths, and  nnaefinable  feminine  affairs — 
just  the  thing  to  send  to  that  girl  far  away 
in  Oklahoma !  Other  carts  keep  on  coming, 
and  soon  tlie  square  is  dotted  with  them 
and  reiuly  for  business.  And  then,  far  down 


i; 


the  road,  arm  in  arm,  come  two  of  those 
favored  beings  for  whom  all  this  display  is 
prepare<l — a  couple  of  tall,  rangy  lads  in 
olive  drab — American  soldiers,  mcredibly 
well  paid,  and  oh,  la !  la !  such  easy 
spenders ! 

After  the  two  come  others,  tlien  more 
and  more,  for  Satui-day  afternoon  is  a  typi- 
cal American  Saturday  affair,  and  the  war 
and  its  works  are  pushed  light  back  into 
the  far  distance.  Tnen  the  square  and  its 
a<ljacent  side-streets  swarm  with  noisy, 
cheerful,  laughing  soldiers.  Oh,  I  tell  you 
they  are  a  careless-seeming,  hearty  lot  of 
fellows,  and  it  looks  not  unlike  a  picnic  of 
older  high  scliool  boys— <mly  they  are  boys 
who  know  how  to  oe  keen  and  cold  and 
tremendously  brave  when  the  time  comes ! 

For  a  fact,  they  buy  those  stands  bare. 
Everything.  Nothing  too  useless,  too  gaudy, 
or  too  expensive,  it  seems.  Tlie  lucky 
vender  who  brought  sweet  chocolate  saw  it 
o  in  about  five  minutes  to  the  last  cake, 
o  with  tlie  grapes  and  plums,  not  to 
speak  of  the  oranges,  lemons,  and  egg- 
plants. And  all  the  while  continued  the 
noise  and  fun.  Here  a  g^oup  carried  on  a 
woixlless  but  animated  flirtation  with  a 
pretty  g^rl  who  sold  fancy-work.  Here  an 
enormously  heavy  and  rat  soldier  played 
tag  with  a  dozen  children,  whose  high 
shrieks  of  delight  each  time  lieescaped  them 
or  each  time  he  caught  a  youngster  added 
to  the  common  din.  In  a  corner,  on  a  box, 
sat  another  with  the  g^ift  of  tongues,  and, 
with  a  really  horrible  massacring  of  tenses 
and  conjugations,  told  some  round-eyed 
little  citizens  how  the  Americans  were  going 
to  make  a  silk  purse  of  the  Kaiser's  ears ! 

Finally  twilight  drew  on.  Many  of  the 
boys  scattered  far  and  wide  to  farms  and 
diminutive  inns,  and  ate  unlieard-of  quanti- 
ties of  eggs  and  other  simple  farm  products. 
Some  strolled  slowly  back  to  camp.  Then  at 
last,  one  by  one,  the  empty  carts  took  them- 
selves away,  their  owners  delighted  with 
the  small  but  seemingly  very  large  gains 
given  them  by  their  guests  :  and  through 
this  simple  means  comfort  and  help — how 
much  the  folks  at  home  do  not  reaVr/.e — is 
brought  to  fine  little  districts  that  other- 


wise might  be  Etricken  with  real  poverty. 
It  is  no  wonder  tliat  the  Americans  ami 
their  hosts  get  on  famously,  and  the 
esteem  is  quite  mutuaL  I  wonder  if  eadi 
will  not  gain  something  worth  while  from 
the  other — something  inconspicuous,  per- 
haps, that  will  in  its  small  way  act  as 
even  a  small  compensation  for  all  the  sac- 
rifice and  terror  of  the  war. 

An  Americait  Soldixr. 


IS  THERE  AN  ABUNDANCE 
OF  FOOD? 

BY  LEWIS   E.  THEISS 

On  the  morning  after  it  was  known  that 
Germany  had  agreed  to  President  Wilson'i. 
fourteen  ])rinciples  a  customer  in  a  restau- 
rant was  overheard  to  remark  to  a  waitresH : 
'•  Well,  the  war  is  over.  Now  we  can  have 
plenty  of  sugar." 

Like  a  lightning  flash  that  single  sen- 
tence shows  forth  an  attitude  of  mind  as 
common  as  it  is  dangerous.  Despite  innu- 
merable explanations  and  warnings,  a  large 
part  of  the  public,  ever  since  we  entered 
the  war,  has  believed,  and  continues  to  be- 
lieve, that  the  food  shortage  is  artificiaL 

The  fact  that  the  pressing  need  of  a  year 
ago  no  longer  seems  to  exist  simply  serves 
to  confirm  such  persons  in  their  beliefs. 

In  fact,  instead  of  an  abuii4ance,  we 
have  no  more  food  than  we  had  last  year. 
In  1917  our  enormous  com  and  potato  crope 
enabled  us  to  pull  through.  Thia  year  we 
have  a  ]&Tge  wiieat  crop — some  900^)00,000 
bushels.  But  our  potato  crop  is  short,  and 
our  com  crop  is  woefully  below  last  year's. 

The  partial  failure  of  our  com  crop  illiis- 
trates  perfectly  how  dependent  we  are  upon 
one  uncontrollable  element— the  weatfaer- 
in  our  fight  against  hunger.  It  was  not  the 
U-boats  that  brought  Europe  so  near  to 
starvation  last  year.  It  was  the  disastrous 
crop  season  of  1916.  Crops  failed  eveiy- 
where.  The  year  was  ,the  most  disastrous 
in  agricultui'al  history.  In  consequence  of 
crop  failures,  food  reserves  of  all  sorts  were 
consumed.  The  U-boats  made  it  impossible 
to  replace  the  food  so  consumed.  Tne  onlj 
way  oy  which  enough  food  could  be  got  by 
the  Entente  nations  was  by  bringing  it  from 
the  nearest  ports.  And  that  threw  the  bur- 
den almost  wholly  upon  North'  America. 
Hence  our  own  food  stores,  smaller  than 
usual,  wera  practically  wiped  out. 

And,  despite  food  economy  and  increased 
effort  toward  production,  we  stiU  face  it 
For  we  have  no  reserve — neither  have  oar 
allies.  We  are  lea<Iing  a  hand-to-moatk 
existence.  If  we  can  keep  production  up  to 
the  present  level,  we  shall  pull  througn— 
with  economy.  But  can  we  ?  We  have  to 
reckon  on  two  uncertainties :  the  weather 
and  the  labor  supply. 

We  have  seen  what  the  weatlier  did  b 
1916  and  wliat  it  did  to  oor  1918  com 
crop.  Specifically,  prospective  production  of 
1918  com  was  reduced  by  the  dry  weather 
of  August  by  307,000,000  bushels ;  and  the 
unfavorable  weather  of  July  and  August 
together  decreased  the  prospective  crop  by 
nearly  half  a  billion  busliels !  Another  sea- 
son luce  1916,  unfavorable  for  crops  gen- 
erally, would  put  the  £ntent«  world  htuek 
where  it  was. 

The  other  uncertain  factor — the  f»rm 
labor  situation — has  one  certain  aspect :  it 
becomes  progfressively  worse.  Hundreds  of 
fanners  are  giving  up  tlieir  farms  because 
they  cannot  get  the  help  necessary  to  ran 
them.  A  1918  farm  survey  in  Pennsylvania, 
for  instance,  shows  tliat  there  are  to-daj 
only  half  as  many  farm-hands  in  that  StaXr 


1918 


THE   OUTLOOK 


425 


farmers  were  short-handed.  Tonlay  thejr 
are  desperate.  They  have  lost  thousands  of 
acres  of  crops  because  tltey  could  not  eot 
the  help  to  narvest  them.  And  every  day 
sees  more  farm-hands  drawn  away  by  the 
lure  of  monition-plant  waf^es  or  drafted 
into  the  Armv.  At  present  our  armed  forces 
number  perhaps  three  to  four  millions. 
^^^hat  will  be  the  farm  labor  situation  if  oar 
Army  numbers  five  million  men  ? 

And  unskilled  labor  will  not  replace  the 
farm-hands  that  leave  the  soil— even  if  it 
were  obtainable,  which  it  is  not.  Farming 
is  a  highly  skilled  occupation.  The  expe- 
rience of  Europe  is  signincant.  Practically 
every  able-bodied  &rmer  of  the  embattled 
nations  is  in  the  trenches.  The  farms, 
handled  by  old  men,  women,  and  children, 
grow  yearly  poorer,  and  yield  less  and  less. 
And,  since  Europe  never  was  self-sustain- 
ing, and  now  produces  less  food  than  in 
noniial  times,  tlie  burden  that  falls  upon 
America  because  of  U-boat  warfare  is  a  . 
harden  of  abnormal  size. 

Ultimate  victory  depends  upon  an  ade- 

E!  food  supply  ;  and  there  is  just  one 
that  will  insure  an  adequate  food 
. ,  y.  That  is  the  creation  of  a  food  re- 
serve. Obviously,  if  such  a  reserve  is  cre- 
ated, America  must  do  it.  But  how  can 
we  ?  Normally  we  ship  to  Europe  5,533,000 
tons  of  food  a  year.  Last  year  we  shipped 
11^20,000  tons.  And  every  one  will  recall 
how  we  scraped  and  savea  and  cut  down 
eonaumption  by  wheatless  and  meatless 
days  m  order  to  get  t<^ether  that  quantity 
of  food  for  export.  This  year,  what  with  the 
partial  failure  of  com  and  other  crops,  we 
have  no  more  actual  food  in  the  land  than  ' 
we  had  in  1917  ;  and  yet  we  are  pledged  to 
send  to  our  allies  17,550,000  tons  of  food  ! 

Far  from  having  plenty  of  food,  there- 
fore, we  are  really  harder  pinched  than  we 
were  last  year.  The  Food  Administration 
recognizes  that  fact  and  has  acted  accord- 
ingly. Instead  of  trying  to  decrease  the 
consumption  of  cerfaun  foods  only,  it  is 
trying  to  decrease  consumption  of  practi- 
cally all  foods. 

And  next  vear,  witli  our  growing  Army 
abroad,  our  food  shipments  will  doubtless 
need  to  be  larger  than  they  were  this  year. 
The  Army  ration  is  slightly  in  excess  of 
four  pounds  of  food  a  day  a  man.  A  mill- 
ion soldiers  require  four  million  pounds  of 
food  daily.  Already  we  have  nearly  two 
million  soldiers  abroad.   By  the  time  this  is 

Erinted  we  may  have  in  excess  of  that  num- 
er. 

There  is  still  another  phase  of  the  food 
•itaation  to  which  we  have  given  almost  no 
attention.  That  is  the  feeding  of  hungry 
neutrals  after  the  war.  All  oi  Europe  is 
hungry.  In  fact,  some  of  the  neutrals  are 
hungrier  than  tiie  nations  at  war.  We  can 
spare  them  littie  food,  and  Germany's  sea 
pirates  sink  a  large  part  of  what  we  do  send 
them.  But  after  the  war,  when  the  seas 
are  cleared  of  pirates,  neutral  vessels  will 
awanii  in  our  ports  after  food.  There  are 
1()(),CK)0MH)  OT  our  own  people  and  120,- 
<KK>,CMX)  of  Air  allies  that  we  are  helping  to 
fee<l  now.  There  are  1><0,000,000  starvmg 
victinia  of  Germany  who  will  come  to  us  for 
fuo<l  when  the  seas  are  clear.  And  Ger- 
many and  Austria,  being  no  longer  ene- 
III  ieM,  will  also  want  food.  Tliey  Imve  per- 
iiapo  axioUier  100,000,000  people.  How  can 
we  feed  them  all  ?  We  can't  So  food  must 
cMtitinae  short  for  some  years  to  come, 
M  Itetliar  we  have  peace  or  war.  And  when 
all  tltese  hordes  come  into  our  markets  and 
hid  against  each  odier,  the  logical  thing  to 
exi>ecl  is  prices  enormously  higher  uian 
tltu»«  at  present  prevailing. 


A  food  reserve,  then,  is  from  every  point 
of  view  a  vital  necessity  in  America.  But 
our  farmers  cannot  create  a  food  reserve. 
It  is  doubtful  if  they  can  continue  present 
production,  let  alone  increase  it.  The  crea- 
tion of  a  food  reserve,  tlien,  hinges  upon  the 
efforts  of  home  gar<leuers.  Only  through 
increased  garden  production  and  the  con- 
sequentiy  Tessenea  demand  upon  our  com- 
mercial supplies  shall  we  be  able  to  store  up 
food.  In  considering  the  situation,  let  us 
paraphrase  Lloyd  Geoi^e's  remark  about 
ships.  We  must  have  "  Gardens,  gardens, 
and  still  more  gardens." 

JUST  BEFORE  THE  BIG  PUSH 

BY   A   SOLDIER   OF  THE   "SEVENTH" 

The  New  York  "  Times,"  in  a  leading 
editorial,  recently  spoke  with  enthusiastic 
praise  of  the  splendid  work  done  by  tiie 
Empire  State  Division  (the  27th),  together 
with  the  SOtii  Division,  in  Sir  Douglas 
Haig's  drive  at  and  through  the  Hinden- 
burg  line  which  began  on  September  29. 
This  drive  was  one  of  the  two  most  critical 
points  in  General  Foch's  victo'rious  cam- 
paign this  year.  Of  the  27th  Division  the 
"  Times  "  said : 

The  Empire  State  Divisioii  \n»  on  the  wait- 
iDslist  for  the  osll  to  Fiance  for  a  long,  wear; 
time  before  it  came.  Other  National  Gnard 
divisions,  with  not  half  the  training  in  treiioh 
warfilre,  were  preferred  and  sailed  away.  It  . 
seemed  as  if  the  27th  would  never  beu  sum- 
moned, and  yet  it  contained  some  of  the  beat 
National  Guard  regiments  in  the  country,  in- 
olnding  the  famoiu  Serenth  of  this  city.  This 
dhririon  was  drilled  and  marched  and  raaoea- 
vered  until  there  waa  danger  of  its  going  phyai- 
oally  stale. 

Glory  has  been  won  by  the  Empire  State 
Division  in  France.  ,  .  .  Field  Marshal  Haig 
speaks  of  "  the  utmost  dash  and  bravery  of  the 
Americans  coK)perating  with  the  British." 

The  following  extracts  are  from  private 
letters  (fully  censored)  written  by  a  mem- 
ber of  the  old  New  York  Seventh  Regi- 
ment (now  107th),  who  has  served  with  the 
regiment  in  Mexico  as  well  as  in  France. — 
The  Editobs. 

September .%,  1918. 

This  finds  me  in  a  hospital  and  trying  to 
get  out  of  it  because  there's  nothing  the 
matter  with  me,  and  because  there's  history 
being  made  in  the  line  where  I  came  back 
from,  and  I  want  to  get  into  Uie  show 
again. 

Tlie  night  before  the  morning  we  were 
to  go  over  the  top  1  was  in  the  front  line 
when  one  of  Jerry's  "  five-nines  "  fell  short 
and  hopped  into  the  bottom  of  our  trench. 
He  selaom  dares  shell  our  front  line,  as  it 
is  usually  too  close  to  his  own  for  Ids  own 
men's  safety.  This  confounded  shell  lit  on 
a  box  of  hand  grenades  and  set  them  off 
too.  I  can't  dope  out  how  I  missed  all  tiie 
shell  fragments— just  luck.  But  it  was  not 
over  twenty  feet  from  me,  and  I  must  have 
"  gone  down."  They  sent  me  out  with  the 
ration  party  at  eleven  or  so,  and  tiien  ran 
me  into  a  field  dressing  station.  And  so 
here  I  am,  after  passing  rapidly  through 
the  chain  of  field  stations  you  must  pa-ss, 
about  forty  miles  behind  the  lines,  and  all 
sound. 

Six  hours  after  I  left,  the  fellows  went 
over  the  top,  following  a  creeping  barrage 
tiiat  was  more  intense  than  any  I've  heard 
ever — and  from  one  I  met  tliut  came  back 
wounde<l  it  appears  they  advanced  three 
miles  and  tore  through  the  Hindenburg 
Une  like  paper.  Fritz  lias  no  fight  left  in 
him.  [But  in  a  latter  letter  tliis  soldier 
writes :    The  man  who  told  me  how  e««y 


it  was  to  take  the  Hindenburg  line  was  out 
of  his  head.  They  took  it,  bat  at  an  awful 
loss — the  only  good  thing  being  that  Jerry's 
was  far  higher.  They  he  shoulder  to 
shoulder  where  our  barrage  caught  them. 
My  dear  "  skipper  "  [captain]  was  killed 
by  a  gang  of  thirty  who  surrendered  and 
then  shot  him.  The  boys  shot  them  down 
to  a  man.  Another  bunch  of  the  brutes 
surrendered,  tiien  threw  hand  grenades 
concealed  under  their  coat«.3 

I  saw  a  file  of  eighteen  hundred  pris- 
oners yesterday  commg  down  by  a  nos- 
pital  girded  by  tt4fo  men.  They  were  all 
nappy  and  beaming.  One  chap  here  with 
me  captured  thiity-three.  He  nad  ducked 
into  a  trench,  owing  to  unusually  5ieayy 
shell  fire,  and  was  not  armed.  In  this  trench 
he  found  thir^-three  Jerrys,  and  he  says  he 
was  scared.  But  the  whole  thirty-three  up- 
handed  and  cried,  "  Mercy,  Kamerad  !" 

We  took  over  a  supposedly  vacant  trench 
immediately  after  relieving  the  previous 
outfit,  and  on  reaching  it  discovered  every 
evidence  that  when  we  started  sauntering 
over  in  the  dark  about  a  hundred  Jerrys 
oozed  out  without  firing  a  shot  There  were 
five  heavy  water-cooled  machine  g^ns,  still 
hot,  no  end  of  rifles,  and  equipment  galore. 
In  fittit,  we  bpent  all  the  next  day  "  souve- 
niring  "  their  dugouts,  hastily  left  I  ate 
"Rindfleisch"  that  day  (Fritz's  «  canne<l 
willy  ")  and  pumpernickel  bread,  enough 
to  keep  me  going,  and  I  had  a  whole  pack- 
ful  of  souvenirs  which  they  did  not  send  out 
with  me,  so  I've  lost  it  I  hod  a  German 
revolver,  field  glasses,  and  the  cap  of  tiie 
Prussian  'Guara  lieutenant  I  took  them 
from.  (He  was  nUher  dead !)  Also  a  lot 
'  of  photographs  from  home  (t.e.,  Fritz's). 
And  I'm  one  sore  baby  because  I've  lost 
it  all. 

Jerry  had  no  idea  there  were  aby  Yanks 
near  hini,  he  told  us.  But  he  knows  now, 
all  right !  And  now  our  dressing  stations 
have  as  many  Keldaraus  £field-grays — 
the  German  uniform]  awaiting  their  tnm 
as  there  are  Olive  Drabs.  They  are  aa  meek 
as  lambs,  and  happy.  For  them  "  lias  Krieg 
ist  geendigt"  and  I  titink  'twill  soon  be 
ended  for  alt  We  got  one  twelve-year-oUl 
boy. 

I'm  going  to  get  out  of  here  in  two  days, 
and,  if  they  don't  advance  so  fast  I  can't 
catch  up,  I'll  be  back  with  the  company.* 
And  I've  got  to  duplicate  those  lost  articles 
someway.  B. 

NAMING   A   HORSE 

In  "  Drums  Afar,"  by  John  Murray 
Gibbon,  an  auctioneer  for  the  Canadian 
Patriotic  Fund  offers  to  auction  the  right 
to  name  a  horse,  and  a  bid  comes  from 
the  hulies'  gaUery. 

"  That's  my  wile,"  calls  out  a  g^est  at  the 
high  table. 

"  That's  my  money,"  floats  down  from 
the  gallery,  the  answer  from  an  independ- 
ent Canadian  wife.  "  If  you  want  to  win, 
bid  liigher." 

Then  comes  a  spirited  bidding  context 
between  husband  and  wife  which  runs  the 
price  of  the  horse  up  from  $3(X)  to  $525,  at 
which  point  the  husoand  quits  and  his  wife 
gets  the  horse. 

"  Madame,"  said  the  auctioneer,  '*  what 
name  do  you  wish  to  give  Uie  hoiite  ?" 

"  Colonel  Sam  Hughes,"  was  the  shrill 
answer,  "  Iwcause  he's  a  good  worker." 

Loud  cheers  for  Canuada's  Minister  of 
Militia. 

The  auctioneer  B<-ratched  his  head. 

"  Can't  be  done,"  he  said  ;  "  tiie  horse  in 
also  a  ladv." 


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THE   OUTLOOK 


13  Novembci 


WEEKLY  OUTLINE  STUDY  OF 
CURRENT  HISTORY 

BY   J.  MADISON  GATHANY,  A.M. 

HOPE  STREET   HIGH   SCHOOL.  PBOTIDENCB.  K.  I. 

BoMd  on  The  Outlook  of  Xovember  6, 1918 

Baoh  week  an  Outline  Stady  of  Cnirent  History  baaed  on  the  preoeding  nnmber  of  The  Outlook  will 
he  printed  for  the  benefit  of  corrent  events  oUsaes,  debating  oluba,  teaohers  of  history  and  of  English,  and 
the  like,  and  for  nse  in  the  home  and  by  snch  indiridoal  renders  as  may  desire  suggestions  in  the  serious 
study  of  oorrent  history. — Thb  Editorh. 

rrhoae  who  are  using  the  weekly  outline  should 
not  attempt  to  oover  the  whole  of  an  outline  in  any 
-one  lesson  or  study.  Assign  for  one  lesson  selected 
questions,  one  or  two  propositions  for  discussion, 
and  only  such  words  as  are  found  in  the  material 
assignea.  Or  distribute  selected  questions  among 
different  members  of  the  olaas  or  group  and  hare 
them  report  their  findings  to  all  when  assembled. 
'Then  have  all  diaouas  the  questions  together.] 


I — INTEBNATIONAI,    AFFAIRS 

j1.  Topic :  Correspondence  Between  Ger- 
many and  the  President ;  Germany's 
Lack  of  Good  Faith  ;  A  Deadly  Par- 
allel ;  Berlin  ;  Unconditional  Surren- 
der. 
Mefermoe:  Pages  327, 328, 338, 339,  350. 
Questions: 

1.  Do  the  points  brought  out  in  the  cor- 
respondence of  Grermany  with  the  President 
convince  you  that  Germany  has  met  Presi- 
'dent's  Wuaon'a  conditions  of  peace  ?  Db- 
cnss.  2.  What  proof  is  there  that  Ger- 
many has  effected  "  far-reaching  "  political 
changes,  and  that  her  "military  powers 
are  also  subject  to  a  people's  govern- 
ment"? 3.  Ex-President  "raft  says  that 
President  Wilson  "  is  getting  nearer  and 
nearer  to  unconditional  surrender."  Why, 
in  voor  opinion,  does  not  President  Wilson 
tell  Germany  that  she  must  surrender  un- 
-ctmditionally  ?  Do  you  think  the  American 
people  would  like  to  have  him  use  such 
terms?  Discuss.  4.  There  are  those  who 
believe  President  Wilson  is  just  the  man 
^o  should  arrange  peace  with  Germany. 
Do  yon  think  it  would  be  safe  to  leave  the 
peace-niiaking  in  his  hands  ?  Do  v'ou  think 
our  allies  should  be  willing  to  let  kim  make 
final  arrangements  about  peace  ?  Give  sev- 
eral reasons.  6.  What  to  you  is  the  signifi- 
cance of  The  Outlook's  "  deadly  paralkl "  ? 
'€.  The  Outlook  gives  proof  of  Germany's 
lack  of  good  faith.  Tell  just  when  you  will 
trust  Germany.  7.  Give  the  substance  and 
jour  <Hiinion  of  The  Outlook's  editorial 
entitlea  "Berlin."  8.  Give  in  your  own 
words  a  brief  account  of  the  inception  and 
-development  of  the  Unconditional  Sur- 
render Club.  What  does  this  correspond- 
ence indicate  about  The  Outlook's  leader- 
ship ?  9.  What  proofs  are  there  that 
Germany  is  stiU  impenitent  ?  Look  op  the 
meaning  of  ^nitence.  lU.  Read  "The  Blot 
on  the  Kaiser's  'Scutcheon,"  by  N.  D. 
HilUs  (ReveU);  "The  Great  CJrusade," 
by  Lloyd  Gieoree  (Doran)  ;  "  From  Ber- 
lin to  Bagdad,"  by  G.  A.  Schreiner 
(Harpers). 

ff.  Topic  :  Tlie  Austro-Hungariao  Empire. 
Reference .-  Pages  328, 329. 
Questions: 

L  Make  clear  the  difference  between 
local  autonomy  and  independence.  Illus- 
trate. Why  would  not  the  granting  of  local 
self-eovemment  to  the  Czechoslovaks  be  a 
aatis&ctoiy  meeting  of  the  piinciple  laid 
down  by  President  Wilson  before  peace 
can  be  discussed?  2.  Advance  several 
reasons  why  this  war  will  not  be  wholly 
won  unless  the  Austrian  Empire  is  dis' 
solved.  3.  Supply  tlie  proof  for  the  foUow- 


ing :  "  The  Hapsburgs  have  been  imperial 
pirates  and  freebooters  for  quite  as  long  a 
period  as  the  Hohenzollems  and  their  rec- 
ord in  European  history  is  fully  as  detest- 
able." 4.  Do  the  reasons  why  Hungary 
should  be  completely  independent  from 
Austria  hold  good  for  the  complete  inde- 
pendence of  Ireland  from  England?  Be 
sure  that  your  thinking  is  based  on  histori- 
cal facts  and  sound  reasoning.  5.  Why 
would  the  break-up  of  tJie  Austro-Hunga- 
rian  Empire  be  of  many-sided  importance  ? 
Give  several  reasons.  6.  How  are  Ameri- 
cans to  know  when  both  Austria  and  Ger- 
many have  passed  beyond  mere  lip  service 
to  political  reform  and  pretense  of  liberty 
and  ti-uly  believe  in  genuine  democracy  ? 
7.  Read  three  very  vuuable  books  :  "  Aus- 
tria-Hungary :  The  Polyglot  Empire,"  by 
von  Scheierbrand  (Stokes);  "llie  New 
Map  of  Europe,"  by  H.  A.  Gibbons  (Cen- 
tury) ;  «  The  Boots  of  the  War,"  by  W.  S. 
Davii  (Century). 

n — ^irATIOMAL  AFFAIBS 

Topic  :  The  President  Re-enters  Politics  ; 
May   Only    Money   Talk  ?      Making 
America  Safe  for  Autocracy. 
Beference :  Pages  338,  339,  349,  350. 
Qtiestions: 

1.  Last  May  the  President  declared  that 
"  politics  is  aajourned."  On  October  24  he 
reconvened  politics. ,  Discuss  whether  it  is 
reasonable  to  contend  that  the  President 
was  right  last  May  and  also  right  in  Octo- 
ber. 2.  The  Presiaent  says  that  "  an  oppos- 
ing majority  cmdd  [italics  mine]  assume 
control  of  legislation  and  obUge  all  action 
to  be  taken  amid  contest  and  oDstruction." 
Does  the  record  of  the  Republicans  since 
the  war  began  show  that  they  would  do 
this  ?  It  is  fikely  that  much  of  the  legisla- 
tion between  now  and  1920  will  take  place 
in  peace  times.  Would  it  be  well  to  nave 
much  of  this  legisUtion  take  place  "  amid 
contest  and  obstruction"?  Are  contest  and 
obstruction  undemocratic  ?  3.  Pick  out  the 
most  important  statements  made  by  The 
Outlook  in  the  references  given  for  tliis 
topic,  and  discuss  why  you  consider  them 
important. 

in — PBOPOSITIOMB   FOR  DISCUSSION 

(These  propositions  are  suggested  directly  or  indi- 
raotly  by  the  subject-matter  of  The  Outlook,  but 
not  (usonaaed  in  it.) 

L  No  government,  however  good,  is  any 
substitnte  for  self-government  2.  The  Allies 
ought  to  establish  an  international  receiver- 
ship for  Grermany. 

IV — yOOABUI.ART   BOILDIITe 

(All  of  the  following  words  and  enresslons  are 
found  in  The  Outlook  for  November  6,  1918.  Both 
before  and  after  looking  them  up  in  the  dictionary  or 
elsewhere,  ^ve  their  meaning  in  your  own  words. 
The  figures  m  parentheses  refer  to  pages  on  which 
the  words  may  be  found.) 

Pourparlers  (328);  satellites  (360) ;  de 
facto  Government,  autonomy  (328) ;  poli- 
tics, function  (338). 


iivvM.    xj.  ouppijr  uie  prvui.  lur  uie  luuuw*        tics,  luiicuuu  \tM?<jj. 

A  booklet  suggesting  methods  of  using  the  Weekly  Outline  qf  Current  History  will  be  sent  on  application 


The  (Jd-time  r^nedy 
for  your  biggest 
home  problon 

THE  safety  of  your  family,  ilie 
proteoticm  of  yonr  home  is  Hba 
problem  yon  have  to  taob. 


Tlie  shortest  snie  road  to  pto- 
teotioa  is  a  Yale  Night  Lc^eh 
idaoed  over  all  those  locks  yoa 
know  you  can't  trust. 

No  chance  for  a  thief  to  have  a 
key  that  will  fit  your  Tale  CyKn- 
der  Night  Latoh. 

Ton'vB  been  intending  to  get 
Yale  Night  Latches  for  yonr  dona. 

For  safety's  sake  yoa  should  do 
ao  today. 

See  the  Irade^mai*  "  Yalf  "  on 
Padloela,  Door  Clotrn,  m^ 
LtUehes,  Bnadtre  Hanlvare, 
Cabinet  JjockM  and  the  famous 
Yale  Chain  Block. 

Tlie  Yale  *  Towne  Mff.  Co., 
9Eaat40lliStrMt     NewYwkCitr 

Chicago  OfBoe :  77  East  litke  Street, 

Csrsrtlsn  Tale  St  Tomxm  ItA., 

St.  Catliarines,  OflS. 


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1918 

A  NEW  BIRTH  OF  FREEDOM 

BY    ELIAS   LIBBERMAN,   OF    THE   VIGILANTES 

« 

The  Great  Emancipator,  befoi-e  the  vet- 
erans of  GreC^sbuiv,  put  into  words  the 
soal  of  America.  Aluioueh  he  addressed  a 
limited  group  assembled  tor  a  specific  pur- 
pose, he  expressed  the  spirit  of  progress, 
not  only  for  his  day  but  for  all  time. 

There  must  be  no  compromise  in  dealing 
witli  eviL  There  must  be  no  weakening  in 
our  attitude  toward  Germany,  beaten  but 
unregenerate.  We  must  not  rest  satisfied 
until  the  Augean  stables  of  arrogance  and 
cruelty  have  oeen  thoroughly  cleansed. 

It  will  seem  like  a  travesty  on  our  Amer- 
ican idealism  if  the  result  of  all  the  blood 
we  shed  so  willingly,  of  all  the  agony  we 
endured  ao  nobly,  of  all  the  moUier-love 
we  sacrificed  so  nreely,  is  merely  a  patched- 
\tp  peace,  a  yellow  truce.  Not  for  this  did 
America  throw  in  all  of  her  resources  of 
inind,  heart,  and  capitaL  ' 

"  That  these  dead  shall  not  have  died  in 
vain,"  said  Lincoln.  Let  ns,  facing  our 
great  problem,  test  the  peace  offered  to  us 
in  the  alembic  of  his  principles.  Then  we 
cannot  go  wrong. 

-OUR   COUNTRY,  RIGHT  OR 

WRONG" 

Some  time  ago   I   noticed    in    reading 

material   from   Uie   pen  of  Jenkin  Lloyd 

Jones  a  criticism  of  tne  motto  of  a  Chicago 

newspaper, "  Our  country,  right  or  wrong." 

In  The  Outlook  of  October  16  L.  M. 

Grimes    defends    Decatur's    phrase.     He 

makes  about  the  strongest  defense  of  this 

•entiBaent  that  I  can  conceive  of ;  and  on 

the   sarfaee  it  seems  somewhat  plausible 

and  cogent. 

But  by  this  rale,  how  about  the  position 
of  a  jnnge  who  finds  it  necessary  in  the 
uerfomuuiee  of  his  duty  to  sentence  his 
father  to  prison  or  to  death  ?  A  judge  who 
would  flinch  in  such  a  test  would  forfeit 
his  claim  to  fitness  for  his  position.  Tlie 
moral  imperative  yields  to  no  special  claims 
of  consanguinity.  Nor  can  it  yield  to  any 
special  claims  of  patriotism. 

James  Russell  Lowell,  in  his  description 
of  "  The  True  Man's  Fatherlana,"  com- 
pletely transcends  the  "  my  country,  right 
or  wrong  "  conception  of  patriotism. 

By  Decatur's  rule  (he  German  soldiery 
coald  justify  themselves  to  America  in 
•upporang  the  nefarious  designs  of  the 
Kaiaer.  80,  too,  could  those  engaged  by 
Germany  in  her  system  of  espionage  and 
intri^e  justify  Uieir  conduct.  They  were 
acting  nnder  direction  and  command  of 
the  recognized  authority  of  their  coubtry. 
By  Decatur's  rule  this  was  su£Brient  sanc- 
tion. They  were  exempt  from  the  authority 
of  the  moral  imperative. 

"  My  country,  right  or  wrong,"  is  a 
plaasiole  but  ne&rious  doctrine  based  upon 
a  superficial  patriotism  which  has  made 
poesiole  wars  without  number. 

How  often  have  men  sprang  to  arms 
and  at  each  other's  throats  at  the  call  of 
country  witiiout  any  understanding  of  the 
isaues  involved  1 

Among  the  many  great  blessings  tiiat  will 
come  to  humanity  out  of  this  great  war,  per- 
haps none  will  be  greater  than  this — that 
men  in  masses  have  come  to  see  as  they 
have  njBTer  seen  before  that  a  true  man  must 
,^«r  liiifend  the  right,  even  if  and  when  in 
^tiiig  BO  he  must  assail  his  country. 

By  Mr.  Grimes's  rule,  tl»e  United  Empire 
Loymliot*  were  the  only  patriots  and  true 
oien  in  this  country  in  1(  i(>. 

Uatroit,  Michigan.    £•  HoWAKI)  DuRNIN. 


THE   OUTLOOK 


427 


Why  Teeth 


Lose 


All  Statements  Approved  by  High  Defttal  Authorities 


You  Leave  the  Fifan 


Why  do  well-brushed  teeth  discolor  and 
decay? 

Why  does  tartar  form  ? 

Why  does  pjrorrhea  start  ? 

Millions  of  people  are  asking  those 
questions,  and  the  answer  is  this : 

A  slimy  film  constantly  forms  on  your 
teeth.  It  clinKB  to  the  teeth.  It  gets  into 
crevices,  hardens  and  stays,  and  your 
brushinj;  doesn't  remove  it.  And  most 
tooth  troubles  are  due  to  that  film. 

That  film  is  what  discolors — not  your 
teeth.  It  hardens  into  tartar.  It  holds  food 
which  ferments  and  forms  acid.    It  holds 


the  acid  in  contact  with  the  teeth  to  cause 
decay. 

Millions  of  (erms  breed  in  it.  They, 
with  tartar,  are  the  chief  cause  of  pyorrhea, 
and  many  internal  troubles  are  due  to 
them. 

These  facts  have  been  known  for  years. 
But  dental  science  found  no  way  to  efiec- 
tively  combat  the  film.  A  vigorotis  dental 
cleaning  firom  time  to  time  was  needed  to 
remove  it. 

Now  a  way  ha*  been  found  to  combat  it. 
That  way  is  embodied  in  a  dentifrice  called 
Pepsodent.  You  can  prove  it,  a*  thousands 
have,  by  a  simple  teat.  This  is  to  urge 
that  you  do  it 


See  the  Difference 


Pepsodent  is  based  on  pepsin,  the  diges- 
tant  of  albumin.  The  film  is  albuminous 
matter.  The  object  is  to  dissolve  the  film, 
then  to  constantly  prevent  its  accumu- 
lation. 

Ordinary  pepsin  win  not  serve.  It  must 
be  activated,  and  the  usual  agent  is  an 
acid,  harmful  to  the  teeth. 

But  science  has  now  found  a  harmless 
activating  method.  Five  governments  have 
already  granted  patents.  That  method, 
employed  in  Pepsodent,  makes  teeth- 
cleaning  vastly  more  effective. 

Able  authorities  have  made  clinical  testa 
of  Pepsodent   In  thousands  of  cases  they 


have  watched  its  efficiency.  Now  we  are 
urging  all  people  to  prove  it  in  their 
homes.  It  means  results  you  do  not  get 
without  it,  and  they  are  all-important 

Send  the  coupon  with  io  cents  for  a 
special  tube.  Use  it  like  any  tooth  paste. 
Note  how  clean  jrour  teeth  feel  after  using. 
Mark  the  absence  of  the  alimy  film.  See 
how  teeth  whiten  ••  the  fixed  film  dis- 
appears. 

That  film  is  your  teeth's  chief  enemy. 
This  test  will  show  you  that  you  can  com- 
bat it.  Then  you  will  always  dean  your 
teeth,  we  think,  in  this  scientific  way.  Cut 
out  the  coupon  now. 


Ratvm  yaar  mmpty  tooth  part*  fgfc—  to  tha  n»ar»at  Rmd  Cress  Jtoft'en 


The  New-Day  Denttfriix 


A  Scientific  Product— Sold  by 
Druggists  Everywhere 


OISAI 


SPECIAL  10-CENT  TUBE 

A  size  nof  told  in  Drag  Stores 
THE   PEPSODENT  CO. 
Dept.  236,  1104  S.  Wabash  Ave. 

Chicago,  III. 
Encloeed  find  10  cents  for  special  Tube 
of  Pepsodent 

Namu 

Addnaa 


Digitized  by 


Google 


428 


THE   OUTLOOK 


[Aaveriit*m4Ht] 


Do  Germs  and  Climate 

Cause     Catarrh^ 

Coughs  and  Colds? 

By  R.  L.  ALSAKER,  M.D. 

SQTE, — Ur*  AUak^r  U  a  mcoetffut  pradictnff 
physician  in  Oite  nfthe  tarffegt  citify  tifthe  U.  S, 

My  dear  Sir:  I  have  had  catarrh  since  boyhood,  and 
now  my  two  children  have  it.  During  the  winter  months  my 
wife  suffers  with  bad  colds. 

We  have  taken  treatments  from  local  physicians,  U'sing  the 
medicines  prescribed ;  we  have  used  sprays  and  salves,  but 
have  derived  no  lasting  benefit. 

We  live  well,  eating  and  drinking  whatever  we  want,  but  we 
do  not  dissipate  in  any  way.  Our  family  physician  tells  us  that 
catarrh  is  caused  by  germs.  Another  doctor  told  us  to  blame  it 
on  the  climate.  If  germs  and  the  climate  are  the  cause  of  catarrh,  I  don't  see  how  it 
can  be  prevented,  or  even  cured.    What  have  you  to  say  on  the  subject  ?      J.  B.  W. 


R.  U  ALSAKER,  M.O. 


THIS  family  is  no  exception.  The  ma- 
jority have  catarrh,  either  chronic  or 
acute.  Catarrh  of  the  head  is  annoying — 
and  filthy.  In  the  throat  it  causes  irritating 
cough.  When  it  is  Seated  in  the  chest  it  is 
called  bronchitis.  If  allowed  to  continue  the 
bronchitis  becomes  chronic  and  robs  the 
individual  of  refreshing  sleep,  comfort  and 
health.  It  weakens  the  lungs  and  paves  the 
way  for  pneumonia  and  consumption. 

Catarrh  of  the  stomach  and  intestines 
points  toward  indigestion.  So  does  catarrh 
of  the  liver,  which  produces  various  ills,  such 
as  jaundice  and  gall-stones,  often  ending  in 
disagreeable  and  painful  liver  colic. 

Catarrh  sometimes  causes  earache,  head- 
ache and  other  forms  of  pain,  and  it  lays  the 
foundation  for  many  diseases. 

This  gentleman  thinks  that  germs  and  the 
climate  are  to  blame,  and  as  germs  and 
climate  are  everywhere,  we  are  helpless.  It 
is  a  tragic  fate,  or  would  be,  if  it  were  true, 
for  we  can't  escape  the  omnipresent  germs 
and  climate. 

But  neither  germs  nor  the  climate  cause 
catarrh.  Catarrh  is  due  to  improper  eat- 
ing— so  are  coughs  and  colds — and  these 
conditions  can  be  prevented  and  cured 
through  right  eating.  And  here  is  how  it 
happens : 

When  people  eat  as  they  should  not,  they 

§et  indigestion,  which  fills  the  stomach  and 
owels  with  acids,  eases  and  poisons ;  a  part 
of  these  abnormal  products  are  absoroed 
into  the  blood,  which  becomes  very  impure  and 
the  whole  body  gets  acid.  The  blood  tries  to 
purify  itself  and  a  lot  of  the  waste  attempts  to 
escape  by  way  of  the  mucous  membrane. 
This  causes  irritation,  and  the  result  is  colds 
and 'catarrhs. 

The  right  kind  of  food — food  we  all  like — 
properly  eaten,  makes  pure  blood  and  produces 
health,  vieor  and  strength.  The  right  kind  of 
food  builds  a  sound  boojr,  puts  catarrh,  pimples 
and  blotches  to  flight, pamts  roses  on  the  cheeks 
and  makes  life  worti;  living. 

Catarrh  can  be  conquered  quickly,  surely,  and 
permanently.  Jt  ha-s  been  done  in  thousands  of 
cases,  /f  roil  haxt  ealarrk  yoii  hcr.'e  eaten  your 
ivaytoit.  You  can  cure  yourself — ^you  can  eat 
your  way  out  of  catarrh  into  health,  and  while 
you  are  losing  your  catarrh  you  will  rid  yourself 
of  other  physical  ills:  Thedirty  tongue,  that  tired 


feeling,  the  bad  taste  in  the  mouth  in  the 
morning,  the  gas  in  the  stomach  and  bowels, 
the  headache  and  other  aches,  pains  and  dis- 
abilities will  clear  up  and  vanish.  It  is  mar- 
velous what  proper  eating  will  do,  when  other 
means  fail.  Don't  take  my  word  for  it,  but 
prove  it  in  your  own  case  and  on  your  own 
person. 

•Catarrh  is  a  luxury,  not  a  necessity.  Those 
who  get  it,  can  keep  it  indefinitely.  They 
can  also  get  rid  of  it  and  stay  rid  of  it. 
Those  who  have  catarrh  should  not  complain 
about  it,  for  they  can  easily  get  the  knowl- 
edge that  will  show  them  how  to  get  rid  of 
the  disease  and  maintain  health.   ' 

In  every^iay  practice  I  undertake  to  teach 
my  patients  the  cause  of  their  trouble  and 
how  to  live  so  as  to  effect  a  cure.  There  is 
no  mystery  about  my  system  of  treatment. 
It  is  a  plam,  common-sense  method  that  any 
one,  young  or  old,  rich  or  poor,  can  put  into 
practice  in  their  own  home,  in  any  town  or 
city,  in  any  country.  There  is  no  expense 
attached  to  this  plan.  It  shows  you  how  to 
live  in  harmony  with  the  laws  and  principles 
\^2X govern  health.  It  shows  you  how,  what 
and  when  to  eat  so  that  your  Catarrh  will 
leave  you  and  you  will  become  healthy  and 
happy.  Years  of  experience  have  proved  its 
complete  success. 

My  instructions  are  easy  to  understand 
and  pleasant  to  follow.  No  drugs,  salves, 
serums,  sprays  or  health  resorts  required  or 
prescribed.   No  special  foods  to  try  or  buy. 

I  have  given  full  and  complete  directions  for 
the  cure  of  catarrh  in  my  book  entitled  Curing 
Catarrh,  Coughs  and  Colds.  Thousands  of  people 
in  all  walks  of  life  have  recovered  health  oy 
following  the  plan  outlined  in.  this  book  of 
health  building  knowledge. 

If  you  want  to  cure  yourself  of  Catarrh  and 
learn  how  to  prevent  colds  send  two  dollars  to 
my  publisher,  Frank  K.  Morrison,  Dept.  168, 
1133  Hroadway,  New  York,  for  your  copy  of 
Curing  Catarrh,  Coughs  and  Colds.  Follow  my 
sensible  instructions  for  one  month,  then  If  you 
are  not  satisfied  with  the  improvement  in  your 
health  and  the  lasting  value  of  the  treatment 
recommended,  return  tlie  book  and  your  money 
will  be  refunded. 

NOTE.  Many  patnmt  have  icritlen  that  thU  bobk  U 
Kortk  SlOO,  and  90mf  hat>«  said  H1,000.  Onr  man,  in 
ortterinff  a  btmk /or  a  friend,  tcrites  ;  **l/Uco*l  8200  the 
advice  icotUd  be  cheap." 


PUBLISHER'S  AITNOUNCEUEKT:  R.  I>  AInksr,  H.D.,  is  a  recognized  uthortty  on  the  mbject  discnaaed  in  Uis 
aboT«  Article.  He  brnm  put  the  net  resolt  of  many  years  of  professional  «nt])erU'tice  with  sick  people  into  his  writings  and  it 
is  a  real  pleasure  for  me  to  reoommeod  them  because  1  know  from  personal  erperienoe  that  good  results  always  f oUow  an 
ebaerwance  of  tiis  simple  instmctioiis.  Dr.  Alaiker's  health  instructions  are  publitdied  in  Atb  handy  volumes  at  two  dollan 
each.  They  are  :  "  Curing  Catarrh,  Coughs  and  Colds, ^*  "  Dieting  Di.abetes  and  Bright's  Disease,"  "  Conquering  Consump- 
tion," ** Curing  Constipaoon  and  Appendicitis,"  "  Getting  Rid  of  Rheumatism,"  "  Curing  Diseases  of  Heart  and  Arteries." 
Gmd  $2  ior  the  book  that  treats  of  your  case  and  leam  quioUy  how  yon  can  rei>over  health  and  happiness.  Money  returned 
If  yon  foDow  inatructilina  tor  one  month  and  are  not  satisfied  with  results.  FRANK  E.  MORRIBON  (Rstab.  ISKJ), 
POBLISHSB  OF  D&.  AI&AKEB'S  SDDCATIOKAL  HEALTH  BOOKS,  Dept.  16S,  1133  Broadway,  New  York. 


13  Novembrr 

THE    NEW   fiOOKS 

This  Departmeut  will  inclade  de«oriptire  noteo.  villi 
or  without  brief  ooiiunents,  abont  books  receiTed 
by  The  Oatlook.  Many  of  the  important  books  will 
have   more  exteDile<l  and  critical   treatment  lain 

KlCnoN 
Amatear  Vagabond  (The).  By  John  and  Rolr 
ert  MStter.    I'he  Oeorge  B.  Umax  CompuT, 
New  York.  .*l.fiO. 

Young  men  with  the  Wanderlust  in 
their  blood  will  find  this  a  brisk  stirring 
tale,  with  fisticuffs  a-plenty  and  just  a  litilt- 
love-inaking.  The  slang,  it  seems  to  ns, 
doesn't  always  ring  true,  bat  then  it  most 
be  hard  to  report  accorately  all  the  slang 
one  would  hear  in  a  voyage  round  the 
world. 

BaUles  Royal  Down  North.  By  Nonnan 
Duncan.  With  an  Appreciation  by  Wilfre<l 
T.  Grenfell,  M.I).  The  Fleminfr  H.  RereU 
Corapnny,  New  York.  Sl.:{5. 
Faith  of  France  (The).  By  Maurice  BurH 
Translated  by -Elisabeth  Marbury.  Focrwonl 
by  Henry  van  Dyke.  Houghton  Mifflin  Com- 
pany, Boston.    $1 .60. 

This  is  a  good  translation.  M.  Barren 
indeetl  interprets  the  soul  of  France^it> 
spiritual  unity  an<l  force.  The  volntne  ile- 
serves  widest  circalatioiu  We  earnestly 
commend  it. 

Some    Happenings.     By    Horace    Annnlei 
Vachell.     The    Ueorge   H.   Uoran   Corapuiv 
New  York.  ?l.."iO. 
This  is  a  colleetion  of  tales  by  one  of  tiir 
best  English  short-story  writers.  The  siili- 
jects  are  pleasantly  varied  and  reach  as  br 
as   Sail  Francisco  on   the  west,  althougii 
most  of  them  are  natural  sketches  uf  Eas- 
lisli  life  and  character.  We  are  particularly 
pleased  to  find  in  one  tale,  the  original  form 
of  what  is  probably  M#  Vachell's   best- 
known  book,  "  Quinney  W'  later  expanded 
into  a  novel,  dramatize)^  and,  if  we  are 
not  mistaken,  seen  on  the'  photo  screen. 

Tang    of    lilfe.     By   Henry    Herbert    Knibhs. 
Honi;liton  .HiiBin  Company,  Boston.  .*l..'iO. 

A  tale  of  gunmen,  cowboys,  forest  raiitr- 
ers,  and  I.  W.  W.  troubles.  The  story  lia» 
knowledge  of  We.ttern  life  as  well  as  eseiu- 
ment,biit  its  construction  is  poorly  planne<l. 

"War  Eagle  (The).    By  W.  J.   Dawwrn.    Th, 
John  ha.ne  Company,  New  York.  $t.S.i. 

As  we  might  expect  from  Coningsbr 
Dawson's  father,  one  of  the  characters  iu 
this  interesting  story  is  a  brilliant  yuntli 
who  surrenders  all  his  ambitions  anil 
assuredprospects  in  life  at  the  call  of  war 
duty,  "rhe  volume  records  events  of  the 
first  year  of  the  war  and  the  popnlar  atti- 
tude towards  it  in  this  cotutry ;  especialli 
the  emotions  aroused  by  the  sinking  of  the 
Lusitania. 

BOOKS  FOR  TOITIia  FOLKS 
Over  Indian  and  Animal  Tralla.    By  Jan 

H.  Thompson.    lUustrated.  The  Frederick  .\. 

Stokes  Company,  New  York,  $2. 
Boys  and  girls  who  love  animals  will 
delight  in  tliese  quaint  stories  of  wild  life  ; 
others  who  read  them  will  have  their  in- 
terest aroused  and  their  sympathy-  awak- 
ened for  the  dwellers  in  wootis  and  fields ; 
and  older  people  will  be  lured  by  the  snc- 

gestion  of  folk-lore  about  tliese  tales  to  rra<l 
lent  to  the  end.   Pictures  in  color  add  ti> 
the  interest  of  the  stories. 

TRAVEL  AND  DESCRTFTION 
Sleep  Trails.  ByJohnMoir.  Edited  by  WHIia:! 

Frederic  Badi.   Blnstrated.   Hoaghton  Miffi.M 

Company,  Boston.  $3. 
A  posthumous  collection  of  papers  eath 
ered  from  a  variety  of  periocncal  publim- 
tions  by  John  Muir^s  friend  William  Fre<l- 
eric  Bad^.  They  are  characteristic  of  .-> 
man  the  charm  of  whose  writings  li*!*  ii. 
the  variety  of  oualities  in  his  own  kaleidi- 
scopic  j)er»oiiality.    He  is  explorer,  n»tu- 


Digitized  by  l^jOOS^ 


IV^ 


xns 


THE  OUTLOOK 


429 


The  New  Books  (Continued) 
ralisit,  poet, '  and  artist,  and  one  never 
kitowii  what  aspect  of  this  varied  but  har- 
monious character  will  look  out  upon  the 
reader  as  tlie  paees  turn.  It  is  tliis  variety 
in  the  authors  interests  and  syinpatliies 
u  liieh  makes  him  so  delightful  an  inter- 
preter of  the  ever-varied  life  of  nature, 
tie  is  equally  fascinated  as  an  artist  by 
the  wonderful  c^lor  scheme  of  the  great 
Cafion  of  Colorado,  and  as  an  adventurer 
l>y  his  wild  and  perilous  night  experience 
on  Mount  Shasta. 

BIOORAPHV 
Iteinlnisoenoes  of  iiafcadio  Hearn.  Bjr  Set- 
Kuko   Koizuni   (Mm.   Ueam).     Truutilatea    by 
FbiU  Kiyoahi  Hiaitda  Hud   F'rederiok  Johnson. 
Hoaghton  Mifflin  Company,  Boston.    $1. 
All   etching  of  Lafcadio  Hearn  bv  his 
Japanese    wiie — simple,    naive,   chilalike. 
It  gives  a  pleasant  picture  of  the  man  and 
tlie  husband,  and  an  interesting  account  of 
iiiii  temperament  and  methods  of  work- 

REUOIOM  A^D  PHILOSUPHV 

I  lirlfltlan  EMJiloo  In  the  World  War.  By 
\V.  I>ou^las  Mackenzie,  llie  Aswoiation 
I>i«8s,  New  York.  $1. 

Dr.  Mackenzie  refuses  to  consider  the 
iiuestion,  Is  war  riglit  or  wrong? — a  question 
which  he  truly  says  "  is  infected  with  wliat 
tve  may  call  the  disease  of  abstraction." 
And  he  goes  to  the  root  of  the  essential 
(luestion  which  many  have  been  asking 
llieiuselves  in  this  time  of  world  war  re- 
»iiectiiig  the  moral  duty  of  a  citizen  at  such 
time  by  the  following  statement : 

What  u  the  duty  of  a  Stale  whieh,  while 
iiuuntaining  good  conduct  on  ita  own  side,  is 
actually  attacked  and  invaded  for  purposes  of 
conquest  and  depredation  by  another  State? 
The  whole  and  fundamental  fact  is  that  when 
RD  invading  army  croases  its  border  it  becomes 
an  organized  mass  of  murderers  and  robben. 
The  invaded  State,  has  the  same  responaibility, 
thongfa  a  heavier  task,  towards  the  invading 
crinunals  as  towards  the  less  numerous,  leas 
organized,  less  equipped  criminals  among  its 
own  citizens.  If  the  State  is  to  f  idlfill  lis  duty, 
the  invading  foroe  must  be  pnt  down. 

This  principle  he  applies  in  solving  the 
(piestions  which  arise  in  respect  to  the 
pi-eseot  world  war.  We  commend  the  book 
as  worthy  of  careful  study  by  those  who 
are  iu  any  perplexity  respecting  the  moral 
issues  invofvea  in  this 'war. 

Life  of  Ood  In  the  Litfe  of  His  World  (The). 
Bv  Jaiues  Morris  Whitou,  Ph.D.  The  Funk  & 
VVagnalls  Company,  New  Vork.  tiOo. 
We  recommend  this  little  book  to  any 
who  desire  to  get  an  intelligent  understand- 
ing of  what  is  coming  to  be  the  conception 
<>f  the  Trinity,  and  by  that  understanding 
fiuancipated  from  the  old  and  irrational 
interpretation  of  that  doctrine.  The  con- 
Iraitt  between  the  two  is  illustrated  by  the 
theological  statement,"  In  the  unity  of  the 
(;o<lhead  tliere  be  three  Persons,"  and  the 
spiritnal  statement,"  God  in  tliree  Persons." 
'file  one  assumes  that  there  are  three  Per- 
sons in  God,  the  other  tliat  God  is  mani- 
fested in  and  through  three  Persons.  Dr. 
Whiton  states  this  clearly  in  the  sentence, 
'*  A  Trinity  in  the  substance  of  God  must 
give  place  to  the  conception  of  it  as  a 
Trinity  in  the  activities  ot  God  in  the  life 
of  the  world."  That  tliis  is  not  an  idiosyn- 
cratic opinion  of  one  acute  thinker  is  indi- 
cated by  the  author's  statement  in  the  pref- 
ace that  it  is  a  revised  and  anipliiied  edition 
of  an  essay  written  by  him  for  tlie  "  Homi- 
Iftic  Review,"  which  "  within  the  last  three 
)  ears  lias  been  adopted  in  the  theological 
iteiiiinaries  at  Auburn,  New  York  (Presby- 
t<>rian),  and  Berkeley,  California  (Congre- 
i;ation»l^,  as  the  basis  of  their  teaching 
■•uncemii^  die  Trinity." 


Choose  Wisely 


They  Differ  in  Value 
From    7  to   10 -Fold 

The  large  package  of  Quaker  Oats  costs  from  30  to  32  cents.  So  does 
a  pound  of  round  steak  at  this  writing — or  a  pound  of  fresh  lialibut. 

But.  nieiusiuvd  in  calories — the  standard  eiier<;v  unit — they  differ 
in  value  as  follows  : 


The  Quaker  Oats  package  yields  622 1  calories 
The  pound  of  round  steak  yields    890        " 
The  pound  of  halibut  yields  565         " 


Quaker  Oats  gives  you,  for  tlie  same  money,  alxmt  eiffht  times  the  I'alory 
value  of  meat  foods,  on  the  average. 

On  tliat  l)a,sis,  each  dollar  spent  for  Quaker  Oats  buvs  as  iiiucli  as  SK  in  meats. 

It  buys  as  much  as  S20  in  some  foods 

And  Quaker  Oats  is  vastly  l)etter  food.  It  is  lietter  balanced,  more  coiii- 
)>lete.    It  is  rich  iu  needed  minerals. 

The  oat  is  almost  the  ideal  foml,  both  iu  flavor  an<l  luitritioii. 

Make  Quaker  Oats  your  breakfast.  I'se  it  to  cut  your  meat  bills.  Mix  it 
with  your  tlour  foods. 

It  means  lower  cost  of  living.    It  means  better  food  for  all. 


Just  the  Cream  of  the  Oats 


The  fxtpjisite  flavor  of  Quaker  (>iits  is 
due  to  selorted  jjraiiis.  \Vf  ti:ik,>  rlie  t)itfen 
(Kits  only-  just  till'  hi^,  pliiiiip  ifriitis. 


\Vh  p't  l>nt  ten  i>oini(l.s  from  ii  Imsliel. 
When  >oM  nsk  for  Quaker  Oats  v<iu  \:vt 
tliis  i-xtni  Havor  without  extra  price.  It  [wvs. 


12  to  13c  and  30  to  32c  Per  Package 

Except   in  Far  Wett  and  South 


[•-■.c-.J 


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THE   OUTLOOK 


13  NoTcmlxr 


FINANCIAL    DEPARTMENT 


All  legitimate  questions  from  Outlook  readers  about  investment  securities  will  be  answered  either  by  personal  letter  or 
in  these  pages.  The  Outlook  cannot,  of  course,  undertake  to  guarantee  against  loss  resulting  from  any  specific  invest- 
ment. Therefore  it  will  not  advise  the  purchase  of  any  specific  security.  But  it  will  give  to  inquirers  facts  of  record  or 
information  resulting  from  expert  investigation,  leaving  the  responsibility  for  final  decision  to  the  investor.  And  it  will 
admit  to  its  pages  only  those  financial  advertisements  which  after  thorough  expert  scrutiny  are  believed  to  be  worthy  of 
confidence.   All  letters  of  inquiry  regarding  investment  securities  should  be  addressed  to 

THE  OUTLOOK   FINANCIAL  DEPARTMENT,  381  Fonrth  Avenue.  New  York 


FIFTH   AVENUE 

and  the  Bond  Market 


THE  National  City  Company 
announces  the  opening  of  a 
new  office  in  New  York  at  the 
southwest  corner  of  Fifth  Avenue 
and  Forty-third  Street — No.  514 
Fifth  Avenue. 

In  establishing  this  office  for  the 
sale  of  high-grade  bonds  and  short 
term  notes,  the  Company  has  been 
actuated  by  a  desire  to  make  its 
unusual  service  more  available 
to  investors  living  in  or  visiting 
New  York. 

The  new  office  is  in  the  heart  of 
the    hotel    and    shopping  district, 


and  will  save  an  hour's  time  for 
many  who,  otherwise,  would  have 
to  journey  to  Wall  Street.  We 
have  provided  there  every  facility 
for  service  to  investors,  including 
private  wires  through  our  main 
office  to  many  important  cities. 
Information  regarding  securities 
will  be  cheerfully  furnished  by 
the  trained  men  and  women  in 
charge. 

You  are  cordially  invited  to  visit 
this  new  office.  We  assure  you  of 
a  hearty  welcome  and  our  best 
attention. 


The  National  City  Company 

National  City  Bank  Building,  New  York 
UPTOWN  office:  514  Fifth  Avenue,  at  43d  Street 

Correspondent  Offices  in  thirty-one  cities 


± 


BONDS 


SHORT   TERM    NOTES 


ACCEPTANCES 


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1918 


THE   OUTLOOK 


431 


CURREINT    FINANCIAL   TOPICS 


THE  subject  of  iiiodem  langtu^es  in 
banking  and  bunness  is  receiving 
increasing  consideration  from  aU 
sides.  A  recent  report  to  the  British 
Prime  Minister  by  a  committee,  appointed 
"to  inquire  into  the  position  of  modem 
langiiM[es  with  the  eoucational  system  of 
[Jreat  Britain  "  says  : 

Spanish  has  perhaps  the  greatest  oommer- 
oial  importance  owing  to  the  size  and  grow- 
ing weslth  of  the  Spanish-speaking  oomraiini- 
ties  of  Central  and  iSoath  Amerioa.  We  have 
bad  conclusive  evidence t»f  the  damage  suffered 
by  British  trade  in  America  through  British 
igsoranoe  of  Spanish.  We  are  told  that  the 
Latin  races  of  America  are  unwilling  to  learn 
English  or  any  other  foreign  language.  The 
citizens  of  the  United  States,  although  them- 
selves not  much  inclined  to  study  foreign  lan- 
guages, have  not  only  been  alert  to  see  a  likely 
advantage  here  but  have  displayed  an  intelli- 
gent antirapation  of  a  possible  renaissance  of 
Sjiain  itself.  We  learn  that  the  supply  in  NoTth 
America  of  text-books  and  handbooks  for  the 
study  of  Spanish  is  far  superior  to  our  own. 

The  following  paragraph  is  taken  from 
n  item  which  appeared  in  the  Chicago 
Daily  News  "  durmg  the  Fourth  Liberty 
«an  Campaign : 

•*  A  representatdve  Civil  War  bond  was 
le  loan  of  February,  1861,  known  as  the 
I881g,'  the  year  in  which  they  matured, 
f  these  twenty-year  6  per  cent  bonds 
18y41o,000  were  sold  at  an  average  price 
t  89.03.  In  June,  1861,  these  bonds  sold 
)  the  open  market  at  83,  the  low  record 
rice.  They  advanced  steadily  as  the 
orthem  prospects  improved.  By  April, 
i64,  tliey  nad  risen  to  112.  After  Grant 
«eived  Lee's  surrender  the  advance  con- 
lued  rapidly.  By  1869  the  bonds  had 
>De  to  125,  and  in  September,  1876,  they 
ached  tlieir  high  record  price  of  128%. 
le  prices  and  dates  are  from  records 
mpUed  by  the  National  City  Company  of 
9W  X  orR* 

Following  is  a  letter  which  the  Invest- 
int  Bankers'  Association  has  addressed 
its  members  : 

Vender*  of  questionable  seonrities  have  never 
md  aach  a  harvest  as  they  have  enjoyed  since 
ha  firvt  Liberty  Bond  issue  was  put  on  the 
BBrket.  They  have  had  no  need  to  buy  or 
loild  np  lists  of  gullible  people,  for  practically 
very  person  they  m^t  is  the  owner  of  a  Lib- 
rty  Boitd.  The  traffic  in  exchanging  Liberty 
loitda  for  worthless  oil  stocks,  industrial  and 
liningr  shares,  has  reached  a  point'  almost  un- 
eUeTsble  in  its  magnitude.  It  is  estimated 
■at  the  sales  of  fraudulent  securities,  either 
JT  caah  or  in  trade  for  Liberty  Bonds,  have 
ached  the  enormous  sum  of  ansrwhere  from 
:i90,000,000  to  (500,000,000  a  year,  and,  while 
■ere  is  m  wide  margin  between  the  two  figures, 
ran  the  smaller  figure  is  a  menace  to  the 
MUitry. 

Will  yon  please  forward  to  this  Commitlee 
'onimittee  on  Fraudulent  Advertising]  the 
une  Mod  address  and  all  the  information  you 
la  get  ooaoeming  any  one  who  is  t— "ing  any 
nd  of  security  that  has  not  received  the 
■provml  of  the  Capital  Issues  Committee.   It 

hoped  that  your  reference  will  include  not 
iljr  iaenes  that  are  fraudulent  on  their  face. 
It  alao  municipal,  public  utility,  industrial, 
d  olhsT  issues  that  do  not  bear  the  approval 
the  Capital  Issues  Committee. 
Whea  y^  forward  matter  of  this  kind,  please 
L^  tbe  name  of  the  security,  the  name  of  the 
leuii  or  penoos  selling  it,  where  it  is  being 
Id,  BMtA  any  deeoriptive  liteistnre  of  any  kind 
mt  yoa  oui  gat  eonceniing  it. 

«te«t  figures  on  the  Fourth  Liberty 
n  indicate  that  there  were  21,800,000 
vi<luaJ  tubscribers.   It  appears,  there- 


fore, that  about  one-fifth  of  our  population 
are  owners  of  Liberty  Bonds.  It  goes  witli- 
out  saying  that  the  vast  majority  of  these 
are  ignorant  of  investment  matters.  Never 
befoi-e  has  the  fake  stock  promoter  worked 
in  a  field  of  such  rich  potentialities. 

Southern  Pacific  stock,  which  has  always 
sold  on  a  level  with  the  stock  of  the  Santa 
F^  surprised  the  investment  world  a  week 
or  two  ago  by  advancing  1.5  points  to  106. 

While  the  Southern  Pacific  Company 
controls  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad 
Company,  the  railway  operations  are  at  the 
moment  the  less  important  phase  of  its 
market  position.  Interest  in  the  Southern 
Pacific  just  now  is  centered  on  its  potenti- 
alities  as  an  oil-producing  company,  and 
there  is  a  case  pending  before  the  United 
States  Supreme  Court  which  involves  some 
89,500  acres  of  oil  lands  In  California  to 
which  the  Southern  Pacific  Company  holds 
patents. 

A  railway  company  cannot  patent  lands 
of  any  mineral  viilue,  but  if  it  has  procured 
a  patent  to  lands  which  subsequently  are 
proved  to  contain  valuable  minerals,  such 
patent  cannot  be  canceled  unless  procured 
through  fraud. 

The  Southern  Pacific  Company  has 
proved  thus  far  that  its  2,273,000  acres  of 
oil  lands  were  not  acquired  through  fraud. 
The  question  before  the  Supreme  Court  is 
a  question  of  law  and  not  ox  fact.  It  looks 
very  much  as  if  the  Southern  Pacific  Com- 
pany would  obtain  an  incontestable  patent 
to  its  oil  property,  of  which  only  o9,500 
acres  are  affected  by  litigation,  suits  in- 
volving 2,188,500  acres  having  been  decided 
in  favor  of  the  company. 

Reports  from  the  Northwest  indicate 
that  tne  value  of  the  six  principal  crops  in 
Minnesota,  North  Dakota.  South  Dakota, 
and  Montana  is  $1,243,939,530. 

The  Minneapolis  Federal  Reserve  Dis- 
trict was  the  first  to  go  over  the  top  in  the 
Fourth  Liberty  Loan  campaign,  having 
subscribed  $239,616,350  as  against  a  quota 
of  $210,000,000. 

France  and  Spun,  according  to  London 
papers,  have  under  consideration  a  plan  of 
taking  over  all  railways  during  the  war 
and  until  one  year  after  peace  has  been 
declared.  Under  this  plan  payments  on 
securities  would  continue  as  before,  and 
stockholders  would  receive  remuneration 
equivalent  to  the  average  dividends  paid  in 
1915, 1916,  and  1917. 

QUESTIONS  AND  ANSWERS 

Q.  Will  yon  kindly  explain  to  me  the  conver- 
sion privilege  attaching  to  the  new  7  per  cent  Dotes 
of  the  Interboroqgh  Rapid  Transit  Company,  and 
mention  its  advantages,  if  any,  to  the  note-holder. 

A.  The  holder  of  Interborongh  Rapid 
Transit  Company  7  per  cent  notes  at  his  op- 
tion mav  convert  tliem  into  the  company's 
first  ana  refunding  5  per  cent  bonds  at  8<  K 
— t.  e.,  exchange  each  $1,000  note  for  $1,000 
worth  of  the  bonds,  each  $1,000  bond  being 
valued  at  $875.  It  would  not  be  to  the  note- 
holder's advantage  to  make  this  exchange 
unless  the  bonds  were  selling  in  the  open 
market  at  better  than  87  U. 

The  first  5s  were  brou^t  out  at  98  and 
98}^,  and  in  normal  times  should  sell  in 
that  neighborhood.  If  the  bonds  go  to  98 1^ 
again  before  1921,  the  maturity  of  the  notes, 
the  7s  would  be  worth  about  112  U,  for 
each  $1,000  would  on  conversion  call  for  I 


After  the  War? 


Proiretsive  merohanta  and  bankera  arc 
looking  forward  to  the  reconstruction  period 
after  the  war. 

Intelligent  investors  are  devoting  the  same 
shrewdness  to  their  investments.  They  be- 
lieve in  keeping  a  finger  on  the  pulse  o(  in- 
vestment conditions. 

*'  Bond  Topics."  our  house  organ,  will  be 
published  every  other  month  and  will  be  scot 
to  you  free  on  request  for  Booklet  O-200. 
We  are  glad  to  extend  this  service  to  invest- 
ors and  are  alwaya  ready  to  lend  the  aid  of 
our  experienced  investment  experts. 

Remember  io  specify  Booklet  0^200 

/l'H'Bickmore&[p 

III  BROADWAY.  NY. 


INVEST  YOUR   SAVINGS 

Jltaiika,  Trust<«8,  Iimiinuioe  Cotiipatiifs.  Iimt^ 
itiitiuiiH,  Ktc,  have  invented  with  \\s  for  yvtn 
without  the  Ions  of  a  cent  in  prii)ri|>al  or  liitw^ 
est.  Iiulivjiluals  are  invited  to  take  advantagv 
I  of  our  First  MortK^t's  on  improved  farms,  %M<M  and 
up.  i5  yearn"  exin-netice.  Our  record  an  open  book. 
Writtj  for  full  particulara. 

THE  FARM  MORTGAGC  TRUST  CO. 
503  jAokson  St.  TopekA.  Kansas 


For 
Re-investment 

NBVBR  hsvawehad  s  mors 
sttraetlve  Investment  list 
of  6%  First  MortcsKS  Real 
StetateSsrialQold  Bondlssaes. 
All  of  the  Issues  we  recom- 
mend are  msrksd  by  mors 
than  ordinary  stabllltr  and 
ssfirtr.  And  all  ar*  backed  by 
new,  income-produdnc  prop- 
erty of  twice  or  more  than 
twice  the  value  of  the  iuue. 
Mall  your  request  today  for 
oar  Re-investment  List. 

WrUm  f»r  booUt.  "For  Jta-iniwsfmmf  " 

Federal  Bond 
&MortgageCo. 

Harry  W.  Ford.  PrM. 

90  L  CrUwoU  Stnmt  Dmlr»ll 

n;») 


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432 


THE   OUTLOOK 


13  November 


Your  Investment  Problem 

UNDER  present  conditions  sound  investment  securities  are  avail- 
able at  prices  which  yield  unusually  attractive  returns.  I  n  solving 
your  investment  problem — irt  placing  your  funds  or  in  re-investing 
your  holdings  to  the  best  advantage — the  Bond  Department  of  this 
Company  can  be  of  service  to  you. 

This  department  is  a  complete  investment  organization,  with  every 
modern  facility  for  service  to  investors.  It  investigates,  examines,  and 
underwrites  bond  and  note  issues;  buys  and  sells  securities;  and  fur- 
nishes information  relating  to  investments.  Through  our  correspon- 
dents in  various  cities,  these  facilities  are  placed  at  the  convenient 
disposal  of  our  customers  outside  of  New  York. 

This  Company  is  an  organization — of  which 
the  Bond  Department  is  a  part — covering 
completely  the  field  of  banking  and  tnist 
service. 

Through  its  Banking  Department,  the  Com- 
pany transacts  a  general  commercial  banking 
business.  As  a  member  of  the  Federal  Reserve 
System  the  Company  is  enabled  to  extend  to 
its  customers  the  credit  facilities  and  rediscount 
and  collection  privileges  of  a  member  bank. 

Through  its  Foreign  Department  and  its 
affiliations  and  connections  throughout  the 
world,  the  Company  affords  a  complete  for- 
eign banking  service.  It  also  gives  special 
attention  to  the  Hanking  needs  of  officers  and 
men  in  the  American  Expeditionary  Force 
and  other  recognized  organizations  abroad. 

Through  its  Trust  Department  the  Company 
acts  in  every  fiduciary  edacity  for  corpora- 
tions and  individuals. 

Your 'inquiries  as  to  how  we  may  serve  you 

will  be  welcomed. 


OurmonthlYhooklet,InvestmeniRecommenda/ions,isma.iledonrequest 

Guaranty  Trust  Company  of  New  York 


FirTH   Ave.  Ottict 
Fifth  Ave.  &  43rd  St. 

Madison  Ave.  OrricE 
Madison  Ave.  &  60th  St. 


140  Broadway 

London  OrricEs 
31  Lombard  St.,  E.  C. 
5  Lr.  GnMvenor  PI.,  S.  W. 


Paii)    OrricE 
Rue  del  Italieiu,  I  &  3 

TouEi    OrricE 
Rue   Etienne   Pallu,    7 


Capital  &  Surplus  $50,000,000  Resources  over  $600,000,000 


QuestioHS  and  Answers  (Continued) 
Sl,142.86  par  value  of  first  Ss,  which  at 
9»y,  would  be  worth  $1,12.5.71. 

In  brief,  if  at  maturity  conditions  are 
favorable,  the  note-holder  may  accept  in 
exchange  long-term  bonds  at  a  very  reason- 
able figure,  and  if  they  are  not,  he  may 
demand  cash. 

Q.  lam  oonsideriiig  the  inrestment  of  my  hard- 
earned  savings  in  the  Calnmet  and  Hecla  Minini; 
C'uiiipany  stock.  Would  yon  consider  it  wise  to.bny 
the  stock  at  its  present  low  figure '.' 

A.  BroadljT  speaking,  no  common  stock 
is  a  proper  mvestment  for  "hard-earned 
savings.'  The  element  of  speculation  is  too 
great.  We  would  be  incline<I  to  class  the 
stock  of  the  Calnmet  and  Hecla  Mining 
Company  as  a  btisiness  man's  risk,  although 
a  very  good  one.   As  yon  probably  know. 


at  the  close  of  1917  this  company  reported 
a  profit  and  loss  account  credit  of 
$1,128,281,  as  against  $1,920,000  capital 
stock. 

If  you  feel  tliat  you  can  afford  to  buy 
securities  other  tluui  those  of  tlie  very  high- 
est class,  and  consequent  comparatively  low 
yield,  why  not  consider  some  of  the  short- 
term  issues  offered  at  prices  to  yield  7  to 
7^^  per  cent?  We  refer  particularly  to 
Bethlehem  Steel  Company  7s,  Armour  & 
Co.  (>s,  Procter  &  Gamble  7s,  Amalga- 
mated Sugar  7s,  Duquesne  Light  6e,  and 
American  Cotton  Oil  t  s.    . 

Q.  I  have  in  trust  abont  $1,000  for  investment. 
Will  yon  kindly  tell  rae  what  tliat  amount  put  into 
General  Motors  would  bring,  and  how  safe  an  in- 
vestment in  that  stock  would  l>«>  ?  Also  how  would 
one  go  abont  porchasing  stock '.'   I  have  had  very 


little  experience  with  affairs  of  this  sort  and  will 
appreciate  any  informatioo. 

A.  The  laws  of  your  State,  New  Jener, 
limit  the  securities  in  which  savings  banks 
and  trust  fimds  may  be  legally  invested 
roughly  to  certain  municipal  bonds  and  to 
first  mortgage  bonds  of  tlie  steam  railways 
which  have  paid  not  less  tluui  4  per  cent 
on  their  lowest  class  of  stock  during  the 
five  years  just  prior  to  the  date  ot  pur- 
chase. Since  stocks  are  not  included,  your 
proposed  investment  in  General  Motors 
cannot  be  made  under  the  law. 

There  are  many  railway  bonds  among 
those  listed  on  the  New  York  Stock  Ex- 
change which  are  legal — for  example,  the 
first  mortgage  bonds  of  either  the  Union 
Pacific,  the  Avchison,  or  tlie  Northern  Pv 
cific  Railway. 

Any  gouc)  bond  house  will  be  pleased  to 
furnish  detaile<l  information  on  request, 
and  after  you  have  made  selection  will 
execute  your  order,  sending  bill  for  amount 
due,  or  shipping  tiie  security  to  your  bank 
with  draft  attaclie<l. 

Q.  I  have  about  $.3,000  that  I  want  to  umat  'a 
some  good  intereat-bearing  secnrity  or  stock.  While 
safety  comes  first,  1  would  like  to  get  at  leaat  aewB 
or  eight  per  cent  on  this  investment. 

I  have  thought  of  Reading  Railway  stock,  SontV 
em  Pticific  Railway  stock,  and  Wabaah  PiefeiieJ 
^*  A  "  stock,  Wonld  you  give  nieyonr  opinicnaB 
the  above,  and  at  the  same  time  mention  aome  other 
secniitiea  in  which  I  might  invest  this  sant  and  b* 
safe? 

A.  All  of  the  stocks  mentioned  in  your 
letter  are  safe  investments.  To  yonr  liM 
might  also  be  added  Great  Northern  Pre- 
femd,  Northern  Pacific  capital  stock,  and 
Bethlehem  Steel  new  8  per  cent  preferred. 

As  investments  of  a  slightly  higner  grade, 
wliich  nevertheless  are  now  selling  to  yidd 
very  attractive  returns,  we  would  soggeat 
sonie  of  the  short-term  securities  which 
are  convertible  into  either  long-term  bonds 
or  stocks.  We  have  particularly  in  mind 
in  tliis  connection  Interborougfa  Bapid 
Transit  Company  7  per  cent  notes  and 
Armour  &  Co.  Gs,  both  of  which  yield  over 
seven  per  cent  at  prevailing  prices. 

Some  of  the  long-term  railway  bonds, 
such  as  Southern  Railway  general  and  de- 
velopment 4s  at  66,V< ,  to  yiera  6wi5  per  cent, 
might  meet  your  requirements. 


Are  You  An  Investor  ? 

During  the  past  year  the  Financial  Depart- 
ment of  The  Outlook  has  hel[>ed  hundreds  of 
Outlook  readers  to  solve  intelligently  their 
particular  investment  problems.  Perhaps  you 
are  contemplating  a  shifting  of  your  present 
holdings  or  have  fresh  funds  to  invest  In 
either  case  we  shall  be  glad  to  give  you 
specific  information  on  any  securities  in 
which  you  may  be  interestea.  This  service 
is.entirely  free  to  Outlook  readers. 

The  Outlook  Financial  D^Mtrtmeiit 

n*  Ortlook  Coapaoy,  381  Fovtk  Ana*.  M.  T. 


DANFORTH  FARM  MORTGAGES 

reproaont  the  litfcheMt  type  of  bmatmnita.  TYuey  haw 
stood  the  test  of  wars  Mid  biuine«  dvprenaoQ  aiatm 
iSrS—fH)  >  ean.  aikd  alwmsra  worth  100%. 
Interest  paid  promptly  at  maturity. 

FARM  MORTOAOE   BON*I>H  In 
S500  mid  •l.OOO  denoininntioiiB 
For  further  information  r^nnliuic  otir  Fmrm  Loaiw  aad 
Booda  write  for  Booklet  aitd  Investors'  List  Ko.  SB. 

AG-Danforth-£-G) 

BANKERS         Foumtod  A.O.  !••• 
WASHINQTON  •  ILUNOIS 


Digitized  by 


oogl 


1918 

RHYMES  IN    PROSE   ON    MY 
VERBAL   THROES 

To  The  Oytlook's  Editor  (from  a  Perplexed 
Contributor): 
You  s»y  fin  By  the  Wajr)  that  you  have 
wondered  wnera  those  "  flying  "  verbs  were 
found,  but  I — well,  I  have  blundered  over 
some  here  on  the  ground ;  so,  while  you 
quote  thequeerness  of  to  blip,  blimp,  eonk, 
or  quirk,  1  niarveh  at  their  nearness  to  the 
words  I  daily  shirk.  No  doubt  you  were 
but  jesting ;  still,  your  aviation  slanfi'  has 
gone  abroad  molesting  that  of  terra-nrma 
twang.  You  "  started  it  "  !  The  telling  of 
your  own  perplexity  has  tempted  this  com- 
pelling of  your  sympathy  for  me. 

I  took  mv  English  training  in  a  good 
old-fashionea  school  which  boasted  of  ob- 
taining strict  attention  to  each  rule ;  it 
taught  pronunciations,  definitions,  spelling, 
use — in  all  the  complications  that  our  Eng- 
lish words  produce;  so,. when  that  course 
was  finished,  I  was  free  from  foohsh  fears 
of  word  conceit  diminished  with  the  pass- 
ing of  the  years.  In  fact,  I  went  on  hving 
through  some  thirty  years  or  so  before  the 
first  misgiving  came  to  blight  the  words  I 
know ;  but  times — and  woras — are  chang- 
ing, and  to-day  I  must  confess  my  need  of 
rearranging  all  my  language,  for,  unless  I 
take  some  new  instruction  in  the  modem 
mode  of  speech,  111  miss  the  introduction 
to  the  styfe  it  seems  to  teach. 

I've  stodied  all  the  papers,  thinking  they 
might  show  me  how  to  understand  the 
capers  that  mere  words  indulge  in  now ; 
for  some  are  growin?  very  shy,  and  some 
that  used  to  stay  within  the  dictionary  are 
in  everybody's  way  ;  a  few  have  been  pur- 
loined by  the  movies  ;  many  more  nave 
recently  been  coined  in  the  progress  of  the 
war,  and  just  to  merely  mention  any  pal  of 
eanuntflage  will  stimulate  contention  like  the 
accent  of  garage  ;  so  here  you  find  me  trying 
hard  to  figure  out  a  scheme  for  properly  ap- 
plying words  that  are  not  what  they  seem. 
In  trying  to  discover  where  the  terms  of 
motor  cars  invade  the  ones  that  hover 
round  the  moving-picture  stars,  I've  made 
a  fair  concession  to  the  phrases  that  began 
ill  methods  of  expression  needed  by  the 
bleacher  fan,  and  still  I  find  them  jumbled 
in  a  hopeless  sort  of  heap  o'er  which  my 
toneue  nas  stumbled. 

The  good  old  definitions  that  I  learned 
ao  lung  ago  seem  lost  in  competition  with 
the  ones  I  do  not  know ;  and  isn't  it  dis- 
tressing to  be  forced  to  stop  and  think 
because  your  gift  for  guessing  won't  supply 
the  missing  link  !  A  leader,  so  they  tell  me, 
is  title  on  a  screen  intended  to  compel  ap- 
preciation of  the  scene ;  while  business  now, 
quite  happily,  is  playing  here  and  there, 
and  fortu,  adorned  with  capitals,  are  run- 
nine  everywhere  ;  such  wards  as  in  and  off 
ana  on  rule  movie,  game,  and  car — sodoirt 
preaame  to  scoff  unless  you  know  just 
where  you  are.  Can  you  define  a  pocket  or  . 
t  fabric,  may  I  ask  ;  a  camber  or  a  sprocket 
or  a  tnillion-doUar  mask ;  a  slice  or  lug  or 
timer,  or  a  eut-out  or  release  ;  a  spraa  or 
set  (or  rhymer)  t  Come,  describe  them 
quickly,  please;  but  do  not  ever  make  a 
guess  at  what  they  seem  to  be — for  blow- 
oiUs  are  mistaken,  just  that  way,  for  eom^ 
etly,  waA  farces  prove  perplexing  when  the 
action  is  a  bluff.  With  all  these  problems 
vexing  you,  why  don't  yon  say,  "  Enough  "  ? 
Bat  this  is  not,  however,  all  the  knowl- 
edge you  will  need,  and  you  perhaps  may 
ner«r  reach  the  height  of  lingual  speed  ;  for 
»la.nguage  is  expanding  too,  and  you  will 
hav«  to  face  attempts  at  understanding  if 
yoa're  going  to  keep  the  pace.  You'll  have 
to  know  the   foreefnlness  of  beat  it  and 


THE  OUTLOOK 


433 


Sanford  Beoncit  at  50         Santord  Bennett  at  78 


An  Old  Man  at  Fifty 
A  Young  Man  at  Seventy 

•     The  Rofnarkable  Storr  of  Sanford    Bennett,  a    San    FraneUco 
Biuinesa  Mui,  Who  Has  SoItmI  the  Problem  of  Prolonging  Youth 

By  V.  O.  SCHWAB 


There  is  no  longer  anr  oooaaion  to  go  hnntiiu;  for 
the  Sprine  of  Eternal  X onth.  What  Fonoe deLeon 
{■ilea  to  diaoorer  in  hi*  vorld-faunoiu  mianon,  agea 
ago,  has  been  brought  to  light  right  here  in  staid 
pniaaio  America  b^  Sanfora  Bennett,  a  San  Fran- 
oiaeo  bmrinoM  man.  He  can  prove  it,  too,  tight  in  his 
own  penon.  At  00  he  was  partisilv  ball.  Today 
bahusthiokbMdofbair.atthaagh  it  ta  whit*.  At  CO  hb 
aTMwar*  w«*k.  Today  tbtjrsreasitraacMwtanlMWMa 
ohOd.  AtMhams  ■  wonM«t,liK)k«o-down,daat«|itt  old 
man.  Today  he  tain  perfect  holth.afood  deal  of  an  athlete, 
and  aa  young  aa  tha  avaxage  man  at  35. 

All  tnta  ba  liaa  aooampUriied  l>y  aome  wiy  almple  and 
notla  exendaea  wljicb  ba  pnuiticea  for  about  tao  mbiatca 
before  artalng  in  tha  momfaig.  Yea,  many  of  the  exaniiaaa 
are  taken  hi  bed,  peouUar  aa  tlita  may  aeam.  Aa  Mr.  Bennett 
explalna.  \ia  oaaa  waa  not  one  ol  preaerring  health,  bat  one 
of  rejuvenating  a  weak,  middleeged  body  into  a  roboal  old 
one,  and  lie  aura  what  lie  liaa  aooom|dlihed  anrooe  can 
aoccmpliah  by  the  appUoation  of  tha  nme  methoda,  and  ao 
it  would  aeam.  All  of  whieli  puta  tlie  Dr.  Oder  ttieoty  to 
ahame.  Thexe  iaa't  room  in  thia  article  to  go  into  a  lengthy 
deaariptinn  of  Mr.  Bapaett'a.maMiada.for^he.ilaiaUauof 
youth  and  tlte  prereotioa  of  old  age.  All  tiiia  he  telle  tiim- 
aelf  hi  a  hook  which  he  Iiaa  written,  entitled  "  Old  Age— lU 
Caoae  and  Prercntlfla."  Thta  book  ta  a  complete  lii^ory  of 
himaelf  and  hta  experiancee,  and  cnntaina  ccmplote  inatrno- 
tiona  f or  thoae  wbo  wiahtopnthtahealtliandytmtli-buDding 
methoda  to  their  own  naa.  It  ta  a  liook  tiiat  every  man  and 
woman  who  ta  deairona  cf  nmaining  young  after  paaaing  the 
ilttieth,  rixtiath,  aerentiath,  and,  aa  Mr.  Bennett  believee, 
the  one  hundredth  mnwatone  of  life,  ahoold  read. 

PARTIAL  CONTENTS 

Some  idea  of  the  field  corered  by  the  author  may  be  gained 
by  the  following  toplca :  Old  Age,  Ita  Caoae ;  How  to  Pre- 
Tent  It ;  Tlie  Will  in  Exerciaing ;  Exercielng  fai  Bed— ahown 
by  ilfteen  pagea  of  Dlaatmtion.  Bun,  Freeh  Air  and  Deep 
weathfaig  for  Lung  DeTelopment  ;  The  Secret  of  Good 
OigeatiDn  ;  Dyapapata ;  How  I  Strengthened  My  ^ee ;  The 
XJrer ;  Intenal  Cleanlineaa — how  it  remorea  and  piercDta 

external  otaaali- 
Variooae  Veina  fai  the  Lege ;  Tha  Hab  i 
The  Obeae  Abdomen  ;  The  Rejurenatlca  of  the  J!koe,  Throat 
and  Neck ;  The  Skin,  and  many  other  experience  chapters 
cf  vital  intereat. 

DONT  SEND  ANY   MONEY 

"  Old  Age— lU  Cauae  and  Prevention,"  with  ita  400  pagea 
profuaely  Wuatrated  and  faandaomely  bound  in  <doth,  cootama 
aa  much  material  aa  many  Couxaaa  of  luatructlaa  aeUlug  for 


oonatlpatioa  and  ita  many  attendant  Hta; 
Rlieumatiam ; 


skiddoo,  or  else  some  boy's  horseless  wagon 
may  run  over  you.  (I'm  giving  you  fair 
wai-ning  that  vocabularies  may  allow  your 
lofty  scorning,  but  it  really  uoesn't  pay.) 
When  officers  of  law  to-day  go  out  and 
cateh  a  thug,  this  man  who  should  be 
brought  to  jail  is  landed  in  the  jug  ;  and 
when  some  poor  benighted  stumbler  begs  for 
charity,  he's  apt  to  oe  invite<l  to  bark  vp 
some  other  tree.  Just  so  a  few  hard-work- 
ing words  must  tolerate  abuse,  while  other 
ones  are  sliirking  without  plausible  excuse. 
For  instance,  ^ood  ohi  spellei-s  recognized 
Uie  name-word,  head  ;  but  now  the  world's 
"best  sellers"  choose  from  <Iozens  in  its 
stead.  There's  dome  and  bean  and  bealer, 
belfry,  skiUl,  and  knob  and  nut  (a  real  ac- 
complished spieler  uses  cortk  and  coro)  ;  but 
you  need  not  be  confined  to  these,  for  cra- 
nium and  peak  fit  like  well-worn  sox  if 


tS5  or  more.  But  you  can  aeonra  a  copy  of  thta  book  for 
only  $3.  Before  committing  yooraelf  in  any  way,  iuwerar, 
the  publiaher  will  aend  you  "  Old  Age— lu  Cauae  and  Pre- 
Tention  "  on  approval  without  depoait.  Sanfoid  Benuett'a 
ayatem,  aa  fudy  daacribed  and  Oluatratwl  hi  hta  book,  tai- 
oreaaea  nerve  force  and  nerve  energy,  banadting  eveiy  organ 
cf  the  body— the  bnUn  biclnded— by  keepfaig  the  verteGna 
of  tiM  iphml  adman  young,  flexiljle,  elaatio,  and  in  perfect 
alignment.  If,  after  eTamlnation  fai  your  own  iMxne  you  feel 
Tpa  can  alfonl  to  be  without  youth  and  health,  aend  the  book 
hack  within  Are  daya  and  you  will  owe  noihhig.  If  you  de- 
cide to  keep  it,  aend  your  cheek  for  $3.  Tiim  axe  no  itriiun 
to  tlUa  olfar.  No  money  ta  requiied  in  advance.  Meiely  ffll 
out  and  man  the  coupon  axid  by  retuxn  poet  "  Okl  Age— Ita 
Cauae  and  Prevention,"  will  be  lent  to  you  at  onca. 

MAIL  COin>ON 

For  having  aolved  the  prolilem  of  pro- 
longing youth  during  life,  the  world  owea 
Sanfond  Baonett  a  vote  of  thanka.  Of 
coniae,  there  are  tliaae  who  will  aoolf  at 
tlie  idea,  but  tha  real  wlae  men  and  wo- 
man among  thoae  wlio  hear  of  Banford 
Bennett  will  moot  cerlainiy  inveadgate 
further  and  at  leaat  aoquira  a  knowledge 
of  hta  methoda.  Thta  the  publiaher  wfll 
allow  you  to  do  without  coat  or  obliga- 
tion, tnxougfa  hta  "  aend  no  money  "  <mer. 
But  H  ta  advtaable  to  mafl  the  coupon 
today,  baoauae  thta  nnnaual  uo-ridi  mfer 
ta  Itable  to  be  withdrawn  any  moment. 
Addreea  CRA8.  H.  DBSOREV,  Book 
PnbUaher,  Dept.  Ill,  G0S4  Metropolitan 
Baildh«,  New  Tork. 


MAIL  THIS  TODAY-NO  MONEY  REQIAREO 

CHAS.  H.  DESGREY,  Book  PnbBaher. 

Dept.  111.  BOM  MetrapoUtan  BoiUiBB.  New  Yach 

Sand  ma  Sanford  Bennett'a  Book—-  Old  Age— Ita  Cauae 
and  Prevention."  I  will  either  remail  the  book  witliin  Ave 
daya  after  receipt  and  owe  you  nothing,  or  will  aend  Kl  In 
fnll  payment. 

Name 

Addreaa 

City State 

you've  a  mind  to  make  them  useful  when 
you  speak  about  your  bra  in-box.  Surely  it's  a 
privilege  to  be  protected  so  securely  from 
that  word,  head.  Heads  may  be  cracked 
or  lavivifd  or  slugged  or  subject  to  abuse  by 
being  biff'ed  or  Int  m  med  or  bu mj>ed — which- 
ever way  you  choose.  To  use  alliteration, 
just  invent  it  as  you  go — there  is  no  Uiuita- 
tion  to  the  way  tiiat  wonls  may  g^ow. 

Alas  for  stem  devotion  to  each  lingual 
twist  or  turn,  it  leaves  nie  with  a  notion  tliat 
I  am  too  old  to  learn.  I  HikI  myself  unlucky 
in  tills  wonl-reforining  age  ;  but  yoit — ^well, 
you  are  plucky  if  you're  following  this  page  ; 
so  won't  you  help  your  nation,  please,  by 
proffering  a  plan  to  save  the  sitoatiuii  ?  Yes, 
and  tell  me, it  you  can,  vliat  du^ou  think  I'd 
better  do  to  solve  my  sorry  phght '(  If  yon 
have  read  this  letter,  tliank  you  kindly — and 
Good  night  I        Maud  M.  Doulittlk. 


434 


THE   OUTLOOK 


13  November 


A  Real  "Fountain  of  Youth" 
for  Fine  Furniture  and  Floors 


It  your  good  furniture  ahowing 
signs  of  use  and  age  ?  Restore  the 
beauty  of  newness  with  3-in-One  Oil. 
Put  a  few  drops  of  3-in>One  on  a 
cloth  wrung  out  of  cold  water.  Qo 
over  every  piece  in  library,  living- 
room,  dining-room  and  bedrooms — 
not  forgetting  the  mahogany  case  of 
the  piano.  Dry  and  polish  with  a  soft 
cloth,  following  the  grain  of  the  wood. 


The  results  will  surprise  and  delight 
you.  Brighten  up  desks  and  other 
office  furniture  in  the  same  way. 

Your  floors,  too,  need  regular  treat- 
ment with  3-in-One.  Make  your  own 
polish  mop.  Cut  o£f  any  mop  4  inches 
from  the  handle  and  pour  on  a  little 
3-in-One  Oil.  This  polish  mop  will 
take  up  all  the  lint  and  dust  and 
make  your  floors  look  fine. 


y- 


3-in-One  03 

It  sold  at  all  ttora*  In  15c,  2Sc 

and  SOc  bottln,  alio  In  25c 
Handy  Oil  Can*.  The  SOc  bottle 
U  extra  economical,  containina 
H  pint. 

FRFF  Sample  of  3-ln-One  | 
*■  IXJ:.!:.  Oil  and  Dictionary  ( 
of  Usca  sent  for  the  asking. 

Three-in-One  Oil  Co. 

165  AEF.  Broailway 
NaW  Yoik 


ggi' "" ' 

i 

Stall's  Books 

HELP  WIN  THE  WAR 

i 

\T0  MtMn  hu  e*v  mid*  the  urm  tffflcti  to 
1  >J  kcrp  ill  Iwyi  clean  uvd  »tron|  u  Amcriu. 
Sull'i  Booiu  tcadi  boyi  and   men.  t>Hi  and 
women  that  ri|llt  living  and  tiiiniuni  will  brine 
Victory. 

-WHAT  A  yOVHC  BOY  OtCHT  TO  KNOW 
-»HAT  a  YOUNC  man  OICHT  TO  KNOW" 
-WMAT  A  YOt'NC  HUSBH^D  OCUfT  TO  K.NO«- 
-WKAT  a  man  Of  «  OtCKT  TO  K.'JO'r' 

^s? 

-WHAT  A  YO»JNC  CIRL  OUGHT  TO  KNOW 
-WHAT  A  YOUNG  WOMAN  OIXHT  TO  KNOttr 
-WHAT  A  YOVNC  WIFE  OUGHT  TO  KNOW 
-WHAT  A  WOMA.V  Of  rS  OUGHT  TO  K.NOW 

ISroaraHlak    l>Ha ll.» Na EacK Pw Cv> 

a.  .all  II 1  iiwiw- 
THE  VIR  PlIBUSHINC  COMPANY 

Only" 

$ 


oo 

.Down 


Tea,  man  as  only  $1,  and 
we  will  Bend  yoa  jprep&id 
on  10  days*fr««  trial,  ■  Lsch- 
nlt«  iDountaa  In  aoltd  sold, 
when  It  comes  merelr  dspmit 
(3.76  with  the  poatman  anJ 
tban  wear  the  rlnv  10  full  dara. 

FnmTrixl  HyeuorBnyot 

rresinaiyour  incnds 

I  un  It  from  ■  diamond  s«ml  n  back  and  ati  y.>ur 

fooney  will  he  returned  at  once.    But  Iryou  keep  It  seod  aa 
l£,W  a  month  antJl  $18.76  baa  been  paid. 

W'i_  fr_  J__,  Send  $1  today  and  tell  us  which  of  the 
riieiOaayt»o  rinj;s  ill.is^ratpd  alwivc  fladlt-s' 
B*  nra  li  wud  the  site  ef  jmm  rwiar. 
I  t.2«7,  loN.JlUchij^finAvc.    "" 


NEW  OPPORTUNiTiES 

are  opealnf  dally  for   trained   men  and   women. 
Nevrr  has  the  demand  been  lo  freatand  the  pay  so  ^ 
lartfc.  Our  free  booklet  eitplains  how.  In  your  sj^iare  j 
time  at  home,  you  may  become  a  Certiiied  Public  l 
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ourcaiy  Bvstem.  Send  for  booklet  and 
state  which  course  Interests  j 
Oriwrsal  ■niani  hnllWa, 
n7Pi*aMilM|^R.T. 


BAY^ 


What  15'.% 


Ydu'i!: 


The  Utde  matter  of  IBo  la  atampi  or  colo  wOI  brln^  you  the  ■  Puhfinder  19 
weeki  OD  trIaL  The  Pathfinder  1 1  an  fllustimted  weekly,  published  at  the  Nation's 
center  for  the  Nation;  a  paper  that  print*  all  the  Dews  of  the  world  and  tells  the 
truth  andonly  the  truth)  now  I  a  Its  ^Mll  year.  This  paper  fills  the  bfllwithout 
emptrlnrthepur«e;(t  costs  but  Si  a  year.  II  yon  want  to  keep  posted  on  what 
li  roiag  on  In  the  world,  at  the  least  expense  of  time  or  money,  this  Is  yonr 

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WoMhtngfon^  th9  horn*  of  thg  PafMhtder,  U  Iha 
ntnt-ctnltr  of  cMlUatton:    hiatar^  U  btbtg 
modi*  at  thit  world  eapUat.    The  nihMnder'M 
Ithutml&d  waakljf  rwoimm  glvoa  yom  a  elaar.  Int- 
pvttai  and  comet  diognoaU  of  public  tUMra 
during  tluum  ttrwnmomM,   mpodt'maktng  dayt. 


BY  THE   WAY 

An  amusing  example  of  English  "  m  ulie 
was  written  "  in  France  a  hundred  vean 
ago  is  quoted  in  "  The  Diary  of  a  Gtrl  in 
France  m  1821."  "  At  some  shops,"  s»;» 
the  diary, "  there  is  written  '  Enc^lish  sroltpn 
here,'  and  on  one  '  English  spiked  here.' ' 

A  contributor  to  the  London  "  Sphet« " 
writes  tliat  he  discovered  a  relative  uf 
Dickens's  Tony  Weller  the  other  day,  after 
thinking  that  the  species  was  extmct  A 
qnestion  about  a  pending  strike  brought 
out  this  specimen  of  Cockney  thought  uJ 
dialect : 

"  Do  yon  mean  the  'btu  and  train  strike,  sir? 
I  don't  take  no  interest  in  it  at  all.  A  differait 
class  altogether.   I  may  tell  you,  sir,  there'i 
nothing  we  oabmen  ao  dislike  as  to  have  a  cii»- 
tomer  drop  a  'bus  ticket  on  the  floor  of  the  cab. 
He  gives  yon  tnppence.    Tuppence!  And  me 
past    my  fifty-third   birthday.     My   time  for 
buying  sweets  is  gone  by." 
This  cabby  used  his  opportuni^  to  good 
advantage,  and  must  have  forced  a  libienl 
tip  from  even  a  tight-buttoned  pocket. 

In  a  chapter  on  "  Suggestion  "  in  a  book 
called  "  Every-day  Efficiency  "  this  prae- 
tical  advice  is  given  to  people  who  are 
about  to  make  a  disagreeable  visit :  "  Frp- 
quently  you  have  a  choice  of  associatvil 
ideas,  but  unless  you  exercise  control  in 
tlie  matter,  the  less  desirable  idea  is  apt  to 
assert  itself.  You  have,  for  instance,  an 
engagement  with  the  dentist,  and  you  asso- 
ciate it  with  the  idea  of  ])ain.  A  little  effort 
will  enable  you  to  substitute  for  tliis  irie* 
that  of  the  comfort  and  relief  yoo  wiB 
enjoy  after  the  extraction  of  tlie  bad  tootk 
Most  undesirable  associated  ideas  admit  uf 
similar  substitution." 

"  The  scraps  of  information  that  onr 
picks  up  while  looking  for  something  else," 
writes  a  subscriber,  "are  often  of  fir 
greater  interest  than  tlie  thing  originallv 
sought  for.  For  instance,  I  was  trymg  tJie 
other  day  to  verify  a  date  in '  The  'Histori- 
ans' History,'  and  came  on  this  passagv, 
quoted  from  Theodore  Just :  <  Belgium 
was  thus  the  principal  cause,  the  detenuin- 
ing  cause,  of  the  wars  of  tlie  seventeentli 
and  eighteenth  centuries.  .  .  .  Darin);  a 
hundred  and  fifty  years  the  armies  of  most 
of  the  nations  of  Europe  came  to  fight  in 
the  plains  of  Belgium,  to  besiege  her  towns, 
to  devastate  her  country  districts ;  thou- 
sands of  men  perished  on  this  everlastingk 
disputed  soil.'  This  was  written  in  Paris  in 
1894 ;  and  the  historian  might  to-day  repeat 
most  of  these  words  with  emphasis  in- 
creased a  hundredfold." 

He  was  the  "smallest  man  ou  eartL" 
She  was  tlie  snake-charmer.  They  wurkt^l 
together  in  the  side  show  of  the  big  cirrus. 
They  married — unhappily.  The  snakr- 
charmer  explained  :  "  No,  I  never  foiuid 
it  hard  to  manage  snakes.  Not  nearlv  *« 
hard  as  getting  along  with  hiiu.  My  job  uf 
snake-charmer  was  mostly  '  bunk,'  oecause 
a  woman  who '  charms  '  snakes  doesn't  hsvt; 
any  special  power  over  tliem.  Just  fe«<l 
them  enough,  handle  them  gently,  and  tliej 
won't  bother  you.  I  suppose  the  same  tiling 
can  be  said  of  man-cliarmiiig  too,  but  it 
didn't  seem  to  work  in  my  case."  Tbe 
snake-charmer  is  five  feet  six  inches  tall 
and  now  works  as  a  cloak  model.  Tlx* 
husband  was  two  feet  seven  incites  tall  and 
of  difficult  disposition.  "  Incompatibilit)  " 
developetl. 

As  showing  that  the  luovie  people 
really  say  things  while  they  are  before  iLe 
camera,  a  pliotoplay  magimne  says  tliat 
"  feet  and  feet  of  film"  were  ruinea  bv  tlw 


18 


THE   OUTLOOK 


43& 


Bti  the  Wav  (Cottinued) 
tr"*  laughter  in  a  serious  scene  with  her 
lek  maid.  The  maid  was  supposed  to  say 
ncerning  the  star's  wayward  husband, "  I 
n't  sca'cely  know  Marse  John,  he  ain't 
ffin  to  me  f"  Instead  she  forgot  her  lines 
d  said,  "  No,  miss,  dey — dey  ain't  nothin' 
tween  Marse  John  and  Ine  !" 

Concerning  the  possibili^  of  harboring 
the  animiOs  of  Noah's'  time  in  the  Ark, 
lich  is  questioned  by  modem  scholars  as 
otcd  in  tliis  column  October  16,  a  sub- 
rilier  writes :  "  The  article  you  quote  can- 
t  be  right,  for  two  reasons :  First,  the 
ble  tells  us  this  was  what  God  ordered 
WW  into  the  Ark.  Second',  if  only  two  of 
rh  sort  of  clean  beasts  and  birds  were 
Uti,  and  Noah  sacrificed  one  each  of 
ese  at  the  foot  of  tlie  mountain  after  the 
od,  there  would  hare  been  left  only  one 
each  species ;  henee  the  seventh,  for 
irifice.  We  don't  know  how  the  Ark  was 
moged ;  but  it  must  have  held  all  that 
i  Creator  wished  in  it." 

The  above  ar^menia  are  respectfully 
(erred  to  the  edi  tors-  of  Hastings's  "  Ency- 
ipndia  of  Religion  and  Ethics,"  the  work 
oted  from.  They  have  not  imitated  the 
adorn  of  the  editors  of  another  encyclo- 
idia,  who  are  said  to  have  dodged  the  con- 
JVersy  about  the  Flood  by  saying  under 
sluge  {tee Flood),VLaAer  Viooi {see  Inu7i- 
turn),  and  under  Inundation  referring  the 
tient  reader  back  again  to  Deluge.  Hast- 
(t's  Encyclopedia  tokas  the  bull  by  die 
ms  in  an  elaborate  discussion  under  Del- 
« ;  but  as  the  work  is  still  uncompleted, 
r  subscriber's  letter  might  have  considera- 
\Xk  under  Noah  or  even  Rain  or  Water, 

A  humorist  writ^B/faD  the  New  York 
ion  "  proposuig  an  extension  of  the  day- 
;kt  saving  plan :  "  We  are  all  more  or  less 
miliar  with  this  scheme — ^how  we  get  up 
hour  earlier- in- the  morning, -go  to  work 
Oner,  and  eat  lunch  in  the  middle  of  the 
renoon,  all  for  th6  sake  of  retiring  an 
va  earUer  in  the  evening.  This  should  be 
Uowed  to  its  logical  sequence.  I  therefore 
opose  that  the  entire  calendar  be  set 
«ad  six  months  on  the  first  of  November. 
r  doing  this  we  escape  the  long,  cold 
nter,  save  coal  —whether  we  have  it  or 
I — enjoy  theoretically  the  balmy  spring 

B of  May  almost  immediately,  and  in  a 
gain  everything  while  losing  nothing 
ime,  which  so  many  are  trying  to  kill 
fway." 

A  lesson  to  teasers  that  the  *'  sullen  " 
jpil  may,  after  all,  be  anything  but  indif- 
reut  or  unwilling  is  containea  in  an  inci- 
nt  related  in  the  "  National  Ge^m^hic 
igazine  "  by  a  teacher  in  Camp  Kearny, 
le  reoruit^  was  a  "typical  Mexican," 
d  was  trying  to  learn  English.  "  With 
eh  lesaon  he  t^w-  more  silent,  less  re- 
onsive,  more  m  at  ease.  And  then  one 
y,  when  a  question  too  many  had  been 
rled  at  him,  suddenly  and  without  warn- 
r ...  his  h«id  went  down  into  his  arms, 
id  in  the  silence  which  followed,  as  pupils 
d  teacher  looked  away  from  his  shakmg 
»ulder8,  there  rose  a  dreadful  accusa- 
n."  TbU  accusation,  interpreted,  is  that 
;  teacher  is  at  fault  who  does  not  use 
Inite  patience  in  trying  to  bring  the  alien 
'«  sympathy  with  his  new  environment. 

The  New  Orleans  "  Pioayune,"  which  is 
ubtlem  an  authority  on  dialect,  prints 
is  diidocne :  "  TiMa  :  '  Pass  tlie  'lasses.' 
zue  (who  has  attended  school) :  '  Don't 
|r  'Lwses,  say  molasses.'  Tilda :  '  How 
me  I  sav  mo'  'lasses,  when  I  ain't  had 
oe  yet?" 


aillililllilllilliiililMBiffillH 


1 


A  pledge  to  save  is  a  pledge  to  fight- 
Buy    Thrift    and    War    Saving    Stamps 


McCutcheon's 

Blankets  and 
Comfortables 


Keg.  Trade-Mark 


With  the  long  winter  ahead  and  a  shortage  of  fuel 
that  is  going  to  make  it  difficult  to  keep  homes  as 
warm  as  usual,  it  behooves  the  wise  housekeeper 
to  invest  in  plenty  of  good  warm  Blankets  and 
Comfortables. 

Blankets 

We  have  a  full  stock  of  Blankets 
from  the  best  domestic  manu- 
facturers, in  all  sizes  and  all 
qualities. 

Single  Bed  Size,  $5.00,  6.00, 
8.00  per  pair,  and  up  to  35.00. 

Three  -  quarter    Bed    Size, 

$6.00,  7.00, 9.00  per  pair,^dup. 

Double  Bed  Siie,  $10.50,  11.50,  12.50  per  pair,  and  up  to  $42.50. 

We  have  also  an  excellent  selection  of  extra-long  Blankets  and 
Crib  Blankets. 


Comfortables 


g  A  wide  variety  in  a  larisre  range  of  coicrs  and  qualities. 

■  Cotton-Mled  Comfortablea,  covered  with  Silkoline.  $4.25  and 
I  7.50. 

■  Figured  Silk  MuU  Centre,  plain  Silk  Mull  border.    $7.50. 

■  Wool-filled    Comfortablea,   covered   with  figured   Nainsook, 
I  Sateen  borders.     $9.00. 

■ 

■  In  addition  we  have  a  complete  line  of  plain  colors,  Silk  and 

I  Satui-covered,  Wool-filled ;  also  a  full  assortment  of  fine  Brocade 

I  Silks  and  Satins. 


If  you  anticipate  adding  to  your  supply  of  either  Blankets  or 
Comfortables  this  winter  we  respectfully  suggest  that  you  make 
your  purchases  now  while  stocks  are  complete  and  before  prices 
advance  again. 


Christmas  Shopping 

To  tmmd  disappointment,  do  your  Christmas  Shop- 
ping NOW.  Our  Christmas  Stocks '  are  Complete 
in  all  departments. 


Fifth  Avenue,  34th  &  33d  Streets,  N.  Y. 


ilHIlliUiillllllMllilllllilillil 


m 


IF  you  are  in  the  habit  of  buying  The  Outlook  at  a  news-stand,  it  Will  be  to 
your  advantage  to  place  a  Htauding  onler  with  your  newsdealer.  The  War 
Industries  Board  has  requested  publishers  to  disoontiuue  the  acceptance  of  un- 
sold copies  from  newsdealers,  and  in  cuufonnity  with  tliat  request  Tlie  Outlook  is 
now  non-retiuuable.  To  prevent  loss,  therefore,  newsdealers  must  luuit  their  onlei-s 
to  ai^tual  sales.  Buyers  at  news.Atands  may  coo]>erate  and  avoid  disappointment 
by  giving  their  dealer  a  standing  owler  for  the  weekly  delivery  of  The  Outlook. 

THE  OITTLOOK  COMPANY 


m 


436 


THE   OUTLOOK 


THE  OUTLOOK  CLASSIFIED  ADVERTISING  SECTION 

AdvertiaUis  Rate* :  Hot^  and  RaaoHa,  Aputmenta,  Tomn  ud  TaeniL,  Raal  Eateto,  lira  Stock  and  Ponltry,  fifty  oeata  per  agate  lin, 
four  ootnum*  to  the  page.  Not  Ibai  than  foar  linea  aeoeptad.  In  ealoalating  (|iaoe  reqnired  for  an  advextiaamant,  oooat  an  atnage  ot  mx  vonfa  to  tie 
line  onleas  display  type  ia  deeired. 

"  Want "  adrertiaeraenta,  under  the  Tarioaa  headinga,  "  Board  and  Rooms,"  "  Help  Wanted,"  etc.,  ten  oenU  for  eaoh  word  or  initial,  incladllii 
the  addro— ,  for  each  insertion.  The  first  word  of  eaoh  "  Want"  adrertiaement  is  set  in  capital  letters  without  additional  oharge.  Other mrfi 
luay  be  set  in  capitals,  if  desired,  at  doable  rates.  If  answers  are  to  be  addretaed  ilk  care  of  The  Outlook,  tsrentf -five  cents  is  cliaiged  for  tk«  hi 
nnmber  named  in  the  advertisement.  Replies  will  be  forwarded  by  ns  to  the  adTertiser  and  bill  for  postage  rendered.  Special  headings  approprisu  tt 
the  department  may  be  arranged  for  on  application. 

Orders  and  copy  for  Classified  Advertisements  must  be  leoeired  with  remittance  ten  days  before  the  date  of  iasne  when  It  is  intended  the  adrwti^ 
meat  shall  first  appear. 

Address:  ADVERTISING  DEPARTMENT,  THE  OUTLOOK,  881  FOURTH  AVENUE,  NEW  YORK  CTTT 


Hotels  and  Resorts 


OALlKORNIA 


San  Ysidro  Ranch 


Bnogslom  of  Tsrioui  aUes  sltasted  on  the 
-    -•  '"  *'  kUK 

hot  ^d  oSirwsterr%z  mU«s  from  JHUU 


f ootililOJi  smODK  oiangs  grores,  orerlooku 
.  Centrsl  dta>iiiK-rooi%ewctnc  I 


I^uImus,  two  oillM  from  ooesn.  Booklet.  Ad- 
Sim  Sn.  RARLEiaH  JOHNSTON,  ~ 
Tiidro  Ranch,  SsiiU  Bartaers,  CsUtomis. 


OONNEOTIOUT 


Wmm^JU  l__      NEW  HILFOBD 

wajnde  inn  LftohUeid  co.,  con 

The  tooUiUl*  ot  the  BsrkshirM.  A  rertj 


niBosf 
iMtebl 


tor'tlred  people.  Good  food  and  s  coid- 
ile  home.  2  lioufs  from  New  Tork.  $14 


awMksodup.  Booklet  A. 
Mri. 


J.  E.  CASTLE,  Proprietor. 


FLORIDA 


HOTEL  LONGWOOD'^lrlSlsr'' 

A  bomeUks  resort  for  homeHke  folia  where 
winters  are  like  Northern  autumiu.  High, 
dry  tend.  Not  a  esse  of  Inflnenia  here  u  yet. 
lakes,  good  roada.  FuanxK  H.  Maaarrr, 
Hotel  t^ngwood,  Loogwood,  Fte. 


St  Aofutiae — ^The  Valencia 

end  Oottagask  In  the  lesldenee  end  d  Bt 


Write  for  informatioD  and  reference. 


BREHON  INN 

Ormond  Beach,  Fla. 


Opens  December  jfith. 

Golf.  Good  Roads. 

Bathing.      Orange  Groves. 

Fuel   and  Food  in  Plenty. 

James  P.  Viming,  Mgr. 


MASSACHUSETTS 


PILGRIM  INN 

Wllllainstown,  Hassachnsetts 
In  the  Berkshlres 

Wanted— A  limited  number  of  Koests  who  are 
aeekiiig  s  homelike  pteoe,  quiet  and  reatful. 


Hotels  and  Resorts 


lASSACHUSETTS 

If  Tm  An  TmU  ar  Nat  FeeBac  WcO 

you  esnnot  flod  a  mora  comfortable  pteca  In 
Mew  Knglaud  than 

THE  WELDON  HOTEL 

aBBBMFIBI.D.  MASS. 

It  aSoida  an  the  oomforti  of  home  without 

extxanigaiwe. 


NEW    YORK    e ITV 


Hotel  Le  .Marquis 

31rt  SiMet  A  nfth  ATmtue 
New  York 

CombfaMS  erary  cooTaileaas  and  home 
oomtort,  sad  ooamaads  itatif  to  people  ol 
reAaement  wishing  to  Ura  on  Amenoan  Pkui 
and  be  within  tasy  reach  of  acoial  and  dia- 


Room  and  bath  fUM  per  day  with  meal*,  or 
tiM  per  day  without  meaU. 

IllnetratMl  Booklet  cladtT  eest  upon 
request.  JOHN  P.  TOLSON: 


HOTEL  JUDSON  t>YiS^^- 

s4)oiniag  Judsoa  Mamo^l  Churdh.  Boodm 


with  and  without  bath.  Rates  tlM  per  day, 
including  meale.  Special  rates  for  two  weeks 
or  more.  Location  very  ceutraL  Conveuieut 
to  all  elevated  aud  elleet  car  lines. 


SOUTH    CAROLINA 


Gr. 


nacre 

AIKBN,  S. 


Farm 

o. 


Can  accommodate  guests  who  aiSh  to  rest 
sad  live  outdoon  In  the  ideal  winter  climate 
of  the  high  pine  and  eand  country.  Excellent 
food  and  care.  Furuiahed  Bungalowa. 


Health  Resorts 


LINDEN  I ''^  Ideal  riaea  ier  Sick 
Derlaalswa,  Pa.  I^n  bu^Uon  devoted  to 
the  peraonal  study  and  apecialised  tieat- 
-   • lid.  Msasage,  Electricity, 


DientoltheinvalK 


Hydrothcnapy.     Apply,  for  circular  to 

Rosaar  tAnacoTT  WuTsa,  M.D. 

(tete  of  The  Walter  BanitanumI 


Dr.  Reeves'  Sanitarium 

A  Private  Rome  for  chronic,  nervooa,  and 
'  J  patienta.  A  laoekierly  people  requiring 
Harriet  B.  Reavaa,  1(.D..  Ualroae,  Msm: 


Real  Estate 


IDAHO 


FOR  RENT  ^lAZ>ti^Si^SS^ 

monntsina  of  rorastBeearve,  a  f uUy  tninisbed 
nine-room  cottMe,  furnace  beat,  electricity, 
telephone;  good  steam  and  eleoMe  railway 
oonnectfcws;  woodertul  drivee  end  walka; 
near  Spokane  end  good  markets ;  JpoaUty  par- 
tionlarhr  dealrsble  for  tnvalida.  will  rent  for 
a  months  or  kxiger ;  immediatB  passaaakm. 
Addrese  Owner,  P.  O.  Box  608,  Spokane,  Wssh. 


NEW   HASIPSHIRB 


FOR  SALE 

A  SUCCESSFUL  CAMP 
FOR  BOYS 

Beantifolly  locat«d  on  well-kitown 

New  Hampshire  lake.  Complete  eqoip- 
ment.  Prioe  moderate.  2,744,  Outlook. 


CHRISTMAS  airrs 


OOFLET  OBAFT  CHRISTMAS  CARDS. 
Haad-oolored,  with  specialty  appropriate 
venee.  Sent  oo  approval.  Coosignmsnis  for 
sales.  Dlaooonts  to  thoee  selling  smoogfriends. 
Jeesie  A.  KcNIool,  U  Huntington  Ave.,  Bos- 


HELP  WANTED 


Buslnass  Situations 
WANTED— Medical  aodal  worker  for  Im- 
portant Held  hi  anthracite  coal  dietrict.  Aiwly 
in  own  handwriting,  giving  fnllnartkniaia, 
to  Social  Service  Department,  WUkee-Bane 
City  Uoapital,  Wtlkes-Barre,  Hl 

Companions  aaJ  OomaMlo  Helpers 

SUPERINTENDENTS,  secretaries,  gov- 
anieeiM,niatrona,dietitiana,  mothers'  halpeis, 
oomnuilons,  etc.  The  Wilton  Exchange,  Box 
2TD,  BtTjoaeph,  Michigan. 

WANTED— An  American  young  lady  as 
companion-helper  In  email  private  famuy. 
Addreea,  atating  age  and  particulars,  MM, 
Outlook. 

HALE  oompsnion  for  gentlemen  recover- 
ing from  nervona  and  mental  breakdown. 
Must  be  leflned,  athletic,  fond  of  walking, 
steady,  willing  to  travel.  Position  In  many 
ways  exceptional.    Hours  for  study.   1,281, 

WANTED— Experienced  nurse  tor  diOd  W 
monUu.  Highest  references  fordUpoeition  and 
abiUty required.  tl2aweek.  CIRiOutkMk. 

WANTED,  about  December  1, 
woman,  about  90  years  of  sge,  b>  u 
invalid  and  to  be  generally  I 

home.  Undergraduate  nurse  p _  . 

aonal  Interview  in  New  Tork  sbaolntely  im- 
perstive.  6,S7S,  Outlook. 


HELP  WANTED 


Companions  sa<  Domastle  Hslpai 
WANTED— Competent,  expeiieaie^  W 
uum  to  take  charge  of  cafeteria  tU  i ' 


^Son  ; 


In  .Sooth.  Attractive  podtkn  ym  mL 
and  good  pay  to  right  peiscn.  AMim  iW 
references,  experience,  etc.,  Vbgiaa  Bail 
6,178,  Outkiok. 

Taaehars  and  Oeearnswii    ' 

OOVKRIIIHSES,  matrons,  n»lkai^l*i 
era,  cafeteria  managara,  dieliltaa  u 
Rlchanls,  MTHowanT^Udln,  rimSaa 
BoatML  U  Jackaca  Ball,  Tnatt;  tea 
Itnisaiys,  11  to  1. 

WAHTBO-Ooapstaot  tsseken  to 
and  private  eshook  and  coliagei.fl«oJl 
latin.  Albsnv  Teachers'  Asskt.  ASsai,{ 

TEAOantS '  desiring   scbcol  at 
Bpsitions  uply  Intematioaal  Maa  , 
Edncadoai? Agency,  CanMgis Hall,!!. 

WANTED  —  Nunerr  goveneae  to j* 
teotly  well  giri  baby,  three  yearseH  H 
j>»expei<eneed,sndpTe<erablyca»i>iia> 
French.  rawnU  Hve  In  large  hgul  In; 
fadUtr  foa  espfort  and  coiiiiiiiiiai 
niahed.  BaiurnlneeB  and  eflkiem) 
expected  aid-  kindly  ocoaideiBligs 
Permanent  position  with  good  par  ' 
Southern  ITamlly,  «,M,  Outlook. 

EXPERIENCED  BogSah  govna 

'     '    1  care.   LtttleAOdren  Itev  lA* 
prytSTTed.  i,ta,  OuMoek- 


'^ 

& 


SITITAtlONS   WAWTP 

Buslnass  Situations 
SUPERINTENDENT. -C^aMe  eM 
aged  man  with  ten  vearm'  auuearfil  .ngl 
enoe  as  superinteDdcnt  of  groiriBC  k^ 
Uon  daslree  shnilar  pcettkai.  la  a*M 
eatery.  Including  living  for  oaa  aad  •■ 
6,tM,  Outlook. 

CompanHJn#aad  Domastle  HsIsM 
WANTED,  by  wnaan  of  di(B*r.  ^ 
moot, and  experience,  poiitkmaakuai  ■• 
in  bouse  ot  widower  or  an  imafri  >>ewl 
or  mora  aervsnts  are  kept  Caiableoftm 
fnlldiuge.  Well  adapted  to  bone  aatsi 
of  pfayaician.  References  exctaaaged.  m 
Outlook. 

REFINED  Scotch  widow 
as  housekeepetin  widower's  Ui 
referencea  fSito  chsrsctar  sna 
Outkwk.    ™     ' 


MISCELLAWEOUS_ 

PATRIOTISM  by  Lymsn  AlibocliSlJ 
vsrsss of  America-TbePtedfa  to  tW  r 
*  verses  of  Tlw  Star4pangM  Be 


littteleaflst  Furtbsrthacsaaeaf 
by  dtetribntijw  in  voor  letten.  Is  w 
opes,  tai  scbMl^ofanrohea,  ^Aa,  ai< 

MRS.  A.  S.  Shelby  cpeoai.her 
school  for  young  tedies  OctoUr  » 
clsases  every  week  beiiw  forswd.  Tki 
end  surroundl>«s  idest  Bia  bsKa'' 
tsbte  sasuraf^U  course taidxmn, 
mitotrom  Leiii«tontntiolls]r.nr^Bi' 
partimitels  addreea  Mrs.  A.  8.  "-^  " 
asillaa  Road,  Lexington,  Ky- 


YOUR  WANTS  IN  EVERY  LINE 

of  household,  educational,  business,  or  personal  service — domestic  workers,  teachers, 
nurses,  business  or  professional  assistants,  etc.,  etc. — whether  you  require  help  or  are 
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f< 


\V  7HILE  the  supply  lasts  we  will  furnish  to  patriotic 
^^     knitters  the  finest  grades  of  worsted  knitting 
yams  at  lowest  possible  prices  through  the  mail. 

Send  at  once  for  samples  of  our  khaki,  natural, 
gray  and  navy  worsted  yam. 

Do  not  allow  peace  or  peace  talk  to  blind  your 
eyes  to  the  fact  that  all  men  now  in  the  service  are 
facing  a  cold  winter.  Perhaps  in  a  year  or  less  they 
will  be  on  their  way  home.  They  must  be  kept 
warm  till  we  get  them  back.  Do  your  part — knit 
for  them— let  us  help  you. 

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THE   OUTLOOK 


20  NoTembrr 


Dr.  J.  H.  TUdeu  of  Denver,  Colorado,  U 
one  of  tlie  most  widely  known  medical 
reformers  in  the  United  States.  He  is  the 
editor  of  "  Pliiloaopliy  of  Health."  Hi»  im- 
portant works  are  **  Diseases  of  Women 
and  Easy  Childbirth  ;"  *'  Food,"  2  vol. ; 
"  Gonorrhea  and  Syphilis  ;"  "  Apimidid- 
tia;"  "Cholera  Infantum;"-  "Typhoid 
Fever  ;'*  "  Impaii-ed  Health,  Its  Cause  and 
Cure,"  2  vol.,  etc. 

Do  Germs  Cause  Disease  ? 

Yes,  the  Spanish  Influenza  germ  is  one  of 
many  causes  of  the  disease.  Wrong  eating 
and  wrong  care  of  the  body  are  nece.ssary 
before  the  "  Flu  "  germ  or  any  germ  can  cause 
disease.  Resistance  is  broken  in  all  those 
who  develop  influenza  or  any  other  epidemic 
disease.  Eat  right  and  avoid  all  diseases — 
read 

The    Pocket 
DIETITIAN 

by  Dr.  J.  H.  Tilden,  who  depends  entirely 
upon  diet  and  correcting  of  habits  to  relieve 
and  cure  his  patients  of  their  varying  ailments. 

I'THE   POCKET   DIETITIAN  "  protests  at 

its  very  beginning  that  in  no  sense  are  its  teach- 

•ings  on  diet  or  eating  correctly  to  be  construed 

medicinally,  remediaily  or  in  the  sense  of  a  cure. 

Evenrpoi.son  is  a  toxin  or  an  intoxicant.  Toxins 
are  developed  by  fermentation  and  decomposi- 
tion of  all  kinds  of  food-stuffs  taken  in  excess  of 
nutritive  requirements.  Alcohol,  tobacco,  tea  and 
coffee,  also  drug.s  for  relieving  pain,  are  toxic; 
which  means  that  they  are  stimulating — intoxi- 
cating— and,  when  habitually  used,  bring  on 
enerv'ation  and  pave  the  way  for  affections  of 
all  kinds,  especially  those  to  which  there  is  a 
predisposition  through  inheritance. 

"THE  POCKET  DIETITIAN"  will  teach 
you  how  to  live — give  you  an  idea  of  the  real 
cause  of  disease  and  how  to  side-step  it.  It  is 
crowded  with  hints  as  to  proper  foocf  combina- 
tions, menus  for  people  in  all  walks  of  life. 

"THE  POCKET  DIETITIAN"  is  destined 
to  be  one  of  the  most  popular  books  on  diet 
published.    Price   only   51. OO  (100-page   volume, 

f)ocket  size,  flexible  leather  cover) ;  it  is  worth  a 
lusiness  tosome,  and  life  to  others.  Send  check, 
money  order  or  currency  for  it  without  delay. 
.\ddress.  Department "  PD-2." 

Philosophy  of  Heahh 

DENVER,  COLORADO 


The  Outlook 

Copyright,  1918,  by  'Ilie  Outlook  Company 

TABLE  OF  CONTENTS 

Vol.  120      November  20,  1918       No.  1 1 

TRB  OtmOOS  n  PUBLimD  WnKLT  BT  TBB  OUTLOOK  OOMPJUCT, 
381      lOUBTH      ATSinjK,     nw     TOKK.         LAWEKIIGK     r.     ABIOTT, 

raaaiDurr.     k.  t.  ruLsiFSR,  ^KA-s^mrjttyr.     nuutx  c.  hott, 

THBASDaiB.         EBMBT    B.    AnOTT,    OOBSTAST.         TBATBU    D. 

ouHAB,  AOTSKTuna  lujiAan.  TBAUT .  •Dnoumoa— 
nrrr-Two  uarai  — reus  ooluu  nr  AOTAKn.  nrsuui 
Ai     uoonD-oLAn     HATTnt.     JUL*   a,    1W3,    AT   ma    ton 

OWVKM     AT    mw    TOU.    DHOai  '  TUB    ACT    OT    MAacn    3.    M» 


Victorious  Peaoe 441 

The  Armistice 441 

Germany's  Menace  from  Within 441 

New  Men  in  the  Senate 443 

The  Liquor  Issue 443 

Women  and  the  Elections 444 

An  Individual  Triumph 444 

A  Great  Fortune  Devoted  to  Public  Wei- 

tare 444 

The  Tax  Bill 444 

Cartoons  ol  the  Week 44S 

Women  Members  in  the  British  Parliament  446 

Some  Duties  of  Peace 446 

Peaoe  end  the  Collapse  of  Autocracy...  447 
Br  Lyman  Abbott 

The  Nation   at  School 448 

Hickories  at  Dawn 449 

Is  America  an  Ally  P 449 

Andrew  Dickson  White 449 

By  Jamea  Morris  Whtton 

Preach  Modesty 450 

The    Patriotism   of   the   Negro   Citizen: 
I— Fifty  Thousand  and  Fifty  Million  :  A 

Liberty  Loan  Sketch 4S1 

Br  Robert  R.  Molon 
II— How  the  Southern  Negro  is  Support- 
ing the  Government 452 

By  Kate  M.  Herring 

The  Fiddler  of  Berlin  (Poem) 454 

Br  Hermann  Haledom 

Why  the  Germans  Have  Deemed  Them- 
selves Superior 455 

By  Joaeph  Jaatrow 

Hail  and  Farewell  (Poem) 458 

By  Harold  Trowbridge  Polaifer 

Weary  Watches 458 

By  Gregory  Maaon,  Staff  Corraspondeot  of 
The  Outlook 

Current  Events  Illustrated 461 

"Mine  Luck-Piece" 465 

By  Eliie  Singmauer 

The  New  Books    469 

Weekly  Outline  Study  of  Current  History  470 
By  J.  Madison  Galhany.  A.M. 

A  Paper  from  His   Home  Town 472 

Concerning   Peaoe  (Poem) 472 

Br  Tbeodoaia  Garrison,  of  the  Vigilantes 

A  Soldier's  Vacation  in  France 472 

A  'Womanless  Town 475 

Br  Batelline  Bennett 

"Who  Are  the  ThievesP" 475 

By  the  Way 476 

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SCHOOI.S    AND    COLLEOE5 
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St  leaat  one  year  of  Hieh  School  or  iu  eqniralent.  aeaenl 

trsininK  given  iu  afflllated  hoMtala.  A  mootfalr  allowiaix 

Is  made  to  corer  cost  of  wearing  iqiparel  and  other  c 

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BARBARA  T.  KINB,  M.D.,  PrindDaL '. . 

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tmimng  JOT/Iiiiliois^  I 

~  HoWtoWrRe^WluilioWrite. ' 

and  Where  io  sell. 

OiHiUii!«  yourimtuL  Bp^W^v 
/mir  liferdny  gift*.  Noalirr  tt« 
driof  •rlf^-«XpT««isioflK.MalM 
your  •pm  hm*  pcfHoUc. 
lum  your  ui«a«  mm  daOAr*. 

Courses  in  Short-Story  Wni- 

ing.  VeniAcation.  JourrubHii. 

PIsy  Writine.    PhotopU; 

•^     r<  ,    •         Writific.  etc,  tau^bt   peraorv* 

Dr.bsenWem     ally  by  Dr.  J.  Barv  Esenwcin. 

for  many  years  editor  of  Uppincott's  Magazine,  and 

a  staff  of  literary  experts.     ConstrtKtive  criticisni 

Frank,   hotiest   helpful  advice.      Rvaf  teaching- 

Om  pupil  ku  fcairad  wvmt  tSjOOO  Hr  Moria*  bm^ 

•fftklM  wrinm  BMMlljr  m  ipM*  Inm— "pbr  wwk,' 

oJk  iL    Anothw  pivtl  recaivW  vmr  $ljlMO 


fad   moAmr,  n  trmngmf   mrmr   S75   •    wmtk    fraei 
pbstoplajr  writing  klana. 

There  is  no  other  institution  or  agency  doing  so  nuaci) 
for  writers,  young  or  old.  The^unireraities  reooeniTe 
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WrtHr'a  MmmtUf,  Mr«i^>y  vifcwbl*  lor  in  ftaB 


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^.«BS. 


■JT 


% 


t 


1^' 


Two  Mines 

Tvith  but  a 
single  thought 

The  coal  mine  and  the  asbestos 
mine  have  a  big  job  in  common 
—  maximum  production  of 
power. 

With  the  burning  of  coal  in  these  times 
goes  the  obligation  to  use  its  heat  effi- 
ciently. So  every  ton  of  fuel  mined  sum- 
mons more  asbestos  from  another  mine, 
automatically,  to  guard  jealously  the 
heat  from  that  fueL 

The  two  mines  are  racing  together  to- 
ward a  common  goal. 

As  the  largest  factor  in  the  mining  and 
fabrication  of  asbestos,  Johns-Manville 
bears  a  burden  of  heavy  responsibility. 
Asbestos  is  the  fibrous  mineral  base  of 
the  most  efficient  heat  insulations.  It  is 
the  necessary  other  15*  in  85*  Magnesia. 

It  1b.  as  well,  the  basic  material  for  many  eco- 
nomical packings  which  reduce  friction,  rre- 
vent  leakage,  resist  wear,  and  save  power. 
In  almost  every  plant  improvement  or  ex- 
tension, asbestos  in  one  form  or  another  is 
practically  indispensable. 

This  development  of  asbestos  from  the  status 
of  a  little  known  curiosity  to  its  present 
rating  as  an  industrial  nece8slty,isduein  no 
small  part  to  Johns-Manville.  So  we  can  be 
doubly  proud  that  when  the  nation  needed 
Asbestos,  our  mines  end  factories,  our  labo- 
ratories and  mills,  our  engineers  and  chem- 
ists, all  were  ready  to  play  their  part  in  the 
nation's  service. 

H.  W.  JOHNS-MANVILLE  CO. 

New  York  City 
JO  Factorits — Branchtt  in  63  Largt  CHa 


To  »atx  Mieam  and  povtfr  an  J  htnce  to  saoe 

coal,  specify  these  Johns-Manciile  Afakriab: 
Asbcsto-Spofl^  Felled  Heat  Insalslton;  85 -r  MacnKia  Sedioaal 
losuUtioB;  Asbtsiocel  and  Air -Cell  Scctionil  IsMlilioas. 
Sea  RiD«  Rod  and  Sliaft  Pacliiiit;  Uniierial  PislM  Paduis: 
Moi^l  Slen  Packiac;  Senice  Sheet  Picking;  Seiielita  Slied 
Fackia!;  Kearsarge  Gaskeb:  Vdcabeiloa  Pimp  VaKei. 


"•  rii:  |i"',    ; 


•  p 


^  I 


■"•^^i 


-    Asbestos  Mines 


Coal  Mines 


—  and  so: 


JOHNS-MANVILLE 

SERVES  IN  CONSERVATION 
through  i\jlh)@^6©g  rfl^^Olli  ^^iJiL?JM  P^^^f^ 

INSULATION  ,*,/ 1^.  /*,  ir..,  ,t*rrr .,  k^hmf. 

CEME^^^S  ^**r  -.*!,  *«/«-  ^^:,  Irtt-^n^f 
PACKINGS  ikdt  itn-f  pt^rr  -rartt 

LININGS  ,1.^  ..I.  t^,  ^ 


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THE  INTVESTMENT  VAUIB 
OF  GORHAM  SILVERWARE 

C%e  investment  value  of  Gorham 
Sterling  Silverware  consists  in  the 
fact  that  you  are  puttin^money  in- 
to somethin^for  the  future  as  well 
as  tor  the  present  and  ensuring  div 
idends  of  service  during  at  least 
one  more  lifetime  than  your  own 

GORHAM 
STERLING  SILVERWARE 


f 
^ 
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^ 
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i 


(c)  i9ia 


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The  Outlook 

NOVEMBER  20,  1918 
Offices,  381  Fourth  Avenue,  New  York 


^VICTORIOUS   PEACE 

In  everythin<;  but  the  name  the  submission  of  defeated 
iGermany  to  the  Allies  is  an  unconditional  surrender.  It  is  true 
I  that  in  theory,  but  not  in  actuality,  Germany  could  break  off 
Jthe  armistice.  But  the  collapse,'  boUi  military  and  political,  of 
^Germany,  following  and  emphasized  by  that  of  all  her  vassals — 
Bulgaria,  Turkey,  Austria — makes  such  an  act  on  her  part 
Wpoesible.  Once  the  terms  of  the  armistice  are  carried  out 
even  in  part,  and  much  more  when  they  are  carried  out  entirely, 
ithe  Allies  will  hold  such  a  supremacy  on  land  and  sea  that  they 
can  impose  any  terms  whatever  without  the  slightest  fear  of  a 
Renewal  of  armed  resistance  to  their  wilL  If  this  is  not  uncon- 
ditional surrender  in  name,  it  amotmts  to  that  in  fact.  It  need 
not  be  added  that  the  Allies  will  be  guided  in  the  terms  they 
30  dictate  by  justice  and  honor.  The  safety  of  the  world  from 
Eunbitioos  designs  of  conquest  and  aggression ;  the  protection 
of  the  small  nations  in  their  liberties ;  the  adjustment  of  inter- 
oational  boundaries  on  a  basis  which  will  promise  peace  and 
security  for  the  future ;  the  end  forever  of  Frussian  tyranny — 
these  are  some  of  the  essentials  which  must  be  riveted  beyond 
possible  disruption  in  the  fabrication  of  a  world  peace.  These 
things  we,  the  Allies,  now  have  the  power  and  the  will  to 
in  force. 

Certainly  there  is  no  lack  of  stringency  and  definiteness  in 
the  terms  of  the  armistice  signed  by  Germany  and  the  Allies 
HI  the  morning  of  Monday,  November  11,  the  day  which  it  has 
lieen  proposed  to  call  in  this  coimtry  forever  Viotonr  Day.  This 
nemorable  document,  which  may  be  the  basis  of  a  World  Magna 
Jharta,  was  read  in  person  by  President  Wilson  before  Con- 
rresa  on  Victory  Day.  The  occasion  was  the  most  dramatic  and  ' 
m  press! ve  appearance  of  the  President  before  Congress  since 
hat  which  heralded  the  entrance  of  America  into  the  war 
hrough  the  President's  Message  delivered  before  Congress  on 
Vpril  2,  1917.  The  Supreme  Court  Justices,  the  diplomatic 
epresentatives  of  our  allies,  and  the  Senators  were  present  in 
be  House  of  Representatives,  and  around  the  President  were 
Toaped  the  members  of  his  Cabinet  and  General  March,  Chief 
f  Staff.  Neither  in  Congress  nor  out  of  Congress  has  there 
een  any  serious  criticism  of  the  armistice  under  which  our  vio- 
Dry  is  made  certain,  and  the  way  is  open  for  an  enduring  peace 
landed  on  the  principles  in  which  the  Allies  are  united.   * 


HE    ARMISTICE 

What  does  the  armistice  provide  ?  If  we  omit  minor  f ea- 
ires  and  clauses  intended  to  provide  for  practical  means  of 
urrying  out  the  main  provisions,  we  find  that  within  fourteen 
ays  Germany  is  to  evacuate  all  invaded  territory — "  Belgium, 
'ranoe,  Alsace-Lorraine,  Luxemburg  " — note  that  Alsaoe-Lor- 
kine  is  included  as  an  inoaded  cotmtry,  a  clear  intimation  that 
«muuiy  has  held  it  wrongfully  since  1871 ;  all  inhabitants  of 
lese  countries  are  to  be  repatriated  at  once. 
The  evacuation  goes  much  further ;  the  German  armies  are 
withdraw  from  a  considerable  stretch  of  German  territory 
I  the  left  or  west  bank  of  the  Rhine.  This  territory  includes 
e  important  cities  of  Cologne,  Coblenz,  and  Mayenee.  The 
llieH  are  to  hold  this  great  stretch  of  ground,  they  are  to  occupy 
ene  large  cities,  and  they  are  to  hold  bridgeheads  on  the  other 
le  of  the  Rhine  opposite  this  territory  as  specified.  This  is 
JcnhI  a  hostage  in  land  and  cities  the  possession  of  which  is  a 
Mlgfe  of  security.  But  the  security  afforded  goes  still  further, 
r  beyond  the  Rhine — ^that  is,  on  the  eastern  bank — there  is  to 
a  neutral  zone  about  twenty-five  miles  in  width,  on  an  aver- 
e.  All  diis  German  territory  must  be  free  from  German 
rt*e8  within  twenty-five  days.  Allied  garrisons  are  to  hold  all 


fortified  points  on  the  west  bank  of  the  Rhine.  No  destruction 
or  injury  to  the  people  must  be  permitted  during  evacuation, 
under  tiireat  of  reprisal.  Military  stores,  equipment,  and  the 
like  must  be  handed  over  intact.  The  position  of  aJl  mines  or 
poisoned  wells  must  be  indicated.  Germany  is  to  send  back  all 
prisoners  she  holds ;  the  Allies  are  not. 

Turning  from  the  demands  for  evacuation  to  the  actual  sur- 
render of  valuable  military  material,  we  find  that  Germany  is 
to  hand  over  5,000  pieces  of  artillery  (2,500  heavy,  2,500  field), 
80,000  machine  guns,  2,000  airplanes,  and  other  things  in  large 
quantities.  It  is  also  to  hand  over  5,000  locomotives,  50,000 
wagons,  and  10,000  motor  trucks.  Railways,  bridges,  tel^^phs, 
and  all  other  material,  including  coal,  m  evacuated  territory 
must  be  given  up  intact. 

The  naval  conditions  are  crushing  as  regards  any  revival  of 
German  naval  power  during  or  after  the  armistice.  The  Allies 
are  to  receive  one  himdred  and  sixty  German  submarines, 
including  all  those  of  the  new  large  cruiser  type,  while  six  battie- 
cruisers,  eight  light  cruisers,  ten  battleships,  and  fifty  destroyers 
are  to  be  disarmed  and  interned.  Allied  war  and  merchant  ships 
are  to  have  free  access  to  the  Baltic ;  mines  are  to  be  indicated 
and  removed ;  the  Russian  vessels  in  the  Black  Sea  seized  by 
Germany  are  to  be  handed  over  to  the  Allies ;  no  ships  of  any 
kind  are  to  be  destroyed ;  the  right  of  trading  with  the  Allies  is 
assured  to  all  neutrsd  countries,  while,  on  the  other  hand,  the 
rig4it  of  blockading  German  ports  is  retained  by  the  Allies. 

rf  ext  in  importance  come  tiie  surrender  within  a  month  of  all 
Allied  civilians  interned  or  deported  and  the  reparation  for 
damage  done.  What  is  meant  by  the  latter  clause  is  illustrated 
by  the  requirement  that  the  money  and  securities  taken  from 
Belgium  shall  be  paid  back,  and  uiat  gold  taken  from  Russia 
and  Rumania  shall  be  delivered  in  trust  to  the  AUies. 

A  most  interesting  section  of  the  armistice  relates  to  the  east- 
em  countries,  and  the  most  interesting  clause  in  this  is  that 
which  demands  the  immediate  abandonment  of  the  hateful 
Treaties  of  Bucharest  and  Brest- Litovsk  imposed  upon  Russia 
and  Rumania  by  Germany.  Next  in  interest  comes  the  demand 
that  not  only  German  troops,  but  also  "  German  instructors, 
prisoners,  and  civilians  as  well  as  military  agents,"  now  in 
Russia  are  to  be  readied.  Germany  is  to  withdraw  all  her 
troops  in  Russia,  Rumania,  and  Turkey. 

This  is  by  no  means  a  complete  summary  of  the  drastic  re- 
quirements of  the  armistice.  Its  duration  is  for  thirty  days, 
and  it  may  be  renewed.  There  is  no  doubt  anywhere  that 
the  putting  in  operation  of  the  armistice  means  the  end  of  the 
world  war.  The  discussion  of  the  conditions  of  final  peace  and 
the  signing  of  the  treaties  which  must  grow  out  of  it  will  doubt- 
less take  long  and  be  of  immense  difficndty,  but  the  fighting  of 
the  fiations  ended  when  the  last  shots  were  fired  at  eleven  o'cux^k 
(Paris  time)  on  November  11. 

A  map  relating  to  the  armistice  appears  on  the  next  page. 

GERMANY'S  MENACE  FROM  WITHIN 

There  b  hope  but  there  is  also  grave  danger  when  an  autoc- 
racy breaks  up  in  defeat  and  disgrace.  In  Germany  the  Kaiser 
has  abdicated  and  haa  fled  to  m>lland ;  the  Crown  Prince  has 
renounced  the  succession  to  the  throne ;  the  former  Chancellor, 
Maximilian  of  Baden,  has  been  replaced  as  Chancellor  by  a 
Socialist,  Friedrich  Ebert,  who  has  issued  a  moderate  and  sane 
appeal  to  the  people  to  observe  peace  and  order ;  a  Cabinet  has 
been  formed  of  wnich  Socialists  and  anti-militarists  are  mem- 
bers ;  a  popular  meeting  in  Munich  has  proclaimed  that  Bavaria, 
long  jealous  of  Prussian  aggression,  is  to  become  a  republic ; 
kings  of  other  German  states  nave  abdicated  or  are  ou  the  point 

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THE    OUTLOOK 


443 


doine  so ;  social  reforms  and  democmtic  tendencies  are  everj- 
lere  cuscnssed. 

AH  this  is  promising ;  bnt  there  are  two  obstacles  to  any 
nuine  democratization  of  Germany.  One  is  that  the  des- 
itism  of  anarchy  may  replace  the  despotism  of  autocracy,  that 
lat  happened  to  the  Russian  Revolution  may  happen  to  the 
erman  revolution.  Already  Soldiers'  and  Workmen  s  Councils 
,Te  been  formed.  The  revolts  at  Kiel,  Hamburg,  and  other 
.vsJ  points  have  been  organized  by  such  committees,  and  out- 
eaks  elsewiiere  have  been  led  by  the  Reds.  The  proposal  of 
e  late  ChanceUor  (who,  without  any  obvious  authority,  speaks 
himself  as  a  "  regent ")  is  to  have  a  National  Assembly  to 
dde  on  the  form  of  goveimment.  The  result  will  depend  on 
'm  the  delentes  are  selected.  A  National  Assonbly  stage- 
uuged  by  ue  old  Potsdam  gang  minus  the  Kaiser  would  be 
bioe.  The  red  flag  flying  over  the  Brandenburg  Grate,  the 
cession  of  troops  in  Berlin  to  the  popular  cause,  the  impend- 
l  return  of  la^|^  German  armies  to  German  soil,  are  things 
lich  indicate  or  forebode  a  possible  German  class  revolt  m 
tich  the  sober-minded  people  may  be  overridden  by  wild 
Borists  and  infuriated  mobs.  From  such  a  state  of  things  the 
icdon  might  be  dangerous  to  the  world  at  large.  It  is  evident 
It  the  Alfies  have  a  duty  in  Russia  to  restore  order  aod  insti- 
te  real  self-government.  It  may  be  that  a  similar  duty  may 
ise  as  reganu  disintegrating  Germany. 
The  other  danger  confronting  Germany  is  lest  ihe  revolution 
based  not  on  a  genuine  change  of  heart  but  on  fear  and  hatred, 
hen  autocracy  was  apparently  triumphant,  Germans  gener- 
y  applauded  its  cruelty  and  brutality  toward  other  peoples ; 
w  that  it  is  crushed,  what  is  needed  is  not  only  a  change  in 
i  form  of  government  bnt  an  utter  reversal  of  that  spirit  of 
itempt  toward  other  nations  and  of  that  indorsement  of  bar- 
rism  and  inhumanity  from  which  not  even  all  Grerman  So- 
lists  have  refrained.  As  President  Wilson  said  before  Con- 
ns when  he  presented  the  terms  of  armistice :  "  The  peoples 
10  have  just  come  out  from  under  the  yoke  of  arbitrary  gov- 
uuent,  and  who  are  now  coming  at  last  into  their  freedom, 
U  never  And  the  treasures  of  liberty  they  are  in  search  of  if 
iy  look  for  them  by  the  light  of  the  torch.  They  will  find  that 
ay  pathway  that  is  stamed  with  the  blood  of  their  own 
)ther8  leads  to  the  wilderness,  not  to  the  seat  of  their  hope." 

!V  MEN   IN  THE  SENATE 

Among  the  new  men  in  the  United  States  Senate  a  strik- 
;  figure  will  be  that  of  Selden  Spencer,  Republican,  of  Mis- 
n.  He  is  fifty-six  years  old.  Not  only  does  he  replace  a 
mocrat  in  the  Senate,  but  he  defeated  such  an  opponent  as 
leph  Folk,  the  famous  Circuit  Attorney  of  St.  Louis  and  later 
w-9)  Governor.  Judge  Spencer's  recognized  ability  and  his 
ord  as  a  public-spirited  citizen  of  St  Louis,  as  a  member  of 
I  Missouri  Legislature,  and  as  Judge  of  the.  Eighth  Judicial 
«nit(1897-lw)3),  qualify  him  to  serve  his  State  with  distino- 
IL  He  was  known  in  the  recent  primary  as  the  representative 
^  people  as  against  "  the  interests."  His  appearance  in  the 
late  begins  from  a  border  State  the  Republican  drive  against 
le  Sonu  in  the  saddle,"  which  was  a  onief  cause  of  the  gen- 
1  Democratic  defeat  in  the  election. 

?'rom  adjoining  Kansas  comes  Governor  Arthur  Capper, 
pablioan,  a  man  of  administrative  experience  and  also 
Mm  because  of  his  editorship  of  the  influential  Topeka 
kpital."  He  b^^an  as  a  compositor.  He  is  fifty-three 
n  M.  A  portrait  appears  elsewhere.  His  great  majority 
I  also  that  of  Governor-elect  Allen  are  due  not  only  to  their 
aonal  worth  but  also  to  the  resentment  at  the  Administra- 
I's  treatment  of  General  Wood,  commanding  at  Camp 
Bston,  Kansas.  The  Eighty-ninth  Division,  commanded  by 
oeral  Wood  until  at  its  port  of  embarkation  he  was  sum- 
rily  relieved  without  warning,  was  made  up  of  men  from 
Dsas  and  neighboring  States.  As  (here  has  been  no  public 
ilanation  of  uiis  slight  to  General  Wood,  the  returns  from 
of  these  States  show  significant  Republican  gains. 
Vnother  Governor,  Walter  Evans  Edge,  Republican,  of  New 
•ey,  is  a  still  younger  man,  he  being  only  forty-five  years  of 
L  His  record  m  the  New  Jersey  Leeislatare  and  later  as  the 
d  of  the  State  Government  would  indicate  equal  efficiency  in 


another  sphere  of  influence.  Like  Governor  Capper,  Mr.  £}dge 
also  b^fan  life  in  a  composing-room ;  he  was  once  *'  printer's 
devil "  m  the  "  Atiantic  Review  "  of  Atlantic  City. 

Passing  from  Governors  to  ex-Governors,  we  are  codfronted 
by  David  Ignatius  Walsh,  Democrat,  of  Massachusetts.  His  por- 
trait appears  on  another  page.  He  is  also  a  comparatively  young 
man,  forty-six  years  old.  He  has  been  a  popular  figure,  as  was 
shown  in  his  campaigns  for  the  Governorship  and  particularly 
in  the  recent  campaign,  where  he  displayed  much  clever 
oratory,  capturing  the  increasingly  large  Roman  Catholic  vote 
independent  of  party.  Like  Governor  Edge,  Mr.  Walsh,  dur- 
ing his  term  in  the  State  Leeislature,  was  uie  author  of  suooess- 
ful  labor  leg^lation.  It  will  be  astonishing  to  see  a  Democrat 
representing  Massachusetts  in  the  Senate.  Not  since  Robert 
Rantoul's  &y,  nearly  seventy  years  ago,  has  this  happened. 

From  Mioh^an  comes  a  new  Senator,  Truman  Handy  New- 
berry, from  1905-8  Assistant  Secretary  of  the  Navy,  and 
Secretary  of  the  Navy  in  President  Roosevelt's  Cabinet  during 
its  last  three  months  of  office.  Mr.  Newberry  is  a  Lieutenant- 
Commander  in  the  United  States  Navy  Fleet  Reserve.  He  is 
fifty-four  years  old.  His  Democratic  opponent  for  the  Seaator- 
ship,  Henry  Ford,  the  Detroit  automobue  mann&otorer,  became 
a  candidate  because  "  commanded  "  by  President  Wilscm.  And 
yet  of  Mr.  Ford  Judge  Hughes  reported  in  his  recent  aircraft 
review:  "There  has  been  a  laxity  at  the  Ford  |dant  with 
respect  to  those  of  German  sympathies  which  is  not  at  all 
compatible  with  the  interests  of  the  Government." 

Ajiother  important  and  new  man  who,  like  Jndge  Spencer, 
replaces  a  Democrat  (and  the  Democrat  is  none  otiier  than 
James  Hamilton  Lewis,  Democratic  whip  of  the  Senate)  is 
Medill  MoCormiok,  Republican,  of  Illinois.  Afr.  McCormidi 
is  also  a  young  man  for  Senatorial  honors,  indeed  the  youngest 
in  this  Lst ;  he  is  only  forty-one  years  of  age.  He  has  beem 
a  member  of  the  State  Legislature  and  is  at  present  a  member 
of  the  House  of  Representatives,  his  term  expiring  March 
4,  1919,  just  in  time  for  him  to  take  the  snort  journey 
from  the  House  to  the  Senate  Chamber  in  case  the  new  Con- 
gress is  called  in  extra  session  on  that  date.  Mr.  MoCormick 
represents  Roosevelt  Republicanism  in  general,  and  in  eqiecial 
has  obtained  recognition  among  all  interested  in  budget  reform 
by  his  introduction  into  Congress  of  a  ooknprehensive  measure 
dealing  with  that  subject.  A  portrait  appears  on  another  page. 

Among  the  Senators  who  have  bem  returned,  Knute  Ndson, 
Republican,  of  Minnesota,  stands  pre-eminent.  Mr.  Nelson's 
services  in  the  Senate  have  won  at^owledgment  from  Presi- 
dent Wilson  himself.  Pursuing  a  broad-gauge  policy,  the  Presi- 
dent appealed  to  Minnesota  Democrats  not  to  oppose  Senator 
Nelson  s  re-election.  Up  to  the  eleventh  hour  they  were  appar- 
entiy  willing  to  obey  the  injunction,  but  finally  some  ringleaders 
representing  the  less  trustworthy  element  "  came  out "  for  a 
candidate  who  was  not  so  much  a  Democrat  as  a  Prohibitionist, 
and  who  apparentiy  relied  on  the  Non-Partisan  League  and 
thepro-Germans  for  support.   A  portrait  appears  elsewhere. 

The  new  Senate  will  have  a  Republican  majority  of  two. 
The  House,  with  some  seats  still  in  doabt,  will  have  a  Repub- 
lican majority  of  from  forty  to  fifty. 


THE  UQUOR  ISSUE 

The  results  of  tiie  election  show  that  four  new  States — 
Ohio,  Florida,  Wyoming,  Nevada — have  now  entered  the  fast- 
growing  column  of  those  States  in  which  intoxicating  liquors 
may  not  be  legally  sold  or  bought. 

The  first  question  in  most  people's  minds  is.  How  will  this 
affect  the  ratification  of  the  Federal  "■  Dry  "  Amendment? 

Before  the  election  there  were  twenty-ei^ht  "dry  "  States.  The 
four  which  have  just  adopted  prohibition  make  thirty-two. 
Only  thirty-six  States  are  needed  for  ratification.  But  five 
"  wet "  States  have  already  ratified  it  That  makes  thirty-seven 
presumably  committed  to  the  Federal  amendment 

In  New  York  State  the  "  d^  "  issue  was  of  putionlar  inter- 
est Governor  Whitman,  the  Republican  candidate  for  another 
term  as  Governor,  was  defeated.  He  had  been  indorsed  by  the 
Prohibition  party.  His  defeat,  however,  the  Prohibitionists  be- 
lieve, was  not  because  he  had  advocated  prohibition,  but  because 
his  managers  tried  to  "  pussy-foot "  and  "  soft-pedal "  the  pndiibi- 

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444 


THE   OUTLOOK 


tion  issue.  Thb  Governor  of  New  York  State  does  not  have  to 
sign  a  resolution  ratifying  a  Federal  amendment.  The  over- 
whelming majority  of  Republican  members  in  both  houses  of 
New  York  are  in  utvor  of  ratification  of  the  "  dry  "  amendment. 
The  fact  that  the  Legislature  was  saved  from  Tammany  and 
that  the  people  refused  to  elect  a  Tammany  Legislature  pledeed 
against  ratification  is  an  answer  to  the  claim  that  prohibition 
was  defeated  in  New  York  State. 


WOMEN  AND  THE  ELECTIONS 

The  supporters  of  woman  suffrage,  especially  the  women 
supporters,  are  jubilant  over  the  results  of  the  recent  election. 
Two  new  States,  Michigan  and  South  Dakota,  have  adopted 
full  suffrage  for  women.  The  number  of  States  having  full 
suffrage  is  thus  raised  by  the  recent  victonr  from  twelve  to 
fourteen,  and  if  Oklahoma  should  prove  to  have  adopted  suf- 
frage the  number  will  be  fifteen.  Iji  Illinois,  Nebraska,  North 
Dakota,  and  Rhode  Island  women  may  vote  in  Presidential  or 
in  Presidential  and  municipal  elections.  And  in  Arkansas  and 
Texas  women,  by  some  curious  process  of  masculine  logic,  are 
permitted  to  vote  in  the  primaries,  while  they  cannot  vote  in  the 
elections.  Thus  it  will  be  seen  that  women  now  have  full  or 
partial  participation  in  Federal  elections  in  twenty-one  of  the 
forty-eight  States.  These  twenty-one  States  in  which  women  have 
a  voice  command  207  electoral  votes  in  a  Presidential  contest. 
Politicians  have  already  noted  this  fact,  and  it  is  beginning  to 
have  some  effect  upon  the  prospect  of  the  adoption  by  the  Senate 
of  the  Federal  amendment. 

In  Louisiana,  the  first  Southern  State  to  hold  a  refereudum 
on  woman  suffrage,  the  proposal  was  defeated,  although  every 
newspaper  in  the  State  except  one  advocated  its  adoption.  It 
is  significant  of  the  growth  of  the  movement  in  the  South  that 
the  suffragists  had  a  majority  in  the  State  outside  of  New 
Orleans,  but  the  adverse  vote  in  that  city  was  too  large  to  over- 
come. 

In  the  Congressional  elections  the  defeat  of  Senator  Weeks, 
of  Massachusetts,  and  that  of  Senator  Saulsbnry,  of  Delaware, 
are  of  moment  as  r^ards  the  woman  suffrage  movement.  Despite 
Mr.  Weeks's  personal  attractiveness  and  ability,  and  despite 
the  fact  that  he  has  been  influential  in  both  houses  of  Con- 
gress, and  especially  on  the  Senate  Military  Affairs  Committee, 
the  women  m  Massachusetts  think  that  the  chief  cause  of  his 
defeat  was  their  militant  campaign  against  him.  He  occupied 
one  of  the  "  anti-suffrage  "  seats  m  the  Senate.  It  was  neces- 
sary to  secure  two  of  uiose  seats  so  that  in  the  incoming  Con- 
gress the  Federal  Suffrage  Amendment  might  be  assured  of 
Bissage.  By  the  defeat  of  a  Republican  in  Massachusetts  and  a 
emocrat  m  Delaware  those  seats  would  seem  to  have  been 
assured. 

Moreover,  in  three  other  States  in  which  the  National  Suf- 
frage Association  entered  the  Congressional  election  in  order 
to  oppose  candidates  who  had  opposed  the  Federal  Suffrage 
Amendment,  it  scored  to  the  extent  of  causing  the  candidates 
in  each  State  to  run  behind  their  party  tickets.  These  candi- 
dates were  Senators  Borah,  of  Idaho,  Baird,  of  New  Jersey, 
iind  Moses,  of  New  Hampshire. 

The  suffragists  therefore  feel  well  satisfied  with  the  general 
outcome. 


AN  INDIVIDUAL  TRIUMPH 

It  is  with  particular  pleasure  that  The  Outlook  records  the 
success  at  the  poUs  of  the  Hon.  Frederick  M.  Daveni>ort, 
Republican  candidate  for  the  State  Senate  from  the  Thirty-sixth 
District  of  the  State  of  New  York. 

Mr.  Davenport  has  already  seen  service  in  die  State  Legisla- 
ture, having  been,  in  Governor  Hughes's  day,  a  member  of  the 
Senate  and  a  lieutenant  of  Governor  Hughes  in  carrying 
through  reform  legfislation. 

Senator  Davenport  is  Professor  in  Political  Science  at  Hamil- 
ton College,  Clinton,  New  York.  Readers  of  The  Outlook  know 
him  through  his  many  articles  on  political,  social,  and  educa- 
tional topics  contributed  to  its  pages.  In  addition  to  these  we 
have  had  the  advantage  of  his  advice  and  consultation  in  politi- 
cal problems,  an  advanta^i^e  which  we  think  may  be  counted  on 


for  the  future.  Mr.  Daveiiport  has  long  made  practical  pditin 
his  laboratoi-y  in  political  science. 


A  GREAT  FORTUNE  DEVOTED  TO 
PUBLIC  WELFARE 

The  recent  death  of  Mrs.  Russell  Sage  has  naturally  M 
to  a  review  of  the  varied  and  large  uses  to  which  daring  Iw 
Ufetirae  this  modest,  unostentatious,  and  warm-hearted  womao 
devoted  the  enormous  fortune  placed  unreservedly  ifl  her  baixif 
by  the  will  of  her  husband,  a  man  who  seemed  to  care  littW 
about  using  money,  but  much  about  acquiring  it. 

The  most  notable  contribution  by  Mrs.  Sage  to  public  par 
poses  was  of  course  that  of  $10,000,000  to  estabUsn  die  K<u- 
sell  Sage  Foundation,  which  has  nobly  and  finely  carried  oatit> 
obligations  under  its  charter  for  "  the  improvement  dF  godal 
and  living  conditions  in  the  United  States."  Apart  from  tb!» 
main  channel  of  usefulness  Mrs.  Sage  contributed  generoiuh 
to  many  religious,  philanthropic,  and  educational  institndofb. 
It  is  understood  that  in  public  and  private  charity  or  wel&tr 
work  Mrs.  Sage  gave  away  in  her  lifetime  about  135,000.000. 
This  sum  amounts  to  about  half  of  the  estate  left  by  BoseD 
Sage.  It  is  conMently  expected  (although  Mrs.  Sage's  will  hao 
not  been  filed  far  probate  as  we  write)  that  liberal  bequests  t<> 
an  almost  eqiud'  amount  will  b6  provided  for  under  the  will 
while  personal  klquests  will  be  provided  for  by  aocmnokt^d 
income.  If  this  is  so,  it  will  be  seen  that  the  f7O,0OO,000  kfl 
by  Russell  Ss^e  has  been  entirely  devoted  to  public  uses. 


THE  TAX  BILL 

Last  June  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  indicated  that  thr 
probable  lexpenditures  for  the  fiscal  year  ending  June  SO,  191% 
would  be  about  $24,000,000,000.  He  recommended  that  a  thini 
of  this  amount,  $8,000,000,000,  be  raised  in  taxes.  This  nam 
mendation  naturally  sharpened  the  discussion  as  to  what  &t 
ratio  between  loans  and  taxes  shbuld  be. 

England  has  placed  a  greater  degree  of  dependence  upon 
current  taxati'on  than  has  any  other  belligerent  in  the  late  mr 
except  ourselves,-and  yet  England  proposes  to  raise  but  about  fif- 
teen per  cent  of  her  1919  war  expenses  by  taxation.  As  EkiglaiKi 
has  never  doubled  her  tax  revenues-  and  has  made  but  <ri<- 
increase  as  large  as  fifty  per  cent,  it  is  difficult  to  oompreheud 
the  reasons  for  subjecting  Americans  to  two  doublings  of  tu- 
ation  in  successive  years. 

Last  September  Claude  Kitchin,  of  North  Carolina,  Cbai^ 
man  of  the  Committee  on  Ways  and  Means,  and  floor  leader  ci 
the  Dem(x;ratic  majority  of  the  House  of  Representatives,  snb- 
mitted  his  long-awaited  proposals  for  new  taxation.  They  verr 
favorably  received  by  the  House  of  Representatives.  The  bi 
is  now  before  the  Senate  for  action.  With  regard  to  this  mas' 
ure  we  would  call  attention  to  the  unanimous  report  adoptert 
by  the  Chamber  of  Commerce  of  the  State  of  New  York.  It 
notes  in  the  bill  three  main  features : 

First,  this  measure  would  increase  the  annual  Fedend  tv 
revenue  to  nearly  $8,200,000,000 — about  double  the  very  lar?* 
amount  raised  during  the  previous  fiscal  year,  and  mote  thu 
twice  the  largest  amount  ever  raised  by  taxation  in  any  otlvr 
nation  in  any  one  year. 

Second,  it  would  place  upon  American  taxpayers  a  hearkr 
proportion  of  Governmental  expenditures  than  has  ever  bees 
m  time  of  war  borne  by  the  taxpaying  citizens  or  subjects  ot 
any  modem  Power. 

Third,  and  in  particular,  it  would  not  materially  incnay 
the  relatively  small  fraction  of  the  total  population  now  it- 
quired  to  make  direct  tax  payments.  This  fa!ct,  it  develop*, » 
so  glaring  that,  in  the  opinion  of  the  New  York  Chamber  d 
Commerce,  it  would  seem  as  if  the  maxim, "  The  greatest  gonl 
to  the  greatest  number,"  has  been  considered  the  exact  eqirirv 
lent  of,  "  The  maximum  exploitation  of  the  fewest  citizrais'*! 

Of  course  what  is  technically  called  "  the  incidence  fi 
taxation  " — that  is  to  say,  the  way  in  which  the  tax  burden  bS^ 
upon  the  individual  citizen — is  as  important  as  its  amount 
It  is  of  first  importance,  we  believe  with  the  Chamber,  that  >B 
citizens  should  participate  in  all  the  burdens  as  well  as  in  *1 
the  opportunities  of  National    existence.    "  Every   argunK*" 


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CARTOONS      OF      THE     WEEK 


Hording  in  tht  Brooklyn  Eagle 


Darling  in  Mf  Nem  York  Tribune 


BUHiDINOS  CONDKMMBD 


PICTURESQUE  BUT  USELESS  SURVIVALS 


Kirby  in  the  Nrw  York  World 


THK  RKCEmoX  COMIIITTKK 


THE  NEW  MEMBER  GIVES  THE  "HIGH  SIGN" 


DONT  WOBRY— THBT  KNOW  THE  CBARACTKB'OF  O0R  6UE8T 
Some  Msential  detula  before  the  table  is  reellj  set 


NO  MORE  "SOUVENIBS"  FOR  THE  GERMANS 


Knott  in  the  Dallcu  Nrvt 


VELL.it  OlDMt  wv 


NOT  THIS  TII1& 


OKRMAN   "  REPEMTANCB  • 


BEATEN  BUT  HARDLY  CONVINCED 


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446 


THE   OUTLOOK 


aONonata 


for  univeraal  military  eervioe  is  reaUy  an  argument  for  universal 
taxation." 

The  Chamber  then  lays  down  this  fundamental  principle : 
"•  Our  tax  system  should  be  based  upon  outoo  rather  than  upon 
income."  "In  the  carrying  out  of  this  principle  the  Chamber  fitly 
declares  that  stamp  taxes  should  be  a  prime  source  of  revenue, 
and,  in  especial,  that  the  former  tax  upon  bank  checks  should 
be  restored.  Such  a  tax  would,  we  also  are  sure,  cause  little 
annoyance.  We  believe  that  it  would  not  appreciably  restrict 
the  volume  of  transactions.  Once  accustomed  to  it,  the  country, 
we  think,  would  hardly  look  upon  it  as  a  tax  at  all.  We  ear- 
ueatiy  hope  that  tibe  Senate  committee  which  is  now  recasting 
the  Kitcmn  Bill  as  passed  by  the  House  of  Representatives 
will  take  into  consideration  the  weighty  recommendation  of  the 
New  York  Chamber  of  Commerce  m  this  respect. 

As  to  the  Chamber's  further  recommendations,  there  is  room 
for  some  difference  of  opinion.  It  recommends  that  all  or  nearly 
all  the  stamp  taxes  used  during  the  Civil  War  and  the  Spanish 
War  should  be  restored  ;  that  there  should  be  a  stamp  tax  upon 
receipts,  to  be  required  for  all  purchases  in  amounts  exceeding 
one  dollar,  and  that  there  should  be  taxes  anon  consumption, 
needed  to  check  the  rapidly  rising  scale  of  costs. 

Whether  any  of  these  recommendations  are  followed  or  not, 
two  things  are  evident :  Taxation  should  reach  as  many,  not  as 
few,  citizens  as  possible,  and  should  fall  equitably  upon  all 
classes.'  We  must  not  jeopardize  our  spirit  of  democracy. 


WOMEN  MEMBERS  IN  THE  BRITISH  PARLIAMENT 

Women  sitting  as  members  in  the  British  Parliament !  It 
hardly  seems  possible.  They  have  long  sat,  a  very  few  of  them, 
as  onlookers,  but  behind  a  grille,  lest  they  become  too  dangerous. 

But  they  have  become  more  dangerous  than  ever.  Indeed,  in 
June,  1917,  they  became  so  dangerous  that  the  House  of  Com- 
mons voted  for  the  principle  of  equal  suffrage  for  men  and 
women  by  a  majority  of  no  less  than  330  out  of  a  total  vote 
of  440. 

On  October  23  it  went  one  step  further — a  big  step.  By  a 
majority  of  249  out  of  a  vote  of  299  it  passed  on  its  first  read- 
.^ing  a  bill  to  admit  women  members,  if  elected,  to  its  own 
organization.  As  Mr.  Asquith  said,  the  one  action  entailed  the 
other.  The  bill  has  since  passed  its  second  and  third  reading  and 
goes  to  the  House  of  Lords. 

Whether  the  measure  passes  that  body  or  not  (and  if  not,  the 
House  of  Commons  by  its  new  powers  oi  compidsion  on  legisla- 
tion is  likely  to  deal  summarily  with  tlie  Lords),  the  question 
now  arises,  How  about  representation  in  the  House  of  Lords? 
English  peers  do  not  have  the  franchise ;  compensation  is  sup- 
posed to  exist  in  their  right  to  voice  their  opinions  in  the  House 
of  Lords.  Naturally,  the  wives  and  widows  of  peera  suffer  the 
same  disability  ;  but  they  have  no  such  accompanying  compen- 
sation. They  caimot  vote.  There  is  no  House  of  Lords  for  them 
to  sit  in,  much  less  a  "  House  of  Ladies." 

Hence  last  April  a  large  number  of  titled  women  who  believed 
that  they  ought  to  have  both  the  vote  and  the  right  of  member- 
ship in  Parliament  began  an  agitation.  Among  them  were  three 
duchesses,  three  marchionesses,  twenty-eight  countesses,  eleven 
viscountesses,  and  thirty-three  baronesses.  This  is  an  indication 
that  the  woman  suffrage  movement  is  strong  in  aristocratic 
circles' as  well  as  elsewhere. 

The  most  picturesque  contribution  to  the  cause  was  ma«le  by 
Viscountess  Khondda.  Until  January,  1916,  this  lady  was  plain 
Mrs.  Thomas,  the  wife  of  David  Thomas,  the  eminent  English 
administrator  and  statesman  who,  because  of  his  signal  services 
to  the  country,  was  created  Viscount  Khondda.  He  died  lately, 
lamented  by  tine  whole  nation,  for  his  efficiency  as  Food  Adminis- 
trator was  equaled  only  by  that  of  Mr.  Hoover  in  this  country. 
If  Lord  Rhondda  had  died  before  1916,  his  wife  would  have 
profited  by  the  subsequent  law  which  grants  suffrage  to  women, 
a  law  crowning  a  movement  in  which  she  had  long  been  an 
active  worker,  and  which  is  now  enjoyed  by  her  domestics  but 
not  by  herself.  She  is  now  a  peeress,  and  has  lost  her  vote. 
This  did  not  prevent  her  from  petitioning  to  be  allowed  to  vote 
at  the  general  elections.  Her  petition  was  denied.  But  if  the  bill 
jitst  p^sed  by  the  House  of  Commons  should  become  effective, 
ly  Rhondda  will  realize  her  hopes. 


SOME   DUTIES    OF    PEACE 

ALL  thoughtful  men  and  women  agree  that  the  fint  fn 
months  of  peace  will  be  filled  with  problems  and  bai^ 
with  dangers  quite  as  serious  as,  perhaps  even  mcrre  teTum 
than,  those  that  have  confronted  us  during  the  four  yean  o(w\ 
Civilization  has  been  shaken,  shocked,  battered,  and  wooixli^ 
by  a  terrible  catastrophe.  But  it  is  still  living  and  breatliiii;; 
the  spirit  of  life  is  stiU  in  it ;  like  a  man  who  has  been  aD  kt 
destroyed  in  a  terrible  accident,  it  will  need  the  most  indefati°» 
ble  and  self-sacrificing  nursing  and  care  during  the  period  d 
convalescence.  What  is  often  spoken  of  as  the  ''  reoonstTactki 
period  "  is  simply  the  getting-weU  period. 

During  this  period,  while  the  Allied  Governments  an  & 
cussing  at  the  peace  table  the  new  boundaries  of  Eoropt:.  tk 
re-establishment  of  international  law,  the  punishment  of  th 
criminals  who  caused  the  disaster,  the  reparation  of  the  mt^l 
culable  sufferings  of  the  innocent,  and  other  vast  problem 
which  will  tax  to  the  utmost  the  just  and  righteous  statesman 
ship  of  the  world,  the  American  people  in  their  own  penod 
and  National  life  can  remember  three  courses  of  action  vludi 
if  they  follow  them,  will  contribute  mightily  to  the  fid 
strengthening  and  revitaliaation  of  prostrate  ci^ization. 

First,  let  us  be  modest.  We  print  on  another  page  someteuan 
for  being  modest  which  have  been  sent  to  us  by  a  well-kiiofi 
American  engineer  officer.  Perhaps  the  most  poetic,  if  not  tk 
most  highly  prized,  decoration  of  the  war  is  the  Frencii  Cno 
de  Guerre.  Well,  let  us  Americans  take  care  to  pin  our  Cnn 
de  Guerre  on  the  breasts  of  the  French,  the  British,  tk  B4 

¥*ans,  the  Serbians,  and  the  Italians  before  we  pin  it  on  out  on 
hey  are  the  ones  who  have  borne  the  brunt  of  the  battle.  W« 
believe  that  our  soldiers  at  the  front,  who  have  conducted  tbea 
selves  so  nobly  and  have  shown  themselves  to  be  such  8pleiM& 
fighters  as  to  win  the  everlasting  affection  and  gratitude  of  il 
their  comrades  in  arms  of  whatever  nationality,  will  be  among  th 
first  to  preach  modesty  and  reticence  when  they  g^t  back  boot 

In  the  second  place,  humane  duty  as  well  as  practical  kI 
protection  requires  that  the  American  people  do  eveiytluBj 
they  can  to  aid  in  establishing  law  and  order  and  a  jnstgoTen 
ment  in  Russia,  Austria,  and  Germany,  where  autoeracj  la 
collapsed.  Germany  has  not  only  surrendered,  bat  the  Geiwi 
Empire  is  to-day  in  process  of  dissolution.  Shall  this  be  rntd 
a  process  of  recrystallization  into  a  permanent  and  healthy  foni 
In  this  work  the  United  States  has  a  peculiar  respousibilitj,  f<< 
President  Wilson^and  we  think  it  will  be  one  of  the  great  h» 
toric  achievements  andhonorsof  his  Administration — hasateaiiih 
for  a  year  and  a  half  bent  all  his  great  power  and  authority  t« 
effect  a  separation  in  spirit  and  sentiment  as  well  as  in  pcditia 
form  between  the  German  people  and  the  Hohenzollem  arisue 
racy.  That  separation  has  now  come.  But,  having  destroyed  th 
Hohenzollem  Government,  the  United  States  would  be  fa)*  l« 
the  principles  of  justice  if  it  should  not  aid  the  Grerman  peopk 
in  creating  a  better  government.  It  is  one  of  the  doctrin«<^ 
international  law  that  no  country  may  destroy  the  gown- 
ment  of  another  without  seeing  to  it  that  a  better  ^wo 
ment  takes  the  place  of  the  one  that  is  lost.  It  was  this  primipli 
that  guided  the  American  people  and  the  American  Goven 
ment  m  the  Philippines,  in  Forto  Rico,  and  iu  Cuba.  Indeed 
we  said  to  the  Cubans,  by  what  is  known  as  the  Flatt  Am^ 
ment,  that  if  anarchy  and  injustice  raised  their  heads  to  dtstiw 
the  Cuban  Republic,  we  should  interfere  to  put  these  enanie*'^ 
civilization  down.  We  have  interfered  once  since  the  Spanii 
American  War  in  Cuba.  Under  the  protection  of  this  pronipi 
and  performance  in  behalf  of  law  and  order  the  Cuban  Repawl 
has  steadily  grown  in  strength  and  social  justice.  Law  and  ow" 
are  the  first  essential  foundations  of  democratic  liberty.  "* 
United  States  must  continue  in  co-operation  with  her  Enrop** 
Allies  to  protect  and  maintain  law  and  order  in  the  Centn 
Empires  of  Europe,  by  force  if  necessary,  so  that  true  denux-wl 
may  have  a  chance  to  establish  itself. 

In  the  third  place,  the  American  people  must  not  relax  a  sb;* 
effort  to  maintain  the  morale  of  their  soldiers  abroad  and  of  ^ 
citizens  at  home  during  the  period  of  demobilization.  As  i^ 
John  R.  Mott,  the  head  of  the  International  Y.  M.  C.  A.,  •*■ 
effectively  said,  the  period  of  demobilization  must  not  beo*^' 
period  of  demoralization.    At  a  luncheon  recently  held  in  -*'* 


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WIS                                                                                  THE    OUTLOOK  447 

Tork  City  by  the  Merchants'  Assodation  in  behalf  of  the  United  moment  in  Kossuth's  onsuccessful  revolt,  and  in  Germany  in 

War  Work  Campugn  Dr.  Mott  read  some  tabulated  statistics  the  apparently  fntile  revolution  of  1848.    But  that  revolution 

which  he  had  prepared  and  which  he  rightly  said  throw  a  dis-  was  not  wholly  futile.   It  reappeared  in  the  Social  Democratic 

tinct  light  on  the  length  of  time  that  our  Army  will  still  have  party,  which  was  without  political  power  but  not  without  nota- 

to  be  kept  in  disciplinary  trim  and  military  formation.    These  ble  representation  in  the  powerless  Reichstag.   In  Russia  the 

statistics  show  the  approximate  time  which  elapsed  from  the  same  aspiration  found  outward  expression  in  the  writings  of 

last  Inttle  or  armistice  to  the  final  demobilization  of  the  troops  Tolstoy,  and  inward  inspiration  in  traveling  apostles  of  liberty 

engaged :  whose  influence  could  neither  be  wholly  repressed  by  the  united 

American  Ovil  War 17  months  efforts  of  a  despotic  State  and  a  despotic  Church,  nor  wholly 

Franco-Pmssian     " 2  years  4  months  neutralized  by  the  criminal  folly  of  Anarchistic  revolutionists. 

Tareo- Russian       "       18  months  Meanwhile  across  the  sea  the  American  Republic  waxed 

Spanish-American  «       16  months  strong.  The  outbreak  of  the  Civil  War  brought  despair  to  the 

°*®''                       "       J2  ™**''''^*  lovers  of  liberty  and  exultation  to  the  lovers  of  absolutism  in 

Rosso-Japanese      «       U  months  Europe.    But  it  caused  throughout  Europe  a  widespread  agita- 

In  the  light  of  these  figures,  it  seems  probable  that  it  will  be  tion,  and  so  fed  the  kindled  aspiratious  of  the  common  people 
at  least  a  year,  and  perhaps  longer,  before  the  last  of  our  troops  for  liberty.  In  the  midst  of  her  Civil  War  America  passed  the 
are  mustered  out  of  service,  and  longer  than  that  if  it  should  be  Homestead  Law,  and  the  common  people  of  Europe  saw  in  this 
necessary,  as  seems  likely,  to  maintam  garrisons  in  Europe  for  act  a  satisfying  of  their  hunger  for  the  land  and  a  hope  of 
the  purpose  of  aiding  the  German,  Austrian,  and  Russian  people  that  independence  which  the  ownership  of  land  promotes, 
to  build  up  constitutional  democracies  upon  the  ruins  which  Himdreds  of  thousands  crossed  the  sea  to  take  advantage 
their  autocratic  despots  have  made.  For  at  least  a  year  to  come,  of  the  free  gift  offered  to  them.  They  were  not  the"  dregs  of 
therefore,  the  work  of  the  Red  Cross,  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  and  Europe,"  but  included  many  of  her  most  energetic,  enterpris- 
Y.  W.  C.  A.,  the  Knights  of  Columbus,  the  Jewish  Welfare  ing,  and  industrious  citizens.  Every  mail  carried  back  letters 
Board,  the  Salvation  Army,  and  other  altruistic  oreanizations  from  the  emigrants  to  the  stay-at-homes,  inciting  the  question, 
which  have  been  doing  such  admirable  work  during  the  war,  will  Why  can  we  not  have  wages  adeqimte  to  support  our  families, 
be  needed  more  than  ever.  land  of  our  own  to  cultivate,  and  schools  established  for  the 
Peace  always  brings  a  time  of  relaxation.  Active  warfare  de-  education  of  our  children  ?  The  better  wage  paid  in  America 
mands  that  every  man  shall  keep  himself  up  to  the  highest  pitch  not  only  begot  discontent  with  industrial  conditions  in  Ireland, 
of  perfection.  That  incentive  is  taken  away  when  war  ends.  Germany,  Austria,  and  Italy,  but  compelled  some  increase  of 
Eveiy  American  citizen  must  make  it  his  own  personal  duty  to  wages  in  those  countries.  The  story  of  the  Irishman  who  wrote 
see  that  his  morale  does  not  relax,  and  see  uiat  the  solcuers  to  a  comrade  at  home,  "  Come  over  hero.  I  have  nothing  to  do 
and  sailors  abroad  and  at  home  are  helped  to  maintain  those  but  to  carry  a  hodfid  of  bricks  to  the  top  of  a  four-stonr  build- 
high  standards  of  life  and  efficiency  wliich  have  given  them  so  ing ;  the  fellow  there  does  all  the  work,  and  I  get  a  dollar  and 
fine  a  reputation  in  this  war.  .a  half  a  day,"  is  probablv  apocryphal,  but  it  is  significant. 

It  was  characteristic  of  the  English  aristocracy  to  yield  slowly 

T»i?  A  r'T?      A  TVTr\     TTTT?     nr\T  T  A  DCT?     /M?  ^'"'^^  gradually  to  the  growing  demands  of  the  common  people. 

PEjACEj     and     the     collapse     Or  Suffrage  was  extendi;  pocliet  boroughs  were  abolished;  the 

AUTOCRACY  ^®***  powers  were  taken  from  the  House  of  Lords ;  the  taxes  on 

unearned  wealth  were  increased ;  radical  Laborites  were  per- 

America  is  rejoicing  in   the  peace.    But  it  is  not  merely  mitted,  without  protest,  to  enter  Parliament.                            -^ 

the  peace  which  inspires  America's  joy.  For  the  first  two  years  But  the  autocrats  who  ruled  Germany  and  Aiistria  were  fools', 

after  the  war  began  America  was  at  peace,  and  she  was  not  Were  they  crazed  by  their  own  self-conoeit?  Professor  Jastrow 

rejoicing.    She  was  humiliated.   If  the  impossible  could  hap-  apparently  thinks  so.^  Were  they  blinded  by  their  own  lust  of 

pen  ana  Socialistic   Germany  should   attempt  to  revive    the  poutical  and  industrial  dominion?    Perhaps.    Whatever  the 

war  which  autocratic  Germany  has  abandoned,  we  should  still  cause,  they  imagined  that  by  sitting  on  the  safety-valve  they 

rejoice,  for  our  joy  is  because  one  of  the  greatest  purposes  for  could  prevent  explosion  and   extinguish   the   flames   beneath 

which  we  entered  this  war,  for  which  we  have  given  our  sons,  the  boiler.    The  ruling  powers  of  the  three  great  autocratic 

spent  our  money,  and   invited   and   accepted  our  slight  self-  Empires  of  Europe — Germany,  Austria,  and  Tuirkey — resolved 

sacrifices,  has  heea  accomplished.  Autocracy  is  destroyed  beyond  to  extinguish  democratic  aspirations  and  at  the  same  time  extend 

all  hope  of  re-creation.    This  is  the  secret  and  spring  of  our  their  own  dominion  by  a  war  of  conquest.  They  argued  that  Eng- 

reioicing.  land  was  threatened  by  a  two-headed  revolt  in  Ireland ;  that 

The  Greeks  had  a  motto :  "  Whom  the  gods  would  destroy  France  was  divided  politically  by  a  strife  between  the  Socialistic 

they  first  make  mad."    In  the  Hebrew  account  of  the  emanci-  and  Individualistic  tneories  of  the  social  organization,  and  relig- 

pation  of  Israel  from  Egypt  the  narrator  says  that  God  hard-  iously  by  the  strife  between  believers  in  ecclesiastical  autocracy 

ened  Pharaoh's  heart,  ^nd  to  this  hardening  of  Pharaoh's  heart  and  believers  in  religious  and  educational  liberty ;  that  Italy  was 

he  attributes  the  complete  success  of  the  emancipation.  their  ally  and  might  be  depended  ou  at  least  to  remain  neutral. 

Neither  of  tiiese  statements  need  be  regarded  as  psychologi-  The  hour  was  auspicious.    The  assassination  of  an  Austrian 

cally  exact,  but    they   both   express,  not   only    the  faith   ex-  prince  furnished  an  excuse.  And  autocratic  Germany  challenged 

pressed  by  Shakespeare  in  the  pnrase,  "  There  s  a  divinity  that  democracy  to  a  trial  of  the  issue — world  dominion  or  downnill. 

shapes  our  ends,  rough-hew  them  how  we  will,'.'  and  by  Hegel  The  phraseology  is  that  of  one  of  her  own  ai>ostles. 

in  nis  affirmation  that  history  is  the  working  out  of  God's  The  same  blindness,  the  same  folly,  have  characterized  the 

plans,  but  also  the  faith  that  in  thus  working  out  his  own  great  German,  the  Austrian,  and  the  Turkish  forces  throughout  the 

purposes  God  compels  the  enemies  of  mankind  to  co-operate  war.   They  have  recognized  no  power  but  that  of  the  sword, 

with  him  in  accomplishing  the  very  ends  which  they  desire  to  They  have  shown  themselves  true  disciples  of  Nietzsche,  who 

defeat.    The  events  of  the  last  four  years  illustrate  this  truth,  give  to  himself  and  his  followers  the  title  of  "  immoralists." 

Germany  and  Austria  have  contributed  to  the  destruction  of  They  have  shocked  the  common  sense  and  outraged  the  common 

that  autocracy  which  they  endeavored  to  extend,  and   to  the  conscience  of  the  civilized  world.  That  world  Germany  startletl 

buildine  of  that  democracy  which  they  endeavored  to  destroy.  when,  on  the  outbreak  of  the  war  she  invadetl  the  territory  of 

The  French  Revolution  and  the  Napoleonic  campaigns  shat-  a"  neighbor  whose  territory  she  had  solemnly  pledgetl  to  protect 

tered   without  destroying  the  power  of  autocracy  in  western  from  invasion.    She  turned  astonishment  into  abhorrent^  when 

Europe,  and  kindled  in  the  common  people  an  aspiration  for  she  justified  this  violation  of  her  ple<lged  word  by  the  cynical 

liberty  which  could  thereafter  be  repressed  but  could  not  be  declaration  that  "  necessity  knows  no  law."  She  intensifietl  that 

extinguished.  The  Bourbons  were  put  back  upon  their  thrones,  abhorrence  when  she  bume<l  the  cities  and  massacred  the  in- 

hut  not  to  remain.  In  France,  Spain,  Italy,  constitutional  gov-  habitants  of  a^  kingdom  whose  only  crime  it  was  that  its  King 

emments  were  established  in  which  the  people  had  at  least  ~7^^hU«rHoleeutiiled  ••MMiii«Teutouio«.-mTheC)«tlo.)kf..r.l«im«rvit.  ismh. 

some  share.    In  Austria  the  fire  of  liberty  flamed  out  for  a  «i«l  hi»  article  in  this  is»ne  of  The  Ontlmk. 

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and  its  people  had  kept  faith  with  a  neighbor  who  had  trusted 
it.  She  developed  the  growiug  hostility  of  other  civilized  nations 
when  she  sank  their  merchuit  ships  engaged  in  peaceful  and 
legitimate  trade.  She  aroused  America's  wrath  when  she  pro- 
posed to  Mexico  to  invade  us  from  the  south  and  encouraged 
our  own  German-American  citizens  to  conduct  a  treacherous 
warfare  against  us  in  violation  of  their  solemn  oath  of  allegiance 
to  the  land  of  their  adoption.  The  flames  of  vrrath  grew  hotter 
as  we  read  the  account  of  cruelties  perpetrated  in  lands  remo£e 
— the  Balkans,  Poland,  Armenia. 

If  Germany  had  been  content  to  maintain  her  autocracy 
over  her  own  people,  the  free  peoples  of  the  world  would  not  have 
interfered  with  her.  If  she  had  observed  her  treaty  with  Bel- 
gium and  had  invaded  France  from  the  east,  it  is  doubtfiU 
whether  England  would  have  engaged  in  the  war.  If  she  had 
treated  with  scrupulous  respect  the  rights  of  neutrals  on  land 
and  on  sea,  it  is  doubtful  whether  any  of  the  neutral  Powers 
would  have  been  drawn  into  the  ranks  of  the  Allies.  She  has 
invited  her  downfall  by  crimes  that  were  follies.  She  has  dug 
the  pit  for  others  in  such  a  ^hion  that  it  was  inevitable  that 
she  should  fall  into  it  herself. 

Her  cruelty,  and  yet  more  her  exultation  in  cruelty,  made 
the  whole  world  her  enemy.  It  notified  her  own  subject  peo- 
ples what  she  was  and  what  they  might  expect  from  her  if  ever 
they  essayed  a  revolt.  It  made  revolt  more  perilous,  but  it  also 
made  it  more  necessary.  If  to  America  the  causes  of  the  war 
were  at  first  obscure,  no  wonder  they  were  obscure  to  the 
uneducated  and  long-dependent  peoples  of  the  Powers  which 
brought  that  war  on.  But  as  the  causes  grew  more  clear  to  the 
peoples  without  the  field  of  conflict,  they  also  grew  more  clear 
to  the  peoples  within  that  field. 

All  Americans,  without  distinction  of  party,  recognize  with 
admiration  the  skill  of  the  President  in  the  use  of  "  winged  words." 
The  very  fact  that  he  was  slow  to  understand  the  meaning  of 
the  war  has  perhaps  contributed  to  his  power  when  he  under- 
took the  task  of  explaining  that  meanmg.  The  phrase  "  to 
make  the  world  safe  for  democracy  "  is  one  of  those  current 
coins  which  once  put  into  circulation  no  power  can  get  out 
again.  Censorship  is  powerless  to  counteract  such  a  slogtui. 
The  proposals  of  autonomy  for  the  foreign  peoples  in  Austria- 
Hungary  and  of  full  political  freedom  for  the  peoples  of  the 
Balkan  States  found,  though  more  slowly,  circulation  among 
those  peoples  to  whom  in  reality,  though  not  in  form,  those 
proposals  were  addressed.  They  did  not  know  what  democracy 
means,  but  they  did  know  that  it  means  the  overthrow  of 
absolutism.  To  these  appeals  the  desire  for  liberty  responded. 
It  became  a  hope. 

The  desire  for  liberty  is  not  confined  to  any  class  or  to  any 
race,  or  even  to  any  age.  In  the  babe  it  is  the  trouble  of  the 
mother.  In  the  schoolboy  it  is  the  problem  of  the  teacher.  It 
can  be  guided  but  never  destroyed.  It  can  be  repressed  for  a 
time  but  not  for  all  time.  The  autocrats  of  Europe  made  no 
attempt  to  guide  it,  and  they  could  not  destroy  it.  Repressed, 
the  desire  for  liberty  became  a  passion.  Among  the  peoples 
discontent  grew  ominously.  The  fact  that  before  the  war  the 
Social  Democrats  of  Germany  would  have  had  a  balance  of 
power  in  the  Reichstag  if  the  Reichstag  had  possessed  any 
power  was  itself  threatening  to  their  military  masters;  but 
their  military  masters  could  not  understand  because  they  did 
not  wish  to  understand.  The  execution,  first  of  scores,  then  of 
hundreds,  of  enlisted  men  inspired  by  that  love  for  liberty  does 
not  repress  that  -love  or  its  expression.  Said  Gregory  Mason 
in  The  Outlook  of  July  11,  1917  :  "  In  the  true  sense  of  the 
word,  the  elimination  of  the  autocracy  of  Nicholas  II  in  Russia 
was  not  a  revolution.  It  was  a  collapse.  The  Czar's  Government 
fell  from  sheer  decay."  The  &ct  of  that  collapse  could  not  be 
kept  from  the  knowledge  of  the  common  people  of  Germany, 
Austria,  and  Hungary.  It  could  not  fail  to  inflame  still  further 
the  desire  for  a  similar  collapse  of  the  Governments  which  had 
ruled  but  had  never  served  the  people.  The  Revolution  in  Russia, 
which  followed  the  collapse  of  the  Czar's  Government,  showed 
to  the  powers  in  Germany  and  Austria,  perhaps  in  Turkey 
also,  the  perils  which  impend.  In  Russia  the  des^totism  of  the 
Czar  has  been  followed  by  the  despotism  of  a  mob,  and  the 
despotism  of  a  mob  is  for  the  time  oeing  worse  than  the  des- 
potism of  an  autocrat.    But  the  despotism  of  a  mob  is  never 


more  than  temporary.  The  despotism  of  an  antocrat  has  ofta 
descended  through  many  generations.  Crerman  autocracy  ooalii 
maintain  its  power  only  by  the  support  of  the  people  whom  h 
was  holding  in  bondage.  It  ■  has  collapsed  beoMse  it  can  bold 
the  people  in  bondage  no  longer. 

What  I  have  desired  to  show  to  my  readers  in  this  artkk 
b  that  three  forces  have  combined  in  bringing  about  the  de- 
struction of  absolutism  in  Europe — the  folly  of  the  autociatK.  tb^ 
courageous  devotion  of  the  armed  defenders  of  liberty,  and  tk 
awakened  aspirations  and  hopes  of  the  hitherto  subject  peopW 
These  forces  have  without  conscious  co-operation  contributed  to 
a  predestined  end,  and  the  result  confirms  what  in  these  ptgs 
was  said  in  the  first  week  of  the  war :  "  We  do  not  undertake  to 
interpret  the  will  or  purpose  of  the  Almighty.  But  we  be&ve 
with  Hegel  that  God  has  a  plan,  and  that  history  is  notlmig 
but  the  working  out  of  his  plan  in  human  affairs.  And  wt 
believe«that  the  Austrian  Prime  Minister  and  the  German  Em- 
peror have  made  a  fatal  mistake  in  leaving  this  truth  ont  of 
their  reckoning  in  their  endeavor  to  destroy  the  great  demo- 
cratic movement  in  Europe."  t  * 

*^  Lthan  Abbott. 


THE   NATION    AT    SCHOOL 

From  being  the  most  individualistic  of  any  of  the  '^tat 
Powers,  America  has  suddenly  become  probably  the  most  Sodal- 
istic.  The  Government  owns  and  operates  our  railways  and  our 
tel^fraphs,  determines  what  transportation  charges  we  mnstpsj 
for  ourselves  and  our  goods,  how  many  Pullman  cars  we  may  ue, 
how  many  trains  may  be  run,  what  wages  must  be  paid  to  ik 
employees.  The  Government  determines  how  mu^  coal  w 
may  buy  and  what  price  we  must  pay  for  it.  It  effeotaaD; 
decides,  sometimes  by  order,  sometimes  by  request,  what  foodi 
we  can  market,  and  therefore  what  foods  we  may  eat.  It  asksm 
to  forego  our  Sunday  trips  in  our  automobiles  that  we  maysan 
gasoline  for  our  allies,  and  we  readily  comply.  Even  the  Ameri- 
can's privilege  of  grumbling  is  taken  away  from  him,  not  b; 
impenal  decree,  but  by  patriotic  public  opinion.  And  now  that 
autocracy  has  collapsed  and  peace  has  come  we  are  beginnin' 
to  ask  whether  we  shall  go  back  to  individualism,  or  oontijiH 
Socialistic,  or  find  some  middle  ground  between  the  two. 

For  example:  Shall  the  Government  continue  to  own  wi 
operate  our  railways?  or  shall  it  return  the  railways  tothr 
present  owners  and  trust  to  competition  to  r^^ulate  prices  and 
conveniences  for  travelers?  or  shall  it  return  the  nulwsysta 
the  owners  and  reorganize  and  develop  a  Government  r^uktiflc 
of  trafBc  and  prices  ?  or  shall  the  Government  own  the  railwavi 
and  private  enterprise  operate  them,  as  the  New  York  Citj 
government  owns  the  subway  and  a  private  oorporation  operatw 
it  ?  or,  finally,  is  there  some  other  scheme  which  ingennity  nuj 
discover  and  suggest  for  our  consideration? 

This  is  only  one  sample  of  a  score  of  questions  of  analogooi 
nature  which  are  to  be  decided  during  the  period  of  dom^tk 
reconstruction  which  wUl  follow  the  dose  of  the  var.  In 
deciding  them  President  Wilson  has  no  greater  poteer  than  had 
Professor  Wilson  over  similar  questions  twenty  vears  ago.  Thr 
people  will  welcome  his  opinion,  but  they  will  not  (»nfonnd 
opinion  with  decision.  Indeed,  President  Wilson  as  a  dono- 
crat  cannot  desire  to  decide  tiiese  (questions  or  to  have  tb« 
people  accept  liis  opinions  as  decisions.  Congress  will  have  tbe 
power  to  decide  these  questions,  but  only  temporarily,  for  onlj 
as  it  represents  the  people  will  its  decision  abide.  If  it  misrep- 
resents the  people,  the  people  will  have  the  power  to  undo  its 
work  and  elect  another  Congress  to  formulate  and  register  i 
different  decision. 

These  questions  are  to  be  decided  not  for  the  people  but  bf 
the  people.  They  are  to  be  discussed  by  the  press,  to  be  tk 
theme  of  essays  and  orations  in  public  meetings,  to  bedebstw 
in  parlors,  hotel  lobbies,  anu  smoking-cars,  to  be  orated  oii  t>J 
soap-box  orators  in  public  parks  and  on  street  comers.  ^Tm.' 
will  be  treated  in  every  language  from  the  purest  En^ish  to 
the  Yiddish,  and  by  members  of  every  race  from  native-b<'^ 
Americans  to  just-landed  Poles,  Russians,  and  Arabians.  \^ « 
shall  need,  and  we  ought  to  welcome,  the  opinions  of  oan>- 
mercial  cities,  mining  r^ons,  factory  towns,  nual  popnlal»B»> 


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of  produceis  and  oonsumers,  of  capitalists^  and  workingmen,  of 
college  professors  and  the  man  on  the  street,  of  university 
graduates  and  illiterates,  of  judicial  thinkers  and  prejudiced 
emotionalists,  of  individualists  as  extreme  as  Herbert  Spencer 
and  Socialists  as  extreme  as  Tolstoy.  When  .the  debate  is 
ended  and  when  the  echoes  of  it  have  penetrated  Congress,  and 
Congress  is  ready  to  register  the  will  of  the  Nation,  whether 
that  will  is  wise  or  foolish,  the  result  will  be :  adf-govemment. 
And  no  government,  however  good,  is  any  substitute  for  self- 
government,  for  no  other  government  does  so  much  to  inform 
the  mind,  broaden  the  understanding,  dissipate  prejudices,  and 
inspire  that  spirit  of  mutual  respect  which  is  the  solvent  of 
warlike  animosities  and  the  foundation  of  civic  good  fellowship 
aud  international  peace. 


HICKORIES   AT  DAWN 

The  Happy  Eremite  walked  oter  to  the  barn  through  the 
crisp  and  sunlit  air,  past  the  pond  where  the  ducks  were  splash- 
ing, past  the  young  willows, 

"  Like  girls  on  hands  and  knees  that  throw  their  hair 
Before  them  over  their  heads  to  dry  in  the  son," 

up-grade  between  the  rows  of  raspberry  bushes.  He  noticed 
that  autumn  had  before  him  walked  along  that  winding  strip 
of  roadway.  A  few  berries  still  hung  on  the  bushes,  but  the 
leaves  were  beginning  to  curl.  Along  the  boundary  fence  the 
hickories  were  drying  up ;  the  great  hickory  that  sheltered  the 
children's  playgroimd  was  growing  sparse,  showing  patches  of 
blue  sky  through  its  withering  foliage  and  giving  the  impression 
of  a  giant  grown  emaciated  overnight  wi&  some  invisible  dis- 
ease. 

"  Autumn  comes  starkly  here,"  said  the  Happy  Eremite  to 
himself.  "  I  wish  we  had  maples  on  the  place.  They  flame  up 
before  they  go  out.  But  these  hickories  die  grimly  without  a 
word  of  blessing  for  anybody,  like  a  rich  old  man  who  is  leav- 
ing his  money  to  nephews  and  nieces  he  despises." 

He  gazed  about.  To  the  north  lay  a  patch  of  woods,  looking 
wind-swept  and  desiccated.  Down  the  glen  the  tall  trees  were 
flinging  off  colorless  leaves ;  along  the  highway  the  ancient 
boughs  appeared  giim  and  senile. 

''Nature  has  no  pity  here,"  he  murmured.  "  Winter  is  on 
the  way,  and  she  makes  no  bones  about  sajring  so.  Perhaps  I  am 
weak-spirited,  but  I  wish  she  could  break  the  news  a  little  less 
frankly  in  terms  of  death  and  decay." 

The  New  Baby  woke  him  at  five  next  morning.  There  was 
no  more  sleep  for  him,  he  knew,  so  he  dressed  and  went  out 
mto  the  fresh  dawn.   A  heavy  mist  shrouded  the  trees.   Half- 


way to  his  study  he  stood  stilL-  The  gray  line  of  the  east  was 
growing  bright,  and  us  he  turned  his  gaze  westward  he  was 
conscious  of  a  glow.  Slowly  it  deepened.  It  was  the  great  hick- 
ory above  the  playground.  Like  a  mass  of  marvelous  dull  gold 
it  emerged  out  of  the  mist.  He  watched  breathlessly  while  the 
splendor  grow,  conscious  that  the  hickories  beyond  it  were' 
glowing  likewise.  He  turned.  In  the  glade  were  great  globes  of 
old  gold ;  the  woods  to  the  north  shone  as  though  from  a  light 
within. 

Day  came.  The  glow  faded.  The  hickories  were  once  more 
symbols  of  unlovely  dying.  But  all  day  long  the  Happy  Ere- 
mite, moving  among  men,  said  to  himself,  over  and  over  again  : 
"  I  know  something  that  they  don't  know,  I  know  something 
that  they  don't  know,  I  know  something — that — they — don't— 
know ." 


IS   AMERICA   AN   ALLY? 

If  America  is  not  an  Ally,  what  is  it  ?  And  if  it  is  an  Ally, 
why  is  it  that  the  phrase  "  the  Allies  and  the  United  States," 
or  some  other  phrase  equivalent  in  meaning,  is  used  over  and 
over  again  in  the  formtu  terms  of  the  armistice  agreements  with 
Germany  and  Austria?  Why  is  the  same  phrase  or  its  equiva- 
lent used  in  the  note  of  President  Wilson  to  Germany  announc* 
ing  that  General  Foch  had  authority  to  give  Germany  the  terras 
of  an  armistice?  Why  is  it  that  the  same  phrase  or  an  equiva- 
lent is  used  meticulously  and  conspicuously  in  all  of  the  recent 
official  or  semi-official  utterances  by  Secretary  Lansing  at  Wash- 
ington? Why  is  it  that  for  some  time  in  the  utterances  of 
President  Wilson  the  term  "  associates "  has  been  frequently 
used  where  the  term  "  Allies  "  might  be  expected  ? 

If  any  explanation  has  been  made  of  this  singular  way  of 
speaking  of  the  relations  of  the  United  States  to  .franco.  Great 
Britain,  and  the  other  Powers  with  which  the  United  States  has 
joined  forces  in  fighting  and  defeating  the  Hun,  it  has  failed  to 
attract  our  attention. 

If  the  reason  is  merely  some  delicate  shade  of  diplomatic 
technique,  the  why  and  wherefore  should  be  stated  in  order  to 
avoid  misapprehension. 

Surely  it  cannot  be  possible  that  the  United  States  is  some- 
thing less  than  an  Ally.  This  country  has  fought  as  an  Ally, 
has  won  victory  as  an  Ally,  and  it  is  as  an  Ally  that  it  must  take 
its  place  on  equal  terms  with  the  other  AUies  at  the  Peace 
Council  which  will  settle  vast  and  vital  world  problems.  In  these 
problems,  in  assuring  the  safety  of  the  world  from  aggression 
and  autoocracy,  and  in  the  establishing  of  liberty  the  world  over, 
America  will  take  its  full  share  of  responsibility  as  an  Ally 
among  Allies. 


ANDREW  DICKSON  WHITE 

We  asked  Dr.  Whiton,  the  author  of  the  following  sketch  of  Dr.  White,  to  prepare  it,  for  two  reasons.  First,  Dr.  Whiton  has  been  for 
many  years  a  member  of  the  8ta£f  of  The  Outlook.  In  point  of  years  he  is  the  oldest  member  of  oar  staff.  In  the  second  place,  Dr. 
Whiton  and  Dr.  White  were  classmates  in  the  famous  class  of  '53  of  Tale  University.  The  class  of  '53  of  Yale  lias  been  a  notable  one  in' 
the  history  of  the  alumni  of  that  University.  All  Yale  athletes  are  especially  interested  in  the  class  of  '53  because  it  got  up  the  first  inter- 
collegiate regatta  in  this  country,  an  enterprise  which  Dr.  Whiton  himself,  who  was  bow  oarsman  of  one  of  the  Yale  crews  on  that  occasion, 
described  in  our  columns  a  few  years  ago.  We  may  perhaps  add  to  what  Dr.  Whiton  has  written  of  Dr.  White  that  it  was  probably  because 
of  the  interest  in  athletics  which  Dr.  White  absorbea  while  an  undergraduate  (for  he  was  a  member  of  the  same  boat  dub  to  which  Dr. 
Whiton  belonged)  that  he,  while  at  the  head  of  affairs  at  Cornell,  was  always  especially  sympathetic  with  the  remarkable  athletic  history 
of  that  University. — ^The  Editors. 

in  American  life."  The  pursuit  of  this  ideal  from  hb  youth  was 
his  distinctive  trait. 

He  visioned  it  when  a  freshman  in  Hobart  College,  Geneva. 
Having  found  in  its  library  a  volume  on  English  universities 
illustrated  with  engravings,  he  began  to  dream  of  a  seat  of 
learning  on  the  finest  of  the  New  York  lakes.  "  This  dream," 
he  said,  "  became  a  sort  of  obsession."  But  his  ideal  was  in  vital 
points  his  own.  Other  studies  than  merely  those  of  Cambridge 
and  Oxford  should  be  provided  for  modem  needs.  More  remark- 
able was  this :  "■  My  university  should  be  under  control  of  no 
single  religious  organization  [as  Hobart  was] ;  it  should  be  free 
from  all  sectarian  or  party  trammels  ;  in  electing  its  trustees  or 
professors  no  questions  should  be  asked  as  to  their  belief  or 

attachment  to  this  or  that  sect  or  party."   Through  years  of 

"■    tifed  DvV     "  ""     "    '" 


A  NOBLE  benefactor  of  our  country,  and  thereby  of  the 
world,  passed  away,  November  5,  when  Andrew  D.  White 
expired  at  Ithaca  two  days  before  his  eighty-seventh 
birthday.  No  man  of  our  time  has  so  distinguished  himself  by 
bigh  efficiency  in  diverse  kinds  of  employment — educational, 
political,  legislative,  diplomatic  —unified  and  inspired  by  one 
purpose,  nnnasting  and  unresting,  to  consecrate  learning  to  the 
lea^lersbip  of  a  purified  and  stable  democracy  in  the  path  of 
national  righteousness  and  international  peace.  "  My  ambition," 
laid  be,  "  whether  I  have  succeeded  or  not,  has  been  to  set 
jTcmng  men  in  trains  of  fruitful  thought,  to  bring  mature  men 
into  we  line  of  right  reason,  and  to  aid  in  devising  and  urging 
needed  reforms,  in  developing  and  supporting  wise  policies,  and 
in  building  np  institutions  which  shall  strengthen  what  is  best 


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strenuous  oonfliot  yntii  political  denufrogues  and  theological  par- 
tisans he  foueht  his  way  to  the  realization  of  that  dream,  and 
to  the  enviabk  distinction  of  being  the  foremost  to  modernize 
the  American  system  of  the  higher  education.  Cornell  Univer- 
sity  is  his  perpetual  memorial  as  snch.  He  said  of  it :  '*  By  the 
.  part  I  have  taken  in  that  more  than  by  any  other  work  of  my 
me  I  hope  to  be  |udeed." 

Entering  political  life  by  Us  election  to  the  Senate  of  New 
York,  he  found  his  opportunity  in  his  fellow-Senator  Ezra 
Cornell,  with  a  different  plan  but  an  open-minded  man.  By  a 
munificent  land-grant  to  every  State  and  Territory,  Congress  had 
virtually  created  a  great  educational  fund.  Cornell  proposed  to 
divide  New  York's  share  of  it  between  two  existing  institutions ; 
White,  to  devote  it  intact  to  a  new  institution  fitted  to  the  needs 
of  the  State  and  the  country.  To  this  he  so  tactfully  converted 
his  colleague  on  the  committee  in  charge  of  the  bill  that  Mr. 
Cornell  not  only  gave  his  support  to  it  but  pledged  to  the  pro- 
posed institution  a  site  and  ¥500,000  in  addition  to  the  land- 
grant  endowment.  Statues  of  its  two  co-creators  as  a  finely 
embodied  spiritual  ideal  face  each  other  in  the  University 
quadrangle,  silently  eloquent  of  our  country's  debt  to  both. 

Dr.  White  had  picked  out  for  its  President  one  whom  he 
deemed  the  fittest.  In  this  he  was  overruled  by  Mr.  Cornell  and 
the  Trustees  at  their  firpt  meeting  in  1865,  and  "  accepted  provi- 
sionally "  the  office,  which  he  hdd  till  his  resignation  in  1885. 

Amid  its  arduous  exactions  he  gave  other  important  ser- 
vices to  the  State.  Besides  the  reforms  he  carried  through  drxt- 
ing  his  four  years  in  the  Senate  he  did  much  to  shape  public 
opmion  by  addresses  in  civic  assemblies  and  attendance  at  party 
conventions.  Whitelaw  Reid,  while  our  Ambassador  at  London, 
said  to  a  Cornell  graduate  that  he  thought  "  Andrew  D.  White 
would  deserve  to  occupy  a  unique  place  in  American  history,  if 
only  because  of  his  singular  capacity  to  impress  on  great  num- 
bers and  various  sorts  of  people  his  lofty  ideals  and  distinctive 
opinions  upon  vital  questions,  so  that  even  they  who  had  been 
hostile  to  wose  views  came,  as  it  were,  spontaneously  to  adopt 
them  as  their  own,  without  knowing  that  uiey  had  gone  through 
the  process  of  being  convinced." 

Graduated  at  Yue  in  1853,  Mr.  White  was  invited  the  next 
year  by  Governor  Thomas  Seymour  to  accompany  him,  then 
appointed  our  Minister  to  Russia,  as  an  attach^  of  his  Lega- 
tion. The  experience  ^acquired  in  1854-5  during  this  novitiate 
eminently  qiudified  him  for  the  important  posts  he  filled  under 
Presidents  Ghrant,  Hayes,  Cleveland,  Harrison,  McKinley,  and 
Roosevelt.  In  1870  he  was  one  of  the  three  Commissioners  sent 
to  Santo  Domingo  to  report  upon  its  proposed  annexation ; 
appointed  in  1879  our  Minister  to  Germany,  he  was  transferred 


in  1892  to  Russia ;  in  1897  appointed  Ambassador  to  Bdii. 
he  resigned  in  1902 'to  avoid  a  breakdown  of  health.  As  fSsi- 
ister  and  Ambassador  Dr.  White  served  longer  at  Berlin  ^ 
any  of  his  predecessors.  Fortunate  it  was  for  both  natiou  tk 
we  had  sncn  a  representative  diere  while  irritation  burned  b 
both  during;  our  quarrel  with  Spain.  In  reporting  the  fareweO 
banquet  given  to  him,  a  Berlin  journal,  '^  Die  Wodie,"  said: 
"  Andrew  D.  YThite,  having  unweariedly  devoted  hinweK  to 
promote  friendship  between  the  two  nations,  had  won  respect 
and  love  in  all  spheres  of  society."  His  appointment  to  the 
Hague  Peace  Conference  in  1899  and  his  beneficent  inflnoicf 
as  president  of  the  American  delegation  fitly  rounded  oat  > 
public  life  devoted  to  promoting  the  public  good  at  home  anil 
abroad. 

"  He  being  dead  yet  speaketh,"  not  only  through  men  and 
women  he  has  inspired  and  trained,  but  by  what  we  may  lam 
"  wisdom  books,"  as  the  Hebrews  termed  Job,  Proverbs,  Eoct 
siastes,  eto.  First  among  them  came  his  "  History  of  the  War- 
fore  of  Science  with  Theology."  This  grew  from  a  book  of  151 
pages  in  1876  to  two  octavo  volumes  in  1896,  together  numbering 
900  pages.  Another  is  his  "  Seven  Great  Statesmen."  Of  oot- 
standing  value  is  his  "  Autobiography."  Written  expressly  for 
his  chilmren  and  grandchildren,  it  has  a  value  for  all  his  oonntrj- 
men  not  surpassed  by  any  other  American  autobiography.  Wkt 
it  teaches  was  well  summarized  in  President  Roosevelt's  letter  to 
Dr.  White  when  resigning  his  post  at  Berlin ;  "  You  have  been 
able  to  serve  your  country  as  it  has  been  served  by  but  a  very 
limited  number  of  people  in  your  generation.  .  .  .  Yoa  hare 
adhered  to  a  lofty  ideal,  and  yet  have  been  absolutely  practical. 
and  therefore  efficient ;  so  that  you  are  a  perpetual  example  to 
young  men  how  *to  avoid  alike  the  Scylla  oi  indifference  and  the 
Charybdis  of  efficiency  for  the  wrong." 

Personally,  Andrew  D.  White  was  characterized  by  un- 
affected modesty,  genial  simplicity,  wide  and  warm  syrapathiee. 
and  hatred  of  all  sham,  unr^Iity,  and  wrong.  Brilliant  in  hit 
conversation,  enriched  with  ample  stores  of  informatioD,  wide 
experience  of  men,  and  sparklmg  with  anecdote  and  homor. 
he  was  above  all  else  thoroughly  lovable.  A  few  years  ago  one 
whom  he  loved,  quoting  a  stanza  of  Tennyson,  applied  it  to 
him  in  antioipaticm  of  vniat  has  now  come  to  pass,  and  wished 
that  he  might  live — 

"  Till  slowly  worn  her  earthly  robe. 
Her  lavish  mission  richly  wroaght, 
Leaving  g^reat  lenpes  of  thoa«it,  , 

Thy  spirit  should  &il  from  off  &e  globe." 

jAM£g  MORRIB   WhITON. 


PREACH  MODESTY 

The  following  stotement  has  come  to  us  in  tlie  form  of  a  letter  from  a  distinguished  American  engineer,  who  has  done  some  notable 
construction  work  in  the  United  States  and  who  has  just  returned  from  France,  where  he  has  seen  more  than  a  year's  service  m  ie 
officer  of  the  American  Army.  The  note  of  wamine  he  sounds  is  timely  and  deserves  attention.  We  know  him  and  assure  oar  readers  thai 
he  ^>eak8  with  responsibUity  and  authority,  although  for  obvious  reasons  his  name  cannot  be  mentioned  here. — The  E^rroBS. 


UNDOUBTEDLY,  when  the  history  of  the  great  war  is 
soberly  analyzed  in  the  future,  one  of  the  primary  ele- 
ments that  caused  the  war  will  be  found  to  be  the  inor- 
dinate conceit  of  the  Germans.  Conceit  and  modesty  are  dia- 
metrically opposite  qualities  of  the  human  mind,  and  where  one 
produces  distrust,  iinhappiness,  and  disgust,  the  other  produces 
confidence,  admiration,  and  decency  in  human  affairs.  America 
is  ccmceded  the  world  over  to  have  a  very  lai^  population  and 
an  abnormal  endowment  of  natural  resources  as  compared  with 
the  balance  of  the  earth  ;  but  since  these  fac-ts  are  conceded,  we 
do  not  need  to  exploit  and  constantly  to  reiterate  them. 

Unfortunately  for  us,  for  many  years  we  have  been  accused 
of  being  a  boastfnl  Nation,  and  in  quite  a  considerable  degree 
we  have  lived  up  to  this  reputation  in  the  present  war  by  mak- 
ing in  different  ways  claims  to  miraculous  achievements  both  at 
home  and  abroad. 

In  America  in  1914  there  was  a  considerable  portion  of  our 
people  who  saw  that  the  world  war  was  of  vital  concern  to 
America,  and  this  minority  was  able  to  lead  a  great  majority 


of  our  people  into  a  realization  that  America  could  not  be 
isolated  by  an  ocean  and  that  America  would  inevitably  oooe 
into  the  conflict  and  thus  take  some  sort  of  a  place  in  i  new 
association  of  nations.  The  question  of  just  what  this  place  wiD 
be  is  one  that  is  uppermost  in  the  minds  of  every  serious-mbdeo 
person.  The  successful  solution  of  this  problem  will  require 
that  all  of  the  premises  that  we  in  America  build  upon  matt 
be  correct  and  not  false,  otherwise  our  position  will  be  a  hin- 
drance instead  of  a  help  proportionate  to  the  amount  of  emr 
there  is  in  our  facts  and  reasoning  thereon.  We  find  ourselves 
associated  with  three  other  Great  Powers — Great  Britain. 
France,  and  Italy — and  manifestly  our  first  duty  with  the* 
associates  should  be  to  show  to  them  that  we  have  a  oorrert 
estimate  as  to  the  amount  of  their  contribution  and  our  oontn- 
bution  to  victory.  If  we  take  a  position  with  our  associates  tha! 
is  out  of  harmony  with  the  respective  contributions  in  tl>e<«*- 
flict,  we  shall  not  only  fail  to  maintain  the  respect  of  the;* 
wonderful  people,  but  we  shall  deeply  offend  them  and  lo- 
their  friendship.   The  consequences  of  such  &  loss  would  be  * 

■  Digitized  by  VJWVJV  IV^ 


1918 


THE    OUTLOOK 


451 


aremendons  injury  not  only  to  ourselves  but  to  the  world  in 
reneraL 

It  has  been  apparent  for  some  time  to  thoughtful  observers 
who  have  been  m  Franoe  for  any  oonsidenuble  period  that 
Jie  readers  of  American  newspapers  and  magazines  were 
lebg  given  a  magnified  idea  of  the  actual  aooomplishments  of 
Jie  American  Expeditionary  Forces  in  Franoe.  American  peo- 
^e  have  been  given  to  understand  that  on  the  engineering 
lide,  for  instance,  great  engineering  achievements  have  been 
icooraplished  in  France,  andthat these  achievements  are  proper 
'oundation  for  abnormal  pride  both  at  home  and  abroad,  and 
liat  our  French  and  British  associates  have  been  astonished  at 
mr  eng^eering  work.  Statements  have  be«i  made  to  the 
imerican  people  through  the  press  and  by  word  of  month  that 
\t  least  (me,  sometimes  it  is  said  to  be  two,  doable-iradc  railwa3r8 
isve  been  built  from  the  coast  to  the  front ;  and  yet  the  fact  is 
hat  no  such  construction  has  ever  been  started.  When  the  war 
B  over  and  the  extent  of  our  engineering  construction  is 
ictuallv  seen,  it  wiU  be  found  that  the  amount  or  character 
hereof  is  no  adequate  foundation  for  unusual  home  pride  or 
Kiastfulness. 

The  foregoing  statements  are  not  in  any  sense  a  criticism  of 
^erican  engineers,  of  their  patriotism  or  of  their  ability. 
[he  simple  ucts  are  that  they  were  not  called  upon  to  do 
in3rthing  heroic  or  unusual,  and  those  who  know  are  aware 
hat  the  greatest  engineering  achievements  on  the  other  side  in 
he  war  have  been  accomplished  by  the  French  and  British. 

On  the  question  of  our  pai*ticipation  in  the  fighting  it  is  illo- 
linating  to  compare  our  casualty  lists  with  those  of  t£e  British, 
''renbh,  Belgian,  Russian,  and  Italian  armies.  [Allowance, 
lowever,  should  be  made  in  looking  at  these  percentages 
Dr  the  comparatively  short  time  during  which  American  forces 
rere  on  the  fi^^hting  front  and  ior  their  small  number  during 
inch  of  that  tmie. — Thk  Editors.]  Such  a  comparison  wifl 
bow  that  the  number  of  our  dead  and  wounded  is  less  than 
wo  per  cent  of  the  total  sacrifices  made  by  our  Allies.  It  is  a 
latter  of  history  that  during  the  last  four  years  the  French 
nd  British  casualties  have  more  than  once  been  greater  in  one 
reek  tlian  we  have  had  to  suffer  for  the  entire  war.  It  is  well 
nown  in  France  that  General  Pershiug  and  many  other  of  the 


best  men  under  hita  are  doing  everjrthing  they  can  to  keep  our 
people  at  home  from  a  boastful  spirit  and  to  have  a  modest  view 
previul  of  what  has  been  accomplished  by  the  American  Army 
m  Franoe. 

We  should  be  over-generous  in  our  allotment  of  credit  to 
the  Allies,  and  we  can  afford  to  be  ultra-modest  in  all  our 
speech  and  actions  with  these  nations  who  have  suffered  to 
a  degree  hitherto  unknown  in  history.  We  oan  take  this 
modest  view  without  in  any  way  minimizing  the  importance  of 
what  we  have  done.  Let  our  Allies  do  the  praising;  and  the 
Lord  knows  they  will  be  grateful  and  generous.  That  our  sol- 
diers have  shown  a  bravery  second  to  none  we  can  have  a  justi- 
fied pride  in,  and  that  there.hafa  been  splendid,  discipline  in  the 
American  Army  in  France,  and. -that  America  cbiild  have  done 
vastly  more  thim  it  did  do  if  it  had  not  been  deprived  of  the 
ability  to  make  a  better  showing  by .  our  ignorance  of  the  war 
game  and  by  our  pitiful  unpreparedness,  are  ctrndiuaions  that 
we  should  intelligendy  give  study  to-  in  the  future. 

Deep  down  in  their  hearts  the  Allieis  will  always  feel  that  we 
were  fnghtfully  slow  in  realizing  our  indebtedness  to  them.  We 
can  go  a  long  way  in  earning  their  forgiveness-  for  our  taitly 
entry  by  adding  to  what  we  have  ajr^dy  done  a  great,  big- 
hearted,  modest,  wise  assistance  throughout  the  long  reconstmo-. 
tion  period  that  must  now  slowly  h^  the  war  wounds  every-; 
where  in  England  and  on  the  Continent.  We  are  entitled  to 
the  great  consolation  that  if  we  had  not  entered  the  war  in[ 
1917,  and  thus  given  the  Allies  our  support,  the  Allies'  and  our 
cause  would  have  been  lost.  Similarly  we  are  entitled  to 
pride  in  the  fact  that  at  Chateau  Thierry  and  other  places 
where  our  men  were  given  an  opportunibr  they  were  as 
good  fighters  as  oould  be  found  anywhere.  Our  allies  every-' 
where  admit  that  this  demonstration  restiffened  the  spirit 
of  the  Freneh,  British,  and  Italian  armies,  so  enabling  the 
Allies  under  the  directicm  of  General  Fooh  to  go  forward  and 
crush  the  Grermans.  But  our  actual  partidpation  in  the  final 
struggle  was  relatively  too  small  to  justify  someof  the-over-^ 
statements  that  have  been  made  to  the  American  people  through 
the  American  press.  I  hope  The  Outlook  will  preach  modesty 
as  a  prerequisite  for  our  effective  service  in  the  Work  of  recon- 
struction. 


THE  PATRIOTISM  OF  THE  NEGRO  CITIZEN 

In  articles  and  by  editorial  report  and  comment,  The  Outlook  has  told  of  the  patriotism  and  service  of  tlte  Negro  i^  a  soldier ;  notably. 
I  thff  article  about  "  The  Buffaloes,"  the  first-class  colored  fighting  reg^ent  (367 th  Infantry).  It  is  eqoalfy  true  that  the  Negro  has  sup- 
Nted  the  war  as  a  citizen  and  as  a  contributor  to  relief  funds  and  subscriber  to  loans.  The  two  articles  wnicb  follow  give  interesting  eridence 
'  this  £act.— The  Editobs. 

I-FIFTY  THOUSAND  AND  FIFTY  MILLION 

A    LIBERTY    LOAN    SKETCH 

BY   ROBERT  R.  MOTON 

PRINCIPAL  OF  TDSKEGEE  INSTITUTE 


"  I'm  sometimes  np, 
I'm  sometimes  down. 
Oh,  yes,  Lord. 

I'm  sometimes  almost  level  with  the  ground. 
Oh,  yes,  Lord." 

PHGSE  are  some  lines  from  a  famous  Negro  folk  song 
wbloh  we  sometimes  sing  when  in  a  somewhat  despondent 
mood.  These  lines  frequently  express,  even  now,  the  emo- 
mit  of  my  race,  and,  I  suspect,  often  of  some  white  people  too. 
I  atteoded  a  very  signifi^cant  gathering  of  somethmg  like  a 
ouaand  men,  under  the  auspices  of  the  Fifth  Avenue  Associa- 
m,  at  the  Waldorf  Astoria,  in  New  York  City,  Monday,  October 
-  The  gathering  was  a  diplomatic  luncheon.  The  object  was 
sell  twenty-two  million  dollars'  worth  of  Liberty  Bonds.  The 
i«ting  was  presided  over  by  a  master  of  business  as  well  as  a 
inter  of  men,  and  one  who  represents  the  highest  ideals  of  Amer- 
m  dtizenship,  Mr.  Charles  M.  Schwab,  whom  President  Wilson, 
th  bis  nsnal  rare  foresight,  placed  at  the  head  of  the  United 


States  Shipping  Board.  In  a  simple^  direct,  brief,  yet  forceful 
address,  Mr.  Schwab  stated  the  object  of  the  meeting ;  told  of 
the  work  the  Shipping  Board  had  done,  described  how  Ameri- 
can labor  as  well  as  capital  had  combined  in  ship-building  to 
the  extent  that  the  submarine  had  been  practically  put  out  of 
business,  speaking  in  a  way  to  bring  that  audience  of  dignified 
bankers,  merchants,  etc.,  to  its  feet  with  such' cheers  and  enthu- 
siasm as  one  seld<nn  witnesses  except  perhaps  at  a  ooll^  foot- 
ball game.  It  was  an  orderly  disorderly  crowd.  Mr.  Schwab 
said,  among  other  things :  '^  We  have  entered  upon  a  social 
war,  in  which  the  aristocracy  of  the  future  will  be  men  who 
have  done  something  for  humanity  and  for  their  nations.  There 
wiU  be  no  rich  or  poor  classes.  The  rich  men  are  learning  this 
— and  I  am  a  rich  man,  I'm  told.  But  there  has  never  been  a 
time  in  my  life  that  1  had  the  sense  of  possession  or  that  my 
ri(;hes  gave  me  any  happiness.  It  is  the  doing  of  something 
useful  uat  has  made  me  nappy."  In  about  an  hour  that  audi- 
ence subscribed  fifty-two  million  dollars  in  Liberty  Bonds,  and 

Digitized  by  VJWVJV  IV^ 


452 


THE  OUTLOOK 


20  NoTemiwr 


then  the  meeting  adjoomed  to  permit  those  present  to  attend 
the  htnnching  of  two  ships. 

I  left  the  magnificence  of  the  hotel  and  the  enthusiasm  of  the 
party,  feeling  proud  of  my  country  and  proud  of  my  citizenship 
therein.  That  was  one  of  the  times  when,  in  the  words  of  the 
son^,  I  felt  that  I  was  "  np." 

As  I  walked  down  Thirty-fourth  Street  towards  Broadway 
and  Sixth  Avenue,  unconscious  of  the  noonday  crowd  which 
was  surging  past  me,  I  remembered  that  I  was  to  participate  in 
another  Liberty  Loan  meeting  the  next  day,  among  my  humble, 
£ar-from-wealthy,  and  yet  reasonably  comfortable,  but  neverthe- 
less patriotic  people.  I  suspected  that  at  the  Liberty  Loan 
meeting  in  Harlem  there  would  be  present  perhaps  three  or 
four  thousand  of  my  own  race,  and  I  wondered  if  in  two  hours 
four  thousand  of  my  people  in  New  York  could  raise  ten  thou- 
sand dollars.  I  hopied  they  would  raise  fifty-two  thousand — a 
thousand  for  each  million  raised  by  the  leading  business  men 
and  the  real  captains  of  American  industry  at  the  Waldorf.  I 
felt  reasonably  sure  that  they  could  not  raise  $52,000  in  one 
meeting.  This  was  one  of  the  times  when  I  was  "  down  "  in  my 
spirits  and  "almost  level  with  the  groimd." 

According  to  arrangements  made  by  an  excellent  committee 
composed  of  both  white  and  colored  people,  a  great  audience  of 
hhux  people,  with  perhaps  a  htmdred  white  people,  assembled 
the  next  evening  at  the  Palace  Casino  in  Harlem.  A  parade  of 
the  Fifteenth  Regiment  of  the  New  York  State  Guard,  under 
Colonel  William  Jay  Schieffelin,  preceded  tlie  meeting. 

I  do  not  know  how  many  people  were  present;  no  one 
knows — some  said  three  thousand,  others  said  five  thousand  ; 
this  we  are  sure  of,  the  hall  was  filled  to  its  capacity.  That  was 
also  an  orderly  disorderly  crowd.  The  presiding  officer.  Colonel 
Schieffelin,  was  fittingly  introduced  by  Mr.  tfohn  E.  Nail,  a 
successful  Negro  real  estate  dealer  in  Harlem,  who  in  turn,  in 
a  short  but  effective  address,  outlined  the  object  of  the  meeting. 
There  were  several  other  very  brief  and  telling  addresses,  by 
Mr.  James  W.  Johnson,  contributing  editor  of  the  New  York 
"  Age ;"  by  Mr.  J.  F.  Leech,  of  the  New  York  Liberty  Loan 
Committee ;  and  by  Captain  Marcel  Knecht,  who  served  two 
years  with  the  French  army,  after  which  he  came  over  with  the 
French  High  Commission.  The  Principal  of  Tuskegee  Institute 
also  spoke. 

In  a  comparatively  short  while,  amid  as  much  enthusiasm 
and  patriotism  per  individual  and  as  much  of  genuine  American 
spirit,  expressed  ^rhaps  differently,  and  with  as  much  disorderly 
order  as  I  had  witnessed  a  few  hours  before  at  tixe  Waldorf, 
sixty  thousand  dollars  in  Liberty  Bonds  had  been  subscribed 
for  by  that  audience.    Then  I  was  neither  "  up  "  nor  "  down." 

I  asked  myself,  "  What  is  sixty  thousand  dollars  against  fifty 
million  ?"  But  then  when  I  looked  over  the  audience  I  shared 
the  irresistible  enthusiasm  of  the  true  Americanism  which 
manifested  itself  by  that  throng  of  people.  And  when  I  thought 
of  the  love  and  devotion  of  that  audience  and  the  millions 
whom  they  represent,  and  as  I  remembered  how  the  mention  of 
the  Hag  and  loyalty,  and  President  Wilson,  and  our  boys  in 
France,   white  and   black,  and   General   Foch   and   Genend 


Pershing,  brought  that  mass  of  humanity  to  its  feet ;  and  when 
I  thought  of  the  yearnings  and  longings  and  strivings  of  that 
avdienoe  for  right  and  justice  ;  and  the  efforts  they  and  their 
brethren  North  and  South  we  makings  in  schools,  on  the  farms, 
in  shops,  in  factories,  in  domestic  service ;  and  of  the  increasing 
sympathy  and  co-operation  they  are  receiving  from  their  irhTtc 
friends  of  boti>  sections  to  fit  tiiem  for  democracy ;  and  as  a 
black  man,  yearning  and  struggling  with  them  for  idl  that  n 
true,  for  all  that  is  best  and  noblest  in  American  civilization, 
and  knowing  how  sincere  they  were  in  their  desire  for  the  real 
freedom  of  all  humanity  and  the  ultimate  triumph  of  right,  mv 
pride  in  my  race  was.  again  deepened. 

That  was  one  of  the  moments  when  I  was  "  up  " — "  away  up  ~ 
—because  I  knew  thaMbe  audience,  composed  of  the  rank  and  file 
of  the  laboring  peopjbj  of  my  race,  out  of  their  devotion  ami 

ritriotism  had  been  ancesponsive  as  the  million-dollar  andienn-. 
realized  fully  that  MBty  thousand  dollars  from  that  audimn- 
meant  as  much  in  devotion  and  in  loyalty  to  the  Old  Flag 
as  the  fifty-two  millions  taken  at  the  Waldorf  represented.  The 
magnificent  gathering  at  the  Waldorf  of  some  of  AmericaV 
greatest  captains  of  industry  and  finance,  out  of  their  abundance 
and  with  true  American  spirit,  did  their  best ;  the  significant 
gathering  at  the  Palace  Casino,  not  of  captains  of  industry  or 
masters  of  finance,  but  largely  of  laborers  and  representatiT«« 
of  a  cramped  and  as  yet  more  or  less  poverty-stricken  people. 
did  their  best,  and  I  knew  that  both  groups,  one  white,  onr 
black,  were  yearning  for  the  triumph  of  human  rights  and  the 
crushing  forever  of  autocracy  and  all  of  the  representatives  of 
inhumanity  wherever  found. 

And  then  when  I  thought  of  how  our  Tuskegee  teachers, 
out  of  their  all  too  meager  salaries,  had  subscribed  twelve  tiion- 
sand  dollars  to  the  Fourth  Liberty  Loan,  and  how  a  few  of  ib 
from  Tuskegee  went  out  on  a  Sunday  afternoon  during  the 
drive  to  several  of  the  gatherings  and  church  services  of  the 
colored  ^rmers  in  our  own  county  here  in  Alabama,  and  bov 
readily  these  humble  people  in  true  American  fashion  had  sol>- 
scribed  for  seven  thousand  dollars'  worth  of  bonds,  their  spirit, 
while  not  exactiy  of  almsgiving,  reminded  me  of  the  sentiment 
in  that  beautiful  passage  of  Lowell's, 

"  Not  what  we  give,  but  what  we  share, 
For  the  giver  without  the  gift  is  bare  ; 
Who  gives  himself  with  bis  alms  feeds  three, 
Himself,  his  hungering  neighbor,  and  Me." 

I  could  not  but  feel  that  my  pem>le  by  their  contribution,  titeir 
loyalty,  and  their  spirit  along  ^1  lines,  realized  fully  that  thev 
are  heirs  of  America,  and  that  as  such  they  must  be  sharers  of 
her  struggles  as  well  as  partakers  of  her  glory. 

The  fine  spirit  of  Northern  and  Southern  people,  of  whitr 
and  colored  people,  infused  me  with  new  life,  gave  birth  to  new 
hope  for  my  country's  ultimate  triumph  and  glory ;  and  I  waii 
able  to  look  into  the  future  and  behold  the  great  opportnni- 
ties  of  America,  united  on  essentials  of  justice  and  human 
brotherhood,  and  I  was  still  exceedingly  glad  to  be  a  Neobo 
American. 


II-HOW  THE  SOUTHERN  NEGRO  IS  SUPPORTING  THE  GOVERNMENT 


BY   KATE    M.  HERRING 

DIRECTOR  OF  PUBLICITY.  NORTH   CAROLINA  WAR  SAVIKCS  COMMITTEE 


WHAT  to  do  with  the  N^ro  in  the  War  Savings  Cam- 
paign was  one  of  the  most  puzzling  questions  that  con- 
fronted the  National  Committee.  The  proposition  to 
apportion  to  each  State  its  allotment  of  War  Savings  Certifi- 
cates on  the  basis  of  twenty  dollars  per  capita  was  earnestly 
objected  to  by  representatives  from  the  South.  They  claimed  that 
this  method  of  determining  the  quotas  was  inequitable  to  the 
South  for  the  reason  that  a  large  part  of  its  population  consists 
of  N^^roes,  and  that  they  cannot  buy  an  average  of  twenty  dollars 
per  capita  of  War  Savings  Certificates.  They  urged  the  Com- 
mittee to  put  the  apjportionment  upon  some  other  basis  than 
population.  But  the  Committee  was  obdurate  and  held  the  South 
to  the  same  basis  of  apportionment  as  other  sections. 

When  the  National  War  Savings  Committee  saw  fit  not  to 


make  the  Negro  an  issue  or  an  exceptitm  in  the  War  S«vii^ 
Campaign,  but  to  consider  him  an  American  citizen  with  i^ 
sponsibuities  the  same  as  other  citizens,  all  the  States  of  the 
South,  except;  South  Carolina,  proceeded  with  their  campaipa. 
alt(^ether  ignoring  race.  South  Carolina,  however,  made  • 
reapportionment  of  her  quota,assigning  to  the  N^roes  only  twv 
dollars  per  capita  and  to  the  white  pe^e  enough  over  tweaty 
dollars  to  make  up  the  balance.  North  Carolina  made  no  distiiv- 
tion  between  the  races,  expecting  Negroes  to  invest  tw^ity  d<Jl»t» 
per  capita  in  War  Savings  Certificates  the  same  as  white  people- 
One  of  the  first  things  to  be  attempted  by  the  North  (W- 
lina  War  Savings  C(Hnmittee  was  to  plan  for  the  colored  people- 
The  State  Director  asked  each  of  fab  county  chairmen  feo  mo' 
the  most  representative  and  influential  Negro  in  his  county  ti< 
Digitized  by  Va\^»^V  IV^ 


1918 


THE  OUTLOOK 


453 


be  called  to  a  conference  to  make  plans  for  promoting  the  War 
Savings  Campaign  among  the  Negroes.  As  a  result  of  this  con- 
ference the  State  was  divided  into  ten  dittrictB,  in  each  of 
which  a  leading  Negro  was  appointed  supen^isor  of  the  War 
Savings  activities.  In  addition  to  this,  separate  War  Savings 
beadquarters  for  the  colored  people,  with  a  capable  colore<l  man 
\g  executive  secretary,  were  established.  This  office  has  been  in 
slose  touch  with  and  operated  imder  the  supervision  of  State 
leadmiarters  for  the  white  people.  ^ 

In  ^orth  Carolina  very  much  the  same  edl|cational  work  has 
jeen  done  for  th«  Negroes  as  for  the  whites.  The  colored  War 
savings  Committee  considered  that  the  greatest  need  of  the 
wlored  people  was  to  be  informed  both  as  to  what  War  Savings 
lecnrities  were  and  what  they  as  patriotic  citizens  should  do 
kbout  them.  One  of  tbe  first  efforts  of  the  Committee  to  educate 
lieir  people  in  thrift  as  well  as  patriotism  was  to  issue  the  fol- 
owine  leaflet : 

TO  THE  COLORED  PEOPLE  OF  NORTH  CAROLINA— GREETING 

Our  interests  are  collective,  but  they  are  also  racial  and  indi- 
TtdaaL  They  are  indissolubly  wrapped  up  in  the  issues  of  the 
war.  If  the  United  States  and  her  allies  win,  it  will  be,  in  an 
important  sense,  our  victory,  and  will  herald  the  dawn  of  a  new 
day.  If  the  enemy  win,  it  will  be,  in  a  vital  sense,  our  loss,  and 
will  betoken  the  approach  of  another  long  night  of  gloom. 

Yon  must  see  this  matter  from  the  point  of  view  that  your 
individual,  personal  attitude  and  activity  must  and  will  help  to 
win  this  war,  or  lose  it.  You  cannot  be  neutral  1  Tou  can- 
not say  as  Pilate:  "I  wash  my  hands  of  this  matter."  To 
ajwmne  an  attitude  of  indifference  or  even  of  passive  sympathy 
is  to  give  comfort  and  help  to  the  enemy.  "  He  that  is  not  fob 

08  IS  AGAINST  US  !" 

HOW  YOU   CAN  HELP 

1.  Conserve  speech.  Be  careful  to  utter  no  word  calculated 
to  beget  mischief. 

2.  Conserve  food.  Waste  no  flour,  sugar,  meat,  or  other 
staples. 

3.  Conserve  fuel.  Bum  no  more  wood,  coal,  gas,  or  oil  than 
comfort  and  safety  require. 

4.  Conserve  time  and  energy.  Find  some  useful,  gainful 
employment.  Do  some  constructive  work  putting  in  full 
time. 

'  5.  Conserve  money.  Save  every  penny  of  your  money  and  buy 
Thrift  and  War  Savings  Stamps.  -By  so  doing  you  will 
develop  self-reliance,  independent  manhood  and  woman- 
hood, and  become  a  creditor  to  the  Government.  Tou  will 
fire  a  deadly  missile  at  the  enemy. 

Your  Thrift  and  War  Savings  Stamps  are  the  best  invest- 
ment in  the  world.  They  are  mortgages  on.the  United  States  of 
America.  They  are  tangible  evidence  of  your  loyalty.  Tliey 
insure  the  success  of  our  Army. 

Our  fathers  left  us  a  proud  heritage  of  faithfulness,  patriot- 
ism, and  valor,  but  for  the  first  time  in  our  history  we  are  called 
upon  to  help  furnish  the  sinews  of  war.  Shall  we  be  less  faith- 
ful, patriotic,  and  valorous  ?  A  thousand  times,  No ! 

Patriotic  meetings  oi  colored  people  have  been  held  in  their 
>bools,  churches,  and  community  centers,  at  which  War  Sav- 
igB  speeches  were  made  by  both  white  and  colored  field  workers. 
k  ar  Savings  Sodeties  have  been  organized  in  their  day  schools, 
nnday  schools,  churches,  lodges,  and  working  places  the  same 
I  among  white  people.  In  fact,  the  first  War  Savings  Society 
rganized  in  the  State  was  among  colored,  people.  This  was  the 
\  arren  Place  War  Savings  Society,  at  Pendleton,  Northampton 
ounty,  and  was  composed  of  the  tenants  of  the  Warren  plan- 
^on.  The  President  and  moving  spirit  of  this  organization  is 
J.  J.  Lassiter,  a  N^ro  tenant,  who  subscribed  |i200  to  the  War 
Brings  Campaign  and  who  has  already  bought  that  amount. 

Few  white  citizens  of  the.  State  have  given  more  liberally  of 
leir  time  and  money  than  a  score  or  more  of  loyal  colore<l  citi- 
318.  Neg^  educators,  ministers,  and  business  men  of  ability 
kve  labored  unceasingly  and  without  remuneration  to  arouse 
leir  people  to  a  full  sense  of  their  full  duty  toward  the  Gov- 
nment's  requests  and  to  their  rcsponsibihties  as  American 
tizens.  Prcmiinent  among  those  who  have  labored  most  faith- 
illy  to  carry  the  gospel  of  thrift  and  patriotism  to  the  people 
'  their  race,  even  in  the  remote  comers  of  the  State,  are :  Dr. 
.  B.  McCrary,  a  leading  business  man  of  his  race  and  Chair- 
an  of  the  Colored  War  Savings  Committee ;  S.  G.  Atkins, 
rincipal   of  the  Slater  Normal  School,  Winston-Salem,  and 


Executive  Secretary  oi  tne  Colored  War  Savings  Committee ; 
C.  S.  Brovra,  Principal  of  the  Watters  Normal  School,  Wintou ; 
T.  S.  Inborden,  Principal  of  the  Bricks  School,  Enfield ;  Bishop 
G.  W.  Clinton,  A.  M.  E.  Church,  Charlotte ;  H.  L.  McCrbry, 
W.  H.  Coler,  Colonel  James  H.  Young,  John  Merrick,  E.  G. 
Storey,  S.  H.  Vick,  and  C.  M.  Epps — men  of  prominence  and 
abili^. 

Colored  people  have  considered  and  accepted  the  calls  that 
have  come  to  them  in  the  War  Savings  Campaign  as  privil^es 
of  service  and  as  a  direct  summons  from  the  Government,  llie 

?uick  and  wholo-hearted  response  made  by  the  Neeroes  of 
rreene  County  in  the  pledge  drive  of  June  23-28  illustrates 
this  fact. 

Early  one  morning  in  June  Ambrose  Best  was  notified  that 
he  had  been  appointed  chairman  of  an  adjoining  tovimship  to 
raise  the  War  Savings  quota  of  the  colored  people  of  the  town- 
ship in  pledges.  On  receiving  his  summons  he  left  his  mule  and 
plow  in  the  field  in  the  hands  of  his  young  son,  and  went  afoot 
over  into  the  township  assigned  to  him.  Before  sunset  he  had 
visited  every  colored  person's  home  and  actually  had  secured 
an  over-subscription  of  his  allotment. 

Jesse  Williams  was  another  colored  township  chairman  of 
Greene  County  who  on  Jime  28  was  not  found  deserting  his 
post.  He  arranged  for  a  schoolhouse  meeting  Friday  night,  and 
kept  his  audience  until  three  o'clock  in  the  morning  signing 
War  Savings  pledges.  As  a  result  of  his  energy  and  enthusiasm 
he  raised  his  War  Savings  quota  in  pledgees  three  times  over. 

As  a  restdt  of  all  these  activities  of  the  colored  people  in  the 
War  Savings  Campaign,  the  records  show  that  they  have  bought 
and  have  pledged  to  buy  War  Savings  Stamps  far  more  exten- 
sively in  comparison  with  their  ability  than  the  white  people. 

From  inquiries  made  of  War  Savings  directors  of  other 
Southern  States,  it  appears  that  their  experience  with  the 
N^ro  has  been  not  unlike  North  Carolina's.  Florida  reports 
that  the  ten  coimties  in  that  State  making  the  best  showing  in 
the  War  Savings  pledge  drive  in  Jime  had  from  forty  to  fifty 
per  cent  colored  population,  and  that  the  ten  counties  making 
the  poorest  showini^  had  from  thirty  to  forty  per  cent  colored 
population.  Mississippi  reported  that  the  Negroes  of  that  State 
have  given  a  support  to  the  campaign  that  in  proportion  to  their 
means  equaled  or  surpassed  that  of  the  white  people.  Unofficial 
re^rts  nrom  other  Southern  States  show  that  the  record  of  the 
Negro,  in  the  loyal  support  he  has  given  the  War  Savings  Cam- 
paign, has  been  extremely  gratifying.  Apparently  the  misgiving 
m  £e  beginning  lest  the  Negro  woiud  handicap  the  directors  of 
the  Southern  States  in  raising  their  quotas  on  a  basis  of  popula- 
tion was  unfounded.  On  the  contrary,  it  would  seem  that  the 
loyal  support  of  theNeg^  has  more  than  made  up  for  his  poverty. 

In  justice  to  the  Negro  as  well  as  to  enthusiastic  War  Savings 
workers,  particularly  pledge  canvassers,  it  can  be  and  should 
be  said  that  the  spirit  to  coerce  the  Negro  into  buying  and 
subscribing  for  War  Savings  Stamps  has  not  existed,  not  even 
in  individual  cases,  in  North  Carolina.  No  threats,  scares,  or 
other  means  of  intimidation  have  been  used  to  make  him  pledge 
or  buy  either  in  keeping  with  or  beyond  his  ability.  On  the 
other  hand,  wherever  the  Negro  has  been  informed  as  to  his 
duty  as  a  patriotic  American  citizen,  regardless  of  other  calls,  he 
has  responded  most  liberally  and  cheerfully.  It  has  been  a 
noticeable  fact  that  he  responded  most  readuy  to  the  patriotic 
appeal.  The  plea  that  Uncle  Sam  needed  him  to  uphold  his 
hands  while  he  delivered  the  blow  that  would  crush  the  Him 
was  argument  enough  for  him.  The  plea  thtit  War  Savings 
Stamps  are  a  good  investment,  that  they  bear  four  per  cent 
compound  interest  and  are  non-taxable,  meant  ^ot  half  so  much 
to  the  average  Negro  as  the  fact  that  Uncle  Sam  and  the  boys 
at  the  front  needed  him  and  his  money  to  drive  back  the  Ger- 
mans across  the  Rhine  and  to  make  the  worl4  safe  for  women 
and  children.  ' 

But  the  real  explanation  of  the  Negro's  oo-operation  and 
success  in  the  War  Savings  Campaign  in  North  Carolina  lies  in 
the  fact  that  he  has  been  recognized  as  an  American  citizen  and 
given  responsibilities  the  same  as  white  men.  Moreover,  he  has 
been  macle  to  realize  the  opportunities  that  h^ve  come  to  him 
through  this  call  of  the  Government,  and,  like  ^  the  oolore<l  sol- 
dier at  the  front,  he  has  responded  in  a  spirit  of  service  aiul 
sacrifice  that  marks  him  a  worthy  patriot. 


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THE  FIDDLER  OF  BERLIN 

BY    HERMANN    HAGEDORN 

**  Artd  there  eame  a  Fiddler,  whoie  name  was  Truth  " 

Ni§^i,  and  a  Vlads.  pidl  over  the  (oty. 

Mist,  and  ike  wind's  cry,  shrill  and  thin — 
"Who  ia  he  who  goes  in  pity 

With  his  fiddle  under  his  olun  ? 
His  brow  is  grave,  his  eyes  are  stem, 

A  slow  dawn  wreathes  his  hair. 
And  the  music  he  makes  shivers  and  shakes 
Like  hands  the  high  windows  where  misery  wakes. 
And,  faint  as  breath  on  a  bubble,  breaks 

The  dying  lamp  on  the  stair. 

Winds,  and  blown  fogs  over  the  city. 

Lo,  the  white-faoed,  huddled  throng ! 
Who  is  he  who  goes  in  pity. 

Fiddling  his  terrible  song  ? 
The  babes  in  their  mothers'  arms 

Hear  it,  wide-eyed ; 
And  the  children  oome  in  swarms 

And  run  at  his  side, 
Hearing  the  silken,  sad  refrain 
Of  the  fiddler's  magical,  tragical  strain. 
Warm  as  the  wind  and  soft  as  the  rain 

And  terrible  as  the  tide. 

Out  of  the  houses  the  women  come. 

Mothers  and  daughters  and  wives. 
From  loving  and  remembering  numb, 
Wiiite  through  the  night,  the  women  come, 

Bearing  the  shards  of  their  lives. 
Lo,  the  fiddler  plays  his  song 

Of  madness  and  defeat. 
And  out  of  the  houses  the  women  throng 

And  follow  him  down  the  street. 

And  the  dead,  the  dead  arise  and  come ! 

Pallid  from  burden-bearing 
The  sons  of  the  dnun  from  slumber  come 

With  eyes  like  torches  flaring. 
From  their  gory  bed  the  battle-dead 

Rise  up,  resolved  and  strong. 
And  follow  the  shimmering,  glimmering  thread 

Of  the  fiddler's  terrible  song. 

The  childreu  moan,  the  women  cry. 

The  ghosts  wail  like  the  wind. 
But  the  fiddler's  «ye  is  fixed  on  high 

And  he  heeds  not  the  host  behind. 
But  loud  as  the  roaring  tide  in  flood 
He  plays  his  terrible  chant  of  God. 
And  the  houses  crumble  and  fall, 

And  the  steeples  reel  like  ships, 
And  the  rvders  rush  from  the  council-hall 

With  wild  cries  on  their  lips. 
Lo,  the  fiddler  plays  his  high  refrain 
Over  and  over  and  over  again  .  .  . 

But  the  rulers  and  their  boasts 

Are  trampled  under  the  feet  of  his  hosts, — 

The  feet  of  fatherless  children. 
And  broken  women,  and  ghosts. 


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WHY  THE  GERMANS  HAVE  DEEMED  THEMSELVES 

SUPERIOR 

BY  JOSEPH  JASTROW 

PBOFESSOB  or   PSTCBOLOGT  IN   THE    UNIVEKSITY  OF  WISCONSIN 


ri£  readiness  of  the  German  mind  to  be  fascinated  by 
imposing  theory  and  its  training  in  patient  ehiboration 
of  detail  make  common  cause  with  the  propagandist  spirit 
which  has  infected  Teutonized  scholars,  duiline  their  insight 
and  distorting  their  conclusions.  The  claims  of  uie  super-nation 
mnsthettnssenachaMich  established.  That  Deutschland is  iAer 
allea  must  be  elaborately  deduced  from  the  laws  of  human 
nature  and  the  lessons  of  history.  The  backbone  of  the  Grerman 
pretensions,  the  prop  of  the  pan-German  ambitions,  is  the  doc- 
trine of  Teutonic  superiority.  Btelief  in  German  superiority  in 
the  form  of  Mtusensuggestion — as  they  call  the  mote  which 
they  discover  in  their  neighbors'  vision,  insensitive  of  their  own 
obscuring  beam — is  the  dominant  delusion  of  Mania  Teutonica} 
This  strange  doctrine  has  a  strange  history.  Originating  in 
Fiance,  where  the  Crallic  good  sense  gave  it  slight  attention,  it 
was  resurrected  a  generation  later  and  enshrined  by  German 
propagandists.  Joseph  Arthur,  C!ount  Gobineau,  at  the  age  of 
thirty-seven,  wrote  a  four-volume  "Essay  on  the  Inequality  of 
Human  Races  "  (1868-5).  The  thesis  of  racial  superiority,  aris- 
tocratically applied,  became  the  dominant  theme  of  his  phi- 
losophy and  his  career,  the  two  combining  in  a  dramatic  climax. 
A  French  critic  calls  him  "  an  enthusiastic,  creative,  aristocratic 
rebel ;"  as  such  he  lived  with  a  quixotic  consistency  and  died  in 
1882,  known  only  to  a  small  though  influential  oirde,  old,  em- 
bittered, and  despondent,  at  the  age  of  sixty-six,  and  in  bUssfnl 
ignorance  of  tiie  use  to  which  his  legacy  was  to  be  put  in  incit- 
ing the  world  catastrophe  of  1914. 

Strangely  enough,  it  was  de  Tooqueville,  tiie  pioneer  inter- 
preter of  American  democracy  in  Europe,  who  launched  the 
brilliant,  scholarly,  and  versatile  young  aristocrat  upon  a  diplo- 
matic career  by  making  him  his  chief  of  staff  when,  in  1848,  he 
became  Minister  of  Foreign  AfEairs.  After  holding  minor  posi- 
tions at  Berne,  Hanover,  and  Frankfort,  Gobineau  went  in 
1853  as  Secretary,  and  again  in  1861  as  Minister,  to  Persia. 
Gobineau's  sustained  interest  was  in  Oriental  language,  history, 
and  culture.  He  wrote  "  Three  Years  in  Asia,"  *'  Ihe  Religions 
and  Philosophies  of  Central  Asia,"  "History  of  Persia^" 
"  Asiatic  Novels."  In  1864  he  became  Minister  to  Greece,  in 
1868  to  Brazil  (where  he  became  the  firm  friend  of  Dom  Pedro), 
in  1872  to  Sweden.  Meanwhile  the  crisis  of  1870  had  brought 
him  back  to  France.  As  Mayor  of  Trye  he  secured  concessions 
for  his  fellow-citizens  from  the  invading  Prussians,  but  declined 
with  aristocratic  disdain  to  take  a  direct  part  in  the  representa- 
tive  government  then  forming.  For  Gobineau  was  primarily 
and  oonsistently  in  thought  and  practice  an  aristocrat,  true  to 
the  ancient  regime,  convinced  of  the  inherent  justice  and  rieht 
of  privilege  attaching  to  birth,  as  a  corollary  of  the  division 
into  masters  and  slaves  which  nature  had  decreed  for  the  human 
upecies.  Only  the  dominant  by  race  should  rule,  as  only  one 
dominant  race  had  been  able  tiirough  the  ages  to  create  and 
maintain  a  worthy  civilization.  The  deeds  of  great  races  and 
^^reat  individuals — the  elect  supermen — appealed  to  him.  He 
Found  inspiration  in  the  commanding  figures  of  the  Renais- 
<anoe ;  the  careers  of  Savonarola,  Csesar  Borgia^  Julius  II, 
Leo  X,  and  Michael  Angelo,  portrayed  in  five  dramatic  scenes, 
constitute  his  most  widely  read  work,  "The  Renaissance"  (1877), 
five  times  translated  into  German. 

The  most  personal  of  his  writings  is  "  The  History  of  Ottar 
larL,  Norwegian  Pirate,  Conqueror  of  the  Country  of  Bray 
II  Normandy,  and  of  His  Descendants "  (1879).  Convinced 
;hat  the  Aiyan  was  the  superior  race,  and  that  the  Ger- 
nanio  races  were  the  best  surviving  Aryans  of  the  modem 
rorld,  and  the  Scandinavian  the  purest  of  these,  he  was  oon- 
'emed  to  find  for  himself  a  Norse  ancestry.  By  a  free  use  of 
tMnanoe,  tradition,  and  record,  he  prepared  a  fomily  tree  begin- 
ling  with  the  rich  and  adventurous  Norwegian  merchant  of  the 
iftfa  ceutury  and  ending  with  the  advocate  of  the  inequality  of 
■ace  in  the  nineteenth.  He  makes  Ottar  Jarl  a  "  son  of  kings," 
if  the  royal  race  of  Inglingas,  descendants  of  Odin.  A  feud  with 

1  S«e  tfaa  utide  under  thb  title  io  The  Outlook  of  Jannary  9, 1918. 


the  ruler  of  the  realm  sent  Ottar  to  Normandy,  where  he  estab- 
lished tiie  feudal  house  of  Goumay.  A  scion  of  the  house  in  the 
twelfth  oentunr  took  the  name  of  Gauvin  ((jrawain)  in  admira- 
tion of  the  briUiant  nephew  of  King  Arthur ;  the  name  replaced 
his  own  in  the  diminutive  form  Gauvinot— hence  Gobmeau. 
The  story  is  told  that  on  a  visit  to  the  island  of  Skaeren,  near 
Stockholm,  Gobineau  pointed  to  a  bold  rock  and  exclaimed: 
"  There  stood  the  castle  of  Ottar.  I  feel  it ;  this  is  the  home  of 
my  ancestors!"  The  same  genealogical  conviction  led  to  his 
purchase  of  the  chateau  of  uie  Goumays  at  Trye-en- Vixen,  to 
regain  what  he  considered  his  ancient  family  estate.  But  for 
his  meeting  with  Richard  Wagner  (in  Rome,  1876)  the  story  of 
Gobineau  would  have  ended  here. 

The  Gobineau  shrine  is  a  room  in  the  libraiy  of  the  Uni- 
versily  of  Strassbui^.  These  have  been  collected  his  personal 
effects,  his  books,  his  manuscripts,  exam^es  of  his  sculpture— 
for  his  versatility  extended  to  the  arts.  From  this  source  are 
issued  the  publications  of  the  Gobinistische  Vereinigung,  a 
society  of  mttriotic  Gobinists  of  more  than  two  himdr^  mem- 
bers, mduding  many  distinguished  names  of  Germany,  but  only 
two  or  three  of  his  own  coimtry.  Gobineau's  personal  effects 
were  bequeathed  to  the  Countess  de  la  Tour,  the  French  wife 
of  the  Italian  Minister  to  Stockholm  at  the  time  of  his  residence 
there.  Later  they  became  the  property  of  Professor  Soheman, 
the  founder  and  leader  of  the  Gobinist  Society,  and  from  him 
they  were  purchased  for  twenty  thousand  marks  in  behalf  of 
the  University  of  Strassbuig,  there  to  remind  the  Alsatians  of 
German  superiority. 

This  sequence  oi  events  may  be  traced '  to  Richard  Wagner. 
Gobineau's  "  Remussanoe  "  landled  Wagner's  enthusiasm ;  in 
the  theories  of  a  superior  race  he  found  the  sanction  of  his  own 
Germanic  hero  worship.  Their  friendship  led  to  Gobineau's 
visit  to  W^ner  at  Bayreuth ;  it  was  in  retumingr  to  Italy  from 
Bayreuth  tl^t  Gobineau  died  suddenly  in  Tunn.  Wagner's 
eulogy  of  the  Count  appeared  in  the  "  Bayreuther  Blatter." 

It  was  Wagner's  son-in-law,  Houston  Stewart  Chamberlain, 
an  Englishman,  who  became  the  extravagant  popularizer  of 
Germanic  superiority — out-Teutonizing  the  Teutons.  It  was 
Wagner  who  made  of  Professor  Scheman  the  devoted  disciple 
of  Gobinism  as  a  Germanic  movement,  A  misconstrued  French- 
man, a  ren^;ade  Englishman,  brou|^t  together  by  a  Germanic 
enthusiast,  a  master  musician  of  the  modem  world ;  such  are 
the  ironic  instruments  of  fate ! 

Gobineau's  authentic  conclusions  and  the  propagandist  distor- 
tion of  them  that  circulates  in  Germany  must  be  distinguislied. 
Gobineau  sought  the  cause  of  the  decline  of  the  great  civiliza^ 
tions  of  the  past ;  he  found  it  in  race.  There  had  been  only  one 
race  capable  of  creating  and  maintaining  civilization  :  the  great 
Aryan  race,  its  home  in  the  East,  and  under  the  banner  of  con- 
quest moving  westward.  The  cause  of  the  decline  is  intermixture 
with  the  other  and  inferior  stocks.  If  Darius  could  have  tilled 
his  ranks  with  true  Aryans,  or  if  the  Romans  of  the  later 
Empire  had  been  of  the  same  purity  of  race  as  in  the  early 
days  of  Roman  greatness,  their  dominion  woidd  have  endured 
forever.  History  is  a  processional  conquest  of  race.  It  is  also  a 
constant  adulteration  of  Aryan  blood,  which  eventually  becomes 
too  thin  and  hybrid  to  offset  the  decadence  of  the  lower  racial 
stock.  The  world  is  doomed  to  become  a  vast  hybrid  of  demo- 
cratic mediocrity,  foreshadowing  the  tragic  end  of  civilization, 
when  "  human  herds,  no  longer  nations,  weighed  down  by  a 
mournful  somnolence,  will  henceforth  be  benumbed  in  their 
nullity,  like  buffaloes  ruminating  in  the  stagnant  meres  of  the 
Pontine  marshes."  This  pessimistic  outiook,  which  appealed  to 
Schopenhauer,  gives  no  hint  of  a  Germanic  redemption,  as 
Wagner  poeticaiUy  and  the  Teutonizers  politically  projected. 

The  scientific  assumptions  running  through  Gobmeau's  four 
volumes  are,  first,  that  races  are  unequal  by  decree  of  nature  ; 
second,  that  the,  Aryan  is  the  only  superior  race,  all  others 
inferior;  third,  that  mixture  of  race  rapidly  lowers  human 
quality  and  is  the  source  of  decline.   On  all  these  points  the 


49.1 


Digitized  by  VJWVJV  IV^ 


THE   OUTLOOK 


PORTRAIT  OF  COUNT  GOBINEAC   AS  A  THE  GOBINKAn  ROOM   IN  THE  LIBRART  OF  THE  UNIVERSITY   OF  8TRASSBURO 

UNO  MAN  This  room  oontains  the  manuscripts  of  Count  Qobinean's  works,  copies  of  his  books  and  of  the  literature  growia;  m 

The™«teri^  ^*e*'mouB  "^^Eaeay  on  the-  of  the  movement  which  foUowed  his  clue.   It  oontains  also  a  portrait  of  Gobineau  by  the  Countess  de  U  Toqr,  In 

ere?  whue  Gobin^^waa  a  stodei^t^I^ris  ~  personal  effects  reminiscent  of  his  residence  in  Perda,  and  examines  of  his  sculptures.   The  dedication  of  a  room  to  tit 

he  was  thirtT-seven  years  old  when  he  pnb^  memory  of  Gobineau  in  a  university  to  which  the  German  Government  attaches  strate^c  importajioe  iodioates  Iw 

lishea  the  four-volume  essay  position  in  the  esteem  of  Germany 

The  political  propagandist  had  other  troubles  ;  if  the  Negn 
is  to  be  deprived  of  all  rights  and  hope  of  salvation,  religion  will 

frotest.  "  The  united  Protestant  churches,  and  especially  tk 
'resbyterian,  are  bitterly  opposed  to  the  slightest  intimatioDci 
original  diversity.  The  Calvinistic  dogma  of  hereditary  sin  is 
thereby  threatened,  the  authority  of  the  Bible  is  impugned. 
Now,  in  spite  of  our  innumerable  isms,  our  spirit  rappings,  and 
woman's  rights,  etc.,  we  are  a  very  religious  people  '  Hotz  was 
also  alanuM  at  Gobineau's  pessimistic  prophecy  of  the  "  gnui- 
ual  degeneracy  of  the  whole  human  race,  and  their  final  extin(^ 
tion."  "  I  tried  the  experiment  in  intelligent  private  circles  aul 
was  appaUed  at  the  residt.  I  have  therefore  expunged  evet; 
trace  of  it  from  the  English  version.  When  the  book  has  once 
established  its  reputation  on  a  firm  basis,  as  it  necessarily  must, 
a  more  correct  version  may  appear.  Believe  me,  then,  that  1 
have  honestly  and  to  the  best  of  my  abilities  consulted  the  spirit 
of  the  nation  for  which  I  was  writing.  I  have  consciendoiulj 
sacrificed  what  appeared  of  doubtful  utility  to  what  was  essen- 
tial and  of  immense  practical  importance." 

A  Prussian  could  do  no  better,  except  in  concealing  as  vnA 
as  glorifying  his  motives.  Gobineau  refers  to  Hotz  in  a  lettrr 
to  a  friend :  "  Do  you  not  admire  our  friends  the  American) 
who  believe  I  encourage  them  to  murder  their  N^roes,  ami 
praise  me  to  the  skies,  and  will  not  translate  the  part  of  thf 
book  that  refers  to  the  matter  ?"  The  Atlanta  group  were  not 
the  only  American  Gobinists.  Dr.  Meigs,  of  Philadelphia,  wrotr 
to  Gobineau  that  he  had  read  the  "  Essay "  ten  times ;  that 
whelmed  by  the  experiences  of  the  Civil  War,  he  '*  should  have 
died  "  but  for  Gobineau's  deliverance.  The  "  Essay  "  "dwoU 
be  made  a  text-book  for  all  schools  and  collages  of  Christendom.* 

We  are  more  genuinely  interested  in  de  Tocqueville's  i^nion 
of  Gobinism.  "  Do  you  not  see,"  he  wrote  in  the  conne  ol  » 
long  correspondence,  "  that  from  your  doctrine  naturally  aw 
all  the  evils  of  inequality,  pride,  violence,  tyranny,  contempt  of 
one's  neighbors,  and  slavery  in  every  form  ?"  "  We  belong  t» 
two  different  camps,  camps  that  absolutely  exclude  one  another.* 
For  de  Tocqueville  declined  to  look  upon  the  human  species » 
"  a  horde  of  bastards  which  you  think  it,  a  horde  whidi  conse- 
quently should  be  handed  over  without  future  hope  of  hdp  toa 
small  number  of  herdsmen  or  keepers  who,  after  all.  are  o<* 
better  than  we  are,  and  sometimes  may  even  be  worse.  Wi4 
your  kind  permission,  I  beg  to  say  that  I  have  less  confidence  i» 
you  than  in  the  goodness  and  justice  of  our  Father  in  heaves. ' 

The  persistent  issue  of  aristocratic  absolutism  and  democratjc 

Digitized  by  VJW^^V  IV^ 


ethnologist  of  to-day  takes  an  opposite  position.  Racial  differ- 
ences are  real,., but  their  extent  is  rcsidily  exaggerated  ;  bio- 
logically consitfered,  racial  resemblances  far  outweigh  racial 
differences.  The  racial  affinity  of  the  so-called  Aryans  is  wholly 
a  matter  of  speculation  ;  the  distribution  of  their  descendants 
among  the  peoples  of  modem  Europe,  all  of  them  hopelessly 
mixed  in  strain,  is  so  nearly  alike  that  any  suggestion  of  supe- 
riority is  assumption  ;  the  notion  of  purity  is  false,  and  what 
evidence  there  is  indicates  that  race  mixture  improves  the  stock. 

Gobineau's  thesis  implies  a  constancy  of  racial  traits — which 
again  is  questioned  by  the  science  of  to-day — and  a  definite 
association  of  bodUy  form  with  mental  and  moral  qualities, 
which  is  demonstrably  unsound.  It  implies  that  black  and  white 
minds  and  morals  are  as  inherently  and  eternally  different  as 
black  and  white  skins.  To  Gobineau  the  thesis  was  the  key 
to  historical  development ;  it  determined  as  well  his  polit- 
ical views  and  his  personal  philosophy  of  life.  The  propa- 
gandist use  of  his  conclusions  would  have  shocked  Gobineau  as 
decidedly  as  it  arouses  our  determination  to  put  an  end  to  the 
regime  that  justifies  the  greatest  crime  in  history  by  a  foul  and 
specious  philosophy. 

The  evidence  of  this  is  found  in  a  strange  episode  in  the  story 
of  Gobinism,  of  peculiar  interest  to  Americans.  Even  in  the 
propagandist  use  of  the  "  Essay  on  Inequality  "  the  Germans 
are  not  original.  The  revival  of  interest  in  Gobineau  as  the 
quarry  which  Teutonic  race-gospelers  had  raided  brought  forth 
an  English  edition  (1916)  of  the"  Essay"  that  has  become  famous. 
It  was  not,  however,  the  first  English  translation  ;  an  English 
version  (now  rare)  was  published  in  Philadelphia  in  1856,  and 
why  ?  To  be  used  as  a  propagandist  argiunent  for  slavery.  The 
scientific  proof  of  the  inferiority  of  the  Negro  was  an  attractive 
instrument  in  the  hands  of  slaveholders.  The  translation  is  due 
to  Dr.  Nott,  of  Mobile,  Alabama,  joint  author  with  Dr.  Glidden 
of  the  "  Types  of  Mankind,"  an  ambitious  ethnological  work, 
based,  like  Gobineau's,  upon  the  idea  of  permanence  of  human 
types.  A  Swiss  by  the  name  of  Hotz  was  engaged  for  the  trans- 
lation ;  his  frank  letters  to  Count  Gobineau  are  published  by 
the  Gobinistische  Vereinigung.  "  The  subject  you  are  treating 
is  the  sore  point  of  the  nation  ;  it  is  the  rock  upon  which  the 
vessel  of  state  will  wreck  one  day,  perhaps  ere  very  long.  ...  Of 
course  I  speak  of  slavery ;  and,  though  your  work  never  alludes 
to  this  bone  of  contention  among  us,  you  will  understand  the 
intimate  connection  of  the  question  yon  agitate  and  those  which 
iii.ake  the  so-called  Union  anything  but  what  its  name  implies." 


18 


THE   OUTLOOK 


457 


|{-detennination  is  the  world  decision  of  to-day.  The  striking 
i-t  remains  that  the  same  arguments  now  mutilated  to  prove 
e  Germans  superior  were  simuarly  abused  to  prove  the  Negro 
ferior. 

There  is  one  link  in  the  chain  that  unites  Gobiueau  with  the 
«trinal  sources  of  German  superiority  that  deserves  mention, 
|)eoially  as  it  is  free  from  the  propagandist  taint:  the  relation 
Gobinean  to  Nietzsche.  Both  writers  were  cruelly  misunder- 
K)d ;  the  intention  and  the  application  of  the  doctrines  which 
ey  espoused  differ  widely  and  inexcusablv.  Nietzsche  and  Go- 
iieau  ag^ree  in  their  views  on  decadence,  m  their  anti-Christian 
titude,  also  in  a  distinctiy  unfavorable  view  of  the  Germans 
their  day  and  generation.  Nietzsche  laid  himself  open  to 
e  abuse  of  the  idea  of  the  superman,  the  dangerous  distinction 
tween  the  morality  proper  to  slaves  and  to  masters.  Gobineau's 
rase  for  the  master  race  and  the  superman  is  "^s  de  roL" 
t  divides  mankind  into  "  sons  of  kings  "  (the  true  nobility  in 
nd  and  will),  imbeciles,  knaves,  and  brutes.  His  doctrine  of 
LSter-morality — clearly  a  pattern  for  Nietzsche — appears  in 
b  words  of  Caisar  Borgia  to  his  daughter :  "  Know,  then,  that 
r  petwms  [like  you]  whom  fate  summons  to  dominate  others 
e  ordinary  rules  of  morality  are  reversed,  and  duty  becomes 
ite  different  Good  and  evil  are  lifted  to  another,  to  a 
rher  region,  to  a  different  plane.  .  .  .  Walk  straight  on,  do 
ly  what  pleases  you,  but  do  it  only  if  it  likewise  serves  you. 
«ve  to  the  small  minds,  the  rabble  of  underlings,  all  slackness 
d  scruple.  There  is  only  one  consideration  worthy  of  you — 
:■  elevation  of  the  house  of  Borgia  and  yourself."  It  has  been 
Jl  said  that  Gobineau's  role  was  that  of  a  precursor — "  that 
18  his  weakness  and  remains  his  originality."  Nietzsche  may 
cited  literally  in  a  ruthless  propagandist  campaign  of  Ger- 
inic  superiority,  and  with  disastrous  consequences.  Gx)bineau 
1st  be  denatured  to  serve  a  like  end. 

That  Nietzsche  knew  Gobineau's  views  is  confirmed  by  his 
ter,  Frau  Forster-Nietzsche,  who  read  Gobineau  aloud  to  her 
other  in  the  winters  of  1876  to  1878.  The  parallel  passage  in 
etzsche  reads :  "  A  morality  of  the  nding  class  has  for  its  prin- 
ile  that  one  has  duty  only  to  one's  equals ;  that  one  may  act 
rard  beings  of  a  lower  rank,  toward  all  that  is  foreign,  just  as 
>ms  good  to  one  .  . .  and  in  any  case  beyond  'good  and  evil.' " 
The  organized  cult  of  Germanic  Gobinism  advances  under  a 
rrage  of  science ;  but  even  in  this  qiiestionable  enterprise  the 
initions  are  of  foreign  source.  A  French  scholar,  Vacher  de 
.pouge,  elevated  Gobinism  to  a  racial  phrenology  by  concen- 
ting  attention  upon  the  recognition  marks  of  the  surviving 
yana,  the  potential  redeemers  of  the  race.  The  elect  are  the 
L,  blond,  long-headed  »)ecies ;  the  other  and  lower  races  are 
!  dark  roundheads.  The  battie  of  the  races  is  one  of  long 
ids  against  round  heads,  or  dolichocephalic  against  brachy- 
ibalic.  The."  dolichos  "  should  win  because  they  are  superior ; 
t  the  "  brachys  "  are  inconsiderately  proliBc.  Extermmating 
ind  heads  is  the  due  to  salvation  from  the  "  brachy  "  peril,  u, 
y  be  sought  by  war  or  massacre  or  eugenics.  Lapouge  prefers 
'  eugenic  way ;  some  of  his  German  disciples  prefer  the  other 
y.  Superiority  is  a  matter  of  the  cranial  index,  the  propor- 
D  of  the  length  to  the  breadth  of  the  head.  Lapouge  oonsid- 
that  the  modem  Greeks  fall  short  of  the  glorious  achieve- 
Dts  of  the  ancient  race  because  their  oej^ialic  index  has 
raaced  from  sevens-six  to  eighty'<me.  If  the  lon^-headed 
e  coold  b^  restored,  within  a  oentory.  the  Acropolis  would 
lis  become  the  center  of  civilization.  And  here  is  his  proph- 
'  of  1887 :  "  I  am  convinced  that  in  the  next  century  millions 
1  cat  each  other  s  throats  because  of  one  or  two  d^^rees  more 
leas  of  cephalic  index.  This  is  the  sign  which  is  replacing 
Biblical  shibboleth  and  linguistic  affinities,  and  by  which 
pie  will  recognize  one  anotiier  as  belonging  to  the  same 
lonalities,  and  by  which  the  most  sentimental  will  assist  in 
wholesale  slaughter  of  peoples." 

rbos  famished  with  a  clue,  the  German  mind  set  to  work  to 
ive  German  superiority  by  the  calipers  and  the  color  chart, 
I  incidentally  to  furnish  social  psychology  with  a  new  method 
nesearch.  Tit.  Ammon,  a  leading  disci^  of  the  movement, 
written  a  learned  work  to  prove  that  long-heads  are  attracted 
die  cities,  where  they  contract  marriages  with  "  Lorelei " 
ind-heoidB,  and  are  thus  lured  to  their  eugenic  destruction, 
•how  the  superiority  of  the  long-headed  in  the  mixed  popula- 


tion which  prevails  in  Grermany  as  in  other  countries,  he  records 
quite  solemnly  an  experiment  made  among  the  members  of 
the  Oarlsruhe  Society  for  Natural  Science.  Owing  to  the  stormy 
weather  on  the  Hrst  evening  to  be  devoted  to  head-measuring 
only  twelve  members  appeared;  but  these  brave  individuals 
were  naturally  the  superior  ones.  A  more  favorable  evening 
added  eighteen  heads  to  the  collection.  These  thirty  members 
included  six  bearing  the  title  of  Geheimrat,  five  that  of 
Direktor,  three  full  professors,  six  professors  of  lower  rank, 
one  each  of  Foratrat,  Hofrat,  Inspektor,  and  Oberbauntt,  also 
one  major  (retired),  two  apothecaries,  and  three  mere  citizens. 
Among  the  Gelehrter  of  the  first  rank  (as  judged  by  title) 
41.7  per  cent  had  long  heads  and  none  had  round  heads,  the 
rest  being  classified  as  of  medium  index.  But  of  the  Gelehrter 
of  the  second  rank  only  27.8  per  cent  had  long  heads  and  11.1 
per  cent  pursued  their  calling  under  the  handicap  of  a  i-ound 
head ;  in  both  classes  the  noble  long-heads  numbered  33.3  per 
cent,  the  ignoble  round-heads  could  claim  only  16.1  per  cent. 
Thus  accurately  do  the  calipers  confirm  the  titles  and  stations 
accorded  by  an  all-wise  government  I  The  same  holds  among  the 
German  students,  whose  "  head  shapes  "  are  fixed  by  nature  and 
are  not  altered  by  what  they  put  into  them.  Of  the  Gyfnnaniuin 
students  in  general  41.1  per  cent  had  long  heads  and  16.1  per 
cent  had  round  heads  ;  but  in  the  lower  grades  (where  there 
were  many  without  ability  to  reach  the  higher  gravies)  there  are 
only  16.7  per  cent  long  heads,  and  these  are  outnumbered  by 
round  heads  22.2  per  cent.  Contrast  these  figures  with  those 
found  among  common  recruits — the  cannon-fodder  of  the  battie- 
field — and  you  find  only  12.2  per  cent  of  long  heads  and  38.2  per 
cent  of  round  heads.  This  demonstration  reveals  the  embarrass- 
ing fact  that  the  ignoble  round  heads  are  three  times  as  common 
among  the  German  population  as  the  noble  longheads ;  also  that 
the  proportion  of  long  heads  is  exceeded  in  other  countries,  such 
as  Sweden,  so  that  the  palm  of  superiority  belongs  elsewhere. 

As  to  the  scientific  verdict,  we  may  with  confidence  accept 
that  of  our  own  Professor  Ripley,  author  of  "  The  Races  of 
Europe :"  "  Europe  offers  the  best  refutation  of  the  statement- 
that  tiie  proportions  of  the  head  mean  anything  intellectually." 
Professor  Boas  concludes :  "  The  men  to  whom  we  are  indebted 
for  the  basic  advance  of  civilization  belong  to  the  dark-com- 
plexioned human  types  of  the  Orient,  Greece,  and  Italy ^and 
not  to  our  blond  ancestors."  If  we  apply  the  personal  argument, 
which  is  popular  but  far  from  decisive,  we  note  that  neither 
Luther  nor  Goethe  nor  Beethoven  nor  Kant  nor  Lessing  nor 
Bismarck  nor  Helmholtz — and,  still  more  convincing,  nor  Hin- 
denburg — belong  to  the  long-headed.  But  more  important  is  it 
to  remember  that  the  entire  set  of  conclusions  would  be  just  as 
worthless  if  the  skulls  of  all  these  worthies  had  a  few  agrees 
less  of  cranial  index  and  belonged  to  the  long-heads. 

The  preposterous  propagandist  method  of  dealing  with  the 
weighty  issues  of  race  is  not  scientific  ethnology,  but  tempera- 
mental psychology  or  plain  buttering  of  parsnips.  It  is  a  case  of 
race  prejudice  run  riot  in  the  scientific  laboratory,  a  disastrous 
example  of  collective  egotism  tinged  with  a  perverted  patriotism ; 
and  its  effect  is  to  oouvert  the  high  priests  of  learning  into  spon- 
sors of  a  ruthless  inhumanity.  "  The  superiority  of  the  great 
blond  Aryan  is  a  fiction;  it  is  the  result  of  self -admiration 
that  emotional  thinkers  have  tried  to  sustain  by  imaginative 
reasoning.   It  has  no  foundation  in  observed  fact. '  (Bmu.) 

It  is  not  a  simple,  and  perhaps  not  an  important,  matter  to 
appraise  the  several  influences  that  may  claim  the  dishonor  of 
bnngine  the  German  mind  to  its  present  inhuman  view  of  the 
sacred  rights  of  all  things  Germanic  and  the  rightful  contempt 
of  the  rest  of  the  world,  the  approving  of  the  ruthless  destruc- 
tion, diabolic  plotting,  and  crimes  innumerable  and  unmention- 
able against  everything  that  the  other  nations  hold  dear  and 
sacred — and  all  in  the  name  of  a  racial  superiority.  By  their 
fruits  shall  ye  know  them.  Chamberlain  has  a  claim  to  a  lead- 
ing place  in  the  Hall  of  111  Fame  by  reason  of  the  stupendous 
circulation  of  his  writings.  It  is  difficult  to  believe  that  the 
author  of  "  The  Foundations  of  the  Nineteenth  Century  "  mider- 
took  that  pretentious  task  in  any  other  spirit  than  that  of  a 
foregone  conclusion  supported  by  a  venomous  prejudice.  With 
it  is  combined  a  specious  pleading  that  irritates  less  by  lack  of 
logic  than  by  lack  of  respect  for  the  reader's  intelligence. 

At  his  best  this  encyclopaidio  author  raises  the  suspicion  of  a 


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verbose  smokescreen  masking  an  intention  alien  to  bis  avowed 
mess^e ;  at  his  second  bept  ois  conclusions  suggest  the  heated 
vapormgs  of  a  narrow-vented  mind ;  at  his  worst  (in  his  war 
essays)  he  explodes  in  sheer  irresponsibility.  "  People  most 
learn  that  any  one  who  cannot  speak  German  is  a  pariah." 
"  An  un-Gennan  liberty  is  no  liberty."  "  As  I  believe  m  Grod, 
so  1  believe  in  the  holy  German  language."  From  the  point  of 
view  of  science,  the  palm  for  unreason  and  deliberate  perver- 
sion may  be  awarded  to  Professor  Ludwig  Woltmann,  the 
author  of  "  Politische  Anthropologie,"  founder  of  the  journal 
of  like  name  which  has  become  the  official  depository  of  the 
new  cult.  It  is  Woltmann  who  claims  Leonardo  and  Michael 
Angelo,  Shakespeare  and  Voltaire,  Ceesar  and  Alexander,  as 
Teutons,  upon  the  evidence  of  form  and  feature ;  whose  slogan 
is, "  The  cultural  value  of  a  nation  is  measured  by  the  quantity 
of  Teutoniam  it  contains  ;"  who  teaches  that  "  the  Teutons  are 
the  aristocracy  of  humanity ;  the  Latins,  on  the  contrary,  belong 
to  the  degenerate  mob,"  and  that  "  the  Teutonic  race  is  called 
to  circle  the  earth  with  its  rule,  to  exploit  the  treasures  of 
nature  and  of  human  labor  power,  and  to  make  the  passive 
races  servient  elements  in  its  cultural  development."  The  result 
is  that  a  Frankfort  schoolgirl  writes  to  a  Swiss  g^rl  (with 
French  sympathies) : 

As  a  matter  of  fact,  there  is  but  one  race  worthy  of  mlinc^ 
the  world,  and  vdiich  has  already  attained  Uie  highest  deg^ree  oi 


civilization.  That  race  is  onrs,  the  Pmssians ;  for,  Aon^  «t 
Grennans  in  general  are  the  lords  of  the  world,  llie  Pnuoan  is 
undoubtedly  ue  lord  oar  excellenee  among  the  Gremuuu. 

Is  it  not  shameful  that  other  nations,  who  have  no  right  to  exiit- 
Mice  on  the  earth,  wish  to  diminish  our  heritage !  We  «r«  tbt 
divine  fruits  and  the  others  are  only  weeds.  That  is  why  on 
great  Emperor  has  decided  to  put  an  end  to  all  tiiese  injusticei, 
and  to  extirpate  the  weeds.  Do  you  understand  that  now  ? 
I  remain,  yonr  school  friend, 

EA.TIB  Hamwt. 
(Dau£^ter  of  the  State  Councilor  of  Arehiteetnie). 

Chamberlain  and  Woltmann,  Scheman  and  Reimer,  and 
many  another  raoe-gospeler,  have  spread  the  infection,  shovii^ 
great  skill  in  preparing  the  virus,  proving  also  the  snscejptibilitT 
of  the  German  nund  to  the  poison.  Without  this  campaign  fnn 
above,  this  prostitution  of  learning  at  its  source,  the  mod 
degradation  and  the  mental  obliquity  that  have  become  epidonit 
among  the  people  could  not  have  spread.  The  same  human  ing^ 
nuity  that  resorts  to  scattering  death-dealing  bacteria,  prepsnd 
in  the  laboratories  of  German  universities,  among  the  mnooent 
victims  of  their  brutal  invasions,  inoculates  their  own  peofdewitb 
the  psychological  germs  of  hatred,  prejudice,  and  unreuon. 
With  the  responsible  authors  of  this  psychological  crime  thm 
can  be  no  terms  of  peace ;  for  the  victims  in  their  own  ooontty 
there  can  be  no  hope  until  tiie  delusion  of  superiority  has  given 
way  to  the  saving  grace  of  a  sane  democracy. 


HAIL  AND  FAREWELL 

BY   HAROLD   TROWBRIDGE   PULSIFER 


For  what  I  may  remember 
And  what  I  must  forget : — 
Dead  ash  and  living  ember : — 
I  will  not  know  regret  I 

I  will  not  stumble  blindly 
Although  I  walk  alone 
Where  hands  so  cool  and  kindly 
Held  bravely  to  my  own ! 

She  taught  me  love  and  living 
Were  cweams  too  proud  for  tears. 


I  will  not  shame  her  giving 
Through  all  the  empty  years  1 

Her  eyes  declared  the  story 
Of  every  hi^h  crusade. 
Now  ended  is  the  glory, 
I  will  not  drop  my  blade ! 

Because  by  faith  I  know  her 
As  mountains  know  the  sun. 
And  the  dear  debt  I  owe  her,— 
The  fight  I  lost  is  won ! 


WEARY  WATCHES 

BY   GREGORY    MASON 

STAFF  CORRRESPONDENT   OF  THE  OUTLOOK 


«*  Into  the  old  Kiel  Canal, 
Where  the  German  fleet  is  hiding, 
And  where  we  must  go,  .  .  . 
There'll  be  lots  of  weary  watches." 

JUST  a  snatch  of  a  song  of  American  bluejackets.  I  do  not 
know  the  rest  of  it,  but  the  pith  of  it  is  in  that  last  line : 
"  There'll  be  lots  of  weary  watches."  Yes,  lots  of  weary 
watches  before  Germany  is  beaten  ;  but  Germany  will  be 
beaten,  she  is  being  beaten,  and  weary  xcatches  are  doing  it. 

Just  now  the  world  is  thriUing  at  the  news  from  France, 
where  the  Allied  armies  have  stemmed  the  tide  and  turned  it. 
The  spectacular  part  of  winning  this  war  will  fall  mostly  to  the 
armies,  but  do  not  foi^et  what  the  navies  are  doing.  Masses  of 
American  soldiers  reached  France  just  in  time  to  give  Foch 
the  reserves  he  needed  to  save  Paiis  and  deliver  his  brilliant 
counter-stroke. 

Germany  risked  making  an  enemy  of  America  because  Ger- 
many counted  on  her  submarines  to  keep  American  khaki  out 
of  Europe.  What  frustrated  the  submarine,  let  American  khaki 
into  £urope,  and  is  bringing  it  in  at  the  rate  of  nearly  three 
hundred  thousand  men  a  month  ?  '^  Lots  of  weary  watches." 
Days  and  nights  on  the  little  bridges  of  Allied  trawlers,  subma- 
rines, mine-sweepers,  chasers,  destroyers ;  days  and  nights  of 
fog,  rain,  snow,  sleet,  and  icy  darkness. 

^he  U-boat  is  being  beaten.   Cold  figures  prove  that.  The 


'Si 


growing  timidity  of  the  U-boat  itself  proves  it,  the  inorewiii; 
difficulty  of  the  Germans  to  get  men  to  ship  in  the  submarine 
at  all  proves  it. 

When  the  United  States  entered  the  war,  the  prediction  *» 
often  heard  that  our  great  inventors  and  mechanical  geniosa 
would  devise  something  to  end  the  submarine  menace  suddtnlT 
and  dramatically.  But  our  inventors  have  foimd  that  moat  d 
the  devices  they  have  suggested  had  already  been  considered  b; 
naval  men,  tested,  and  rejected  or  adopted.  It  is  true  that  then 
have  been  two  new  instruments  perfected  which  are  playing  * 
large  part  in  beating  the  ''  subs ; '  they  are  the  hydroph«ieviii 
the  depth  bomb.  But  they  have  been  perfected  by  naval  mes. 
although  civilian  effort  had  much  to  do  with  the  invention  «< 
the  former.  In  the  main,  though,  the  submarine  has  be«) 
checked  by  methods  fa'miliar  to  the  navy  persistently  ani 
patiently  applied. 

When  I  say  navy,  I  mean  the  Allied  navy — it  is  one  serw 
now.  Americans  ought  to  remember  that  in  the  waters  thitM^l 
which  our  Army  transports  go  to  deliver  m^i  for  the  westen 
front  some  seventy  per  cent  of  the  work  of  hunting  snba» 
rines  is  done  by  British  craft,  the  remaining  some  thirty  per 
cent  being  divided  between  France  and  the  United  States,  witi 
miich  the  larger  share  to  us.  In  the  Mediterranean  the  Frenek 
are  doing  the  largest  share  of  the  job,  with  the  British  0^ 
Italians  doing  almost  as  much  and  the  Americans  and  JapOKv 


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bUowing  in  order.  It  is  only  hat  for  the  American  public  to 
'emember  that  for  every  American  patrol  or  convojring  Teasel 
lelping  to  see  the  Yank  safely  to  France  our  allies  haye 
bree  or  four.  (It  is  rather  hard  for  a  journalist  to  do  full 
ostice  to  the  British  nav^,  for  the  Britbh  public  never  demands 
is  insistently  as  our  public  does  to  know  juat  what  its  men  of 
he  two  war  services  are  doing,  and  the  British  Admiralty  is 
ver  inclined  to  shun  publicity.) 

Patience  and  hard  work,  then,  are  mastering  the  subma- 
ines ;  in  other  words,  "  lots  of  weary  watches."  Of  the  raeth- 
ids  commonly  used  against  the  sea  serpent  with  an  explosive 
ting,  gunfire  and  ramming  are  of  coiurse  the  oldest  and  the 
aost  familiar  to  the  general  public.  Gunfire  plays  a  relatively 
ess  important  part  than  the  layman  probably  imagines.  A  pen- 
cope  is  a  tiny  target  at  best,  and  of  course  shooting  awav  a 
tenscope  does  not  sink  the  submarine.  The  U-boats  are  selaom 
een  on  the  surface  except  at  a  distance,  and  praiseworthy 
adeed  is  the  gunner  who  can  get  the  range  of  a  distant  "  sub  ' 
D  the  thirty  to  ninety  seconds  before  it  submerges. 

Ramming  has  accounted  for  a  considerable  percentage  of 
he  boats  \^ch  will  never  return  to  the  Fatherland,  and  the 
irst  act  of  a  destroyer  on  sighting  a  periscope  is  to  head  straight 
or  it  at  top  speed  while  preparing  to  get  into  action  with  guns 
ind  depth  charges.  (Of  course  vigilance  is  kept  against  Fritz's 
lid  tridc  of  putting  a  periscope  on  a  floating  mine.) 

Nets,  mines,  torpedoes  from  our  own  submarines,  and  other 
aeans  have  *'■  done  in  "  many  Huns  and  are  much  feared  by 
hem.  More  of  these  things  later ;  this  article  deals  with  the 
;ame  of  the  surface  patrol  craft,  whose  duty  is  to  get  into  actual 
ombat  with  the  U-boats ;  that  is,  the  trawlers,  chasers,  and 
Mftieolarly  the  destroyers. 

The  hydrophone,  wmch  has  been  -such  an  asset  of  the  Ger- 
nan  submanne,  is  proving  a  boomerang.  As  its  name  indicates, 
t  is  a  water  telephone.  More  simply,  it  is  a  doctor's  stetho- 
cope.  The  hydrophone  detects  the  propeUer  beats  of  a  ship  as 
he  stethoscope  detects  the  heart  beats  of  a  human  being.  And 
rith,a  little  practice  any  one  can  distinguish  between  the  sound 
if  a  submarine,  a  destroyer,  and  other  classes  of  vessel. 

Fritz's  only  way  of  avoiding  our  hydrophones  entirely  is  to 
;o  to  the  bottom  and  stop  his  propellers,  which  is  not  the  way 
o  sink  transports.  But  there  you  are  ;  the  secret  of  frustrating 
Termany's  submarines  is  to  put  them  on  the  defensive,  to 
nake  the  hunter  the  hunted. 

It  is  well  known  that  the  depth  charg^e,  or  "  aish  can"  (a  British 
Dvention),  is  putting  more  U-boats  out  of  action  than  any  other 
reapon,  and  that  this  is  what  Fritz  mostfears.  Not  to  go  into  tech- 
lical  details,  the  depth  chaise  used  on  our  destroyers  is  in  size 
nd  general  appearance  a  smallish  covered  ash  can.  It  contains 
everal  pounds  of  TNT  (trinitrotoluol).  The  firing  device 
an  be  set  up  to  any  depth  to  which  a  submarine  can  descend, 
ibere  is  a  variation  in  the  radius  of  deadliness  of  a  depth  charge 
ocording  to  the  strength  of  the  submarine  and  other  circum- 
tanees,  and  there  is  some  difference  of  opinion  on  this  point. 
D  any  case,  the  depth  charge  may  sink  a  submarine  or  seriously 
ripple  it,  and  at  the  ^eater  distances  the  cans  are  damaging  to 
he  morale  of  submanne  crews. 

From  the  intimate  association  which  our  Navy  is  having  with 
be  British  navy  we  are  learning  many  things.  The  record  of 
Irtfat  Britain's  navy  speaks  for  itself,  but  we  have  found  the  navy 
ven  better  than  its  splendid  fame.  In  turn,  we  like  to  think  that 
•e  have  contributed  our  own  bit  to  the  progress  of  naval  science. 
'nnn  the  banning  of  oiu-  share  in  the  war  our  influence  has 
iipported  two  thiiigs  which  have  had  much  to  do  with  stopping 
lie  Unterseebooten — i.  e.,  the  generous  use  of  depth  charges  and 
lie  broad. development  of  the  convoy  system  as  distingubhed 
mm  the  patrol  system  of  combating  enemy  submarines.  Vice- 
ulroiral  oims,  commanding  the  United  States  naval  forces  in 
<nropean  waters,  has  steadily  worked  for  the  extension  of  the 
wivoy  system  and  the  more  liberal  use  of  depth  charges. 

To  this  day  the  American  destroyers  are  noted  for  their  lavish 
iw  of  depth  charges.  Some  cans  may  have  been  thrown  away 
n  tide  rips  or  on  oil  slicks  unconnected  with  the  enemy's  pres- 
uce,  but  we  think  that  the  chance  of  getting  a  Hun  is  not  to  be 
eighed  against  the  expense  of  a  few  tons  of  TNT.  The  stars 
n  the  funnels  at  Amencan  destroyers  do  not  indicate  the  whole 
umber  of  submarines  we  have  done  for ;  this  star  is  given  only 


to  a  ship  which  retutna  with  indisputable  proof  of  sueoeas,  snoh 
as  a  prisoner  or  a  telltale  bit  of  wreckage.  The  British  Admi- 
ralty very  wisely  bases  its  records  m  progress  against  the 
U-boats  on  irrefutable  evidence  only,  so  tlut  the  figures  of 
sinkings  |^ven  out  by  Ministers  or  by  the  AdmiraRy  from 
time  to  tune  can  be  regarded  as  the  very  bedrock  of  what 
has  been  done.  The  high  command  of  every  one  of  the  Allied 
navies  has  abs(dute  conviction  of  other  sinrangs  which  cannot 
be  proved,  and  undoubtedly  there  are  yet  other  sinkings  which 
we  only  suspect  or  of  which  we  know  nothing.  From  the  very 
nature  of  tne  instrument  invisible  success  of  this  kind  is  apt 
to  attend  the  use  of  the  depth  charge. 

The  extension  of  the  convoy  system  has  synchronized  with 
a  steady  decline  in  the  success  of  the  U-lxwts.  It  has  also 
reduced  the  number  of  cdlisions  between  our  own  ships.  As 
soon  as  the  Allies  have  enough  warships  adequately  to  convoy 
every  merchant  ship  the  submarine  successes  will  be  few  and 
far  between  indeed.  That  time  is  rapidly  approaching.  Within 
a  year,  for  instance,  so  busy  are  our  naval  shipyards,  the 
number  of  American  destroyers  alone  in  European  waters 
ought  to  be  doubled. 

Unless  the  weather  is  very  favorable — low  visibility  and  a 
medium  sea  breaking — or  unless  the  convoy  contains  large  trans- 
ports or  other  ships  of  exceptional  value,  the  U-boats  hesitate 
to  attack.  It  has  come  to  this,  that  a  submarine  can  attack  most 
convoys  with  a  fair  chance  of  getting  one  ship,  but  unless  con- 
ditions are  unusually  &vorable  the  chances  are  that  the  price 
for  that  ship  will  be  the  life  of  the  submarine.  A  periscope  is 
hard  to  see,  and  Fritz  has  a  fair  chance  of  taking  aim  unob- 
served, but  once  the  torpedo  is  fired  let  him  look  to  his  safety. 
As  soon  as  the  torpedo  is  seen  three  or.  four  or  seven  or  eight 
destroyers  or  other  convoy  guards  will  jump  to  the  region  from 
which  the  "tin  fish"  came  and  begin  dropping  bombs.  By 
hydrophone  or  by  the  aid  of  one  of  me  oQ  sboks  which  are  the 
nightmares  of  all  U-boat  commanders  Fritz  may  be  located 
accurately.  But  if  not,  the  destroyers  are  faster  than  be  and 
plaster  with  depth  charges  the  whole  area  through  which  he 
might  be  trying  to  escape.  With  the  exception  of  one  or  two 
big  '^  prizes  "  iSie  the  Leviathan,  the  Kaiser  does  not  think  ope 
merchant  ship  worth  the  exchange  of  one  submarine. 

For  the  most  part  the  U-boats  are  confining  themselves  to 
stragglers  from  convoys  and  to  occasional  ships  without  convoy. 
As  we  get  more  protectors  for  our  convoys,  our  losses  in  mer- 
chant tonn^e  are  boimd  to  decrease. 

Convoy  efficiency  is  increasing.  The  skippers  of  caigo  boats 
have  learned  much  of  the  ways  of  this  new  sea  warfare.  They 
are  learning  to  help  each  other,  and  there  is  less  straggling  than 
there  was.  There  is  rarely  any  pania  There  never  was  much 
panic,  but  in  the  beginning  there  was  some  misdirected  zeal. 
Some  merehant  captains  would  shoot  at  nearly  every  small 
floating  object,  to  the  discomfort  of  their  protecting  destroyers. 
A  certain  diestroyer  stood  a  lot  of  this  sort  of  thing  from  a  cer- 
tain merchant  skipper  in  the  earlier  dajrs  of  U-boat  frightful- 
ness  and  then  sig^naled  sarcastically : 

"■  Have  just  passed  a  floating  box.  Please  do  not  shoot  at  it." 

The  officers  and  men  of  our  destroyer  flotilla  are  proud  of 
the  reputation  their  ships  have  won  for  seaworthiness.  Among 
Europeans,  to  some  extent  even  among  the  British,  there  was 
an  idea  that  these  little  ships  could  not  stand  extremelv  rough 
weather.  It  remained  for  us  to  demonstrate  that  a  well-made, 
well-manned  destroyer  can  go  anywhere,  any  time.  Our  destroy- 
ers in  the  war  zone  have  lost  lifeboats,  stacks,  masts,  practically 
everything  but  hulls  and  eng^es,  yet  not  one  of  them  has  ever 
put  back  to  port  or  declined  duty  on  account  of  weather.  A 
British  admiral  to  whose  intelligent  and  sympathetic  co- 
operation our  destroyers  owe  much  of  the  good  record  they  have 
made  tells  the  following  tale  with  great  gusto : 

"  One  of  mj  skippers,"  says  he,  "  came  to  me  on  a  howling, 
tempestuous  night  and  asked  to  be  excused  from  risking  his 
ship  at  sea  until  the  weather  moderated. 

"  'All  right,'  I  said ;  *  if  you  don't  want  to  go,  I'll  send  one  of 
those  Yankee  destroyers.' 

"  He  went." 

Every  British  and  American  destroyer  has  a  number,  which 
is  painted  on  her,  as  her  name  is  not.  I  met  a  small  boy  who 
knew  the  names,  numl>er8,  and  other  essential  description  of  all 

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THE  OUTLOOK 


oar  destroyers  quartered  n^ar  by,  which  is  more,  perhaps,  than 
any  naval  officer  knows  offiiand. 

"You  was  out  on  the  Lowell,  was  you,  sor?"  he  said  to  me. 
"  Yes,  she's  the  168,  a  thousand-tenner.  Captain  Hale.  [The 
names  and  numbers  of  ships  and  the  names  of  officers  in  these 
artidesare  fictitious.]  And  the  otliers  with  you  ?  The  Taintor? 
Oh,  yes^the  254 ;  her  skipper's  the  best  dancer  in  the  flotilla ; 
all  the  Irish  girls  are  keen  for  him.  And  the  71  and  343  ?  That'll 
be  the  Baldwin,  a  flush-decker,  and  the  Barr.  See  that  flush- 
decker  out  there  by  the  point  ?  That's  the  Farewell,  number  69  ; 
craziest  skipper  in  the  flotilla;  he'll  do  anything.  He's  a  reg'lar 
John  Paul  Jones." 

And  so  on,  as  intimately  and  accurately  as  a  boy  at  home 
would  talk  Bi^  League  baseball. 

Destroyer  hfe  is  3ie  life  of  a  sea  policeman.  Our  destroyers 
are  on  beat  from  the  waters  about  the  British  Isles  to  far  into 
the  Mediterranean.  The  routine  I  found  at  our  destroyer  base 
is  typical.  Roughly,  the  plan  is  to  give  each  ship  two  days  at 
sea  for  each  day  in  port.  Most  of  the  work  is  convoy  work, 
but  a  ship  is  never  sure  of  her  rest.  She  may  be  returning  from 
a  long  vigil  with  a  slow  convoy,  counting  on  being  in  port  for 
the  joyous  week.end,  when  she  gets  a  radio  directing  her  to 
speed  away  to  investigate  some  S.  O.  S.  or  some  reported 
"  sub."  And  even  while  crews  are  ashore  they  must  keep  a 
watch  for  the  signal  which  means  return  to  ship  for  immediate 
duty.  However,  when  on  duty  four-fifths  of  the  hours  are 
imeventful.  Nevertheless  at  any  time  may  come  a  call  to  sudden 
action — the  long-awaited  opportunity  to  win  a  star  for  your 
ship's  smokestadc.  It  is  the  life  of  a  fireman  or  policeman,  full 
of  lone  waits  with  possibilities  for  thrills  and  peril. 

Sudb  possibilities  as  have  been  presented  to  the  men  of  our 
destroyers  have  been  well  met.  There  are  examples  of  heroism 
not  surpassed  by  anything  in  the  history  of  our  Navy.  For 
instance,  there  is  the  case  of  the  two  young  brothers  who  were 
wireless  operators  on  a  destroyer  which  was  badly  damaged  by 
an  explosion.  Staggering  forward,  away  from  the  injured  part 
of  the  ship,  these  m)ys  met  the  captain.  Not  realizing  how  badly 
they  were  hurt,  he  ordered  them  below  to  get  medi(»l  attention. 

"  No,  sir,"  said  the  elder  brother ;  "  give  it  to  some  of  the 
poor  devils  back  there  who've  got  a  cminoe.  We're  done  for. 
Please  notify  our  mother  we  died  on  duty."  And  at  that  the 
pair  saluted  their  commander  and  collapsed.  In  a  few  seconds 
both  were  dead. 

Then  there  was  an  enlisted  man  on  another  one  of  our 
destroyers  who  saw  a  torpedo  wake  streaking  toward  his  ship. 
Realizing  that  the  torpedo  was  going  to  strike  the  stem  where 
the  depth  charges  were,  and  perhaps  cause  an  explosion  which 
would  blow  the  ship  to  atoms,  ne  began  to  set  the  depth  charges 
"  on  tafety."  He  had  nearly  accomplished  this  when  the  torpMO 
struck  just  below  where  he  was  standing  and  killed  him.  The 
explosion  blew  off  the  boat's  stem,  but  me  made  port.  Except 
for  the  quick  bravery  of  that  seaman  she  might  have  been  a 
total  loss. 

There  must  be  a  system  beneath  all  the  work,  and  there  is 
one,  a  well-oiled  one.  There  are  few  idle  moments  on  a  destroyer. 
When  not  working  or  repairing,  the  ships  are  practicing,  test- 
ing possibilities  ofattack  and  ^fense  in  conjunction  with  other 
destroyers,  with  battleships,  airplanes,  balloons,  and  with  our 
own  submarines.  Gun  practice,  torpedo  practice,  bombing  prac- 
tice, practice  with  the  hydrophones — these  things  give  every 
commander  a  chance  to  rehearse  any  situation  which  he  might 
be  called  upon  to  face  in  earnest. 

It  is  not  all  a  mere  game  of  mechanics,  however.  A  great 
attraction  of  service  on  destroyers  and  other  small  patrol  craft 
is  that  the  men  know  their  officers  intimately  and  the  officers 
know  the  men  just  as  well — know  which  ones  are  worried  about 
their  wives,  babies,  or  sweethearts,  which  ones  are  overliving 
their  pay. 

There  is  much  room  for  tne  expression  of  the  individuality  of 
the  men  who  command  these  1,000-ton  whippets  of  the  sea. 
There  is  a  certain  skipper  (a  gooid  one,  too)  who  rarely  makes 
a  trip  without  diunping  ten  or  fifteen  cans  into  the  deep,  and 
who  rarely  makes  port  without  some  tale  of  "  a  hidden  sea  and 
a  hidden  fight."  And  then  there  is  "  Dez  "  Barlow,  captain  of 
the  Fareww.  "  Dez  "  has  not  got  a  U-boat  yet,  but  that  is  not 
Ms  fault  They  all  avoid  him,  and  they  do  well  to  avoid  him. 


for  "  Dez  "  has  studied  the  submarine  "  game  "  as  a  quarterback 
studies  football  or  as  a  h3rpochondriao  studies  allied  cara, 
and  aboard  the  Farewell  you  will  find  all  the  recognized  weapm 
against  U-boats  and  a  few  new  wrinkle  to  boot. 

Every  one  in  the  flotilla  loves  "  Dez,"  but  that  does  not  [m- 
vent  their  smiling  at  his  eccentricities.  When  "  Dez  "  vants  t 
thing  done,  he  does  it  himself,  If  he  wants  a  two-hundiq^penitd 
bag  of  bolts  or  a  twelve-foot  section  of  lead  pipe,  he*Il|pMd»iv 
himself  and  walk  aboard  from  the  dock  with  the  bc^i.Ar  pip> 
over  his  shoulder.  He  is  as  direct  and  un  nrlfrnnnrinnnM  if  chf 
Farewell  were  a  small  gasoline'launcb — ^his  personal  pifieit;- 
and  he  wei«  were  out  for  a  cruise  on  Long  Island  SaSL 

When  I  left  the  port,  every  one  was  talking  aboaftL^Bez" 
latest  feat.  He  had  rammed  a  whale,  and  the  shook  JStA  brat 
the  thin  steel  plates  of  the  Farewell's  bow.  So  ^  Dsj^  tigged 
up  some  kind  of  scaffolding — ^boatswain's  chair.  Of  ^rihtfenr 
seamen  call  it — and  had  himself  lowered  over  the  lM$«itfa i 
sledgehammer  in  his  hand.  Just  then  the  Admiral 
in  his  barge,  and  there  was  the  young  skipper  of  tU 
a  ^my  mechanic  in  overalk,  pounding  away  at  tlie  ~ 

The  man  who  is  hunting  the  Kaiser's  submar' 
type  of  man.    He  is  essentially  an  active  tjrpe, 
hesitate  or  compromise.  It  is  to  do  a  job  that  he  livetk 
have  his  heart  m  it.  There  may  be  landsmen-  at  boeo^i 
feel  impersonal  and  detached  toward  Germans,  hat 
does  not.   The  men  who  are  hunting  the  U-boats 
hate  for  them — a  good,  old-fashioned  hate,  and  ^ 
because  it  is  just.  It  recognizes  various  classes  of 
manders.    There  is  much  of  the  personal  contact  o 
knighthood  in  this  submarine  war.    You  will  find, 
commanders  who  are  ''particularly  looking  for  " 
marine  commanders.    The  man  who  sank   the   h< 
Llandovery  Castle,  and  rammed  its  lifeboats, 
ashore,  will  sooner  or  later  find  the  end  which  a 
who  flouts  all  the  old  human  traditions  of  the 
is  another  U-boat  captain,  one  who  seems  to  abhor 
Government  makes  him  do,  and  who  has  been 
lifeboats  toward  shore  and  even  to  send  an  S.  O.  Sw 
enemies  the  location  of  survivors  from-  ships  he  has 
this  chap,  if  ever  he  sets  foot  on  an  Alli^  wanthip;4f^^ 
oner  of  war,  will  find  himself  respected  as  an  ofli4|t'>D<i  ^ 
gentleman — even  though  he  is  a  German.  .  -^j. 

The  men  who  are  harrying  the  submarines  kno^flbmna 
of  most  of  the  U-boat  commanders,  know  their  hiHHflK,  and 
talk  of  them  intimately  aroimd  ward-room  mess  tabloi^jjk  f«(^ 
it  is  astonishing  how  much  they  do  know  about  theSt^fimy* 
methods  and  intentions ;  to  hear  them  talk  you  n  iiiilllBftil  thr 
German  sea  campaign  was  a  sort  of  naval  exeroiso  fKnagfi 
for  them. 

There  will  be  millions  of  American  soldiers  aftev 
with  a  warm  spot  in  their  hearts  for  destroyers — ] 
nimble  sea  hounds  who  hunt  down  the  U-boats  and 
ports  safely  into  harbor.  An  elderly  Milwaukee  A 
crossed  to  France  on  an  Army  transport  wrote  homfti 
son  how  well  American  destroyers  had  guarded 
never  seen  salt  water  before  this  voyage,  and  he 
confused  on  several  points.   In  particidar,  the 
quick  dashing,  pitching,  and  rolling  of  destroyers 
speed  convoy  seem  to  have  impressed  him,  for  he 

"  When  we  were  a  few  days  from  land,  four  Amerii 
ers  met  us  and  began  to  fight  off  the  submarines, 
destroyers  are  wonderful  little  boats.  For  three  da: 
fighting  U-boats  without  a  rest,  most  of  the  time 

"  Son,  whenever  you  meet  any  fellows  from  di6 
Na\y,  take  off  your  hat.  They're  there" 

Unfortunately  for  our  Navy,  convoy  duty  is  n<A 
exciting  as  this  warm-hearted  patriot  imagined, 
whether  on  convoy  or  patrol,  is  a  long,  cold,  wet« 

E'nd,  with  little  to  keep  the  tiring  mind  to  the  {mUHB  vijr 
ce  which  must  be  maintained.  The  Navy  mea  4|i  £r^ 
romance  in  the  work  now ;  they  will  see  that  later  MP>  tbt; 
look  back  at  it  from  the  comfortable  enM?/^  of  peace-time  miiiw 
For  weary  watehes  are  winning  this  war.  And  the  old  ea» 
from  Milwaukee  was  right :  "  Whenever  you  meet  any  feUo» 
from  the  American  Navy,  take  off  your  hat.  They're  therc.~ 

London,  September  II,  1918. 


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CURRENT     EVENTS     ILLUSTRATED 


THE  "PAPER 


SNOWSTORM 


CELEBRATION  OF  PEACE  IN  NEW   YORK   CITY-A  SNAP-SHOT   KHOM   THE  OUTIAWK-S 
EDI'TORIAL   R(K)MS.   NOVEMBER   7 
The  whirlwind  i)f  psiper  "  confetti  "  that  swept  New  York  from  the  \rindown  of  its  uoiiutlesa  aky-xinipers   when  the  pivniHtiiru  re|>ort  of_^e  signing  o£, an 


»niii»tice  wiw  publinhcd  is  well  shown  in  this  sniiivahot.  The  fluttering  scmps  of  paper  literally  filled  the  air.   Tlie  roof  of  Jjf;'"*!'?"  ?J?*'t  *i?f^'|fT(W    P 
seen  in  the  foreground,  was  coverc<l  with  them.   The  scene  was  repeated  tm  a  somewhat  leas  extensive  s«aiW 'fflJl^SiwSrfftferil-'  ^-^  *-^X  "^  ^^ 


Lk;aral  News  I'hotv  5£iuu: 

OKMERAL  TOWN8UEKD,  HIB  AIDE,  ANI>  THEIK  CAFTOK 
This  picture  shows  Genenil  Townshend  after  hia  defeat  at  Kut-el-Amara,  a  captive  in  the  hands  of  the 
Tarks.  He  is  seated  in  the  center.  At  the  rifdit  is  Kalil  Pasha,  his  captor.  In  the  recent  triumph  of  British 
amis  General  TownsheDd  was  selected  by  the  Turks,  when  they  surrendered  unconditionally,  to  carry 

their     white  flag  "  to  his  countrymen 


(C)  WeSterD  Ntui;  j;(jr  I   : 

GENERAL  W.   P.   MARSHALL 
General   Marshall,   operating  on  the  Tigra  Ki"' 
trapped  |t  Turkish  army  and  captured  thonawA  • ' 
prisoners.  He  contributed  materially  to  the  oolhr* 
of  Turkey  as  an  ally  of  Gemsny 


TWO  BRITISH  WAR  HEROES— DEFEATED  YET  FINALLY  TRIl'MPUAXT 


AND  A  VirrOR  IN  MESOPOTAMIA 

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THE  SOLDIER  VOTE  IN  NEW  YORK  CITY 

diere,  milois,  and  marines  who  were  in  New  York  City  at  the  time  of  the 
rtion  voted  in  the  >Tirioas  armories.  Tlie  photograph  shows  a  soldier  voting 
in  tlie  09th  Regiment  Armory 


(C)  I'rcss  Illu^trAHng  Srr^'ice 

WOMEN  VOTE  IN  NEW   YORK  FOR  GOVEIiNOU 

For  the  first  time,  women  voted  iu  a  gultematorial  election  in  New  Y^ork  on 
November  5.  The  picture  shows  Miss  Katherine  B.  Davis,  formerly  Commis- 
sioner of  Correction,  casting  her  ballot 


^W  Tbuii|4.'i) 


SENDING  CHKISTMAS  BOXES  TO  OUR  SOLDIERS  AT  THE  FRONT 


mnnuu  bozea  for  our  aoldiera  abroad  were  this  year  standardized.   One  box  of  the  size  shown  n)ay  be  sent  to  one  soldier  after  a  signed  officLtl  label  is  received 

mini.  The  box  a  examined  by  the  Red  Croos  after  it  is  packed,  to  make  sure  that  no  forbidden  articles  nre  included.  It  must  not  weigh  over  three  pounds.   A 

receiving  depot  for  such  gifts  is  shown  in  the  picture 

•  Digitized  by ' 


iver  inree  pounds.    j\ 

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Press  Illustraiiiij:  ijeivice 


MKDiLL  Mccormick,  of  Illinois  (republican) 

Defented  J»n«*s  II.  Lewis  (Deni^rat) 


h 


(C)  nartis&  Lwing 

DAVID   I.  WALSH,  OF  MASSACHUSBTTS  (DEMOCRAT) 
Defeated  Senator  John  W.  Weeks  (llepiihlioaii) 


Bain  News  Sen-ice 

KNUTK  NELSON,  OF  MINNESOTA  (REPUBUCAIO 
Defeated  Governor  Diirntiuist  (Ivepublican)  and  F.  W.  Wheaton  (Demoorti 


SOME  SENATORS-ELECT  IN   THE  NEW  CONGRESS,  WfflCH   WILL  BE  RKPUIiLICAN  IN  BOTH  BRANCHKS 

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«« 


MINE  LUCK-PIECE" 


BY  ELSIE    SINGMASTER 


i  TRS.  PATRICK  O'DAY  was  twenty-three  years  old. 
V/l  When,  a  year  ago,  she  had  married  Private  O'Day,  she 
T  J.  looked  sixte^i.  Now  she  looked,  not  merely  as  old  as 
tr  years,  but  as  old  as  her  experience,  which  years  could 
aroely  measure. 

Mrs.  O'Day,  whose  maiden  name  was  Zipporah  Goldinski, 
ight  have  rememberetl  a  dirty  town,  a  black  and  icy  river, 
owling  eyes  and  scornful  laughter,  and  cruel  persecution.  She 
ight  have  remembered  a  dark  room  crowded  with  crouching, 
leasy  figures  and  lit  by  shifting  eyes  which  tried  to  fix  their 
tention  upon  the  celebration  of  the  Passover  rites  while  ears 
itened  for  the  footsteps  of  murderers  without  She  might 
ive  remembered  a  fearful  winter,  a  long  journey  by  sea,  and 
inding  dajrs  of  hard  work  with  hundreds  like  herself  in  dim, 
ihealthy  rooms. 

But  her  recollections  were  different.  She  remembered  a  tiny 
urk  house  where  love  dwelt ;  she  remembered  broad  fields  and 
river  upon  which  the  sun  gleamed.  She  remembered  candle- 
;ht  shining  on  her  grandfather's  white  beard,  the  careful 
otion  of  his  hands  among  the  vessels  on  the  table ;  the  thick, 
autiful  embroidery  on  the  cloth  with  which  the  table  was 
ivered ;  and,  best  of  all,  her  mother's  cherishing  arms  and  the 
t-eet  names  her  mother  called  her.  And  New  York — ah,  what 
as  poverty  since  in  the  end  she  had  found  Patrick  O'Day  ? 
One  December  evening  in  a  skating  rink  she  was  spoken  to 
,'  Patrii^  who  was  big  and  blue-eyed  and  Irish,  and  who 
i)Te  a  newly  donned  uniform  of  the  United  States.  When,  his 
'ertures  graciously  received,  he  skated  beside  the  small 
ranger,  every  one  watched  them.  If  she  bewitched  Patrick, 
•  enchfuited  her.    They  sat  together  in  a  comer  until  closing 


tne. 


The  subject  of  their  conversation  could  have  been  guessed  by 
leir  marriage  the  next  morning.  How  they  understood  each 
her  it  is  hard  to  say,  since  between  the  Russian  Jewish  dialect 
td  that  of  County  Cork  there  is  no  remote  linguistic  relation- 
Ip.  But  they  had  a  common  speech,  A  passer-by  might  have 
and  such  expressions  as  "(r'wan,  what  yer  givin'me?"  or 
Vou're  some  kid  I" 

The  marriage  so  arranged  looked  as  absurd  as  it  was ;  alder- 
an  and  derk  smiled  at  the  contrast  between  the  tiny  Jewess 
id  the  tall  Irishman. 

A  week  after  the  wedding  Zipporah  packed  her  few  belong- 
gs  in  a  new  satoheL  She  paid  a  little  debt  which  she  owed  to 
sirl  who  had  gone  to  work  in  distant  Brooklyn,  walking 
ither  that  evenmg,  though  she  was  very  tired.  Her  friend 
otested  at  her  punctilious  honesl^. 

**  It  was  nothing,"  said  she.  "  Why  didn't  you  take  it  for  a 
adding  {H-esent?* 

Zipporah  laughed  gayly.  "  I  pay  for  mine  self."  Her  friends 
Den  her  "  I  pay  for  mine  sell,"  so  often  were  the  words  on 
rlips. 

The  next  day  she  put  the  money  which  she  had  saved  in  two 
ars  into  a  ticket  for  the  border  town  to  which  Patrick  was 
dered,  and  had  a  little  left.  Patrick,  who  was  to  go  on  the 
nrow,  was  able  to  escort  her  to  the  railway  station  and  to 
it  her  on  the  train.  As  they  sat  in  the  station,  Zipporah's  gay 
t  atilt,  her  white  shoes  crossed  an  mch  or  two  above  the  floor, 
r  ejres  shining,  Zipporah  opened  her  heart.  She  had  a  treas- 
e,  a  hxAy  thing,  which  she  had  shown  to  no  one  in  America, 
le  was  leaving  her  acquaintances  and  her  good  place  in  the 
up  to  go  far  away  into  a  strange  country  at  the  command  of 
riaick  ;  it  was  right  that  she  have  no  secrets  from  him.  From 
der  the  pile  of  cuothes  in  her  satchel  she  took  a  yellowed  linen 
4h,  heavy  with  embroidery  in  a  strange  design,  a  branched 
idlestiok  in  each  comer,  joined  to  its  fellows  by  festoons  of 
mifgranates  and  little  bells — a  sacramental  cloth.  It  was  the 
rk  of  an  artist  and  belonged  properly  in  a  museum,  where  it 
il(i  delight  the  eyes  of  thousands,  and  not  in  a  shiny  satchel 
iveling  toward  the  Mexican  border. 

^  Mine  moder  make  it.  She  work  in  secret.  It  is  to  cover  ze 
}le  for — for  " — Zipporah  knew  no  English  wor«l  for  Pass- 


over. "  Mine  moder  very  ^ooA  sewer.  I  believe  mine  moder 
dead  now.  So  long  I  keep  zis  I  have  luck.  Mine  moder  give  it 
to  me  for  mine  luck-piece  when  I  come  away  wit'  mine  cousin. 
Mine  moder,  fine  moder." 

Young  Patrick  saw  sbining  in  Zipporah's  eyes  the  recollection 
of  her  grandfather's  face  and  his  white  hands  and  his  long 
beard.  The  very  candles  themselves  seemed  to  be  in  Zipporah's 
eyes.  Patrick  knew  the  uses  of  other  sacred  cloths.  He  remem- 
bered wailing  Good  Friday  music  ;  it  seemed  to  have  some  sor- 
rowful connection  with  little  Zipporah.  He  suffered  a  sudden 
misgiving. 

"  Mine  moder  took  it  from  ze  table.  It  bring  me  already  fine 
luck,  it  bring  me  across  ze  water  and  find  liie  work.  Many  have 
ho  work  at  all.  And  it  bring  me  you  I" 

Patrick's  misgivings  vanished  with  his  laugh. 

"  What're  you  giving  me?  You're  the  lively  one  now,  ain't 
you,  like  a  precious  cricket !" 

Zipporah  stowed  the  cloth  carefully  away. 

'*  If  I  ever  see  mine  moder  again,  here  or  anywhere,  she  say 
to  me, '  Where  is  what  I  gif  you  for  zat  luck-piece  ?'  I  say, 
^  Here  also  is  what  mine  luck-piece  brought  me !'  '  Little  Zip- 
porah laughed ;  her  voice  was  a  bit  heavy  to  Irish  ears,  but  it 
was  not  unmusical. 

"  You  get  yourself  a  room  and  look  out  for  yourself  good," 
warned  Patrick  at  the  gate. 

"  You  look  out  good !"  warned  the  small  bride.  "  I  coine 
farder  zan  you  already.  You  go  only  journey  so  lone  " — Zip- 
porah measured  an  inch  on  her  finger — "and  I" — -Zipporah 
stretched  her  arms  wide—  "'  so  far.  Don't  let  no  chicken  get 
you!" 

The  stern  official  at  the  gate  smiled  at  the  ill-assorted  pair. 

"  Go  to  the  train  with  her  if  you  want  to." 

"Mine  husband  get  what  he  ask."  Zipporah  sailed  along, 
head  in  air. 

"Your  husband's  a  big,  important  man,  sure,"  agreed 
Patrick.  At  the  train  step  he  felt  terror.  "  You  got  my  name 
written  down  ?"  He  hunted  vainly  for  a  bit  of  paper  and  a  pencQ. 

Zipporah  shrieked  with  amusement  and  pointed  to  her 
satchd.  Patrick  remembered  the  wedding  certificate. 

"  Don't  you  lose  it,  whatever  you  do !  You  oonld  always  find 
me  with  that.  What  is  yotir  name  T' 

"  Zipporah  Goldinski." 

"By  all  the  saints!"  Cold  sweat  stood  upon  the  brow  of 
Fatri<^  "  That  ain't  your  name !  That  wouldn't  get  you  no- 
where with  the  Army  I  Say '  Mrs.  Patrick  O'Day,  Mrs.  Patrick 
O'Day '  over  tin  times !" 

Zipporah  complied,  shrieking  with  laughter.  Then  she 
sobered.  The  men  in  uniform  were  shouting,  there  were  premoni- 
tory throbbings  through  the  long  train.  "  I  keep  zis  paper,'' 
promised  Zipporah.  "  I  keep  it  good,  Mr.  Patrick  O'Day. 
Good-by!  Good-by!" 

Zipporah  hummed  a  time  most  of  the  way  to  Texas.  She 
confided  her  happiness  and  her  good  I'ortune  to  more  than  one 
seat-mate  in  the  crowded  trains.  She  said  her  new  name  over 
and  over  until  she  was  satisfied  with  its  pronunciation.  She 
gazed  again  and  again  upon  her  certificate. .  She  thought  often 
of  the  pleasant  river  and  of  the  fields  and  of  her  mother's  encir- 
cling arm.  She  believed  she  had  come  millions  of  miles  from 
home.  If,  as  they  said,  the  world  was  round,  she  might  come 
again  to  Russia,  where  she  was  bom.  Patrick  had  confide<l  in 
her  his  deteriuination  to  rise  in  the  service  to  the  lofty  position 
of  corporal,  an  office  which  ZipjKirah  did  not  distinguish  from 
that  of  general.  She  saw  herself,  finely  clad,  walking  beside 
him.  In  public  she  woidd  be  humble,  but  in  private  she  would 
tease  him  about  his  great  sword  and  his  jingling  spurs. 

But  Zipporah's  dreams,  as  pleasant  as  they  were  wild,  had  a 
sudden  and  sad  interruption.  A  dreadful  accident  happened  to 
Zip))orah.  The  precious  paper  was  taken  once  too  often  from 
its  resting-pla<;e  next  the  embroidered  cloth.  Zipporah  smUed 
as  her  eyes  feasted  ujwn  it. 

Then  Zipporah  smiled  no  more.    She  sat  next  the  open  wiiK 

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466 


THE   OUTLOOK 


20  Noreabr 


dow  and  the  wind  caught  the  paper  from  her  grasp  and  whirled 
it  away.  Reaching  madly  after  it,  she  saw  it  carried  like  a  leaf 
on  the  strong  brseze. 

Zipporah  sat  for  a  long  time  white  and  numb.  Then  a  gleam 
of  hope  brightened  her  terror. 

"  I  know  my  name,"  said  she,  faintly.  "  My  name  is —  " 

Now  Zipporah  had  a  bright  mind  and  a  good  memory,  but 
terror  paruiyzed  her  brain.  She  could  not  remember  her  mar- 
ried name.  She  tried  all  the  afternoon  and  moat  of  the  night, 
and  her  efforts  only  drove  the  object  of  her  search  deeper  mto 
her  consciousness. 

But  it  was  not  easy  for  Zipporah  to  be  completely  dis- 
couraged. 

"  I  naf  mine  ticket.  When  I  get  to  zat  place,  I  wiU  wait  and 
he  will  come." 

Zipporah,  however,  sang  no  more  on  her  journey.  Her  eyes 
began  to  look  anxious,  though  she  assured  her  soul  that  there 
was  no  reason  for  anxiety.  Long  befoi-e  she  left  the  train  one 
could  tell  by  a  glance  at  her  that  she  watched  for  some  one.  It 
was  an  expression  so  intense  that  it  was  not  pleasant  to  see.  It 
drew  attention  to  Zipporah. 

Not  only  did  the  loafers  at  the  station  look  at  her,  but  the 
woman  at  whose  house  she  applied  for  a  room  stared  a  little 
doubtfully.  But  Zipporah  had  money,  both  of  her  own  and 
some  that  Patrick  had  given  her.  Though  the  price  was  high, 
she  engaged  a  good  room.  Then,  dressing  herself  in  her  b^t, 
she  sought  the  railway  station.  The  army  traveled  fast;  it 
would  not  be  more  than  a  day  till  Patrick  would  come.  She 
would  not  speak  to  him,  of  course — she  knew  a  little  at  least 
about  military  etiquette ;  but  she  would  let  him  see  her.  Zip- 
porah knew  that  in  her  best  attire  she  was  not  easily  missed. 
Before  she  went  to  the  morning  train  she  took  out  her  luck- 
piece  and  smoothed  it  and  laid  it  back.  In  spite  of  her  assur- 
ance, she  felt  the  need  of  a  little  encouragement. 

'"'  I  will  not  tell  for  a  long  time  zat  I  forgot  my  name." 

Zipporah  stood  still,  frowning.  It  was  curious,  but  she  had 
still  not  the  remotest  idea  what  her  name  might  be. 

"  When  I  get  it,  I  will  never  let  it  go,"  said  Zipporah.  "  I 
will  write  it  on  my  clothes  and  on  mine  self." 

Zipporah  watched  the  trains  for  a  day,  then  for  another  day. 
Recruits  arrived,  their  clothes  in  little  bundles ;  new  bodies  of 
trained  troops  came,  their  khaki  uniforms  sending  shivers  of 
hope  up  and  down  poor  Zi^pbrah's  back.  But  Patrick  did  not 
come.  Like  many  privates  in  the  United  States  Army,  Patrick 
put  too  great  faith  in  his  information  about  the  movement  of 
the  troo})6.  Patrick  and  his  mates  were  not  intended  for  the 
border  town,  but  for  a  camp  in  Columbus,  Ohio.  Moreover, 
Patrick  did  not  know  imtil  his  company  detrained  that  Colum- 
bus, Ohio,  was  his  destination.  It  took  him  long  to  realize  that 
he  and  Zipporah  were  a  thousand  miles  or  more  apart.  When 
he  did  realize  it,  he  was  at  first  as  frightened  as  Zipporah  had 
been.  Tbeii,  like  her,  he  began  to  reason  sensibly. 

"  The  little  cricket  has  her  certificate,"  said  he,  the  blood 
taking  up  once  more  its  natural  course  through  his  veins.  "  She 
knows  her  name  and  she  has  money." 

He  wrote  a  postal  card  to  Zipporah  that  night. 

"  By  the  end  of  the  week  she  can  be  back. 

But  by  the  end  of  the  week  Zipporah  had  not  come.  Then 
Patrick  wrote  a  letter  and  took  the  precaution  to  put  his  name 
on  the  corner  of  the  envelope.  In  the  course  of  time  the  letter 
came  back.    Mrs.  Patrick  O'Day  was  "  not  here." 

Then  Patrick  went  to  his  lieutenant.  The  lieutenant,  set  up 
by  a  little  authority,  looked  upon  his  subordinates  in  rank  as 
inferiors  in  humanity,  and,  unfortunately,  Patrick  in  his  distress 
told  him  a  little  too  much  of  the  short  history  of  his  acquaint- 
ance with  Zipporah.  The  lieutenant  smiled  at  Patrick's  story. 

"  Knew  her  only  a  few  days  ?  Guess  she's  given  you  the  slip." 

Patrick's  face  burned. 

"  That  she  has  not,  sir." 

"  Give  her  any  money  ?" 

'•  Of  course." 

The  lieutenant  smiled  again. 

"  Well,  if  you've  written  and  she  doesn't  answer,  I  don't 
know  what  more  vou  can  do." 

Patrick  with  the  greatest  effort  walked  steadily  out  of  the 
office.  He  had  begun  now  to  be  seriously  alarmed. 


"  Be  sure  the  little  goose  couldn't  have  forgot  her  namer 
said  Patrick  to  himself.  "  But  she  had  her  wedding  lines  T 

That  she  might  have  lost  both  name  and  weddmg  lines  diij 
not  occur  to  Patrick.  He  wrote  again  and  again,  and  a  comnk 
who  hatl  friends  in  the  border  town  wrote  to  them  describinj 
his  case.  At  night  sometimes  he  cried,  being  only  a  boy.  h 
day  he  had  little  time  even  for  thought  It  was  the  winter  oi 
1917,  and  drill  was  incessant.  But  the  process  which  haidcnd 
his  body  did  not  harden  his  souL  He  knew  that  his  Rata 
smiled  at  him,  knew  that  they  believed  he  had  been  trirknl 
They  foimd  plenty  of  friends  of  a  certain  sort  and  urg«>d  bin 
to  follow  their. example.  Sometimes  when  he  saw  a  man  wi 
girl  walking  together  his  heart  filled  with  confused  emodom 
with  longing  and  envy  and  anger  at  fate.  But  he  kept  straigki 
and  saved  his  money.  He  did  not  know  what  more  he  could  in 

When  his  r^^ent  was  ordered  to  move  eastward,  be  w«eI 
to  his  lieutenant  again.  But  the  lieutenant  only  laughed. 

"  I'd  foi^et  her,  O'Day,"  said  he. 

Again  Patrick  did  what  he  could.  He  wrote  still  again  U 
Zipporah.  When  the  regiment  reached  its  camp  in  a  Pau^ri 
vania  town,  he  sent  his  address  to  Colimibus. 

Zipporah  meanwhile  had  visited  the  post  office.  The  |>c(<( 
master  was  gruff. 

"  Name  ?'  he  asked,  sharply. 

"  Goldinski,"  faltered  Zipporah,  white  to  her  lips.  Then  Jih 
made  a  bold  suggestion.  She  asked  whether  she  might  knl 
over  the  letters. 

"  Could  you  look  over  the  letters  ?"  snarled  the  poetmutet 
"  Don't  you  suppose  I  can  read  ?" 

Zipporah  stood  still,  peering  in  at  the  window. 

"  I  naf  forgot  mine  husbant  s  name,"  she  explained,  her  fia 
now  scarlet.  "  He  is  a  new  husbant." 

To  this  the  postmaster  made  no  answer.  He  merdj  loobi 
at  Zipporah.  The  look  sent  Zipporah  away. 

Later  when  letters  for  Mrs.  Patrick  O'Day  had  began  t 
accumulate  in  his  hands  he  remembered  Zipporah.  Botlien 
lazy  and  indifferent,  and  in  deed,  if  not  in  intention,  bmtal  Q 
made  no  effort  to  find  Mrs.  Patrick  O'Day. 

Other  men  had  b^run  by  now  to  look  at  Zipporah.  Ha 
clothes,  which  seemed  to  suit  her  when  she  was  happy,  mi 
her  conspicuous  now  that  she  was  sad.  Besides,  a  raQwaj  sti 
tion  at  which  troops  are  detraining  is  no  place  for  a  yuan 
woman  who  does  not  wish  to  be  looked  at.  Nor  is  the  neigbhe 
hood  of  a  drill-ground  the  place  for  a  young  woman  who  if* 
not  wish  to  be  spoken  to. 

Zipporah,  disregarding  the  unwelcome  stares  and  the  aonoi 
ing  bids  for  acquaintance,  would  have  continued  to  visit  ta 
station  and  the  drill-grounds  if  an  entirely  different  reason  la 
not  kept  her  away.  Zipporah  had  to  find  work.  Seeing  siga 
"  Mending  done  here,"  Zipporah  hung  out  a  sign.  But  Zipw 
rah  took  it  in  the  next  day  ;  then  she  secured  mending  at  » 
ond  hand  through  an  older  and  less  attractive  woman.  In  tk 
evenings  she  still  watched  the  trains  and  on  Thursday  aftemoa 
she  watched  the  regimental  drills.  She  did  not  care  what  petnl 
thought. 

Once  or  twice  she  told  her  trouble  to  other  soldiers'  wiv«.  J 
few  sympathized  with  her  ;  the  others,  secure  in  the  posesB»< 
of  their  own  husbands,  smiled  at  her.  She  heard  the  same  M 
of  consolation  which  Patrick  had  heard. 

'*  There's  nothin'  too  mean  for  a  man  to  do.  I  wouldn't  i« 
no  faith  in  him." 

Presently  Zipporah  fell  sick.  She  had  spent  many  long  mC* 
in  airless,  crowded  rooms ;  she  had  had  now  for  weeks  inte*^ 
anxiety.  When  she  was  better,  she  could  no  longer  say  »i" 
pride,  "  I  pay  for  mine  self."  She  owed  her  landlady  tla* 
dollars,  and  the  landlady  feared  that  she  might  not  get  her  pt<i 
To  her,  in  partial  settlement  of  her  account,  Zippoiah  gaw  •* 
best  of  her  clothes  and  the  shiny  satchel.  The  landlady  looks 
with  longing  at  Zipporah's  embroidered  cloth.  It  wa*  a  piew^ 
work  calculated  to  catch  the  eye  of  both  layman  and  artist 

"  I'll  coimt  off  five  dollars  for  that." 

Zipporah  smiled  faintly.  Now  that  she  felt  better  and  tM 
some  of  her  debt  was  paid  she  was  happier. 

"  Zat  is  mine  luck-piece." 

When  she  went  out,  she  heard  exciting  news.  The  troops 
ordered  to  the  East.    From  there  they  would  sail  aero*  • 

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918 


THE   OUTLOOK 


467 


icean.  All  boats,  Zipporah  believed,  sailed  from  New  York. 
Sew  York  was  borne.  Zipporah  b^an  to  cry : 

"  I  will  go  back.  I  wul  go  to  zat  place  where  mine  husbant 
ras  a  soldier,  and  I  will  find  him." 

Now  fate  seemed  to  befriend  Zipporah.  in  the  same  house 
ived  a  sergeant's  wife  who  was  about  to  go  East.  She  was  ill 
md  unable  to  look  after  her  three  children,  and  she  offered  to 
lay  Zipporah  five  dollars  and  her  fare  to  the  East.  She  would 
lave  offered  her  more  if  she  had  not  known  that  Zipporah 
rould  have  be^i  willing  to  walk. 

^  It'll  be  Gettysburg  in  Pennsylvania.  It  ain't  far  from  New 
fork." 

Zipporah  could  have  kissed  the  hem  of  her  dress.  The  chil- 
[ren  were  notoriously  naughty  children,  but  she  would  have 
^eed  to  take  care  of  young  tigers.  She  was  not  yet  entirely 
irell,  and  there  was  a  red  spot  in  each  cheek  and  her  voice  was 
.  little  hoarse,  but  her  heart  sang.  It  seemed  to  her  as  the  days 
lassed  and  the  train  carried  them  northward  that  she  comd 
aiell  the  sea  as  she  had  smelled  it  in  New  York.  Presently  she 
rould  see  the  tall  buildings.  Then  how  quickly  she  would  fly 
o  the  armory ! 

But  Gettysbui^  is  not  near  the  sea.  Zipporah,  arriving  at 
lark  with  the  sergeant's  family,  was  compelled  to  stay  for  a 
light.  When  her  kxlgfine  was  paid,  she  had  not  enough  money 
nt  for  a  ticket  to  New  York.  But  it  would  not  take  long  to 
urn  the  little  which  she  1acke<l.  It  must  be  found  quickly,  smce 
t  was  said  that  each  day  troop  ships  were  leaving  New  York, 
iid  it  might  be  any  kind  of  work  so  that  it  paid  her  money, 
'ipporah,  in  the  worn  blue  silk  dress  and  the  white  shoes  which 
lone  were  left  of  her  grandeur,  set  to  washing  dishes  in  the 
itchen  of  a  boarding-house  near  the  camp.  She  forced  herself 
rt  be  gay.  She  showed  her  employer  the  first  evening  her  pre- 
iouB  table-cover — sooner  or  later  Zipporah  showed  ner  table- 
over  to  every  one  whom  she  knew. 

"  It  brings  me  luck." 

The  landlady-looked  greedily  at  it. 

"  I'll  give  you  two  doUars  for  it." 

"  Not  on  ze  life !"  said  Zipporah. 

Zipporah  did  not  look  at  the  soldiers  who  went  past  by  thon- 
ands.  She  had  now  a  fixed  idea  that  Patrick  would  be  m  New 
'ork,  and  these  troops  had  no  interest  for  her.  She  worked  in 
be  kitchen  from  morning  till  night,  and  then  she  went  exhausted 
i)  her  hot  room  under  the  roof.  She  had  presently  all  but  ten 
ents  for  ber  ticket. 

Then,  alas!  came  days  when  Zipporah  could  not  work.  But 
be  laughed  soomfidly  when  the  landlady  asked  her  about  her 
ealth. 

"  I  haf  tiot'ing  ze  matter  wit'  me,"  said  Zipporah.  After  the 
mdlady  had  gone  she  lay  staring  at  the  wall.  As  she  lay  there 
be  was  losing  what  she  had  gained. 

A  day  passed,  and  another  and  another.  Zipporah's  strength 
ras  exniausted.  Her  malady  was  not  yet  serious,  but  it  would 
eoome  serious  unless  Zipporah  could  promptly  have  rest  and 
eaoe  of  mind.  She  scarcely  heard  now  the  sound  of  marching 
f^t  and  the  music  of  bugles  at  hand  ;  she  saw  only  boats  stream- 
ig  out  to  sea  crowded  with  khaki-clad  figures.  She  did  not 
ream  that  meanwhile  among  the  thousands  that  went  up  and 
own  the  street  walked  Patrick  O'Day,  now  a  sergeant,  hand- 
omer  than  before,  self-assured,  a  fine  soldier  though  he  was 
nhappy.  He  passed  within  a  few  yards  of  Zipporah's  bed,  his 
ame  was  even  shouted  by  a  comrade  under  Zipporah's  window, 
tut  the  chance  that  he  would  find  Zipporah  or  that  Zipporah 
rould  find  him  was  small. 

One  afternoon  a  young  man  rapped  at  Zipporah's  door.  The 
indlady  was  terrified  lest  her  lodger  might  never  rise  from  her 
«hI,  ana  she  had  sent  for  a  doctor.  The  doctor  examined  Zippo- 
ab  carefully  and  asked  her  many  questions.  Zipporah  wished 
a  be  polite,  and  she  drew  from  under  her  pillow  her  little 
ackage. 

"  Mine  luck-piece.  Mine  inoder,  she  make  it  in  Russia.  She 
ne  sewer.  While  I  haf  it  I  am  all  right.  1  am  lucky  person." 
iipporab  looked  toward  the  door.  ''  She  want  to  buy  it  to  put 
u  ze  table  in  her  window.  It  is  not  for  such  tables.  She  is  not 
iiderstanding.  Dis  Gett'sburg  small  place." 

The  doctor  found  the  landlady  waiting  downstairs  with  her 
ears  and  complaints. 


"  There's  a  woman  down  street  has  a  soldier's  wife  and  chil- 
dren on  her  hands  and  not  a  penny  for  two  weeks,  and  they 
ain't  heard  from  him.  I  bet  lots  of  these  men  have  more  than 
one  wife." 

The  doctor  frowned. 

"  She  tells  an  extraordinary  story.  Some  inquiries  ought  to 
be  made.  She's  not  in  a  bad  way  yet,  but  she  must  rest  and  do 
nothing.'  The  sanitariums  aren't  taking  any  one  in  on  account 
of  the  short^e  of  doctors,  but  I  think  1  can  get  her  in." 

The  landlady  went  upstairs  again  and  sat  down  on  Zipporah's 
bed.  She  looked  with  hungry  eyes  at  the  pillow  under  which 
Zipporah's  luck-piece  lay. 

'*  I  ou  owe  me  five  dollars,"  said  she  in  a  hard  tone. 

Zipporah,  lying  curled  up  like  a  squirrel,  shivered. 

"  I  will  pay  it.  To-morrow  I  will  get  up.  I  pay  always  for 
mine  self.' 

"  You  must  give  me  security,"  said  the  woman.  "  It  ain't 
honest  to  lay  here  this  way." 

Zipporah  grew  deadly  white.  Then  she  put  her  habd  under 
the  pillow  and  drew  out  a  little  pack^e.  At  this  momtat  hope 
died.  She  shut  her  eyes  so  that  she  might  not  see  the  package 
pass  from  her  hand. 

"  To-morrow  the  doctor  will  take  you  to  the  hospital.  To  get 
well,"  the  woman  added  grudgingly. 

All  that  night  the  rain  felH  turning  the  camp-ground  into  a 
morass  and  the  streets  of  the  town  into  rivers.  Zipporah  heard 
it  all  night.  She  thought  of  Patrick,  lost  to  her  forever  ;  she 
thought  of  her  penniless  condition ;  she  thought  of  her  mother's 
embroidery  hanging  over  the  little  table  where  it  could  be  seen 
from  the  street,  and  where  it  would  soon  be  faded  and  soiled ; 
and  she  thought  of  the  hospital — to  Zipporah  hospital  spelled 
doom. 

"  Few  and  evil  have  been  the  days  of  mine' life,"  said  little 
Zipporah. 

In  the  morning  the  sun  shone  brightly.  The  landlady  opened 
her  shutters  wide  so  that  all  mi^t  see  her  possession.  She 
looked  gloatingly  at  its  bells  and  pomegranates,  she  stroked 
the  fine  linen.  Twice  in  the  morning  she  left  her  work  and 
went  iato  the  dingy  parlor.  Others  were  now  looking  at  her 
treasure. 

Presently  a  tall  soldier  stopped  to  stare.  But  he  looked  for 
only  a  second;  then,  alas  for  Zipporah!  he  turned  away.  It 
seemed  that  little  Gettysburg,  where  so  many  thousand  fond 
hopes  have  come  to  grief,  was  to  be  the  scene  of  another  tragic 
though  unimportant  incident.  But  he  came  back  and  looked 
again.  He  rapmed  on  the  door,  which  opened  directly  into  the 
littleparlor.  The  landlady  was  frightened  by  Ids  bold  look. 

"Where  did  you  get  that?"  Patrick  pointed  with  an  eager 
finger; 

The  landlady  could  be  bold  also.  But  she  trembled.  Had  her 
lodger  stolen  the  table-cover? 

"  It  is  none  of  your  business  where  I  got  it,"  said  she. 

The  young  man  came  a  little  closer.  His  next  remark  made 
the  landlady  certain. 

"  You  answer  me  or  I'll  have  the  camp  police  here  in  two 
seconds !" 

"  I  got  it  from  my  kitchen  girl." 

"What  kitchen  giri?" 

"  A  kitchen  girl  that's  takin'  a  room  and  f(K>d  and  ain't 
workin'  or  payin'." 

"Where  is  she?" 

"  In  the  attic." 

"  What  does  she  look  like  ?" 

"She'saJew,  she— " 

But  the  stranger  listened  to  no  more.  He  Htarte<l  toward  the 
stairway.  Then  he  looked  back  and  saw  the  landlady's  ixtssess- 
ing  eyes  upon  the  embroidered  cloth.  He  lifted  it  from  the  table 
and  started  up  the  steps.  The  second  flight  led  directly  into 
Zipporah's  room.  There  the  landlady  neard  only  a  single 
cry.  The  shock  of  surprise  set  the  clogged  wheels  of  memory 
revolving  once  more. 

"  Mine  Patrick  O'Day !"  cried  Zipporah,  without  the  least 
effort  to  remember. 

There  are  some  people  in  the  world  who  are  sorry  for  the 
good  fortune  of  otheis.  The  landlady  was  one  of  them.  She 
went  back  into  her  kitchen  muttering. 


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THE   OUTLOOK 


20  November 


c^^^^fe^o 


(C)   1S18  HELEN  M.   WEBSTER 


66 


DEAR  JOHN  MARTIN 


w 


AN   INTERVIEW 


THIS  was  the  greeting  that  began  them 
all  in  that  one  day's  mail  it  was  my 
good  fortune  to  see.  Some  were 
printed,  some  were  scrawled  in  the 
most  labored  of  third-grade  vertical,  some 
were  in  pencil,  some  much  too  lavish  with 
ink,  but  they  all  told  the  same  story  of  a 
child's  utter  confidence  and  deep  affection 
for  a  very  real  friend. 

I  had  started  out  to  discover  something 
about  the  man  who,  the  postman  on  my 
block  said,  "  got  more  kia  mail  than  any 
man  in  the  country."  And  this  is  what  I 
leaned,  from  various  associates  and  from 
the  man  John  Martin  himself : 

"  Yes,"  said  he,  "  my  work  is  an  exam- 
ple of  a  man's  fun  being  turned  into  busi- 
ness. Years  ago  I  began  writing  letters  to 
children  because  I  loved  them  and  because 
it  was  a  revival  of  youth  to  think  back  to 
the  juvenile  point  of  view.  When  the  San 
Francisco  fire  came  along,  it  swept  away 
everything  that  was  my  business  at  that 
time  and  landed  me  in  New  York.  Then 
I  bethought  me  that  perhaps  I  could  do  a 
thing  that  I  loved  to  do,  and  I  began  to 
write  letters  in  earnest  to  children,  thou- 
sands of  them." 

I  saw  some  of  these  letters,  now  "  rare  " 
copies.  They  were  in  facsimile  hand- 
writing, or  hand  printing,  or  typewriting, 
with  pictures  everywhere,  about  birds  and 
flowers  and  animals,  and  sometimes  of 
queer  little  creatures  that  could  find  habi- 
tation only  in  a  child's  fancy.  And  if  you 
can  imagine  swinging  on  the  gate  till  the 
postman  comes  and  hands  you  a  really, 
truly  letter  with  your  name  on  it,  from  Peter 
Pan,  or  Dick,  the  police  horse,  or  an  Ant- 
arctic Pelican,  or  a  little  Hopi  Indian,  you 
will  have  some  idea  of  the  lure  of  those 
John  Martin  letters  for  the  fortunate  chil- 
dren who  got  them. 

These  lettei-s  achieved  a  large  ethical 
success,  but  there  was  not  in  them  the  pos- 
sibility of  wide  usefulness  or  financial  secu- 


rity, since  their  intensely  personal  chartoter 
prevented  income  from  advertising  or  any 
source  beyond  the  subscription  price.  They 
were  the  means,  however,  of  bringing  John 
Martin's  name  prominently  before  the 
public  through  several  of  the  popular  jour- 
nals to  which  he  contributed  in  a  similar 
vein.  The  demand  for  the  letters  disclosed 
a  need,  and  John  Martin's  Book,  now  com- 
pleting its  sixth  year,  was  the  logical 
outgrowth  of  these  beginnings,  enlarged, 
expanded,  and  diversined,  but  still  pre- 
serving the  personal  quality. 

The  obvious  purpose  of  the  book  is  to 
provide  for  children  one  mt^azine  of  the 
same  dignity  and  appeal  as  is  supplied  to 
mature  readers  in  such  variety.  Children 
have  never  before  had  a  high-class,  forma- 
tive magazine  for  those  most  important 
years  in  their  entire  lives,  the  years  from 
three  to  ten.  Impressions  received  during 
that  period,  either  for  good  or  evil,  are 
never  effaced.  Psychologists  even  go  so  far 
as  to  say  that  characters  are  formed  by  the 
ninth  year.  This  magazine  is  planned  to 
hold  the  ;  attention  of  children  from  the 
time  they  begin  to  look  at  pictures  and 
listen  to  stories  until  they  are  ten  or  eleven 
years  old,  varying  with  uie  individual,  and 
turn  to  Popular  Mechanics  and  St. 
Nicholas.  In  common  with  editors  of 
mature  magazines,  John  Martin  has  a  very 
definite  policy,  and  that  is  to  present 
constructive  thought  only.  John  Martin's 
Book  is  informative  and  educational  with- 
out being  pedagogic,  and  is  lavishly  sup- 
plied wim  fun  and  merriment.  All  sugges- 
tions of  fear,  deceit,  cruelty,  and  naugnty 
mischief  are  scrupulously  excluded. 

"  We  never  talk  down  to  the  child,"  said 
John  Martin,  "but  rather  with  him — in 
fact,  we  like  to  feel  that  the  magazine  is 
the  mouthpiece  of  childhood,  voicing  its 
ideas,  thoughts,  and  aspirations.  Even  our 
advertisements  are  written  especially  for 
our  juvenile  ])ublic,  and  at  a  forfeit  of  many 

Tlie  Outlook  Advertising  Section 


Uiousands  of  dollars  we  have  kept  out  all 
advertised  articles  of  which  we  cannoi 
write  freely  to  children." 

Having  heard  that  this  name,  John  Mar- 
tin, was  an  acquired  one,  I  ventured  to  a^ 
its  history.  "  That  story  is  almost  as  old  as 
I  am,"  said  he.  "  I  was  brought  up  on  a 
remote  plantation  on  the  banks  of  the 
Potomac,  with  my  motlier  my  only  play- 
fellow. She  bnUt  up  for  me  a  marvekras 
world  of  magic,  passing  easily  from  the 
animals  and  growing  tilings  about  us  to  the 
fanciful  creatures  of  legend  and  dreams. 
In  the  garden  was  a  martin  house,  and  thi« 
feathered  tenement  became  the  renter  of 
all  our  make-believe.  She  had  a  name  for 
every  bird  and  seemed  to  know  them.  I 
remember  how  impatiently  I  would  watrli 
them  fly  out,  and  beg  to  know  iust  whirb 
ones  had  gone,  for  thus  would  I  have  ms 
clue  as  to  uie  kind  of  stories  I  should  pres- 
ently hear.  You  see,  every  bird  broogfat  a 
message  from  the  big  world  back  to  the 
little  bird-house :  King  Arthur,  Rovena, 
Launcelot,  and  Ivanhoe,  of  knighthno<t 
and  chivalry ;  Silly  Simon  and  Mother 
Goose,  of  nonsense  and  merriment ;  Alir<'. 
of  extravagant  fancy,  and  so  on,  until  the 
heroes  of  myth,  legend,  and  history  became 
as  well  known  to  me  as  the  geese  tha: 
chased  me  away  from  the  back  door.  Little 
John,  of  the  martin  birds,  was  my  favorite, 
however,  for  he  was  cheerier  and  busier, 
faster  and  stronger  than  the  rest,- and  ii 
was  to  him  and  those  charmed  years  that 
I  harked  back  when  I  appropriated  his 
name  and  undertook  to  carry  on  kia  mes- 
sage to  the  world's  childhood." 

This  man  with  the  child  heart,  I  discov- 
ered, has  had  a  wide  and  versatile  career. 
Perhaps  the  Central  American  adventures 
and  his  Far  West  cowboy  days  lend  to  ht$ 
book'  the  virility  and  "  punch  "  tliat  the 
small  boy  finds  therein ;  and  snrt- ly  the 
years  spent  in  bookbinding  and  design  ami 
the  tutelage  in  book-printmg  with  masters 
of  that  craft  find  expression  in  the  pages 
of  this  unique  juvenile. 

"  I  have  a  theory,"  said  the  artist-erea- 
tor,  "  that  many  impressions  of  refinement, 
charm,  and  taste,  wnich  have  come  to  most 
of  us  only  with  study  and  travel,  may  be 
inculcated  during  tlie  unfolding  years  of 
childhood." 

Even  a  casual  inspection  of  the  mi^- 
zine  shows  that,  from  a  printer's  point  of 
view,  it  is  typographically  excellent  ami 
adheres  to  certain  accepted  standards  of 
form  and  taste,  with  tlie  intention  that 
children  will  thus  become  accustomed  to 
the  appearance  of  a  well-printed  pa^  Be- 
cause line  and  mass  are  more  readily  cli»- 
tinguished  by  childish  eyes,  the  illustratioiu 
are  in  line-cut  instead  of  half-tone.  The 
art  is  as  good  as  it  can  be  made,  and  fre- 
quent adaptations  from  Crane,  Craig,  Fias- 
maii,  Dttrer,  Crawhall,  our  own  Howani 
Pyle,  and  even  from  tlie  Orientals,  Hokusai 
and  Hiroshlge,  are  unconsciously  forming 
a  taste  for  good  art  which  will  be  recog- 
nized in  later  developing  childhood. 

"  It  is  customaiy,'  said  I,  "  to  ask  of  al! 
publications  where  they  stand  in  politi<^ 
and  religion,  but  perhaps  a  juvenile  is  not 
required  to  answer." 

"  That  is  not  such  an  absurd  question  a» 
one  might  think,"  rejoined  the  ecutor,  **  bat 
I  believe  we  are  safe  in  making  patriotasnt 
the  political  creed  of  our  book,  and  I  en- 
deavor to  allow  no  number  to  leave  mr 
desk  which  does  not  definitely  uphold  tht 

Principles  of  personal  and  national  honor, 
n  the  matter  of  religion,"  he  continnni. 
"  though  not  orthodox,  we  strive  to  inspirv 


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THE   OUTLOOK 


469 


"  Jhar  John  Martin  "  (Continued) 
reverence  for  a  loving  ami  protecting  God, 
this  withoat  dogma  or  specified  creed.  I 
believe  that  these  elemenU,  patriotism  and 
reverence,  will  go  far  toward  making  good 
ritizens  of  to-day's  children." 

It  is  hard  for  one  accustomed  to  the  at- 
mosphere of  the  ordinary  business  office  to 
reabze  the  earnestness  and  joy  with  which 
this  work  is  done.  I  found  in  this  man  an 
enthusiasm  amounting  almost  to  a  passion 
for  tlie  preservation  of  ideals  in  childhood, 
«nd  I  sensed  somewhat  the  material  strug- 
gle the  ipagazine  must  have  undergone  to 
iiiaiirf|M»  the  high  standards  that  have  been 

set  (Bn. 

"  Irtl  said  of  me,"  chuckled  this  ideal- 
ist, "  that '  John  Martin  will  have  to  let  go 
of  his  wild  star-dream  and  come  down  to 
earth  and  real  business.'  If  by  that  they 
mean  letting  down  the  bars  to  what  is  less 
than  the  best  and  exploiting  the  confidence 
I  have  gained  among  mothers  and  children, 
business  will  have  to  wait.  My  contention 
that  a  serious  adherence  to  principle  pays 
is  proven  by  the  generous  support  oi  our 
work  by  thoughtful  people,  even  in  these 
difficult  war  years." 

In  the  elevated  train,  after  my  interest- 
ing morning,  I  was  looking  over  the  cur- 
rent number  of  John  Martm's  Book,  when 
1  spied  opposite  me  a  wriggling  mite  of 
five  in  a  Iiign  state  of  excitement  "Mother," 
came  a  load  whisper  across  the  intervening 
aisle,  "  that  man  has  my  book  !"  In  vain 
the  mother  tried  to  explain  how  any  one 
could  have  the  book  by  paying  for  it  at  a 
news-stand.  "  No,  it's  my  book  !"  insisted 
this  confirmed  Joliin-martiner,  and  she  con- 
tinued to  acowl  at  me  with  accusing  eyes 
until  an  embarrassed  motlier  retired  her, 
still  protesting,  at  the  next  station. 

As  I  proceeded  doMmtown  into  the  whirl 
of  Alannattan  with  its  war  conti-acts  and  its 
losacommittees,  I  could  readily  see  why  wise 
and  discTMbinatuig  parents,  the  country 
over,are  recognizing  tne  value  and  necessity 
of  an  influence  like  John  Martin's  Book 
for  thft-ehildren  of  to-day  who  are  to  be  the 
citizens  of  to-morrow,  and  are  supporting 
it  in  such  a  whole-hearted  manner. 

(AdvrrtiaemenI) 


THE   NEW  BOOKS 


This  deportment  will  iootnde  descriptive  notes,  with  or  withont  brief  oomments,  about  books  reoeived 
by  The  Ontlook.    Many  of  the  iiuportaat  books  will  have  more  extended  and  oritical  treatment  later 

man's  genuineness  and  nobility.  The  con- 
tributions of  Whitman  himself  to  this  cor- 
respondence, as  published  here,  are  almost 
negligible. 


BOOKS  FOB  TOtTNO  FOLKS 
Fighting  for  Fairrtew.  By  William  Heyliger. 
Illastrated.   D.  Appleton  A  Co.,  New  York. 

Firecracker  Jane.   By  Alice  CalhOnn  Hsine*. 

Henry  Holt  &  Co.,  New  York.   $1.60. 
Girls  of  '64.    By   Emilie   Benson    Enipe    and 

Alden  Arthur  Knipe.  Illustrated.   The  Mao- 

millan  Company,  New  Yoik.   $1.35. 
Uandioraft  for  Boys.  By  A.  Frederick  Collins. 

lUnstiated.  The  Frederiek  A.  Stokes  Com- 

pwiy.  New  York.  flJSO. 

Hindu  Fairy  Tales.  Retold  for  Children.  By 
Florence  Qriswold.  Illustrated.  The  Lothrop, 
Lee  &  Shepard  Company,  Boston.   91.25. 

Jimmie  the  Sixth.  By  Frances  R.  Sterrett. 
Illustrated.  D.  Appleton  liis  Co.,  New  York. 
$1.50. 

JoIlT  Boole  of  Fonoraft  (The).  By  Patten 
Beard.  Illnsttated.  The  Frederick  A.  Stokes 
Company,  New  York.   $1.S0. 

Idttle  Cnba  Iiibre.  A  Story  of  Cnban  Patriots 
for  Children  Yonngr  and  Old.  By  Janie  Priob- 
aid  Dnggan.  Illustrated.  Little,  Brown  &  Co., 
Boston.  S1.35. 

Little  Hbnee  in  the  Woods  (The).  By  Clara 
Whitehill  Hunt.  Ulnstrationa.  Houghton  Mif- 
flin Company,  Boston.  $1J)5. 

lattle  Maid  of  Old  Oonnecticnt  (A).  By 
Alioe  Turner  Curtis.  Illustrated.  The  Peon 
Publishing  Company,  Philadelphia.  91, 

lione  Ball's  Mistake.  A  Lodg»  Pole  Chief 
Story.  By  James  WiUardSohnlta.  Illustrated. 
Hongrhton  Mifflin  Company,  Boston,  $1.35. 

Loyalty  of  Elixabeth  Bess  (The).  By  B^  C. 
Soott.  The  Macmillan  Ck>mpany,  New  York. 
$1.35. 

BIOORAPHT 

Ljetters  of  Anne  Oilchrist  and  Walt  Whit- 
man (The).   Kdited  by  Thomas  B.  Hamed. 
Illustrated.    Doobleday,  Page  A  Co.,  Garden 
City.   $2. 
These  outpourings  of  devotion  on  the 
part  of  a  gifted  woman  to  an  ideal  sepa- 
rated from  her  by  the  Atlantic  are  real 
love  letters,  not  mere  expressions  of  liter- 
ary homage.  When  finally  Mrs.  Gilchrist's 
devotion  brought  her  to  America  and  to 
personal  acquaintance  with  this  ideal,  her 
admiration    for    the   poet,   then   old  and 
paralyzed,  remained  undimmed.  That  fact 
IS   tlie  finest  possible  testimony  to  Wliit- 


Regalar  Price 

OF 

JOHNMARTOrS 
BOOK 

$4.00 

A  YEAR 


JOHN  MARTIN'S  BOOK  TheUeai 

MAGAZINE  BOOK  (or  children  from  three  to  ten  years  old. 

♦  SPECIAL  14  MONTHS'  OFFER  ♦ 

for   $4.00,   LESS  THAN    A  CENT   A   DAY 
for 


the  child's  real  happiness  during  14  lurry  tnontlu.  For  wise  and  loving  mental  aud  moral  guidance. 

plars  and  things  to  do  and  make.   For  fairy  tales,  bedtime  stories,  history  simply 

told,~and  wholesome  tun  and  nonsense.   For  Bible  stories,  classio  tales,  and  merry  rhymes.    For 


For  games,  songs,  pli 

told,  and  wholesome  .— . , — , 

an  umoat  ladeetmctible  book  with  hundreds  of  pictures,  many  in  colors. 

IN  ADDITION  TO  ALL  THIS  AND  MOKE 

every  little  subscrilwr  receives  a  personal  Introduction  Letter  from  John  Martin  telling  that  you 
send  the  gift.  At  Christiuns  time  a  pretty  Christmas  card  goes  to  the  child,  and  other  sorprues 
during  the  year. 

JOHN  MARTIN'S  BOOK 
is  a  wonderful  supplement  to  the  mother's  hopes  and  ideals  for  her  children  in  making  feariesa, 
truthful,  obedient,  and  patriotic  LITTLE  AMEUICANS. 

SUBSCRIBE  7VOIK  USING  THE  COUPON  APPEARING  ONLY  IN  THE  OUTLOOK 


SUBSCRIBE 
NOW 

m^  lb  ci^M 
•Wtnist  tslTB 
ThOMM.  Ofc 

EXPIRES 
DEC  31st 


JOHN  MARTIN'S  HOUSE,  128  Wot  BSth  St..  New  York 

Eadowi  bid  *4.00  (Fntdsn  sod  Cuudiu  Subniptiaa  *4.50|  for  which  piruc  Mod  JOHN 
MARTIN'S  BOOK  hx  14  MONTHS.  be«iaiiiBC  with  Notosiia.  1916,  i 


OiiU't  Nunc  - 
Street  AddreM- 


Cky  sad  Stole 
hMBMtibed  by         — 
SeUoiber't  Addtna- 


(PkoM  lUk  your  nbUhmhip  to  (At  Child  J 


TRAVEL  AND  DEBCRIPnON 
Pathfinders  of  the  West.    By  A.  C.  Laut. 

Illustrated.    The  Macmillan   Company,    New 
York.   «2.25. 

Here  is  a  simply  written  but  dramatic 
account  of  some  of  the  explorers  of  western 
North  America.  Two  oi  them,  Radisson 
and  Groseillers,  are  comparatively  un- 
known to  fiime,  and  their  story  gives  an 
element  of  novelty  to  the  book  that  will 
attract  many  readers. 
Sketches  in  Duneland.  By  Eari  H.  Reed. 

Dlnstrated.  The  John  Lane  Compttny,  New 

York.   82.50. 

WAB  BOOKS 

Achievement  of  the  British  Navy  in  the 
World  War  (The).  ByJoho  LeyUnd.  Illus- 
trated. The  Oeorge  H.  Doran  Company,  New 
York.   $1. 

Doctor's  Part  (The).  What  Huipens  to  the 
Wounded  in  War.  By  James  Robb  Chnioh, 
A.M..  M.D.  Foreword  by  Major-General 
William  C.  Oorgas.  Illustrated.  D.  Appleton 
&  Co.,  New  York.  $LfiO. 

Kntehts  of  the  Air.  By  Lieutenant  Bennett  A. 

Molter.  Illustrated.    D.  Appleton  &  Co.,  New 

York.    »l.nO. 
Stakes  of  the  War.    By  T.  Lothron  Stoddard 

and  Glenn  Frank.  Dluatraied  with  Maps.  The 

Century  Company,  New  York  City.  82.50. 
This  book  will  be  of  ereat  value  to  all 
who  are  interested  in  studying  the  political 
problems  which  must  grow  out  of  the  war. 
The  making  of  a  new  map  of  Europe  will 
be  quite  as  great  a  problem  for  the  states- 
men after  the  war  as  the  war  has  been  for 
the  military  commanders.  If  all  the  people 
of  Europe  recognized  brotherhood,  if  they 
all  believed  in  "  live  and  let  Uve,"  if  they 
desired  liberty  not  only  for  themselves  but 
for  all  their  fellow-men,  there  would  be  no 
great  European  problem.  But  how  to  ad- 
just the  various  relations  of  the  different 
nations  and  the  different  races  so  as  to 
protect  Uie  rights  of  all  and  secure  in  a 
reasonable  degree  peace  for  the  future  is  a 
problem  of  the  greatest  difficulty.  This 
Dook  makes  no  attempt  to  solve  the  prob- 
lem, but  puts  its  elements  before  the  reader 
with  great  clearness.  The  excellent  maps 
show  the  geographical  relations  of  the 
different  nationabties  and  provinces,  such 
as  Alsace-Lorraine,  Schleswig-Holstoin, 
Finland,  the  Baltic  Provinces,  the  Czecho- 
slovak territories,  and  these  maps  are 
accompanied  with  information  respecting 
the  size  and  nature  of  the  populations  and 
their  political  history  and  economic  condi- 
tions. The  book  will  be  almost  a  necessity 
to  any  one  writing  on  this  complicated 
theme. 

HlBCKLLAintOUB 

PrrparinK  Women  for  Citizenship.  By 
Helen  Ring  Robinaoo.  The  Macmillan  Com- 
pany, New  York.   tl. 

Story  of  The  San  (The).  By  Frank  M.  O'Brien, 
illustrated.  The  George  H.  Doran  Company, 
New  York.    $3. 

Every  reader  of  the  New  York  "  Sun  " 
who  has  read  that  paper  long  enough  to 
make  his  allegiance  to  it  tmquestiomng — 
and  sometimes,  it  seems,  the  reading  of  a 
single  copy  may  win  this  fealty — will  want 
to  own  this  book.  It  gives  the  history  of  a 
newspaper  that  has  been  dominated  from 
the  beginning  by  strong  and  interesting 
uersonuities,  and  tliey  here  form  Uie  vitM 
Dackgronnd  for  a  narrative  that  has  the 
characteristir  features  of  that  distinctive 
thing  in  journalism,  a  "  Sun  story." 


Digitized  by  V:i 


oogle 


470 


THE  OUTLOOK 


WEEKLY  OUTLINE  STUDY  OF 
CURRENT  HISTORY 

BY  J.   MADISON   GATHANY,   A.M. 

BOPK  STSKET  HIGH  SCHOOL.  PROTIDKNCB.  R.  L 

Based  on  The  Outlook  of  November  IS,  1918 

Bkeh  waakan  Oatlina  Stndy  of  Caneat  Hiitory  bawd  oathe  preasdinK  nnmbar  of  Tha  Ontlook  will 
ba  printad  for  tba  baneflt  of  aunsnt  eTenta  oUiMa,  debatiiig  dnba,  taaohan  of  hiatorj  and  of  BiiglUH,  and 
the  like,  and  for  lue  in  the  home  and  by  aaob  indiTidiutl  raadara  aa  may  deain  maeatioiu  inthe  ierions 
■tody  of  oomnt  hiatory, — Thk  Bditobs. 

fnioae  who  am  naing  the  weekly  oatlina  ahoold 
not  attempt  to  ooTer  tha  whole  of  an  outline  in  any 
one  leaaon  or  atndy.  Aiaign  for  one  leaaon  selected 
qneatioaa,  one  or  two  propositiaaa  for  diaonasion,  and 
only  audi  words  aa  are  foond  in  the  material  aaricned . 
Or  diatribnte  aeleeted  qneations  amone  dimrant 
membeia  of  the  claas  or  gronp  and  haTe  them 
nport  their  findings  to  all  when  aaaembled.  Then 
hare  all  diaeaas  the  qneatioBS  toKether.] 


I — vsnxssA.nasAiM  affaibs 

A.  Topic  :  Germany  and  the  Allies'  Tenns ; 

Continued  Victory ;  Austria-Hungary 
Out  of  the  War;  The  Surrender  of 
.  Turkey ;  Shall  "We  Punish  Germany  ? 
Se/erenee:  Pages  397,  398,  399,  402, 403. 
Queetums: 

L  State  and  discuss  the  significance  of 
the  Grerman  representatives  going  to  Mar- 
shal Foch  to  get  the  terms  of  the  armistice. 
2.  Before  this  war  "  freedom  of  the  seas  " 
always  meant  the  right  of  the  nations,  on 
equal  terms,  in  time  of  peace  but  not  in 
time  of  war,  to  sail  their  merchant  vessels 
anywhere  on  the  high  seas,  subject  only  to 
\oeal  port  restrictions.  By  "  freedoni  of  the 
seas  Germany  means  the  unrestricted 
passage  of  merchant  vessels  in  war  as  in 
peace.  Discuss  why  Germany  was  so 
anxious  to  have  this  phrase  construed  her 
way.  Give,  with  reasons,  which  of  these 
meanings  this  phrase  should  bear  after  this 
war.  3.  On  what  terms  did  Austria-Hun- 
gary and  Turkey  surrender?  IMseuss  some- 
what at  length  the  meaning  of  their  sur- 
render. 4.  According  to  The  Outlook,  what 
things  depend  on  the  right  solving  of  the 
Turkish  question  ?  What,  is  that  ques- 
tion? How,  in  your  opinion,  should  it  be 
solved?  5.  Discuss  the  advisability  and 
the  necessity  of  the  end  of  the  Haps- 
burg  dominion.  6.  IMscnss  whether  there 
is  BufiScient  reason  for  believing  that  the 
world  has  entered  upon  an  era  in  which 
democracy  will  be  the  only  source  of  power 
in  national  and  international  s3Sairs. 
7.  What,  in  the  opinion  of  The  Outlook, 
are  some  of  the  natural  punishments  that 
Germany  will  suffer  without  any  infliction 
&om  the  Allies  ?  Are  you  as  sure  as  The 
Outlook  is  that  Germany  will  suffer  these 

Eoishments  unless  they  are  administered 
the  Allies  t  Reasons.  8.  What  are  the 
ngs  which  a  new  Germany  must  do  be- 
fore it  will  be  entitled  to  the  confidence 
which  the  old  Germany  threw  away? 
9.  Discuss  whether  German  representa- 
tives should  sit  at  the  peace  table.  10.  Be 
sure  to  read  the  following  books  :  "  Right 
Above  Race,"  by  Otto  Kahn  (Century)  ; 
"  Wounded  uid  a  Prisoner  of  War,"  by  an 
Exchanged  Officer  (Doran)  ;  "  What  is  the 
German  Nation  Dying  ForP'  by  K.  L. 
Krause  (Boni  &  Livenght). 

B.  Topic :  Denmark  Speaks. 
Reference :  Page  399. 
Quegtions: 

1.  Explain  how  the  Sehleswig-Holstein 
question  arose.  2.  What  reasons  does  The 
Outlook  give  for  saying  that  Denmark  has 
chosen  me  right  moment  in  demanding 
that  the  provision  of  the  Treaty  of  Prague 


I  may  < 

be  canied  out?  3.  Give  several  reasons 
why  it  would  be  well  to  have  the  Kiel 
Canal  internationalized.  4.  Should  both 
Schleswig  and  Holstein  be  given  back  to 
Denmark  ?  5.  Show  why  the  restoration  of 
these  duchies  "  has  a  vital  connection  with 
the  Polish  question."  6.  Consult "  Modern 
European  History,"  by  C.  D.  Hazen 
(Holt);  "The  Rooto  of  the  War,"  by 
W.  S.  Davis  (Century);  "Stakes  of  the 
War,"  by  Stoddard  and  Frank  (Century)— 
all  are  well  worth  owning. 

n— NATIOMAI.  AITFAIBS 

Topie :  The  Day  After  Election. 
Reference :  Page  397. 
QwitUms: 

1.  Discoss  why  President  Wilson  ap- 
pealed to  American  voters  to  elect  a  Demo- 
cratic majority  in  both  houses  of  the  new 
Congress.  Don't  forget  that  various  points 
of  view  should  be  considered.  2.  How  does 
The  Outiook  interpret  the  results  of  the 
election  ?  How  do  you?  3.  Why  does  The 
Outlook  say  that  the  President  made  a 
"tactical  error"  in  making  his  appeal? 
Are  yon  of  the  opinion  that  it  showed  poor 

i'udgment  and  bad  taste  on  the  part  of 
'resident  Wilson  ?  4.  Give  several  reasons 
why  The  Outiook's  wish  that  Republi- 
cans as  well  as  Democrats  should  partici- 
pate in  the  problems  following  this  war  is 
worth  considering.  5.  The  ^nesident  be- 
lieves he  will  be  Undered  by  a  Republican 
majority  in  Confess.  The  Outiook  believes 
he  will  be  helped  by  it.  With  which  do  you 
agree  ?  Give  several  reasons.  6.  Have  the 
voters  of  the  United  States  expressed  dis- 
approval of  President  Wilson  s  Adminis- 
tration ?  7.  Should  the  Republican  victory ' 
be  considered  more  a  victory  for  Amer- 
icanism than  for  republicanism?  Discuss 
your  answer.  8.  Do  you  think  the  results 
of  the  election  will  "  be  interpreted  on  the 
other  side  of  the  water  as  a  repudiation  " 
of  President  Wilson's  leadership  ?  Discuss. 
9.  What,  in  your  opinion,  is  the,  principal 
lesson  of  the  Congressional  election  ?  Dis- 
cuss it. 

HI — FBOPOsinoMs  fob  Disonaaioir 

(Riese  propoaitioas  are  snggeated  diieotly  or  indi- 
raotly  by  the  snbjeot-mattar  of  The  Outlook,  but 
not  maoussed  in  it.) 

1.  The  nature  of  the  American  Govern- 
ment tends  to  destroy  all  differences  of 
nationality.  2.  Only  tnose  are  patriotic 
who  try  to  shape  the  thought  and  action  of 
their  country. 

IV — VOOABDI.ABT   BtnLDINO 


(All  of  the  foUo 


iwinc 
mkfc 


words  and  ez 


ezpressiaas  are 
found  in  The  Ontlook  for  November  13, 1918.  Both 
before  and  after  looking;  them  up  in  the  dictionary 
or  elsewhere,  give  their  meaning  in  your  ovm  wordi. 
The  figures  in  parentheses  refer  to  pages  on  which 
the  words  may  be  found.) 

Abdication,  reciprocal  (398) ;  psalms, 
taboo,  international  comity  (402) ;  opiate, 
disillusioned  (^03) ;  expropriation,  inter- 
nationalized (399)  ;  gubernatorial,  tactical 
(397). 


iwmv    va*^^    uas^vaoBvrai    \ft.    waa««     A.  >.  ^^«»w  v     «TA    .a.   aoK^av  \Kfvt   /• 

A  bookUt  tuggttting  methods  ofuting  the  Weekly  Outline  of  Cmrenl  Hiitory  will  be  tent  on  application 


^airtoadcS^ 


BOOKS 


Tbouaands  of  Books  of  eveiT  kind— calertii» 
ins  fiction,  instructive,  cdocatkoal  and  wl^ 
help  books,  books  for  boya  and  girls,  boob 
for  aoUien  and  books  by  aoiaien.  gift  bodn, 
standard  authors,  classics,  &mons  poets,  ciic}<9» 
pediaa.  hialories,  tcUgions  books— single  vniiina 
and  library  seta,  popular  and  de  Ine  cditian*- 
&£JSnU!SP^  ZPU  wont  at  LESS  THAN  BE- 
FORE TlSWAk  Me«s.WHS2THEyiAST. 

Thoutanda  Men  LUf  Th*t»i 


l,Q>»r^7lhl  ml  Umm. 
it_«>»  SSimm  W> 

Buy  BOW  ih«  books  Toa  mot  tor  tUa  wiatM'*  ml- 
ucsiul  sua  (hose  you  vera  Dlanntna  to  est  mm. 
BafB  » to  SO  per  oent  by  sendlM  (or  mr  wadadil 
Barntn  OMsIoB  before  it  istoalale.  fee  If  job  en 
sutoh.thne  extieonllBair  Talossi  Sot  saw  Im 
aner  the  war  will  booklorew  hare  snother  nwartm. 
I^Tlkethis.  noiue the  SMrlBSB  lor  xwoaA  A* 
aoi  pfomptlyl 

Qoing  Famtt  Hurry! 

Be  patilotlo-ptaetiee  thiUU    Don't  BbalUoMi 
nonerjMTiua  opportnnit/.     Mr    '    " 
low.   Thoae  who  delur  an  k 
Bend  a  poaUl  TODAT^for  mr 


vn  rare  to  be  diaai 
leetly.    xoatakano  ' 


teat  tree 

laUsta  Bit 

a  pooUl  HOW. 

DAVID  B.  CLARKSON.  The  Book  Bnitr 
WW    ' 


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Has  aotomatlc  Air  Cnahiona.  Binda  vd 
diawa  the  broken  parts  together  as  yon  would 
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I  aid.  and  an  tnvcstment  In  oar  Fhs 
I  MoitKaccs  and  Real  Baan  Boodi  fe 
I  truly  pairloUc  as  well  as  inttable.  Sol 
I  tor  Pamphlet  '•  S  "  and  cnncnt  oSUiV** 
I  Amonnto  to  suit. 
I B.  J.  Uadw  ft  C>_  Gnad  FMfa.  Hft 


Iheali 

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^^Hrf    ^1  Rrt^sRefl  tho   tvnolna  on  the  la. 
^^^^^^H  (»'ma1  I(rmm#nt«  ftad  c«ii*e*  CW 

WITH  proper     pnaiMoni      knd    pertbm 

ItMlr  ninrttnni  In  »  tmnnttl, 
tuAlthfo)  war.  Baot  tn  AAjnit— «  frvat  comfort 
to  tha  wrarar.  F<kr  Tnan,  woman  and  rblMnik 
Mend  tor  tha  bait  An  PITB  day**  PRBB  TBIAU 
If  laltgrartorya^DduHM.  trnot.ivCarnbalt. 
Olv«  normal  watai  in«a«aro  wmb  or<l«rinc. 

TkeWeaHMltllBelCll.*,'«2.^ 

DICSelSTSiWriitftr  


HEALTH — LOOKS— COMFORT 

Wear  tbli  Rcientlflcatly  eoD«tr«ela4  baalib 
belt,  andonad  by  phyalelnBO  ftud  afna— ■  * 
llKbt  bai  durabla  aupport  fnr  tha  nbdamaa  «W(* 
xraatlj  rellavea  tba  ttrftla  on  tba  abdvMiai) 
muaelM.  Bnoommandcd  far  abnaUrtliMhM^ 
conatlpatlon,  iplnal  daformltlaa,  flanlinc  M- 
nor  aod  nil  waaknaaoao  in  tha  oImIobIuI  rafto*. 

I  THE  "WONDER"  _„ 
HEALTH  BELT 


Digitized  by 


i\^ 


FoDow  the  Peace  Conferences 

by  using 

The  Outlook  Readers'  Reference  Collection  of 

LARGE  SCALE  MlUT ARY  MAPS 

In  Atlas  Form,  16  Pages,  ISYz  x21  Inches.    12  Maps,  Printed  in  6  Colors 


THE  WESTERN  FRONT 

A  complete  and  compreheiuive  series  of  colored  maps  showing  the  entire  area  of  the  western  battle-front 
in  France  drawn  on  a  large  scale — five  miles  to  the  inch — with  red  lines  indicating  the  position  of  the  Allied 
armies  on  November  1,  1918,  ten  dajrs  prior  to  the  signing  of  the  armistice  by  Germany  and  the  Allies,  and 
other  red  lines  indicating  the  farthest  advance  of  the  Germans,  each  in  a  distinctive  duuracter.  The  large 
scale  on  which  each  map  is  drawm  has  made  it  possible  to  print  the  name  <rf  every  town  and  village  in 
clear,  legible  type  so  that  it  can  be  read  with  the  utmost  ease. 

The  maps  show  every  town,  village,  hamlet,  naval  arsenal,  fort,  redoubt,  battery,  aircraft  depot,  fortified  town,  mountain 
pass,  wireless  station,  railway,  and  canal.  Altitudes  are  given  at  frequent  intervals,  being  indicated  by  the  popular  layer 
system  of  coloring.  This  method,  which  has  been  universfdly  approved,  consists  of  showing  the  elevations  in  twelve  different 
oolors  and  tints.  For  instance,  deep  brown  indicates  1,100  to  1,200  meters  (3,609-8,937  feet),  while  a  lighter  brown  indicates 
1,000  to  1,100  meters  (3,281-3,609). 

Surface  configuration  is  lai^y  the  key  to  events  in  the  theaters  of  war.  Rivers,  mountains,  and  forests  are  the  natural 
strategic  barriers.  Mountain  passes  with  their  highways  and  railwavs  are  the  natural  eatetrays.  Only  maps  which  show  these 
clearly  can  give  yon  a  correct  idea  of  the  relative  value  of  a  gain  or  loss  of  territory.  The  official  American  and  Foreign  Gov- 
ernment maps  form  the  bases  on  which  these  maps  were  made.  £very  contour  and  location  represents  the  work  of  Government 
mrveyors  and  cartographers.  Accuracy,  therefore,  is  assured,  and  thoronghness  of  detail  is  guaranteed  by  observations  and  tests. 

OTHER  MAPS  IN  THE  OUTLOOK  ATLAS 

In  addition  to  the  large-scale  maps  of  the  western  battle-front  above  described,  which 
are  printed  in  three  sections,  each  section  occupying  a  double  page,  are  the  following : 


ARIMY  MAP  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES 

Dd  the  front  oover  of  the  Atlas  is  a  map  of  tlie  United  States  shovinar  the 
toaatioiia  of  ounpa  and  oantamnents,  officers'  tmining  oamps,  STiation  fields, 
Krtnj  ■Aocls,  ete. — also  the  flags  of  the  Allied  nations  in  color. 

GENERAL  MAP  OF  THE  WESTERN  FR,ONT 

Two  pBgta  are  oocnpied  bjr  a  war  map  of  the  western  front,  which  is  a  oom- 
>lete  one-aheet  map  of  this  area.  It  is  made  on  a  scale  of  10  miles  to  the 
nch  and  extends  west  to  Ashford,  England,  north  to  Antwerp,  Belgium, 
•at  to  Frankfort,  Germany,  and  sonth  to  Orieans,  France. 

MAP  OF  THE  ITAUAN  FRONT 

riiia  doaUe-page  m^>  is  en^roved  on  a  scale  of  10  miles  to  the  inch.  It 
■  exoeedingiy  oomplate  sod  is  invalnahle  in  following  the  news  from  this 
egioo.  It  extends  north  to  the  German  boondary,  east  beyond  Laibaoh, 
ontfa  to  Bologna,  west  to  Milan. 

MAP  OF  NORTHWESTERN  RUSSIA 

Phia  !•  aa  eatiiely  new  map  of  that  part  of  Rnasia  in  Europe  now  figaring  in 
he  pabUo  prints.  Itinolndea  the  towns  that  have  s^mng  into  prominence 
Innng'  the  preaent  war  and  ainoe  the  Allied  intervention.  All  the  milways, 
DolMUng  the  one  recently  bnilt  to  AlexandroTsk,  on  the  Arctic  Ocean,  are 
hown  OD  this  map.  CaiulB,  forts,  and  other  important  details  are  given,  while 
aeial  diviaions  are  indicated  in  red.  The  detail  of  the  northern  sector  now 
eenpiod  by  the  Allies  is  partioularly  oomplete.  


NEW  MAP  OF  THE  WORLD 

On  this  map  the  colonial  poaseaaions  of  each  country  are  shown  in  the  same 
color  aa  the  mother  oomitries.  Steamship  lines  with  distanoes  via  the  Panama 
Canal  are  given  in  bine,  and  other  roates  in  r«d,  so  that  the  comparisons  may 
be  easily  made.  Principal  throogh  railways,  wireless  telegraph  stations, 
and  submarine  cables  are  also  indicated. 

MAP  OF  NORTHERN  ASIA,  EMBRACING 
SIBERIA,  MONGOUA,  AND  JAPAN 

This  map  cleariy  shows  the  route  of  the  Ttan»->Siberian  Railway,  the  main 
highway  between  Japan  and  Rnasia,  connecting  Vladivcatok,  Harbin,  and 
Petmfprad.  All  stations^  along  this  important  line  as  well  as  in  other  regions 
are  given  in  great  detail.  All  former  Russian  poasessioos  in  Asia  are  also 
incliuied  in  Mtail. 

MAP  OF  CENTRAL  AND  WESTERN  EUROPE 

This  map  shows  political  bonndaries  in  aepamte  colors  and  i*  valuable  in 
showing  the  relations  of  the  several  fronu  to  each  other  and  to  the  neutral 
countries.   Ail  railways,  canals,  and  principal  cities  and  towns  are  shown. 

MAP  OF  ASIA  MINOR 

This  map  shows  the  MesopoUunian,  Syrian,  and  Caucasian  frontsorith  the 
einnpletM  and  projected  portions  of  the  Pan-German  "  Berlin  to  Bagdad  " 
railway. 


THE  OUTLOOK'S  SPECIAL  OFFER 

low  that  aa  aiBiialk*  h«a  bewi  signad  by  Gannany  and  tha  Alliaa,  a  Paaea  Conferanca 
vQl  aooB  ba  conaidarfaic  tha  tanna  of  final  paaea.  Thaaa  maps  will  ba  invalnabla  in 
tmdag  tha  bouadarias  of  tha  nations  that  hare  baan  inToWad  in  the  war  and  of  tha 
•rrttoriea  in  dispute.  Erary  reader  of  Tha  Outlook  should  have  this  collection  of  mapa 
la  m  part  of  The  OuUook,  for  it  will  be  of  the  greateat  assialaaee  in  iaterpretiac  the 
4iiMtni  T****  that  will  be  made  by  the  Peace  Conference.  Thia  atlaa  will  be  of  permanent 
'■hsa^  and  we  have  baaa  able  to  make  the  price  so  low  that  every  aubacriber  may  have 


lU  oat  tha  aeeompaayiaf  order  form  and  return  to  ua  at  once  with  remittaneo  of 
S4.80:  wo  wiU  estead  jour  aubscription  for  one  year,  whatever  the  preaaat  data  of 
mpiialioo  OMy  new  be,  and  thia  rijuabla  collection  of  war  mapa  will  be  aent  to  you 
onaodiatdy,  carefully  protected  from  damage  in  transit,  all  chargea  prepaid.  TU* 
4f*r  ala«  appliaa  to  a  aew  aubacription,  but  does  not  apply  in  the  eaae  of  aubscriptiona 
•at  tbroogh  agents.    Tha  price  of  the  war  maps  aloaa  is  $1.50. 

THE  OUTLOOK    COMPANY 


THE  OUTLOOK  COMPANY, 

381  Fourth  Ave..  New  York 
I  enclose  Four  Dollars  and  Fifty  Cents,  for 
which  please  send  me  The  Outlook  Readers' 
Reference  Cdlection  of  War  Maps,  all  eitararn 
prepaid,  and  enter  my  subscription  to  Tne 
Outlook  for  one  year  (or  renew  for  one  year 
from  present  dat«  of  expiration),  in  aocordaaoe 
with  the  terms  of  yoor  special  offer. 


Name. 


AddrfSM . 


Digitized  by 


Google 


472 

■lilllll 


THE   OUTLOOK 


Silllli 


Buy  Thrift  and  W.  S.  S.  REGULARLY 


Christmas 

Handkerchiefs  ( 

at 


An  Pure 
Linen 


) 


"'T^HE  LINEN  STORE"  has  long  been  famous  for  its 
±,  wonderful  Holiday  stocks  of  Pure  Linen  Handerchiefs.  It 
is,  therefore,  with  great  pleasure  that  we  announce  that  our 
selection  this  year  is  quite  as  complete  as  those  of  previous 
years,  notwithstanding  war  conditions. 

It  gives  us  added  pleasure  to  be  able  to  share  with  our  patrons 
generous  advantages  in  price,  due  to  our  foresight  in  anticipating 
the  present  Linen  shortage  "before  prices  advanced. 

Hand-Embroidered  Handkerchiefs 

V/e  are  showing  a  fine 
selection  of  sheer,  dainty 
Swiss,  Spanish,  Irish  and 
Madeira  Hand-Embroid- 
ered Handkerchiefs. 

Swiss,  50c,  65c,  75c,  $1.00 
each,  and  up. 

Spanish,  35c,  50c,  65c, 
75c,  $1.00  each,  and  up. 

Irish,  25c,  35c,  50c,  75c, 
$1.00  each  and  up. 

Madeira,  35c,  50c,  75c,  85c,  $1.00  each,  and  up. 

Khaki  Linen  Handkerchiefs 


For  Army  Men 


Pure  Linen,  amply  large.    An  excellent  and 
most  practical  gift  for  any  Army  man. 

Prices :  65c  and  75c  each. 


Patrons  will  find  it  decidedly  advantageous  at  this  time 
to  add  to  their  own  stock,  as  well  as  to  select  Handker- 
chiefs for  gift  purposes. 

Mail  Order  Service 

Any  of  the  Handkerchiefs  illustrated  or  described 
above  may  be  ordered  with  complete  satisfaction 
through  our  Mail  Order  Service. 


AVi'.  Tr,nte  Mark  ^= 


James  McCutcheon  &  Go. 

Fifth  Avenue,  34th  &  33d  Sts.,  N.  Y. 


IF  you  are  in  the  habit  of  haying  The  Outlook  at  a  newa-atand,  it  will  be  to 
your  advantage  to  place  a  standing  order  with  your  newsdealer.  The  War 
Industries  Board  has  requested  publishers  to  discontinue  the  acceptance  of  lui- 
sold  copies  from  newsdealers,  and  in  conformity  with  that  request  The  Outlook  is 
now  non-returnable.  To  prevent  loss,  therefore,  newsdealers  must  limit  their  orders 
to  actual  sales.  Buyers  at  news-stands  may  co-operate  and  avoid  disappointment 
by  giving  their  dealer  a  standing  order  for  the  weekly  delivery  of  The  Outlook. 

THE  OUTLOOK  COMPANY 


20  NoTcmbet 

A   PAPER   FROM    HIS    HOME 
TOWN 


This  isa  photograph  of  Private  William  J.  Bofkt, 
Co.  D,  Third  Balloon  Sqnadroa,  A.  E.  F.,  wk 
writes  to  as  from  "somewhere  in  Fnnce:^ 
"Right  at  home  when  I  foond  The  Outlook •< 
the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  It's  great  to  get  a  paper  fna 
your  home  town  " 


CONCERNING    PEACE 

BY  THEODOSIA  GARRISON.   OF  THE 
VIGILANTES 

That  we  have  purchased  with  tremendoo! 
price, — 
That  we  will  take. 
We  have  no  mind  to  make  a  bargain  \ytwt. 

No  larger  gain  to  make, 
But  this  we  buy  across  the    swonl's  nA 

blade 
We  swear  shall  justify  the  price  we  paid. 

Not  with  small  counters  did  we  seek  thU 
tiling, 
But  with  the  blood 
Of  youth,  men's  might  and  hiunan  safferin; 

And  stricken  womanhood, — 
These   to  the   market  of  your  wrath  «e 

brought 
And  we  shall  have  in  full  the  Peace  vt 
bought. 

Tricksters  and  swindlers  in  the  wide  worU'; 
mart. 

Not  yours  to  say, 
Nor,  cringing,  still  withhold  one  little  pan 

For  which  we  pay. 
Our  dearest  treasure  in  the  scale  is  ca«t, 
Think  you  we  shall  be  cheated  at  the  last' 

A    SOLDIER'S    VACATION   IN 
FRANCE 

It  is  good  to  remember  that  all  has  ni« 
been  blood  and  destruction  among  oar  fight- 
ing forces  in  Fiance,  and  that  our  men  no* 
and  then  have  had  a  respite  from  the  horron 
of  the  front  and  have  had  a  chance  to  Tvit 
those  peaceful  regions  ui  southern  Fnon' 
that  have  not  felt  the  devastating  brtath 
of  conflict.  From  a  soldier's  letter  describ- 
ing such  a  visit  we  take  these  passages : 

"  I  left  Headquartere  at  .5:40  a.m.  w 
the  Paris  Express  ■Wtli  a  fellow  who  hsJ 
never  been  in  Paiis.  Arriving  a  little  laU. 
we  had  dinner  and  got  rooms  convenient 

Digitized  by  VJWVJV  IV^ 


1918 


THE   OUTLOOK 


473 


to  the  Op^ra,  the  center  of  attraction  for 
Midlers  and  others  Tiaiting  Paris.  The  fol- 
lowing tWS'days  were  spent  in  the  capital 
ihowing  nt^  fnend  around  a  little.  Took  in 
a  fine  jpatnotic  show  at  the  Casino  de  Paris, 
saw  Napoleon's  tomb,  and  had  a  ride  on 
the  Ferris  Wheel  near  the  Eiffel  Tower, 
from  which  we  had  a  splendid  panoramic 
view  of  the  city. 

"Leaving  -Paris  8atur<lay  night  on  tlie 
Rapide  for  Kice,  we  reaciied  Marseilles 
before  noon  the  next  day.  From  Marseilles 
on,  the  acenezy  gets  more  and  more  beau- 
tifal  aa  yoa  go  along,  and  between  Nice 
and  the  Italian  border  it  is  just  erand. 
The  stretch  of  territory  from  MarseUles  to 
the  latter  point  is  known  as  the  Riviera 
and  the  G6te  d' Azur ;  it  is  the  finest  thing 
I  have  Men  in  any  of  my  journeys. 

"  Arriving  at  Nice,  we  got  into  one  of 
those  seargromg  hacks  and  were  driven  to  a 
fine  hotel,  the  Luxembourg,  on  tlie  Prome- 
nade des  Anglais,  where,  after  being  as- 
signed splendidly  fitted  rooms  overlooking 
the  Mediterranean,  we  cleaned  up  after 
our  long  trip,  and  then  had  a  good  supper. 
We  spent  tne  evening  on  the  Promenade. 
Sitting  on  a  bench  and  watclung  the  waves 
roll  up  by  moonlight  certainly  made  me 
think  of  old  Fevere  Beach,  except  that  the 
surrounding  scenery  aa  well  as  the  people 
here  are  qmte  different.  Here  you  encoun- 
ter people  from  all  nations  and  soldiers 
from  aU  the  Allied  countries,  trying  to 
forget  the  war  for  a  short  while. 

"  The  following  day  we  wrote  postais, 
rested  up,  and  took  a  carriage  drive  down 
to  the  beach  for  a  swim.  Carriage  riding 
was  quite  inexpensive  in  Nice ;  we  hired  a 
carriage  for  nve  francs  an  hour,  which 
amounted  to  only  about  twentv  cents 
apiece.  Will  have  to  say  that  I  tiiink  the 
waters  of  the  Mediterranean  are  preferable 
to  those  of  the  Atlantic  It  certainly  seemed 
good  to  get  such  diversion  after  being 
cooped  up  inland  for  twelve  months  where 
you  don't  see  street  cars,  street  lights. 
White  Ways,  and  so  on. 

"  Tuesday  morning  we  set  out  orignt 
and  early  by  automobile  for  Monte  Carlo. 
Between  9  and  9:30  the  gamine  rooms  are 
open  to  the  public  After  9:^,  from  the 
adjoining  salon,  we  watched  the  players  as 
they  took  their  chance  at  the  wheel  or  other 
games  of  fortune.  The  crowd,  among  which 
were  manv  women,  was  veiy  ordeny,  and 
one  would,  hardly  suspect  tnat  five  or  ten 
thousand  francs  were  being  wagered  on 
this  or  that  turn  of  the  roulette  or  card. 

"  Then  we  set  out  to  see  the  principal- 
ity. The  Casino  sets  right  out  on  tne  ocean, 
and  the  views  in  its  vicinity  are  gorgeous. 
In  front  of  and  around  the  buildings  of  the 
principalis  are  statues,  luxuriant  southern 
foliage,  cliffs,  hills,  jutting  peaks,  and  the 
like,  all  comhining  to  make  the  place  most 
impressive  from  a  scenic  point  of  view. 
A  conple  of  the  fellows  had  cameras  and 
took  snapshots  all  along  the  trip.  We  saw 
the  Prince's  palace,  and  then  went  to  the 
Mosetun,  where  all  sorts  of  nautical  curi- 
osities are  to  be  found.  One  thing  we  won't 
fot^get  was  a  living  octopus.  Such  a  vicious, 
creepy,  disagreeable-looking  object!  On 
payment  of  a  few  centimes  the  attendants 
teed  the  fishes  for  the  benefit  of  visitors, 
and  we  gave  the  octopus  a  chance.  The 
way  ha  sucks  in  his  food  and  curls  up  his 
many  tails  and  the  different  parts  of  hb 
anatomy  gives  you  the  willies !  I  took  a  lot 
of  notes  on  the  exhibits  in  this  Museum, 
and  want  to  say  that  the  Prince  has  surely 
givmi  a  JT**^  ^^  ^  science  in  devoting 
tm»  builung  to  the  wonders  that  exist  be- 
neath the  ocean's  surface.— G.  H.  G." 


When  you  think  of 
SYSTEMS— 

.and  E" 


More  than  well-built  Filing  Equip- 
ment and  Supplies— a  **Yand  E" 
System  is  primarily  a  system  idea 

Let  our  free  SyMem-Planning  Service 
bring  your  filing  methods  down  to  date 

llii>iilir.H.Y.    OMMM*la<Mk  CI17.    (U  C«— d«.  0«c«  Sf ■ciiliy  M%.  Co..  LU..  T«t»wo) 


z 


STA 
PI 


TANDARD 

AND 

RITUAL 


HYMN 
SONC 


A  oombinatian  narer  baton  eqiulxl.  Board  iia  CMh  4Sa 

Write  for  wauDlnfttioii  oopr. 
The  Blalow  sua  Main  Co..  Mew  York -Chlraao 


Why  Be  Thin  and  Frail? 

I  CAN  make  you  weigh  what  yon  should.  Can 
build  up  vour  strength.  Can  improve  yonr  figure. 
Can  teacn  yon  to  stand  and  mlk  correctly.  In 
your  home.  Withont  drugs.  By  scientific  method* 
such  aa  yonr  physician 
approves.  Kesnlta  will  be 
noticeable  to  yon  and  yoar 
bienda  in  a  few  wetkt. 

One  pupil  writes ;  "  Under  your 

tresliiient  1  K^'ned  ij  poundl 

the  fint  three  moiithi  and  be> 

cmnie  itrnn);   and   healthy.     1 

would  not  be  hack  whrre  1  wai 

for  any  amount  of  money." 
If  you  only  reallied  how  mr*. 
ly,  how  eaaily,  how  inezpoiwlTely 
yotir  weight  cao  be  uicraued, 
your  flffure  perfactad,  and  your 
heahh  Improved.  I  am  oartatn 
yoa  would  write  ma. 

I  want  to  help  yoa  as  only  a 
woman  can.  I'ra  had  a  wonder, 
fttl  experience  oorering  aixteen 
yean.  Write  to  me  and  If  my 
work  won't  help  I  will  tall  yoa 
what  will. 


SUSANNA  COCROFT 

DattI,       a4S.llkUfaaAM. 
CUcaao,  minala 


MOORE'S  hpE^^F^  SYSTEM 

In  use  in  more  than  200,000  offices 

Our  FREE  Book 
MOORE'S  MODERN  METHODS 

ia  A  prartic*!  Ixxilt  (i  160  pAget  oi  inft^niAtion  o(  gt«al 
Y»lue  to  cvrry  one  intereitrd  in  oftoe,  factory,  rtste, 
bank  oi  outdoor  record  kcepiog. 

Illustrates  and  deMxtb«s  40  different  forms  for 
short  cuts  in  Loose  Leaf  Records  of  all  kinds. 

Tnic  Rnnlr  FraA  ^h^n  rt^queal  iaonyourbuaincMlrt- 
1  niS  DOOH  rree  ,„h„d.    Write  r.ow  to.  you,  copy. 

Joke  C.  Moore  Carpontiea 
lOZSjtaae  Sinai 


474 


THE   OUTLOOK 


20  November 


THE  OUTLOOK  CLASSIFIED  ADVERTISING  SECTION 

Advertising  Rates :  HoteU  and  Resorts,  Apartraenta,  Tonn  and  Tiavel,  Real  Estate,  Live  Stock  and  Poultry,  fifty  oeota  per  agate  line, 
foor  oolnmna  to  the  page.  Not  lesa  than  four  lines  accepted.  Jn  calcolating  space  required  {or  an  advertisement,  count  an  average  of  liz  -words  to  tlie 
line  nnleaa  display  type  is  desired. 

"Want  "  advertisements,  under  the  various  headings,  "  Board  and  Rooms,"  "  Help  Wanted,"  etc.,  ten  oenta  for  each  word  or  initial,  incladlng 
the  address,  for  each  insertion.  The  first  word  of  each  "  Want "  advertisement  is  set  in  capital  letters  without  additional  charge.  Other  words 
may  be  set  in  capitals,  if  desired,  at  donble  rates.  If  answers  are  to  be  addressed  in  oare  of  The  Outlook,  twenty- five  cjents  is  charged  for  the  box 
number  named  in  the  advertisement.  Replies  will  be  forwarded  by  na  to  the  advertiser  and  bill  for  postage  rendered.  Special  headings  appropriate  to 
the  department  may  be  arranged  for  on  application. 

Orders  and  copy  for  Classified  Advertisements  must  be  received  with  remittance  ton  days  before  the  date  of  issue  when  it  is  intended  the  aduuiliw 
ment  shall  first  ^ipear. 

Address:  ADVERTISING  DEPARTMENT,  THE  OUTLOOK,  381  FOURTH  AVENUE,  NEW  YORK  CITY 


Hotels  and  Resorts 


CALIFORNIA 


San  Ysidro  Ranch 

BudeaIows  of  Tarjoiu  dxM  iltiiAted  on  the 
■  looking 

:  lishts, 
I  Simt 


fooUUHs  unons  onnge  groves,  ovBrlooklng 
Centnu  dlnhw-room.  electric  " 

.    ;  r.   Six  miles  from  

Barbai^  two  miles  from  ocean.  Booklet.  Ad- 


the  sea.  Central  dlninK-room,ek 
hot  sod  mU  water,   six  miles 


dteas  Un.  HARLEiaH  JOHNSTON,  Ban 
TaldTO  Ranch,  BuiU  Barhsn,  CaHf  omia. 


FLORIDA 


BREnON  INN 

Ormond  Beach,  Fla. 


Opens  December  4ift- 

Golf.  Good  Roads. 

Bathing.      Orange  Groves. 

Fuel  and  Food  in  Plenty, 

Jambs  P.  Yumxa,  Mgr. 

HAVEN    BEACH    COTTAGES 


ON    THK    GULF 

ReMrict€d  residential  resort  near  {amoos 
Helleair  Golf  Linlfs.  Auto  service  to  St. 
Peteraburu  aud  Clearwater.  Cottagea  far- 
niahed— all  city  conveniencea.  $3)Ki  to  ^M) 
for  seaBon.  Surf  Bathine.  Boating.  Fishulg. 
Sea  Foods.  Fruits.  Send  tor  illiistrated  folder. 
florida  Beadi  Dcfdopigenl  Co..  Boi  0.  InJian  Rocln,  Fk 


MASSACHUSETTS 


HOTEL  PURTCAJN 

Cc«acanii«allhAn.D«stai 
HEDBTII 


If  Tm  An  Tved  or  Not  Fediaf  Well 

you  caanol  find  %  more  oomf orteUe  plue  in 

New  Kngtauid  than 

THE  WELDON  HOTEL 

OBEBMFIBI.D,  MASS. 

It  affords  all  the  oomiorts  of  home  wtthoot 

•xtntvagams. 


WORTH    CAROLIWA 


NORTH  CAROLINA 

iiffiiisiliiwiwioiia  ttilailMiilhi 
tererting  schedule  of  sports  snd 
BMOmM,  KoU— trap  ahoot- 
Inr-taouic-rldliiK-drlv- 
InK— motonnv— tennia 

CAROLINA   HOTEL 


DeUghtfu]  weather  for  Novem- 
ber and  Deoember-Uks  kite  Fall 
in  New  England. 
For   Retervaiioiu  or 
Injormation  address : 
Gasnl  Office.  naaksiH,  Neitk 
CafOoa.  er  LEONARD  TUFIS. 
2«2Ceanm8t.,  ~ 


NEW    YORK    CITY 

HOTEL  JLDSON  "t^ffSSiiS" 

adjoining  Judaon  Memorial  Ohnrcb.  Rooms 
with  and  without  bath.  Bates  SUO  pardav, 
including  meala.  Special  rates  for  two  weeks 
or  more.  Location  very  central.  GoQvenieot 
to  all  elevated  sod  street  car  Una. 


Hotels  and  Resorts 


NEW    YORK    CITY 


Hotel  Le  Marquis 

Slat  StrMt  A  Fifth  Avenua 
New  York 

Oomblnss  every  coavenience  and  home 
eomfnt,  and  oommendr  Itself  to  people  of 
rafinsmsnt  wishing  to  live  on  American  Plan 
and  be  within  essr  reach  of  social  and  dra- 
matic centers. 

Boom  and  bath  (4.90  per  day  with  meals,  or 
ttM  psr  day  without  meals. 

Ulustratad  Booklst  clsdly  sent  tipoD 
request.  JOHN  P.  TOLSONT^ 


Health  Resorts 


Sanford    Hall,    est.  1841 

Private  Hospital 
For  Mental  and  Nervous  Disease* 

XJomfortable,  bomelike  snrronnd- 
ings;  modem  methods  of  treatment; 
competent  nnraes.  Ifi  acres  of  lawn, 
park,  flower  and  vegetable  gardens. 
Food  the  best.    Write  for  booklel. 

Sanfotd  Hall  Flushing  New  York 


Crest  View   Sanatorium 

Oreenwleh.  Ot.  (Irst-claaainallreapecta, 
home  comforts.       H.  H.  HrroHOOcK,  H.D. 


•*INTERPINES»» 

Beentiful,  quiet,  raatful  uid  homelike.  Over 
3S  ireu«  of  suooeMful  work.  Thorough,  re- 
liable, dependable  and  ethical.  Every  com* 
(ort  and  cooTenience.  Acoommodanona  of 
■apeilor  quality.  Dieorder  of  the  nerroua  ara- 
tem  a  apodaltr.  Fred.  W.  Seward,  8r..  H.D., 
Fred.  W.  Seward.  Jr..  M.D..  Ooahen.  N.  T. 


jLINDENI^viiSrSlreo** 

DiiliMsaa.  ra.  Iad  Inantution  devoted  to 
the  personal  study  and  apedaliied  tteat- 
mentcfthefaivaUd.  Mssssge,  Blectrici^, 
Hydrotherapy.  Applrfor  oircahw  to 
Bosaar  Lffrmoorr  Waltbi,  MJ>. 
(late  of  The  Waltsr  Banitariam) 


I>r.  Reeves'  Sanitarium 

A  Private  Home  for  chronic,  dstvoos,  and 
nuntaljMtienta.  A  leo  elderly  people  requiring 
oaia.  HiuTi«tS.Raevaa,H.I).,IIelraae,Maaa. 


Apartments 


Wanted,  in  N.  Y.  Gly  g^e^^r»f  J?i?S 

1,  famfahed  wartment,  three  rooma.  kitchen- 
ette, bath.    K^t  about  S76.    9v2^rOatlook. 


Real  Estate 


FLORIDA 


"W^QT  Bale  or  rent,  furnished  bungalows.  Mod- 
JT  em,  facing  Indian  River,  near  Rock  ledge- 
Oarage,  dock,^rove,  launch.  flSO  to  MM)  aea~ 
■on.  Fiahing,  himtlng.  Blxih,  Cocoa,  Florida- 


FOR  SALE— Miami,  Florida 

Kleveo  acres,  inclnding  grove;  ten  minutes 
from  courthouse.  Daint/ FURNISHED 
cottage  on  erounda.  t7,AW.  *_ 

L.  WINTHROP,  314  Route  B,  Miami,lf1orida. 


Real  Estate 


OEORCIA 


Sasd  Hills.  Angnsta.  Ga.  X^^SH^'^^ 


em  fumiahed  house.  Has  7  open  flreplaoea 
4  bedrooms,  2  baths.  invsUd's  elevator,  hot 
water  heat,  ample  coal  supply  in  cellar,  large 
porch,  ganure.  Near  Hotel  Hon  Air.  Price 
|1,2I]0.  For  full  description  andnhotosaddma 
JoBB  M.  Clase,  p.  O.  Box  907;  Augusta,  Oa. 


IDAHO 


Cnff  PITNT  At  Harden  I.ake,  Idaho, 
run  KU1 1  iMO  ft.  altitude,  surraunded  by 
moantainso<ForestResarve,atully  furnished 
nine-room  cottMe,  turaaoe  heat,  electricity, 
telephone;  good  steam  and  sleotric  railway 
connections:  wonderful  drives  snd  walks; 
near  Spokane  and  good  markets ;  locality  par- 
tioolarly  desirable  tor  bvaUds.  Will  rent  for 
6  months  or  longer;  Immediate  possession. 
Address  Owner,  F.  O.  Box  008, 8polDUl^Waah. 


SOUTH    CAROLINA 


G!  VMMIERTII.I.E,  South  Carolina 
1^  Fuiuished  oottsge,  11  rocmis;  very  com- 
f ortsble ;  two  baths,  large  garden,  beautiful 
treeSj  aTalnsi,  camelliaa,  Kwr^e,  temila  court. 


•1,9)6  for  six  months.  Ai 


i,206,  Outlook. 


CHRISTMAS   OIFTS 


COFLBT  CRAFT  CBBISTUAS  CARDS. 
Bsnd-oolored,  with  specially  appropriate 
verses.  Sent  on  approval.  Consignments  for 
sales.  Diaoounta  to  those  selling  smongfrienda. 
Jeaaie  A.  McNicoI,  U  HuntlngtonAve.,  Bos- 
ton, Haas. 


TEACHERS    WANTED 


TEACHERS  wsnted  for  all  departmenU  of 
school  and  college  work,  preeent  and  future 
proepeota. THEDfTKRSTATE  TEACHERS' 
AOENCT,  Macheca  Building,  New  Orleans. 


HELP  WANTED 


Companions  aaJ  Domestic  Halpsrs 

SUPERINTENDENTS,  secretaries,  gov- 
amesses,mstrona,dietitiaaa,  mothers'  helpers, 
companions,  etc.  Ilie  Wilton  Exchange,  Box 
270,  StTjoaeph,  Michigan. 

WANTED  —  Competent,  experienced  wo- 
man to  take  charge  of  cafeteria  and  aoda 
water  dsiautment  in  large  year  round  hotel 
in  South.  Attractive  position  vesr  round 
and  good  pay  to  light  person.  Address,  with 
references,  experience,  etc.,  Tiiginia  Hotel, 
6,S7»,  Outlook. 

RBUABLE  mother's  helper  for  eight 
montba  old  child.  Apply  to  Mrs.  Talbot,  317 
West  83d  St.,  New  Yorik  City. 

WANTED—^Gentlewoman  to  accompany 
elderly  lady  South  for  winter.  Highest  ref- 
erenoes  exdianged.  Emolument  above  ex- 
nominal.l>pportanlty  for  right  person 
In  South  with  all  expenses 


to  spend 
paidTM 


winter . 

«,3ao,  Outlook. 

Toachsrs  and  Covomsssas 


WANTED— Oompetant  teaohsra  for  public 
and  private  schools  snd  collegea.  Send  lor  bul- 
letin. Albany  Taaotaers'  Agency,  Albany,  N.T. 

WANTED  —  Nursery  govemeas  for  per- 
fectly well  girl  baby,  three  years  old.  Must 
be  experienced,  and  preferably  one  who  sneaks 
French.  Parent*  live  in  large  hotel.  Every 
facility  for  comfort  and  oonvenlenoe  is  fur- 
nisbeo.  Faithfulness  snd  efBdency  will  be 
expected  snd  kindly  coosidetation  given. 
Fermsnent  position  with  good  psy.  Address 
Southern  Family,  6,880,  Outlook. 

TOUNO  woman  of  character  and  refine- 
ment ss  governess  for  children  3  and  6.  Please 
give  age,  nationality,  experience,  and  ref- 
erenoea.  6,387,  Outlook. 


SITUATIONS    WANTED 


Business  Situations 
BECRETART  owning  portable  typewriter 
wants  part  time  work.  Experience.  Refer- 
ences. 6,380,  Outlook. 

Comoanlons  sad  Domestic  Helpers 
rOUNO  ENOUSH  WOMAN,  experienced 
child's  nurse,  desires  position  aa  companiou- 
helper  or  entire  charge  at  chiklren.  Best 
refetenoes.  CaUfomisn  or  Southern  Americsn 
family  preferred.  6,388,  Outlook. 

LADY  of  refinement  wishes  position  ss 
companion,  or  mover's  helper  where  servants 
are  kept.  Best  references.  6,384,  Outlook. 


SITUATIONS  WAWTED 

Companions  sad  Domoatie  Helpen 
WOMAN  of  culture,  competent  to  t>k< 
charge  of  household  or  act  as  oc 
chaperon,  etc.,  desires  position  In  U 
home.  Associations  greatly  valned. 
credentials.  Address  E.  Maoier,  1  r 
St.,  New  York  City. 

WANTED— Positica  as  dietitian  in  hospiU. 
near  New  Yortt  City.  6,385,  Ontlook. 

Teachers  and  OovemaaaM 

EXPERIENCED  EngUdi  govnnaM.  Geod 
jdtyalcal  care.  Little  children  New  Tink  yc 
vidnity  preferred.  6,8a»,  Ontlook. 


MISCELLANEOUS 


A  mother  will  care  for  "nd  educate  In  her 
attractive  home  near  Boetoi.  some  nMitlif  i  Wsi 
little  girl.  Best  family  snd  social  faiAnem. 
French  conversation.  Music   6.»8,  OnUook, 

MOTHER  at  two  ctaUdrsD.  eoDtee  gi^ 
uate,  will  mother  and  raise  uiiy  bber  oaa 
home.  Object  purely  monetsiTvSO  only  sct^ 
sons  at  means  need  ^ipiy.  Good  efai»oe  for 
sny  one  who  wishes  moVbsrIass  baby  to  tan 
the  kiving  cars,  physical  and  masualdenk^. 
ment  thu  only  a  refined  home  and  mcthw 
can  give.  Protestant  home.  Amariom.  wn- 
vaut  employed.  Interview  arranged,  r.^***! 
near  Chloigo.  6,386,  OuthxA. 

WANTED— for  the  wintei^-a  s^d  far 
nished  spartmeot  or  two  or  thive  raoms  ai^ 
bath,  with  baud,  in  pleasant  sahurbHi  hsM 
one  hour  or  less  from  New  Tork,  hy  tw. 
bullea  snd  two  Uttla  girls.  Vn.oSiifA. 

PATRIOTISM  by  Lrraan  AMwIt,  atai  4 
verses  of  Amerioa-Tbe  Pledge  to  the  F^— 
3  venes  of  The  Btar-Spanglea  Banner,  alln  a 
little  leaflet  Further  the  canae  o<  FatiielaB 
by  distributing  in  your  letters,  in  pay  « 
opes,  in  Schools,  churches,  oinlia,  sod  i 
gstheringa.  200  sent  prepaid  for  a  casa. 
ArttiurH.  Morse,  MonickETN.  1. 

MRS.  A.  S.  Shelby  opond  hm  wokiv 
school  for  young  Isdles  October  U:  S« 
clsssns  every  week  beij«  formed-  The  hoar 
and  surroundings  idasT  Hm  bMt  oue  mi 
table  sssored— full  course  <n  sIliTiiiiaii  Ow 
mile  from  Lexington  In  troUeyTFor  teias  Ml 
particulars  address  Mra  A.  8.  ahalbr.  Y<r- 
sailles  Road,  Lexhigtoa,  Ky. 

LADY,  experienced  ta  cam  tt  iJiMnfc 
home  on  island  near  St.  Angnstim,  weala 
csre  for  snd  teach  one  or  two  childreao.  Mas- 
nincent  beaches,  excellent  food  and  csa. 
happy  home  Ufe.  6,382,  Outlook. 
_F0RD8  START  EAST  IN  OQU) 
WEATHER  with  our  new  U19  eartancon 
84  miles  per  gallon.  Use  cheapest  nsoliiie  a 
half  kenissiHL  Increased  pora.  BMss  lar 
any  motor,  very  slow  on  higjb.  ilTlsili  k 
yourself.  Big  nroflta  to  agents.  Ms^vhact 
gnaiantea.  W  days'  trial.  Airwr>ie5S  Cw- 
buretor  Co.,  340  Madison,  Dayton,  OUa. 

M.  W.  Wightman  &  Co.  Bhoppteg  Axeaer. 
estsblished  UOS.  No  charge ;  prompt  deSveo . 
4«WestaMSt.,NewroaL 


YOUR  WANTS  IN  BVBKY  LrSI 
of  honaehold,  edncadanal,  bnaaeas,  or 
peiaooal  service  —  domeatio  irocke^ 
teachers,  noreea,  bnainaaa  or  prafe*- 
sional  asnstanta,  etc.,  etc. — wlxth» 
yon  require  help  or  are  seekiiiK  a  stna- 
tion,  may  be  filled  tluoaifh  a  Unlr 
announcement  in  the  CLiASSIFISD 
COLUMNS  OF  THK  OUTLOOK. 
If  yon  have  aome  artiele  t4>  seD  o* 
exchange,  these  oolninni  aiay  provw  of 
real  valne  to  yon  as  they  have  to  manv 
others.  Send  for  deeeriptrve  eimdar 
and  order  Uank  AND  FILL  TOUK 
WANTS.  Address 
Department  of  Cliuin6ed  AdveitiBic 
THE  OUTLOOK 
381  Foorth  Avenne,  New  Xotk 


zedby  VJW^VIV^ 


1918 

i*  womanleSs  town 

BY  ESTELLINE   BENNETT 

Port  Nelson.  Manitoba,  Canada,  the  new 
nt«w»y  to  tlie  Hinterland  oi  the  Northwest 
Territories,  tliis  year's  hoped-for  new  outlet 
for  C^Miidian  wueat,  and  the  end  of  the 
Hiidsotf  Bay  Railway,  is  a  wonianless 
tow^.  9  has  a  poualation  of  five  hundred 
men,  i,'  dazzle  oi  electricity  Iip;hting  its 
streets  end  buildings, '  and  a  long  history  ; 
bat  not  one  woman  has  dared  tlie  canoe 
trip  down  the  Nelson  River,  which  is  the 
aniv  wikf  of  reaching  this  town  until  the 
railway  is  finished,  xfelson  is  one  of  tlie 
oldest  towns  in  Canada,  and  the  only  place 
on  Ha^Bon  Bay  that  has  kept  its  name 
and  loqation  unchanged  from  the  beginning 
of  its  liUtory.  River  and  poit  were  named' 
Nelson,  for  a  seaman  who  was_  mate  of  a 
vessel  tnat  wintered  there  during  the  year 
1512-18.  It  never  had  any  prommence  un- 
til within  the  last  two  or  three  years,  when 
it  beffWi  togrow  toward  a  Railway  terminal 
and  Miiuping  point.  It  was  ovei'shadowed 
tlurinir  the  early  days  by  York,  which  was 
»  tramng  post,  and  Churchill,  which  was  so 
itronglv  fortified  that  it  was  then  the  equal 
i)f  Queqec  as  a  stronghold. 

Tnei'^'isa  luxurious  men'3  club-house  at 
Xelsoi},  bat  there  are  no  homes.  It  prob- 
ably is  the  only  town  of  any  importance 
now  on  the  Western  continent  m  which 
there  is  not  one  woman. 

•WHb   ARE   THE   THIEVES?" 

In  your  issue  of  October  23  there  is  a 
;>oniniunication  by  W.  S.  Rainsford  on 
•  Shall  We  Let  Germany  Rot?"  and  he 
i'*oinpares  Germany  to  the  man  in  Christ's 
I  taraole  "  who  fell  among  thieves."  He  says, 
^  Ciertiuuiy  has  fallen  among  thieves.  I 
iliink  Sir.  Rainsford  misapplies  the  para- 
jle.  Belgium,  France,  Serbia,  Poland, 
[taly,  have  fallen  among  thieves.  The  good 
>ainaritaBis  (the  Allies)  are  pouring  oil  and 
irine  into  their  wounds  and  are  doing  what 
licy  can  at  enonuous  cost  to  heal  them. 

Who  are  the  thieves?  Gei-many,  Austria, 
Solgaria,  Turkey,  are  the  thieves.  Not 
>iily  thieves  but  murderers,  violators  of 
vonien,  adulterers,  coim^tters  of  every 
•rime  mtohibited  by  natioiiaT  and  intema- 
iunal  law.  We  know  our  du^'  toward  those 
vlio  hare  &llen  among  thieves,  and  we 
iiteml  to  do  that  duty  to  the  uttermost  to 
estore  and  to  heal.  But  what  is  our  duty 
oward  the  "  thieves  "  ?  Is  it  not  Uie  duty 
if  punishment  adequate  to  fit  the  enormity 
>f  the  crimes  ? 

It  is  assumed  that  the  German  people 
.re  not  responsible  for  the  crimes  of  their 
.iitocratic  militaristic  Government.  In  all 
lieee  four  years  of  massacre,  rape,  arson, 
obbery,  morder,  have  the  German  people 
irotested  against  the  crimes  committed  in 
beir  name  <  Have  they  not  been  willing  to 
irofit  to  the  fullest  extent  when  they  seemed 
»  be  winning  the  war  ?  Our  dutv  is  clear 
3  regard  to  ''the  man  who  fell  among 
nieves ;"  but  what  is  our  duty  toward  the 
xieves,  the  murderers,  the  rapists,  those 
'ho  sink  passenger  vessels  containing 
'onien  and  children,  and  even  sink  tlie 
feboats?  (Rev.)  John  Whitehead. 
<*aiubfidse,  MaHaohiuetti. 

[What  shall  we  do  with  the  nation  guilty 
I  all  crimes  ?  Our  answer  is :  (1)  Conquer 
er ;  (2)  compel  her  to  repair  as  far  as  she 
Ml  the  evil  she  has  wrought;  (3)  deprive 
BT  of  the  power  to  repeat  tne  crimes  ; 
l^  then  do  what  we  can  to  set  in  motion 
rrres  that  will  convert  and  transform  her. 
-TiiK  Editoks.] 


THE  OUTLOOK 


475 


ROSES,  Violets  and  the  earlier  blooming  potted  plants  compete  with  late  Chrysanthe- 
mum varieties,  to  dominate  Thanksgiving  displays  in  Flower  shops  evetywhete. 
It's  needless  to  say  that  flowers  will  contribute  much  to  your  Thanksgiving  observance. 

This  Thanksgiving,  perhapc,  your  <ol<lier  boy  will  be  on  furlough,  or  youll  entertain  another  loldier 
boy  in  his  place.  Think  how  much  he  wiU  appreciate  the  preience  of  flowers  diere  in  your  home. 

Your  florist  is  ready  to  handle  Thanksgiving  otden  with  infinite  care  as  to  details  of  arrangement.  The 
cost  tvill  be' small  as  you  desire. 

Ifs  appropriate  to  said  Thankaghring  Floral  Remembrances 

Flowers  may  be  sent  anjwhere  In  the  U.  S.  or  Canada  through  the  Florists'  Telegraph  Oelliery 

'WKose'^irHideiy  is  irw 
November  1918 

■KM      'uc.   '\_nti   I  n«j.  I  f»i   V\if 

24|iS!2e'27l28'29!30 


LOOK  YOUR  BEST 

IT  is  not  only  woman's  privilege, 
it  is  her  duty  to  look  her  best  on 
all  occasions.  Woman  was  in- 
tended to  be  attractive — to  have 
charm  and  daintiness  with  which  to 
grace  her  home  or  wherever  she 
may  be.  To  assure  this  should  be 
one  of  her  chief  duties  as  well  as 
pleasures. 

''Morna  Bona" 

stands  for  Ptaeh  Blosstm  in  Japantst 

It  also  Stands  for  a  beautiful,  health- 
ful complexion.  It  is  not  merely  a 
matter  of  paints  and  powders,  out 
eoes  much  deeper.  Send  for  my 
little  booklet  and  learn  how  easily 
you  can  acquire  a  smooth,  clear,  soft 
skin — one  in  which  you  can  take  pride. 

SAMPLE  THIS  NIGHT  CREAM 

Cnmt  de  Nuit  is  one  0/  my  de- 
tigktfnl  pnpanttions.  Jt  was 
originally  made  for  my  prrtiate 
use,  and  apfeats  to  tie  patrons 
of  mv  .Veui  York  Salon  to  the  ex- 
clusion of  all  other  night  creme^. 
&n,i  28c  for  a  generous  sample. 

OTEUA  WESLEY 

B07  Fihli  At«b>m  (402)  Naw  York 


U.  S.  Army  or  Navy 
Red  Cross,  Y.  M.  C.  A. 
and  Allied  Organizations 

Letters  of  Credit  are  the  safest  and  most 
convenient  medium  for  carrying  funds. 

During  the  war  we  are  issuing  such  Credits, 
frm*  o/^  commsMion,  to  oiiicers  and  men  in 
tlie  U.  8.  Army  and  Navy,  and  to  those 
engaged  in  Red  Cross,  Y.  M.  C.  A.,  and 
allied  organization  work. 

W*  hanm  alto  senr  oar  Ammrlcan  rmprm- 
tmntativ  to  Franco  for  tho  eemwnimce 
of  -oar  frimada,  miih  hoadaaartorc  at 
tho  office  of  thm  Credit  Commoreiai 
do  Franco.   20  Kmo  Lafarolto.   PmrU. 

BROWN  BROTHERS  &  CO. 

PhiUdelphU  NEW  YORK  Boston 

BROWN,  SHIPLEY  &  COMPANY 

Foiiiid«n  Conit,  Lothbnrr  Oilce  for  TraT«l«n 

LONDON,  K.  C.  m  Fall  Mali,  LOMOON.S.W. 


^Igm^^j^^^^^^Opn  v^ 


476 


THE  OUTLOOK 


BY  THE   WAY 


"I  thouefat  I  had  told  you  everything," 
•aya  Mrs.  June  B.  Lucas  in  her  book  calfed 
"The  Children  of  France."  "I  haven't 
To-day  at  eleven  was  almost  the  most 
tiirilling  moment  of  all  at  £!vian.  Six  hun- 
dred and  ei^ty  Belgian  children  arrived 
on  the  mornmg  train.  Two-thirds  of  them 
had  been  taken  from  their  parents  because 
their  fathers  would  not  work  for  the  Ger- 
mans. Those  poor  children,  thin,  sickly 
looking,  alone,  calling  'Vive  la  France,' 
then '  Vive  la  Belgiqne,'  for  the  first  time 
in  three  years  t  .  .  .  How  they  ate !  They 
just  stuffed  that  good  dinner.  I  shall  never 
forgot  Uieir  hands,  Uttle  birdlike  claws,  so 
thin,  and  when  they  sang  they  waved  those 
pathetic  little  hands.  Such  a  volume  of 
song  as  came  from  them :  *  Le  Roi,  la  loi, 
la  ubert^!'  No  one  could  bear  it;  the 
French,  the  Americans,  the  Belgian  offlciak 
who  had  come  to  receive  them,  all  stood 
with  tears  on  their  faces." 

A  milkman  draftee  makes  a  novel  com- 
plaint. "  I  like  the  army  life,"  he  writes  to 
the  Boston  "  Transcript,"  "  only  it's  mighty 
hard  to  lie  abed  until  6:90  in  the  morning. 

The  Arab  sheik  is  a  keen  metaphysician, 
as  an  American  traveler,  Mr.  P.  H.  Chad- 
bourn,  discovered.  He  says  in  the  "  Atlan- 
tic :"  "  I  recall  a  delicious  dig  that  one  old 
Arabian  patriarch  got  off  on  me.  '  Why,' 
he  said, '  ao  voor  countrymen  send  mission- 
aries these  thousands  of  miles  topersnade 
us  of  the  divinity  of  that  saint,  Christ,  be- 
fore they  have  even  convinced  the  chief  of 
your  ovra  great  land  ?'  This  subtle  refer- 
ence to  our  [then]  Unitarian  President, 
William  H.Taft,"  Mr.  Chadboum  goes  on, 
"  from  a  Bedouin  of  the  desert,  was  too 
much  for  me." 

^Probably  a  large  proportion  of  the 
ships  which  never  reacn  port,"  according 
to  a  book  called  "  The  Ocean  and  Its  Mys- 
teries," "  are  sunk  by  running  into  derelicts, 
for  the  low-lying  hulks  are  liard  to  see  on 
a  dark  or  stormy  night,  and  a  vessel  strik- 
ing one  may  sinK  so  quickly  that  the  crew 
have  no  dme  to  take  to  the  boato."  This 
may  have  been  the  fate  of  the  U.  8.  collier 
Cydope,  which  disappeared  several  months 
ago  and  has  never  oeen  heard  from. 

Illustrating  the  difficulties  involved  in 
the  use  of  the  vernacular,  the  Dallas 
"  News  "  reports  this  dialogue  :  "  House- 
wife :  '  How  do  you  tell  bad  ^rgs  ?'  Smart 
Grocer :  '  I  never  told  anv,  but  if  I  did 
have  anything  to  tell  a  baa  egg  I'd  break 
it  gently.' " 

Dorothy  Canfield  tells  in  "Harper's 
Monthly  "  of  two  points  of  view  taken  by 
our  American  soldiers  with  whom  she 
talked  in  France.  One  man  was  a  middle- 
aged  farmer.  " '  I'm  from  Maine,'  he  said, 
soberly  ; '  over  draft  age,  of  course.  But  it 
looked  to  me  like  a  kind  of  mean  trick  to 
make  the  boys  do  it  all  for  us,  so  I  oome 
along  too.'  '  How  do  you  like  it,  now  you're 
here?'  I  asked.  He  looked  at  me  heavily. 
<Like  it?  It's  hell!' he  said.  'It's  dirty 
work,'  he  went  on, '  but  it's  got  to  be  done, 
and  1  ain't  a-goin'  to  dodge  my  share  of 
it'" 

The  other  soldier  was  from  Georgia. 
"A  fresh,  splendidly  built  lad,  he  looked 
an  from  his  first  bite  of  melon,  crying: 
'Yes,  suh,  a  eamtaloop,  a'  honest-to-the- 
Lawd  cantaloup !  I  don't  reckon  I'm  likely 
to  nm  into  a  watermelon,  am  I?  I  suahly 
would  have  to  be  ca'ied  back  to  camp  on  a 
streteheh   if  I  did!'    'How  do  you  like 


being  in  France?'  I  asked.  He  lodced  up, 
his  eyes  kindlintr.  'Well,  I  was  plumb 
crazy  to  get  hetSn,  and,.now  I'm  heah,  I 
like  it  mo'  even  than  I  'lowed  I  would. 
Oh,  yon  just  get  to  love  it!'  he  cried. 
'  Why,  I  mueh  want  to  go  home !  I  just 
want  to  stay  over  heah  and  go  right  on 
killin' Boches  all  my  life !' " 

^  W.  Hohenzollem,  as  interpreted  by  Mr. 
Simeon  Strunsky  in  an  amusing  satire 
called  "  Little  Journeys  toward  Pans,"  savs 
in  a  chapter  headed  "  Preparations  for  tne 
Trip :"  "  No  hard  and  fast  rule  can  be  laid 
down  for  the  length  of  time  to  be  spent  in 
preparation  for  an  excursion  from  Berlin 
to  Paris.  From  the  author's  own  experi- 
ence it  is  ohviovm  tiuA/larty^hree  yeargare 
not  enouffh." 

The  author  drops  into  Terse  in  the  book 
above  named,  in  celebration  of  the  theme 
of  the  Kaisei^s  trip  to  Paris : 

"  Yon  an  old,  Father  William,"  the  Kiown 
Prinoe  declared, 

"  Or  at  leaat  70a  am  well  in  jroor  prime ; 

And  yet  yoa're  aottie  diataaoe  away  from  I^u«e, 

Do  you  think  yon  will  get  there  in  time  ?" 

"  Now  that,"  aobbed  old  William,  "  O  prideoC 

Verdnn, 
Is  JQKt  what  I  fear  from  the  map, 
Thon^h  an  expert  at  aoiapping  of  papen,  I'm  not 
Qnite  np  to  the  Fodi  kind  of  aomp." 

Among'  outdoor  games  for  chQdren  in 
Japan,  "Jan  Ken  Po  "  is  very  popular.  It 
is  a  variation  of  a  game  that  is  sometimes 
played  in  the  streets  of  American  cities. 
Two  boys  simultaneously  throw  out  their 
hands.  If  the  hand  is  dosed,  it  is  called 
"  stone ;"  if  open,  "  paper ;"  if  two  fingers 
are  extended, "  scissors."  Paper  wins  over 
stone,  for  stone  may  be  wrapped  in  paper. 
Scissors  win  over  paper,  for  paper  can  be 
cut  with  scissors ;  but  scissors  lose  to  stone, 
for  stone  can  break  scissors. 

American  children  who  think  they  are 
doin^  a  great  feat  in  bouncing  a  ball  on 
the  side^ralk  a  hundred  times  without  miss- 
ing would  find  themselves  outclassed  in 
Japan.  The  Japanese  children  bounce  the 
ball  with  the  toot,  and  at  intervals  clap 
their  hands  and  whirl  their  bodies  around 
without  stopping  the  balL 

The  most  popular  indoor  game  in  Japan 
is  said  to  be  "  Hyaku  Nin  Isshn,"  the  one 
hundred  songs  and  poems  of  famous  writ- 
ers. This  game  is  played  as  follows:  A 
reader  is  chosen ;  he  has  one  complete  set 
of  cards.  The  rest  of  the  party  is  divided 
into  two  sides,  each  with  another  set  of 
cards.  The  reader  then  begins  to  read  the 
pK>em  on  one  of  his  cards.  Each  player 
aims  to  recognize  it  and  thus  help  win  tiie 
game  for  his  side.  Many '  of  the  poems 
have  similar  beginnings,  t>ut  the  skillful 
player  often  picks  np  the  right  one  from 
the  first  few  words  read.  A  forfeit  prevents 
undue  haste  in  claiming  the  card.  In  the 
larg^  cities,  it  is  said,  there  are  regular 
contests  of  expert  players  of  this  national 
card  game  of  Japan. 

Lieutenant  Alan  F.  Winslow,  who  brought 
down  the  first  German  airplane  that  feU  a 
victim  to  a  member  of  the  A.  £.  F.,  and 
who  contributed  an  article  on  "  An  Air 
Battle  "  to  The  Outlook  of  Julv  10  last,  has 
been  reported  missing.  It  was  believed  that 
he  was  killed  in  an  air  battle  near  F^re-en- 
Tardenois.  Our  readers  will  rejoice  to  learn 
that  he  is  now  reported  to  be  alive,  though 
a  prisoner  in  the  German  prison  camp  at 
Treves.  He  lost  his  left  arm  in  the  action 
in  which  it  was  believed  he  was  killed. 


DURAND 

Steel  Racks 


£)URANDSteeI  Racks 

are  made  accurately 
to  specifications,  and  are 
easily  erected  because  all 
parts  sure  adjustable  and 
absolutely  triie. 

All  shelving  can  be  quickly 
adjusted  without  tools,  to  meet 
any  temporzo;^. conditions.  'This 
loiny  in  storage  apace 
efficiency  and  syston. 


means  economy  m  stora; 
as  well  as 


Writa  today  for  catalogam  oTDutmiJ 
Stoal  Raeht  or  Dmrand  Stmmi  Loekm 
madm4o  mmmt  att  poSUm  roqmromMti 

DURAND  l^TEEL  LoCKERCO. 

1573  Ft  D«ariM»  Bk.  BUf.      973  SwmkwMk  BU^ 


Thm  IllllaUtioaTre•^ 
meiit  for  Wliooyinf 
Couglit  SpuBodk 
Croap»  C^da,  Of 
terrh,  A«lbau^  BtM* 

Eittbtishcd  1879  cllitUf  Cottflu* 

Simple,  wfe  knd  effectlTa,  tvohlliic  iBieraal  dr 

VftMciscd  Crcsolene  relieves  the  pAtOKytms  of 

Couffh  and  SpMmodlc  Ooup  at  «ace :  It  dI  |«  the  ct 

lieCore  It  has  a  chance  to  <lavclop  IntD  inniffhlng:    —- 

eipcrfcnoe  show*  that  *  fugitcttd  <^4  is  «  rfeivrr«w(*W^ 

Mrs.  Balllncton  Boodi  aaysi   "He  taattr.  wbars  **«• 

""'Tea,  skeaW  %%  wMfewM  tUs  laa^" 

'toff  rtie  aDtiseptk  vapor.  Inhaled  «M  rwrr 


are /sue  chlUrea.  sheaW  ha  wMfeent  this  laap. 
The  air  carrvtoff  rtie  aoilseptlc  vapor.  Inhaled 
breath,  nukes  breathing  easy  and  relieves  tite  tangesiioa- 


assurinff  restAil  nlgliti. 

It  Is  called  a  biton  by  Asthma  sufferers. 

For  tiie  bronchial  complications  of  Sorlct  Fever  sod  Un- 
sles.  and  as  an  aid  in  the  treatment  of  Dtpttthcrta.  CtcnUsr 
li  vslust>le  on  account  of  Its  powerftil  germlcklal  qeatfttr^ 

II  Is  a  pretactlen  ta  ihase  ea^nsad. 

Cresolenc's  best  recommendatlott  Is  Its  jg  years  e4  moaam- 
All  use. 

Sold  by  DraMiaca.    8«ad  for  d«MriptiT«  boftUst 

Try  Crttsolene  Aatis^ptie  Throat  Tablctt  fcr  the  Irrtutrd 
tiuoac  composed  of  slippery  elm  bask,  BcoslBa.  si^sr  a» 
Cresolene.  They  cant  harm  yoa.  OH  yoor  dnmlsl  m  frn* 
us,  toe  Id  stamps. 
mVAPO*CRE$OLraECO..aC«tellSt.ll>«T«rk 

Of  Leemtng-Milea  Buildmg,  Montreal.  Csnads        _ 


Digitized  by  VJWVJV  IV^ 


THE  OUTLOOK 


477 


A  BOOK  OF  BOOKS' 

We  have  often  referred  to  the  suhstantial 
service  rendered  to  readers,  editoi-s,  and 
libraries  by  tlie  "  United  States  Catalog." 
A  new  supplementary  voliune  of  over  two 
thousand  large  pages  catalogues  systemati- 
cally and  with  a  well-tliought-out  metho<l 
of  subject  references  and  cross-references 
the  books  and  pamphlets  published  in  the 
United  .States  m>m  1912  to  1917,  inclusive. 

All  of  us  who  have  frequent  occasion  to 
search  for  reference  to  titles,  authors,  pub- 
lishers, and  prices  of  books  know  that  it 
would  be  like  hunting  for  a  needle  in  a  hay- 
stack to  do  this  through  the  separate  cata- 
logues of  the  scores  of  pubbshers.  The 
system  so  long  and  so  accurately  carried 
out  by  the  editors  and  publishers  of  the 
"  United  States  Catalog  "  furnishes  a  quick 
and  up-to-date  key  to  this  problem.  From 
month  to  month  the  facts  are  collated  in 
separate  issues  of  the  "  Catalog,"  and  these 
agun  in  turn  are  collated  once  a  year. 
Anally  the  results  of  a  number  of  years 
are  included  (of  course  under  one  alpha- 
betization) in  a  manuuoth  volume  like  this. 
To  illustrate .  We  have  before  us  as  we- 
write  the  volume  entitled  **  Books  in  Print 
1912;"  we  have  the  volume  just  issued, 
"  Books  Published,  1912  1917 ;"  we  have 
also  the  paper-bound  issues  of  the  "  Cumu- 
lative Book  Index  "  for  July  and  October, 
1918,  which  together  cover  the  ground  from 
January  1  to  Octob«r  15, 1918 ;  we  have 
copies  of  the  "  Publishers'  Weekly  "  (which 
prmts  weekly  similar  lists)  reaching  up  to 
Kovember  9.  Thus  we  have  a  record  of 
books  in  print  and  published  in  this  coun- 
try op  to  within  ten  days  of  writing. 

The  immense  amount  of  detailed,  intri- 
cate work  required  to  carry  out  this  plan 
thoroughly  can  hardly  be  overestimate. 


"UNCONDITIONAL 
SURRENDER" 

In  an  article  published  in  The  Outlook 
of  November  o  Mr.  Myles  F.  Bradley 
gave  an  interesting  account  of  the  founding 
of  the  first  Unconditional  Surrender  Club 
and  of  the  spread  of  the  movement.  In  the 
couiae  of  the  article  he  said : 

The  offioen  of  the  Unconditional  Snrroncler 
rinb  iuiTe  aeaiched  high  and  low  for  any  refer- 
ence to  "  nnoonditional  snrrender  "  as  Applied 
to  the  present  world  oonfliot  that  might  have 
appeared  in  public  print  anywhere  previoos  to 
.Tal7  27  last. 

The  only  such  reference  that  it  has  succeeded 
in  finding  was  that  contained  in  the  editorial  of 
The  Outlook  on  July  24,  which  supplied  the 
ideo  for  the  formation  of  the  Club.  There  may 
have  been  other  printed  reference  to  it  some- 
where, but  the  most  careful  search  by  press- 
clipping  boieans  uid  personal  research  has 
failed  to  bring  it  to  light. 

A  correspondent  from  Wichita,  Kansas, 
sends  us  an  editorial  which  appeared  in 
tlie  Wichita  "Beacon"  of  June  25,  in 
which  the  phrase  is  used  :  "  But  if  dealings 
are  had  with  the  present  rulers,  how  can 
there  be  any  other  reliable  basis  except  the 
'  unconditional  surrender '  which  was  made 
famous  by  Grant?" 

Other  later  editorials  in  the  same  paper 
use  the  phrase.  So  far  as  it  appears,  uiere- 
fore,  the  Wichita  "  Beacon  is  the  first 
paper  known  to  have  used  the  phrase  "  Un- 
romlitional  surrender  "  in  this  connection. 

<  The  United  States  Catalog  Supplement.  Books 
KnUishrd,  W12-1917.  Editedby  Marion  E.  Potter, 
Emma  L.  Teiob,  and  Louise  Teioh.  The  U.  W. 
Wilson  Company,  New  York.   $48. 


They  Save  Teeth 
Now  in  a  New  Way 

All  Statements  AH<ro-;'cd  by  High  Dental  Authorities 


They  End  the  Film 


Countless  people  are  now  cleaning  -  their 
teeth  in  a  new  way.  And  modern  dentists 
all  over  America  are  urging  other  people  to 
join  them. 

The  old  ways  proved  inefficient.  As  millions 
know,  they  failed  to  prevent  tooth  troables. 
Despite  the  tooth  brush,  tartar,  decay  and 
pyorrhea  constantly  became  more  common. 

S6me  years  ago  the  reason  was  discovered. 
It  lies  in  a  film — a  slimy  film — which  con- 
stantly forms  on  teeth. 

That  film  gets  into  crevices,  hardens  and 
stays.  It  resists  the  tooth  brush,  and  moat 
tooth  troubles  are  now  known  to  be  due  to  it. 

The  film  is  what  discolors,  not  the  teeth. 


It  hardens  into  tartar.  It  holds  food  sob- 
stance  which  ferments  and  forms  acid.  It 
holds  the  acid  in  contact  with  the  teeth  to 
cause  decay. 

Millions  of  germs  breed  in  it.  They,  with 
tartar,  are  the  chief  cause  of  pyorrhea.  And 
many  troubles  besides  tooth  troubles  are 
traceid  to  this  germ-breeding  film. 

After  years  of  research,  a  way  has  been 
found  to  combat  it.  Able  authorities  have 
proved  this  fact  by  adequate  clinical  tests. 

For  general  use  the  method  is  embodied 
in  a  dentifrice  called  Pepsodent.  And  we 
supply  a  special  tube  to  all  who  ask,  so  the 
millions  may  quickly  know  it. 


Let  It  Convince  You 


The  Pepsodent  results  are  quickly  appar- 
ent. After  a  few  da}ra'  use  you  will  never 
forget  them. 

The  basis  is  pepsin,  the  digestant  of  albu- 
min ;  for  the  film  is  albuminous  matter.  The 
object  of  Pepsodent  is  to  dissolve  the  film, 
then  to  constantly  prevent  its  accumulation. 

But  pepsin  must  be  activated.  The  ordi- 
nary  agent  is  an  acid  harmful  to  the  teeth. 
For  long  that  fact  made  pepsin  seem  im- 
possible. 

Now  modern  science  has  discovered  a 
harmless,  activating  method.  Five  govern- 
ments already  have  granted  patents.  It  is 
that  method  which  makes  possible  this  effi- 
cient application. 

Four  years  have  been  spent  by  (lentists  in 
proving  the  value  of  this  product.  Now  we 
urge  alt  people  to  prove  it  by  a  home  test. 

Send  the  coupon  with  10  cents  for  a  spe- 
cial tube.     Use  it  like  any  tooth  paste.     Note 


how  clean  the  teeth  feel  after  using.  Mark 
the  absence  of  the  film.  See  how  teeth 
whiten  as  the  fixed  film  disappears. 

All  this  means  that  the  film  which  wrecks 
teeth  can  now  be  effectively  combated.  And 
you  will  never  cease  to  do  that  when  you 
see  what  it  means  to  you. 


Cut  out  the  coupon  now. 

SPECIAL  10-CENT  TUBE 

A  tixe  not  told  in  Drug  Stvrt 

THE  PBPSODBNT  CO., 

D«pt.  tn,  1104  S.  Wabash  Ave.,  Chicago,  m. 

Bndoaed    And    lOc    for    Special    Tube   ef 
Pepsodent. 


Addr 


Return  your  empty  tooth  paste   tubaa  to  the  nearmtt  Red  Cross  Station 

The  Neu)-*Day  ^Dentifrice 
A  Sci«ntific  Product — Sold  by  Druggists  Everywhere 


iiaiM' 


''■|il'|i!litilii|:!lll:IHI 


iiiiiniMiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiw 


(148) 


llllillilli;i;;i,:i:ri'  i-i: .' ..i.i!,.i,;iiiiiiiiii'r(i'i'i:iii|iiiiiiiiii'nn'in'  r  ir  |i  rmrr.'fy. 
Digitized  by  Va\^»^V  IC 


478 


THE   OUTLOOK 
TRAINING    SCHOOLS    FOR    NURSES* 


27  November 


The  Rochester  General  Hospital  School  of  Nursing 

Offers  m  tliorough  cour«*  of  tiutmction  and  practice*  3  year*  for 
High  School  graduatos,  2  years  and  3  montlu  to  CoUego  graduates 

Modem  buildings,  standardized  equipment,  special  instructors 

Tuition  $40.    Clcaaes  entering  September,  January  and  April 
All'  the  (acton  (or  devdoping  the  individual  (or  special  6elds  o(  Niusing.    Applicalions  should  be  made  to 

Principal  of  the  School  of  Naning,  The  Rochester  General  Hospital,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 


Young  Women  of  America ! 

HERE    IS    YOUR 
OPPORTUNITY 

to  become  a  Trained  Nurse  and  release 
a  pair  of  trained  hands  for  service 
"  Over  There." 

By  entering  a  Training  School  NOW 
and  preparing  yourself  for  service  at 
home  or  abroad  you  are  rendering  & 
distinct  patriotic  service. 

There  are  Bome  available  opvmngs  in  the 
Kings  County  Hospital  which  will  be  filled  in 
the  order  of  application  and  final  approval, 
'liiis  school  is  registered  under  the  Regents  of 
the  State  of  New  York.  Lene^^h  of  course  is 
2  years  and  3  mouths.  For  further  information 
write  to  the 

SUPT.  OF  TRAINING  SCHOOL 
Ciarksen  ATenue  Broekbm,  N.  Y. 


TEACHERS'     AGENCIES 


The  Pratt  Teachers  Agency 

70  Firtli  Avenue,  Mew  York 

Kecommends  tescben  to  coll«Kea^iblic  and  private  schools. 
Adviaea  parenu  about  scliools.    Win.  O.  Pratt,  MKr, 


SCHOOLS    AND    COLLEGES 


CONNECTICUT 


The  Curtis  School  for  Young:  Boys 

Has  grown  forty-lour  years  and  is  still  under  tlie  wjtive 
ilirecnon  oC  Ua  founder. 


PuoiBicK  6.  Curtis,  Principal 
GaRAi.D  B.  CuBTiB,  Assistant  Principal 
BaooaraLD  Cistkr,  Cohhicticdt. 


ILLINOIS 


Home  Study 

(27th  Ymt) 
BvrfB«M  Commuaicatioii.  Form*  of  PaUe 

Adiir—  —and  more  than  400  other  Academic 
and  profewonal  courses  are  ofierod  by  oo 
spondence.    Address  i 

uUf?  HnittnTBi^  of  dt^icosa 

PWMoo  10.  Chieato,  lU. 


The  Arlington  Training  School 
for  Nurses 

Ixxzated  near  Boston,  offers  a  complete  tliree  years*  counM) 

in  nursiug.  Candidates  miut  be  in  sotuid  health  and  have  had 

at  least  one  year  of  Uifch  Scliool  or  its  equivalent.  Special 

training  ffiven  hi  afflli^ed  hoapitala.   A  monthly  allowance 

is  ma«le  to  cover  cost  of  wearing  apparel  and  otlier  expenses. 

Fur  itiiritculnrx  (nldifxf 

BARBARA  T.  RlKO,  H.l>..  Principal,  Tlie  Arlington 

Trainiue  School  for  Nurses,  Arllufrton  Heights.  Maas. 

St.  John's  Riverside  Hospital  Training 
School  for  Nurses 

YQNKERS.    NEW  YORK 

Reglitered  in  New  York  Stata,  offers  a  3  years'  course— a 
geueral  training  to  refined,  educated  women.  Require- 
ments one  year  high  school  or  its  equivaleut.  Apply  to  tha 
Directress  of  Nurses,  Youkers,  New  Vorlc. 


SCHOOLS    AND    COLLEGES 


MAaSAC  HU8ETT8 


MASsACHcnm.  Barre. 
ITT  UT  UIT  T    A  Private  Home  and  School  for 
CXMl  rlU^l^  Deficient  Children  and  Youth. 

SkilUnl  and  affectionate  oue.  InrigoratbiK  air.  2J»aore 
farm.  Home  dairy.  All  modem  couveuieuces.  Personal 
companionship.  Health,  happiness,  efflcipiicy.  70th  year. 
Address  GsoROB  A.  BaoWN,  M.D„  O.  Pebcy  Bhown,  M.D. 


WALNUT  HILL  SCHOOL 

83  HlKhland  St..  Natick,  Mass. 

A  Collefce  Preparatory  School  for  Oirls.  17  miles  from  Boston. 

Miss  Conant,  MUa  Blselow,  Principals. 


Tlie  Burnham  School  c?r"ls 

NORTHAMPTON,     MASSACHUSETTS 

Founded  by  Marr  A.  Burnham  In  1877 

Opposite  Smith  ColleKe  Campus 

MISS  HELEN  E.  THOMPSON,  Headmistress 


MISS  CAPEN'S  SCHOOL  FOR  GIRLS 

For  many  years  known  as  "  The  Bamham  School." 

43rd  year  opens  September,  1919. 

Correspondence  should  be  addressed  to 

Miss  B.  T.  Capkn,  Principal,  Nobthamptov.  Hash. 


t 


SHORT-STORY  W^RITING 

A  coarse  of  forty  lessons  in  the  history,  form, 

■tmetare.andwritingof  the  Hhort'BtOTT  taught  by 

l»r.J.  ll»rvKsMwHs«rsryMrsBdltor*ri.lHlsr«ti*s. 

ISthpag^  eatalcifue/^Mn     Pltase  aaireta 

THK  IIMB  COBRBSrOXMCnrB  MHOOI. 

iwain    Dept.  n  Bprisfflffld,  Haasa 

THE  MISSES  ALLEN  SCHOOL 

Life  in  the  open.  Athletics.  Household  Arts.  College  and 
general  courses. 

Each  girPs  personality  observed  and  developed.  Write  for 
booklet. 

WSST  NaWTOH,  HAH8. 


NEW    JERSEY 


KENT  PLACE,  Summit.  N.  J. 

A  oountry  school  for  girls  2<i  miles  from  New  York.   Collefce 

Preparatory  and  Academic  Cournes. 

Mrs.  Sarak  Wosdoiaa  Paal,  Miss  Aaaa  S.  ffnshisi.  Priadpals 


The  Outlook 


Copyright,  1918,  by  The  Ontlook  Comiiaiiy 

TABLE  OF  CONTENTS 

Vol.  120      November  27,  1918       No.  12 

THS  oinxooi  n  nrBUSiOD  wiislt  st  Tm  odtuiok  tx>MrAXT, 
3S1  rousTH  ATiinTB,  mw  Toaa.  LAwaaaci  r.  Anrrr. 
pRistDiNT.     K.  T.  pvLsiraa,  vicB.pKaBiDBirr.     raAHa  c.  hotx, 

TRCABUala.         BBKBST    H.    ABBOTT,    SBCaVTAaT.         TBAVaaS    O. 

CASMAH.  ADvaaruiae  HAMAeaa.  tbablt  sobscbiptiov— 
rirrv-Two  issuas  — roea   noiXABs    in    aovamck.       kxtwmmd 

AS      SKOHD- CLASS      MATTBa,      JDtT     21.     1891,     AT     THB     rosT 

orrica    at    mw  roaa,   tmoaa   Tm    act   or   HAaca   3.   lers 


Feeding   Germany 481 

Feeding   Europe 481 

Preparing  for  Peaoe 481 

Germany  in  Traniition 482 

Our  Opportunity  in  Ruttia 482 

Anarchy  at  a  Discount  in  America 483 

Bdi«rin  Booth   Honored 483 

A  Russian  Painter  of  the  New  School..  483 

Horatio  C.  King 484 

Does  the  Government  Own  the  Railways  ?  484 

A  Good  Epitaph 484 

The  Crippled  Man  and  the  Public 484 

A  Place  Where  There  is  Plenty  to  Eat.  484 

Cartoons  of  the  Week 4SS 

A  Delightful  Compliment 486 

The  Vote  of  the  Dead 486 

Merchant  Marine  Training  Schools 486 

Freedom  of  the  Seas 487 

The  President's  European  Visit 487 

Merribell  Hill  Celebrates  Peace 488 

The   Balkan   Question :   The  Aspirations 

of  Montenegro 489 

Armenia :  Germany's  Guilt 490 

Freedom  of  the  Seas :  The  Discussion  at 

the  Hague  Conference 491 

The  Coming  British  General  Election...  492 
By  Frank  Oiloot 

Hymn     of     Free     Peoples     Triumphant 

(Thanksgiving,  1918) 494 

By  Hermann  Ha^edom 

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The  Outlook 

NOVEMBER  27,  1918 
Offices,  381  Fourth  Avenue,  New  York 


FEEDING  GERMANY 

Some  anxiety  has  been  expressed  by  individuals  and  news- 
paiters  lest  a  sentimental  desire  to  feed  the  German  people 
ihould  make  ns  forget  the  sufferings  of  those  peoples  whom  the 
[rernuuis  have  starved.  The  Montenegrins  are  a  small  people, 
they  are  our  allies,  they  are  suffering  from  himger,  and  we  have 
lone  nothing  to  help  them.  The  Polish  Committee,  of  which 
[giiace  Paderewski  is  Executive  Chairman,  announces  that  some 
£ree  million  human  beings  in  Polish  Galioia  and  three  and  a 
lalf  millioit  in  Russian  Pcuand  have  died  from  starvation,  cold, 
lisease,  and  exposure  since  August,  1914.  The  Polish  Committee 
OLya  that  *'  eleven  million  people  are  still  wandering  homeless, 
iiingry,  and  cold  among  the  ruins  of  twenty-two  thousand  vil- 
ages  and  two  hundred  towns  reduced  to  ashes.  '  Their  only 
lujte  is  in  America,'  cables  the  Bishop  of  Cracow.  '  We  pray 
;hat  the  coming  winter  will  be  mild.  "  At  the  head  of  this 
uiuounoement  the  Polish  Committee  quotes  the  following 
let-laration,  issued  during  the  war  by  General  von  Beseler,  the 
urerman  Military  Governor  of  the  Polish  city  of  Warsaw : 

Starvation  ia  a  great  force,  and  if  we  can  use  that  to  the 
advantage  of  the  German  Government  we  are  going  to  use  it. 
We  liave  wanted  and  needed  Poland  for  a  long  time,  and  if 
these  people  die  off  through  starvation-,  a  lot  of  German  people 
will  overflow  into  tliis  country  and  settle  here,  and  after  the  war 
Poland  will  be  a  German  province,  even  if  we  have  to  give 
it  np. 

Those  who  are  anxious  lest-  we  shall  forget  the  Poles  and  the 
^la\'s  of  eastern  Europe  while  thinking  of  the  Germans  rdtie 
rith  some  question  to  the  statement  which  the  President  made 
o  Congress  on  November  11,  as  follows : 

The  humane  temper  and  intention  of  the  victorious  Govern- 
ments has  already  been  manifested  in  a  very  practical  way. 
Their  representatives  in  the  Supreme  War  Council  at  Versailles 
iiave  by  unanimous  resolution  a88ure<l  the  peoples  of  the  Cen- 
tral Empires  tliat  everything  that  is  possible  in  the  circam- 
stances  will  be  done  to  supply  tliem  with  food  and  relieve  the 
distressing  want  tliat  is  in  so  many  places  threatening  their  very 
Uves ;  and  steps  are  to  be  taken  immediately  to  organize  these 
effort^  at  reUet  in  the. same  systematic  manner  that  they  were 
organized  in  the  case  of  Belgium.  By  the  use  of  the  idle  tonnage 
of  the  Central  Empires  it  ought  presently  to  be  possible  to  lift 
the  fear  of  ntter  misery  from  their  oppressed  populations  and 
set  their  minds  and  energies  free  for  tne  great  and  hazardous 
tasks  of  poUtical  reconstruction  which  now  face  them  on  every 
hand.  Hunger  does  not  breed  reform ;  it  breeds  madness  and 
aU  the  ugly  distempers  that  make  an  ordered  Ufe  impossible. 

We  do  not  think  Americans  need  to  be  anxious  about  this 
natter.  The  overwhelming  desire  of  the  people  of  the  United 
States  is  to  feed  their  suffering  allies  first  and  to  help  the 
lemuuiB  afterwards.  Indeed,  we  are  not  sure  that  there  is  not 
onie  danger  that  in  our  natural  indignation  against  those  Ger- 
aans  who  could  have  tolerated  such  an  announcement  as  that  of 
General  von  Beseler  we  shall  fail  to  do  what  common  humanity 
lemands  that  we  should  do  for  the  German  people.  Mr.  Hoover, 
rith  his  usual  common  sense,  has  stated  the  case  clearly : 

There  has  been  a  great  deal  of  unnecessary  furor  in  this 
oonntiy  about  feeding  Uie  Germans.  We  are  not  calling  upon 
the  American  people  to  make  any  sacriiice  with  a  view  to  feed- 
ing the  Crermans.  We  are  not  worrying  about  the  Germans. 
Thev  can  take  care  of  themselves  if  given  a  chance.  But  the 
blockade  has  eot  to  be  abandoned.  If  there  is  an  advance  relax- 
ation of  the  blockade,  Germany  can  get  food — iish  from  Norway 
and  Sweden,  grain  from  Argentina.  >Vhat  is  desired  most  now 
is  for  Germany  to  get  on  some  sort  of  stable  basis,  so  that  she 
can  pay  the  money  she  owes  to  France  and  Belgium. 

Since  the  armistice  was  signed  nothing  has  happened  showing 
}«rman  regret  for  Germany  s  barbarism.  The  appeal  to  Presi- 


dent Wilson  from  Chancellor  Ebert  and  Foreign  Secretary  Solf 
contains  no  word  of  repentance.  Nor  does  the  appeal  of  the  Ger- 
man women  to  Mrs.  Wilson  and  Miss  Addams,  which  naively 
implores  them  to  procure  "  a  change  in  the  terms  of  the  armi- 
stice so  that  the  long  suffering  of  the  women  and  children  of 
Germany  may  not  end  in  unspeakable  disaster."  The  sufferings 
of  the  Germans  have  been  brought  upon  themselves  by  them- 
selves. But  the  world  needs  to  have  the  Germans  fed,  because 
the  civilized  world  needs  to  have  Germany  maintained  until  her 
next  harvest  places  her  on  a  footing  to  provide  for  herself. 
Unless  this  is  done  anarchy  may  spread  throughout  Germany 
and  there  will  be  no  power  there  to  fulfill  the  conditions  of 
peace. 

FEEDING  EUROPE 

The  fact  is  that  for  a  lon^  time  to  come  America  has  got 
to  make  an  extreme  effort  to  aid  in  feeding  the  whole  of  Europe. 
The  people  in  Europe  may  be  divided  into  the  followmg 
classes: 

1.  Our  chief  allies — the  French,  the  British,  the  Italians — 
about  120,000,000  people. 

2.  Our  smaller  allies — the  Belgians,  the  Serbians,  the  Poles, 
the  Rumanians,  the  Portuguese,  the  Greeks,  the  Czechs,  the 
Jugoslavs  and  others — some  60,000,000  people. 

3.  The  European  neutrals,  say,  40,000,000  people. 

4.  The  Russians  in  Europe,  alwut  130,000,000  people. 

6.  The  Central  Powers,  now  only  some  90,000,000  people. 

As  arrangements  have  been  completed  by  which  our  chief 
allies  will  be  provisioned,  our  first  concern  now  is  for  our  smaller 
allies.  Of  tli^m  the  Belgians  stand  first  to  receive  aid,  and 
the  provision  for  them  has  been  doubled.  The  need  of  the 
Czechoslovaks  and  the  Jugoslavs  is  particularly  appealing,  how- 
ever, l)ecause  food  supplies  will  assist  their  new  Governments  to 
maintain  cohesion  and  order. 

As  the  neutral  states  are  all  now  on  short  rations,  as  some  of 
them  are  threatened  with  anarchy,  and  as  famine  is  the  mother 
of  anarchy,  our  next  concern  should  be  to  prevent  that  growth 
by  supplying  them  all  with  food. 

No  European  region  is  more  pathetic  in  its  suffering  than 
is  North  Russia.  Some  fifty  million  people  are  starving  there 
both  because  of  the  breakdown  of  transportation  and  because 
of  sheer  anarchy.  There  are  sufficient  food  supplies  in  South 
Russia,  but  there  is  no  transport  for  them  ;  indeed,  there  are 
only  three  areas  in  Europe  with  sufficient  food  supplies  to  last 
until  next  harvest  vrithout  imports — South  Russia,  Hungary, 
and  Denmark. 

America  must  take  over  largely  the  task  of  this  wholesale  feed- 
ing. Can  we  do  it?  During  tne  last  year  of  the  war  we  sent  to 
our  allies  nearly  twelve  miluoii  tons  of  food.  Had  the  war  lasted 
another  year,  we  knew  that  this  great  amount  must  have  been 
increased  by  about  six  million  tons.  Yet,  so  far  ^I'om  relieving 
us  from  the  burden  of  that  increase,  the  close  of  the  war  has 
only  added  to  it.  For  the  first  twelve  montlis  after  the  war  the 
requirements  of  food  from  this  country  to  Europe  will  be,  it  is 
estimated,  nearly  twenty  million  tons. 

To  provide  such  an  immense  amount  we  shall  need  to  pro- 
duce more  and  economize  more  than  ever  before. 


PREPARING  FOR  PEACE 

The  first  stage  in  the  progress  of  the  nations  toward  a  peace 
settlement  is  the  enforcement  of  the  armistice  conditions.  This, 
when  completed,  will  place  the  Allies,  through  the  material  and 
territorial  pledges  in  their  hands,  in  a  position  to  baffle  any 
conceivable  attempts  by  Germany  to  violate  her  pledged  faith 


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27  NovenikT 


as  she  has  done  more  than  once  in  the  past.  It  will  also  place  the 
Allies  in  a  position  to  enfoi-ee  those  terms  which  through  the 
Peace  Conference  tliey  shall  choose  to  impose  upon  Germany 
and  her  former  vassal  states. 

The  week  ending  November  19  recorded  reasonable  prepress 
in  the  carrying  out  of  the  provisions  of  the  armistice.  It  is 
natural  that  the  movement  shoidd  be  slow  at  first,  as  the  evac- 
uation and  occupation  of  territories,  the  surrender  of  warships, 
and  the  giving  up  of  enormous  quantities  of  material  form 
together  a  vast  and  complicated  task,  the  early  steps  of  which 
cannot  be  pushed  too  rapidly.  Gradually  the  German  forces 
are  withdrawing  from  the  French  and  Belgian  occupied  ter- 
ritory and  the  armies  of  the  AUies  are  following  them  from 
point  to  Jwiut  a.s  they  move.  Advance  forces  of  the  Belgians 
are  already,  as  we  writ«,  in  Antwerp  and  Brussels,  and  full 
oocnpation  will  quickly  follow.  The  British  forces  (which  had 
the  great  honor  and  satisfaction  before  fighting  ceased  of 
occupying  Mons,  where  their  famous  retreat  in  the  first  months 
of  the  war  began)  are  moving  forward  in  the  center  of  the 
line  toward  Liege ;  the  French  were  reported  on  November 
19  to  have  entere<l  Metz ;  at  their  head  was  General  Petain,  now 
a  Marshal  of  France.  Marshal  Foch  was  expected  to  enter 
Strassburg  by  November  24.  Our  American  Third  Army  is 
advancing  as  an  army  of  occmpation,  has  taken  possession  of 
Briey  and  the  immensely  valuable  mining  country  about  it, 
and  is  well  over  the  line  into  Lorraine.  There  have  been 
some  disorder  and  violence  in  a  few  of  the  towns  as  the  German 
forces  were  vnthdrawn,  but  there  is  no  indication  of  seiious 
difficulty  in  this  respect.  Charges  of  looting  and  plunder  are 
made  against  some  of  the  German  troops. 

Most  spectacular,  and  perhaps  most  significant,  of  the  acts 
of  submission  was  the  announced  departure  from  German  ports 
on  November  18  of  a  fleet  of  German  battleships,  cruisers,  de- 
stroyers, and  other  vessels.  These,  in  accordance  with  the  armi- 
stice conditions,  were  to  be  met  at  sea  by  British,  American,  and 
French  wai-ships  and  convoyed  to  the  i)ort  in  which  they  are  to 
remain  interned  and  disarmed  as  pledges  of  peace  on  the  sea 
during  the  disenssion  of  peace  terms.  A  Berlin  despatch  gives 
a  list  of  the  vessels  thus  taken  over  by  the  Allies.  It  names  ten 
battleships,  five  battle-cruisers,  and  six  cruisers.  Oddly  enough, 
at  least  one  of  these  vessels,  the  Dresden,  bears  the  name  of  a 
German  vessel  known  to  have  been  destroyed,  while  the  same 
is  true  of  the  Wiesbaden,  which  was  reported  destroyed  by 
revolutionists.  Probably  the  vessels  now  so  named  received 
their  present  names  after  the  destruction  of  those  which  first 
bore  uie  names. 

When  the  FivncJ^  soldiers  entered  recovered  Lorraine  on 
November  17,  they  were  acclaimed  with  joy  and  enthusiastic 
shouts  by  the  people.  A  press  correspondent  cables :  '*  After 
forty-seven  years  of  German  rule,  the  town  (Chateau  Salins) 
appeared  even  more  intensely  patriotic  than  French  towns 
that  had  never  known  any  other  than  French  rule."  This  seems 
to  be  typical  of  the  feeling  throughout  Alsace  and  Lorraine,  now 
joyously  returning  to  their  right  place  as  an  intend  part  of 
France. 


GERMANY  IN  TRANSITION 

It  is  difficult  to  feel  certain  as  to  the  internal  condition  of 
things  in  Germany.  For  instance,  as  we  write  it  is  being  pointed 
out  that  there  is  no  evidence  whatever  that  the  Kaiser  has 
signed  an  act  of  abdication.  No  such  document  has  ever  been 
made  public,  as  was  done  in  the  case  of  the  Emperor  Charles  of 
Austria.  With  this  report  comes  the  surprising  and  not  very 
probable  statement  that  the  Kaiser,  or  ex-Kaiser,  is  thinking  of 
returning  to  Germany  because  of  disturl)ed  social  conditions  in 
Holland ;  this  last  assertion  is  partiiridarly  lui reasonable,  for, 
although  there  is  some  Socialistic  agitation  in  Holland,  the  prob- 
ability of  a  revolution  there  is  slight,  while  in  Germany  revolu- 
tion is  rampant.  Now.  if  the  Kaiser  has  not  al)dicate<l.  then  the 
lawfulness  of  Prince  Maximilian's  claim  to  act  as  Regent  and  his 
right  to  api)oiut  Herr  Ebert  Chancellor  seem  to  i-est  on  slight 
basis. 

There  has  been  confusitm  also  as  to  the  status  and  member- 
ship of  the  so-<'alIed  ('abinet  hea<led  by  P]bert.  Pi-obably  some 
of  this  confusion  arises  because  of  the  existence  of  a  Prussian 


Cabinet  as  well  as  a  German  Cabinet.  The  former,  if  the  litu- 
ation  is  stated  correctly  in  i-ecent  despatches,  is  under  the  lead- 
ership of  Solf  as  Foreign  Minister,  the  latter  under  the  leader 
ship  of  Haase  as  Foreign  Minister,  and  both  under  Ebert  a- 
Chancellor.  It  is  the  German  Cabinet,  as  distinguished  f^m. 
the  Prussian  Cabinet,  which  is  distinctively  Soinalist  in  its  wuh 
position,  while  the  other  is  in  its  composition  a  c^oalition.  Pnk- 
tically,  Germany  may  be  regarded  as  having  a  Proviaioiiai 
Government  which  must  ultimately  obtain  indorsement  by  tly 
l)eople  of  Germany  through  a  Constituent  Assembly  or  som- 
other  representative  body  if  it  is  to  be  taken  as  permanent  ur 
really  national.  There  is  ako  to  be  reckoned  with  the  gn>wiii; 
tendency  to  disintegration  as  between  the  German  kingdoms  aad 
principalities.  It  is  more  than  probable  that  Bavaria  and  otlK^ 
of  the  former  Imperial  units  will  take  this  opportunity  to  estali- 
lish  independence  and  freedom  from  Prussian  overrule. 

The  Cabinet  which  has  been  organized  under  Friedrich  El*n. 
as  Premier  and  head  of  the  Interior  and  War  DeiiartmeuUi.  i- 
composed  entirely  of  Socialists.  Three  of  them — Ebert,  Laixt 
berg,  and  Scheidemann— are  among  the  Majority  Socialists.  »bii 
supported  the  Imperial  Government  in  war  measures  ;  while  the 
other  three — Haase,  Barth,  and  Dittmann — are  classed  as  loir- 
pendent  Socialists ;  the  last  named  was  released  from  imprisoi- 
ment  only  a  few  days  before  the  downfall  of  the  Kaiser.  Bartl 
is  an  extremist,  was  once  editor  of  the  Socialist  newspaijir 
"Vorwarts,"  and  is  said  to  represent  the  faction  now  giT<« 
the  name  of  Spartacus,  which  comes  nearest  in  its  aims  to  tlit 
Bolshevik  intentions. 

Thei-e  has  been  less  of  actual  revolutionary  violent*  in-  tb* 
week  under  discussion  than  previously.  The  fiercest  developiii«i: 
of  revolt  was  undoubtedly  m  the  navy.  A  singular  story  is  Ui\ 
from  two  or  three  different  quarters  as  to  this  naval  revoh. 
As  stated  in  *'  Yorwiirta,"  it  is  that  either  the  German  fieri 
was  ordered  out  on  October  28  for  a  final  and  desperate  faattir 
or  that  the  sailors  in  the  fleet  believed  that  the  order  was  gh«i 
"  This,"  says  "  Vorwiirts,"  "  was  the  real  spai-k  that  kmdleil 
the  revolution."  This  story,  which  in  another  form  also  oomr« 
from  Germany  through  the  Wolff  press  agency,  is  ui  aerori 
with  the  statement  attributed  to  Sir  Eric  Getldes,  First  Lml 
of  the  British  Admiralty,  to  the  effect  that  he  knew  posifivel; 
that  the  German  fleet  iiad  been  ordered  out  to  meet  tbe  Briti>i 
fleet  '*  as  a  last  gambling  chance." 


OUR  OPPORTUNITY  IN  RUSSIA 

Under  the  terms  of  the  armistice,  Germany  mnst  at  oixt 
withdraw  her  military,  politic^d,  and  financial  agents  in  Rnada. 
What  this  means  is  best  known  by  tho^e  who  have  stntiin] 
Germany's  intricate  and  subtle  schemes,  extending  fOr  .yM^ 
before  the  war  as  well  as  during  the  war,  for  gaining  and  ierf^ 
ing  a  hold  on  Russian  affairs  and  on  Russian  commerce.  X<i« 
comes  our  great  opportimity  to  restore  peace  and  prosperity 
in  Russia  and  to  release  that  nation  from  both  German  »kI 
Bolshevik  domination. 

The  All-Russian  Provisional  Government,  now  at  Omsk.  1«» 
a  right  to  speak  for  Russia ;  the  Bolshevik  tyrants  at  Mo9n>« 
have  not.'  The  AU-Russian  Government  legitimately  derivf» 
its  power  from  the  Constituent  Assembly  lawlessly  dispetsi^i 
by  the  Bolsheviki.  It  therefore  represents  all  classes  in  Bn^ 
and  is  a  proper  central  point  about  which  opposition  to  tk 
Anarchists  now  in  power  must  gather.  It  is  quite  proliaUe  du: 
its  Directorate  of  Five  will  soon  be  heard  from  in  Altiseow :  f- ' 
after  the  opening  of  the  Blatik  Sea  and  the  Baltic  Sea  niwln 
the  armistice  the  rule  of  the  Bolsheviki,  even  now  solely  a  rul- 
of  terrorism  and  slaughter,  cannot  long  survive. 

The  President  of  the  Provision^  Government,  Nii*bi 
Avksentieff,  lately  pointed  out  to  a  newspaper  corresponJfi:' 
that  the  Provisional  Government  is  far  from  being  a  militari"' 
committee.  Two  of  its  direcrtors  are  Socialists,  one  is  a  Consti 
tutional  Democrat,  one  is  a  non-partisan  with  Socialist  tmif.- 
cies,  only  one  is  a  military  officer.  The  last  thing  that  Ui> 
Dire<rtorate  wants  is  a  military  dictatorship. 

Russia  is  still  in  a  state  of  civil  war.  It  can  be  restored  su" 
re-estabHshe<l  only  by  putting  such  an  end  to  civil  war  x>  'il' 
secure  self-governmentand  nation-wide  representation.  The  beA 
and  apparently  the  only,  way  to  bring  this  aliout  is  for  the  AlBw 


Digitized  by  Va\^»^V  IV^ 


1918 


THE   OUTLOOK 


483 


to  work  hand  in  band  with  the  Provisional  Government.  The 
President  of  that  Government,  in  reply  to  the  direct  question, 
"How  can  the  Allies  help  Russia  against  the  Bolsheviki?" 
replieil,  as  reported  in  the  New  York  "  Times :" 

First,  by  recognizing  this  GoTemment,  which  is  at  the  head 
of  the  Russian  democratic  movement  against  tlie  Bolshevik!. 

Secondly,  such  recognition  will  strengthen  this  Government 
in  the  eyes  of  the  masses,  and  all  elements  desiring  democracy 
in  Rossia  will  look  to  this  Government  as  the  supreme  authority. 
Thirdly,  there  are  some  reactionary  elements  which  hate 
democracy,  which  are  raising  their  heads  in  European  Russia. 
Only  when  the  reactionary  element  sees  that  this  Government 
has  the  support  of  the  free  governments  of  £urope  and  America 
will  these  reactionaries  be  powerless. 

Fourthly,  the  Bolsheviki  have  finished  the  work  of  the  Czar's 
r^me  in  ruining  and  entirely  destroying  the  economic  life  of 
the  country.  Before  this  Government  can  oe  in  a  position  to  re- 
establish economic  life  it  mast  have  supplies  of  clothing,  house- 
hold necessities,  and  anmianition  from  the  Allies.  In  this  way 
the  Allies  can  help  democratic  Russia  to  endure. 

These  are  reasonable  wishes  and  proposals.    They  certainly 
should  be  met  by  the  Allies. 


ANARCHY  AT  A  DISCOUNT  IN  AMERICA 

In  some  of  the  copies  of  The  Outlook  for  November  20, 
muler  a  portrait  of  Senator  Nelson,  the  caption  indicated 
that  Mr.  Nelson's  opponents  at  the  recent  election  had  been 
Mtwsrs.  Bummiist  and  Wheaton,  an  error  corrected  in  copies 
later  printed.  Neither  Mr.  Bumquist  nor  Mr.  Wheaton  opposed 
Mr.  Nelson's  nomination  or  election.  Mr.  Bumquist  was  Re- 
publican candidate  for  Governor,  Mr.  Wheaton  his  Democratic 
opponent. 

As  The  Outlook  has  already  stated,  Mr.  Nelson's  services  in 
the  United  States  Senate  have  been  distinguished  by  such 
[latriotiam  as  to  call  forth  from  President  Wilson  himself  a 
retjuest  to  the  Minnesota  Democrats  not  to  oppose  the  Senator's 
r«^ection.  They  agpreed  to  this  with  apparent  unanimity.  But 
at  the  eleventh  hour  a  combination  made  up  of  a  small  faction 
beaded  by  ex-Governor  Lind,  with  the  backing  of  some  of  the 
National  Democratic  Committee,  the  leaders  of  the  so.<!alled 
N'on-Partisan  League  ("'  of  American  Bolsheviki "  some  say 
shoidd  be  added),  some  of  the  liquor  interests,  and,  finally,  the 
prcvGermaiis,  oppose*!  Mr.  Nelson's  election.  The  Democratic 
party  of  Minnesota  was  thus  divided.  Of  course  the  larger  and 
better  part  vote<l  for  Senator  Nelson. 

The  situation  really  settled  down  to  an  issue  between  the 
people  of  the  State  and  the  Non-Partisan  League.  Mr.  Nelson 
was  the  nominee  of  the  Republican  party  and  indorsed  by  the 
"^tate  Democratic  Committee,  whereas  the  sole  organized  sup- 
[tnrt  of  his  opiwnent  came  from  the  Non-Partisan  League. 
\Ir.  Nelson  won  over  his  combination  opponent  by  a  majority 
if  alwut  a  hiuidred  thousand. 

Tlie  same  Issue  existeil  in  the  gubernatorial  situation,  not  only 
in  Minnesota,  but  in  neighboring  South  Dakota.  The  Republi- 
"aiis  saved  two  States  m  which  the  League  spent  strenuous 
u'tivity.  Governors  Bumquist  and  Norbeck  were  indorswl  by 
ugnilicant  majorities. 

But  all  these  events  (mint  to  no  merely  Republican  or  parti- 
lan  victory.  In  the  eletftion  party  lines  were  practically  lost. 
Voters  felt  tliat  it  was  a  question  of  saving  a  great  region  from 
the  control  of  those  who  were  undertakmg  to  capitalize  rest- 
letsHiiess  and  dist^ontent,  not  to  say  anarchy.  They  have  nnleeined 
that  region  from  conditions  that  threatened  its  loyalty  and  good 


name. 


EDWIN  BOOTH  HONORED 


It  is  not  often  that  a  memorial  can  be  jilace*!  so  Bttingly 
uitl  appropriately  as  is  the  statue  of  Edwin  I^Mtth  whicli  was 
iiiv«»ifed  in  Gramercy  Park,  in  New  York  City,  on  November 
l.'i.  The  stattie  stancts  in  full  view  of  the  home  in  which  Edwin 
R(M)th  die<l.  By  Mr.  Rwth's  own  generosity  aii<l  tiirough  his 
love  for  and  devotion  to  the  profession  he  so  long  adoniwl,  tliis 
lotue  after  his  death  lieeanie  the  home  of  tlie  Playci-s  Club, 
\\n\  is  in  it-self  a  worthy  and  deli<jhtfid  nieniorial  to  tlie  gn'mt 
wu>r.   The  quiet  and  retiring  little  park  in  wliieh  the  statue 


stands  is  peculiarly  fitted  for  the  memorial.  On  another  page 
will  be  found  a  photograph  of  the  statue  which  gives  an  accept- 
able indication  of  the  dignity  and  excellent  pose  of  the  figure 
as  designed  by  the  sculptor,  Mr.  Edmond  T.  Quiuu. 

In  accepting  the  statue  for  the  Players  Club,  Mr.  John  Di-ew, 
the  President  of  the  club,  spoke  feelingly  and  truly  of  the  great 
stimulus  given  by  Booth  not  only  to  uie  art  of  the  theater  but 
to  fine  arts  in  general.  Mr.  Brander  Matthews,  in  a  scholarly 
and  eloquent  address,  enophasized  Mr.  Drew's  remark  by  declar- 
ing that  it  was  because  Booth  loved  h<'-  profession  and  because 
he  knew  that  it  was  not  good  for  the  members  of  any  one  pro- 
fession to  fellowship  exclusively  with  one  another  that  he 
provided  in  founding  the  Players  Club  that  in  it  the  men  of  the 
theater  shoidd  associate  with  men  of  letters  and  with  artists, 
painters,  sculptors,  and  architects. 

It  is  surprising  that  New  York  has  not  heretofore  possessed 
any  sculptured  memorial  to  the  greatest  of  American  actors — 
indeed,  it  is  said  that,  witii  the  one  exception  of  Ward's  statue 
of  Shakespeare  in  Central  Park,  there  is  no  statue  of  any  actor 
in  the  whole  city.  It  is  gratifying  that  so  admirable  a  testimony 
to  Booth's  fame  is  now  achieved  while  his  memory  is  still  clear 
and  undimmed  in  the  minds  of  many  Americans.  Booth  was  an 
actor  by  inheritance,  an  actor  by  genius,  and  an  actor  through 
never-ceasing,  minute  study  of  his  art. 

A   RUSSIAN   PAINTER  OF  THE   NEW   SCHOOL 

The  exhibition  of  pictures  by  the  modern  Russian  painter, 
Boris  Anisfeld,  at  the  Brooklyn  Museum,  is  an  interesting  and 
significant  one.  It  brings  home  to  the  observer  the  fact  that  in 
painting,  as  in  everythmg  that  appeals  to  the  aesthetic  faculty, 
the  old  order  changes. 

This  new  school  in  painting  aims  at  the  expression  of  what 
may  be  called  decorative  idealism,  rather  than  at  the  realization 
on  canvas  of  beauty  as  the  average  layman  sees  it. 

A  landscape  means  to  this  new  school,  not  an  interpretation 
of  fact  in  pleasing  outlines  such  as  an  Inness  or  a  Constable  or 
an  Old  Crome  may  have  conceived  it,  but  a  faneifiU  and  imagi- 
native collocation  of  forms  and  colors  which  serve  to  make  an 
appeal  to  the  emotions  thi-ough  the  educated  eye. 

The  artists  who  cultivate  this  style  of  expressiim  undoubtedly 
have  a  message  to  ironvey,  but  it  is  a  cryptic  one  and  it  needs 
sympathy  and  a  trained  taste  to  appreciate  it. 

The  public  more  easily  responds  to  the  work  of  this  school 
when  it  is  presented  in  purely  decorative  effects  as  seen  in  the 
theater  with  the  aid  of  brilliant  lighting  and  the  large  appeal  pos- 
sible on  the  stage,  than  in  the  narrower  scoi)e  of  the  jminter's 
canvas. 

The  public's  enthusiasm  over  the  Russian  scenic  decorators, 
as  represented  in  recent  seasons  in  America  by  Bakst's  remark- 
able productions,  furnishes  an  illustratiou  in  point. 

This  enthusiasm  is  probably  destined  to  jjass  over  to  '  the 
decorative  paintings  oi  this  school,  for  their  dash,  brilliancy, 
and  "  modernism  "  give  any  gallery  or  room  in  which  they  may 
be  displaye<l  a  touch  of  that  radiant  color  which  is  desired  by 
many  collectors. 

Boris  Anisfeld,  says  Christian  Brinton,  the  well-known  art 
critic,  in  discussing  this  I^issian  artist's  work  and  personality, 
was,  in  point  of  fact,  the  preilwessor  of  Bakst  and  the  entire 
school  of  Russian  scenic  det^orators.  lie  has  i>ersonally  designed 
costumes  and  painted  scenery  for  several  of  the  most  iuiiK>rtaiit 
productitms  of  the  Russian  I^llet.  Mr.  .\nisfeld  was  Itoru  in 
the  province  of  Be-ssanihia,  away  to  the  south,  in  1879,  and  has 
devote<l  himself  to  painting  from  his  youth.  He  was  early 
regarde<l  as  an  irreconcilable  relnd  against  the  tt-a<litioiial  canons 
of  art,  and  his  earliest  work  was  marke<l  by  the  new  spirit  of 
subjectivism  as  opjiosetl  to  lealisni.  He  h;is  Ihh'u  an  indefatiga- 
ble worker  and  traveler,  and  is  almost  as  well  known  ui  Paris 
as  in  Petrograd.  He  eame  to  America  last  spring,  leaving  Petro- 
grad  amid  the  turmoil  of  the  Revolution,  with  the  pit-tures  now 
on  exiiiliition  stripju'd  of  their  frames  for  safer  transiKirtation. 

We  present  on  another  page  repnxlnctious  of  a  few  of  these 
remarkable  (>aintings — a  ixn-ti-ait  of  the  artist  by  himself,  which 
in  conjuiK'tion  with  a  photograph  of  Mr.  Anisfeld  fairly  illus- 
trat*^  the«lecorative  chara<'ter  of  his  pictures;  a  Ru-ssian  lan<l- 
seai>e  ;  and  a  ^ynilMilizatiou  of  the  Russian  Christmas.  Of  couimc 


Digitized  by  VJ^^^^V  IV^ 


484 


The  outlook 


no  monochrome  reproduction  can  give  an  idea  of  the  chromatic 
effects  of  these  striking  pictures.  Appreciation  of  the  work  of 
this  school  of  art  is  imdoubtedly  becoming  more  widespread, 
and  Mr.  Anisfeld's  canvases  will  probably  be  viewed  with 
interest  wherever  they  are  exhibited. 

In  these  days,  when  Russia  is  "down,"  the  sight  of  an 
Anisfeld  picture,  like  the  hearing  of  a  Tcha'ikowsky  symphony, 
makes  us  realize  that  the  real  Russia — its  soul — is  bound  to  rise 
and  assert  itself  again. 

HORATIO  C.  KING 

Creneral  Horatio  C.  King,  at  one  time  the  business  man- 
ager of  the  "  Christian  Union,"  now  The  Outlook,  died  at  his 
home  in  Brooklyn,  New  York,  on  November  16,  in  the  eighty- 
first  year  of  his  age. 

He  was  bom  m  Portland,  Maine,  the  son  of  Postmaster- 
General  Horatio  King,  graduated  from  Dickinson  and  Allegheny 
Collies,  and  entered  the  New  York  bar.  In  1862  he  eiuisted 
in  the  Union  Army,  won  a  Congressional  medal  for  conspicuous 
bravery  in  the  Virginia  campaign  in  1865,  and  was  brevetted 
successively  major,  lieutenant-colonel,  and  colonel.  When  dark 
days  fell  upon  the^Christian  Union," of  which  his  pastor,  Henry 
Ward  Beecher,  was  editor-in-chief,  he  left  the  pratftice  of  the  law 
to  become  its  business  manager,  returning  to  the  law  later.  He 
joined  the  New  York  militia  and  became  Judge- Advocate  Gen- 
eral, which  gave  him  the  title  by  which  he  was  subsequently 
known.  He  was  a  lover  of  music  and  a  composer,  as  well  as  au- 
thor and  lectiii-er,  and  often  volunteered  as  a  substitute  organist 
for  historic  Plymouth  Church,  of  which  he  was  an  active  member 
and  since  about  1900  the  clerk.  At  the  time  of  Mr.  Beecher's 
death  he  extemporized  on  the  organ  for  several  hours  while  the 
body  lay  in  the  church  in  state,  a  task  of  no  inconsiderable 
difficulty  successfully  fulfilled.  For  the  last  few  years  he  had 
been  laid  aside  from  active  life  by  ill  health.  A  distinguishing 
characteristic  was  his  loyalty — ^loyalty  to  his  country,  his  church, 
and  his  friends. 


DOES  THE  GOVERNMENT  OWN 
THE  RAILWAYS? 

A  correspondent  in  whose  judgment  we  have  unusual  con- 
fidence writes  to  us  as  follows : 

In  the  editorial  on  "  The  Nation  at  School,"  in  the  issue  of 
November  20,  The  Outlook  makes  the  statement  that "  the  Gov- 
ernment owns  and  operates  oar  railways  and  our  telegraphs ;" 
later  on  it  savs :  "  Shall  the  Government  continue  to  own  our 
railways  ?  or  shall  it  return  the  railways  to  the  present  owners  ?" 

Are  you  going  to  let  such  statements  stand .''  Does  our  Gov- 
ernment oivn  our  railways?  J.  M.  G. 

Technically  the  Government  does  not  own  our  railways  or 
our  telegraphs.  But  practically  its  attitude  towards  those  public 
utilities  is  that  of  ownership.  Ijegally  it  leases  the  railways  and 

fiays  a  definite  rental  for  them.  So  far  as  the  public  is  concerned, 
lowever,  its  whole  attitude  is  that  of  a  (h  facto  owner.  If  it 
does  not  return  the  railways  to  the  private  owners  at  the  expira- 
tion of  the  term  of  lease,  the  Government  will  become  a  de  jure 
owner.  This  is  really  what  we  had  in  mind  when  the  editorial 
was  written.  " 


A  GOOD  EPITAPH 

The  daily  newspapers  have  just  recorded  the  death  of  a 
basebaU  professional,  "Mike"  Tiernan,  who  was  a  famous 
fielder  and  batter  on  the  team  of  the  New  York  "  Giants  " 
twenty-five  years  ago  and  more.  He  was  a  favorite  among  the 
frequenters  of  the  game  and  known  to  and  respected  by  profes- 
sionals all  over  the  country.  He  never  "  scrapped  "  with  the 
umpires  or  indulgetl  in  loud-mouthed  protests  or  bullyragging, 
and  was  therefore  familiarly  known  as  "  Silent  Mike." 

Tiernan  died  the  other  day  obscurely  in  a  New  York  public 
hospital,  of  tuberculosis. 

One  of  the  sporting  editors  of  the  New  York  "  Evening 
Post "  concludes  his  obituary  notice  of  this  once  famous  athlete 
with  these  words : 

"  He  obeyed  the  rules  and  played  the  game." 

A  memorable  epitaph !  And  one  that  would  confer  honor  on 


a  soldier  or  a  statesman  !  A  democracy  all  of  whose  citjieiii 
obey  the  rules  and  play  the  game  is  pretty  sure  to  be  a  gwj 
one  to  live  in. 


THE  CRIPPLED  MAN  AND  THE  PUBLIC 

The  responsibility  of  the  public  in  its  relations  to  the  (i» 
abled  men  who  will  soon  be  thronging  the  steamers  from  Fnini 
on  the  coming  of  peace  was  effectively  brought  out  at  a  meetii^ 
at  the  Waldorf  Astoria  Hotel  in  New  York  City  on  Novemlia 
11.  Mr.  Douglas  C.  McMurtrie,  who  is  the  Director  of  tl^ 
Red  Cross  Institute  for  Crippded  and  Disabled  Men,  openti 
under  the  supervision  of  the  Department  of  Military  Relief. 
Washington,  spoke  in  strong  terms  of  the  general  apathv, 
not  hostuity,  of  employers  of  labor  when  appbed  to  for  a  job ' 
a  disabled  man.  He  told  of  such  a  man  who  liad  made  more  tl 
a  thousand  applications  for  work  before  he  landed  i 
"  Always,"  said  this  man,  "  I  was  greeted  in  a  kindly  maniM; 
sympathized  with,  offered  a  half-dollar,  and  told  there  wu  » 
place  for  me."  Finally  this  man  got  work,  made  good,  «a 
elected  to  a  public  office,  and  is  held  in  the  greatest  respect  » 
a  useful  citiaen  and  an  inventor  of  some  of  me  best  appliaiM« 
for  similarly  disabled  men. 

"  When  a  fine,  healthy  man  wakes  up  in  an  army  iiMpitil 
to  find  that  he  is  without  arms  or  legs  or  eyes,"  said  Mr. 
McMurtrie,  "  a  feeling  of  hopelessness  takes  possession  of  hin.  i 
He  remembers  first  the  cripples  he  has  seen  sitting  on  the  mlr 
walks  at  home  selling  pencils  or  shoestrings.  He  thinks  hf  it 
doomed  to  that  fate.  Sometimes,  but  rarely,  he  thinks  of  tfe 
pension  the  Government  will  give  him  and  pictures  hiaed 
sitting  by  the  fire  and  loafing  for  the  rest  of  his  life..  We  nuM 
rescue  him  from  both  of  these  prepossessions.  To  do  this,  n 
must,  on  the  one  hand,  show  him  what  he  can  do  and  teadi  hii 
how  to  do  it.  We  must,  on  the  other  hand,  educate  the  pabii 
to  look  upon  him  as  a  man  who  can  give  good  semee  ii 
exchange  for  living  wages  and  not  be  regarded  in  any  way  k 
an  object  of  commiseration." 

Mr.  McMurtrie  told  of  occupations  in  which  the  blind  exopl-| 
including  such  novelties  as  the  testing  of  gongs  for  docks,  mi 
the  assembling  of  electrical  equipment.  He  told  of  the  n«< 
methods  of  overcoming  the  disabilities  of  stiffened  leg«  uJ 
arms — putting  a  man,  for  instance,  on  interesting  jobs  taatai 
of  giving  him  uninteresting  gymnastic  exerdsee.  "  And  v 
■  must  get  these  despondent  men, '  he  said,  "  in  touch  with  otlx? 
disabled  men  who  nave  made  good."  He  mentioned,  bemde*  tbr 
case  detailed  above,  thdt  of  another  man  who  had  lost  an  ara 
four  fingers  of  the  remaining  hand,  and  both  legs,  and  whohvl 
yet  become  prominent  politically,  the  president  of  one  of  tlf 
-largest  banlu  in  a  Western  State,  and  the  father  of  a  liapF.i 
and  useful  family. 

The  old  plan  of  letting  disabled  soldiers  become  a  biinleo  (• 
themselves  and  others  must  be  abandoned,  said  Mr.  Mdfartiv- 
To  do  this  is  a  great  work  and  requires  the  most  devnttd  » 
operation  on  the  part  of  the  public,  not  so  much  in  thi  STin; 
of  money  as  in  the  changing  of  the  old  attitude  of  raWcqing* 
crippled  man  as  necessarily  deficient  in  industrial  abOpy. 


A  PLACE  WHERE  THERE  IS  PLENTY  TO   EAT 

The  i>eoples  of  the  war-stricken  and  faniine-stridgM  t"'^ 
tries  abroad  might  well  read  with  envy  the  descriptiov  jpei^ 
the  Arctic  explorer  Stefansson  the  other  day  in  Nev  ToiV  '^ 
t\te  ease  with  which  one  supports  life  in  the  remote  AmIk  H; 
said  :  "  The  food  problem  is  very  simple.  You  go  avttfui  ^o 
animals  and  eat  them."  Stefansson  is  not  only  a  great  caailun^ 
bnt  the  originator  of  a  new  theory  of  exploration ;  Bri<<i! 
stated,  this  is, "  Live  off  the  country."  Formerly  Arctic  exjA* 
era  carried  large  stores  of  specially  prepared  food  with  titf 
and  dared  not  go  farther  than  half  the  distance  the  food  wraU 
last.  Stefansson  argued  that  the  right  way  was  to  travel  ^rn 
lightly,  go  fast,  and  find  the  main  support  fnHn  the  coontn 
l%e  feasibility  of  this  theory  he  has  demonstrated  more  titf 
once. 

For  the  first  time  since  his  return  from  the  Far  N'*'^ 
Stefansson  visited  New  York  recently,  said  in  an  exor*^ 
ingly  interesting  address  before  the  Harvard  Club  espEUxU 


Digitized  by  VJ^^VJV  IV^ 


CARTOONS      OF      THE     WEEK 


Kirby  in  the  Xew  York  World 


Vrom  the  liyatander  {hondon) 


THE  UKWKLCOMK  01TK8T 


THE  '•  INDIBPEN8ABLE  " 
The  Cartoonist : ' '  Here,  stop  !  Wlmt  am  /going  to  do  if  yo«  go  off  the  stage  ? ' 
THE  DEPOSED  KAISER 


From  the  Sketch  (London) 


From  La  Victoire  {Paris) 


Genimniii :  "  We  have  to  give  up  the  loot,  Wilhelm,  but  we  can't  get  the 

Uoodstiuns  off  t"  

THE  HOUR  W  RESTITUTION 


From  the  Pausing  Show  (London) 


Besne  :  "  Toa'll  hare  to  be  awful  good  now,  Bobbie." 

Bobbie:  "Why?" 

B«M>e :  "  'Cause  I  heard  father  tell  mother  he  was  gmn'  to  put  in  a  new 

IcctrieswiUili,"  

MODERN  niPRONTirMENTR  IN  HOME  DISCIPLINE 


Male  Pluniber :  "  'Ello  I    Come  back  for  yer  toola  ?" 
Female  l)itto :  "Good  eraoions,  no  !   I've  finished." 

Male  Plumber :  "  Finished  'f  Bah  t  Jest  what  I  alius  sud  about  jron  women. 
You  never  will  be  any  good  at  this  job  1" 

UNPROFESSIOX.\L  CONDUCT 


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27  Noieml«T 


his  theory,  illiiBtrating  it  by  his  own  experiences.  Among  his 
exploits  in  the  Far  North  have  been  the  discovery  of  the  so- 
called  "  blond  Eskimo "  and  the  putting  of  five  new  Art^tic 
islands  on  the  map,  together  with  the  erasing  from  the  map  of 
something  which  was  supposed  to  be  a  large  island  and  was 
called  King  Christian  Island,  but  turned  out  to  be  a  gi'oup  of 
three  or  four  islets. 

Because  of  the  loss  of  the  ship  Karluk,  with  all  its  stores, 
Stefansson  and  his  men  were  forcetl  to  put  their  food  theory  to 
a  more  rigid  test  than,  they  had  intended.  Indeed,  for  the 
greater  part  of  five  years  they  subsisted  almost  entirely  on  ani- 
mals and  fish.  On  their  bill  of  fare  were  polar  bears,  seals, 
reindeer,  musk-ox,  and  wolves.  Only  one  of  the  party  objected 
to  wolf  meat,  and  that  on  the  ground  that  it  was  against  the 
dietanr  laws  in  the  Book  of  Deuteronomy ;  the  others  declared 
that  the  wolf  meat  was  the  best  food  they  had.  They  laughed 
to  scorn  the  idea  that  the  Arctic  regions  are  barren,  and  de- 
clared that,  in  a  sense,  it  is  easier  to  make  a  living  up  in  the 
Ai"ctic  region  than  in  a  place  like  New  York  City. 

Despite  the  mishaps  and  perilous  adventures  of  the  party, 
they  did  a  great  deal  of  valuable  scientific  work.  The  personnel 
of  the  party  represented  seven  countries,  ten  universities,  and 
almost  every  branch  of  scientific  knowledge.  How  extensive 
their  work  was  may  be  judged  by  the  fact  that  the  re^mrt  of 
one  department  alone — that  of  the  biologists — will  require 
eleven  lai^e  volumes. 

A   DELIGHTFUL   COMPLIMENT 

Last  week  we  had  something  to  say  about  the  propriety  of 
the  American  people  preserving  a  modest  demeanor  regarding 
their  material  achievements  in  the  great  war.  What  we  as  a  peo- 
ple may  justly  pride  ourselves  upon  is  our  spiritual  contribution 
to  the  struggle.  This  has  made  a  profound  impression  upon  our 
European  aUies.  The  other  day  we  were  p>ermitted  to  read  a  letter 
from  an  important  member  of  the  American  Government  who 
hafi  just  been  making  an  official  visit  to  Europe.  The  letter  was 
written  from  the  other  side  and  contains  the  following  passage : 
There  could  be  nothinpr  more  inspiring  for  any  American  tlian 
to  be  in  Europe  at  this  time  to  witness  the  way  in  which  not 
only  the  oppressed  of  every  race  but  the  belligerents  themselves  ' 
are  tuminG' to  America  as  their  guide  and  leader  in  tlie  present 
struggle.    Even  when  all  allowance  has  been  made  for  the  lan- 
g^iage  of  courtesy,  it  is  positively  embarrassing  to  accept  tlie 
multiplied  evidences  of  this  general  feeling.  President  AA  ilson's 
ascendency  is  accepted — the  fact  not  even  admitting  debate.  I 
think  you  will  appreciate  the  statement  which  was  made,  not  by 
a  Frenchman  to  an  American,  but  by  one  French  Minister  to 
another.    Speaking  of  the  batde  of  Chateau  Thierry,  he  said : 
"  The  Americans  have  saved  Paris,  and  they  have  done  it  as  if 
we  did  them  a  favor  in  permitting  it." 

^  No  finer  compliment  has  been  paid  to  General  Pershing  and 
his  army  than  is  contained  in  this  French  Cabinet  Minister  s 
judgment.  Our  attitude  at  home  should  be  the  same.  We  should 
be  forever  grateful  to  the  French  and  British  for  letting  us  share 
their  problems  and  labors  and  victory. 

THE  VOTE  OF  THE  DEAD 

In  Maurice  Barres's  book  "  The  Faith  of  France  " — a  book 
which  celebrates  the  spirit  of  imity  characterizing  the  French 
fighters — he  recommends  a  propaganda  for  "  the  suffrage  of 
the  dead." 

Since  the  beginning  of  the  war  a  vast  number  of  Fi-enchmen 
have  died.  What  are  we  going  to  do  for  them  ?  asks  M.  Barres. 
To  honor  those  who  have  been  most  illustrious  we  shall  erect 
statues  in  the  public  squares ;  for  others  there  will  be  the  head- 
stones in  the  cemeteries. 

Yet  how  barren  this  seems,  and  how  inadequate  I  "  These 
dead  whom  we  recognize  as  superior  to  ourselves  and  whose 
.  voices  we  shall  hear  to  the  end  of  our  days — can  we  admit," 
queries  M.  Barres,  "  that  hereafter  they  shall  remain  silent  and 
tnat  they  shall  no  longer  be  consulted  in  the  reconstruction  of 
the  country  which  they  have  saved  ?" 

Death  has  eliminated  from  France  about  one-tenth  of  her 
electoral  body.  This  will  cause  disruption  in  dealing  with  pub- 
lie  matters,  affirms  M.  Barres,  because,  in  some  eases,  combat- 


ants and  their  families  will  now  find  themselves  controlled  lij 
nonKX>mbatants.  *'  How  can  the  former  equilibrium  be  pt*- 
vented  from  being  so  unjustly  impaired?"  he  asks,  and  re^m, 
"  The  names  of  the  dead  should  continue  to  appear  upon  the 
lists  of  electors.  They  will  vote  through  the  intermediary  of 
their  families." 

Especially  should  they  vote  through  the  intermediary  of  the 
women  in  their  families.  The  vote  for  women,  as  M.  Ban«. 
says,  "  has  been  up  to  the  present  time  in  our  country  the  object 
of  adverse  critics  over  whom  its  partisans  have  been  unable  t<> 
triumph."  But  France  owes  homage  to  the  wives  and  mothers 
of  her  heroes,  for  the  enthusiasm  of  those  heroes  was  in  great 

Srt  bom  from  the  courage  and  self-abnegation  of  their  women, 
oreover,  those  women,  affirms  M.  Barres,  are  worthy  to  n» 
"  the  ballot  of  that  soldier  whose  soul  is  one  with  theirs." 

Hence  he  asks  that  the  French  electoral  list  be  amended  so 
aa  to  satisfy  the  universal  sense  of  g^titude  and  obligation  dne 
to  the  families  whose  heads  have  died.  He  claims  the  right  of 
Vote  of  the  Dead. 


MERCHANT  MARINE  TRAINING  SCHOOLS 

The  recruiting,  service  of  the  Federal  Shipping  Board  (shi. 
sists  of  recruiting  and  training  of  both  officers  and  crews  for  mer- 
chant ships.  First,  it  must  recruit  experienced  men  to  l)e-traiut^i 
as  deck  or  engineer  officers ;  and,  second,  it  must  recmit  inei- 
perieneed  men  to  be  trained  for  service  in  merchant  crew*. 
Following  recruiting  both  officers  and  crews  must  be  traineil. 
Officers  are  trained  m  shore  schools  in  navigation  and  engmevr 
ing,  and  crews  are  given  sea  training  on  training  ship  at 
training  bases  at  Boston,  New  York,  Norfolk,  New  Orleani. 
San  Francisco,  Seattle,  and  Cleveland. 

The  officers'  schools  are  open  only  to  men  who  have  had  twn 
years'  actual  experience  at  sea  or  equivalent  service.  Int«n»Te 
courses  in  navigation  are  given  lasting  six  weeks  from  four  to  eight 
hours  daily.  On  finishing  their  courses  the  students  go  before 
the  local  steamboat  inspectors  at  the  port  at  which  their  school 
is  situated  for  examination.  The  recruiting  service  has  opened 
forty-three  navigation  schools.  Of  these  some  have  exhaust<d 
the  local  supply  of  material  and  have  terminated  their  sesainit- 
after  prosperous  careers.  The  first  school  of  all,  establi^ied  in 
June,  1917,  at  the  Massachusetts  Institute  of  Technology,  la> 
been  in  continuous  session.  Twenty  are  now  in  session,  vrith  over 
eight  hundred  students.  The  schools  are  located  on  the  Atlantir 
coast  from  Rockland,  Maine,  to  Tampa,  Florida ;  one  is  at  Xw 
Orleans ;  four  are  on  the  Pacific  coast,  and  three  are  at  por^ 
of  the  Great  Lakes. 

As  to  the  training-ship  schools,  courses  vary  from  the  miui- 
mnm  of  not  less  than  a  month  to  not  more  than  two  m<»itfa&. 
Here  the  courses  are  also  intensive,  lasting  about  eight  hours  a 
day.  Particular  attention  is  paid  to  boat  drill,  fire  drill,  seaman- 
ship, lookout,  knowledge  of  the  compass,  the  haodling  ami 
splicing  of  ropes,  and  especially  to  the  art  of  handling  fuel  awi 
making  steam.  Indeed,  the  marine  fireman's  job  is  more  thD- 
merely  shoveling  coal  on  a  fire.  The  Federal  Shipping  Boanl'< 
aim  in  training  firemen  is  also  to  secure  conservation  of  cod. 
A  fireman  who  knows  the  heat  value  of  the  fuel  he  is  handling, 
the  laws  of  combustion,  and  the  principles  of  operation  of  tk- 
boilers  under  which  he  maintains  fires,  can  save  at  least  a  tw 
of  coal  a  week,  it  is  believed,  as  compared  with  the  unbuiix^ 
men.  As  there  are  some  seven  thousand  American  and  AllitJ 
ships  in  service  at  this  time,  the  importance  of  this  principle  u( 
savmg  is  ai>parent.  For  firemen,  oilers,  and  water-tendel^, 
whose  duties  aboaixl  ship  are  attended  by  special  respmisilHlity. » 
system  of  special  instruction  is  employed.  Men  who  have  1*1 
experience  of  thi-ee  months  firmg  and  on  boilers  of  SSteec 
pounds  pressure  are  trained  as  marine  firemen  for  two  week* 
and  inexperienced  men  a  month  before  being  forwarded  «Js»- 
where  for  sea  training,  while  men  who  have  fired  six  months  or 
more  on  boilers  of  such  pressure  are  trained  as  marine  oBen 
and  water-tenders. 

Of  course  to  recruit  the  men  required  under  the  Shippiii; 
Board's  system  of  training  it  was  necessary  to  have  a  \u^ 
number  of  recruiting  agencies.  These  were  secured  through  & 
voluntary  co-operation  of  Mr.  Louis  K.  Lig^tt,  of  Bostco. 
President  of  the  United  Drug  Company,  which  controls  o^rt 


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sixty-eight  hundred  stores  in  the  United  States.  Mr.  Li^«tt 
offered  the  use  of  all  these  stores  to  the  recruiting  service.  This 
offer  being  aocepte<l,  his  store  managers  were  sworn  into  the 
Goremment  service  at  a  dollar  a  year  each  as  special  enrolling 
^nts  for  the  Federal  Shipping  Board's  recruiting  service. 
These  agents  b^;an  recruiting  young  men  last  February  ;  they 
lave  enrolled  nearly  thirty  thousand  applicants  for  training.  . 


FREEDOM    OF    THE    SEAS 

THE  second  of  the  terms  of  the  President's  historical  docu- 
ment now  known  as  the  "  Fourteen  Points  "  deals  with 
the  soK^ed  **  freedom  of  the  seas."  It  reads  as  follows : 
Absolute  freedom  of  navigation  upon  the  seas,  outside  terri- 
torial waters,  alike  in  peace  and  in  war,  except  as  the  seas  may 
be  closed  in  whole  or  in  part  by  international  action  for  the 
enforcement  of  international  covenants. 

This  statement  by  the  President  has  been  criticised  as  being 
vague.  Indeed,  in  its  instructions  to  Marshal  Foch  regarding 
the  terms  of  the  armistice  the  Council  of  Versailles  stated  that 
the  President's  announcement  regarding  the  freedom  of  the 
seas  "  IB  open  to  various  interpretations,  some  of  which  they 
[the  Allies]  cannot  accept,"  and  the  Council  therefore  expressly 
reserved  to  the  Allies  the  right  to  interpret  the  phrase  after  the 
Peace  Conference  beeins.  VVe  do  not  see  how  the  President 
t-oiUd  have  been  anything  else  but  vague  in  his  pronouncement 
regarding  this  question,  for  the  whole  world  is  vague  in  its  ideas 
about  it. 

The  doctrine  of  the  freedom  of  the  seas  is  a  product  of  evo- 
lution, and  has  therefore  been  in  a  state  of  flux  or  transition 
since  the  dawn  of  modem  civilization.  It  has  never  been  clearly 
and  completely  defined  by  any  statute  or  declaration  of  inter- 
national law. 

In  olden  times  the  seas  were  no  more  free  than  the  laud.  Dur- 
ing the  Middle  Ages  the  land  was  not  free  to  passengers  or 
travelers  or  commerce.  One  only  needs  to  read  one  of  the  most 
vivid  and  stirring  of  historical  novels,  "  The  Cloister  and  the 
Hearth,"  to  see  that  warfare  in  Eiu^pe,  at  a  time  when  the 
universities  and  cathedrals  and  the  arts  and  the  sciences  were 
receiving  their  greatest  impetus,  was  a  kind  of  guerrilla  brig- 
andage. No  one  was  safe  from  attack.  Civilian  travelers  and 
merchants  were  robbed  and  imprisoned  by  straggling  parties  of 
soldiers  as  freely  as  though  they  were  belligerent  enemies.  On 
the  seas  there  was,  in  fact,  little  distinction  between  privateei's, 
licensed  by  government  authority,  and  pirates. 

But  little  by  little  experience  showed  that  no  commerce  and 
industry,  and  therefore  no  national  life,  could  progress,  indeed 
L*ould  hardly  exist,  under  these  conditions.  And  gradually  a 
[•ode  of  procedure,  which  can  scarcely  be  dignified  by  the  term 
international  law,  grew  up.  To  use  a  golfing  term,  it  became, 
Qot  the  rule,  but  the  etiquette  of  the  game,  to  spare  non-com- 
batants and  to  refrain  from  destroying  or  interfering  with 
property  which  did  not  have  a  direct  bearing  upon  military 
jperations.  The  first  to  be  spared  were  those  who  were  miu- 
isterine  to  the  wounded,  and  so  it  became  cowardly,  dis- 
honorable, and  vicious  to  destroy  hospibds  or  to  kill  nurses 
iT  surgeons.  Later,  by  common  consent,  but  without  any 
rer^  definite  declarations,  private  property  of  non-belligerent 
nations  on  land  and  on  the  sea  was  regarded  as  immune  from 
attack.  Privateering,  like  piracy,  fell  into  innocuous  desuetude. 
At  the  various  Hague  Conferences  during  the  last  quarter  of  a 
?«ntary  an  effort  was  made  to  put  this  common  understanding 
with  regard  to  the  kinds  of  iieople  and  the  kinds  of  property 
tliat  were  to  be  allowed  freedom  m  time  of  war  into  the  form 
>f  international  agreements. 

As  a  residt  of  this  evolutionary  process  there  were  certain 
liroad  lines  of  understanding  and  of  practice  between  the  nations 
it  the  outbreak  of  the  European  war  in  1914.  Red  Cross 
workers  and  helpers  of  the  wounded  were  respected  ;  hospital 
thips  were  not  fired  upon  ;  civilian  passengers  on  neutral  vessels 
were  not  interfered  with ;  private  property  in  transit  on  the  sea 
was  not  captured  unless  it  was  si)ecnfically  defined  to  be  contra- 
liand,  and  the  contraband  articles  were  listed  by  agreement ;  a 
neutral  vessel  could  be  stopped  and  examined  for  contraband 
itMumodities,  but,  if  it  contained  them,  it  must  be  taken  to  the 


nearest  port  of  capture  for  adjudication  by  the  civil  courts ; 
enemy  cotmtries  could  be  blockaded,  but  the  blockade  must  be 
an  actual  stoppage  of  entry  or  exit  from  definite  ports. 

Very  early  in  the  European  war,  however,  Germany  aban- 
doned definitely  and  openly  all  these  principles  and  practices 
which  had  grown  up  in  an  informal  way  out  of  the  experience 
of  the  last  two  or  three  centuries.  She  publicly  asserted  that 
military  necessity  knows  no  law  and  that  she  should  practice 
terrorism  in  any  way  she  chose.  At  first  she  claimed  that  this 
terrorism  was  based  upon  the  law  of  reprisals  and  that  she 
adopted  it  because  her  enemies  adopted  it  first.  This,  however, 
was  so  manifestly  contrary  to  the  facts  that  she  soon  abandoned 
this  reason  and  proceeded  to  bomb  hospitals,  fire  on  stretcher- 
bearers,  kill  non-combatants,  destroy  property,  and  sink  shijps 
with  their  crews  and  passengers  whenever  and  wherever  she 
believed  this  procedure  would  aid  her  in  reaching  her  military 
goal. 

At  sea  this  practice,  Germany  said,  was  made  necessu'y  by 
the  submarine,  for  a  submarine  could  not  capture  a  non-oom- 
batant  merchant  vessel  and  take  it  into  port,  neither  could  it 
sink  a  vessel  carrying  contraband  goods  and  take  the  crew  and 
passengers  into  port,  as  had  been  done  in  all  recent  wars. 

Even  the  law,  or,  more  correctly  speaking,  the  custom,  of  block- 
ade was  changed.  In  our  Civil  War  the  Union  Navy  kept  the 
South  from  exporting  cotton  by  closely  blockading  the  Southern 
ports,  but  when  any  neutral  vessel'with  a  cargo  of  cotton  could  dart 
out  from  a  harbor  and  dodge  through  the  cordon  of  war- vessels 

{'ust  outside,  it  escaped.  Great  Britain  enlarged  the  idea  of 
tlockade  from  that  of  surrounding  specific  ports  to  tliat  of  sur- 
rounding an  entire  coimtry.  When  the  United  States  was  neu- 
tral, it  protested  against  this  modification  of  the  blockade  idea 
and  asserted  that  the  blockade  could  not  be  extended  from  the 
mouth  of  harbors  out  into  the  open  sea.  But  this  protest  was  soon ' 
abandoned.  The  result  was  that  during  the  last  two  or  three 
yeai-8  of  the  recent  war  freedom  of  the  seas  meant  that  Allied 
and  neutral  vessels  could  sail  the  oceans,  not  because  of  rules  or 
regulations,  but  simply  because  the  British  Navy,  with  tlie  aid 
of  its  Allies,  was  by  force  protecting  neutral  and  Allied  ships 
from  attack  wherever  they  might  be  found  by  the  German  sub- 
marine or  the  German  raider. 

The  Peace  Conference  will  therefore  come  to  this  question  of 
the  establishment  of  the  freedom  of  the  seas,  with  all  precedents 
abn^^ted  and  with  an  entirely  clean  slate,  to  make  new  defini- 
tions and  new  agreements  for  the  future.  When  we  say  with  all 
precedents  abrogated,  we  mean  all  precedents  of  practice.  There 
are  still  many  moral  principles  regarding  the  freedom  of  the  seas 
enunciated  in  history,  in  books  of  international  philosophy  aiul 
morals,  and  in  international  conferences,  notabW  those  of  The 
Hague.  On  another  page  we  report  some  of  these  Hague  opinions. 

li  a  League  of  Nations  is  tormed  by  the  Peace  Conference, 
as  undoubtedly  one  will  be,  one  of  its  most  important  duties 
will  be  to  redefine  the  rights  of  armies  and  navies  in  time  of 
war.  One  of  the  functions  of  the  League  of  Nations  will  be  to 
police  the  world,  and  if  the  League  lays  down  the  rules  of  con- 
duct of  the  police  force  those  rules  will  undoubtedly  be  obeyed. 

For  these  reasons,  we  believe,  one  of  the  most  important  and 
one  of  the  most  interesting  and  far-reaching  of  the  functions  of 
the  Peace  Conference  will  be  to  put  in  plam  and  easily  under- 
stood terms  a  definition  of  the  phrase  "  freedom  of  the  seas  " 
and  the  rights  of  beUigerents  and  neutrals  under  that  freedom. 


THE    PRESIDENT'S    EUROPEAN  VISIT 

We  cannot  share  the  widely  expressed  doubts  about  the  wisdom 
of  the  President's  visit  to  the  Peace  Conference,  which  has  now 
been  officially  announced.  He  is  not  going  as  a  delegate  to  be 
constantly  present  and  to  take  part  in  aU  the  debates  and  dis- 
cussions. The  President  feels,  to  quote  the  language  of  the 
annoimcement,  that  "  his  presence  at  the  outset  is  necessary  in 
order  to  obviate  the  manifest  disadvantages  of  discussions  by 
cable  in  determining  the  g^reater  outlines  of  the  final  treaty 
about  which  he  must  necessarily  be  consulted." 

The  convening  of  the  Peace  Conference  at  Versailles  will  be 
the  greatest  international  event  in  history.  There  is  not  a  living 
man  who  woidd  not  be  glad  to  be  pi-esent  either  as  a  participant 


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or  an  observer.  It  is  natui-al  that  the  President  as  one  of  those 
most  deeply  concerned  should  wish  to  be  an  active  participant. 
This  alone,  if  his  duties  and  responsibilities  at  home  can  be 
adjusted,  is  motive  enough  for  his  strong  desire  to  go ;  but  there 
are  still  more  important  reasons,  we  believe,  for  his  decision. 

The  United  States  is  entering  upon  a  new  era  in  its  political 
life.  It  is  taking  an  important,  if  not  predominant,  part  m  inter- 
national relationships.  Out  of  an  unreasonable  and  parrot-like 
repetition  of  Washmgton's  phrase  "  entangling  alliances  "  there 
had  grown  up  in  this  country  up  to  the  outbreak  of  the  Euro- 
|iean  war  a  foolish  tradition  that  we  must  have  "  nothing  to  do 
with  abroad."  The  war  has  shown  us  clearly  that  our  ^tional 
life  is  bound  up  with  the  national  lives  of  Europe,  Asia,  Africa, 
and  South  America. 

Nothing  could  so  signalize  this  new  era  and  the  realization 
of  this  truth  as  the  visit  of  the  President  of  the  United  States 
to  an  international  conference  in  a  European  country.  For 
this  reason  it  will  do  the  people  of  the  United  States  good. 

It  will  also  do  the  people  of  Europe  good.  It  will  show  them 
as  perhaps  nothing  else  could  [that  we  propose  to  work  with 
them  as  neighbors  m  one  commimity. 

And  last,  but  not  least,  we  respectfully  believe  that  it  will 
do  the  President  himself  good.  He  has  been  sometimes  criti- 
cised for  trying  to  run  things  alone,  for  attempting  to  do  things 
entirely  "  off  his  own  bat,"  for  being  inclined  to  close  his  mind 
too  much  to  the  views  of  others.  If  there  is  any  basis  for  this 
criticism,  nothing  could  more  effectively  remove  it  than  to  have 
him  sit  shoulder  to  shoulder  and  face  to  face  with  tlie  liberal 
statesmen  of  Europe  and  to  hear  directly  from  their  lips  their 
views  and  their  policies. 

This  is  all  predicated  upon  the  assumption  that  the  Presi- 
dent's visit  will  be  a  brief  and  personal  one,  and  that  he  will 
.leave  the  detailed  discussions  to  the  official  delegates  whom  he 
may  apjMint  for  the  purpose.  We  can  scarcely  believe  that  the 
President  can  be  tempted  to  transfer  the  seat  of  Government 
of  the  United  States  from  Washington  to  the  American  Embassy 
in  Paris,  and  to  transact  his  business  as  Chief  Executive  by 
couriers,  despatch  boats,  and  cabled  vetoes,  although  rumors  to 
this  effect  have  appeared  in  Congress  and  in  the  daily  press.  If 
the  President's  advisers  should  suggest  such  a  course  to  him 
they  wiU  find  that  the  country  will  strongly  and  seriously  object. 


MERRIBELL  HILL  CELEBRATES  PEACE 

The  Happy  Eremite  lay  in  bed  staring  at  the  bright  patch 
over  the  top  of  the  screen  and  dreamily  wondering  whether  it 
meant  getting- up  time  or  was  merely  moonlight.  He  heard  the 
children  breathing  beside  him  in  deep  sleep ;  he  heard  a  mouse 
noisily  making  away  with  the  woodwork ;  ne  heard  a  rat  scam- 
pering to  and  fro  in  the  attic  overhead. 

Then  he  heard  something  else. 

Faintly  and  coming  from  afar  he  heard  the  sotmd  of  whistles 
blowing.  Five  miles  away,  for  some  reason  or  other,  the  great 
munition  city  was  playing  ducks  and  drakes  with  the  slumber 
of  its  citizens.  It  was  not  one  whistle,  but  a  hundred ;  and 
through  the  whistles  the  pealing  of  bells! 

"  Peace,  by  crickets !" 

The  Happy  Eremite  sprang  out  of  bed  and  crept  downstairs 
to  the  telephone.  "  Central,"  for  once  wide  awake  in  the  small 
hours,  told  him  what  he  wanted  most  to  hear.  "  And  the  town's 
going  crazy !"  she  cried. 

He  leaped  into  his  clothes,  plunged  into  the  depths  of  the  coat 
closet,  and  emerged  with  a  tin  horn  of  the  children's  in  one 
hand  and  a  megaphone  in  the  other. 

The  night  was  clear  and  cold,  with  a  lucent,  purple  heaven 
sprayed  with  stars  and  a  clean-cut  half-moon.  He  ran  up  the 
road.  The  scattered  houses  were  dark. 

Puffing,  he  stopped  on  the  first  crest  and  blew  a  stentorian 
blast.  "  Lights  up  I    Lights  up !"' 

Lights  fiashed  at  his  call-  lie  half  walked,  half  i-an,  down 
a  little  hollow,  and  stopped  at  the  crossi-oads.  Again  he  set  his 
horn,  like  Childe  Harold,  to  his  lips.  "  Lights  up !  Lights  up  I" 

He  ran  on  up  the  long  sloi)e  to  the  church  on  Merribell  Hill. 
He  happened  to  know  the  way  to  the  bell-rope.  There  should 
be  no  more  sleep  for  the  countryside  that  night !  Puffing,  he 
turned  the  last  bend. 


"  Clang .'"  came  the  call  of  the  bell  in  the  spire.  There  werr 
other  folks  astir  on  the  Hill.  The  Happy  Eremite  ran  breath- 
lessly up  the  steep  incline,  into  the  church,  and  up  the  iuirr«»B 
stair.  The  son  of  the  parish  doctor  was  on  the  bell-rope. 

"  Pull !"  he  cried,  puffing.  "  I'm  pretending  that  the  Kaitter  i^ 
on  the  other  end !" 

They  pulled  together.  Suddenly,  "  Clang  r  sounded  the  liell 
in  the  tower  of  the  Academy  across  the  green,  and  ""  77«i/r- 
tanJde  "  sounded  a  dinner-bell  near  by. 

"  It's  Mame  Taylor,"  cried  the  doctor's  son.  "  Catt-h  liti^ 
missing  a  chance  to  make  a  racket !" 

The  Happy  Eremite  ran  down  the  elm-arched  street  betwet-u 
the  rows  of  dark  houses,  blowing  his  horn. 

"  Lights  up  I  L^hts  up  !  Pai-son,  get  out  of  bed !  Li^ht 
up,  Mrs.  Collins  I  Come  out  and  celebrate.  Brother  Jenkiu^ ! 
Lights  up !  The  war  Is  over  I  Lights  up !" 

A  window  flew  open.  Brother  Jenkins  leaned  out.  "(iu 
to  it !"  he  shouted.  "  I'm  coming  with  firewood !" 

The  Happy  Eremite  returned  to  the  church.  The  parson,  with 
his  pajamas  not  altm^ether  hidden  under  a  hastily  donned  cutt 
and  trousers,  was  puUing  the  bell-rope,  looking  not  at  all  mini- 
terial  but  very  happy.  The  Eremite  and  the  doctor's  son  tumbhi  i 
into  a  car  and  swept  up  the  road. 

«  Lights  up !" 

They  stopped  at  every  house  and  invaded  peaceful  slumWr* 
with  the  strident  blast  of  jubilant  horns.  From  the  muuitiiD' 
city,  eastward,  came  the  pandemonium  of  bells  and  whistlt^. 
louder  than  before.  Up  from  the  Sound,  southward,  canu:  the 
blast  of  the  siren  on  the  rubber  factory ;  faintly  from  the  wt>t 
came  the  opening  chorus  of  another  jubUee,  where  another  citv 
was  awaking  to  great  events. 

They  dashed  up  to  the  church  again.  Brother  Jenkins  was  <« 
the  green,  building  his  fire.  SaUy  Taylor,  stout,  white-haimL 
and  radiant,  was  coming  with  an  armful  of  kindlings. 

"  Poor  Mame  I"  she  ejaculated.  "  She  did  so  want  to  couvr 
out !  But  she  got  so  excited  she  just  got  the  shakes  and  had  t' 
go  back  to  bed." 

The  fire  blazed  up. 

"  More  wood  I"  cried  Brother  Jenkins. 

The  Happy  Eremite  snatched  his  megaphone.  "  Wake  \\\^ 
Merribell  Hill !  We — want — some — wood  I 

The  church  beU  clanged  and  the  Academy  bell  clanged,  xm'. 
on  porches  here  and  there  dinner-bells  tinkled,  and  far  off  tl' 
whistles  toot«d  clear  through  the  crisp  air ;  and  the  fire  blasts, 
up,  flinging  its  sparkling  cap  off  at  the  stars.  And,  mufHed  it 
voluminous  cloaks  that  hid  a  multitude  of  imperfections,  <nn' 
after  another  men  and  women  and  girls  and  boys  b^an  t" 
gather  about  the  fire  of  thanksgiving  on  the  green  at  Merrib«'li 
HilL  Even  Mame  Taylor  came,  rinsfing  her  dinner-bell. 

""I  couldn't  stay  away  with  all  this  goin'  on  I"  she  exclaim«^l 
vigorously.  "  We'll  hang  the  Kaiser  on  a  sour  apple  tre»'— 
what?" 

''Hands  round!"  cried  the  Happy  Eremite.  They  joint* 
hands  about  the  cracking  and  leaping  fire,  chanting  a  new  d«NWi 
to  an  old  time : 

"  We'll  hang  the  Kaiser  on  a  sour  apple  tre«, 
We'll  hang  the  Kaiser  on  a  soar  apple  tree. 
We'll  hang'the  Kaiser  on  a  soar  apple  tree,| 
As  we  go  inarching  on !" 

They  hanged  the  Crown  Prince  and  "  Hindy  "  and  von  Tir- 
pitz,  for  good  measure  ;  and  the  bell  in  the  church  spire  dangvti 
joyfully,  and  the  bell  in  the  Academy  clanged  joyfully,  anf  1  thf 
fire,  fed  with  cupfuls  of  kerosene,  sent  to  heaven  prodigious 
puffs  of  coal-black  smoke  that  carrie<l  the  yellow  sparks  roarin; 
off  into  the  paling  sky. 

And  slowly  over  the  distant  city  dawn  came ;  first  a  whit*-!!- 
ing  of  the  purple  horizon,  then  a  glow  like  a  veil  of  shimmeriu; 
dust  over  the  retreating  stars,  and  then  the  radiance  spivadiii^ 
northward  and  southward  and  upwai-d  into  the  robin's-eg;g  bliK 
of  the  sky. 

The  jubilant  ring  about  the  fire  dissolved ;  faces  tnrue<i  x>' 
the  east.  There  was  no  woi'd  spoken.  The  church  bell  clan;;<«! 
and  the  Academy  bell  clanged,  but  tlie  little  group  on  MerriU4i 
Hill  did  not  have  it  in  them  to  break  with  human  utterstnv 
into  the  slow  outspreading  of  Gml's  ra<1iant  symbolism. 

And  so  it  was  that  one  American  hamlet  greeted  the  oomiiu 
of  peace. 


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THE  BALKAN  QUESTION 

THE   ASPIRATIONS    OF   MONTENEGRO 

We  Iiave  recently  given  some  authoritative  expression  to  the  claims  and  desires  of  the  people  of  the  Balkan  Peninsula.  In  The  Outlook 
of  October  2  a  Romanian  Senator  discussed  the  Balkan  question  in  an  interview.  In  onr  issae  of  November  6  a  representative  of  Greece 
presented  the  Greek  aspect  of  the  reconstruction  of  the  Balkans.  In  the  following  article  will  be  found  some  official  opinion  from  Monte- 
negro.— The  Editobs. 

MONTEN£GRO  is  a  small  comitry,  a  mountain  country, 
a  poor  country,  and  yet  it  has  a  long  and  heroic  history 
of  five  centuries.  In  area  it  is  about  the  size  of  the  State 
of  Connecticut,  and  it  now  has  a  population  estimated  at  about 
lialf  a  million  people.  The  Montenegrins  are  Slavs  in  race  and 
ire  generally  Orthodox  Greek  in  religion.  In  the  Middle  Ages 
Montenegro  belonged  to  the  great  Serbian  Kingdom,  but  when 
diat  Kingdom  was  destroyed  by  the  Turks  Montenegro  estab- 
lished its  own  independence,  and  has  maintained  it,  often  agfainst 
i^eat  odds,  ever  since.  Mr.  Gladstone  once  said :  **  In  my 
lelil>erate  opinion,  the  traditions  of  Montenegro  [in  her  struggles 
tgainst  Islam  and.the  Turk]  exceed  in  ^lory  those  of  Marathon 
uul  Thermopylae  and  all  the  war  traditions  of  the  world." 

This  is  doubtless  to  some  extent  the  picturesime  rhetoric  of  a 
rreat  orator,  and  yet  it  is  true  in  sulmtance.  The  traditional 
leroism  of  the  Monten^prins  has  been  manifested  in  the  great 
Sui-opean  war.  Montenegro  entered  the  war  in  defense  of  Serbia, 
111(1  thus  became  oue  of  the  Allies.    She  was  beaten  by  Austria 


and  Bulgaria,  and  her  King,  Nicholas,  who  is  the  father  of  the 
Queen  of  Italy,  was  exiled  to  France.  For  the  first  time  in  our 
history  we  have  now  at  Washington  a  Minister  from  Monte- 
negro, General  A.  Gvosdenovitch,  who  was  appointed  by  the 
royal  Government  of  Montene|;ro,  which  now  has  its  seat  in 
France  near  Paris,  tlius  following  the  precedent  of  Belgium, 
which  established  its  seat  of  government  and  its  Court  at  Havre 
when  the  Germans  crushed  the  Belgians.  The  Montenegrins 
are  naturally  proud  of  the  fact  that  the  present  Kin^  and 
his  dynasty  were  chosen  by  the  Montenegnn  people  without 
any  pressure  from  the  Great  Powers  of  Europe.  In  this  respect 
they  claim  that  their  dynasty  is  unlike  that  of  King  Constan- 
tine  of  Greece,  or  of  Ferdinand  of  Bulgaria,  or  of  King  Charles 
of  Rumania,  who  were  imposed  upon  their  respective  peoples 
by  the  power  of  the  Hohenzollem. 

In  order  to  understand  clearly  the  aspirations  of  the  Monte- 
n^p^ns  and  their  hopes  of  wlmt  may  come  from  the  Peace 
Conference,  it  is  necessary  to  say  a  word  about  the  Jugoslavs, 


.TlTGOSLA^^A 
Tlie  territory  which  will  be  included  in  the  projwsed  Jngoslavic  Fe<leration 

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27  Novoika 


a  terra  which  has  become  suddenly  more  or  less  familiar 
to  Americans.  The  term  Jugoslavs  means  Southern  Slavs; 
that  is  to  say,  those  Slavs  who  live  in  southeastern  Europe  as 
distinguished  from  the  Slavs  of  Russia  or  the  Slavs  of 
Bohemia  and  Slovakia,  who  will  form  the  new  Czechoslovak 
Republic.  A  glance  at  the  accompanying  map  will  show  the 
present  geographical  and  political  divisions  of  thosepeople  who 
aspire  to  be  united  in  a  Jugoslavio  federation.  These  states 
or  provincies,  some  of  which  until  recently  were  oomjponent 
parts  and  under  the  yoke  of  the  Austro-Hun^rian  Empire,  are 
Serbia,  Montenegro,  Hsrz^ovina,  Bosnia,  Dalmatia,  Croatia, 
and  the  Slovenes.  The  settlement  of  the  Jugoslavic  question 
depends  upon  the  recognition  of  the  rights  of  the  states  or 
provinces  which  will  compose  Jugoslavia.  Each  one  of  these 
states  must  have  its  political  and  geographical  int^^ty  recog- 
nized, aiid  must  be  permitted  to  present  to  the  Peace  Confer- 
ence at  Versailles  its  own  claims  for  justice  and  recognition. 

Unfortunately,  under  the  auspices  of  a  group  in  Serbia,  who 
may  not  unjustly  be  called  Pan-Serbians,  there  was  held  in  the 
summer  of  1917  a  conference  on  the  island  of  Corfu,  at  which 
waspromulgated  what  has  since  been  known  as  the  Declaration 
of  Corfu.  It  was  supposed  to  contain  the  political  principles 
upon  which  the  new  Jugoslav  nation  should  be  erected.  It 
professed  to  realize  the  principles  of  liberty  and  popular  sov- 
ereignty, but  it  contained,  among  other  things,  the  following 
statements : 

This  state  [that  is,  the  new  Jogsolav  [nation]  shall  be  a  con- 
stitational  monarchy,  democratic  and  parliamentary,  having  at 
its  head  the  dynasty  Kara^eorgevitch,  which  has  always  shared 
the  national  sentiments  and  has  put  above  all  the  liber^  and  the 
will  of  ^e  people.  The  name  oi  this  state  shall  be  "  The  King- 
dom of  the  Serbs,  Groats,  and  Slovenes ;"  and  the  sovereign  sh^ 
bear  the  title  of  "  King  of  the  Serbs,  Croats,  and  Slovenes." 

Observe  that  there  is  no  mention  here  of  Montenegro,  and 
that  the  Declaration,  without  any  popular  referendum  or  vote, 
makes  the  Serbian  King  and  dynasty  rulers  of  Jugoslavia. 

It  is  currently  reported  in  this  country  that  there  is  a  group 
of  Serbians  who  are  carrying  on  a  propaganda,  backed  by  the 
Declaration  of  Corfu,  both  m  Europe  ana  the  United  States, 
in  favor  not  only  of  the  predominance  of  Serbia  in  a  Jugo- 
slavic federation,  but  of  an  actual  absorption  of  Monten^^ro. 

In  order  to  get  the  Montenegrin  point  of  view,  a  member  of 
the  staff  of  The  Outlook  recenUy  sought  an  interview  with  the 
new  Minister  of  Montenegro  in  this  feoimtry.  General  Grvosdeno- 
vitch.  The  Minister  is  an  accomplished  man,  of  wide  European 
experience,  who  b  a  great  admirer  of  the  political  and  demo- 
cratic principles  of  the  American  people.  He  believes  that  the 
Jugoslavic  imion  should  be  a  voluntary  one,  and  not  one  im- 
po^  by  any  one  of  the  component  states  or  by  outside  political 
rowers.  Minister  Gvosdenovitch  desires  to  have  the  Ameri- 
can people  understand  that  what  he  and  his  Government  ask  is 
that  the  people  of  Montenegro  shall  be  permitted  to  determine 
for  themselves  what  their  form  of  government  shall  be.  In 
order  to  do  this  they  insist  upon  the  manifestly  just  daim  that 
the  political  integri^  and  autonomous  power  of  Montenegro 
shaU  be  recognizm.  The  Montenegrins  ask  that  the  Peace  Con- 
ference at  Versailles  shall  frown  upon  any  attempt  on  the  part 


of  a  faction  (if  there  is  such  a  faction)  in  Serbia  to  absorb  Mod- 
ten^ro  by  force  or  by  any  kind  of  propaganda.  When  tbc 
jxtlitical  integrity  of  Monten^pro  is  established  and  the  expns. 
sion  of  her  rights  is  fully  guaranteed,  the  Montenegrin  peo|j( 
will  then  without  question  take  part  in  a  constituent  aasembly 
to  form  a  federation  of  the  Jugoslavic  states  on  some  sorii 
basis  as  is  outlined  in  the  accompanying  map.  As  to  the  effni 
of  the  Declaration  of  Corfu  upon  the  ^lontenegrin  people.  Min- 
ister Gvosdenovitch  said  this,  and  permits  us  to  quote  his  actnil 
words: 

"  The  Montenegrins  have  no  quarrel  with  Serbia.  On  ti» 
contrary,  they  have  many  things  in  common  widi  Serbia- 
language,  culture,  reli|fion.  They  wish  to  be  affiliated  iritii 
Serbia  but  their  objection  to  the  Pan-Serbian  movement  b  dot 
that  movement  insists  upon  the  terms  of  affiliation,  and  the 
Monten^pins  wish  to  determine  for  their  part  what  shall  lie 
the  terms  or  basis  of  affiliation.  This  is  the  whole  question  m> 
far  as  the  Montenegrins  are  concerned.  For  this  reason  I  regret 
very  much  the  Dedaration  of  Corfu,  because  that  Declaratioii 
instills  into  the  minds  of  Monten^rins  the  fear  that  Serbians 
trying  to  swallow  her  without  consulting  her.  As  a  matter  of 
fact,  the  Declaration  of  Corfu  was  the  greatest  cause  of  dis- 
union between  Montenegro  and  Serbia  instead  of  being  a  boml 
of  union,  as  those  who  made  it  professed  that  it  was." 

One  other  thing.  While  the  people  of  the  United  States  bave 
recognized  the  heroism  of  Montenegro  not  only  in  this  war 
but  m  past  European  conflicts  for  five  centuries,  she  and  bn 
sufferings  have  been  thus  far  overshadowed  by  the  larger  but 
not  more  dramatic  and  tragic  sufferings  of  Belgium,  Poland,  anl 
Serbia.  Montenegro,  when  her  political  rights  are  estabUsbei 
hopes  that  the  people  of  the  United  States  and  the  Govenunen: 
of  the  United  States  will  help  her,  not  merely  by  relief  fondv 
but  by  loans,  as  other  small  nations  of  eastern  Europe  hart- 
been  helped.  It  is  announced  that  even  Czechoslovakia,  whirb 
has  only  just  been  created,  while  Montenegro  has  existed  as  a 

etliticaJ  entity  for  five  centuries,  has  negotiated  a  loan  withtiK' 
nited  States.  The  Monten^rin  people  trust  that  the  Uniteil 
States  will  hold  out  to  them  the  same  kind  of  a  helping  hamL 
Montenegro,  like  the  other  Balkan  nations,  has  some  territorial 
claims  which  she  believes  are  just.  She  believes  that  Cattam 
and  the  ancient  city  of  Ri^;usa  should  belong  to  her,  which  no* 
appear  on  the  map  of  Dahnatia,  but  she  is  willmg  to  snbniit 
these  claims  to  the  Peace  Conference  at  Versailles,  proridel 
her  authority  to  send  del^^tes  to  that  Conference  is  recog- 
nized, as  we  think  it  should  be  recognized. 

The  sudden  collapse  of  Germany,  the  complete  abandomwut 
of  the  doctrine  of  Pan-Germanism,  and  the  acceptance  byall tir 
world  of  the  principle,  so  often  reiterated  by  President  Wilson, 
that  every  peace-loving  nation  must  determine  its  own  insbts- 
tions,  make  the  Decl^tion  of  Corfu  as  obsolete  as  the  Tnati 
of  Berlin.  It  would  be  a  n^^ation  of  all  that  the  United  State 
and  her  allies  have  held  to  most  persistently  and  in  the  he*  «> 
supreme  sacrifices  if  Montenegro,  little  in  stature  but  a  giant 
in  spirit,  should  be  denied  the  right  to  exist  as  an  autonoaxM^ 
state  under  her  own  name  and  title. 


ARMENIA:  GERMANY'S  GUILT 


TIE  Armenians  in  Turkey  are  intellectually  and  econom- 
ically superior  to  the  Turks.  Their  Christian  civilization 
far  antedates  the  Turkish  Mohammedan  regime.  The 
Turkish  GK)vemment  has  shown  its  hatred  of  them  by  previous 
massacres,  but  never  on  such  a  scale  as  in  1915. 

So  far  as  we  have  been  able  to  find  out,  the  only  excuse  since 
given  by  the  Turkish  Government  for  these  massacres  was  its 
alleged  discovery  of  a  conspiracy  among  the  Armenians — that 
they  had  collected  firearms  and  bombs  and  had  arranged,  with 
the  help  of  England  and  Russia,  for  a  widespread  slaughter  of  the 
Turks  as  soon  as  the  English  fleet  should  capture  the  Dardanelles ! 
'Surely  this  massacre  of  Armenians  is  not  happening  with 


German  connivance  I"  exclaimed  many,  especially  those  who  had 
known  about  the  work  of  German  missionaries  in  Asia  Minor. 


Disclaimers  from  Germany  appeared  and  were  believed  b;  ^ 
credulous.   They  were  not  worthy  of  this  credence,  howevw. 

This  is  evident  in  two  recenUy  published  books.'  One  b  a 
diplomat's  journal,  the  other  a  war  correspondent's  ii»- 
pressions. 

As  a  member  of  our  Embassy  at  Constantinople,  Mr.  Einster 
spent  the  years  from  1906  to  1909  there ;  also  the  months  from 
April  to  September,  1915.  These  months  marked  the  prnoJ 
of  the  Armenian  massacres  and   the  period   when   Gamanf 

'  Inside  Constantinople.  A  Diplomat 'b  I^ry  durii^  the  IWdaoeUes  Eqn^^ 
April-September,  1915.  By  Lewis  Kinetein.  E.  P.  Uattoo  &  Co.,  Ne»  »«» 

Two  War  Yean  in  Constantinople.  Sketches  of  Germaa  and  Yoaate  TnoT' 
Ethics  and  Politics.  By  Dr.  Hairy  Stnemier.  Translated  by  E.  AUaa.  >■ 
George  H.  Doran  Company,  New  York.    •'S1..50. 


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gradually  assumed  such  charge  of  Turkish  goyemmeutal  depart- 
ment! as  to  call  forth  the  comment,  "  Deutschland  iiber  Ailah." 

Dr.  Stuermer,  a  Badeuer,  uaturally  never  looked  with  Pnu- 
eian  eyes  upon  the  war.  For  half  a  year  he  was  with  the  army, 
and  then,  mvalided,  went  to  Constantinople  as  correspondent 
of  the  "Kolnische  Zeitung."  Now,  from  the  safe  shelter  of 
Switzerland,  he  has  published  the  present  volunie  to  show,  we  are 
glad  to  learn,  **  that  there  are  still  Germans  who  find  it  impos- 
sible to  condone  even  tacitly  the  moral  transgression  and  politi- 
oal  stupidity  of  their  own  (jrovemment." 

jBoth' writers  were  indignant  at  what  they  saw  of  German 
caQbusiieas;  'Writing  in  1916,  Mr.  Einstein  says  tiiat  "  in  most 
instances  the  German  consiils  have  refused  tiieir  assistance  in 
mitigatiug  the  persecution  of  Armenians.  They  themselves  have 
l)een  willing  enough,  but  had  received  instructions  not  to  inter- 
fere in  this  from  their  Embassy^  .  .  .  The  German  Embassy  is 
ready  enough  to  make  pt^r  declarations  for  purpose  of  record, 
but  with  no  idea  of  their  utility."  When  the  Armenian  Patriarch 
appeared  at  the  Embassy  with  his  suite,  adds  Dr.  Stuermer, 
^  after  some  particularly  frightful  sufferings  of  the  Armenian 

E>pulation,  and  begged  with  tears  in  his  eyes  for  help  from  the 
mlnssy,  however  hite,  I  never  saw  any  concern  for  the  fate 
of  the  Armenian  people." 

If  in  later  years  German  officialdom  should  seek  to  disclaim 
responsibility,  the  broad  fact  remains,  as  Mr.  Einstein  asserts, 
that  the  Germans  had  military  direction  at  Constantinople,  and 
he  wrote  at  the  time :  "  The  Germans,  to  their  eternal  disgrace, 
will  not  lift  a  finger  to  save  the  Armenians."  This  condemna- 
tion was  natural  from  an  American.  But  the  same  judgment 
from  a  German  is  more  impressive.  It  turned  Dr.  Stuermer 
from  an  espousal  of  his  country's  cause  into  a  denial  of  it. 
^^liat  he  had  to  witness  for  more  than  a  year  every  time  he  set 
(uot  out  of  doors  reached  a  climax  one  day.    He  writes : 

My  wife  came  back  to  the  house  trembling  all  over.  .  .  .  She 
liad  heard  .  .  .  the  aeonizing  groans  of  a  tortured  being,  a  doll 
wailing  like  the  souixl  of  an  animal  being  tormented  to  death. 


"  An  Armenian,"  she  was  informed  by  the  people  standing  at 
the  door.  .  .  . 

"  If  such  scenes  occur  in  broad  daylk[ht  in  the  busiest  part  of 
the  European  town  of  Pera  [a  part  of  Constantinople],  I  should 
like  to  know  what  is  done  to  Armenians  in  the  uncivilized  in- 
terior," my  wife  asked  me.  ..."  You  are  brutes,  you  Germans, 
miserable  brutes,  that  you  tolerate  this  from  the  Turks  when 
you  still  have  tlie  country  absolutely  in  ^our  hands.  Tou  are 
Cowardly  brutes,  and  I  will  never  set  toot  m  your  horrible  coun- 
try again.  God,  how  I  hate  Germany !" 

It  was  then,  when  my  own  wife,  trembling  and  sobbing,  in 
g^ef ,  rage,  and  disgust  at  such  cowardliness,  flung  this  denuncia- 
tion of  my  connti^r  in  my  teeth,  that  I  finally  and  absolutely 
broke  with  Germany. 

In  long  confidential  reports  to  his  paper  the  correspondent ' 
made  clear  to  it  the  whole  position  with  r^ard  to  Armenian 
persecutions,  and  he  tells  us  that  "the  Foreign  Offioe  too  took 
notice  of  these  reports.  But  I  saw  no  trace  of  the  fruits  of  this 
knowledge  in  the  attitude  of  my  paper."  He  adds : 

The  case  is  well  known  and  has  been  absolutely  verified  of  the 
scandalous  conduct  of  two  German  officers  passing  through  a 
village  in  far  Asia  Minor,  where  the  Armenians  had  taken 
refuge.  .  .  .  The  order  had  been  given  that  guns  were  to  be 
turned  on  them,  but  not  a  single  Turk  liad  the  courage  to  carry 
out  this  order  and  fire  on  women  and  children.  Without  any 
authority  whatsoever,  tlie  two  German  officers  then  turned  to 
and  g&ve  an  exhibition  of  their  shooting  capacities ! 

But  the  crowning  proof  of  German  compliance  with  Arme- 
nian extinction  was  found  in  the  demand  on  Russia  by 
Germany,  namely,  to  hand  over  the  Caucasus  to  the  Turks. 
This  region  includes  Russian  Armenia,  with  its  population  of 
1,200,000  Armenians.  The  Turks  counted  upon  uie  millions 
of  their  coreligionists  in  the  Caucasus  to  help  them  to  a  new 
Armenian  massacre,  if  the  Turks  thought  it  desirable. 

The  German  mash  is  dropped.  We  see  the  bideousness  of 
calculated  brutality.  Perhaps  one  result  will  be  to  turn  other 
Germans  from  their  former  loyalty. 


FREEDOM   OF  THE  SEAS' 

THE    DISCUSSION    AT    THE    HAGUE    CONFERENCE 


rX  1907  a  member  of  the  editorial  staff  of  The  Outiook 
I  attended  the  Second  Hague  Conference.  One  of  the  sub- 
1.  jects  discussed  at  that  Conference  was  the  freedom  of  the 
«as,  although  the  term  itself  had  not  then  come  into  as  general 
ise  as  it  now  has.  The  subject  was  officially  entitied  at  the  C<m- 
erene«  "  The  Protection  of  Private  Property  at  Sea  in  Time 
if  War."  At  that  Conference  the  representative  of  The  Outiook 
lad  a  conversation  with  the  Rt.  Hon.  Sir  Edward  Fry,  Lord 
lustioe  of  Ajppeals  and  head  of  the  British  del^ation  to  The 
fagne.  Sir  Edward,  a  member  of  the  Hague  Court  of  Arbi- 
ration,  had  already  been  Arbitrator  in  the  famous  Pious 
Minds  Case  between  the  United  States  and  Mexico  (1902),  and 
ras  later  to  be  arbitrator  in  the  Casablanca  case  between 
''ranee  and  Germany  (1909).  In  the  light  of  the  present  dis- 
nssion  of  this  momentous  subject,  that  conversation  has  special 
nterest. 

The  American  traditional  idea  had  been  that,  in  time  of  war, 
irivate  property  should  be  protected  at  sea  as  it  is  on  land. 

Accordingly,  in  1899,  John  Hay,  Secretary  of  State,  in- 
trticted  the  delegates  to  the  First  Hague  Conference  as  fol- 
JW8 :  **  As  the  United  States  has  for  many  years  advocated 
lie  exemption  of  all  private  property,  not  contraband  of  war, 
rem  hostile  treatment,  you  are  authorized  to  propose  to  the 
'onferenoe  the  principle  of  extending  to  strictiy  private  prop- 
rty  at  sea  the  immunity  from  destruction  or  capture  by  bellig- 
rent  Powers  which  each  property  already  enjoys  on  land  as 
orthy  of  being  incorporated  m  the  permanent  law  of  civilized 
aUona." 

EHhn  Root,  Secretary  of  State,  instructed  the  delegates  to 
le  Second  Conference  in  like  spirit  as  follows :  "  It  will  be 
l>propriate  for  you  to  advocate  the  proposition  formulated  and 
r«Heuted  by  the  American  del^;ates  to  the  First  Conference 

'  *«*-v  no  Mtitorial  on  thui  mhjact  on  another  pug*. 


as  follows :  '  The  private  property  of  all  citizens  or  subjects  of 
the  signatory  Powers,  with  the  exception  of  contraband  of 
war,  shall  be  exempt  from  capture  or  seizure  on  the  high  seas, 
or  dsewhere,  by  the  armed  vessels  or  by  the  military  forces  of 
any  of  the  said  signatory  Powers.  But  notiiing  herein  containeil 
shall  extend  exemption  from  seizure  to  vessels  and  their  cargoes 
which  may  attempt  to  enter  a  port  blockaded  by  the  naval 
forces  of  any  of  the  said  Powers.'  " 

When  the  subject  came  up  for  discussion,  it  was  easy  to  see 
that  the  principal  opponent  would  be  Great  Britain.  Accord- 
ingly, The  Outiook's  representative  obtained  an  interview  with 
Sir  Edward  Fry,  so  as  to  learn  authoritatively  of  the  British 
position.  Sir  Edward  said  to  him : 

^'You  must  remember  that  our  position  is  different  from 
yours.  England  is  mistress  of  the  seas.  In  many  wars  she  has 
been  a  belligerent.  You,  on  the  other  hand,  have  generally  been 
a  neutraL  It  is  natural  for  you  to  look  at  this  matter  from  the 
standpoint  of  a  neutral  and  for  us  to  look  at  it  from  the  stand- 
point of  a  belligerent,  But  some  day  you  may  be  mistress  of  the 
seas  yourself ;  who  knows  ?  History  may  show  you  to  have  been 
less  a  neutral  in  wars  and  more  a  belligerent.  Then  yon  will  be 
more  apt  to  look  at  it  from  our  standpoint 

'^  You  sav,  as  a  neutral,  that  free  ships  should  make  free 
goods  and  that  all  private  property  at  sea  which  is  not  contra- 
band should  be  protected  from  destruction.  We,  on  the  con- 
trary, although  looking  at  the  question  from  the  standpoint  of 
a  belligerent,  also  look  at  it  from  two  other  standpoints : 

**  (1)  The  position  of  an  island  absolutely  dependent  on  you 
and  otiier  Powers  for  food  ;  and  , 

"  (2)  The  position  of  an  Empire  which,  through  mastery  of 
the  seas,  has  spread  civilization  everywhere. 

"  As  to  the  first,  you  can  easily  see  that  our  very  existence 
is  at  stake.    As  to  the  second,  history  has  shown  and  will  show 


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that  our  undisputed  sea  power  haa  not  been  used,  in  the  ulti- 
mate analysis,  selfishly,  but  for  the  good  of  mankind.  That 
these  views  are  also  the  views  of  other  sea  Powers,  with  the 
exception  of  Germany,  is  evident  from  the  attitude  of  the  dele- 
gates from  France,  Russia,  and  Japan,  who,  from  their  experi- 
ence in  naval  wars,  sympathize  with  our  views  concerning  the 
rights  and  duties  of  belligerents." 

And  all  this  from  a  Quaker !  The  Outlook's  representative 
ventured  to  suggest  that,  by  reason  of  her  supreme  naval  posi- 
tion, twice  as  strong  as  that  of  any  other  two  maritime  Powers, 
£ngland  has  nothing  to  fear  when  she  is  a  combatant.  When 
she  is  a  neutral,  she  ought  greatly  to  profit  if  the  principle  of  the 
immunity  of  private  property  at  sea  were  established,  because 
the  amount  of  her  food  supply  carried  in  foreign  ships  is  com- 
paratively small. 

Again,  added  to  this  fact  is  the  other  fact  that  England  has 
by  far  the  greatest  amoimt  of  tonnage  in  fast  merchant  vessels. 

Sir  Edward  admitted  that  British  ships  carry,  and  will  carry, 
by  far  the  greater  part  of  England's  supply,  but,  he  asserted, 
its  very  am^tude  must  depend  upon  the  British  navy's  ability 
to  keep  tihe  trade  routes  open. 

This  seemed  to  be  the  prevailing  opinion  among  all  the 
British  delegates,  certainly  an  opinion  very  difficult  to  contro- 
vert. It  impressed  The  Outlook's  representative  with  a  con- 
viction that,  however  right  we  may  be  from  the  neutral's  stand- 
point. Great  Britain  was  equally  right  from  the  belligerent's. 

The  result  proved  as  Sir  Edward  prophesied.  When  the 
question  came  to  the  final  issue  in  the  Conference,  the  American 
position  was  upheld  by  twenty-one  votes.  It  was  opposed  by 
eleven  votes.  And  twelve  Powers  did  not  vote.  As  was  expected, 
England,  France,  Russia,  and  Japan  voted  "  No."  Germany 
voted  on  our  side,  but  only  on  condition  that  as  to  the  problems 
of  blockade  and  contraband  there  should  be  a  preliminary  agree- 
ment. 


Of  course  if  contraband  shoiUd  be  extended  to  cover  a  widn 
range,  and  if  the  principle  of  blockade  should  also  be  siinijadi 
extended,  there  might  seem  some  hope  of  getting  En?biid 
and  the  rest  into  closer  harmouy  with  our  own  p<«tioiL 
There  was,  indeed,  no  question.  The  Outlook's  representative 
found,  in  the  minds  of  our  delegates,  or  of  the  Britisli,  dat 
there  should  be  but  one  poli^  pursued  by  all  nations.  IV 
question  remains  as  before :  Which  policy  ?  The  policy  whirfi 
protects  the  belligerent  or  the  policy  which  protects  the  nni- 
tral? 

EiSpeciaUy,  as  the  C<mference  was  establishing  in  principle  an 
International  Prize  Court,  it  was  hoped  that  the  nations  nish 
come  together  in  the  preparations  therefor.  These  prepantioDii 
must  define  for  them  the  principles  and  working  ndea  of  interns- 
tional  law  on  which  tlwy  could  agree  on  such  subjects  as  block- 
ade, continuous  voyage^  convoy,  seizure  of  eontralwuid,  visit  »ikI 
search,  etc.  Accordingly,  delegates  from  the  ten  chief  maritiiDf 
Powers  met  in  London  (1909)  and  adopted  a  set  of  mle«  fnr 
the  guidance  of  the  International  Prize  Court.  Of  course  thrfr 
rules,  called  the  Declaration  of  London,  coidd  not  lie  proeliumtHl 
as  law  until  ratified  by  the  Powers.  Our  Senate  adviscvl  »m 
consented  to  their  ratification.  But  without  ratification  by  tlir 
mistress  of  the  seas  the  Declaration  would  l)e<>ome  an  empt\ 
formula.  The  British  House  of  Commons  passed  the  ratifying 
bill ;  the  British  House  of  Lords  rejected  it. 

And  so  the  matter  stands.  As  Mr.  Root,  in  his  presidential 
address  at  tlie  meeting  of  the  American  Society  of  Inteniatiau! 
Law  (1912),  said  :  "  'fius  is  unfortunate,  not  merely  becaiwtif 
rules  of  law  contained  in  the  Declaration  are  wise  and  jui«t  aoil 
woidd  be  beneficial  to  the  world,  but  because  the  most  promL-dii: 
forward  movement  toward  the  peaceable  settlement  of  intent 
tional  disputes  is  frustrated  by  the  kind  of  treatment  which,  it 
persisted  in,  must  apparently  prevent  all  forward  movemeut  a 
the  same  line." 


THE  COMING  BRITISH  GENERAL  ELECTION 


BY   FRANK   DILNOT 


CORRESPONDENT    IN    AMERICA    OF   THE    "DAILY    CHRONICLE"   OF    LONDON 


A  GENERAL  election  is  expected  in  England  early  in 
December  [since  this  was  written  December  14  has  been 
named  as  the  date — The  Editors],  and  it  looks  as  if  it 
will  come  in  the  midst'  of  the  remaking  6t  the  world  following 
the  victory  of  the  Allies.  The  election  means  a  further  step  in 
that  peaceful  revolution  in  England  which  has  been  going  on 
during  the  war. 

The  election  will  be  historic — unequaled  in  potency  and  impor- 
tance since  the  passing  of  the  Reform  Act  ninety  years  ago. 
What  the  various  decisions  of  the  country  will  be  with  regard 
to  personnel  and  policies  when  the  war  tension  is  eliminated  is 
in  the  nature  of  a  great  riddle.  The  issues  are  such  as  have 
never  before  been  encountered  in  British  politics,  and  the  fac- 
tors which  go  towards  a  decision  are  some  of  them  quite  new 
and  may  likely  enough  be  overwhelming. 

By  the  time  the  election  comes,  victory  and  peace  will  probar 
biy  be  assured ;  and  thus  there  will  be  little  or  no  scope  for 
what  may  be  called  war  enthusiasm  on  the  one  hand  or  sec- 
tional pacifist  outcries  on  the  other.  It  is  the  new  world  which 
the  i)eople  will  have  to  look  forward  to,  a  new  world  of  which 
they  will  occupy  a  part  and  which  will  be  mutually  inter- 
dependent in  many  new  directions.  Possessing  a  pretty  thorough 
knowledge  of  the  English  pi-oletariat,  I  can  safely  prophesy 
that,  whatever  the  outcome,  there  will  be  a  great  wave  of  pro- 
American  enthusiasm  and  of  a  desire  for  co-operation  in  every 
practical  direction.  There  will,  moreover,  be  manifested  a  deep, 
sincere,  and  fresh  feeling  for  American  idealism  arising  from 
America's  entry  into  the  war  and  the  tremendous  part  she  has 
played  in  it.  Here  are  some  of  the  principal  topics  which  will  be 
l>efore  the  minds  of  leaders  and  electorate  alike : 

1.  Details  of  the  peace  conference  between  the  Allies  in 
relation  to  the  safety  of  British  lands  and  peoples,  the  pro- 
tecti<m  of  British  commerce  and  sea-carrying  trade,  and  the 


extent  to  which  in  these  directions  to-ordination  with  Amerio 
is  possible. 

2.  Questions  as  to  the  transformation  of  the  counti-y  frwii  a 
war  basis  to  a  peace  basis,  including  the  readjustment  aiiii  t^ 
construction  ot  six  or  seven  thousand  factories,  some  of  tbm 
cities  in  themselves,  and  the  utilization  of  the  enormoiu  u>'« 
Government  arsenals  and  establishments  which  have  Wa 
brought  into  being  during  the  war. 

3.  What  is  to  be  done  in  demobilization  in  regard  to  tlr 
millions  of  soldiers  who  will  be  seeking  employment  tun\  tlw 
hundreds  of  thousands  who  ate  injured,  with  all  the  questiw^ 
of  grants  of  land  at  home  and  assistance  for  emigration  to  ti>- 
dominions  overseas  ? 

4.  The  question  as  to  conscription — whether  it  is  to  be  «* 
tinued^a  question  of  course  dependent  largely  on  the  Alli<-' 
arrangement  with  regard  to  a  L^igue  of  Nations. 

6.  In  what  shape  the  finances  of  the  country  are  to  lie  syvtHih 
atized  to  meet  the  enormous  burden  imposed  by  the  «ar. 
whether  huge  taxes  shall  be  continued,  whether  there  shall  !»■ 
any  assessments  on  capital  and  to  what  extent  posterity  shaQ  I* 
called  upon  to  bear  the  burden. 

6.  What  is  to  be  dqne  about  Lreland,  it  being  regarded  tfarp' 
as  certain  that  the  Sinn  Feiners  will  capture  the  majoritt  <^ 
seats  held  b^the  Nationalists  ? 

These  are  some  of  the  main  points  which  must  come  np  for  ii- 
cussiou  and  tentative  decision,  and  at  once  there  sprmgs  to  li^<' 
the  fact  that  it  is  a  new  Britain  and  not  the  old  Britain  whi' !' 
will  have  to  make  its  choice  both  in  objects  and  in  methodic- 

Before  the  war  the  country  was  more  or  less  equally  tlivjJf 
between  the  Liberals  on  the  one  hand  and  the  Conservativw  " 
the  other,  with  the  Labor  party,  although  nominally  indeiiH*' 
ent,  a  strong  support  in  practical  affairs  to  the  left  wing  of  ti 
Liberals.   There  were  a  gi-oup  of  clever  extremists  (the  Im*- 


Digitized  by  VJ^^^^V  IV^ 


1918 


THE  OUTLOOK 


493 


IH-iwIent  Socialists)  belonging  to  the  Labor  movement  who 
ttivimously  strove  for  complete  detachment  from  either  of  the 
ratablished  }>artie8,  although,  as  a  matter  of  fact,  when  it  came 
U>  voting  they  were  gener^y  in  the  Liberal  lobby.  None  of  the 
LalMir  men  as  such  were  in  the  Liberal  Ministry.  ■  With  the 
;-oniiug  of  the  war,  Labor  was  taken  into  the  Cabinet ;  and  with 
the  deepening  intensity  of  the  struggle  more  and  more  of  the 
Labor  leaders  were  given  a  share  m  tlie  Groiveniment  of  the 
i-oimtry.  Trade-imion  leaders  like  Mr.  John  Hodge,  Mr.  Clynes, 
Mr.  (ieorge  Koberts,  Mr;  Wardle,  Mr.  Braoe,  and  others 
ire  now  an  integral  part  of  the  Government,  and  the  high  ca- 
pacity they  have  demonstrated  makes  it  inconceivable  that  they 
and  Uie  class  they  represent  can  ever  again  be  without  respon- 
sibility in  directing  national  affairs.  Coincident  with  the  influ- 
ince  of  Lalx>r  leaders  in  the  Government  there  has  been  an 
tnormous  development  of  Labor  organization  in  the  country', 
md  preparations  have  been  steadily  going  on  to  place  in  the 
Beld,  when  the  election  comes,  hundreds  instead  of  scores  of 
Labor  candidates  as  distinct  from  Liberal  and  Conservative 
Bandidates.  There  are  about  forty  Labor  members  in  the  House 
of  Commons  at  present.  It  is  proposed  that  something  like  three 
bundred  of  the  six  hundred  and  seventy  seats  in  the  British 
House  of  Commons  shall  be  contested  by  the  Labor  men.  It  is 
lot  too  much  to  assume  tliat  at  least  a  hundred  of  them  may 
be  elected,  and  it  requires  but  little  imagination  to  see  the  effect 
)f  a  solid  block  of  one  hundred  whose  main  objects  will  be  the 
tocial  uplift  of  their  class,  possibly  at  the  expense  to  some  extent 
>f  the  privileged  classes. 

Then  there  is  another  addition  hitherto  unknown  in  British 
politics.  The  women  have  got  the  vote.  The  women  voters  will 
number  from  one-third  to  one-half  of  the  total  electorate.  What 
is  going  to  be  their  influence  in  the  decision  of  the  country  on 
the  vanons  matters  of  Supreme  importance  which  will  be  before 
lis  immediately  ?  They  will  of  course  divide  themselves  in  sup- 
port of  the  groups  of  (pinion  in  being,  but  no  mortal  man  can 
Ay  to  which  of  the  groups  they  will  swing  in  preponderating 
lumbers.  The  Labor  party,  for  instance,  is  confident  that  it 
will  secure  by  far  the  larger  proportion  of  women's  votes.  They 
irill  certainly  get  a  good  number  of  them.  On  the  other  hand, 
there  will  very  likely  ai-ise  propositions  and  policies  in  which 
vomen's  emotions  will  incline  in  certain  directions  quite  irre- 
ipective  of  party  lines.  And  they  may  thus  very  well  be  able  to 
iwing  the  election  one  way  or  another.  The  riddle  of  the 
somen's  votes  will  remain  a  riddle  mitil  the  polls  are  declared. 
Fhere  are  other  tendencies  which  must  be  reckoned  with  apart 
"rom  the  influence  of  the  Labor  vote  and  the  women's  vote ; 
inch,  for  instance,  as  the  vote  of  the  soldiers.  They  are  men 
iritli  a  new  outlook  on  life,  with  new  emotions  and  new  visions, 
rhey  have  been  taken  from  the  farm,  the  factory,  the  store,  and 
he  office.  And  the  vast  majority  of  them  were  placid  and  tena- 
iious  men  with  a  somewhat  narrow  outlook  on  life,  often  enough 
»n tented  to  accept  the  lead  of  family  tradition  or  of  personal 
tssociation  in  tKeir  political  opinions.  They  are  now  men  who 
uve  been  up  {^hist  the  realities  of  life  and  death,  who  have 
)een  called  for  decisions  of  tremendous  importance  on  their 
>wn  initiative,  and  who  are  little  likely  to  be  guided  by  fetishes 
ir  catchwords  or  did  predispositions.  Great  numbers  of  them 
■ertainly  will  never  wish  to  go  back  to  drab,  restricted  exist- 
tnoes  with  no  outlook  beyond  a  bare  sufKciency  of  wages  to 
upport  themselves  and  their  families.  Others  of  them,  number- 
ng  nnndreds  of  thousands,  v/ho  have  been  taken  from.sedentary 
K^cnpations,  will  feel  reluctance  after  their  open-air,  adven- 
nrons  life  to  return  to  the  desk,  the  shop  counter,  or  the  fao- 
ory.  What  impulses  will  there  be  stirring  among  them?  Will 
hey,  for  example,  demand  new  systems  in  Britain  for  occnpa- 
ion  of  the  land,  or  will  they  wish  for  openings  in  the  dominions 
tveraeflB  where  physical  energy  and  new  h^th  %ill  open  up 
(pnortimities  previously  untbought  of  ? 

It  haa  to  be  remembered,  too,  tliat  much  of  the  bitterness  and 
>rejudice  between  the  privileged  and  aristocratic  classes,  on  the 
tne  side,  and  the  workers,  on  the  other,  has  been  obliterateil  by 
he  war.  There  has  sprung  up  a  comradeship  iu  the  face  of 
tard^hip  and  of  death  which  must  leave  a  lasting  mark.  Many 
if  thf  great  estates  are  being  utilize<l  for  war  purposes.  The 
irist<n'rats  have  given  their  hves  with  the  avid  gallantry  which 
an  lieen  a  treasured  tradition  among  themselves  but  not  believed 


in  by  great  masses  of  the  working  class  of  recent  years.  No  less 
dramatic  have  been  the  willing  «levotion  and  heroic  sacrifices  of 
the  working  classes  themselves.  Be  ifremembei-ed,  too,  that  the 
poor  man  who  has  gone  forth  with  the  risk  of  mutilation  and 
death  has  had  always  at  the  back  of  his  mind  the  physical 
suffering  which  must  come  on  his  family,  despite  Government 
provision,  if  he  disappears  from  the  ranks. 

The  war,  moreover,  has  shown  a  conservative  people  like  the 
British  that  ability  and  genius  an  well  as  bravery  are  not  confined 
to  one  class  or  to  one  section.  Officers  have  spiiing  to  distinction 
from  among  the  young  civilians  whose  life  and  ouuook  have  been 
essentially  one  of  peace.  What  is  more,  the  war  has  necessitated 
recognition  of  ability  irrespective  of  class.  It  was  only  the  other 
day  that  we  saw  in  the  papers  the  statement  that  a  working  miner 
from  Wales,  who  at  the  beginning  of  the  war  Iiad  enlisted  as  a 
private,  had  reached  the  rank  of  general.  Tliat  is  a  very  won- 
derful thing  among  a  race  like  the  British,  but  it  is  symptomatic 
of  the  new  order  of  affairs. 

It  is  obvious,  therefore,  that  there  may  easily  be  new  groups 
and  new  parties  with  new  impulses  and  new  ideals  when  the 
people  select  a  fresh  House  of  Commons.  One  thing  is  certain — 
that  the  old  order  of  conducting  the  national  Government  will 
be  revolutionized ;  it  has,  indeed,  already  been  revolutionize*! 
by  the  war.  New  l^ders  will  probably  come  to  the  fore  with 
new  ideas.  The  old  leaders  will  have  to  adjust  themselves  or 
will  assuredly  be  placed  on  the  shelf. 

There  is  another  aspect  which  cannot  be  overlooked,  and 
that  is  with  regard  to  the  personnel  of  leadership.  The  war  has 
bronght  together  in  dose  association  old  political  enemies  and 
has  parted  many  old  political  friends.  Mr.  Lloyd  Geoi-ge  is 
now  working  hand  in  glove  with  vehement  political  enemies  of 
the  past,  as,  for  instance,  Mr.  Balfour,  Mr.  Bonar  Law,  and  Lord 
Milner.  They  have  found  a  common  bond  in  their  patriotism. 
They  have  adjusted  their  differences  to  work  for  a  common  end. 
Will  they  continue  to  work  together  when  jieace  comes  ?  There 
is  nothing  like  propinquity  to  intensify  friendship.  Will  Mr. 
Lloyd  George,  the.  foremost  radical  leader  of  his  time,  form  a 
new  party  with  these  aristocrats  and  Conservatives,  a  party 
which  will  hold  aloft  as  its  banner  the  advantages  instead  of 
the  privileges  of  culture  and  refinement,  and  inscribe  on  that 
banner  something  which  makes  for  Socialism  ?  One  has  to  bear 
in  mind  that  this  collection  of  men  of  whom  I  am  speaking 
have  during  the  war  nm  England  very  lai'a;ely  on  a  socialized 
basis.  The  railways  are  in  the  hands  of  the  uoveminent,  so  are 
the  coal  mines,  so  are  the  manufactories,  so  is  the  shipping, 
and  the  drink  traffic  also  to  a  large  extent,  at  least  so  far  as 
stringent  regulation  goes.  If  the  cohesion  of  this  group  con- 
tinues, how  ia,v  will  the  Labor  party  support  them,  and  will  it 
not  see  dangers  rather  than  advantages  m  the  new  presets? 
That  is  one  bie  question.  Tlien  there  is  the  traditional  Liberal 
party,  led  by  Mr.  Asquith,  and  still  possessing  full  control  of 
Liberal  organization  throughout  the  country.  It  is  a  sober 
liberalism  which  they  represent — the  middle  path,  so  to  speak, 
between  privilege  on  the  one  hand  and  idealism  on  the  other, 
carrying  as  its  impulse  a  stem  determination  to  make  for  steady 
progress,  a  progress  which  in  English  history  has  always  been 
the  more  potent  by  reason  of  its  spirit  of  compromise  on 
methods. 

So  far  as  one  can  see  at  tiie  present  moment,  the  political 
camps  will  thus  be  three :  the  Lloyd  George  gathenng,  the 
Liberalgroup,  and  the  Labor  party  Which  is  to  be  pi-etlomi- 
nant  ?  Tliat  apparentiy  is  the  question,  and  it  i*an  be  solved  only, 
first  of  all,  by  the  character  of  the  issues  which  are  to  be  evolvecl 
by  the  peace  years  to  come,  and,  secondly,  by  the  mobilization  of 
the  people  tried  under  the  furnace  of  war  with  their  eyes  on 
new  vistas. 

Although  no  informatitm  has  yet  reached  this  side,  it  seems 
to  me  piobable  that  Mr.  Lloyd  George  will  go  to  the  twuntry 
with  a  big  programme  of  reconstruction.  lie  will .  make  his 
appeal  with  the  glamour  of  a  Prime  Minister  who  has  led  the 
nation  to  victory,  and  his  electoral  triumph  can  hartlly  lie 
doubted.  Equally  certain  is  it  that  the  proceedings  of  the  new 
Parliament  will  have  a  variety  and  intensity  unknown  in  n^nl- 
eni  times.  It  may  well  be  that  tlie  work  of  tlie  new  ParliaiiiMit 
coincident  with  that  of  the  (loverninent  of  America  will  i>p?^ 
up  a  fresh  phase  of  history  for  the  English-siieakiiig  pwiplcs. 


Digitized  by  y<JKJKJ\n.C 


HYMN  OF  FREE  PEOPLES  TRIUMPHANT 


(THANKSGIVING,   1918) 
BY   HERMANN   HAGEDORN 


OUT  of  the  depths  of  defeat  Thou  hast  raised  us,  O  God ! 
Our  enemies  came  upon  us,  like  thieves  they  came, 
Like  waters  that  burst  the  sluice,  like  a  down-atorming 
flood. 
Like  fire  on  the  hills,  flatmting  to  heaven  the  flame ; 
Out  of  the  north  like  the  invincible  sea 

Poimding  with  breaker  on  pitiless  breaker  the  shore ; 
Out  of  the  night  like  a  ravisher  stealthily 

Tiptoeing  up  the  stair  to  an  unlocked  door — 
They  crept,  they  came,  they  poured,  they  thundered,  they  beat.  , 

W  e  fell  before  them,  like  mowed  grass  we  went  down. 
They  smote  us,  they  slew  us,  they  trampled  uaimder  their  feet ; 
They  stretched  out  their  greedy  hands ;  to  the  coveted  crown 
They  stretched  out  their  terrible  arms,  bristling  and  vast. 
And  Thou  wert  with  us.   They  stormed.    And  we  stood  fast. 

Out  of  the  arms  of  the  grave  Thou  hast  drawn  us,  O  Lonl  I 

We  cried :  "  We  will  strike  him  here  where  his  heart  lies  bare. 
He  called  for  the  sword,  now  shall  he  die  by  the  sword ! 

Dreamer  of  dreams  forbidden,  we  come,  beware  I" 
We  came,  we  struck,  we  harried,  we  plunged  on. 

But  the  monster  opened  his  arms,  he  opened  them  wide, 
And  in  bogs  and  glades  by  craft  were  we  undone, 

And  he  drew  us  close  in  his  terrible  arms,  and  we  died. 
And  he  smote  us  again  ;  in  the  lowlands,  seeking  the  sea. 

By  the  dunes  and  the  dikes  he  charged  with  his  intrepid  hosts. 
And  we  called  the  eternal  ocean  to  fight  for  the  free. 

We  called  our  brother,  the  sea,  to  strike  for  his  coasts. 
And  the  deep  sea  covered  the  fields  as  men  cover  the  dead. 

And  the  foe  came  on  through  the  waters  and  floundei-ed  and 
feU; 
And  again  he  came  on,  singing,  with  lifted  head, 

And  sank ;  and  again  he  came  on  through  the  terrible 
Waters  of  death,  and  we  met  him,  and  hand  to  hand 

Fought  in  the  ruins  of  homes  ;  in  the  storm  and  the  cold 
We  grappled,  we  thrust,  we  stabbed  through  that  wild  lost  land ; 

And  "  Calais !"  he  cried,  and  "  Calais !    the  echo  rolled. 
To  the  ruins  and  blood-red  waters  came  quiet  at  last. 
For  Thou  wert  with  us.  He  faltered.  But  we  stood  fast. 

Out  of  the  Valley  of  Death,  Lord,  Thou  hast  led  us  I 

By  the  sea  we  lay  panting  with  burning  eyes ; 
By  tixe  dimes,  by  the  floodw  fields,  where  the  wind  fed  us 

Despair,  and  day  wa.s  blacker  with  surmise 
Than  ever  night  with  storms,  we  crouched ;  but  lo, 

On  the  plains  afar,  on  the  brown  fields,  facing  the  west, 
Not  of  dismay  and  imminent  overthrow. 

Through  the  day,  through  the  dark,  we  made   a  sjiectral 
guest; 
God,  how  we  came  with  banners !  With  drums,  we  came  I 

Head  high,  flashing  the  sun  back,  sparkling,  we  came  on  ! 
Our  enemy  fled.  Down  the  gray  gorge  of  shame 

He  drew  away  as  the  dark  draws  away  from  the  dawn. 
We  cried,  "  Now  he  is  ours  I"  but  lo,  in  the  north. 

Like  a  new  spear  flashing,  he  sprang ;  again ;  again  ! 
And  back  and  forth  we  hinged ;  and  back  and  forth 

Like  wrestlers  with  bloodshot  eyes  who  heave  and  strain 
At  the  abyss's  edge,  we  tossed  panting ;  we  sprang  back  ; 

Grapple<l,  reeoued  ;  grappled  again ;  lay  still ; 
Arms  locketi,  eye  to  red  eye  demoniac  ; 

Limbs  lax  ;  astir  only  the  Invincible  will. 
And  again  by  the  white  peaks,  bugles  and  victory-laughter. 

Legions  of  marching  men,  files  without  end  I 
Death  on  the  winding  roads ;  slaughter,  and  triumph  after ! 
Biting  winds  on  the  passes  and  April  after 

Where  the  winding  roads  destrend. 
Gml,  how  we  came  with  bannere  I  God,  how  they  fled, 

Crag  to  crag,  leaping,  stricken,  down  the  gray  s1oih>h  I 


We  crashed  upon  theH|,  jiKe  ^x^tem  that  burst  their  bed. 

Like  chumifig  wate('St*'<^^^iiig:  away  their  hopes. 
"At  last  I  At  last^  Now  is Hf^ijd !"  we  cried. 

But  our  enemy  thrall  |f^'m4  (i^rk  ;  terribly  he  thrust. 
And  we  melted  like  snow  Ai^^  t^he.  gay,  green  mountain-side : 

To  the  icy  passes  we  fled  likd  W^d-blown  dust. 
And  the  foe  plunged  and  came  on  ;  with  thunder  and  flame 

He  cut  him  a  highway  and  paved  it  with  bones  and  blood ; 
Of  eyes  and  palpitant  hearts  that  knew  Thy  name, 

God,  and  knew  love  and  beauty  and  fatherhood. 
An  instrument  to  batter  a  bastion  low 

He  fashioned  him  there,  God ;  and  smote  us. 

Dear  Lord, 
Who  knowest  all  things,  this  also  Thou  dost  know : 

Not  lightly  there  we  yielded  to  Thy  abhorred. 
He  lunged,  he  trampled,  he  plunged ;  he  swept  us  aside. 
We  dim,  we  rose  from  the  dead,  we  died,  we  died. 

Go(f,  in  the  VitUey,  in  the  gray-green  canyon  of  Death 
Thou  gavent  our  lips  water  and  our  lungs  breath  ; 
T}tou  gavest  our  eyes  sieeet  pictures  to  gaze  upon  ; 
Thou  gavest  our  hearts  sweet  love  tnfeed  upon  ; 
Thou  gavest  our  spirits  music  of  Thine  own  making, 

Of  daylight  breaking. 
And  sliimbering  birds  and  slumbering  worlds  awaking. 
I7iwt  gavest  our  spirits  food  to  eat. 
Bread  and  apjJes,  honet/  and  meat. 
And  hands  to  clasp  and  fields  to  sow. 
And  children  to  fondle,  as  long  ago. 

Thou  art  home-fires  to  them  trho  gave  and  are  done  vith  giring. 
Bui  a  ring  often  thousand  chariftts  Thou  art  to  the  liring .' 

God,  in  disaster  Thou  hast  been  near  to  us. 

We  cried,  "  We  will  strike  our  foe  by  land  and  by  sea ; 
In  the  narrow  way,  by  the  strait  gate  perilous. 
Where  the  black  heart  blasphemous 

Camps  and  breaks  bread  with  our  Lord's  black  enemy. 
We  will  make  us  a  road  ;  to  his  throat  we  will  carve  us  a  way!" 

Over  the  sea,  over  the  wine-dark  sea. 
From  the  ends  of  the  earth  with  singling  and  banter  gay 

For  the  love  of  a  ravished  bride,  sweet  Liberty, 
We  («me ;  and  round  us  were  gods  and  welcoming  ghosts ; 
And  the  deep  voice  of  Agamemnon  calling  his  hosts. 

Loi-d  God,  Thou  knowest  that  we  were  glad  to  die. 

Our  strength,  our  hope,  our  vision  of  far,  loved  faces. 
Of  sweet  yeara  hand  in  hand  and  eye  in  eye. 

And  children  and  friends,  old  paths  and  familiar  places. 
Lord,  these  were  all  we  had  to  gLve ;  we  gave  them ; 
Throwing  away  our  dreams  that  we  might  save  them. 
We  died  in  the  sea,  we  died  m  the  snares  of  the  beaches ; 

We  died  in  *'>«  dafftxlils,  when  their  cups  were  red ; 
We  died  amid  wails  and  singing  and  madmen's  screeches 

And  crawling  fire  and  under  the  piled-up  dead. 
We  lande<l,  we  stormed,  we  stabbed,  we  pressed  on,  we  pn* 

vailed ; 
We  hungered,  we  tliirsted,  we  burned,  we  fell  back,  we  failt^l 

God,  in  black  days  Thou  hast  kept  true  to  us  1 

Our  enemy  laughe<l ;  he  said,  "  They  are  babes  at  war. 
What  are  they,  to  match  their  swords  presumptuous 

With  the  sword  of  a  conqueror  ?" 
And  he  gathered  his  legions  and  smote  us  where  we  were  weak- 

With  treachery  arid  a  sword,  with  guile  and  a  blow. 
He  fell  on  our  fields  like  winter  and  left  them  bleak. 

He  came  on  our  citios  like  Judgment  and  trampled  them  !•»• 
We  stoiMl,  we  fought ;  by  the  river,  black  with  his  it)ming. 

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THE   OUTLOOK 


495 


For  a  high  prioe,  we  sold  each  drop  of  freemen's  blo<xl ! 
But  our  foe  came  on  with  his  hordes  and  his  vultures  bnniiaing ; 

Like  a  glacier,  darkly,  like  a  slow-rising  flood. 
Like  a  pli^e  of  locusts  that  leaves  the  g^reen  fields  brown. 

He  came ;  we  fought  in  the  valley,  we  poured  death  from  the 
height ; 
We  defied  the  tide ;  the  thunder  we  thundered  down. 

]3ut  he  came  as  the  dark  comes,  putting  out  the  light ; 

He  came  as  death  comes,  putting  dreams  to  flight. 
And  we  fled  to  the  mountains,  we  fled  with  our  loves  in  our 
arms; 

Starving  and  bleeding,  we  staggered,  with  Terror  behind 
Flaring  to  heaven,  and  around  us  the  whirling  storms 

And  the  snow  on  our  loved  ones  lost  and  t£e  pitiless  wind. 

But  our  foe  cried,  "  Fools !  that  die  for  a  phantom-light ! 
Shatter  your  hearts,  if  you  must.    I  stand.   I  am  Might  I" 

n 

God,  in  defeat,  in  the  deluge  of  black  defeat, 

Thou  blewest  upon  our  courage  and  kept  it  burning. 
Thou  wast  a  light  along  the  blackened  street ; 

By  empty  chairs  a  promise  of  returning. 
Thou  wast  the  sword  of  Liberty,  agonizing. 

Thou  wast  the  still,  small  voice  in  the  little's  din  : 
"  The  wicked  are  caught  in  the  snares  of  their  own  devising. 

Faint  not,  fight  on  T  Only  the  just  shall  win  I" 

Tliou  knowest.  Lord,  we  fought  and  fainted  not. 

We  suffered  all  things,  hunger  and  cold  and  pain, 
Death  with  the  huddled  dead,  and  deatli,  forgot 

In  some  lost  crater  aloue  with  the  dark  and  the  rain  ; 
Fever  and  endless  obeying  and  digging  and  carrying 
And  slaughter  and  evil  winds  and  gathering  and  burying. 
AVe  bore  them  all,  for  something,  dim-discerned, 
That  in  our  hearts  like  white  auroras  burned. 

And  our  enemy  ravaged  our  fields  and  ravished  our  treasurei^. 
And  he  made  our  maidens  and  gohlen  boys  his  slave-s  ; 

And    he  slaughtered  our  babes  and  took  our  wives  for  his 
plt^ures, 
And  was  king  by  the  grace  of  volleys  and  open  graves. 

And  he  sent  his  vmtures  scattering  death  at  whim. 

And  his  demon-ships  to  gather  glory  for  him ; 

And  the  spirits  of  earth  and  air  came  at  his  nod 

And  blew  preen  poisons  to  put  out  the  eyes  of  God. 

Under  the  heak  of  black  hours  ravenous, 

God  of  Jree peoples,  TJtou  hast  been  true  to  us! 

Ill 

And  again  our  enemy  gathered  his  legions,  and  struck. 

With  flashing  of  myriatl  thunders,  crashing,  he  came  on. 
And  the  walls  of  our  stronghold  shuddered  and  heave<l  and 
shook, 

And  the  solid  earth  churned  as  the  sea,  in  the  muddy  dawn  : 
And  plunging  out  of  the  dark  as  the  waves  of  the  sea. 
Breaker  on  breaker,  he  chai-ged  the  hiUs  of  the  free. 

And  the  waves  came,  broke  and  ebbed,  and  other  waves  came. 

Up  from  the  infinite  deep,  up  the  wild  shore 
They  climl)e<l,  they  broke  in  a  crackle  of  fierce  flame  ; 

They  surged,  they  shudderetl,  they  crumbled,  they  were  n<i 
more. 
And  out  of  the  wallowing  ground  like  the  dead,  emerging. 
Through  the  fog  and  the  snow  the  gray-green   waves  lanie 
surging. 

And  our  bodies  grew  faint  ^\t\\  slaying,  our  eyes  gi-ew  dim. 
And  our  strong  walls  sprang  in  the  air  and  fell  anti  were  dust ; 

And  nearer  and  nearer  the  bills'  shot-shattered  rim 
The  seething  deep  his  terrible  fingers  thrust. 

And  giddy  and  sick  we  face<l  the  charging  mass. 

"  They  shall  not  pass,  dear  Gotl  I  They  shall  not  pass." 


Frien 
Thov 


\d  of  the  free,  when  man's  leeak  barriers  fall, 
art  a  wall,  great  Lord,  Thou  art  a  wafl  I 


And  we  struck  our  enemy,  struck  to  east  and  to  west. 
Struck  on  the  sea,  struck  in  the  huddled  town. 

The  darkness  we  gave  no  sleep,  the  silence  no  rest. 
Pity  no  bed  to  by  her  weariness  down. 

And  the  battle  boiled  and  seethe<l  and  bubbled  and  fell 

In  the  rocking  cauldron  over  the  coals  of  hell ; 

And  the  breath  of  a  hundred  valleys  went  out  in  thunder. 

And  a  thousand  villages  crumbled  and  were  plowed  under ; 

And  the  strong  were  afraid  and  the  weak  met  death  with  a 

shout ; 
And  gods,  like  an  empty  lamp,  sputtered  and  went  out ; 
And  shapes  rose  out  of  graves  and  dragged  at  kings ; 
And  hands  in  the  dark  broke  tlie  bright  bubbles  of  kings ; 
And  loud  and  wild  on  the  uttermost  crags  and  coasts 
Ebbed  and  flowed  the  supplications  of  ghosts. 
And  hate  the  sower  was  choked  by  a  world  of  haters ; 
Ajid  monstrous  offspring  sprang  on  their  own  creators ; 
And  high  seats  toppled  and  proud  kings  begged  for  bread  ; 
And  golden  banners  flared  to  the  dawn,  blood-red ; 
And  nations  died  and  nations  rose  from  the  dead. 

And  once  more  our  enemy  flung  forth  his  legions ;  once  moi-e 
With  thundering  mouths  and  drums  and  clattering  swonls 

And  mad-eyed  Terror  with  torches  running  before, 
He  came,  he  came  with  his  hordes  I 

And  he  beat  agaiu&t  us ;  with  iron  hands  from  our  heights 
He  hurled  us  down  ;  fi-om  our  vaHe3r8  on  waves  of  blooil, 

Terribly  on,  through  the  days  and  the  red  nights 
He  swept  us  like  a  ^ood. 

And  the  snake  in  the  covert  hissed,  "  Break  and  flee !" 

And  the  jackal  barked  in  the  dark,  "  He  hangs   at  your 
throat !" 

But  Thy  children  lifted  their  heads,  remembering  Thee. 
And  8too<l,  and  turned,  and  smote  I 

Lord  God  of  high  heaven,  shield  and  sword  of  the  free ! 
Splendor,  defender  of  light  and  liberty ! 
Arms  to  the  weak  of  arm,  eyes  to  the  dim  of  eye. 
Comfort  and  confidence  to  them  that  go  to  die  ! 
Confounder  of  tyranny,  smiter  of  perfidy, 
Uplifter  of  burdens  fallen  on  the  way  to  Thee ! 
Breaker  of  snares,  blunter  of  swords. 
Terror  and  turner  of  infidel  hordes. 
Pursuer  of  the  foes  of  light,  harrier  of  the  unjust, 
Trainpler  of  the  rebellious  with  hoofs  in  the  dust ! 
Driver  with  whips,  driver  with  scorpions. 
Driver  with  thunders  terribler  than  guns, 
Dropjier  of  bursting  fire  on  the  hearts  of  the  proud. 
Blower  of  biting  death  on  the  hopes  of  the  haughty-l)rowe<l— 
Our  enemy  is  shattered. 
Our  enemy  is  flown! 
His  charging  hosts  are  scattered, 

His  towers  are  overthrown  I 
His  trumpets  trumpet  vainly 

To  stay  the  last  retreat. 
The  monstrous  beast  ungainly 
Lies  at  Thy  conquering  feet  I 
Saviour  of  freedom,  preserver  of  the  right ! 
Redeemer  of  nations,  sweeper-away  of  night ! 
Bringer  of  morning,  bringer  of  air, 
Kindler  of  laughter  in  a-shes  of  despair ! 
God  of  high  heaven,  lo<lged  in  the  hearts  of  men. 
Triumphant  Love,  lighting  the  i)eaks  again. 
Giver  of  liberty. 
Thy  daugliters  acclaim  Thee ! 

Preserver  of  liln'rty. 
Tin-  sons  l)ow  down  to  Thee  I 

Keeper  of  tlie  stars.  Thy  freemen 
Bring  home  their  bannere  to  Thee ! 


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VIVA  IL  RE! 


BY  GINO   C.  SPERANZA 

SPECIAL  CORRESPONDENT  OF  THE  OUTLOOK  IN  ITALY 


THE  national  game  of  Italy  is  Conversazione.  Any  number 
of  persons  can  play  it — from  two  upwards — and  no  special 
training  is  necessary,  as  every  Italian  is  a  bom  conversar 
tionab'st.  It  can  be  played  standing,  and  then  it  doesn't  cost 
anything — just  walking  up  and  down  the  street  with  a  friend, 
stopping  every  minute  or  so  to  make  an  oratorical  inning  and 
sconng  with  the  effectiveness  of  gestures  as  well  as  wiui  the 
force  of  logic  or  eloquence.  But  it  is  played  best  sitting ;  and 
even  then  it  does  not  cost  much — three  cents -on  a  wooden  bench 
in  an  oateria  with  a  glass  of  ^ood  wine  thrown  in,  or  five  cents  on 
a  plush  settee  at  a  caf^  even  m  these  days  of  war,  a  penny  tip  to 
the  waiter,  and  the  right  to  occupy  your  seat  for  the  rest  of 
eternity. 

The  military  love  this  game  no  less  than  do  the  civilians,  and 
even  wotmded  soldiers — 3  fever  does  not  interfere — prefer  it  to 
any  other  form  of  entertainment,  yes,  even  to  the  gramophone 
or  a  heavily  nicotined  mezzo  toscano  received  from  the  dainty 
hands  of  some  bright-eyed  Red  Cross  nurse. 

It  is  with  the  knowledge  of  such  predilection  that  I  have 
often  thought  that  the  American  hospital  in  Florence,  though 
housed  in  a  building  some  centuries  old,  must  have  been  really 
planned  as  a  posta  di  ddizia  (as  the  villa  gardens  are  described 
in  the  old  books)  for  just  such  men  as  the  soldiers  of  Italy  who 
tonlay  are  brought  there  to  be  made  sound,  useful,  and  happy 
citizens  again.  It  is,  indeed,  an  ideal  place  for  the  game  of 
Conversazione^  no  matter  in  what  stage  of  surgical  treatment 
the  players  may  be.  Even  those  who  cannot  move  an  inch  be- 
cause of  broken  bones  or  rent  tissues  can  play  the  game  there, 
because  the  wards  are  just  big,  sociable  rooms  with  the  com- 
fortable white  cots  dose  enough  to  allow  all  the  moves  of  the 
game  ;  or  they  can  be  carried  down  on  stretchers  to  the  garden 
and  ranged  around  the  "  field,"  where  they  can  play  it  in  the 
sun.  And  the  convalescents  can  come  close  to  the  real  thing 
when  they  sit  around  the  tables  in -the  big  reception-room, 
smoking  cigarettes  which  they  get  free  except  for  a  smUe  and  a 
"  Grazie,  signorina  ;"  and  tiiere,  in  the  absence  of  any  other 
start,  the  ball  (km  always  be  sent  fl3ring  by  some  one  asking  why 
the  big  Sag  on  the  wall  has  thirteen  stripes  and  forty-eight 
stars. 

It  was  my  privilege  to  play  the  game  occasionally  in  Surgical 
Ward  V  of  this  hospital.  Of  course  I  was  a  poor  hand  at  it 
compared  to  those  Sicilian  bersaglieri,  Sardinian  infantrymen, 
and  brave  grenadiers  and  Alpini  from  the  north  of  Italy ;  but 
my  foreignness  added  zest  to  the  game,  internationalizing  it,  as 
it  were. 

One  day — it  was  a  sultry,  depressing  Florentine  summer 
afternoon — Ward  V  looked  as  if  it  needeid  toning  up.  It  would 
not  even  play  tombola,  which  soldiers  coming  to  a  major  oper- 
ation find  a  vitalizing  and  agreeable  pastime.  I  started  all  sorts 
of  debatable  subjects  without  working  up  any  zest.  I  wbs  near 
the  end  of  my  rope  when  I  happened  to  ask,  "  Has  any  one  of 
you  seen  the  King  at  the  front  ? ' 

Half  a  dozen  men  instantly  spoke  up :  "  I  saw  him  at  Go- 
rizia !"  "  He  was  at  Pal  Piccolo !"  "  We  met  him  coming  from 
Asiago !"  "  He  came  one  night  to  our  trenches !" 

The  situation  now  seemed  promising.  I  told  the  men  that  I 
was  very  much  interested  to  hear  what  they  had  to  say ;  that  I 
too  had  S9en  the  King  years  ago  at  his  home  in  the  Quirinal, 
and  only  a  little  while  since  in  the  Trentino,  and  would  they 
not,  one  at  a  time,  tell  me  what  they  knew  of  il  He  ? 

They  insisted,  however,  that  I  should  tell  my  stories  first, 
and  settled  back  quietly  on  their  cots  while  I  tried  to  think  up 
all  the  tales  I  had  heani  about  Victor  Emmanuel  III. 

"  It  was  early  in  the  war,"  I  began,  "  when  the  King  went  to 
inspect  a  telephone  station  which  was  hidden  away  in  a  bit  of 
woodland  well  up  near  the  first-line  trenches.  It  was  a  hot  day, 
and  his  Majesty,  after  looking  over  the  post  and  talking  to  each 
man,  sat  down  on  the  grass  and  leaned  back  against  a  tree ;  but 
a  shai-p  knot  near  the  base'  of  the  tree-trunk  made  resting  im- 


oomfortable.  So  (me  of  the  soldiers  got  an  ax  and  walked  np 
respectfully  and  ashed  if  he  might  chop  off  the  offending  knot 
The  King,  smiling,  consented,  but,  seemg  that  the  soldier  was 
very  awkward  as  a  wood-chopper,  got  up  and  said :  "  Hers. 
ragazzo,  give  me  that  ax.  I'll  show  you  how  to  handle  it,"  and 
with  one  skillful  stroke  he  smoothed  the  trunk  dean.  Now  they 
caXLiVfalheroddRer 

My  story  was  received  rather  coldly ;  it  was  evident  that  the 
men  wanted  stronger  wine.  So  I  went  on  with  a  tale  of  anotbo' 
kind.  "  It  was  at  a  field  hospital  in  the  Trentino,"  I  recounted, 
**  and  many  badly  wounded  soldiers  were  being  carried  in  as  the 
Anstrians  had  just  made  a  violent  though  unsuccessful  attack 
on  the  Italian  trenches.  The  King  came  in  under  the  big  tent 
and  walked  aroimd  speaking  to  the  men  waiting  their  turn  for 
the  surgeons'  attenticm.  In  a  little  while  the  stretcher-bearers 
carried  in  a  bersagUere — a  fine  young,  strong-looking  boy 
whose  right  leg  was  all  crushed  aud  seemed  to  be  held  to  tUte 
trunk  by  only  a  few  shreds  of  bleeding  fieeh.  The  wounded  mi- 
dier's  face  glowed  with  fever  and  excitement,  and,  as  be  saw  the 
King,  he  instantly  said,  pointing  to  his  cruel  wound :  *  For  yon. 
your  Majesty,'  and  he  said  it  not  at  all  with  regret  or  somw, 
but  as  if  he  were  glad  to  have  something  to  give  to  his  King. 
Victor  Emmanuel  looked  at  the  bersagUere  very  seriously  bat 
ever  so  kindly  ;  then  he  raised  his  hand  to  his  cap,  giving  him 
the  military  salute,  and  said :  '  No,  my  son ;  not  for  me,  but  for 
Italy  r" 

lliis  tale  met  with  much  greater  favor  from  my  audience, 
but  I  coidd  see  that  some  of  the  men  were  getting  excited  with 
the  wish  of  telling  their  own  stories  about  the  King,  so  I  said 
that  some  one  among  them  must  now  take  a  turn  aud  relieve 
me  a  while  from  talking. 

"  I  didn't  see  the  King  myself,"  b^an  one  of  the  men  with- 
out further  ui^ing — he  was  an  artilleryman  from  Piedmont,  a 
powerful  chap  nearly  seven  feet  high  who  would  never  again 
walk  without  a  crutch — "  but  a  paesano  from  my  town  UH 
me,  this  true  story  about  him.  My  friend  was  oi-derly  to  an 
artiUery  captain,  and  one  day  he  went  off  with  his  officer  to 
examine  a  newly  placed  battery  which  the  King  was  expectal 
to  come  up  to  inspect.  All  of  a  sudden,  while  the  captain  and 
my  friend  were  there,  the  Anstrians  got  the  range  and  began 
a  lively  fire.  A  shrapnel  ball  hit  the  captain,  who,  as  he  fdL 
shouted  to  his  orderly  to  run  and  save  htmseU.  The  artiDery- 
men  got  into  a  panic  and  some  of  them  began  running  back,  not 
even  minding  passing  the  King's  motor,  which  had  just  come 
up.  Of  course  my  friend  stood  by  his  officer  and  tried  to  stanch 
the  blood  from  his  wound,  but  the  captain  was  fast  dying  and 
the  orderly  was  so  heartbroken  and  excited  that,  seeing  the  taeo 
running  away  and  hearing  the  horn  of  his  Majesty's  nnitur 
sounding  farther  and  faruier  away  in  the  distance,  he  grew 
rather  desperate,  and,  throwing  himself  over  his  captain's  dead 
body,  shouted  aloud,  'Even  the  King  leaves  us!'  He  had 
hardly  said  this  when  some  one  touched  him  on  the  shoulder, 
and,  turning  around,  whom  shoidd  he  see  but  the  King  himaeli 
standing  there  quietly  as  if  there  were  no  shells  bursting  about 
The  orderly  rose,  stood  at  attention,  shaking  in  his  boots ;  but 
Victor  Emmanuel  said  to  him :  '  My  son,  uie  automobile  has 
gone,  but  the  King  remains  with  his  soldiers !'  And  my  frinid 
and  his  Majesty  sat  beside  the  captain's  body  until  the  stretcher- 
bearers  came  and  carried  it  away." 

Aldo  Monsu',  a  Sardinian,  who  was  the  worst  woiuided  of  the 
lot,  with  an  injury  to  his  spine,  looked  as  if  he  could  not  wait 
another  second  to  tell  his  tale,  so  I  gave  him  the  next  turn. 

"I  saw  it  with  my  own  eyes,"  he  burst  out  with  pent-up 
fervor,  "  and  heard  it  with  my  own  ears.  We  were  having  mir 
rancio,  and  the  King  came  up  and  looked  aroimd  to  see  that 
everything  was  in  order.  Then  he  noticed  a  territorial  8oIdi<^, 
much  older  than  the  rest  of  us,  sitting  apart  without  touchiug 
his  food  and  looking  very  sa«L  The  I^g  walks  up  to  him  and 
says, simple-like :  'Art  thou  sick,  or  dost  thoa  not   like  the 


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nnrio  f  to  both  of  whiobqueations  the  soldier  shook  his  head. 
len  his  Majesty  asks,  '  What  ails  thee,  my  son  ?'  and  the  man 
D««  ers  so  he  could  hardly  keep  back  the  tears :  '  Sire,  when  I 
?ft  home,  one  of  my  three  children  was  very  ill.  I've  had  no 
ew8  about  him  for  nearly  a  month.'  Now  could  yon  guess 
hat  the  Kine  of  Italy  then  said  ?  Well,  these  are  his  words : 
[  nnderstand  thy  worry ;  the  thought  of  our  children  never 
aves  us,  does  it  ?  But  thou  shouldst  not  waste  thyself  with 
uxiety  simply  because  no  letters  have  come ;  it's  a  week  that  I 
Mi't  hear  m>m  home,  either,  and  I'm  a  father — with  a  good 
romising  son,  too' — would  you  believe  it?  And  then  and 
lere  the  King  calls  one  of  his  aides,  orders  him  to  take  the 
une  and  address  of  the  family  of  the  territorial  and  to  tele- 
laph  them  at  once  in  the  King's  name  for  news  of  the  little 

There  may  have  been  something  more  to  the  story,  but 
onsu'  now  let  his  head  fall  back  on  his  pillow,  exhausted  with 
e  excitement  that  the  vision  of  the  scene  had  stirred  within 
m.  Perhaps  he  was  one  of  those  primitive  shepherds  of  Sar- 
oia  for  whom  the  great  war  had  meant  little  until  one  day 
me  one  had  told  them  of  Italia  Irredenta  as  a  land  of  the  King 
uch  the  Anstrians  were  forcibly  holding  from  his  lawful 
joyment.  Then  those  somewhat  frail  but  indomitably  plucky 
odinians  had  gathered  around  the  flag  "  to  wrest  ^m  the 
bbers  the  lands  of  our  King." 

The  men,  it  was  dear,  were  getting  tired ;  the  little  flame 
Jch  had  stirred  them  into  a  semblance  of  strength  was  grow- 
r  faint.  A  new  peacefulness  was  soon  resting  on  W^ard  V. 
le  sapped  vitality  of  these  soldiers  had  quenched  even  the 
lor  of  tiieir  patriotism ;  most  of  them  now  lay  very  still  and 
ne  had  fallen  asleep.  They  were  so  quiet — these — so  content- 
y  relaxed  under  their  white  coverlets  in  an  ease'and  comfmt 
it  probably  most  of  them  had  never  known,  that  no  doubt 
ly  were  dreaming  royal  dreams. 

[  left  them  to  their  slumbers  and  walked  off  into  the  Fiesolian 
intry,  trying  to  piece  together  the  impressions  of  these  hum* 
men  conoeming  their  sovereign  and  companion  at  arms  with 
own  slender  personal  impressions  of  Victor  Emmanuel  III, 
leavoring  toform  in  my  mind  some  definite  picture  of  this  nn- 
ibtedly  ui6  most  beloved  "  ruler  "  in  Europe.  The  judgment 
nonarchg,  I  thought  to  myself,  cannot  be  left  any  more  to 
verdict  of  history ;  most  of  them  have  ceased,  and  all  of  them 
I  cease  after  this  war,  to  exercise  any  real  political  authority. 
» Italian  constitutional  formula  is, "  The  King  does  not  rule, 
reigns  " — an  excellent  distinction  honestly  lived  up  to  by  the 
sent  head  of  the  Italian  state,  but  a  distinction  which  divests 
larchy  of  all  its  power  to  affect  the  destinies  or  the  history 
ts  people.  Yes,  the  verdict  of  kings  to^y  can  only  be  the 
lict  of  their  contemporaries — not  certainly  of  those  within 
Court  circle,  but  of  those  peopla  of  varied  classes  and  oon- 
ons  with  whom  a  modem  constilutional  monarch  in  our  times 
les  into  almost  daily  democratic  contact, 
had  met  the  King  of  Italy  some  years  before  in  one  of  those 
-hour  vis-iif^is  which  are  too  hedged  in  with  restrictions  to 
ce  them  really  interesting ;  and  yet  even  in  those  trying 
umstanoes  this  descendant  of  the  oldest  royal  stock  in 
■ope  had  seemed  a  very  unassuming,  clear-headed,  modem- 
ded  man.  I  had  also  seen  him  again  at  close  range,  stepping 
on  the  balcony  of  the  Quirinal  in  answer  to  the  fi-enzied 
»r8  of  the  Romans  when  to  the  shouts  of  his  people  of  "  Viva 
ie ."'  he  had  reverently  yet  very  simply  kissed  the  flag  of 
y.  And  I  had  seen  him  more  recenuy  at  the  front,  grown 
T  looking,  dressed  in  the  fatigue  uniform  of  a  general, 
ling  pensively  down  a  rood  which  the  Anstrians  were  shell- 
but  stopping  every  camion  which  caught  up  with  him  from 
Kghting  une  and  asking  very  definite  and  precise  questions 
fie  men  driving  them  as  to  what  they  had  seen  in  the  places 
t  which  they  came. 

at  all  this  meant  very  little  indeed ;  it  was  the  merest  out- 
for  a  true  picture,  and  so  that  day  as  I  reached  home  after 
ig  tnunp  in  the  hiU  country  I  was  still  without  a  distinct 
^ptiiHi  of  the  personality  of  the  real  Victor  Emmanuel  III. 
[>me  time  afterwards,  however,  the  fortunate  chance  came 
(le  of  passing  several  pleasant  hours  with  a  distinKuiHhe<l 
an  who  knew  the  King  well  and  to  whom  I  could  siieak 


very  frankly.  He  was  not  a  courtier,  nor  even  the  recipient  of 
unusual  ro^  favors,  but  a  good  judge  of  men,  a  thinker,  and 
a  critic  who  had  had  frequent  opportunities  to  come  into  human, 
rather  than  official  or  political,  relations  with  the  sovereign. 
And  this,  after  a  long,  quiet,  ahnost  intimate  conversation,  is 
the  portrait  of  the  Savoyard  monarch  which  this  man  painted 
for  me. 

'*  The  King  is  a  man  of  precise  facts,"  he  b^;an.  "  He  coiUd, 
for  instance,  make  a  map  of  the  siege  of  Gorizia  in  sixteen 
something,  tell  yon  exactiy  where  the  Venetian  artillerv  was 
placed  and  where  the  Imperial  troojis  were  stationed.  A  day 
out  of  the  way  is  impossible  to  his  saturated  but  well-divisioned 
mind.  A  millimeter  out  of  the  way  in  the  design  of  an  ancient 
coin  will  make  him  decide  unerringly  against  a  claim  of  its  age 
not  properly  its  own." 

I  frankly  said  that  all  this,  though  excellent,  might  make 
Victor  Emmanuel  simply  a  pedant. 

"  Yes,"  agreed  my  friend  ;  "  but  if  you  want  to  describe  the 
King's  nature  by  a  single  word,  the  nearest  to  true  descriptive- 
ness  would  be  to  call  him  not  a  pedant,  but  a  saint.  Here,  again, 
however,  it  is  easy  to  misunderstand.  I  do  not  mean  religious 
sainthood — one  has  never  heard  him  mention  God.  I  mean, 
rather,  the  asceticism  of  his  character  and  a  mysticism  which 
is  wholesome  because  it  is  practical  and  human  in  its  visions. 
The  Savoyard  stock  has  had  its  good  saints  and  its  great  cap- 
tains, as  you  know ;  well,  the  King's  asceticism  is  that  of  a 
soldier,  or  at  least  in  harmony  with  and  complementary  to  a 
real  soldierly  character.  This  abnegation  and  soldierliness 
produce  a  sense  of  duty  in  the  monarch  which  is  both  profoimd 
and  spontaneous.  To-day  at  the  front  the  King  is  essentially 
a  scddier  with  the  sense  of  duty  of  a  soldier.  His  presence  is 
militarily  unnecessary;  he  attempts  no  leadership,  but  his 
great  topographical  and  historical  knowledge  is  of  much  use  to 
tiie  Staff  conducting  operations.  Of  course  what  counts  most  is 
his  presence,  or  rather  his  life  at  the  front,  as  an  example.  He 
has  none  of  the  comforts  of  his  generals,  or  even  of  many  of  his 
oolohels ;  and  this,  not  from  any  desire  to  pose,  but  because  he 
is  a  soldier  and  not  a  leader.  He  sleeps  on  a  camp  bed  even 
when  he  sleeps  in  a  villa — these  are  small  but  not  useless  de- 
tails— and  eats  at  a  table  covered  with  oilcloth,  taking  two 
courses,  at  most,  like  the  ram-lo  of  his  soldiers.  War  has 
changed  in  methods  and  character ;  the  present  King's  g^-and- 
father  coidd  ride  in  the  midst  of  his  fighting  soldiers  and  make 
a  x>aintable  picture,  but  the  present  sovereign  addressing  his 
troops  would  make  an  unimpressive  figure.  But  there  isn't  a 
hospital  at  the  front  which  he  has  not  visited,  and  his  relations 
with  stricken  soldiers  are  those  of  a  comi-ade." 

My  friend  paused  to  see  if  I  had  anything  to  ask,  and  I 
promptiy  availed  myself  of  this  privilege.  "The  American 
conception  of  kingship,"  I  said,"  is  of  two  kinds.  Americansknow 
the  tjrpe  of  kings  against  whom  they  turned  and  from  whom 
they  and  many  liberty-loving  people  have  rightiy  shaken 
themselves  free,  and  they  know  the  more  modem  tyjte  of 
kings,  such  as  are  seen  through  glimpses  of  court  life,  and 
who  are  either  gilded  pup^ts  at  their  worst  or  genial  and  cour- 
teous personalities  at  their  best.  The  history  of  the  Unite<I 
States,  you  see,  knows  no  king  ;  kingship,  indeed,  is  so  foreign 
to  our  l£fe  and  institutions  that  somehow  it  does  not  seem  to  us 
quite  real." 

"  I  understand  perfectiy  well  what  you  mean,"  answered  my 
friend  after  a  thoughtful  pause ;  "but  with  us  in  £uro]ie  king- 
ship is  inwrought,  as  it  were,  in  the  history  and  in  the  sequence 
and  development  of  events,  not  only  in  the  statet^raft  but  even 
in  the  civilization  of  Europe.  Perhaps  Americans  would  under- 
stand why  kingship — the  Savoyaitt  kind — seems  almost  the 
natural  thing  for  us  if  they  could  realize  what  it  means  to 
Victor  Emmanuel  himself." 

I  pressed  him  for  greater  clarity,  and  he  musingly  went  on  : 
"  Italy  is  a  reality,  not  a  concept,  to  the  mind  of  the  present 
King,  a  substance  rather  than  a  creed  in  the  field  of  ideals. 
When  the  soldiers  shout '  Viva  U  jRrf'  the  King  shouts  *  Vtra 
r Italia  /'  If  he  feels  part  of  it,  it  is  not  in  that  of  {lersvaal 
impoi-tance ;  he  is  deeply  conscious  of  his  kinghood,  but  not  as 
something  so  much  his  own  as  Italy's.  He  has  been  atvuswl  of 
lacking  in  initiative,  but  it  is  a  profound  sense  of  his  constitu- 
tional limitations  which   handicaps  him.    Clear-sighted,  well 


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«quipped,  and  well  informed  as  he  is,  yet  if  his  Prime  Minister, 
supported  by  a  parliamentary  majority,  came  to  him  with  a 
plan  totally  at  variance  with  the  sovereign's  own  views  and 
convictions,  the  monarch  would  imhesitatingly  bow  to  the  Gov- 
ernment of  which  he  too,  though  King,  is  a  subject." 

I  could  see  that  my  friend,  generally  cool  and  constrained, 
was  speaking  with  mounting  emotion  and  sincere  devotion. 

"  More  splendid,"  he  went  on  slowly, "  is  the  King's  spiritual 
sense  of  duty  towards  the  country  over  which  he  reigns.  If  it 
might  appear — which  God  forbid ! — that  the  death  of  the  sov- 
ereign would  help  Italy  to  victory,  if  it  brought  her  trpops 


nearer  to  the  national  goal  or  would  save  a  regiment  of  ber 
soldiers  from  defeat  or  suffering,  Victor  Emmanuel  III  wooU 
go  to  his  death  with  a  directness  and  matter-of-factness  sopwl) 
m  their  simplicity.  He  is  part  of  history,  bot  the  bistory  oi 
Italy  is  greater — though  mextricably  a  part  of  the  history 
of  its  Savoyards." 

The  portrait  seemed  complete.  We  sat  long  and  silently 
studjring  its  every  line ;  and,  though  he  was  a  royalist  and  1  a 
republican,  we  both  gazed  upon  we  picture  wim  affectaonate 

respect. 


SOUVENIR 

BY  EDWIN   ARLINGTON   ROBINSON 

A  vanished  house  that  for  an  hour  I  knew 
By  some  forgotten  chance  when  I  was  young 
Had  once  a  glimmering  window  overhung 
With  honeysuckle  wet  with  evening  dew. 
Along  the  path  tall  dusky  dahlias  grew. 
And  shadowy  hydrangeas  reached  and  swung 
Ferociously  ;  and  over  me,  among 
The  moths  and  mysteries,  a  blurred  bat  flew. 

Somewhere  within  there  were  dim  presences 
Of  days  that  hovered  and  of  years  gone  by. 
I  waited,  and  between  their  silences 
There  was  an  evanescent  faded  noise  ; 
And  though  a  child,  I  knew  it  was  the  voice 
Of  one  whose  occupation  was  to  die. 


THE  COMMISSIONER  OF  INTERNAL  REVENUE  AS  A 

POLICEMAN 

HIS    WORK  IN  THE  SUPPRESSION  OF   THE    TRAFFIC   IN 
MOONSHINE  WHISKY,  "  DOPE,"  AND  COUNTERFEIT  BUTTER 

BY   THEODORE    H.  PRICE  AND  RICHARD    SPILLANE 


WAR  rommtiniqiiex  are  not  confined  to  the  fighting  front 
in  France  nor  the  Balkans  or  Syria.  We  have  a  fight- 
ing front  in  America,  for  America  has  her  own  little 
war  at  home. 

Every  day  or  two  there  is  a  message  received  at  the  office  of 
the  Commissioner  of  Internal  RevMiue  at  Washington  that 
reads  somewhat  as  follows : 

In  raid  yesterday  at  Blank,  John  Blank  was  killed  resisting 
capture  and  one  of  his  party  wounded.  Deputy  Blank  was  shot 
throngh  the  leg  and  Sheriff  Blank  in  jural  slightly. 

For  the  last  four  months  the  Government  has  been  waging 
war  on  the  moonshiners  on  a  scale  greater  than  ever  before  in 
our  history.  At  present  the  engagements  are  confined  to  the 
moimtain  districts  of  Tennessee,  Alabama,  North  Carolina,  and 
the  Appalachian  country  generally,  but  they  are  expected  to 
embrace  in  time  most  of  the  country.  Since  June  1  of  this  year 
more  than  five  hundred  illicit  stills  and  distilleries  have  been 
seized  and  destroyed.  Scores  of  men  have  been  kiUed,  scores 
too  have  been  wounded.  More  than  two  hundred  men  have  been 
captured,  and  prosecution  has  been  recommended  through  the 
Department  of  Justice  against  nearly  five  hundred  offenders. 
The  dead  include  moonshiners,  sheriffs,  and  deputy  sheriffs. 
The  wounded  include  lawbreakers,  Government  agents,  and  offi- 
cials of  the  State.  Among  the  men  captured  have  been  many 
deserters  from  the  United  States  Army,  mostly  sons  or  relatives 
of  the  moonshiners.  Nearly  fifty  thousand  gallons  of  whisky  has 
been  seized  and  destroyed,  and  the  value  of  the  property,  includ- 
ing illicit  stills  and  distilleries,  seize<l  by  the  Govfhiment 
amotmts  to  more  than  #100.000.  The  property  taken  over  by 
the  Government  embnu-es  not  only  stills,  but  automobiles, 
mvdes,  wagons,  and  raw  material  for  the  manufacture  of  whisky. 


Among   the  goods  seized  there   have  been   more  tluua  thirti 
thousand  pounds  of  sugar. 

For  more  than  a  hundred  years  the  GovenuneDt  has  ben 
engaged  in  an  effort  to  suppress  illicit  distilleries.  The  whiski 
war  in  Pennsylvania  makes  a  colorful  page  in  our  early  Natitioai 
history.  Scores  of  novels  have  been  written  around  tbe  tomafr 
tic  lives  of  the  moonshiners.  There  has  been  not  a  little  sympa- 
thy for  the  moonshiner.  He  has  been  pictured  as  a  moontaint^ 
far  removed  from  the  town,  a  rugged  character  frtHn  tbe  hiL' 
country,  living  a  simple  life,  who  raised  a  patch  of  com,  an*! 
with  crude  devices  manufactured  out  of  the  com  a  little  whisk} 
for  his  own  use  or  for  his  neighbors'  use,  his  neighbors  nsmdl} 
being  scattered  miles  away  over  the  sparsely  populated  connti?. 
The  moonshiner  could  not  understand  why  he  had  to  pay  reve- 
nue to  the  Government  for  the  juice  of  the  com  when  he  nised 
the  com  on  his  own  little  patch  of  ground  and  got  no  money  fma 
his  crop.  To  be  sure  at  times  the  moimtaineer  sold  a  little  of  hi> 
fiery  liquor,  but  what  he  got  for  it  was  only  a  pittance.  In  addi- 
tion, there  is  always  reluctance  to  pay  taxes.  Few  persons  psy 
them  with  good  grace.  Intermittently  for  more  than  ahaodiv<; 
years  the  Government  has  invaded  the  mountain  distrirSt. 
stamped  out  stills  here  or  there,  and  sent  a  moonshiner  or  twi> 
to  prison ;  but,  despite  every  effort  that  the  Government  las 
made,  moonshining  has  endured. 

There  is  no  romance  in  moonshining  to-day.  It  is  oomnMT- 
cial,  demoralizing,  and,  as  such,  is  far  more  threatening  tW 
ever  before.  It  is  because  of  this  that  Daniel  C.  Roper,  C*vt- 
missioner  of  Internal  Revenue,  has  organized  what  is  knowv  a^' 
the  "  Flying  Squadron  "  to  combat  me  evil.  This  SqnadrKi 
was  oi^anized  in  the  Nashville  division  June  7.  1918,  and  »» 
composed  of  fourteen  men.   Colonel  Daniel  Porter,  formerir  .-f 

Digitized  by  VJ\^»^V  IV^ 


CURRENT    EVENTS     ILLUSTRATED 


« 't- 


THANKMtlVlNG  SKKVICK   IX   THE  CATllEDUAL   AT  CAMIJKAI.    KUANCE.    KOR  THE  DELIVERANCE  OE  THE  TOWN   KUdM 

THE  GERMAN    IXVAI>E1!>.,   ABUR  THILI.IEZ  OKKICIATING 


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A  MEMORIAL  STATUE  OF  EDWIN  BOOTH  AS  "HAMLKT" 

This  life-size  bruiixe  statue  by  Ediiiond  T.  Quiiiii  wiiH  reeeiitly  unveiled  in  Gramercy 

Park,  New  York  City,  near  the  home  of  the  Players  Club,  founded  by  Mr.  Booth. 

The  children  seen  in  the  picture  are  great-grandchildren  of  the  faraons  actor 


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CELEBRATING  THE  SIGNING  OF  THE   AKMLSTICE 
Vast  crowds  filled  New  York's  streets  to  celebntt«   the  dawn  of  ftm*. 
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thronghout  the  city  and  Nation 


THE  PEAC  «"=" ''"HATION  IN  NEW  YORK  CITY'-OIUl^  DANCE  FOR  JOY  T{|;^Bz3'ilSyC«TjrOl0,0lC 


KAISER  WmUAH  OF  OXBHANT 


THE  CROWN  PRINCB  OF  OBRMAinr 


BKPEROR  CHARLK8  OF  AITSTRIA 


KINO   C0N8TANTINE  OF  GREECE 


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KINO   WILUAM  II  OF  WORTTEMBERO 
A   PRW   DI.SCAUDEU  KINGS 


KINO  FREDERICK  AUOUBn'S  III  OF  SAXON  V 


Xli0  world  is  indeed  DOW  becoming  ^^Haff  for  democracy,"  when  no  iiiiiiiy  ntitwniiic  rtilen  in  Euroi>c,  as  represented  in  the  above  photographs,  linve  felt  ohliKed 

to  renoiin4>e  their  crowns,  niost  of  them  hecntise  of  (temian  afliliations  or  German  intrifpie  T 

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THS  ARTISTS  CONCKPTION  OF  HUISELF 


A  OAHERA  PORTRAIT  OF  THE  ARTIST 


EARLY  SPRIMO,  PETROGRAD 


CHRISTMAS  " 


EXAMPLES. OF  THE  WOKK  OF  BORIS  ANISFELU,  A  RUSSIAN  ARTIST  NOW  EXlilBlTING  IN  AMERICA 

A  nmnber  of  Mr.  Anisfeld'a  paintings  and  water-colors  are  now  on  exhibition  at  the  Brooklyn  (New  York)  Museum.    See  editorial  comment  on  this  exhibitiia 

and  the  tendency  it  represents 


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e  United  States  Army,  but  now  of  the  Internal  Revenue 
rvice,  selected  and  trained  the  men.  The  Squadron  has  he- 
me a  considerable  body.  It  now  includes  approximately  a 
mdred  men.  The  recruits  are  drawn  as  neraed  from  the 
eriffs  and  their  deputies  in  the  coimties  into  which  the  Flying 
[uadron  sweeps.  Its  ranks  automatically  swell  or  shrink  as 
lergencnr  requires.  It  is  ever  on  the  move.  It  is  ever  training 
w  men  for  ite  service.  It  is  a  little  West  Point  out  of  which  the 
mmanders  for  the  big  fight  that  is  coming  will  be  developed, 
le  Flying  Squadron  has  engaged  in  some  Homeric  battles 
the  last  few  months,  but  the  Intemal  Eevenue  people  are 
iwilling  that  the  details  of  these  fights  should  be  made  public, 
ley  want  no  more  than  is  necessary  to  be  known  about  the 
m  who  compose  the  Flying  Squadron.  They  plan  to  keep  the 
emy  in  ignorance  of  their  numbers  and  their  movements. 
It  costs  bat  little  to  make  whisky,  for  not  much  apparatus  is 
eessary.  In  a  crude  still  made  out  of  a  copper  vessel,  from 
lieh  issue  the  coils  of  the  pipe  we  know  as  the  "  worm,"  with 
barrel  or  two  of  water  for  cooling  purposes,  a  moonshiner  can 
ok  his  com  and  sugar  and  make  a  whisky  as  potent  as  any 
at  comes  from  the  biggest  distillery  in  the  land.  The  making 
Ae  stuff  is  less  difficult  than  its  marketing.  This  has  to  be 
ndncted  most  carefully.  The  market  has  been  so  developed 
Nerly  that  illicit  whisky  is  to-day  distributed  through  secret 
lanels  over  all  the  dry  territory  of  the  South.  The  moon> 
iner  and  his  associates  get  such  tremendous  profits  out  of  what 
ey  sell  that  if  they  can  go  on  unmolested  for  six  months  or  a 
ar  they  can  make  a  fortune.  A  few  years  ago  the  tax  on 
iusky  was  a  dollar  a  gallon.  Under  the  new  law  it  is  eight 
iDars  a  gallon.  In  some  sections  of  the  South  that  are  dry,  or 
pposed  to  be  dry,  whisky  sells  to-day  for  four  dollars  a  quart. 
I  some  of  the  prohibition  States  the  moonshiner,  the  bootlegger, 
id  the  blind-tiger  man  have  not  been  altc^ether  unsucc^Hful 
evading  the  uw,  and  their  activities  are  &r  more  demoraliz- 
g  than  when  whisky  was  cheap  and  illicitly  produced  for  home 
osnmption  only. 

When  in  1917  we  entered  the  war  and  prepared  for  the 
_  of  the  Army  that  is  now  in  France,  one  of  the  first 
jhts  the  men  at  the  head  of  the  Government  had  in  rela- 
_  to  the  camps  was  to  locate  them  as  far  as  possible  in  sections 
tiie  country  where  the  men  would  have  little  opportunity, 
Ik  if  they  had  the  desire;  to  obtain  liquor.  Necessarily,  most 
fffce  camps  had  to  be  in  the  East,  not  far  from  the  ports 
^gh  which  the  soldiers  would  be  shipped  abroad.  Neces- 
4br<  ^^^  camps  should  be  situated  where  the  climatic  condi- 
Il0  were  favorable,  where  the  winters  were  comparatively 
■It,  where  the  fuel  needs  would  be  minimized  ;  for  we  have  a 
■n»ty  of  fuel  for  general  purposes  in  America  just  now.  The 
iWii  got  most  of  the  camps.   Most  of  the  Southern  States  are 

t  Every  precaution  seemed  to  be  taken  to  safeguard  the  men 
temptation,  and  yet  in  a  short  period  after  the  establish- 
Ijpt  of  tne  camps  it  was  discovered  that  liquor  was  pouring  in. 
■Rte  was  great  danger  that  those  of  the  boys  who  had  an 
Ipnation  tor  whisky  might  become  demoralized.  There  was 
|Rte  drunkenness  than  could  be  explained.  There  was  a  laxity 
I  some  quarters  that  was  hard  to  understand.  Men  overstayed 
■far  leaves  of  absence ;'  others  came  back  much  the  worse  for 
lift ;  desertions  began  to  increase. 

A  httle  investigation  showed  the  channels  through  which 
pot  was  getting  into  the  camps  and  into  the  districts  around 
ft  eamps.  Agents  of  moonshiners  were  the  distributers.  There 
■e  a  lot  of  mountain  boys  also  in  the  camps — ^young  men  who 
B  been  taken  in  the  draft.  Some  of  these  acted  as  sellers  of 
li  whisky  that  came  from  the  stills  in  the  mountains.  They 
lis  &bulous  price  for  the  liquor.  As  soon  as  it  became  known 
itiie  camps  that  the  military  authorities  were  on  tlie  trail  of 
M  purveyors  of  the  whisky,  some  of  these  young  soldiers  from 
M  nill  country  disappeared. 

In  the  raids  the  Flying  Squadron  have  made  since  last  June 
>ey  have  captured  eleven  of  these  deserters  in  and  about  the 
licit  stills  in  the  mountains  of  the  South.  Two  of  the  men 
illed  in  battles  between  the  officers  of  the  law  and  the  moon- 
liners  were  deserters  from  these  training  eamps.  The  officers 
«ay  round  up  hundreds  of  these  deserters  before  they  complete 
»  work  upon  which  they  are  engaged. 

Commissioner  Roper  has  no  illuHions  about  the  moonshining 


business.  At  the  end  of  the  present  fisc>al  year,  with  prohibition 
a  Nation-wide  principle  in  America,  the  Intemal  Revenue  De- 
partment may  cease  to  function  as  a  collector  of  liquor  taxes, 
but  neither  the  Intemal  Revenue  Department  nor  the  Depart- 
ment of  Justice  expects  that  prohibition  is  going  to  make  Amer- 
ica wholly  dry.  The  Flying  Squadron  by  that  time  may  be  very 
much  larger  than  it  is  to-day.  It  may  then  become  an  adjunct 
of  the  Department  of  Justice,  or  there  may  be  some  legislation 
which  will  invest  it  with  special  police  powers  and  continue  it 
under  the  jurisdiction  of  Commissioner  Koper.  At  any  rate,  its 
field  of  action  will  be  the  whole  United  States.  There  probably 
will  be  much  less  moonshining  in  the  mountains  and  more  in  the 
great  centers  of  population.  There  is  moonshining  to-day  in 
New  York.  There  is  moonshining  in  Chicago.  There  has  been 
a  revival  of  moonshining  in  Indiana  shice  prohibition  went  into 
force  there.  In  the  city  the  detection  of  illicit  distilling  is  more 
difficult  than  in  the  covmtry,  where  the  distinctive  odor  gener- 
ated may  indicate  the  location  of  a  mocnshiner's  plant  that 
is  otherwise  concealed.  Th^re  is  a  conflict  of  odors  where 
there  are  many  lines  of  industry.  There  is  no  place  in  which 
it  is  so  safe  to  hide  as  where  there  are  vast  congregations 
of  people.  It  is  going  to  be  a  herculean  task  to  suppress  the 
traffic  in  liquor  so  long  as  it  is  cheap  to  make  whisky  and  so 
long  as  man  will  pay  a  tremendous  price  for  it.  The  Flying 
Squadron  of  to-day  may  be  a  hundred  times  larger  a  year  from 
now.  It  may  have  to  hunt,  not  along  the  mountain  trails,  but 
through  all  the  highways  and  byways  of  the  cities.  It  is  very 
likely  to  develop  into  the  largest  police  body  the  United  States 
Government  ever  organized.  Its  work  has  been  expanded  to 
include  illicit  brewing  as  well  as  illicit  distilling,  the  suppression 
of  the  very  large  traffic  in  narcotics,  and  the  detection  and  su^v 
pression  of  the  many  forms  of  demoralizing  and  illegal  traffic 
which  exist  to^ay  and  which  are  likely  to  be  developed  by  the 
revolutionary  legislation  enacted  to  wipe  out,  not  only  the  hquor 
habit,  but  the  drug  habit  and  other  cardinal  vices.  ^\  e  may  have 
some  vivid  stories  brought  to  light  when  the  Flying  Squadron 
invades  cities  and  matches  its  powers  with  those  of  the  crafty 
lawbreakers  of  the  urban  districts.  Prohibition  does  not  alto- 
gether prohibit.  It  may  take  years,  many  years,  to  make  Amer- 
ica dry,  if  ever  it  is  wholly  dry.  The  intensity  and  continuance 
of  the  drought  will  depend  in  large  measure  upon  the  operation 
of  the  FlyingSquadron  and  the  men  who  direct  it.  An  assign- 
ment to  die  Flymg  Squadron  is  a  mark  of  distinct  honor  in  the 
Intemal  Revenue  Service  to-day.  The  reward  is  principally  in 
honor,  for  the  pay  in  money  is  very  small.  The  risks  the  men 
assume  are  great.  They  have  to  combat  a  resouroefid  class  of 
lawbreakers,  a  class  made  desperate  through  a  false  idea  that  it 
has  a  right  to  do  what  it  has  been  doing  for  years,  and  a  belief 
that  the  Government  is  to-day  preventing  it  from  making  money 
on  a  scale  that  was  never  before  possible. 

Prohibitionists  did  not  win  their  fight  when  they  prevailed 
upon  Congress  to  vote  America  dry.  It  will  take  many  yeara 
to  end  the  liquor  traffic.  It  will  take  longer  to  end  the  beer 
traffic.  The  Revenue  Officers  are,  however,  pursuing  the  urban 
violators  of  the  law  witli  great  vigilance  and  thoroughness.  In 
one  Middle  West  city  recently  nearly  one  hundred  illicit  stills 
were  seized.  In  size  and  form  they  resembled  the  ordinary  ice- 
cream freezer.  By  the  use  of  fire  instead  of  ice  those  who  had 
these  "'  freezers  "  could  make  a  fiery  liquor  that  they  were  able 
to  sell  for  whisky.  A  thousand  devices  for  whisky-making,  for 
beer-making,  for  the  making  of  near-beers  and  near-whiskies, 
will  be  em|Moyed,  and  the  beverages  will  be  markete<l  through 
surreptitious  channels  so  long  as  men  find  profit  in  the  ojieration 
and  the  power  of  the  Government  is  not  strong  enough  to  anp- 
press  the  evil. 

But  in  fighting  the  moonshiner  the  Commissioner  of  Intemal 
Revenue  has  a  task  that  Lb  easy  when  (Htmpared  with  that  which 
he  must  undertake  in  combating  the  illicit  traffickers  in  nar- 
cotics. Drug  addiction  Lb  not  a  pleasant  subject  to  discuss. 
Because  it  is  repulsive  good  people  would  prefer  to  ignore  it. 
But  it  has  become  such  a  menace  that  it  should  not,  and  must 
not,  be  ignored.  It  must  be  corrected,  and  this  will  ')>e  impossible 
unless  the  evil  is  recognized  and  public  opinion  is  aroused. 

The  Intemal  Revenue  DejMirtment  is  not  only  chargwl  with 
the  duty  of  collecting  taxes  on  the  sale  of  drags,  but  it  is  also 


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iuvested  with  police  powers  for  the  apprehension  of  offenders 
against  the  Drug  Law.  It  thus  becomes  an  important  agency  in 
the  conservation  of  man  power,  for  the  drug  habit  is  a  terrible 
destroyer. 

In  an  official  statement  the  Department  declares  that  the 
average  citizen  has  not  the  slightest  oon<!eption  of  the  extent  of 
drug  addiction  in  this  country.  In  New  York  City  in  the  first 
<lraf  t  eight  thousand  men  were  rejected  because  they  were  users 
of  drugs,  and  in  the  whole  country  it  is  estimated  that  eighty 
thousand  men  registered  under  the  Selective  Service  Act  were 
-drug  addicts. 

Many  acts  of  foulness  have  been  charged  to  the  Germans  in 
-connection  with  this  war,  and  one  of  them  is  that  it  was  part  of 
the  German  propaganda  to  promote  this  insidious  evil  through- 
out the  country.  We  got  many  of  our  drugs  from  German 
sources  before  uie  war — m  fact,  most  of  our  opium  in  its  various 
forms  came  from  German  houses.  Whatever  basis  there  may 
be  for  the  suspicion,  the  Department  apparently  considers  it 
possible  that  there  was  some  Genaan  effort  in  this  regard.  The 
report  says  that  it  is  rumored  that  a  great  deal  of  drug  addic- 
tion is  the  resnlt  of  German  initiative. 

In  the  argot  of  the  day,  drugs  are  termed  "  dope." 

"  Illicit  traffic  in  narcotics,"  says  a  memorandum  given  out 
by  the  Department,  "  is  earned  on  almost  exclusively  by  deni- 
zens of  the  underworld  and  unprincipled  manufacturers  and 
importers  of  drugs.  There  are,  of  course,  some  unprincipled 
men  to  be  found  among  those  who  advertise  themselves  as  prac- 
ticing physicians  and  retail  druggists,  but  most  of  the  illicit 
traffic  18  carried  on  by  ex-convicts  who  procure  their  supplies 
from  wholesalers  and  importera  through  snn-eptitious  channels. 

"  It  is  said  to  be  a  slogan  in  the  underworld  that  six  months 
immolested  in  the  business  of  jteddling  dope  means  independent 
wealth.  The  consequence  is  that  among  the  dope  peddlers  are 
foimd  the  worst  type  of  criminal!^,  who  formerly  gained  their 
livelihood  by  blowing  safes,  picking  iKx-kets,  and  other  pratftices 
which  had  been  found  to  lead  more  rapidly  to  jail  sentences. 
The  profits  exacted  front  the  addicts  are  almost  unbelievable. 
For  example,  heroin  lumglit  in  qua'itities  at  $20  an  ounce  is 
peddled  in  adulterated  form  at  from  !it200  to  $300  an  ounce.  In 
one  raid  recently  made  by  the  Internal  Revenue  officers  two 
large  steamer  trunks  were  seized  containing  almost  four  thou- 
sand ounces  of  narcotics." 

Hundreds  of  agents  of  the  Internal  Revenue  Bureau,  acting 
for  an  investigating  committee  of  Congress,  have  reported  con- 
cerning the  consumption  of  morphine,  cocaine,  heroin,  or  medi- 
cines containing  similar  alkaloids,  and  on  the  basis  of  these 
reports  it  is  estimated  that  at  least  1,500,000  persons  in  the 
United  States  are  drug  addicts.  Of  this  number  1,000,000  are 
known  as  such  in  their  communities  and  500,000  are  secret  users 
of  drugs. 

The  investigations  of  a  special  committee  which  is  headed 
by  Representative  Rainey,  of  Illinois,  showed  that  thousands 


^ 


of  drafted  men  have  been  dismissed  from  military  camps 
after  it  was  found  they  were  drug  addicts,  and  this  niunber 
included  many  who  went  systematically  to  work  to  develop  the 
habit  after  entering  the  army,  in  order  to  insure  their  dismissaL 
They  obtained  the  drue^  from  dope  peddlers  who  loafed  about 
the  outskirts  of  camps.  The  most  ingenious  devices  were  resorted 
to  by  the  dealers  to  get  the  drugs  to  the  men  without  danger  of 
discovery.  Sometimes  they  concealed  the  dope  in  pies,  in 
boxes  of  candy  or  cake,  and  in  some  instances  paper  on  which 
letters  were  written  was  soaked  first  in  a  narcotic  solution.  By 
shewing  the  paper  the  addict  woiUd  get  a  reaction  from  the 
drug.  In  other  cases  the  drugs  were  concealed  in  knitted  goods, 
such  as  sweaters,  gloves,  or  helmets,  sent  ostensibly  as  gifts  to 
the  soldiers. 

That  the  use  of  narcotics  has  increased  greatly  in  the  last 
two  years  is  declared  to  be  beyond  doubt,  and  to  check  the  evil 
l^dlation  to  make  the.  present  law,  known  as  the  Han-ison 
Act,  much  stronger  has  been  deemed  imperative. 

The  new  law  as  drawn  provides  for  the  registration  of  every 
manufacturer  and  dealer  in  proprietary  medicines  containing 
compounds  of  narcotic  drugs  as  well  as  the  pure  drugs,  and 
plugs  up  the  loopholes  under  which  thousands  of  violators  have 
been  able  to  es<nipe  heretofore. 

The  Act  of  Congress  approved   December   17,   1914,   and 


known  as  the  Harrison  Narcotic  Law,  was  a  powerful  measat* 
as  it  passed  the  House,  but  in  the  Senate  it  was  made  Iw 
drastic.  The  changes  made  were,  no  doubt,  inadvertent,  kt 
they  resulted,  nevertheless,  in  increasing  the  difficulties  encom- 
tered  in  the  suppression  of  the  illicit  traffic. 

An  illustration  of  how  the  bill  was  modified  is  shown  m  tl» 
following : 

When  it  went  to  the  Senate  after  it  had  passed  the  Hoiiae.  the 
prtjviso  in  section  2  (a)  read : 

"  Provided,  however,  that  such  physicians,  dentists,  or  veter- 
inary surgeons  shall  personally  attend  upon  such  patient" 

The  Senate  struck  out  the  words  "  however  "  and  "'  pereoD-  \ 
ally  attend  upon  such  patient,"  and  by  amendment  the  provki  j 
was  made  to  read  as  appears  in  the  discussion  in  the  Senaic 
(Coiig.  Rec.,  Vol.  51,  p.  6788) : 

.  "  Provided,  that  such  physician,  dentist,  or  veterinary  snrgMi 
shall  have  been  specially  employed  to  prescribe  for  the  partiro- 
lar  patient  receiving  suclT  drug  or  article : 

"  And  provided  further  that  such  drug  shall  be  dispensed  is 
good  faith,  and  not  for  the  purpose  of  avoiding  the  proviaoe 
of  this  Act." 

The  words  "  specially  "  and  "  or  article  "  were  snbsequentlj 
eliminated  by  the  Senate. 

But,  inadequate  as  the  Harrison  Act  has  been  found,  tW 
sands  of  cases  of  flagrant  violation  have  been  prosecuted  uaifi 
it,  and  in  seventy-five  per  cent  of  the  cases  convictacms  Ian 
been  obtained. 

One  thing  made  clear  by  those  who  have  wide  knowled^  i4 
dnig  addiction  is  that  it  is  not  confined  to  any  class  or  ooDifi 
tiou  of  life.  It  is  widespread  in  the  underworld.  It  has  c<m 
to  be  recognized  in  the  Tenderloin  and  among  sporting  chw 
ters  to  such  a  degree  that  "  dope  "  is  a  common  subject  of  & 
cussion.  It  is  more  prevalent  among  men  and  women  in  il 
walks  of  life  than  is  generally  known  or  believe<l.  Throngh  tb 
administration  of  drugs  to  them  in  periods  of  illness  or  snfferisg 
persons  of  good  character  and  standing  who  have  formed  th 
habit  have  become  slaves  to  it. 

Morphine  is  the  drug  to  which  most  of  these  unfortoiufef : 

are  addicted.   Those  who  have  made  a  deep  study  of  the  suhjfO 

declare  that  even  children  have  contracted  the  drug  habit  oi 

rather  the  almost  uncontrollable  pa^ion  for  drugs  that  comet  u 

,  those  who  are  nursed  at  the  breasts  of  mothers  who  are  addiea 

Cocaine,  while  not  as  widely  used  as  morphine,  has  a  vast  dub 
ber  of  victims.  Its  addicts  are  to  be  found  chiefly  in  conge^ 
sections  of  cities  and  principally  where  the  lowest-grade  saloua 
and  immoral  characters  are  the  most  numerous. 

In  its  effects  cocaine  is  more  demoralizing  and  repulsive  thu 
morphine.  Negro  addicts  are  many.  In  Negro  secticms  of  dde 
cocame  rarely  is  called  cocaine,  but  always  "  coke."  It  is  snoSeii 
into  the  nostrils,  or  introduceid  into  the  stomach  tbroogli  tfa : 
mouth  in  powder  form,  or  injected  into  the  blood  by  means  d 
a  hypodermic  syringe.  Here  again  the  argot  of  the  underwddi 
is  employed,  for  the  use  of  the  syringe  in  the  manner  deacribfj ! 
is  referred  to  widely  as  "  hypo."  And  when  "  hypo  "  is  nM» 
tioned  it  usually  means  that  cocaine  or  morphine  hxa  been  used 

Morphine  is  taken  into  the  system  by  way  of  the  month  orbi 
hypodermic  injection. 

Heroin  (morphia),  like  cocaine,  is  applied  by  snuffing  tliroog) 
the  nostrils  or  is  taken  into  the  mouth  or  by  hypodermic  mjeo 
tiou.  It  is  the  most  deadly  of  all  these  drugs  in  its  conseqaeooca 

It  should  be  understooid  that  there  are  stages  of  drug  ai^ 
tion  in  which  it  is  necessary  for  the  drug  slave  to  have  the  pw 
son.  Otherwise  he  or  she  would  die.  It  is  true  also  that  bm  : 
and  women  of  the  higher  walks  of  life  and  physioiau  ^'■ 
excellent  repute  have  contracted  the  drug  habit  in  the  figte 
against  pain  or  illness  until  the  addiction  luis  complete  maut>^ 
of  them. 

When  the  drug  slaves  crave  the  drug,  they  will  stop  at  xuA 
ing  to  get  it  That  makes  it  possible  for  the  dope  peddlein  V 
obtain  fabulous  prices  for  the  stuff  they  sell.  The  more  diffit*" 
it  is  for  the  peddler  to  get  supplies,  the  higher  he  pats  hi»  ptM 
and  the  greater  profit  he  demands.  Great  as  is  his  pro6t,  b 
resorts  to  crookedness  in  his  dealings  with  his  patrons,  far  h 
adulterates  the  drugs.  An  idea  of  the  profits  the  dope  peddkn  i 
make  may  be  gathered  from  the  fact  that  one  of  the  geetP 
cleawnl  #70,000  in  one  year.    When  such  profits  are  p<w«i»"  i 


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he  people  of  the  underworld  will  take  perilous  chances.  The 
[uternai  Revenue  people  have  captured  and  convicted  dope 
pedcUers  in  all  the  Larger  cities  in  America  and  sent  them  away 
or  long  terms,  but  no  sooner  was  the  old  gang  disposed  of  than  a 
lew  one  cropped  up.   That  has  made  the  fight  an  unceasing  one. 

If  there  hiul  not  been  juggling  with  the  Harrison  Act  four 
^ears  ago,  there  probably  would  not  be  the  ugly  condition  that 
'xists  to^ay. 

One  great  difficulty  is  that  one  section  permitted  the  sale  of 
iirious  preparations  containing  not  exceeding  two  grains  of 
ipium  or  one-fourth  grain  of  morphine  or  one-eighth  gramme  of 
leroin  or  one  grain  of  codein  to  the  flnid  or  avoirdupois  pound. 
Because  of  this  section  paregoric,  certain  so-called  drops  and 
nnlials,  etc.,  that  are  widely  known  and  advertised  can  oe  sold 
inywhere.  They  are  used  by  drug  addicts  when  it  is  impossible 

0  get  the  drug  in  more  powerful  form.  Most  of  the  cough  mix- 
ures  and  soothing  syrups  contain  drugs.  They  are  the  most 
Ifadly  form  of  medication  that  can  be  given  to  a  child.  Some 
)f  them  contain  heroin.  Addi(;ts,  when  they  cannot  get  heroin 
(therwise,  buy  these  cough  mixtures  and  soothing  syrups  and 
ake  enough  of  them  to  get  what  is  termed  a  "  kick  "  from  them. 

There  is  a  direct  reXationship  between  drug  addiction  and 
lime.  One  of  the  greatest  authorities  on  the  drug  habit  esti- 
Dated  that  between  fifty  and  seventy  per  cent  of  the  criminals 
D  the  United  States  are  addicts.  They  even  get  the  drugs  while 
hey  are  in  prison.  It  is  a  shameful  but  a  notorious  fact  that 
triaon  attaches  have  been  paiiiies  to  the  traffic  in  dope  through 
rhich  the  convicts  were  supplied. 

The  same  authority  asserts  that  ninety  per  cent  of  the  piek- 
lockets  are  "  dope  fiends." 

The  whole  physical  and  moral  stamina  weakens  under  the 
onstant  taking  of  drugs.  When  an  addict  craves  a  drug  and 
annot  get  it  readily,  he  will  do  almost  anything  to  satisfy  his 
lesire.  The  more  drug  addiction  in  a  country,  the  more  pro- 
lounced  is  the  drift  to  crime.  The  greater  the  sway  of  drugs, 
he  nearer  a  breakdown  in  moral  standards.  These  facts  are  too 
rell  known  and  appreciated  to  warrant  dispute,  and  yet,  in  face 
{ them  and  regardless  of  the  flaws  that  already  existed  in  the 
larrison  Law,  vigorous  efforts  were  made  to  weaken  it  still 
urther  through  court  actious. 

The  courts  as  a  rule  have  held  that  the  regulatory  provisions 
f  the  Bureau  have  been  in  harmony  with  the  spirit  of  the  law. 

Out  of  evil  comes  ?ood  sometimes.  Out  of  nearly  every  raid 
lade  on  dope  pe<ldler8  the  Government  gets  drugs  of  high 
alae,  and  every  time  the  drugs  are  turned  over  promptly  to 
be  Red  Cross  to  go  to  the  hospitals  here  and  in  France,  where 
be  need  for  them  is  great  in  the  many  operations  necessary  on 
romided  men. 

How  is  the  drug  habit  to  be  checked?  Only  by  the  most 
i^orons  enforcement  of  a  drastic  law,  a  law  that  will  make 
licit  traffic  in  drugs  impossible. 

Nothing  is  more  insidious  and  degrading  than  the  drug  habit. 
Nothing  18  more  necessary  to  correct,  and  especially  at  this 
ime.  Unless  proper  provision  is  made  to  check  the  drug  evil 
be  effect  of  prohibition  no  doubt  will  be  to  spread  it. 

Queer  jobs  the  Internal  Revenue  people  have  to  perform, 
"hey  hunt  the  hardy  mountaineer  who  makes  his  com  juice  in 
be  light  of  the  moon,  and  they  hunt  the  crook  and  the  skulking 
lacklM^who  peddles  poison  and  reaps  fortune  in  the  transao- 
ions.  There  is  a  touch  of  romance  as  well  as  tragedy  in  the 
uest  of  the  moonshiner.  There  is  murk  and  horror  in  the  hunt 
f  the  drug  addicts.  But  there  is  one  phase  of  the  Internal 
[••venue  man's  work  that  has  an  element  of  comedy,  and  that  is 

1  their  gallant  efforts  to  halt  the  gentlemen  who  make  moon- 
bine  cheese  and  moonshine  butter. 

Broadly  speaking,  moonshine  butter  is  oleomargarine  colored 
)  jtasB  for  butter.  There  would  not  be  so  much  traffic  in  illicit 
utt«r  or  illicit  cheese  if  our  laws  in  relation  to  oleomargarine 
'ere  sensible,  which  they  are  not.  Under  the  law  a  premium  is 
ractically  put  on  foisting  colored  oleomargarine  on  the  public 
R  butter. 

In  the  first  place,  it  should  be  understood  that  oleomargarine 
I  a  |>erfectly  good,  wholesome  substitute  for  butter.  IWides,  it 
I  much  cheaper  than  the  butter  we  get  from  the  cow. 

Unfortunately,  oleomargarine  and  various  other  bnttei-s  not 


made  from  cow's  milk  and  cream  are  without  the  attractive 
appeai-ance  to  the  eye  or  the  api>eal  to  the  palate  that  we  asso- 
ciate with  dairy  butter. 

Butter — regular  butter — is  dear.  It  would  not  be  so  costly  if 
we  ate  more  of  the  butter  substitutes. 

There  used  to  be  a  tax  of  two  cents  a  pound  on  oleomargarine. 
The  stuff  was  dressed  up  in  part  with  coloring  matter,  and  the 
business  grew  so  big  that  the  butter  interests  became  alarmed. 
They  8uccee<}ed  in  having  the  tax  changfed  so  that  now  oleo- 
marg^ine  uiu>olored  pays  only  a  quarter  of  a  (tent  a  poimd, 
while  the  colored  is  taxed  at  the  i-ate  of  ten  cents  a  pound. 

The  effect  of  this  fool  legislation  has  been  to  put  a  premium 
on  the  clandestine  coloring  of  oleomara^rine  and  the  sale  of  it 
as  butter.  In  one  city  that  is  on  the  banks  of  the  Mississippi 
River,  307  concerns  were  found  to  be  swindling  the  Govern- 
ment by  transforming  oleo  into  what  passed  for  butter.  Some 
very  important  manufacturing  companies  have  been  involvetl 
in  this  illicit  trade.  A  Representative  in  Congress  was  mixed 
up  in  one  of  the  most  sensational  cases  that  came  to  light. 
It  was  shoMm  that  he  furnished  not  only  the  oleomargarine 
but  the  coloring  matter  to  the  various  firms  in  Chio^  engage<l 
in  making  fake  butter,  and  that  he  also  supplieof  wrapiiers 
bearing  pure  food  inspection  stamps  which  were  put  on  the 
moonshine  oleo. 

It  also'  developed  that  the  Congressman  taught  men  how  to 
mix  oleo  and  coloring  matter  in  proper  proportions  that  made 
it  look  like  dairy  butter,  and  that  his  financial  representative 
furnished  bonds  for  moonshine  butter  makers,  until  the  fact 
became  so  notorious  that  the  United  States  judges  in  Chicago 
refused  to  accept  such  bonds  any  further. 

Thousands  of  arrests  and  thousands  of  convictions  have  re- 
sulted from  the  energetic  work  of  the  Internal  Revenue  i^ents 
in  this  field.  In  nearly  every  case  where  there  has  neen 
prosecution  there  has  been  a  conviction,  but,  regardless  of  all 
that  the  Revenue  men  have  been  able  to  do,  the  Government  has 
been  swindled  out  of  many  millions  of  dollars,  for  the  butter 
moonshiners  have  been  so  clever  that  some  of  them  have  gone 
for  years  without  detection. 

One  illustration  of  this  may  be  sufficient.  It  was  apparent 
to  the  Government,  from  the  amount  of  oleo  that  a  large 
merchant  in  a  Middle  Western  State  bought  and  the  laive 
quantity  of  butter  that  he  sold,  that  he  was  moonshining.  The 
agents  watched  him  for  a  year  or  more,  but  could  not  discover 
how  he  operated. 

Once  when  the  merchant  was  absent  from  town  they  deter- 
mined to  make  a  search  of  his  home,  which  was  in  the  outskirts 
of  the  city.  The  grounds  were  extensive.  There  was  a  fine  resi- 
dence, a  big  bam,  and  various  outbuilding^s. 

The  Internal  Revenue  people  searched  the  house  from  cellar 
to  garret.  They  searched  the  outbuildings  from  top  to  bottom. 
Then  they  went  over  each  building  once  more.  They  discovered 
nothing. 

They  were  utterly  disgusted  and  were  leaving  the  place  when 
in  going  down  the  back  stairs  from  the  merchant's  home  to  the 
yard  one  of  the  agents  tripped.  In  falling  he  grabbed  a  post, 
and,  by  chance,  touched  a  spring  that  drew  oack  a  section  of  the 
concrete  walk  and  showed  a  stairway  leading  to  a  cellar.  The 
agent  went  into  this  cellar,  and,  passing  through  subterranean 
passages,  finally  came  to  a  big  room  fitted  with  elaborate 
machmery,  electrically  driven. 

Further  sesuvh  showed  that  there  was  an  elevator  electrically 
operated  from  this  subterranean  factory  to  the  fioor  of  the  great 
bam,  and  that  when  the  mertthant  sent  his  teams  to  his  place  hi 
the  outskirts  of  the  town,  ostensibly  to  rest  for  the  night,  the 
wagons  were  loaded  with  oleo,  and  when  the  wagons  went  1>ack 
to  town  in  the  moniing  they  were  loaded  with  oleomargarine 
colored  to  represent  butter,  prodwred  in  a  factory  which  worke«l 
only  at  night,  and  whose  existence  was  not  even  suspectetl  by 
the  persons  living  near  by. 

W  hen  the  farmers  permit  the  enactment  of  a  reasonable  oleo- 
margarine law,  there  will  be  an  end  to  moonshine  butter  and 
mcMinshine  cheese,  for  clieese  is  made  out  of  the  oleo  colored 
butter  and  palmed  off  as  the  prcxhict  of  the  dairy. 

Between  mo<mshine  whisky,  "  dope,"  and  moonshine  butter 
the  Internal  Revenue  man  lea<lK  a  busy  life,  and  was  never 
busier  tlian  he  is  t«vday. 


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THE   OUTLOOK 


27  November 


WEEKLY  OUTLINE  STUDY  OF 
CURRENT  HISTORY 

BY   J.  MADISON  GATHANY,  A.M. 

HOPE  STRBBT  HICH   SCHOOL.  PROVIDENCE,  ■.  I. 

Baaed  on  The  Outlook  of  November  20, 1918 

Each  week  on  Ontline  Stndr  of  Carrent  Ristorr  baaed  on  the  preceding  nomber  of  The  Outlook  will 
be  printed  for  the  benefit  of  current  events  olanes,  debating  olubs,  teachers  of  history  and  of  Bng:lish,  and 
the  like,  and  for  lue  in  the  home  and  by  inch  individual  readen  as  may  desire  sngfKestions  in  the  serious 
study  of  current  history.— Thk  Editobh. 

[Those  who  are  naing  the  weekly  ontline  should 
not  attempt  to  cover  the  whole  of  an  ontline  in  any 
one  lesson  or  study.  Assign  for  one  lesson  selected 
questions,  one  or  two  propositions  for  discussion, 
and  only  such  words  as  are  found  in  the  material 
assigned.  Or  distribute  selected  questions  among 
different  members  of  the  class  or  group  and  have 
them  report  their  findings  to  all  when  assembled. 
Then  have  all  discuss  the  questions  together.] 


I — INTKRNATIONAL    AFFAIR8 

A.  Topic:  Victorious  Peace;  Tlie  Armi- 
stice ;  Germany's  Menace  from  Within  ; 
Peace  and  the  CJoUapse  of  Autocracy. 

Reference:  Pages  441-443 ;  447,  448. 
Qiiestions  : 

1.  What  is  an  armistice?  Compare' this 
armistice  with  the  ordinary  one.  2.  Discuss : 
"  The  terras  are  hard,  bat  justly  so." 
3.  Discuss  the  great  danger  of  any  move- 
ment that  tries  to  make  easy  the  terms  of 
peace  for  Germany.  We  have  won  the  war. 
Is  it  possible  to  lose  the  peace?  Discuss 
carefully.  4.  Present  evidence  for  or  against 
the  following :  "  There  has  been  a  change 
of  front  fin  Germany],  a  change  of  face, 
but  not  the  least  change  of  heart."  Have 
the  German  people  expressed  any  regret 
or  given  any  proof  of  remorse  for  the 
crimes  Germany  committed  in  this  war? 
5.  Discuss  the  necessity  of  surrounding 
Grermany  with  such  barriers  that  for  a  long 
time  to  come  she  cannot  be  a  menace  to 
democracy  and  the  human  race.  6.  What 
are  tlie  points  made  by  The  Outlook  in  its 
discussion  of  Germany  s  menace  from  with- 
in ?  7.  Autocracy  in  Germany  has  been 
destroyed.  A  different  brand  of  despotism 
may  be  set  up.  Germany  is  to  have  a  Con- 
stitutional Convention  to  "  settle  finally  the 
future  form  of  government."  Write  out 
some  valuable  points  of  advice  for  the  Ger- 
man people.  8.  Dr.  Abbott  says  (page  447) 
that  "  the  autocrats  who  ruled  Germany 
and  Austria  were  fools."  Does  he  prove 
it?  Show  why  or  why  not.  9.  He  also  says 
that  "  the  desire  for  liberty  is  not  confined 
to  any  class  or  to  any  race,  or  even  to  any 
age."  Show  from  the  history  of  various 
nations  that  this  is  so.  10.  D^  you  believe 
that  "  history  is  nothing  but  the  working 
out  of  His  [God's]  plan  in  human  affairs  " .' 
Dr.  Abbott  does.  Illustrate  your  answer. 
11.  Read  "  The  World  War  and  Leadershi]) 
in  a  Democracy,"  by  R.  T.  Ely  (Mar- 
millan) ;  "  The  Course  of  Christian  His- 
tory," by  W.  J.  McGlothlin  (Macmillan) : 
"  A  Hi.story  of  Politics,"  by  Edward  Jenks 
(Dutton). 

B.  Topic :  Weary  Watches  ;  Preach  Mod- 

esty ;  Some  Duties  of  Peace. 
Befereiice :   Pages    458  460:    450,    451; 

440,447. 
Qxtestiom  : 

Note. — Read  the  references  in  the  order 
given.  1.  Compare  Great  Britain's  naval 
services  in  this  war  with  those  of  the 
United  States.  What  conclusions  do  you 
reacli?  2.  Name  and  describe  the  means 
of  mastering  the  Gennan  submarines  men- 
tioned by  Mr.  Mason.  3.  Describe  also  the 
Methods  of  hunting  the  submarines  used 


in  this  war.  4.  Give  several  reasons  why 
it  would  be  well  for  Americans  to  speak 
modestly  of  America's  part  in  this  war. 
~\  What  duties  of  peace  does  The  Outlook 
discuss  ?  Give  voor  opinion  of  ThefOutlook's 
discussion  of  tnese  duties.  6.  You  certainly 
will  enjoy  and  be  benefited  by  reading 
«  The  Silent  Watchers,"  by  Bennett  Cop- 
plestoue  (Dutton)  ;  "  Secrets  of  the  Sub- 
marine," by  M.  F.  Hay  (Dodd,  Mead) ; 
"The  Fighting  Fleets,'^'  by  R.  D.  Paine 
(Houghton  Mifflin). 

II — NATIOKAL  ATVAIHS 

A.  Topic:  The  Nation  at  School. 
Reference:  Editorial,  pages  448,  449. 
Questions : 

1.  What  public  questions  does  The 
Outlook  mention  which  must  be  deaded 
in  the  near  future?  How  would  you  have 
each  of  tiiese  decided  ?  Tell  why.  2.  Name 
several  other  questions  that  will  soon  have 
to  be  decided.  Tell  how  you  think  these 
should  be  settled.  3.  In  what  respects  do 
the  people  decide  public  questions  ?  Illus- 
trate. 4.  What  objections  are  there  to  hav- 
ing public  questions  decided /or  Uie  people 
by  experts?  5.  What  does  The  Outlook 
mean  by  self-government?  Why  does  it 
believe  that  no  government,  however  good, 
is  any  substitute  for  self-government?  6. 
The  Outlook  believes  that  we  need  and 
should  welcome  the  opinions  of  even  illiter- 
ates and  prejudiced  emotionalists.  Tell, 
with  reasons,  why  you  do  or  do  not  agree 
with  The  OuUook. 

B.  Topic:  Andrew  Dickson  White. 
Reference:  Pages  449,  460. 
Qttestions : 

1.  Give  reasons  why  Dr.  Wliite  was  a 
very  valuable  citizen.  2.  Look  up  farther 
his  public  services  and  report  what  you 
find.  3.  Wliat  was  Dr.  White's  philosophy 
of  life?  Explain.  Has  every  person  a' 
philosophy  of  living?  Discuss  at  length.  4. 
Do  you  believe  tiiat  only  those  who  try  to 
shape  public  opinion  and  action  are  pa- 
triotic ?  Give  reasons.  5.  A  very  important 
series  of  brief  and  vivid  biographies  entitled 
"  True  Stories  of  Great  Americans  "  should 
be  read  by  every  young  American.  The 
Macmillan  Company  publishes  them. 

Ill — PKOP08ITION8   FOK   DISCUSSION 

(These  propositions  are  suggested  directly  or  indi- 
tectly  by  the  subject-matter  of  The  Outlook,  but 
not  aiscnssed  in  it.) 

1.  There  are  forces  at  work  in  America 
that  are  in  conflict  with  the  purposes  of 
our  Nation.  2.  But  few  people  know  wliat 
democracy  really  is. 

IV — VOCABULABT   BDILDINQ 

(AU  of  the  following  words  and  expressions  are 
found  in  The  Outlook  for  November  20, 1918.  Both 
before  and  after  looking  them  up  in  the  dictionary  or 
elsewhere,  (pve  their  meaning  in  your  otcn  words. 
The  figures  m  parentheses  refer  to  pages  on  which 
the  words  may  be  found.) 

Repatriated,  intact,  treaty  (441)  ;  apocry- 
phal (447)  ;  boomerang,  TNT  (4')9);  hyino- 
chondriac,  eccentricities,  ennui  (460) ; 
illiterates,  civic  good  (449). 


A  boolclet  sugffestinff  methods  of  using  the  Weekly  Outline  of  Current  History  icill  be  sent  on  application 


A   HYMN  FOR  THE   WAR 

Despatches  in  the  daily  press  announce 
the  death  of  the  Right  Rev.  William  Boyd- 
Otrpenter  in  Lon^n.  He  was  Bishop  of 
Ripon,  bat  in  1911  retired  from  the  activitiex 
of  the  bishopric  and  took  up  the  less  exjtrt- 
ing  duties  ofthe  Canon  of  Westmii/lBter.  His 
tastes  were  distinctly  literary.  He  wms  a 
graduate  of  Cambridge  University  and  was 
known  as  a  writer  and  speaker  outside  of 
the  distinctive  field  i^  church  work.  In 
1904  and  1913  he  visited  this  country  as  a 
special  lecturer  of  Harvard  University.  A 
friend  of  The  Outlook,  noticing  the  an- 
nouncement of  his  death,  sends  as  the  fol- 
lowing hymn,  which  was  written  by  Dr. 
Boyd-Carpenter,  saying :  "  Since  my  son 
has  been  at  tlie  front  in  France  I  have  kept 
a  hymn  written  by  the  Canon  in  my  prmyer- 
book  and  have  used  it  as  a  prayer.  I 
thought  that  in  noticing  his  death  you  might 
wish  to  reprint  it,  and  that  many  others 
would  be  as  glad  to  have  it  as  I  aiu."  It  is 
entitled  «  A  Hymn  for  the  War." 

O  God,  the  strength  of  those  whq  war. 
The  hope  of  those  who  wait. 

Be  with  our  sons  gone  forth  to  ^ght. 
And  those  who  keep  the  gate. 

We  drew  the  sword  to  keep  our  troth 

Free  from  dishonor's  stain. 
Make  strong  our  hands  to  shield  the  weak 

And  their  just  cause  maintain. 

Give  to  oar  hosts  in  battle's  hour 
Firm  hearts  and  courage  high  ; 

Thy  comfort  give  to  those  who  ull, 
Thy  peace  to  those  who  die. 

Breathe  on  our  land  the  spirit  calm 
Which  faith  in  right  oestows. 

And  in  the  hours  of  dark  suspense 
A  faith  which  stronger  g^ws. 

In  Thee  alone  we  place  our  hope, 

Thou  Keeper  of  the  just. 
And  Thou,  through  fight  and  fire  and  fears 

Wilt  justify  our  trust. 

Thy  ways  are  wonderful,  O  Grod, 
Who  makest  wars  to  cease  ; 

O  let  this  be  the  final  war 

That  ushers  in  Thy  peace ! 

THE  POWER   OF   RIGHT 

BY   TUEODOBE    MABBURC 

Mr.  Marburg  was  one  of  the  orgsaaxera  of  t^ 
League  to  Enforce  Peace  and  is  among  the  best 
known  of  American  publicists. — Thk  Editoiiii. 

Long  before  the  United  States  entered 
the  war  some  of  as  ventured  to  express  the 
fact  tliat,  while  wrong  often  triumphs 
locally,  wrong  universuly  recognized  as 
such  could  not  triumph ;  that  to  doabt  it 
was  to  deny  that  reason  ordered  the  uni- 
verse. Was  there  ever  a  more  striking 
instance  of  this  truth  than  in  the  persons 
of  two  men — the  ex-Emperor  of  Germany 
and  King  Albert? 

Emperor  William  scorned  the  Belgian 
King  as  wholly  incapable  of  opposing  sar- 
cessrully  the  will  of  the  mighty  Gennan 
Empire.  He  bade  Albert  stand  aside  or  he 
would  force  his  way  through  his  little 
Kingdom.  This  threat  he  earned  oat  to  the 
accompaniment  of  blood  and  lust  and  cruel 
oppression.  But  back  of  the  Kingdom  of 
Belgium  was  the  kingjdom  of  God ;  and 
what  is  the  position  of  the  two  men  to-dar  ? 
Albert  re-enters  his  beautiful  capital,  wkilr 
Belgium  is  crowned  with  undying  buae  as 
having  done  a  "  bi^er  thing  than  Tlier- 
mopyue."  The  ex-Emperor  is  a  ftwitivc 
on  uie  face  of  the  earth.  Is  there  w  the 
whole  of  history  a  more  convincing  example 
of  the  power  of  right  ? 


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IS  IT  AN  ESSENTIAL? 

A  "JOHN   MARTIN"   LETTER  AND  A  SERIOUS   ANSWER 


John  Miirtin'a  Study.  Ftbruary  S,  191S. 


My  dear  Mr.  • 

I  am  ttilclmj  the  liberty  qfaxl'iiif/  you  a  direct  qiwution^fveliHg  »ure  you  will 
give  me  uj'rmtk  anstt'er  : 

III  these  days  when  our  patriotic  thovght  and  effort  is 
given  to  the  production  of  necetaitiet,  hat  ^*  John  Martin's 
Book"  a  right  to  continued  eristence  and  further  growth  * 

Could  my  time  and  that  of  my  associates,  the  labor  and  money  put  into  2>ro- 
during  this  magazine  be  othencise  expended  in  our  Country's  service  to  better 
purfMse  *  You  know  John  Martin's  Boitk  and  have  doubtless  discerned  that 
our  jxAicy  is  to  give  to  the  children  of  the  land  the  best  that  heart,  miiul,  and 
means  can  give.  Back  of  this  motive  I  have  held  the  immovable  belief  that  our 
magazine  was  especially  needed  by  children  during  their  early  and  impression- 
able years.  I  am  sure  that  we  give  them  happiness,  and  that  we  do  direct  their 
lives  into  habits  ofJtonor,  fearlessness,  good  taste,  and  self-respect. 

Am  I  wrong  in  believing  that  now,  in  these  days  ofcorfusUm  and  destruc- 
tion, more  than  ever  there  is  need  of  such  a  constructive  influence  in  the  lives  of 
our  children  f 

My  question  is  not  rhetorical.  It  is  a  real  request  as  man  to  man,  for  an 
honest  opinion.  John  Martin  s  Book  is  prospering  and  we  believe  it  can  be 
successfully  carried  through  these  difficult  days.  But,  is  it  right  that  it  should 
be  *  I  want  your  opinion  because  I  respect  and  value  it,  and  I  shall  be  guided 
by  it.  Von  will  know  best  how  to  enlighten  me.  May  I  iisk  you  to  do  so  at  your 
early  convenience  *  Respectfully  yours, 

John  Martin. 


.■c*^" 


IT   IS  AN  ESSENTIAL 

BY   W.    LIVINGSTON   LARNED 

Rfprinlril  hy  pennhtion  /r»in  "  Sfw  York  AtlrertUing  yew*  " 


AFTER  thw  country  declare<l  war 
with  Germany  there  went  fortli  a 
letter  to  a  group  of  men  and  women 
whose  wisdom  and  judgment  the 
writer  evidently  respected. 

It  was  n-ritten  bv  Jolin  Martin. 

And  Jolm  Martin  put  a  straight  question 
to  us.  He  wanted  to  know  what  we  thought 
of  his  magazine.  Was  it  fair  to  assume  tliat 
•lohn  Martin's  Book  came  under  the  head 
uf  an  "  essential "  during  war  time  ?  Had 
tlie  magazine  a  just  right  to  keep  on  exist- 
ing? Did  it  deserve  the  support  of  all  con- 
cerned? With  sudden  death  and.world- 
disauieting  problems  a<Irift,  should  the 
publication  go  on  as  before  ?  Had  it  a  right 
to  expect  the  support  of  parents  and  those 
who  love<I  children  ?  I  have  no  way  of  know- 
ing wliat  the  others  said  in  their  replies  to 
Jolin  Martin,  although  I  fancy  I  can  guess. 

For  my  part  I  wrote  a  note  from  tlte 
very  heart  of  me.  I  certainly  DID  consider 
John  ^lartin's  Book  an  essential.  It  was 
more  than  a  mere  essential — it  was  indis- 
pensable. I  didn't  see  how  MY  two  chil- 
dren could  possibly  get  along  without  it. 
John  Martin  would  be  COMPELLED  to 
continue  hix  Book  because  if  he  missed  an 
issue  my  youngsters  would  dissolve  in  thin 
air.  It  was  part  of  them.  They  could  dispense 
with  it  about  as  easily  as  they  could  dis- 
pense with  air,  or  cookies,  or  milk,  or  sleep. 

.Fohn  Martin  has  built  a  magazine  of 
almost  uncanny  worth.  It  isn't  easv  to 
write  "kid  stuff."  Ever  try  it?  What  chil- 
dren WILL  read  and  what  thev  will  NOT 
read  is  a  delicately  poised  problem  in  liter- 
ary construction.  A  bookman  once  told  me, 
as  he  pointed  to  vast  chunks  of  child  litera- 
ture, that  only  here  and  there  was  tliere  a 
REAL  children's  book.  Much  of  the  mate- 
rial produce<l  SEEMED  to  be  proof 
n);ainst  the  whims  of  kiddies,  but  it  broke 
<lown  after  the  first  quick  getaway.  Children 
luive  a  weird  discrimiimtiun.  They  seem 
to  sense  when  a  piece  of  sn])ei-ficiRl  shoddy 
is  being  foisted  upon  them.  You  muxt  write 


from  the  heart  to  tlie  heart  when  you  write 
for  children.    They  are  seldom  deceived. 

Publishers  of  books  for  boys  and  ^Is 
luive  a  running  fight  with  this  situaUon. 
Hundreds  of  juvenile  stories  are  issued. 
One  or  two  make  good. 

Now  John  Martin's  Book  is  an  odd,  hu- 
man, lovable  little  magazine.  It  talks  to 
children  in  their  own  language  of  heart  and 
fancy.  It  cuddles  without  coddling,  and  has 
sweet  sentiment  with  no  cloying  sentimen- 
tality. John  Martin  reaUy  loves  children, 
and  that  probably  accounts  for  the  very 
pronounced  success  of  his  work.  He  never 
strikes  a  false  note.  The  verses  and  lilting, 
swinging  whimsical  conceits  are  as  unaf- 
fectM  as  the  picture-frieze  in  a  nursery. 
His  editoriak  can  only  be  compared  to  liu- 
labies  of  comfort  and  promise.  My  children 
snuggle  up  to  the  current  issue  of  John 
Martm's  Book  and  sit  there,  breatlilessly 
entranced,  while  he  spins  his  wonder  yams. 

Moreover,  Jolm  Martin  writes  and  draws 
special  advertisements  for  national  ac- 
counts in  his  magazine.  They  are  as  indi- 
vidualistic and  as  interesting  as  th'e  body  of 
the  book.  Sometimes  they  are  much  better, 
as  salesmanship,  than  the  material  prepared 
for  grown-ups  by  high-priced  experts,  who 
go  about  with  portfolios  of  plans. 

Now,  more  tlian  ever,  we  need  the  con- 
structive but  soothing  spirit  of  a  John  Mar- 
tin's Book  for  our  babies.  War  has  crowde<l 
in  upon  them  too  seriously — ^too  terrify- 
ingly.  The  hardening  effect  of  war  miixt 
be  counteracted  by  mst  such  an  influence 
as  John  Martin's  Book.  Through  every 
number  runs  a  careful,  beautiful  skein  of 
patriotism,  like  stars  in  a  flag.  Now  an<l 
again  our  kiddies  fall  asleep  to  the  mihl 
call  of  the  bugle  or  the  march  of  toy  sol- 
dier's feet. 

Yes,  .John  Martin,  your  magazine  IS  an 
essential.  By  popular  vote  the  a\'es  have  it. 
(jiood-night!  It  is  bed-time.  My  kiddies 
are  calhng  for  Daddv  and  their  JOHS 
MARTjyS  BOOK. 


John  Martin's 

BOOK 

TIk  CHILD'S  Magazine 

Children  who  have  JOHN 
MARTIN'S  BOOK  aT«  given 
in  the  fullest  measure  of  their 
hearts'  desires.  It  is  the  very 
Voice  of  Childhood,  merry, 
hopeful,  helpful  and  sponta- 
neous. Arranged  for  cliildren  from  three 
to  ten  years  of  age. 

IT  LS  jr.ST    WHAT    YOl'    WAHTBD    WHEX    .A 
CHILD.   IT  IS  JIST  THE   MAOAZINE  QIIIUD- 

HOOD    SEEPS    err    sever  before   w.is 

(IIVES    rSTIL    JOHS     MARTIS     COSCEIVEII 


ASP    DBVELOPED    THIS    IDEAL    BOOK 
LITTLE   CHltbRE^ 


FOR 


A  YEAR'S  SUBSCRIPTION  GIVES 

Countless  pictures  Nature  and  History 

in  color  and  line  Bible  Stories 
Games  to  Play       Fables  and  Myths 
Things  to  Do  Poetry  and  Jingles 

Songs  to  Sing        Classic  Tales 
Plays  to  Act  Clean  Fun  and  Nonsense 

Fairy  Tales  Puzzles  and  Plans 

and  a  host  more  surprises  aiid  delights  in 
endless  variety,  all  with  a  wholesome  and 
helpful  delight  to  the  children. 

JOHN   MARTIN'S   BOOK 

U  a  NECESSITY  and  not  a  LUXURY 

In  thtte  day>  <f  war't  dtstrvction  it  it  omutructivf, 
character  buildtng,  and  makes  fine  Utile  American 
citizfna  AND 

every  little  subecriber  reoeires  from  John  Martin  a 
merry  "  Introdnction  Letter"  telling  that  you,  the 
donor,  send  the  gift ;  in  addition  the  children 
receive  pretty  HOLIDAY  and  CHRLSTMAS 
CARDS.  lu  tact,  DOthinfr  that  adds  to  the  per$onat 
delight  o£  The  Book  is  forgotten. 


LESS  THAN  ONE 
CENT  A  DAY  IF 
YOU  USE  THE 
COUPON  BELOW. 

SPECLU.  14 
MONTHS'   OFFER 


KQIflCQ^IQa 


The  Out/imk  Ailrertisiny  Section 


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THE   OUTLOOK 


27  Noyemlier 


This  mndiive  knoHT: 

Noddiis  will  be 
exac^  as  it  was. 


It's  trite  to  say  we  think   now   in    social 
terms,  national  terms,  world  terms. 

But  it's  still  mighty  uncommon  actually  to 
think  what  we  say  we  think. 


Nevertheless  we  know  it's  going  to  be 
somewhat  different.     Business  particularly. 

For  instance,  our  Government  dealing  now 
with  an  industry,  deals  with  all  the  men  in 
it — in  ^  group.  On  the  principle  of  collec- 
tive bargaining— though  not  exactly  like  it. 

And  our  Government  will  probably  keep 
on  dealing  with  groups  and  to  expect  them 
actually  to  be  groups,  with  group  conscious- 
ness and  group  machinery. 

Foreign  Governments  are  already  so 
organizing. 

As  the  World  goes  on,  it's  inevitable. 


What  group  machinery  have  you? 

If  it  was  already  made  when  the  call  came, 
did  it  work  to  suit  you  and  the  War  Indus- 
tries Board? 


If  you  made  it  for  the  emergency,  what  will 
happen  to  it  after  the  stress  is  over? 

Or  perhaps  you  have  it  still  to  fashion. 

Indeed  it  is  true  that  the  real  strain  is  to 
come.  It's  easy  enough  to  co-operate  when 
you  have  to. 

This  leads  to  a  statement  of  our  business. 

We  build  group,  machinery  for  industries, 
and  keep  it  going  after  we  build  it. 

We  did  this  long  before  groups  became  a 
matter  of  federal  necessity. 

When  the  pinch  came  the  groups  we  serve 
were  ready. 

Example:  When  the  War  Industries  Board 
wanted  to  cut  the  number  of  styles  and 
sizes  of  one  group's  product  they  found  us 
already  doing  it— 85  per  cent  of  useless  pat- 
terns cut  off. 

What  were  they  but  the  babies  of  blind 
competition  ? 

We  did  this  because  it  paid  —  benefited 
everybody,  from  manufacturer  to  consumer. 


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Standardization  does  pay,  you  know,  if  it's  done 
"k'ht.  

We  were  "serving  groups,  building  their  group 
machinery  and  keeping  it  going,  long '  before 
the  War  started.  We  mil  be  doing  it  long  after 
the  War  is  won. 

Our  service  seems  to  be  more  valuable  just  now 
because  it  handles  so  many  things  that  the  Gov- 
ernment desires. 

But  the  problems  of  industry  really  are  not  dif- 
ferent now,  or  new — ^it  is  only  that  the  War  has 
made  them  obvious. 

So,  our  service  will  continue  of  great  value  dur- 
ing reconstruction — and  long  after. 


If  you  need  to  act  as  a  group  now,  and  have  no 
group  machinery — 

If  you  have  machinery  but  find  that  it  shows 
centrifugal  strain — 

We  can  serve  you  providing  all  or  part  of  your 
potential  gjroup  Want  to  be  served  or  will  agree 
to  be  served. 

Even  a  minority,  if  active,  can  convince  a  slower- 
moving  majority.  And  it's  part  of  our  work  to 
help  convince. 

We  want  to  talk  with  men  who  see  the  usefulness 
and  inevitableness  of  group  machinery. 

This  much  we  know :  Nothing  will  be  exactly 
as  it  was. 

You  need  group  action  to  keep  up  with  the  world. 

Speaking  more  directly  from  your  individual 
point  of  view,  you,  as  a  manufacturer,  may  agree 
that  you  will  advance  faster  if  you  find  it  un- 
necessary continually  to  glance  back  over  your 
shoulder  at  your  competitors. 

That  also  is  a  matter  we  attend  to. 


A  letter  from  you  to  us  may  result  in  great  service 
to  you  and  your  industry. 


•^^  WHOSE      /yr 

Pf^ODUCTS  V 

MANUFACTURED        ^ 
MARKETED  AND  SOlT) 
IN  STRICT  ACCORD 
WITH  A  SPIRIT  OF  fAIRNESb 
TO  EMPIOYEE  .    , 
3MPf  TnOR  AND  PURcAASFR 
JtLDNOCREATtRSURtnr. 
OF  SUPREME  OUAUTY     ' 


Thtfiri  t  and  only 
mhtuttm  tfiu  kind 


Annstfumg  Bmean  of  Related  Iniliistiies 


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THE   OUTLOOK 


27  November 


THE    NATION'S 

INDUSTRIAL 

PROGRESS 

Believinp;  that  the  advance  of  bnfflneffi  is  a  subject 
of  vital  interest  and  importance.  The  Outlook  will 
present  under  the  above  heading  frequent  dis- 
cussions of  subjects  of  industrial  and  commercial 
interest.  This  department  will  include  pan^raphs 
of  timely  interest  and  articles  of  educational  viuae 
dealing  with  the  industrial  upbuilding  of  the 
Nation.     Conunent  and    suggestions  are  invited. 

GOOD  ROADS  A  NATIONAL 
NECESSITY  AFTER  THE  WAR 

BY   G.    A.    KISSEL 
President  Kissel  Motor  Car  Company 

Without  a  doubt,  every  city  or  town  has 
had  brought  home  to.  it  the  value  of  good 
roads  and  improved  highways.  8iii«e  the 
United  States  entered  the  war  the  railways 
have  been  gradually  devoting  more  and 
more  of  their  equipment  to  Government 
requirements,  thus  leaving  millions  of  tons 
of  goods  and  supplies  for  home  consump- 
tion to  be  transported  and  delivered  as  best 
they  can.  Thus  cities  whose  highway  com- 
missioners had  the  foresight  to  put  tlirough 
good  roads  measures  and  see  that  they  were 
carried  through  had  little  or  no  difficulty 
in  coping  with  these  unexpected  transpor- 
tation problems.  In  sucn  localities  ihe 
motor  truck   took   up   the   transportation 

Sroblems  with  no  loss  of  time  and  with  a 
elivery  and  haulage  expense  tiiat  was  not 
any  greater  than  me  rate  paid  the  rail- 
ways, if  it  was  not  lower. 

But  it  is  those  cities  and  towns  which 
have  let  the  good-roads  problems  go  by, 
which  have  paid  no  attention  to  them,  tliat 
are  facing  acute  haulage  problems.  These 
are  the  municipalities  whose  merchants 
have  great  diniculties  in  keeping  their 
shelves  full,  in  being  able  to  supply  the 
ordinary  wants  and  necessities  of  their 
trade.  These  are  the  municipalities  which 
all  of  a  sudden  were  shut  off  from  the 
source  of  supply,  and  as  a  result  have  to 
pay  higher  prices  for  goods  on  account  of 
the  increased  cost  of  transporting  them  to 
the  points  of  distribution. 

Tne  Unite*!  States  has  been  in  the  war 
for  over  a  year,  and  it  would  seem  that 
every  municipality  would  have  bv  this  time 
realized  the  necessity  of  building  good 
roads  to  meet  the  future  transportation 
demands  of  their  respective  localities.  It 
was  thought  at  one  time  that  the  railways, 
after  getting  from  under  the  first  onslaught 
of  Government  reauirements,  would  be  aole 
to  resume  the  handling  of  local  freight  ship- 
ments destined  for  home  consumption,  but 
time  has  proved  that  such  is  not  the  case. 
With  every  increase  in  railway  equipment 
which  factories  have  been  able  to  build,  a 
corresponding  increase  in  goods  to  be 
shipped  has  been  found  to  result  in  every 
part  of  the  country. 

Hence  the  bad  roads  municipality  has 
had  to  struggle  along,  its  mercnants  and 
business  men  paying  increased  expenses, 
which  in  the  end  are  generally  borne  by  the 
consumer  and  taxpayer. 

With  the  possinilitv  of  this  uncertainty 
on  the  part  of  the  railways  extending  well 
into  the  future,  it  is  my  opinion  that  every 
State  sliould  follow  tlie  example  of  that  of 
Illinois  in  making  plans  for  good  roads 
to  be  constructed  after  the  war.  Illinois 
intends  to  build  sixty  million  dollars' 
worth  of  good  roads.  It  is  estimated  tliat 
the  ])rincipal  and  interest  of  this  sixty- 
million-dollar  bond  issue   will  be  paid  m 


twenty-five  years  by  the  constantly  accu- 
mulating automobile  license  fees  in  the 
State  Treasurer's  hands.  Already  there  is 
more  than  $2,o(X),(K)0  available. 

Such  a  plan  insures  the  kind  of  high- 
ways and  byways  that  permit  economical 
transportation  of  goods  by  motor  trucks 
after  the  war,  and  at  a  tune  when  undoubt- 
edly the  entire  reconstructive  efforts  of  tlie 
Unite<l  States  will  be  concentrated  on  dev- 
astated Europe. 

Other  good  points  about  such  a  plan  are 
tliat  it  will  throw  open  jobs  for  thousands 
of  returned  soldiers,  engineers,  office  men, 
meclianics,  expert  road  men,  and  workmen 
of  every  caliber.  These  men  will  have  re- 
tume<l  from  "  over  there,"  where  they  have 
had  tlie  liest  experience  in  this  kind  of  work, 
and,  as  a  result,  their  work  should  be  of 
the  highest  character  and  redound  to  the 
credit  of  the  cities  employing  them. 

I  understand  that  recently  the  Minnesota 
good  roads  leaders  have  started  a  plan  or 
programme  along  this  line  for  their  cities, 
and  undoubtedly  the  Central  West  States 
will  soon  be  a  network  of  improved  high- 
ways, permitting  uninterrupted  and  eco- 
nomical travel  and  traffic  by  motor  cara  and 
motor  ti-ucks. 

One  of  the  great  lessons  at  home  which 
the  great  war  will  teach  is  that  of  good 
roads.  Ask  any  of  the  soldiers  from  "  over 
there  •"when  they  return  how  they  found 
the  roads  and  highways  of  Europe,  and  ask 
especially  the  engineers  and  membei's  of 
the  motor  corps  what,  in  their  estimation, 
was  one  of  the  greatest  advant^es  the 
Allies  had  in  the  transportation  of  food  and 
supplies,  and  they  will  state  that  outside  of 
a  never-ceasing  now  of  motor  trucks  and 
equipment  the  excellent  highways  and 
roads  permitte<l  the  uninterrupted  use  of 
this  equipment.  I  believe  it  b  up  to  us  to 
take  this  lesson  to  heart  and  apply  it  while 
we  have  time. 

FEEDING   WASHINGTON'S 

WAR    WORKERS   BY 

MOTOR    TRUCKS 

(From  the  "  Commercial  Car  Journal") 

Dump  a  hundred  tliousand  people  into 
an  average  sized  city  almost  over  night, 
and  there  develops  immediately  a  feeifing 
problem  that  calk  for  considerable  tliought 
and  some  veiy  efficient  action.  This  is 
practically  what  happened  to  Washington 
when  the  war  began,  for  the  tremendous 
war  programme  necessitated  a  correspond- 
ing increase  in  population  at  the  Nation's 
capital  as  the  various  departments  ex- 
panded and  new  ones  were  addeti.  Much 
has  been  written  about  the  organization  of 
the  commissary  forces  that  feed  our  im- 
mense army,  but  little  has  been  said  of  the 
unorganized  forces  that  have,  in  Washing- 
ton and  other  of  the  Nation's  chief  cities, 
met  the  sudden  demand  put  upon  them  by 
sudden  increases  in  population. 

The  answer  everywhere  is  the  same 
answer  that  ha.s  solved  many  of  the  most 
difficult  problems  met  with  in  this  colossal 
war  programme — the  commercial  car. 

Hurry-up  orders  for  trucks  came  from 
almost  every  big  provision  house  in  Wash- 
ington when  the  population  commenced  to 
grow  overnight  lite  those  old  bonanza  cities 
of  the  golden  days. 

Armour  &  Co.,  for  instance,  rushed  into 
service  three  big  Packards — afive-ton,three- 
ton,  and  two-and-a-half-ton.  These  are  in 
addition  to  the  five-ton  Packard  and  five 
Autocar  trucks  they  already  hml  in  service. 
Distributing  meat  jn-oihicts  to  over  six  hun- 


dred separate  markets  every  day  calls  for 
some  motor  trucks.  Manager  TrewheUa 
swears  by  the  trucks.  "  Wny,  we  simply 
couldn't  have  met  the  situation  with  horse- 
drawn  wagons,"  he  says. 

Not  only  have  the  trucks  been  used  for 
distribution,  they  have  also,  when  embar- 
goes threatened,  been  sent  out  many  miles 
to  get  meat  from  staUed  refrigerator  cars. 

It  has  been  the  same  with  all  tlie  \n^ 
packers — Swift  &  Co.,  Wilson  &  Co.,  Cud- 
ahy,  and  Kingan.  E^h  has  a4lde<l  mauv 
trucks  to  care  for  the  big  demand  for  foo<L 

The  wholesale  g^cery  companies  Lave 
all  added  to  tlieir  motor-truck  fleets,  anl 
even  the  small  matter  of  coffee  for  Wash- 
ington coffee-drinkers  (and  they  have  in- 
creased wonderfully  since  the  District 
went  dry)  means  the  use  of  from  two  to 
six  motor  trucks  all  the  time  by  one  con- 
cern, the  Martha  Washington  Coffee  Com- 
pany. Others  have  increased  also. 

The  Old  Dutch  Market  fleet,  familiar  to 
everj'  one  who  travels  Pennsylvania  Ave- 
nue any  time  of  day,  is  busy  nrom  moming 
till  night,  and  one  of  its  big  inclosed  body 
trucks  bringsoverninety  thousand  pounds  of 
fresh  meats  every  week  from  the  eoni}HUiy'4 
packing-house  at  Frederick,  Maryland. 

Farmers  within  a  radius  of  twenty  tuila 
of  Washington  bring  tons  upon  tons  of 
farm  produce  to  the  city's  markets  several 
times  a  week  in  their  trucks,  making  the 
trip  now  in  an  hour  that  used  to  take  tbem 
half  a  day  with  the  old  horse. 

Truly  Washington  would  be  hard  hit  if 
its  motor  trucks  were  suddenly  taken  away, 
and  food  distribution  would  suddenly  be- 
come a  tremendous  problem.  Washington 
motor-truck  dealers  have  reaped  a  rich 
harvest  because  of  war  conoitionB,  and 
have  supplied  the  demand  in  a  way  that 
reflects  credit  on  their  methods. 

TRUCKS    BIG    SUCCESS     IN 
HANDLING   MAIL 

(From  the  "  Commercial  Vehicle  ") 

Cross-country  operation  of  mail  motor 
trucks  is  proving  very  successful,  according 
to  .Tames  I.  Blakeslee,  Fourth  Assistant 
Postmaster-General.  One  track  roate  be- 
tween Washington  and  Philadelphia,  with- 
out direct  raU  connections  and  eosting 
$800  monthly  for  operation,  has  in  ofbt 
months  paid  a  monthly  revenue  of  SIS/SW. 
Another  route  into  Washington,  where 
twenty-eight  parcels  daily  were  moved  in 
die  first  inontn,  now  shows  a  ton  of  trafEf 
each  way  in  every  twenty-four  hoars.  Sev- 
enty lines  now  operate  over  the  coantry. 
all  out  one  east  of  the  Mississippi  River. 
Plans  are  being  made  for  a  complete  «-<- 
tem  that  brings  up  visions  of  JJSbOjOOOjWW 
yearly  revenue,  this  amount  being  esti- 
mated provided  the  entire  country  ia  once 
properly  established  with  a  network  of  roails 
and  truck  routes. 

Mr.  Blakeslee  plans  to  rebuild  the  tfaoo- 
sands  of  anny  ti-ucks  now  in  France  titter 
tlie  war,  and  to  utilize  these  also  for  thi« 
work. 

Nine  million  dollars  has  been  asked  ot 
Congress  for  next  year's  appropriations 
for  the  development  of  the  mad  txatk 
routes.  Three  hundred  thousand  doBars 
was  allowed  this  year.  Even  this  stnaO 
ainomit,  if  it  could  be  combined  with  the 
revenue  tliat  would  accrue  from  tlie  etxai^ 
lishinent  of  the  routes,  would  be  sufiicieDL 
However,  it  is  expected  tliat  the  rerenw 
will  continue  to  be  diverted  to  the  gient- t»J 
post  office  funds,  and  that  instead  Cungrvs 
will  pass  the  S9,(KK),U00  appropriation. 


Digitized  by  VJ^^^^V  IV^ 


1918 

A  BALLADE  OF   BEAUTIFUL 
HORSES 

BY    LAURA    F.   BEALL 

Tell  ine  in  what  shield-coverwl  tower 
Impatient  Sleipnir  waits  to  greet 
llie  dawn  of  Asrard's  battle  hour  ? 
In  what  star-radiant  retreat 
Does  P^asus,  the  wide-winged,  eat 
The  choice  of  heaven's  g^ranarv, 
Well  pleased  to  hear  the  Greeks  repeat 
His  prowess  in  their  poetry  ? 

Bucephalus,  too  fierce  and  stour, 

Till  love  had  made  his  pride  complete  ; 

He  from  whose  eyes  tliere  fell  a  shower 

Of  loving  tears  (or  else,  I  weet. 

His  poet  uses  much  deceit) 

To  grace  his  master's  obsequy  ; 

They  two  who  paced  old  London's  street, 

Wlute  Surrey  and  Roan  Barbary. 

Where   fee3  all  these?    With  him  whose 

power 
Brought  victory  and  slew  defeat 
At  Winchester  ?  What  tender  Hower 
Yields  delicate,  Elysiau  meat 
For  their  soft  muzzles,  satin  sweet? 
And  flashing  o'er  what  sunny  lea 
Dance  bay  Motilla's  dainty  feet, 
Clad  in  their  silver  bravery  ? 

l'envoi 

III  whatsoever  star  they  meet, 
Huw  glorious  soe'er  they  be, 
I  know  a  wise  horse,  fair  and  fleet, 
Worthy  that  noble  company. 


A   HAPPY   CORSICAN 

(From  tke  Philadelphia  "  Ledger") 

Said  the  knife-grinder  to  me  yesterday, 
speaking  of  the  conquest  of  Sedan  : 

"  I  kiss  the  Liberty  Bell.  I  don't  cry  for 
sorrow,  I  cry  for  joy. 

"  My  name  is  Joseph  Duval.  . 

"I  was  in  the  battle  of  Sedan  in  '70, 
under  MacMahon,  when  we  tried  to  relievo 
Bazaine  at  Metz  after  Gravelotte. 

*'  I  was  wounded  in  the  wrist,  in  the  foot, 
and  over  the  right  eye.  See  I  Hei-e — and 
here — and  here. 

"  I  saw  Bismarck  and  old  King  William, 
with  his  side-whiskers,  at  Se<lan. 

"  General  Ma<-Malion  surrendered  with 
Sl,000  of  us — and  my  cartridge  belt"  (he 
patted  his  waist  as  though  he  still  felt  it 
there)  *'  was  full. 

"  But  Napoleon  III  was  not  my  Emperor, 
from  luy  island.  I  am  a  Corsicaii.  I  was 
bom  fineen  miles  from  the  birthplac^e  of 
Napoleon. 

**  In  Corsica  everything  ik  little,  the  same 
as  we  are — tlie  cows,  the  hor«e»,  and  the 
hens. 

"  Napoleon  was  a  little  man,  like  me. 

"  I  could  eat  a  plate  of  soup  otf  my 
mother's  head  -  yet  you  see  how  little 
I  am.  All  little.  But  we  are  spunky. 
We  are  prowl.  Our  small  cattle  are  of 
power. 

"Take  a  horse  of  Toulon,  Mai-seilles,  or 
Paris,  and  take  one  of  his  shoes — you  could 
make  four  shoes  for  a  horeie  of  Corsica 
from  it.  You  could  put  one  of  our  horses 
in  your  pocket. 

"  But   -it  is  the  soul,  it  is  tlie  soul ! 

*'  It  has  taken  fifty  years  " — he  mopi>e<I 
his  weeping  eyes  with  a  rag  as  he  said  it, 
yet  his  voice  shrilled  to  an  apex  of  ela- 
tion. "  Fifty  years !   But  it  has  (^oiiie,  the 

vicrroRY!" 


THE   OUTLOOK 


511 


He  Will 

Come  Back  a  Better  Man! 

Uncle  Sam  is  giving  him  a  newer  and  better  equipment, 
in  mind  and  body— fitting  him  for  a  bigger,  finer  life 

WHEN  that  boy  of  yours  comes  marching  home  a  Victorious 
Crusader,  he  will  be  a  very  different  person  from  the  lad 
■you  bravely  sent  away  with  a  kiss,  a  tear  and  a  smile. 

He  will  be  strong  in  body,  quick  and  sure  in  action,  alert  and 
keen  in  mind,  firm  and  resolute  in  character,  calm  and  even- 
tempered. 

Self-control  and  self-reliance — ability  to  think  and  act  in 
emergencies — coolness  and  courage  in  time  of  stress  and  danger 
—such  will  be  the  product  of  his  training  and  experience. 

Neatness,  precision  in  detail  without  fuss  and  worry,  prompt- 
'iiess,  reliability,  scrupulous  integrity,  thoughtfulness  and  court- 
esy—  these  things  come  from  army  comradeship  and  discipline. 

A  broad-shouldered,  deep-chested,  square-jawed  YOUNG 
MAN  with  flashing  eyes  and  a  happy  smile — that's  who  will 
throw  himself  into  your  arms  when  "Johnny  Comes  Marching 
Home  Again." 

That's  who  is  coming  back  to  live  his  life  in  happiness  with  you. 

.And  in  his  hands — and  yours — lies  the  future  of  America. 

Help  him,  keep  him  happy  NOW — by  cheerful,  newsy  letters 
— for  your  sake — and  for  Uncle  Sam. 

COMMITTEE  ON  PUBLIC  INFORMATION 

S  Jackion  Place,   Waihingttn,  D.  C. 


0«w«>  Cfmt,Cha%rmmm 
Tha  OmilTT  •(  Statv 

Contributed  throush 
DiviiioD  of  AdTcrtiiins 


Th*  S*cr«larT  of  War 
Th«  SMrMarr  of  th*  Na*T 

I'liiird  Siatet  Gof't  Convn. 
or.  PuMtc  Inlotnution 


TAit  tpaet  contrihuteJ  {or  the  ff'inning  of  the  H'ar  by 

AMERICAN  TELEPHONE  &  TELEGllAPH  COMPANY,  NEW  YORK 


IF  you  are  in  the  habit  of  buying  The  Outlook  at  a  news-staiul,  it  will  \w  to 
your  advantage  to  plaee  a  Htandiiigr  order  with  your  newsdealer.  The  AN'ar 
Industries  B<iar(l  ha.s  re<jueste<l  publishers  to  diseontinue  the  aec«-ptaiiee  of  un- 
sold copies  from  newsdealers,  aii<l  in  eoiiforinity  with  that  re<niest  The  Outlook  is 
now  non-returnable.  To  prevent  loss,  thei-efore,  newsdealers  must  limit  their  ordei-s 
to  actual  sales.  Buyers  at  news-stands  may  eo-oi)erate  and  avoid  disapix)intinent 
by  giving  their  dealer  a  standing  order  ftu-  the  weekly  delivery  of  The  Outlook. 
TlIK   Ol'TLOOK   COMPANY 

What  15^  A  You  1g  Nation's  Capital 

\        llUA/H«toti.  #Atf  A»m«  n/  ihm  ^thUw^A^r  t»  /JU I  The  little  mittef  of  tSe  Id  lUinpt  or  coin  will  I.Hnir  you  ti.e  ■  PatMindet  IS 


Wtuhtngtotu  /A«  horn*  of  thm  t^th/ind*r,  1$  Iha 
nerve-centtr   of  civilUaUnn;    htUory  i»   Mnff 
mad*  at  thlt  wortd  cupttal.     Th*   PathAndtr't 
tllustrattd  w**kly  rrfirw  gifn  you  a  clear,  Im^ 
partial  and  corrrct  diagnatU  of  public  affairt 
\  during    Ihrw*   Mtrwnuous.    ep<ych  -  making    dayt. 


ttij^.  »hi'lr-.iiine.tlic  I'atlMi 
to  altuw  Itiat  yu 


iilr 


The  Utile  matter  of  tSe  lo  itainps  or  cniii  will  l>Hnfr  you  ttie  Bpathfindeff'tS 

vrrlf*  ontn*!.  TlfP-ithfirnIrrisan  ill'i«trur't  weekly,  publi'hf'l  at  tti*"  Nation's 
I  fftfrf'-r  tl  "  N  itiu", : ,,  put  th  il  pt'i-s  all  (lie  pets  oi  ■',.-  «..r'  t  n-i  I  tril  the 
tf'i'h  .Tilor.'v'T  tf  tli;  ti-.v  itii-  26thyr>r.  T'  is  p.ii«  f  t ''  "■>  ]  :*.,M...ut 
rn.i''\'irf  the  piir%e: 'l  f  .>st>d  l-'t  $1  a  vc-jr.   It  vou  want  to  i*-.*i>  f.^'r.,!  on  »i.hat 

1 5  k-  'Hif  on  In  tl'f  wor'  1.  at  llie  Ir  ,   t  eTi>e'"f  of  lime  on v.  iMnIs  yi>ue 

n  v.Mi  «  i"t  A  i>i|>crln  V"    r  hi-me  vhi.  h  l«  sin-erf.  rrli.,t.lf,  eotenain* 

ifreiti'i.  Sern!  1%% 


■^.   It  vi'ii  v.i.i,M,ii.iirr.  nff  n  i«ip»  r  « b      'i  piit^rveiv'    'ij  ■  |.  irly,  I  ii''y,  1  i  __ 

,„.h,.u„v,„„jy,,u,|jj^„cjMu-j-r^^  Th« Paaifinder,  Box  37.Wa*liiiigtoa,D.C 


Digitized  by  VJ^^VJ 


gle 


512 


THE  OUTLOOK 


27  NoTOBlirt 


FINANCIAL    DEPARTMENT 


All  legitimate  questions  from  Outlook  readers  about  investment  securities  will  be  answered  either  by  personal  letter  ot 
in  these  pages.  The  Outlook  cannot,  of  course,  undertake  to  guarantee  against  loss  resulting  from  any  specific  invett- 
ment.  Therefore  it  will  not  advise  the  purchase  of  any  specific  security.  But  it  will  give  to  inquirers  facts  of  reootd  or 
information  resulting  from  expert  investigation,  leaving  the  responsibility  for  final  decision  to  the  investor.  And  it  wOl 
admit  to  its  pages  only  those  financial  advertisements  which  after  thorough  expert  scrutiny  are  believed  to  be  worthy  of 
confidence.   All  letters  of  inquiry  r^^rding  investment  securities  should  be  addressed  to 

THE  OUTLOOK  FINANCIAL  DEPARTMENT.  381  Fourth  Avenue.  New  York 


liiiiiliH^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 


How  to  Turn  $1000 
Into  $1600 

AN  investment  of  $1000  in  a  ten-year  first  mortgage  6^^ 
bond,  safeguaitled  under  the  Straus  Plan,  will  yield  a 
total  return  of  $1600  in  principal  and  interest. 

If  you  want  a  security  maturing  sooner,  you  have  a  choice 
fi:Y>m  ten  down  to  two  years,  as  the  bonds  mature  serially. 

War-Tested  Safety 

These  well-secured  bonds  have  proven  their  safety  and  stability 
in  value  through  four  years  of  vrar-time  conditions.  As  they 
are  issued  in  denominations  of  $100,  $500,  and  $1,000,  they  are 
suitable  for  investments  of  any  amount. 

We  offer  a  well  diversified  list  of  sound  bonds  which  have  been 
passed  by  the  Capital  Issues  Committee  as  not  incompatible  with 
the  national  interests.  Write  today  for  our  booklet,  "Safety 
and  6<^,"and  for 

Circular  No.  L-805 

»MSTMAUS  ^  CO. 


BMablUhcd  1812 

NEW  YORK 

150  Broadway 
DrntoiT  MiNNEAPOus 

ftBobtcw  Bide.  Loeb  Amdc  Bld|. 


Incorporated 

CHICAGO 

Straus  Building 
San  FnANasco  Philadelphia 

Crocker  BIdf.  Stock  Exchange  BUf^ 


Thirty-six  Years  'Without  Loss  to  Any  Investor 


Ml 


•'•iiJi 


Digitized  by 


oogle 


1918 


THE   OUTLOOK 


513 


THE    FINANCIAL   WORLD 


THE  BOND  MAHK£T 

TH  E  bond  market  continues  very  strong 
and  active.  A  recent  issue  of  the 
'*  Wall  Street  Journal "  publishes  a 
list  of  twenty-five  representative  rail- 
tray    bonds,  with   comparative  prices   for 
1917  and  1918. 

Practically  all  classes  of  bonds  have 
joined  in  the  upward  movement,  witli 
iiecond-grade  investment  rails  in  the  lead. 
While  rails  as  a  class  have  Wl  a  remark- 
able rise,  the  "  Journal "  states  that  bank- 
ers generally  believe  that  with  the  return 
of  cheap  money  there  is  room  for  much 
further  advance.  There  are  many  issues 
which  have  yet  to  feel  tlie  full  impulse  of 
the  change  in  economic  conditions. 

The  list  of  twenty-five  railway  bonds 
follows : 

.  1917  1918 

lane  Jan.  18  Sap.  27.  Nor.  9.  Adr. 

Atchison  Ken.  4«,  1996 96%  79  88  9 

Atlantic  (>Mat  Line  4s,  19,^3  96  K  78K  83  4K 

Baltimore  &  Ohio 4s,  1948.  MH  Tiii  85  UH 

Ches.  &  Obio4)is,199>2. ..  »(H  75  83  8 

Chic.  &  Alt<«  3^8, 1950. ..  52  37  UYt  1% 
Chic.  Burl.  &  Qniney  joint 

4«,  1921 99X  93X  96  2% 

St.  Pbnl  gen.  4b,  1989 95K-  71H  82H  11^> 

Chic.  *  N.  W.  354»,  19H7. .'  84H  67X  70  2K 

Col.  *Sontheni4a,1929...  96  85H  87  1% 

D.  A  K.  Q.  ref.  58, 1985. . .  6*^  55  62^  IV, 

Erie  sen.  48, 1996 73H  63  62'<i  »)i 

lU.  Cent.  tef.  4s,  1935 96  TJM  mM  » 

Iowa  Cent.  ref.  4a.  1951...  67({  45  .51  « 

Keok.  &De8Moine8S8,1923  61'H  63  6K  5 

Lake  .Shore  4a,  1931 96^  84  92><;  K'^ 

L.  &  N.  nn.  48.  1940 97H  81  87';  6« 

N.  Y.  Cent.  3H8,  1997 86)5  70  72^  2S 

Norf.  <)i:  West.  4s,  1996. ...  9U.>i  19%  W/i  5^ 

No.  Pine,  prior  lien  4s.  19U7.  97  79)i  88^  HH 

Readii«geB.48,1997 96.'^  m%  9U)i  9\ 

'Frisco,  aer.  A.,  4s,  1950. . .  'M'A  68  66H  8>^ 

.So.  P*c.  lef.  4a,  1955 94 ^J  i:>%  85H  9'i 

N).  By.  gen.  48, 1966 76%  63  72W  lOH 

rnionPlM!.  Iat4a.  1917....  99Ji  »4Ji  90'^  r>\ 

Wis.  Cent.  4s,  1949 «8?4  71  Ji  81  9H 

Avenwe 8H.4:«  71.26  78.44  7.18. 

0XrPED    tlTATBS     PROTKCTIOJf   OP  INVKKT- 

UEMT8  IX  COOMTBIK8  SUBJECT    TO  THE 

MONROE   IMK^TBINE 

The  London  "  Times  "  as  of  October  16, 
1918,  states  that  the  Government  of  the 
United  States  has  communicated  with  the 
Government  of  Ecuador  that  it  would  not 
authorize  the  importation  of  Elcnadorian 
cocoa  (cocoa  u  the  principal  export  of 
Elcnador)  into  the  United  States  or  its  Ter- 
ritories so  long  as  Elcnador  did  not  effect 
the  service  of  the  coupons  of  the  bonds  of 
the  GuayaquU  and  Quito  Railway,  which 
are  guaranteed  by  the  Government  of 
Ecuaidor  and  secured  on  certain  customs 
recapts.  Following  the  action  of  the  Amer- 
ican Government,  Elcaador  has  placed 
daily  on  d^xteit  a  substantial  portion  of 
the  amount  due  the  bondholders,  interest 
lukving  been  in  default  on  tlie  two  issues  of 
guaranteed  railway  bonds  since  1916  and 
i912,  respectively.  These  bonds  are  largely 
held  in  Great  Britain,  although  some  are 
owned  by  American  interests. 

This  IS  hurhly  significant,  showing  as  it 
does  a  willingness  on  the  part  of  the 
United  States  Grovemment  to  protect  in- 
vestments in  ooimtries  subject  to  the  so- 
called  Monroe  Doctrine,  particularly  where 
the  country  involved  has  not  shown  evidence 
of  a  wiOingneas  to  pay  its  obligations. 

The  6  per  cent  Guayaquil  and  Quito  Rail- 
way Prior  Lien  Boncb  are  quoted  at  77-82, 
•8  compared  with  66  the  low  for  the  year.and 
the  6  p«r  cent  first  Mortgage  Bonds  at  4()  >^ , 
«•  roiiipared  with  24}^  eariier  in  the  year. 

It  18  of  interest  to  note  that  the  bonds  of 
the  Republic  of  Honduras,  in  default  for 
apwanis  of  for^  years,  have  recently  ad- 
t-anced  in  price  m>m  5  to  13.   Although  it 


is  a  certain  fact  that  the  Republic  has  not 
sufficient  resources  to  meet  principal  and 
interest,  now  amounting  to  $26,000,000 
principal  and  about  five  times  that  amount 
of  interest,  it  is  possible  that  some  settle- 
ment long  sought  for  by  the  bondholdei-s 
may  be  made  in  the  not  distant  future, 
possibly  on  account  of  "  pressure  "  brought 
to  bear  by  tlie  United  States. 

THE  MtnriCIPAL  SITUATION 

As  an  indication  of  the  strength  of  the 
municipal  market,  the  following  compari- 
son of  prices,  showing  gains  ranging  from 
1  per  cent  to  4  per  cent  from  September  15 
to  November  1,  is  most  interestug  : 

Sept.  15.  Nor.  16. 

Price.  TieM.     Prioe.    Yield. 
New  York  City  iVta, 

1960-66 92\i  4.6.-)*       96)i     4.4.".* 

City  of  Albany,  N.Y., 

48,19.18 93H  4.50         9.5^       4.:t75 

State     of     Mnsaachn- 

aetts  3^8.  1934 88H  4..<>0         89^       4.40 

City     of      Colmubua, 

Ohio,  4^8,  194.->....     97X4.63        100  4..W 

City  of  Newark,  N.  J., 

6e.l9:t8 lOSH  4.60        VX>%       i.X> 

City  of  Portland,  Ore., 

58,1938.. lOlK  4.90       102H       4.80 

City   of  .lertiey  City, 

N.  J..4H8.  1961...     02H  4.65         93K      4.60 
.City  of  ^^Rn  Pmnoiaco, 

Cal.,  58,  1938 101  Ji  4.85        103K       4.75 

BRITISH    VIEWS    ON    FOREIGN    TRADE 

Sir  Hugh  Bell,  speaking  before  the 
Council  of  tlie  British  Association  recently, 
had  the  following  to  say  concerning  inter- 
national relations : 

All  oar  tenuinology  of  trade  has  oonnotationa 
of  conflict.  With  difficulty  have  I  avoided  in 
the  foregoing  exposition  words  which  Imply 
hostility — worda  like  "  stmgfcle ;"  itnplicationB 
that  there  is  a  prize  to  be  won ;  suggestions 
that  in  a  coiiiniercud  transaction  one  aide  must 
get  the  better  of  the  other.  Snoh  words  and 
phrases  nil  indicate  that  attitude  of  hostility 
which  is,  I  believe,  falae  and  essentially  mis- 
leading. The  best  bargains  men  make  an  not 
those  in  which  one  gets  the  better  of  the  other, 
but  ntther  those  from  which  each  draws  an  ad- 
vantage, making  him  wish  to  repeat  the  process, 
and  so  maintain  the  flood  of  mutual  benefits  set 
running  by  the  first  transaction. 

It  is  equally  true  of  (rade  between  nations 
as  between  individnab.  Indeed,  it  is  another 
cause  obscuring  the  issue  that  we  talk  of 
international  trade.  It  is  convenient  to  look 
at  the  whole  trade  operH£ion8  between  the 
inhabitants  of  one  country  and  those  of 
another;  bnt,  in  fact,  the  operations  them- 
'  selves  are  between  individuals,  and  it  is  merely 
an  accident  that  the  buyer  happens  to  be 
an  Knglishraan  and  the  seller  a  Prenohman, 
an  Italian,  or  even  a  Qerman.  If  the  parties, 
be  they  fellow-oountrymen  or  be  they  foreign- 
ers, are  wiae,  they  will  desire  that  each  may 
profit,  and  so  retom  to  trade.  The  last  thing 
they  should  wish  is  to  ruin  their  customer  awl 
loae  his  custmu.  In  one  word,  commerce  u  not 
conflict,  but  cooperation.  The  right  appre- 
hension of  this  truth  would  have  diaripated 
many  of  the  fears  which  people  entertained 
before  the  war  as  to  the  danger  in  which  the 
world  stood  from  German  commercial  activity 
aud  enterprise ;  it  will  lessen  the  alarm  with 
which  they  regard  ths  prospect  of  the  Oermon 
people  after  the  war  returning  to  the  arts  of 
peace.  To  moat  of  ua  engaged  in  industry  noth- 
ing is  more  to  be  desired  than  prosperity  for 
oar  neighbors  whether  we  love  them  or  hate 
them.  Prosperity  means  the  power  to  aatisfy 
wauta  and  the  wish,  explicit  or  implicit,  to  ex- 
change a  surplus  with  some  one  else  for  some- 
thing desired,  and  this  state  of  mind  will  not 
be  satisfied  by  one  tranaaction,  but  will  grow 
by  what  it  feeds  on. 

Ql'ESTIONS  AND  ANSWERS 

<^.  In  your  colnnin*— about  two  years  ago,  I 
think  it  wn'< — you  disvnased  Knssian  bonds  as  an 


H IIIIIIIHf  m»»usHtD  .sssailimiUHim 


Seven  to  Eight 
Percent 

Make    Reservatton*    Now   and 

Secure    These    Attracttve 

Retaras  From  Present 

or  January  Funds 

Bonds  of  $100,  $500  and  $1,000 
denominations  secured  by 

Csal  *a4  Iras  Ota  Pd»  aa4  tft  \Uk 

Stod  mb  CUcafs  Raal  EMaU 

Hr^ra-Elactric  Pnyntiai  Fans  LaaJi 

fa^artaat  Maaafactarisg  PUsto 

All  ample  in  value  and  earnings  to 
absolutely  protect  the  investor. 

Present  market  conditions  make 
possible  the  above  returns  from 
securities,  which  would  ordinarily 
yield  6t>  or  less. 

Sond    for    now    list    of    oar 
roeommondationt.  No.'  tOtt  Z. 

Peabodf, 
floughtelmg&Co. 

(ESTABLISHED  1868)    (B496I 

10  South  La  SaUe  Stnet 
Chicago,  ni. 


|lllllllllHlllllfeaT*eu»Hcoiass^llimillHIIIII 


DANFORTH  FARM  MORTGAGES 

npnMUt  the  hlglMst  type  of  inTeetmento.  Thej  bare 
•tood  the  teat  of  wmtm  and  boaliwaa  deprewdon  ahwe 
1888~M  ymn,  and  alwaya  worth  \W]h- 
Intereat  paid  promptly  at  niatarity. 

FARM  MORTGAGE   BONDA  In 
•500  and  Sl.OOO  denomlnntlonN 
For  further  iuformatioii  renrdinfc  our  Fanu  Loana  and 
Booda  write  for  Booklet  and  luveatora^  List  Mo.  A. 

AG-Danforth'tO) 


BANKER* 
WASHINOTON 


PoHiHtetf  A.D.  ISM 

ILLINOIS 


IOWA 
TAX   FREE 

Municval  Bonds 

•ad 

Iowa  Fint  Farm  Mortgages 

Make  op  the  bulk  of  securities  beU  by 
many  cansenrative  banks.  The  reason 
liMm  their  abatdute safety  and  attrac- 
thre  earning  capacity.  Individual  hi- 
vestots should  known 


securities  in 


r  more  about  Iowa 


OMMoiinatioiM  of 

$50-$100-$500'$1000 

Part  PaymMrt  Plaa 

ifittlrfd.    Write  for  book— 
IOWA  JArBSTMJiXTll  HO.  l&iS 

Bankers  Mortgage  Cooipaajr 

Casual  tiptaflua 

DesMofaMs        Iowa 


514 


THE   OUTLOOK 


27  November 


The  Armistice— What  Next? 

These  coming  montha 
you  will  face  new  condi- 
tions without  parallel  in 
history. 

Are  you  going  to  stake 
your  business  on  your  judg- 
ment as  an  individual  or 
take  sound  counsel  with  a 
disinterested  or^[anization 
of  specialists  on  just  such 
problems  as  yours? 

Avoid  worry.   Caa««  dopondlof  oo  ramon  or 

'    ~«co]|nlutliatallactloolsfolTowedbTa^oal 

a.    Help  th«  Botaoo  canHiallo  to  kava  mjl 


ladLR. 


>o»lo«M  dati  collected  aad  oo^Ued  by  *  centnl 

ornolmlQa.      Thle   Mvee   labor   end    lacraeeee 

cffldeocT. 

Fartlciilars  sent  free.  WriteDept.  O-20ot 

Babson's  Statistical  Organization 

AdriMfT  BaOdint  WcOcder  Kilt.  Mm. 

lunrt  OrfUiuttaaafiUOkenetellBtkeWerM 


Quettiotu  and  Aumrrrt  {(Continued) 
investment,  aud  aptly  dexcribed  them  aa  highly 
speonUtive. 

I  bonght  some  of  the  .'i  H  per  cent  iHsue  of  1916 
and  some  of  the  it  per  cent  iwae  of  lUlT  (Liberty 
Loan).  I  sliould  like  you  to  estimate  their  probable 
ultimate  value. 

A.  Since  the  article  on  RuHsian  Internal 
Bonds  to  which  you'refer  appearetl  in  The 
Outlook  they  have  become  even  more  of  a 
speculation,  due  to  the  turn  which  Russian 
political  affairs  have  taken. 

Russian  excliange  in  normal  times  is 
quoted  between  51  and  52  cents  for  one 
ruble.  In  consequence  of  the  .prevailing 
abnormal  conditions,  the  present  quotation 
is  about  21^  cents.  This  fact,  in  addition 
to  the  discount  below  par  at  which  the 
bonds  are  selling,  offers  opportunities  fur 
considerable  enhancement  m  value  and 
income,  through  the  return  of  exchange  to 
par  and  through  the  advance  in  the  market 
of  the  price  of  the  bonds. 

Altlioagh  it  is  reasonable  to  suppose  that 
the  Government  which  will  ultimately  come 
into  control  of  Russian  affairs  will  assuiue 
the  liability  represented  by  the  bonds  of 
the  Imperial  Russian  Grovemment,  it  is 
impossible  in  the  rapid  march  of  events 
in  Russia  to  predict  with  any  certainty 
tiie  return  to  normal  of  Russian  exchange. 
Russia's  natural  resources  are  enormous. 
She  stands  first  among  the  nations  of  the 
world  as  regards  the  extent  of  her  timber 
lands,  of  which  there  are  about  345,000,000 


MANY  readers  of  The  Outlook  will  remember 
with  pleasure  those  interesting  stories  by 
Laurence  La  Tourette  Driggs,  "The  Adven- 
tures of  Arnold  Adair,  American  Ace,"  that  were 
published  in  The  Outlook  some  months  ago.  These 
stories,  with  many  additional  adventures  of  Arnold, 
have  been  published  in  book  form  by  Little,  Brown 
&  Co.,  the  well-known  Boston  publishers.  It  is  a 
handsomely  bound  volume  of  over  three  hundred 
pages,  containing  many  illustrations  from  original 
drawings  and  photographs,  and  will  make  a  most 
attractive  Christmas  Gift.  The  retail  price  of  th»^ 
book  is  $1.35  net.  By  special  arrangement  with 
the  publishers  we  are  able  to  offer  it  in  combina- 
tion with  a  year's  subscription  to  The  Outlook 
at  the  special  price  of  $4.35  for  the  book  and 
the  subscription.  Only  a  limited  number  of  vol 
umes  are  available  for  this  offer,  which  will  be 
withdrawn  when  our  present  supply  is  exhausted. 


Fill  out  the  accompanying  order  form  and 
return  to  us  at  once  with  remittance  of 
$435;  wa  will  extend  your  lubicription 
for  one  year,  whatever  the  preaent  date 
of  expiration  may  new  be,  and  "The 
Adventure*  of  Arnold  Adair  **  will  be  lent 
to  ytni  immediately,  carefully  protected 
from  damage  in  transit,  all  charges  prepaid. 
This  offer  also  applies  to  a  new  subscrip. 
tien,  but  does  not  apply  in  the  case 
of    subscriptions     sent     through    agents. 

THE  OUTLOOK  COMPANY 


THE  OUTLOOIC  COMPANY, 

SKI  Fourth  Ave.,  New  York 

I  enclose  Four  Dollaim  and  Thirty-five  Cetiu.  for  wliich 
pleaae  send  me  "  The  Adventurae  «(  Arnold  Adair,"  all 
charges  prepaid,  and  enter  my  feubscriptiou  to  The 
Ontloolt  tor  one  year  (or  renew  for  one  year  from 
present  date  of  expiration),  in  accordance  with  the 
terms  of  your  sfiecial  olTer. 


■     yamf. 


A'tilr^M  . 


acres  in  European  Russia,  representing 
about  thirty-six  per  cent  of  the  total  area. 
Of  this,  214,000,000  acres  are  owned 
directly  by  tlie  state.  Russia  is  also  oih> 
of  the  largest  producers  of  cereals  ami 
grain.  Minerals  are  found  in  nearly  all  jiarti 
of  this  vast  country,  and  extensive  oil-tielU, 
centering  mainly  around  Baku,  ula<-e  her 
among  the  largest  producers  oirru<l«uil 
and  its  products. 

Under  a  stable  and  efficient  grovemment 
these  vast  resources  should  devdop  and  tln' 
exports  and  wealth  of  the  country-  inrrra.^- 
correspondingly.  Re-establishnient  of  creilit 
would  result.  Per)  taps  the  greatest  sttiin- 
bling-block  in  the  way  of  Russia's  progre»~ 
along  these  lines  is  the  ignorance  an<l 
illiteracy  of  a  large  part  of  her  people. 

Q.  1  liave  heen  thinking  of  pun-baaing  a  {«« 
shares  of  the  United  .States  Rubber  Conip'uiy'h  6m 
preferred  stock.  In  your  opinion,  would  the  piv 
posed  investment  be  juatifiea  on  iti^  pnrt  ?  1  aiii  a 
small  salaried  innn  and  my  other  inTe«tuients  air 
first  mortKagea,  .'«!2,200;  savings  bank  deposits,  .^H; 
Liberty  Bonds,  S'i()U. 

A.  The  first  prefeiTe<l  stock  of  tin; 
United  States  Rubber  Company,  of  whicli 
there  is  $(31 ,722,200  outstanding,  hao  lie- 
hind  it  $3(i,000,000  common  and  $403,liiiii 
second  preferred.  Witli  tlie  exception  of  a 
lapse  to  4u  per 'cent  in  1904  and  an  in- 
crease to  9  per  cent  in  190,5,  8  per  ceiii 
dividends  have  been  paid  since  VXti.  In 
1917  tlie  preferred  dividends  were  eame<l 
nearly  four  times  over,  and  at  tlie  eml  uf 
that  year  the  total  adjustetl  sniplus  was  r- 

Sorted  as   S31 ,891. 2(17.   The   continuance 
uring  the  near  future  of  dividends  at  tL« 
present  rate  seems  to  be  well  assured. 

Assuming  that  the  first  inoitgages  arr 
wisely  chosen,  we  should  say  tliat  your  li4 
wa«  niirly  well  balanced. 

Q.  I  have  noticed  several  refer^'Ui-c*  in  ll» 
Financial  Department  to  good  inunicifMl  boBd«i< 
a  very  hi^h  ^mde  of  investment.  I  have  ww* 
surplus  funds  which  1  wish  to  pLtoe  safely.  Whit 
bond  would  you  recommend  V 

A.  Diversification  is  always  desirs1>)« 
and  can  be  obtained  in  one  cla-ss  of  securitr 
as  well  as  among  several,  tlitj'  "^  Newark, 
New  Jersey,  Ss,  due  1932  to  ISiVi  inclusive ; 
Galveston,  Texas,  5  )>er  cent  bonds,  dne 
1950 ;  CSty  of  Detroit  Iniproveiiient  4s ;  and 
Town  of  Nantucket,  Massachusetts,  4  per 
cent  bonds,  due  1920  to  1926  inclusive,  all 
yield  between  4i^  and  5  per  cent,  and  are 
fairly  representative  of  the  bonds,  you  haw 
in  mind. 

In  purchasing  niniiici)>al  bonds  it  is  ad- 
visable to  secure  a  cojpy  of  '  an  opinira 
regarding  the  legality  of  the  issue. 


III  (iiiancins:  the  farmer  for  improveiiieuts  Uiat  wUl 
increase  emcieuey  and  food  production, 

STRAUS  FARM  MORTGAGES 

offer  opnortuuity  for  patriotic  aud  prufltablp  xw  of 
any  funds  you  may  have  availabW  iur  iiiTMUiMnS- 
V<ju  liave  exi'Piitiuiial  •w'lirity  iu  iiuprnv*^  prodno- 
tive  farms  in  only  the  be«t  aectimis  ol  thrap  at  tbe 
rifhest  a«nriciiltiiral  «tat««  —  Ohio,  ludiaiia.  and 
Illinois.  Kurtlier  asBurance  of  Kit«*ty  in  our  leiral 
^arantee  of  nrincinal  aud  interest  of  b'S;  mad  in 
record  of  nearly  sixty  yearn  without  Urns. 

Write  for  Special  Bulletin  and  BookbA  O-U. 

THE  STRAUS  BROTHERS  COHPANT 
^^      EihKitiJ  lg<t.-Cititel  mi  Swffa  UWmW 
LIGONIER.         mDUNA 


Satisfactory   inconir,    a»Miruice   of 

safety  and  opiKtrtimltyfor  |>auiolk 

service,     coniiucnd     Straus     Fnrm 

Mi)ctKa):es  t<i  4;<irrful  iit^e^turs. 


Digitized  by  VJW^V  l*^ 


18 


THE    OUTLOOK 


515 


THE  OUTLOOK  CLASSIFIED  ADVERTISING  SECTION 

Advertiliiiii;  Rates  :  Rotela  luut  Resorts,  Apartments,  Touts  and  Travel,  Real  Estate,  lAve  Stock  and  Poultry,  fifty  cents  per  agate  line, 
four  colomna  to  tlie  page.  Not  less  tlian  four  lines  accepted.  In  calculating  space  required  for  an  advertisement,  oonnt  an  average  of  six  words  to  the 
Uo«  onleas  display  type  is  desired. 

"  Want  "  advertisenienis,  under  the  various  headings,  "  Board  and  Rooms,"  "  Help  Wanted,"  etc.,  ten  oents  for  each  word  or  initial,  inclnditiff 
the  addrfad.  lor  each  insertion.  The  first  word  of  each  "  Want "  advertisement  is  set  in  capital  letters  without  additional  charge.  Other  words 
luay  be  set  in  capitals,  if  desired,  at  double  rates.  If  answers  are  to  be  addressed  in  care  of  The  Outlook,  twenty-five  cents  is  charged  for  the  box 
number  named  in  the  adveltisenient.  Replies  will  be  forwarded  by  us  to  the  advertiser  and  hill  for  postage  rendered.  Special  headings  appropriate  to 
the  department  may  be  arranged  for  on  application. 

Urdera  and  copy  for  Classified  Advertisements  must  be  received  with  remittance  ten  days  before  the  date  of  issue  when  it  is  intended  the  advertiae- 
nieat  shall  first  appear.  « 

Address:  ADVERTISING  DEPARTMENT,  THE  OUTLOOK,  381  FOURTH  AVENUE,  NEW  YORK  CITY 


Hotels  and  Resorts         Hotels  and  Resorts 


OA  L  irOR  WIA 

an  Ysklro  Ranch 

luacilan  o(  varioas  snea  situated  oti  the 
twIU  smooff  ormuge  icrovfls,  oTerkx>kui^ 
•M.  Central  diniUK-room.  electric  liKlite, 
•ixl  cold  water,  six  miles  (ram  auita 
rtnnL  two  miles  from  ooeau.  Booklet.  Ad- 
«  Sn.  H&RLKIOH  JOHNSTON.  Bsn 
div  Ranch.  Santa  Barban,  CaUforuia. 


OONNeCTiCUT 


tyirae  inn  i.itchH«id  co..  conn. 

IM  (Odthilla  of  tlie  Berluliirea.  A  reatful 
(« for  Ured  people.  Uood  food  oiid  s  corn- 
table  home,  'i  IKMira  from  New  Vork.  $14 
ttk  and  uu.  Booklet  A. 

Mta.  J.  K.  CASTLE.  Frojirietor. 

rLORIDA 

D^^l^p^    COTTAGES 


itrldait  raaidsatlsl  mort  lunr  lainoiu 
iMir  Golf  linka.  Auto  service  to  St. 
<nbo>K  and  Clearwater.  Cottagea  fiir^ 
i«t-«ll  city  oouvenienoea  93IW  to  f6U) 
HaMD.  Siirf  Bathiiia.  Boating.  Fiahing. 
Fooda.  rruits.  Send  for  Uluatrati^  foMer. 
Ml  Uui  Itiwliisn*  Ca..  fa  0.  isfts  Ihd^  fla. 


I»A»>ACHU>KTT> 

fM  An  Tmi  m  N*t  pMliof  WeU 

I  eaanM  Hod  a  mora  comfortable  place  in 
Kew  Knckuid  tlian 

HE  WELDON  HOTEL 

OBKENFieLD.  MASS. 
4Socda  all  the  comforta  of  lioma  without 
•xtravagance. 


New    YORK   CITY 

lotel  Le  Marquis 

list  Streat  &  Filth  Avenue 
New  York 


Oaljteaa  arery  oonTanieoce  and  home 
•fort,  and  commenda  itself  to  people  of 
MMDt  wiahing  to  Hn  on  Aramkaa  Plan 
biwUhtai  aaaj  raacb  of  'Soelal  fi\  dra- 
Mcantan. 

xKm  aad  bath  >4je  par  day  with  meala,  or 
'  l*r  <»7  without  maah. 
Uuatn&l     Booklet    ghuily  _aaiit    iiuon 
loaat.  JOHN  t.  TOLsON. 


DTEL  JUDSON  '^iJ'gSlli-^- 

piatflg  ^udaoo  Mamorial  Cburcb.  Rooiua 
It  aod  without  bath.  lUtaa  fUU  per  day, 
ludUig mmla  Special  rataa  (or  two  waeM 
mora.  Location  verr  oeutral.  Cotiveiiieiit 
til  elevated  aud  atreat  mr  liiiea. 


NEW    YORK   CITY 


Hie  Margaret  Louisa 

of  the  X.  vr.  C.  A. 


14  East  16th  St..  New  York 

A  bomaUke  hotel  for  aelf-aupporting 
women.  Single  rooma  Sl.iMi  per  night.  Dou- 
ble rooms  (2  beds)  (l.4ii  per  iiisiht.  Restau- 
rant open  to  all  womeu.  SeiiU  for  cii-cular. 


SOUTH    CAROLIIWA 


PINE  RIDGE  CAMP 

Aiken.  S.  C. 

Ideal  for  outdoor  life  iu  winter.  Mainhouie 
and  iudlTidusI  cabbu.  Certifled  city  water 
Northern  oookunc.  Rates  moderate.  Write 
lliuCeariiaE.CradurarKMlaiTE.SasUnUlMa.lC 


WISCONSIN 


0>emqyei'^^;;;^l^ 


Mf    Fnaal  BialA  Rnait  arf  SadlMlaB  m  Lain 
^  Mid.,  ia  lOO-acre  nfL  ■adirm  ram.  taaHtl 


Health  Resorts 


vwfWKvn,  ra.  I  An  hiatitution  devoted  to 
tlie  peraoual  atiidy  and  apaclalixed  tieat- 
metit  of  Uie  liiTalid.  Haaaae*.  Klactriclty. 
Hydrotherapy.  Apply  for  circiibir  to 
RoBBST  LirriHCorr  WALTsa,  M.D. 
(lateol  Tlie  Waltei  Saiiicarinw) 


Dr.  Reeves'  Ssinitarium 

A  Private  Home  (or  chronic  nervoua.  and 
'  d  jpatienta.  A  too  elderly  people  requiring 
lurriet  E.  Kaevea,  H.D..  Helroae,  Maaa. 


Real  Estate 


FLORIDA 


jrsale  or  i-eiit,  (ttntialied  buugalowa  Mod- 

era.  faciuK  Imlian  River,  uear  Rockledge. 

Oarage,  dock,  Krove,  launch.  flWtoSUOaea- 
aoii.  FiahiUR,  hiuitiiiK.  Blaik,  Cocoa,  Ftorida. 


p.. 


MASSACHUSETTS 


FOR  SALE 

Store  and  Apartment 

Building 

Deeirable  comer  on  ualu  biiainesi  Btreet  In 
PittiiflekL  M»8e.  CouUfaia  llUtores,  M  aiNUt- 
niento.  offloea  and  rooms,  all  occupi«d.  Grow 
yearly  income  ti^sm.  A  fcood  Eiitura  and 
spleiuiid  iuvestincnit.  Price  right  for  quick 
sale,    luniiire  EXfiLAND  BKOTHKRS. 


Country  Board 


Vm  TlUr  MAN  with  1  wrvtHU  trouble  de- 
lUUHU  mAn  sireabomeinooantiyfor 
winter,  wfthpleaaaut  family  and  c^ieerfnlsur- 
Tmiudinga.  WilliuirtoaMistin  work.  Addreoa, 
witli  torms  and  particulars,  9/il7,  Outlook. 


CHRISTMAS   QIFTS 

COPLKT  CRAFT  CHRISTMAS  CARDS. 
Haud-oolored,  with  specially  appropriate 
veraea.  Bent  on  approval.  ConaiKuinentfl  for 
sales.  XHsoonnta  to  those  selling  among  friends. 
Jessie  A.  HcNlcol,  18  Huntinffton  Ave.,  Bos- 
tou,  Mass. 


HELP  WANTED 


Companions aal  Domeatic  Helpers 

8UPERINTIENDKNT8,  aecretsrtea,  gor- 
enieaaea,oiatroiia.dietitiana,  luothera*  belpers, 
companions,  etc.  Tlie  Wiltou  Excluuige,  Box 
270,  StT  Joseph,  Michigau. 

WANTED— Two  capable  young  Protestsnt 
woineuaagirb'  inatroiiaiuorphauage.  Health 
eaaeutial.  Salary  S3fl,  comfortable  home,  laun- 
dry. References.  «,4lia.  Outlook. 

WANTKO-'Middl»«Ked  wonuui.  reflned, 
Protestant,  to  care  for  chiMten  eigbtmonths 
and  four  years.  Referencea  required.  Wages 
$10.  Appl^  Mrs.  C.  P.  Fitter,  M  Waahhigton 
Ave.,  Brooklyn,  K.  V. 

Teachers  and  Oovemesaes 

WANTKD— Compsteiit  teachen  for  pnbllo 
and  private  adioola  and  ooHegea.  Send  for  bul- 
letiu.  Albany  Teachera'  Agency.  Albany,  N.T, 

TOUNO  woman  of  cliaracter  and  refine. 
n.ent  as  ijroverueas  for  cliiMreii  3  and  H.  Please 
give  age,  iwtiouality,  experience,  and  ref- 
ereiu^a.  H,'I87.  Outlook. 

TKACHRR8  deairing  achool  or  college 
npaitioiia  apply  InteriuUioual  Musical  aud 
Edncstioiial  Agency,  Carnegie  Hall.  N.  T. 

OOVKRNR88KS.  luatroiia,  motlMra'  help- 
era,  cafeteria  maiugrera.  dietitlana.  Hiss 
Richards,  Box  S,  East  Bide  Station,  Provi- 
deiice.  Boston,  16  Jackaoii  Hall,  Trinity 
Court,  Thuraoaya,  U  to  1. 


SITUATIONS    WANTED 

ComnanlonsaaJ  Domestic  Helpers 

WOMAN  of  culture,  competent  to  take 
cliarge  of  hotiaehokl  or  act  wt  companiou, 
cliaperon,  etc..  deairea  iMiaitioii  hi  higli-claaa 
home.  Aaaouiatiotia  greatly  valued.  Highest 
credentials.  Address  K.  .Maurer,  1  VmX  l.'Wth 
St.,  New  York  City. 

RXPERIRNCRD  managing  honaekeetier 
tor  hotel  or  iiiatjtutiou.  8,S«I,  Outlook. 

CAPABLE  New  Kuglaud  woman,  cheerful, 
adaptable,  as  compaiUoii  or  aiwibu-  poaition. 
Best  referencea  Ii,ai8.  Outlook. 

COMPANION  —  New  Enghuid  woman,  re- 
fined, capable,  seeks  poeitioit.  Would  go  South. 
Peraonal  references.  Ii.4t)l,  Outlook. 

LADT  deairea  position  aa  useful  companion 
to  elderly  person  goiiig  Soiitli  or  West  tor  the 
winter.  Agreeable  personality,  good  traveler, 
capable.  «,4tS,  Outlook. 


SITUATIONS  WANTED 


ComDanlonsaad  Domestic  Helpers 

COMPANION,  cliaueroti,  or  Duuiaging 
houaekeeiier,  deaired  uy  lady  of  experieinw 
and  ability  hi  one  or  all  ef  above-named 
pcsitioua.  %\m.  Outlook. 

WOMAN  In  middle  life  with  knowledge  of 
hygiene  and  food  values  will  aceompauy  an 
eMerly  person  or  semi-invalid  to  Colorado  or 
Callfomla.  Will  cook.  References.  ti,4(ll, 
Outkxik. 

Business  Situations 

SECRETART-COMPANION.  Registered 
male  nuiae  will  care  for  invalid;  capable 
bookkeeper;  cost  aocouutant :  aeveral  years' 
expetieiM»  maaiaging  private  farm.  Best  ref- 
erences. MM,  Outlook. 

ENTHUSIASTIC    yoiintc    woman    wanU 

elaoe  reqtUring  tact.  intelligeiK^e,  industry. 
oUege    graduate,   jounialistic    experience, 
pleasing  nersouality  that  innplrea  confldauce. 

OENTLEMAN  waiita  place  as  manager, 
secretary,  or  companion.  Bank  reference 
of  «M,OOo.  Would  hire  help,  tend  cuiain^ 
account*,  etc.  David  H.  Wright,  MU7  Arch  8L, 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 

FRRNCH  woman  of  letters  would  aaah« 
author,  or  in  reaeaixlies  requiring  lauguagea 
6,U2,  Outkiok.  — »"-e 

Teachers  and  Covemesses 

FRRNCH  college  graduate  teachfa  higher 
French,  Spanish,  Itallau.  6.ua,  Outlook. 

WISCBLLANEOUS 

PATRIOTISM  by  Lyman  Abbott,  alao  « 
veraea  of  Americsr-Ttie  Pledge  to  tlie  Flu— 
3  verses  of  Tlie  Star^pangled  Banner,  all  In  a 
little  leaflet  Further  the  cause  of  Mriotiain 


by  dlatrib<itiiig  hi  yotu-  letters,  iu  pay  eitvel. 
opes,  iu  sclioola,  cnurdies,  clubs,  and 
gatlierinin.    Jni  sent  preuaid  for  M 
■        .M.  Morse.  MuutcbOrr  N.J. 


aocial 
cents. 


opes,  in  sclioola,  cnurdies,  clu' 
gatlierii 
Artliur 
WANTED,  by  aorial  worker  in  small  New 


Jersey  town,  u  lionie  for  10  year  old  boy 
(Italiaii)  whoin  it  is  iHM>eHnary  to  move  from 
present  enviruinueut.  ti,3iD,  Outlook. 

WANTED  -  Position  with  Uvmg  wage, 
without  night  duty,  stair  cHmliuig,  or  exoees 
ive  liours,  either  in  nr  out  of  nursUtt  or  aocial 
service  work.  Htatr  twiuiremeuta,  houn, 
eatery,  etc  «,3M,  Uutkiok. 

REUOION  FOR  MODERN  MEN,  by  Dr. 
Wm.  Sullivan,  and  other  Unitariau  literatura 
aeut  free  on  rviiueat.  Address  Mrs.  J.  D. 
Borrowa,  U«  Fk>i1da  St..  SpriiigfleU,  Mass. 

THE  FATHERHOOD  OF  GOD,  sermon 
by  JAMBS  FREEMAN  CLARKB,  sent 
gratia ;  no  charge  whatever.  Address  Hiss  L. 
PreemauClarke,.'V  Brimmer  St..  Boston,  Mass. 

MOTHER,  educated,  refined,  sympathetic, 
understands  cliildren,  opens  home  to  children 
needing  care.  Child-study  a  apeobUty.  t;li 
weekly.  6,408,  Outloak. 

BOARD,  care,  oouipaiUouship,  for  semi- 
tnvalid  or  uer\-QUs  iiersou  at  the  home  of  a 
woman  pliyaidan  (aateopatliir).6,406.  Outlook. 

GIRL,  eigfateem  needa  money  to  attend 
school.  Win  pay  back  when  throngti.  Pleaae 
write  MIO,  Outlook. 


YOUR  WANTS  IN  EVERY  LINE 

of  household,  educational,  business,  or  personal  service — domestic  workers,  teachers, 
nurses,  business  or  professional  assistants,  etc.,  etc. — whether  you  require  help  or  are 
seeking  a  situation,  mav  be  iilled  through  a  little  announcement  in  the  CLASSIFIED 
COLUMNS  OF  THE  OUTLOOK.  If  you  have  some  article  to  sell  or  exchange, 
these  columns  may  prove  of  real  value  to  you  as  they  have  to  many  others. 
Send  for  descriptive  circular  and  order  blank  AND  FILL  YOUR  WANTS.  Address 

Department  of  Classified  Advertising 
THE   OtJTLOOK,  381  Fourth  Avenue,  New  York 


oogle 


Digitized  by 


516 


THE  OUTLOOK 


BY  THE  WAY 


A  Swiss  correspondent  of  "American 
Art  News  "  says  :  "  At  the  beeinning  of  the 
war  the  Swiss  painter,  Homer,  signed  a 
protest  against  the  devastation  of  monn- 
ments  and  art  works  on  the  part  of 
the  Germans.  The  latter,  in  retaliation, 
promptly  had  a  covering  of  boards  nailed 
over  the  famous  fresco  which  Hodler  bad 
executed  for  the  Jena  University.  Hodler 
having  died,  some  one  suggestcM  that  the 
fresco  be  uncovered.  The  University  au- 
thorities, however,  decided  that  the  rresco 
b  to  remain  '  vernag^lt '  (nailed  up) — ^in 
which  respect  it  is  not  unlike  certain  brands 
of  German  mentality." 

A  number  of  letters  and  docnments 
relating  to  Shelley,  the  English  poet,  were 
not  long  ago  discovered  oy  the  Shelley 
&unily*8  solicitors  and  were  sold  at  auction, 
some  of  them  bringing  as  high  as  $1,000. 
Among  the  collection  was  Shelley's  pam- 
phlet "  The  Necessity  of  Atheism,  of  which 
only  two  copies  were  known  to  exist.  This 
brought  $3,150,  On  it  had  been  written — 
probably,  it  is  thought,  by  Shelley's  father 
— the  word  "  Impious." 

A  remarkable  lawsuit  has  recently  been 
decided  in  favor  of  a  moving-picture  actress 
who  sued  her  employers  lor  $75,000  for 
breaking  a  contract.  The  young  woman 
declared  that  she  was  engaged  for  $500  a 
week  and  was  discliarged  because  her 
employers  said  she  had  gained  in  weight  I 
They  bad  stipulated  that  she  was  to  weigh 
no  more  than  110  pounds,  and  claimed  that 
her  weight  rose  to  126.  She  denied  this 
acquisition  of  "too,  too  solid  flesh,"  and 
several '  witnesses  upheld  her.  The  court 
awarded  her  $16,000.  Evidently  all  admi- 
ration for  tlie  "tragedy  queen,"  the  majestic 
woman  who  once  resoundingly  trod  tlie 
boards,  has  vanished  from  the  souls  of  the 
movie  fans  as  interpreted  by  the  film  com- 
panies. 

A  new  "  human  fly  "  considers  the  old 
stunt  of  climbing  up  the  &ce  of  a  sky- 
scraper not  sufficiently  exciting.  He  climbs 
up  the  outside  of  the  building,  then  rides 
around  the  coping  on  a  bicycle,  and  finally 
shins  up  the  ^^pole  and  waves  Old  Glory 
from  its  cap. 

"  Rare  bargains  in  furniture  are  coming 
under  the  hammer  in  France,"  says  a  news 
letter  to  ah  American  paper.  "  ChSteau 
after  ch&teau  is  being  put  up  for  sale  as  a 
result  of  the  war.  A  ch&teau  near  Tours 
was  sold  this  week,  including  a  wonderful 
suite  of  Louis  XVI  furniture  covered  in 
very  fine  Aubusson  tapestry  with  a  delicate 
creamy  ground  made  from  Huet's  designs. 
It  went  to  Mr.  Jacques  Seligmann  for 
44,000  francs  "  ($8,800). 

Among  those  unnecessary  questions  with 
which  editors  are  troubled,  this  example 
from  "  Good  Health  "  may  be  quoted  :  "  If 
a  loudly  ticking  alarm  clock  is  fastened  to 
the  head  of  a  bed,  will  the  noise  irritate 
one's  nerves  although  it  does  not  keep  one 
awake  ?"  The  editor  mildly  answers : "  Sleep 
in  the  presence  of  noise  is  less  refreshing 
tliaii  under  quiet  surroundings."  But  why 
shouldn't  the  correspondent  move  the 
clock  to  the  mantelpiece  and  save  the  edi- 
tor's time  and  his  own  postage  stamp  ? 

A  New  York  poet,  as  reported  in  "  The 
Writer,"  says :  «  Poetry  u  delightful.  But 
poets  are  so  very  poorly  paid.  I  know  a 
rich  man  who  has  a  oeautinil,  golden-haired 
stenographer.  The  girl  said  to  her  em- 
ployer the  other  day  :  *  I  aiii  going  to  get 
married,  sir.   And  I  am  going  to  marr}'  a 


poet.'  '  Dear  nie !'  said  tlie  wealthy  man. 
'Then  you  will  leave  us,  eh?'  *No,  sir,' she 
replied  ;  '  I  shall  not  leave  you,  but  I  shall 
need  more  pay.' " 

New  patents  a<l  vertised  as  "  for  sale  "  may 
possibly  prove  bargains  to  some  purchaser  : 

Gun  and  Projeotile. — Gun  fires  projectile 
carrying  two  blades  designed  to  cut  or  destroy 
wit«  entanglements  or  other  objects  in  its  pa{h. 

Combination  Salb  and  Pepper  Shaker. — 
Either  salt  or  pepper  can  be  obtained  by  move- 
ment of  thumb. 

Ifovering  flying  machine. — Price  ?30,000. 

S400  takes  the  patent  of  a  simple  and  effi- 
cient fly-trap. 

New  checker  board.  Makes  checkers  differ- 
ent! Played  with  foarteen  checkers  a  side. 
Ntf  dooble  comers !  A  great  improrement  in 
the  ever  popular  game  of  checkers  I 

"  I  want  to  get  this  check  cashed,"  said 
a  young  wife  to  a  clerk  at  the  bank,  accord- 
ing to  the  San  Francisco  "  Argonaut " — 
though  it  is  hard  to  believe  this  heroine 
was  an  upto-date  California  woman.  "  Yes, 
madam,'  was  the  clerk's  replv ;  "  please 
indorse  it."  "  Why,  my  husband  sent  it  to 
me ;  he  is  away  on  business."  "  Yes,  madam ; 
but  just  indorse  it.  Sig^  it  on  the  back, 
please,  and  your  husband  will  know  that 
we  paid  it  to  you."  The  young  woman  went 
to  tlie  desk  and  in  a  moment  came  back 
witii  the  check  indorsed,  "Your  loving 
wife,  Sophia." 

This   story   of  the   Scotch    method    of 
handling  luggage  has  its  bearing  on  the 
practices  of  our  own  "  baggage  smashers  :" 
A  Highland  fanner  handed  a  rather  frail- 
looking  box  to  the  porter  at  a  railway  station 
in  Scotland.    "  Dae  ye  think  this  is  strong 
enough  to  trust  in  the  van  ?"  he  asked.  "  I  doot 
it's  DO,"  replied  the  porter;  "but  we'll  see.'' 
He  lifted  the  box  high  in  the  air  and  let  it  fall 
with  a  crash.  "  It'll  get  that  here,"  he  said. 
'*  An'  it'll  get  that  " — grving  it  another  bang — 
"at  the  junction.  An'  at  Dundee  it'll  get  that !" 
'    The  third  "that  "burst  the  box,  and  its  contents 
were  scattered  over  the  platform.  The  porter 
shook  his  head.    "  Na,"  he  said,  "I  think  it 
winna  get  past  Dundee.    If  it's  goin'  &rther 
it's  no'  strong  enough," 

A  New  Yorker,  according  to  a  Southern 
daily  paper  which  enjo}rs  a  joke  at  the 
expense  of  its  own  section,  was  paying  his 
first  visit  to  a  hospitable  Kentuckian. 
The  morning  after  iiis  arrival  he  was 
awakened  h^'  a  colored  man-servant,  who 
asked'  him  if  he  would  like  to  have  his 
breakfast  in  his  room.  "  What  have  you 
for  breakfast  this  morning  ?"  was  the  visi- 
tor's question.  "Ain't  but  one  kind  of 
breakfast  heah,"  was  the.  answer.  "  And 
what  might  that  be  ?"  "  Jug  o'  liquor,  er 
nice  steak,  an'  er  dog."  "  For  heaven's  sake, 
what's  the  dog  for?"  "He's  to  eat  de 
steak,"  was  the  smiling  reply. 

Women  conductors  are  now  a  familiar 
sight  on  the  street  cars  of  some  American 
cities,  but  in  the  Old  World  women  have 
taken  the  place  of  niotomien  in  some  places 
— Glasgow,  Scotland,  for  instance.  A  Scot- 
tish paper  says :  "  The  girls  not  only  '  con- 
duct the  tramcars,  but  they  drive  them,  in 
Glasgow.  The  municipality  seems  to  choose 
its  b^t  and  bonniest  lasses  for  this  job,  and 
in  their  tartan  skirts,  green  jerkins,  and 
saucy  green  cloth  caps  these  charioteers 
irraaiate  the  grim  old  streets." 

The  teacher  asked  the  class  the  meaning 
of  the  word  'f  unaware,"  according  to  a 
Western  newspaper.  A  little  gii-l  raised 
her  hand  and  gave  this  modestly  phrased 
definition  :  "  L  naware  b  wliat  you  put  on 
first  and  take  off  last." 


NATURE'S  "FIRST  AID" 
FOR  PAIN 

Tlif  rp  is  a  uew  and  better  wsy  to  relieve  taiu 
— yet  tlie  prfuciple  b  as  old  as  Nature.  Too 
kiKiw  the  ■ootbing  and  bealing  sflaot  alt  ma 
hsth.  The  THKRMOLITK  rapiodiioea  Uk  v 
tkm  of  •unlight  by  a  erdflntiSc  arraaipeaml  «l 
a  s(koi>le)ectrleUmpinsreSMtarsadeei||nel 
tlist  the  ndiant  light  and  best  jrny*  pawoMt 
tlie  tlMDes.  This  Mllsvee  Psin  by  fCfBorn; 
oougeetkm  sod  Increufaig  the  draaatiOD  of  th> 
blood  in  the  aSeetad  paitt. ' 

"SAFE  AS  SUNUGHT- 

UtHa  att  Gce'l  HoipMt  atJ  Cmtuwmiti 
Tbls  eimplSL  safe,  and  modem  mMhod  b  fai 
more  efficfenL  eooTenisnt,  and  qnlckar  Mm 
any  niperflelal  applioatian  a<  heat  soGii  «>  M 
water,  poultioee,  etc.,  for  the  teeatmeiit  of  ma»- 
cular  wreueas,  baekaclM,  atilf  ntwk,  neQralca. 
spninSibrulsesandthennmevoaalmle:  " 


•0  common  In  everT  home.  TUERMOUTE  m 
alH-ays  ready— eirapiy  attach  It  to  sny  dectrk 
Hglit  socket.  Costs  only  two  osnta  an  boor  te 
operate. 

No  maeic— no  myataty— no  draga— joat  phiti 
oommoa  aenae. 

Aotiona  apeak  gainer  than  wards— wont  yon 
IciTe  THBRHOLITK  u  opportunity  to  del     ' 

sttale  Its  nairfiilnnaa  m  your  hooMT    It 

.  probably  help  you ;  it  eertaiiily  wont  harm  ya* 

-and  if  you  dont  wint  to  keep  TUKRMOUH 

your  money  will  be  laiseitully  refmidad. 

The  atory  of  ntenaaUto ;  the  actual  tfaiocEsk 

does,  the  money  it  aarea  you— areaU  iatena  ' 

hitereatUig.  Coata  yon  only  a  Better  to  find  a 

aowritoto<)ay.  you'll  alwaya  be  ehd  yon  did. 

H.  CMcFADOIN  i  b..  41  W«fa  SL.Ik«M 
Makai  tfUttttvAtDtrntcm  ahes  IS74 1 


$7a00 

byiQ9il, 


vitUak 
bimok  OoB 


AboTe  cantea  linings  of  little  lanib  akina.  PitMvA 
mobah-  Sasoe  Uninga  f6.G0.  For  oomfoit,  HiiMlse 
and  dwability  yon  oannot  Ifaid  their  eqoal  for  u*  |rioa 
Our  mnatiated  oatakig  girea  masaon  diraatkamaits 
wbole  k>t  of  other  infbimatian  about  ODStniB  tsaaki 
of  hidea  snd  aUns  with  liair  or  (nr  oai ;  eiBt,  ribi 
and  rug  msUng:  taxUeimy  and  bead  moairttag;  ata 
prioea  of  for  gooda  and  big  mounted  pne  headawaai. 

THE  CKOSBY    nUISIAN    tVU  COHPANT. 

Rocliealer.  N.  Y. 


AGE'S 

GLUE 


W  •- 1  L  N     .'-.     rj  A  I  L     '•NGN' 


HDHUl  CIMFMT  ax  GUXiaSIIB.UllSR.1 
who  alto  maki  and  guanmim 


SIGNET 

^^^m  THE  -       ■ 

INK 


Digitized  by  y<JKJKJWl\^ 


THE   OUTLOOK 


513' 


Little  Signs  That  Reveal 
Character  at  a  Glance 

The  Simple  Knack  of  Knowing  Al  1  About  a  Person  at  Sight 

EVERY  ONE  knows  that  a  high  fore-  and  relied  upon  calm, mature  judgment  rather  the  other  the  student  and  counselor,  and  as 

head  indicates  the  intellectual  type—  than  brilliant  strokes  of  ingenuity  and  wit  a  team  they  were  remarkably  successful, 

that  a  receding  chin  denotes  wealmess  The  first  man  according  to  Dr.  Blackford  •    •    •    •    •    ^      ^ 

while  a  pronounced  chin  means  determina-  was  active,  resdess,  always  on  the  go.  im-  When  the  lecture  was  over  it  didn  t  take 

tion— these  things  and  a  few  other  signs  are  patient,  and  able  to  express  himself  only  in  me  long  to  get  up  to  the  platform  and  inquire 

understood  by  sul.   But  often  these  signs  are  some  active,  aggressive  manner.  The  second  as  to  how  I  could  learn  more  about  character 

counterbalanced  by  others  which  are  just  as  man  was  studious,  plodding  and  constant,  reading,  and  I  found  that  Dr.  Blackford  had 

apparent    but   which    the    average    person  and  expres.sed  himself  after  prolonged  con-  just  completed  a  popular  Course  that  ex- 

doesn't  know  how  to  diagnose.  centration  and  careful  thought  The  first  man,  plained  the  whole  thing  and  which  would  be 

As  a  consequence  we  often  jump  to  con-  the  doctor  said,   was   therefore    especially  sent  on  approval,  without  charge,  f or  eram- 

clusions  about  people,  which  prove  incorrect  equipped  to  execute  plans,  to  carry  to  success  inalion.    1  immediately  wrote  the  publishers 

because  we  don't  carry  our  observations  far  any  course  of  action,  but  was  not  particularly  and  received  the  Course  by  return  mail. 

enough.    It's  like  trying  to  read  a  sentence  qualified  to  make  plans  or  to  map  out  a  course  And  when  it  came  I  was  never  so  amazed  in 

bv  looking  at  the  first  one  or  two  words.  We  of  action— he  could   make  practical  use  of  my  l.if«=— for  here  was  the  whole  secret  in  seven 

.n-ight  guiss  the  sense  but  more  likely  than  many  different  kinds  of  kno'wledge  but  did  ^*^=.g|;;,7j!rin^erS?i4"'pi?t"„?^^^^^^ 

not  weM  go  wrong.  Yet  once  you  have  the  not  have  the  patience  or  the  power  of  con-  dire«ion.i  that  I  couldn'tgo  wrong  on. 

secret,  you  can  understand  what  a//  the  little  Why,  the  very  first  lesson  taught  me  pointers 

signs  mean  and  get  at  a  glance  a  complete  -.^^B^^^^  ^  could  u»t  right  away,  and  it  was  only  a  matter 

picture     of    the     characteristics    of    every  ^^^^P^^^^I^Bfeb^  °'  ^  ^'*^  weeks  before  I  was  able  at  one  quick 

person  you  meet,  as  easily  as  you  read  this  .^^^^?I^^^^^H^  .•?."'  ^areful  survey  to  tell  just  what  a  man  was 

P32.  .^^^^^cS^HR^^ftk.  ^'^^  ''f  "'^^'  ^^  looked  like. 

f  L._~_  •!.:>  *»  K.  t-nm  t^^  1  .,^^A  <»  K_  p       ^^^MHHlH^^^vVS^^^^^  And  what  a  revelation  it  wa.<!  I  For  the  first  time 

r  know  this  to  be  true  for  I  u.sed  to  be  P-    JPT'^^^^^^^K.  i  really  *«m.  people  whom  I  /i«/^/4/ 1  had  known 

al)out  the  poorest  judge  of  character  that  I  g     jgT  ■                     J^t^^^T  for  yean.  It  ^s^l  so  simple  now  that  it  hardly 

know.   I  was  always  making  fnends  only  to  r-     AH^-  .-v;^  a/JBB^^^^  seemed  possible  that  I  could  have  made  such 

find  that  they  were  the  wrong  kind,  or  saying  ^H»F^^^^''**^^^v3n^^^V^  mistakes  as  I  didbefore  I  heard  of  Dr.  Blackford. 

the  wrong  thing  to  my  customers  because  I  ^^E^^,^ ^WC^a^^^^^  People  took  on  a  new  interest.  Instead  of  ju.nt 

h.-id  failed  to  "size  them  up"  correctly,  or  ^^■l^lH^k      «   ji^^^^^  **  blanks  "  each  one  became  a  definite  personality 

lending  money  to  people  who  never  intended  ^^^uS^^^^^^     SiP5^^ft  wth  qualities,  tastes  and  traits  which   I  wa.s 

to  oav  me  back    1  even  made  a  costlv  mis-  ^^^^^M   ^^"           l^t#!555E,  alw«ys  a'>le  to  "spot."   Why,  the  very  act  of 

to  pay  mepacK.   1  evenn^ae  a  cosily  mis-  "j^h        -^            ^■C^^SL  meet  ng  peope  became  the  most  fascnating  pa.H- 

take  by   giving  up  a  good  job  to  go  into  |W^       >               ||IM^^B>  time  in  tfie  worid.  And  how  much  more  cfeirly 

partnership  with  a  man  who  turned  out  to  be  :lSBKVMil^>^^^^^Hl  ""^  """  character  loomed  up  to  me.   I  knew  as 

little  short  of  a  thief.  ^^^^^^9^^H^^^^^bli',.^^^^^^^Hl  never  before  my  limitations  and  my  capabilities. 

1   was   pretty  mnch   discouraged  by  thi^  ^^^     ^^^^l^^^^^H^r^^^^^^Bl  But  it  has  been  in  my  contact  with  people  in 

time  and  I  determined  th.1t  the  thing  Inr  me  ^^^^^^^^^^r     ^^^^^|1  business  that  mvnewfaculty  has  helped  me  most 

to  do  was  to  learn  to  read  ch.-iracter,  if  such  ^^^R^^^    ^^^^H  -  7^°  **''  "'?'  "  ""*  !'**'?, ^;°'*^  thousands  of  dol- 

3  tl.Snir  a«  that  was  nnssible    for  1   felt  that  ^^BSt^^^_.9^^^HI  ''"^  '°  '"^  '^  *°  P"'  "  niildly.  It  has  enabled  me 

!      ^i  !^^J  vL- »£^^  I   ;«.?w   .i  .»  ilfi  ^BS^^^^^^^H  t°  select  a  new  pRrtner  who  has  proved  the  best 

unless  I  did  know  whom   I   could  trust  and  y                     .^^m.             ^K^^K*  help  a  man  ever  had^it  has  made  it  possible  for 

whom  I  couldn't,  I   never  would  get  very  /            ^^^B  '^^       ^^^^^m  us  to  build  up  probably  the  most  efficient  "fric- 

far.  I           ^^^^^^m     ^^^^^  ^^^^^^^^Kf  tionless  "organization  in  our  line  of  business  with 

It  was   about   this   time   that   I    read   an  f^^^^B    iJ^BRP^^^^^^^Hz  every  man  in  the  riehtjnli — it  has  been  the  means 

article  about  Dr.  Katherine   M.   H.  Black-  ni^^^H  ^^T^^^^^^^m  P^  '"^  securing  thousands  of  dollars'  worth  of 

ford,  who  is  recognized  as  the  foremost  char-  IL^^H^^I  ^^^^^K,  business  from  men  I  had  never  been  able  to  .sell 

acter  analyst  in  this  country,  and  who  was  !w^H^H^^^^H^  before  because  I  hadn  t  judged  them  correctly.for 

,        J  /    _L-_„^ .  „V» ^»„.j  <_.  .„  V^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^r  after  all  salesmanship  is  more  in  knowing  the  man 

employed  by  a  bie  company  at  a  record  fee  to  tt^^^^^^^^^V  y„„.,^  dg,,i„  ,.;,,,  ^^^  ;„  „,her  one  thing- 
select  their  employees.  I  thought  then  that  ..  /^^z  p„  learned  enatles  me  to  hum  ttt  and  what  Ive  learned  from  l)r.  Blackford's  fes- 
if  hardheaded  business-men  paid  such  a  mucA  aiont  a  man  the  jint  time  I  met  sons  enables  me  to  know  as  much  about  a  ni.in 
salary  as  this  in  order  to  insure  their  gettini;  him  as  his  best  friemi— sometimes  more."  the  first  time  I  meet  him  as  his  be.>t  frien<l — 
the  right  kind  of  workers  that  there  sure  must  sometimes  more, 
be  something  in  character  reading  for  me.  centration  to   search   out  and  classify   the  Isit  any  wonder  that  such  concerns  ax  the  .Scott 

One  day  while  in  Pittsburg  my  eye  was  knowledge  so  that  it  could  be  used.  While  he  ,V''^,'ir^?-"'P?"y'  '"^i    f'^*'"'   j  if  *-"n'P-'!'y' 

attracted  'to  an  announcement  o/ a  lecture  was  a  brilliant  speaker    a  «sourceful   and  b^V^ar&X^&so'^l^lit'l?^^ 

on  Character  Analysis  by  Dr.  Blackford  and  I  effective  debater,  he  lacked  the  power  to  dig  as  counselor;  or  that  thousands  of  heads  of  large 

decided  to  go  and  seeif  I  could  learn  anything.  out  and  assemble  the  material  for  orations  corporation:!,   salesmen,   engineers,  physicians, 

That   lecture  was  an   eye   opener  I    Not  and  debates.  The  second  man,  she  continued,  bankers  and  educators  have  studied  her  Course 

only  did  Dr.  Blackford  show  how  easy  it  is  being  shy  ard  self-conscious,could  not  speak  and  say  that  the  benefit  derived  is  worth  thou- 

to  read  at  a  glance  the  litde  signs  that  reveal  in  public,  but  was  a  master  of  study  and  ee-  sands  of  dollars  to  them  ? 

a  person's  cnaracter,  but  after  the  lecture  search  and  strong  in  his  ability  to  classify  q_      ,  1^      1^ 

she    gave   a   remarkable  demonstration   of  and  correlate  all  kinds  of  knowledge.  2JOI1CI  iNO  IVlOnCy 

character  reading  that  amazed  the  audience.  "  Indeed." said  Ur.  Blackford,  "this  gentle-  The  MmcMt  ■mpriia  abont  Dr.  Btaokfard't  Counti  you 

She    asked    the  audience   to   select  two  man  would  be  a  remarkable  success  as  a  hjwnt  rsyd  yrt-and  thrn  it  u..  prfc.  u  «fter  •xuniubiK 

people  in  the  hall  to  come  up  and  be  ana-  lawyer,  especially  in  court  practice.  The  other  ^I^rfoiT^ST  ^JT--^"  «^.''Aii°^?S2t.  K  r~  « 

tyzed.    Several    men,   all  of  them  entirely  gentleman  would  be  a  remarkable  success  as  not  autfreiy  atiifled  with  Um  Couna,  Mod  it  bMk  aiid  you 

unknown  to  Dr.  Blackford,  were  suggested  a  lawyer,  but  his  particular  field  would  be  '^JJj  "255^              >    it           ui^rt 

and  finally  two  were  chosen.  As  they  came  the  preparation  of  cases  and  the  giving  of  writ*  a  irttw and  tt^'ta«2t  to^  diu«ni  i^ST^' 

upon   the   platform'  Dr.  Blackford    looked  counsel  to  clients.   Therefore,"  she  went  on,  Too  take  no  ri>k  and  yon  tiara  areiythinK  to  nain.ao  man 

them   over  keenly  and,  after  a  moment's  "  they  would  be  particularly  fitted  to  work  to-  "»•  «»op««>.  >»«<»•  »i>u  remarkable  otf.r  i>  wiuidiawa. 

thought,  began  to  analyze  both  of  them  at  getheras  partners  not  only  because  they  com-  FREE  EXAMINATION  COUPONS 

once.   As  she  mentioned  the  characteristics  plement  each  other  professionallybut  because  ——-•""■——————■———"•"—"-" 

of  one    she   described    the    corresponding  their  dispositions  are  such  that  they  would  InQeDMluCIlt  CorPOr&tlOn 

characteristics  in  the  other.  naturally  admire  and  respect  each  other."  »,.     ,  .*^^.    ..    b^^uji,  na  (IL  im  ]■  inrTwk 

Beginning  with  generaliHes,  she  told  the  As  she  said  this  the  audience  broke  into  a  ^^Mi,h,r. orriTi'Jn!^u«tnnd Han-rr',  w,mv) 
audience,  every  one  of  whom   seemed  to  storm  of  applause  and  upon  inquiry  I  learned  niau*  anid  me  i>r.  Bia<ik(oni-i  connr  of  Mrran  leani* 
know  both  men.  that  one  was  a  good  mixer,  that  the  two  men  were  indeed  lawyers  and  ean«i-R«adiuRniarart<<rat  siuiit."  lv^iHe^t^le^I»IIlaflt^^«■ 
afixres•ive,  bolcl  and  determined,  while  the  partners,  that  they  had  been   partners  for  coiiraeto}wiHiti.iuttT.dayaaft«riui»«elptof*«lyooK. 
nther   was  more  or  less  of  a  recluse,  very  twenty  years  and  were  well  known  in  Pitts- 
self  contained,  quiet  and  gentle,  burg  for  their  intense  affection  for  each  other        "^ 

The   first,  she  said,  was  brilliant,  clever,  ana  for  the  fact  that  during  their  twenty      Ad.irt^ /O. f    .. 

quick-wtttea  and  re.wurceful ;  the  second  a  years' partnership  they  have  never  had  a  disa-  n     t      h  h    V  TOOOlf* 

silent  man,8low  and  deliberate  when  he  spoke,  grcement  One  was  the  brilliant  trial  lawyer ;      LJ!gjIl?.S9.  W.  .V;^  .Vr:<fct{|^il^-' 


514* 


THE   OUTLOOK 


Christmas 
for  the  Children 


Whatever  nfte  are  omitted  this 
year,  the  children  mugt  be  re- 
membered. Gifts  should  be  use- 
fnl,  and  books  are  best.  Our 
books  for  younger  readers  this 
Fall  have  real  child-interest  and 
are  beantifully  made.  Here  are 
a  few  oat  of  a  dozen  titles. 

C  Helen  Ward  Banks  has  re- 
told the  entire  Bible,  simply, 
clearly,  even  thrillingly,  m 
STOKES'  WONDER  BOOK  OF 
THE  BIBLE.  Twelve  full  pages 
in  color  and  forty-five  in  black- 
and-white  by  the  illustrators  of 
"  Stokes'  Wonder  Book  o^  Fairy 
Tales  "  add  much  to  the  interest 
of  the  text.  A  book  for  children 
of  from  7  to  15. years. 

Q.  Older  boys  will  like  TOM 
AND  I  ON  THE  OLD  PLANTA-- 
TION,  into  which  Archibald 
Rntledge  has  gathered  tales  of 
danger  and  daxing  in  the  Great 
Ontdoors.  There  are  8  iUastra- 
tions. 

fl.  A  jolly  tale  of  fun  and  excite- 
ment is  LITTLE  ALLIES.     In 

relating  the  adventures  in  pa- 
triotism of  three  little  New 
Yorkers,  Beatr-ice  Forbes-Rob- 
ertson Hale  tells  a  thrilling  tale 
which  any  reader  of  from  6  to 
14  years  will  enjoy.  Alice  Beard 
contributes  4  cnarming  color 
pages. 

Q,  A  deUghtful  collection  of 
animal  stories,  told  by  a  wise 
old  chief  to  a  little  Indian  boy, 
are  gathered  into  OVER  INDIAN 
AND  ANIMAL  TRAILS,  by 
Jean  M.  Thompson.  Eight  color 
illnstrations  bv  Paul  Bransom 
make  the  book  irresistible  to 
boys  and  girls  of  from  8  to  14 
years. 

C  The  little  girls  in  Stella  G.  S. 
Ferry's  story  of  wholesome 
country  life,  QIRLS'-NEST,  are 
"so  unusually  nice,  so  natural 
and  gay,"  says  the  N.  Y.  Times, 
"  that  the  hook  u  unusually  well 
worth  reading."  The  cover  and 
frontispiece  are  in  soft  colors. 


C  At  all  booluhopg.    Send  for  {nil 
daseriptiTe  circular,  gntis. 


FREDERICK  A.  STOKES  COMPANY 

44«  Fourth  Avenue  Naw  York 


The  Outlook 


CopTficbt,  IMS,  by  The  UntOook  Company 

TABLE  OF  CONTENTS 

Vol.  120       December  4,  1918       No.  13 

Tm  ODTLOOK  n  rsBJWBO  woxLT  IT  Tm  OCTLOOI  ooMrurr, 
381  roiniTU  ATSHtm,  mw  rou.  lawsbhci  w.  auott, 
rusniBirr.  a.  t.  Tmjuwwt,  nc^mmmrr.  imuic  o.  noiT, 
Tmumiua.      moMT  a.  Anorr,  ■ourabt.      TiATm  d. 

OAEHAM,      ADTiaTiailW      HAJIACBB.  TSASLT      ■UatDUmOll— 

nrrr-Two  ttsm— tom  dollau  n  adtaxci.  nmuD 
At  noom-CLAU  hattbi,  jolt  n.  an.  at  thi  ra«T 
orma  at   mw  tou,  mamm  tub   act  aw  luaoB  s.   im 


The     Redemptioa    of    Belgium     and    of 

Altaoe-Lorraioa SI7 

The  Garman  Fla<  is  Haulad  Down S17 

German  Saa  Blunders S17 

Con^resi  Ends  and  Begins 518 

A  New  Campaign  Against  Child  Labor.. .  518 

The  Wisconsin  Idea 518 

AUsefnl  Life 519 

An  Obdurate  Mormon 519 

The  Liberated  Natioas 520 

A  Desirable  Memorial 520 

Memorial  Tree* 520 

Cartoons  of  the  Week 521 

Agriculture  in  Serbia 522 

The  President,  the  Cabinet,  Bufeaueraey, 

and  the  Country   522 

The  Oppoctunity  in  Russia 524 

The  League  to  Enforce  Peaee 524 

When  Our  Boys  Come  Marching  Home. .  526 

A  Hop  in  the  Blue  Ether 527 

A  Crisis  in  the  Leadership  of  President 

Wilson.... 528 

President  Wilson  at  the  Peace  Cooierenoa : 

A  Poll  of  the  American  Press 529 

Teachiag.the.&>Uier. 530 

The  Peace  Conferenee  at  Versailles :  A 

Great  World  Congress 532 

By  Albart  BothncU  Hut 
The  Romantic  History  of  Versailles.. . . . .  533 

By  Elbert  F.  Baldwin 

Versailles  and  the  Peace  Conference 535 

The  Education  of  Henry  Adams 538 

Peace  (Poem) 539 

By  Harold  TrowbridS*  Pnlaiier 
A  Repair  Shop  for  Men 539 

By  Frank  H.  Poner 
The  Good  Ship  Sausage 541 

By    GreSory    Maaon,  Staff  Corratpoadent  ol 
The  Outlook 

About  "Bull" 544 

By  an  Amerieao  Soldier 

War  Relief  Work  in  Japan 544 

Weekly  Outline  Study  of  Current  History  546 

By  J.  Madiion  Gathany.  A.M. 

Slackers 548 

By  Charlea  Hanaon  Towae 

The  Occupation  of  Zabem 548 

Verbal  Atrocities 550 

Tar  Kettles  of  1866 550 

Children's  Reading 552 

By  Stdonie  Matxncr  Groaobcrg 

The  New  Books 554 

Across  the  Continent  by  Motor  Truck . .  562 

In  Memoriam 564 

By  the  Way 566 

BT  SUBSCRIPTION  H.M  A  YEAR.    Single  oopiaa  10  ceota. 

For  foreign  aabacrlption  to  coiuitHea  in  tJbe  Poatal  UnioD,  16.56. 

Addreaa  all  commimicationa  to 

THE  OUTLOOK  COMPANY 

381  Fourth  Avenue  New  York  City 


4  Decanba 
TEACHERS'     AOENCIES 


The  Pratt  Teachers  Agency 

TO  Fifth  A  venae.  New  Tork 

KaoooiiDanda  teacban  to  ooHagaanuMic  audprinu  Kkock. 
Adriwa  parenu  about  •ehooU.    Wm.  O.  Pratt.  Mgr. 


SCHOOLS    AND    COLLEOEt 
MASSAOHUSETTS 


II  11  II  II  II  II  It  ■■  ■■  II  II  11 


'Ouiiniitg  jor /InDiorsllip  i 

~  HoWloWri(e,WluilioWn)e. 

and  Wh«re  \o  sell. 

CMHnMeyoiirnund.  Unlebf 
ypwrlitTary  gifta.MitJwr  ft<   j 

«fl  «f Ml^«!)^f1*«siOfi.Mdl«   ] 

your  S|Mrr«  ftnw  pra^rlaU*.    | 
niunt  yonx  ulvos  inlo  dollaxs.  j 

Coun«a  fai  Short-Scary  Wm-  ^ 
inc.  Vsniflcatkin,  JoumsliTi. 
Play -Writine.   Photoplay 
-.     _  ,         Writing,  etc.  tatacM  pcrioo* 

Dr.EsenWem  any  by  Dr.  J.  Bert  EMnwtin. 
for  many  years  editor  of  Lippincott's  Mafazine.  and 
a  staff  of  literary  experts.  Constructive  critieiiaL 
Frank,  honest,   helpful  advice.      RcaHm^ehaig. 


PBWiplBli^  hH>  finl 


$7S 


There  is  no  other  institution  or  agency  doing  so  mucb 
for  writan,  young  or  old.  The_urUversities  Tvoagnua 
this,  for  over  one  hundred  memtiars  of  the  Eagliib 
foculties  of  higher  institutioni  are  studying  in  our 
Literary  Department  The  editors  reoognifa  Jt  te 
they  are  constantly  reconunending  our  iimiw 

Ukrwry.     We  tlmt  p«M*  Tk 


Ik 


W.M.   I  II     II 

t&  Home  Cmreaxnuknce  Sdiod , 

DcptH,    SjjtSi^field.Maas. 

CST*au«HCD  taat  tMoomPvmMno  ■•oi 

imiMiMimimimimimi»TTTM 


NEW    YORK 


SL  John's  Riverside  Hospital  Tnonf 
School  for  Norses 

YONKERS.    NEW  YORK 

Radaterad  in  New  Toik  Stat^  offeia  a  S  yean'  coan-i 
refined,  educated  ~ 

adiool  or  Ita  equii 

Dliectraaa  ol  Noraaa,  Tonkera,  Hew  Tork. 


tiainlnc  to  refined. 

nenta  one  year  nicli 


lool  or  ita  equinlant.  Apply  t»  at 


OHIO 


^H|V   Bu*aan 

If  S: 

Sefl.M. 


QMBH''*'^^'" 


I  giMTnytna  hpaii^Ja  af  waai—  m  rwfT  ^ 
of  baas  wovk.  mt%n  n  to  caaUcr.  Oam. 
t,  witb  BfB,  ■  aar-    Toa  c 


PCW  WYLVAWIA 


A  Few  Boys  Can  Earn 

more  than  half  their   expeaaea    at  a  ^i^ 
known  preparatory  achooL  Addreaa  SJ*.  Oadm. 


lyTANY  readers  of  The  Outlook  will  r- 
-'-*-'-  member  with  pleasure  tliose  inteiestiif 
stories  bv  Laurence  La  Toorette  Di^^ 
"  The  Au  ventures  of  Arnold  Adair,  Amen- 
can  Ace,''  that  were  published  in  The 
Outlook  some  months  ago.  The«e  storit*. 
with  many  additional  adventures  of  AtdcU, 
have  been  published  in  book  form  I? 
Little,  Brown  &  C!o.,  the  well-known  Bos- 
ton publisliers.  It  is  a  handsomely  booixi 
volume  of  over  tliree  hundred  pages,  con- 
taining many  illostrationB  from  origiiul 
drawings  and  photographs,  and  will  imfct 
a  most  attractive  Christnuts  Gift.  The  re- 
tail price  of  the  book  is  S1.35  net  Br 
special  arrangement  witli  the  publisher  <t 
are  able  to  offer  it  in  combuuUion  vitfa ' 
year's  subscription  to  The  Oatlook  at  iIk 
special  price  of  S4.35  for  the  book  sixi 
the  subscription.  'Only  a  limited  nnmbtf 
of  volumes  are  available  for  this  offet' 
which  will  be  withdrawn  when  our  pre** 
supply  is  exhausted. 

THE   OUTLOOK  COMPANY 


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THE  OUTLOOK 


515* 


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How  Corrective  Eating  Removed 
My  Indigestion  In  48  Hours 


IT^OR  aboat  a  year  I  had  snffered  agonies. 
1^    No  matter  what  I  ate  I  was  abnost 
constantly  affected  with  indigestion  of 
lie  worst  Qrpe. 

[  went  to  buoiness  ever^  day  and  went 
hroogfa  the  motions  of  doing  a  day's  woi^ 
Imt  my  mind  was  more  on  my  stomach 
lian  on  what  I  was  doing,  and  about  one 
lay  a  week  I  had  to  give  up  and  go  home. 
Sometimes  in  the  morning  when  I'd  go  in 
to  the  bath-room  to  shave  I'd  become  so 
&int  from  the  gnawing  at  my  stomach 
ihat  I'd  have  to  go  back  to  bed  and  rest 
lefore  {;oing  on. 

L)ne  time  I  went  to  Chicago  and  I  was  so 
Dck  I  had  to  sit  up  in  the  smoking  com> 
partment  all  ni^t. 

(fatoraUy  I  got  thin  and  weak.  I  tried 
iverytiiing — ^medicines,  diets,  exercising — 
Ul  without  avaiL  I  was  growing  desperate. 
\.t  thirty  years  of  age  I  was  an  ola  man. 
Business,  instead  of  a  pleasure,  became  a 
terrible  tax. ' 

Finally  one  noon  at  the  Hotel  Vanderbilt 
n  New  York  I  was  asked  to  join  a  party 
>f  men  I  knew  at  one  of  the  tables.  Among 
Jiem  was  Eugene  Christian,  who  was  intro- 
Inced  to  me  as  the  great  food  specialist. 
[  ordered  my  usual  simple  lunch  and  we 
rot  to  taDdng  about  various  things.  Finally 
lie  subject  of  food  and  its  relation  to 
ieahh  came  up  and  I  mentioned  my 
troables  to  Mr.  Christian. 

He  looked  at  the  lunoh 
I  had  before  me  and 
smiled. 

"It's  eaajr  to  see  wh; 
Toa  are  sick,"  he  nid. 
That  oombinatioii  of 
foods  yon  have  befor« 
you,  while  it  nndonbt- 
edly  seems  simple 
enongfh  to  you,  if  her- 
metically sealed  ia  a 
glass  retort  would  ex- 
plode and  blow  it  to 
oits.  No  wonder  yon 
have  indigestiap." 
And  there  I  was  eating 
what  seemed  to  me  the 
moat  digestible  combin- 
ation 1  knew  of. 

"There  is  nothing 
wrong  with  an^  of  these 
foods  individnally," 
oontinued  the  doctor. 
"  Each  is  a  good  nour- 
ishing food.  Ttie  trouble 
is  that  they  do  not  react 
well  tofieUier.  Unfor- 
tunately we  do  not 
digest  each  kind  of  food 
separately.  Instead 

everything  we  eat  at  the 
same  menl  is  digested 
together.  Yon  could  not 
help  having  an  acid  re- 
action from  that  com- 
bination— and  stomach 
acidity  and  fermenta- 
tion are  at  the  root  of 
nearly  all  the  ailments 
of  mankind." 
I  was  so  interested  in 
what  Eugene  Christian 
bad  said  that  the  next 
day  I  called  at  hin  office 
and  asked  him  to  toll 


Twenty  yrmn  ato  Eutem 
CkriiJsa  w*>  at  desth'i 
door;  for  tercn]  reus 
preriaei  he  had  lufctcd  al 
VK  asoeicaej  acute  rtonMcfa 
mi  iiiaatinil  imtilila,  nod 
lat  uiwSwi  —  uniiws  Iraa 
Maw  of  ne  miMl  Dolnii^ec- 


himaptodK.  Aialame- 
■otf.  M  ooomcBoad  lol 
*e  ioodquotii 
A>  a  Msk  ui  what  he 
kana^  na  lUccMoad  ai 
liteialT  aalmahia  wajr  back 
lo  heaUi  winonl  dnifi  « 
iidiciact  d  m  load,  aad 
ia  a  KMiaittlilr  ihen  «aa 

Rasmt  andaa  is  ladar 
■hiIt  astr  jnan  oU— at 
dial  I  ny  rvrntt  For  he 
faia  mem  <ilalil|r,  nace  aja- 
aic.  neae  civaeal  cndur- 


Farahacaltf. 

, I  na  baa  not  area 

had  m  aaah  ai  a  cold. 
What  Eofcoe  OiriMiaa  ha» 
doae  for  haaael  be  hat  aba 
doae  for  Ifaeaiaodi  of  othcn. 
b  it  aay  wooder  that  mna 
«i  Ua  rich  popib  ha«e  laal 
kia  <ha«b  ht  $500  lo 
$1,000  ia  additian  Is  die 
SMsal  «i  bia  faa  ia  token 
o<  dM  woadarful  iai£be 
lieidicail 


By  Roy  W.  Walter 


me  what  to  eat  in  order  to  get  on  my  feet 
again. 

lluB  he  did,  suggesting  many  of  the  same 
foods  I  had  been  eating  but  in  different 
combinations  and  proportions.  I  immedi- 
atelv  followed  his  advice,  starting  at  noon 
of  the  day  I  saw  him.  That  very  afternoon 
I  felt  better  than  I  had  for  a  long  time. 
That  night  I  slept  as  I  hadn't  slept  for 
months  and  by  the  second  day  following — 
just  48  hours  after  I  first  followed  the 
great  food  specialist's  advice,  I  felt  like  a 
new  man — ^niy  indigestion  had  completely 
vanished. 

And  the  wonderful  part  of  it  u  that  to  this 
day  it  has  never  returned.  All  I  do  is  to 
eat  the  combinations  that  were  recom- 
mended to  me — that  is  alL  No  medicines 
of  any  kind. 

I  had  always  thought  that  dieting  was  a 
mighty  dist^reeable  thing ;  meant  all  sorts 
of  nardshipe  and  deprivations,  but  not  so 
with  Christian's  Corrective  Eating — instead 
I  enjoy  my  meals  more  now  than  I  ever 
have  before. 

The  experience  of  the  author  of  the  above 
stoty  is  typical  of  that  of  thousands  of  suf- 
ferers from  stomach  and  intestinal  dis- 
orders who  after  trying  eveiythi^  avail- 
able have  at  last  turned  to  Eugene  Christian 
and  secured  relief  for  the  first  time.  And 
the  beauty  of  it  all  is  that  results  come  im- 
mediately— usually  only  a  matter  of  hours. 

The  reason  for  this  almost  universal  suc- 
cess is  because  Corrective  Eating  is  founded 
on  nature's  laws — laws  that  not  one  person 
in  a  hundred  under  our  present  system  of 
living  follows. 

Food  b  the  fuel  of  the  human  system.  Yet 
some  of  the  combinations  of  n>od  we  put 
in  our  systems  are  as  dangerous  as  dyna- 
mite, soggy  wood,  and  a  minimum  of  coal 
would  be  for  a  furnace  and  just  about  as 
effective.  Is  it  any  wonder  that  the  aver- 
age life  of  men  today  is  but  thirty-nine 
years  and  that  disease  of  the  stomach,  liver 
and  kidneys  have  increased  103^  during 
the  past  few  years  ! 

The  trouble  is  that  no  one  lias,  until  re- 
cently, given  any  stody  to  the  question  of 
food  ami  its  relation  to  the  human  body. 
Instead  we  all  eat  blindly,  seeming  to 
forget  completely  the  way  foods  lorm 
chemical  reactions  in  the  stomach  and  give 
off.  dangerous  toxins  which  enter  the  blood 
and  slowly  poison  our  entire  system,  sap- 
ping our  vitality  and  depleting  our  effi- 
ciency in  the  meantime. 

And  yet  just  as  wrong  food  selections  and  combin- 
atioiw  will  destroy  our  health  and  efioiency,  so  « ill 
the  right  foods  create  and  maintain  bodily  vigor  and 
mental  energy.  And  by  right  foods  we  do  not  mean 
freak  foods— jnat  good,  every-day  foods  properly 
combined,  foods  that  you  can  get  in  any  restaurant 
or  store.  In  fact,  to  follow  Corrective  Eating  it 
isn't  even  necessary  to  upset  your  table. 

•  ••••• 

There  have  been  so  many  inquiries  from  all  parts 
of  the    United    States    from  p«upl«    wteking  the 


benefit  of  Eugene  Christian's  advice  that 
he  has  written  a  little  course  of  lessons 
which  tells  you  exactlv  what  to  eat  for 
health,  strength  and  efficiency.  This  coarse 
is  published  by  The  Corrective  Eating 
Society  of  New  York. 
These  lessons,  there  are  24  of  them,  contain 
actual  menus  for  breakfast,  luncheon  and 
dinner,  curative  as  well  as  corrective,  oovei^ 
ing  evenr  condition  of  health  imd  sickness 
from  inuncy  to  old  age  and  for  aU  occu- 
pations, climates  and  seasons. 

Reasons  are  given  for  every  recommendi^ 
tion  based  upon  actual  results  secured  in 
the  author's  many  years  of  practice, 
although  technical  terms  have  been  avoided. 
Every  point  is  explained  so  clearly  tiiat 
there  can  be  no  possible  misunderstanding. 
With  these  lessons  at  hand  it  is  just  as 
though  you  were  in  ^rsonal  contact  with 
the  great  food  specialist,  because  everjr 
possible  point  is  so  thoroughly  covered  that 
yon  can  scarcely  think  of  a  question  tiiak 
isn't  answered.  You  can  start  eating  the 
very  things  that  'Will  produce  the  increased 
physical  and  mental  energy  you  are  seeking 
the  day  you  receive  the  lessons  and  will  find 
that  you  secure  results  with  the  first  meaL 

If  yon  would  like  to  examine  these  2i 
Little  Lessons  in  Corrective  Eating  simply 
write  The  Corrective  Eating  Society,  Inc, 
Dept  1512,  443  Fourth  Ave.,  New  Yor» 

City.  It  is  not  necessary 


to  enoloae  any  money 
with  your  request. 
Merely  ask  them  to 
send  the  leaaops  on  five 
days'  trial  with  the  nn- 
derstanding  that  yon 
will  either  return  them 
within  that  time  or  re- 
mit $3.00,  the  small  fee 
aaked. 

The  reason  that  the  So- 
detv  is  willing  to  send 
the  leasons  on  free  exam- 
ination without  money 
in  advance  is  because 
they  want  to  remove 
every  obstacle  to  put- 
ting this  knowledge  in 
the  hands  of  the  many 
interested  people  as  soon 
as  poaable,  knowing  full 
well  that  a  test  of  some 
of  the  menus  in  the 
lessons  tberaselvea  are 
more  conriuang  than 
anything  that  can  poHsi- 
bly  be  said  about  them. 

Please  olip'oot  and  mail 
the  following  form  inr 
stead  of  writing  a  letter, 
as  this  is  a  copy  of  the 
official  bUnk  adopted 
by  the  Society  and  will 
he  honored  at  onoe. 


What  People  Say: 

"  Received  the  leaaoM  diiee 
day»  UD  and  tod  iber  ai« 
in*  what  I  waoled.  I  have 
alnady  benefited  hoa  dnn 


"Iwnlileiaythal  I 
the    24   Utde 

on  diet 

aiirfcation  ladiKaae.Drus> 

need  never  eatef    a  hone 


<iide« 


I  have  no  niore  treuble 
wtlh  my  ■toeaacfa.  1  thiak 
ritOT  are  the  fmat  booka  I 
ev^taaw.  I  have  aJto  put  my 
}  babiea  on  diet.  I  not  only 
tnd  il  oheapec  to  Kveby  the 
nnt  m  Iflie  Hoosi  bnl  food 
ii  dekcioMi  cooked  by  yow 
method." 

"»l  had  ol  been  the  no., 
•amoc  tt  nch  a  sat  ihiee 
yeanaao,  I  wtiuld  never  <l 
been  herein  hotnjtal  today. 
Soch  it  my  kim  belief.'* 

"YoiB  watk  ia  the  belt 
help  velin  al  my  20  yean 


Correctiv*  Ealing  Society,  Inc. 

Dnpl.  1812,  443  Fourth  A**..  New  Ynrit  Ctty 

You  may  aend  me  iire|inid  a  uopy  of  CorrectiTe  Eatlnf  In  'M 
Leaaooa.  I  will  either  ramall  them  to  you  irlthin  Ave  ilaya 
after  receipt  or  aeod  you  $3. 


.Addn 


City Digitizia«Uay.' 


Google 


516» 


THE  OUTLOOK 

lAt/t'er/iiYmenf] 


How  a  $2.00  Book  Brought  Fortune 

to  One  Family 

Read  IV  hat  Mr.  Fuller  ton  Says  About  the  Affairs  of  a  Toung 
Couple   Almost    Stranded   on    the    Reefs    of   Home    Finance 

By  Hugh  S.  Fullerton 


THIS  is  the  story  of  how  $2.00  invested 
in  a  book  prevented  a  divorce,  averted 
bankruptcy  and  made  a  home  happy 
and  prosperous.  It  was  told  to  me  by  the 
husband  and  father  as  we  sat  on  the  porch 
of  their  home  in  Orange,  N.J.  Six  years  ago 
he  was  bankrupt,  in  danger  of  losing  his  job 
and  threatened  with  divorce  proceedings  be- 
cause of  his  financial  situation.'  His  business 
credit  was  damaged  and  even  tradesmen  were 
suspicious. 

He  brought  out  a  neatly  bound  volume  and 
showed  it  proudJy.  In  it  were  printed  head- 
ings, rows  of  neat  tigures  in'a  feminine  hand, 
and  many  red  and  blue  lined  columns.  At  the 
head  of  the  columns  were  such  words  as 
"  Rent,"  "  Light  and  Heat,"  "  Groceries," 
"  Lal)or,"  " Charities," and  others.  It  was  so 
simple  that  even  a  busy  farmer's  wife,  or  a 
girl  without  knowledge  of  bookkeeping  could 
understand  it  instanUyand  keep  it  posted  up 
each  day  in  two  minutes. 

"  That  book  was  worth  $28,000  to  me,"  he 
said.  "  It  made,  saved  and  invested  ti^at 
much  for  roe  in  six  vears." 

I  was  puzzled  ana  inquired  how. 

"  When  Ella  and  I  were  married,  eleven 
years  ago,"  he  said,  "  I  had  $10,000  and  she 
had  $5,000,  a  wedding  gift.  My  job  paid 
$5,800  a  year  and  small  investments  added 
al)out  $8$0  to. that.  My  wife's  father  was 
reputed  wealthy.  His  income  was  large,  his 
family  expensive,  and  Ella,  the  only  daughter, 
was  l>rought  up  ignorant  of  housekeeping, 
marketing,  cooking  or  finance.  She  had 
charge  accounts  at  the  stores  and  bought 
what  she  wanted.  Sometimes  her  father 
kicked  on  the  bills  but  he  always  paid  them. 
The  mother  was  in  society  and  spent  money 
the  same  way  as  did  the  boys.  Ella  and  I 
had  a  big  wedding^  and  took  an  expensive 
apartment  uptown  in  New  York. 

"  I  was  a  good  salesman  and  a  pi>()r  buver. 
I  had  formed  expensive  bachelor  nal>its,liked 
good  clothes,  cigars  and  drinks.  Of  hou.se- 
iiold  management  I  was  as  ignorant  as  my 
wife.  Marriage  made  little  change  in  my 
habits.  I  ate  at  expensive  restaurants,  bought 
drinks  and  cigars,  paid  for  lunches  for  others, 
and  tipped  freely.  We  entertained,  my  wife 
ran  l>ills  at  stores,  and  six  months  after  mar- 
riage I  found  expenses  exceeding  salary  and 
$3,000  of  my  reserve  fund  gone.  I  was  startled 
but  attributed  it  to 'extraordinary  expenses' 
natural  to  establishing  a  household.  A  year 
later  we  still  were  drawing  on  our  reserve  to 
meet  'extraordinary  expenses.'  The  end  of 
the  second  year  brought  our  first  baby,  and  I 
attributed  the  deficit  for  that  year  to  'extraor- 
dinary expenses.'  The  third  year  brought 
our  second  baby  and  more '  extraordinary  ex- 

{»enses.'  Our  entertainment  bills  were  cut, 
lut  doctors,  nurses,  etc.,  and  'extraordinary 
expenses '  ate  up  the  small  reserve. 

"  Les.s  than  a  year  later  my  father-in-law 
died,  leaving  only  a  few  thousand  dollars  when 
debts  were  paid.  His  death  alarmed  me  be- 
cause I  had  felt  that,  if  we  came  a  cropper, 
l\e  would  help  us.  My  wife  had  expected  an 
inheritance,  r  or  the  first  time  I  was  seriously 
alarmed.  Expenses  still  exceeded  salary 
and  my  reserve  was  wiped  out.  1  told  my 
wife  and  discovered  that  she  had  checked 
out  practically  all  her  $5,000  for  trifles. 

''  i  commenced  to  economize  on  lunches, 
drinks,  cigars  and  clothes  and  avoided  the 
e.xtravagant  fellows.  My  clothing  looked 
slidl>l)y.  1  commenced  to  lose  my  grip  in 
I«iiMne.s!i.  Debts  were  pressing  and  even  the 
Crocer  wa>  hesitating  alwut  credit. 


"  The  climax  came  when  the  monthly  bills  from 
the  stores  came,  i  wa«  bankrupt  and  my  wife's 
charge  accounts  were  larger  than  ever,  and  her 
bank  account  was  overdrawn.  I  scolded,  stormed, 
told  her  that  her  extravagance  had  ruined  us.  She 
retorted  that  I  drank  ana  was  wasteful  and  per- 
haps worse.  Each  »aw  the  extravagance  of  the 
other.  The  quarrel  became  so  serious,  that  she 
left  me  and  went  to  her  mother.  1  realized  that 
I  had  ))een  wrong  and  determined  tu  borrow  and 
pay  debts,  try  to  reconcile  my  wife  and  make  a 
new  start.  I  went  to  my  employer  and  a:>ked 
him  to  advance  Sl.OOO  on  my  salary. 

"  '  So  it  has  come  ?'  he  a>ked.  '  I've  been  ex- 
pecting it.  No,  I  won't  advance  you  money, 
right  It  out  yourself.' 

"I  was  hurt  and  angry.  He  checked  me  as  I 
started  out,  and  took  tnis  book  from  a  drawer. 

*"  Here  is  something  that  will  help  you  to  help 
yourself,'  he  said.  '  It  will  help  more  than  lending 
you  money  would.' 

"The  idea  of  a  book  full  of  red  and  blue 
lines  helping  me  when  I  needed  money  seemed 
ridiculous. 

" '  Vour  father-in-law  died  broke  because  he  let 
his  family  waste  money,'  the  boss  said.  *  He  was 
a  good  business  man  in  the  otEce  and  bad  at 
home.  He  let  a  fortune  be  frittered  away.  Vour 
wife  is  like  him  and  you  are  as  bad.  Neither  of 
you  know  what  becomes  of  your  money.  My  wife 
and  1  have  kept  home  accounts  ever  since  we 
were  married.  We  spend  lass  money  than  you 
do  and  get  more  out  of  it.  Take  this  book  to 
your  wife.  Both  of  you  study  it  and  have  her 
keep  it.  Voull  find  w-hat  becomes  of  your  money 
and  if  you  have  any  sense  you  can  atop  the 
waste.' 

'•  I  took  the  book  without  enthu8ia.sni  or  hope 
and  with  some  disgust,  but  that  evening  I  studied 
the  simple  instructions  and  looked  over  the 
headings  of  columns.  The}'  did  not  interest  me 
until  I  wondered  idly  how  much  we  spent  under 
each  divi.vion.  Even  rough  mental  calculation 
startled  me.  '  Amusements,'  for  instance,  cost 
three  timeN  as  much  as  I  would  have  guessed.  I 
roughly  estimated  each  item  and  began  to  see 
what  the  boss  was  drivine  at  when  he  gave  me 
the  book.  I  studied  the  Dook  until  midnight, 
made  a  resolution  and  early  the  next  morning  1 
went  to  my  wife,  admitted  I  had  been  wrong,  and 
we  made  up.  I  explained  about  the  book.  She 
was  interested  in  ten  minutes  and  in  half  an  hour 
was  excited. 

"'  I.et's  call  a  taxi,  go  to  the  apartment  and 
figure  the  old  bills,'  J  suggested. 

" '  No,  let's  take  a  street  car,'  she  corrected. 

"  We  studied  bills  and  the  book  all  Sunday. 
Monday  she  started  to  keep  the  acconnts.  She 
never  even  had  kept  a  diary,  but  found  the  book 
so  simple  and  so  interesting  that  it  took  only  a 
few  minutes  a  day.  We  both  were  amazed  to 
find  how  much  money  we  had  spent  uselessly 
and  often  for  things  without  value  and  for 
amusements  that  liored  us.  In  a  month  we  were 
living  within  our  income  and  paying  debts.  My 
wife  wa.s  rather  rigid  in  her  economies.  \Ve  sub- 
let our  apartment  and  rented  this  house  with  the 
privilege  of  buying.  Kntertainment,  amusement, 
dress.  Dills  came  down,  useless  and  wasteful 
spending  stopped.  We  were  amazed  to  find  that 
we  had  better  times,  had  more  and  enjoyed 
things  more  than  we  ever  had  done. 

"  In  six  months  we  were  clear  of  debt  and  we 


and  I  discovered   items  that   entided  hm  to 
deductions. 

"  1  have  presented  copies  of  the  book  to  all  ni 
young  friends  and  to  every  boy  and  giri  in  tbc  in 
who  gets  married.  I  think  it  is  the  best  vedtfiif 
gift  possible  and  I  advise  every  man  who  thlnb 
nb  wife  is  extravagant  or  wasteful  to  buy  one  f« 
her,  although  I  warn  him  that  he  willnndahi 
part  of  the  extravagance  is  his  own." 
•        •        •        • 

Woolson's  Economy  Expense  Book  \ra»  it- 
signed  by  an  expert  accountant  to  enaUe  lu.«  vit 
to  keep  their  household  accounts  and  det^ot 
income  and  expense  without  waste  of  time.  Ili> 
so  simjde  that  any  woman  orgiri  can  keep  it  aDd 
two  mmutea  a  day  is  am^e  to  record  the accoiBB 
of  the  average  family.  The  book  contains  ipacc 
for  four  years  so  that  its  actual  cost  is  fifty  nni< 
a  year. 

No  knowledge  of  bookkeeping  or  accounDa; 
is  necessary  and  ix  the  end  of  each  d;^,  vni. 
month  or  year  the  family  can  see  each  ixnn;  of 
income  or  expen.s«.  The  expert  w  ho  devised  ikr 
book  devised  such  a  simple,  easy  system  ttui 
ordinary  items  of  household  expenses  are  cla>>i- 
fled  and  columns  left  for  extraordinary  iteii> 
I'lie  book  also  is  printed  in  blank  for  tnoM  de- 
siring to  make  their  own  expense  dassificatioas 

The  average  family  ha.s  trouUe  in  ecoaoniiiiif 
because  no  one  knows  which  of  the  litde  expnuo 
is  sapping  the  income  and  no  one  know;  vbtie 
to  turn  to  check  needless  spending.  Men  nli'. 
are  careful  in  business  ordinarily  are  carelewa.- 
to  home  expenditures  and  few,  either  of  men  01 
women,  realize  the  necessity  of  careful  houxbuld 
management.  Woolson's  Economy  Expnee 
Book  shows  where  each  penny  gi  >es  and  make- 
it  easy  to_  locate  financial  leaks  and  stop  ihem 
It  shows  just  how  much  is  being  spent  fordrcu. 
food,  fuel,  allowances,  amusements,  etc..  and  ail 
at  a  glance.  Instead  of  l>eing  complicated  aid 
tiresome  the  keeping  of  this  book  soon  btconw 
a  pleasure  and  frequently  prevents  or  settle 
family  arguments  over  money  matters.  Once 
started  the  keeping  of  the  book  become^  1 
fascinating  game. 

Income  taxes  must  be  paid  next  June.  Tte 
book  will  help  you  plan  to  meet  your  tax  andR- 
duce  it  to  a  minimum.  For  it  will  supply  Toa 
with  a  record  of  certain  disbursements,  sncn  u 
taxes,  intere.st,  charities,  etc.,  which  may  be  de- 
ducted from  your  income. 

This  is  the  year  for  the  presenting  of  useful 
gifts.  Present  this  book  to  a  young  couple  jist 
starting  in  the  serious  business  of  marrian  Ji>d 
you  win  confer  on  them  a  lasting  benefit.  Presesi 
a  copy  to  any  man  or  woman  who  helie\n  * 
correct  living  and  you  will  al.>io  confer  a  MmiUr 
benefit. 

The  publishers  are  desirous  while  the  inteieJ 
of  the  American  public  Is  fastened  on  the  pro-'' 
lem  of  high-cost-of-living  to  distribute  seven) 
hundred  thousand  copies  of  the  new  greatly  ba- 
proved  edition  and  are  doing  it  in  this  way: 

Merely  write  to  them  and  ask  that  a  copjr  he 
sent  you  without  cost  for  a  five  days'  examiii' 
tion.  If  at  the  end  of  the  time  you  decide  to  keef 
it,  send  $2.00  in  payment, or  if  you  wish  tu  renn 
it,  you  can  do  so  without  further  obligation,  ^erd 
no  money  ($2.00)  unless  you  prefer  to  do  so.  Ir 
either  case  the  book  is  sent  on  approval.  MerelT 
fill  in   the  coupon,  supply  business  refereiKt. 


.„,     ,      ,  mail,  and  the  book  will  m  sent  you  immediatci; 

have  gone  right  ahead  from  that.  The  book  con-  ^ 

tains  space  for  four  years'  accounts  and  when  it  GEORGE    B.   WOOLSON    dc    COMPART 

was  fined  we  had  new  investments,  had   the  117-L  Wm*  32<I  Str»«t                      NawYakCb 

house  half  paid  for  and  our  income  was  larger  and  %«««m»»««««««mm«m«»  «••••••• 

expen.ses  smaHer.  My  wife  had  forgotten  extrav-  -   •«            m.  f 

agance  and  developed  into    a  good   manager.  G«or«e  B.  WooImb  *  CampaBy, 

\Vhen  the  old  book  was  full  we  bought  another.  l-'-l-  W«»t  32a  Stnei. 

"The  book  is  Woolson's  P^conomy  Expense  N«w  York  City 

Book  and  we  both  attribute  our  change  of  for-  Without obli^atiauplmeaeud me.  all fteitmpnfiM, 7" 

tunes  to  it  because  it  showed  us  just  where  our  •wok-   I  »grBe  to  wid  «!.oo  to  Ihte  d«y»  or  f»tiii»  «h»  w* 
errors  were  and  what  leaks  to  stop.   It  revealed 
to  us  the  necessity  of  a  radical  change  in  mode 

of  living  to  avert  ruin.  *•■"" 

"  This  year  alone  the  l>ook  .saved  me  the  price 

of  two  dozenlikeit.  I  wasstumpedinmakingout  Addi»M 

my  income  tax  schedule  and  borrowed  the  book  '/    '^  l^-^l^\^ 

from  my  wife  to  get   exact  data.     In  the  first  ninitiypH  h\/ V  lOOO  Iv 

schedull  I  had  overestimated  my  income  $100  ..'r:'.9|F.^f.9.!^y..>7:'.>;:.Vr:^f.>: 


The  Outlook 

DECEMBER  4,  1918 
Offices,  381  Fourth  Avenue,  New  York 


HE  REDEMPTION  OF  BELGIUM 
ND  OF  ALSACE-LORRAINE 

Bmasds,  Metz,  Stiasbotuc — cme  week  Baw  the  reoccupa- 

00  of  these  capita^  cities  by  their  rightful  possessors. 

The  royal  progress  of  King  Albert  through  Ghent,  Antwerp, 
sd  finally  Bruswls,  was  the  visible  symbol  that  BeJgium  has 
iumphantly  taken  its.  plaoe  again  among  the  nations  of  the 
orld,  and  that  its  sacrifice,  fortitude,  and  loyalty  have  met 
teir  reward.  The  ecstasy  of  the  people  as  they  strewed 
te  path  of  the  King  and  Queen  with  fiowers  and  at  every 
reet  comer  sang  the  national  anthem  was  the  evidence,  not 
ily  of  that  personal  admiration  which  all  the  world  feels 
rward  die  dauntless  yet  simple  and  modest  sovereign,  but  of 
>e  personal  affection  and  heartfelt  devotion  that  a  rejoicing 
kmUy  might  feel  at  the  return  of  its  faithful  and  beloved 
sad. 

King  Albert's  address  before  the  Belgian  Parliament  was 
orthy  of  a  King  who  is  statesman  as  weU  as  hero.  His  first 
lyal  act  yna  the  announcement  that  the  Government  proposes 
>  the  Parliament  that  it  should  lower,  by  patriotic  agreement, 
le  ancient  barriers  and  make  the  consultation  of  the  nation 
reality  on  the  basis  of  equal  suffrage  for  all  men  of  the  mature 
je  required  for  the  exercise  of  civil  rights.  The  King  pictured 
le  future  Belgium  in  these  words : 

Belgium,  victorious  and  freed  from  the  neutrality  that  was 
imposed  upon  her  by  states  which  have  been  shattered  to  their 
foundations  by  war,  wiQ  enjoy  complete  independence.  Belgium, 
re-established  in  all  its  rights,  will  role  its  destinies  according 
to  its  aspirations  and  in  fnU  sovereignty. 

The  occasion  was  made  peculiarly  impressive  by  the  presence 
;  the  Cathedral,  where  a  great  Te  Denm  vras  simg,  at  the  cere- 
onies  in  the  Chamber  of  Parliament,  and  at  the  King's  recep- 
on,  of  a  group  of  men  closely  associated  with  Belgiiun's  struggle 
rainst  the  German  oppressor.  Among  them  were  the  noble  and 
>voted  Cardinal  Meroier,  General  Leman,  the  defender  of 
ii-ge.  Burgomaster  Max,  who  sturdily  withstood  the  Germans' 
vatment  of  Belgian  citizens,  and  Brand  Whitlock,  the  Amer- 
au  Minister  to  Belgium,  who  worked  hand  in  hand  with  all 
ho  tried  to  keep  German  arrogance  within  bounds,  and  who 
IS  writtoi  a  narrative  of  the  outrage  on  Belgium  which  every 
merican  should  read. 

Almost  eqnaUy  significant  was  the  liberation  of  Metz  and 
trasbourg.  Marshu  P^tain,  the  victor  of  Verdun,  led  his  army 
to  the  great  stronghold  of  Ijorraiue.  The  statues  of  German 
Jers  had  disappeared  overnight ;  the  language  of  France  was 
)w  freely  spoken  ;  in  every  way  Met2  showed  that  in  an  aston- 
hiugly  large  number  of  its  people  it  was  still,  after  the  pa8safi;e 
'  forty-seven  years,  loyal  to  France.  Straslmurg  (hereafter  ue 
rench  spelling  should  be  observed)  showed  equal  enthusiasm  in 
elcoming  its  liberators.  Marshal  retain  had  as  his  associate  in 
king  possession  of  the  city  General  Castelnau,  who  in  the 
irly  part  of  the  war  saved  Nancy  from  the  Germans,  and 
hose  fine  career  as  a  soldier,  reaching  back  to  the  time  of 
le  first  Franco-Prussian  War,  has  just  been  recognized  by 
K>  grant  of  the  tide  of  Marshal.  King  Albert  of  Belgium 
>ok  part  also  in  the  ceremonies  at  the  Alsace  capital.  De- 
ri]>tions  of  the  rejoicing  in  Straslwurg  show  that  the  enthu- 
osm  was  spontaneous,  and  tliat  it  was  evinced  in  a  hundred 
icturesque  ways,  notably  by  the  stretching  of  red,  white, 
id  blue  ribbons  across  the  streets  and  of  gay  dancing  and 
Dging  throughout  the  night. 

Our  American  troops  mive  passed  thnn^h  Luxemburg,-  and, 

1  we  write,  are  over  its  borders  and  in  German  territory.  A 
lensing  feature  of  the  American  entry  into  the  city  of  Lux- 
nborg  was  the  presence  of  General  Pershing  and  the  young 


and  beautiful  Grand  Duchess,  who  reviewed  together  the  Amer- 
ican troims  as  they  passed.  The  people  of  the  small  country 
were  evidently  delij^hted  to  get  rid  of  the  Crermans,  and  placed 
implicit  confidence  m  Greneral  Pershing's  pledge  that  the  Amer- 
ican occupation  was  temporary,  that  tl^  local  government  and 
institutions  would  not  be  interfered  with,  nor  the  persons  and 
property  of  the  people  molested. 

THE  GERMAN  FLAG  IS  HAULED  DOWN 

"  The  German  flag  will  be  hauled  down  at  sunset  to-day. 
It  will  not  be  hoisted  again  without  permission."  This  order 
was  issued  on  the  afternoon  of  November  21  by  Admiral  Beatty, 
Commander-in-Chief  of  the  British  fleet,  from  on  board  the 
Queen  Elizabeth,  his  flagship,  to  sevens-one  German  war- 
vessels  surrendered  under  the  terms  of  the  armistice  and 
then  assembled  in  the  waters  of  the  Firth  of  Forth.  The 
order  was  a  correct  and  projier  naval  technicality  in  the  process 
of  taking  over  the  ships.  It  was  also  symbolic  of  the  triumph 
of  the  Allied  sea  power  over  Germany's  dastardly  sea  warfare 
against  non-combatants.  Admiral  Beatty  was  right  when  on  that 
same  night  he  directed  a  tlianksgiving  service  to  be  held  on  his 
ship  for  "  the  victory  Almighty  God  has  vouchsafed,"  and  when 
he  declared  in  his  address  to  the  fleet  that,  although  it  had  been 
deprived  of  the  long,  eagerly  awaited  opportunity  to  fight  the 
enemy  in  the  open,  tbe  sailors  and  ofiicers  had  truly  gained  a 
victory  over  the  sea  power  of  the  enemy. 

The  impressive  scenes  which  attended  the  delivery  of  this 
mighty  fleet  of  Germany  and  of  all  or  nearly  all  of  the  subma- 
rines in  her  possession  emphasize  the  truth  of  the  theory  of  the 
supr^nacy  of  sea  power.  Although  the  British  fleet  fought  (Mily 
one  sea  battle  of  any  importance  during  the  four  years  of  the 
war,  it  made  victory  possible^indeed,  it  may  be  argued  that 
without  it,  aided  b^  the  American  and  French  navies,  victory 
would  have  been  impossible.    Only  by  keeping  the  German 
navy  off  the  sea  was  it  possible  to  convey  millions  of  troops  to 
Europe  from  England  and  America  and  to  supply  them  with . 
munitions.    And  not  only  by  its  superiority  in  ships  and  guns, 
but  by  its  splendid  equipment,  its  skill,  readiness,  and  unweary- 
ing alertness  month  in  and  month  out,  night  and  day,  the  Allied 
fleet  was  able  to  keep  the  submarine  menace  witiiin  bounds. 
As  one  correspondent  who  witnessed  the  spectacle  describes  it : 
It  was  the  passing  of  a  wliole  fleet  that  marked  the  final  ignoble 
abandonment  of  tite  vainglorious  challenge  to  the  naval  sapron- 
acy  of  Britain.    I  watched  the  scene  from  -  the  flagship  of  the 
British  Commander-in-Chief.    Never  has  a  pageant  so  majesti- 
cally demonstrated  tlie  might  of  Britain's  navy.  Australia,  Can- 
ada, Soutli  Africa,  and  New  Zealand  had  places  in  the  spectacle. 
American  and  French  war8hi|>8  were  there,  but,  above  all  this,  it 
was  the  day  of  the  British  nav^^'s  supreme  reward  for  unceasing 
vigilance  and  unrelenting,  noiseless  pressure  on  the  vitals  <a 
Germany. 


GERMAN    SEA  BLUNDERS 

No  one  can  blame  Germany  for  not  risking  a  sea  battie  of 
the  first  magnitude.  At  sea  she  was  outnumbered  and  out- 
classed. When  she  was  at  the  point  of  military  collaiwe,  she  half 
determined  to  stake  her  last  throw  on  a  Grand  Fleet  engage^ 
ment,  but  her  saUora  rebelled  against  the  sacrifice.  But  now  it 
appears  probable  that  her  whole  naval  policy  was  wrong-headed. 
The  authority  for  this  is  the  German  naval  critic  Captain 
Feraius.  In  a  sensational  article  in  the  Beriin  "Tagebmtt," 
summarized  in  London  despatches.  Captain  Persius  says  in 
effect  that  Gennan  naval  men  recognized  perfectiy  after  the 
defeat  of  the  German  fleet  at  the  Battle  of  Bkaggerak  that  it 

Digitized  by  VJ^^VJv'l*^ 


518 


THE   OUTLOOK 


4  Dcennii^ 


was  f oUy  even  to  think  of  riaking  a  second  general  naval  en- 
gagement. It  is  now  admitted  in  Germany,  although  heretofore 
8tren»onsly  denied,  that  the  German  navy  narrowly  escaped 
destiniction  at  that  time,  and  owed  that  escape  largely  to  favor- 
ingweather  conditions. 

The  sound  policy,  then.  Captain  Persius  points  out,  was  per- 
fectly obvious.  It  was  to  put  every  ounce  of  effort,  every  dollar 
of  money,  into  building  submarines,  to  flood  the  seas  with  sub- 
marines, and  thus  to  starve  England  and  retard  English  and 
American  armies.  But  Admiral  von  Tirpitz  was  obstinate.  He 
rejected  advice  and  appeals,  and  continued  to  build  battleships 
which  are  now  incomplete  and  useless  on  the  stocks.  For  this  he 
used  men  and  material  which  should  have  gone  into  submarines. 
The  result  was  that  when  the  Allies  in  the  armistice  asked  that 
160  submarines  should  be  given  up,  Germany  was  humiliated 
by  having  to  admit  that  she  did  not  have  so  many.  In  1917 
only  eighty-three  submarines  were  constructed,  whUe  sixty-six 
were  destroyed,  says  Captain  Persius.  The  submarine  lasses 
were  greater  than  the  Allies  supposed. 

No  wonder,  after  such  naval  leadei-Khip  aa  this,  that  the  Ger- 
man submarine  crews  tluw  their  iron  crosses  overboard  and 
sullenly  and  savagely  showed  their  sense  of  disgrace.  No  won- 
der, either,  that  von  Tirpitz  has  fled  from  his  country,  and  that 
he  chose  as  his  place  of  self-internment  Switzerland.  He  surely 
would  not  have  Deen  welcome  in  Holland,  Norway,  Sweden,  or 
even  Spain,  for  all  those  cotmtries  have  suffered  from  the  ma- 
lignant attacks  on  neutral  vessels  which  he  ordered. 

CONGRESS  ENDS  AND  BEGINS 

On  November  21  Congress  adjourned  sine  die.  So  expired 
the  long  session  of  the  Sixty-fifth  Congress.  It  had  convened  on 
the  first  Monday  of  last  December  and  adjourned  just  in  time 
to  enable  the  members  of  Congress  to  present  claims  for  travel- 
ing expenses  at  the  rate  of  twenty  cents  a  mile,  to  their  homes 
and  back  so  as  to  attend  the  new  session.  The  date  of  the 
l)eginning  of  this  new  session  is  December  2  and  it  will  continue 
unta  March  4,  1919. 

The  last  days  of  the  old  session  were  signalized  by  some  inter- 
esting events  m  the  Senate.  One  was  the  introduction  by  Sen- 
ator Lodge  of  a  bill  compelling  the  display  of  an  indication  on 
goods  made  in  Germany  as  to  their  sources  of  manufacture. 
Many  people  do  not  favor  such  a  bill.  They  think  it  an  attempt 
to  foster  a  still  greater  antipathy  for  Germany — and  that  is  on- 
necessary. 

Another  event  was  the  passage  of  the  Emergency  Agricul- 
tural Appropriation  Bill  and  its  signature  by  the  President. 
This  measure  was  chiefly  notable  because  of  the  so-called  "  bone 
*  dry  "  amendment  by  which  this  country  will  apparently  go  "  dry  " 
after  next  July,  to  continue  until  demobilization  is  completed. 

Still  another  event  was  the  abandonment  of  the  La  Follette 
inquiry.  This  was  an  investigation  into  the  alleged  disloyal 
speech  by  Senator  La  Follette  at  St  Paul  last  winter.  The  inquiry 
has  been  dragging  along  for  mouths.  The  result  showed  that 
while  the  speech  might  oe  regarded  in  an  unfavorable  light,  it 
did  not,  in  the  opinion  of  the  majority  of  the  Senate  Committee 
on  Privileges  and  Elections,  constitute  a  basis  for  expulsion 
from  the  ^nate.   The  vote  was  nine  to  two. 

And  one  other  event  was  the  introduction  by  Senator  Lewis, 
ihe  Democratic  whip,  and  generally  regarded  as  the  President's 
spokesman,  of  a  resolution  proposing  that  the  Senate  go  on 
record  as  favoring  Government  ownership  of  mter-State  rail- 
ways, telegraph  and  telephone  lines,  coal  and  oil-producing 
agencies,  ships,  and  other  utilities.  The  introduction  of  this 
resolution  followed  the  Government's  taking  over  of  the  cable 
lines,  under  the  act  of  Congress  passed  in  1916,  this  being,  like 
the  bone-dry  amendment,  a  war  measure.  Thus  we  would  seem 
to  have  an  indication  that  some  of  those  Socialistically  inclined 
persons  who  surround  the  President  are  seeking  to  force  upon 
the  country  a  programme  of  greater  State  SocisSism  even  than 
that  under  which  we  are  perforce  living  in  this  latter  day. 

Finally  there  is  the  proposal  of  Senator  Norris,  of  Nebraska, 
leader  in  the  fight  against  Cannonism  in  the  House  of  Repre- 
sentatives some  years  ago,  to  limit  the  seniority  rule  regarding 
fonfei-ence-cominittee  rank,  and  the  further  proposal  to  do 
away  with  seniority  in  committee  assignments.  This,  we  believe, 


would  be  in  the  interest  of  Democrats  and  Bepul^un 
in  both  houses.  Certainly  tiie  chairmen  of  committees  sban 
disregard  seniority  in  naming  conferees.  And  certainly  i 
should  end  that  rule  of  seniority  which  requires  that  mU 
a  man  Lb  once  put  upon  a  committee  he  sluill  be  pennitu 
to  stay  there  imtil  he  voluntarily  withdraws  and  sliaU  I 
promoted  as  fast  as  those  above  him  fall  out.  Mr.  Noris 
proposals  were  followed  by  so  many  signs  of  dismay  od  di 
part  of  the  ''  Old  Guard  "  as  to  make  one  feel  that  the  i<ai 
prc^ressives  who  are  pushing  this  matter  may  ultimately  ti 
umph.  Certainly  the  rules  they  oppose  disregud  both  desM 
racy  and  efficiency  and  true  representative  government 


A'*NEW  CAMPAIGN  AGAINST  CHILD   LABOR 

The  attempt  to  limit  the  evils  of  child  labor  thr>n 
National  legislation  has  now  reached  a  third  stage.  The  h 
measure  against  this  wrong  of  National  proportions  vhi( 
should  have  National  restraint  was  based  on  the  poww  of  Oi 
gress  to  r^^nlate  inter-State  commerce.  But  this  law  wa^  pi 
notmced  unconstitutional  by  the  Supreme  Court  There  f  oIImwi 
an  attempt  to  regulate  child  labor  as  a  war  measure.  Bnt  it 
now  evident  that  even  if  this  bill  were  passed  its  effect  wouU 
only  temporary.  Finally,  it  is  now  proposed  to  strike  under  i 
taxing  power  of  Congress  at  the  abuse  of  children  as  laborfK  | 
An  amendment  to  the  Revenue  Bill  has  been  introdnce<l  I? 
Senator  Pomerene,  of  Ohio ;  it  puts  a  tax  of  ten  per  cent  on  u? 
profits  received  from  the  sale  of  products  in  the  making  d 
which  child  labor  has  been  employed  m  the  way  forbidden  by  tbr 
Act  of  1916,  which  was  declared  unconstitutional — tfaatis,  Ul*<r 
of  children  imder  sixteen  in  mines  and  quarries,  of  chOiLns 
under  fourteen  in  mills,  workshops,  canneries,  and  faeUim. 
and  of  children  between  fourteen  and  sixteen  over  dght  Ixci* 
a  day  or  over  six  days  a  week,  or  before  six  in  the  morning  a 
after  seven  at  night  It  is  stated  by  the  officers  of  the  Xatia.»' 
Child  Labor  Committee  that  President  Wilson  hopes  thai  i 
Federal  measure  dealing  with  child  labor  will  be  passed  befop 
this  Congress  ends,  and  it  is  believed  that  he  approrr 
the  use  of  the  Federal  taxing  power  for  this  purpose.  TV 
Supreme  Court  in  several  decisions  has  sustained  the  viev  tk: 
the  taxing  power  may  be  used  for  other  purposes  than  for  m- 
ing  money.  Chief  Justice  Marshall  said,  "  The  power  to  Ui  ' 
the  power  to  destroy,"  and  there  can  be  no  doubt  that  such  lay 
as  that  for  a  protective  tariff  or  that  for  making  it  unpro6til<> 
to  manufacture  phosphorus  matehes  may  have  as  luodf-i 
something  quite  different  from  the  purpose  of  raising  uxnr;. 
The  National  Child  Labor  Committee  summarizes  as  fiJlon 
the  bearing  of  Constitutional  provision  as  related  to  the  aiii:: 
power: 

The  taxing  power  of  the  Federal  Government  is  subject  to  no 
limitations  except  those  distinctly  named  in  the  CotudtutHip. 
No  export  taxes  can  be  levied,  airect  taxes  must  be  leviei)  u- 
conformity  with  the  rule  of  proportionality,  and  indirect  tai^ 
must  be  uniform.  A  tax  on  cliila  labor  products  (because  of  At 
mode  of  production^  would  be  an  excise  or  indirect  tax.  TIk 
Supreme  Ck>urt  has  intei-preted  uniformity  as  meaning  geogr^- 
cal  uniformity — ^the  same  rate  must  apply  everywhere  oii  if" 
same  products. 

The  pressure  of  war  upon  industry  has  had  an  iiijan)-'' 
effect  as  regai-ds  the  practice  of  permitting  children  to  woii  a 
t&o  early  an  age  or  tmder  wrong  conditions.  At  the  saute  ob' 
the  agitation  against  the  evil  has  decreased  in  the  several  Stats 
The  right  way  to  deal  with  the  question  is  assuredly  throBfi 
action  by  the  Nation  itself.  This  is  in  the  interest,  not  only  ■'; 
the  child,  but  of  industrial  security.  Mr.  Lovejoy,  Secretary  <* 
the  National  Child  Labor  Committee,  truly  says :  "  The  (juk 
laborer  is  the  father  of  the  man  without  a  job  or  with  only* 
poorly  paid  job.  A  common  result  of  child  labor  is  unempio: 
ment  and  poverty  later  in  life,  and  disocmtent  and  rebellioo  m 
their  natural  consequences." 


THE  WISCONSIN  IDEA 

Wlien  we  speak  of  "  The  Wisconsin  Idea  "  we  mean  '^ 

people's  imiversity,  or,  rather,  the  imiversity  of  the  peoiJe.     i 

In  1903  Charles  Richard  Van  Hise,  who  died  on  Nowwt^; 


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[8 


THE   OUTLOOK 


519" 


I,  became  President  of  the  University  of  Wisconsin.  He  was 
irn  in  that  State,  and  naturally  became  a  student  at  its  great 
niversity.  Later  he  acted  as  instructor  of  metallurgy  and 
en  became  professor ;  afterwards  he  was  made  Professor  of 
Ineralo^,  and  in  1890  was  given  the  broader  chair  of  Pro- 
isor  of  Geology.  He  was  not  only  a  teacher  but  an  investi- 
itor.  As  his  books  show,  his  researches  produced  results  of 
'eat  value. 

The  expansion  of  the  University  of  Wisconsin  tmder  its  late 
resident  has  been  striking.  Nowhere,  we  believe,  has  there 
len  such  a  poptdar  enlai^ement  of  ooui'ses  of  instruction. 
bese  courses  have  been  extended  by  correspondence,  by  mimici- 
1  reference  bureaus,  by  demonstration  farms,  and  especially 
r  public  discnssiuns  in  civic  centers,  clubs,  churches,  and 
rmers'  institutes,  with  or  without  the  University's  lecturers, 
bonsands  in  the  State  are  now  receiving  instruction  in  this 
»y  from  the  University.  In  the  Univeraity  itself  men  from 
le  different  State  departments  are  studying  political  economy 
applied  to  their  specific  branches.  Some  of  the  University 
■ofessors  are  serving  the  State  as  members  of  various  com- 
iuious.  There  has  thus  come  about  the  practical  extension 
an  which  has  given  to  the  University  of  WLsconsin  a  great 
•estige. 

The  facilities  of  the  University  are  open  to  both  men  and 
)men.  The  admittance  of  women  was  an  ecdhomic  necessity. 
8  the  President  of  the  University  has  said :  "  We  took  up  co- 
ucation  simply  because  the  women  of  the  State  asked  for 
lucation  and  oecanse  the  State  could  not  affonl  two  institu- 

U18. 

The  President  of  the  University  was  well  known  throughout 
e  industrial  world.  The  scientmc  side  of  ^his  iuvesti^tions 
adiudly  came  to  be  merged  into  the  economic  side.  He  was 
I  acknowledged  authority  on  questions  of  capital  and  labor. 
>me  years  ago,  when  the  great  wage  schedule  dispute  broke 
it  between  the  railways  and  the  Brotherhood  of  Locomotive 
agineers,  and  it  seemed  as  if  transportation  might  practically 
!  stopped  because  the  contending  forces  could  iiud  no  common 
Beting  gromtd,  a  commission  was  formed  to  bring  the  factions 
;ether.  Of  this  commission  President  Van  Hise  was  made 
airman.  Owing  to  his  incessant  labor  in  patiently  analyzing 
ets  and  arguments  bearing  upon  the  subject  in  formulating 
report  of  the  facts  and  recommendations,  tiiere  was  no  strike. 
>th  sides  felt  that  an  equitable  decision  had  been  reached. 
The  country  can  ill  attord  to  lose  this  kind  of  man. 


USEFUL  LIFE 

Francis  Klliutrton  Leupp  has  just  died.  He  was  in  Iuh 
^entieth  year.  He  was  a  New  Yorker,  a  graduate  of  Williams 
illege  and  of  the  Columbia  School  of  Law. 
He  was  one  of  the  leading  newspaper  men  of  our  time.  DuF> 
J  the  fifteen  yeare  that  the  New  York  "  Evening  Post "  had 
n  as  its  Washington  correspondent,  his  daily  letters  formed 
chief  feature  of  interest  in  that  paper  to  its  many  readers. 
tis  may  also  be  said  of  the  articles  later  contributed  by  Mr. 
mpp  to  The  Outlook.  No  newspaper  writer,  we  believe,  was 
?r  better  informed,  more  independent,  or  better  balanced. 
To  his  abilitv  as  a  writer  Mr.  Lenpp  added  extraonlinary 
3ity  as  an  administrator,  a  quality  abimdantly  evident  dur- 
f  his  term  as  Indian  Commissioner  in  the  Roosevelt  Adminis- 
(tion.  Mr,  Leupp's  enthusiasm  for  Civil  Service  Reform  had 
Might  him  into  close  contact  with  Theodore  Roosevelt  (see 
r.  Leupp's  "  The  Man  Roosevelt ")  when  Mr.  Roosevelt  went 
Washington  in  1889  as  Civil  Service  Commissioner,  an  inti-  _ 
icy  which  was  to  continue.  No  one  coidd  bring  to  his  office  a 
er  training  than  did  Mr.  Leupp.  As  a  Iwy  heliad  visited  the 
dian  Reservations  in  New  York  State.  As  a  yoiing  man  he 
Deatedly  visited  the  reservations  clear  to  the  Pacific.  When 

went  to  Washington,  the  uiembei-s  of  Congress  soon  found 
n  a  '*  l)o«>k  of  refen-noe  "  on  Indian  affairs. 
In  ISy.*}  Mr.  Leupp's  first  Government  service  was  performed 
len  he  was  sent  among  the  Utes  in  connection  with  a  ti-eaty 

which  their  lauds  would  be  opened  for  settlement.  The 
nolute  tronfiden«»  felt  in  him  both  by  the  Indians  and  by  the 
rvemmeiit  led  to  other  important  Government  missions  among 
i  Imlians  and  finally  to  bis  appointment  as  Commissioner. 


He  remaine<l  in  office  five  years,  and  resigned  only  when  it  was 
seen  that  his  health  had  broken  down  because  of  his  strenuous 
devotion  to  duty.  In  his-"  The  Indian  and  His  Problem  "  we 
have  a  valuable  contribution  to  that  subject  from  one  who  knew 
what  he  was  talking  about.  He  was  the  first  Indian  Commis- 
sioner who  ever  got  the  Indians,  as  a  whole,  to  stop  drinking ; 
he  was  the  first  who  ever  got  them,  as  a  whole,  to  go  to  work. 

Mr.  Leupp  enjoyed  in  high  degree  the  regard  of  men  in  the 
various  Cabinets  and  Congresses  of  his  day.  This  was  signally 
shown  in  connectioa  with  the  passage  of  the  second  Anti-Lottery 
Bill.  It  was  in  the  Cleveland  Adboiiuistration.  Mr.  Cleveland 
woidd  not  sign  measui-es  about  which  he  was  not  thoroughly 
informed.  Certainly  he  declined  to  leave  the  White  House  at  the 
end  of  a  Congressional  session  to  sign  Eleven  Hour  and  Fifty- 
nine  Minute  Bills.  He  was  adamant  in  scorning  any  proposal 
for  his  signature  after  the  stroke  of  twelve  o'clock  noon  on 
March  4.  During  the  last  days  of  that  particular  session  of 
Congress  hundreds  of  measures  had  been  crowded  through 
and  sent  to  the  White  House  for  signature.  Among  the  very  last 
to  leave  the  Senate  (to  be  particular,  at  11:15  A.M.,  March  4, 1895) 
was  the  Anti-Lottery  Bill.  Some  members  of  Congress,  it  was 
believed,  in  trying  to  kill  that  measure  had  managed  to  delay 
its  journey  to  the  White  House  until  late  enough  to  oonvinoe 
them  that  it  would  find  its  death  there. 

At  this  juncture  Mr.  Leupp  acted.  He  was  a  friend  of  the 
measure.  But,  what  is  more,  he  was  an  intimate  friend  of  Post- 
master-General Bissell ;  he  had  assisted  that  official  in  preparing 
reports.  Because  of  the  lar^e  extent  to  which  the  lottery  people 
had  used  the  mails,  the  bdl  had  also  interested  Mr.  Bissell. 
The  President  held  his  Postmaster-General  in  high  esteem.  On 
March  4  Mr.  BisseU  was  at  the  White  House.  The  bill  had 
started  from  the  CapitoL  Mr.  Leupp  telephoned  to  Mr.  Bissell 
asking  him  to  examine  the  measure  ana  to  recommend  it  to 
Mr.  Cleveland  for  immediate  signature.  The  President  had 
entire  confidence  in  Mr.  BLssell's  recommendation.  The  bill  was 
signed  at  11:58  a.m.,  the  last  but  one  measure  to  receive  the 
President's  signature  before  the  stroke  of  twelve,  the  death  knell 
to  htmdreds  M  other  bills.  Thus  Mr.  Leupp  saved  the  situation. 
In  particidar  he  saved  the  contenders  for  the  measure  from 
another  long  campaign  and  a  perhaps  yet  more  doubtful  issue. 

Mr.  Leupp  was  a  fine  example  of  what  a  newspaper  man 
and  publicist  should  be — alert,  cool,  honest,  of  high  ideals,  with 
a  sense  of  humor,  and  a  genius  for  making  and  keeping  friends. 

AN  OBDURATE  MORMON 

Joseph  F.  Smith,  for  seventeen  years  President  of  the 
Church  of  the  Latter-Day  Saints,  died  on  November  19.  He 
was  a  connecting  link  between  the  defiant,  rebellious  Mormon- 
ism  ^of  a  generation  ago  and  the  present  Mormonism,  which 
complies  outwardly  with  law,  whatever  encouragement  there 
may  be  of  secret  polygamy.  Smith  was  a  boy  when  his  unde, 
the  first  Joseph  Smith  (founder,  prophet,  and  fabricator  of  the 
Mormon  &ith  and  "  discoverer  oi  the  preposterous  golden 
plates  of  the  Book  of  Mormon),  was  shot  to  death  by  a  mob  in 
Missouri.  With  his  family  the  boy  fled  to  Utah.  Brigham 
Young,  the  organizer  and  director  of  the  "  Mormon  State," 
dared  to  call  out  his  soldiers  against  United  States  troops  sent 
to  Utah,  and  young  Smith  was  then  old  enough  to  marcin  with 
the  rebellious  force.  He  became  an  officer  of  the  church  when 
he  was  only  twenty ;  in  a  year  was  made  a  high  priest,  and 
later  passed  through  all  the  grades  of  church  and  iwlitical 
preferment  untQ  he  attained  the  presidency  in  1901. 

Smith  was  a  stiS-net;ked  polygamist  In  a  famous  Congres- 
sional investigation  into  Mormonism  he  testified  boldly  that 
eleven  children  had  been  bom  to  him  since  the  passage  of  the 
Act  making  jwlygamy  in  the  Territories  xmlawful,  an  Act 
which  the  Supreme  Court  de<rlare<l  valiiL  He  stoutly  main- 
tained that  it  was  his  duty  as  a  man  and  a  religious  leader  to 
maintain  and  cherish  each  and  all  of  his  wives.  At  one  time  he 
suffer^  imprisonment  for  his  oMuraoy.  There  seems  to  be 
some  question  as  to  the  actual  number  of  these  wives;  one 
account  says  he  had  six  wives,  thirty  children,  and  a  total 
progeny  of  ninety. 

Polygamy  was  doomed  to  extinction  as  railways  and  dviliza- 
tion  advanced  into  what  Brigham  Young  hoped  would  remain 

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THE  OUTLOOK 


a  self-contained  and  isolated  theocracy.  It  was  slow  in  dying, 
and  is  not  yet  extinct.  Joseph  Smith  was,  however,  one  of  the 
last,  perhaps  the  last,  open  defenders  ei  polyganwus  marriage 
as  a  holy  institution. 

THE  LIBERATED  NATIONS 

For  some  time  deleeates  representing  some  sixty  million 
members  <d  various  peoples  of  Europe  have  been  holding^  ses- 
sions in  New  York  City.  The  peoples  constitute  a  cham  of 
nations  lyine  between  the  Baltic,  Adriatic,  and  Black  Seas. 
They  comprise  Poles,  Lithuanians,  Czechoslovaks,  Ukrainians, 
Ruthenians,  Rumanians,  Jugoslavs,  Italian  Irredentists,  Alba- 
nians, and  unredeemed  Grebes. 

These  peoples  constitute  a  kind  of  Mid-European  Union,  and 
they  wish  to  be  known  by  this  name.  Oeographi(»lly  and  racially 
they  form  a  barrier  between  Germany  and  the  Persian  Gulf. 

They  are  not  oo-operatine  without  difficulty,  however. 
Already  the  Jiuraslavs  have  wreatened  to  withdraw  and  the 
Polish  National  Committee  has  served  notice  that  it  will  with- 
draw membership  in  the  Union  if  Ukrainian  and  Ruthenian 
troops  continue  to  invade  Polish  territory  in  Galicia.  But  the 
Galician  problem  will,  we  believe,  ultimately  be  equitably  solved 
on  the  basis  of  nationalitv. 

Again,  each  of  these  dozen  nations  composing  the  Union  is 
itself  more  or  less  still  in  the  process  of  self-determination.  For 
instance,  w&  shall  see  what  the  new  Czechoslovakia  does  with 
that  strip  of  northern  Bohemia  where  the  Germans  are  in  the 
majorij^  numerically  and  where  they  control  the  great  indus- 
tries. Tne  German  Bohemians  have  broken  away  from  the  new 
republican  government  at  Prague  and  have  organized  their 
own  government,  with  a  capitu  at  Reichenbach.  The  ques- 
tions arise :  Ought  the  Czechs  to  force  these  German  Bohemians 
to  remain  uncfer  the  Prague  Government?  Would  not  the 
Czechs  thus  violentiy  violate  their  own  principle  of  self-deter- 
mination ? 

At  the  New  York  City  meeting  one  of  the  matters  discussed 
was  access  to  the  sea.  There  must  be,  it  was  agreed,  for 
each  of  these  nationalities  free  access  to  the  sea,  although  it 
might  be,  as  in  the  case  of  Czechoslovakia,  for  example,  over 
some  other  friendly  state. 

It  was  also  agreed  that  there  must  be  a  plebiscite  in  each 
country  for  the  definite  self-determination  of  future  govern- 
ments. In  the  opinion  of  the  del^^tes,  this  plebiscite  should  be 
conducted,  if  possible,  under  American  Army  direction.  Their 
oonfidenoe  in  America  is  touching.  But  again  questions  arise : 
Should  a  plebiscite  be  conducted  under  any  foreign  influence? 
If  so,  should  we  consent  to  the  use  of  our  soldiers?  Could  we 
spare  enough  for  the  task  ?  Anyway,  ought  we  to  assume  such 
a  Big  Brower  relation  ? 

While  it  might  not  seem  wise  to  conduct  any  plebiscite 
practically  under  an-  American  army  of  occupation,  we  must 
recognize  that  the  liberated  nations  are  bound  together  not 
only  by  the  individual  aspiration  of  each  for  liberty,  but 
also  by  the  common  aspiration  for  and  necessity  of  help 
from  America.  Each  nation  realizes  that,  because  our  aid 
is  disinterested,  it  has  more  to  gain  from  American  proteo- 
ti<m  than  from  any  other.  The  uought  that  such  protection 
may  be  forfeited  by  unworthy  action  will,  we  are  sure,  be  a 
deterrent  to  sudi  action.  Moreover,  a  common  aspiration  and 
necessity  should  insure  co-operation  in  the  common  task  of 
nation-making  and  federating.  The  confidence  expressed  by  the 
delegates  that  America  will  fulfill  the  tasks  demanded  of  her 
lays  upon  us  all  a  new  burden  and  privilege. 

Whether  we  will  or  no,  the  liberated  nations  are  now  on  the 
international  map.  They  represent  a  fairly  united  opinion  con- 
cerning ordered  liberty.  Tlje  principles  of  this  liberty  have 
already  been  laid  down  by  the  Czechoslovakian  Government, 
whose  Declaration  of  Independence,  inspired  by  our  own  and 
read  at  the  Convention,  was  subscribed  to  by  all  of  the  dele- 
gates present. 

We  are  thus  witnessing  the  birth  of  a  great  new  national 
democratic  endeavor.  Its  geographical  expression,  curiously 
enough,  coincides  largely  with  that  Mittel-Europa  which  Ger- 
many intended  to  found.  Nor  is  it  so  much  a  birth  as  a  rebirth. 
As  President  Wilson  has  well  said,  these  nations  "  have  existed 


in  their  soids,  in  their  long  determinaticm  to  be  free,  and  tliai 
fore  we  are  about  to  witness  not  so  much  the  birth  of  new  natiq 
as  the  return  of  souk  to  bodies  that  have  been  held  ei^re." 


A  DESIRABLE  MEMORLAL 

We  especially  desire  to  call  the  attentioi  of  our  mid 
to  the  suggestion  made  in  the  following  letter  wUoh  bu  jm 
come  to  us : 

Can  we  not  erect  a  statue  in  Paris  or  in  New  Toik,  jort  the 
simple  %ure  of  an  American  lad,  to  typify  the  gloriom  wml «( 
our  country  shown  bv  those  who,  having  the  vision  yV(>m  tkefirtL  I 
went  in  lW.4  and  1915  and  joinctd  the  French  and  Britiah  aniw« 
and  fought  by  their  side  a^nst  the  Beast? 

Sorely  every  true  American  would  be  thankfal  to  oontribak 
to  perpetuate  the  expression  of  our  love  for  those  who  perfoiiMd 
oar  heart's  sacred  desire  in  these  first  days. 

LoBAUTE  VAiniEKPOOL  HcncAn. 

Bnglewood,  New  Jeifey,  Norember  11, 1918. 

The  superb  sacrifices  and  victories,  the  unsurpassed  betrini 
and  bravery,  of  the  American  Army  in  this  war  will  nem  U 
forgotten  by  a  proud  and  happy  coimtry,  and  we  are  sure  "^  ' 
Mrs.  Homans  in  making  her  suggestion  does  not  in  any 
forget  the  incomparable  achievements  ci  the  American 
penormed  since  April,  1917.  But  it  is  especially  appropii 
that  there  should  be  some  tangible  memoni^  for  Qmee  Amen. 
cans  whose  names  do  not  appear  on  our  own  military  reconb 
because  they  went  into  the  war  before  we  had  such  reoonk 
Large  numbers  of  young  Americans  in  the  early  days  of  the 
war  joined  the  Roysu  Flying  Corps,  the  Princess  Patricia  Beri- 
ment,  the  Duke  of  Wellington's  R^ment,  the  Black  Wito. 
the  Coldstream  Guards,  the  Irish  G^rds,  the  French  Flyis; 
L^on,  and  the  Chasseurs  Alpins  in  the  British  and  Frsui 
land  and  air  service.  The  famous  La&iyette  Escadrille  m  Fnoii 
aviation  work  was  organized  by  two  Harvard  men,  Nonoa 
Price  and  Frazier  Curtis.  The  famous  Foreign  L^on  of  Fnun 
contained  a  number  of  Americans  who  have  iSt  thrar  oaii 
not  only  upon  the  war  but  upon  the  memories  of  the  ttoA 
people. 

Victor  Chapman  and  Alan  Se^r,  the  poet,  are  types  of  thot 
men  who  gave  their  lives  for  France.  As  we  have  alr(*!j 
recorded  in  these  pages,  Victor  Chapman,  a  young  gradoste  of 
Harvard,  was  a  student  of  architecture  ui  Paris  wIku  the  mi 
broke  out.  He  immediately  entered  the  Formgn  Legion  mi 
passed  the  winter  of  1914  and  1915  on  the  Somme,  wbeif  be 
took  part  in  several  attacks.  He  then  went  into  the  ariiMJ 
service  and  was  killed  in  an  air  battie  in  1916.  His  memory  kiii 
been  immortalized  in  a  eulogy  by  £)mile  Boutroux,  tiie  ntort 
venerated  philosopher  in  France,  a  eulogy  whieh  contained  that 
wortls: 

Such  is  the  devotion,  such  the  elevation  of  view,  soeh  Af 
simple  and  true  grandeur  of  which  the  American  soul  iac^«falt 

Perhaps  Mrs.  Homans's  idea  might  take  the  form  of  a  ststtf 
of  Victor  Chapman,  dedicated  not  only  to  his  memory  bat  to 
the  memory  of  all  his  American  comrades  who  fought  in  it 
cause  of  liberty  before  there  was  an  American  Aimy  wtii 
they  could  join. 


MEMORIAL  TREES 

Some  months  ago  the  American  Forestry  Asaodatks 
received  an  appropriate  suggestion  with  regard  to  hoDoringtk 
d«hi.  It  took. the  form  of  the  planting  of  avenues  of  meomul 
trees. 

The  suggestion,  we  are  sure,  will  be  widely  foOowed.  TV 
city  of  Cleveland  has  already  adopted  it.  The  city  &tlier>  bw 
changed  the  name  of  an  important  new  residence  street  fn« 
North  Boulevard  to  Liberty  Row._  This  boulevard  extendi  f* 
several  miles  beginning  at  University  Circle  and  Euclid  Athw' 
and  extending  south  and  east  through  Shaker  Lakes  Fu^ 
The  new  street  is  to  be  lined  with  "  Victory  Oaks  " — an  oak  im 
for  each  Cleveland  man  or  woman  who  has  died  in  the  seniv 
each  tree,  when  large  enough,  to  bear  a  bronze  tablet  soital^' 
inscribed.  The  ceremonies  and  a  pageant  in  o(mnecti<m  witii  ^ 


Digitized  by  VJ^^VJV  IV^ 


CARTOONS      OF     THE    WEEK 


Kirby  in  (A*  Nme  York  Wvrii 


OUT  AT  LAST 


VON  TlRPll'Z  WAVES  HIS  Nmv  FLAG 


Halladay  in  thr  Proeidencf  Dally  Journal 


THE  KAISER  APPEALS  TO  "LITTLE  HOLLAND"! 


Kogtr*  in  the  New  York  Herald 


From  La  Virtoirr,  Paris 


""mimgi,^^ 


•TI«  DAY! 


VT  "DBR  TAG"  THB  GERMANS  EXPECTED 


"  But  aaj,  Fritz,  when  we  an  a  repoblie  who  w31  tw  bare  to  Uck  na  ?" 
THE  GERMAN  PROLETARLAT  WILL  MISS  THEIR  ARROGANT  "SUPERIORS' 


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planting  are  to  be  given  under  the  auspices  of  the  Mayor's 
Advisory  War  Board,  the  Department  of  Public  Parks,  and 
the  Division  of  Educational  Extension,  and  are  of  course  to  be 
free  to  the  public. 

For  community  plantings  in  general  the  American  Forestry 
Association  announces  that  it  is  preparing  small  bronze  plaques 
which  may  be  used  for  each  tree  m  such  community  planting 
and  on  which  may  be  inserted  the  name  of  the  particular  soldier 
to  be  commemorated.  The  Association  is  also  asking  the  Gov- 
ernors of  all  the  States  in  the  Union  to  cooperate  in  the  plan 
of  planting  memorial  trees  along  the  transcontinental  highways 
and  public  roads,  and  especially  along  avenues  which  connect 
"  twin  cities " — Albany  and  Troy,  Mnneapolis  and  St.  Paul, 
for  example. 

Surely  these  are  admirable  plans.  As  Mr.  Pack,  President 
of  the  Association,  says:  "There  could  be  nothing  more  appro- 
priate than  to  have  each  State  through  which  a  motor  highway 
passra  plant '  Victory  Oaks '  or  *  Victory  Elms '  for  her  soldiers 
who  have  died  in  battle.  The  motor  has  played  a  mighty  part 
in  the  winning  of  the  war,  and  it  would  be  a  fine  thing  for 
these  highway  organizations  to  take  up  plans  for  memorial 
trees.  Then,  too,  wood  has  played  a  big  part  in  victory.  Our 
stocks  must  be  replenished.  With  each  State  co-operating  with 
the  highway  auAorities,  a  living,  age-long  lesson  woiUd  be 
taught  to  the  coming  generations  as  to  the  beauty  and  value 
of  forestry." 

AGRICULTURE  IN  SERBIA 

Through  Dr.  Stoykovitch,  Serbian  Commissioner  to  this 
country,  we  have  received  an  interesting  statement  from  the 
Serbian  Minister  of  Agriculture  and  Commerce.  The  Minister 
tells  us  about  the  district  nurseries  which  existed  in  Serbia 
before  the  war.  Every  district  in  Serbia,  it  seems,  was  obliged 
to  establish  and  maintain  a  nursery  covering  an  area  of  some 
thirteen  acres,  the  special  aim  being  to  help  the  small  farms 
where  the  fruit  and  wine  industries  were  the  inost  important  of 
any.  The  nurseries  furnished  fruit  trees  and  vine-grafted  plants 
of  the  better  varieties ;  there  were  also  courses  of  instruction 
there  in  the  planting  and  pnming  of  fruit  trees  and  vines  and 
in  the  treatment  of  the  diseases  of  plants.  These  courses  were 
well  patronized ;  indeed,  it  was  rare  to  find  a  young  farmer  who 
had  not  taken  advantage  of  them.  Other  agricultural  branches, 
such  as  the  breeding  of  cattle,  were  also  repres^ited.  Every 
district  nursery  had  all  the  agricultural  implements  necessary 
to  the  farmer.  Moreover,  the  district  nursery  chief  was  accus- 
tomed to  journey  about  his  district,  lecturing  on  different  agri- 
cultural subjects  at  individual  farms,  demonstrating  the  use  of 
various  implements  and  explaining  economical  methods  of 
farming  to  the  people.  Thus  these  nurseries  contributed,  not 
only  to  the  increase  of  the  number  of  orchards  and  vineyards, 
but  also  to  the  diffusing  of  practical  agricultural  and  horticul- 
tural knowledge. 

The  destiny  which  overwhelmed  all  Serbian  institutions  did 
not  spare  the  district  nurseries.  All  the  cattle,  all  the  agri- 
cultural implements,  all  the  material  which  these  possessed,  was 
either  taken  away  or  destroyed.  Only  empty  ruined  buildings 
indicate  the  location  of  the  nurseries.  And  as  to  the  Serbian 
farmers  in  general,  not  a  single  tool,  instrument,  or  appliance 
of  any  kind  remains.  Xo  animal  or  vegetable  stock  exists. 
Even  the  surface  of  the  ground  is  destroyed.  The  Central 
Powers  have  made  a  clean  sweep. 

If  we  want  to  restore  economic  conditions  in  Serbia,  the 
farmer  certainly  makes  the  primary  appeal.  We  shall  have 
to  provide  not  only  immediate  food  for  the  hiuigry,  but  we 
must  provide  seed,  implements,  and  cattle.  This  necessity  is 
particularly  appealing  in  Serbia,  because  that  country  does 
not  rely,  as  does  Belgium,  for  instance,  on  manufactures  as  a 
prime  mdustry,  but  u]M>n  agrictdture.  In  order  to  live  them- 
selves and  to  feed  the  jieople  the  Serbian  farmers  must  have 
plows  and  harrows,  cultivatoi-s,  dialling  and  spraying  machines, 
grafting  and  pruning  tools,  saws,  cutters,  and  all  other  necessary 
implements. 

Serbia,  indeed,  will  have  to  begin  "  from  the  CTOund  up." 
Shall  America  help  her?  The  office  of  the  Serbian  Relief  Com- 
mittee of  America  is  at  70  fifth  Avenue,  New  York  City. 


THE    PRESIDENT,   THE   CABINET, 
BUREAUCRACY,  AND  THE    COUNTRY 

WE  group  under  this  heading;  our  comments  upon  aevral 
recent  and  important  pubhc  events  because  they  aniJ 
symptoms  of  a  deep-seated,  although  as  yet  «Mily  p 
tially  defined,  change  that  is  taking  place  in  American  palitiai 
-  social,  and  industrial  institutions.    This  cliange  depends  opn 
the  coimtry's  attitude  towards  a  single  fundamentel  prina}iii' 
which  we  shall  point  out  later  in  this  article. 

THE  CABINET 

The  first  of  these  events  is  the  resignation  of  Mr.  McAAa. 
Secretary  of  the  Treasury  and  Director-General  of  KailwaA, 
which  was  officially  announced  in  Washington  on  NovemW  2i 
He  will  leave  the  Treasury  immediately,  but  will  retain  tin 
charge  of  tlie  railways  until  January  firat  next.  Mr.  McAdoi 
is  not  only  the  President's  son-in-law,  but  he  has  been  tbeinort 
prominent  and  in  many  resjiects  the  most  important  membe 
of  the  Pr^ident's  Cabinet  smce  the  United  States  entered  tir 
war  in  the  spring  of  1917.  Those  who  are  interested  in  tk 
details  of  his  life  and  achievem^its  will  find  them  well  statd  ii 
an  article  by  one  of  his  official  associates,  Theodorf  E,  Piwt 
which  appeared  in  The  Outlook  of  October  17,  1917. 

He  wa«  bom  in  Georgia  fifty-four  years  ago,  came  to  Se» 
York  when  he  was  about  thirty,  began  the  practice  of  law,  bn 
made  his  reputation  as  an  executive  and  financier  by  the  em 
pletion  of  the  subway  tubes  under  the  Hudson  River.  Hi» 
reputation  with  the  plain  people,  who  are  not  especially  intier 
ested  in  the  technical  operations  of  finance,  was  secured  li;  tk 
establishment  on  the  Hudson  Tunnels  Railway  of  the  poiicT  d 
civility  and  courtesy.  This  policy,  which  wa«  not  a  mew 
figment  of  printed  cireulars,  but  became  the  actual  opentiii( 
characteristic  of  his  company,  he  formulated  in  an  annoDnceaat 
to  the  employees  of  his  road,  the  gist  of  which  is  foimd  in  tk 
following  paragraphs : 

Attend  strictly  to  your  duties,  answering  questions  when  th(i 
are  addressed  to  yon.  No  matter  if  questions  seem  to  yoa  fodiiL. 
give  ciril  replies. 

The  amoaut  of  courtesy  you  display  is  going  to  have  aa  iii- 
poi-tant  bearing  upon  the  popularity  of  this  road.  The  day  oi 
"  the  public  be  damned  "  policy  is  forever  gone.  It  always  w 
an  objectionable  and  indefensible  policy,  and  it  will  not  be'  tola- 
ated  on  this  road  under  any  conditions. 

He  was  appointed  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  by  Mr.  WSmb 
in  1913,  and  Director-Genei-al  of  the  Railways  when  the  Gw- 
eniment  took  them  over  as  a  war  measure  on  January  1, 1911^ 
He-  has  "  made  good  "  in  both  positions.  Three  things  btvr 
made  his  administration  notable. 

First,  his  management  of  the  Treasury  in  such  a  way  as  *> 

Srevent  great  financial  disturbance.  This  he  could  not  hf" 
one  witnout  the  Federal  Reserve  Banking  System.  Credit  fa 
the  formulation  of  the  principles  of  this  system  is  dne  to  tk 
late  Senator  Aldrich  ;  credit  for  its  legislative  enactment  bil»- 
to  the  President,  and  especially  to  Congressman  Carter  Gb*- 
but  Mr.  McAdoo  put  the  system  into  operation  and  has  vt^ 
it  a  practical  success  and  given  it  an  assured  permanenc«-. 

Seirond,  he  devised  and  put  into  execution  the  Liberty  L(M* 
and  had  the  genius  to  see  that  a  great  governmental  finawal 
operation  might  be  conducted  in  such  a  way  as  to  appeal  to  tIr 
imagination  of  the  people.  These  loans  created  and  strengtbew 
enthusiasm  for  the  war  by  making  all  the  people  participMitsD- 
it.  Moreover,  the  Liberty  Loans,  with  which  Mr.  McAdw 
name  ought  always  to  be  connected,  made  the  vast  majonty  ^ 
the  American  people  financial  shareholders  in  the  Governm**' 
and  thus  gave  them  a  vested  hiterest  in  its  j)ivservati<Mi.  Vlw 
every  man  in  the  United  States  is  a  ca])italist,  the  danger  of  n 
unjust  and  bloody  revolution  against  capitalists  as  such  is  graiti! 
diminished. 

Thii-d,  the  transfer  of  the  operation  of  the  railways  ht* 
Government  has  been  accomplished  with  the  least  ponifalt  <& 
turbance.  Most  of  us  hardly  realize  that  it  has  been  vaait  -^ 
time  goes  on,  even  if  the  railways  are  returned  to  private  tff 
agement,  this  achievement  of  Mr.  McAdoo's  will  be  regu^ 
as  one  of  the  great  industrial  events  of  hbtory.  Mr,  McA"* 
is  not  a  financial  theorist,  nor  has  he  written  any  great  tRSO** 

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I  the  subject,  but  his  practical  accomplishments  ought  to  give 
B  name  association  with  such  fiiiance  administrators  ns  Target 
France  or  Alexander  Hamilton  of  our  own  Revolutionary 
sriod. 

Mr.  McAdoo's  resignation  came  with  a  shoc1<  of  surprise  to 
e  entire  oountry.  In  the  exchange  of  letters  between  nimself 
id  the  President  he  states  that  he  resigns  because  it  is  neces- 
ly  for  him  to  resume  his  work  as  a  private  citizen  in  order  to 
store  for  the  benefit  of  his  family  his  fortune,  which  has  been 
minished  in  the  service  of  his  country.  The  public,  however, 
tee  not  acoept  this  as  the  real  and  controlling  motive  of  his 
tirement. 

BUREAUCRACY 

The  second  event  of  great  portent  is  the  taking  over  by  the 
oet  Office  Department,  under  Postmaster-Creneral  Burleson, 
all  oceanic  cables,  and  i>erhap8  of  the  wireless  systems  by  the 
a\-j'  Department,  thus  giving  the  Government  control-  of  all 
e  means  of  rapid  communication  between  tiie  United  States 
id  foreign  coimtries.  This  is  done  by  the  approval  of  the 
resident  under  the  law  which  authorized  the  President  to 
some  Amtrol  of  all  tel^fraph  and  telephone  lines  as  a  war 
easnre.  If  this  had  been  atme  during  the  period  of  active  war, 
«re  would  have  been  little  or  no  surprise.  But  the  country 
Ks  not  yet  understand  why,  with  the  war  practically  ended, 
le  Government  has  decided  to  extend,  strengthen,  and  consoli- 
(te  its  control  of  hitherto  private  enterprises  on  tiie  ostensible 
vimd  t^t  the  exigencies  of  war  make  it  necessary. 
In  connection  wiui  the  tightening  of  Government  control  over  . 
le  tel^^ph,  cable,  and  wireless,  another  event  in  Waslmigton 
ts  attracted  public  attention.  Mr.  George  Creel,  the  head  of 
e  Department  of  Public  Information,  a  department  created 
r  the  dissemination  of  war  news,  has  been  sent  to  the  Peace 
onferenoe  at  Versailles  with  a  complete  organization  of  assist- 
its,  for  the  purpose,  it  is  supposed,  of  preparing  and  sending 
this  country  the  official  news  and  interpretation  of  the  work 
that  great  historic  world  congress.  If  the  Government  con- 
ols  the  cables  and  has  its  own  Ixxly  of  official  news  gatherers 
h1  interpreters  on  hand,  it  has  the  power,  whether  it  has  the 
tention  or  not,  of  giving  to  the  American  people  and  withhold- 
g  from  them  news,  opinions,  and  eriticisma  of  the  acts  of  the 
pace  Conference,  Americans  have  for  a  hundred  years  been 
accustomed  to  a  free  press  and  the  free  expression  of  public 
tinion  that  it  is  hard  for  them  to  conceive  that  the  Govem- 
ent  has  any  carefully  designed  plan,  now  .that  peace  has  come, 
controlling  public  opinion.  Such  intellectual  despotism  pre- 
iUed  under  uie  Romanoffs  in  Russia  and  under  the  Hohen- 
Uenis  in  Prussia,  but  is  impossible  in  free  America,  it  is  said, 
'e  agree  that  it  is  impossible  for  long,  but  it  might  be 
tempted.  And  the  serious  and  dangerous  thing  about  the 
king  over  of  the  cables  and  the  sending  of  the  Creel  organi- 
tion  is  that  it  gives  the  Government  the  poirer  to  make  the 
tempt.  Agwnst  this  the  American  press,  without  distinction 
party,  justly  protests.  No  such  power  ought  to  be  granted  to 
democratic  government,  no  matter  how  l^nevolent  and  altru- 
tic  its  motives  may  be. 

THE  PRESIDENT 

The  last  event,  and  perhaps  the  most  important  of  all,  is  the 
rtension  and  elaboration  of  the  plans  for  the  President's  visit 
the  Conference  at  Versailles.  Last  week  we  said  that  if  his 
sit  was  a  brief  and  personal  one  it  would  be  of  value  to  the 
nited  States,  to  Europe,  and  to  himself.  It  now  begins  to 
>pear  that  he  isplanning  to  make  much  more  than  a  brief  and 
>r8onal  visit,  llie  plans  have  developed  into  those  of  a  care- 
illy  organised,  ^borate,  and  powerful  ambassadorial  expedi- 
ao,  an  ambassadorial  representation  combined  with  executive 
mers.  As  an  ambassador  the  President  will  represent  tlie 
iitiments  and  views  of  the  United  States,  and  will  negotiate 
«*  treaty  which  later  he  is  himself  to  put  into  exei-ution. 
h*"!-**  is  steadily  growing  anxiety  throughout  the  country  as  to 
«  wisdom  of  this  course. 

This  doubt  is  so  well  exm-esMed  by  David  Lawrence,  the 
'ashington  correspondent  of  the  New  York  "  Evening  Post," 
the  issue  of  that  loumal  for  Noveuil)er  25,  that  we  reprint  his 
ticlv  in  another  column.  Mr.  Lawrence,  as  we  have  said  before 


in  these  pages,  has  had  a  somewhat  intimate  personal  acquaint- 
ance with  the  President  since  the  days  when  they  were  both  at 
Princeton  University,  one  as  the  head  of  the  University,  the  other 
as  an  undergraduate.  He  is  generally  believed  to  be  closer  to  the 
President  ^an  any  other  Washington  correspondent,  has  con- 
stantly and  ardently  supported  him  during  the  war,  and  has 
sometimes  written  as  though  he  were  the  President's  choseu 
spokesman.  What  he  has  to  say  comes  not  from  an  antagonist, 
but  from  an  admirer  and  supporter,  and  is  therefore  more  than 
ordinarily  significant. 

THE  COUNTRY 

The  doubts  which  Mr.  Lawrence  voices,  and  which  are  with- 
out question  spreading  throughout  the  coimtry,  are  due  to  a  grow- 
ing appreciation  that  all  these  controversies,  antagonisms,  and 
changes  tarn  upon  the  settlement  of  that  fimdamental  principle 
of  government  to  which  we  alluded  in  the  opening  paragraph  of 
this  article : 

Shall  the  United  States  be  a  Socialistic  National  Republic  in 
which  every  man's  industrial  activities  are  directed  by  the 
Government? 

Or  shall  it  be  a  representative  democracy  with  local  home 
rule  as  far  as  jxwsible,  in  which  private  enterprise,  private 
initiative,  and  private  genius  shall  have  full  play  in  so  far  as 
free  play  is  compatible  with  the  general  welfare,  and  shall  the 
Government  of  this  democracy  be  limited  to  protecting  life, 
property,  and  general  social  well-being  by  regulation  instead 
of  by  ownership  and  control? 

The  first  view  is  that  held  by  Marxian  Socialists.  The  second 
view  is  that  of  those  Americans  who  have  been  educated  in  the 
school  of  Washington,  Jefferson,  Hamilton,  and  John  Marshall. 
The  first  conception  has  its  roots  in  German,  Rus.sian,  and  to 
some  extent  Italian  and  French  Socialism.  The  second  concei>- 
tion  has  its  roots  in  the  long  evolutiomu^-  period  of  Anglo-Saxon 
industrial,  political,  and  social  law.  Theodore  Roosevelt  is  the 
great  modem  protagonist  in  this  country  of  the  second  or 
regulatory  conception.  Who  will  be  the  great  American  pro- 
tagonist in  this  country  of  the  Socialistic  ownership  conception  ? 
Will  it  be  President  Wilson? 

During  his  first  term  he  was  a]^parently  an  individualisti<; 
Democrat,  much  more  individualistic  than  Mr  Roosevelt.  His 
little  but  important  book,  "The  New  Freedom,"  made  up 
largely  of  speeches  delivered  during  the  Presidential  cam- 
paign of  1912,  is  an  appeal  for  a  return  to  .individualism  and 
an  abandonment  of  the  poliOT  of  combination  or  organiza- 
tion in  industry.  He  regarded  free  competition  as  the  best 
remedy  for  the  evils  of  industrial  despotism. 

But  the  war  has  changed  all  that.  Under  its  exigencies  he 
has  advocated  a  steadily  growing  Government  contrcu  of  indus- 
try. The  Government,  sometimes  by  command,  Sometimes  by 
request,  has  told  us  what  food  we  shoidd  eat,  by  what  railway»( 
we  should  ship  our  goods,  whether  we  might  make  or  buy 
automobiles,  on  what  days  of  the  week  we  might  nm  them, 
how  much  coal  we  might  bum,  what  days  we  might  go  to 
our  offices  and  what  days  we  must  dose  tiiem,  whether  we 
might  leave  the  country  or  not,  and  what  things  we  might 
print  in  our  newspapers.  The  country  accepted  this  form  of 
government  as  necessary  to  win  the  war.  Will  it  accept  it  as 
net^essary  to  frame  and  maintain  peace  ?  Shall  our  railways  be 
given  back  to  private  owners?  Shall  manufa^^turers  be  per- 
mitted to  make  all  the  profits  they  t«n,  subject  to  the  demands 
of  the  law?  Shall  the  prices  of  oil,  wheat,  coal,  and  other 
staple  commodities  be  determined  by  the  law  of  suoply  and 
demand,  and  is  the  Government  to  confine  itself  to  suim  regula- 
tion of  these  great  industries  as  is  necessary  to  protect  the 
community  from  the  evils  produced  by  unlimited  monopolistic 
control,?  Or  is  the  Government  to  continue  to  fix  all  proauction 
and  prices? 

This  is  the  great  question  that  confronts  the  country,  and  it 
must  be  settled  by  the  country  after  deliberation,  consideration, 
and  due  process  of  legislation.  It  cannot  be  and  ought  nut  to 
be  settled  by  executive  order.  The  President's  demand  that  the 
country  must  elect  his  kind  of  representatives  in  Congi-ess,  his 
taking  over  of  the  cables  and  wireless,  the  elaboration  of  his 
visit  to  the  Peace  Conference,  the  i-esignation  of  Mr.  McAdiw, 
who  is  perhaps  the  most  outspoken  nieiuljer  of  the  President's 

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Cabinet,  and  tibe  growing  tendency  of  the  President  to  make 
his  plans  without  consultation  either  with  the  Senate  or  with 
the  people — all  these  things  have  led  thousands  of  Americans 
to  ask,  not  as  partisans  but  as  free  citizens,  whether  the  President 
is  not  becoming,  far  more  than  is  consistent  with  democratic 
welfare,  an  advocate  of  government  by  executive  order. 


THE    OPPORTUNITY    IN   RUSSIA 

The  actual  condition  of  affairs  in  Russia  was  described  the 
other  day  in  an  address  in  New  York  by  Prince  Lvoff,  who 
was  the  head  of  the  Provisional  Russian  Government  which 
came  into  power  immediately  after  the  abdication  of  ihe  Czar. 
Prince  Lvoff,  as  most  of  our  readers  know,  is  a  sincere  advo- 
cate of  self-government  and  of  sound  democracy.  He  declared 
that  his  country  has  been  "  passing  through  terrible  calamities ;" 
that  '*  tiiere  is  complete  anarchy  in  Russia ;"  and  that  this  is  the 
result  of  the  "  destructive  activities  of  the  Bolsheviki."  This  is 
a  dark  and  true  picture  of  the  Russia  of  to-day.  But  hopeful 
opportunities  for  reconstruction  and  restoration  are  now  open. 
The  defeat  of  Germany  and  the  crushing  of  autocracy  the  world 
over  tiiat  is  involved  will  react  on  Russia.  Already  the  effects 
are  evident.  To  quote  Prince  Lvoff  again,  "  the  patient  is  show- 
ing  signs  of  convalescence."  One  source  of  hope  for  Russia  is 
the  fact  that  in  the  armistice  conditions,  and  doubtless  more 
in  the  future  peace  conditions,  insistence  upon  the  freeing  of 
Russia  from  German  influence,  financial,  political,  and  com- 
mercial, is  and  will  be  prominent. 

The  rule  of  the  Bolsheviki  is  a  rule  of  a  minority  led  by 
imscrupulous  fanatics,  maintained  by  the  bayonets  of  disbanded 
soldiers  in  the  laige  centers,  and  now,  according  to  all  acooimts, 
disgraced  by  whoksale  political  assassination.  It  does  not  now, 
ana  never  <ud,  represent  the  Russian  people. 

There  are  signs  in  Russia  itself  of  the  risin?  tide  of  revolt 
against  anarchy.  In  the  Ukraine,  for  instance,  Uie  former  Dic- 
tator, Skoropadski,  who  stood  for  German  domination  and  repre- 
sented those  of  the  Ukrainians  who  were  affiliated  with  the 
Bolsheviki,  has  been  overthrown.  His  successor.  General  Deni- 
kine,  has  established  a  Provisional  Government  bitterly  opposed 
to  all  that  the  Bolsheviki  represent.  Whether  Ukrainia  will  in 
the  end  prefer  to  remain  independent  or  will  join  itself  either 
directly  or  in  a  federated  form  to  a  restored  and  liberal  Russia 
does  not  matter.  The  important  thing  now  is  that  hereafter 
her  influence  wiU  be  thrown  against  the  leaders  who  have 
reduced  Russia  to  the  condition  described  by  Prince  Lvoff. 

At  Omsk  a  change  in  government  also  has  taken  place. 
When  despatches  announced  that  Admiral  Kolchak  had  become 
"  Dictator,"  the  word  had  an  ominous  sound.  But  on  examina^ 
tion  of  the  facts  it  appears  that  what  has  taken  place  has  not  been 
an  overthrow  of  the  All-Russian  Government  at  Omsk,  nor  even 
a  def^it  of  the  Directorate  of  that  Government,  but  simply  a 
change  of  leadership,  with  special  emphasis  placed  on  the  mili- 
tary and  naval  aspects  of  the  movement.  Kolchak  himself  has 
long  been  known  as  a  bitter  opponent  of  Bolshevism,  and  his 
address  to  the  people  of  Russia  announced  the  continued  pur- 
pose of  the  Omsk  Government  to  be  "  the  conquest  of  Bolsh- 
evism and  the  organization  of  right  and  order  so  that  the  people 
can  select  the  form  of  government  they  desire."  That  General 
Seminoff  in  £astem  Siberia  disapproves  of  Kolchak  probably 
comes  from  the  fact  that  Eastern  Siberia,  now  rid  of  Bolshevism 
locally,  cares  less  for  the  idea  of  All-Russia  than  for  that  of 
an  independent  Siberia.  It  remains  true,  as  the  New  York 
"  Times  "  in  a  recent  editorial  well  puts  it,  that  "  a  friendly, 
rational  Government  has  arisen  in  Siberia  out  of  the  chaos  of 
the  past  two  years.  If  it  is  assisted,  in  time  it  may  well  prove 
one  of  the  most  powe:ful  guarantors  of  the  peace  which  will 
be  made  at  Versailles." 

In  the  restoration  of  Russia  America  shoidd  play  a  leading 
part.  Most  emphatically  the  safety  of  world  democracy  is 
involved.  The  trutii  is  tbat  not  only  in  Russia  but  throughout 
the  world  a  strugele  is  going  on,  or  threatened,  between  those 
who  believe  in  seu-govemment  and  those  who  plot  class  war. 
The  contest  is  between  rule  by  the  people  and  rule  by  the  pro- 
letariat. The  issue  is  plainer  in  Russia  than  elsewhere,  but  it 
may  clearly  be  seen  beneath  the  surface  in  the  revolutionary 


movements  now  going  on  in  Germany.  It  is  impending  aW  a 
this  country  in  the  industrial  questions  whidi  will  f<^w  tk 
war.  The  Bolsheviki  and  the  I.  W.  W.  stand  for  the  same  idea; 
they  do  not  want  sane,  moderate  progress  in  the  devdbpoM&t 
of  democracy ;  tiiey  do  not  even  want  Sodalism  as  it  is  nniet. 
stood  by  its  intelli^nt  advocates.  They  want  nothing  moe 
or  less  dian  the  political  and  industrial  supremacy  of  one  dia. 
This  is  the  antithesis  of  democracy,  just  as  much  as  autaoiq 
is  another  antithesis  of  democracy  and  as  capitalislac  supregarf 
might  be  still  another.  The  red  flag,  originally  dedgned  1^ 
the  early  Socialists  to  stand  for  blooa  brotna-bpod  and  buui 
progress,  is  now  becoming  the  flag  of  revolution  and  aiuudi;. 
And  when  those  who  are  preaching  class  war  demand  tbe 
victory  of  the  proletariat  they  do  not  use  that  moatfa-fiOin; 
word  to  represent  the  common  people,  nor  evm  the  workiii; 
people,  but  only  that  portion  of  tiie  working  people  who  adopt 
their  war  cry  and  their  flag. 

It  is  against  this  class  war  that  lovers  of  democracy  tai  ill 
representative  governments  must  aixay  themsdves  the  vorU 
over.  Just  now  Russia  is  the  battleground.  It  is  of  incalcnlaUr 
importance  that  we  should  aid  in  making,  especially  in  Rom 
a  government  of  the  people,  by  the  people,  for  ihe  peoj^  in 
Lmooln's  meaning  of  these  words,  and  not  in  the  false  iaiapt 
tation  upheld  by  sudi  wild  theorists  and  terrorists  as  now  ms- 
govern  m  Moscow  and  Petrograd. 


THE    LEAGUE    TO    ENFORCE    PEACE 

There  now  exists  a  League  of  twenty-tliree  <ayiliied  nalim 
who  have  just  brought  to  a  successful  issne  four  years  "  6gfo^ 
ing  for  peace."  This  Lei^ue  includes  all  the  civilised  Powtn 
who  could  join  it  with  safety  to  themselves.  It  is  bound  togctkr 
by  no  constitution,  no  formal  treaties.  Any  member  ooula  law 
it  at  any  time.  Two  members  have  left  it  dnring  the  var- 
Russia  and  Rumania ;  Russia  voluntarily,  Rumania  under  eas- 
pulsion.  Its  only  bond  of  union  is  a  oommcHi  spirit  and  a  cm 
mon  purpose.  It  is  fluid  like  a  river ;  its  peoples,  like  the  drop 
of  water  in  a  river,  make  one  organization  because  they  aretS 
flowing  toward  the  same  harbor — ^justice,  law,  and  peace  am«^ 
the  nations. 

Twelve  of  these  twenty-three  Powers  have  beoi  active  ea)- 
tributors  of  money  and  men — Belfium,  France,  Grreat  BriBk 
Italy,  Russia,  Rumania,  Serbia,  Montenegro,  Grreeoe,  FortngiL 
Japan,  and  the  United  States.  These  twelve  nations  hart » 
operated  in  this  war  as  one  people.  American  grains  have  np^ 
plied  England,  France,  and  Belgium  with  food ;  British  ships  hin 
furnished  transportation  to  American  soldiers ;  American  destnn- 
era  and  submarine-chasers  have  co-operated  with  the  Brity> 
navy  in  affording  protection  to  the  world's  commerce ;  Americii. 
English,  and  French  soldiers  have  been  brigaded  togethor;  ami 
all  have  fought  as  one  army  and  under  one  oommander-in-rUei 
These  twelve  nations  are  now  about  to  determine  the  oonditka' 
of  a  world  peace.  One  of  the  questions  before  them  is  this :  \^^ 
those  conditions  are  determined,  shall  the  League  be  dissolTed ' 
Or  shall  it  be  continued,  with  such  modifications  as  will  teodl» 
promote  more  than  a  European  peace — a  wwld  peace  ? 

The  question  whether  we  can  make  war  impossible  maj  ^ 
left  to  debating  societies.  The  questimi  of  statesmeu  is,  Can  v 
make  it  easier  to  maintiun  peace  and  more  difficult  to  pniTokr 
war? 

Discredit  has  been  thrown  upon  those  who  advocate  a  hff 
of  Nations  by  dreamers  who  wish  to  abolish  Nationalism  tn 
substituting  Internationalism ;  who  wish  to  organize  the  vuw 
by  creating  a  Republic  of  Nations.  A  Bepuhlic  of  Nations  w 
grow,  but  it  cannot  be  manufactured.  It  must  be  rooted  in  tbr 
supreme  desires  and  intelligent  purposes  of  the  peoples  of  tlv 
various  nations,  or  it  will  l^  powerless  to  resist  theambiti(ns>< 
raonarchs  and  the  passions  of  democracies.  Indeed,  the  iwf 
difficult  obstacle  to  such  a  League  of  Nations  as  is  propoaoi » 
due  to  the  doubt  whether  the  nations  are  so  far  civilised  tit 
they  can  trust  in  each  other's  promises. 

There  was  a  league  of  nations  before  the  war.  Genou? 
was  a  member  of  that  league.  Its  oonstitatioa  provided  xv 
safeguards  against  war  and  some  rules  for  makuig  war  nKf 
humane  than  it  had  been  in  the  past.    Grermany  discarded  f^ 


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1918 


THE  OUTLOOK 


S25 


M>D8titation  as  waste  paper,  deokred  that  **  necessity  knows  no 
biw,"  acknowledged  tint  she  was  eoing  to  oommit  an  act  of 
injnstioe  to  her  neighbor,  and  trusted  to  repair  it  afterward.  It 
»  dear  that  no  league  to  secure  peace  is  of  any  value  if  it  rests 
ipon  the  promises  of  so  Ruthless  and  unscrupnions  a  nation.  It 
18  clear,  tlioefore,  that  any  league  to  secure  peace  must  be 
nrnpoaed  only  of  those  natians  who  have  a  reasonable  decpree  of 
»nfideiioe  in  each  odier's  fidelity  and  integrity.  We  believe 
diat  those  natioiis  who  have  attained  that  degree  of  civilization 
■an  wisely  f  ram  a  league,  the  object  of  which  will  be  to  make  it 
iasiet  to  maintain  peace  and  more  difficidt  to  provoke  war.  But 
uily  those  naticms  should  unite  in  forming  such  a  league  that 
bave  demonstrated  tlieir  moral  power  to  endure  self-sacrifice 
for  the  promotion  of  other  interests  than  their  own.  Such  dem- 
mstration  has  been  furnished  by  the  twelve  nations  that  have 
xHitributed  money  and  men  to  the  prosecution  of  this  war — 
Belgium,  France,  Great  Britain,  Italy,  Russia,  Rumania,  Ser- 
Dia,  Montenegro,  Greece,  Portugal,  Japan,  and  the  United 
States.  To  siudi  a  league,  once  formed,  other  nations  may  be 
tdmitted,  much  as  new  States  are  admitted  to  the  Union  on 
>Tidenoe  that  they  are  likely  to  prove  worthy  members. 

The  object  of  stioh  a  League  is  not  primarily  to  secnre'peace 
ur.3ng  the  nations.  It  is  primarily  to  secure  justice.  Cnarles 
Sumner,  in  his  &mon8de&iiti<in  of  war,  says  that  its  object  is 
»  (letenuine  a  question  of  justice  betwe^  the  nations.  The 
>bject  of  an  International  Lea^e  is  tofindabetter  means  than 
Kwr  to  secure  justice  between  the  nations ;  it  is  to  substitute  the 
tppeal  to  reason  for  the  appeal  to  force.  In  this  respect  it  would 
ioUow  the  method  which  mdividuals  and  organizations  have 
ong  nnoe  adopted  for  the  purpose  of  determining  questions  of 
justice  which  may  arise  within  the  nation. 

A  dream  of  sndi  a  L^igne  has  been  entertained  by  poets 
from  very  early  ^ee.  The  first  practicalproposal  for  such  an 
>rganization  in  recent  times  was  made  by  lldward  Everett  H^ 
n  an  address  delivered  at  the  Lake  Mohonk  Conference  in 
avor  of  International  Arbitration  in  1895 — twenty-three  years 
igo — who  pointed  out  with  characteristic  deamees  that  the  first 
itep  toward  sut^  a  League  must  be  the .  organization  of  a  Per- 
nanent  International  Court  of  Justice,  lliis  suggestion  was 
aken  up  and  brought  before  the  Hague  Conference  by  America, 
ind  eventually  adopted.  Such  a  Permanent  Court  was  organ- 
zed,  and  now  exists. 

If  Germany  and  Austria  had  chosen  to  accede  to  the  urgent 
■equest  of  Italy,  F^ranoe,  Great  Britain,  Russia,  and  Sierbia,  and 
^tad  submitted  to  this  court  the  question  whetiier  Serbia  had 
my  responsibility  for  the  assassination  of  the  Austrian  Crown 
Pnnce,  there  wcnild  have  been  no  war  in  Europe.  The  war  in 
Europe  has  demonstrated  the  fact  that  the  mere  existence  of  a 
?ourt  to  which  nations  may  submit  their  controversies  is  not 
nouffa.  There  must  be  some  power,  physical  or  moral,  which 
rill  lead  tiie  nations  to  avail  themselves  of  the  offices  of  this 
2oart. 

Bat  not  all  questions  can  be  settled  by  a  court  of  law,  for 
!onrts  do  not  create  law,  they  interpret  it.  International  law 
B  analogous  to  the  common  law  of  Great  Britain  and  tiie 
Tftited  states.  Custmns,  habits,  traditions,  that  have  grown 
tp  in  these  two  nations,  which  represent  their  common  sense  of 
rhat  is  right  and  just,  are  recoraized  by  the  community  as 
laving  all  the  force  of  statute  law.  There  is,  or  has  been  in  the 
last,  no  common  law  in  France  because  the  habits,  customs, 
md  traditions  of  the  various  provinces  in  France  are  widely 
lifferent.  International  law  is  simply  the  common  law  of  na- 
ions — tiiat  is,  the  customs,  habits,  and  traditimis  Tdiioh  are 
■ominon  to  civilised  nations.  Questions  sometimes  arise  on  the 
legation  of  which  these  common  customs  throw  no  light  To 
erure  justice  and  peace  among  nations  it  is  necessaiy,  not  only 
o  have  a  court  to  decide  questions  which  are  justiciable — that 
B,  which  can  be  tried  by  a  court — but  it  is  also  necessary  to 
lave  some  method  by  which  questions  which  arise  between 
lations  may  be  subnutted  to  a  Council  of  Nations,  not  for 
latlmritative  decision,  but  for  consideratitHi  and  advice. 

Im  there  any  way  by  which  the  decisions  of  the  Court,  or  the 
iuljj:nient  of  the  Council  of  Nations,  can  be  enforced  upon  a 
lation  that  refuses  to  accept  them  ?  Is  there  no  other  remedy 
or  war  between  individual  nations  than  a  war  by  the  Lea^e 
o  Knforoe  Peace  against  a  rei-aleitrant  nation?   We  think 


there  are  two  other  m^ihods  of  enforcing  the  deoisicHis  of  an 
International  League — puUic  cminion  ana  econmnic  outiawry. 

The  force  of  intemationa]  public  opinim  has  been  strikingly 
illustrated  in  tins  war.  The  public  opinion  of  the  twenty-twee 
civilized  nations  has  reinforced  the  guns  of  Foch  and  Hug  and 
Pershing.  It  has  gotten  behind  me  barrage  of  the  Central 
Powers,  appealed  to  the  reason  and  aroused  the  conscience  of 
the  common  jieople  in  the  autocratic  empues,  destroyed  the 
morale  of  their  armies,  contributed  larguy  to  thdr  military 
defeat,  and  has  been  one  cause  of  the  araication  of  tiieir  autcv 
crats  and  the  dissolution  of  their  empires. 

This  power  of  international  pubhc  ojonion,  which,  after  the 
experience  of  Germany  and  Austria,  is  not  likely  to  be  treated 
with  contempt  by  any  Power,  can  be  reinforced  vrithout  act  of 
war,  by  non-mtercourse.  The  London  "  Spectator,"  in  its  issue 
of  October  26, 1918,  contains  an  article  on  "■  The  League  of 
Nations,"  embodying  suggestions  for  its  constitution,  and  we 
can  perhaps  best  indicate  the  nature  of  an  edict  of  non- 
intercourse  by  quoting  from  this  proposed  constitotion  four 
articles: 

Any  Power  against  which  a  Decree  of  Non- Intercourse  is 

paased  by  the  Council  of  the  League  shall  be  styled  and  regarded 

as  an  Outlawed  Power. 

When  a  Power  is  outlawed  all  trade  and  other  intercourse  is 

forbidden  between  the  Members  of  the  League  and  the  Outlawed 

Power. 
No  ship  belongii^  to  any  Member  of  the  League  shall  enter 

the  ports  of  an   Outlawed  Power,  and  if,  at  we  time  of  the 

Declaration  of  Outlawry,  any  ship  is  in  an  outlawed  port  she 

shall  withdraw  as  soon  ae  possible. 
No  ship  belonging  to  an  Outlawed  Power  is  to  be  permitted 

to  enter  the  ports  of  any  Member  of  tiie  League  of  Nations,  and 

any  ship  in  a  port  of  Members  of  the  League  at  the  time  of  the 

issue  oi  the  Declaration  shall  be  ordered  to  withdraw  forthwith. 

This  would  not  be  an  act  of  war,  though  it  mig^t  lead  to 
war.  For  the  outlawed  nation  might  declare  war  against  the 
League  of  Nations,  though  the  hok^pje  of  Nations  had  not  de- 
clared war  against  the  outlawed  nation. 

This  scheme  will  not  satisfy  those  who  h<^  to  create  at 
Versailles  in  January  a  League  which  will  inaugurate  the 
millennium,  but  it  may  satisfy  those  who  are  content  with  the 
humbler  purpose  of  taking  a  first  step  toward  making  it  easier 
to  n^ajntft'"  peace  and  more  difficult  to  prov<^e  war.  Other 
features  have  been  variously  proposed  for  this  League  of 
Nations.  For  example : 

Tbat  the  Council  of  Nations  should  be  a  permanent  organi- 
zation. 

That  there  should  be  a  representative  Contnress  or  Parlia- 
ment to  formulate  rules  of  international  law,  a  Parliament  with 
perhaps  at  first  only  advisory  powers. 

That  there  should  be  an  admiiustrative  organintion  for  the 
conduct  of  affairs  of  common  interest,  the  protection  and  care 
of  backward  nations,  and  other  similar  matters. 

That  there  shoidd  be  some  provision  for  an  International 
Tribunal  before  which  individual  citizens  might  bring  com- 
plaints fox'  any  infringement  of  the  fundamentu  rights  of  man 
m  case  of  the  violation  of  those  rights  by  any  one  of  the 
nations  of  the  League. 

That  there  should  be  an  agreement  according  to  which  the 
nations  would  contribute  navu  and  military  forces  for  the  pro- 
tection of  any  member  of  the  League  against  an  unjust  war. 

That  there  should  be  an  executive  b^y  able  to  speak  in  the 
name  of  the  nations  represented  and  to  act  in  case  the  peace  of 
the  world  were  endangered. 

These  proposals  we  may  take  into  consideration  in  future  dis- 
cussions.  But  in  this  article  all  we  attempt  to  do  is  to  indicate  to 
skeptics  that  it  is  possible  to  promote  a  League  of  Nations  with- 
out abolishing  nationalism,  to  create  an  international  machinery 
for  the  expression  and  tiie  peaceful  enforcement  of  international 
opinion  without  organizing  offhand  a  federation  of  the  world. 

It  takes  twenty-one  years  to  develop  a  man  sufficientiy  to 
make  him  worthy  to  vote  in  a  municipal.  State,  or  National 
election.  It  is  not  to  be  expected  that  a  Republic  of  Natioiu, 
able  to  guarantee  the  peace  of  the  world,  can  be  perfected  in 
a  six  we^s'  session  of  a  Peace  Conference. 

The  scheme  to  make  a  League  of  Nations  is  subject  to  very 
serious  ejections  ;  but  there  are  still  more  serious  objections  to 

Digitized  by  VJ\^»^V  IV^ 


526 


THE   OUTLOOK 


4Dmi^ 


the  only  altematiTe.  Either  the  nations  that  can  trust  each 
other  miist  find  some  way  to  co-operate  permanently  in  main- 
taining justice,  interpreting  intemationu  law  as  the  expression 
of  justice,  and  enforcing  a  world  peace  founded  on  law  and 

,  jiistice,  or  we  shall  be  compelled  to  begin  again  the  process  of 
competii^ve  armament,  each  one  of  the  great  Powers  endeavor- 

^  iiig  to  ontarm  its  neighbors  that  it  may  be  able  to  protect  itself 
against  them,  and  the  era  of  rivalrv,  jealousy,  suspicion,  and  fear, 
with  all  the  accompanying  train  of  evils,  must  again  be  initiated. 

WHEN   OUR    BOYS    COME  MARCHING 

HOME 

It  is  not  long  before  the  boys  will  be  coming  home.  Th«y 
will  not  be  the  same  boys  they  were  when  they  went  away.  No 
man  can  go  through  what  they  have  gone  through  and  come 
out  unchanged.  They  have  learned  in  the  school  of  life  some 
great  lessons.  Have  we  learned  anything  ? 

They  have  learned  the  meaning  of  brotherhood.  To  Ameri- 
cans who  have  foiight  by  the  side  of  Italians  the  Italian  can 
never  be  a  Di^o.  To  Englishmen  who  have  fought  by  the  side 
of  Frenchmen  the  Frenchman  can  never  l)e  Johnny  Crapeau. 
To  Anglo-Saxons  who  have  fought  by  the  side  of  East-  Indians 
|Jie  E^ast  Indian  can  never  be  a  barbarian.  On  the  battlefield 
the  walls  of  class,  of  race,  of  creed,  have  1)een  battered  down. 
The  prejudices  have  been  dissolved  in  the  atmosphere  of  a  com- 
mon service. 

They  have  learned  the  vaind  both  of  co-operation  and  of  com- 
petition. The  greatest  combination  America  has  ever  known 
IS  the  combination  of  four  million  American  soldiers  in  co- 
operation with  millions  of  Englishmen,  Frenchmen,  and  Italians 
fighting  to  make-  the  world  free.  The  keenest  competiti(Mi 
America  has  ever  seen  is  that  of  individual  soldiers  competing 
'  with  each  other  in  a  strife,  not  as  to  which  could  get  the  bi|^;eBt 
iMOty  or  iixe  highest  honors,  but  as  to  which  could  render  the 
'  largest  and  the  most  perilous  service.  No  price  has  been  too 
great  for  them  to  pay  for  the  privilege  of  serving.  There  lies 
before  me  as  I  write  the  order  of  a  commanding  general  of  an 
American  brigfade,  reporting  to  a  mother  the  death  of  her 
son  "  somewhere  in  France : 

During  heavy  bombardment  of  Brig^e  F.^C.  and  vicinity,  a 
very  important  message  requiring  secrecy,  speed,  and  full  con- 
ception of  its  importance  was  specially  intrusted  to  this  officer 
for  delivery  to  regimental  commander.  Fearlessly  braving  the 
.  storm-,  of  hostile  shells  he  delivered  the  message.  Upon  his  way 
hack  to  Brigade  P.  C.  he  was  struck  with  shell  fragment,  severely 
pounded  and  rendered  unconscious.  Upon  being  picked  ap  and 
carried  to  dressing  station,  he,  with  great,  great  effort,  roused 
himself  and   requested   the   medical  officer  attending   him  to 

notify  " that reports  O.  K.,"  lapsed  back  to  unconsdous- 

ness;  his  single  thoue^ht  being  the  full  and  complete  discharge  of 
duty,  disregarding  his  own  serious  condition. 

When  our  boys,  who  in  this  spirit  of  self-forgetfulness  have 
offered  their  lives  in  service  to  their  fellow-men,  return,  what 
will  they  find  in  us  ?  Will  it  be  the  old  spirit  of  competition — 
every  one  for  himself  and  the  devil  take  the  hindmost  ?  or  will 
it  be  the  new  spirit  of  service,  a  spirit  which  fuses  co-o])eration 
and  competition  and  makes  of  these  aforetime  enemies  friends 
and  allies? 

'Our  boys  have  learned  the  reality  and  terribleness  of  sin. 
"  Sin  is  lawlessness,"  says  the  Apostle.  They  have  learned  to 
hate  lawlessness.  They  have  seen  a  nation  obsessed  by  self-con- 
ceit^ proclaiming  to  the  world  through  the  official  declaration 
of  its  Prime  Minister  that  "  necessity  knows  no  law."  They 
have  seen  the  soldiers  of  that  nation  throwing  off  all  self-restraint 
and  giving  themselves  to  their  passions  in  disregard  of  the  laws 
of  war,  the  laws  of  nations,  the  laws  of  humanity,  and  the  laws 
of  God.  In  devastated  lands,  desolated  homes,  polluted  and 
ruined  churches,  burned  villages  and  towns,  the  anguish  of  help- 
less women  and  children  robbed  of  their  loved  ones,  our  soldiers 
have  seen  written  in  language  which  they  can  never  forget  the 
solemn  warning  of  the  sacred  writer :  "  Self-will,  when  it  hath 
conceived,  beareth  lawlessness ;  and  lawlessness,  when  it  is  full 
grown,  bringeth  forth  death." 

In  their  home  country,  America,  a  gi'eat  and  perhaps  grow- 
ing Church,  bearipg  the  name  of  Christian,  has  been  telling 


them  that  there  is  no  evil  except  in  O9j^,0yna  imaginim  tk 
God  is  good  and  God  is  all,  and, therefore  all. is  gmd.  in  '«br 
oolWes  and  universities  professors  have  been  telling  tlieiii  tk' 
evil  IS  only  good  in  the  making,  that  it  is  only  immatority.tk 
time  and  growth  cure  all  things.  In  current  literature  ami  em 
rent  conversation  they  have  been  incited  to  think  thattfat- ilnii 
is  not  so  bad  as  he  is  painted,  and  sanction  to  this  dortriur  b 
been  given  by  great  names.  Sai<l  Hume:  "  Were  one  bif 
round  the  world  with  the  intention  of  giving  a  good  supin-r  \> 
the  righteous  and  a  sound  drubbing  ,t(it  the  wicked,  be  muLii 
frequently  be  embarrasse<l  in  his  cnoiiqe,  and  would  dul  tit- 
merits  and  demerits  of  most  men  !^d.,wQinpn  scarcely  aiiuwc: 
to  the  value  of  either."  To  these  philoMop^es  our  soldier  W 
can  never  again  give  consent.  They  |have  ^n  too  cleariy  tL- 
merits  of  virtue,  they  have  realized  too  deeply  the  realitv  i 
vrickedness,  and  they  have  learned  to  lutte,  with  a  releutl^ 
hatred,  the  spirit  capable  of  the  atrociti^  they  have  witnnMi 
The  battlefield  experiences  of  the  last  two  years  hare  Im 
a  tremendous  education  of  the  American  oonscienoe  almaiL 
What  have  they  done  to  educate  the  American  oonscienceit 
home  ?  Have  they  called  us  out  of  our  chambers  of  ease?  Hirr 
they  taught  ns  to  see  things  as  they  are  ?  to  realize  that  m 
b  not  a  figment  of  preachers,  not  a  mere  negative  uui  ban- 
less  thing,  but  a  living  spirit  incarnate  in  individual  men  aDdb 
masses  ot  men  ?  that  Quilp  and  lago  are  real  men,  and  tbts 
nation  may  become  plague-stricken  with  an  epidemic  of  fenxitr 
Will  they  find  at  home  only  a  hatred  of  the  Germans  ?  or  wiS  tbn 
find  a  people  who  see  a  possible  German  in  every  braggart »» 
every  bully,  and  who  bate  the  cruelties  which  grow  rank  o 
fields  of  peaoe  as  much  as  they  hate  those  which  grow  oo  firU.' 
of  battle,  and  those  which  grow  on  American  soil  as  w^u 
those  which  grow  ou  the  sou  of  Germany  ? 

Our  boys  nave  learned  that  life  is  one  long  campaign ;  tk 
good  and  evil  are  engaged  in  a  lif e-and-death  struggle ;  that » 
long  as  that  struggle  continues  pacifism  is  disloyuty ;  and  tini 
it  can  never  end  except  by  the  unconditional  surrender  of  tk 
forces  of  evil.  They  have  learned  that  ^ere  can  be  no  victon 
except  by  self-sacrifice.  They  have  grown  optimistic,  not  beeanKi 
"  God's  m  his  heav^,  all's  right  with  the  world,"  but  becao* 
God  is  in  his  world,  the  comrade  of  those  who  are  makiiig  i: 
all  right ;  not  because  life  is  a  peaceful  and  happy  haven,  tc 
because  the  victory  which  can  be  won  ooly  by  uie  sbeddin;*' 
blood  is  worth  all  the  blood  and  tears  it  will  cost.  Theenigmi^ 
ical  text,  the  puzzle  of  theologuuis  for  centuries,  has  gaiiM 
for  them  a  new  significance :  "  Without  the  shedding  of  How' 
there  is  no  remission  of  sin."  Life  baa  given  to  the  doctrinr 
of  sacrifice  for  these  boys  a  new  and  deeper  meaning  than  tbct^ 
ogy  had  ever  given  to  it.  ,         ^ 

From  a  private  letter  of  one  of  our  soldier  boys,  a  good  fria^ 
of  mine,  I  am  permitted  to  copy  an  extract.  Two  brotheiv 
devoted  to  each  other  with  an  unusual,  devotion,  were  serriii; 
at  the  same  point  on  the  front,  and  both  went  "  over  the  txf 
at  idmost  the  same  time,  though  not  together  One  got  bit-k 
aafely,  tiiough  dangerously  gamed ;  the  other,  wounded  bj  • 
shell,  was  brought  back  to  die.    The  living  one  writes : 

Would  that  I  could  tell  you  as  much  about ,  but  I  amsoU 

in  doubt  about  his  condition.  The  day  before  we  went  "  over  itt 
top  "  he  went  on  a  patrol  into  No  :>um'8  Land  after  some  Bb 
machine-gunners  and  snipers.  I  did  not  know  that  he  had  goB^ 
ontil  he  was  brought  into  the  trench  on  a  stretcher  at  night,  «n- 
ously  wounded  by  machine-gun  bullets.  Despite  the  fact  thai  ^ 
had  lain  oat  there  alone  for  four  hours  or  so,  with  his  wounds,  W 
was  absolutely  clear  iu  his  thoughts,  and,  what  is  more,  nugai^ 
cent  beyond  description  in  telung'ine  his  story.  Sach  beni|» 
was  never  surpassed.  We  took  him  to  the  first-aid  station  ja« 
before  we  bemn  our  advance.  I  cannot  tell  you  what  the  oi^ 
come  wUl  be,  but  I  am  in  great  hopM  of  his  recovery,  bx*Teai» 
dean-lived — thaf  s  what  counts  in  a  situation  of  this  UimL 

I  am  optimistic ;  I  believe  all  is  comine  out  ri^it  Bat  aln ' 
look  upon  death  and  suffering  in  a  di^rent  light  I  saw  v» 
many  men,  some  my  best  comrades,  who  will  never  handle  r* 
again.  But,  oh,  it  was  worth  it !  AVhat  are  we  eonqiared  ts  t!» 
task  we  are  achieving ! 

Multiply  this  typical  letter  by  a  tl^oiia^d,  and  then  «*• 
thousand  by  another  thousand,  and  ask  yourself  the  qu««tu>' 
What  spirit  do  these  boys  possess  ? 

And  then   ask  yourself :  In  what  spirit  shall  we  wel"'"' 

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527 


them  ?  Do  we  mean  that  the  self-sacrifices  of  the  last  two  years 
shall  be  only  an  episode  in  American  life  ?  Or  shall  it  be  the 
beginniug  of  an  enduring  change  in  the  American  character? 

To  many  of  these  boys  there  has  come  a  new  experience  of 
death.  The  grave  is  no  longer  a  cell ;  it  is  an  open  door.  Some- 
thing lies  beyond.  What  ?  They  cannot  tell.  They  have  no 
vision  of  a  celestial  city,  none  of  Elysian  fields.  They  have  no 
theory  of  immortality.  But  to  them  death  has  become  only  one 
more  stage  in  the  Great  Adventure  to  which  they  |;ave  them- 
selves when  they  consecrated  their  lives  to  the  service  of  their 
country  and  their  fellow-men.  That  consecration  was  not  the 
consequence  of  any  unthinking  emotionalism.  They  weighed 
the  question  carefiuly.  Into  the  one  scale  they  put  ease,  com- 
fort, home,  their  youthfiU  ambitious,  liberty  of  action,  their 
love  of  life.  Into  the  other  scale  they  put  exUe  from  home,  dis- 
comfort, discipline,  probable  pain,  possible  death,  but  also  their 
honor,  the  honor  of  their  country,  and  their  love  for  their 
fellow-men.  These  outweighed  the  others.  It  is  true  that  some 
vent  under  ccmipulsion ;  but  most  of  them  went  gladly,  and  the 
reluctant  soon  caught  the  spirit  of  the  enthusiastic.  The  achieve- 
ment which  inspired  them  they  counted  as  worth  dying  for. 
[f  death  were  the  end,  the  achievement  would  still  be  worth 
lying  for.  But  they  no  longer  think  of  it  as  the  end.  It  has 
liecome  to  them  a  new  beginning. 

How  shall  we  receive  them?  Shall  we  chill  their  newly  en- 
kindled enthusiasm  by  receiving  them  into  homes  draped  in  the 
pagan  emblems  of  the  hopeless  sorrow  of  those  who  can  see 
my  a  tomb  from  which  me  stone  can  never  be  rolled  away  ? 
>r  shall  we  intensify  their  faith  by  our  own  unquenchable  faith 
n  the  inextinguishable  life  of  love,  service,  and  self-sacrifice  ? 

And  oar  boys  have  acquired — no !  there  has  been  bestowed 
ipon  our  boys  in  this  the  greatest  hour  of  their  lives  a  new  expe- 
ience  of  the  Eternal.  It  may  not  be  a  new  faith  in  the  creedal 
lefinitions  of  God.  It  ma^  be  that  those  definitions  have  been 
wept  away  by  their  experiences.  Their  faith  may  be  as  vague 
«  Alatthew  Arnold's  faith  in  "  a  Power  not  ourselves  that, 
oakes  for  righteousness ;"  it  may  be  as  vi^;ue  as  Herbert  Spen- 
er's  faith  in  "  an  Infinite  and  Eternal  Enei^  from  which  all 
bings  proceed."  But  it  is  a  faith,  from  which  they  cannot  if 
hey  would  escape,  in  a  Power  greater  than  their  own. 

Ope  soldier  writes  home :  "  All  the  infidels  are  in  the  rear ; 
very  one  here  at  the  front  believes  in  God  and  the  future." 
Lnother  writes :  "  There  is  no  fear  here  except  the  fear  of 
lod."  Still  another :  "  We  are  at  last  willing  to  act  as  though 
re  believed  in  both  God  and  immortality."  Miss  Kirkland 
1  her  little  book  "  The  New  Death  "  sums  up  her  study  of  these 
ildiers'  experiences  in  the  following  two  sentences: 

"A  Power  is  certainly  at  work — is  it  God  or  devil,  for  no  one 
ares  longer  to  call  it  Chance.    Every  instinct  answers  God." 

And  again  :  "  He  is  not  the  God  of  theology.  He  is  some- 
nies  frankly  an  evolutional  God,  himself  travailing  with  his 
niverse  toward  perfection." 

Thexe  Iwys  have  been  caught  up  in  a  tidal  wave  of  human 
lought  and  feeling  which  man  did  not  create  and  man  cannot 
ntrol,  and  which  is  sweeping  the  nations  of  the  earth  toward 
future  which  man  can  but  dimly  foresee.  They  have  felt  the 
itemal  Power  and  realize  it  as  only  they  can  realize  it  who 
ive  experienced  it.  And  in  this  hour  of  victoi^ — victory  be- 
md  their  expectations — they  have  felt  also  the  Eternal  Good- 
ws.  They  are  devoutly  glad  that  God  has  not  fought  their 
ittles  for  them ;  that  he  has  not  performed  their  duty  and 
t  them  escape  the  trial ;  that  he  has  trusted  them  to  fight  his 
ittlefi  with  him  and  share  with  him  the  glory  of  the  victory, 
heir  exuberant  joy  is  also  a  reverent  thanksgiving. 
Tliis  is  not  true  of  alL  There  are  some  cardess  and  indiffer- 
it  spirits  who  will  be  careless  and  indifferent  still.  But  many, 
we  may  judge  from  their  published  letters  most,  of  these 
lys  win  not  have  passed  through  these  experiences  without  some 
>w  vision  of  truth,  some  new  understanding  of  life.  AVIiat 
«eting  shall  we  be  prepared  to  give  them  ?  Into  what  atmos- 
lere  will  they  come  ?  Shall  we  chill  them  with  our  skepticism 
id  our  indifference  ?  Or  shall  we  be  ready  to  see  the  truth 
«y  see  and  share  with  them  in  their  new  life,  that  we  and 
ey  together  may  build  the  new  world  of  faith  in  G(kI  and  the 
kiure«  and  of  love  and  hope  for  our  fellow-men  ? 

Li->iAX  Abbott. 


A    HOP   IN    THE    BLUE   ETHER 

The  naval  officer  in  command  was  friendly  in  a  formal, 
restrained  fashion  tiiat  was  not  without  a  charm  of  its  own ;  he 
spoke  as  one  having  authority,  but  behind  his  roond  spectacles 
was  a  warm  sparkle. 

"  Will  you  have  a  hop  ?"  he  asked. 

The  Happy  Eremite  was  puzzled ;  evidently  he  revealed  his 
bewilderment,  for  the  sparkle  in  the  commander's  eyes  bright- 
ened ;  he  smiled. 

"  Will  you  go  up?"  hetsaid. 

The  Happy  Eremite  canght  his  breath.  He  knew  now  to 
what  high  adventure  the  commander  had  invited  him  in  so  cas- 
ual a  phrase.  For  an  instant  panic  seized  him.  He  saw  himself 
thousands  of  feet  in  the  air ;  he  saw  something  go  wrong  and 
himself  crashing  headlong ;  he  saw  himself  an  hour  or  less  hence 
an  unrecognizable  mass  on  the  ground — the  fears  tumbled  over 
each  other.  He  thought,  more  soberly,  of  the  responsibilities  of 
a  married  man ;  he  thought  of  a  widow  laboriously  supporting 
three  children.  With  a  recklessness  which  made  him  fe5 
extraordinarily  but  not  unpleasantly  wicked,  he  shoved  these 
chilly  apprehensions  into  pigeonholes. 

He  told  the  commander  that  he  wonld  be  deeply  thrilled  to 
have  a  hop. 

The  commander  escorted  him  to  a  pier  where  a  boat  was 
waiting  to  take  him  to  the  seaplane  that  lay  like  a  gigantic  gull 
floating  silently  on  the  slow-moving  river.  The  bmt  itself  was 
a  marvelous  and  absurd  creation,  the  like  of  which  never  was  on 
land  or  sea.  To  the  eye  it  was  a  scow,  flat^bottomed,  fiat^lecke<l, 
with  a  roomy  cockpit  where  a  dozen  might  be  comfortable ; 
but  in  action  it  was  not  even  remotely  like  a  scow.  It  was 
equipped,  it  seemed,  with  two  high-power  motors.  Fifteen 
seconds  after  it  left  the  dock  it  was  flying  over  the  water  at  the 
rate  of  twenty  miles  an  hour ;  fifteen  seconds  later  it  was  going 
at  the  rote  of  fifty. 

"  You  see,"  explained  the  stout  and  genial  helmsman,  *'  now 
and  then  one  o'  wem  planes  gets  in  trouble  an'  drops,  an'  then 
it's  up  to  some  one  to  get  over  to  where  she  hits  as  quick  as 
possible  an'  do  rescue  work." 

"  Urn,"  said  the  Happy  Eremite,  imcertain  whether  he  was 
gratef id  for  t^e  explanation  or  not.  Visions  of  himself,  all  arms 
and  1^,  somersaulting  through  space  i-etumed  to  plague  him. 

"  Give  me  yOur  name,  please,  sir,"  said  a  respectful  voice  at  his 
elbow.  He  turned.  A  sailor  was  standing,  pencil  and  paper  in  hancL 

He  gave  it,  puzzled. 

"  And  your  address  ?" 

He  gave  that  too.  A  light  began  to  dawn  on  him. 

"  Of  course  it  isn't  r^Ily  necessary,  sir,"  said  the  sailor, 
reassuringly.  "  But  it's  the  regulations,  in  case — " 

"  I  understand,"  said  the  Happy  Eremite,  weakly  "  The 
remains  of  the  remains — " 

The  scow,  like  a  race-horse  in  mufti,  sped  playfully  to  and 
fro,  scaroelytouching  the  water,  amazingly  ugly  and  unbeliev- 
ably fleet.  Then  in  a  last  flying  dash  it  drew  up  to  the  wide- 
winged  plane.  The  two  amazing  creations  snuggled  up  to 
each  other  as  the  Happy  Eremite,  not  at  all  certain  that  he  was 
not  on  the  point  of  emlmrking  '..'u  his  last  great  journey,  climbed 
over  the  prow  of  the  motor  boat  up  on  the  rounded  body  of  the 
great  sea-bird.  The  aviator  was  already  at  his  post.  He  was  a 
round-faced,  cheerful,  fair-haii-ed  man  of  twenty-odd  who  had 
flown  in  France  and  had  more  than  one  German  to  his  credit. 
Two  mechanics  were  with  him ;  a  third  clambered  aboard  with 
the  Eremite  and  helped  him  acljnst  his  helmet  and  goggles. 

The  Ha^py  Eremite  took  his  place  in  the  round  cockpit  at 
the  bow,  his  arms  resting  on  its  rim,  wondering  dimly  whether 
he  was  unforgivably  reckless  in  risking  a  "  family  man's " 
neck  in  the  pursuit  of  experience.  Airplanes  had  been  known 
to  fall ;  people  had  been  Known  to  be  killed  in  consequence — 
even  such  important  people  as  passengers.  He  wondered 
whether  the  thing  would  rock.  Ships  at  sea  had  proved  to  him 
long  since  that  things  which  rocked  had  infinite  capacity  to 
make  him  miserable. 

The  mechanics  cranked  one  of  the  great  motors  overhead  ; 
then  the  other.  The  enormous  padiUes  whirred  thunderously, 
the  bird  started  forward. 

For  a  hundre<l  yards,  for  two  hiuidrtnl  yards,  it  specl  along 

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IDceoika 


Bwiftlv  on  the  sur&oe  of  the  water.  The  engines  thundered 
more  loadly.  Suddenly  a  lift  forward,  a  sweep  upward,  for  the 
ELappjr  Eranitetbe  indescribable  thrill  of  seeing  rippled  brown 
water  wididraw  as  the  fixae  shot  slanting  into  the  misty  No- 
vember air ;  and  in  an  incredibly  riiort  time  the  miraculous 
bird  was  high  over  the  world  of  men,  thundering  up  and  on  at 
a  hundred  and  ten  miles  an  hour. 

He  stood  in  the  cockpit  witii  head  and  shoulders  above  the 
deck.  The  wind  beat  wiUi  blinding  fierceness  aeainst  his  eyes 
and  ears,  searching  out  weak  spots  m  his  protective  armor.  He 
ducked  into  the  cockpit  to  eaten  his  breatn.  Iliete,  out  of  the 
wind,  he  lost  immediately  all  sense  of  prodigious  movement. 
Except  for  the  thunder  of  the  motors  overhead  there  was  noth- 
ing to  suggest  that  he  was  rushing  through  space  at  almost  two 
mues  a  mmute.  There  was  no  swaying,  no  vibration.  It  oc- 
curred to  him  that  no  high-powered  automobile  had  ever  run 
along  a  perfect  road  as  easily  as  this  thing  with  wings  flew 
through  the  free  spaces  of  heaven. 

He  raised  his  head  to  the  rim  of  the  cockpit  again  to  receive 
the  terrific  imslaueht  of  the  air.  They  were  high  over  the  city 
now,  swe^ing  spkndidly,  like  superior  beings,  over  the  flat, 
brown  webwork  of  houses  and  streets  where  the  lesser  orders  of 
creation  were  living  and  dying  and  working  and  sorrowing  and 
reading  the  sporting  news  as  the  trolleys,  after  the  day's  work, 
bore  them  from  one  prison  cell  to  another.  The  houses,  with 
their  tin  roofs,  dark  red,  looked  like  toy  houses. 

"  I  used  to  play  with  things  like  that,"  he  said  to  himself, 
wmideringly. 

The  seaplane  swept  like  a  great  eagle,  ocHisciousof  its  king- 
ship, majestically  across  the  city,  and  majestically  across  again. 
The  brown  river  winding  in  and  out  among  brown  houses 
shimmered  in  the  fading  yellow  light.  Three  thousand  feet 
below,  the  Eremite  could  see  motor  cars  scurrying  like  mice 
around  the  sharp  otMmers  of  a  park.  Black  specks  that  were 
human  beings  went  to  and  fro,  Lilliputian  midgets  hurrying  on 
Lilliputian  business,  as  though  it  were  of  importance.  Sky- 
scrapers looked  as  though  a  giant  had  sat  on  them  and  squashed 
them  like  an  opera  hat. 

They  swept  through  the  vast  freedom  of  the  upper  air.    The 


world  of  houses  and  black  things  that  moved  on  l^^s  seenud  t« 
the  Happy  Eremite  utterly  unroal,  and  for  all  time  apart  bm 
his  own  existence.  It  scarcely  seemed  possible  that  he  hid  <>(» 
had  a  share  in  that  toy-life  nr  bdow ;  it  seemed  altoK(^)eraD 
thinkable  that  he  shomd  return  to  it.  He  lost  all  trsa  of  time. 

They  left  the  city  behind  and  flew  into  the  smoky  sawt 
Now  bielow  them  were  the  scaffoldings  of  shipyards,  a  IttU-dnBi 
battleships  moored  to  piers,  salt  meadows,  the  widaung  stztiit. 
The  great  gull  dipped  and  turned,  crossing  the  river ;  he  sotml 
and  turned,  8weM>ing  back  again.  The  air  was  his  and  tUtlr 
hisHbtways  thereof. 

The  beat  of  the  wind  was  intoxicating.  **  Proud  Cotto,' 
murmured  the  Happy  Eremite,  ^  never  nad  a  momeot  Ee 
this." 

The  west  was  a  blur  of  old  |;old.  They  turned  grandly  abont 
in  the  fading  afterglow,  dippmg  forward  as  they  desooxy. 
The  meadows  came  nearer,  the  roofs  of  long  shed-like  factai» 
rose  to  meet  them.  Down,  down,  almost  to  the  tops  of  baQd 
ings ;  down  in  a  long,  graceful  swoop,  down  to  the  wiin'' 
surface,  flying  just  above  it,  touching  it,  then  suddenly  witli 
magnificent  burst  of  energy  and  a  ^lout  such  as  a  giant  hinl 
naturally  woidd  make,  up  like  a  gull  again,  ten,  fifty,  a  biifr 
dred,  a  thousand  feet  over  die  dusking  river ;  a  long  sweef 
round,  a  long  sweep  home,  a  dipping  down,  a  weakening  of  tk 
onslaught  of  the  wind,  a  quieting  of  the  thunder  of  the  moton. 
a  splashing  in  dark  waters,  silence,  the  world  of  Li]lipatii» 
agam. 

The  Happy  Eremite  walked  through  the  streets  of  the  dt; 
like  a  man  from  Mars,  conscious  above  all  of  aj^ialling  oongv- 
tion,  of  snorting  beasts  with  daialing  eyes  letting  unexpecttdh 
from  ambush,  of  the  awful  dangers  of  crossing  a  city  stnd 
"  Life  isn't  safe  down  here,"  he  complained. 

He  wandered  about  aimlessly  all  tiie  evening,  wonderine  vbt 
was  the  matter  with  his  bump  of  concentration,  and  why  it 
was  looking  on  the  world  of  taxis  and  street  comers  with  hA 
unfathomable  loadiing. 

At  last,  toward  midnight,  he  found  the  answer.  He  «> 
homeuck.  He  felt  like  a  rallen  angel  exiled  among  E^hnw  or 
Fiji  Islanders. 


A  CRISIS  IN  THE  LEADERSHIP  OF  PRESIDENT  WILSOK 

This  special  despatch  to  the  New  York  <*  Evening  Post "  by  David  Lawrence,  its  Washington  correspondent,  is  reprinted  here  by  peniuai» 
See  editorial  comment  elsewhere  entitled  "  The  President,  tne  Cabinet,  Bureaucracy,  and  the  Country." — ^Trb  EbrroBs. 


Waahington,  Norember  2S. 

PRESIDENT  WILSON  is  himself  so  strong  an  advocate 
of  frankness  in  public  business  and  politics  mat  he  will  not 
mistake  the  sincerity  of  purpose  and  disinterestedness  of 
his  many  friends  who  bebeve  that  he  is  face  to  face  wil^  a  crisis 
in  his  own  career  both  as  the  leader  of  the  DMUocratic  party 
and  the  representative  of  America  at  the  Peace  Conference. 

Briefly,  there  b  a  dissatisfaction  and  discontent  inside  the 
Democratic  party  of  which  the  public  has  hitherto  had  no  hint, 
but  which,  iJf  left  imcorrected  oy  the  President  himself,  will 
mean  that  as  he  goes  to  Europe  he  will  leave  behind  a  dejected 
and  depressed  following  whose  enthusiasm  for  him  will  have 
been  seriously  diminished. 

Men  who  are  not  office-holders  but  unselfish  friends  of  the 
President  are  grieved  and  disappointed.  They  are  not  Republi- 
cans, they  are  not  his  political  foes,  but  they  are  the  men  Who 
helped  elect  him  in  1912  and  in  1916,  and  they  are  talking 
earnestly  among  tliemselves  about  what  can  be  done  to  make 
the  President  see  that  he  must  clean  house,  that  he  must  re- 
organize his  entire  Cabinet,  and  that  he  must,  indeed,  reorgan- 
ize the  Democratic  party  in  Congress  so  that  he  will  have 
advisers  in  the  Executive  branch  of  uie  Government  uid  leaders 
in  the  L^islatdve  branch  who  are  in  sympathy  with  the  true 
wishes  and  spirit  of  the  American  people. 

After  tallnng  with  dozens  of  these  men,  the  names  of  any  one 
of  whom,  if  published,  would  carnr  the  conviction  that  they  are 
seeking  only  things  which  will  help  and  not  hurt  tiie  President, 
one  gets  a  consensus  of  opinion  which  is  unmistakable.  Here 
and  Uiere  are  suggestions  of  method  which  differ,  here  and  there 


;rees  of  dissatas&ction,  but,  put  cat^orioS; 
the  mistakes  which  the  Presidoit  himsdf  > 


are  different  d^ 
these  are  some  oi 
declared  to  have  made  or  to  be  making  to-day : 

First,  the  President,  in  his  absorption  in  foreign  qneBtioK' 
lias  gotten  out  of  touch  with  the  true  spirit  of  Ameiica  « 
domestic  questions.  He  has  listened  to  a  small  group  of  advisw 
who  have  had  his  ear  to  the  exclusion  of  the  greater  groop  ^ 
friends  who  come  from  the  Middle  West  and  West  and  sedi* 
of  the  East  where  people  are  finding  it  difficult  to  reooncitrtk 
brand  of  democracy  which  Mr.  Wuson  preached  at  the  ooc^ 
of  his  Administraticm  with  the  retention  of  distinctly  aatornlr 
and  bureaucratic  adviseris  and  with  his  own  sedtuiveneBa 

Second,  the  friends  at  tlie  Presidoit  are  nnable  to  imdentiiJ 
why  GreorgQ  Creel  shonid  be  tak«i  to  Europe  as  tJie  head  ofta; 
committee  on  public  information  when  Mr.  Creel,  notwitho*^ 
ing  his  fine  personality  and  dose  personal  friendship  for  it 
President  and  sympathy  \rith  the  Wilson  ideas,  haa  lost  if 
confidence  of  the  American  press,  and  tiiereby  the  people. 

Third,  the  friends  of  Mr.  WilsMi  bdieve  a  grave  mist^ 
was  made  in  announcing  the  despatch  of  Mr.  Creel  to  Eon^ 
at  the  same  time  that  Postmaster^Greneral  BoriesoD  was  f* 
mitted  to  take  over  ocmtrol  of  the  Atlantic  cables.  Theae  wp 
have  been  denounced  as  "  ooloesal  blunders,"  not  raerdj  ^ 
Republicans,  bat  by  Mr.  Wilatrn's  most  loyal  friends,  who** 
notning  personal  by  it  either. 

Fourth,  they  bdieve  that  Mr.  Wilson's  Cabinet  is^^y^ 
annuated  and  in  a  mt,  and  that  tiie  resignation  of  Wiw* 
Gibbs  McAdoo  deprives  the  Administration  of  one  of  its 
efficient  public  servants,  and  that  the  President  shoolt)  k>i 
Digitized  by  VJ^^VJV  l*^ 


m 


THE  OUTLOOK 


529 


ever  permitted  him  to  resign  nntil  after  reoonstraotion  was 
rell  under  way,  or  at  least  Mr.  Wilson  had  returned  from 
Cnrope. 

fifth,  they  consider  that  Southern  domination  in  Congress 
nd  elsewhere  will  prove  &tal  to  tiie  Democratic  party's  chances 
9  regain  tlie  oonfidenoe  <^  Western  electorates. 

Sixth,  they  are  deeply  disi^Hiointed  that  Mr.  Wils(»  himself 
hould  have  kept  himself  aloof  from  men  frtmi  various  States 
rho  have  songnt  to  aid  him  in  the  rast,  and  that  he  should 
ave  depaided  so  much  on  his  own  judgment  or  the  advice  of  a 
mall  group  of  provinoially  minded  advisers. 

Seventh,  and  most  important  of  all,  there  is  a  deep-rooted 
eeling  that  Mr.  Wilson  has  not  taken  account  of  the  resents 
lent  of  the  American  people  for  his  failure  to  take  into  his 
ouncils  on  foreign  affairs  Republicans  as  well  as  Democrats. 
t  is  true  that  there  are  some  Republicans  who  are  not  in  sym- 
athy  with  Mr.  Wilson's  ideas,  but  many  Republicans  would 
e  if  taken  into  the  Preaideut's  confidence. 

Close  friends  of  the  Presideftt  believe  it  is  his  duty,  at  least, 
>  call  into  conference  Republicans  of  all  shades  of  opinion  and 
ly  before  them  the  .programme  he  intends  to  pursue  at  tiie  Peace 
Conference. 

The  last  suggestion  probably  will  not  please  the  President, 
nt  the  time  is  past  when  friends  of  Mr.  Wilson  out  of  mere 
espect  for  his  likes  and  dislikes  can  afford  to  remain  silent, 
hie  of  the  most  curious  features  of  the  situation  is  that  some 
f  the  men  with  whom  I  have  talked  do  not  feel  that  they  can 
ery  well  tell  Mr.  Wilson  the  truth.  Some  of  them  would  be 
ilUng  to  tell  him  the  truth  about  his  loss  of  prestige  in  this 
juntry  if  he  only  gave  them  audience.  Others  woiud  just  as 
K>n  write  him  their  views,  and  some  have  done  so.  But  the 
lajority  of  President  Wilsonljj^riends  are  talking  among  them- 
dves  of  the  necessity  of  bringing  forcibly  to  Mr.  Wilson's 
ttention  that  be  is  drifting  airay  trom  the  original  precepts  of 


openness  and  managing  the  Grovenunent  in  a  personal  and  private 
way  which  does  not  square  with  his  professions  of  democracy. 

Perhaps  the  most  severe  criticism  heard  is  of  Mr.  Wilson's 
decision  to  go  to  Europe  at  this  critical  time.  Nobody  begrudges 
the  President  a  great  part  in  the  settlemoit  of  the  peace  of  the 
w(Jrld,  nor  his  remarkable  influence  in  bringing  victory  to  the 
Allies ;  but  the  feeling  of  the  men  who  are  fond  of  the  Presi- 
dent and  who  have  the  courage  to  tell  correspondents  how  they 
feel  is  that  he  treated  the  American  people  with  indifference 
when'he  failed  in  his  first  annoimoement  to  tell  the  exact  pur- 
pose of  his  journey  and  the  provision  he  planned  to  make  for 
the  transaction  of  public  business  in  his  absence. 

The  revolt  inside  the  Democratic  party  is  not  of  recent  origin. 
It  has  been  growing  for  several  months,  and  may  explain  die 
lukewarm  activity  of  many  Democratic  National  Committeemen 
in  the  recent  election,  many  of  whom  felt  that  a  large  part  of 
the  Republican  criticism  of  the  record  of  the  Democratic 
Congress  was  absolutely  true,  and  that  it  was  useless  to  try  to 
make  the  people  think  otherwise. 

Mr.  Wilson  is  considering  the  appointment  of  peace  delegates. 
Some  of  the  names  mentioned  have  rankled  m  the  minds  of 
disinterested  friends  who  want  to  see  America  represented  by 
broad-minded  and  able  men,  instead  of  the  same  type  of  pro- 
vincialism which  has  caused  dissatisfaction  throughout  the 
ooimtry  before.  President  Wilson  may  not  know  it,  b6t  the 
morale  of  his  friends  is  at  a  low  ebb.  There  is  no  (me  but  him- 
self on  whom  responsibility  can  be  placed,  and  no  one  but  him- 
self who  can  restore  the  confidence  of  tiie  people  in  him  at  a 
time  when  he  must  needs  tell  European  statesmen,  skilled  in 
the  bargaining  methods  of  tiie  Old  World  (Uplomats,  that  be 
speaks  for  a  united  America,  which  doesn't  want  to  see  selfish- 
ness supersede  a  spirit  of  justice  at  the  peace  table,  and  is  par- 
ticularly anxious  tnat  the  sacrifices  America  has  made  shall  not 
have  been  made  in  vain. 


PRESIDENT  WILSON  AT  THE  PEACE  CONFERENCE 


A  POLL  JOF  THE  AMERICAN   PRESS 


PRESIDENT  WILSON  has  decided  to  attend  the  coming 
Peace  Conference. 
No  annoimcement  of  a  personal  or  political  nature  has 
died  forth  more  instant  and  independent  comment.  News- 
ipers  that  are  ordinarily  stout  supporters  of  the  President 
ive  not  hesitated  to  express  their  dismay  at  his  decision.  On 
«  other  hand,  many  of  his  supporters  are  equally  pleased, 
gain,  newspapers  that  are  ordinarily  the  President's  political 
tponents  join  in  earnest  commendation,  and,  of  course,  there 
«  critics.  Republican  and  independent,  who  "  have  no  use  for  " 
:r.  Wilson's  decision  to  go  abroad. 

If  the  political  lines  are  thus  broken,  so  are  the  geographical 
les.  It  makes  no  difference  where  a  newspaper  is  published, 
le  cannot  be  certain  from  its  place  of  publication  just  how  it  is 
ling  to  think  on  this  subject. 

UNFAVOBABLB  COMMENT 
For  instance,  one  would  naturally  suppose  that  in  Louisiana, 
e  stronghold  of  Democracy,  at  least  a  respectful  attitude 
ward  the  President  might  be  taken ;  and  yet  we  find  the  New 
rieans  "Times-Picayune"  (Dem.)  saying:  "Mr.  Wilson  is 
Aug  to  Europe,  one  gathers,  not  to  sight-see  but  to  be  sight- 

On  the  Pacific  coast  the  Los  Angeles  "Express"  (Rep.) 
inks  that  it  "  speakd  the  thought  of  most  Americans  "  when 
counsels  the  President  to  forego  all  thought  of  attending  the 
nee  Conference.  It  adds : 

He  has  little  to  gain  in  respect  of  his  own  fame  and  much  to 
lose,  and  in  respect  of  the  United  States  he  has  nothing;  whatever 
to  gain  and  ever^rthing  to  lose.  It  may  be  that  trosted  inliniates 
who  persuaded  him  to  his  undoing  in  the  matter  of  his  appeal  for 
tlie  election  of  a  Democratic  Congress  are  busying  themselves 
Mmin  with  adulatory  whisperings  in  his  Presidential  ear  as  to 
tmi  affair  of  greatly  larger  consequence.  We  hope  the  Presi- 
dent will  reject  their  injurious  advice. 

lu  the  central  part  of  the  country  no  newspaper  is  better  or 


more  favorably  known  than  the  Kansas  City  "  Star  "  (Rep).  Its 

keen  criticism  is  as  follows : 

The  President's  decision  to  attend  the  Conference  will  be 
received  with  mixed  feelings.  Undoubtedly  Uiere  will  be  wide- 
spread regret.  On  accxiunt  of  his  unique  position  he  will  go  as 
head  of  the  State  as  weU  as  Premier.  He  will  be  the  ranking 
figure  at  the  Conference,  and  so  America  will  necessarily  be  at 
the  head  of  the  table. . . .  The  impression  can  hardiv  be  avoided 
that  America  will  thus  be  seeking  an  importance  in  the  peace 
councils  beyond  that  to  which  sue  is  entitled  on  the  score  of 
performance.  What  effect  will  be  made  on  France  and  Enghuid, 
each  of  which  has  paid  for  the  war  with  more  thim  a  million 
dead  and  four  years  of  agony,  to  have  the  United  States  seem 
to  come  forward  as  arbiter  after  a  fighting  campaign  lasting 
virtually  four  months  ? 

The  Philadelphia  "North  American"  (Rep.),  the  weU- 
known  and  able  progressive  journal,  calls  attention  to  Mr. 
Wilson's  presumable  motives : 

President  Wilson  seems  to  have  three  purposes  in  mind — to 
discuss  with  the  Allied  statesmen  the  principles  of  the  peace 
settlement ;  to  deliver  a  kevnote  address  which  shall  give  his 
programme  a  oontrolling  efficacy,  and  to  supervise  the  deliberar 
tions  and  decisions  of  the  American  peace  delegates.  But  it  is 
obvious,  as  to  the  first  item,  that  these  discussions  would  not  keep 
him  in  France  "  indefinitely ;"  as  to  the  second,  that  from  no 
rostrum  could  he  speak  more  effectuallv  than  from  his  place  as 
Chief  Executive  of  the  great  Western  democracy  in  its  capital ; 
and  as  to  the  third,  if  cable  communication  permits  him  to  con- 
duct the  affairs  of  the  Nation  from  a  distance  of  three  thousand 
miles,  the  same  faciUties  would  enable  him  to  direct  the  actions 
of  half  a  docen  peace  delegates.  ... 

Two  impelling  motives  are  plain.  Mr.  Wilson  is  unable  to 
resist  the  nnpanuleled  "  opportunity  to  hear  the  plaudits  of  the 
world."  Ana  he  is  determined  to  reassert  the  peace  dictatorship 
which  he  was  compelled  to  abdicate  when  he  tamed  Germany's 
armistice  appeal  over  to  the  Allied  Supreme  War  Council. 

The  New  York  Citv  press  is  a  pnu^ical  unit  against  the  pro- 
posed plan.    Even  the  "  World  ^jljlf^^gj^a  supporter  o|^ie 


530 


THE   OUTLOOK 


4  DcttaW 


Administration,  whoee  editor  the  President  recently  sent 
abroad  on  a  mission,  will  not  hear  of  it,  and  puts  the  case 
succinctly  in  saying; : 

We  cannot  bat  feel  that  the  President  is  making  a  grave  mis- 
take from  any  point  of  view  in  deciding  finaOy  to  remove  him- 
self so  far  from  the  seat  of  government  he  is  charged  with' 
administering,  in  a  still  criticiu  time,  for  purposes  which  can 
better  be  served  where  he  is. 

The  New  York  "Tribime  "  (Rep.)  also  feels  that  the  Presi- 
dent  is  making  a  "  grave  mistake, '  and  because  of  thene  other 
reasons: 

President  Wilson's  visit  can  initiate  unwise  disputes  over 
phrases.  He  cannot  remain  long  enough  to  aid  in  the  actual 
settlement  of  specific  problems.  In  the  end  his  expedition  can- 
not fail  to  take  on  far  more  of  the  aspect  of  a  royal  progress 
than  of  a  democratic  conference.  His  welcome,  for  himself  and 
for  his  Nation,  is  undoubted.  The  personal  tribute  and  the  per- 
sonal pleasure  will  be  great.  Tlie  nsk  to  the  United  States  and 
the  confusion  to  Uie  AUies  may  not  be  less. 

The  New  York  "Times"  (Ind.  Dem.)  elaborates  this  as 
follows : 

This  Nation  does  not  know  what  Mr.  Wilson,  presenting  him- 
self as  its  representative  at  the  Ck>nf  erence,  is  gowg  to  say  or  do. 
Is  not  the  President  pnttinf  himself  in  a  position  of  some  peril  ? 
Quesdons  as  to  Uie  source  Seoui  which  he  derives  his  full  powers 
and  his  instructions,  should  a  del^;ate  of  any  other  Power  have 
the  temerity  to  a^  such  questions,  would  be  exceeduigly  awk- 
ward. Moreover,  guided  only  by  his  own  reasoning,  • .  *  conclu- 
sions reached  by  him  at  Paris  and  actually  embodied  m  the 
treaty  might  conceivably  be  rejected  by  the  senate  of  the  United 
States  in  obedience  to  public  opinion  formed  here  in  the  Presi- 
dent's absence.  That  would  be  deplorable. 

fmally,  tbe  Piovidenoe  "'  Joitmal "  thus  summariaes  the  views 
of  most  critics : 

It  is  unseemly  that  we  should  have  at  the  Conference  a  repre- 
sentative outranking  in  official  position  any  other  man  there 
present.  It  is  unseemly  that  we . . .  should  approach  that  solemn 
conclave  with  a  personally  conducted  excursion  of  friends,  rela- 
tives, publicity  agents,  raoving-prcture  experts,  and  politicians. 
One  ^rd  peace  ship  in  a  generation  ought  to  be  enough. 

FAVOBABLE  COMMENT 

That  always  well-informed,  independent  paper,  the  Spring- 
field (Massachusetts)  "  Repnblican  "  (Ind.),  states  plainly  the 
first  reason  why  Mr.  Wilson's  presence  at  the  Peace  Con- 
ference will  do  good — it  will  do  good  to  Europe : 

America  holds  a  position  of  peculiar  and  pre-eminent  detach- 
ment from  the  clashmg  interests  of  the  European  nations  and 
states.  We  are  looking  for  no  new  territory  and  we  ask  for  no 
indemnities.  American  influence,  consequently,  can  be  of  im- 
measurable service  at  the  Peace  Conference  under  the  Presi- 
dent's personal  direction. ... 

Mr.  Wilson's  influence  in  foreign  countries  is  undoubtedly 
much  greater  than  it  is  here  at  home.  It  is  particularly  ^reat  ui 
the  Bukan  States  and  the  new  states  to  be  create<l  out  of  Austria- 
Hungary.  If  the  representatives  of  all  the  countries  abroad  can 
go  back  to  their  homes  from  the  Peace  Conference  and  defend 


some  critieised  portion  of  the  settlement  by  saving,  "  Prendcst 
Wilson  was  there,  and  he  personaUy  agreed  to  tois  proviaion  ud 
he  believes  it  should  be  accepted  m  me  interest  of  the  world's 
future  peace,"  the  task  of  those  representatives  and  their  Got- 
emments  would  be  much  lightened. 

The  Denver  "  Rocky  Mountain  News  "  (RepO  atatei  tW 
seooud  reason  why  Mr.  Wilson's  presence  will  do  good— it 
will  do  good  to  America : 

This  Nation  has  put  aside  its  oU  aloofness.  It  no  longer  ahiei 
at  fore^  alliances — and  all  alliances  must  be  more  or  liBes  "en- 
tangling," in  that  they  require  reciprocity  from  the  nations  alliei 
It  Iws  tijcen  its  place  as  a  world  Power  navine  to  do  with  Emo- 
pean,  African,  and  Asiatic  affairs.  ...  It  wiU  be  impossible  far 
many  years,  if  ever,  for  the  United  States  to  "go  it  alone " 
a«tin.  ...  A  flare-up  in  the  former  cockpit  of  Europe  would 
affect  us  more  keenly  than  we  ever  thought  possible  a  few  yetn 
back,  if  it  came  now  or  later.  That  strict  neutrality  whidi  wr 
were  cautioned  to  observe  a  few  years  ago  can  no  longer  obtain. 
.  .  .  All  things  considered,  there  are  many  arguments  why  the 
National  Executive  should  "  sit  in,"  to  use  a  Western  phrase,  aul 
play  his  part  as  representative  of  the  Republic  in  worid  aSain. 
And  Mr.  Wilson  can  hold  his  own.  We  will  never  have  to  apolo- 
gize for  his  ability.  He  has  an  intellect  the  match  of  any  iu 
Europe. 

The  Louisville  "  Courier-Journal "  ^  (Dem.)  pats  a  thinl 
reason — it  will  do  Mr.  Wilson  good  and  give  him  penooiil 
satisfaction : 

What  more  natural  than  that  the  President  should  prefer  pe^ 
sonally  to  get  this  important  business  under  way  than  to  coDonct 
a  cable  correspondence  ?  When  tlie  regular  session  of  Congrat 
has  begun,  the  President,  like  the  heads  of  the  Allied  Goven- 
ments,  will  take  ship  to  Paris,  do  America's  business  there,  aoil 
come  home.  If  it  were  not  necessary  for  him  to  go,  the  coanti; 
may  be  sore  that  he  would  not. 

Mereover,add8  the  Cindnnati  "  Commercial  Tribune''  (Bcfk): 

As  the  author  of  the  cede  of  j>riaciples  upon  whioh  the  acw 
peace  is  to  be  based,  his  imaiediate  personal  leadership  ia  the 
formulation  is  most  desirable. 

As  to  precedent,  what  if  custom  has  restricted  our  Preaidcnte 
to  the  boundaries  of  America  during  their  incumbency  of  oAeei^ 
exclaims  the  Birmingham  (Alabama)  **  Ledger''  (Dem.):  **  Wbt 
has  custom  to  do  with  the  new  order  of  things?"  "Wlat 
indeed  ?"  echoes  a  Republican  paper,  the  Boston  "  Herald,"  uA 
adds: 

President  Wilson  has  never  regarded  precedent.  He  aboUahed 
the  inaugural  ball,  to  the  dismay  of  the  Washington  tradesmcB. 
He  even  considered  a  later  inang^iradon  day  in  place  of  the  con- 
ventional parades  of  March  4.  .  .  .  He  is  leaving  behind  him 
eiganlac  tasks  of  war-time  reconstruction,  but  he  (loubdess  feels 
tnat  he  is  doing  so  in  order  to  participate  in  even  larger  ones. 

The  President,  therefore, "  has  cast  the  die  and  will  cross  the 
big  pond  to  play  the  titie  role  iu  the  greatest  drama  on  tk 
biggest  stage  in  world  history  to  date, '  says  the  KnoxviBi: 
"  Sentuiel "  (Dem.).  "  Only  time  will  show  whether  or  not  k> 
has  acted  wisely,"  concludes  the  Baltimore  "  American  "  (Deiajk 
"  but  the  chances  are  that  it  will  vindicate  his  judgment." 


TEACHING  THE  SOLDIER 


NOT  the  least  tm)M>rtant  part  of  the  work  to  be  paid  for 
out  of  the  fimd  accumulated  by  the  United  War  Work 
Campaign  wiD  Ite  the  establishment  of  a  "  imiversity  in 
khaki." 

Any  one  can  see  that  the  age  of  most  of  our  men  in  France 
is  precisely  the  age  when  the  formation  of  mental  habits  and 
points  of  view  is  comparatively  easy  and  when  adjustments  can 
best  be  made  to  new  conditions. 

Last  winter,  at  General  Pershing's  request,  the  Ovei-seas 
Department  of  the  Young  Men's  Christian  Association,  in  con- 
nection with  the  American  University  Union  in  Europe,  took 
hold  of  the  problem  and  invited  Anson  Pheli)s  Stokes,  Set^e- 
tary  of  Yale  University,  to  prepare  surveys  of  the  edui«tional 
neecls  and  opportunities  for  oiir  men  during  the  war  and  sug- 
gestions for  work.  Dr.  Stokes  duly  made  his  reports.  They 
were   approved  by  military  and   Y.  M.  C.  A.  headquarters. 


Genei-al  Pershing  directed  that  proper  facilities  be  given  t» 
the  undertaking  throughout  his  command. 

Such  work  as  has  already  been  done  has  been  mainly  direrti'l 
towards  increasing  the  effectiveness  of  the  soldier  to  flghtaaai 
for  freedom  a^inst  autocracy.  Lectures  on  the  chan^ter  mi 
history  of  the  French  and  English  peoples  and  instruction  in 
the  <>auses  of  the  war,  and  especially  of  American  i)artiripatii<> 
thci-ein,  have  been  given.  Instruction  in  the  French  langoa^ 
has  also  been  afforded.  Nor  has  geography  been  neglectea. 

But  the  main  function  of  the  endeavor  will  now  at  oooive  b- 
during  the  demobilization  of  the  troops.  Deiuoliilisatioo  nnrt 
not  l)ecome  demoralization.  Owing  to  the  difficulties  of  tiaa- 
portation,  and  especially  owing  to  the  necessity  of  taking  »* 
chances  conoeraing  the  security  of  various  European  f^^^ 
demobilization  for  us  may  take  from  a  year  to  two  yeare.  «W- 
longer  the  time,  the  gi-eater  the  opportimity  for  education.  B*  *■ 

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THE   OUTLOOK 


531 


rhetber  long  or  ^hort,  the  comparatively  demoralizing  mouths 
if  picket  duty  and  waiting,  as  contracted  with  the  stimulus  of 
lauy  fighting,  emphasiise  the  importance  of  an  absorbing  educa- 
ional  endeavor. 

WHAT  TH£  BRITISH  HAVE  DONE 

The  work  in  this  direction  already  done  by  the  British 
f.  M.  C.  A.  in  the  British  army  in  France  shows  what  America 
!an  do.  The  lectures  two  or'  three  times  a  week  of  a  university 
'Xteusion  character  in  the  average  hut  have  been  attended  by 
Tom  one  hundred  to  Bve  himdred  men,  and,  as  they  are  often 
bllowe<l  by  discussions,  more  interest  has  been  created.  The 
ecturett  Imvt*  been  on  snch  a  wide  variety  of  topics  as  the 
bUowing : 

Great  Composers  and  Tlieii*  Work. 

Mazzini,  the  Italian  Teacher  and  Patriot. 

Britain  and  India. 

Burma. 

Shakespeare  Readiugo. 

The  Stories  and  Tales  of  Ancient  Cities. 

Great  Nations  of  To-Morrow. 

Great  Books :  Their  Makers  and  Messages. 

The  French  courses  have  always  continued  in  demand.  One  Y 
loman  worker  reported  an  average  attendance  of  180  different 
oldiers  a  week  at  her  classes,  most  of  the  classes  being  rela- 
ively  small.  In  connection  \iith  education  the  importance  of 
he  Ubrary  has  been  evident,  the  British  Y  aiming  to  have 
it  least  two  hundred  and  fifty  books  in  each  hut,  and  more  in 
he  lai^r  huts.  The  importance  of  music  and  also  of  hut  deoo- 
'atiou  and  entertainment  have  been  evident  too. 

But  we  are  going  a  great  step  fitrther.  We  propose  to  pro- 
-ide  not  only  entertainment  and  ordinary  instruction  through 
eetures  and  reading  and  teaching ;  we  propose  to  provide  defi- 
lite  instruction  as  elementary  as  readme  and  writing,  and  as 
irofessional  as  that  needed  by  the  student  ot  law  or  of  engineering 
«-bo  has  given  up  his  professional  studies  to  enter  the  Army. 

ELEMEKTART   EDUCATION 

There  is  need  for  elementary  education.  There  are  no  less 
han  121,000  illiterates  among  our  men  now  in  France.  There 
>re  at  least  150,000  foreigners  and  illiterate  white  and  colored 
roops  among  our  men  there  who  are  not  sufficiently  American- 
zed.  Post  schools  alr^dy  exbt  in  the  Army. 

Courses  are  now  being  given  in  the  barracks,  in  Y  huts,  or 
'Isewhere ;  courses  similar  to  those  in  the  English  and  German 
irison  camps,  where  former  school  and  college  teachers  in  the 
irmy  and  other  competent  men  carry  on  educational  classes. 
)ut  our  instruction  could  be  expanded  beyond  reading,  writing, 
pelling,  arithmetic,  and  American  historv  and  government  to 
Delude  such  subjects  as  modem  history,  English  and  American 
iteratare,  art,  civics,  bookkeeping,  stenography^  the  elements 
•f  hygiene  and  biology,  agrictdtural  science,  and  engineering. 

VOCATIONAL  TRAINING 

Then  there  are  vocational  training  courses  in  industrial  and 
ommercial  subjects,  and  instruction  in  such  subjects  as  clerical 
rork  for  military  clerks,  carpentry  and  wheelwright  work,  shoe 
nd  harness-making,  animal  husbandry  for  those  in  charge  of 
ones  and  mules,  auto  repair  for  motorized  units,  plumbing 
nd  electricity,  road-building  and  concrete  work.  In  discussions 
u  the  general  subject  of  the  ^  university  in  khaki,"  no  feature 
xeites  more  popular  interest  tlian  does  this  of  vocational  train- 
ag.  The  law  provides  for  soldiei-s : 

Educational  and  vocation  training  of  a  character  to  increase 
their  military  efficiency  and  to  enable  them  to  return  to  civil 
Ufe  better  equipped  for  industrial,  commercial,  and  general 
business  co-operation. 

The  local  machineiy  shops  and  scientific  equipment  of  an 
rmy  camp  supply  laboratoty  environment  for  such  work.  It 
rill  also  doubtless  be  possible  to  organize  special  camps  for 
itensire  training  in  a^^culture  and  industries.  This  would  Im 
oublv  advantageous  m  the  case  of  divisions  situated  in  the 
(lined  regions  of  France  or  Belgium  (as,  for  instance,  in  the 
>e|tartment  of  the  Aisne,  where  the  American  Committee  for 
Vvastated  France  is  doing  its  work).  Such  vocational  training 


and  reconstruction  work,  under  competent  direction,  would  be 
made  to  contain  practical  helpfulness  to  the  stricken  communi- 
ties and  peoples  in  the  neighborhood  as  well  as  educational  value 
to  our  men  of  a  kind  to  count  later  towards  their  industrial, 
business,  and  personal  advancement  at  home.  Indeed,  there  is  a 
particular  endeavor  to  "  link  up  "  the  men  there  with  presumable 
jobs  here,  so  that  in  starting  for  home  the  men  ma^  have  the 
pleasant  picture  before  them  of  certam  work  awaiting  them  ; 
thus  they  will  avoid  the  dreaded  "  sitting  aroimd." 

HIGHER  EDUCATION 

But  there  are  many  men  in  the  Army  who  are  already  fairly 
well  educated,  but  who  would  avail  themselves  of  the  opportunities 
in  France  to  advance  themselves  in  higher  scholastic  attainments. 
In  this  ambition  the  system  of  miiversity  extension  should  be 
immediately  developed  so  that  where  members  of  the  Army 
wish  to  pursue  advanced  studies,  and  yet  are  unable  to  attend 
the  universities,  the  privileges  of  those  institutions  will  be  theirs 
in  extension  courses.  In  other  words,  where  men  cannot  go  to  a 
university,  the  university  could  carry  its  privileges  to  them. 

The  collegiate  and  university  gratle  courses  would  naturally 
take  place  in  France  in  the  lyceea,  technical  schools,  or  universi- 
ties, and  would  carry  a  student  through  about  two  years  of 
the  American  college  course.  Our  successful  experience  in 
making  use  of  French  teachers  who  speak  English  at  our  vari- 
ous artillerv,  aviation,  and  other  special  miktary  instruction 
schools  in  France  indicates  that  there  are  larger  possibilities  in 
this  direction  than  might  at  first  be  realized. 

Our  Army  Education  Commission  will,  it  is  expected,  ^ve 
certificates  to  all  men  who  have  passed  the  necessary  examma- 
tion.  Such  certificates  will  be  of  great  service  to  the  men  on 
their  return  to  America  in  seeking  school,  commercial,  indus- 
trial, or  other  positions.  In  especial  they  would  aid  in  obtaining 
school  and  college  credits  towards  diplomas. 

THE  TEACHERS 

Of  coarse  there  must  be  as  teachers,  not  only  the  ordinary 
pupil  teacher,  but  experts  in  various  fields  of  industrial  and 
educational  training  of  the  professional  schools.  In  all  these  we 
are  counting  rightly  on  the  sympathetic  attitude  of  France. 
American  troops  are  quartered  in  some  of  the  recognized  edu- 
cational districts  of  that  country.  In  each  of  these  districts  the 
rector  of  the  local  university  is  the  head.  It  is  proposed  that 
in  each  the  Army  Educational  Commission  should  appoint 
a  French-speaking  educator  of  high  standing  as  a  lialaon 
educational  officer  to  represent  the  Commission  in  negotiations 
with  the  French  autiionties  toward  making  the  fetcilities  of  the 
universities,  li/cees,  technical  schools,  or  a(»demie8  available  for 
American  soldiers  situated  in  the  district,  and  to  deal  with  the 
American  Army  commanders  of  the  neighborhood  so  as  to  insure 
their  co-operation. 

As  to  the  more  important  provision  of  American  teachers. 
Professor  John  Erskine,  of  Columbia  University,  who  has  charge 
of  the  enterprise,  with  headquarters  in  Paris,  is  trying  to  secure 
for  supervisors  some  two  thousand  men  who  are  wimnff  to  co- 
operate, men  of  experience  and  ability,  especially  superintendcpts 
of  schools,  but  also  those  holding  positions  in  tmiversities, 
colleges,  and  technical  schools.  These  men  will  be  sent  to  the 
different  camps  and  cantonments  where  American  soldiers  are 
quartered.  Some  are  already  at  work  in  Y  huts.  Their  business 
will  be  to  select  teachers  from  the  enlistetl  men  now  in  the  ranks 
and  to  organize  and  supervise  their  work.  Some  idea  of  the 
dimensions  of  the  enterprise  may  be  gathered  when  it  is  known 
that  for  text-books  and  books  of  reference  some  eight  million 
debars  will  be  required.  Who  will  go  as  a  suwrvisor  ?  Inquiries 
shoidd  be  addressed  to  William  J.  Newlin,  Educational  Recruit- 
ingAgent,  347  Madison  Avenue,  New  York  City. 

The  feasibility  and  importance  of  developing  the  educational 
side  of  the  work  in  the  American  Army  is  apiiarent.  From  a 
l)^nuing  less  thaii  a  year  ago  we  have  now  advanced  to  a 
definite  plan  which  involves  thousands  of  teachers  and  millions 
of  money. 

Unless  we  are  much  mistaken,  the  American  people  as  a  whole 
will  stand  solidly  behind  this  undertaking.  It  should  give  to  our 
soldiers  in  France  opportunities  of  educational  and  vo<'ational 
training  which  will  better  fit  them  for  life  abroad  and  at  lioine. 

Digitized  by  Va\^»^V  IV^ 


THE  PEACE  CONFERENCE  AT  VERSAILLES 

A    GREAT    WORLD    CONGRESS' 
BY   ALBERT   BUSHNELL   HART 

PROFESSOR  OF  COTERNMENT  AT  HARVARD   UNIVERSITY 

This  article  will  b«  followed  bj  seversl  others  from  the  pen  of  Professor  Hart  on  ^rious  as]>ert8  and  problems  of  the  Peace  ConfereoM 
at  Verswlles.  They  will  iqtpear  m  consecutive  issues  of  The  Outlook. — The  Editors. 


A  FEW  weeks  henoe — how  many  we  know  not,  for  we  are 
on  the  knees  of  the  eods — a  group  of  diplomats  will  pass 
through  the  Hall  of  iVIirrors  m  the  onoe  royal  palace  of 
Versaillea  to  the  most  significant  conf  erenoe  that  luts  assembled 
since  the  separation  of  we  twelve  Apostles.  When  they  have 
finished  their  deliberations,  the  world  will  have  been  made  over. 
Empires  which  Jiave  lived  for  centuries  will  be  officially  declared 
defanct;  boundaries  in  the  three  great  continents  of  Europe, 
Asia,  and  Africa  will  be  laid  down  anew.  Communities  that 
have  never  heretofore  possessed  a  common  name  will  be  entered 
upon  the  golden  book  of  recognized  nations.  Artificial  canals 
will  have  become  arms  of  the  open  sea.  Probably  all  the  Powers, 
great  and  small,  which  go  into  the  Congress  as  independent 
countries  will  come  out  subject  to  some  degree  of  constitutional 
responsibility  to  an  organized  world  at  large. 

This  prodigious  piece  of  work  is  hardly  less  difficult  within 
its  field  than  the  land  and  sea  war  of  the  last  four  years  ;  yet 
the  world  is  not  making  the  necessary  preparations.  We  have 
not  recovered  ourselves  from  the  shock  of  peace.  It  is  hardly 
more  than  two  weeks  since  vast  armies  were  mauling  each  other 
on  the  western  front,  the  Allied  maul  giving  every  time  tiie 
heaviest  smashing  blow.  We  take  too  littie  account  of  the  dif- 
ference between  an  armistice  and  a  peace.  So  long  as  no  formal 
document  has  been  framed  and  signed,  by  whatever  at  that  time 
may  represent  former  German  and  Austrian  Empires,  we  shall 
remain  in  a  state  of  war.  All  the  non-naturalized  subjects  of 
those  two  has-been  empires  are  still  enemies  of  the  United 
States,  subject  to  internment  if  they  snarl  and  to  punishment  if 
they  plot  against  ns. 

We  may  provisionally  allow  trade  with  enemy  countries, 
supplies  of  provisions  and  aid  to  the  new  governments  to 
enable  them  to  maintain  themsfdves  till  the  floMS  have  time  to 
go  down  again  ;  but  let  us  remember  that  all  such  things  are 
acts  of  graoe  to  a  beaten  enemy  who  showed  littie  mercy  for 
hapless  prisoners  of  war  or  for  civilians,  who  were  most  unright- 
eously plimdered,  imprisoned,  enslaved,  or  shot.  As  yet  no  oer- 
t^nty  exists  that  Germany,  or  the  new  states  carved  out  of  the 
Austrian  Empire,  or  the  units  formed  out  of  western  Russia, 
can  hold  togetner  till  peace  can  be  negotiated,  without  the  stiff- 
ening influence  of  garrisons  of  Allied  troops. 

Within  the  United  States  something  has  been  done  by  an 
organization  of  historiidis  and  experts  in  international  law, 
under  the  guidance  of  our  American  Man  with  the  Iron  Mask, 
Colonel  House.  They  are  supposed  to  have  acquired  large  quan- 
tities of  information  upon  the  various  parts  of  the  earth  and  to 
have  arranged  their  fbids  for  the  use  of  our  future  representa- 
tives in  the  Congress.  That  material,  however,  is  still  heid 
incommunicado  till  the  great  Congress  may  have  the  oppor- 
tunity to  sample  it.  Pubhc  attention  is  far  more  aroused  upon 
the  minor  questions  of  representation  and  cessation  of  warfare 
than  in  the  tremendous  issues  that  will  come  before  the  Con- 
gress for  settieinent. 

World  con^^eeses  are  a  modem  idea.  Alexander  heid  his 
congress  with  Darius  and  outvoted  his  adversary  at  the  first 
session.  Louis  XIV  found  all  the  world's  congress  hall  that 
he  required  in  his  house  of  pleasure  at  Versailles.  The  first 
gathering  of  this  kind  was  the  Congress  of  Westphalia  in  1648, 
m  which  most  of  the  European  Powers  were  represented,  and 
from  it  came  a  general  peace  and  a  reoi^anization  of  Germany. 
In  1713  the  Congress  at  Utrecht  r^ligned  boundaries  in 
Europe,  Asia,  and  America,  and  put  upon  paper  the  great 
principle  of  balance  of  power  in  Europe.  It  proved,  what 
the  Kaiser  forgot,  that  no  one  Power  in  Europe  is  so  strong 
that  it  dai-es  to  make  itself  paramount.  A  combiiiation  of  the 
weaker  nations  arises  which  reminds  one  of  the  fabled  cocka- 

S32 


trice  with  the  evil  eye  against  which  it  was  supposed  notbiii{ 
could  stand.  "Yet,"  said  the  ancient  narrator  of  the  hiblf, 
"  is  he  overcome  of  weasels,  for  God  hat^  provided  a  remedj 
for  every  eviL" 

The  world  congress  which  most  resembles  that  which  we  ait 
about  to  experience  was  called  in  Vienna  in  1814,  under  condi- 
tions astonishingly  like  those  of  the  present.  A  great  Power 
had  been  smashed  to  pieces.  Napoleon,  Uie  ruling  spirit,  whose 
ambition  had  aroused  and  terrified  Europe,  was  a  captive  and 
absolutely  shut  out  from  any  part  in  the  new  adjustments.  Hii 
conquerors  disposed  of  his  conquests ;  his  Duchy  of  Wanav 
was  subdivided ;  his  protectorates  in  Italy  and  Germany  and 
Spain  broke  to  pieces.  A  preliminary  understanding  as  to  the 
maimed  states  and  fragments  of  states  was  reached  by  the  foar 
Great  Powers — Great  Britain,  Russia,  Prussia,  and  Austria— 
during  the  war  and  just  after  the  crudiing  of  Napoleon.  Tfaej 
then  let  in  France,  with  a  new  mouaron ;  then  admitted  the 
small  states  of  Europe.  Partly  by  following  on  their  originii 
resolutions  and  partiy  by  granting  conoessions  and  &vor8 1* 
the  weak  and  to  each  other,  they  recast  Europe  and  arranged  t 
government  for  Germany. 

In  the  hundred  years  since  that  time  the  principal  Powers  d 
Europe  have  been  brought  together  ten  times  to  discuss  sueb 
questions  as  Holland  and  Belgium,  the  Crimean  War,  Luxem- 
burg, Turkey,  the  Congo,  the  Balkans,  Morocco,  World  PesM^ 
and  the  law  of  the  sea  in  war.  The  Congress  of  Berlin,  in 
1878,  held  under  the  overpowering  influence  of  Bismarck,  and 
the  two  Hague  Conferences  are  tne  most  significant  In  the 
last  of  these,  held  in  1907,  practically  every  country  in  the  wotU 
possessiiig  a  civilizetl  government  was  represented. 

The  United  States  first  came  into  these  world  meetings  in  the 
Conference  on  the  Congo  in  1884.  Our  influence  was  strong  ii 
the  two  Hague  Conferences  of  1899  and  1907,  and  in  the  Londos 
Conference  of  1911  on  maritime  warfare.  In  the  Conferenc**  d 
Algeciras,  in  1906,  we  now  know  that  our  representative  prscti- 
caUy  cast  a  deciding  vote  for  tlie  settiement  that  was  made.  Tbc 
United  States  has  acquired  the  convention  habit,  and  wiU  be  ex- 
ceedingly powerful  in  the  coming  gathering  because  of  the  liigk 
reputation  of  this  country  as  immensely  powerful  in  sea  for<«, 
land  forces,  and  air  forces,  because  of  the  dramatic  entry  of  oar 
armies  and  navies  at  a  critical  moment  in  the  war,  and  beeaoat 
of  the  influence  of  President  Wilson  throne^  his  iiroposak  d 
peace.  Our  delegates  will  carry  a  great  weight.  They  will  iufin- 
ence  decisions  not  only  on  questions  that  especially  oonoem  tlit 
United  States,  but  in  the  world  settiement  and  world  organiia- 
tion  that  may  be  arranged. 

Tha  question  of  choosing  our  representatives  at  Vereaillrs. 
therefore,  is  very  important.  Through  modem  communicatiin 
by  tel^^ph,  most  envoys  find  themselves  at  the  end  of  a  viff 
leading  from  their  home  department  of  foreign  affairs.  Yk 
character,  power,  and  experience  count  heavily.  It  se«iis  to  \x 
arranged  that  the  President  of  the  United  States  is  to  bead  oar 
delegation,  thus  returning  to  the  example  of  the  C<Migre«  d 
Vienna,  where  Emperor  ^exander  of  Russia,  E<mperor  Ftancis 
of  Austria,  and  Frederick  III  of  Prussia  met  and  made  deds- 
ions  which  their  Ministers  afterwards  put  into  effect.  The  aat- 
bition  to  take  a  personal  part  in  such  a  world  e\eat  is  natwitl 
particularly  as  the  United  States  is  likely  to  exert  a  haimooi^ 
ine  influence  in  the  meeting. 

Where  the  head  of  the  state  acts  directiy  it  is  hard  for  otbK 
men  to  act  efficientiy.  It  is  highly  important  tiuit  every  enrajr 
should  be  a  man  of  natural  eminence.  There  is  no  example  ia 
our  history  of  a  Secretary  of  State  holding  a  diplomatic  appobt- 
ment  abr(»d.  Secretary  of  State  Day  resigned  his  office  m  Its'! 
when  appointed  to  head  the  commission  to  make  a  peace  niti 

Digitized  by  VJW^^V  IV^ 


THE  OUTLOOK 


533 


Spain,  and  then  engaged  in  a  lively  correspondence  of  "  Mr. 
Lhiy  to  Secretary  Hay "  and  "  Secretary  Hay  to  Mr.  Day." 
Three  of  the  five  commissioners  were  Senators  of  the  United 
States.  Frye  was  President  pro  tem.,  and  Davis  chairman  of 
the  Committee  on  Foreign  Kelations.  The  other  Senator  was 
George  Gray,  of  Delaware.  The  fifth  member,  Wbitelaw  Reid, 
was  a  journalist.  The  one  conspicuous  publicist  and  expert  was 
the  secretary  of  the  Commission,  John  Bassett  Moore,  then 
Assistant  Secretary  of  State. 

Neither  in  that  negotiation  nor  in  any  other  in  the  history 
of  the  United  States  has  there  been  a  private  individual,  not 
officially  appointed  by  the  President  nor  responsible  to  the  Gov- 
ernment of  the  United  States,  who  had  a  part  in  the  negotiation 
or  acted  as  an  ascertainer  of  forei^  opinion  as  the  private  and 
intimate  agent  of  the  President.  Such  things  have  been  known 
in  the  secret  and  tortuous  diplomacy  of  absolute  monarchs,  but 
are  quite  out  of  keeping  with  the  open  diplomacy  which  is  dear 
to  the  people  and  President  of  the  United  States.  It  must  be 
expected,  therefore,  that  Colonel  House  will  be  appointed  as  a 
r^iular  member  of  the  Commission  or  will  have  no  part.  There 
is  much  to  commend  in  the  suggestion  of  two  Senators,  one 
from  each  party,  who  can  make  clear  to  their  colleagues  any 
difficulties  m  the  future  treaty. 

Shall  these  appointments  be  confirmed  by  the  Senate  ?  Natu- 
rally, if  they  are  made  while  the  S^ii&te  is  in  session,  which  is 
almost  certain  to  be  the  case.  The  peace  commissioners  of  1898 
and  the  commissioners  to  the  two  Hague  Conferences  of  1899 
and  1907  were  all  appointed  and  despatched  without  confirmar 
tion.  In  two  of  those  cases,  however,  the  diplomatic  work  was 
completed  and  the  commission  dissolved  before  the  Senate  met ; 
and  in  1898  the  treaty  was  signed  four  or  five  days  after  Con- 
gress reassembled.  The  Constitution  of  the  United  States  and 
the  usual  practice  combine  to  urge  that  such  apiwintments  shall 
be  submitted  to  the  Senate,  if  made  while  the  Senate  is  in 
session.  This  is  a  distinct  and  Constitutional  right,  which  is  all 


the  stronger  because  a  world  peace  treaty  is  bound  to  come 
back  in  such  a  form  that  it  will  not  be  humanly  possible  for 
the  Senate  to  alter  or  repeal  it. 

For  the  procedure  of  the  Congress  the  action  of  Vienna  is 
likely  to  be  the  precedent  most  in  point.  It  seems  to  be  ex- 
pected that  the  four  Great  Powers  will  come  to  a  general  under- 
standing before  the  World  Congress  assembles ;  then  the 
smaller  European  Allies — Portugal,  Montenegro,  Rumania, 
Serbia,  and  Greece ;  Russia,  if  it  puUs  itself  together  sufficiently, 
and  the  various  fragments  of  Russia,  will  come  in  with  their 
special  rivalries,  pleas,  and  needs.  The  status  in  the  Congress 
of  the  Latin-American  Allies  and  of  the  three  eastern  Asiatic 
belligerents — Japan,  China,  and  Siam — has  not  yet  been 
settled.  If  great  world  questions  are  to  be  discussed,  the 
European  and  South  American  neutcals  must  be  admitted 
somewhei-e.  Nor  is  it  possible  for  a  World  Congress  to  seek 
world  peace  without  giving  an  opportunity  to  the  four  defeated 
Central  Powers  to  state  their  desires  and  set  forth  any  objec- 
tions before  final  action  has  been  taken. 

How  long  will  the  Congress  last  when  once  it  meets?  It 
will  not  be  like  the  Congress  of  Westphalia,  in  which  six  years 
were  spent  in  discussing  preliminaries  and  five  years  were 
passed  after  the  appearance  of  the  first  envoy.  It  will  not  be 
like  the  Congress  at  Utrecht,  where  fourteen  months  passed 
before  the  ten  treaties  were  all  signed.  The  Vienna  Congress 
was  in  session  between  ^ight  and  nine  months.  The  great  Ver- 
sailles Coujaress  cannot  hurry  through  its  work  of  world  recon- 
struction. The  lives  of  millions  of  men  were  freely  given  in  ortler 
to  make  such  a  Congress  possible.  It  must  sit  for  many  weeks 
and  go  through  many  wearisome  discussions  if  it  is  to  justify 
itself.  The  welfare  of  the  twentieth  century  depends  upon  the 
action  of  the  Congress  ;  the  world's  hope  of  prosperity,  happiness, 
and  peace  is  in  the  balance.  Its  work  is  a  work  for  mankind,  a 
work  for  the  century,  and  the  Congress  must  go  all  the  way 
through  that  work  before  full  peace  will  dawn  upon  the  world. 


THE  ROMANTIC  HISTORY  OF  VERSAILLES 


BY   ELBERT   F.   BALDWIN 


L 


ET  us  suppose  ourselves  tourists  in  Europe.    Let  us  fancy 
ourselves  m  Paris.    Most  visitors  there  want  to  see  Ver- 


I  saiUes  too.  So  do  we,  and  if  the  coming  Peace  Conference 
nieet»  there  we  shall  want  to  see  it  more  than  ever. 

We  may  go  thither  by  train,  tram,  or  motor.  Sometimes 
hardy  and  economical  people  walk  all  the  ten  miles  of  the  way. 

If  we  save  coin  by  w:ilking,  we  shall  have  an  immediate  chance 
to  spend  it.  We  arrive,  assuredly  hung^  enough,  at  our  desti- 
nation. We  see  before  us  either  the  attractive-looking  Trianon 
Palace  Hotel  or  the  Hotel  des  Reservoirs  (in  Madame  de  Pom- 
padour's old  house)  or  the  Hotel  Vatel,  with  their  seductive 
restaurants.  They  are  alarmingly  expensive.  But  we  say: 
"  Never  mind.  It's  worth  while."  And  it  is.  It  is  remarkable, 
is  it  not,  how  we  never  regret  any  money  spent  in  French 
restaurants  ? 

After  we  have  satisfied  our  digestive  demands  there  come 
the  mental  demands.  W^e  look  about  us.  We  see  a  well-laid-out 
town  of  some  sixty  thousand  inhabitants.    It  seems  a  spacious 

1)lace — too  si>acious,  indeed.  The  avenues  are  too  wide  and  too 
ong,  apparently,  and  the  squares  too  large,  as  we  soon  find  if 
it  hapi)ens  to  lie  a  windy  day.  Dust  and  dirt  get  into  our  eyes, 
for  Versailles  lies  on  a  sandy  plain. 

It  is  a  pity  to  approach  the  Palace  from  the  Paris  side  and 
from  the  city  of  Versailles.  Seen  from  that  side,  the  enormous 
building  looks  stiff  and  pompous.  It  has  no  proiwr  environ- 
ment. Far  better  it  is  for  us — if  we  have  aesthetic  instinct  and 
a  sense  of  perspective — to  take  the  train  out  to  Saint-Cyr  or 
Bailly  and  walk  back  through  the  silences  of  great  si)aces  an<l 
through  venerable  forests  which  transport  us  to  the  time  when 
Louis  XIII  (1610-43)  hunted  in  these  very  wootls.  They  form 
a  quiet,  serene  approach  to  the  Palace  as  it  comes  upon  us  in  its 
true  dignity  and  harmony  when  we  reach  the  edge  of  the  great 
gardens.  This  kind  of  approach  is  fitting.  It  seems  France.  In 
contrast,  the  other  approach  seems  Chicago. 


One  of  Louis  XIII's  characteristics  was  his  love  for  out«f-door 
pastimes.  As  has  been  hinted,  he  had  a  hunting  chateau  here.  One 
may  still  see  it,  a  square  stone-and-brick  structure  forming  part 
of  the  present  Palace. 

Le  Grand  Monarque,  Louis  XIV  (1643-1715),  used  it  also 
and  presided  over  festive  gatherings  there.  He  enlarged  it  for  more 
important  fetes,  at  which  Moliere  (perhaps  the  greatest  name  in 
the  Golden  Age  of  French  literature)  and  his  players  gave 
"  Tartufe  "  and  other  plays.  Moliere  had  been  the  Kine's  vulet 
de  chambre  and  actually  used  to  make  the  royal  bed.  He  was 
thus  brought  into  desirably  close  proximity  with  his  master, 
who  liked  to  pontificate  even  in  his  dressing-gown. 

Louis  developed  the  "  building  craze."  His  ambition  finally 
became  nothing  less  than  to  construct  a  palace  larger  than  any 
contemporary  building,  big  enough  indeed  to  be  both  a  resi- 
dence for  his  Court  and  a  seat  for  his  Government.  Thereupon 
he  erected  this  splendid  residence,  using  the  old  hunting  chsiteau 
as  a  central  point.  It  took  years  to  create  this  immense  palace. 
It  gave  work  to  some  thirty-six  thousand  men  and  six  thousand 
horses.  It  cost  over  a  hundred  million  dollars — what  a  contrast 
when  we  recall  the  poverty  of  the  so-called  "  common  people  " 
at  that  time ! 

Over  ten  thousand  persons  could  find  lod«;ment  here.  Louis 
thus  realized  his  aim,  which  was,  in  genenJ,  as  he  used  to  say, 
"  UiJtat,  c^eitt  nun  "  (I  am  the  State).  In  particular,  he  wanted 
to  visualize  his  absolutism  by  having  the  higher  nobility  reside 
as  pensioners  under  his  roof  and  ue  intimately  a  part  of  his 
retinue. 

They  came.  But  they  ultimately  ruined  the  monarchy.  For 
in  their  enforced  idleness  and  luxury  the  courtiers  were  less  and 
less  callable  of  furthering  the  nation's  welfare.  Meanwhile  the 
country  squires,  neglectetl,  became  jealous.  Yet  during  the 
twenty  years  that  Louis  lived  here  the  palace  was  indeed  the 
symbol  of  his  power.    William  II  of  Germany  might  have 

Digitized  by  VJ^^^^V  IV^ 


534 


THE   OUTLOOK 


envied  him.  For  William,  like  Louis,  seems  to  have  had  the 
mediaeval  conception  that  it  is  humiliating  for  God's  vicegerent 
to  accept  any  law  from  the  people.  Appropriately  enough,  Louis 
died  here. 

The  profligate  Louis  XV  (1716-74)  also  lived  here  and 
contracted  the  three  Treaties  of  Versailles  with  Austria. 
Louis  XV  also  died  here. 

That  weak  Kin^  intellectually  and  morally,  but  well-meaning 
and  with  honest  lUusions,  Louis  XVI  (1774-^93)  lived  here 
too,  and  so  did  his  wife,  Marie  Antoinette  of  Austria.  Here  it 
was  that  Lafayette,  despite  his  democratic  zeal,  protected  her, 
and  here  a  loyal  body-guard  defended  her  with  their  lives. 
Here,  too,  was  where  the  people  compelled  Louis  to  convene  the 
States-General,  a  Parliament  which  had  not  met  since  1614  in 
Louis  XIII's  time ;  add  here  its  outgrowth,  the  National  As. 
sembly,  convened  too,  whose  Deputies  took  an  oath  in  the  Jen 
de  Paume,  or  tennis  court,  never  to  dissolve  untQ  they  had 
given  France  a  Constitution. 

In  those  days  in  Paris  there  was  a  mysterious,  dark  prison- 
fortress  known  as  the  Bastille,  a  symbol  of  the  old  feudal  order 
of  things.  On  July  14, 1789,  the  people  captured  it,  and  that 
is  the  reason  why  France  keeps  July  14  as  a  nationij  holiday. 
Some  months  later  a  similar  mob  invaded  the  palace  here.  It 
compelled  the  King  and  his  family  to  return  to  Paris.  The 
heaOB  of  two  of  the  body-guard  who  had  defended  the  Queen 
were  carried  on  pikes  outside  the  royal  carriage.  "  L^Btat,,  c'est 
mot "  had  fallen ;  one  now  heard  ^^ Liberie,  tjgalite,  Fratemite." 

Years  passed,  and  with  them  the  French  Revolution.  The 
Emperor  Napoleon  I  (1804-15)  came  to  Versailles  only 
occasionallv.  Then,  under  guise  of  restoring  it.  King  Louis 
Philippe  (1880-48)  dbmantled  it  disgracefully.  But,  paradox- 
ically, ne  did  restore  it  in  p^eneral  to  somethmg  of  its  former 
splendor  by  wisely  convertmg  it  into  a  museum.  He  collected 
an  immense  number  of  paintings  and  sculptures,  which,  aside 
from  the  historical  portraits  in  the  Palace  and  certain  pieces 
of  sculpture  in  the  gardens,  have  no  great  artistic  merit. 

We,  American  tourists,  however,  think  less  of  French  history 
and  art  than  we  do  of  the  single  historical  event  which  con- 
nects this  place  with  the  story  of  our  own  Nation.  For  here  it 
was,  on  November  30,  1782,  that  Benjamin  Franklin  signed 
the  preliminary  articles  of  peace  between  Great  Britain  and 
the  United  States.  The  next  year,  on  September  3,  England, 
France,  and  Spain  signed  a  treaty  here  which  ended  their  war. 
On  the  same  day  England  recognized  our  independence  by  the 
Treaty  of  Paris,  Benjamin  Franklin  being  one  of  the  signers 
along  with  John  Adams  and  John  Jay. 

We  also  remember  other  striking  historical  incidents  coming 
nearly  a  himdred  years  later.  Here  it  was  that  during  five 
months  of  the  Franco-German  War  (1870-1)  William  I,  King 
of  Prussia,  at  the  head  of  the  German  forces,  had  his  head- 
quarters. Here  he  was  proclaimed  German  Emperor,  January 
18,  1871.  And  here,  on  February  26,  1871,  the  preliminaries 
of  peace  were  signed  between  France  and  Germany,  after  many 
poignant  interviews  between  Bismarck  and  Thiers.  A  little  later 
Marshal  Ma«Mahon  directed  from  here  the  "  Versailles  Army  " 
of  Government  troops,  which  suppressed  the  Commime  in  Paris. 
Until  1879  Versailles  was  the  seat  of  the  French  Government. 

Thus  we  get  back  to  contemporary  history,  and  we  behold  in 
the  Palace  ttie  seat  of  the  French  Parliament  whenever  a  Presi- 
dential election  is  held.  The  Chief  Executive  of  France  is  elected, 
not  by  popular  vote,  but  by  an  electoral  college  made  up  of 
the  two  houses  of  Parliament.   For  this  purpose  they  are  re- 

?uired  to  meet  at  Versailles  at  least  a  month  before  the  outgoing 
'resident's  term  expires.  In  case  the  President  dies  or  resigns 
they  are  required  to  meet  immediately.  A  majority  of  the  whole 
number  of  Senators  and  Deputies  is  necessary  to  elect. 

And  now  for  the  interior.  Unless  we  possibly  except  the 
Gallery  of  Battles,  of  all  the  apartments  in  the  palace  the 
Gralerie  des  Glaces  is  the  most  striking.  (Illustrations  of  both 
appear  on  following  pages.)  Certainly  it  is  the  most  historic. 
As  our  illustration  of  the  Galerie  des  Glaces  shows,  this  mag- 
nificent room  is  lighted  on  one  side  by  seventeen  great  win- 
dows in  white  marble  arcades.  On  the  other  side  seventeen 
corresponding  arcades  are  filled  with  over  three  hundred 
bevelwl  mirrors.  Strengthened  by  their  white  marble  envi- 
ronment, they  dazzlingly  reflect  the  light,  and  give  its  name 


to  the  hall.  Here  it  was  that  a  cynic  once  said  of  the  assem- 
blages which  used  to  gather  within  these  walls :  **  States- 
men who  sit  in  a  glass  house  should  not  be  surprised  if  nadcMis 
throw  stones."  The  great  room  is  further  decorated  by 
trophies  in  gilded  and  chased  copper,  and  on  the  ceiling 
are  paintings  tracing  Louis  XIV's  military  history,  pain^ 
ings  which  took  Le  Brun  four  years  to  execute.  In  the 
Grand  Monarque's  time  this  hall  must  have  been  speciallj 
worth  seeing,  for  all  the  furniture — the  tables  and  ehau«  and 
stools,  the  tubs  for  the  orange  trees  (which  were  his  delight), 
the  candelabra  and  chandeliers — were  of  solid  silver  and  enamel 

It  was  in  this  room  tliat  the  preliminary  agreement  of  1871 
was  signed,  and  here  it  was  that  William  of  Prussia  was  pro- 
claimed (rerman  Emperor.  Perhaps  in  this  very  place  a  new 
treaty  of  peace  will  be  signed  which,  while  bringing  law  and 
order  to  the  whole  world,  will  signalize  the  end  of  the  Germao 
Empire.  It  thus  will  have  found  its  oflicial  b^^inning  and 
official  end  in  this  place. 

We  are  led  to  many  other  splendid  apartments  in  the  Palace, 
but  we  are  glad  to  escape  as  soon  as  possible  to  the  gardau. 
Artificial  and  stiff  as  they  are,  even  cruelly  subjecting  natnie 
to  a  kind  of  outdoor  geometry  and  an  imitation  of  sculpture, 
they  yet  harmonize  to  a  great  extent  with  the  architecture  of 
the  Palfice. 

The  gardens  are  also  accentuated  by  the  wonderful  fountain 
displays  which  take  place  at  the  end  of  each  day,  some  of  the 
jets  being  seventy-five  feet  high. 

Nor  are  the  gardens  without  romance.  In  the  s(M»lled  Bos- 
quet de  la  Reine,  for  instance,  in  connecti<ni  with  the  famom 
story  of  the  diamond  necklace,  C^ardinal  de  Rohan  met  a  ladj 
who  assumed  to  be  Marie  Antoinette,  but  who  was  really  some 
one  else.  He  was  accused  of  having  used  the  Queen's  zdgnatme 
to  obtain  the  necklace,  but  he  bad  really  been  the  dnpe  of 
Madame  de  la  Motte,  who  used  him  as  her  too!  and  appropri- 
ated the  necklace  henelf . 

The  chief  interest  of  the  gardens  is  in  the  two  Trianona.  The 
Grand  Trianon  is  an  elegant  villa  one  story  high.  As  it  stands 
to-day  it  represents  Louis  XIV's  ^ift  to  Madame  de  Maintenon, 
his  morganatic  wife.  Its  interior  is  attractive.  When  Napoleoo 
came  to  Versailles,  he  preferred  to  lodge  here.  Here  it  was  that 
Marshal  Bazaine  was  tried  and  foimd  guilty  of  treason  (1873), 
and  here  it  is  that  the  sessions  of  the  Supreme  War  Councfl 
are  bemg  held. 

But  it  is  the  rustic  Petit  Trianon  which  is  truly  "  gnind  " 
in  interest  as  compared  with  its  larger  neighbor.  It  was  erected 
by  Louis  XV  for  Madame  du  Barry,  but  its  occupancy  by  a 
woman  who  was  her  moral  antithesis  has  made  it  the  gT«att«t 
object  of  romantic  interest  in  all  Versailles.  Here  Marie  An  toi- 
nette  found  refuge  from  court  restraints.  Some  may  take  inter- 
est in  the  room  where  Louis  XV  tised  to  give  his  petits  soujxr*, 
and  note  the  trap-doors  through  which  the  tables,  already  laid, 
appeared,  but  very  many  more  will  care  to  study  the  memorials 
of  Marie  Antoinette — the  pictures  showing  her  as  an  Austrian 
Archdiichess  dancing  at  her  country  home  near  Vienna,  the 
harpsichord  in  the  drawing-room  here,  just  as  she  left  it,  the 
bust  in  Sevres  china,  broken  at  the  Revolution  and  afterwards 
restored,  or  her  bedroom  with  its  delicate  decoration  and  its 
outlook  on  the  little  private  garden  which  she  had  arranged  in 
the  English  style,  allowing  nature  to  have  proper  sway,  a  rest- 
ful relief  from  the  squared  stiffness  of  the  greater  garden. 

And  then,  after  this  atmosphere  of  naturalness  loDowing  an 
atmosphere  of  artificiality,  we  come  back  to  the  great  Pakce. 
For  a  time  it,  and  not  Paris,  was  the  real  capitaJ  of  France. 
To.day,  for  the  nonce,  it  may  become  the  capital  of  the  wodd. 
Here  and  there  workmen  are  invading  apartments  which  hitherto 
have  seemed  to  be  inhabited  but  by  the  ghosts  of  kings.  PredoM 
tapestries  and  furniture,  removed  to  places  of  safety  during  the 
late  war,  are  now  being  put  back.  In  the  gardens,  the  canxm- 
flage  coverings  on  the  statues  are  being  removed  and  the  cniei- 
form  grand  canal,  three-quarters  of  a  mile  long  and  its  anns 
together  half  a  mile  long,  which  had  been  camouflaged  in  oider 
to  prevent  airplane  raids,  is  being  restored. 

All  this  work  of  carpenters  and  upholsterers  indicates  that 
something  is  going  to  happen.  It  is  indeed  smnething' — llw 
Peace  Conference.  Think  of  a  place  onoe  r^resenting  toe  tnp- 
notch  of  autocracy  marking  the  greatest  trihmi^  of  democncj ' 

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VERSAILLES  AND  THE   PEACE  CONFERENCE 


PAINTING  IN  THE  PALACE  AT  VERSAILLES,  WHERE  THE  FINAL  CEREMONIES  OF  THE  PEACE  CONFERENCE  MAY  BE  HELD 
The  Peace  Conference   will   be  beW  at  Versailles,  wbicb  is  chiefly  celebrated   for  its  splendid   Paliice,  now  a  national  iniMeiini.    The  vast 
Apartments  of  the  Palace  contain  a  wonderful  pictorial  rei^onl  of  Fn-n<'h  history.    Amoni;  the  most  notable  of  ibcae  pictures  are  those  in  the 
Gallery  of  Battles  showing  events  in  Nap<iIfon"s  career.    The  one  seen  in  the  alwve  reproilnction  of  an  old  Frt-nch  enjjmTinjf  shows  the  con<|neror 

on  the  6eld  of  Austerlitz,  perhaps  the  most  brillfiint  of  his  victories.   See  following  pages  and  the  accompanying  article  on  VafsaHles  f 

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Photograph  by  11.  II.  Moore,  of  the  (lutlook  Staff 

THE  PALACE  OF  VERSAILLEi>-A  VIEW  OF  THE  CENTRAL  FAQADE,  FRONTING  THE  PARTERRE  D'EAD 
The  [wrtioii  of  the  Palace  shown  above  contains  the  great  Galerie  des  Glaces,  a  picture  of  which  appears  on  the  opposite  page.     From  the  windows  of  tliii 
one  may  look  on  the  Parterre  d'Eau  with  its  bronze  statnes,  one  of  which  is  seen  in  this  picture  at  the  right.     More  distant  from  the  Palace  are  foonlaiin  ui  &> 

Grand  Canal,  with  beautiful  gardens  on  either  side 


4 


THE  GRAND    TUIANON  AT  VEI«ALLLEt>-TH£  CH.ATEAU  IN  WillCU   IIIK  .sl>s|<).\S  OK  I'lIE  PEACE  CONFERENCE  WILL  BE 
The  Grsmd  Trianon,  originally  built  for  Madame  de  Monteapan,  was  afterwards  radically  reconstructed.   It  is  described  by  Baedeker  as  a  "handsome  <■•** 
villa,"  and   by  a  famous  French  writer  as  "a  palace  of  marbles,  of  jasper,  of  porphyry,  with  delicious  gardens."  Tlie  Grand   Trianon  was  n«ed  M  »  p'** 
recreation  and  relaxation  for  the  King  and  Court ;  it  was  also  the  scene  of  splendid  fetes  in  its  early  days,  sometimes  rivaling  those  »^n  at  the  PaWce  of  Va** 

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n 


THE  FAMOUS  GALERIE  DES  GLACES  IN  THE  PALACE  OF  VERSAILLES 

|Thi»  Gallery  (thi-  Hull  (if  Mirnirs)  is  omm  nf  llii>  most  iii:i';iiiliii'iit  npartnieni-s  in  ilin  wurlil.  It  LiintaiiiM  ovir  llireu  )iiiii<liv<t  mirrors,  wIhwd  rcflei'tiouH  of  the 
I  and  colornd  niiirl>Ii!!i  of  llic  riKmi  kwi'  it  ii  <lii//.lins;  iippi'Mriiiw.  Tlie  fivwofd  ct'iliiiK  is  tlie  laiv«<t  paiiiled  Hilrf;iri!  pxisliiiK  in  Frinri-.  In  this  (fallcry, 
in  1871,  tin'  Cixmisn  Kiii|iire  wiis  i-oiiHliiiitiMl  with  (lip  pioclMiniini;  of  tin-  King  of  Piii««iii  in  Citiiiiiii  Knipi-nir.  The  h:iiiii>  OalltTy  will  pn>luil>ly  wittirM  ilie 
filial  act  in  the  ilininiiieanui™  of  tliiit  Kiiii>ii-<!  willi  tlw  »ij,'iiiiit;  of  tli«   IVa«e  Tn'al^r  of  I'.M'J,  nml   llm  foriiiiil  rantunition  lo  Fmnct 

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V*  will  prt»luil>ly  witneiM  tli« 
ici-of  .yiiin<i«^Hui(ULa>mfifr-v 

BdbyOOOVlC 


THE  EDUCATION   OF  HENRY  ADAMS' 


A  FASCINATING  biography— fascinating  in  its  style, 
which  scintillates  and  sparkles  on  every  page ;  fascinating 
in  its'  spirit,  though  its  good-humored  cynicism  grows 
monotonous ;  fascinating  in  its  substance  as  a  character  study. 
It  is  entitled  "  An  Autobiography."  It  is  so  in  fact,  but  not 
in  form.  The  author  never  uses  the  personal  pronoun  I.  He 
writes  of  himself  always  as  a  third  person.  And  this  is  no 
clumsy  device  to  escape  the  appearance  of  egotism.  He -habitu- 
ally thinks  of  himself  in  the  tibird  person.  He  site  in  the  audi- 
ence and  sees  himself  act.  What  intereste  him  is  his  own  part 
in  the  draiAa.  It  is  a  minor  part,  and  he  fidly  recognizes  that 
it  is  a  minor  part ;  but  that  makes  no  difference.  For  what 
intereste  him  is  not  his  effect  on  the  audience  or  on  the  other 
actors  in  the  drama,  but  the  effect  of  the  other  actors  in  the 
drama  and  of  the  audience  upon  him ;  not  what  part  his  con- 
temporaries have  had  nor  what  part  he  has  had  in  making 
history,  but  what  part  history  and  his  contemporaries  have  had 
in  making  him.  This  gives  significance  to  his  chosen  title, "  The 
Education  of  Henry  Adams.  His  general  conclusion  is  that 
their  effect  has  been — nothing. 

Henry  Adams  lived  in  stirring  times  and  among  men  of 
great  parte  and  great  powers.  His  grandfather  and  great- 
grandfather were  both  Presidente  of  tne  United  States.  His 
father  was  that  Charles  Francis  Adams  who  was  our  Ambassa- 
dor to  England  during  the  Civil  War,  whose  courage  and  tact 
probably  saved  us  from  a  diplomatic  break  with  Great  Britain, 
which  would  certainly  have  prolonged  the  war  and  perhaps  have 
brought  it  to  a  different  conclusion.  But  neither  Lord  Falmer- 
ston  nor  Earl  Russell  nor  Mr.  Gladstone,  nor  even  bis  own 
father,  arouses  his  admiration.  No  more  did  Seward  or  Sumner 
or  Chase  or  Stanton,  nor  even  Lincoln.  His  etching  of 
Lincoln  is  worth  repeating  if  it  were  only  to  indicate  what 
effect  this  foremost  statesman  of  his  age  had  at  first  sight  upon 
a  cultivated  Bostonian.  He  writes : 

Had  youn&[  Adams  been  told  that  his  life  was  to  ban?  on  the 
correctness  of  his  estimate  of  the  new  President  he  would  have 
lost.  He  saw  Mr.  Lincoln  but  once ;  at  the  melancholy  function 
called  an  Inaugural  Ball.  Of  course  he  looked  anxiously  for  a 
sien  of  character.  Hb'  saw  a  long,  awkward  figure ;  a  plain, 
pfowed  face ;  a  mind,  absent  in  part,  and  in  part  evidently  wor- 
ried  by  white  kid  gloves ;  features  that  expresse<l  neither  self- 
satisfaction  nor  any  other  familiar  Americanism,  but  rather  the 
same  painful  sense  of  becoming  educated  and  of  nee<ling  educa- 
tion that  tormented  a  private  secretary ;  above  all,  a  lack  of 
apparent  force.  Any  private  secretary  in  the  least  fit  for  his 
'  business  would  have  thought,  as  Adams  did,  that  no  man  living 
needed  so  much  education  as  the  new  President,  but  tliat  all  the 
education  he  could  get  would  not  be  enough. 

Mr.  Adams's  self-painted  portrait  shows  a  man  admirably 
adapted  to  play  the  part  of  "  melancholy  Jaques."  He  has  a 
genius  for  criticism  ;  he  has  little  capacity  for  admiration  ;  en- 
thusiasm must  have  been  his  bete  noire.  The  only  man  he  met 
in  his  career  to  whom  he  pays  the  tribute  of  an  unstinted  ad- 
miration was  Clarence  King.  Next  to  him,  perhaps  a  close  sec- 
ond, was  John  Hay.  But  then  it  must  lie  adde<l  that  he  has  no 
admiration  for  himself.  We  do  not  think  he  s})eaks  of  any  one 
quite  so  contemptuously  as  he  speaks  of  himself.  "  Before  Mr. 
Weed  went  away,"  he  writes,  "young  Adams  followed  him 
about,  not  only  obedientiy — for  obetlience  had  long  since  be- 
come a  blind  instinct — but  rather  with  sympathy  and  affection, 
much  like  a  little  dog."  Perhaps  Thurlow  Weed  should  be  cited 
as  an  exception  to  the  general  statement  that  Mr.  Adams 
lacked  capacity  for  enthusiasm,  for  of  Mr.  Weed  he  says :  "  He 
was  the  model  of  political  management  and  patient  address ; 
but  the  trait  that  excited  enthusiasm  in  a  private  secretary  was 
his  faculty  of  irresistibly  conquering  confidence."  And  this 
faculty  he  explained  by  the  sentence  :  "  The  trait  that  astounded 
and  confounded  cynicism  was  his  apparent  unselfishness  " — a 
trait  which,  we  add,  Mr.  Weed's  political  contemporaries  did 
not  generally  attribute  to  him. 

Good-humored  cynicism  pervades  Mr.  Adams's  Autobiog- 
raphy from  cover  to  cover,  but  it  is  always  good-humored,  and 

I  The  Edaoation  of  Henir  Adiims :  An  Autobiography.  Houghton  MiflUn 
Company,  Boston.    $S. 

S3S 


the  teader  is  often  perplexed  to  determine  how  seriooaly  it  is  to 
be  taken.  His  boyhood  education  seems  to  him  quite  rruitlea. 
Religion  disappeared  from  his  life,  although  "  this  disappear- 
ance of  religion  puzzled  him.  .  .  .  Neither  to  him  nor  to  liii' 
brothers  or  sisters  was  religion  real.  Even  the  mild  discipline 
of  the  Unitarian  Church  was  so  irksome  that  they  all  threw  it 
off  at  the  first  possible  moment,  and  never  afterwards  entertd 
a  church."  His  schooling  was  no  better.  ''  He  always  reckoned 
his  school  d^s,  from  ten  to  sixteen  years  old,  as  time  thrawn 
away.  .  .  .  Latin  and  Greek  he  could,  with  the  help  of  dw 
modem  languages,  learn  more  completely  by  the  inteUigect 
work  of  six  weeks  than  in  the  six  years  he  spent  on  them  at 
school."  He  spent  four  years  at  Harvard.  The  impression  d 
others  was  that  he  was  a  success  at  college,  for  he  was  elected 
class  orator,  which  was,  we  believe,  and  still  is,  the  higlie^ 
honor  his  class  could  bestow  upmn  him.  But  all  he  can  say  of 
it  is  that  class  day  afforded  him  and  the  class  poet  an  occasion 
for  "  reciting  such  platitudes  as  their  own  experience  and  their 
mild  censors  permitted  them  to  utter,"  and  that  one  of  his 
relations  remarked  of  it  that  "  as  the  work  of  so  yoonga  maL 
the  oration  was  sing^ilarly  wanting  in  enthosiasm."  The  net 
residt  of  the  four  years  he  characterizes  as  "  negative."  "  In  hix 
opinion,  the  education  was  not  serious,  but  in  truth  hardly  anr 
Boston  student  took  it  seriously,  and  none  of  them  seemed  wire 
that  President  Walker  himself,  or  President  Felton  after  him, 
took  it  more  seriously  than  the  studente." 

Two  years  abroad  followed  Harvard ;  the  first  year,  or  the 
first  half  of  it,  at  Berlin.  "  In  1858  Berlin  was  a  poor,  keen- 
witted, provincial  town,  simple,  dirty,  uncivilized,  and,  in  most 
respects,  disgusting. .  .  .  Apart  from  discipline  activity  scaicelj 
existed.  .  .  .The  arbitrary  training  given  to  the  memory  wi> 
stupefying ;  the  strain  that  the  memory  endured  was  a  form  of 
torture ;  and  the  feate  that  the  boys  performed,  without  oont- 
plaint,  were  pitiable.  No  other  faculty  than  the  memory  seemed 
to  be  recognized.  Least  of  all  was  any  use  made  of  reason, 
either  analytic,  synthetic,  or  dogmatic.  The  German  Govern- 
ment did  not  encour^e  reasoning."  When  at  last  April  came 
"  he  made  up  his  mind  that,  wherever  else  he  might,  in  the 
infinities  of  space  and  time,  seek  for  education,  it  should  not  be 
again  in  Berfin." 

He  returned  home  to  find  himself  in  the  midst  of  the  exciting 
Presidential  campaign  which  preceded  the  Civil  War,  and  th«i 
to  goiwith  his  father,  Charles  Francis  Adams,  first  to  Wash- 
ington, then  to  the  Court  of  St.  James's,  where  he  served  as  his 
father's  private  secretary.  His  portraite  of  the  English  states- 
men and  of  English  aristocratic  society  at  that  time  are  perhaps 
the  most  interesting  and  the  most  valuable  portion  of  his  narra- 
tive. But  they  illusti-ate  the  not  too  familiar  motto  that  we  are 
apt  to  see  what  we  look  for,  and  that  therefore  different  e;e 
see  different  pictures  on  the  same  stage  at  the  same  time. 
Lothrop  Motley  "  said  to  him  early  in  his  apprenticeship  that 
the  London  dinner  and  the  English  country  house  were  the 
perfection  of  human  society."  Not  so  does  Mr.  Adams  find  them. 
"  The  greatest  social  event  gave  not  half  the  pleasure  that  one 
could  buy  for  ten  shillings  at  the  opera ;"  "  there  was  not  then— 
outeide  of  a  few  bankers  or  foreigners — a  good  cook  or  a  gi»d 
table  in  London ;"  "  nothing  could  be  worse  than  the  toilettes, 
nothing  less  artistic  than  the  appearance  of  the  company ;"  and 
"  the  manners  of  English  society  were  notorious,  and  tie  taste 
was  worse." 

We  cannot  here  follow  Mr.  Adams  back  to  Washington, where 
he  lived  and  wrote  during  the  period  which  followed  the  Civfl 
War,  nor  to  Harvaitl  University,  where  tmder  President  EUiothe 
was  Assistant  Professor  of  History  for  seven  years.  From  neither 
phase  of  his  life  did  he  get  much  satisfaction.  His  work  at  Har- 
vard seems  to  us  of  the  best,  perhaps  in  ite  methods  as  nearlv 
ideal  as  is  possible  in  a  very  im-ideal  world,  and  it  seemed  both 
to  his  studente  and  to  his  superiors  admirable  in  its  results,  bat 
to  him  it  was  a  *'  failure."  Editing  pleased  him  no  better.  "  The 
press  was  an  inferior  pulpit ;  an  anonymous  schoolmaster :  * 
cheap  boarding-school."  And  the  life  of  an  editor  "■  was  a  dogs 
life  when  it  did  not  succeed,  and  littie  better  when  it  did." 

The  open-minded  reader  will  recognize  the  absolnte  candor 

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THE  OUTLOOK 


539 


with  which  Mr.  Adams  has  written  this  vidnme  of  self-revela- 
tion, and  will  rise  from  its  perusal  with  the  feeling  that  the 
writer,  in  spite  of  his  cynicism  and  his  sometimes  caustic  pen, 
is  a  lovable  man,  but  abo  with  the  conviction  that  his  achieve- 
ments were  not  eqnal  to  his  abilities.  Perhaps  the  reason  may 
be  found,  in  part  at  least,  in  two  significant  sentences  in  the 
Autobiography.  Mr.  Adams  was  wont  to  go  out  to  Rock  Creek 
Cemetery,  in  the  vimnity  of  Washington,  to  study  the  Adams 
monument  by  Saint-Gaudens,  *'  to  see  what  the  figure  had  to 


tell  him  that  was  new,"  and  also  to  listen  with  interest  to  what 
tourist  visitors  bad  to  say  of  it.  In  general  each  one  "  saw  only 
what  he  brought."  And  toward  the  close  of  his  volume  Mr. 
Adams  says,  summing  up  his  life,  *''  One  consciously  pursued 
nothing,  but  drifted  as  attraction  offered  itself."  It  is  possible 
that  Mr.  Adams  has  seen  in  life  only  what  he  brouzht,  and  that 
he  would  have  brought  something  different  if  henad  pursued 
with  singleness  of  purpose  some  object  less  self-centered  than 
bis  own  Mucation. 


PEACE 

BY   HAROLD   TROWBRIDGE   PULSIFER 


The  cannon's  voice  is  dumb. 
The  sword  is  sheathed  again. 
Homeward  our  legions  come, — 
Is  it  peace  for  the  sons  of  men  ? 

Peace  for  the  troubled  earth 
And  the  host  of  those  that  lie 
In  the  lands  that  gave  them  birth 
Or  beneath  a  stranger  shy? 

Shall  children  laugh  for  aye 
And  the  sound  of  weeping  cease 
At  the  call  of  those  who  cry 
Peace — when  there  is  no  peace  ? 


Peace  ?   WTiat  is  peace  but  a  name 
For  the  war  that  shall  not  end 
While  souls  are  wrought  in  flame 
High  heaven  to  defend —  ? 

Peace  is  a  living  sword 
Forged  for  the  band  of  man 
At  the  smithy  of  the  Lord 
In  the  halls  where  life  began. 

Peace  is  a  challenge  blown 
In  tlie  trumpet  of  the  wind. — 
Till  the  stars  are  overthrown 
Lift  up  your  eyes,  O  blind ! 


And  with  your  eyes  mark  well 
God's  banners  swinging  clear. 
\^1iat  do  those  banners  tell  ? 
To  arms !  For  peace  is  here  ! 


A  REPAIR  SHOP  FOR  MEN 

BY   FRANK   H.  POTTER 

This  article  was  written  last  summer  while  we  were  yet  at  war,  as  a  chapter  in  a  book  on  the  Naval  Reserve,  and  was  dedicated  to  the 
mothers  of  men  in  the  Naval  Reserve.  It  is  still  timely,  for  the  principles  which  Commander  Osborne  is  putting  into  effect  at  the  Naval 
Prison  at  Portsmouth  are  as  applicable  to  the  Navy  in  time  of  peace  as  they  are  in  time  of  war. — ^Thk  Editobs. 


IT  will  probably  strike  some  of  you  mothers  that  Portsmouth 
Prison  is  a  painful  thing  to  think  of  in  connection  with  the 
boys  whom  you  have  so  heroically  ^ven  to  the  service  of 
your  country,  and  who  have  so  patriotically  embraced  that 
service,  but  it  is  to  be  hoped  that  before  you  have  finished 
this  article  you  will  have  changed  yuur  minds. 

In  the  first  place,  it  must  be  remembered  that  military  law, 
by  which  the  Navy  is  governed,  is  extremely  severe  in  time  of 
war.  A  moment's  consideration  shows  that  this  must  be  so. 
Discipline  of  the  strictest  sort  must  be  observed  for  the  safety 
of  everybody  in  a  ship's  company ;  carelessness  or  slipshod 
methods  might  very  weU  cost  the  fives  of  everybody  on  board. 
Lack  of  punctuality  in  returning  from  leave  at  a  time  when 
shipe  are  liable  to  be  ortleretl  off  on  a  minute's  notice — as  they 
were,  for  instance,  on  the  occasion  of  the  submarine  raid  last 
June — might  cause  a  ship  to  go  to  sea  short-lianded.  The  habit 
of  instantaneous,  automatic  obedience  is  vital  for  fighting  the 
guns.  For  these  and  for  a  dozen  other  reasons,  as  well  as  for 
the  sake  of  the  discipline  of  the  individual  man,  and,  by  example, 
of  the  whole  ship's  company,  it  is  necessary  to  inflict  very  sharp 
punishment  for  what  are,  in  substance,  very  trivial  offenses,  not 
for  the  sake  of  punishment — for  what  is  important  is  not  the  past 
— but  to  impress  upon  the  transgressor  that,  being  in  the  wrong, 
he  must  not  offend  again.  This  is  for  his  own  sake  and  for  the 
sake  of  the  men  who  sail  with  him — in  other  words,  for  the 
future,  which  is  what  is  important. 

When  any  breach  of  the  regulations  occurs,  the  offense  may 
be  dealt  with  by  the  commandmg  officer  or,  if  it  seems  to  him 
mi£Bciently  important,  by  court  martial,  and  the  limitB  of  a  com- 
mandant's discretion  are  pretty  well  circumscribed.  Hence  it 


comes  that  offenses  which  In  peace  time  would  be  entirely  trivial 
become  in  war  time  objects  of  a  eeneral  court  martial,  and  if 
the  offender  is  convicted  he  is  subject  to  a  term  of  imprisonment 
in  the  Naval  Prison  at  the  Portsmouth  Navy  Yard.  Moreover, 
under  the  old  dispensation,  he  necessarily  received  a  dishonor- 
able discharge  from  the  service,  which  automatically  prevented 
him  from  ever  after  serving  the  United  States  in  any  capacity 
— for  it  carried  with  it  the  loss  of  citizenship — no  matter  how 
patriotic  he  might  be  or  how  valuable  his  services. 

Now  what  concerns  you  mothers  is  the  tact  that  your  boys 
might  quite  innocently  get  into  just  such  trouble  as  this.  If 
one  of  them  overslept,  or  missed  a  train,  or  if  bis  watch  stopped 
and  he  was  a  couple  of  hours  late  (these  are  extreme  cases,  but 
similar  ones  have  happened),  he  technically  became  a  deserter, 
or,  at  the  very  least,  was  guilty  of  overstaying  his  leave.  One 
day  a  very  green  boy  was  starting  off  on  leave,  and.  as  ho  left 
the  station  he  turned  to  one  of  his  companions  and  asked  him, 
"  When  is  our  leave  up  ?"  In  fact,  they  had  only  three  days, 
but  the  other  boy  replied,  "  A  month  from  to-morrow."  It  was 
meant  as  a  joke,  and  was  never  expected  to  be  taken  seriously, 
but  the  first  boy,  who  was  so  green  when  he  entered  the  service 
that  he  had  to  be  shown  how  to  use  a  telephone,  took  it  for 
earnest.  He  went  off  on  leave,  and  appeariBd  punctually  on 
time — a  month  later — was  court  martialed,  and  sentenced  to 
three  years'  imprisonment  for  desertion.  Of  course  he  was  to 
blame  for  not  himself  looking  into  the  length  of  his  leave,  but 
there  was  no  intent  to  desert,  and  in  civil  law  it  is  the  intent 
which  constitutes  the  essence  of  a  crime.  If  I  accidentally  kill 
my  friend  when  we  are  out  shooting,  I  am  not  convicted  of 
murder.   But  the  military  law  u  different,  and  there  was  notb- 

Digitlzed  by  VJWVJV  l*^ 


540 


THE   OUTLOOK 


ing  else  to  do  in  the  case.  That  is  one  of  the  sacrifices  which  a 
man  makes  when  he  goes  into  the  service  of  his  country,  and 
cannot  be  helped.  This  individual  boy  has  made  good  in  a 
remarkable  way  at  Portsmouth,  and  is  one  of  the  most  reliable 
of  Commander  Osborne's  men.  Unless  a  pardon  can  be  obtained 
for  him  from  the  President  he  will  be  dishonorably  discharged 
when  his  time  is  up,  and  it  is  no  small  testimony  to  his  charac- 
ter that  two  or  three  different  people  have  offered  to  take 
charge  of  his  education,  realizing  that  here  is  valuable  material 
which  is  going  to  be  thrown  on  the  scrap-heap  if  a  helping  hand 
is  not  extendi  to  him. 

There  is  another  case,  one  in  which  the  boy  shares  the  blame 
with  his  mother.  This  boy  went  on  leave,  and  when  it  expired 
his  mother  could  not  bear  to  g^ve  him  up,  and  kept  him  on  for 
a  few  days.  In  some  way  the  police  of  the  town  in  which  he 
lived  learned  of  this,  arrested  him,  and  kept  him  till  they  could 
get  the  reward  of  fifty  dollars  for  returning  him  as  a  deserter. 
It  was  an  unspeakably  dirty  thing  for  the  police  to  do,  of  course, 
but  they  were  within  the  law.  Last  year  the  newspapera  asserted 
that  trapping  men  and  holding  them  till  they  could  be  returned 
as  deserters  and  the  kidnappers  get  the  reward — for  they  were 
kidnappers  and  nothing  else — reached  such  proportions  in  New 
York  that  the  jjolice  had  to  look  into  it.  They  found  that  a 
gang  had  rooms  in  an  office  building  into  which  they  would 
inveigle  very  young  soldiers  and  sailors  who  could  be  persuaded 
to  overstay  leave,  keep  them  quiet  by  promising  to  see  that 
their  cases  of  overstaying  leave  were  taken  cai-e  of,  and  then, 
when  sufficient  time  had  elapsed,  send  them  back  to  camp  or 
navy  yard  as  deserters,  and  collect  fifty  dollars  a  head,  as  though 
returning  fugitive  slaves.  Happily  the  ingenious  individuals 
who  invented  this  scheme  are  now  "  doing  time  "  themselves, 
but  there  is  no  way  in  which  to  prevent  such  cases  as  that  g^ven 
above,  where  the  police  of  a  boy's  home  town  practice  such 
villainy.  Here  again  nothing  but  Mr.  Wilson's  pardon  can  save 
that  boy's  life  from  being  ruined. 

Sixty-five  p^r  cent  of  the  inmates  of  Portsmouth  Prison  are 
of  this  class ;  they  are  men  who  have  been  careless  or  stupid, 
perhaps,  as  green  boys  must  necessarily  be,  and  most  Naval 
Reserve  boys  are  green.  Mr.  Daniels,  the  Secretary  of  the 
Navy,  recognized  what  an  e<!onomic  waste  this  was,  and  called 
to  his  aid  Mr.  Thomas  Mott  Osborne,  to  whom  he  gave  a  com- 
mission in  the  Naval  Resei-ve  and  to  whom  he  intrusted  the 
care  of  Portsmouth  Prison.  He  knew  Mr.  Osborne's  career  at 
Auburn  and  Sing  Sing,  and  what  he  had  done  in  reclaiming 
human  derelicts,  and  that  it  was  perfectly  certain  that  he  would 
more  than  repeat  his  success  with  these  boys,  who  are  so  inno- 
cent of  evil  intent. 

So,  mothers,  please  understand  the  situation  when  Lieutenant- 
Commander  Osborne  came  to  Portsmouth.  There  were  several 
hundred  boys  there  who  ha<l  committetl  military  crimes  through 
ignorance  or  carelessness  or  inatlvertence,  and  who  yet  had,  by 
military  law,  to  be  sentenced  to  prison  as  though  they  had 
committed  their  offenses  intentionally. 

When  Mr.  Osborne  and  his  assistant.  Professor  MacCor- 
miok,  came,  they  had  their  beads  shaved,  put  on  prison  uni- 
form, and  servra  for  two  weeks  as  prisoners,  so  that  they  might 
find  out  what  was  the  general  feeling  of  the  men  and  how  they 
looked  at  their  situation.  There  is  something  curious  about 
wearing  the  prison  uniform  ;  so  long  as  Mr.  Osborne  and  Pro- 
fessor MacCoripick  wore  it  the  men  came  to  them  and  confided 
in  them  with  the  utmost  frankness ;  there  w:vs  nothing  that 
they  were  not  told.  But  when  they  returned  to  civilian  garb, 
there  was  at  once  a  gulf  fixed  between  them  and  the  men.  It 
became  "  Sir  "  again  instead  of  "  Tom,"  and  tliongh  the  men 
knew  that  there  was  just  as  much  interest  in  them  on  the  part 
of  Mr.  Osborne  as  on  that  of  "  Tom  Browne,"  the  name  which 
he  made  famous  at  Auburn  and  Sing  Sing,  it  was  not  quite  the 
same  thing. 

What  Mr.  Osborne  and  Mr.  MacCormick  found  was  a  ter- 
rible state  of  bitterness  against  the  Government  through  the 
whole  prison.  Here  were  hundreds  of  young  men  who  had  en- 
listed in  the  Navy  with  the  most,  patriotic  feelings,  and  here 
they  were,  condemned  to  prison  for  faults  which  they  only  half 
understood,  the  importance  of  which  they  did  not  at  all  realize, 
and,  worst  of  all,  when  their  terms  were  over  they  would  be 
forbidden  ever  to  serve  their  country  again.  It  was  a  sorry  out- 


come to  their  patriotic  self-sacrifice,  and  no  wonder  they  felt 
bitter  about  it. 

This  is  not  the  place  in  which  to  detail  at  length  the  means 
which  Lieutenant-Commander  Osborne  took  to  remedy  die 
situation ;  the  results  are  what  concern  us.  The  first  thing  he 
did  was  to  call  the  men  together  and  tell  them  what  he  wanted 
to  do.  He  put  it  epigrammatically  when  he  said  that  be  hoped 
to  turn  the  prison  "  from  a  scrap-heap  into  a  repair  shop." 
That  is  what  he  has  been  doing  ever  since — he  and  his  invm 
able  assistant — ^beg  pardon,  executive  officer — Lieutenant 
MacCormick.  On  his  arrival  there  were  literally  more  Marine 
guards  than  prisoners,  every  man's  head  was  shaved,  and  each 
prisoner's  number  was  sewed  conspicuously  on  every  article  of 
his  wearing  apparel,  front  and  back.  Practically  every  time  a 
prisoner  moved  he  was  accompanied  by  an  armed  Marine ;  even 
the  barber  shop  was  inside  a  steel  cage,  and  that  a^ain  was 
inside  the  prison  building,  with  all  sorts  of  locked  doors  between 
it  and  the  outside  air.  It  would  be  difficult  to  conceive  more 
humiliations  to  heap  on  young  men ;  and  over  sixty  per  cent  of 
these  had  gone  into  the  service  with  the  most  patriotic  motives 
and  had  committed  no  deliberate  crime.  Truly,  Mr.  Daniels  has 
done  few  wiser  or  more  humane  things  than  to  put  a  stop  to 
such  a  state  of  affairs. 

Mr.  Osborne  relaxed  the  severity  of  the  prison  disdpline, 
sent  away  most  of  the  Marines,  stopped  shaving  heads  and 
wearing  numbers,  and  substituted  the  honor  system  so  &r  as  it 
could  be  done,  helping  the  men  to  help  themselves.  He  preached 
the  doctrine  of  making  good,  and  in  order  to  enable  them  to 
make  gootl  got  an  order  from  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy  by 
which  ne  can  recommend  men  for  restoration  to  the  service 
after  a  certain  percentage  of  their  sentence  has  been  served, 
when  they  have  demonstrated  by  actual  achievement  their  fit- 
ness for  restoration — the  plan  being  somewhat,  in  effect,  like  an 
indeterminate  sentence. 

In  order  to  accomplish  this  the  men  are  trained  to  work  just 
as  they  would  be  trained  on  board  ship,  so  that  when  they  are 
restored  they  are  more  valuable  for  their  imprisonment  instead 
of  being  lost  to  the  service  altogether.  More  than  one  thousand 
of  them  have  been  so  returned,  and  their  number  increases  month 
by  month.  What  is  more,  the  character  of  these  men  is  so  high 
that  they  are  actually  in  demand.  One  commander  of  a  ship 
wante<l  some  men  and  applied  to  the  commander  of  the  receiv- 
ing ship  in  Boston  for  "  some  men  from  Portsmouth."  "  We 
haven't  any  just  now,"  replied  this  commander.  "  Then  I  will 
wait  till  you  have  some." 

The  wnole  tone  of  the  prison  has  changed.  A  year  ago  it  was 
one  of  sullen  resentment.  Last  June  two  thousand  men  assem- 
bled to  greet  the  "  graduating  class,"  cheered  every  refei^ice 
to  the  war  and  to  patriotism,  and  applauded  each  graduate  as 
he  came  up  to  say  good-by  to  Commander  Osborne. 

The  honor  system  seems  to  work  perfectly ;  at  any  rate, 
there  is  a  camp  in  which  there  are  eight  hundred  men,  and  for 
months  there  was  not  even  a  fence  about  it.  The  only  gnaid 
consisted  of  five  sentinels,  even  at  night,  yet  there  was  not  a  sm^ 
attempt  to  escape.  Why  should  there  be  ?  These  boyn  kne* 
that  they  were  paying  a  debt  to  Uncle  Sam  incurred  through 
tlieir  own  carelessness  or  stupidity — at  any  rate,  through  their 
own  fault— and  that  when  that  debt  was  paid  they  could  go 
back  to  the  service  with  a  clean  slate,  and  that  was  what  every 
one  of  them  wanted  to  do.  Moreover,  they  knew  that  they  were 
getting  a  special  individual  training  with  regard  to  their  per- 
sonal wealniesses.  One  such  man  wrote  b^k  to  Commander 
Osborne  that  he  had  not  only  recovered  his  own  rating  but  had 
been  promoted.  "  The  repairs  you  put  on  me,"  he  saul,  **  hare 
made  the  old  machine  better  than  it  ^^as  at  first."  And  that  hu 
already  been  done  to  more  men  than  would  be  needed  to  man 
a  superdreadnought. 

"  Their  mothers  are  crying  aloud  for  their  sons'  return  to  tie 
uniform,"  wrote  one  man  who  had  won  his  own  way  bacL 
Those  mothers  may  be  comforted  by  the  thought  that  if  the 
severity  of  martial  law  brings  their  boys  into  trouble  they  will 
have  kindly,  sympathetic  care,  will  be  studied  so  that  their 
special  weaknesses  may  be  remedied — and  who  of  us  has  not 
some  special  weakness  ? — and  will  be  returned  to  the  Navy  with 
the  opportunity  for  an  honorable  and  useful  career  before  tbeta. 
"  Not  a  scrap-heap,  but  a  repair  shop." 

Digitized  by  VJWVJV  IV^ 


THE  GOOD  SHIP    SAUSAGE 


BY   GREGORY   MASON 

STAFF   CORRESPONDENT  OF  THE  OUTLOOK 


W 


*ANT  to  go  up  in  the  Sausage,  do  you  ?"  asked  the 
officer  commanding  an  American  kite  balloon  station 
in  Ireland. 

"Yes."  ■    ' 

"  All  right ;  you  can  go  up  with  Grey  to-morrow,"  said  the 
C.  O.,  nodding  toward  a  young  fellow  with  a  tanned  round  face 
sitting  opposite  me  across  l^e  joint  mess  table  of  the  submarine 
and  kite  balloon  officers  aboard  the  mother  ship. 

"  Can  you  swim  ?"  asked  Grey. 

'•Yes." 

"  That's  fine.  Then  you  can  try  out  our  new  parachute,  eh  ?" 

Four  faces  browned  by  ballooning  and  a  score  with  the  pal- 
lor of  submarine  life  were  turned  towards  me  inquiringly. 

"  Uh— huh— er— ah— all  right." 

The  table  shook  with  laughter. 

"Nevermind,"  said  Grey  when  it  was  quieter.  "I  guess 
you'll  do.  And  maybe  we  won't  need  the  parachute.  Come 
aboard  the  Polar  Bear  [the  names  of  ships  and  people  in  this 
article  are  fictitious]  at  nine  to-morrow  morning." 

The  Polar  Bear  was  the  British  warship  which  was  to  tow 
the  balloon  around  the  bay  in  a  practice  hunt  for  American 
submarines.  Early  in  the  morning  I  saw  her,  moored  a  quarter 
of  a  mile  away,  with  the  big  gray  sausage  balloon  above  her, 
anchored  in  the  sky,  the  Stars  and  Stripes  snapping  in  the 
rising  over  the  basket. 

Xater,  when  I  stepped  aboard  the  Polar  Bear,  a  deck  engine 
was  hauling  down  the  balloon.  Grey  was  there,  a  sailor  assist- 
ing him  in  getting  into  an  elaborate  harness  of  straps  buckled 
aronnd  the  shoulders,  chest,  waist,  and  legs.  Another  balloon- 
ist, who  had  just  boarded  the  ship,  stepped  up  to  him  and 
whispered  in  his  ear.  Grey  at  once  bc^an  to  unbuckle  the 
harness. 

"  Here,  Mason,"  said  he,  "  put  on  this  parachute  harness." 

"What  about  you?" 

"  Oh,  the  other  parachute  is  out  of  order ;  but  I  don't  need 
any.  I  can  parachute  down  in  the  balloon." 

"  You  wear  that  harness,  Grey.  I'll  go  without  it  or  I  won't 
go  at  all." 

But  no  argument  would  move  Grey. to  take  the  harness. 
When  I  suggested  that  I  would  put  off  ib.e  balloon  trip  until 
another  time  when  there  were  two  parachutes,  he  woidd  not 
hear  of  it.  "  I  can  parachute  in  the  balloon  if  it  comes  to  that," 
he  said  repeatedly,  "  and  I  want  you  to  come  along  and  take 
some  pictures." 

By  the  time  I  got  into  the  harness  the  balloon  overshadowed 
the  deck,  a  great  gray  air  fish,  blunt  in  the  head  like  a  sculpin, 
thrashing  from  side  to  side  and  dragging  nearly  off  their  feet 
thirty  seamen  who  hauled  on  the  guy  rojies. 

A  dozen  hands  clutched  at  the  basket  when  it  came  low 
enough.  It  threw  them  back  and  forth  over  stanchions  and  rows 
of  b^rel  depth  bombs.  Other  hands  heaved  sand-bags  into  the 
basket,  and  it  finally  settled  on  the  deck,  still  writhing  under 
all  the  sand  and  the  men  who  held  it. 

Grey  and  I  leaped  at  the  little  wicker  cage,  balanced  over 
the  edge  on  our  stomachs,  and  somehow  got  in.  There  was  just 
room  for  two  men  to  stand  or  crouch.  We  threw  out  all  but 
four  of  the  sand-bags  and  ea(;h  of  us  held  one  of  these  on  the 
basket  rim,  ready  to  dump  them  also. 

"  All  ready,"  yelled  Grey ;  "  let  her  go." 

The  dozen  hands  released  us  and  we  rose  slowly,  swinging 
from  side  to  side  in  great  swoops  which  carried  us  now  twenty 
feet  to  starboard  of  the  ship,  now  twenty  feet  to  port.  Grey 
dumped  one  sand-bag,  then  another.    We  began  to  rise  more 


Tapidly, 

I  crouched  in  the  basket,  concentrating  all  my  attention  on  a 
white  wisp  of  cloud  in  the  zenith.  There  was  no  sense  of  upward 
motion  then,  only  a  sideways  swaying,  more  gentle  now. 
"  Ah-ahhh,"  breathed  Grey  a  minute  later,  "  that's  better." 
Cautiously  I  peeped  downward  over  the  basket  rim. 


Phew  I  In  a  few  seconds  we  had  risen  fifteen  hundred  feet. 
The  land  and  sea  looked  just  like  the  photographs  made  from 
airplanes.  A  cold  sweat  broke  out  on  me.  I  squatted  in  the 
bauiet  and  gazed  intently  at  my  shoes,  at  Grey's  shoes,  at  any- 
thing to  avoid  the  awful  panorama  over  that  thin  wicker  rim. 

Now  that  the  Polar  B^r  had  stopped  paying  out  cable  the 
heartless  wind  seized  us,  tore  at  us,  flung  us  this  way  and  that. 
"Kite  balloon,"  all  right.  The  very  bucks  and  plunges  of  a 
boy's  kite.  Grey  was  leaping  about  the  basket  in  utter  disrj^ard 
of  its  flimsy  structure.  If  he  did  not  capsize  it,  he  would  knock 
out  its  bottom — the  pitiful  wicker  shell  which  was  all  between 
us  and  fifteen  hundred  feet  of  emptiness.  I  looked  up.  Only 
six  pieces  of  miserable  clothes-line  were  holding  us  to  that — to 
what  ? — to  several  thousand  cubic  feet  of  vapor  within  that  thin, 
squashy  hide,  wriggling,  inflating,  and  subsiding  with  a  cloud's 
la!ck  of  solidity.  Two  pitiable  atoms  were  we,  8uspende<l  in  the 
air  from  a  cloud  of  hydrogen.  Oh  for  an  airplane  with  its 
enmne,  its  sense  of  control  I 

The  rigging  creaked,  whistled,  and  trembled  as  if  about  to 
break.  To  give  myself  something  to  do  I  tore  the  cover  off  a 
film  and  loaded  my  cantera. 

"  Thatta  boy !"  said  Grey ;  "  take  one  of  the  balloon  hangars 
and  one  of  the  ship." 

Still  half  crouching.  I  shoved  the  camera  over  the  basket's 
rim  and  pressed  the  bulb.  I  dared  not  lean  out  to  see  what  I 
was  taking.  ' 

"  Get  a  good  one?"  asked  Grey,  cheerfully. 

«  Yep." 

.  I  pushed  the  camera  out  the  other  side  and  pressed  the  bulb 
again. 

Suddenly  a  thin  metallic  buzz  rang  in  our  ears.  It  was  a 
telephone  hanging  inside  the  basket.  Grey  put  the  receiver  over 
his  head. 

"What's  the  matter?"  he  asked.  "Hey?  Too  heavy?"— a 
pause. 

"  I've  only  got  two  bags  left.  Better  save  them  for  landing. 
All  right,  we'll  see."    He  hung  up  the  receiver. 

"  They  say  we're  too  heavy  and  the  cable's  sagging  down  to 
the  water,"  he  explained  to  me.  "  But  I  think  it  will  be  all  right 
as  soon  as  we  start." 

"  Now  really,"  I  said,  earnestly,  "  you  better  have  them  haul 
down  and  put  me  out.  I  weigh  too  trnich."  • 

"  Oh,  no,"  said  Grey.  "  I  think  it  will  be  all  right  as  soon  as 
we  get  started." 

"Now  listen,  old  man,"  said  I,  with  wonderful  self-abnegation, 
"  you  mustn't  consider  me  at  all.  I  just  wanted  to  come  up  to 
get  the  sensation  here  and  to  take  a  few  pictures.  I've  got  my 
pictures  now  (sir), and  I  don't  care  anything  about  makmg  the 
trip.  Really  I  don't.  I  vonldnt  think  of  inconveniencing  you 
in  the  slightest.  Now  just  tell  them  to  haul  down  the  basket 
and  let  me  out" 

I  was  arguing  desperately,  a  dying  man  who  sees  a  chance  of 
life.  Grey  jpondered,  then  pushefl  the  telephone  button  to  call 
the  ship.  No  answer.  He  tried  again.  He  was  visibly  disturbed. 
Evidently  something  very  serious  was  wrong.  The  dying  man's 
momentary  hope  disappearetl.  Needing  to  do  something,  I  took 
up  the  telephcne  box  and  cradled  it  gmgerly,  as  if  that  would 
help  it.  I  said  to  myself : 

"  I  must  keep  my  nerve ;  he  may  nee<l  my  help."  Aloud  I 
asked, "  Can't  you  get  them  to  haul  down  ?"  and  I  was  ashamed 
of  the  eagerness  in  my  voice. 

"It's  quite  all  right,"  said  Grey,  confidently.  "There's  still 
two  bags  of  sand  ;  and  if  that  isn't  enough  we  can  throw  our 
clothes  overboard." 

Suddenly  there  was  a  change.  We  had  been  in  a  gale ;  now 
we  were  in  a  dead  calm. 

"  We're  off,"  said  Grey.  "  Take  a  look." 

Grasping  the  rigging  firmly,  I  peered  over  the  rim.  The  tops 
of  the  bare  brown  mountains  seemed  stationary.  I  )'"'-^^  '— "er. 

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The  beach  was  rushing  away  beneath  us.  I  had  a  glimpse  of 
tiny  destroyers  at  anchor,  then  we  swept  on. 

"Polar  Bear's  making  sixteen  knots  an  hour,"  Grey  remarked. 
"Isn't  this  nice?" 

"  It's — it's  better,"  I  answered,  drawing  my  first  full  breath. 

Grey  continued  to  call  on  the  telephone  at  short  intervals 
without  getting  an  answer. 

There  seemed  to  be  no  atmosphere  at  all.  We  were  borne 
along  on  a  sowidless  tide.  I  kept  my  eye  on  distant  clouds,  try- 
ing to  find  shapes  of  animals  and  men  in  them  to  forget  our 
horrible  predicament.  I  felt  it  was  ten  to  one  I  should  never 
get  down  alive,  and  I  dared  not  nourish  hope  on  that  slender 
chance.  Better  to  iaee  the  worst.  I  fixed  all  my  determination 
on  the  effort  to  meet  any  fate  coolly.  But  I  kept  wondering 
what  it  would  be  like  to  fall — fall — f^. 

Grey  reached  over  the  side,  brought  in  a  rope  end  with  a 
snaffle,  and  hooked  it  into  a  ring  beneath  my  chin  in  the  para- 
chute harness. 

"  The  parachute  is  in  that  case,  on  the  outside  of  the  basket," 
he  explained.  "If  anything  goes  wrong,  you  just  jump  and 
you'll  tear  the  parachute  out  of  the  case.  Don't  worry  if  it 
doesn't  open  for  the  first  three  or  four  hundred  feet.  You're 
pretty  heavy." 

A  cold  sweat  broke  out  6n  me  again.  "  Don't  worry !"  By  the 
time  I  had  dropped  three  or  four  hundred  feet  I  should  be 
beyond  all  worry !  Every  man  has  his  particular  fear.  Since 
the  days  when  the  rest  of  "  the  gang  "  in  Tucker's  bam  used  to 
"  stump  "  me  by  walking  across  a  narrow  beam  over  the  hay- 
mow my  particular  fear  has  been  height.  Still  I  managed  to 
think  about  Grey. 

"Butwhat'llyoudo?" 

"  Oh,  I'll  climb  up  in  the  rigging  and  use  the,  balloon  as  a 
parachute,"  he  lied,  cheerfully. 

"  But  tiiere  isn't  much  danger  of  fidling,  unless  we  get  on 
fire,"  continued  my  companion.  "  We're  much  more  likely  to 
break  away." 

"Break  away?" 

"  Yes,  snap  the  cable  or  tiie  rigging  connecting  wilih  h  and 
float  away  by  ourselves." 

"  How  high  would  she  go  ?" 

"  Oh,  only  ten  or  twelve  thousand  feet" 

Ye  gods  I  Only  ten  or  twelve  thousand  feet  I  Although  in 
that  moment  I  honestly  felt  my  chances  of  getting  down  from 
that  balloon  alive  were  negligible,  it  was  not  death  I  feared, 
for  all  fear  of  that  was  overshadowed  by  the  much  greater  fear 
oi  height.  I  longed  to  be  in  a  submarine.  Peering  over  quickly, 
I  saw  two  beneath  us,  shaped  like  toothpicks — the  sharp  end 
the  bow.  I  remembered  ailments  I  had  heard  at  the  mess 
table  between  submarine  men"  and  balloon  men.  The  latter  ex- 
pressed unbounded  admiration  for  chaps  who  constantiy  faced 
the  risk  of  drowning  in  a  box  under  water,  like  rats  drowned 
in  a  pond  by  the  stable  boy.  The  submarine  men  contended 
that  there  was  nothing  in  that  if  you  did  not  give  way  to 
your  imagination.  "But  to  be  up  there  in  the  clouds  abso- 
lutely at  flie  mercy  of  the  elements,  and  then  to  fall  1" 

I  shuddered ;  ah,  that  was  it.  In  a  sinking  submarine,  as  the 
water  rises  inside  the  steel  box  which  incloses  you,  you  need  not 
struggle  ;  when  the  water  reaches  your  chin,  you  can  just  close 
your  eyes,  put  your  head  under,  and  go  to  sleep.  But  here, 
before  you  could  die  you  must  fall — fall  1 

"  I  hope  we  break  away,"  said  Grey,  laughing.  "  The  wind 
would  carry  us  right  into  Ireland,  and  we  could  make  a  sensa- 
tional landing,  telegraph  for  men  to  come  for  the  balloon,  and 
have  a  week-end  in  Dublin." 

"Yes,  and  we  might  break  our  necks  landing.  I  roomed 
with  a  fellow  at  college  who  organized  an  Intercollegiate 
Balloon  Society,  and  he  was  always  being  bumped  against 
stone  walls  and  trees  when  he  landed." 

"  Oh,  that's  all  right.  I  don't  mind  being  bumped  against 
good  dry  land.  What  I'm  afraid  of  every  time  I  go  up  in  this 
sausage  is  that,  when  they  pidl  us  down  at  the  end  of  the  watch 
and  the  balloon  begins  to  dive,  we'll  be  slowly  dragged  into 
the  water." 

"I  hope  so." 

"What  you  say?" 

"  I  say  I  ask  for  nothing  better  than  the  assurance  that  I'll 


get  down  from  this  orasy  balloon  and  be  gentiy  dumped  bto 
tiie  water." 

"  Gee,  you're  a  nervy  cuss  I"  said  Grey. 

Every  man  has  his  particular  fear.  I  knew  Grey's  now,  and 
the  knowledge  made  me  almost  cheerfuL 

I  stood  up  and  imitated  Grey,  who  was  examining  ships  below 
us  with  his  glasses.  A  littie  passenger  steamer  passed  beneath, 
and  we  could  see  the  people  staring  at  us  with  idle  interest 
One  passenger  was  taking  our  picture.  How  heartieas  I  Didn't 
they  realize  our  plight?  But  I  remembered  how  I  looked  at  the 
Sausi^e  from  below  with  just  that  degpree  of  casual  interest 
From  the  ship's  deck  the  Imlloon's  height  seemed  nothing  re- 
markable. From  here  it  was  horrible.  The  next  time  I  looked 
at'a  balloon  or  airplane  from  the  ground  I  would  appreciate  thk 
heroism.  How  I  envied  the  people  on  that  ship,  and  the  crews 
of  the  submarines,  which  were  just  beginning  to  submerge  1 

We  had  passed  them  now ;  but  even  when  they  got  xmdtt 
water  they  were  conspicuous  enough  to  the  naked  eye.  Although 
the  projecting  periscope  of  each  was  a  mere  black  pin,  the  white 
ribbon  of  wa£e  behind  was  unmistakable — quite  different  from 
the  wakes  left  by  our  ship,  the  passenger  steamer,  and  the  three 
American  destroyers  which  haa  come  out  to  practice  with  thai 
hydrophones. 

If  those  submarines  had  been  Grermans  sneaking  np  to  attadt 
ships  with  us,  we  would  have  seen  them  long  betore  they  vete 
within  torpedo  range. 

"  On  a  clear  day  you  can  see  a  '  sub's '  wake  ten  miles  from 
one  of  these  balloons,"  said  Grey,  "  and  under  good  ccmditimu 
you  can  see  his  hull  thirty  or  forty  feet  under  water.  These 
'  K.  B.'s '  are  much  better  for  himting  subs  than  seaplanes  or 
flying-boats.  They're  cheaper,  to  begin  with,  and  they  can  go 
up  in  a  seventy-five-knot  gale.  Besides,  a  balloon  can  measure 
angles  and  ranges  accurately  when  a  flying-boat  is  only  esti- 
mating them.  Of  course  we  don't  carry  bombs,  as  the  planet) 
do,  but  then  we're  in  constant  telephonic  touch  with  the  de- 
stroyers, and  the  flying-boats  are  not.  And  when  it  comes  to 
bombing  Fritz,  you'd  better  pick  a  destroyer." 

This  was  the  enthusiast  arguing  for  his  own  pet.  The  flyine- 
boat  men  contend  just  as  vigoroudy  for  the  superiority  of  their 
own  •craft. 

Again  that  thin,  whiny  buzz  of  the  telephone  startled  me. 

"  Hello  1"  called  Grey.  "  What's  matter?  I  been  callin'  you 
for  ten  minutes.  Now  you  put  a  man  on  your  end  of  this  tde- 
phone  and  keep  him  there  / 

"  What?  Oh,  yes,  it's  all  right." 

He  turned  to  me..  "The  cable's  taut  now.  ThCT've  just 
hauled  us  down  three  hundred  feet ;  they  think  we'll  manage 
better  that  Way  in  this  wind." 

"  That's  better,"  I  replied.  "  I  don't  notice  any  difference 
between  fifteen  hundred  and  twelve  hundred  feet,  but  every 
little  bit  helps." 

Grey  laughed.  "  The  higher  you  are,  the  safer,  and  the  m<He 
sure  you  are  of  your  parachute  working." 

At  his  reference  to  the  cable  I  looked  at  it  for  the  first  time. 
A  thin  black  thread  falling  straight  toward  the  ship,  whoee 
bow  was  beneath  us.  How  frightfmly  thin  !  Two-thirds  of  the 
way  down  I  lost  it — where  it  began  to  bend  towards  the  stem 
of  the  Polar  Bear.  And  that  ship — just  a  boy's  toy  boatt  If  we 
fell,  she  would  be  crushed. 

The  other  ships  were  toys  too,  and  the  trees,  and  a  tiny  white 
lighthouse  was  a  boy's  sand  castie.  The  fields  were  little  patches 
of  green,  or  of  blue  where  cloud  shadows  fell,  or  of  golden 
brown  where  wheat  grew.  The  haycocks  were  gray  go5  tea. 
The  roads  were  strin^^  of  confetti  thrown  over  the  landscape 
by  aimless  children.  The  sea  was  a  blue  tablecloth  with  little 
dabs  of  spilled  salt  where  whitecaps  were  breaking.  The  largest 
waves  were  mere  pocks  on  the  surface,  and  the  whole  sea 
had  a  slightiy  corrugated  appearance.  The  funniest  things  were 
the  gulls  which  foUowed  our  ship  with  set  wings.  Though 
twenty  or  thirty  feet  above  water,  they  seemed  pUythings  of 
white  tin  pulled  over  the  surface  of  the  sea  by  inviable  threads 
from  the  ship. 

Grey  began  to  explain  things,  and  that  helped  a  little.  He 
showed  me  the  barometer,  and  three  valve  pulls  to  let  gas  oat 
of  the  balloon  in  case  we  broke  our  cable  and  bumped  tlie  sky. 

"  Grab  this  if  you  want  to  come  down,"  said  he,  indicating  t 

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cord,  "  and  haul  in  hand  over  hand  with  all  your  might.  It 
rips  a  patch  right  off  the  ba^  and  lets  the  gas  pour  out. ' 

For  only  a  moment  curiosity  held  off  fear,  then  I  squatted 
back  in  the  basket.  It  was  no  help  to  look  up  instead  of  down, 
for  up  there  was  that  crazy  gas-bag,  trembling,  surging^  adver- 
tising its  own  immateriality,  a  huge  distort^  thing  about  to 
burst  like  an  overpacked  puffbalL 

And  there  were  we  in  that  insanely  dancing  hamper,  held 
only  by  six  ^-inch  cords  to  an  absurd  feeble  skinful  of  fog.  I 
curaed  myself  for  coming ;  I  cursed  the  mad  creature  man  fcr 
experimenting  with  such  things  as  balloons  and  submarines, 
for  not  being  satisfied  with  the  solid  earth — oh,  the  earth,  the 
good  brown  earth !  Just  to  smell  it  again,  taste  it,  and  feel  it 
under  my  foot ! 

To  look  at  the  bottom  of  the  basket  only  reminded  you  of 
its  horrible  fragility.  There  was  only  one  sight  to  view  with 
any  oomfort — the  great  bare  coastal  mountains,  fixed  and  steady 
as  God. 

I  stared  at  them,  and  hope  began  to  return.  After  all,  the 
men  on.  the  ship  could  haul  us  down  in  a  minute  or  two.  Per- 
haps they  would  do  so  and  change  passengers  near  the  end  of 
the  bay  where  we  were  going  now  to  look  for  a  sunken  torpedo. 
Although  the  height  w^  still  ternfying,  the  calmness  was 
rather  pleasant.  The  basket  was  rocking  very  little  now  as 
we  ran  in  toward  land  and  had  the  wind  dead  aft.  If  only 
my  companion  would  stop  jumping  about  like  a  lunatic  in  a 
cage! 

Sounds  from  the  deck  reached  us,  and  a  rooster's  crow  from 
the  shore.  Clouds  obscured  the  sun  just  as  we  reached  the 
promontory  near  which  the  torpedo  had  been  lost.  The  water 
turned  from  blue  to  black.  Grey  had  said  that  a  submarine  hull 
was  visible  thirty  or  forty  feet  under  water  on  a  dear  day,  but 
we  could  see  nothing  in  that  murky  sea  as  we  searched  for  the 
torpedo  with  our  glasses.  Where  the  water  was  very  shallow 
bottom  was  indicated  by  patches  of  light  yellowish  green. 

Grey  telephoned  down  that  we  coidd  see  no  torpedo.  The 
ship  began  to  turn,  leaving  a  wide  circular  track  of  white  foam. 
As  the  clumsy  balloon  turned  also  we  went  out  of  the  calmness 
which  had  laved  us  into  an  atmospheric  maelstrom.  We  rose 
and  fell  in  the  breaking  surf  of  it,  fmiously  buffeted.  The  rows 
of  short  picket  lines  whipped  against  the  bulging  sides  of  tihe 
gas-bag  like  reef  points  whipping  on  a  sail,  and  the  thirty-foot 
gay  ropes  trailed  out  behind  like  snapping  kite  tails.  The  bal- 
loon's stabilizers  and  rudder  swelled  with  the  air  which  rushed 
in  through  vents  in  the  forward  ends  of  three  long  pouches 
sewed  on  to  the  rear  end  of  the  gas-bag.  These  three  pouches 
give  kite  balloons  the  peculiar  appearance  of  wearing  a  life-belt 
around  their  stems.  The  pouches  have  the  floating,  tremulous 
appearance  of  elephant  ears. 

Each  time  the  great  kite  plunged  downwards  and  sideways, 
as  it  would  if  a  boy  giant  were  jerking  the  cable,  the  six  ropes 
holding  the  basket  to  the  balloon  woidd  sag  limply,  as  if  sud- 
denly cut.  This  produced  a  sickening  feeling  in  us,  the  sensation 
of  suddenly  4ropping|in  an  elevator. 

We  were  now  behind  our  towing  ship  and  tugging  at  onr 
cable.  In  addition  to  its  other  motions  the  basket  rose  and  fell 
in  sharp  bounds  each  time  the  ship  below  rose  and  fell  on  the 
increasing  waves,  and  the  little  hamper  also  vibrated  violently 
from  the  trembling  caused  by  the  strain  on  the  steel  towing  line. 
The  wind  was  rising  rapidly,  the  sky  darkening,  and  the  bare 
mountains  were  growing  manes  of  fierce  cloud.  The  Polar  Bear 
was  still  making  sixteen  knots  and  the  wind  was  blowing  more 
than  forty  in  the  opposite  direcjtion,  so  that  we  were  struck  with 
the  total  force  of  a  sixty-knot  gale. 

Grey  let  down  two  little  hammock  seats  inside  the  pendulous 
oriole's  nest,  and  we  sat  facing  each  other.  I  had  to  shout  to 
make  him  hear  me,  and  I  shoutecl  often,  to  avoid  thinking. 

That  high,  faint  call  of  the  telephone  kept  ohiUing  me.  It 
always  suggested  bad  news — news  from  another  world.  Usu- 
ally, however,  it  ran^  to  let  one  of  the  officers  below  chaff  Grey 
about  the  wind  or  his  passenger. 

"  How's  your  passenger — seasick  yet,?"  asked  the  captain  of 
the  Polar  Bear. 

"  No ;  but  I  am,"  answered  the  young  balloonist,  truthfully. 

Seasickness  is  not  uncommon  even  m  old  hands  at  kite  bal- 
looning. Grey  had  been  at  it  only  a  few  weeks.    All  my  sick-        London,  September  is,  I9i8. 


ness  centered  in  my  head,  which  was  ready  to  split  with  aching. 
A  kite  balloon  combines  all  the  motions  of  a  ship  and  a  circus 
tumbler. 

It  was  now  evident  that  Grey  had  no  intention  of  changing 
passengers,  and  pessimism  returned.  As  we  began  to  pick  up 
familiar  landmarks  near  harbor  I  dared  not  hope ;  I  only  felt 
how  much  more  grim  would  be  our  death  now — with  home  in 
sight. 

The  submarines  came  to  the  surface  again — toothpicks  float- 
ing in  a  bathtub  of  disturbed  water.  The  destroyers  were  also 
bound  for  port.  Close  behind  each  vessel  its  wake  was  a  white 
ribbon,  farther  back  it  seemed  a  trail  of  gray  smoke  clinging  to 
the  water,  and  yet  farther  behind  the  wake  was  a  smooth, 
shining  path  through  the  dull  damascene  of  the  sea.  Those 
ships  which  were  going  against  the  wind  and  waves  threw  a 
deep  furrow  off  each  bow,  the  two  furrows  forming  a  V-sluH)ed 
ripple  like  the  trail  of  a  waterbug  across  a  placid  puddle.  This 
V-snaped  ripple  and  the  wake  were  much  more  conspicuous 
than  the  ship  to  us  and  could  be  seen  for  nules.  The  sides 
of  each  ship  were  frothing,  the  rocky  coasts  were  foaming, 
and  white  snakes  ran  in  and  out  of  the  long  crevices  in  the 
rocks. 

Ah,  there  beyond  the  tqy  lighthouse  was  our  harbor ;  behind 
it  a  thin  strip  of  land,  and  then  again  the  sea,  filled  with  steep 
islands  erupting  fog. 

We  passed  directly  over  an  anchored  sailing  ship,  its  spits 
of  masts  inviting  us  to  impale  ourselves.  The  Polar  Bear  de- 
creased speed  as  we  went  up  the  harbor.  How  slow  they  were 
below  about  getting  the  mooring  I  Those  sailors  did  not  seem 
to  realize  the  desperate  haste  of  getting  us  down.  Our  fate  was 
of  no  importance  to  them. 

I  looked  up  at  the  foolish  balloon  again  from  the  mad  basket. 
For  out  on  the  water  I  saw  the  shadow  of  the  sausage — hardly 
more  intangible  than  it — and  below  I  saw  the  shadow  of  the 
basket,  a  b&rely  perceptible  blotch  on  the  sea.  Man  is  just 
as  impermanent  as  that  shadow,  I  thought.  Our  emotions, 
agonizing  or  pleasant,  are  just  as  evanescent.  Our  fate  is  of  no 
importance. 

I  sat  down  to  put  the  camera  in  its  case. 

"  Well,  did  you  know  we  had  dropped  ?"  spoke  Grey  sud- 
denly. 

I  looked  overside.  We  were  barely  three  hundred  feet  above 
the  ship.  In  a  few  seomda  we  had  dropped  nine  himdred  feet, 
but  I  had  felt  no  motion.    I  stood  up  and  said  fervently : 

"  Thank  God !  That  old  salt  water  looks  good  to  me  I" 

"It  looks  like  hell  to  me,"  said  Grey,  just  as  feelingly. 
"  Now  is  the  time  to  worry.  If  anything  went  wrong  now,  the 
parachute  would  be  no  good.    You  couldn't  jump." 

"  Well,  who  wajits  to  jump  ?" 

I  stood  now  with  an  air  of  nonchalance  for  the  benefit  of  the 
bluejackets  gazing  at  us  with  curiosity  from  the  Polai'  Bear. 

Then,  as  the  deck  engine  hauled  on  our  cable  again,  there 
began  a  bucking  more  violent  than  any  of  the  previous  antics 
of  balloon  and  basket.  (For  a  week  afterwards  I  had  the  bruises 
of  a  football  game.) 

"  Hang  on,"  yelletl  Grey ;  "  this  part  is  always  the  worst." 
With  one  hand  he  gripped  the  rigging  and  with  the  other  he 
hdd  a  bag  of  sand,  ready  to  drop  it  overboard  if  the  Sausage 
should  dip  too  near  the  water. 

Strong  hands  seized  the  guy  ropes  and  pulled  us  down 
toward  uie  Polar  Bear's  deck.  The  basket  bumped  over  depth 
charges  holding  three  hundred  pounds  of  high  explosive,  and 
finally  came  to  rest.  After  sand  ballast  was  put  in  we  climbed 
out.  We  had  been  up  two  and  a  half  hours. 

Then  Grey  told  me  why  his  particular  fear  was  water.  He 
could  not  swim  a  stroke. 

On  his  next  trip,  a  few  days  later,  when  hunting  German 
submarines,  as  the  balloon  was  being  hauled  down  to  the  ship 
what  he  most  feared  happened;  he  was  thrown  out  of  the 
basket  and  drowned. 

Grey  was  not  his  real  name.  But  if  these  lines  should  be 
read  by  one  of  his  family  the  circumstances  would  be  recog- 
nized. He  was  a  fine,  brave  chap,  and  died  as  truly  for  his 
country  as  if  his  balloon  had  been  brought  down  by  a  German 
shell. 


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544 


THE   OUTLOOK 


4  December 


ABOUT  "BULL" 

BY  AN   AMERICAN  SOLDIER 

"Bull"  was  a  big,  hulking,  bragging 
personage  who  at  home  was  one  of  the 
small  links  in  the  chain  of  a  rather  notori- 
ous political  macliine.  He  counte<l  his  sub- 
jects by  tens,  just  as  his  superior  did  by 
thousands,  and  his  superior  by  tens  and 
hundreds  of  thousands ! 

When  Bull  arrived  "  overseas,"  he  was 
horribly  tliiraty.  He  had  found  the  ship, 
comparatively  speaking,  a  Sahara,  aggra- 
vated rather  than  relieved  by  the  few  pints 
he  had  managed — ^at  great  cost — to  abstract 
from  scantily  provided  stewai-ds  and  even 
coal-heavers. 

So  he  stepped  on  shore  with  a  great 
relief,  for  here,  from  all  accounts,  was  a 
land  flowing  with  many  varieties  of  liquid 
joys.  Maybe  it  was,  but  on  tlie  way  from 
the  ship  to  the  neighboring  camp  he  hiked 
with  the  rest,  perspiring  mightily,  and  with 
no  chance  at  all  of  slopping  at  the  singu- 
larly uninviting  but  potentially  satisfactoiy 
wine-shops — shops  tliat  lined  tlie  way  till 
the  town  was  left  beiiind  and  they  had 
got  well  into  the  country.  Never  mind. 
They  would  all  get  town  leave  before  long, 
and  then — well, lie  smacked  his  lips  at  the 
thought  and  swore  softly  to  himself. 

Sure  enough,  after  a  thirsty  week  or  two 
leaves  began  to  be  granted,  and  eventually 
one  came  to  Bull  as  well  as  to  his  crony 
Beds  McPhee.  True  it  is,  he  had  alremly 
managed  to  procure  some  of  the  inevitable 
red  and  white  wines  of  the  land,  but,  after 
sampling,  he  threw  them  away  with  great 
disgust  and  vowed  they  were  no  "  man's 
drink!"  Ugh! 

When  he  had  his  precious  slip  in  his 
pocket,  however,  refreshing  vistas  rose  be- 
fore his  mind's  eye,  and  off  he  went,  witJi 
mocking  advice  from  his  company  in  his 
ears,  predictions  as  to  the  abject  condition 
of  his  return,  if  he  managed  to  escape  the 
"M.  P.'s" — as  the  military  police  are 
called.  They  had  much  to  say  about  the 
singular  eiliciency  of  these  gentlemen  and 
their  strenuous  ways.  But  nevertheless  off 
went  Bull  and  Reds  to  town  in  a  conveni- 
ent truck,  which  landed  them  in  the  prin- 
cipal "square."  There  Bull  hopped  off, 
and  with  nis  crony  made  straiglit  lor  tiie 
ilrst  enticing  and  hopeful-looking  door. 
But  when  he  arrived  he  saw  standing 
nonchalantly  near  it  a  stalwart  M.  P., 
casually  looking  away  and  seemingly  much 
bored. 

Bull  and  Reds  passed  promptly  on,  just 
as  thougli  they  had  had  no  i<lea  of  passing 
those  forbidden  precincts.  In  fact,  they  were 
not  forbiddtn  at  all;  only  they  did  not 
know  tliis  fact.  They  went  oy  two  or  three 
unpromising  places  and  walked  straight 
again  for  the  next  large  and  well-patroni7.ed 
house.  But  just  as  they  were  arriving  who 
should  turn  the-  comer  and  come  towai-ds 
them  but  their  own  first  "  looey  " !  So  with 
stiff  salutes  tliey  marched  straight  on. 

And  just  as  they  approached  a  third 
place  they  almost  ran  into  their  major! 
More  salutes,  and  once  more  Bull's  vocabu- 
lary was  drawn  upon,  and  generously. 
"  W'at  kind  of  a  joint  is  this  ?"  he  moanetl ; 
"  lousy — lausi/  wit'  officers  an'  [unrepeat- 
able] M.  P.'s." 

Then  they  tried  another,  but  an  obnox- 
ious M.  P.  across  the  way  seemed  unduly 
intereste>l.  And  so  for  six  mortal  attempts 
Bull  found,  or  thought  he  found,  authority 
standing  in  the  way — or  looking  suspi- 
ciously at  it.  After  the  sixth  attempt,  and  a 
second  meeting  with  their  lieutenant.  Bull 
drew  forth  his  entire  vocabulary  in  all  its 


beauty,  and  then  went  over  it  again,  to  be 
sure  Uiat  nothing  was  neglected.  "  An'  his 
tongue,"  according  to  Reds,  who  told  the 
tale  afterwards,  "nis  tongue  was  a-hangin' 
out  like  a  dorg,  he  was  so  dry  wit'  cussin' 
an'  thoist !"  and  it  was  just  then  that  they 
almost  walked  into  a  sign  that  stoppe<l  them 
in  their  tracks.  Before  an  inconspicuous 
shop  they  beheld  a  placard  to  tliis  effect : 

AMEBICAK  ICE-CREAM  SODA. 

Ice-cream  soda  1  American !  The  two 
stared.  It  was  a  hot  day,  and  they  were 
very  dry.  Does  one  have  to  enlarge  upon 
tlie  subtle  attractions  of  our  ^lational 
drink — especially  when,  amid  such  circum- 
stances, it  was  advertised  in  a  far  and  for- 
eign land  ?  Bull  grabbed  Beds  by  the  arm 
and  hauled  him  right  in.  True,  there  was 
no  cool  white  fountain  with  attractive 
array  of  nickel-plated  fixtures,  nor  was 
tiiei-e  the  ravishing  sound  of  a  spray  of 
water  8|)lashing  against  the  inside  of  a 
decorative  glass  globe.  Nevertlieless  in 
high  hone  they  sat  themselves  at  a  dimin- 
utive table,  and  quoth  Bull  to  Beds  as  a 
petite  mademoiselle  approached : 

«  What  kind  d'yiih  want.  Reds?" 

"  Me  ?"  asked  Keds,  puzzled,  as  most  of 
us  are  when  we  have  to  make  tliis  impor- 
tant choice  even  though  we  know  well 
enough  we  are  going  to  take  our  favorite 
flavor  in  the  en«T.  "Me?  Giiume  ra-a-s- 
berry  wit'  choc'let." 

"  AH  riglit,"  agreed  Bull,  "  an'  git  me 
vanilla  cream  wit  choc'let  soda — that's  th' 
stuff !" 

"  Comment  f  asked  the  girl.  "  Je  ne 
parte  pas  anglaise." 

"Gosli !"  declared  Re<ls,  di8gu8te<Hy ; "  this 
here  Jane  can't  talk  English.  What  kind 
yuh  got,  Susie — what  kind  ?" 

Mademoiselle  shook  her  head  despair- 


^?/{v 


"Wliat  kind — whttt  hhidf"  demanded 
Bull,  trying  to  make  himself  better  uii<ler- 
stood  with  the  aid  of  iiiore  noise.  "  What 
kind  f  Peach  ?  Strawberry  ?  Vanilla? 
Choc'let—" 

"  Out/  ouif"  exclaimed  Susie,  enlight- 
ened ; "  ohocoUtt  /" 


"  Well,  gosh-a-mighty  !"  exclaimed  Bull, 
relieved  ;  "  bring  us  chocolate — two !"  and 
he  held  up  two  fingers. 

"  Oui,  messieurs — tou^  suite  /"  replied 
she,  and  trotted  off  at  once. 

«  'foot  sweet?"  said  Reds.  "  Wliafs  that 
talk  ?  Sweet  ?  Hope  it  is — good  an'  sweet !" 

"  Sure,"  granted  Bull,  hcking  his  Ups  in 
anticipation. 

In  came  Susie,  beaming.  Before  each 
one  she  placed  a  small  goblet,  in  the  bot- 
tom of  which  was  a  portion  not  as  large 
as  lialf  an  egg  of  what  appeare<l  to  be— 
and  was — chocolate  water-ice.  Then  «he 
produced  a  soda  siphon.  "  VoWi !"  And 
It  was  accomplished. 

Bull  and  Reds  looked  at  each  other  and 
then  at  their  sodas.  There  are  some 
climaxes  in  human  experience  before  which 
volubility  stands  mute.  They  looked  at 
mademoiselle,  standing  there  expectantly. 

"  It  was  all  right,"  Reds  said  afterwards ; 
"  it  wasn't  ice-cream,  for  there  wasn't  no 
cream,  an'  it  wasn't  American.  Otherwise 
it's  name  was  all  right!" 

Bull  twiddled  tlie  siphon  and  fooled  a 
little  with  his  goblet,  and  finally  he  filled 
his  glass  with  the  warm  soda,  in  which  the 
button  of  chocolate  promptly  melted.  Reds, 
who  liad  watched  Bull's  performance  with 
a  kind  of  "gone"  feeling,  honibly  dis- 
couraged, hel]>ed  himself  also  to  the  sotla. 
Then  the  two— the  girl  still  watching  with 
evident  exjiectaiion  —slowly  drank  their 
portions  and  set  the  goblets  down  before 
them.  In  Bull's  mind  was  the  awful  contrast 
of  what  he  had  expected  and  whathea<*tua.lly 
got.  For  a  minute  Bull  and  Reds  looked  at 
each  other  with  dull  eyes.  And  tlien  sud- 
denly the  whole  picture  appeared  to  Bull 
in  its  grotesque  reality.  He  put  back  bis 
head  and  gave  a  roar  of  laughter,  which 
scared  the  mademoiselle  half  to  death. 
Lou<ler  and  louder  he  roared,  Reds  finally 
joining  in  the  chorus. 

Then  Bull,  with  a  still  louder  roar, 
banged  the  table  with  his  fist. 

"Come   on  !"   shouteil  he.   "  Come  on  I 
Let's  be  real  devils — and  have  anotlterl" 
Charles  K.  Taylok, 
A.  E.  F.,  France. 


WAR   RELIEF   WORK  IN  JAPAN 


This  photograph  of  a  group  of  Japanese  ladies,  members  of  the  Buddhist  Ladies'  Kelief  AnodatioB, 
engag:ed  in  making  comfort  kits  for  Japanese  soldiers  in  Siberia  and  Japanese  sailors  in  the  Mediter- 
ranean, has  been  sent  to  as  by  a  former  member  of  the  staff  of  The  Outlook  who  has  recently  gone  to 
Japan  to  engage  in  newspaper  work  there.  It  is  an  interesting  indication  of  the  world-wide  suppoit 
which  the  women  of  every  nation  have  given  to  their  flghting  men  in  the  war 

Digitized  by  y^jyJKJ\LV\^ 


1918 

THE  CHILD  AND 
THE  WAR 

THE    AFTERMATH 

IN  the  recent  Lib^rtv  Loan  drive, 
among  the  distinguished  works  of 
art  that  made  the  windows  of  Fifth 
Avenue   a  picture  gallery  a  mile 
and    a   half   long,  was   tlie    symbolic 
group  pictured  herewith,  entitled 

THE  SHRINE  OF  HUMAN  BIGHTS 

Perhaps  it  was  too  subtle  for  the  man 
in  the  street  whose  imagination  was 
more  vividly  appealed  to  by  George 
Bellows'  "KtUtur,"  but  it  held  a 
striking  message  for  the  thoughtful 
man  and  woman  who  paused  to  admire 
its  beauty  and  symmetry  of  line. 

If  it  were  merely  for  our  own  life- 
time and  generation,  it  is  doubtful  if 
the  Great  War  would  ever  have  been 
fought.  But  it  is  for  the  child  at  the 
altar  of  Liberty  that  we  have  given 
our  manhood  and  poured  out  our  treas- 
ure, to  make  a  decent  world  for  him  and 
his  children's  children  to  grow  up  in. 

With  all  this  nobility  of  pur]>ose  in 
mind,  it  is  for  us  to  see  that  the  by- 
products of  the  struggle  do  not  bring 
lasting  bitterness  and  a  defonripd  vision 
to  this  young  life.    What  wreck  and 
ruin  has  been  brought  to  the  childhood 
of  Europe  is  vividly  shown  in  a  war 
syllabus  now  in  use  in  the  New  York 
City  public  schools.  The  children  in 
invaded  countries  have  been  maimed,      ( 
wounded,  killed.   They  have  suffered 
loss  of  home  and  parents.   They  have  en- 
dured shell  shock,  gas  attack,  bombardment, 
and  starvation,  with  interruption  or  entire 
lack  of  schooling  during  these  awful  years. 

Even  in  England,  besides  the  great  num- 
ber who  have  lost  parents  and  relatives, 
they  have  suffered  air  raids  and  bombard- 
ments, privation  and  terror,  interrupted 
schooling  and  non-observance  of  cliild 
labor  laws. 

Because,  by  a  mere  geographic  chance, 
our  own  babies  are  spared  such  physical 
horrors,  we  must  not  think  they  nave  es- 
caped tlie  bligliting  effect  of  War's  liery 
breath.  You  and  I  have  memories  of  a 
normal,  peace-blessed  world.  The  past  four 
years  of  horror  and  disillusionment  seem 
to  ns  an  ugly  dream. 

Have  you  ever  considered  that,  to 

the  child  of  seven  and  eight  years,  this 

battle-racked  world  is  the  mily  one  he 

has  ever  consciously  known  ? 

In  Rheims  and  Arras  children  have  gone 
to  school  with  gas  masks  on.  Our  children 
have  had  no  gas  masks  to  protect  them 
from  Uie  bitter  knowledge  of  facts  we  our- 
selves would  not  have  believe<l  possible  five 
years  ago.  An  anxious  American  mother 
writes  to  John  Martin : 

"  During  these  terrible  years  it  has  l>een 
a  heavy  thought  to  me  that  our  children 
are  growing  up  in  a  world  where  hideous 
things  have  been  madej'itmilitir.  To  think 
that  thev  are  not  going  to  reineniber  the 
time  before  the  war — the  time  when  no 
nation  had  become  the  symbol  of  faithless- 
ness and  cruelty,  no  nation  the  svnibol  of 
martyred  innocence  and  agony !  That  they 
must  accept  the  fact  as  commonplace  of 
their  fathers  and  brothers  beinjr  trained  to 
kill — that  whole  nations  are  given  over  to 
famine  and  destruction !" 

From  a  tlioughtful  American  father 
comes  this   message :  "  I  am  looking  to 


THE   OUTLOOK 


545 

JOHN   MARTIN'S 

BOOK 

AN  IDEAL  CHRISTMAS 

GIFT 

WHICH   LASTS  A   YEAR 
AND  LIVES  A  LIFETIME 


THE  SHRINE  OF  HUMAN  RIGHTS 

Sketched  from  a  sijmhidir  group  by 

ULIilCH    H.    FXLERHUSEN 


:i 


John  Martin's  Book  to  keep  unembittered 
the  springs  of  life  in  those  who  will  be  the 
citizens  of  to-morrow." 

The  purpose  of  John  Martin's  Book  in 
normal  times  is  to  provide  for  the  child  a 
merry,  character-forming  companion  that 
will  be  a  living  force  for  good  in  the  young 
man  and  womanhood  so  soon  to  come.  In 
these  days  of  turmoil  and  doubt  it  aims 
more  than  ever  so  to  fill  the  developing 
minds  with  forceful,  wholesome  thoughts 
that  there  will  be  no  room  for  the  shadows 
of  confusion  that  hang  so  heavily  about 
them.  John  Martin's  Book  does  not  leave 
its  small  readers  in  the  dark  concerning 
the  momentous  happenings  of  the  times. 
But  it  presents  them  in  their  constructive 
aspects,  calculated  to  inspire  patriotism, 
fearlessness,  honor,  and  service. 

It  su]>plies  to  the  cbild  a  direct  and 
living  influence  that  is  as  truly  assimilated 
into  his  mind  and  morals  as  his  mush  and 
milk  is  incorporate<l  into  his  sturdy  little 
body.  The  magazine  speaks  to  him  in  his 
own  language  and  is  infinitely  more  vital 
in  forming  character  than  scores  of  psycho- 
logical books,  no  matter  how  clever,  in  .the 
hands  of  his  parents  and  nurses.  It  bears 
to  the  child  the  happy  influence  of  a  loving 
friend. 

It  is  not  for  nothing  that  this  has  been 
designated  the  children's  year,  for  the 
necessity  of  keeping  childhoo<l  normal  has 
been  recognize<l  by  all  thinking  people 
from  the  President  down. 

If  ve  are  to  hdve  a  strong,  sane, 
mentally  balaticed  race  to  meet  tlie 
problems  of  to-mnrrnw,  we  must  be 
sure  thtit  in  these  ditys  of  readjustment 
and  reconstruction  the  safegwinls 
around  our  children  are  not  let  down, 
but  tJuit  every  possible  constructive 
influence  is  made  amailable  for  them 
all. 

The  Outlook  Advertising  Section 


CHILDREN  who  have 
JOHN    MARTIN'S 
BOOK  are  given  in  the 
fullest  measure  of  tiieir 
hearts'  desires.  It  is  the 
very  Voice  of  Childhoo<l, 
merry,  hopeful,  helpful   and   sponta- 
neous.   Arranged   for   children   from 
three  to  ten  years  of  age. 

IT  IS  jrST  W/I.IT  vol'  n'A.VTED  tt'HF.V 
■  I    CUII.l).     IT    in    .IIST    THE    MAd.iXlSE 

TTiiLDiiooii  .\Ki:i)s    HIT   y/:iw:i:    b~- 

FOHE  ir.l.v  lilfE.y  VSTII,  JlillX  maht/x 
COXCEI\El>  A.vn  ItEVEI.Ol'ED  THIS 
IDEAL     HOOK    FPU    I.ITTEE     CI/IID/tE.y 

A  YEAR'S  SUBSCRIPTION  GIVES 

Conntlem  pictnres  in  color  and  line. 
Gamea  to  rUy.  Things  to  Do.  Songs 
to  Sing.  Play;  to  Act.  Fairy  Tales. 
Nature  and  Histonr.  Bible  Stories. 
Fables  and  Myths.  Poetry  and 
Jingles.  Classic  Tales.  Clean  Fan 
ana  Nonsense.    Pozzies  and  Plans 

and  a  host  more  surprises  and  delights 
in  endless  variety,  all  with  a  wholesome 
and  helpful  delight  to  the  children. 

JOHN   MARTIN'S   BOOK 

is  a  NECESSITY  and  not  a  LUXURY 

In  thete  days  o/u>ar''i  dettructinn  it  is  comtrvctive, 
character  building,  and  makes  fine  little  American 
citizens  AND 

every  little  snbscriber  receives  from  John  Martin  a 
merry  "  Introdnotion  Letter  "  telling  that  you.  the 
donor,  send  the  gift ;  in  addition  the  children 
receive  pretty  HOLIDAY  and  CHRISTMAS 
CARDS.  In  fact,  nothing  that  adds  to  the  penonoi 
delight  of  The  Book  is  forgotten. 


LESS  THAN  ONE  CENT  A  DAY  IF 
YOU  USE  THE  COUPON   BELOW  ' 

»  SPECIAL  < 


14    MONTHS'   OFFER 

SUBSCRIBE  NOW 


Digitii 


S    Is  d   Ji  <S  <«  jii 
od  by  VJWV^ViV- 


546 


THE  OUTLOOK 


4  December 


WEEKLY  OUTLINE  STUDY  OF 
CURRENT  HISTORY 

BY  J.   MADISON   GATHANY,   A.M. 

HOPE  STBEET  HIGB  SCHOOL,  PROVIDENCE.  E.  L 

Based  on  The  Outlook  of  November  27, 1918 

Baofa  week  an  Oatlioe  Stady  of  Current  History  baaed  on  the  preoeding  number  of  The  Outlook  will 
be  printed  for  the  benefit  of  earrent  events  olasses,  debating  dubs,  teachers  of  history  and  of  Bnglish,  and 
the  like,  and  for  use  in  titM  home  and  by  snoh  indiTidnal  readers  as  may  desire  suggestions  in  the  serious 
,tndy  of  onrrent  history.— Tbb  KDiroita. 

[Those  who  are  nmng  the  weekly  outline  should 
not  attempt  to  cover  the  whole  of  an  outline  in  any 
one  lesson  or  study.  Assign  for  one  lesson  aeleoted 
qnestions,  one  or  two  propositions  for  discussion,  and 
only  snoh  words  as  are  f  onnd  in  the  material  aligned. 
Or  distribute  aeleoted  qnestions  among  different 
members  of  the  olaaa  or  group  and  nave  them 
report  their  findings  to  all  when  aaaerobled.  Then 
hare  all  disonas  the  questions  together.] 

I — INTERNATIONAL  AFFAIRS 

A.  Topic :    Feeding  Grermany ;  Feeding 
Europe. 

Reference :  Page  481. 
QiiestioTu  : 

1.  What  is  The  Outlook's  attitude  toward 
feeding  Germany  and  Europe  ?  For  what 
reasons  does  it  hold  this  attitude  ?  2.  How 
do  yon  account  for  the  fact  that  the  Ger- 
mans have  not  shown  regret  for  Germany's 
barbarism  ?  Do  you  think  the  Allies  should 
feed  the  German  people  before  they  sin- 
cerely repent  of  Germany's  inhuman 
deeds  ?  Reasons.  3.  Explain  why  anarchy 
■produces  starvation  and  why  starvation 
produces  anarchy.  4.  Discuss  whether 
Americans  should  make  any  sacrifice  to 
feed  the  Germans.  5.  Would  it  be  fortu- 
nate or  unfortunate  for  anarchy  to  spread 
throughout  Germany  ?  Reasons.  6.  Does 
common  humanity  demand  that  we  feed 
the  Germans?  Tell  why  or  why  not. 
7.  Do  you  consider  the  ai^eal  of  the  Ger- 
man women  to  Mrs.  Wilson  and  Miss 
Addams  German  propaganda  ?  If  so,  what 
is  its  aim?  8.  Discuss  t£e  following  state- 
ments :  The  German  people  shared  with 
the  Kaiser  in  the  ambition  to  dominate  the 
world.  They  are  still  a  crafty  and  con- 
scienceless people.  They,  like  him,  must 
be  tried  at  uie  bar  of  international  justice. 
9.  Name  and  discuss  probable  results  of 
America's  willingness  to  feed  European 
nations.  10.  Those  who  are  inclined  to  be 
sentimental  toward  the  German  people  are 
urged  to  read  "  The  German  Terror  in 
France,"  bv  A.  J.  Toynbee  (Doran) ;  «  The 
Nemesis  of  Docility,"  by  E.  Holmes  (Dut- 
ton)  ;  "  Fighting  Gennany's  Spies,"  by 
F.  Strother  (Doubleday,  Page). 

B.  Topic  :  Tlie  President's  European  Visit. 
Reference :  Editorial,  pages  487,  488. 
Questions: 

1.  Why  have  doubts   arisen   about  the 
President's  visit  to  the  Peace  Conference  ? 

2.  What  is  The  Outlook's  attitude  toward 
the  President's  European  trip?  Give  reasons 
why  you  do  or  do  not  share  this  opinion. 

3.  Tell  why  you  think  tlie  President  wants 
to  attend  the  Peace  Conference.  4.  The 
American  people  would  not  allow  either 
the  legislative  or  the  judicial  department 
to  go  to  Europe.  Give  the  reasons.  Do  the 
same  or  similar  reasons  hold  against  the 
Executive  Department  going  ?  6.  Discuss  : 
"  The  American  people  are  not  ready  to 
assent  to  the  suggestion  that  only  one  per- 
son in  all  their  number  possesses  such  a 
monopoly  of  wisdom  and  aiscretion  that  he 
most  be  present  at  the  peace  proceedings 


in  France."  6.  Read  a  valuable  little  book, 
"  The  Presidency,"  by  W.  H.  Taft  (Scrib- 
ners). 

n — ^FOREION  AFFAIRS 

Topic  :  Germany  in  Transition. 
Reference :  Page  482, 

tions: 

For  what  reasons  is  it  "  difficult  to  feel 
certain  as  to  the  internal  condition  of  things 
in  Germany,"  as  The  Outlook  says  ?  2.  Does 
it  seem  reasonable  to  believe  that  William  II 
is  not  "  as  dead  and  gone  as  he  seems  to 
be"  ?  Discuss.  3.  Discuss  the  probabililjr 
and  the  results  of  the  return  of  "  Mr.  Will- 
iam Hohenzollern  "  to  Germany.  4.  Do  you 
believe  that  the  future  safety  of  civilization 
demands  that  "the  whole  Hohenzollern 
tribe  should  be  disposed  of  as  soon  as  pos- 
sible "  ?  Reasons.  5.  Discuss  Germany's 
political  future,  both  national  and  interna- 
tional 

UI— NATIONAL  AFFAIRS 

Topic  :  Preparing  for  Peace. 
Reference:  Pages  481, 482. 
Questions  : 

1.  Explain  how  what  The  Outlook  says 
on  thb  topic  is  related  to  the  topic.  2.  In 
what  respects  might  some  students  of 
current  affairs  expect  this  topic  to  be 
treated  differently  than  The  Outlook  treats 
it.  3.  Give  reasons  why  the  question  of 
preparing  for  peace  is  an  important  one. 
4.  Nearly  4,000,000  men  were  taken  by  the 
Federal  Government  from  industrial  pur- 
suits. Ought  the  Government  to  do  any- 
thing about  translating  these  men  back 
into  civil  emplojrment,  or  should  they  be 
made  to  shift  for  themselves  ?  5.  Name  and 
discuss  four  af ter-the-war  problems.  6.  Read 
three  very  suggestive  books:  "America 
After  the  War,"  by  an  American  Jurist 
(Century)  ;  "  Americanism  and  Social  De- 
mocracy, by  John  Spargo  (Harpers) ; 
"  Budget  Making  in  a  Democracy,"  by 
£.  A.  Fitzpatrick  (Macmillan). 

IV — PROPOSITIONS  FOR  DISCUSSION 

(These  propositions  are  auggested  direotly  or  indi- 
rectly by  the  subject-matter  of  The  Outlook,  but 
not  <usoo8sed  in  it.) 

1.  The  -problems  of  peace  are  harder  to 
solve  than  the  problems  of  war.  2.  America 
should  not  approve  tlie  President's  arrange- 
ment for  conducting  the  Nation's  business 
while  he  is  away.  3.  Theodore  Roosevelt 
is  the  best  qualified  peace  delegate  in 
America. 

V — VOCABULARY   BUILDING 

(All  of  the  following  words  and  expressions  are 
found  in  The  Outlook  for  November  27, 1918.  Both 
before  and  after  looking  them  up  in  the  dictionary 
or  elsewhere,  give  their  meaning  in  your  own  words. 
The  figures  in  parentheses  refer  to  pages  on  which 
the  words  may  oe  found.) 

Sentimental,  furor,  naively  (481)  ;  liberal 
statesmen,  criticism  (488)  ;  alxlication, 
rampant.  Provisional  Government  (482) ; 
peace,  interned,  integral  (482). 


A  booklet  tvggestitiff  methods  of  tuing  the  Weekly  Outline  of  Cmreni  Ilittory  will  be  sent  on  apjUicqtion 


What  every 
Burglar  knows 

THAT  the  house  guarded 
by  "  Yale  "  is  not  a  happy 
hunting  gfround  for  him. 

So  he  doesn't  waste  histime 
and  illicit  skill  trying  to  get 
past  the  impassable  (uurriers 
that  confront  him. 

Secure  your  doors  today 
with  Yale  Night  Latches — to 
help  out  uncertain  locks 
already  there. 

Then  make  all  outdoors  as 
safe  as  indoors  with  Yale  Pad- 
locks. Snap  these  watchful 
guardians  on  cellar  doors  and 
chests  and  stables  and  garages 
and  sleep  easy. 

Your  hardvare  detdtr  has  these 
two  esj/entitU  YaU  products — 
made  by  the  samr  Mkilud  orfftmi- 
sation  that  produces  Yale  Door 
Closer*,  Builders^  Hardware^ 
Bank  Locks,  and  Chain  Blocks. 
All  Yale  Products  bear  the 
trede^mark.  See  your  hantieare 
dealer  today. 

The  Yale  &Towne  Mf  g.  Co. 

9Eut40lhS«rMt.  NawYorkCitjr 

CUcago  Office    77  Eut  Lake  Street 
Canadian  Vale  &  Towne  Ltd..  St.Catharmes.Ost. 


Uf  «^ 


Digitized  by  VJWVJV  IV^ 


1918 


THE  OUTLOOK 


547 


NINE  NEW  HARPER  BOOKS 


(^ 


Tbe  Reclaimers 

By  MARGARET  HILL  McCARTER 

Here  is  the  fascinating  tale  of  a  youn^  girl,  an 
orphan,  pretty,  reared  in  luxury,  who  inherits  a  land 
claim  in  the  Sage  Brush  country  in  Western  Kansas. 
She  decides  to  give  up  her  life  of  idleness  to  fight  her 
own  way  to  indepenaence  by  living  on  her  ranch,  but 
finds  that  it  is  nothing  but  a  "  blow-out "  land  .  .  .  acres 
and  acres  of  sand  on  the  edge  of  which  she  meets 
romance.  In  what  manner  is  the  big  secret  of  the  book, 
the  plot  of  which  is  unfolded  in  such  a  delightful  way 
that  it  will  charm  all  who  read  it.  Frontispiece.  Hau 
Qoth.  51.50. 

The  War  in  the  Cradle  of  the  World 

By  ELEANOR  FRANKLIN  EGAN 

There's  a  little  place  in  Mesopotamia  that  the  Tommies 
called  the  Hill  Sution  for  Hell,  until  they  decided  that 
that  was  doing  Hell  an  injustice.  And  that  was  the  Garden 
of  Eden,  so  wiey  say.  Terrible  times  it  saw  in  this  war, 
but  terrible  indeed  was  all  that  Mesopotamia  saw.  The 
British  soldiers  had  all  they  could  ao  to  stand  it — yet 
into  this  terror  went  an  American  woman  alone,  with  no 
weapon  but  her  pen.  But  her  pen  is  a  powerful  weapon, 
and  she  has  written  one  of  the  most  vivid,  colorful,  fas- 
cinating books  about  the  war.  She  was  received  and 
welcomed  in  General  Maude's  own  house.  More  than 
any  other  American,  she  had  a  chance  to  study  and  to 
know  this  romantic  and  heroic  man  who  became  a 
martyr  in  this  wondrous  land.  Illustrated.  ^2.00. 

From  Berlin  to  Bagdad 

By  GEORGE  A.  SCHREINER 

"  The  author  was  a  keen  and  discriminating  observer, 
and  he  has  the  precious  faculty  of  not  merely  describing 
in  interesting  fashion  the  things  that  he  saw,  but  also 
making  clear  their  significance.  .  .  .  The  volume  is  from 
beginning^  to  end  of  intense  interest,  and  of  high  value, 
as  a  straightforward,  unvarnished  record  of  events  and 
conditions  in  the  East."—  TAt  Neiv  York  Tribune. 

"He  is  always  fascinating  when  he  describes  events 
and  experiences  ...  a  veteran  correspondent  .  .  . 
nothing  can  feaze  him." — The  Aew  York  EveningPost. 
Illustrated.   52.00. 

The  Kaiser  As  I  Know  Him 

By  ARTHUR  N.  DAVIS 

"  It  is  an  illuminating  and  fascinating  book  Mr.  Davis 
has  written,  disclosing,  as  it  were,  bjr  thats  'in  the 
wings '  the  true  character  of  the  vainglorious  protagonist 
of  an  evil  drama." — The  IVsw  York  Times. 

"For  all  his  characterizations  of  the  Kaiser  and  the 
German  people  the  author  gives  chapter  and  verse  of 
evidence,  in  a  book  which  is  so  well  written  as  to  be 
very  pleasant  reading  and  is  filled  with  timely  interest 
from  beginning  to  end." — The  New  York  Tribune. 
Illustrated.   #2.00. 

Four  Years  in  the  White  North 

By  DONALD  B.  MacMILLAN 

A  graphic  and  intensely  interesting  account  of  the 
most  important  exploring  expedition  in  the  northern 
Arctic  since  the  discovery  of  the  North  Pole.  Under 
the  auspices  of  the  American  Museum  of  Natural 
History  and  the  American  Geographical  Society,  the 
Crocker  Land  Expedition  set  out  to  solve  the  last  great 
geographical  proolem  of  the  North — whether  or  not 
there  was  in  the  Polar  Sea  a  large  body  of  land  still 
undiscovered.  The  author,  who  was  the  leader  of  this 
expedition,  gives  a  full  account  of  what  it  accom- 
plished, the  hardships,  bravery,  and  endurance  of  its 
members.   lUustratea.   Crown  8vo,  Cloth,  |4.00. 


The  Winds  of  Chance 

By  REX  BEACH 

Remote  from  war,  miles  away  from  training  camps,  this 
novel  of  Alaska  thrills  and  vibrates  with  the  true  Ameri- 
can spirit— the  spirit  that  made  the  A.  E.  F.  what  it  is. 
Here  is  Beach's  Alaska  at  its  best — the  epic  days  that 
were  lived  by  the  thousands  at  White  Horse — the  great 
human  side  of  the  gold  rush.  And  here  is  'Poleon  Doret 
again,  the  singing,  sunny,  clean-hearted  'Poleon  I  You 
met  him  in  "The  Barrier"  perhaps.  Humor?  Beach 
has  not  forgotten  it  He  has  given  us  a  pair  of  quarrel- 
ing old  miners  who  can't  work  together  and  yet  can't 
separate  .  .  .  one  of  the  most  amusing  things  he  has 
ever  done. 

You  must  not  miss  this  fascinating  book.  Illustrated. 
Cloth,  PostSvo.  #1.50. 

The  Close-Up 

By  MARGARET  TURNBULL 

Tells  the  story  of  a  simple,  everyday  New  York  girl 
who  became  a  movie  star  over  night  out  in  the  golden 
West  It  is  the  story  of  her  triumphs  and  successes — of 
her  hardships  and  struggles^of  the  friends  she  makes  in 
this  strange  world  of  make-believe — and  of  the  gay, 
devil-may-care  life  she  leads  for  a  time. 

The  story  is  big  and  colorful  with  very  real  and  very 
human  people — people  who  love  life  and  get  the  most 
outof  it— inwhose  natures  there  are  depths  of  kindliness 
and  helpfulness  often  unsuspected  beneath  masks  of 
frivolity  and  temperament  And  there  are  some  real 
actresses  in  it,  too — people  you  will  recognize  by  what 
the  book  tells  about  them.  #1.50. 


Foes 

By  MARY  JOHNSTON 

The  New  York  Times  says:  "This  novel  by  Mary 
Johnston  is  like  a  beautifully  formed  crystal,  opalescent 
with  many  colors.  It  glows  with  miraculous  tints  of 
June,  glazed  with  the  dour  gloom  of  December,  dappled 
like  its  variegated  landscapes  with  sun  and  shadow.  . . . 
The  ending  is  worthy  the  rest  of  the  book,  crowns  it. 
It  is  a  finely  conceived  story,  taut  with  deep  feeling, 
and  strung  with  pearls  of  price." 

The  New  York  Tribune  says :  "  .  .  .  The  book  is  a 
superb  success,  ;  .  .  a  romance  that  must  take  high 
rank  amid  the  best  fiction  of  the  year."  #1.50. 

The  Cow  Puncher 

By  ROBERT  J.  C.  STEAD 

Dave  Elden  is  not  content  with  his  horizon  of  the 
Northwest  since  Irene  Hardy  has  come  into  his  life; 
she  is  the  highly  bred  product  of  Fastern  civilization, 
and  if  he  would  win  her  he  must  become  something 
more  than  a  cow  puncher.  And  so  he  comes  to  the  new 
boom  city  of  the  prairies,  and  begins  by  losing  his  last 
dollar  to  a  quick-fingered  three-card-Monte  man.  A  bad 
start,  but  Dave  Elden  has  nothing  of  the  yellow  streak 
in  him.  A  few  years  pass.  Dave  is  making  a  fortune  as 
a  real  estate  broker  and  promoter,  and  he  is  getting 
interested  in  Edith  Duncan.  But  again  Irene  Hardy 
claims  her  part  in  the  drama  of  his  life ;  this  man  and 
this  woman  are  predestined  mates,  and  at  last  they  have 
learned  to  recognize  their  fate.  Then  comes  the  shadow 
of  the  great  world  war; 'and  Dave  dies  at  Courcelette — 
"  over  there  " — dies  in  Edith's  arms,  but  thinking  only 
of  Irene,  his  wife  for  a  day.  And  Irene  is  content  to  go 
on  living  for  the  sake  of  Dave  Elden's  son.  A  tragic 
ending,  but  the  reader  does  not  resent  it,  nor  even  wish 
it  otherwise.   Illustrated.   Post  8vo,  Half  Cloth,  #1.50. 


HARPER  &  BROTHERS       E^abiuh^  isn       NEW  YORK 


Digitized  by  VJWVJV  IV^ 


548 


THE   OUTLOOK 


4  December 


SOLDIERS  and  SAILORS;  ATTENTION ! 

Best  Insurance  Protection  for  You 
As  Well  As  for  Civilians 

During  the  war,  the  POSTAL  LIFE  INSURANCE 
COMPANY,  and  other  insurance  institutions,  advised  our 
Soldiers  and  Sailors  to  take  advantage  of  the  special  insurance 
provided  by  the  Government,  because  it 
was  entirely  proper  that  the  Government, 
which  means  the  entire  people,  should  carry 
the  added  risk  of  warfare. 

But  now  that  Peace  has  come,  there  is 
no  necessity  or  warrant  for  Government 
insurance  except  to  compensate  for  disable- 
ment or  disabilities  due  to  the  war.  Gov- 
ernment insurance  policies  are  in  no  sense 
superior  to  those  of  the  established  com- 
panies. And  a  policyholder  should  be  freed 
from  every  form  of  delay  and  red  tape, 
which  is  the  case  in  the  New  York  com- 
panies as  now  operated  and  supervised. 

Read  below  the  "  Strong  Points  "  which 
have  done  so  much  to  popularize  the  policy- 
contracts  of  the 

POSTAL  UFE 
INSURANCE  COMPANY 


The  service  being  rendered  its 
policyholders  is  unsurpassed  by  any 
other  company,  and  will  not  be 
equaled  by  the  Government. 

It  should  be  noted  that  the 
POSTAL  operates  through  an  arm 
of  the  Government  service ;  that 
it  is  subject  to  the  United  States 
Postal  authorities ;  that  it  main- 
tains the  high  reserve  standards 
required  by  the  State  of  New 
York,  by  whose  Insurance  Depart- 
ment it  is  audited  and  supervised. 

The  institution  of  life  insurance, 
indeed,  has  been  built  up  through 


individual  enterprise  and  is  best 
conducted  by  competitive  companies, 
as  has  been  amply  proved  wherever 
Government  or  State  insurance  has 
been  tried  out. 

The  POSTAL  LIFE  insures 
Soldiers  and  Sailors  everywhere  at 
ordinary  premium  rates,  without 
the  intervention  of  an  agent,  the 
benefit  cf  the  agenfs  commission 
going  to  the  insured.  The  Cdm- 
pany  does  business  wherever  the 
mails  go  and  has  for  years  been 
issuing  insurance  and  receiving 
premiums  from  over  seas. 


To  find  out  how  easily  and  at  what  reasonable 
cost  Soldiers  and  Sailors  and  the  general  public 
can  secure  any  standard  form  of  policy,  simply  write 
the  Company  for  information. 

Write  for  personal  particulars,  mentioning  The 
Outlook  and  giving  (a)  date  of  your  birth,  (b)  occu- 
pation, and  the  Company  will  forward  by  mail  only 
exact  figures,  also  a  specimen  policy  showing  its 
provisions,  and  an  explanatory  booklet. 

No  agent  will  be  sent  to  visit  you  ;  the  resulting 
commission  savings  go  to  yon,  because  you  deal  direct. 

THE  POSTAL  LIFE  INSURANCE  COMPANY 

WILUAM  R.  MALONE,  President 

511  Fifth  Avenue,  Comer  43d  Street 
New  York  Gty,  N.  Y. 


Strong  Postal  Points 

FirHt:  Standani  Policy 
frxenrx,  now  $9,000,0(m.  /n- 
surauce  in/orrr,  >40,OOO,(KiO. 
Second :  Old-lhte  leant 
tTJtfrffi  injnimnce-'Uot  ir»- 
temal  or  asBeasmeut. 
Third :  Standard  poliry 
pmvisions,  approved  by  tlie 
State  lusurance  Depart- 
ment. 

Fourth:  Operates  under 
gtrirt     Sfiite     Ttqnirem*^it* 
and  subject  to  the  United 
States  puetal  authorities. 
Fifth :       High       nwdiail 
.itamtaids  in  the  selection  of 
risks- 
Sixth:   PoUcyhoidern^ 
Hefiftk     BnrroH     provides 
one  free  medical  examin»- 
tion  each  year,  if  desired. 
Seventh:   9}i%   dividend 
guaranteed   in  your  policy 
and  tbe    usual    contingent 
dividends  as  earned. 

EtKhth:  Wide  distribo- 
tiou  of  risks  and  low  death 
rate. 


SLACKERS 

BY    CHARLES   HANSON   TCVNE 

After  a  certain  municipal  election  a 
friend  of  mine — an  architect — was  f  urions 
that  the  first  official  act  .of  the  new  party 
in  power  was  to  stop  work  on  an  important 
ana  imposing  buildmg. 

"  So  that's  what  they  do !"  he  exclaimed. 
"  It's  outrageous !  That  new  coart-house 
would  have  been  a  joy  to  behold  and  a 
great  thing  for  our  city." 

His  iesthetic  sense  was  injured.  He  really 
felt  personally  aggrieved,  though  he  had 
not  been  tlie  designer  of  the  buuding. 

"  Did  you  vote  for  the  otlier  candidate  ?" 
I  asked. 

«  No." 

"  Did  you  vote  for  this  Mayor  V 

«  No.'*^ 

'/  Then  don't  let  me  hear  another  word 
of  complaint.  Tou're  a  civic  slacker,  iast 
as  gpiilty  as  the  military  slacker.  Only  last 
week  I  heard  you  criticising  a  verdict  given 
in  the  courts.  A  woman  who  had  murdered 
her  uncle  in  cold  blood  was  allowed  to  go 
scot  free.  You  said  if  you  had  been  on  the 

J'ury  she'd  never  have  got  off.  But  how 
ong  is  it  since  you  have  done  yoar  duty  as 
a  citizen  ?  Don  t  you  always  try  to  getoff? 
Be  honest  now !" 

"  Well,  I  admit  tliat  I've  never  served  on 
a  jury  in  my  life.  It  takes  so  much  of  my 
time,"  and — well — well — "  he  b^an  to 
stumble — "  you  know  how  busy  I  am  at  all 
seasons." 

"  So  are  we  all,  if  we  amount  to  any- 
thing. It's  the  busy  men,  not  the  loafers, 
who  ought  to  be  jurymen,  because  they're 
far  more  intelligent.  I'm  sure  if  I  ever  got 
into  trouble  I  wouldn't  want  a  lot  of  boot- 
blacks and  half-educated  park  loafers  to 
try  my  case.  I'd  want  sound  business  men 
who  would  give  careful  thought  to  me.  I'd 
want  professional  men,  like  you — men  of 
famUy  and  position  in  the  locality.  The 
trouble  with  as  all  is  that  we  dread  being 
the  least  inconvenienced.  We're  everlast- 
ingly trying  to  evade  something.  As  a 
matter  of  fact,  jury  duty  isn't  a  bore  at  alL 
It's  the  best  way  to  study  human  nature, 
for  one  thing.  You  get  a  close-up  of  law- 
yers' minds  and  judges'  ideas  ana  prison- 
ers' points  of  view.  You  see  a  drama  very 
often  that's  migh^  well  worth  seeing ;  and 
you  come  away  feeling  that  at  least  yoo 
have  served  the  community  to  the  bestof 
your  ability.  You  haven't  left  your  city  in 
the  hands  of  the  muckers.  You  have  been 
in  the  trenches  of  the  jury-box,  where,  pa^ 
ticularly  in  tiiis  time  wnen  the  younger  men 
have  been  figliting  in  a  far  more  important 
trench,  it  is  all  the  more  essential  lor  yon 
to  sit.  They  have  had  to  stand,  you  know. 
And  you  even  object  to  sitting  down." 

My  friend  looked  at  me. 

"  I'll  serve  next  time,"  he  said.  "  What's 
more,  I'll  make  all  the  men  in  my  office 
serve.  And  I'll  come  home  to  vote,  even  if 
I'm  two  hundred  miles  away  on  a  good  job. 
This  country  needs  soldiers  at  home." 


THE   OCCUPATION   OF 
ZABERN 

(From  the  New  York  "Sun") 

In  the  official  list  of  important  dties 
occupied  by  the  Allied  armies,  a  list  tliai 
includes  Brussels,  Antwerp,  Metz,  and  the 
upper  Alsatian  capital  of  Colraar,  appears 
the  name  of  Zabem.  This  little  town  on 
the  border  of  Alsace  and  Lorraine,  tranquil 
and  peaceful  enough  to  be  called  the^'tovn 

Digitized  by  VJWVJV  IV^ 


19IS 


THE   OUTLOOK 


549 


[Atfiferi/sem£u/\ 


Are  the  Letters  You  Write 
GOOD  Letters? 


«< 


Not  If  They  Merely  TELL  Things,''  Says  This  Sik> 
cessful  Letter  Writer,  Who  Shows  the  Simple 
Knack  of  Making  a  Reader  FEEL  as  You 
Want  Him  To,  About  What  You  Say 


One  of  the  directors  of  a  great  women's 
magmzine,  coming  late  to  nia  office  one 
morning,  polled  a  circular  letter  out  of  his 
pocket  and  sent  for  his  assistant.  "  I  want 
vou  to  find  the  man  who  wrote  this  letter," 
he  demanded. 

He  was  excited.  The  evening  before  he 
had  been  discoasing  with  his  neighborhood 
druggist  the  choice  of  a  tooth  paste.  "  111 
have  a  new  one  in  a  few  days,  the  drug- 
gut  had  said,  "best  one  on  the  market. 
This  is  it —  "  and  he  had  brought  out  the 
cireolar  letter. 

The  publisher  had  glanced  at  it  in  a 
bored  sort  of  way,  then  his  interest  had 
been  caught,  and  he  began  to  read.  He 
read  the  letter  through  and  then  re-read  it. 
"  I'll  want  to  try  some  of  this  tooth  paste 
when  you  get  it  in,"  he  said.  "  It  sounds 
good.'"^ 

"  Certainly  does,"  agreed  the  dru^^gist. 
"  And  that's  a  mighty  nir,  liberal  bosmess 
proposition  they  make,  too.  I  ordered  half 
a  gross  right  away." 

The  next  morniiig  as  be  bnuhed  hia  teeth  the 
publisher  thoivht  of  the  new  tooth  pute  again. 
SoddenlT  it  ooenned  to  him  how  pectiliu'  it  was 
ttaU  hotix  he  uSd  the  drngsist  should  have  oome  to 
have  oonfidenoe  in  a  proianot  neither  of  them  had 
erer  aeen,  or  even  hesid  of  before.  "  By  Jiminy  1" 
be  ezelaimed,  "  now  that's—"  and  on  bis  way  to 
the  oiBee  he  stopped  in  again  at  the  dmggiat's. 
"Coold  yon  \ft  me  have  that  letter  if  you're 
throo)^  with  it  ?"  he  asked,  and  the  dmggist  gave 
it  to  hun.  As  he  read  it  again  on  the  street  car  a 
detanninatiaii  grew  ia  him.  "  I  want  yon  to  find 
the  man  who  wrote  this  letter,"  he  had  demanded  of 
his  assistant.  "  I  want  to  meet  him.  If  he's  what  I 
think  he  is,  1  want  to  hire  him,  no  matter  what  it 
c«s«a. 

"  Jnat  read  it,  man  I"  he  ezslaimed  as  he  handed 
the  letter  to  the  assistant.  "  What  that  fellow,  who- 
erer  he  ia,  has  pot  into  that  letter  is  jnst  what 
oosfat  to  be  pat  mto  erery  letter  that  goes  ont  of 
oar  own  office.  It's  more  than  plain  statement  of 
fact — it's  something  mora  than  hmnan  interest — it's 
more  than  mere  smoerity — he  hasgiTen  the  letter 
a  RKAL  PERSONAUTTl  Why,  this  letter 
TALKS— talks  with  yoo  as  yon  reiwl  it,  Hke  a 
homaa  being !  Yon  don't  feel  as  thongh  you  were 
RKADINQ  anything,  hot  as  thoogh  yon  were 
harinc  a  friendly  chat  with  its  writer  1" 


Wstl,  the  man  wai  foand  sod  he  me  hind,  though  It  took 
Ml  ■■I  lie  Q<  ill|ilimattn  manaeuTTtag  before  hie  red  klontity 
ooold  be  dtaoonnd  in  a  tight  little  Chicago  oOoe,  ud  more 
Ml  Willie  btfore  be  ooold  be  Indiioed  to  oome  Beet. 

Tbst  wae  thirteen  yean  ago,  and  iince  then  hondreda  at 
iilher  boifaeei  men  hare  "  dHoorend  *'  Herbert  Weteoo  in 
ft  good  deal  the  mate  w^.  He  liae  oome  to  be  known  ee  a 
■ort  ef'wiaid"  at  the  wittiiigo<  any  type  o<  letter.  When 
boaiaees  kooete  haTS  had  a  proMien  dmlonlt  to  eolre  In  get- 
tiiw  mafl  onlets,  or  in  cnlletaig  the  hitereet  and  oo-opemtka 
o^dMlen,  or  hi  glugeiiiig  op  a  mlee  force,  they  hare  not 
for  Wateon  to  wilts  fatten  that  woold  bring  In  the  boeineea. 
Wbaa  they  hare  bid  traaUe  with  naUng  ooUectkme  on 
eaial  or  wMab  scattered  aoooante,  they  have  eent  tor 
Wataca  to  won  ont  ooDeotkm  letter*  that  wonU  get  the 
mueaay.  When  adieitfaen  bare  foand  tfaat  inquirlee  from 
their  adTertWng  wen  not  dereloping  Into  real  mlee,  eoooer 
or  Mer  they  hare  himted  up  Wataoa  to  plan  foUow-ap 
IgateiB  that  would  torn  inkereet  into  purcbeewe. 

IPniaB  a*  i>r  east  as  Salem,  Mam.,  to  a*  fkr  weet  as  Kaaau 
Ctty,  thb  man  haa  Jagged  ouletly  about,  as  hie  ■errioee  wen 
(ooglit,  stodying  the  problem*  of  maniifSftanr,  merchant. 


I  banker,  real  eetate  man — and  who  kuowc  what  aQr—sUng 
up  the  lob  to  be  done,  then  wiittaig  the  letten  that  did  K. 
And  an,  aeemingly,  aa  merely  part  of  the  day^e  fm,  for  ae 
hie  trieoda  and  aeMdatee  teettfy,  he  kept  up]  at  rae  mme 
thne  a  nerer-breaklng  ilow  c<  peraooel  ternqMUenM  4Hth 
friends  and  aoqnatntaooee  eVerywhsn — ririd  letters  of  de- 
Boriptlan  of  new  towns  bt  plaoee,  letten  of  oonunent  on  Uie 
people  met,  InuKmnu  letten  of  the  day'i  experienoee,  and 
gosopy  fatten  al  faitimste,  peracnsl  new*  I 


And  now  thli  pset-timter  of  the  knsck  of  writfaig  good 
letten  teUs  the  rimpfa,  homely  eecret  of  hi*  work. 

Fnnkly,  freely,  without  iwuiiatlon,  he  tell*  Jut  how  It 
wa*  that  with  onty  a  Ut^pmlm  amaU-town  edncation  and 
no  partlcolar  gift  for  writfaig  or  talkimr,  he  dereloped  the 
knack  of  taking  any  aet  c(  buiineee  ocmiltkin*,  or  budget  of 
pef*OPalnewa,andwiftfaig  or  dictating  a  letter  about  It  that 
nanaUy  would  bars  Jnat  the  eifeet  en  the  reader  that  he 
wanted  It  to  hare. 

"  Wiitfa«  letters,  with  me,"  ha  •an,  "  ha*  ben  neither 
edenoe,  nor  art,  nor  natural  gift.  It  ha*  been  Just  a  knack 
that  1  cultlTatea.  I  found  tbm  wen  certain  moTemaste  to 

Etiiicogh  in  Ofdsr  to  write  a  nally  good  letter,  Jnat  a*  you 
re  certain  morementa  to  go  through  in  •harmg  with  a 
•atety  runr,  or  tying  a  neekne— or,  ny  dear  kdy,ln  doing 
ycur  hair  up  in  curl  papen  t 

"  Abanrd,  you  aay  1  But  wait. 

"  Why  do  you  write  or  dfatate  a  letter  r 

"  Ernyone  ba*  a  different  anawer.  '  To  tell  a  laoapsetlre 
cnstomer  about  my  good*  or  my  propoaltlaa,*  my*  one ;  *  to 
tell  my  boy  in  Fmnoe  the  news  from  home,*  aayi  another ; 
■  to  dim  a  debtor  for  a  fad,'  my*  a  third ;  and  *o  on. 

*'  But,  do  you  know,  in  writing  thoomnd*  of  fattera— ao 
many  thnumnri*  I  cau*t  count  them — 1  hare  found  AIX 
wen  written  for  the  mine  rimpfa  purpoee  t  Ye*,  air,  npoa 
my  word,  for  Just  one  afanpfa  puzpoee — to  ireaie  my  own 
FEKLINO  fal  my  nader'a  mind  I 

"  Stop  and  tUnk  abont  that. 

"  The  budneai  man  wiitei  hi*  letter  about  U*  goods- 
why  1  Why,  eo  the  prospect  win  VKKL  thst  the  goods  an 
superior,  or  extn  nine,  or  eomething  of  that  sort.  Hm 
mother  of  a  boy  In  the  army  dean  off  the  parlor  tabfa  to 
write  a  letter  of  home  new*  to  Jha  or  Tom — why  f  Bo  Jha 
or  Tom  wiU  feel,  for  liiatanoe,  that  erarything**  flue  at 
home.  Hm  credit  man  diotstes  a  dunning  letter — same 
KaiKi  ■)  the  debtor  wm  feel  a*  the  credit  man  doe*— that 
the  bffl  ought  to  be  paid  M  onoe  I 

"Wen,  what'*  tfaat  got  to  do  withhow  to  writer  Wby.H 
■impllile*  the  whole  propoaltlcn.  For  what  makm  a  person 
FEEL  anytUng  ?  Not  fln*  wocda  or  briUant  phrsaes  or 
correct  grammar.  A  tcn-yearmld  boy  on  the  itieet  can 
say  something  that  make*  you  feel  meny, 
fan  of  gynfa£a9—or  Uke  rismam  him  in  the 
the  most  poUsoed  remarks  of  the  gentleman  who  meet* 
you  on  the  next  comer  may  leare  your  feeling*  whoUy 
nntouciisd. 

■■  Bo  writfav  agood  le««>-tfaat  1*,  a  letter  whioh  wiU 
make  ite  reader  FEkL  a*  you  want  him  to  about  your  news, 
or  your  good*,  or  your  argument  and,  a*  br  a*  that  goee,. 
making  a  good  safae  talk  or  a  good  speech  or  being  an  Inter- 
istflng  talker — is  a  matter  of  the  moat  dmple,  elemental 


I  f*ae— whne 


I  for  any  kind  of  character  of 


hmnan  natnn.  It  i*  the 
fatter. 

"When  I  hare  a  fatter  to  write  or  diotata,  whether  It  I*  a 
fatter  to  my  wife  or  my  bo**,  a  form  letter  for  a  dient  or  a 
letter  telUng  about  annwthing  I  bara  seen,  I  ask  nyaelt  two 
question*— elway*  the  same  two  que*tion*.  The  aaawan  to 
tnoee  two  queation*  tall  what  I  most  ssy  In  my  letter  and 
the  order  In  which  to  say  H.  I  nsrer  hare  to  worry  further 
about  tfaat  pert.  Ilun  1  ask  myssif  thne  mots  onesl ' 
ooe-two-tfaree  order,  end  ss  I  anawerthem  I  WRITS 
THE  AKBWXR8.    Thcae  aaswen  are  my  letter  t 

"  Foolish  ?  Maybe  so,  if  yon  an  a  nataiaOy  gifted 
writer.  But  if  you  an  not— wen  anyway,  for  myself 
1  hare  found  I  can  write  or  dictate  letten  that  way 
that  *eU  good*,  collect  money,  ^Booth  over  com- 
plaint*,  amuae  my  friends,  cheer  np  folk*  in  trouble, 
make  the  peopfa  at  home  intereeied  in  my  experi- 
ence* whOe  1  em  on  the  road— yee  and  whan  I  wa* 
younger  1  need  to  get  job*  with  them  I 

"  111  allow  you  the  ifanpfa  oMnmsnU  to 
and  you  can  use  them  or  not,  ss  yoo  like.** 


Sm  Haw  QwIt  Yss  Cm  Annr  TWk  Toi  QaotiMs 

I— Whet  U  shnra  aeonaaiy  m  ocder  lo  n»ke  the  sttb- 

ied  cmrad  br  s  Idkr  IrtaatlDf  to  the  leader? 
2 — What  is  iiie  Int  mon  k>  amle  bcfote  aaitiss  k> 

wriM  cr  dicUle  *iiT  kind  cf  kaer  > 
3    How  aaar  rou  id  hr  *ay  Isltsr  whsl  oushl  lo  be 

pot  fiat  in  k? 
4— What  msil  be  dcoe  br  a  waMs  ia  older  to  fin  ihe 

leada  o<  fail  leaer  die  lifhl  laiprsiiisn  ci  wiiaicTcr 

helhaa  toaar? 
5 — How  csa  joa  amase  the  poiala  of  aaylfaiiis  yon  wiJi 

to  deacribe  lo  k  wiB  aeem  asa/lo  liwirsder? 
fr— What  ii  the  aecnl  e(  ialancisg  a  iradir's  aOinide 

or  scls> 
7— How  m*r  you  alwayi  ted  the  proper  «ny  Is  ciaaa 

aaylattai? 
la  The  Knack   c(  Writat  Good   Uana   Hobot 
Watmo  Aawtjoa  a  aaweloialy  asmlc  *ae«fcr  to  eacb 
of  dwaerilaHy  anpoilaal^qiieaboiM.   The  pnodplea  aiipir 
to  say  fcim  tJt  eiisfaanii — aJkiat,  i       ' 
ad-wribas,  aa  wrU  u  to  letter  wiiiias. 


a  letter,  one  by  one,  and  demonatiate*  them  oa 
I  letters,  penonal  goeaip  letters,  oollectlca 
letters,  letten  of  descriptloa,  aaswen  to  complaints.  It  con- 
stats at  Are  text  books— bandsnine  coat  poeket-rfse  Tdumes, 
8iS  Ineiiea,  painted  en  beary  paper,  stanUy  bound  In  rick 
brawn  with  titles  stamped  In  pun  gold- books  that  wfll  be 
a  credit  to  any  library  and,  m  addltiotLj  a  series  of  pnotioe 
leaioiis,  one  for  each  rofaime,  rinwing  yon  how  to  put  each 
■soramsnt  into  actual  pmotice  on  any  letten  you  may  write 


The  coat— it  ia  butts  I 

—And  that  only  if  you  And  tha.aoniss  actually  WOBKB 
—for  YOC.  Ton  may  Jodae  of  K  without  risk.  Bend  ns 
money.  Simply  iUI  out  and  maO  tiie  coupon  and  the  pub- 
liahan  wm  ^adly  send  you  the  oomplete  course,  prepaid, 
for  free  examination.  Batisfy  yourself  thorovuhly.  Then,  If 
hi  Are  days  you  an  not  ocnTinoad  that  thta  ia  something 
you  can  use  fai  a  moat  piaetical  way— if  you  annot  ocnrinced 
that  The  Knack  of  Writfaig  Good  Letten  a*  Heriiart  Watacn 
show*  It  to  you  i*  someHifaig  that  you  can  profit  by  for  the 
reat  of  your  life,  whether  you  want  to  write  and  dictate 
bndtaeaa  letten  ao  they  will  make  mon  money  for  you  and 
wield  mon  inflnenoe,  or  only  to  write  mon  interestli^ 
mon  entertaining,  newrier,  and  BXTTKR  perscoal  lettais 
to  your  frieaidaand  idathee  If  you  don't  ibid  it  aU  that, 
why,  send  it  back  I  Otherwise  you  Dwraly  send  ns  t8. 

To  be  abk  to  write  or  dktate  lattsn  that  imboe  othen 
with  your  own  feelings  msana  powar  aad  plaoa  in  busineea, 
sad  to  be  of  taafhiaaoe  In  peiicaalaflkirs.  Tiythe  sfanpfa 
moreoaents  that  tUa  nmn  Watson  has  need  fa>  me  own  any 
iiiasfiil  work,  and  sea  the  results.  Tsks  no  risk.  Staiply 
aeod  the  coupon. 

Addnas  BosfaMss  Book  CoBosm,  PnbUsbsra,  2aG4  Amster- 
dam Arenne,  Mew  Toik,  N.  T. 

8ALE8UEN  AND  AOKHTB— A  qdendkl  oppoitnnitT  for 
big  proilts  in  takiiur  orden  in  quantities  from  bunness 
oi^nlistinns  and  JndiTidnal*.  Writ*  for  tana*. 


BUSINESS  BOOK  CONCERN 

2054  Aaul«raam  Ava^  N«w  Yorfc,  N.  Y. 
Bend  me  for  FREE  eumii»tkn,   prmld,  the  ooinpleto  6-lMwn 
ooon*  in  The  Kmck  of  Writing  Good  LaMan,  I9  Harbart  Wataoti. 
Within  flT«  dajn  of  tU  receipt  IwiU  eMwr  ratom  thv  ooorae  to  ytm 


And  abow  you  be  does,  fai  the  moat  limple,  intar- 
eatfaig,  eotettalnlng  fMhkn. 

lu  a  little  6-lfMoa  ooarae  for  home-atudy  which 
he  calla  The  Kiwrk  of  Writing  Oood  Lrtten.  thia 
man  Wataoii  takes  up  CAvh   of  hia  moTHD«nta  In 


f 
I 
I 
I 
I 
I ^ 

I  or  send  yon  Ki.' 

I 

I 

I 

I 


Addne*.. 


I  CKy. 


Stale 


Digitized  by 


Google 


THE    OUTLOOK 


^ 


THEY'LL  COME  AGAIN 

Those  days  of  interesting  home  building  will  rc' 
turn  when  Peace  on  Earth  comes  back  once  more. 

Real  home  lovers  will  find  enjoyable  diversion  from 
war  impressions  in  home  plannir^  for  the  future,  by 
informing  themselves  NOW,  on  plans  and  material. 

Arkansas  Soft  Pine 

is  ready  to  help  with  a  new  folio  of  eighteen  at' 
tracftive  house  designs  as  well  as  finished  samples, 
both  of  which  will  be  sent  on  request.  Write  today. 

Arkansas  Soft  Pine  Is  lirade  Marked  ar\d  SM  by  Dealers  East  of  the  Rockies. 


Arkansas  Soft  Pine  Bureau 


1 222  Boyle  Building 
UTILE,  ROCK,  ARKANSAS 


The  Occupation  qf  Zabtrn  (Continued) 
of  roses,"  luut  scarcely  more  than  five  tliou- 
saiul  jjeople,  yet  it  was  the  scene  of  a  pecu- 
Karly   significant  incident  tliat    attracted 
international  attention  just  before  the  war. 

In  November,  1913,  a  young  German 
lieutenant,  Baron  von  Forstner,  in  a  speech 
to  new  recruits,  said  that  h^  would  will- 
ingly give  ten  marks  out  of  his  own  pocket 
to  any  soldier  "  who  would  run  liis  bayonet 
through  a  Wackes  (an  Alsatian)."  He  after- 
wai-d  struck  with  his  sword  a  layie  cobbler 
who  was  too  slow  in  getting  out  of  his  way 
on  the  street.  A  popular  remonstrance  fol- 
lowed, and  in  the  attempt  to  repress  this 
expression  of  Zabern's  in<lignation  the 
colonel  of  the  regiment,  von  neuter,  took 
upon  himself  the  authority  to  declare  mill- 
tarv  law. 

I'he  effect  of  the  Zabem  mcideut  was 


twofold.  It  revived  in  Fi-auce  with  raudi 
of  it«  early  uitensity  the  Alsace  and  Lor- 
raine question.  The  action  of  the  people  of 
Zabem  was  accepted  as  a  clear  indication 
that  even  after  forty  years  the  French 
spirit  had  not  been  conquered  by  Genuan 
oppression.  The  trial  and  acquittal  of  von 
Forstner  and  tlie  other  officers  of  the 
Zabern  garrison  disclosed  to  the  world  the 
character  and  strength  of  German  milita- 
rism. The  Crown  Prince  sent  his  cong^tn- 
lations  to  von  Forstner,  and  the  whole  of 
military  Germany  gave  its  approval  of  the 
severe  measures  taken  by  Colonel  von 
Reuter.  "  We  shall  conclude,"  said  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Reichstag,  "  that  the  saber  and 
not  die  law  rules  Germanv.  The  result  of 
the  Zabern  affair  means  the  triumph  of  a 
war-thirsty  soldiery." 

The  fate  of  the  principal  cimi-actei-s  in 


4  December 

the  affair  has  been  told  in  the  despatches. 
Von  Forstner  was  killed  early  in  the  'wmr, 
shot  by  his  own  mep,  it  was  reported  ;  von 
Reuter  was  killed  in  the  advance  iu  nordi- 
ern  France  ;  the  Ninety-ninth  (the  Zabem) 
Regiment  was  annihilated — no  quarter  was 
asked  and  none  was  g;iven.  The  lame  cob- 
bler, a  despatch  a  few  days  a^o  reported. 
Was  anxiously  awaiting  the  appearance  of 
the  French  army. 

Zabem  has  Uuroo^hont  remained  loyally 
pro-French  ;  from  its  position  in  the  rery 
heart  of  the  lost  province  it  exerasad-c'reat 
influence  in  keeping  alive  tlie  hope  ox  res- 
toration to  France.  To  Zabem  the  MNning 
of  the  Allied  armies  is  an  act  of  ddiver- 
ance,  for  it  had  suffered  more  tiian  any 
otiier  Alsatian  town  from  German  ftotoc- 
racy. 

VERBAL   ATROCITIES 

Speaking  of  "verlial  mix-ups,"  aa  r»-- 
coraed  in  a  recent  issue  of  The  Outlook, 
reminds  me  of  one  I  heard  in  u  small  town  in 
England.  My  husband  and  I  M'ere  motor- 
ing and  stopped  there  for  some  repairs. 
Some  children  were  pluying  in  the  street 
and  paid  no  attention  to  a  woman  who  wa^ 
calling  loudly  from  the  opposite  aide  for 
them  to  come  in.  Finallr  I  said,  "  Don't 
yon  hear  your  mother  calling  you '{" 

The  biggest  girl  answered  at  once.  •*  Her 
ain't  a-cMiin'  we.   Us  don't  belong  to  she." 

It  u  really  surprising  how  many  intelli- 
gent people  persist  in  saying  "  between  yon 
and  /"  mstead  of  "  between  Toa  and  me." 

A  friend  remarked  to  me  the  other  day, 
in  speaking  of  a  stranger  whom  she  had 
met,  "  Between  you  anf/,  her  granunar  is 
atrocious." 

It  was  difBcult  to  refrain  from  pointii^ 
oat  her  own  error. 

Mk8.  Edward  C.  Whitsuls. 

Oinsq,  Nova  Scotia. 


TAR   KETTLES    OF    1866 

Measures  taken  to  prevent  the  spread  of 
the  influenza  epidemic  recall  those  of  the 
days  following  the  Civil  War  when,  in 
1866-7  and  1^8,  a  plague  of  cholera  and 
yellow  fever  scourged  the  South. 

Abraham  Emo,  a  Civil  War  veteran  who 
in  1866  helped  combat  the  disease  in  Nadi- 
ville,  then  a  city  of  about  forty  tlioosand 
inhabitants,  relates  that  the  sanitary  reen- 
lations  introduced  by  General  Butler  during 
the  war  for  cleaning  up  New  Orleans  -were 
the  ones  adopted  by  the  Nashville  aatiior- 
ities.  All  possible  buildings  were  white- 
washed, quantities  of  carbolic  acid  were 
used,  and  the  streets  of  the  city  fumigated 
by  burning  kettles  of  crude  tar  hune  orer 
bonfires  built  at  Uie  corner  of  every  olock. 

The  war  having  closed  iu  1865,  all  volun- 
teers had  been  dischai-ged  and  only  the 
Regulars  retained  for  safety  and  protection 
against  guerrilla  warfare.  The  soldiers 
stationed  in  the  city  were  now  helpful  is 
carrying  out  civic  orders. 

For  a  time  they  took  charge  of  the  burial 
of  soldiers,  giving  them  a  military  funeral 
with  the  final  salute,  but  so  many  death» 
followed  that  they  were  obliged  to  dispense 
with  all  ceremony  and  give  their  atten- 
tion to  improving  the  condition  of  the  hv- 
ing.  The  plague  was  overcome  in  186S, 
atM>ut  which  time  the  Regulars  turned  their 
horses  over  to  the  Gevemment  and  left  for 
their  Northern  homes. 

To  any  of  the  survivors  to-day  a  whiff  of 
one  tar  kettle  brings  back  the  memory  of  a 
hundred  more.  Bessie  T.  Dejott. 

Etna  Mills,  CalifomiH. 

Digitized  by  VJWVJV  IV^ 


nis 


THE   OUTLOOK 


SSI 


Protected  With  Radiator  Insurance? 

DON'T  let  radiator  trouble  and  worry  interfere  with  your 
business  or  mar  your  pleasure.  Use  Johnson's  Freeze-Proof,  then  Forget 
there  is  such  a  thing  as  a  frozen  radiator.  Leave  your  radiator  uncovered  on  the 
coldest  day — ^leave  your  car  at  night  in  an  unheated  garage — It  Can't  Freeze, 

^yOHNSOWS  pREEZE-pROOF 

is  the  logical  anti-f reeze  preparation  to  use.    It  is  inexpensive— does  not  evap- 
orate— ^is  non-inflammable— easy  to  use — and  guaranteed. 


Does  Not  Evaporate 

Johnson's  Freeze-Proof  does  not  evaporate  or 
steam  so  one  application  is  sufficient  for  the 
whole  winter.  It  raises  the  boiling  p>oint  of 
water  20**  to  40" — chances  of  overheating  are 
reduced  correspondingly. 

Truck  and  fleet  owners  will  find  Johnspn's  Freeze-Proof 
a  great  time  and  money  saver.  Your  trucks  will  always 
be  on  the  job,  and  in  the  coldest  weather  it  will  be 
"Business  as  Usual"  for  you. 

Farmers  will  find  Johnson's  Freeze-Proof  a  utility  product — for 
automobiles — tractors— gaa  engines — trucks — and  electro  lighting 
and  heating  plants. 


Do  It  Now! 

Don't  wait  until  zero  weather  to  protect  your 
car.  Decide  now  to  use  Johnson's  Freeze-Proof 
purchase  your  supply  from  your  dealer  and  read 
and  follow  the  directions  carefully. 

A  little  time  s|ient  now  cleaning  the  radiator  and  putt- 
ing on  new  hose  connections  will  save  you  unlimited  time, 
trouble,  worry  and  expense  during  the  winter  months. 

One  package  will  protect  a  Ford  to  5°  below  zero,  and  two  pack- 
ages will  protect  a  Ford  to  50°  below  zero.  See  scale  on  pack- 
age. Cost  $1.50  per  package  in  U.  S.  A.  East  of  Rockies.  Get 
it  from  your  local  dealer. 


S.  C.  JOHNSON  &  SON,  Racine,  Wis. 


For  DeUvery  Cars 


For  Gas  Engines 


For  Trucks 


FiarTractorm 


552 


THE   OUTLOOK 


4  Deoember 


CHILDREN'S  READING 

BY  SIDONIE   MATZNER   GRUENBER6 

Antjior.of  "Som  and  Duwfaten,"  "  Your  Chad  To-U»y  and  To-Morrow,"  eto. 


THE  reetrtctioiiis  placed  upon  the  use 
of  labor  and  materials  by  the  various 
adiuinistrative-boards  may  have  re- 
duced the  nuinber  of  books  pub- 
lished during  the  war  and  until  after  the 
final  terms  of  peace  are  received.  But  there 
are  forces  at  work  in  the  opposite  direction ; 
the  war  has  produced  its  own  flood  of  "  lit- 
erature," and  the  returning  soldiers  promise 
to  add  to  the  output  For  not  only  is  this  the 
greatest  war  in  history,  it  involves  also  the 
uigest  number  of  men — and  women — con- 
scious of  something  to  say  and  of  a  fair 
facility  in  saying  it.  With  the  end  of  the 
war  it  becomes  urgent  that  popular  inter- 
est be  rapidly  developed  in  problems  of 
reconstruction,  if  only  to  save  us  from  the 
calamity  of  a  new  book  from  every  soldier 
and  nurse  and  commissioner.  Nevertheless 
there  are  war  books  of  real  and  of  enduring 
value  for  old  and  young. 

One  of  the  disappointing  features  of  the 
season's  juveniles  is  the  foilure  to  utilize 
war  facte  and  war  idealisms  in  a  more 
effective  and  more  realistic  manner.  The 
war  books  written  for  the  young  are  too 
frequently  stilted  and  artificial  to  the  last 
degree — as  stilted  and  artificial  as  the  juve- 
niles of  ante-bellum  days.  On  the  other 
hand,  a  number  of  the  books  written  by  men 
and  women  under  the  impulse  of  the  tense 
feelings  aroused  by  the  stirring  adventures 


of  the  war,  while  not  intended  for  children, 
are  so  simple  and  direct,  and,  above  all,  so 
rettl,  that  they  are  quite  within  the  reach  of 
younger  people.  Not  all  of  these,  to  be 
sure,  are  of  permanent  interest ;  but  most 
of  them  are  superior  to  the  juveniles  that 
have  the  single  virtue  of  timeliness. 

An  excellent  war  record  for  children  is 
the  series  by  Elizabeth  O'Neill,  devotins 
a  volume  to  each  year — 1914-16, 1916-lo^ 
and  so  on  (Stokes).  In  the  following  lists 
'Only  the  best  of  the  strictly  juvenile-  war 
booics.-are  included,  and  those  that  have 
more  than  -timely  interest  are  starred. 
Widi  these  ttre  a  number  published  in 
recent  years  that  are  of  .value  now  because 
the  interests  of  all  have  turned  to  foreign 
lands  and  peoples.  These  include  various 
histories,  stories  of  manners  and  customs 
and  fair^'.  tales  of  different  nations,  and 
informational  books  dealing  eisp6ciidly  with 
applied  science.  A  number  ot  these  books 
were  mentioned  in  the  lists  of  previous  years, 
but  still  remain  the  best  in  their  respective 
fields.  TVliile  the  war  has  done  so  much  to 
make  the  information  in  these  books — ex- 
cept the  fairy  tales ! — obsolescent,  it  has 
also  made  the  subject-matter  of  special  sig- 
nificance to  children. 

Tlie  books  likely  to  be  of  more  lasting 
value  among  those  written  for  adults  have 
also  been  starred. 


A  SELECTED  LIST  OF  BOOKS    FOR    THE   YOUNG 


WAR  BOOKS  FOR  CHUDRKN 

The  Advantnrea  o(  Araold  Ad«ir,  AowriMn  Ae«.    By 
iMuimaot  1»  Toaratte  Driggi.  Uttta,  Brown  A  Co., 
Boitau.  Sl^. 
AlMorbiug  adTtntaras  of  ■  fllor  on  tlx  wtatoni  f not ; 

tnn  to  the  eaeentW  (hU  of  eertd  waifue.    10-14. 

Oliver  Huciole,  V.  C.    By  Kaoott  Lynn.  K.  P.  Dntten 
&Co.,  S.T.    tlM. 
Stbring  end  taiteraeting,  thongh  fanpoMibla,  edTentorea  of 
u  Engiidi  youth  >t  the  Teiyo«atera<  the  whiileiru-.  10-14. 

Unele    Sam'i   Bojr  u  Wir.    By  Oeeu  Pheipe   Auittat. 
D.  Apiilatoa  A  Co.,  N.  T.  f  1.2S. 
"  Ao  Amerioeu  boy  eeee  the  Europeen  ver,"  tud  lauma 
a  gmt  dot!  (boot  mmiHioae,  tmoapoitetlon,  •ubmerinee, 
•nd  tnnobM.  13-ie. 

*Tbe  Wonder  o(  War  in  the  Air.  *The  Wonder  ol  War 
on  Land.  By  Fnucia  Rolt-Wtaeeier.    Lothrop,  Lee  A 
Hheiwd  Co.,  Boeton.  (1 .38  each. 
Reliable  daiotlptioua  ot  the  maohinery  and  atistegy  of 

modflvn  warfare,    faitereathigly  presented  in  story  form. 

10-14. 

*  A  Boy  of  Bmiei.  By  ftnlle  and  THa  CammaerU.  lUua- 
trated  by  Albert  Delrtanohe.  X.  P.  Dntton  &Co.,  N.  Y. 
$IM. 
A  atory  of  child  life  hi  Belgfaun  praoedhig  the  great  war, 

and  a  piotore  of  the  Oerman  tamakm.  8-12. 

The 


Belaian    Twine.    By  Lucy 
Houghton  lUflin  Co.,  Boaton.  fl.SS 


The    French  Twina^ 
ntoh  Perkina. 
each. 

The  aoooeaifal  portrayal  of  ahOd  life  In  "The  Eakimo 
Twins  "  la  continued,  but  colored  by  the  events  of  the  war. 
6-10. 

OTHBR  JTTVEOLBS  OF  TIMKLY  INTERMT 

*The  Story  of  the  United  Statca.  By  Marie  I..  Herdmaa. 

nhiatimted  by  A.  8.  Forteet. 
Our  laland  Story.  [England.]  By  B.E.  Marshall.  Dluatrated. 
An  Enmirc  Story.  [The  Britiah  Empire.]    By  H.  E.  Mar- 

F.  A.  Btokea  Co.,  N.  T.  <3  meh. 
Lnrge,  handaome  Tohimee,  faitereating  ;  attnctive  Ulna, 
tntiona.  10-14. 

'This  Coantrr  ol  Onra:     The   Story   of  the  United 
Statea.    Hiatorr  of  France.  Hiatory  of  Gemany. 
ByH.B.  Marahall.    O.  H.  Doran  Co.,  N.  Y.  t3.i>0<ach. 
Intereating,  well-written,  and  authentic  atoriea,   in  at- 
tractive voluniea.  niuatrated.  10-14. 

The  World's  Story :  \  Simple  History  lor  Boys  and 
Girls.  By  EUaabath  O'NeiU.  O.  P.  Pntaam'a  Sona, 
N.  T.  $2.?B. 

The  atocy  of  maa'a  life  told  hi  sfaapte  hraguage.  Ilfaia- 
tratad.  10-14. 


OOtr  jHtenilu  of  Timtl)/  iHlerett  (CoiHimutd) 

Children  of  Other  Landa  Scries : 
When  I  Waa  a  Boy  in  Belgioai.   By  Robert  Jcoek. 

heere. 

When  I  Waa  a  Boy  in  Rooaania.    By  Jamaa  8.  Tan 

Tealaar. 
When  I  Waa  a  Boy  in  Grecec.  By  George  Demetrioa. 
When  I  Waa  a  Boy  in  Paleatine.  ByMonaa  J.  Kaleel. 
When  I  Waa  a  Boy  in  Rnaaia.  By  Vladhnir  de  Bogon 
Mokrievitch. 

Lothrop,  Lee  &  Sbepard  Co.,  Beaton.  7Bo.  each. 
Authentic  biographiea  of  native  children  in  Uie  variooa 
coontiiea.  Theabove  are  of  moat  immediate  bitereat  hi  the 
aeriea.  lUuatiated.  10-lC. 

Pierrot,  Dog  of  Belgium.    By  Walter  A.  Dyer.    DoaUe- 
day.  Page  &  Co.,  Garden  City.  tl. 
Story  of  the  presmt  war  and  theiMeof  a  dog  la  dafednl- 
Ing  his  country.  10-14. 

Romancea  of  Reality  Scriea :    Eleetrieity.  Engineering. 
The  Man  of  War.    Modern  Invention.    The  Aero- 
plane. F.  A.  Btokea  Co.,  N.  Y.  ti  each. 
Hooka  of  aouiid  science  and  abaorbbig  hitereat.  °10-16. 

The    Boys'   Book  ol  Submarines.   By  A.  Fredeiiok  Col- 
Una.  6.  P.  Putnam's  Sons,  N.  Y.  >I.3S. 
RIator}-,  uses,  coustruction,  and  operation  of  aubmarinea 
and  aobmarine  chasers.  12-10. 

Englieh  Fairy  Book.  By  Emeet  Rhya. 
Iriah  Fairy  Book.  By  Alfred  Perdval  Oimvea. 
Seottiah  Fairy  Book.  By  Elizabeth  W.  Griereoa. 
Italian  Fairy  Book.  By  Anne  McDonaM. 
Hungarian  Fairy  Book.  By  Nindor  Foginy. 

F.  A.  Stokes  Co.,  N.  T.  •1.3B  each. 
Spanish  Fairy  Book.  By  Oertrudis  Segovia.   F.  A.  Bt<Aas 
Co.,  X.  Y.  $1.50. 
These  books  are  attractively  ninatiated  and  convey  the 
apirit  of  the  diflerent  peoples  with  great  fldelity.  8-12. 

Daniah  Fairy  Tales.  By  Ooatav  Hein.  T.  T.  Crawell  Co., 
N.T.  $1.50. 

Tnuialatfciaa  and  whole  makenip  hi  cfaaraetar.  10-14. 

Fairy  Talea  from  Flandera.  By  Jeaa  de  Bosachere.  Dodd, 
Mead  *  Co..  N.  Y.  t3. 
Old  tales  of  Flanders  and  Brabant  tiMt  are  still  being  told 
tothechOdnn.  8-12. 

The  Allies'  Fairy  Book.  lutroductian  by  Edmund  Goaae. 
ninatratkna  by  Arthur Backham.  J.  B.  Linntooott  Co., 
Phlla.  »1.7.-..  -n— >~~       . 

Moat  of  theee  talea  are  new  to  American  readers ;  aaleo- 
tioos  from  Japan,  Wales.  Belgium,  Ruaaia,  Portugal,  Ser- 
bia, and  Ireland.  Very  attractive.  10-14. 

(Cohtiiillt'it  OH  futrlt  .>.5.7) 


First  Important  ''Life 

'■  /    WRITTKK   WITH   AID  OF 

UEUT.^OL.  REQUIN 


f» 


or  Marslul  Foch's  Staff 


F 


OCH 

THE  MAN 

By  CLARA  E.  LAUGHLIN 

C  The  man  who  blasted  tha  way  to  World-Peac* 

C  A  Ufe-atory  of  fri-Hnating  interest.  . 

C  fiodoned  bt  French  Authoritiea. 

C  Gonuaaaded  aa  "  showiag  a  real  nDdarataading 

of  Foeh'l  eharaoter." 
C  First  Editioo  Ezhaoated  oo  Pablicatioa  Day  ! 
lUuUnled,  elcii,  Sl.OO  net 

HOUIAII  DtniCAll'S  mUL  UBIADOI  TALES 


Battles  Royal 
Down  North 


TwQ  VcU. 

Bdd, 
IttuttraUd 
fl.SS  act 


HONOBE 

wiLhsm 

$aid,  "  Tlubet 
tkort-aory  ioriter 
in  the  country"  . 
"  Battlee  Royal "  is  powarfol, 


Harbor  Tales 
Down  N<Mrth 


quaint,  and  marked 
teller's  art-  ~ 


tTMad,  ahnoat  fea 
"  Harbor  lUea," 


linila 
tragic  hiteoaity ;  the  other,  "  Barbor  %lea,"  ia  teaider. 
'  marked  by  that  tiipreola  qdBity  ot  the  atorr- 
unafWtadaf     "  ' 


lainpUoity. 


KEWEU  QWKHT  HILLB'  TWO  CONYICTIIIG  BOOKS 

The  Sot  ^  l^5r  •  Utoo"^ 

Two  books  oi  sraU  tatarast    ^^      


in  oomwotlon 

leiu   o<    PEACE.      WlMther 

In  the  camp  or  borne,  emy 


csn:f^^5PSj*~te  Atrocities 


oua  "  POTSDAM  GAHG  "  «*  MMa.  Wilignh.  aa. 
and  their  powerfnUy-wnxi^t  phase  IMM  tba  whole  wasM 
— whtcfaaUbntaooceededl ■^_ 

THOMAS  TIFLADrS  "SKT  ri||)T"  TAUS 

The  Soul  of     Two  hook. 


that 


Bot 


the  Soldier       Ja 

Clotk.  Jfrltl.ZS 
The  A'ortk  AnirHeOH    Tl  ^^  a 

aaya  of  theee  two  ao-      I  |\A  t  ^IVMMt    BT 
Sringwoikaon-Hie      »  »*C  V^l  VSO    4X1 

at      Adventure:**     ■■  ^t  - 

■°"X??j?dS:  ttie  rront 


fereutiatea     Tiplady'a  C/eM.    Nrl  11.00 

work  from  a  legion  o<  war  booka  that  have  gone  belcie.'' 

BOOKS  FOR  BOYS 

GRIT- A-  DILLON  WALLACE 

■T,  v.  *,,",  author  of  "  Ungava  Bob,**  etc..  ia  to 
PI  K  NTt  *>>•  '"»>  with  a  new  TUe  of  the 
^  l^Cai^  A  1  Labrador  Wild.  For  advotara  a^ 
Ttaliamof  the  moat  healthful  aortboyawill  OnditdiAoalt 
faideed  to  beat  thia  kteat  atory  from  the  sarrirh^  oosfaBka 
of  LeonMaa  Hubhani,  Jr.,  the  Lafendor  «xalorar.  lUmt. 
trated.    Xftll.Zi. 

UNCLE  JOE'SEJ*^A.Ste«r 

>   »^f^r^   ».  "^aothorcfOatheTia 

UNCOLN    -i!-d.^ar2^-5«:?r 

fluenoe  of  the  life  of  Abraham  Unoom  npoa  the  beys  of  a 


far-away  land.  Will  move  every  patriotic  AmeiieaB  to     _ 
leal  and  greater  aarvkje  t<Mlay.  lUfulmled.  Jfet  11.00. 

CAMERON  S?^  c..S«wn 

WMW     a  «.*w^  theaathorof  "nasBoy  Seoat 

ISLAND  Cmaoea,'*preaantaanewsliesf 

thJLsi^lll^  of  Adveoturaa    hi  the  Bo«h 

Saaa.  The  anoeeaa  ot "  Boy  Soout  Cmaoea  "  baa  fiiinMiiil  - 
the  bwentive  for  a  faai*iaHng  atory  of  adveBtnrea  whkh 
wm  keep  the  reader  apeUbaaad    nntO   the  hat  fgt  ia 
reached.  Illuttraled.  if et  81.25. 

AT  HIS  COUN-  AMET  LEE 

TRVSCALL     SrS^^ 

Gen.  8b:  R.  Badsa-FOwell  aya  :  "  It  ia  a  meet  txAt^ 
tot  boys  which  ahould  aronae  thedr  mdrft  of  patrkjtie  i 
aon."  lUtulraltid.  yet  $1.25. ^_^ 

Fleming  H. 

ReveD 

Company 

New  TaA  ISS  Mk  A 


Digitized  by  VjOOQlC 


1918 

A  SeUrttd  Lit  </  Books  for  the  Young  (Continued) 
FOR   OLDBR  BOT8  AND  GIRLS 

Eoropc.  1870-1914.  9f  WIUhb  Btonu  Diria,  WiAlui 
AadenoB,  and  Huoa  W.T)1er.    Centmr  Co.,  K.  Y. 
»1J». 
A  Tat7  raadkbia  mai  infonning  aooount  of  the  poUtial 

drrtlafmtiat*  rino*  the  rnnco-Pnimiwi  War.    Clear  and 

aathoitaUiTe. 

Cavalrr  of  lb*  Oowia.  By  CfMa  Ajau,  Bott.  M.C. 
DoabMay.  Face  A  Ck>.,  Oardio  City.  »!.-.&>. 
One  of  the  flntboolu  about  figbtiiig  bi  the  air.  I>epicts 
the  cUly  Ufe  ol  the  flyinc  oOcen  bi  France :  d  acribea 
henitan  modeatly  and  without  eza«geiatiaa,  yet  viviUly  and 
truthfully.  , 

•With  the  FlriM  SoBadroa.  By  BaraU  Rodier.  Introdoc- 
tkB by  ArnoIdBemiett.  MarmUlan  Co.,  N.  T.  Ci.'.^. 
Letters  from  an  bgUah  pOot  to  bia  fiunily.  In  ipite  of 
his  tender  jmn,  the  author  bad  a  mnaubably  mature  aenn 
of  leapooaibiHty  and  aober  oatlo<*.  "  He  diedM  work,  at  22 
yeBia."  An  faiapiiBttai  to  youth. 

*Hi«b  Advenlore.   By  Amea  Nonnan   Ball.    Houghton 
MUBlnCo.,  BoaMa.  91.60. 
Well-writteo,  t*"*"**^  adTentarasii<  an  American  airman ; 


THE   OUTLOOK 


553 


The  Firat  Handred  fhouawid.   All  In  It.    K  1  Carriee 
Oa.  By  lao  Bay  Baith.  Hao(btan  MiiBbi  Co.,  Borton. 
t\MmA. 
Tirid  and  lealiitio  aooooota,  full  of  humor  and  hnman 


Over  There  with  the  Aaatraliwa.  Bt  Captain  R.  Hugh 
Kinrett,  Anno  Boout.    Cbnriea  Sertbner'a  Sons,  h.  T. 
ilJiO. 
BrffliantiwnatiTe;  etory  of  AnetraUana*  part  hi  the  war 

froa  the  nnninal  an^  at  an  bitdligenoe  oCBcer. 

On:    Letter!  in  Wartime.    The    Glory  of  the 

-    -     ■      ■     -  -  •     -   neCo., N. 


*^. 


$l< 


'renebee.  By  Coningaby  Dawaon.  John  Lane  C 


.T. 


Inapiriiv  noorda  of  the  petf  oraaneee  and  emotiocia  ol  the 
soldier  hi  action.  Though  nnbued  with  lofty  aentimeat,  they 
wOl  appeal  to  the  young.  Bereal  a  magnanimoos  and  beroie 
mpMt. 

Prom  Bapanac  to  Paaachendwie.  By  Philip  Olbbe.  O.  H. 
DonnCo.,N.T.  t8.C0. 
Jonnaltalio,  bat  Thrid  and  •atboritatiTe.  "  A  okrityfaig 
panonunic  flew  of  the  wide  (weep  of  the  war  itaelf ,  knit  of 
•nnnmemble  doee^upa." 

Figktiat  Starvation  in  BsUium.   By  Teraon  Kellagg,  of 

the  Ccuuniarioa  for  the  BeUef  of  Belgium.    Doubleday, 

Pageft  Co.,  Garden  City.  tI.2S. 

Coodltiaiia  fai  Belgiam  before  and  after  the  bimioa,  and 

the  work  of  oiganiaed  telM,  taitioduofaig  Herbert  Boorer. 

Autbentie,  ^mpathetio,  and  tailaniinc,  aa  wdl  aa  faitereattaig. 

Tbs    Doeior'a    Part.    Br  Cot.  Jbmee  R.  Church,  M J>. 
I>.  Appletcn  &  Co.,  N.  T.  ti.GO. 
Tmtment  ot  the  wounded  mm ;  detsila  and  taiddenta. 
Work  a<  the  Red  Croaa  and  o<  other  rdief  agenciee. 

•Home  Fircaia  Fmee.  ByI>on>thyCanileld.  Heuty  Bolt 
ft  Co.,  N.  T.  $1.36. 
Short  atotlM  ot  Pnnob  Ufe  and  laoldent  in  the  regiao 
■wept  by  the  war. 

Piading  Thenaalvee:    The    Lsncra  oi    an    Amarioaa 
Chief  Nnrae  in  a  Brkiab  Hospital  in  France.  By 
Julia  C.  Sttnuon.  Maimillan  Co.,  K.T.  S1.2S. 
atoilea  ol  work  at  baaa  bcapltala,  etc..  eapedaUy  from 

the  vlew-pobit  of  the  imtie. 

FORMS  AMD  PICTUKK8  OF  TBE  WAR 

From  the  Froal.  CoDeetlan  of  86  Poeau.  D.  Apidetaa  ft 
Co.,N.¥.  •!. 
Baal  tnadi  Terae,  voicing  forth  the  aplritot  the  defeodera 
of  damooiacy. 

la  Flaadera'  Fields.  By  IJeut..CoL  John  McCrae.  O.  P. 
Pntimm'B  Bona,  M.  T.  $l.i6. 
Iiupfaing  poema,  full  of  Sae,  tender  aentiment. 

Poena  of  the  Great  War.   Selected  by  J.  W.  Cunllffe. 
M^.— nwn  Co.,  N.  T.  flJiO. 

Eioellsnt  oaOaction;    iwdodes  John   MamBeld,    Edith 
Wharton,  etc. 
Trcaaory  of  War  Poetry.  Houghton  HiflUn  Co.,  Beaten.  tC. 

A  very  totiiitslliig  ooilaotian  from  Kiplfaig,  Alfred  NoyM. 
Bnrert  Brooke,  and  mangr  otheia. 

The  Mnae  in  Arma.    Rdfted  by  E.  B.  Oebom.    F.  A. 
Btokee  Co.,  H.  T.  IB. 
A  well.amnged,  lepieeentatiTe  collection  of  war  poemi. 

Pradnwate  from  Fraaec.  By  Bmce  Bainutather.   G.  P. 
Putnam'B  Sena,  N.  T.  tl.iS. 
Sketchea  and  diawluga  depicting  the  humor  aiid  fiatboa  of 
the  aoUier'a  lite. 

Raaamckcra'e  Cartooa  Htatorr  of  the  War.  Compiled  by 
J.  MnmyAlliaaa.  Caatnry  Co..  N.  T.  »1  ..'<». 
Flret  of  the  aeriea  of  four  volume*  of  theM  fauioiia  nr 
diawinga  in  cbrondogieal  order.    Covers  the  8r*t  twelve 
taontbeof  the  war. 

Joeapb   Penaell'a  Pictures  ot  War  Work  in  England, 
la  AoMriea.  J.  B.  Lipptooott  Co.,  Fhila.  >l  ..Vi  Mwih. 
Striking  viewa,  with  coounente  by  the  artist,  of  the  Indus. 
tiM  aapeeta  ot  the  war*a  tremendoua  activities.   '*  As  im* 


Scribner  Gift  Books 


The  Great  Adventure 

PlTMMt  Otif  StaJit*  ■  AMricaa  NatianliHi 

By  Theodwre  Raosevelt 

*'  He  who  intelligcutlr  aiid  fur-iuindedly 
rasds  thi*  Tolnme  will  be  impreiwed  by  it« 
permaiient  valne,  sobriety,  lUM  delibenitioii 
at  thought  and  by  the  scope  of  its  visioo 
both  in  time  uid  in  pUce."— New  Yak 
Tribune.  91.00  net 

The  City  of  Trouble 

By  Mmti  Backumi 

"  A  book  which  has  not  been  snriMiiwcd  by 
any  other  on  its  snbjeet  for  viTaoity,  ^rm- 
pathy,  dramatic  fire  and  the  maf;io  of  artirtio 
expieaaion.  .  .  .  Touigeniff  hunaelf  could 
not  more  perfectly  lure  eintomised  the 
story  of  the  Ruasiaii  counter-revolution." — 
New  York  Tribune.  $1.33  net 

Soldier  Silhouettes  On  Our 

C..«.a4  lW|Ufi*6»€ri-eerf«Y.I.aA. 
front  WMfar  wiA  Ik  A.  E.  F. 

By  William  L  Stidger 

It  gives  what  the  parents,  sisters  and  wives 
«rf  those  at  the  front  have  long  craved— a 
look  into  the  very  heart  of  the  soldier. 

Illustrated.    J1.25  mrf 

KICHLY  ILLUSTRATED 

The  Valley  of  Democracy 

n*  PMpbMl  AdWitia*  •(  tks  IHMk  Wait 

By  MorediA  Nicbeisoii 

"  It  is  a  book  which  oonld  hare  been  writ- 
ten only  by  a  Westerner ;  and  it  is  a  book 
for  every  American— Westerner  and  Bast- 
enwr,  Northerner  and  Southerner — to  read, 
marie,  ponder,  and  inwardly  digest.  The 
bookis  well  thoiu^t  out,  well  planned,  and 
■well  written."— Professor  Brander  Mat- 
thews in  the  New  York  Times. 

lUustrtUions  by  Walter  Tittle.  $2.00  net 

OnOurHiU 

By  Josepliiiic  Daskam  Bacon 

Kate  Donglas  Wiggm  says:  "A  winsome, 
beguiling  bode  sprinkled  with  wit  ana 
learraed  with  wisdom.  ...  No  child's 
book  this,  but  one  with  a  flavor'all  its  own ; 
one  to  be  kept  doae  at  hand  and  i«ad  more 
thanonoe."  Illustrated.  92.00  iwf 

Byways  in  Southern  Tuscany 

By  KatiuuriBe  Hooker 

''''  Almoat  like  an  echo  from  the  mat  comes 
this  bscinating  Tolimie  on  the  'Bvways  in 
Southern  Tuscany.'  Charmingly  illnstrated 
with  sketches  in  black-and-white  and  photo- 
giaphs  in  half-tone.  Miss  Hooker's  impres- 
sions and  descriptions  of  .Southern  Tuscany 
makes  a  fascinating  appeal."  —  Boston 
2Va»»crij)<.  Jlhstratrtl.    ?;i.50  net 

In  the  Wilds  of  South  America 


Sis  Tsan  sf  Eisleraiiea  ia  CeleaUa.  Vs 
Gaiaaa.  Pen,  MMa,  Anaalias,  rarafaay  aaJ  Braril 

By  Leo  E.  Miller  "^'^n^IShu^"" 

It  is  a  wonderfully  iufomuitive.  impressive, 
and  often  thrilling  uHrrative  in  which  sar- 
ilea  and  all  but  unknown  aniniala 
re.which  fonus  an  infinitely  read- 
able book  and  one  of  rare  value. 
With  W/ult-paye  illustrations  and 
with  maps.    St. SO  net 


The  Plays  of  J.  M.  Barrie 

Richttrd  Burton  says :  "  There  is  hot  one 
Bairie,  and  his  name  ia  James  !  Blessed  is 
he  among  modem  authors,  and  twiee  blessed 
are  we  that  today  we  can  put  his  plays  into 
our  library  among  the  standard  volumes 
that  give  it  tone  and  attraction." 

Wkat  Eroy  Woauu  Knows  $1.00  net 
The  AAunUe  CriditM  S1..00  art 
Quality  Street  si<w net 

Echoes  of  the  War 

"  The  Old  Lady  Shows  Her  Madala,"  "  The 
New.Woid,"  '•  Barbara's  WeddiiK,"  and 
'  A  WeU-Remembered  Kiss. "       §\J&Onet 

Crosses  of  War 

By  Mary  R.  S.  Andrews 

Poems  of  war  and  patriotism  by  Mary  K> 

S.  Andrews,  the   author   of  the   famous 

Lincoln    story,   "The   Perfect   Tribute." 

TSorafs  net 

FICTION 

Simple  Souls 

By  John  Hastings  Tomer 

"  Well,  read  it,  and  read  it  again,  and  keep 
it  carefully  for  many  future  rereadings; 
and,  ideasej  be  just  a  little  grateful  to  the 
present  reviewer  for  directing  your  atten- 
tion to  one  of  the  authentic  raasterpieoes 
of  this  year's  fiction." — Willis  Fletcher 
Johnson,  in  the  New  York  Trt&UR<. 

91.3B  net 

Lovers  of  Louisana 

By  George  W.  CaUe 

"In  '  Lovers  of  Louisiana '  we  step  once 
more  upon  the  enchanted  ground  of -the 
ramaooer's  fancy.  For  loven  of  fine  ro- 
mance it  holds  not  a  dull  moment." — TTrr 
Bookman.  $1.M  net 

A  Runaway  Woman 

By  Loois  Dodge 

"  The  alluring  train  of  the  eternal  vagabond 
runs  through  it  all,  and  lends  witcherr  and 
idealism  to  the  scenes."  Philadelphia  JvcrtA 
American.  Mustrated.   $1.50  net 

FPU  Mors  AND  GIRLS 

The  Mysterious  Island 

By  Jnles  Verne 

llhaslratwiiacolarbyN.CWralk.  iiJOOnet 

The  Sandman's  Forest 

By  Louis  Dodge 

"  He  has  produced  a  boidc  for  children  that 
has  more  of  the  qualities  of  J.  M.  Barrie  at 
his  tenderest  than  anything  which  has  yet 
been  produced  in  America.  — PjUladeljMia 
Ledger,  With  colored  page  illustrations 

bf  Paul  Bransom.    $2.00  net 

The  Book  of  Bravery 

By  Henry  W.  Lanier 

Forty-five  stories  of  adventure  bn  land  and 
SMI,  of  soldiers,  explorers,  sailors,  and 
hunters — a  veritable  treasury 
for  boy  or  giri,  splendidly  iUoa- 
ttated.     Illustrated.  $2.00  ii«< 


CHARLES  SCRIBNER'S  SONS 


Digitized  by  VJWVJV  IV^ 


554 


THE  OUTLOOK 


4  December 


Tunafyt    AutkoritathM  I  Abtorbing! 

The  Most  Important  Palitical  History  of  the  Yeat 
Gives  the  Facts  Clearly  and  Impartially 

The  United  States  l  World  War 

By  JOHN   BACH    McMASTER 

Pnftisor  cf  Histery,  University  ef  Pettnsylvauia,  and  Author  of 
'•  The  History  of  the  Piople  of  the  United  StaUs,"  eU. 

Here,  almost  coincident  with  the  end  of  the  war,  is  the  book 
which  the  most  sanguine  did  not  expect  for  at  least  another 
year.  Here,  close  upon  the  events  it  records,  is  the  first  complete 
political  history  of  America's  part  in  the  war.  Not  a  collection 
of  articles — not  an  array  of  inanimate  statistics,  but  an  authentic, 
coherent  narrative  written  by  one  of  the  most  distinguished  living 
historians. 

The  work  deals  almost  exclusively  with  the  developments  in 
this  country  following  the  assassination  of  Archduke  Ferdinand. 
Professor  McMaster  shows  how  inevitably  we  were  drawn  into 
the  conflict.  He  discloses  the  methods  and  extent  of  the  German 
propaganda  in  the  United  States,  tells  of  the  treachery  of  Ger- 
many's officials,  discusses  the  submarine  campaign,  the  peace 
notes,  the  breaking  of  relations  and  our  declaration  of  war,  all  in 
the  light  of  authoritative  information. 

An  interesting  feature  of  the  book  is  that  describing  the  shifting 
attitude  of  Americans  towards  the  war  during  the  early  part.  There 
is  no  other  book  that  covers,  in  any  such  degree  of  comprehensive- 
ness or  interest,  the  political,  diplomatic  and  military  developments 
in  America  during  the  past  four  years.  There  can  be  no  other 
book  which  will  handle  so  tremendous  a  subject  more  satisfactorily 
or  more  completely  than  this  of  Professor  McMaster's.  "  It  must 
have  an  enviably  commanding  rank  among  the  permanent  records 
of  the  war." — New  York  Tribune.     8vo,  with  map.    $3.00  net. 


The  Writmg  and 
Reading  of  Verse 


Psychic  Tendencies 
of  Today 


ByCL.^RENCE   E.  ANDREWS  By  ALFRED   W.  MARTIN 


A  practical  discussion  of  the 
forms  use  in  the  writingof  English 
poetry  and  the  means  whereby 
various  metrical  and  emotional 
effects  are  obtained.  There  are 
many  definitions  and  examples 
and  a  sketch  of  the  developments 
of  all  the  important  forms  in 
modem  English.  Of  particular 
interest  are  the  chapters  on  vers 
libre  and  on  old  French  verse 
forms,  which  contain  much 
valuable  material  never  before 
collected.    8vo.    $2.00  net. 


Contending  that  modern  mate- 
rialism supports  the  belief  in  im- 
mortality. Dr.  Martin  discusses 
impartially  the  new  psychic  move- 
ments —  Spiritualism,  Psychic 
Research,  Theosophy,  Christian 
Science  and  New  Thought.  The 
book  is  constructive  throughout 
and  should  prove  of  value  to  all 
thinking  people  regardless  of 
their  faith  or  belief.  The  volume 
includes  a  study  of  Sir  Oliver 
Lodge's  book,  "Raymond. "  12mo. 
$1.50  net. 


These  are  ADpIeton  Books 

Published  by  D.  Appleton  &*  Company,  New  York,  and  For  Sale  at  all  Bookstores 


THE    NEW   BOOKS 

This  IVpartraent  will  inolnde  deacriptiTe  notes,  wuh 
or  without  brief  oonunenta,  abont  books  receirt)) 
by  The  (hitlook.  Many  of  the  impottant  books  will 
hiiTe  uiure  extended  and  critioal   treatment  latet 

FICTION 
Ashtoii-Kirk  CrlmlnoIOKlHt.  ~  By   John  T. 
Mi-Iiityre.    Illniitrated.    The  Penn  PnUishi^ 
CoiuiMuy,  Philadelphia.   il.Mi. 

Colette  Baudoche.  The  Story  of  a  Vooiik  Giil 
of  Metz.    By  Maurice  Bairis.   Tnuulation  and 
Foreword    by    Kntnces  Wilson    Huani.    TV 
Geoif^  11.  Doran  Company,  New  Yock.  ^XJitX 
Eyee   of   Asia  (Tbe).    By   Rndyard    Kipliac. 
Donbleday.  Page  &  Co.,  Gaiden  City.   ^I. 
Not   for  a  long  time  has  Mr.  Kiplim; 
written  anything  which  has  had  so  niarh 
of  tlie  old  clianu  of  his  early  tales  of  India 
as  is  found  in  these  fictitious  letterx  mp- 
posed  to  be  written  by  East  Indian  sokiien 
engaged  in  tlie  present  war  to  relatives  at 
home.    Some   are   from    France :   one  or 
more  from  an  English  hospital.    It  is  ex- 
ceedingly interesting  to  get  into  the  niiml, 
so  to  speak,  of  such  a  man,  and  to  see  the 
war  and  the  womlers  of  France  and  Eng- 
land   as   they    appear  to   him.    There  v 
humor   in  the   little   book;    there   is   also 
much  that  throws  light  on  the  loyalty  of 
the  Indian  soldier  to  the  Empire. 

I/angliinR  (iirl  (The).  JBy  Robert  W.  Cham- 
bers. I>.  .\ppleton  &  Co.,  New  York.  iWH. 

One  rejoices  to  find  that  in  this  tale  Mr.. 
Chambers  returns  to  the  lighter  vein  of 
writing  in  which  he  made  some  notable  sac- 
cesses  in  tlie  earlier  part  of  his  career  as  a 
novelist.  The  book  has  a  war  plot,  but  it  is 
essentiallv  gay  and  romantic  ui  its  situa- 
tions, talk,  and  cliaracters. 

Once  on  the  Summer  Kange.  By  PnuH-i< 
Hill.  Tbe  Macmillan  Company.  New  Tork. 
«l..'iO. 
The  romantic  flavor  of  the  title  hardly 
suggests  the  tense  dramatic  sitoataon  of  the 
novel.  The  action  takes  place  on  a  Mon- 
tana ranch,  but  the  people  and  the  plot  are 
far  remove<I  from  the  ordinary  "  WikI 
West "  romance.  The  feeling  is  sincere  antl 
moving.  The  quality  of  the  writing  is  dis- 
tinctive and  unusual.  In  the  nature  of  tbe 
tragedy  one  is  reminded  a  little  of  the  late 
Vauglm  Moody's  "  Great  Divide."  Out  ol 
the  tragedy  comes  the  serenity  of  accepted 
fate,  alUiough  not  the  commonplace  "  lutppy 
ending." 

Out  of  the   Silences.    By  Mary    K.    WaOer 
LittI)-.  Brown  <£  Co.,  Boston.    f'l.M. 

Miss  Waller  will  be  remembered  as  the 
author  of  that  exceedingly  popular  story 
"The  Woo<l-Clarver  of  *^LymiJus."  The 
present  novel  is  a  tale  of  Ufe  in  w«Mtem 
Canada  and  deals  lan^ely  with  the  advai- 
tures  of  a  boy  who  gains  knowledge  of  tke 
ways  of  the  Cree  Indians,  of  what  life 
means,  and  of  what  exists  outside  his  little 
circle  of  observation  from  a  qoaint  and 
wise  saddle-maker,  who  is  really  the  chief 
character  of  the  book.  In  the  end  tlie  boy 
finds  his  way  into  the  outside  world  and 
meets  with  love  and  success  through  the 
ideals  he  has  thus  absorbed. 

"Sharlnxs."  By  .Toseph  C.  Lincoln.  Dlastnted. 
D.  Appleton  &  Co.,  New  Tork.  SH-TO. 

"  Sluiviugg,"  otherwise  "Jed,"  sliort  for 
Jedidah,  is  the  one  and  only  live  character 
in  this  new  story  by  a  popular  writer,  wid> 
the  single  exception  of  a  delightful  little 
^rl.  Plot,  action,  and  people  might  all  be 
eliminated  and,  if  "  Snavmgs "  was  left, 
the  book  would  still  be  immensely  enjoy- 
able. Everybody  in  the  little  Cape  God 
village  where  "  Shavings  "  lived  considered 
him  queer  and  cranky,  but  he  was  in  fact 
wise,  sweet-natured,  and  so  keen  in  \m 
comments  on  bores  and  humbugs  tluU  hii> 

Digitized  by  VJWVJV  IV^ 


19)8 

Th,.  Ntw  Books  (CoHtiHueJ) 

fentle  irony  }>a88ed  haiinlessly  over  tlieir 
eads.  He  was  a  nuJier  of  toy  windmills 
and  toy  animals,  and  his  quaint  little  shop 
vraa  a  gathering-place  where  war  issues  and 
other  things  were  talked  of.  There  is  a 
doable  love  interest  in  the  story,  hat,  after 
all,  it  is  "  Shavings  "  that  makes  the  book 
amosing  and  clever. 

SUpper  John  of  the  Nimbus.  B;-  Raymond 
SloFarliind.  The  Maomillan  Company,  New 
York.   S1.90. 

A  lively,  exciting  story  of  Gloucester  and 
tbe  fishing  iMuiks.  It  will  hold  the  boy 
reader,  bat  it  is  well  adapted  also  to  the 
matore  reader  who  loves  a  tale  of  adventure. 

Tales  of  War.  By  Lord  Dnnsany.  Little,  Brown 
&  Co.,  Barton.  £1.25. 
Tlie  well-known  English  dramatist  who 
writes  these  sketches  nas  the  gift  of  true 
imagination.  Some  of  his  pictnres  of  war 
are  over-subtle,  but  it  is  always  worth  while 
to  read  them  carefully,  because  each  cul- 
minates in  a  vision  or  a  lesson  that  is  true. 
Lord  Dunsany  is  unsparine  in  his  exposure 
of  the  German  spirit  and  me  German  pur- 
pose, but  he  always  strikes  with  a  rapier, 
never  with  a  bluclgeon. 

'White  Nlshts,  and  Other  Stories.  By 
Fyodor  Dostoe-raky.  Translated  by  Constance 
Oamett.  The  Maiauillau  Company,  New  York. 

A  new  collection  of  short  stories  by  the 
famous  Russian  novelist  whose  leadership 
among  the  realists  of  fiction  is  undisputed. 

BOOKS  FOR  YOma  FOLKS 
After  They  Came  Out  of  the  Ark.  Told  and 
IHctnred  by  E.  Boyd  Smith.  6.  P.  Putnam's 
Sons,  New  York.    $2.S0. 
Book  of  Elves  and  Fairies  (The).  ForStoi^^ 
TelGng  and  Reading  Aloud,  and  for  the  Chil- 
dren's  Own    Raiding.     By  Frances  Jenkins 
Oloott.     Illnatrated.    Houghton  Mifflin  Com- 
pany, Boston.   $'2. 
Bojr   Who   Knew  What  the    Birds   Said 
fThe).    By  Padrwc  Colura.   lllnntrated.   The 
Macmillan  Company,  New  York.   Sl-90- 
Imaginative     children    will    like    these 
quaint   tales,   some   of  them   on  familiar 
themes,  like  "  The  King  of  All  Birds,"  and 
others  new  to  most  American  readers.  Tlie 
pictures  are  partictdarly  successful  in  catch- 
'  ing  the  author's  spirit. 

Canadian  Wonder  Tales.  By  Cyras  Macmil- 
lan. niustmted.  The  John  Lane  Company, 
New  York.  »4. 
This  book  should  interest  child  and 
grown-up  alike.  The  tales  recounted  in  it 
represent  the  folk-lore  of  various  parts  of 
Canada.  Many  of  the  stories,  we  are  told, 
are  still  reverently  believetl  by  the  Cana- 
dian Indians.  The  author  has  taken  them 
from  the  lips  of  living  people — stories 
handed  down  by  oral  tradition  from  some 
far-off  past.  They  are  mostly  animal  stories 
with  all  the  fascinating  features  of  magic, 
transformation,  articulate  speech,  from  the 
animals,  and  the  interchange  of  kindly  of- 
fices between  man  and  beast.  The  volume  is 
well  illustrated. 

X>atGh  Fairv  Tales  for  Toung  Folks.   By 

William  Hliot  Griffis.  The  'i'homas  Y.  Crowell 

Company,  New  York.   S1.25. 

A  sheaf  of  delightful  &iry  stories  from 

Hollaad,  which   abounds   in  legend  and 

child-lore.  These  are  cajntai  reading,  with 

drollneas  as  well  as  slyly  indicated  lessons 

of  courage,  thrift,  ana  sturdy  self-reliance. 

Enxllsh  Fairy  Tales.   Retold  bv  Flora  Annie 

otael.  lUmtnted.  The  Macmillan  Company, 

New  York.  92.90. 

Pamous  Pictures  of  Real   Animals.   By 

Lorinda  Mnnaon  Bryant.  Illustrated.  The  John 

Laae  Company,  New  York.   $1.S0. 

This  is  a  book  that  any  art  lover  who 

wishes  his  children  to  love  art  may  well 

own   and  treasure.  It  teUs  the  story  of 

animal  life  as  it  appears  in  art,  by  famous 


THE   OUTLOOK 

America's  Own 


555 


War  Book 


MY  COMPANY 

By  Captain  Carroll  Swan 

The  first  account  bv  an  American  o£Bcer  of  tlie  great  Allied  Victory  Drive 
and  of  the  splendid  part  played  by  American  liuU  in  the  German  defeat. 
Captain  Swan  of  the  Yankee  Division  tells  all  about  the  1>oys  under  his  com- 
mand, describing  their  exploits,  adventures,  evevv-^lay  lives  and  magnificent 
morale.  It's  a  thrilling  story  and  a  proud  record  of  pluck  and  efficiency.  Every 
American  should  read  it.  24  illustrations.    $1.50  net. 


Biography 


UFE  AND  LETTERS  OF  JOEL  CHANDLER  HARRIS 

By  JULIA  COUJEB  HARRIS.  "  The  author  hu  sohicvad  Bomethiiig  like  a  TniuUe  maateipieoe.  ...  It 
ia,  Indeed,  precisely  such  a  biography  aa  Harria  ought  to  have — a  Sttiug:  memorial  to  a  man  who  gave  muoh 
^adueas  to  the  world." — yew  York  Tribune,   nhutiated.  $3  JO  net. 


THE  LIFE  OF 
LAMARTINE 


Tlie  first  cam- 
In  an  J 


REMINISCENCES  OF 
LAFCADIO  HEARN 

By  BET8UK0  KOIZCia.  A  tl«*h,  vtrid  and  faiti- 
mate  portrait  of  Taf<^fc>  Heam  by  his  Japaiieea 
wife.    tl.OOnet. 

THE  EDUCATION   OF  HENRY  ADAMS 

An  AutobfMmphy,  with  Introduction  by  HKNRY  CABOT  LODGE.  "  One  of  tlie  most  entnndiiK  books  of 
theyauaoaoftheoeutury.  The  entcrtaminftutiidents,  dramatic  narrative,  simrUiiifr  wit,  uid  indeacribably  keen 
aualjnia of  biteraatti^  pencHwlitiea  Biake  it  a  veritable  treasure  bouae  of  joy,'" — .\'iv  York  Tribuuf..  96.00 net. 


By  H.  REMSE.V  WHTTEHOUBE, 
plete  life  of  the  great  French  pCMt 
language.   Ulufltrmted.'  'i  vols.  #10.00  net. 


War  Books 


THE  DEVELOPMENT  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES 

Ihr  MAX  FARHAND.  "  A  veiy  unusoal  book  .  .  .  soch  as  hss  not  hitherto  appeared  dealing  with  American 
hutoTT.  ...  A  delightfnl  book  to  rfsd,  and  a  moat  iUominating  aiid  iuitnictive  book  to  study." — Theodore 
Jlootrrell,  in  Tht  Outloot.  $1.90  net. 


SILVER  LINING 

By  R.  W,  F.  The  flnt  aooount  of  tbe  exparieooea  oi 
an  American  war  bride.  Every  word  rings  trae. 
00  cents  net. 


THE  DOCTOR  IN  WAR 

By  WOODS  Hl'TCHIN'SOK.  The  flnt  oooplete 
anthoritatiTe  aud  iioti-terhnioal  book  ou  the  medical 
Me  of  the  irar.    Profuaely  Oliutrated.  $2.30  net. 


FROM  "POILU"  TO  "YANK" 

By  WILUAM  TORKB  BTEVKNSON.   The  kteat  ambnkmoe  book,  written  with  all  the  tang  and  Titallty  ttet 
made  "  .\t  the  Front  in  a  KliTver  "  eo  popular.   Illuatimted.  fl.oUnet. 


-  MiaceUaneous ' 


THE  JOYS  OF  BEING  A  WOMAN 

By  WINIFRED  KIRKLAND.   **  Essays  written  with  such  decided  cliarm  ami  delicate  humor  that  they  osnnot 
fail  to  deUgbt."r-£'t//f niKTrf  .Su».   An  Ideal  gift  for  almost  aiiy  woraan.   ?l..V)uet. 


STEEP  TRAILS 

By  JOHN  HTTIR.  Borne  of  Slulr^a  best  writfaig  Is 
in  these  rivid  aocoonts  of  travel  aud  advMiture 
among    the    moontalns  <A    the  West.      Illustrated. 

13.00  net. 


SONGS  OF  MEN 

CompUed  by  ROBERT  FROTHlKOHAM.  A  unique 
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friendship  and  «iir.  Just  the  gift  for  a  man.  $l.'ir>n«t. 
Over-seas  edition  :f-'i  net. 


THE  RELIGION  OF  A  MAN  OF  LETTERS 

By  GILBERT   ITORRAT.    "  We  can  fanagine  no  better  kind  of  apiritiial  fortUcatioa  tor  theae 
—Chicago  Evening  Po^.    $1.00  net. 


Juveniles 


UNCLE  REMUS  RETURNS 


By  JOEL  OHAKDLKR    HARRIS.    Ten  newly  diicorerrd  Uurle  Remua  atoriea  allowing 
at  bia  funniest.  A  perfect  gift  for  children  of  every  age  aud  taste.   Dluatrated.  $I.X)nM, 


Br>r  Rablilt' 


THE  FRENCH  TWINS 


By  LUCT  FITCH  PERKINS.   The  bast  book  yet  hi  tbe  Twins  aerin,  delightfully  told  and  prfwratltig  i 

appealing  picture  of  tbe  children  in  tbe  war  looe.   Charmingly  iUnstrated.    91.'.^net« 


THE  TRAIL  BOOK 

By  HART  AUSTIN.  Jnst  tbe  gift  for  any  child  who 
likes  "  Tkfi  Jungle  Book."  Mito  Winter  oolor  pic 
tures.  (2.00  net. 


"I  AM  AN  AMERICAN" 

By  SARA  COVK  BRYANT.  TeUs  childmt  whr 
this  ahould  be  their  proudest  boast.  lUaatraled. 
fl.23  net. 


At  AH 


HOUGHTON  MIFFUN  CO. 

BOSTON  AND  NEW  YORK 


rawaJian  RapraaanlatiT* 
TlianMS  Allen.  Terenlo 


Digitized  by 


oogle 


556 


THE   OUTLOOK 


4  Oeeembrr 


War  Tone  *'Over  Here' 


By  Will- 

DMOt  ofUW  Al 


lien  KnUrht,  D.D.,  iuit$.«r  ct 
nQMit.   A  Kirrey  o<  the  develop- 


BIB  Ojitt  dnrioK  our  flnt  year  in  the 

wv.  Dr.  FieiJi  O.  nabody  of  Harnud  aya,  "No 
brief  Intel  yieUiUan  d  the  iMiMihiK  ol  theee  tncio  days 
U  more  jut,  atawanand  ra*erant/'  •!.».  Poatace  t  ota. 


Young  Men  and  Prayer 

By  ThomMi  0>  Rlchmrda.  The  author  dtea  many 


The  Winning  of  Rdicious  Liberty 

By  J.  H.  Crocker,  D.D.   A  biM  and  popular  Ua- 

tonr  0*  the  erolutlon -•—"-■ — "i---— ' —         •■    - 

fniilitlaii  rmtiirltn  i1 
FUfHaaandr 

Plrayers  and  Thanlagiving 


B  en>lntlan  ol  leHgioiu  liberty  (ram  the  earUeat 
Cmtarlea  doim  to  and  throoKh  the  period  of 
indPoiitana.  $IM.  Poalace  10  oenU. 


Aa  exi 


liiliiiiielliiii  h»iid««ita  abowiqc  the  attitude  ol  eminent 

■ — J  foUawa  theee  with  pcayera  for 

M  oeata. 


I  towaid  1 


nrara  pngrer, 

yoons  men  BidBe  nryins  drcumatancea. 
Poatace  S  eanti. 


The  Monday  Club  Sermons.  1919 

XUa  uwimI  Toloiiw  Of  the  Intonwtiouftl  Suudar  Sobool 
It  fully  up  to  Um  fltandud.  91^.  PoateRe  10  c«nU. 


The  Interpreter 


>lJMld«n.  I>.D.    A  ■•topHon 
haUtba 


By  W»»iai_.__   ^ _ 

ot  amamm  wliJA  are  tuaehr  and  narked  with 

Tigor  of  thought  eo  ofaumc^eristlc  of  thk  lete  leader 
among  giwt  thinkiin.  SLtW.  Poatage  IV  ocota. 

The  Christian  Approach  to  Islam 

By  JaiiifH  L,,  Barton,  D.l)..  Foreicn  >*«»c*y  of 
the  American  Board.  Probably  no  book  tliat  liaa 
been  publifihed  shuw»  a  clearer  tnniKht  into  th*;  iuitur« 
uf  the  toAk,  better  understand iiu;  of  wliat  i*  genuinely 
relt^oiiB  in  tlie  Mohammedan  faith  and  wontliip,  or 
more  wisdom  rtt^rdine  the  nipttioil  of  winning  a  svmpa* 
thetic  hearing  (or  tlie  uieAHUK^  of  (-'hriHtianity.  Aft  who 
are  iiitereetcd  in  Miiutiona,  or  in  thf  t*rvtwtit  develoi>- 
inent  of  afTairs  in  the  near  Vjkat,  will  And  thin  volume 
profitable  and  intensely  interentiut;  retiding.  f'J.OO. 
I'uataee  15  cents. 

The  Christian  Idea  in  the 
Modem  World 

Bt  Raymond  Oalklna,  n.D.  "  Thia  book  ought 
to  And  a  wna  olrole  of  reuer*  fur  It  ia  cluifyliig  to 
thought.  ttmeiT  in  Ito  propoaiUona,  aud  is  one  of  the 
flneat  pieoea  oc  w»r  Hterature  that  baa  y*' 
AmniSr-rSe  BWical  World,  Chicago. 
ageToenta. 


wu,  Htora£ure^t%t,haa  yet  Mmsared  fat 
K»i._  •  »    ■■   Am.  $f.».    Pcet> 


r — _  , bo(A  dealraed  tor  daityd»- 

wttonl  nadhig  hfOM  author  oPckNiet  and  Altar, " 
akraady  ao  Caroffably  known.  91*35.  Postage  5  oeota. 

The  American  Girl  and  Her 
Community 

By  Marijar*'!  Slattery.  "Tlie  next  generation 
will  niM'tl,  more  than  any  other  for  ceutnrien  luM  needed, 
atrDiiK.  eanieitt,  ('hrititian  Womanhood.  On  a  thonaand 
liillH.  hidden  in  countleiw  foreHta,  and  on  wide  prairiea, 
that  wonianlioo<l  in  now  twin^  marred  or  iniule — it  is  for 
the  thinking  Ameri«:^an  man  and  woman  of  today  to 
det'ide  «hicli."  This  i«  a  book  for  everyone  who  in  in- 
tere«UHi  ill  making  the  Ameriran  ^irl  a  finer  woman  and 
the  oominunity  a  better  pLve  in  which  to  live.  $1.^5- 
I'ontafce  ID  centii. 

The  Jolly  Shipleys 

By  Elisabeth  Prloe.  A  neighborhood  atory  ae 
naitnzml  and  ao  ioUy  uiat  vnrr  young  girl  from  ton  up 
toboondtoenloytt.  lUuetnted.  tlTaT  Poatage  6  centa. 

The  Outdoor  Story  Book 

By  C»rolrn  Sherwin  Bailey,  author  of  "  Btoriea 
for  Dnnday  Telling,**  etc.  l%e  atoriaa  are  Tery  ahort. 
and  each  ooa  helpa  lltUe  ehildren  to  feel  a  apecml  com- 
ndadilp  with  nature.  91.00.  Poatage  7  oenta. 

Star  Stories  for  Little  Folks 

By  Qertrade  Chandler  Warner.  ThrooKh 
enteitaaiiac  Bttle  atoilaa  written  arooDd  the  Taihma 
oonatellatiocia,  dhildren  an  awakened  to  a  Hre  Intervet 
In  aatrmomy.  Uhutrated.  Wcenta.  Poatace  S  cent*. 

The  Surprise  Book 

By  Patten  Beard,  anlhor  of  "Ibe  Blue  Blid'a 
Oaraen."  etc.  A  olerer  atory  of  a  Utile  clrl  who  oiaatea 
a  acjmp-book  from  atoriea  whloh  ahe  eapeolally  nkeo  and 
which  erery  reeder  ia  bound  to  like  quite  ■•  well.  lUua- 
trated.  tt.W.  Poabice  7  oenta. 


14B«acea  St, 
Boataa 


The  Pilgrim  Press 


1*  We 


St.. 


The  New  BtxJa  (Confinunf) 
pictures  andscolptare,  with  a  running  com- 
ment of  text  thjtt  is  simple,  dignifie<l,  and 
delightful. 

Onoe  Upon  a  Time  Animal  Stories.  By 
Oaralyn  Sherwin  Bailey.  DlustiHted.  The 
Milton  Btadlky  Company,  Springifielil,  Mitas, 
Pbillp  Kenc  In  the  Upper  School.  By 
Trnztnn  Hare.  Dlnitnted.  l^ie  Penn  Pnb- 
lishingr  Company,  Philadelphia.  $l.;<.i. 
Poet  of  Honour  (The).  Stories  of  Daring  Deada 
Done  by  Men  ot  the  British  Kiupire  in  the 
Great  War.  Told  by  Bicharrl  Wilson.  Qlna- 
troted.  E.  P.  Dntton  &Co.,  New  York.  S1.2S. 

;8anflnuui*a  Forest  (The).  A  Sto^  for  Large 
Peteoni  to  Bead  to  t^nall  Persona.  By  Lonia 
Dodge,  ninatiated.  Charles  Soribner's  Sons, 
New  York.   $2. 

Spanish  Fairy  Book  (The).  (Cuentos  de 
Hadas.)  By  Gertmdis  Segoria.  Translated 
by  Elisabeth  Vernon  Quinn.  Ulnstiated.  The 
Frederick  A.  Stokes  Company,  New  York. 
«11.50. 

Three  Oajrs  at  the  Old  Farm  (The).  By 
Ethel  C.  Brown.  lUnstrated.  The  Penn  Pub- 
lishing Company,  Philadelphia.  $1. 

Trail  Book  (The^.  By  Mary  Austin,  niastrated. 
HoDghton  Mifflin  Company,  Boston.  92. 
The  stuffed  animals  and  the  wax  figures 
in  a  moseam  come  to  life  and  tell  about 
their  lives  to  two  imaginative  children. 
The  mastodon,  the  puma,  tlie  coyote,  and 
the  Indians  and  the  mound-builders  all 
here  recount  their  history  in  stirring  narra- 
tive. There  are  some  hard  names  like 
Tse-tse-yote  and  Ong^atasoe,  but  these  the 
children  can  easily  skip  in  tiieir  eager  chase 
for  the  "story." 

Trail  of  the  ClOTen  Foot  (The).  By  A.  Hyatt 
VerriU.  niaatmted.  B.  P.  Dntton  &  Co.,  New 
Yoric  $1.60. 

A  thrilling  stor^  of  the  adventures  of 
American  boys  in  Central  America.  A  lost 
gold  mine  and  the  search  for  it  furnish  the 
opportnnify  for  courage  and  endurance. 


Mr.  Yerrill  knows  Costa  Rica  and  Panama 

thoroughly. 

Tnrqaoise  Story  Book  (The).  Stories  and 
Legends  of  Snmmer  and  Nature.  Compiled  by 
Ada  M.  ?$kinner  and  Eleanor  L.  Skinner.  Dnf- 
6eld  &  Co.,  New  York.  81.73. 

What-Happened-Then  Stories.  By  Rnth  O. 
Dyer.  lUnstrated.  The  Lothrop,  Lee  &  Shep- 
aid  Company,  Boston.   $1.35. 

BIOORAPHT 
FarAwar  and  Ijong  Aso.  By  W.  H.  Hndson. 
E.  P.  Dntton  4  Co.,  New  York.  *2.30. 
Mr.  Hudson,  whose  books  of  fiction  and 
of  nature  study  have  long  been  admired  by 
a  discriminating,  if  not  a  very  large,  body 
of  readers,  gives  us  here  a  retrospect  of  his 
life,  and  especially  of  his  early  <Uys,  writ- 
ten with  charm  and  gentle  simplicity.  He 
was  bom  and  live<l  for  a  loiip^  time  in  the 
pampas  region  of  South  America.  Because 
of  the  loneliness  of  the  country  his  mind 
naturally  turned  when  he  was  a  mere  child 
to  observation  of  nature.  He  loved  birds 
and  trees,  and  he  talks  about  them  and 
about  the  few  people  he  saw  with  poetic 
feeling.  The  book  deserves  a  place  on  any 
shelf  of  biography  alongside  "  The  Stor}' 
of  My  Heart,'^  by  the  English  naturalist 
Richard  Jefferies. 

Georges  Ouynemer,  Knight  of  the  Air. 
By  Henry  Bordeaux.  Blustrated.  Transited 
by  Lonise  Morgan  Sill.  Introdnotion  by  Theo- 
dore Roosevelt.  Yale  University  FVess,  New 
Haven,   fl.m. 

Recollections  of  a  Russian  Diplomat.  Bv 

Engene  de  Schelking.    Illustrated.    The  Mac- 
miUan  Company,  New  York.  $2.30, 

Perhaps  never  before  has  attention  been 
turned  more  to  the  past,  e8i>ecially  to  tlie 
recent  past,  tlian  in  these  times  when  we 
are  so  thoroughly  living  in  the  preteut. 
This  is  particularly  true  of  personal  remi- 
niscences.  Tlie  present  collection  of  such 


reminiscences  is  worth  reading  because  it 
describes  what  the  author  calls  "  The  Sui- 
cide of  Monarchies."  It  has  special  refers 
ence  to  Nicholas  II  and  WiUiaiu  IL  The 
author  was  well  aeqaainted  with  theM 
characters,  and  is  ruthless  in  exposing  Aeir 
weaknesses.  The  feebleness  of  NwholM 
eliminated  the  Romanoffs  from  the  duone, 
and  the  author  prophesies  that  "  the  inaai. 
sate,  egoistical,  and  dynastic  poUcy  of  TVlll- 
iam  will  inevitably  diminate  the  Hohen- 
zollems  from  among  the  monarchies."  Hie 
prophecy  seems  already  to  have  been  ful- 

MUBic,  rAisnsa,  and  othkb  abtb 
Face  to  Face  with  Great  Mnsinlans.  Bj 

Charies  D.  Isaacson.   IntrodnetiaB  by  LeopoU 

(}odowsky.    Booi   A    Liveright,    New    '^otk. 

$1J0. 
How  to  Sing  a  Song.  By  Yvetta  Onilbert.  b- 

trodnotion  by  Claytoa  Haniiltan.   lUaatrated. 

The  Manmillan  C<nnpany,  New  York.  $2. 
Yvette  Gnilbert  is  a  name  to  oonjnre 
with.  Her  peculiarly  dramatic  inteipieU- 
tion  has  won  for  her  a  place  all  her  own. 
The  present  volume  gives  us  an  idea  of 
her  penetrating  faculties  of  observation  and 
sympathy  as  well  as  what  it  means  to  per- 
rect  the  technique  of  an  art.  The  book  will 
doubtless  have  the  greater  readine  beeaoie 
much  of  it,  unoonsciooaly,  is  aatomogiaph- 
icaL 

msTORT.  FOUTiCAL  xcoMoiiT.  Asv  pouna 
Asia  Minor.  By  Walter  A.  Hawley.  Dlnstnted. 

The  John  Lane  Company,  New  York.    S3J0. 

The  publication  of  this  weUprinted  and 
illustrated  volnme  is  timely.  Hardly  a  day 
passes  but  what  one  hears  the  question : 
In  just  what  part  of  Asia  Minor  will  the 
Turks  retire  after  they  are  expefled  from 
Europe  ?  Mr.  Hawley  indicates  the  r^on 
in  a  book  which  describee  Asia  Minor  mm 
the  Sea  of  Marmora  and  the  Black  Sea  to 
the  Mediterranean  coast  and  the  ISttite 
ruins.  While  the  book  will  be  particulariy 
interesting  to  the  archaeologist  or  to  the 
Bible  student  who  would  know  more  about 
the  cities  of  tlie  "Seven  Chorehes  of 
Asia,"  it  will  also  interest  the  student  of 
current  events,  especially  in  conneetioii 
with  the  reading  of  Mr.  Schreiner's  nunc 
vivacious  book, ''From  Berlin  to  Bagdad." 

Modem  and  Contemporary  Ehuopeaa 
History.  By  J.  Salwyn  Sehapoo,  Ph.D. 
Honghton  Mifflin  Convaay,  Beaton.    93JS0. 

These  are  days  of  history  making.  But 
by  the  same  token  these  ought  to  be  days 
ot  history  reading.  The  period  which  bceaa 
with  the  Battle  of  Waterloo  and  ia  enmog 
with  the  present  world  war  constitntH 
modem  history.  In  his  task  the  historiaa 
has  certainly  nad  the  Embarrassment  of 
riches.  His  work  shows  a  fine  sense  of  selec- 
tion. An  informative  appendix,  a  very  rick 
bibliography,  and  an  ample  index  add  moeb 
to  the  volume's  value. 

Regnlatlon  of  Railways.  luelndiiv  a  Diana 
sion  of  GoTemment  Ownership  Veraoa  Gemra- 
ment  Control,  By  Samuel  0.  Donn.  D.  Apfle- 
ton  &  Co.,  New  York.  S1.75. 

Safe  and  Unsafe  Democracy.  A  Caauneataiy 
on  Political  Administration  in  the  Aiiairas 
Commonwealths.  By  Henry  Ware  Jones.  The 
Hiomas  Y.  Crawell  Company,  New  Yoik  tS. 

Social  Democracy  Ebqtiained.  Tbeaan  aad 
Taotios  of  Modem  Sooialisni.  By  Jolm  Spaigo. 
Harper  &  Brothers,  New  York.    $1JS0. 

Social  Process.  By  Charles  Hintoa  Cook<. 
Charies  Soribner's  Sons,  New  York.  93. 

Spirit  Liake  Massacre  (The).  By  Thamm 
Teakle.  The  State  Hiatoneal  Sooiety  of  Iowa. 
Iowa  City. 

This  creditable  example  of  book-makiK 
from  an  Iowa  press  will  be  welcome  to  aU 
lowans  interested  in  the  history  of  their 
great  State.  It  teUs  in  minute  detail  the 
story  of  a  melancholy  cliapter  in  the  win- 
ning of  the  West  from  the  aborigines.  It  is 

Digitized  by  VJ\^»^V  IV^ 


1918 


THE  OUTLOOK 


557 


Tke  New  Bookt  (CoMinued) 
interesting  to  know  that  one  witness  of  the 
nisssacre,  a  child  at  tiie  tiine,  still  survives, 
and  that  in  the  original  log  cabin  of  her 
parenta  the  visitor  may  to-day  hear  from 
her  the  story  of  those  dark  days  of  1857. 

Underataadlng  South  America.  By  Clayton 
Sedgriok  Cooper.  Illiutnted.  The  George  H. 
Dontn  Company,  New  Tork.  $2. 

To  most  of  OS  North  Americans  Latin 
America  is  still  an  unknown  country. 
Queer  prejudices  obtain  with  regard  to  the 
great  region  to  the  south  of  ns.  They  ob- 
tain not  only  here  but  in  Europe— we  nave 
had  recendy  German  testimony  to  the  &ct 
that  the  Latin- Americans  were  "thinly 
veiled  Indians."  A  book  like  Mr.  Cooper  s 
should  set  us  right  about  a  number  of 
things.  Indeed,  it  may  show  us  that  some 
Soaui  Americans  are  superior  to  some 
North  Americans,  both  as  to  ideals  of  liv- 
ing and  as  to  manner  of  life  in  generaL 
We  should  not  jndg^  foreign  nations  so 
mneh  according  to  intolerant  standards. 
After  all,  the  world  is  one  and  "  we  are 
members  one  of  another." 

POKFRT 

Songs  from  the  Trenches :  The  Seal  of 
the  A.  E.  F.  A  Colleodon  of  Vene  by  Anieri- 
ou  Soldiers  in  France  Broof^t  Tosether  by 
Herbert  Adams  Oibbona.  Harper  &  Brothers, 
New  York.  $1.25. 

ESSAYS  Ain>  CRITICISM 
Anglo-IrUh  ElssayB.  By  John  'Effiatim.    The 

John  Lane  Company,  New  Tork.  $1.33. 
Appreciations  and    Depreciations.    Irish 

literary  Studies.    By  Ernest  A.  Boyd.  The 

John  Lane  Company,  New  York.  $1.33. 
Earopean   Dramatists.    B;r  Archibald  Hen- 
derson. The  Stewart  &  Kidd  Company,  Cin- 

mnnsti.  S2. 
Golden  Milestone  (The).  By  F.  W.  Boreham. 

The  Abii«don  Press,  New  York.  $1.26. 
Hive  (The).    By  Will  Levington  Comfort.    The 

George  H.  Dorsn  Company,  New  York.  $1.00. 
Lighted  Windows.  By  l>r.  Frank  Crane.  The 

John  Lane  Company,  New  York.    $1.25. 

ge  of  Life  (The).   By  F.  W.  Boreham. 
e  Abingdon  Press,  New  York.  $1.25. 
Motives  in  Knglish  Fiction.  By  Robert  Nay- 

kr  Whitefoid,  Ph.D.    Q.  P.  I'ntnam'B  Son^ 

New  York.  $2. 
Silver    Shadow    (The),   and    Other    Day 

Dreams.  By  F.  W.  Boreham.  The  Abingdon 

Pre«h  New  York.   $1.25. 
Women  and  the  French  Tradition.    By 

Florence  Leftwich  Ravenel.   Dlnstrated.  The 

Macmillan  Company,  New  York.   $1.50. 

RSUOION  AHD  PBtLOBOPHT 
Jewish  Tbeologj-  Systematically  and  His- 
torically Oonslaered.  By  Dr.  K.  Kohler. 
The  Macmillan  Company,  New  York.    $2.50. 
The   author  has   been  for  many  years 
President  of  Hebrew  tJnion  College,  Cin- 
cinnati.  The  book  is  the  pioneer  work  in 
English  on  its  subject    Covering  the  whole 
ground  of  Jewish  belief,  it  stands  for  pro- 
gressive Judaism.   It  rerards  Revelation  as 
"  a  continuous  force  in  soaping  and  reshap- 
ing the  Jewish  faith."  In  free  criticism  of  the 
Hebrew  Scriptures  it  is  abreast  of  its  most 
advanced  Christian  compeers.    Its  wide 
divergence  from  them  appears  in  its  treat- 
ment of  the  Christian  Scriptures.   Here  it 
sides  with  non-Christian   extremists  who 
reduce  Christoloey  to  mytliology.    It  con- 
fesses, "  nevertheless,"  that  Judaism  could 
never  have  achieved  for  the  heathen  world 
what  Christianitv  accomplished,  "enrich- 
ing life   in   all  directions "  and  "  leading 
civilization  forward  toward  id««ls  ^ichit 
will  take  centuries  to  realize." 
Shorter  Bible  (The)— The  New  Testament. 
Translated  and  Arranged  by  Charles  Faster 
Kent,  with  the  Collaboratioa  of  Charles  Cutler 
Torrey,  Henry  A.  .Sherman,  Frederick  Huris, 
aod  Ethel  Cntler.  Charles  ficribner's  Sons,  New 
York.    191«.  $1. 

This  book  is  not  a  shorter  New  Testa- 
ment.   It  is  a  rearranged  New  Testament. 


Notable  Doran  Books  1918 


^iSi 


•• 


AND  THEY  THOUGHT  WE  WOULDN'T  FIGHT" 

r  Floyd  Gibbons 

The  first  great  story  of  the  American  Expeditionary  Forces,  apanoramic  picture 
by  the  famous  correspondent  wounded  in  action  at  Chateau-Thierry. 
.^»^.  s^..  »«.    —  _  niustrated.    Net.  I2.M 

JOYCE  KIL—ER;  Poems.  Essay  and  Letters 

With  a  Memoir.    Collected  memorial  edition  of  the  representative  work  in  various 
fields.    Much  new  material.    The  letters  are  of  great  fragrance  and  charm. 
Unusual  portraits.  Two  vols.    8vo.  Net,  |5.M 

OUT  OF  THE  SHADOW  Rose  Cohen 

An  authentic  romance  of  the  miraculous  spiritual  Americanization  of  the  alien, 
a  work  of  consummate  unconscious  art  by  a  Russian  emigrant  girL  Illustrations 
by  Walter  Jack  Duncan.  gvo.    Net,  $2.00 

HISTORIC  SHRINES  OF  AMERICA  John  T,  Paris 

The  symbols^ouruuw:  the  landmark^l^America's  story  in  statesmanship, 
in  war,  and  in  literature.  Illustrated  with  photographs.  Historical  accuracy,  rich 
lore  and  legend.  gvo.    Net,  $3.50 

THE  CLORYOFTHE  COMINC;  What  Mine  Eyes  Have 
Seen  of  Amerioans  at  the  Front  Irvin  S.  Cobb 

Just  returned  from  the  Western  Front,  Mr.  Cobb  here  tells  the  story  of  the  Grand 
Army  of  the  free  peoples,  presaging  the  victory  just  won.        12mo.    Net,  |L7S 

THE  STORY  OF  THE  SUN:  1833«19I8  FrankM.  O'Brien 

Introduction  by  Edward  Page  Mitchell,  Editor  of  the  Bun.  As  rich,  colorful,  and 
racy  a  picture  of  the  development  of  the  American  scene  as  could  possibly  come 
to  hand.  lUustrated.    8vo.    Net,  $SM 

A  BOOK  OF  REMARKABLE  CRIMINALS  H.  B,  Irving 

A  fascinating  presentation  of  one  of  the  most  extraordinary  aspects  of  human 
nature,  by  an  acute  and  enthusiastic  criminologist  and  a  brilliant  writer. 

8vo.    N«t,|2.M 

WALKING-STICK  PAPERS  Robert  Cortes  HolKday 

''There  are  more  laughs  in  this  book  than  in  anything  I  have  read  for  four  years." 
—Meredith  Nicholson.    "Altogether  charming."— New  Yoric  TUnei.         Net,  $1.50 

SUCH  NONSENSE;  A  Unique  Anthology  of  Wit  and 
Nonsense  Carolyn  Wells 

CuoIy^WeUsra  wit  with  the  genius  to  discover  the  best  of  the  wit  of  others^ 
has  here  assembled  much  of  the  freshest,  most  sparkling  nonsense  of  recent 
years.    Illustrations  by  Peter  Newell,  Gellett  Burgess  and  others.        Net,  |2.M 

ECHOES  AND  REALITIES  Walter  Prichard  Eaton 

Human  and  real  poems  by  one  of  our  foremost  American  writers.  Subjects  vary 
from  New  England  to  Washington  Square. 12mo.    Net,  |1.5> 

FICTION 

THE  PRETTY  LADY 

Arnold  Bennett 

The  most  discussed  novel  of  the  day 
on  both  sides  of  the  Atlantic. 

Net,  $1.50 

THE  AHWAZINC  INTERLUDE 


A    humorously 
wcinenkind. 


Mary  Roberts  Rinehart 

The  opinion  is  unanimous — ^far  and 
away  this  immensely  popular  author's 
finest  book.  Net,  $1.50 

THE  ISLAND  HWYSTERY 

G.  A.  Birmingham 

"The  treatment  is  pure  Birmingham- 
esque,  in  the  famihar  vein  of  'Span* 
ish   Gold'."- T*«  Sptetator. 

12mo.    Net,  |L50 
THE  CLUTCH  OF 

6mCUMSTAW6fe 

Marjorie  Benton  Cooke 

A  mystery  story  of  rapid-fire  inter- 
est, by  the  author  of  "Bambi." 

12mo.    Net,  $1.25 


THE  YOUNC  DIANA 

Marie  CorelU 

realistic    romance    of 
12mo.    Net,  $l.St 

THE  SOUL  OF  SUSAN 

YELLAM       Horace  A.  Vachett 

Another  and  better  "Fishpingle"  story. 
12mo.    Net,  $1.50 

TWENTY-THREE  AND  A 
HALF  HOURS'  LEAVE 

Mary  Roberts  Rinehart 

A  delightful  book  for  mothers  to  send 
to  soldier  sons.  Net,  $0.6$ 

WILD  APPLES 

By  th*  Author  of  "Thm  Straight  Road" 

"A  portrayal  of  heroic  young  man- 
hood such  as  we  have  not  seen  sur- 
passed in  all  our  range  of  fiction." — 
N.  Y.  Trilmtu.  12mo.    Net,  $1.50 


GEORGE  H.  DORAN  COMPANY      ;.•     Publishers 

PUBLISHERS     IN     AMERICA     FOR     HODDER     * 


t:     New  York 

STOUCHTOIt 


Digitized  by 


Google 


558 


THE   OUTLOOK 


4  Decembrr 


GOOD 'BOOKS 

Give  a  good  book  at  Christinas  time  and  you  give  a  part  of  the  author, 
a  part  of  yourself  and  you  take  option,  as  it  were,  on  the  leisure  of  the 
one  who  is  to  read  it.  Therefore,  select  gift  books  with  care.  A  cata- 
log of  The  Abingdon  Press  will  be  of  considerable  help  to  you. 


THE  CLEAN  SWORD 

By  Lynn  Harold  Hough 

A  book  which  gets  down  to  the  funda- 
mental principles  involved  in  the  use 
of  force,  and  to  their  relation  to  Chris- 
tianity. History,  philosophy,  theology. 
Biblical  interpretation  and  the  whole 
field  of  human  struggle  in  the  progress 
of  civilization  are  brought  to  bear  on 
the  eluddadon  of  this  theme. 

212fagtj.    Cloth.    N*t,Sl.OO,ptitpmd. 

ON  THE  MANUSCRIPTS  OP  GOD 

Bf  Ellin  Burns  Sherman 

"The  number  of  delightful  things  that 
this  author  sees,  hears  and  smells  in 
nature  is  simply  wonderful.  The  chap- 
ter on  Writ  m  Water  is  a  prose  poem 
of  great  beauty  and  all  the  chapters 
.  show  a.deep  insight  and  the  power  of 
discriminating  and  delicate  expression." 

— 2^/  BetUH  Transcript. 

firtmtitpiea.    I84pagti.    Chth. 

Ktt,  Sl.OO,  ptttpaid. 

THE  SILVER  SHADOW 

THE  LUGGAGE  OF  UFE 

THE  GOLDEN  MILESTONE 

By  F.  W.  BoREHAM 

A  most  suggestible  person  is  this  Tas- 
manian  essayist  and  minister.  To  him 
every  event  and  objea  is  suggestive; 
wherever  his  glance  strikes  it  ricochets 
to  something  else.  A  delicious  mental 
intoxication  is  the  reward  of  the  reader 
who  sails  through  his  own  familiar 
world  on  the  fleet  wings  of  Boreham's 
imagination. 

Chth.     Per  •volume,  net,  S1.2S,  postpaid. 


INDIA,  Beloved  of  Heaven 

By  Brenton  Thoburn  Badley 

Ib  colUbof  atloa  with 

OacAK  MacMillam  Buck         Jamb*  Iat  Kixoham 

An  latiolBetloa  br  Bhksp  W.  P.  OMbtm 

Stories  and  sketches  of  India  in  trans- 
formation. The  very  atmosphere  of  the 
mystical  East  is  here.  These  graphic 
portrayals  of  India's  social  and  religious 
customs  are  drawn  from  life.  The 
authors  have  lived  with  the  people  of 
India  and  write  of  what  they  really 
know.  Illustraud.    218pagei.     Cloth. 

Net,  Sl.OO,  putpmd. 

A  HISTORY  OP  LATIN  AMERICA 

By  William  Warren  Sweet 
A  long  needed  book  at  an  opportune 
rime— by  an  authority  on  the  subject. 
Covering,  as  it  does,  both  the  past  his- 
tory and  the  present  condition  of  the 
Latin  American  States,  the  book  is 
especially  valuable  and  illuminating. 
Equally  useful  as  a  text  for  college 
classes  and  for  general  reading. 
lUiutrated.  About  300  pages.  Cloth.  InPreu. 

THE  OLD  HOME 

By  Charles  Coke  Woods 

Easy  and  beautiful  in  style,  familiar  and 
sympathetic  in  treatment,  it  is  a  book 
preeminently  of  the  home,  for  the  home, 
by  a  lover  of  home.  A  joyous  and  ten- 
der book  that  begins  with  a  wedding 
and  ends  with  a  golden  wedding,  dew- 
fall  and  eventide. 

Illustraud.     191  pages.     Chth. 
Net,  S2.00,  postpaid. 


NEW  YORK   THE  ABINGDON  PRESS    Cincinnati 

CHICAGO       BOSTON        FTmBURGH       DBTROrT       KANSAS  CrTY      SAN  PRAM  CISCO       PORTLAND,  Oal, 


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your  advantage  to  place  a  standing  ortler  with  your  newsdealer.  The  War 
Industries  Board  has  requeHte<l  jmblishei's  to  discontinue  the  acceptance  of  tm- 
8ol(l  copies  from  news<lealei's,  and  in  conformity  with  that  request  The  Outlook  is 
now  non-returnable.  To  prevent  loss,  therefore,  newsdealers  must  limit  their  onlers 
to  actual  sales.  Buyers  at  news-stands  may  co-operate  and  avoid  disappointment 
by  giving  their  dealer  a  standing  order  for  the  weekly  delivery  of  The  Outlook. 
THE  OUTLOOK  COMPANY 

THE  LEADING  REVIEWS 
The  Nineteenth  Century  and  After 


FortniKhtlr   Review,   Conteiniiorary 
three.  Sl.l.nO.    BlacKn'ood'H  l>lMKnxi»e, 


Review:    nnr  one.   S5.00:    anj 


Blackwood's  and  one  qniirterly.  %'. 
two,  •8.S0.    Canada,  luistnicr  extrii. 


.50; 


-- ,    « .    -injr   twoi    _ 

•:i.aO:  Qtmrterlr  Review,  Kdtnl>urBl 

with  two,  4111.50;  either  quarterly,  •4.60 


SO.SO:    the 
-  1  "■ 


Review ; 
"  ~"     the 


LEONARD  scon  PUBLICATION  CO.,  249  W.  13th  St.,  New  York 


The  New  Booits  iCotUimted) 
The  New  Testament  substantially  as  we 
now  have  it  existed  at  the  beginning  of  th« 
second  century.  It  was,  and  is,  composed  of 
various  writings  by  different  auUiors,  ar- 
ranged and  classified  as  we  now  have  them 
in  what  is  in  form  a  book,  but  is  in  reality 
a  library.  The  Sermon  on  the  Mount  u 
represented  in  this  New  Testament  as 
preached  at  the  time  of  the  call  of  the 
twelve  Apostles  for  the  purpose  of  explain- 
ing the  natm-e  of  the  kingdom  of  God 
which  Christ  had  come  to  establish.  Some 
modem  scholars  think  that  it  was  not 
preached  at  that  time,  but  is  composed  of 
various  utterances  brought  ttM^ether  by 
Matthew  into  one  discourse.  This  appar- 
ently is  the  bypotliesis  wliich  the  editors  of 
this  edition  have  adopted,  for  the  Sermon 
on  the  Mount  is  cut  up  into  different  para- 
graphs and  printed  among  the  teachings  of 
Jesus,  and  neither  connected  witli  each 
other  nor  with  the  occasion  which  accord- 
ing to  the  New  Testament  gave  it  birth. 
This  is  what  we  mean  by  saying  that  this 
book  is  not  a  shorter  New  Testament,  bat 
a  rearranged  New  Testament.  It  will  be 
useful  for  practical  and  devotional  read- 
ing, but  it  will  not  ^ve  the  reader  »  cor- 
rect idea  of  the  New  Testament  as  it 
existed  in  the  beginning  of  the  second 
century. 
Twentieth    Centnry    Crusade    (The).     By 

Lyman    Abbott.    The    Maomillan    CoiiiiiaaT, 

New  York.    60o. 

The  purpose  of  this  little  volume  of  talks, 
cast  in  the  form  of  letters,  is  indicated  by 
Dr.  Abbott  when  he  says :  "  It  is  written 
not  only  for  tlie  soldiers  in  the  air,  in  the 
field,  or  on  the  sea,  not  only  for  the 
wounded  in  the  hospitals,  the  maimed  and 
handicapped  returning  home,  and  the 
dying  slipping  away  to  their  long  home 
through  deatlr  s  bright  portal,  but  for  the 
fathers  and  mothers  who  have  caught  die 
spirit  of  the  All-Father  and  have  given  a 
son  or  a  daughter,  perhaps  more  than  one, 
that  the  world  may  be  saved  by  love's 
greatest  sacrifice." 

WAR  BOOKS 

Amerloa  In  the  War.    By  Lonis  Raemaaken. 

The  Centnry  Company,  New  York.    93. 

Probably  no  cartoonist  during  the  late 
war  has  risen  to  greater  fame  than  the 
Dutchman  Louis  Raemaekers.  His  scath- 
ing sarcasm  is  well  empliasized  in  the  pres- 
ent volume,  which  consists  of  more  tlian  a 
hundre<I  of  his  cartoons  accompanied  by  as 
many  pages  of  text,  some  of  winch  has  lieen 
written  by  Mr.  Howells,  Senator  Lodgv, 
Dr.  Lyman  Abbott,  ex- Ambassadors  Her- 
rick  and  Gerard,  ex-Secretary  Garrison. 
Mr.  John  Jay  Chapman,  the  Rev.  Hugh 
Black,  Admiral  Peary,  and  many  others. 
Tlie  text  forms  a  desirable  antholo^  of 
patriotic  opinion.  As  "  Punch's  "  "  Lae  of 
Queen  Victoria  "  and  "  Life  of  Gladstone" 
not  only  furnish  entertainment  but  are 
among  tlie  precious  historical  sources  con- 
cerning the  epoch  in  which  those  two  ehMt- 
acters  lived,  so,  for  the  epoch  now  dosing, 
this  volume,  reflecting  the  psycholoCT  of 
America  in  the  war,  will  be  useful  as  a  oook 
of  reference. 

Clty_  of  Trouble  (The).    By  Meriel   Bnehaaaa. 
C'lmries ISpribner's  .Sons,  Jiew  York.  $1,35. 

The  tragedy  of  Petrograd  after  the  revo- 
lution is  exactly  expressed  in  the  title  of 
this  tensely  written  narrative.  Miss  Bo- 
chanaii  is  the  daughter  of  Sir  Geor^ 
Buchanan,  who  was  the  British  Ambassa- 
dor at  Petrograd  for  nearly  eight  yeare ; 
he  took  a  prominent  and  humane  part  in 
saving  what  could  be  saved  from  the  wreck 
of  the  much-troubled  city.  Naturally  the 
Digitized  by  VJ^^VJV  IV^ 


1918 


THE    OUTLOOK 


559 


The  New  Books  (Continued) 
author  had  every  possible  opportunity  to 
know  and  to  see  what  took  place.  Her  de- 
soriptions  are  graphic  and  abound  in  inci- 
dents which  move  and  stir  the  heart.  Many 
books  have  been  written  about  the  Revolu- 
tion ;  this  one  certainly  should  not  be  passeil 
by  iiuread. 

Cradle  of  the  War  (The).  The  Near  East  and 
Ptw-GermaniBiu.  By  H.  Charies  Woods, 
P.K.O.S.  With  a  Foreword  by  A.  Lawrence 
Lowell.    Ldttle,  Brown  &  Co.,  Boston.  $2.50. 

Dictionary  of  Military  Terms  (A).  By  Ed- 
ward .S.  Farrow.  The  Thomas  Y.  Crowell 
Company,  New  York.  $2.80. 

General's  IieUer  to  His  Son  (A).  On  Obtain- 
ing; His  Commission.  Uonghton  Mifflin  Com- 
pany, Boston.  $1. 

Germany  as  It  Is  Xo<lar.  By  Cyril  Brown. 
The  George  U.  Dorau  Connwuv,  Aew  York. 
Sl.Xi. 

Illusions  and   Realitit^  of  the  War.    By 

Fianeis  Giietson.  The  Jolm  Lane  Comiianv, 
New  York.   SI.2.-|. 

liUxembarK  and  Her  NeiKhlmrs.  By  Rntli 
Putnam.  lUnstrated.  U.  1'.  Putnaiirs  Sons, 
New  York.  92  JU. 
Miss  Ruth  Putnam,  whose  biographies  of 
Charles  the  Bold  and  William  the  Silent 
may  be  r«u;arded  as  "  standard,"  now  pub- 
lisKeH  a  mstory  of  Luxemburg,  a  book 
which  should  iind  equal  favor.  Four  years 
and  more  ago,  despite  a  neutrality  treaty 
which  should  have  protected  its  territory, 
and  despite  the  protest  of  the  Luxemburg 
Government,  the  German  army  ci-ossed  the 
territory  of  that  Grand  Duchy.  Since  then 
Luxemburg  has  been  practically  a  part  of 
Genuany.  The  violation  of  Luxembui'g 
territoiy,  in  our  opinion,  was  as  much  a 
cause  for  war  as  was  the  violation  of  Bel- 
gian territory.  Why  was  it  not  more  of  a 
violation — since  Luxemburg  was  helpless 
and  could  not  defend  her  rights  ?  We  turn 
page  after  page  of  this  interesting  history 
to  the  end  to  see  whetlier  Miss  Putnam 
will  not  answer  certain  current  questions, 
as,  for  instance, ''  Why  did  not  England,  a 
signatory  to  die  Luxemburg  neutrality 
treaty,  immediately  protest  ?"  And  yet  our 
own  Goveniinent,  a  signatorvto  the  Hague 
Convention  (which  promised  that  the  ter- 
ritory of  neutral  states  should  be  inviola- 
ble) did  not  protest. 

On   the  Fringe  of  the  Great   Fight.    By 

Colonel  George  O.  Nasmith,  C.M.6.  Ulns- 
trat«d.  The  George  H.  IVtran  Company,  New 
York,  f  1.50. 

Our  Navy  in  the  War.  By  Lawrence  Perry. 
lUnstnited.  Charles  Scrifcner's  Sons,  New 
York.   »l.uO. 

Red  Battle  Hyer  (The).  By  Captain  Manfre<I 
Freiherr  von  Ricbthofen.  Translated  bv  T. 
Ellis  Barker.  Kobert  M.  MeBride  &  Co.,  New 
York.  81.23. 

Roiimania  Yesterday  and  To-Day.    Mrs. 

Will  Gordon,  F.R.O.S.    Introduetiou  and  Two 

•     Chapters  by  H.  M.  tliu  Qneen  of  HunnuiniH. 

Qlnstmted.    The  John    I>ane   ('uniimnv,  New 

York.  ?<3. 

If  there  is  one  woman  more  than  another 
who  stands  oat  heroically  in  this  war,  it  is 
Queen  Marie  of  Rumania.  In  its  hour  of 
trial  she  has  been  of  inestimable  worth  to 
her  adopted  country.  No  one  better  appre- 
ciates than  she  that,  while  Belgium  and 
Serbia  have  suffered  terribly,  the  lot  of 
Rumania  has  been  peculiarly  tragic  because 
she  was  brought  into  tlie  condict  by  Russian 
treachery — and  then  Russia  remorselessly 
abandoned  her  1  The  Queen  has  furnished 
many  ]>hotographs  for  the  illu.strations  in 
tlte  |>resent  volume  and  has  also  written  an 
Introtluctiou — a  poignant  and  yet  inspiring 
human  document.  TheQue«-u  tells  us  that, 
with  her  fleeing  people,  '*  I  too  had  to  l^ave 
a  home  I  loved,  I  too  Iiad  to  Hee  before 
the  invading  foe,  had  to  forsake  the  new- 
made  grave  of  the  little  one  who  was  torn 


l00ka  fnr  f  nur  Qllpiatmaa  (gtfta 


ail  Star  liction" 


Out  of  the  Silences 

By  MARY  E.  WALLER 
Author  of  The  Wood-carver  of ''Lympus 
A  virile  romance  of  the  present  day 
with  its  scenes  laid  in  Canada. 
The  plot  is  original  and  is  worked  out 
with  the  same  skill  that  gave  "The 
Wood<:arver  of  'Lympus  "  and  "  A  Cry 
in  the  Wilderness  such  a  strong  and 
popular  appeal. 

"  Miss  Waller  has  done  no  better 
work  ...  it  is  an  epic  in  prose." — New 
York  Tribune.  t\.iQnet 

Our  Admirable  Betty 

By  JEFFERV   FARNOL 
Author  of  The  Broad  Highway 
A  joyous  and  vigorous  romance  of  the 
period  of  The  Broad  Highway. 
Bewitching   Betty   is  one   of  the  most 
adorable  of  heroines,  Serf^eant  Zebadee 
is    a    whimsical    character    who    adds 
humor  to  the  tale,  while  Major  d'Arcy 
is  as  delightful  as  any  hero  that  Famol 
has  created. 

"  Mr.  Famol  has  seldom  written  in  hap- 
pier vein." — Boston  Transcript.  $1.60  net 

Books  on  tl)e  Drama 

Representative  British 
Dramas: 

Victorian  and  Modem 
Edited  by   MONTROSE  J.  MOSES 
Contains  the  complete  text  of  twenty- 
one  plays  from  Bulwer-Lytton  down  to 
Galsworthy  and   Dunsany.  873  pages. 

14.00  net 

Little  Theater  Classics 

Volume  I 

By  SAMUEL  A.  ELIOT,  JR. 

Contains  five   classic  one-act  plays  of 

rare  merit  adapted  for  "Little  Theaters," 

or  for  stay-at-home  readers.       $1.50  net 


Biogra)>l)n  anb  iTraocl 
Woodrow  Wilson : 

An  Intcrpretatioa 

By  A.  MAURICE  LOW 
A  keen  and  impartial  analysis  of  the 
character  and  motives  of  the  President 
as  revealed  by  his  speeches,  writings 
and  statesmanship,  by  the  American 
correspondent  of  the  London  "  Morning 
Post"  $2.0<}  net 

George  Westinghouse : 

His  Life  and  Achievements 

By  FRANCIS  E.  LEUPP 

The    biography    of  one  of  America's 

greatest   inventors    that    reads  like   a 

romance.  $3.00  net 

The  Golden  Road 

By  LILIAN   WHITING 
A  resume  of  the  varied  experiences  of 
one  of  America's  best  known  women  of 
letters,  gathered   along  "  The  Golden 
Road  "  of  life,  at  home  and  abroad. 

^.00  net 

My  Chinese  Days 

By  GULIELMA   F.  ALSOP 
With  its  background  of  oriental  colors, 
customs  and  mystery,  this  is  a  volume 
of  really  wonderful  vignettes  of  Chinese 
life,  by  a  woman  physician.       f2.00  net 

Books  on  tl)c  tUar 
Heroes  of  Aviation 

LAURENCE  LA TOUKETTEDRIGGS 
Authentic  stories  of  the  famous  French, 
American,  English,  Italian  and  Belgian 
aviators,  by  an  authoritative  writer. 

$1.50  «*/ 

Tales  of  War 

By  LORD    DUNSANY 
Wonderful  vignettes  are  the.se  tales  of 
the  great   European   tragedy,  and   all 
bear   the   stamp    of    Lord    Dunsany's 
artistry  and  sense  of  romance.  $1.25  net 


'toortl)-tol)tU  Bookg  for  tl)e  Pouug 


Happy  Jack 

By  THORNTON  \V.  BURGESS 
The  stoiy  of  Thrift — taught  by  one  of 
Mother  Nature's  thriftiest  Rttle  people.  Mr. 
Burgess  is  well  acquainted  with  Happy 
Jack's  thrifty  habits,  and  tells  all  about 
them  in  his  new  book.  $l.2Snf/ 

Mother  West  Wind 
"Where"  Stories 

By  THORNTON  W.  BURGESS 
The    eighth     and    final    volume    in    the 
"  Mother  West   Wind  Series  "  of  Animal 
stories.  $1.00  net 

Five  in  a  Ford 

By  MARV    1'.  WEI.I.S   SMITH 
The  fourth  volume  in  the  jolly  "Summer 
Vacation  Serie.s."  $1 J5  net 

Sniffy,  Snappy  and  Velvet  Paw 

By  RIIH   O.  DYER 
The  adventures    of  three    sprightly  grey 
mice.  60  centt  net 

Indian  Heroes  and  Great  Chieftains 

By  CHARI.KS   A.  EA.STMAN 
The  life  stories  of  fifteen   famous  Indian 
Chiefs,  by  one  who  knew  them  best.  $1.25 »</ 


Boy  Scouts  at  Sea 

By  ARTHUR  A.  CAREY 
A   dandy  sea  scout  storj-  by  the  pioneer 
in  the  Sea  Scouting  movement.      $1.35  net 

Scout  Drake  in  War  lune 

By  Isabel  hornibrook 

The  story  of  l.onny  Drake's  busy  summer 
opens  at  a  National  Guard  Camp.  $1.35  net 

Captain  Kituk 

By  ROY   J,  SNKLL 
The   strange    and    hazardous    adventures 
of  an  ambitious  Eskimo  lad.  $1.35  «<■/ 

Old  Crow  and  His  Friends 

By  kathari.m:  u.  judson 

Stories  that  were  told  to  Indian  children 
many  years  ago.  11.35  „^( 

Little  Cuba  Libre 

By  jam:   I'.  DUCiC.AN 
The  story  of  a  little  patriotic  Cuban  girl. 

$1.35  net 

Rhyme*  and  Tales  for  Children 

By  ETTA  A.  and  MARY  F.  IILAISDELL 
Verse  and  stories  with  colored  illustrations 
for  the  very  youngest  readers.    55  <-«-«/j  «rf 


a 


Oar  Cenplete  Javeailc  Catalefve  will  be  mt  am  reqaeit 

II       Published  by  inTLE.  BROWN  &  COMPMiY^B^ao^  Mali* 


igitrzecTDy 


560 


THE  OUTLOOK 


4  Decemba 


UPPINCOTT 

Books  for  Christinas 


FICTIOIT 

ESMERALDA,  or  Erery  Litde  Bit  Helps 

brNlniVflooxPiitnamaadNorauajMobMn.  fnmtUpuee 
m  color,  4  l»  Mf-Umt  6|r  JAw  iri<im  PrtMton.  tLM  (Ml. 
The  braujr,  hmaoroii*  narj  «  a  girl  from  CaUlOTnls  wlia 
tipaeu  Um  tradltiaa*  of  Naw  TorkV  nurtMC  Mt  ud  inci- 
flcDtollr  doMMOW  (pkBdiii  War  Work.  Thk  i<  «  pMrioOo 
tula,  up  to  tta  mlniita,  itarUiiiK  and  daUgfatfol,  that  no 
Aaarioan  win  mot  to  turn. 

CLEAR  THE  DEQB!  b7''Coaimaiidar.''  AtbiaUnK 
talc  of  oor  nary  boyi  In  •oUoo— baaad  on  fact.  Tha  type  « 
■iiaw"bookwaareaD  aiudouatonad.  Writtan  by  a  U.  S. 
Naral  Ofllonr  dnrtnc  oS  boor*  in  aetual  •errlea.  niuMrated. 
flMnet. 

THE  mSIORlCAL  MCHTS'   ENTERTAOIIiENT 

by  Rafad  Sabatlni.  Soanaa  alnady  tamoaa  tbnogh  rreat 
(oraigii  writan  portrayed  with  rare  aldll  in  Um  form  of  thir- 
teen ahort  atoriea,  earn  cnlminatinc  in  tlie  dramatic  liappeo- 
inga  of  a  nia^t.  |i.7t  net. 

MISCELLANEOUS 

PASSED  AS  CENSORED  ^  Captln  B«t>»>M.  B.n. 
heim,  M.ItC.  An  nnnaaal  war  book— tlie  original  ktten  of 
one  of  tba  ilgfaten  in  France,  vivid,  hnman,  reaL  Itaey  tell 
of  the  luperbnman  efforU  of  the  S.  O.  R.  $L»n€t. 

THE  SPRIIODE  OF  UFE  p..„.  of  chiidhcd 

Br  AlKemon  Charlea  Bwinbome.  Witii  a  Preface  by 
BonuuM  Ooeae.  lUoatratad  by  Arthur  Rackham.  Bdmund 
Ooaaa  haa  carried  out  a  plan  oaoe  Blade  by  the  poet,  to  nther 
Id*  poama  on  childhood  in  one  Tohune,  and  Arthur  Backham 
haa  Intaniretad  them  exqoUtely.  8  oMor  plalet  ana  many 
iUuttratCmu  in  Uu  Uxt.  \»M  net. 

THE    SUBMARINE    IN    WAR   AND   PEACE 

by  Simon  Lake,  M.  I.  N.  A.  The  foremoat  InTentor  of  ttia 
day  along aubmaripe  linca,  givea  ao  intareathig,  authoritatiTe 
account  of  the  derelopmentiPreaent,  paat  and  future  of  under- 
aea  craft,  with  many  niggeationa  for Inventora.  It  iaadentifl- 
oaUy  aocurate,  yet  not  at  ail  technical.  lUiutmled.  O.W  net. 

THE  WAR  AND  THE  COMING  PEACE  byMoma 

Jaatrow,  Jr,  Fh-O.,  LL.D.  Author  of  "The  War  and  the 
Bagdad  Railwmy."  A  new  kind  of  Peace  Book.  The  great 
Bunl  iaaue  of  the  warand  tbefonndationiof  apennanant 
peace  set  forth  in  an  original  manner.  91.00  net. 

THE    ROMANCE   OF    OLD    PHILADELPHIA 

by  John  T.  Faria.  All  the  Cudnatimr  romance  of  the  pioneer 
aettlera'  Urea.  Much  new  hietorioar material  and  a  ^<d3«r- 
cait**  viewpoint.  Period— up  to  the  tranafer  of  capital  to 
Wadiiogton.  100 //(lulra/toru .  tt.SOnet. 

HOME   AND   COMMDNHY    HYGIENE   by  j«> 

Broadhant.  Pb.D.  "A  oyclopedU  of  hygiene."- .V.  r. 
Tribune.  Vital  health  pnAlema  and  their  aohition,  dteaae 
prevention  and  cure.  Tho  author  ia  an  expert  in  her  field. 
Tituitrated.  ti-Wnet. 

THE  BUSINESS  OF  THE  HOUSEHOLD  by  c.  w. 

Taber.  Bverything  affecting  home  government  thorougl]^ 
treated— heating,  lighting,  nonaing,  inanrance.  pleaanrea, 
etc  A  book  every  houaewifa,  home-economioa  teacher  and 
popU  ahonld  have.  Jlliutratea.  93.00  ik(. 

FOR  BOYS  4-  OISLS 

THE  AMERICAN   BOYS'  ENGMEERDIG   BOOI 

by  A.  Rnaaell  Bond.  FoUowing  a  boy'a  natural  bent  to  cco- 
aarnct,  tlie  author  traina  hia  youthful  readeia  to  do  real 
neo*8  work  in  miniature,  at  annoet  no  coat.  A  book  bora 
will  ravel  in,  and  which  will  help  to  Ht  them  for  larger  taaki 
in  yeara  to  come,  mdiagmim.  tt-Otnel. 

AMERICAN  BOYS'  BOOK  OF  SIGNS,  SIGNAIS 

AND  SYMBOIS  by  Dan  Beard.  KveryUnd  of  code  tmna- 


lione.  $2.00  nef. 

GENERAL  CROOK  AND  THE  HGHTING  APACHES 

by  Bdwin  IL  Babfai.  A  itirriu;  tale  of  adventure  with  Oes- 
eral  Crook,  the  redootitable  Indian  fighter.  Actual  hiatory 
iathebaaiaforthia  thrilling  tale.  Khnmy  Dunn,  who  aided 
Oeueral  Crook,  will  be  the  envy  of  every  live  American  Ixnr. 
/Iliulrated.  n.»net. 

KEDuIH  by  Jane  D.  Abbott.  The  beat  of  modem  Ameri- 
can home  Ufa  ia  portrayed  in  thia  wholeaome  girla'  bo<A. 
The  enchantment  of  thia  deiightfal  story  lingers  long  in  tlie 
memory  of  the  fortunate  girl  reader.  Juuttrated.  $1JS  nel. 

GULuVchS  TRAvEIS  /BtorieaAnChUdrenliOveBorlos) 
by  Jonathan  Swift.  lillipotiana  and  Giants  amuae  and  en. 


lUuttrated.  nj»net. 


AT  ALL  BOOKSTORES 

J.  B.  UPPINCOTT  CO. 

PUBUSHERS  PHILAOELPMA 


Tke  Ntw  Book*(Ca»tinueH 
from  me  whilst  the  enemy  was  flooding  my 
Und  on  every  side."  In  the  Uiirteen  pogee 
foUowing  this  quotation  the  Qaeen  tells  uie 
world,  in  langnaee  which  haonts,  of  what 
her  people  are  suffering. 

Rumania's  Sacrifice  :  Her  Past,  Present 
and  fr'nture.  By  Qan  Nanlaaoo.  Tnuw- 
Uted  by  Mrs.  C.  de  S.  Waini^t.  Illnatisted. 
The  Century  Company,  New  Iprk.   $1.30. 

Soldier  Silliouette«  on  Our  Front.  By 
WiUiaiu  L.  Stidger.  Illuatxatod.  Chkriea 
Seribuer'a  Sona,  New  York.    91 -25, 

Readers  of  The  Outlook  will  recf^nize 
some  of  the  articles  here  included  as  nav- 
iii  its  columns.  The  author, 
work  as  a  Y.  M.  C.  A.  representative 
in  Francp.  met  witli  experiences  well  worth 
recording.  He  has  the  gift  of  seeing  what 
is  typioal  and  suggestive  in  the  Ufa  of  the 
soloier,  and  has  succeeded  admirably  in  his 
object,  whuh  "  has  been  to  give  the  father 
aiid  mother,  the  brother  and  sister,  the 
wife  and  child  and  friend,  of  the  boys 
'  over  there '  an  accurate  heart  picture." 
Village  (The) :  Knseian  Impreeaiona.  By 
Enieat  Poole.  The  Maoiuillaa  Compaoy,  New 
York.   .«1.30. 

Tliis  book  breathes  the  verv  spirit  of  the 
Revolution  as  it  affected  the  life  of  a  small 
Russian  village.  It  is  made  up  of  conversa- 
tions with  peasants,  artisans,  and  the  few 
professional  men  of  the  place.  It  brings  us 
close  to  the  heart  of  rural  Russia  amid  the 
throes  of  the  present  sociid  turmoiL 

Mark  SolliTan.  The 
Tew  York.  60o. 


Wake  Up  America  t  By 

Macmillan  Company,  Nei 

What  is  the  German  Nation  Dying  For  ? 

By  Ka  ■  •         •    ~  ~       "      '^ 

SzoU  ! 

81.50. 


By  Karl  Lndwisr  Krsnae.  Tranalated  by  Ad«le 
Szold  Seltxer.    Boni  A  LtTerigfat,  New  York. 


tS  I 

I  by. 


Herr  Krause  maintains  that  his  coun- 
try's defeat  was  needed  not  only  for  the 
good  of  the  world  but  for  the  good  of  the 
German  people.  So  far  from  being  enemies 
of  Germany,  then,  the  Allied  democratic 
nations,  protests  this  author,  are  not  ene- 
mies ;  ^  on  the  contrary,  they  want  to  help 
us  drive  from  our  shores  the  bloody  horror 
of  autocracy."  He  adds  tliat  "  our  western 
brothers"  were  not  fighting  against  the 
German  people  as  such,  but  against  those 
in  the  German  saddle  who  were  enslaving 
and  oppressing  the  German  nation  and 
who,  as  though  that  were  not  enough,  were 
also  trying  to  enslave  and  oppress  odier 
nations.  As  to  the  overturn  now  taking 
place  in  Germany,  Herr  Krause  u  skepti- 
cal ;  he  prophesies  that  the  Socialists  will 
expose  their-selves  to  the  charge  of  caring 
as  little  for  tlie  people's  sufferings  as  do 
the  other  parties.  Nevertheless  the  land  of 
the  Junkers,  he  asserts,  must  be  divided 
ahion^  the  peasants.  Despite  its  vulgarly 
familiar  and  exasperatingly  hectic  tone,  the 
book  is  one  of  the  remarkable  testimonies 
to  German  democracy  produced  during  the 
late  war. 

8CIBNCK 
Biology  of  War  (The).  By  Dr.  G.  F.  Niooiai. 
Translated  by  Conatanoe  A.  Grande  and  Jnlian 
Grande.   The  Century  Company,  New  York. 
.*3.30. 

Knowing  Insects  Throngb  Stories.  By 
Floyd  BraUiar.  lUnatrated.  The  Funk  &  Wa^ 
nalla  Company,  New  York.   $1.60. 

Men  of  the  Old  Stone  Age.  Their  Enviivn- 
meut.  Life,  and  Art.  By  Henry  Fairfield  0»- 
bom.  Illiutrat«d.  Third  Edition.  Charles 
Scribner's  Song,  New  York.  $3.00. 

MISCELLANEOUS 
C^preesive  English.    By  Jamea  C.  Femald, 
L.H.D.    The   Fnnk  &    Wagnalls    Company, 
New  York.    .«1.60. 
Problems  of  grammar,  moot  points  in 
style,  art  in  speaking  and  writing,  and  con- 
structive literary  work  lire  discussed  acutely 
and  sensibly  in  thu  book,  which  Mrill  in- 


S00kB 

lot  Dour  4ll)ristma0  £ist 


The  Peak  of  the 
Load 

By  MILDRED  ALDRICH 

The  antlior  of  "A  Hilltap  on  the  Mane" 
tells  of  the  waiting  montlu  oo  her  hSltcfi 
from  the  entranee  of  the  Stan  and  Stripes  to 
the  seoond  victory  oo  the  Mame.  She  haa 
seen  the  coming  of  our  boys  and  has  watdied 
them  f!0  "  over  the  hilltap  "  into  the  battle 
and  what  she  has  to  tell  us  is  inspiring. 
Uniform  with  tke  author's  previou*  bpalet. 

91.33  at<. 

The  German  Secret 
Service    in   America 

By  JOHN    PRICE   JONES   and 
PAUL  MERRICK  HOLUSTER 

Here  for  the  fint  time  we  have  the  complete 
record — up-to-date,  detailed,  aatboritatin!. 
William  J.  Flynn  says:  "If  you  want  u> 
know  what  we  have  been  up  against,  in  onr 
poimit  of  the  nndergronnd  Him,  read  this 
book."  Ittuslrated.   $2-00  wt. 

The  AnthcJogy  of  Maga- 
zine Verse  for  1918 

Br 

WILLIAM  STANLKY  BRAJTHWAITK 

The  sixth  annnal  Tolnma  in  the  series  of 
Anthologies  of  Magarine  Verse,  whidi  the 
New  York  Times  declares  "  ate  signs  of  the 
times  and  milestxnea  apon  the  way  of  the 
American  poetic  advaaoe."  $2.00  net. 

The  Shielding  Wing 

By  WILL  LEVINGTON  COMFORT 

Chinar— myateriona  land  at  adventure — ia  the 
scene  of  this  novel  which  shows  Mr.  Comfort 
at  his  best,  in  the  story  of  a  bold  ytnag 
American—*  book  with  personality  and  lara 
flavor.  fVontiqMeee.    $lJS0ne(. 

The  Whirlwind 

By  EDNA  WOBTHLKY  UNDERWOOD 

A  brilliant  novel  of  Rnasian  Court  intrigac. 
the  central  figure  being  Catherine  the  Great. 
"  There  has  not  been  mote  exqoiaite  writiag 
ia  any  novel  for  some  time." — Ntic  Tort  Saa. 
"A  story  rich  with  colorful  deseriptioos  of 
events  and  characters." — Independent. 

Frontitpitce.   SlJSOnst. 

From  Baseball  to 
Boches 

By  H.^  C.  WITWKR 

"The  one  unquestionably  beat  book  of  war 
humor.    If  you  are  gmng  to  give  only  one 
book,  give  this  one."— CAtcojo  Daily  Newt. 
lUuttrated.   il.3Znet. 

AT  ALL  BOOK  SHOPS 


Small,  Maynard  &  Company 

PUBUSHERS BOSTON 


Digitized  by 


Google 


1918 

Tke  New  Bookt  ^Continued) 
tereet  and  help  both  the  younger  student 
and  the  seasoned  g^mmatical  expert. 

NeKTO  in  Uteimtare  and  Art  (Tbei  in  the 
United  State*.  By  Benjamin  Brawley.  Dlm- 
tratad.  Dnffield  &  Co..  New  York.  $1.33. 
Onr  National  Forests.  By  Richard  H.  Dooai 
Boerker,  M jS.F.,  Ph.U.  Illnatrated.  The  Uao- 
millan  Company,  New  York.  S2.30. 
Appearing  in  a  season  wlien  the  States 
of  Minnesota  and  Wisconsin  hare  just  lost 
a  thousand  lives  and  imniense  value  in 
property  throagh  forest  fires,  the  present 
volume  certainty  has  a  traeic  timeliness. 
While  the  average  annual  loss  of  human 
life  in  our  forests  is  less  than  one-tenth  of 
what  was  swept  away  the  other  day  in  Min- 
nesota and  Wisconsin,  the  direct  and  indi- 
rect losses  from  forest  fires  run  close  to 
half  a  billion  dollars  every  year.  Again, 
the  dreadfully  reckless  cutting  in  oar  for- 
ests, directly  affecting  the  water  flow,  has 
shown  us  the  necessity  of  National  owner- 
ship and  control  of  forest  reserves,  espe- 
cially on  watersheds.  Tlie  present  volume 
describes  our  National  Forests,  and  th6 
author  writes  from  his  own  experience  of 
more  than  ten  years  in  Federal  forestry. 
We  only  wish  that  he  wrot«  in  a  more 
sprightly  manner. 

Young  Woman  Citizen  (The).  Br  Mary 
Aiutin.  The  Woman's  Pren,  New  York.  91.30. 
This  book  is  not  a  manual  for  the  new 
voter,  as  might  be  assumed  from  the  title, 
but  is  an  interesting  and  pertinent  contri- 
bution to  the  sociological  discussion  of  the 
time.  Its  thoughtful  chapters  can  be  read 
with  profit  by  women  of  all  ages  and  by 
men  too. 


THE   OUTLOOK 


561 


By  Their 
Fruits 


"  By  their  fruits  ye  shall  kix>w 
them." 

One  of  the  fruits  of  Christian 
Science  is 

Tbe  Christian  Sdence  Monitor 

An  International  Daily  Newspaper 

Here  you  see  the  power  and 
value  of  Truth  and  Principle 
applied  to  the  affiairs  of  the 
whole  world. 

You  see  a  newspaper  with- 
out sensationalism,  gossip,  un- 
savory details,  exaggeration  or 
falseness.  And  yet — or  rather 
because  of  it— a  highly  interest- 
ing* and  edifying  newspaper. 
The  Monitor  is  all  the  more 
interesting  because  its  readers 
know  that  what  they  read  is 
true,  and  therefore  has  a  real 
bearing  upon  their  thought  and 
lives. 

Th«  Cliristian  Science  Monitor 
is  $9.00  a  year  by  mail,  or  may  be 
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THE  CHRISTIAN  SCIENCE 

PUBLISHINO  SOCIETY 

BOSTON  U.  8.  A. 

Sole  publithtrt  of  alt  attlhorittd 

ChrUltan  Scltnct  Llleralurt 


wm 


^t  l/v-'li 


une  (z /reaper  UenLcle\ 
Is  JVIore  Cosuy^ 

THE  horse  costs  but  a  fraction  of 
the  price  of  a  motor-truck — yet 
the  acid-test  of  war-time  needs  has 
shown  the  horse  to  be  the  most 
expensive  kind  of  transportation. 

The  truck's  high  first  cost  becomes 
a  low  net  cost  because  of  the  depend- 
able, efficient  delivery. 

Same  way  with  your  advertising 
message !  It  gets  stranded  in  waste- 
basket  ditches  unless  its  vehicle  is 
strong  enough  to  get  it  to  the  reader. 

Booklets,  folders,  circulars,  catalogs,  and 
office  stationery  printed  on  "  STRATHMORE 
QUALITT"  papers  take  on  an  individuality 
that  carries  them  to  the  reader's  attention. 
Strathmore  papers  have  a  character  that 
strengthens  and  supports  your  message. 
Through  their  appearance  they  help  you 
say  your  say. 

Few  printed  pieces  sent  via  Strathmore 
way  do  more  work  than  many  sent  the  waste- 
basket  way.  And  the  saving  in  material  and 
effort  helps  all  along  the  line  in  these  days  of 
conservation. 

Your  printer  or  adoertlMing  agent  will  he 
glad  to  $how  you  tamplet  of  ' '  STRA  TH- 
MORE  QUAUTV  paper,.  Write  us 
for  our    booklet,    ' '  Selective   Mailings. 

STRATHMORE   PAPER  CO.. 

MlTTINEAGUE.  MaSS. 


\'|#^ 


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ed to  the  •(«ond.  po;iitioiis,  tem- 
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lof  tbaaxqaiftitfi  oew  watcb  casw. 

21Jewel 

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Fay  at  rate  of  ti.oO  a  month.  You  get  the  watch  at 
thfiaamo  price  cvon  the  wholosalo  jt'weler  muit  pay. 

Write  Today  for  Free  Watch  Book 

8««  hmndflonM  color  lUoatrationa  of  ajl  th«  Dcw«tt 
daiatna  in  wmtchas  that  70a  haT«  to  ebooM  from. 
Yoor  naiiM  and  addtCH  OD  a  poateazd  ia  anoiuh. 

grtlhia  otltT  whil«  it  laaU.    Write  tody.  J 


Don't  Wear 
a  Truss 

Brook*'    Appliance,    the 

modem  scientiflc  invention,  the 
wonderful  new  discovery  that 
relieves  rupture,  will  be  sent 
ontriaL  N  obooxloiii  ipniixil 
orpxi*-  10  i-iinniii 

Broein'  Ri^turt  Appfiance 

.Hm  antomatk  Air  Ciahlnni.  Binds  nd 
drawa  the  lirokcn  parts  together  ■■  you  would 
a  broken  Umti.  No  salves.  No  has.  Duralde. 
chnm.  Sent  oa  Mai  to  prove  It.  Protected  by 
U  &  PMenta^  .Cstaloc  and  meaauce  l>lanks 
mailed  free.  Send  name  and  addrea  today. 
Ch.47ll.lMh 


Digitized  by  VJ\^»^V  IV^ 


562 


THE   OUTLOOK 


•t  Decemlwr 


ACROSS  THE  CONTINENT 


A  BAD  BRIDGE  IN  ARIZONA 


ON  THE  OLD  UNION  PACIFIC  RIGHT  OF  WAT  IN   WTOMINO 


^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^Eki 

i 

mH 

r*JP 

* 

^ 

■ 

IN  NEW  PASS  CANYON,  NEVADA 


SUPPING  OFF  A  NARROW  ROAD,  NEW  PASS  CANTOV 


A  REMARKABLE  trip  across  the  continent  from 
Boston  to  San  Francisco  and  return  was  recently 
completed  by  two  five-ton  trucks  operated  by  the 
Goodyear  Tire  and  Rubber  Company  of  Akron,  Ohio. 
These  trucks  left  Boston  on  September  21  loaded  with 
airplane  tires,  which  were  delivered  in  San  Diego  twenty- 


one  days  later.  On  the  return  trip  the  trucks  went  through 
Arizona,  where  they  loaded  with  cotton  to  be  delivered  in 
the  East. 

This  is  the  fii-st  time  on  record  that  a  round  trip  from 
coast  to  coast  has  been  made  by  heavy  loaded  motor  tracks. 
The  trucks  were  equipped  with  pneumatic  tires  and  com- 


Department  of  Imhtntrial  Progrem 


Digitized  by 


oo 


IT 


1918 


THE    OUTLOOK 


563 


BY  MOTOR  TRUCK 


THX  OLD  ADD  THIE  JTSV 


i 

0^ 

^BIPa^... 

Bg&-       4^     ^- 

..^ 

fV:     ^ 

A     .i^.J^d 

■BSSL^^-  Mm:     ..^^-. 

-■^ 

MdMLl 

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1                   '.<!l*%  ■     1 

ikT^ 

/'       r>^'.*''>J 

•      ''1^  1 

'■"cr 

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i-^ 

MPC--^''" 

^j^—.  .>.L^^.,      -^ 

i^  - 

*"^'^*»  fii 

■ '  1 

^^H 

,      .-.^^^B 

IN  THE  MIDDLE  OF  THE  GREAT  SALT  LAKE  DESERT 


. .  rtStW 


'MH 


...■i^^. 


.^"-^^  M^ 


JSAt 


PART  or  nSHER'S  SECTION   PASS 
Thu  is  being  improved  by  Mr.  Carl  Fisher,  President  of  the  PrpHt-O  Lite  Company 


pletely  (lemonstrated  the  practicability  of  such  tires  in 
bearing  very  heavy  loads  under  all  conditions  and  over 
every  type  of  road — even,  on  some  iiortions  of  the  trip,  no 
roads  at  all. 

Each  truck  carrieil  two  drivers  and  was  so  equipped 
tbat  one  man  could  sleep  while  the  other  drovt*. 


Going  west  the  trip  to  San  Frauciscu  was  made  in  twenty 
days  and  the  actual  running  time  was  alwiit  twelve  and  a 
half  days,  with  an  average  speeil  of  fourteen  miles  an  hour. 

The  accompanying  photogra2)hs  show  the  trucks  at 
various  interesting  points  on  their  westward  trip  and 
some  of  the  road  conditions  that  were  encountered. 


iJepaHment  of  Jiidustrial  I'rogresg 


Digitized  by  i^jOOv 


V\^ 


564 


THE  OUTLOOK 


4  Deoeaifcer 


Can  Rust  be  Invisible? 


/  :■>    \ 


Yet— to  the 
naked  eye — 
Just  as  sremu 
are.  Did  you 
ever  tee  a 
j^erm  except 
through  a 
microKope  ? 


GERMS.    S««  thraofli  MieroKop*  BAZOt  EDGE.    Sma  IhraQsh  MlcroMOc* 

Not  so  long  ago   people  dida't  believe  in   gprms — because   germs  couldn't  bo 

seen.     Some  men  still  think  a  razor  edge  doesn't  rust — ^because  the  rust  is 

invisible  to  the  uaked  eye. 

One  look  through  a  microscope  establishes  a  firm  belief  in  the  existence  of 

germs — and   razor  rust.  The  powerftil  lens  reveals  a  razor  edge  as  it  really 

is — MOt  smooth  but  composed  of  irregular  saw-like  teeth. 

Moisture  collects  between  these  tiny  teeth.    It  can't  be  wiped  off  easily.    Rust 

forms.    That's  what  dulls  the  edge  so  soon — makes  the  blade  "puU"  and  hurts  the 

face.   Regular  use  of 


3 -in-One 

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pleasauter.  Do  this  before  and  after  each  shave  :  Moisten  thumb 
and  forefinger  with  a  drop  or  two  of  3-in-One  Oil — then  draw 
the  blade  between  them.  That's  all.  Simple,  isn't  it?  But  it 
makes  a  world  of  difference  in  the  shave. 

Also  rub  a  few  drops  on  your  face  before  lathering.  Softens  the  stiffest 
beard.  Makes  the  razor  slip  over  the  face  easier.  Keeps  the  soap  from 
burning.  Also  apply  3-in-One  to  razor  strops.  Keeps  them  soft  and  pliable. 
3-in-One  is  sold  at  all  good  stores.  East  of  the  Rocky  Mountain  States,  15c, 
25c,  and  50c  in  bottles ;  also  in  Handy  Oil  Cans,  25c.  Get  some  today. 
p^pp  If  you  prefer  to  try  before  you  buy,  write  us  and  we  will 
§•  fC  i^ I*  send  you  a  generous  sample  of  3-in-One  Oil  and  our  Razor 
*  »**^*^  Saver  Circular— Free. 


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D  ARD 

AND 

RITUAL 


HYMN 
SONG 


A  comblnstioii  iiet-er  b^ore  equaled.  Boiurd  SSc  Cloth  45c 

Write  for  examination  conr. 
The  Bticlow  siid  Main  Co.,  New  York-Clilcikjro 


Seven!  ReasoM  for  Bqriitf 

WrnnNG-ADABIS 


Irt.    Th«  brUtlM  and  hair  «r«  L-, 

for  UM  by  th«   WHITINO-ADAMS  BMthod.  which  I 
toQiboMa.  claaUcity  and  a  TclralMltUMOtmds.    TUe 
nmkw  tho  part  of  abru«bthat|»aie4«peifWltaaMUto 
and  loDff  waarlnc. 

Snd.  Ervry  brlrtl*  as4  hatr  It  %M  Wpon.  tiMtWMll 
tf  RUBBKR:noTak».  coal  t&r.  ctMuleal  tmlteUMeffabhlC 
li  UMd  Id  ourfactorr.  "Kn>  I' r"  Haaai  PUBSRUBBIB 
Id  all  WBItlNa-ADAUS  MU  iH  KUBBIB  CEMMriD 
BKU8HES,  Th«  butu  of  hritiM  CHT  hair  aneom»taldr 
wturatMlandiiirroundM  'vflthblBIOTLTTCBBlW^ral 
Id  Mml-llquld  itaU,  and  then  TiileaalMdhkr4MC>«aUh 

Srd.  WaiTINO-iDAMS  BruibM  coal  Ilttto  and  w*w 
l0Q|.  Oar  large  Tolumo  of  biisinaMrvdoeMeoslof  m«a«> 
(actaratoIowMtpQiot,  acd  »eUiag  fttae  aiaidt  aeir to 

4th.  SMia<Mtuiia«  bnubM  ••  we  have  fbroter  tMyeen 
■Maae  thai  we  kaow  knubai.  and  n— wof  oarJIMhiiPe 
ca4*e  the  <nU  beaefltef  our  bnuh  kaowledie. 
S— J  tm  in«etf  f  J I  HMTBf 

Jofee  L-WMfiBC-J.  J.  AdHKCiL 

BOSTON.  U.S.  A. 

WMWai  >ilMsBlBih»«wmnl««aol<lM«a«l  mmt  OaUd 


I.  Ult 


FIRST 
'FARM 
NORISA£ESl 


5ENSIBLE,SOUND  SECURITY  ] 

I  No    surer.   &.titfr    form    of  security  exists 

I  tlian  tl>e  wtaltli-prodDCinu  farm  lamls  of 

I  the  Mi'ldle  West.    Oiir  Farm   Mortaaaes  I 

k--al    Estate    Bon<ls    offer    a    real  J 

opjwrtnnity  tc.  save  by  sirring.   Send  for  I 

Pamphlet    *' S  "   aa<J    current    offerings.  J 

I  Aiimimts  to  Miit.  * 

I  E.  J.  Uad«r  k  Ce..  Gnaa  Ferb.  N.  D. 

Cifital  and  Surfius  $SOO,O0O 


BROWN'S 
BRONCHIAL 
TROCHES 

^^^^^  ORE  throat,  coug htng ,   hoana- 
F^in^  n«ea,  loea  ol  voic«»  bronchial  and 
j^^  J  aethmatic  troubtea  arc  quicklf  re> 
'C/  lievcdwitfaBrown'afiRmchialTrodice. 
Not  a  confectioa  but  a   ■enuine    remedy 
with   ecvency    yean   of  ancoMe   bade   of  it. 
Contain  no  opietce  or  other  harmful  ingredi- 
ents, hence  are  ctpedaOy  fine  for  adula  and 
children. 

May  be  cecriad  'ax  vanity  case  or  vest  podcet. 
Four  tit^,  t^e,  «<■,  y^C^ 
$1.2^    at    ail    druggists. 
John  I.  Brown  OC  Son 
Boston,  Mass. 

Safe 
Handy 
Dependable 


IN    MEMORIAM 

CAPTAIN   ARTHUK  HAMK.  SMTB    IHFAlmT 

Who  died  in  Frsoee  on  September  14,  leadbiK  a  B{b 
attack  CD  the  Bonthem  flaok  of  the  wliinl 

In  The  Outlook  of  October  23  there  wu 
published  a  sonnet  entitled  "  The  Cwtaun," 
D^  the  Rev.  J.  Braineid  Thrall,  of  Aihe- 
Tille,  North  Carolina.  Mr.  Thndl  teDg  m 
that  his  ^oem  has  brought  a  large  and 
sympathetic  correspondence.  Among  these 
letters  was  one  from  the  wife  of  mi  Ameri- 
can soldier,  Captain  Arthur  Hamm.  She 
felt,  as  Mr.  Thrall  intended  all  the  reidfen 
of  his  poem  to  feel,  that  his  tribute  wu 
paid  to  erery  American  captain,  or,  for 
that  matter,  to  evetr  captain  of  the  Alfiei 
who  has  died  for  liberty.  In  her  letter 
Mrs.  Hamm  said :  "  And  so  I  thank  yoa 
for  writing  so  beautiful  a  sonnet  alioat 
him,  and  though  I  am  not  a  poet  at  all, 
I  am  going  to  send  yon  a  bit  of  verw, 
written  'out  of  the  depths,'  to  exehan^ 
just  this  word  with  you — a  stranger  (but 
are  we  who  have  given  so  much  rwJly 
strangers  any  more  ?) — about  Our  Cap- 
tains. We  take  the  Ubei-ty  of  publishio? 
these  lines  by  this  captain's  wife,  £lizabetL 
Hamm,  because  they  express  so  elearlT 
the  glorious  and  beautifitl  sacrifice  whicli 
American  women  hare  made  in  this  war.— 
The  Editors. 

How    I    remember    titat    still     night   at 

Upton ! 
Silent  the  streets,  and  yet  at  dawn 
A  reeiment  would  sail  for  France. 
Bee  there  1    Dim  lines  of  ghosts  they  gn. 
With    packs   and  bedding-rolls,   fantactH' 

shapes 
Against  the  moonlit  sky. 
We   stood   apart  from   that    slow-moring 

throng, 
My  own  beloved  Captain  and  myself. 
Until  at  last  with  broken  voice  he  said : 
"  Dear,  I  must  go    My  men  are  waiting,  I 

imist  go." 
Ah,  then  I  could  no  longer  hold  in  eherk 
The  sob  that  ached  and  burned  within  nn 

throat. 
He  clasped  me  close  witii  arms  that  shook 

a  httle,  whispering, 
"  Darling,  a  man  can  do  no  less  ! 
Tell  me  the  truth  now,  would  you  hare  it 

otherwise?" 
I  lifted  np  my  head,  and  smiled   as  I  said. 

And  so  he  left  me,  chin  held  high,  itep 

firm. 
His    slender    boyish    figure    proud    ami 

sweet. 
Before  he  tamed  Uie  comer  by  his  W 

racks 
Once  he  looked  back,  and   waved  a  bnrr 

fetrewell. 
"  Now,"  writes   his    colonel,    "  his   bright 

beauty  lies 
Under    heaped    flowers    gatheretl   bj-  his 

men. 
Not  white  flowers  only,  but  Idue  ami  goW 

and  red, 
Brave  colors  tliat  he  loved, — die  flag  he 

died  for 
Wrapped  to  the  last  alraut   his  still  yoanf 

form. 
Smiling  and   gallant    he    both    lived  ami 

died." 
Again   I  hear,  but   clear    and   far  ani 
sweet. 


And  from  my  heart,  a  soldier's  wife.  1  an- 


"  Dear,  would  you  have  it  otiterwise  ?" 
n  my  ne 

swer, «  No, — 
No,  Love  !  But,  ah,  dear  God, — a  n»an  cao 

do  no  more !" 


Digitized  by 


Google 


1918 


THE  OUTLOOK 


565 


Iroitiinent 
coal  companies 
use 
Art  Metal 


Steel  Office  Furniture,  Safes  and  Files 


set 

—  in    m 

Solid  Gold  t 


I  *alM 

Send  Yonr  Name  and  Weil 
Send  Yoa  a  Lachnite 

;  TlONT  «rad  Bpcnnr.  jD«t  •end  rour  nam*  and  uiirv  "'Sendm* 
f  ■  Ufhniuj    mounted  in  m  B-liH  ^..Id    Hnir   on   10  daj"'   f"e 
I  trial. "      W«   wilt  iM-nd  ili>rri.«"'l  H«ht  to  y...ir  hnmr      Wrhr-n   It 
J  comas  RM>rr)r  cirpnait   %i  7^1  with  th»  poatman  ond  Itii-n  w*«r  th« 
I  rifwror  n»  full  .Injf"-    M  you.  or  if  any  ol  your  frtond*  can  !•«  i 
]  lt»mii  a  dtomond.  vond  tt  bach.    Rnt  If  v»(j  dr<-ld«  to  buy  It  I, 
I  —Mad  D*  t2.6C  a  moulb  until  f  18.  T&  nu  h«en  paid. 
I  Sflpl#A  'VtfMlovr  Sand  your  noms  now.  Tell  oi  which  of  tha 
I  ■W™*   SUUJiJ  BoUd  vaM  rir\a«  lllu^lratcd  •bovo  jfoo  wi«b 


Be  aota  to  »«aA  flnccr  sUe 

iKlmia^Ct.,  ttM.  Michigan  Aa..Dapuaa>  .CMcase. 


luabliihcd  1V79 


roent  for  Whooping - 
Couf  h»  Spasmodic 
Croup,  CoMs,  Ca- 
tarrh, Asthma,  Bron- 
chitis, Coughs. 


'>itii|4e.  MfeaBd  •flrcHve,  avoiding'  internal  drugt. 

\'iiHirir«H  Croolenr  relirie*  the  ivroxymis  of  wliooplniE- 
(  inikfli  And  Spasmodic  Croup  at  once  :  It  nl]*  thr  coniiinin  coHl 
I'^orr  U  hat  a  chancf  to  develop  into  tomethlnk:  nor^,  and 
e>i«rience  ibow*  that  a  ftr^-/ected  fulif  »*  n  t/'tHj^rrous  cold, 

Mr^.  lUlllBfrtoii  Dontb  ■&>!:  "  Na  laaillr.  wkara  llwra 
•rwraaai  cMMraa,  aboaU  ka  (rHkaal  tMt  laai|>.** 

The  air  carryiniT  l)i«  antiseptic  vapor.  Inhaled  whh  every 
hr^th.  makca  lircathlnt;  caty  an<l  relieves  the  conifestloo. 
.-vvatrlaic  levtful  nljchts. 

Il  l>  tallr^l  a  ^"CM  by  Atlhma  mlTerers. 

l-->r  ihr  Itronchial  coinplicatl<ini  oT  Scarlet  Fever  and  Mea- 
tier and  ai  an  aid  In  th<>  Frratiiient  of  Dl|>hth(Tia,  Crfvolene 
t«  valuable  on  account  of  1^  powerful  gernikldal  qualities. 

It  to  •  yrMaailaa  la  llwta  ai^sad. 

Crcarilene's  best  recoanucodatton  Is  Us  39  years  of  tucccis* 
fW  u«c. 

Sold  by  OrtiSilitB.  Ssnd  for  deaoripliv*  bookltt. 
Try  Cresolene  Antiseptic  Throat  TaMrt*  for  the  irritated 
throat.  (uinpOf«cl  of  tllppcry  elm  bnrk.  llcori<~e.  •in^'ar  And 
(  rcxUene.  They  can't  barm  you.  Of  >«>ur  diu^.:i6t  or  from 
u«.  I'T  ia  ttsiapa. 


THE  VAPa-aUSOLm  CO.,«CMtk^St,H«»  Tarli 

or  t-eeminy-Mlles  H'<lldYin{.  M..ittrr.vl.  C.inadi 


IMPORTANT  TO  SUBSCRIBERS 

When  you  notify  The  Outlook  of  a 
change  in  your  address,  both  the  old 
and  the  new  address  should  be  g^ven. 
Kindly  write,  if  possible,  two  weeks 
before  the  change  is  to  take  effect 


U.  S.  Army  or  Navy 
Red  Cross,  Y.  M.  C  A. 
and  Allied  Organizations 

Letten  of  Credit,  which  are  the  taf  e«t  and 

moit  convenient  medium  (or  carrying  funds, 

are  issued  by  us,  ^ee  of  conunitsion, 

to  those  engaged  in  war  work. 


Wm  havm  al»e  —nl  our  Amtrican  rmprm- 
»*mlaliv  la  Franea  for  f  Ac  eoniwnfanc* 
of  our  frionJs,  with  hmoJoaartor*  at 
tiko  offic*  of  Iht  Crmdit  Commareial 
dm  Franco,    20  Rum  Lafaymllm,    Pari: 


BROWN  BROTHERS  &  CO. 

Philadelphia  NEW  YORK  Barton 

BROWN,  SHIPLEY  &  COMPANY 

Fotukdera  Court.  X^othbory  Oflloa  for  Timvelerv 

LONDON.  K.  0.  l£l  PaU  UftU,  LONDON.  &  W. 


Plush 

Motor  Car 


Famous  since  t86/ — the  choke  today 

Durable  *  Luxurious 
Beautiful  •  Warm 

Chase  Plush  Robes  will  outwear, 
many  times  over,  other  woven 
robes  -  remaining  fast  in  color 
and  intact  over  a  long  period 
of  severe  usage. 

They  Protect  Like  the 
Coat  of  Fur  on  Animals 
Made  of  the  choicest  materials- 
nothing  for  dust  or  germs  to  ad- 
here to  -  sanitary  and  easily 
cleansed.  Scores  of  uniquei 
wonderful  patterns. 

AT   VOUR    DEALCn'S  -WfllTC  FOM    CATAIOO 

L.  C.  CHASE  &  CO.,  BOSTON 

NCI*'  voa«  OMicAao  octrqit  aar*  paaNCioco 
Ltodtrt  tn  Manu/acluring  Sinew  1 84/ 


Digitized  by 


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566 


THE   OUTLOOK 


■iiiillllilil 


Woman's  Hand-Embroidered  and  Initialed    50c  each. 


m 
i 


McCutcheorfs 

Christmas  Handkerchiefs 
for  Men  and  Women 

WN  THIS  YSAR  of  useful  gifts,  we  suggest  Pure  Linen  Hand- 
^  kerchiefs  from  "The  Linen  Store'  as  most  appropriate  re- 
membrances for  both  men  and  women. 

V/e  have  never  had  a  finer  selection  of  Handkerchiefs,  of  all 
kinds — plain,  Hand-Embroidered,  and  Initialed — than  is  now  on 
display  on  our  Main  Floor. 

Holiday  Handkerchief  purchases  will  be  packed  in  McCutcheon 
"  Spinning  Wheel "  boxes  upon  request. 


For  Women 


A  fine  selection  lirom  which  to 
choose. 

5ioi«*,  Hand-Embroidarad,  SOc,  65, 79, 

$1.00  each  and  np. 

SpanUh,  Hand-Embroldarad,  3Se,  90, 

65,  75,  $1.00  each  and  ap. 

/rwA,  Hand-Embroidered,  2Sc, 

35,  50,  75,  $1.00  each  and  up. 

Madmira,  Hand-Embroidered, 

35c,  50,  75,  85,  $1.00  each  and 

up. 

InitiaUi,    $3.00,    4.00,    6.00, 

7.80  per  doaen  and  up.  **r-  nmOi-Mae* 


For  Men 

Good,  serviceable  Handker- 
chiefs, initialed  or  with  Cord, 
Cross-bar  and  Tape  effects, 
that  are  sure  to  please  "  Him." 
/fiMolMf,  $6.00,  7.80,  9.00,  12.00,  per 
dozen  and  up. 

Plain  Hunatitehmd,  $4.00, 
6.00,  7  JO,  9.00  par  dosen  and 
op. 

Generous  in  sise,  wide  or  nar- 
row hems. 

Khaki  Unmn  for  AmtyJUmn, 
6Sc  and  75  each. 


MAIL  ORDER  SERVICE :  Any  of  the  Handkerchiefs 
described  or  illustrated  may  be  ordered  with  complete 
satisfaction  through  our  Mail  Order  Service. 

James  McCutcheon  &  Co. 

Fifth  Avenue,  34th  and  33d  Streets,  N.  Y. 


Men's,  Cord  effects  and  Initialed,  75e  each. 

■I 


COMRADES  IN  COURAGE 

By    LIEUT.    ANTOINE    REDIER 
ONE  of  the  three  truly  great  books  that  the  war  has  brought  forth  in  France  both  as 

a  literary  achievement  and  as  a  popular  success. 
Believing  that  nuuiy  readers  of  The  Ontlook  wonld  like  to  have  and  preserve  this  thrilling  and  interest- 
iiw  story  of  the  war,  we  have  made  a  special  arrangement  with  the  paolishers,  Doubleday,  Page  &  Co., 
which  enables  us  to  oifer  it  in  combination  with  a  year's  subscription  to  The  (hitlook  at  the  special  price 
of  J4.50  for  the  two.  The  retail  price  of  the  book  alone  is  SI. 40,  net.  It  is  attractively  bound  in  cloth, 
and  will  make  a  most  welcome  Christmas  gift.  Only  a  limited  number  of  volumes  are  at  onr  disposal  for 
this  special  offer,  and  the  mipply  will  soon  ha  exhausted.  Therefore  it  is  important  that  yon  shonld  send 
your  order  at  once  if  yon  wish  to  secure  one  of  these  books  at  the  special  oombinatioa  price  named. 

THE  OUTLOOK  c^""*""' 


4  December 

BY  THE   WAY 

Attentive  readers  of  The  Outlook  will 
remember  that  in  oar  issue  of  October  23 
a  letter  vras  printed  in  this  column  from 
Michael,  our  one-time  "printer's  devil,'* 
now  a  soldier  in  France.  A  later  lett» 
from  Michael  tells  in  simple  language  that 
he  has  been  wounded :  "  WhOe  we  wei« 
fighting  in  the  Cambrai  and  St.  Qnentin 
sectors  I  received  a  bullet  in  my  lower  left 
leg.  It  made  three  separate  holes  in  it ;  and 
I  believe  it  must  have  been  an  explosive 
buUet.  I  sustained  a  coiuponnd  fracture  of 
the  fibula,  but  it  tends  to  a  speedy  recov- 
ery, so  the  doctor  and  the  sisters  say.  I 
have  been  laid  ap  for  a '  month  to-day.  I 
got  it  on  Sunday,  September  29."  The 
offensive  daring  which  Michael  "got  it" 
was  one  of  the  biggest  of  the  war — that  in 
which  the  "  Hindenbnrg  line  "  was  broken ; 
and  Michael  can  remember  with  pride  to 
his  last  hour  that  he  f  ought  a  g;ood  figfat  on 
one  of  the  most  glorioas  days  of  the  great 
war. 

Mr.  E.  y.  Lucas,  the  E^lish  eaaayist, 
tells  of  an  innkeeper  who  in  his  wiO  set 
apart  the  interest  on  £300  for  an  annual 
supper  to  the  newsboys  of  his  town  ;  and 
of  another  man  who  left  the  interest  oa 
£1,000  to  pay  for  «a  treat"  to  certam 
school-children, "  to  be  in  the  nature  of  a 
surprise."  Mr.  Lacas  lihhself  would  liketa 
leave  the  interest  on  £1,000  "  to  that  maker 
of  chests-of-drawers  whose  drawers  pre> 
sented  least  resistance  to  the  user  "  ! 

The  power  of  the  five-and-ten-cent  stoiet 
is  shown  in  the  taet  that,  according  to  the 
"  Dramatic  Mirror,"  the  popular  muse 
publishers  have  not  been  able  to  raiae  the 
price  of  their  product, "  all  'because  the  ten- 
cent  stores  won't  permit  it."  Popular  sheet 
music,  it  seems,  is  a  big  item  in  these 
stores,  and  as  they  can't  raise  their  priee- 
lirait,  the  publishers  have  had  so  £ar  t* 
keep  to  the  old  prices. 

Meriel  Buchanan,  daughter  of  the  fonnef 
English  Ambassador  jto  Russia,  tells  this 
story  of  the  anarchy  in  Petrograd  in  her 
book  "The  City  of  Trouble:"  "A  maa 
was  stopped  by  a  band  of  thieves  and 
robbed  oi  his  watch  and  money  and  his 
coat.  Shivering,  he  said  to  one  of  the  rolv- 
hers,  '  You  might  at  least  give  me  your 
coat  in  exchange.  Mine  was  new  and  yours 
is  old,  and  you  can't  want  both  coats.* 
After  some  hesitation  tlie  thief  nive  hia 
hu  dirty  old  sheepskin  coat,  which  Icept  ths 
victim  from  perisning.  Arrived  at  his  lodg- 
ings, he  took  oft  the  coat  and  found  in  it 
what  was  evidently  the  result  of  the  rob- 
ber's day :  three  or  four  diamond  rings 
and  a  sum  of  money  far  exceeding  that  of 
which  he  had  been  robbed  himself!" 

Senator  Smith,  of  Greorg^  is  i-eparted 
to  have  introduced  this  anecdote  as  part  of 
an  after-dinner  speech  :  "  Grenuan  militar- 
ism set  out  to  overran  the  world.  Before 
the  disasters  that  have  befallen  it,  however, 
Grennan  militarism  most  now  be  feeling  a 

food  deal  like  Cal  Clay.  Calhoun  Clay  of 
'aint  Rock  was  fishing  for  tarpon  in  Flor- 
ida, and  he  hooked  such  a  big  one  tliat  it 
pulletl  him  overboard.  As  Cal  went  over 
the  side  of  tlie  boat  and  tore  through  the 
water  in  the  tarpon's  wake  he  said :  'Whja 
Ah  wants  to  know  is  dis: — is  dis  niggah  a- 
fishin',  or  dis  fish  a-niggerin'  ?" 

The  American  ship-bnilding  records  fur 
October,  a  month  m  which  all  previous 
reconls  in  any  country  were  surpassed  u 
the  deliveries  of  completed   vessels,    may 

Digitized  by  y<JKJKJWl\^ 


918 


THE   OUTLOOK 


By  the  Way  (Continued) 
rell  make  Americans  proud.  The  Pacific 
ioiLSt  led  all  aections  oi  the  conntrv,  with  a 
otal  of  30  vessels  of  190,400  dead-weight 
ona  ;  the  Atlantic  Coast  yards  completed 
L7  vessels  of  102,000  tons;  the  Great 
Liakes  built  21  vessels  of  73i000  tons  ;  and 
Tom  the  Gulf  States  came  9  vessels  of 
13,200  tons. 

Why  has  platinum  been  in  such  demand 
luringthe  war?  asks  "  Popular  Mechanics," 
uid  answers  its  question  thus:  "Without 
he  presence  of  a  small  amount  of  platinum, 
Mil^uric  acid  cannot  be  formed  from  oxy- 
gen, water,  and  sulphur  dioxide ;  and  sul- 
>huric  acid  is  a  vital  ingredient  in  high 
ixploaives.  For  instance,  only  a  compara- 
ively  harmless  liquid  is  obtained  by  mixing 
glycerine  and  nitnc  acid.  But  when  sulphu- 
-ic  acid  is  added,  nitroglycerine  is  bom.  In 
i  similar  manner,  sulphuric  acid  is  needed 

0  make  guncotton  and  TNT."  So  it  comes 
ibout  that  it  has  been  unpatriotic  to  have 
nach  platinum  jewelry  in  one's  possession ! 

For  the  first  time  in  eighteen  years,  it  is 
laifl,  a  regular  barge  service  has  oeen  insti- 
nted  on  the  Mississippi  River  between  St. 
Lionis  and  New  Orleans.  The  steamer 
!7okomi8  towed  the  first  fleet  of  barges, 
irhich  carried  2,200  tons  of  wheat  and 
ither  supplies  for  France.  The  great  river 
nay  thus  perhaps  again  become  what  it  was 
n  the  stirring  days  described  by  Mark 
Fwain  in  his  book  "Life  on  the  Missis- 
tippi." 

They  had  been  bitter  enemies  for  many 
rears,  tlie  "  Typographic  Messenger  "  says. 
\t  a.meeting  of  meir  lodge  on^ew  Year's 
»ve  a  mutual  friend  endeavored  to  bring 
kbout  a  reconciliation.  He  succeeded — 
intil  the  new-made  friends  were  about  to 
lart.  Then  Jenkins  took  WeUer  by  the 
land  an^  said  :  "  All  right,  Weller,  let  us 
M  friends.  I  wish  you  a  happy  New  Year 
lod  all  the  luck  you  wish  me."  "  Now ! 
low !"  exclaimed  Weller,  "  see  1  You  are 
ilready  starting  misciiief  again  I" 

A  curious  statute  of  the  State  of  Missouri, 
passed  in  1909,  has  been  declared  invalid. 
It  made  it  unlawful  for  any  person  to  enter 

1  passenger  train  while  intoxicated,  but 
excepted  dining  and  private  cars  from  the 
provisions  of  the  act  1  If  the  drunken  man, 
it  would  seem,  was  sufficiently  steady  on 
hia  legs  to  find  his  way  to  the  dining-car, 
lie  eovSd  board  the  train. 

A  oniqne  memorial,  according  to  "  Amer- 
ican Art  News,"  is  to  be  raised  to  tiie 
memory  of  Mr.  Augustus  Link  at  the  Car- 
negie Museum,  Pittsburgh.  It  will  consist 
of  a  glass  case  in  which  various  specimens 
of  snakes  will  be  exhibited.  Mr.  Link  was 
employed  by  the  Museum.  He  was  lectur- 
ing on  serpents  before  a  class  in  the  Car- 
negie Institute  of  Technology.  He  held  in 
his  hand  a  live  rattlesnake.  "  At  the  close  of 
the  lecture,"  says  the  paper  quoted,  "  Mr. 
Link  replaced  the  snake  in  a  glass  case, 
and  a  few  moments  later  a  student  called 
his  attention  to  a  spot  of  blood  on  the  end 
of  one  of  his  fingers.  Early  the  next  morn- 
ing Mr.  Link  died." 

"  What  took  me  to  Birmingham,"  says 
a  member  of  the  staff  of  tne  London 
"  Sphere,"  "  was  to  see  a  play, '  Abraham 
Lincoln,'  by  John  Drinkwater,  the  poet. . . . 
W^e  see  Lmcoln  as  a  king  among  men, 
always  dominating  events.  .  .  .  Certainly 
'  Abraham  Lincom '  deserves  to  be  put 
upon  t)ie  stage  in  London,  and  might  pos- 
sibly, in  these  days  of  vivid  interest  in 
America,  secure  a  great  success." 


W^mmu^m: 


This  year  your  Christmas  giving  must  be  in- 
fluenced by  motives  of  patriotic  conservation. 
Plants  and  flowers  combine  magnificence  and 
beauty  with  appeal  to  the  higher  senses.  They 
are  more  able  conveyers  of  true  sentiment  than 
any  man-made  creations. 

Plants  and  flowers  are  nature's  product.  To  send  them 
this  year  as  Christmas  gifts  or  New  Year's  remem- 
brances is  practical  patriotism.  It  preserves,  eytn  increases, 
the  Christmas  spirit  —  it  interferes  with  no  government 
program  —  it  aids  your  ihrifi  efforts,  since  plants  and 
flowers,  are  comparatively  modest  in  cost. 

Visit  your  florist's  shop.  See  for  yoursel/  the  exquisite  gift  ct^a- 
tions  of  the  florsl  craft.  You'll  be  amazed  at  what  may  be  pur- 
phased  at  a  trifling  cost.  - 

Do  you  know  that   by  tht 
utfofthcFloriftt'Tftegraph   /i 
DtUxry  Serrice  you   can  ^, 
havt  your  order  delivered  iit .» 

any  city  anywhere  ii 

the   United  Stalet    o 

Canada  in  a  few  hourt 


le'^M ' 


/ 


ft 


KELSEY  HEALTH  HEAT 

NO  snoh  oans  sod  woiriea. 
O  hisiiiiK  of  radiaton. 
\o  thumping  and  banging  of  pipes. 
Xo  ooiae.  No  diut.  No  gas. 


\othiiig  but  jost  a  contentment  giy- 
ingjni 


ing;   heat  producing;   warm  air 
heat. 


HE 


.\  heat  that  ventilates  when  it  beats. 
Send  for  tjaving  Sense  Booklet. 

T 

I  WARM   AIR 

230  James  Street,  STracnsa,  N.  Y. 

HEW  TOU  CBKACO 

103-V  Put  Amu  217-TW.  UktSl. 

MBTM  DEnon 

MM  r.  a  S«.  Ml.         SmSS-TMin'Eiik 


f^EsLSEV 

AIR  OLntswronX 


u 


=a 


Have  the 

Vitality,  Good  Figure 

of  a  Soldier 

NOTICE  onr  soWiei-s  aud  sailors  I  How 
a/fTf ,  actixft  and  alive  !  Kyes  sparkle  ; 
checks  glow;  step  is  elastic. 

They  are  most  striking  example  of 
what  yon  and  other  woiueu  can  be. 

Ihave  l>t^eiil>iiildiii)j  up  women  tuiuhastlie 
w-ar  hafl  bef  n  ImiMinj:  our  aoWierai,  for  Iti  years. 
I  have  h(.li<*Mi  8.'>.hh»  womwi. 

Does  your  tinnre  pleaae  yrm'i  Dovwi  staua 
and  breatlie  correctly  ?  II  not.  I  can  help  you. 

If  you  are  thin,  frail  and  "  nui  down  "^  let  me 
help  you  build  up.  If  you  are  overweiKht,  let  me 
help  you  nMlure.    If  a(liift*Hl  with  any  sort  of 
chronic  ailment,  let  niw  liflp  y""  to  Adopt  tiie. 
eimple.  nutun*!  trpatmrnta  to  vnnr  nidividuaJ 
caj*e.     My  iHipils    use  ni> 
dru^ti,  no  niiHiii-ine«  ;  tht* y 
an"  eivfu  the  wrnonal  di- 
rectloiin  adapl*^  to  ea^h 
iinlividnarn  iipwla. 

L^adiuK  jihyaiciaiis  a^>- 
prove  mv  work.  Tht-tr 
wives  and  dautfhterit  are 
my  pupils.  Mo»t  critical 
nia*jazint'8  endorw  me. 
You  t-au  refer  to  tliem. 

Sh;\ll    1    lell    yuu    liiorr    , 
alwutft?  Ilitw.by  |>cr<u>nal 
torre^pfiinlcncc.     I     lrr.»l 
cnh  i»iii'll  in  Ihe  nrim.  v 
of  her  homer     I  ilun  \'- 
ijiad  t"  seii'l  yoti  lliio  m 
(..riiMtiuii  «illn>ut  ih4r^;(  .     I 
If  later  >  nu  naril  mv  Tf  \ 
i.  r-i.  >..■!  vmII  tii>4llie  ■  ■-! 
III....1  r<-.i^<>ii.>blc. 
6«»i  iMMk  mtd  tpsrlMl  fir"* 
tri  pntalMt  aaMlB.    1  ("I  ""' 
•.li.if   )..ii  hi."  tu  t;rt  thrill. 

SUSANNA  COCROFT 

Dfpt.    K 

U'.!4  S.  .>il<'ltlK»n  Av. 

C'liii'HiC)).  III. 


''hiQitipnq^v 


568 


THE   OUTLOOK 


THi  OUTLOOE  OASSDIED  ADVERTISING  SEOION 

AdvertUlDK  Rates :  HoteU  and  RaaorU,  AputmHiU,  Toon  ud  Tmval, 
Rol  Kitite,  Lin  Mock  uid  Poultr;,  fifty  oanti  per  a^to  line,  (oar  coUmuu  to 
tlw  |an.  VtH  la*  ttam  (our  linee  ucepted.  In  filyiUttlng  moe  nqolnd  for  an 
adTeraaaaMnt,  OMdit  an  avenge  o<  lix  woida  to  tbe  line  unlaw  dbpiay  type  ia  deairad. 

*'  Want "  adaetManneuta,  under  the  Tarioua  lieadinn,  "  Boardand  Rooma,"  "  Help 
Wanted,".  atOM  tea  oanta  (or  each  word  or  initial,  lacladins  the  addran,  lor  eacB 
inacrtlon.  IM  Uratwoid  of  each  "  Want "  adrartiaement  la  aet  in  capital  lattera 
wlttaoat  additional  charge.  Other  worda  may  be  aet  iu  capMala,  U  deeired,  at  double 
rataa.  U  anaweia  are  to  be  addraaaed  in  care  ot  The  Outlook,  twanty-Uvc  cents  la 
chaiged  (or  tlie  box  luimher  named  In  the  advertiaement.  Repllea  a-ill  be  forwarded  by 
oa  to  the  adTertlaer  and  bill  (or  poatage  randeied.  Special  headfaigi  appropriate  to  the 
dMaztDMat  may  be  arraufed  (or  ou  application. 

Ordan  and  oopy  for  Cluaifled  AdTertlaementa  muat  be  reoeiTed  with  reniittMMM  ten 
daya  before  the  data  on  which  it  la  Intended  the  advertiaement  ahaU  firat  appear. 

Mdress:   AUVEKTISING   DEPARTMENT.  THE  OUTLOOK 

381  FOURTH  AVENUE,  NEW  YORK  CITY 


Hotels  and  Resorts 


CALIFORNIA 


San  Ysidro  Ranch 

Bonsalowa  of  variotia  aiaea  aitnated  on  the 
footfalua  amaw  oranse  grovea,  orerkwkbiK 
theaea.  Oaotnl  dininff-room.eleotrlo  Uxhta, 
hot  and  ookl  mterrsiz  auea  from  Siui* 


BaibaiB,  two  mUaa  from  aoean.  Booklet.  Ad- 
dreaa  Mra.  HArLkIOH  JOHNSTON,  Ban 
Taldro  Baaah,  Santa  Barbaia,  California. 


FLORIDA 


Ofg-A-.-  rf* »-       Accommodationa.. (or 

nianr  UnetO  (our.  Healthful  home, 
lake.  batUivt,  fiahbK,  hnntiw,  uM  "  book- 
g?  AdSiM  pTo.  Bo»  Ig.  ATon  Park,  F>i. 

SA^INdlfiliB   COTTAGES 


Reatrlotad  raaldential  reaort  near  (amons 
Belleair  Oott  Linka.  Auto  aervice  to  St. 
FMerabun  and  Cleanrata'.  Cottagea  (ur- 
nlahed-aO  oity  oonTadiencea  tMO  to  MtW 
(or  aeaaon.  Surf  BatbluK.  Boating.  Fiahiug. 
SeaFooda.  Fruita.  SendTor  Ulmtrated  (older. 
ilCe.,hiO.UHlMb.Fk. 


HOTEL  PURITAN 

CoBUMNiwctttBi  An.  Aoston 
TH£  DISTIMCnVE  BOSTON  HOUSC 
Oitot TMtcra  cd  Uh  Purttwi mcar 


DM  nwf  hodi^ikc  MtcU  In  tht  wort^ 
Ybur  Inqulrm  ^aAy  ma 
■nd  our  booMct  milled 


/■uwcrcd 


H  Tm  An  Tnti  m  Nal  Fatliii  Wdl 

yon  oaanat  find  a  mora  comfortable  place  in 
New  Xngland  than 

THE  WELDON  HOTEL 

OBBENFIEI.b.  MASS. 
It  Utotit  aU  tba  comforta  at  liome  without 
axtiavagance.  .   . 


NKW    YORK    CITY 

Hotel  Le  Marquis 

;  airt  StTMt  &  Fifth  Avanoe 
New  York 

OomtafaMt  mwwtf  ooarmimacv  aad  lionw 
oomfort,  ikiMl  oomm«H|i  itaslf  to  paopte  of 
foAavitfinir  ttbldnc  to  nr«  oii  AmflHcui  Ptaui 
Md ,  be  wtthin  mm-j  nmch  ot  mxM  and  dn- 
■n£|c  oBDtm. 

R«oa  and  hath  •4.SD  par  day  with  utMla.  or 
•3JW  par  day  witkoat  mealt. 


Hotels  and  Resorts 


NKW    YORK   OITY 


BOTEL  JtDSON  ^^ffa'Si'^?" 

adjoining  Judaon  Manrorial  Oliaroh.   Kooma 

ritliout  batli.  Rataa  tUW  par  day, 

IQr  two  weaka 


adjoining  Jc 
wiuTandwII 


Including  maala.  Special  ratea  ,^ 

or  more.  Location  very  oantral.  Gonvenieut 
to  all  el^vaeeil  kikI  nr.rfwt  rar  Ihiaa. 


NORTH    CAROLI NA 


Ipinrfnnsl 

^  NORTH  CAROLINA 

off«n  thtfl  Maaon  a  railed  and  in- 

t*»v»*wtiiijr  iwhfKiiilf  ()f  sitortfl  aitd 

niHiiiiirs.  ^oll'    tr)i|>  slioot- 

11 K    riifiiiic-  i-ldiiit;    (IriT- 

hiK-  in(>t<irtii;f  -teiinlii 

CAROLINA    HOTEL 

now  open 

Deliglitfiil  weathfi'  in  I><H-eiu- 

Imji— likp  Ittlf  Kail  in 

New  }-ljtKland. 

For    /i''sirriitian.t    or 

IiiJoniKition  iuhhra*  : 

General   Office,    Piachant,   Nortli 

CaroDna.  or   LEONARD    TUFTS. 

282  CoDfreu  St..  Bestoo 


Health  Resorts 


Sanford     Hall,    est.   1841 

Private  Hoapital 
For  Mental  and  Nervoui  Oiaeates 

Comfortable,  lionielike  ■nrtonnd- 
'inga ;  niodeni  methoda  of  treatment ; 
oompetent  nnraes.  15  acrea  of  lawn, 
park,  flower  and  regetable  gardena. 
Food  the  beet.    Write  for  booklet. 

Sanford  H«ll  nuahint  New  York 


Health  Resorts 


Crest  View   Sanatorium 

OraenwIoh.Ot.  rirat-elaaainallieapecu 
hooa  Gomtoita.       B.  M.  HnvHCOox.  II.D. 


'INTERPINES 


f* 


Beautiful,  quiet,  reatful  and  homelike.  Over 
36  yeara  oTaocceaaful  work.  Thorougli.  re- 
liable, dapaodable  and  ethical.  Erery  coin, 
fort  and  conTanlmo^.  Accommodatlona  of 
aoperior  quality.  Diaorder  of  the  nerroua  aya- 
tam  anadaltT.  Fred.  W.  Saward.  Sr..  M.l>.. 
Fred.  tf.  Seward.  Jr..  M.D..  Ocahen.  S.  V. 


I  INDENI'Ae  Meal  Place  ier  Skk 

Paeaie  to  Gel  Wall 
DarleMawa.  Pa.  !*„  initltutlon  derated  t; 
the  penonal  atudr  and  ipaclalixed  treat- 
ol  liie  iuTalid.  liaaMge.  RIactridty. 


Hydrotherapr-     Apply  for  cirouhu-  to 

RoaaaT  Lvpimoott  WALraa.  H.D. 

(lata  of  Tbe  Walter  Sanitariunil 


Dr.  Reeves'  Sanitarium 

A  Private  Home  for  chroaic.  nervoua.  and 
tal  eatlanta.  Alioalderlypaqple requiring 
.  Harriat  «■  RaeTea, M.KMeiroaa, Maaa. 


Apartments 


CODPI.E  deaite  Hmall  Fnrnlahed 
Apartment  iu  New  York  Suburb 
for  wmter.  No  childreu.  Muat  be  aaaured 
ample  heat.  Reaaouable  price.  »,aa.  Outtook. 


Real  Estate 


NEW  YORK 


Rural  Life  Co.  k«-««'J;.«"' 

tMfAa  U  acre,  farm  with  toola.  Pumiahed 
co^taK^  bama,  brook  and  fruit.    Price  «MM. 


MONET- Making  farms— 

17  8TATIt8-<10  to  tXO  acre.  Stock,  toola. 
cropa  often  Included  to  aettle  quickly.  Write 
for  big  ilhlatiated  catatnrua.  STROin' 
FARM  AOKNCr.  DepTtTft.  Sew  rork. 


CHRISTMAS   OIFTS 

COPLET  CRAFT  CHRISTMAS  CARIM. 
Hand-colored,  with  apedaity  appropriate 
veraea.  Sent  on  appiDTiU.  CoualgnmeiKa  for 
aalea.  DiaoonnU  to  tbcaa  aelllng  amongf rfeuda. 
Jeiaie  A.  Mcincol,  U  HontinKtou  Ara.,  Boa- 
ton,  " 


TIAOHERS    WaWTED 

TEACHKRS  wanted  for  all  denartmautii  of 
Ment  and 


HELP  WANTED 

Oompanlonaaad  Domostis  Holper* 

SUPKRINTKNDENTS,  aecietariea,  gov- 
enieeaea.matrona,dietitiana,  motliera*  lielpera. 
oompauiona,  etc.  The  Wiltou  Exchange.  Box 
-/;«,  St.  Joaepli,  Mtchigaii. 

WANTED— A  pleaaaut,  capable  woman  aa 
working  hmiaekeeper  in  family  of  two.  Couii- 
tirf^UraM  414,  SoitndaK  N.  T. 

WANTED— ReHned  woman  aa  cowpanioil 
to  girl  o(  4.  Referancea  required.  Hra.  J.  R. 
Sanford,  Cornwall,  Coon. 

Teaehars  and  Qovarnaaaaa 

OOTERNR88E8, 

era,    cafeteria    uanagel^    

Ricfamrda,  Box  J,  Beat  Bide  Station,  

denoe.    Boaton,    18  Jaokaon    Hall,    Trinity 
Contt,  Tburadaya.  11  to  1. 

OOVKRNES8  to  take  entire  chante  of  two 
giria,  9  and  6.  One  who  haa  liad  previoua  ex- 
perieuoe  and  who  can  play  plauo  and  give  pre- 
liminary inatruotion.  Stale  referauoe,  age, 
and  aalary  expected.  «,417,  Outlook. 


,  matrona.  mothera'  heli*- 
iiagera.^ietitiaua.  Mia< 
Seat  Side  Station,  Prori- 


HELP  WANTED 


Taachars  and  Qoramaaaw 

WAltTKD— Competent  taaohara  lor  pabhc 
and  prirmta  aehoola  and  oollagaa.  Bead  for  Iml- 
letin-  Albany  Teaohera'  Agency,  Albany.  gT. 

SITUATIONS  WANTED 

Bualnaaa  aituatlons 

HKNTLEMAN  wanta  phoe  aa  Baaapr. 
aecreUry,  or  oompanion.  Bank  nluvmm 
of  tM,m.  Would  hire  help,  tend  cnkBK, 
accounta.  etc.  Uavd  H.  Wright,  »*;  Arch  St., 
Philadelphia,  Fa. 

A  lady  of  refinement,  edncation,  and  expm- 
euce  dMlrea  a  poaitlan  either  aa  legMtiarbi  & 
iirirate  ichool  or  aa  a  compankm  aiii  laliiy  to 
iitt  elderly  lady.  Excellent  leCerencea.  (,<U, 
Outlook. 

WIDOW  of  clergyman  deairea  poaMioa  M 
pariah  aaaiatant  or  church  riaitor.  Tn  y«i^ 
experience  in  all  Uiiea  of  chujch  work.  Hkt,. 
eat  TC<areucea.  «,4^  OuUook- 

Oomaanlona  aaj  Domaatic  Halpen 
WIDOW,  relhied,  with  child   four  jmn. 

ileairea  poaitiou  aa  oompanion  or  houaeketfrr 

where  one  or  mora  maaSa  are  kepC    Out  U 

town  preterred.  6,430,  Oatlook- 
TOtTNG  woman  dedrea  poaitian  aa  naiwr; 

govenieai  or  aoapanlon.    Ten  yeata'  experv 

eiice.  Uaed  to  traveling.  6,418,  Ontfeok. 
ORAOUATK    uarae,    faighlr    oaltrnanL 

orphan,  deeirea  poaltion   naeful 

with  invalid  gentleman,  anny 

f  erred.  Higfaeat  credantiala.  «,4a, 

MISCELLANEOUS 

PATRIonSIi  by  Lrnma  AHntt,  aki>  4 
vailea  of  Ameiioa— The  Pledge  to  tba  Flw- 
1  veraea  of  Tba  StarSpaagled  Bannar,  al  B  > 
Uttla  leaflet.  Further  the  cauae  of  FMiictH 
by  diatributing  in  your  latten.  In  i»y  aavii- 
i^aa,  in  aehoola,  churohea,  cmba,  and  audal 
gatbaringa. '  M»  aant  prepaid  for  »  eaatt. 
Arthur  HTMorae,  MoBteliiSrif.  J. 

WANTED,  by  aodal  worker  hi  aaal  Srw 
Jeney  town,  a  home  for  le  jmr  M  hq 
(Italian)  whom  it  ia  naoaaary  to  move  bnu 
preeant  eovlmament.  6,aM,  Outloak. 

OIRUaightaen,  needi  mooey  to  alksd 
aehooLWiUpay  back  whan  thnjogh.  Plw« 
write  6,4111,  Outbok. 

M.  W.  WMitmaa  A  Co.  ebaptkm  A«acy. 
eatabliahadUU.  No  chaiwe ;  pcooipt  djaarj. 
44  Waat  2ld  St.,  New  Tork. 

WANTED,  by  elderty  oonpta,  for  caA  ray- 
ment,  permanent  reaidmice  m  amaU  aiaia 
outalde  of  New  Torlc  6,4U,  Ontloak. 

EXCEPTIONAL  oimortunity  forhaawar 
twoortlireeohBdren  &  Moaachir,  N.J.  Brf- 
erenoea  glTeuaod  required.  ■,42i,  Ootlaak- 


YOUR  WANTS  IS  EVKRT  UXB 
of  bniuehold,  edncational.  buaJacMi,  w 
pemonal  aerviue  —  douteatic  workcn, 
teiu-hers,  nnraes,  bmnnefla  or  pra(«*- 
sioual  aanstiuita,  etu.,  etc. — wbethrr 
yon  require  help  or  are  aeekinir  a  ataa- 
tion,  limy  'b<^  filled  through  a  little 
Hiinonucenifent  in  the  CUUJKIFIED 
COLUMNS  OK  THK  OUTLOOK. 
If  you  have  acme  artiole  to  ad  «r 
excluinge,  theae  oolniuaa  may  prow  of 
real  ralne  to  yon  aa  they  liare  to  manr 
otheie.  Send  for  deaoriptiTe  amba 
and  order  bbwk  AND  FILL  TOTK 
WANTS.  Addreaa 
Depnrtment  of  Claamiied  AHvestisBC 
THE  OUTLOOK 
381  Fonrth  Avenue.  New  Tack 


THE  RED  TRIANGLE 

Association  Press  announces  the  following  new 
"Books  with  Purpose" 

Christian  Ethics  in  the  World  War,  W.  D.  Mackenzie.  $i  joo 
The  Democratic  Movement  in  Asia,  Tyler  Dennett.  i  .50 
The  Romance  of  the  Red  Triangle,  Sir  Arthur  Yapp.       tjoo 

The  Law  of  Social  Justice,  Hugh  E.  Willis 1.00 

Finding  the  Comrade  God,  G.  Walter  Fiske 75 

International  Aspects  of  Christianity,  Ozora  S .  Davis,      i  .ao 

In  (electing  your  Christinas  gifts  remember  "Booka  with 
Pwrpo—,"  particularly  the  Everyday  Life  Series,  which 
are  made  so  ptrsonal  by  the  daily  use  feature.  At  your 
booksellers  or  catalogue  on  request. 

ASSOCIATION  PRESS,  347  Madison  Ave.,  New  York 

Digitized  by  VJWVJVIC 


THE  OUTLOOK 


565* 


Artlfietat  "  mmlnAn  *'  weaken  your 
memorv.  Train  ytmr  memofy  io  retu 
uponttaeif. 


All  th{$  b  like  patUi^  jfour  memoru 
on  cnifcAes.  U$e  memory  power  in- 
Mkad  of  tnattag  to  memory  "  tridfcs.  '* 


Mot9  rtKrdai  effort  k  feathi  Ineoloed 
in  tuing  memory  **  irick$ "  than  in 
improoing  your  memory. 


It  ii  wholh  anneeeBBory  io  be  a  ataoe 
to  forget  fwnat.  Your  memory  ie  a 
natural  power  which  Inlelllgeni  db- 
oehpment  will  make  prieeleu. 


Memory  Power  Instead  of 
Memory  Tricks 

How  in  One  Evening  Anyone  Can  Easily  Learn  the  Secret  of  a  Natural  Memory 


\WHY  have  a  memory  that  is  an  em- 
''  barrassment — an  impediment — a 
detriment  to  your  success  in  life?  An 
excellent  memory — in  fact,  one  so  re- 
markable as  to  seem  to  your  friends 
ahnost  phenomenal,  is  now  easily  ob- 
tained. So  quickly  indeed  do  results 
come  with  David  M.  Roth's  Memory 
Method  that  a  single  evening  spent  with 
the  first  lesson  will  greatly  increase 
your  power  of  memory. 

Everyone  longs  to  have  a  good 
memory.  You  know  yourself  how  many 
times  you  have  wished  for  it.  But  you 
thought  a  good  memory  was  a  God-sent 
gift  It  isn't.  The  Roth  Memory  Course 
will  give  you  a  better  memory  in  one 
evening  and  the  few  minutes  a  day 
given  to  the  course  will,  in  a  few  weeks, 
accomplish  wonders  which  will  astonish 
yourself  and  astound  your  friends. 

How  familiar  is  the  old  phrase, "  remind 
me  to  do  so  and  so,"  and  what  pet  tricks 
most  of  us  have  to  jog  up  our  memories ! 
And  then,  too, "  Oh,  I  do  wish  I  had  a  better 
memory,"  is  probably  one  of  the  most  popa- 


A  Better  N 
Memory 

In  One 
\Evening/ 


Ite  AM^f  IkMry  FMb  ti  DitU  M.  Rolh 

Tlie  Smttle  PoMt-tnteUifimcfriM: 

"Of  the  ISO  ii>Mnbenoftbe8«>ttleRoterTCInbata 
lilnrhean  Tntcnlay  not  oue  Mt  witli  the  •llghbnt  doiibt 
UuU  Mr.  RoUl  ooahl  do  eJI  claimed  for  hnu.  Rotaniuia 
■t  the  meMlne  hitd  to  phich  themaelvea  to  aee  whether 
ther  were  awake  or  not. 

"Mr.  Roth  Marted  hie  exhibition  br  aakliiK  aiity  of 
thoee  preeMit  to  introduce  themselvea  by  name  to  him. 
Then  he  waved  them  aaide  and  requested  a  member  at 
tJie  blacliboard  to  write  down  namea  of  firma.  aentenrea 
and  oiottoe*  on  numbered  aqiiarea,  meanwhile  aittin^ 
wHh  hia  back  to  tlie  writer  and  only  learning  the  poai- 
tiona  by  oral  report.  After  tliia  he  waa  aaked  by  dinereiit 
Rotartana  to  tell  what  waa  written  down  In  Tarioiia  ape- 
ciflc  aqiiarea,  and  gave  the  entire  llat  wiUiuut  a  mistake. 

"  After  llniBhinR  with  thia,  Mr.  Rotli  aiiiKled  out  and 
called  by  name  tlie  aixty  men  to  whom  he  liad  been 
Introduced  earlier,  lAn  in  the  meantime  had  changed 
aeata  and  had  mixed  with  othera  preeeut," 


lar  of  all  that  big  family  of  "  wishes."  But 
we  all  have  had  to  content  ourselves  with 
impractical  memory  "  tricks "  and  idle 
"  wishing  "  because  we  did  not  know  that 
the  power  of  memory  could  be  effectively 
developed  and  improved. 

But  now  comes  David  M.  Roth,  tlie  fa- 
mous memory  expert,  who  proves,  not  only 
by  his  own  amazing  memory  feats  butalso  by 
tne  statements  of  hundreds  of  the  foremost 
business  men  of  America,  tliat  the  memory 
CAN  easily  be  developed  and  improved 
thru  his  wonderful  Memory  Method. 

C.  Louis  Allen,  who  at  <32  years  of  age 
became  president  of  a  million-dollar  corpo- 
ration, the  Pyrene  Manufacturing  Company, 
makers  of  the  famous  tire  extinguisher,  and 
who  is  now  President  of  tlie  Allen  Sales 
Service,  Inc.,  New  York  City,  says  : 

**  Now  that  the  Roth  Wemorj  Courae  ia  flniahed,  I 
want  to  tell  you  how  much  I  have  enjoyed  the 
atudy  of  thia  moat  faacinating  aubiect.  Uaually  theae 
conraea  involTe  a  great  deal  of  drudgery,  but  thia 
liaa  been  nothing  out  pure  pleaaure  all  the  way 
through.  I  have  aerived  mncli  beneHt  from  taking 
the  courae  of  inatructlon  and  feel  that  1  ahall  con- 
tinue to  atrengthen  my  memory.  Tliat  ia  the  beat 
part  of  it.  I  ahall  be  glad  of  an  opportunity  to  recom- 
mend your  work  to  my  frienda.*' 

This  is  only  one  of  the  hundreds  of  letters 
that  come  in  from  all  over  the  country; 
all  emphasizing  the  same  thing— the  sim- 
plicity of  the  system,  and  the  wonderful 
results  achieved  in  a  remarkably  short  time. 

"  PURE  PLEASURE  ALL  THE  WAY  THRU  " 

Mr.  Roth's  course  is,  as  Mr.  Allen  says, 
«  pure  pleasure  all  the  way  thru."  It  is  like 
a  fascinating  game — exce|)t  that  at  the  end 
of  it  you  have  a  vital  benefit  to  show  for 
your  nlaying.  llie  prize  that  you  win  in 
rHI»  game  is  the  power  to  remember 
instantly,  names  and  faces ;  tilings  you  see, 
read  and  hear — speeches ;  statistics,  business 
details,  selling  and  legal  points,  history  and 
dates,  pictures,  references — in  fact,  as  R.  C. 
Bauer,  Recording  Alanager  of  the  New 
York  Pneumatic  Service  Company  says, 
"  everytliing  that  you  want  to  remember." 

We  make  no  claims  fertile  Roth  Memory 
Course  that  we  are  not  prepared  to  back 
up.  No  matter  how  poor  your  memory 
may  be,  we  are  sincerely  certain  that  this 
course,  8iiii)>le  and  easy  as  it  is,  will  trans- 
form your  ineinory  into  the  most  efficient 
and  valuable  fatmlty  that  you  jjossess.  So 
convinced  are   we  of  the   unquestionable 


value  of  this  course  to  yon,  tliat  we  do  not 
ask  you  to  pay  a  penny  until  you  have 
tried  it  out  fa  your  home  to  your  own  satis- 
faction. 

ENTHIE  COURSE  SENT  FREE 

Not  the  slightest  obligation  in  any  way 
do  you  incur  hy  mailing  the  coupon  for  the 
complete  Course  on  trial.  So  confident  is 
the  Independent  Corporation,  the  publishers 
of  the  Roth  Memory  Course,  that  this 
remarkable  method  will  accomplish  for  you 
what  it  has  done  for  hundreds  of  others, 
that  we  will  send  it  to  you  absolutely  free 
for  your  5-day  examination.  If  after  full 
examination  you  decide  that  vou  don't 
want  the  Course,  merely  return  it  and  con- 
sider the  whole  matter  closed.  On  the  other 
hand,  if  you  decide,  as  have  hundreds  of 
others,  that  this  Couree  will  do  wonders 
for  your  memory,  then  merely  send  us  the 
Low  Introductory  Price  of  $6. 

By  mailing  the  coupon  and  examining  the 
Course,  you  lose  nothing  in  any  way,  and 
yet  gain  the  opportunity  to  acquire  the 
enormous  power  for  success  that  an  efficient 
memory  gives.  Yoti  have  always  longed 
for  a  good  memory — a  dependable  memory 
that  will  stand  on  its  own  feet — ^and  now 
you  have  the  assurance  backed  by  Uie 
experience  of  hundreds  of  men  and  women 
from  all  over  the  country,  that  such  a 
memory  is  within  your  easy  reach.  You 
act  unfairly  to  yourself  if  you  neglect  to 
grasp,  without  cost,  this  opportunity  to  test 
what  the  Roth  Memory  Course  will  do  for 
you.  Mail  the  coupon  at  once.  "  Memory 
IS  the  treasurer  oi  tlie  mind,"  and  a  weak 
memory  means  a  life  half  bankrupted. 

m  ^m  ■■  ■■  ^^  ^^  ^^  ^^  ^m  w^  ^^  ■■  ^^  m^  ^^  • 

Independent    Corporation 

DMaN  tf  BuiMu  EAKilin.  DepL  %-22\t  119  W.  4M  St.  New  Ytrli 

J>M»/uJifrt  P/  Tht  huirffu,itHt  {and  Harftr's  it't4kty} 

Plmae  tend  me  the  Roth  Memory  Coune  of  teven  Ifoni 
I  will  f ither  remail  Uie  coune  to  you  withiD  five  dsya  after 
Its  receipt  or  aeod  you  $5. 

Namf 

Aditrru 

P.  0 

State 

y-"^*  Outlook  li-lMS 

Digitized  by  VnC^^VlC 


S66« 


THE  OUTLOOK 


vr^^jn 


\:rA.wm' imsTTn 


Prepare  for   a   shortage 

of  delicacies  this  winter. 

Order  your  supplies  of 

GENESEO 

JAM    KITCHEN 

products  now. 

27u  summer's  /rah  fruits  are 

ready  for  shipment. 

Preab  Pruito,  Jellies,  Jam*, 

Marmalade*    and    Piokle*. 

HONEY— Pure,  extracted  Clover 

Honey.  In  14  ounce  gUaa  jara,  S.'>.00 

per  dcxen.  6  ounce  glasB  jars,  $3.85 

par  dozen. 

BOXES  oi  Gco«teo  Jun  Kitchen  dcli- 
eaciea  make  exeelleat  ChrittniM  gilu. 

Writtfor  Price  LUt 

Miss  ELLEN  H.  NORTH 

GcoMCO  Smm  Kitcben.  CowMO,  M.  Y. 


Iheali 

^^^^^^^^1  tprnal  lljrBmenti   and  CAueH  the 
WW^^^B  liitvrnftl  orK*ni  to    TC*nin«  tb«lr 
WITM  pmper     poattlnnt     and    perform 

th«ir  ftinctlona  tn  a  normal, 
DMltfafBl  war.  E«"7  tnadjnat-^  irreat  comfbrt 
to  tb«  Wearer.  Form^n,  women  and  rhlldran. 
8«nd  tor  the  halt  on  FIVE  dayii'  PHKK  TBUL. 
ir  latlefactorr  n^nd  tu  $%S0.  If  not,  ntnm  UU. 
Olva  normal  watat  maaaur*  when  ordering. 

TbeWeaHeaWiBellOt.MJS.rJ.'g;;.. 


HEALTH — LOOKS— COMFORT 

Wear  tbia  ■clentlflcally  coDatmctAd  health 
belt,  endomed  by  pbyilclatii  and  auritvona.  A 
llgbl  but  dttraljle  support  for  tb«  abdomen  which 
Ki-eatly  rvllevea  tbe  Htraln  on  the  abdominal 
raiuclei.  Racomnieuded  Tor  obeiUy,  lumbafo, 
cututlpatlont  aptnal  dafomiltlea,  Iloatlnc  kid- 
ney 4ud  all  weakneaaea  in  the  abdominal  reclon. 

THE  "WONDER" 
HEALTH  BELT 


DSDMIRTSt  Write  tar 


Bad  nuipaitlnilan 


The  Outlook 

CopTTight,  1918,  br  The  OoUook  Company 

TABLE  OF  CONTENTS 

Vol.  120      December  11.  1918      No.  14 

Xm  OUTLOOK   n  rUBLWaO  WMKLT  it  TBM  OOTLOOK  OOHFAMWt 
381     lODXTH     ATnOM,     Dnr    TOIX.        LAWxmo*    F.    AnOTT, 

rBiUDWT.  >.  T.  roLUFn,  Tio»rmaiu>BiiT.  ram  a  bott, 
TSSAKiaaa.  aamrr  h.  Anorr,  nouTAXT.  teatsu  d. 
CAM1A>,  ADvaannva  MAXAOsa.  TaAaLT  niwaimoa— 
nm-Two  iwm— vona  ooLLAai  n  ADTAaoa.  aaraaao 
AB  nooro'OtAU  KAiraa,  nLT  n,  MM,  at  ma  ton 
omcB  AT  law  TOBK,  nasraa  tbb  aot  or  haboh  i.  isra 
1 

Tha  Pre*ident'*  Addre**  to  Con^re**....  569 

A  Good  Reoonitniotion  Programme 569 

The  Political  Puzzle  in  Germany 570/ 

The  Return  Home  of  the  Soldier* 570 

American  Delegate*   to   the   Peace  Con> 

ferenoe 571 

A  Letter  to  Soldier*  at  Home 572 

Life  and  Death 572 

A  Great  Playwright 572 

Cartoon*  of  the  Week 573 

The  Drug  Habit:  China;  America 574 

Cleveland  Cady  Frost 575 

Reconitruotion  in  Asiatic  Turkey 575 

The  Preaident'*  Ab*ence 576 

A  League  of   Nation*:  The  Origin  and 

Growth  of  the  Idea 576 

Ally  or  "A*(ociate"P 578 

The  Lady  Eremite  Hold*  Forth  Concern- 
ing Babiei 578 

The  Next  Governor  of  Ma**aohu*etts. . .  579 

More  Kindergarten*  a  Neoe**ity 580 

Knoll  Paper* :   What  i*   the   Promiie  of 

Hi*  ComingP 582 

Br  Lrman  Abbott 
What  i*  a  Nation  ?  Can  tha  Balkan'Pcople* 
Unite  on  Anything  but  a  Racial  Basi*?  583 
By  Richard  Boardman 
The  Peace  Conference  at  Veraaille* :  II — 

The  Queation  of  Small  Sute* 584 

Bt  Albert  Bnehnell  Hart 
The  Adventures  of  Th£ophile :  The  Trou- 
sers of  Theophile  Gela*. 586 

By  Donal  Hamilton  Hainea 
"Getting  Together:"  What  the  American 
Bluejacket  Think*  of  Britain  and   the 

British 589 

By  Lewie  R.  Freeman 

Current  Events  Illustrated 591 

The  Returned  Disabled  Soldier :  What  of 

Our  Attitude  Toward  Him  P 594 

By  Garrard  Harris 

"Something  in  the  Air" 596 

By  William  L.  Stidgcr 
A  Bit  of  Roman  History 597 

Weekly  Outline  Study  of  CurrentlHistory  598 
By  J.  Msdiion  Gathaoy,  A.M. 

"Booze  or  Coal"  Again 598 

The  New  Books 600  - 

Selling  Your  Product  to  the  100,000,000 : 

Cultivate  the  Home  Market* 602 

By  Charles  W.  Hoyt 
American*   in  .the  Second  Battle  of  the 

Mame 603 

The  Short-Term'Note  and  the  Par-Sighted 

Inveator 60S 

By  the  Way 606 

BT  SUBSCHIFrlON   14.00  A  TEAR.    Bfaifla  copies  10  canU. 

For  f  otaign  sabscitptlon  to  conntriae  in  the  Foetal  Union,  (5  JS6. 

Address  all  eommnnications  to 

THE  OUTLOOK  COMPANY 

381  Fourth  Arenne  New  York  Gty 


TRAIWIWQ    SCHOOLS    FOK    WUkW 


Young  Women  of  America! 

HERE    IS   YOUR 
OPPORTUNITY 

to  become  a  Trained  Nurse  and  Teleate 
a  pair  of  trained  hands  for  serritt 
"Over  There." 

By  entering  a  Training  School  NOW 
and  preparing  yourself  for  service  at 
home  or  abroad  you  are  rendering  a 
distinct  patriotic  service. 

There  are  aoine  available  openings  in  the 
King*  County  Hospital  which  will  be  filled  is 
the  order  of  application  and  final  apptonl. 
TUb  aohool  is  registered  luder  the  Rqpnts  << 
the  State  of  Near  York,  length  of  oomse  is 
2  years  and  3  month*.  For  farther  infcnsatioa 
write  to  the 

SUPT.  OF  TRAINING  SCHOOL 

Qarfcson  ATonaa  BrooUyB.  N.Y. 


St.  John's  Riverside  Hospital  Tnin{ 
School  for  Norses 

YONKERS.    NEW  YORK 


Reglstaied  tn  Mew  Tork  Stst^  often  a  i  years' 

, „„ or  Its  etnii 

Directress  of  Narsee,  Yonkera,  New  Tork 


iteuexml   ttaluhiE   to    leflned, 
meats  one  year  nfgti  school  or  lu 


ucated 

uinJaDt.  Apvly  is  At 


TEACHERS'     ACENCIES 


The  Pratt  Teachers  Agency 

70  Fifth  Avenue,  Mew  Tork 

Recommends  teschers  to  colleges,  pgblic  and  priTstsichMk 
Advises  parents  about  scbools.    win.  O.  Pratt,  Vfr. 


SCHOOLS    AND    COLLE8ES 


ILLINOIS 


Home  Study 


r 

I  (27th  Y< 

I  BasfaMM  Cemmnmcatioik  Fi 

I  Addr—  ~md  ini»o  than  4DQ  other 

I  mxxd  profesaioiial  courses  are  offeced  fav 

I  spondeDce.    Adcbess: 

l^^^^WrMoialOjQIeaaOjtt^^^ 


«q 


MA8SAOHU8ETT8 


WALNUT  HILL  SCHOOL 

83  HlKhland  St.,  Matlck.  Maaa. 

ACoHeKePrepanAorySebooUorOfa-la.  17  miles  (ma  BsM 
Mlaa  Conant,  Miss  Blgelow,  Prlnclpato. 


9 


,    SHORT.STORY  WRITING 

A  ecorse  of  forty  lessens  in  <ba  lilsiiiu,  tma, 

stmcture,sndwritlngofthellS»rl-«iiij  l»ia>rli> 

lliwJ.BefarwBe>le,llirr<eieaeii«r«rtlnlMaft 

ISO-pope  satslofiM/WeL     itasesaJjnsi 

ma 

Kept.  M 


OHIO 


A  BANKER 


^^^V     ud  WMMik       Send~~Bt JMK*  iot'itmm  I 
ml^^^       BwoBikB  Banker."  brKDOU  a.  / 


lYvparab! 


likS^nv'i 


■  tfaM  fac  Hkla 


PEW W8YLVANIA 


School  of  Horticulture  for  W«i 

Realster  now  for  entrance  in  Janoary.  Practinl  sod  Av 
reucal  instmctloD.  Two  year  diploma  comaa.  Short  conw- 
Oreenhouses,  Gardens,  Orchards,  Poultor  Pkuit,  ApisiT  * 
Incteasins  demand  tor  women  tiatawd  fai  Hortieokaie.  C* 
awgne.  KLmaara  LamaToa  Laa,  Director.  AmMst,  Fto 


A  Few  Boys  Can  Earn 

more  than  half  their   expenaea    at  a  wB- 
known  preparatory  school.  Addiasa  «JMI,  OeU°* 


STA 
PI 


TANDARD     HYMN£ 

AND  ^ 

RITUAL      SO  NG^ 

A  oombbiation  never  before  eoaaled.  Boatd  Be.  Ckl** 

I__      _,   .        Writs  for  BTsnimsHon  copy. 
The  Blglow  and  Main  Co.,  NewnTt 

Digitized  by  VJ\^»^V  IV^ 


Follow  the  Peace  Conferences 

by  using 

The  Oudook  Readers'  Reference  Collection  of 

LARGE  SCALE  WAR  MAPS 

In  Atlaa  Form,  16  Pages,  13]/4,  x21  Inches.    12  Maps,  Printed  in  6  Colors 


THE  WESTERN  FRONT— NEW  EDITION 

A  complete  and  comprehensive  series  of  colored  maps  showring  the  entire  area  of  the  western  battle-front 
in  France  drawn  on  a  large  scale — five  miles  to  the  inch — with  red  lines  indicating  the  position  of  the  Allied 
armies  on  November  11,  1918,  at  the  time  of  the  signing  of  the  armistice  by  Germany  and  the  Allies,  and 
other  red  lines  indicating  the  farthest  advance  of  the  Germans,  each  in  a  distinctive  character.  The  large 
scale  on  which  each  map  is  drawn  has  made  it  possible  to  print  the  name  of  every  town  and  village  in 
clear,  legible  type  so  that  it  can  be  read  with  the  utmost  ease. 

The  maps  show  every  town,  village,  hamlet,  naval  arsenal,  fort,  redoubt,  battery,  aircraft  depot,  fortified  town,  mountain 
pass,  wireless  station,  raUway,  and  canal.  Altitudes  are  given  at  frequent  intervals,  being  indicated  by  the  popular  layer 
system  of  coloring.  This  method,  which  has  been  universally  approved,  consists  of  showing  the  elevations  in  twelve  different 
colors  and  tints.  For  instance,  deep  brown  indicates  1,100  to  1,200  meters  (8,609-3,937  feet),  while  a  lighter  brown  indicates 
1.000  to  1,100  meters  (3,281-3,609  feet). 

Surface  configuration  is  largely  the  key  to  events  in  the  theaters  of  war.  Rivers,  mountains,  and  forests  are  the  natural 
strategic  barriers.  Moimtaiu  passes  with  their  highways  and  railways  are  the  natural  gateways.  Only  maps  which  show  these 
dearly  can  give  you  a  corre<rt  idea  of  the  relative  value  of  a  gain  or  loss  of  territory.  The  official  American  and  Foreign  Gov- 
ernment majM  form  the  bases  on  which  these  maps  were  made.  Every  contour  and  location  represents  the  work  of  Government 
surveyors  and  cartographers.  Accuracy,  therefore,  is  assured,  and  thoroughness  of  detail  is  guaranteed  by  observations  and  tests. 

OTHER  MAPS  IN  THE  OUTLOOK  ATLAS 

In  addition  to  the  large-scale  maps  of  the  western  battle-front  above  described,  which 
are  printed  in  three  sections,  each  section  occupying  a  double  page,  are  the  following  : 


ARMY  MAP  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES 

On  the  front  cover  of  the  AtUs  is  a  niap  of  the  United  Ktatea  showing  the 
locations  of  cainps  and  cantonments,  officers^  training  camps,  aviation  fields. 
Army  schools,  etc. — also  the  flags  of  the  Allied  nations  in  color. 

GENERAL  MAP  OF  THE  WESTERN  FRONT 

Two  pages  are  occupied  by  a  war  map  of  the  western  front,  which  is  a  com- 
plete one-sheet  map  of  this  area.  It  is  made  on  a  stsle  of  10  miles  to  the 
mch  and  extends  west  to  Ashford,  England,  north  to  Antwerp,  Belgium, 
east  to  Frankfort,  Germany,  and  south  to  Orleans.  France, 

MAP  OF  THE  ITALIAN  FRONT 

This  double-page  map  is  en|;raved  on  a  scale  of  10  miles  to  the  inch.  It 
is  exceedingly  complete  and  is  invaluable  in  following  the  news  from  this 
region.  It  extends  north  to  the  Gemuui  boundary,  east  beyond  Laibach, 
sonth  to  Bologna,  west  to  Milan. 

MAP  OF  NORTHWESTERN  RUSSIA 

This  18  an  entirely  new  map  of  that  part  of  Russia  in  Europe  now  figuring  in 

She  public  prints.  It  includes  the  towns  that  hare  s^nmg  into  prominence 
luring  the  present  war  and  since  the  Allied  interventiuu.  All  the  railways, 
inolwung  the  one  recently  built  to  Alexandrovsk,  on  the  Arctic  Ocean,  are 
■hown  on  this  map.  Canals,  forts,  and  other  important  details  are  given,  while 
racial  divisions  are  indicated  in  red.  The  detail  of  the  northern  sector  now 
occupied  by  the  Allies  is  particularly  complete. 


NEW  MAP  OF  THE  WORLD 

On  this  map  the  colonial  possessions  of  each  country  ate  shown  in  the  i 
cdor  as  the  mother  countries.  Steamship  lines  with  distances  via  the  Panama 
Canal  are  given  in  blue,  and  other  routes  in  red,  so  that  the  comparisons  may 
be  easily  made.  Principal  through  nulways,  wireless  telegraph  ststioos, 
and  submarine  cables  are  also  indicated. 

MAP  OF  NORTHERN  ASIA,  EMBRACING 
SIBERIA,  MONGOUA,  AND  JAPAN 

lliis  map  clearly  ahows  the  route  of  the  Trana-Siberian  Railway,  the  niain 
hig^ivay  between  Japan  aud  Russia,  connectii^  AHadivostok,  Harbin,  and 
PetroGT^d.  All  stations  alone  this  important  line  as  well  as  in  other  regions 
are  given  in  great  detail.  All  former  Russian  poesessionB  in  Asia  are  also 
indaded  in  detail. 

MAP  OF  CENTRAL  AND  WESTERN  EUROPE 

This  map  shows  political  boundaries  in  separate  colors  and  is  valuable  in 
showing  the  relations  of  the  several  fronts  to  each  other  and  to  the  neutral 
countries.   All  railways,  canals,  and  principal  cities  and  towns  are  shown. 

MAP  OF  ASIA  MINOR 

This  map  shows  the  Mesopotamian,  Kyrian,  and  Caucasian  fronts,  witb  the 
completed  and  projected  portions  of  tat  Pan-Oemian  "  Berlin  to  Bagdad  " 
railway. 


THE  OUTLOOK'S  SPECIAL  OFFER 

A  NEW  edition  of  The  Outlook  Readers'  Collection  of  War  Maps  has  just  been  pub- 
Kahed  which  shows  the  position  of  the  Allied  armies  on  November  11,  1918,  when 
the  armistice  was  signed  and  the  fighting  stopped.  A  Peace  Conference  will  soon  be 
considering  the  terms  of  final  peace.  These  maps  will  be  invaluable  in  tracing  the 
boundaries  of  the  nations  that  have  been  involved  in  the  war  and  of  the  territories  in 
dispute.  In  interpreting  the  adjustments  that  will  be  made  by  the  Peace  Conference 
they  will  be  found  of  the  greatest  assistance  and  of  permanent  value. 

Fill  oat  the  accompanying  order  form  and  return  to  us  at  once  with  remittance  of 
$4.50;  we  will  extend  your  subscription  for  one  year,  whatever  the  present  date  of 
expiration  may  now  be,  and  this  valuable  new  edition  of  war  maps  will  be  sent  to  you 
inunediately,  carefully  protected  from  damage  in  transit,  all  charges  prepaid.  This 
offer  also  applies  to  a  new  subscription,  but  does  not  apply  in  the  case  of  subscriptions 
sent  through  agents.     The  price  of  the  war  maps  alone  is  $1.50. 

THE  OUTLOOK  COMPANY 


THE  OUTLOOK  COMPANY, 

381  Fourth  Ave.,  New  York 
I  enclose  Four  Dollars  and  Fifty  Cents,  for 
which  please  send  me  The  Outlook  Headers' 
lieferenoe  Collection  of  War  Mapn,  all  charges 
prepaid,  and  enter  my  subscription  to  The 
Ontlook  for  one  year  (or  renew  for  one  year 
from  pn^itent  date  of  expiration),  inaccosdaooe 
with  the  terms  of  your  special  offer. 


Samt. 


Address . 


^^ 


•5 


568* 


THE  OUTLOOK 


In  France— in  a  Paris  museum 

is  a  letter  written  more  than  four 

thousand  years  ago.  It  is  a  business 

letter— the  most  ancient  one  on 

earth.    When  old  Rameses  wanted  to  talk 
shop  with  his  distant  banker,  on  thick  pa- 
pyrus a  hurried  message  was  sent.  With  extra 
speed  the  scribes  were  able  to  finish  the  task 
in  four  months.  Progress!  Is  it  anywhere  more 
startlingly  illustrated  than  by  the  Mimeograph? 
Five  thousand  letters  an  hour  it  produces — let- 
ters that  surpass  old  Egypt's  products  in  qimlity 

as  they  do  in  speed.     The  newest  developments  of  the 

Mimeograph — speed  duplicator  of  splendidly  printed  forms, 

blanks,  letters,  drawings,  etc. — make  it  a  more  important 

factor  in  the  world's  progress  than  ever  before.    Get  booklet 

"A"  from  A.  B.  Dick  Company,  Chicago — and  New  York. 


P 


NiniTi7finnv 


The  Outlook 

DECEMBER   11,  1918 

Offices,  381  Fourth  Avenue,  New  York 


THE   PRESIDENT'S  ADDRESS  TO  CONGRESS 

On  Monday,  Det-ember  2,  the  President  in  person  gave 
hiH  annual  Message  to  Congress.  The  Senate  and  the  House 
^thered  in  the  chamber  of  the  House  of  Representatives  to 
rewjive  it.  In  addition  there  was  a  distinguished  audience, 
including  nieni tiers  of  the  Supreme  Court,  the  Diplomatic  Corps, 
and  executive  officers  of  the  Government.  The  main  portion  of 
the  address  was  devoted  to  a  review  of  American  achievements 
m  the  war  and  to  a  discussion  of  some  of  our  international 
duties  and  domestic  problems  resulting  from  the  war.  Only 
about  one-eighth  of  the  address  was  devoted  to  the  President's 
European  visit  as  the  head  of  the  American  Peace  Del^[ation. 
It  is  quite  clear  that  the  doubts,  anxieties,  and  criticisms 
which  have  been  expressed  in  the  press  have  reached  the  Presi- 
dent's ear.  He  alluded  to  the  fear  that  Government  control  of 
the  Atlantic  cables  might  interfere  with  the  free  expression  of 
opinion  regarding  the  n^otiation  of  the  treaty  of  peace.  We 
said  last  week  that  the  control  of  the  means  of  commmiication 
gave  the  President  power,  whether  he  had  the  intention  or  not 
of  exercising  it,  to  censor  the  news  from  Versailles.  It  is  only 
just,  therefore,  that  we  should  give  his  ac^tual  words  as  to  this 
phase  of  his  great  and  important  journey : 

I  shall  be  in  close  touch  with  yon  and  with  affairs  on  this  side 
of  the  water,  and  ^ou  wUl  know  all  that  I  do.  At  my  request  the 
French  and  Enehsh  Governments,  have  absolutely  removed  the 
censorship  of  cable  news  which  until  within  a  fortnight  they  had 
maintained,  and  there  is  now  no  censorship  whatever  exercisied  at 
this  end,  except  upon  attempted  trade  communications  with 
enemy  countries.  It  nas  been  necessary  to  keep  an  open  wire  con- 
stantly available  between  Paris  and  the  Department  of  State,  and 
another  between  France  and  the  Department  of  War.  In  order 
that  this  might  be  done  with  the  least  possible  interference  with 
the  other  uses  of  the  cables,  I  have  temporarily  taken  over  tlie 
control  of  both  cables  in  order  that  they  may  be  used  as  a  sin- 
gle system.  I  did  so  at  the  advice  of  the  most  experienced  cable 
oflBcials,  and  I  hope  that  the  resnlts  will  justify  my  hope  that  the 
news  of  the  next  few  months  may  pass  with  tne  utmost  freedom 
and  with  the  least  possible  delay  from  each  side  of  the  sea  to  the 
other. 

We  oonunent  more  fullyupon  the  President's  European  trip 
elsewhere  in  this  issue.  The  country  has  accepted  it  and  will 
wish  him  a  safe  journey  and  a  happy  return,  with  as  fidl  an 
accomplishment  as  is  possible  of  the  ideals  which  he  has  in  mind. 

As  to  international  matters,  the  President  refers  to  two  im- 
portant features  that  lie  outside  of  the  domain  of  the  peace 
treaty.  He  urges  the  ratification  of  the  treaty  with  Colombia, 
which  involves  an  implied  apology  for  the  ttourse  of  the  United 
States  in  taking  over  and  buildmg  the  Panama  Canal  and  an 
explicit  payment  of  about  twenty-five  million  dollars  to  Colom- 
bia as  damages  for  the  alleged  wrong.  He  urges  aid  to  Belgium 
and  northern  France  both  m  money  and  in  economic  facilities 
for  their  incalculable  work  of  reconstruction. 

As  to  domestic  problems  he  makes  three  important  construc- 
tive suggestions. 

The  first  is  woman  suffrage.  After  paying  a  fine  tribute  to 
he  sacrifices  and  activities  of  American  women  in  the  war,  he 
tays :  "  The  least  tribute  we  can  pay  them  is  to  make  them  the 
tqnals  of  men  in  political  rights,'as  they  have  proved  themselves 
Jieir  equals  in  every  field  of  practical  work  they  have  entered, 
vbetber  for  themselves  or  for  their  country." 

His  second  suggestion  is  that  the  country  should  undertake 
I  very  large  policy  of  constructing  public  works  "  in  order  that 
ipportunities  should  be  created  for  unskilled  labor  in  particu- 
■r,  and  that  plans  should  be  made  for  such  developments  of 
«r  oniised  lands  and  our  natural  resources  as  we  have  hitherto 
tcked  stimulation  to  tmdertake.''    In  particular  he  oommencls 

/ 
/ 


the  plans  which  Secretary  Lane,  of  the  Department  of  the  In- 
terior, has  worked  out  for  "  (Jie  reclamation  of  arid,  swamp,  and 
cut-over  lands,  which  might,  if  the  States  were  willing  and  able 
to  co-operate,  redeem  some  three  hundred  million  acres  of  land 
for  cultivation."  Secretary  Lane  believes,  and  the  President 
agrees  with  him,  that  these  plans  would  afford  a  fine  oppor- 
tunity for  the  energies  and  skill  and  ambition  of  thousands  of 
returning  American  soldiers  to  whom  the  war  has  given  a 
ca^city  and  the  desire  for  the  best  kind  of  outdoor  life. 

The  President's  third  practical  suggestion  concerns  the  rail- 
ways. He  confesses  that  he  has  no  definite  plan  to  suggest  and 
that  Congress  must  therefore  solve  the  problem.  But  he  adds 
that  if  Congress  does  not  take  some  action  he  will,  under  the 
discretionary  powers  conferred  upon  him,  be  forced  to  return 
the  railways  to  their  private  owners  "  at  a  very  early  date." 
He  does,  however,  suggest  to  Congress  three  courses  whifh  it 
may  pursue  with  reg^ard  to  the  railways : 

I  believe  that  it  will  be  serviceable  for  me  to  set  forth  as 
explicitlyas  possible  the  alternative  courses  that  lie  open  to  our 
choice.  We  can  simply  release  the  roads  and  eo  back  to  the  old 
conditions  of  private  management,  unrestricted  competition,  and 
multiform  regulation  by  both  State  and  Federal  authorities ;  or 
we  can  go  to  the  opposite  extreme  and  establish  complete  con- 
trol, accompanied,  it  necessary,  by  actual  Government  owner- 
ship ;  or  we  can  adopt  an  intermediate  course  of  modified  private 
control,  under  a  more  unified  and  afiirmative  public  regulation, 
and  under  such  alterations  of  the  law  as  will  permit  wasteful 
competition  to  be  avoided  and  a  considerable  degree  of  unifica- 
tion of  administration  to  be  effected,  as,  for  example,  by  regional 
corporations,  under  which  the  railways  of  definable  areas  would 
be  m  effect  combined  in  single  systems. 

The  general  principles  which  govern  the  third  course  of 
action  are  those  which  The  Outlook  has  for  many  vears  urged 
as  the  principles  which  shoidd  guide  the  coontry  in  its  consider- 
ation of  the  railway  problem. 


A  COOD  RECONSTRUCTION  PROGRAMME 

Scores  of  organizations  throughout  the  country  are  debat- 
ing the  problems  of  reconstruction.  So  far  we  have  seen  no 
resolutions  resulting  from  such  debates  show  more  com- 
mon sense  than  those  passed  at  a  recent  conference  held  in 
Rochester  by  the  National  Mimicipal  Lea^e.  Perhaps  the 
significant  feature  of  these  resolutions  is  that  the  League  is  not 
riMical  and  probably  would  not  have  touched  such  proposals 
two  years  ago.  They  were,  however,  adopted  at  the  Kochester 
Conference  by  unanimous  vote  after  a  debate  of  three  hours  by 
a  gi^up  of  two  hundred  and  fifty  people  from  all  over  the  conn- 
try.   Tne  resolutions  are  as  follows : 

During  the  war,  as  measures  of  necessaiy  National  efficiencv, 
munerous  matters  formerly  within  private  control  passed  to  the 
control  of  tlie  people.  Some  of  these  thin^  should  undoubtedly 
be  returned  promptly  to  private  enterprise,  but  the  American 
people  will  miss  a  great  opportunity  if  they  allow  certain  of  these 
temporary  powers  to  slip  through  tlteir  fingers  in  the  next  few 
montlis,  viz. : 

1.  During  the  war  the  lot^-desired  Federal  Employment 
Service  has  been  create<l,  and  tlie  National  Government  has 
assumed  responsibility  for  connecting  employers  and  workers  in 
the  only  right  and  eifacient  way.  This  Service  should  be  contin- 
ued, generously  financed  by  Congress,  and  should  be  enrourage«l 
to  extend  its  sphere  to  include  the  education  of  employers  in 
modem  principles  of  employment. 

2.  Corporations,  particularly  those  doing  an  inter-State  busi- 
ness, have  become  a  great  source  of  Federal  revenue  and  may 
reasonably  be  expected  to  continue  to  be  such.  Federal  control 
and  supervision  of  their  prscti^tf^^^jiU,  ^(e^^^ued   and 

t       869 


570 


THE  OUTLOOK 


extended,  for  they  are  National,  not  merely  State-wide,  in  the 
problems  they  create.  Effort  should  be  made  to  free  them  from 
conflicting  and  ineffectual  State  regoladon  by  a  Federal  incor- 
poration procedure. 

.  3.  The  Government  has  assnpied  control  of  railroads,  tele- 
craphs,  and  telephones,  opening  the  opportunity  for  either 
FeaersJ  ownership  with  pubuc  or  private  operation  or  a  reorgani- 
zation by  economical  regional  systems  under  a  method  of  control 
that  win  protect  the  private  capital  by  insuring  a  reasonable 
return,  yet  removing  speculative  and  anti-social  features  of  the 
private  ownership  ot  the  past  with  its  relatively  feeble  and  nega- 
tive scheme  of  regulation.  Whichever  principle  is  adopted  is  a 
smaller  matter  than  that  the  essential  features  of  our  present 
control  should  never  be  relinquished. 

4.  The  Federal  Government  has  acquired  by  its  merchant  fleet 
and  its  War  Trade  Board  intimate  knowledge  and  capacity  for 
mobilizing  our  resources  for  foreign  trade.  Factors  which  will 
be  valuable  in  normal  peace  times  should  be  retained. 

5.  The  Federal  Government  through  its  Food  and  Fuel  Ad- 
ministrations and  its  War  Industries  Board  has  acquired  a  com- 
mand over  basic  resources  which  played  a  vital  part  in  securing 
National  efficiency.  Every  effort  should  be  made  to  preserve  the 
nncleus  of  these  valuable  agencies  in  such  form  and  with  such 
powers  that  we  may  achieve  some  part  of  that  efficiency  in  peace. 

6.  The  Federal  Government  has  manifested  grave  interest  and 
exerted  its  war  powers  to  influence  the  cost  of  Uving  and  prevent 
profiteering.  It  should  continue  to  exert  its  peace  powers  toward 
the  same  beneficent  end. 

7.  The  Federal  Government  has  concerned  itself  effectively  in 
the  problem  of  housing  industrial  workers,  and  has  placed  upon 
a  new  basis  of  prestige  and  authority  the  American  movement 
for  garden  cities  anoT  suburbs.  Its  interest  in  this  aspect  of  the 
welmre  of  the  workers  and  the  efficiency  of  industry  should  not 
now  lapse,  but  the  Labor  Department  Bureau  of  Housing  should 
be  continued,  and  its  powers  broadened  to  include  educational 
work  and  research  into  our  vast  industrial  housing  problems. 

8.  As  a  measure  of  protecting  the  effectiveness  of  its  soldiers 
and  industrial  workers,  tiie  Federal  Government  has  found  it 
necessary  to  use  its  influence  with  local  governments  regarding 
moral  and  health  conditions.  Such  Federal  interest  in  local  gov- 
ernments should  not  lapse,  but  should  eventuate  in  the  continued 
attack  upon  vice  problems  by  the  Public  Health  Service,  and  in 
the  formation  of  a  Federal  Bureau  of  Municipalities  in  the  De- 
partment of  the  Interior  to  collect  and  distribute  information  on 
municipal  problems. 

These  resolutions  are  a  striking  indication  of  a  widespread 
sentiment  throughout  the  country  that  the  best  features  of  the 
war  trend  towards,  a  stronger  nationalism  must  be  preserved. 


THE  POLITICAL  PUZZLE  IN  GERMANY 

It  is  difficult  to  judge  whether  or  not  there  is  in  Germany 
a  genuine  and  hopeful  movement  toward  sound  democratic 
reconstruction.  In  London  "  Punch  "  Mr.  Bernard  Partridge 
has  one  of  those  memorable  cartoons  which,  like  "  Punch's  " 
famous  "  Dropping  the  Pilot,"  cleverly  emphasizes  a  salient 
point.  It  represents  the  Kaiser  in  his  imperial  robes  and  crown 
speaking  to  a  common  German  citizen  in  peasant  costume. 
Says  the  Kaiser :  "  Hist  I  The  hounds  of  justice  are  upon  my 
track.  We  must  change  clothes."  There  are  those  who  believe 
that  one  section  of  the  Socialist  control  merely  indicates  a 
change  of  clothes  by  the  old  influences  which  rest  on  autoc- 
racy. There  has  been  little  of  passionate  revolutionary  out^ 
break  in  Germany  apart  from  the  violence  in  seaport  towns,  and 
that  comes  from  the  rebellious  state  of  the  naval  forces.  The 
more  radical  section  of  the  German  Socialists,  with  Liebknecht 
at  their  head,  undoubtedly  detest  the  old  regime  and  are  in 
earnest  in  their  desire  for  a  Socialistic  republic.  The  other  sec- 
tion of  the  Socialists,  headed  by  such  men  as  Solf  and  Ebert, 
denoimce  this  "  Spartacus "  group  as  Bolsheviki.  It  is  hard  to 
think  of  Liebknecht  as  a  German  Leniue ;  radical  as  he  is,  his 
former  speeches  do  not  smack  of  terrorism,  and  he  has  suffered 
more  than  any  other  man  in  Germany  because  of  his  opposition 
to  the  war  and  to  the  men  responsible  for  it. 

It  is  certain  that  there  is  considerable  distrust  iamong  the 
p^enuine  anti-imperialists  in  Geirmany  as  r^ards  the  men  now 
m  nominal  control  and  the  so-called  Majority  Socialists.  We  are 
told,  however,  that  the  latter  are  managing  the  Soldiers'  and 
Workmen's  Councils,  and  that  the  so-called  Spartacus  group  of 
radicals  is  weak  in  strength  and  influence.  It  is  from  this  latter 


group  that  come  most  of  the  denonciations  of  the  crimes  of  tht 
Kaiser  and  the  "  Potsdam  Grang."  Liebknecht's  organ  nwa 
that  the  Kaiser  must  be  brought  back  to  Germany  for  truL 
*'  Vorwiirts "  is  outspoken  in  its  attacks  on  those  rasponsibk 
for  the  war.  As  reported  in  London  despatches,  **  Vorwuts'' 
says: 

We  have  been  told  that  Germany  had  no  knowledge  of  Am- 
tria's  ultimatum  to  Serbia.  It  was  a  lie.  Berlin  was  said  to  luve 
admonished  Vienna  to  g^  slow.  It  was  a  lie.  On  the  contrary, 
Berlin  incited  Vienna. 

In  .the  course  of  his  proclamation  William  II  declared, "  In  the 
midst  of  peace  we  are  attacked  by  the  enemy."  A  base,  impa- 
dent,  bottomless,  shameless  lie.  i 

And  does  this  band  of  mass  murderers,  who  in  the  progress 
of  the  revolution  and  through  the  generosity  of  the  Gennao 
people  managed  to  escape  unhurt,  really  still  believe  it  can  onc« 
more  establish  its  blood-stained,  lie-bedecked  rule  ? 

The  publication  in  Bavaria  of  despatches  which  were  sent  to 
Munich  in  July,  1914,  by  the  Bavarian  representative  at  Berlin 
goes  far  to  show  that  Germany,  through  its  Foreign  Office,  w» 
planning  in  advance  with  Vienna  war  with  Russia,  and  conse- 
quently with  France.  The  present  Bavarian  Prime  Minister, 
Eisner,  has  charged  Solf,  Scheidemann,  and  others  who  are 
active  in  the  existing  German  Government  with  intrigae  it 
present  and  with  responsibility,  for  the  war.  He  speaks  freelj 
of  "  Berlin  intrigue  "  and  declares :  "  What  Berlin  reqnira  ii 
that  the  masses  rise  and  create  a  new  government  inspiring 
confldence.  Till  that  happens  Mimich  will  be  the  leading  plan 
in  Germany.  We  can  no  longer  trust  ourselves  to  the  crimioai 
activities  of  a  small  group  of  men  who  tremble  for  their  exist- 
ence." Bavaria  in  many  ways  has  shown  genuine  hostility  to 
Prussian  control,  and  here  at  least  is  one  indication  of  the  M- 
ing  to  pieces  of  the  old  autocratic  imperial  nil& 

It  is  now  admitted  that  neither  the  Kaiser  nor  bis  heirsi^ed 
formal  acts  of  abdication  and  renunciation  before  their  flight 
This  is  still  true  of  the  Crown  Prince ;  in  that  fact  some  obsm- 
ers  see  evidence  of  a  desire  to  keep  a  road  open  for  the  return 
to  power  of  the  Hohenzollems.  The  Kaiser  himself  has  signeii 
what  is  called  an  act  of  renunciation,  which  renounces  the 
Kaiser's  rights  to  the  crowns  of  Prussia  and  the  GermM 
Empire  and  releases  all  military  officers  from  their  oath  d 
fideuty.  He  urges  in  somewhat  ambiguous  terms  that "  until « 
new  ora^ization  of  the  German  Empire  exists  tbey  aid  dxw 
who  ef^tively  bold  the  power  in  Germany  to  protect  the  G^ 
man  people  against  the  menacing  dangers  of  anarchy,  famine. 
and  foreign  domination." 

Evidently  no  honestly  representative  government  can  obtab 
recognition  from  the  Allies  until  it  has  behind  it  the  authorit} 
of  a  National  Assembly  which  truly  represents  the  whole  pe* 
pie.  Both  political  factions  talk  of  a  National  Assembly,  but  no 
definite  date  or  plans  for  an  election  have  been  fixed. 


TQE   RETURN   HOME   OF  THE   SOLDIERS 

Demobilization  of  our  forces  at  home  and  abroad,  in  so  br 
as  it  is  now  wise  and  possible,  is  proceeding  systematieaBy  hot 
necessarily  slowly.  Naturally  those  men  or  units  who  were  ttttij 
called  to  the  colors  or  whose  service  is  of  a  special  kind  bow  not 
at  all  likely  to  be  needed  are  the  first  to  be  released.  Hhb  the 
immense  transport  Maiuretania  last  week  landed  som^fovtboo- 
sand  American  soldiers  who  were  for  the  most  part  <*iti^C  <> 
air  camps  in  England.  Their  arrival  in  New  York  wa«  gre^ 
with  immense  popular  enthusiasm,  while  regrettably  litdeattt» 
tion  was  paid  to  the  arrival  on  the  same  day,  on  another  Btean- 
ship,  of  1,100  of  our  wounded  who  had  fought  and  suffered  for 
their  country.  This  was  due  partly  to  bad  arrangement  a»i 
partly  to  the  fact  that  public  interest  centered  on  the  first  retsni 
of  a  large  body  of  troops,  with  perhaps  also  a  desire  to  show 
the  feeling  that  men  who  were,  tbrough  no  fault  of  theirs,  o* 
actually  in  battle  are  fully  entitled  to  enthusiastic  recognition 
and  praise. 

Abroad  three  divisions  have  been  named  for  early  reton  ^ 
this  coimtry,  and  others  are  believed  to  be  selected.  It  is  pw^ 
able,  even  if  all  goes  well  with  the  peace  negotiations,  that  fw 
eight  to  ten   months  would  be  required  to  transport  all  >*' 

forces.  An  interesting  and  reasonable  proposal  is  that  thegra: 

Digitized  by  VJSO^OVIV^ 


GENERAL  TASKEK  H.  BLLSS 


J'KESJUENT  WILSON 


AMERICAN  DELEGATES  TO 
THE   PEACE   CONFERENCE 

Two  of  the  <lelvKate»  are  younger  luid  two  older 
ttiaii  Pn?Hi<leiit  AVilsoii ;  two  oFtliete  wei-e  Inirii 
in  till!  !S<iiilh.  two  in  the  North.  President 
Wilson  was  Itoiti  in  VirKinia  in  IH-Vj;  Robert 
Liinsingr,  fSecretary  of  State-,  w;is  lx)rn  in  IHW 
in  New  York  ;  Colonel  llontu-.  who  has  held  no 
otKcial  position  hut  has  Ix-en  a  elow  friend  of 
the  I'lvsident  and  his  pei-HUiinl  iTpn-sentative 
on  sevenil  missions,  was  bom  in  Tex.is  in  !*">»: 
Genenil  Jiliss.  representative  of  the  I'nited 
Suites  in  the  Supreme  AVar  Conneil  in  France, 
was  bora  in  Pennsylvania  in  IS.'.:! ;  Henry  Wliite, 
Amljussiidor  to  Italy  an<l  Kranee  tmder  Presi- 
dent Koosi-velt,  was  lioin  in  Maryland  in  1S.VI. 

Colonel  llouw  ahil  .Mr.  I-iunint;  an-  1 ).  / r.ils; 

Mr.  \Vhite  is  credited  to  the  iiepoblican  party  : 
the  party  affiliation  of  Oeneral  B]im  is  not  stated 


HENRY  WHITE 


Digit; 


zed  by  Google 


572 


THE   OUTLOOK 


German  passenger  ships  now  in  German  ports,  such  as  the 
Imi)erator  (mate  of  the  Leviathan)  should  be  used  to  bring  our 
troops  home  and  to  take  back  any  food  supplies  allotted  to 
Germany. 

Meanwhile  American  troops  are  in  German  territory  as  part  of 
the  great  Army  of  Occupation.  They  entered  the  ancient  city 
of  TreveOTn  December  1.  They  are  reported  to  be  acting  in  a 
businessiKe,  soldierly,  and  disciplined  manner. 

Fron^lhe  many  cantonments  in  the  United  States  the  release 
of  menijp  going  steadily  forward  and  is  increasing  daily.  The 
Students'  Army  Training  Clorps  in  the  colleges  is  also  being 
dissolved  as  a  strictly  miBtary  body,  and  the  colleges  are  busy 
readjusting  their  courses  and  organization  to  the  new  situation. 
One  wishes  that  the  plan  might  in  some  way  be  utilized  in  imi- 
veraal  military  training,  but  uiat  principle  has  yet  to  be  adopted 
by  Congress,  long  as  it  has  been  urged  by  men  of  wisdom  and 
patriotism. 

A  LETT|ffe   TO  SOLDIERS   AT  HOME 

Thod%nds  of  men  in  our  Army  and  Navy  encampments  who 
eagerly  desired  to  take  an  active  part  ui  the  war  for  freedom 
have  been  di^ppointed  by  the  abrupt  termination  of  that  war. 
It  would  not  be  unnatural  if  these  men  wondered  if  their  sacri- 
fice in  submitting  to  the  routine  of  camp  life  had  not  been  in 
vain.  We  learn  that  General  Leonard  Wood  has  written  the 
following  letter  to  every  man  in  his  command  who  is  retiring 
from  the  Army  in  the  process  of  demobilization.  General  Wood, 
we  think,  has  expressed  the  feeling  of  the  entire  country  towards 
its  soldiers  and  sailors  who  have  not  been  called  overseas : 

L  In  tlie  performance  of  military  duty  to  one's  country  in 
time  of  war  it  is  not  for  the  citizen'  called  to  the  colors  to  select 
the  kind  of  service  to  be  done  by  him.  One  who'  has  willingly 
and  loyally  re8ponde<l  to  the  call  to  arms  and  who  has  put  his 
best  efforts,  mental  and  physical,  into  the  training,  and  per- 
formed all  military  duties  required  of  him  to  the  best  of  his  abil- 
ity, standing  ready  always  to  make  the  supreme  sacrifice  of  life 
itself,  if  need  be,  has  done  all  that  a  good  citizen  and  soldier 
could  do  to  insure  the  successful  prosecution  of  the  war. 

2.  Although  I  appreciate  how  keenly  you  ieel  the  disappoint- 
ment of  your  failure  to  secure  duty  overseas  in  the  actual  oattle 
area,  I  know  yon  rejoice  together  with  all  Americans  in  the 
prospect  of  a  righteous  and  just  peace  imposed  upon  the  enemy 
and  the  termination  of  the  terrible  conflict  which  has  involved 
the  whole  civilized  world.  You  have  done  your  best.  You  have 
cheerfully  and  loyally  discharged  the  clear  duty  of  every  citizen 
in  time  of  war,  and  your  work  has  been  a  part  of  the  great  Na- 
tional effort  which  has  aided  in  securing  a  victorious  peace. 

3.  You  are  discharced  from  the  Army  because  vour  services 
are  no  longer  required  in  the  present  emergency.  -Yoa  will  return 
to  your  place  in  civil  life  all  the  better  for  the  training  you  have 
baa,  and  I  feel  sure  you  will  take  with  you  a  better  and  higher 
appreciation  of  the  obligations  of  citizenship,  including  the  obli- 
gation of  every  man  to  be  trained,  prepared,  and  ready  to  render 
service  to  the  Nation  in  war  as  well  as  in  peace. 


LIFE  AND  DEATH 

In  two  cases  of  men  condemned  to  death  for  murder  Gov- 
ernors of  States  have  recently  commuted  the  capital  sentences 
to  imprisonment  for  life.  In  both  cases  there  has  been  strong 
expression  of  dissatisfaction  on  the  part  of  the  public.  If  the 
convicted  man  is  really  guilty,  it  is  said,  the  law  should  take  its 
course ;  if  there  is  real  doubt  of  his  guilt,  it  is  wrong  that  he 
should  be  condemned  to  a  fate  which  to  some  minds  is  worse 
than  death.  If,  it  is  further  argued,  the  reason  for  the  commu- 
tation of  sentence  is  not  based  on  the  question  of  guilt  or  inno- 
(;ence,  the  natural  conclusion  is  that  capital  punishment  is  in 
itself  so  abhorrent  that  the  laws  providing  it  as  a  punishment 
for  murder  should  be  changed. 

In  the  case  of  Paul  Chapman,  Governor  Whitman,  of  New 
York,  expressly  says  that  there  is  little  doubt  as  to  guilt.  In  this* 
case  the  real  element  which  has  called  out  popular  dissatisfac- 
tion at  the  sentence  is  the  youth  of  the  boy  raul  at  the  time 
when  the  crime  was  -committed.  He  was  only  sixteen  years  of 
age  at  that  time,  and  the  fatal  act  itself  was  not  committed  by 
his  band. 

However   opiniras  may  differ  (and  they  did  differ)  as  to 


the  weight  of  the  evidence  upon  which  the  Iwy  was  eonviot«l 
there  is  practically  no  dissent  in  the  belief  that  so  young 
and  immature  a  lad,  with  character  yet  unfixed,  shonld  not  Iv 
put  out  of  existence  as  might  be  the  most  hardened  and  atrocioa> 
of  ruffians.  In  Paid  Chapman's  case  even  the  life  sentence  abo 
was  deprecated,  although  it  was  pointed  out  that  in  the  State  of 
New  York  after  twenty  years  such  a  sentence  comes  up  anto- 
matically  for  review  and  that  in  all  probability  the  life  sentencp 
was  really  equivalent  to  one  for  twenty  years. 

The  case  of  Walter  Mooney  in  California  is  totally  different 
Mooney  himself  has  declared  that  he  would  prefer  death  to 
spending  a  life  sentence.  But  the  real  issue  in  this  case  is  not 
what  the  convicted  man  feels,  nor — strange  as  it  may  seem— 
is  it  really  whether  he  is  actually  guilty  or  not  The  one  usoe 
at  the  bottom  of  the  agitation  is  whether  or  not  Mooney  waii 
honestly  tried  and  justly  convicted ;  or  whether  his  trial  was*  so 
unfair  and  so'  vitiated  by  false  testimony  that  be  is  raonllT, 
if  not  legally,  entitled  to  a  new  trial.  Efforts  to  obtain  a  new 
trial  for  him  failed  largely  because  of  legal  technicalities,  ami 
l>e(!ause  the  essential  injury  done  to  him  at  his  trial  was  not  t*uch 
as  could  be  considered  by  the  final  court  of  appeal. 

Mooney  was  accused  of  having  taken  part  m  the  explosion  of 
a  clockwork  bomb  during  the  Preparedness  Parade  in  oan  Iian- 
cisco  in  Jidy,  1916.  Several  bystanders  were  killed.  The  crime 
was  an  atrocious  one,  whoever  committed  it.  Mooney  was  con- 
victed largely  on  circumstantial  evidence,  and  with  him  wati 
convicted  a  man  named  Billings.  Later  Mrs.  Mooney  and  a 
man  named  Weinberg  were  tried  and  acquitted.  It  is  probable 
that  the-  acquittal  of  the  last-named  persons  was  due  to  the  hict 
that  the  prosecution  was  forced  to  omit  from  its  list  of  witnesse 
against  these  two  prisoners  tliree  persons  who  had  testified  b 
the  trials  of  Mooney  and  Billings,  but  who  were  later  so  dis- 
credited before  the  public  that  their  evidence  was  generally 
regarded  as  either  perjured  or  woefully  mistaken.  It  is  claimed, 
with  a  good  deal  of  reason,  that  neither  Mooney  nor  Billings 
coidd  possibly  have  been  convicted  except  for  die  very  testi- 
mony which  was  lacking  in  the  cases  presented  against  tite  per- 
sons acquitted. 

The  moat  striking  instance  as  to  this  doubtful  testimony  was 
that  of  a  man  named  Oxman,  whose  evidence  was  of  material 
weight  against  Mooney.  After  Mooney  was  convicted  letters 
undoubtedly  written  by  Oxman  were  published.  In  them  OxnuD 
offered  money  to  a  man  named  Kigali  to  go  to  San  Frandsco 
from  Illinois  and  to  give  dictated  testimony,  all  of  which  was 
absolutely  false,  and  in  its  intention  murderous. 

That  a  man  should  be  executed  or  consig^ned  to  lifelong  im- 
prisonment on  a  trial  vitiated  by  the  testimony  of  a  man  capable 
of  such  criminal  prat^tices  seems  almost  beyond  belief.  Oxman 'e 
own  testimony  in  the  case  of  Walter  Mooney  was  attacked  u 
perjury.  Yet  the  courts  of  California,  because  of  their  view  <rf 
the  due  course  of  legal  proceedings,  found  themselves  unable  to 
grant  a  new  trial.  A  Federal  Industrial  Commission  reported 
to  the  President  of  the  United  States  that  there  was  danger  of 

fross  injustice  being  done  in  this  case,  and  more  than  o(h« 
'resident  Wilson  has  urged  the  California  authorities  to  inter- 
fere, if  possible,  to  prevent  injustice. 

Mooney  may  be  the  worst  scoundrel  on  eartli.  But  that  k 
not  the  question.  Tlie  question  is,  Did  he  have  a  fair  trial  and 
was  he  proved  guilty  of  the  act  for  which  he  was  tried  ? 

Hither  the  laws  of  California  should  be  so  altered  as  to  makr 
it  possible  to  afford  a  second  trial  in  a  case  like  this  or  some- 
thing more  like  sulistantial  justice  shonld  be  substituted  lor 
execution  than  confinement  for  life. 


A   GREAT   PLAYWRIGHT 

On  a  certain  evening  in  1897  a  Paris  audience  awaited 
the  production  of  a  new  play  with  more  impatience  and  reoeiv«d 
it  with  greater  enthusiasm  than  had  been  noticeable  in  auj 
audience  since  Corneille  produced  his  "  Cid  "  in  1636,  and  in 
1830  when  Victor  Hugo  produced  his  "  Hemani." 

The  play  was  by  a  yoimg  man  who,  whenever  possible,  fled 
the  Paris  Iwulevards  for  his  home  at  Cambo,  in  the  Pyrenees. 
This  was  Edmond  Rostand,  who  has  just  died.  He  was  bom  in 
1868  at  Marseilles. 

He  was  educated  to  become  a  lawyer.   But  he  conld  not  help 


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CARTOONS      OF      THE     WEEK 


TJK>ma3  I II  lie  Itftrott  News 


MQLLJkHO 


Df  DUTCH 


A  COLD  RKCKPTIOX  TO   A   FIUMTIVE 


<  'asm  I  in  thf  NexD  Yorl  Evening  World 


Lu|>>rii;hl,  igiS    bj   The  Press  Publiihinn  Co.  (The  New  York  Evening  \V,,rl.li 

BRINGLNO  JOHN   BULL  TO   HIS   KXEES 


A   BURDEN  THAT  HE   nOESNT  MIND  CARRYING 


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11  December 


writine  verse.  In  1890  he  publiuhed  his  first  volume  of  poems. 
He  had  also  tamed  his  attention  to  drama.  His  first  play  was 
a  failure.  Even  his  second,  ^  Les  Romanesques  " — a  romantic 
comedy  in  which  we  may  detect  the  combined  influence  of 
Shakespeare  and  Musset — had  to  wait  for  production  three 
yea.-^  tater  its  acceptance,  and  then  was  received  with  indiffer- 
enc.-.  But  it  was  enough  of  a  success  to  classify  Boetand  as  '^a 
humorous  writer  who  could  never  write  anything  but  comedy  "  I 
Meanwhile  he  wrote  "  La  Princesse  Lointaine,"  a  dramatiza- 
tion of  the  story  of  a  troubadour's  love  for  a  lady  whom 
he  had  never  seen.  Boetand  was  fortunate  enough  to  obtain 
Sarah  Bemhardt's  permission  to  have  the  play  read  by  him 
at  her  house.  She  invited  Constant  Coquelm  to  hear  It.  The 
e£Fect  was  prodigious.  Ma<lame  Bemharat  accepted  the  piece 
and  played  in  we  title  rTile.  And  Coquelin  said  to  Bostand : 
"^  I  bmd  myself  here  and  now  to  take  any  play  you  write  in 
which  there  is  a  part  for  me,  without  reading  it,  and  to  pro- 
duce the  piece  with  the  least  possible  delay." 

But,  as  "  La  Princesse  Lomtaine  "  was  not  a  merry  play,  it 
disappointed  critics.  Bostand,  in  revolt,  decided  that  he  would 
write  a  still  more  serious  piece.  Thereupon  he  produced  a  mod- 
em revival  of  a  mediaeval  miracle  play  and  (sdled  it  "  La  Sa- 
maritaine."  The  playwright  won.  The  piece  was  a  success. 

During  all  these  years,  even  as  a  child,  Rostand  had  been 
carrying  in  his  head  the  motif  of  "  Cyrano  de  Bergerac." 
Cyrano  was  best  known  on  accoimt  of  bis  enormous  nose,  any 
sharp  criticism  of  which  would  be  followed  by  a  duel.  Bostand's 
"''  Cyrano  "  attracted  more  attention  than  had  any  play  in  two 
generations.  One  may  criticise  it  as  one  will,  finding  in  it  an 
overstraining  after  e£Fect  and  a  lack  of  the  deeper  views  of  life, 
but  neverth^ess  the  play  stands  its  own  as  a  great  effort  of  the 
French  genius. 

Then  followed  "  L'Aiglon."  The  name, "  The  Little  Eagle," 
was  taken  from  Napoleon's  use  of  the  eagle  as  lus  symbol,  and 
the  i)iece  dramatized  the  pathetic  career  of  his  little  son.  Here 
again  Bostand's  instinct  showed  him  at  once  a  skillful  play- 
wright and  a  real  poet  This  piece  was  also  a  great  success,  and 
one  also  for  Madame  Bernhardt,  who  played  we  principal  part. 
Finally  came  "  Chanteder."  The  play  was  written  at  Cambo, 
and  was  inspired  by  its  pastoral  surroundings.  Speaking  of 
this,  Bostand  once  said : 

I  had  eone  for  a  walk.  I  had  occasion  to  stop  at  a  farmhouse, 
and,  while  I  waited  in  the  yard,  my  eyes  were  attracted  by  a 
blackbird  hopping  about  in  a  cage.  A  cock  entered.  Noticing 
the  sudden  attitude  of  the  blackbird,  I  said  to  myself,  "  He  is 
most  certainly  poking  fun  at  the  cock.  Doe8  tlie  cock  see  it  ?  If 
80,  what  does  he  think  of  it  ?"  Tliat  was  the  origin  of  "  Chante- 
der"— a  comedy  among  the  animals. 

"  Chantecler  "  recalled  Aristophanes's  *'  Birds,"  that  satire 
on  Athenian  ambition  and  gullibility.  Not  a  human  being 
played  as  such  on  the  stage.  Every  performer  was  either  a  bird 
or  an  animal.  The  transformation  of  players  into  dogs,  cocks, 
chicks,  ducks,  pheasants,  woodpeckers,  owls,  buttei^ies,  cer- 
tainly proved  an  amazing  change  from  what  the  staee  had  ordi- 
narily g^ven.  And  all  these  feathery  and  furry  folk  delivered 
lines  now  humorous  and  now  heart-moving.  The  play  revealed 
French  characteristics ;  Bostand  eidogized  some  and  ridiculed 
others. 

As  may  be  supposed,  such  a  play  was  almost  impossible  to 
produce.  The  lover  of  literature  will  always  prefer  to  read 
rather  than  to  see  it  Particularly  was  this  felt  when  the  play, 
translated,  came  to  America.  No  translation  could  have  repro- 
duce<l  the  delicate  puns  which  made  up  much  of  its  humor. 
The  title  role  was  essayed  by  Miss  Maude  Adams.  Her 
compelling  charm  lies  in  tiie  fact  that  she  is  the  most  feminine 
of  actresses.  Here  she  attempted  the  most  masculine  of  chai»o- 
terizations.  Yet  even  so,  she  was  an  alluring  type  of  masquerad- 
ing femininity. 


THE   DRUG   HABIT:  CHINA 

Last  winter  we  received  a  communication  from  a  missionary 
in  Szechuan,  the  westernmost  province  of  China.  He  said, 
among  other  things : 

Opium  may  be  routed  out  of  coast  cities  or  those  placeit  easily 
arceMible  by  steam  naTigatioii  and  comfortable  travel,  but  here. 


where  we  Itave  no  steam  and  where  travel  is  not  comfortable,  h 
still  grows,  is  exported — at  least  from  place  to  place  in  this  wide 
territory — and  is  eaten  or  smoked  in  large  quantities.  .  .  .  For 
a  few  years  it  has  been  kept  under  cover  somewhat,  bat  within 
the  last  year  it  b  openly  offered  for  sale  to  coolies  ajod  travelen 
on  the  road  out  here.  Indeed,  one  of  tlie  circumstances  which 
makes  sedan-chair  travel  now  so  troublesome  here  is  that  one 
most  take  men  addicted  to  the  opium  curse  and  who  most  bt 
given  so  much  time  each  day  to  stop  for  their  pipes. 

The  missionary  wrote  from  one  of  the  cities  of  the  province. 
He  added : 

Attempts  are  made  to  smuggle  opium  into  the  city  byaH 
means  of  which  the  cimning  Chmese  minds  can  think.  It  is  hid- 
den in  their  hair,  ears,  month,  sewed  up  in  their  ragged  clothing, 
mixed  up  in  bags  of  rice  or  other  grain,  and  inserted  into  tk 
various  parts  of  saddles ;  or  it  may  be  that  a  missionarv's  semnt 
has  secreted  some  hundreds  of  dollars'  worth  in  hu  master'* 
belongings,  knowing  tluit  it  has  tlie  better  chance  to  get  through 
because  a  foreigner  s  goods  are  not  searched  by  the  officials. 

The  opium-fields  spread  beyond  Szechuan.  Last  summer 
another  missionary  in  China — he  was  on  the  coast — wrote : 
The  cultivation  of  opium  seems  to  be  on  the  increase  in  severs! 
of  the  provinces.  The  probability  is  that  the  officials,  great  and 
small,  are  bribed  to  permit  it,  and  such  central  government  u 
there  is  simply  pays  no  attention  to  it.  Tli«  fact  is  that  there  is 
no  responsible  government  in  this  country. 

As  a  witness  to  the  still  further  spread  ef  opium  we  now  haw 
a  letter  from  a  more  recent  observer  in  SRteria  and  China  whi4b 
says: 

The  drug  situation  .  .  .  was  brought  to  my  notice  in  Vladi- 
vostok and  Tientsin  and  wherever  troops  are  stationed  in  the 
East. 

Thus  since  the  outbreak  of  the  war  the  great  anti-opinia 
movement  in  China  has  been  allowed  to  disint^rate.  It  b  ueoet- 
sary  that  the  world  significance  of  this  shomd  be  brought  to 
the  attention  of  all  nations.  And  it  is  specially  necessary  dot 
the  attention  of  China  in  particular  should  be  turned  to  her 
duty  if  her  good  name  is  to  endure.  Fortimately,  it  locks  at  if 
her  new  President  may  save  his  country  from  the  disgrace  which 
his  predecessor  threatened  to  inflict  upon  her. 

Just  before  the  war  broke  out  an  International  Opium  C«i>- 
ference  met  at  The  Hague  for  the  purpose  of  putting  the  treat) 
agnreed  upon  in  1912  into  effect.  The  war  interfered.  Now  that 
it  is  ended,  all  the  nations  shoidd  ratify  that  treaty.  America  faa> 
done  so,  and,  moreover,  has  put  into  effect  domestic  legislation 
to  control  aud  check  the  drug  tra£^c.  This  was  the  achievem«fit 
of  the  late  Dr.  Hamilton  Wright,  who,  as  delegate  to  the  Shang 
hai  Commission  in  1909  and  to  the  later  Hague  ConfereneeN 
had  the  opium  campaign  in  charge  for  our  Government  Sam- 
three  months  ago  Mrs.  Wright  made  a  personal  app^  to  tlir 
Chinese  Government  at  Peking.  It  now  announces  its  forth- 
coming destruction  of  some  $11,000,000  worth  of  opium. 


THE   DRUG   HABIT:  AMERICA 

When  we  speak  of  the  drug  habit  in  America,  we  are  apt 
to  think  only  of  opium  or  cocaine.  And  yet  there  is  another 
deadly  drug  that  u  attacking  the  lives  and  morals  of  men  awl 
women  on  this  continent 
The  drug  is  peyote,  and  the  men  and  women  are  Indians. 
Peyote  is  obtained  from  the  roots  of  a  cactus  (of  which  it  s 
the  Indian  name)  known  to  botanists  as  Anhalonivm  Lewitil. 
The  narcotic  drug  thus  obtained  produces  resiUts  upon  the  wt 
somewhat  analogous  to  those  produced  by  opium.  We  qnntf 
from  some  voucmed-for  statements  in  the  files  of  the  Depart- 
ment of  the  Interior : 

My  name  is  Pa-na-ro.  I  am  a  Lipan- Apache ;  I  live  five  mile* 
northeast  of  Indiahoma,  Oklahoma,  on  my  own  allotment  Ian 
about  fifty-seven  years  old.  ...  I  first  ate  peyote  in  Mexico. .  •  • 
It  was  use<l  as  a  medicine  at  first. ...  It  is  odled  mescal-peyote  in 
Mexico ;  here  in  Oklahoma  it  is  called  peyote  sometimes,  and 
sometimes  mescal.  When  I  was  sixteen  years  old,  I  ate  fottr 
peyote  beans  at  a  feast  and  was  crazy  for  two  days.  I  ran  off  to 
the  mountains  naked,  and  was  caught  and  tied  up  with  a  kriati 
I  have  the  marks  of  the  lariat  on  my  body  yet 

Here  is  another : 

I  am  a  full-hlood  Comanche  Indian,  fifty-one  years  old.  .  .  .  i 
usetl  peyote.  ...  I   have  also  drank  whisky  'to  exce«8,  ami  I 


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know  the  effects  of  peyote  ...  on  the  mind  are  worse  than  tliose 
of  whisky.  ...  At  our  peyote,  or  mescal,  feasts  all  of  us  chewed 
the  same  ball  or  quid  of  peyota^juid  if  one  of  tlie  men  had  con- 
sumption he  chewed  it  and  paased  it  to  the  next  man  in  the 
circle  just  the  same  as  if  he  was  well,  and  then  the  next  man 
chewed  it.  ...  I  have  seen  the  effects  of  peyote  .  .  .  and  I 
know  it  to  be  a  curse,  and  I  wish  we  might  be  saved  from  it. 

And  another — this  time  from  a  woman : 

I  am  about  half-blood  Comanche.  .  . .  After  my  first  baby  was 
bom  I  was  told  by  the  peyote-men  that  peyote  was  good  for 
babies,  so  I  took  my  baby  to  the  mescal  or  pevote  feast  when  it 
eot  sick,  and  the  peyote-men  spat  in  its  mouth  to  cure  it ;  but 
uiey  did  not  cure  mv  baby.  My  baby  died  a  few  weeks  later.  I 
have  had  eight  children,  but  the  five  older  ones  died  in  child- 
hood or  infancy.  Those  bom  since  I  quit  using  peyote  are  living 
and  are  in  good  health.  I  never  ate  more  than  four  peyote 
beans  daring  the  night  or  day  of  a  peyote  feast  After  I  had 
eaten  that  many  the  faces  of  those  people  around  me  looked 
strange.  .  .  .  My  husband  .  .  .  was  using  Peyote  at  the  same  time 
I  was,  but  he  quit  it  the  same  time  I  ma.  We  saw  there  was  no 
good  in  it,  but  Dad. 

The  drug  was  in  use  long  before  the  Spaniards  came  to 
^lexico.  It  is  now  used  ceremonially  and  medicinally  (for  it 
las  some  medical  uses,  as  opium  has)  by  the  Arache,  Ai-apahoe, 
Cheyenne,  Comanche,  Kiowa,  Omaha,  Osage,  Winnebago,  and 
>ther  tribes.  It  is  sapping  nervous  energy  and  will  power.  It 
8  a  dire  reminder  of  debamd  superatition. 

Can  nothing  be  done  to  deal  with  this  situation  ?  The  Depart- 
nent  of  Agriculture  has  prohibited  the  importation  of  peyote 
nto  the  United  States  as  an  article  injurious  to  the  health  of 
he  people.  The  Post  Office  Department  has  excluded  it  from 
;he  mails  as  a  poison.  A  few  States  have  passed  prohibitory 
aws.  But  beyond  these  measures  we  have  no  means  of  stamp- 
ngoat  its  use. 

The  present  session  of  Congress,  the  "  short  session,"  should 
be  long  enough  for  the  passage  of  an  anti-peyote  bill  similar  in 
its  provisions  to  the  Anti-Opium  Bill  of  1915. 


CLEVELAND  CADY  FROST 

Readers  of  The  Outlook  know  the  valuation  that  this 
journal  places  npon  the  unique  work  of  Berea  College,  Ken- 
:ucky,  imder  the  direction  of  its  President,  William  Goodell 
Frost.  Dr.  Frost  and  the  institution  which  he  has  developed 
liave  had  an  incalculable  influence  upon  the  rapidly  g^wmg 
flucational  aspirations  of  the  moimtain  regions  of  Kentucky 
ind  Tennessee,  which  have  long  been  isolated  from  the  various 
impulses  of  modem  American  civilization.  The  war  has  brought 
I  loss  to  Berea  which  can  hartUy  be  measured  because  it  was  in 
me  sense  a  potential  loss.  Lieutenant  Cleveland  Cady  Frost, 
the  third  son  of  President  Frost,  was  killed  last  September 
luring  an  attack  of  a  German  submarine  which  torpedoed  the 
transport  Ticonderoga.  The  transport  was  carrying  over  a  great 
oad  of  horses  and  men  for  field  artillery,  one  hundred  and 
>wenty-five  of  the  men  being  luider  Lieutenant  Frost's  com- 
mand. Lieutenant  Frost  was  only  a  little  over  twenty-two  years 
>f  age,  and  was  graduated  from  Yale  in  1917.  He  had  done 
Doch  exploring  work  in  the  moimtain  region  of  Kentucky,  and 
>raa  planning  to  become  a  special  aid  of  his  father,  President 
Frost,  in  the  educational  projects  of  Berea. 

In  April,  1917,  at  our  request.  Lieutenant  Frost,  while  still 
m  undergraduate  at  Yale,  although  at  that  time  in  the  training 
xjrps,  wrote  a  delightfid  article  for  The  Outlook  on  "  TraveC 
ing  on  Horseback  in  the  Kentucky  mountains.  This  sketch 
ihowed  not  only  a  knowledge  of  and  sympathy  with  horses,  but 
dflo  with  human  kind — a  sympathy  which  was  sig^nificant  of 
bis  later  achievements,  for  he  went  into  the  artillery,  where  he 
was  very  successful  in  hb  handling  both  of  horses  and  of  men. 
i^peaking  in  this  article  of  the  Kentucky  mountains,  the  young 
uithor  said : 

The  horse  is  indeed  the  only  means  of  travel.  The  natives 
never  learn  to  ride.  That  acquirement  is  inevitable,  and  comes 
before  memory  begins.  A  group  of  incredulous  mountaineers 
watched  with  amazement  a  New  Yorker's  struggle  to  mount  his 
horse,  asking,  in  consternation,  "  Well,  whur  on  earth  d'ye  reckon 
he's  raised  r^  So  necessary  is  the  horse  to  their  very  existence 
,  that  an  old  mother  once  complained  of  the  law's  severity  in 


sending  her  son  to  the  "  pen  "  for  manslaaghter,  contending, 
"  Ye  know,  hit  wam't  like  es  though  he'd  stord  a  hoss !" 

It  is  with  considerable  hesitation  that  a  lover  of  these  moun- 
tuns  and  their  people  proclaims  the  quiet  joys  of  horseback 
travel  among  them.  They  are  a  final  sanctnuy  from  pressing 
vacation  crowds,  and  one  may  find  the  world  well  lost  in  the 
pleasures  of  leafy  trails  and  loitering  creeks. 

The  untimely  death  of  Lieutenant  Frost  is  not  merely  a  per- 
sonal loss  to  his  f amUy,  but  deprives  the  monntun  region,  which 
he  so  much  loved,  of  a  friend  who  would  have  grown  into  a  rare 
sort  of  companion  and  helper. 


RECONSTRUCTION  IN  ASIATIC  TURKEY 

Reconstruction  in  what  has  been  Asiatic  Turkey  is  of 
peculiar  importance,  for  the  r^on  is  reaUy  the  key  to  uie  Old 
World.  It  controls  the  sea  routes  to  India,  China,  Japan,  and 
Australia.  It  controls  the  best  land  route  from  Europe  to  the 
Far  East.  It  also  controls  those  routes  used  from  time  imme- 
morial between  the  empires  of  northern  Africa  and  those  of 
the  Mesopotamian  plains. 

Reconstruction  in  Turkey  is  also  of  economic  significanee,  for 
its  great  natural  resources  are  almost  tmtouched.  They  must 
be  developed.  The  survivors  of  the  massacres  and  the  four 
million  refugees  who  have  been  driven  oat  of  their  homes  by 
the  Turks  during  the  past  three  years  most  be  shown  how  to 
bring  about  this  development.  They  must  be  hdped  materially 
and  morally.  In  particular  the  women  must  be  enabled  to 
support  themselves.  The  orphans  must  be  taught  agricultural 
and  industrial  methods.  But  first  of  all  the  starved,  abused 
bodies  of  men,  women,  and  children  must  be  restored  as  much 
as  possible  by  food  and  medical  care.  And  the  crazed  minds, 
darkened  by  dreadful  memories,  must  be  awakened  to  new  hope. 

Accordingly,  the  American  Committee  for  Armenian  and 
S3rrian  Relief  had  been  {banning  to  send  a  Commission  to  reluu 
bUitate  western  Asia  when  war  should  cease.  This  Commission 
was  organized  before  the  armistice  was  signed,  and,  with  the  full 
co-operation  of  all  the  Governments  concerned,  it  is  preparing 
to  sail  as  soon  as  transportation  conditions  permit. 

Its  Chairman  is  Dr.  James  L.  Barton,  formerly  President  of 
Euphrates  College,  at  Harput  in  Asia  Minor ;  he  is  familiar  with 
the  Turkish  language  and  Turkish  people,  and  at  present  u 
Secretary  of  the  American  Board  of  Commissioners  for  Foreign 
Missions.  Among  other  members  are  Professor  E.  C.  Moore, 
of  Harvard  University,  and  Dr.  W.  W.  Peet,  for  thirty-five 
years  resident  in  Constantinople,  where  he  has  been  treasurer 
of  various  American  educational  and  philanthropic  enterprises. 
This  Commission  expects  to  secure  one  or  more  Government 
transports  or  colliers  on  which  it  will  send  from  one  hundred 
to  three  hundred  experienced  American  doctors,  nurses,  orphan- 
age workers,  teachers,  agricultural  experts  and  farm  tractor 
operators,  civil  and  sanitary  engineers,  mechanics,  and  other 
technically  trained  men  and  women  to  assist  in  reconstruction. 
Many  of  these  workers  have  already  been  selected  from  among 
teachers,  doctors,  and  nurses  who  were  formerly  resident  in 
Turkey. 

Dr.  Geonfe  Washburn,  a  grandson  of  Dr.  Cyrus  Hamlin,  one 
of  the  founders  of  Robert  College,  at  Constantinople,  and  a  son 
of  the  late  President  Washburn,  of  the  same  institution,  bom  in 
Constantinople,  and  now  a  leader  in  the  medical  profession  of 
America,  will  take  the  leadership  of  a  medical  unit  to  accom- 
pany the  Commission  or  follow  with  medical  supplies  as  soon  as 
practicable.  Some  volunteers  have  already  offered  to  serve  with- 
out compensation ;  it  is  believed  that  a  considerable  number 
will  thus  give  their  services.  Where  necessary,  however,  moder- 
ate compensation  will  be  provided. 

This  work  of  reconstruction  in  Asiatic  Turkey,  a  primitive 
region,  will,  of  course,  far  outrun  any  Svrian  or  Armenian 
boundaries.  Indeed,  the  American  Committee  for  Armenian 
and  Syrian  Relief  has  long  devoted  its  services  not  only  to 
Armenia  and  Syria  but  to  all  the  peoples  who  have  suffered  by 
the  barbarities  practiced  by  the  Turks  and  the  Germans. 

The  coming  endeavor  is,  of  course,  beset  with  great  difficul- 
ties. But  these  very  difficulties  will  caU  out  the  utmost  powers 
of  those  who  are  fortunate  enough  to  try  to  solve  them  on  the 
ground.  > 

Digitized  by  Vn^^^^V  l^ 


576 


THE   OUTLOOK 


11    UCCCIBMl 


THE    PRESIDENT'S    ABSENCE 


THE  question  whether  the  President  should  go  to  Europe  is 
no  longer  a  subject  for  public  discussion.  It  was  one  for 
him  to  decide ;  he  has  decided  it,  and  not  long  after  this 
paper  reaches  our  readers  he  will  be  in  Europe.  It  must  be 
assumed  that  his  motives  are  patriotic,  that  he  believes  that  no 
one  can  represent  the  country  abroad  in  this  critical  hour  of 
world  history  so  well  as  he  can  represent  it,  for  the  simple 
reason  that  be  cannot  confer  npon  any  delegate  whom  he  might 
appoint  the  European  reputation,  and  therefore  the  Eiuropean 
influence,  which  as  the  Nation's  Chief  he  can  exert  at  the  Peace 
Congress.  The  Constitution  lays  upon  him  certain  duties  at 
home:  to  gfive  to  Congress  information  of  the  state  of  the 
Union,  to  recommend  for  their  consideration  such  measures  as 
he  may  deem  expedient,  to  receive  ambassadors,  to  take  care 
that  die  laws  are  faithfully  executed,  to  a})point  all  United 
States  officers,  and  to  pass  upon  all  laws  which  Congress  may 
enact.  But  it  also  lays  npon  him  duties  to  be  performed  by  him 
or  his  appointees  abroad :  the  duty  to  act  as  Commander-in- 
Chief  of  the  Army  and  Navy  of  the  United  States,  and  to 
n^otiate  treaties,  subject  to  the  approval  of  the  Senate.  He 
may  well  have  thought  that  the  latter  class  of  duties  are  at  this 
juncture  more  important  than  the  former  class,  and  that  he 
cannot  advantageously  fulfill  them  while  remaining  three  thou- 
sand miles  away  from  the  field  of  war  and  of  negotiation.  For 
it  must  not  be  forgotten  that  as  yet  no  peace  has  been  declared 
between  the  Allies  and  the  Central  Powers. 

But  if  it  is  for  the  President  to  determine  where,  in  the  pres- 
ent crisis,  his  duty  lies,  it  is  for  the  people,  through  Congress, 
to  determine  what  shall  be  done  in  the  absence  of  the  President 
to  secure  the  due  and  prompt  performance  of  those  home  duties 
which  the  Constitution  devolves  upon  him.  The  Constitution 
provides  that  in  case  of  the  death,  resignation,  or  inability  of 
the  President  to  dischai^  the  duties  of  his  office,  they  shall 
devolve  upon  the  Vice-President.  It  does  not  in  terms  provide 
how  the  question  shall  be  determined  trhetber  the  President  is 
unable  to  perform  his  duties.  We  have  no  doubt  that  the  duty 
of  determming  that  question  devolves  upon  Congress,  and 
this  opinion  is  confirmed  by  the  explicit  provision  of  the  Consti- 
tution that "  the  Congress  may  by  law  provide  for  the  case  of 
removal,  death,  resignation,  or  inability,  both  of  the  President 
and  Vice-President ' 

Two  resolutions  have  been  introduced  into  Congress,  one  in 
the  House,  the  other  in  the  Senate,  both  from  Illinois.  Senator 
Sherman's  resolution  seems  to  imply  that  the  inability  of  the 
President  is  permanent,  that  by  going  abroad  he  has  vacated 
his  office.  This  resolution  seems  to  us  to  be  preposterous.  That 
introduced  by  Representative  Rodenberg  explicitly  provides 
that  the  inability  is  temporary,  and  will  be  removed  by  the 
President's  return  to  America.  We  can  see  no  reason  for 
doubting  that  it  is  a  temporary  disability  only,  and  will  be 
removed  by  the  President's  return.  Though  there  are,  so  far  as 
we  know,  no  legal  precedents  to  determine  the  action  of  Con- 
gress in  ibm  matter,  we  cannot  doubt  that  it  is  its  Constitutional 
power  to  declare  the  President  unable  to  perform  his  home 
duties  while  away  from  the  country.  We  think  the  terms  of 
the  preamble  to  the  resolutions  introduced  in  the  Senate  and  in 
the  House  give  abimdaut  reasons  for  affirming  that  the  Presi- 
dent's absence  does  involve  such  inability.  And  we  thiuk  it 
will  be  wise  for  Congress  now  to  confer  on  the  Vice-Pi-esident 
the  power  to  perform  the  duties  of  the  President  until  the 
President  returns. 

For,  if  conditions  are  critical  abroad,  they  are  also  critical  at 
home.  If  it  is  impossible  to  overrate  the  importance  of  our 
international  action  at  this  time,  it  is  very  easy  to  underrate  the 
itnportanoe  of  our  domestic  legislation,  and  we  do  not  think  that 
the  country  should  be  without  an  Executive  head,  able  to  act 
promptly  in  case  of  necessity. 

Since  no  treaties  are  valid  unless  they  are  approved  by  the 
Senate,  and  since  the  Senate  cannot  intelligently  act  if  it  has  no 
other  information  than  such  as  is  furnished  to  it  by  the  news- 
papers on  the  one  hand  and  by  the  President's  official  communi- 
cations on  the  other,  it  is  unfortunate  that  the  President  did 
not  appoint  two  Senators,  one  from  each  of  the  two  great  par- 
ties, as  del^^tes  to  the  Peace  Congress.  Since  he  has  not  done 


so,  the  Senate  will  act  wisely  if  it  appoints  a  committee  of  Sm* 
tors  containing  an  equal  number  of  representatives  of  each  d 
the  two  great  parties  to  attend  the  Peace  Conference  and  bring 
home  for  the  information  and  guidance  of  the  Senate  such  farfa 
as  it  has  gathered,  not  only  respecting  the  acts  of  the  Conferen** 
but  also  respecting  European  conditions  and  European  imhlk 
opinion.  It  is  true  that  such  a  committee  will  have  no  ofBdal 
standing  in  the  Conference.  It  is  true  that  there  is  some  awkwanl 
nees  in  thus  frankly  avowing  to  the  European  peoples  that  tbn 
Senate  does  not  consent  to  the  seeming  assumption  of  antoer&tk 
authority  by  the  President  But  these  disadvantages  are  insif 
nificant  as  compared  with  the  very  great  disadvantage  whic* 
would  inevitably  follow  if  the  President  should  negotiat*"  i 
treaty  vnth  the  European  Powers  and  the  Senate  shoiSd  eithn 
refuse  to  confirm  it  leel  itself  compelled  to  confirm  it  agjainrt 
its  own  better  judgment,  or  should  make  its  confirmatian  i 
purely  perfunctory  act 

A   LEAGUE    OF    NATIONS 

THE   ORIGIN   AND   GROWTH   OF  THE   IDEA 

To  many  Americans  the  proposal  for  a  Lei^e  of  Nation 
seems  to  be  noveL  Even  some  journals  which  are  intelli 
gent  report  it  as  the  child  of  some  favorite  contemponui 
statesman.  In  fact,  it  is  a  growth  from  seeds  planted  in 
the  thoughts  of  men  from  very  early  ages.  The  homtn 
of  war  have  always  been  realized  by  those  who  have  suffeivd 
from  war,  and  ill-defined  hopes  of  deliveraiice  have  alwan 
been  entertained  by  poets  and  prophets  and  found  expresoun 
in  literature.  The  earliest  proposal  by  a  practical  Btatesqnaii 
of  a  definite  plan  for  such  a  League  is  probably  that  <i 
the  Due  de  Sully,  the  Minister  of  Henry  IV,  a  scheme  whiti 
has  since  been  known  as  the  "  Grand  Design  of  Henry  IV  i 
France."  It  included  the  creation  of  a  "  Grreat  General  Conn- 
cil "  of  commissioners  from  fifteen  Powers,  with  a  system  d 
minor  councils  from  which  appeals  could  be  made  to  the  G«d- 
eral  Council,  which  should  have  jurisdiction  of  all  queititib 
arising  among  the  states,  the  CouncU's  decrees  to  be  biodiif 
upon  all  and  to  be  enforced  by  the  combined  military  streogtl 
contributed  by  each  state  in  the  confederation.  Twenty  yean 
later  Emeric  Cruc^  the  French^publicist,  formulated  a  moR 
comprehensive  scheme  to  indiure  all  civilized  nations  and  t» 
cover  all  disputes  among  them/^The  suggestion  that  freedinncf 
trade  among  natiojife  would  be  an  aid  to  peace  was  <nie  featni* 
of  Crucee's  planV  Seventy  years  later  W  illiam  Penn  propael 
a  Parliament  ov  Nations  to  which  all  questions  should  be  soK 
mitted  and  its  decisions  enforced,  the  expenses  of  enforoeoieDl 
and  damages  to  be  exacted  from  the  disobedient  state.  Thirty- 
six  years  later,  in  1729,  the  Abb^  de  St.  Pierre,  subsequoit  (•• 
the  peace  of  Utreclit,  proposed  an  International  Grand  Asen^ 
bly  to  which  plenipotentiaries  should  be  sent  Each  state  nt 
to  renounce  the  right  of  making  war  and  to  agree  to  submit  to 
the  arbitration  of  all  disputes  between  nations  by  the  Gnai 
Assembly.  In  1769,  Jean  Jacques  Rousseau  pn^osed  a  Per- 
manent International  Parliament  or  Diet  representing  tk- 
"  Irrevocable  Alliance  "  of  states,  guaranteeing  the  perpeto*- 
tion  of  national  conditions  then  prevailing.  He  was  perha|«  tht- 
first  one  to  suggest  distinctiy  a  confederation.  **  If,"  be  laiA. 
"  there  be^any  practicable  means  of  avoiding  these  evik  .<< 
war],  they  must  be  sought  for  in  the  establishment  of  aconfn* 
eration  by  which  distinct  oommtuities  may  be  united  tngetbcr 
in  the  same  manner  as  the  individual  members  of  a  partinitf 
state  are  now  united  in  one  society." 

This   idea  of  a  confederation,  practically   adopted  by  t^ 
American  colonies  in  their  Articles  of  Confederatioo,  wv  9> 
1786  urged  by  Jeremy  Bentham,  the  English  philosopber,  wW 
added  the  then  novel  suggestion  of  reduction  of  arnuuneotfi  tat 
the  emancipation  of  all  colonies.    He  regarded  colonial  pMi^ 
sions  as  by  far  the  most  frequent  cause  of  war.    It  is  an  inti;  | 
esting  and  curious  fact  that  this  developing  idea  of  a  Lo^ 
of  Nations  was  carried  still  further  by  Immanud  Kanttl* 
great  German  philosopher^  Jn  1796,  one  hundred  and  ninH^- 
years  before  the  German  war  to  establish  a  German  dominao^ 
of  the  world.  Kant  proposed  as  a  governing  body  a  Penaaik^ 
International  Congress,  insisted  that  every  adhering  state  iil»«>* 
Digitized  by  VJWVJV  IV^ 


1918 


THE   OUTLOOK 


577 


be  republican  in  form,  advocated  a  world  citizenghip  in  addition 
to  a  national  citazensbip,  proposed  that  every  citizen  should 
participate  by  his  representatives  in  the  exercise  of  legislative 
power,  and  especially  in  the  consideration  of  the  question  of 
peace  and  war,  and  pointed  out  clearly  tliat  to  secure  a  world 
^ace  nations  must  relinquish  somethmg  of  their  sovereignty. 
By  the  middle  of  the  nineteenth  century  these  suggestions  begau 
to  take  efifect.  At  the  guggestiooxriLElihu  Burritt,  the  "  Learned 
Blacksmith,"  an  Litemational  Congress  of  the  Friends  of  Peace 
convened  at  Brussels  in  the  interest  of  universal  brotherhood 
and  international  arbitration.  Eight  years  later  a  Congress  of 
seven  nations  was  held  in  Paris  which  passed  rules  respecting 
the  rights  of  neutral  vessels  and  neutral  gootls  on  enemy  vessels 
during  war,  rules  which  were  afterwards  signed  by  other  nations 
and  mve  since  been  practically  universally  adopted. 

"The  present  movement  in  America  for  a  Permanent  League 
of  Nations  may  be  said  to  date  from  the  summer  of  1895.  In 
that  year  Mr.  Albert  K.  Smiley  had  invited  something  like  a 
hundred  gentlemen  and  ladies  from  different  parts  of  the  coun- 
try to  meet  at  his  hotel  at  Lake  Mohonk  in  New  York  State  to 
consider  the  question  what  could  be  done  to  promote  interna- 
tional arbitration  as  a  substitute  for  war.  Aud  since  that  iii-st 
invitation  this  Arbitration  Conference  has  been  held  every  year 
until  the  outbreak  of  the  present  world  waiy  It  was  popxdarly 
called  a  Peace  Conference,  but  Mr.  Smiley  was  always  carefiil 
to  explain  at  every  aimual  session  that  it  was  not  a  Peace  Con- 
ference, that  his  object  in  calling  it  was  to  see  whether  by  a  free 
interchange  of  opinions  by  thoughtftd  men  it  might  not  be  pos- 
sible to  discover  some  better  method  of  securing  justice  among 
the  nations  than  the  methtxl  of  war.  Rarely,  if  ever,  did  an  annim 
session  pass  without  the  presence  of  and  a  paper  or  aildress  from 
some  important  member  of  either  the  Anuy  or  the  Navy.  Often 
both  branches  of  the  military  service  were  represented  at  these 
conferences.  And  while  these  representatives  always  recognized 
the  necessity  of  being  prepared  for  war  in  the  present  stage  of 
civilization,  none  were  more  eager  than  they  to  find  a  substitute. 

At  the  first  session  of  this  Conference,  in  1895,  Edward 
Everett  Ilale  made  a  notable  speech.  He  pointed  out  the  dis- 
tinction Injtween  a  board  of  arbitration  and  a  court  of  justice. 
The  board  of  arbitration  is  organized  after  the  controversy 
lias  arisen  and  the  i^assions  of  the  contending  parties  are 
aroused.  It  is  comj)o8e<l  of  represenbvtives  of  the  two  contend- 
ing parties  in  equal  proportions,  with  an  umpire  to  preside  and 
tu  cast  the  decitling  vote  in  case  of  an  equal  division.  Its  result 
ia  almost  invariably  a  compromise.  A  court  of  justice  is  organ- 
ized as  a  permanent  Inxly  without  any  reference  to  special  con- 
ti'oversies  which  have  arisen  or  may  arise.  It  is  composed  of 
men  selected  for  their  judicial  temper  and  their  freeclom  from 
any  interest  in  the  controversy.  And  their  object  is,  not  to 
secure  peace  by  a  compromise,  but  justice  by  an  impartial  and 
righteous  decision. 

The  conservative  and  rational  spirit  which  animated  this 
Arbitration  Conference  increased  both  its  numbers  and  its  influ- 
ence. It  came  to  have  representatives,  appointed  by  Chambers 
of  Conunerce,  in  most  of  the  principal  cities  of  the  country. 
They  brought  to  Lake  Mohonk  reports  of  the  public  sentiment 
of  their  communities  and  carrietl  back  from  Lake  Mohonk  the 
ideas  and  ideals  which  had  been  presented,  some  of  them  doubt- 
less impracticable,  but  many  of  them  fumislie<l  by  men  of  prac- 
tical experience  in  public  affairs.  And  when  in  1899  the  First 
Hague  Conference  met,  calletl  by  the  Czar  of  Russia  largely 
for  a  different  purpose,  the  scheme  of  an  International  Perma- 
nent Court  was  approved  and  stejw  were  taken  towartl  its 
organization. 

In  a  democracy  like  that  of  America  the  people  discuss  the 
(luestions  of  National  aud  intt>mational  policies,  not  only  through 
the  press  and  through  i)ersonal  conversations,  but  also  through 
conferences  called  into  existence  for  this  educational  purpose. 
And  when  through  these  discussions  the  public  opinion  is  formed 
in  support  of  any  s]»ecific  policy,  Congress  discovers  the  fact  aud 
formulates  that  policy  in  National  legislation.  Following  the 
organization  of  the  International  Arbitration  Conference  at 
Lake  Mohonk  and  the  action  at  the  Second  Hague  Conference 
providing  for  a  Pennanent  Court  of  Arbitral  Justice,  four  vol- 
untary societies  were  organized,  animated  by  the  desire  to  su1> 
atitute  the  appeal  to  reason  for  the  appeal  to  force,  but  devoting 


themselves  to  different  aspects  of  the  questions  necessarily  in- 
volved in  any  such  radical  reconstruction  of  international  rela- 
tionships. In  1910  a  company  of  lawyers  and  publicists  foimde<l 
the  American  Society  for  the  Judicial  Settlement  of  Inter- 
national Disputes.  In  1912  the  American  Institute  of  Inter- 
national Law  was  founded,  its  membership  being  largely  con- 
fined to  lawyers  and  publicists.  In  1915  a  World  Court  League 
was  organized,  and  a  month  later,  in  the  same  year,  a  League 
to  Enforce  Peace.  The  latter,  with  ex-President  Taft  as  its 
permanent  Chairman  and  President,  and  A.  Lawrence  Lowell, 
of  Harvard  University,  as  the  Chairman  of  its  Executive  Com- 
mittee, formulated  a  definite  programme,  which  has  been  largely 
accepted  by  the  press  and  by  the  public,  not  only  of  America, 
but  also  of  England,  France,  and  Italy,  as  furnishing  a  clear 
and  definite  plan  well  worthy  of  consideration  and  debate. 
Similar  Leagues  have  since  been  formed  in  Belgium,  Paris, 
and  Great  Britain.  What  was  in  1895  a  somewhat  vague  hope 
of  moralists  and  reformers  has  become  in  1918  a  definite  plan 
of  practical  statesmen  representing  the  Governments  of  several 
of  the  Great  Powers.  The  first  official  approval  by  our  Govern- 
ment was  furnished  by  President  Wilson  in  an  address  deliv- 
ered before  the  League  to  Enforce  Peace  in  May,  1915.  In 
this  address  he  said : 

So  sincerely  do  we  believe  in  these  things  that  I  am  sure  that 
I  speak  tlie  mind  and  wish  of  the  people  of  America  when  I  say 
that  the  United  States  is  willing  to  become  a  partner  in  any 
feasible  association  of  nations  formed  in  order  to  realize  these 
objects  and  make  them  secure  against  violation. 

To  complete  this  history  we  shoidd  add  that  at  this  writing 
a  League  of  Free  Nations  Association  has  just  been  formed  in 
this  country.  It  is  somewhat  more  ambitious  than  its  American 
predecessors,  since  it  not  only  expresses  the  spirit  which  should 
animate  and  the  principles  which  should  guide  in  the  formation 
of  a  League  of  Nations,  but  defines  with  a  good  deal  of  precision 
the  particular  methods  which  should  be  adopted.  The  following 
statement  of  its  principles,  which  we  extract  from  its  pronun- 
ciamento,  will  serve  to  illustrate  to  our  readers  the  distinctive 
characteristic  of  this  new  Association  : 

A  universal  association  of  nations  based  upon  the  principle 
that  the  security  of  each  shall  rest  upon  the  strength  of  the 
whole,  pledged  to  uphold  international  arrangements  giving 
equality  of  political  right  and  economic  opportunity,  the  associa- 
tion to  be  \>ased  upon  a  constitution  democratic  in  character, 
possessing  a  central  council  or  parliament  as  ti-uly  representa- 
tive as  possible  of  all  the  political  parties  in  the  constituent 
nations,  open  to  any  nation,  and  only  such  nation,  whose  govern- 
ment is  res])onsible  to  the  people.  The  formation  of  such  an  asso- 
ciation should  be  an  integral  part  of  tlie  settlement  itself,  and  ibt 
territorial  problems,  and  not  distinct  therefrom.  It  should  pro- 
hibit the  formation  of  minor  leagues  or  special  covenants,  or 
special  economic  combinations,  boycotts,  or  exclusions.  Differ- 
ences between  members  should  be  submitted  to  its  judicial 
bodies.  Its  administrative  machinery  should  be  built  up  from 
the  inter- Allied  bodies  already  in  existence,  expanded  into  inter- 
national bodies  differentiated  in  function  and  democratize<l  in 
constitution.  The  effective  sanction  of  the  association  should  not 
be  alone  the  combined  military  power  of  the  whole,  used  as  an 
instrument  of  repression,  but  such  use  of  tlie  world-wide  control 
of  economic  resources  as  would  make  it  more  advantageous  for 
a  state  to  become  and  remain  a  member  of  the  association,  and 
to  co-operate  with  it,  than  to  challenge  it. 

These  plans,  ancient  and  modem,  differ  in  some  important 
details,  but  in  one  fundamental  resi)ect  they  are  all  alike  :  they 
all  assume  that  if  the  right  method  can  be  found  that  is  all  that 
is  necessary  to  secure  to  the  nations  justice  and  peace.  But  that 
is  not  all  that  is  necessary.  Preliminary  to  all  work  of  statesmen 
in  devising  methods  is  the  develupment  in  the  peoples  of  a 
supreme  desire  for  justice  and  peace.  This  truth  is  very  clearly 
presented  in  what  is  perhaps  the  oldest  expression  in  literature 
of  the  hojHj  of  a  day  coming  of  universal  peace.  It  is  contained 
in  the  writuig^a  of  a  Hebrew  poet  and  statesman,  written  prob- 
ably in  the  eighth  century  before  Christ :. 

And  it  shall  come  to  pass  in  the  latter  days,  tliat  the  mountain 
of  Jehovah's  house  Mhall  be  established  in  the  top  of  the  moun- 
tains, and  slwll  be  exalted  above  the  hills ;  and  all  nations  shall 
flow  imto  it.  And  many  peoples  shall  go  and  say.  Come  ye,  and 
let  us  go  up  to  the  mountain  of  Jehovah,  to  the  house  of  the 
God  of  Jacob ;  and  he  will  teach  us  of  his  ways,  and  we  will 

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II  Decemlier 


walk  in  hU  paths :  for  out  of  Zion  shall  go  forth  the  law,  and 
the  word  of  Jehovah  from  Jemsalem.  And  he  shall  judge  between 
the  nations,  and  shall  decide  concerning  nmny  peoples :  and  they 
shall  beat  their  swords  into  plowsharas,  and  tlieir  spears  into 
pmning-hooks :  nation  shall  not  lift  up  sword  against  nation, 
neither  sliall  they  learn  war  any  more. 

A  union  of  nations  which  will  bring  in  the  era  of  peace  and 
justice  can  be  secured  only  as  the  peoples  recognize  tiiat  there 
IS  a  sovereignty  above  the  sovereignty  of  the  nation  and  a  law 
above  the  laws  of  kings  and  congresses.  There  was  a  League  of 
Nations  in  August,  1914,  to  which  Germany  belonged ;  but  she 
abandoned  it  without  a  qualm  because  she  recog^iized  no  sover- 
eignty above  the  sovereignty  of  the  state,  no  aJlegfiance  above 
the  ul^ance  due  to  the  Kiuser,  and  no  divine  law  superior  to 
her  own  self-wiU.  No  scheme  which  the  Congress  at  Versailles 
can  invent  will  be  any  stronger  than  the  public  conscience  of 
the  peoples  behind  that  scheme.  The  disregard  of  this  simple 
but  fundamental  principle  makes  the  ardor  of  the  radical  who 
thinks  that  righteousness  can  be  established  by  a  resolution 
almost  as  g^reat  a  peril  to  the  League  of  Nations  as  the  pessi- 
mism of  the  conservative  who  thinKs  that  nothing  can  ever  be 
done  in  the  future  unless  there  is  a  precedent  for  it  in  the  past. 


ALLY    OR   "ASSOCIATE"? 

Three  weeks  ago  we  asked  the  question, "  Is  America  an  Ally  ?" 
We  pointed  out  that  in  recent  diplomatic  exchanges  and  in  such 
an  important  document  as  the  armistice  the  phrase,  "the 
United  States  and  the  Allies,"  is  scrupulously  used.  If  the 
United  States  is  not  an  Ally  (and  our  Government  and  the  other 
Governments  which  have  been  represented  in  the  Versailles 
Supreme  Council  seem  so  to  hold),  questions  naturally  follow  as 
to  the  difference  at  the  council  table  at  the  Versailles  Congress 
between  the  Allies  and  their  "  associate,"  the  United  States. 

The  question, "  Is  the  United  States'an  Ally  ?"  was  asked  with 
the  intention  of  bringing  out  comment  and  information.  Several 
of  our  correspondents  have  been  kind  enough  to  point  out  that 
the  phrase, "  the  United  States  and  the  AlHes,"  has,  in  point  of 
fact,  been  constantly  and  purposely  used  by  our  Government. 
But  this  is  merely  restating  what  was  stated  in  our  editorial. 
In  effect  our  question  was.  Why  should  the  United  States  not 
be  an  Ally  ?  If  it  is  not  an  Ally,  how  does  this  affect  our  rela- 
tions with  our  "  associates  "  ? 

Other  readers  assert  that  to  be  an  ally  a  nation  must  have 
signed  a  treaty  of  alliance.  One  irate  gentleman  declares  that 
we  should  look  at  the  dictionary.  We  nave  looked  at  the  dio- 
tionary.  We  find  this  definition  of  the  noim  ally  :  "  A  state,  sov- 
ereign, or  chief  leagued  with  another,  as  by  treaty  agreement, 
or  common  action."  (Italics  ours.)  We  also  find  this  definition 
of  the  verb  "  to  ally  :"  "  To  unite  by  fonnal  treaty,  compact, 
leaeue,  or  community  of  interests  ana  purposes"  (Italics  ours.) 

\i  the  country  which  sent  two  million  men  to  Europe  to  aid 
in  the  common  purpose  of  resisting  a  common  enemy  did  not 
in  a  true  sense  aUy  itself  with  the  other  nations,  and  if  the 
soldiers  who  fell  side  by  side  with  the  British  near  Cambrai 
and  with  the  French  at  Chateau  Thierry  were  not  eng^aged  in 
"  common  action  "  with  the  armies  of  France  and  Great  Brit- 
ain, then  not  merely  words,  but  deeds,  cease  to  mean  anything. 
So  much  for  the  dictionary. 

It  is  tnte  that  we  have  no  treaty  alliance  with  Great  Britain 
and  France  as  to  the  war,  but  is  it  straining  the  meaning  of 
the  word  "  ally  "  to  use  it  of  a  nation  which  has  worked  and 
fought  for  those  other  countries  which  President  Wilson  himself 
described  when  we  entered  the  war  as  "  the  nations  with  whom 
we  have  now  made  common  cause,  in  whose  support  and  by 
whose  side  we  shall  be  fighting  "  ? 

But  if  we  are  not  an  Ally,  who  is  V  It  will  be  remembered 
that  before  we  entered  the  war,  in  December,  1916,  President 
Wilson  sent  forth  a  Note,  part  of  which  was  directed  to  the 
belligerent  nations,  part  to  the  neutral  nations,  andpart  to  those 
whi<£  were  classed  as  "  the  ten  Entente  Allies."  These  nations 
were  named.  They  were  as  follows :  Great  Britain,  France, 
Italy,  Japan,  Russia,  Belgium,  Montenegro,  Portugal,  Ru- 
mania, and  Serbia.  The  same  ten  countries  were  named  spe- 
cifically in  the  joint  reply  of  the  Allies  to  the  Central  Powers. 


They  are  there  also  referred  to  as  "  the  Entente  Allies,"  althoa|^ 
it  does  not  appear  certain  that  mutual  treaties  of  alliance  exut 
among  all  of  uneim.  Why,  then,  should  Montenegro  be  an  Ally 
and  t£e  United  States  not  ? 

If  the  point  involved  in  the  objection  to  the  nse  of  the  word 
Ally  as  applied  to  the  United  States  is  merely  a  technicality  or 
a  desire  for  precision  in  the  use  of  diplomatic  terms,  well  and 
good.  But  if  the  authority  of  America  in  deciding  the  great 
issues  of  the  Peace  Conference  is  less  than  or  different  from 
that  of  the  other  members  of  the  Conference  (say  Portajgd  and 
Montenegro),  we  should  all  know  in  what  respect  this  differenw 
consists. 


THE  LADY  EREMITE  HOLDS  FORTH 
CONCERNING  BABIES 

"  I  declare,"  cried  the  Lady  Eremite,  hotly,  "  I  wish  that 
women  weren't  such  sheep !" 

"  Are  you  thinking  of  women  as  citizens,  or  bargain-hunters 
or  society  belles,  or  what?"  asked  the  Happy  Eremite. 

"  I  am  thinking  of  them  as  mothers." 

'*  When  you  have  cooled  off  a  bit,  would  you  mind  explainuig 
in  what  respect  they  are  sheep  ?" 

"  No.  I'll  explain  even  before  I  cool  off.  I  am  thinking  of 
sweet  young  creatures  with  first  babies,  scared  to  death  tliey'll 
hurt  tJie  little  things,  and  following  without  discriminadou 
every  solemn  theory  that  bai^helor  scientists  can  devise,  like  the 
meekest  of  woolly  lambs.  As  the  gi-andmother  says  in  the  poem. 
'  Thank  God  that  babies  are  boi-n  tough  !' " 

They  were  sitting  on  the  bench  that  bordered  the  four  side* 
of  the  children's  playground  luuler  the  great  hickory.  It  was 
one  of  those  days  in  Indian  summer,  fragile  and  tender  ax  a 
gracious  old  lady  who  has  made  time  her  servant,  soft  in  air 
and  color,  sent  by  a  thoughtfiU  Deity  to  mitigate  r^ret  and 
apprehension.  The  Lady  Eremite  had  escaped  from  the  chil- 
dren by  the  ingenious  device  of  putting;  the  younger  of  the 
girls  in  charge  of  the  baby  and  the  elder  in  charge  of  ootfa  ;  and 
her  husband  had  imostentatiously  frustrated  an  attempt  to  vtxa- 
bine  business  with  pleasure  by  hiding  the  sewing-bag.  They  sat 
quietly  hand  in  hand,  luxuriously  foi^etting  this  rotary  exist- 
ence of  reappearing  chores. 

The  Lady  s  outburst  was  unexpected.  The  Happy  Eremit<> 
said  to  himself  that  it  was  characteristic  of  her  that  her  indig- 
nation should  smolder  for  a  space  before  bursting  suddenly 
into  flame. 

"  Ruth  Penhallow  was  here  this  morning." 

"  Is  she  the  guilty  sheep  ?  She  strikes  me  as  being  rather 
nice." 

"She's  clever  enough.  But  she  always  gets  me  hot.  She 
thinks  I'm  a  weak-minded,  indulgent  mother.  As  \vu^  would 
have  it,  she  descended  on  me  to-day  as  I  was  playing  with  thf 
baby,  actually  dancing  him  on  my  knee.  I  .suppose  it  all  lookn) 
to  her  like  a  fit  subject  for  a  mid- V  ictorian  chromo.  She  startni 
right  in." 

"  Started  in  with  what?" 

"  Oh,  lecturing  me." 

The  Happy  Eremite  looked  puzzled.  "  Is  it  against  the  la* 
to  dance  a  baby  on  your  knee  ? ' 

"  Oh,  my,  yes !  Tlie  law  and  the  prophets.  It  is  suppose<l  t<> 
derange  him  inside  in  some  mysterious  fashion  which  babil>^ 
themselves  never  seem  to  be  aware  of.  But  that  isn't  the  main 
reason.  During  the  first  years  of  their  lives,  so  the  theory  mnis 
babies  are  a  variety  of  vegetable  whose  perceptions  and  anotiou* 
must  be  left  as  undisturbed  as  a  turnip's.  Babies  most  no  laapn 
be  taken  up  and  allowed  the  adventurous  thrill  of  explonng 
with  their  eyes  the  four  walls  of  their  room,  because  exploring 
stimulates  their  brain  cells,  which  ought  to  be  lying  dormant. 
Babies  must  no  longer  be  cuddletl,  because  cuddling  stimulatM 
their  emotions,  and  emotions  ought  to  be  Ijring  dormant" 

"  I  see,"  mused  the  Happy  Eremite,  thoughtfully.  **  Thr 
logpc  is  first  rate  if  you  grant  the  premise,  but  die  premi>«' 
strikes  me  as  being  full  of  holes." 

"  Exactly,"  exclaimed  the  Lady  Eremite,  emphativallj- 
"  It  leaves  absolutely  out  of  consideration  the  one  attrrlj 
important  thing  in    any  human  being,  the  thing  you  <■»»  t 


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1918 


THE  OUTLOOK 


579 


wash  vnfch  water  or  weagh  oa  scales — the  spirit,  that  intangible 
eswiiee  which  wffl  detwiuiue  whether  that  litde  body  ^ma  it 
grows  up  will  be  greeted  with  pleasure  wherever  it  appears,  or 
with  indifferenoe  or  detestation  ;  whether  it  will  be  a  prop  in 
the  world  or  a  noisanoe.  To  go  on  the  theory  that  a  baby  may 
for  two  or  three  years  be  treated  as  a  mere  material  organism, 
like  a  calf  from  which,  when  it  reaches  maturity,  you  expect 
nothing  bat  milk  or  the  power  to  pull  a  stone-boat,  strikes 
straight  at  the  heart  of  man  as  a  being  of  mind  and  spirit,  an 
individual  in  a  delicate  social  structure.  Look  at  Margaret  Hol- 
liday's  children  I  She  followed  the  theorists.  She  kept  her  two 
hoys  in  a  darkened  room,  so  their  eyes  and  their  'percep- 
tions '  wouldn't  be  strained.  She  never  went  near  them  except 
oil  business,  and  she  allowed  no  one  else  to  go  near  them. 
During  the  first  years,  she  said,  a  child  must  under  no  circum- 
stances be  stimulated.  Now  look  at  the  poor  things !  They  are 
almost  idiots — and  Margaret  and  her  husband  both  are  unusu- 
ally clever  people. 

"  Look  at  Helen  Trumbull  and  her  daughter.  Helen  was  a 
martyr  to  other  people's  theoricH.  She  was  a  natural-bom 
mother ;  she  ached  to  make  a  conipaiiion  of  her  baby  from  the 
Htart,  and  suffered  because  she  thought  she  had  to  leave  her 
alone.  The  child  is  fifteen  now — unresponsive,  cold,  heartiess  to 
her  mother  and  everybody  else,  and  the  natural  affection  she 
has  inherited  finds  its  only  outlet  in  fussing  over  horses.  I 
remember  perfectly  how  she  used  to  cry  by  the  hour  as  a  baby 
while  Helen  lay  in  the  next  room  agonizing  because  she  felt  she 
had  no  right  to  go  to  her.  That  baby  was  appealing  for  human 
fellowship  in  the  only  way  she  knew  how  to  appeal.  There  was 
no  response.  Of  course  she  stopped  crying  atter  a  while,  and 
everybody  said,  '  Look  !  What  a  triumph  for  discipline  1'  She 
was  less  bother  when  the  ordeal  was  over ;  but  something  in  her 
was  gone.  And  now  it  is  her  mother  who  makes  the  frantic 
appeals  for  sympathy  and  understanding,  and  the  child  who 
does  not  respond. 

**  Men  of  science  have  done  mothers  the  most  wonderful  sort 
of  life-saving  service  in  giving  them  simple  and  reasonable  direc- 
tions for  taking  care  of  die  physical  welfare  of  their  children. 
But  the  ph^ioil  wel&re  is  only  half  a  mother's  responsibility. 
There  is  an  in&nt  body,  but  there  is  also  an  infant  spirit  to  help 
toward  strength  and  wnoleMHne  growtii.  The  learned  men  have 
a  tendency,  however,  to  regard  the  spirit  as  merely  a  sort  of 
improved  annex  of  the  body,  responsive  to  the  same  methods." 
'*  The  thing  has  its  tragic  aspects,"  mused  the  Happy  Eremite. 
'^  Tragic  ?  1  should  say  so  I '  exclaimed  his  Lady.  *'  Here  is 
Ruth  Penhallow.  When  her  baby  was  ten  weeks  old,  he  was 
responsive,  just  purring  like  a  kitten  when  I  took  him  up  onoe  on 
the  sly.  That's  four  months  a^.  Now  he's  already  standoffish, 
and  Ruth  boasted  tcwlay  of  his  indeiiendenoe  and  inaccessibility. 


^  Ruth  was  a  normal  human  being  when  she  married,  and 
wanted  to  be  a  normal  motiier.  Bnt  along  came  the  theorists, 
and  she  was  a  sheep  and  followed  tiw-  ftock,  as  they  aU  do  in 
the  so-called  educated  class  to  which,  I  suppose,  by  a  stretch  of 
language,  Ruth  and  the  rest  of  us  belong.  It  was  hard  for  her 
to  be  a  sheep.  It  is  for  most  mothers.  It  is  easy  only  for  the 
fathers  who  sternly  insist  on  '  modem  methods '  because  it 
happens  that '  modem  methods '  reduce  to  a  minimum  the 
interference  of  babies  with  the  paternal  routine.  Meanwhile  the 
body  flourishes  but  the  spirit  is  stunted. 

"You  know  that  I  believe  in  discipline,  and  that  I  don't 
believe  in  making  sentimental  emotionalists  of  children.  I  detest 
mush  as  much  as  any  of  those  so-called  modem  mothers  do. 
Our  children  have  awful  faults,  Heaven  knows,  but  they  are  not 
mushy.  On  the  other  hand,  they  are  keenly  responsive  and 
affectionate,  and  responsiveness  and  warmth  of  heart  are,  next 
to  decency  and  respect  for  truth,  the  essentials  of  a  social  being. 
They  are  the  enemies  of  snobbery  and  sectionalism  and  class  prej- 
udice and  self-isolation  of  every  sort.  They  are  the  qualities  that 
underlie  all  progress  toward  democracy  and  lasting  peace.  And 
they  are  the  qualities  which  mothers  who  consider  themselves 
'  modem '  and  '  up-to-date '  and  '  conscientious ' — God  help 
them ! — are  doing  all  they  can,  systematically,  to  crush  out." 

"  The  trouble  is,  of  course,"  remarked  the  Happy  Eremite, 
"  that  the  learned  men  who  evolve  all  the  logical  theories  which 
the  mothers  think  they  must  dutifully  follow  to  the  last  semi- 
colon are  not  interested  primarily  in  the  one  thing  which  you 
and  I  think  is  worth  bothering  seriously  about — the  human 
spirit.  Their  minds  are  interested  in  flesh  and  bone  and  tissue ; 
ours,  in  thoughts,  impulses,  reactions,  intuitions,  emotions.  What 
they  want  is  a  sound  body  and  a  soimd  brain,  which  are  good 
things  to  want.  But  we  say.  Stimulate  the  child's  spirit,  give 
him  a  chance  to  become  a  natural  and  wholesome  human  bemg, 
and  with  reasonable  care  and  common  sense  the  bialy  and  bram 
will'be  his,  as  a  matter  of  course."  ' 

A  waO  from  the  house  brought  the  Ladv  Eremite  to  her  feet. 
"  There's  one  littie  human  bemg  now,"  she  said.  "  Life  would 
be  wonderfully  simplified  if  I  could  feel  that  I  could  in  good 
conscience  let  him  yell  his  head  off.  If  I  were  a  modem  mother 
—one  of  the  real,  conscientious,  scientific  sheep — I  should  tell 
mysdf  that  he  was  yelling  beoanse  of  temper,  iidierited  possibly 
from  his  father,  and  go  on  philosophizing  with  you.  But  I  hap- 
pen to  know  that  he's  yeUing  because  he  has  a  httie  pain  which 
wiU  be  relieved  when  I  take  him  up  in  my  arms  for  a  minute 
and  lay  him  down  again  on  his  other  side." 

She  was  already  half-way  to  the  house. 

"  He'll  thank  you  when  he  grows  up,"  the  H»ppy  Eremite 
called  to  her. 

"  Oh,  no,  he  won't !"  she  cried.  "  But  his  wife  will." 


THE  NEXT  GOVERNOR   OF  MASSACHUSETTS 


SPEAKING  in  the  language  of  (tolitical  history  and  tradi- 
tion, Massachusetts  is  one  of  the  most  aristocratic  of  t^e 
forty-eight  States  that  compose  the  Union.  Daniel  Web- 
iter,  Charles  Sumner,  Henry  Cabot  Lodge,  and,  above  all,  the 
Adams  family,  are,  to  the  princix)ality  of  which  Boston  is  the 
Athens  and  Harvard  University  the  Acropolis,  what  Washing- 
ton and  Madison  and  Monroe  and  Jefferson  are  to  Virginia. 
All  good  New  Englanders  think  of  Massachusetts  statesmen  in 
terms  of  the  Adams  family.  They  were  notable  men,  these 
Aflaiuses  who  once  lived  among  us — Samuel  and  John,  John 
Juiney,  Charles  Francis,  and  Ileiuy,  who  died  the  other  day. 
Iney  were  able  men,  but  they  all  carried  with  them  a  certain 
iroma  of  aristocracy.  You  feel  in  the  presence  of  their  names 
he  water  side  of  Beacon  Street,  old  Salem,  old  Qumcy. 

Massachusetts,  however,  has  just  chosen  as  her  chief  execu- 
ive  a  new  and  perhapsmot  less  desirable  type  of  man. 

Oovemor-eleot  Calvin  Coolidge  is  long  and  thin.  His  red 
ia.ir  is  slightiy  tinged  with  gray.  He  has  blue  eyes  and  a  gen- 
rmlly  immobile  face.  The  Boston  '"  Post "  says  of  him :  "  He 
•  not  a  ready  hand-shaker.  ...  He  is  not  a  merry  fellow,  hail 
nd  well  met.  .  .  .  He  is  eveiything  that  the  regular  garden 
ariety,  one  hundred  per  cent  napdmdle  politician  is  not." 


Mr.  Coolidge  comes  of  New  England  farmer  stock.  He  is  a 
man  of  Spartan  simplicity.  As  has  been  said,  his  home  is  still 
that  of  the  struggling  Northampton  lawyer.  He  is  an  Amherst 
man  and  a  favorite  son  of  that  College.  In  hi^  senior  year,  in 
competition  with  imdergraduates  from  all  American  colleges,  he 
won  a  gold  medal  offered  by  the  Sons  of  the  American  Revolu- 
tion for  the  best  essay  on  the  principles  of  the  war  for  American 
indei)endence.    He  graduated  in  1895  with  high  honors. 

Now,  whatever  may  be  alleged  as  to  Mr.  Coolidge 's  "  finish  " 
of  manner,  one  thing  is  certain — he  never  does  anything  foolish. 
True,  he  has  none  of  the  graces  of  oratonr.  He  is  no  such  felici- 
tous speaker  as  was  Governor  Long,  for  instance.  He  is  no  spell- 
binder like  Senator-elect  Walsh.  But,  his  admirers  claim,  he 
has  greater  depth  and  steadiness  than  many  more  famous  states- 
men of  the  oratorical  type.  Furthermore,  his  speeches  show  a 
refreshing  detachment  from  the  personal  element.  In  the  recent 
primary  and  electoral  campaigns  his  references  to  other  candi- 
dates were  few  in  comparison  with  the  continual  emphasis  he  laid 
on  the  troubles  which  have  crept  into  legislation  and  administra- 
tion in  Massachusetts  and  on  suggestions  for  a  remedy.  Thus 
he  fastened  to  him  the  best  people  in  all  sections  of  the  State. 

It  is  as  a  vrriter  and  administrator  that  Mr.  Coolidge  show!> 

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THE   OUTLOOK 


11  December 


Ilia  characteristics  of  clarity,  courage,  and  force.  He  has  risen 
by  gradual  process  through  public  service  to  the  highest  level 
of  respect  and  confidence.  In  1899  he  was  elected  to  the  City 
Council  ol  NorthamptonT  Hfe  was  later  chosen  City  Solicitor, 
and  then  Mayor.  He  has  been  a  meinber  of  the  Massachusetts 
L^islature,  serving  in  both  houses,  during  the  last  two  years 
of  that  service  being  President  of  the  Sena,te.  For  three  terins 
he  has  been  Lieutenant-Governor  of  the  State,  elected  by  steadily 
increasing  pluralities.  He  has  thus  fitted  himself  for  the  duties 
of  a  Governor  by  specific  proved  capacity. 

The  department  heads  of  the  State  administration  are  glad 
of  Mr.  Coolidge's  election  because  he  already  understands  and 
takes  personal  interest  in  the  actual  purposes,  processes,  and 
standards  of  their  departments.  Among  these  departments  Mr. 
Coolidge  is  an  expert  in  those  which  have  to  dp  with  the  care 
of  the  unfortunate.  He  wants  to  prevent  disease,  degeneracy, 
and  ignorance,  and  to  increase  educational  opportimity  of  every 
appropriate  sort. 

Mr.  Coolidge's  election  is  a  tribute  to  his  honesty  and  courage. 
He  has  not  only  shown  these  qualities  as  a  radical  in  making 
his  membership  in  the  Legrislature  count  towards  social  better- 
ment for  the  State,  but  he  has  also  tried  to  hold  Massachusetts 
from  going  too  fast ;  as  he  put  it,  *'  Legislation  was  outstripping 
the  ability  to  administer."  Of  course  men  began  to  dub  him 
a  conservative.  And  doubtless  he  is  one  in  the  best  sense  of 
that  term — a  progressive  who  believes  in  conserving  the  best 
achievements  of  the  experience  and  wisdom  of  the  fathers. 

After  every  kind  of  effort  had  been  made  to  settle  the  strike 
at  the  city  of  Lawrence  (1912),  a  committee  of  the  Legis- 
lature was  appointed  to  make  the  attempt.  Mr.  Coolidge  was 
chairman  of  that  committee.  The  negotiations  were  left  ^rgely 
to  him.  He  settled  the  strike.  Hence  the  president  of  one  of 
the  large  railways  said  the  other  day :  "  If  ishould  have  a  dis- 
pute with  my  men  and  the  men  were  willing  to  leave  the  ques- 
tion to  Coohdge  as  sole  arbiter,  I  would  he  willing  that  the 
men  shoidd  ai^^e  their  case  with  Coolidge  as  much  as  they 
chose  and  I  womd  leave  my  case  without  ailment." 

So  much  for  capital.  How  does  labor  feel  about  it?  During 
the  recent  campaign  a  trainman  on  one  of  the  branch  roads  ra 
this  same  president  said :  "  There  is  nothing  I  have  that  Coo- 
lidge cannot  have  if  he  wants  it.  For  some  five  years  it  has  been 


my  duty  to  go  to  the  Legislature  on,  matters  connected  with  the 
Brotherhood,  and  I  want  to  tell  you  that  duriug  that  time  theie 
has  been  no  man  on  B^^n  Hill  [where  the  MaasaehnBOttt 
Legislature  sits]  so  fair  as  Coolidge,  while  the  whole  boadi  of 
them  together  have  not  the  courage  that  Coolidge  has."  He 
added :  "  You  know  that  in  our  Brotherhood  there  an  jHtoe 
hotheads.  Nobody  can  tell  what  they  would  do,  but  I  i 
that  if  the  Brotherhood  had  a  dispute  with  the  railway  i 
railway  was  willing  to  leave  the  question  to  Coolidge  i 


arbiter,  the  great  majority  of  our  men  would  be  willing  ^^Mff* 
the  question  to  Coolidge,  and  let  the  railway  state  their  MBMp 
any  way  they  chose  without  stating  our  own,  confident  diCb 
would  be  fair ;  and  up  to  the  point  that  he  thought  our  deaMwfe 
were  just  he  would  put  up  a  good  fight  to  get  what  he  wmted, 
and  would  have  rare  ability  in  persuading  the  other  side  tluft 
we  were  right.  And  mind  you,  he  said,  '^  that  does  not  mean 
that  we  think  he  would  give  us  anjrthing  we  asked  for,  but  n\> 
to  the  point  that  he  thought  our  claim  was  just  he  would  fight 
forit.'*^ 

In  the  recent  campaign  Mr.  Coolidge  has  been  guided  by  a 
like  principle.  He  has  said :  "  Politics  does  not  differ  speciall; 
from  anything  else.  In  politics  nothing  is  worth  having  unless 
you  can  have  it  in  the  right  way." 

Natioilally  it  is  interesting  to  learn  that,  in  Mr.  Coolidge's 
opinion,  one  of  the  probable  immediate  post-war  changes  will 
be  universal  military  training.  For  a  long  time,  he  affirms,  as  tv- 
ported  by  the  Boston  "  Record,"  the  Nation  has  not  been  doing 
its  duty  m  this  regard.  He  does  not  think  universal  militu; 
training  will  be  fundamentally  for  self-protection,  but  that  it 
will  be  more  of  an  educational  matter.  As  he  says :  "  We  will 
give  health  to  the  many.  We  will  rub  off  provincialism.  We 
will  develop  citizenship." 

Among  her  politicians  Massachusetts  has  dever  orators,  eager 
reformers,  shrewd  managers.  But  she  has  none  who  is  mote 
direct,  simple,  single-minded,  persistent,  faithful,  and  experi- 
enced in  protecting  the  common  interests  of  all  the  citiaeDs 
than  Governor  Coolidge.  No  one  will  have  to  say  of  him  as 
some  wit  said  after  the  election  of  General  Butler  in  the  eari; 
'80*8,  which  unutterably  shocked  staid  New  Englandera :  "Ben- 
jamin Butler  is  elected  Governor.  God  save  the  Gonim<mwei}di 
of  Massachusetts  I" 


MORE  KINDERGARTENS  A  NECESSITY 


r[ERE  has  been  ample  proof  during  the  past  few  years 
that  the  educational  system  of  the  country  has  failed  to 
bring  to  our  alien  population  a  realization  of  the  prin- 
ciples and  ideals  for  which  this  country  stands.  The  general 
public  does  not  yet  appreciate  how  great  a  part  the  kindergarten 
might  play  in  tms  essential  work  of  Americanization. 


through  her  efforts  the  number  of  classes  in  Califonua  liw 

more  than  trebled.    Last  year  Texas  and  Maine  passed  niaflif  J 

laws.  " 

During  the  coming  winter  the  Legislatures  will  meet  in  nMit* 

than  forty  States,  and  strong  efforts  are  being  made  in ' 

of  them  to  arouse  local  sentiment  on  behalf  of  l^islatioa 


Through  the  lack  of  sufficient  schools  of  the  kindergarten     able  to  a  more  widespread  adoption  of  this  training. 


type,  the  education  of  children  of  the  impressionable  age  l>etween 
four  and  six  has  been  most  woefully  neglected.  They  should  then 
be  receiving  the  systematic  training  for  future  citizenship  which 
good  kindergartens  furnish  through  the  cultivation  of  industry, 
mt^rity,  loyalty,  patriotism,  and  the  social  virtues  so  necessary 
for  ideal  community  life. 

It  may  interest  our  readers  to  know  that  there  are  in  this 


Too  great  emphasis  cannot  be  laid  on  the  value  of  the  1 
garten  as  an  Americanizing  agency,  although  it  is  being  i 
generally  recognized  and  appreciated,  and  steps  have  been  t 
to  bring  to  the  attention  of  school  authorities  the  impiHtaiice< 
providing  classes  for  all  children  of  alien  parentage.  The  kinder- 
gartner  is  welcomed  by  the  shy  foreign-bom  women  who  canoMII  i 
be  reached  by  any  other  social  worker.    For  many  of  them  tfa  | 


country  3,800,000  children  of  kindergarten  age  for  whom  classes     kindergarten  mothers'  meetings  are'  their  first  experienoe 


have  not  yet  been  established,  thou|^  the  value  of  this  phase  of 
education  has  long  been  admitted.  It  is  important  that  we  take 
advantage  of  the  possibilities  of  these  early  years,  and  provide 
suitable  educational  facilities  for  the  younger  children  in  accord- 
ance with  the  State  laws. 

Since  1913  the  National  Kindergarten  Association  of  New 
York  has  been  co-operating  with  the  United  States  Bureau  of 
£>lucation  in  workmg  for  kindergarten  extension.  Through 
their  imited  efforts  an  active  interest  in  the  subject  has  been 
aroused  among  the  large  women's  organizations,  and  as  a  resiUt 
better  laws  have  been  enacted  in  several  States.  California  was 
the  first  to  pass  a  bill  providing  for  the  establishment  of  kin- 
dergartens on  petition  of  parents.  The  National  Kindergarten 
Association  has   a  field  secretary  in  that  State,  and  largely 


social  fife  in  the  country  of  their  adoption.    Here  they  spend  I 
happy  hour  with  other  mothers  of  different  nationaUtiea,  t 
their  first  steps  in  Americanization  are  taken.  In  this  wi 
are  helped  to  gain  an  understanding  of  the  new  country  t 
adoption  and  of  its  customs  and  institutions,  which  ki 
requisite  to  citizenship. 

The  recent  bomb  explosions  in  one  of  our  Jargest 
phasize  the  necessity  for  taking  immediate  steps  to  i 
Americans  of  all  the  aliens  in  this  country  who  have  , 
become  assimilated.  This  can  be  accomplished,  he 
by  leading  them  to  see  that  an  interest  is  being  taken  : 
that  their  welfare  is  being  considered,  and  that  they  ai 
ily  welcomed  as  brother  members  of  this  groit  Repul£&^ 

Stories  come  to  us  at  times  of  the  work  d«xie  by  indir 

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THE  OUTLOOK 


581 


'  WS  ABB  SOU>lSB8  MARCHINO 


isociations,  and  we  hear  of  the  crying  need  for  the  establish- 
lent  of  more  of  these  schools  in  ^e  foreign  sections  of  our 
reat  cities.  The  benefit  of  these  hindemirtens  is  not  by  any 
leans  confined  to  the  education  of  the  children,  but  it  extends 
ito  the  homes,  and  the  influence  exerted  there  cannot  be  meas- 
red.  In  one  of  the  most  crowded  districts  of  New  York  City 
le  kindergarten  association  which  had  charge  of  the  work 
lere  detnded  to  try  the  experiment  of  interesting  the  older 
liklren  in  a  war  garden.  The  boys  who  were  ola  enough  to 
ndertake  this  work  were  those  belonging  to  the  street  gangs 
hich  infest  such  neighborhoods.  The  friends  of  the  women  who 
■opo6ed  the  war  garden  plan  tried  to  dissuade  them  from 
it^rtaking  wh4t  the  objectors  said  was  an  impossibility.  But 
lese  women  persisted,  and  the  results  obtained  were  well  worth 


all  the  effort  expended.  The  boys  were  eager  to  make  the  gar- 
den a  success,  and  a  success  it  was.  This  experiment  not  only 
provided  occupation  for  tlie  lx)y8  during  the  hot  summer  months, 
when,  if  they  had  been  left  to  their  own  devices,  they  would 
have  been  an  annoyance  and  terror  to  their  community,  but  it 
will  doubtless  prove  of  lasting  value  to  them. 

In  communities  where  there  are  not  sufficient  kindergartens 
effort  should  be  made  for  their  establisliment.  In  order  to 
promote  this  work,  the  United  States  Bureau  of  Education 
at  Washinsfton  and  the  National  Kindergarten  Association 
have  issued  leaflets  and  bulletins  on  the  subject.  They  will 
supply  these  upon  request,  also  blank  ■petitions,  material  for 
the  press,  motion  pictures,  lantern  slides,  and  copies  of  effective 
kindeigarteu  laws. 


We  are  indebted  for  the  information  contained  in  this  article  to  Miss  Bessie  Locke,  Qhiefofthe  Kindergarten  Division  of 

the  United  States  Bureau  of  Education.  Any  of  our  readers  irho  are  interested  in  this  nwveinent  can  obtain 

further  informatum  about  it  by  addressing  Miss  Locke  at  8  West  Fortieth  Street,  New  York  City 


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KNOLL  PAPERS 

BY   LYMAN  ABBOTT 
WHAT    IS    THE    PROMISE    OF    HIS    COMING?' 


In  The  Outlook  for  October  2  you  sng^geet  8ever»l  sabiects 
for  sermons.  I  wish  yon  would  give  us  one  on  "  the  sig^s  of  the 
times."  There  has  been  so  much  said  by  different  people  of  dif- 
ferent sects  about  the  second  coining  of  Christ  or  the  end  of 
this  age  being  close  at  hand  that  I  would  like  to  hear  from  one 
whose  opinions  I  could  respect,  and  I  believe  there  are  many 
others  wno  would  like  to  hear  from  you  in  ^ese  anxious,  tronblecf 
timra.  J.  W.  A. 

THERE  has  probably  been  no  time  since  the  death  and 
resurrection  of  Jesus  of  Nazareth,  about  the  year  a.d.  33, 
that  his  disciples  have  not  anticipated  his  reappearance 
on  the  earth  and  thought  that  the  events  then  taking  place 
heralded  his  coming.  To  tell  the  history  of  these  disappointed 
expectations  \irould  require  a  book.  To  tell  the  various  inter- 
pretations of  the  Bible,  especially  of  the  enigmatical  utterances 
in  the  books  of  Daniel  and  Revelation,  would  require  another 
book.  In  answering  your  question  I  shtill  confine  myself  to  what 
Jesus  himself  has  said  on  this  subject,  partly,  for  the  sake  of 
brevity,  partly  because  I  have  carefully  studied  his  utterances, 
and  partly  because  they  seem  to  me  both  clear  and  authorita- 
tive— much  more  so  than  the  utterances  in  what  are  known  as 
the  apocalyptic  books.  His  principal  utterances  on  this  subject 
are  to  be  found  in  the  thirteenth  and  the  twenty-fourth  cbap- 
ten  of  Matthew,  with  which  the  student  who  possesses  a  refer- 
ence Bible  may  easily  coihpare  references  in  the  other  Gospels. 

The  thirteenth  chapter  of  Matthew  contains  a  series  of  para- 
bles, all  of.  which  deal  with  the  kingdom  of  heaven,  illustrat- 
ing the  processes  by  which  it  is  to  be  brought  about  in  the 
world,  and  incidentallv  indicating  the  «dimax  of  those  processes 
in  its  complete  establidilnent.  Grouping  together  these  para- 
bles, we  majf  sommarize  their  teaching  briefly  as  follows : 

The  kingdom  of  heaven  is  coming  upon  the  earth.  It  will 
not  come  suddenly;  it  will  be  a  gradual  growth,  like  a. seed 
growing  secretly  out  of  the  ground ;  the  forces  which  produce  it 
are  now  in  the  world,  and  we  kingdom  of  God  vnll  grow  from 
those  forces  as  the  fniit  grows  out  of  the  earth  which  "  bringeth 
forth  fruit  of  herself ;"  its  growth  will  defend  upon  the  way  in 
which  it  is  received  by  mankind — some  will  not  understand  it, 
some  wUl  only  seem  to  do  so,  and  some  will  receive  it  with  hon- 
est and  good  hearts  and  will  keep  it  and  bring  forth  the  fruits 
of  it  in  uieir  lives ;  evil  will  grow  up  with  the  good,  and  in  such 
intimate  associatitm  that  separation  between  them  will  be  for 
the  time  impracticable — ^men  will  grow  better  and  men  will  grow 
worse,  and  uey  wUl  live  side  by  side  in  the  same  conununitv, 
the  same  business,  the  same  homes ;  the  result  will  be-inevitable 
conflict,  struggle,  agitation — the  kingdom  will  be  like  leaven 
hidden  in  three  measures  of  meal — and  in  this  strugp^le  self- 
sacrifice  will  be  called  for ;  no  man  will  be  worthy  of  this  king- 
dom who  is  not  willing  to  give  all  that  he  possesses  to  enter  into 
it  and  make  it  his  own  ;  it  will  be  like  a  treasure  hidden  in  a 
field,  or  like  a  pearl  of  great  price  for  which  a  man  may  have  to 
sell  all  that  he  has  if  he  would  acquire  it ;  but  there  will  come 
at  length  a  time  of  harvest,  when  out  of  this  growing,  struggling, 
'  costly,  unrecc^nized  kingdom  of  heaven  all  things  that  offend 
and  they  which  do  iniqmty  will  be  gathered,  and  the  kingdom 
of  God  shall  come  on  earth  and  his  will  shall  be  done  on  earth 
as  it  is  in  heaven. 

>  1  have  reoeiTed  a  number  of  letters  asking  if  I  am  the  author  of  an  article 
entitled  "  Prophecies  Misunderstood,"  published  over  my  name  in  Volume  XI  of 
the  "  Watchword,"  of  Boston  (July,  1889).  Habitually  I  for^t  what  I  have  writ- 
tea  or  spoken  as  soon  as  the  article  or  address  is  completed,  and  torn  my  thoughts 
to  the  next  duty  to  be  done.  Therefore  I  rarely  can  tell  whether  any  supposed 
copy  or  report  <nan^  article  or  speech  is  accurate  if  it  is  presented  to  me  a  few 
months  after  the  oh^wbI  delivery,  and  nerer  can  tell  if  it  is  presented  to  me  some 
years  after.  The  artude  to  which  my  attention  has  been  called  I  certainly  did  not 
write  for  the  "Watohwoid."  The  editor,  however,  assures  me  that  he  took  it 
from  a  previons  pablicstioii,  and  wrote  to  me  and  obtained  from  me  permiasioii  to 
reprint  it  in  the  Watohwora."  In  put  it  represents  and  in  part  it  does  not  repre- 
sent my  presentoiniiioiis.  Whatever  I  may  have  thought  and  said  then,  thisartiole 
represents  my  present  conviotionson  the  subject.  The  curious  student  will  find  in 
lu^  "  Cconmentery  on  Matthew,"  published  in  1875,  a  fuller  interpretation  of  the 
thirteenth  and  twenty-fourth  diapters  of  Matthew,  and  on  the  textual  interpreta- 
tions there  given  this  article  is  lareely  based,  though  in  some  details  1  soould 
nivbably  be  less  positive  now  than  I  was  then. 
r>82 


The  other  address  of  Jesus  was  given  in  a  private  confereotv 
to  the  twelve  disciples  a  few  days  before  their  Master's  deatL 
He  had  been  all  day  teaching  in  the  Temple,  had  denounced 
the  religious  leaders  of  the  Jews  in  terrible  invective,  and  hul 
told  them  in  parables  the  significance  of  which  even  the 
Pharisees  comprehended  that  u^  destruction  of  their  capital 
and  their  nation  was  not  far  off.  With  an  ingenuity  which  «a> 
characteristic  of  him,  he  elicited  from  the  people  themadm 
this  conclusion :  "  They  say  unto  him.  He  will  miserably  destroy 
those  wicked  men,  and  will  let  out  his  vineyard  unto  other  hat- 
bandmen,  which  shall  render  him  the  fruits  in  their  seasons.' 
At  the  end  of  the  day  some  of  his  followers  pointed  out  to  him 
the  buildings  of  the  Temple,  the  destruction  of  which  he  lad 
foreshadowed,  and  he  then  declared  to  them  in  plain  tenns. 
"  Verily  I  say  unto  you.  There  shall  not  be  left  here  one  stont- 
upon  another,  that  shall  not  be  thrown  down." 

After  the  throng  was  dispersed  four  of  his  special  frienils- 
Peter,  James,  John,  and  Andrew — came  to  him  for  further  «x- 

Elanation  with  the  question,  "  Tell  us,  when  shall  these  things 
e?  and  what  shall  De  the  sign  of  thy  coming,  and  of  the  end 
of  the  world  ?"  They  could  no  more  conceive  that  religion  woaM 
continue  after  the  Temple  was  destroyed  than  a  devout  Bomaii 
Catholic  DOW  could  conceive  that  relinon  would  continue  if  the 
Papacy  were  destroyed,  or  a  devout  Protestant  could  beliere 
that  religion  could  continue  if  the  Bible  were  destroyed.  Bot 
Jesus  in  his  reply  treated  their  questions,  not  as  one,  but  u 
three,  in  a  response  which  as  reported  by  Matthew  may  br 
summarized  as  follows : 

Do  not  imagine  that  the  kingdom  of  God  will  immediately 
appear.  There  must  first  be  a  long  period  of  tribulation,  thr 
travail  out  of  which  the  kingdom  shall  be  bom.  Whoi,  then- 
fore,  you  see  the  approaching  destruction  of  Jerusalem,  do  not 
imagine  that  the  end  has  oome ;  flee,  for  terrible  will  be  tbe 
suffering  of  that  time.  But  that  is  not  the  end.  Wherever  thm 
is  corruption  there  will  the  executioners  of  God's  judgmat 
appear ;  and  not  until  after  this  period  of  travail  and  worid 
ment  will  be  the  coming  of  die  S(»i  of  man.  Jerusalem  will 
lestroyed,  but  the  Jewish  race  will  abide,*  a  living  testimooj 
to  the  truth  of  my  words.  How  long  the  world  must  wait,  wha 
the  end  will  come,  no  one  knows  or  can  know  ;  the  angds  b 
heaven  do  not  know ;  I  do  not  know.  But  when  it  oomes  there 
will  be  no  room  for  doubt,  for  it  will  oome  "as  the  lightniac 
cometh  out  of  the  east  and  shineth  even  tmto  the  west" 

I  can  find  in  these  teachings  of  Jesus  nothing  to  warrant  tbe 
notion  that  the  world  is  growing  worse,  that  the  sospd  of  God's 
love  as  a  remedy  for  world  evils  is  a  failure,  and  uat  Christ  e 
coming  in  person  as  a  king  enthroned  at  Jerusalnn  to  hntf 
about  that  kingdom  of  righteousness,  peace,  and  univeiad  joy 
which  he  has  failed  to  bring  about  as  the  great  Teacher  of  trstii 
and  the  great  Sacrifice  for  sin.  For  the  Chrlstiao  cMiceptk* 
of  a  kingdom  growing  gradually  by  the  power  of  spiritual  foit.'d 
working  within  man  and  inspiring  human  virtue  and  homai. 
endeavor,  this  notion  of  a  Second  Coming  substitutes  tbe  afc> 
Jewish  conception  of  a  political  kingdom  established  by  imBVo 
tible  power  over  mankind,  despite  their  resistance.  Bat  I  «!•• 
find  in  these  teachings  of  Jesus  an  inspiration  to  look  fonnu« 
to  a  final  victory  for  truth  and  goodness,  a  victory  wroog-t! 
through  human  suffering  and  sacrifice,  and  I  do  find  m  it  tbr 
very  explicit  instruction  how  the  Master  would  have  us  mu-'u 
for  that  day  of  victory :  "  Who  then  is  a  faithful  and  «i^ 
servant,  whom  his  lord  hath  made  ruler  over  his  househt^  t»» 
give  them  meat  in  due  season  ?  Blessed  is  that  servant,  wbo" 
his  loi-d  when  he  cometh  shall  find  so  doing." 

In  my  judgment,  those  who  are  studying  the  books  of  Du>^ 
and  of  Kevehition  to  find  something  which  will  enaUe  then  t* 
interpret  the  "  signs  of  the  times  "  that  they  may  be  ready  f*" 

>"This  ganeration  shall  not  pass,  till  aBl  these  tbinc^  be  fnlfiDsd."^ 
the  evidence  that  the  Oreek  wora  here  rendered  "  generattoa  "  prapcriy  <^^ 
race  or  family  of  people  see  Dean  Alford's  Or«ek  Testament  on  thu 

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the  end  are  on  a  blind  trail ;  and  those  who  are  fighting  witii 
patienee  and  heroism  the  age-long  battle  to  make  this  world  a 
better  and  a  happier  world  to  live  in  are  pursuii^  tibe  eoarae 


which  the  Master  directed  his  disoi^es  to  jparaoe  that  they 
might  hasten  the  day  when  God's  kingdom  will  oorae  and  God's 
wifl  be  done  on  earth  as  it  is  in  heaven. 


WHAT  IS   A  NATION? 

CAN  THE  BALKAN  PEOPLES  UNITE  ON  ANYTHING  BUT  A  RACIAL  BASIS? 

BY   RICHARD   BOARDMAN 


I  HAVE  recently  retnmed  from  Salonika,  where  I  lay  for 
four  weeks  in  a  British  military  hospital.  I  was  visited 
there  by  my  French  colleagne,  an  elderly  commandant  (who 
spoke  to  me  m  colloquial  French,  of  which  I  understood  but 
little,  and  I  replied  in  French  of  a  different  sort,  of  which  he 
understood  less) ;  by  a  Russian  captain  connected  with  the  Ser- 
bian army ;  by  a  Greek  colonel ;  and  lastly,  by  the  elderly  woman 
in  whose  house  I  had  had  my  room,  who  was  by  race  a  Jew,  by 
religion  a  Moslem,  and  by  language  a  Turk.  As  far  as  I  can 
discover,  there  is  no  strain  of  my  own  blood  that  does  not 
stretch  through  several  generations  of  New  England  stock 
back  into  old  England.  By  every  instinct  of  my  nature  I  am 
American  and  nothing  but  American.  Neither,  therefore,  by 
consanguinity  nor  by  national  consciousness  could  I  claim  any 
affinity  to  these,  iuy  guests.  Yet  I  felt,  and  I  believe  they  felt, 
a  bond  of  sympathy  between  us — that  touch  of  nature  that 
makes  the  whole  world  kin. 

I  have  seen  street  urchins  in  France,  Italy,  and  Greece  illus- 
trate for  my  benefit  the  different  military  salutes  of  the  differ- 
ent armies  of  the  Allies.  I  have  talked  with  lawyers  of  England, 
France,  Italy,  and  Greece,  and  felt  the  bond  of  a  common  pro- 
fession. The  housekeepers  of  Salonika  are  suffering  from  the 
same  burdens  as  the  housekeepers  of  America.  The  Greek 
i-olonel  overbid  his  hand  at  bridge  with  the  same  recklessness 
as  his  prototype  in  the  American  Army.  Of  course  street 
urchins  are  much  alike  the  world  over.  So  too  ara  lawyers, 
housekeepers,  and  bridge-players.  But  so  also  are  doctors,  sur- 
geons, pnests,  traders,  and  farmers.  In  fact,  men  are  men,  and 
outside  of  political  circles  most  men  wish  to  be  left  free  to  live 
in  peace  with  their  neighbors  at  home  and  abroad,  r^ardless 
of  consideration  of  race  or  national  consciousness. 

To  the  proposition  that  men  of  widely  different  nationalities 
cannot  live  together  under  a  common  government  every  page 
in  American  history  gives  the  lie.  In  1860-4  we  said  that 
some  six  millions  of  people  of  a  common  race,  having  ",ar  com- 
munity of  ideas,  of  mterests,  of  inclinations,  of  memories  and 
hopes,"  should  not  constitute  a  new  and  separate  country. 
This  mandate  we  enforced  by  the  employment  of  military  force, 
and  history  has  justified  both  the  decision  and  the  method  of  its 
enforcement. 

It  is  doubtful  if  a  pure  race  ever  could  become,  or  at  least 
long  remain,  a  first-mss  Power,  whether  within  or  without  a 
League  of  Nations.  It  was  upon  this  matter  of  purity  of  blood 
that  the  German  nation  went  mad.  The  Serb  is  a  rather  well- 
defined  type.  The  typical  Serb  is  a  tall,  big,  well-proportioned 
peasant,  pleasant  and  happy.  The  typical  Greek  is  a  small, 
wiry  trader,  keen  and  mentally  alert.  The  Serb  is  a  stay-at- 
hume  ;  the  Greek  is  a  wanderer.  The  Serb  needs  the  Greek  and 
the  Greek  needs  the  Serb.  But  tliere  is  an  illustration  nearer 
home  of  the  ne<«fl8ity  of  all  kinds  of  blood  in  order  to  make  a 
well-roundeil  government.  The  great  Prime  Minister  of  Eng- 
land is  a  Welshman  ;  and  all  the  world  knows  something  of  the 
part  that  the  Scotsman  plays  in  English  business,  professional, 
and  political  life.  To-day,  and  for  years  past,  many  of  the  most 
important  governmental  positions  are,  and  have  l)een,  filled  by 
.Jews. 

But  I  can  hear  it  asked  .  "  What,  then,  is  the  principle  upon 
which  the  boundary-lines  between  countries  should  be  drawn  ?" 

Daring  the  eighteen  years  of  the  present  century  the  propo- 
sition that  "  the  nineteenth  century  was  characterized  by  the 
rise  of  the  spirit  of  nationality  "  has  gained  such  popularity 
that  to-diur  it  has  come  to  be  a(*cepte<1  as  a  truism.  Upon  this 
tlteory  editors   have  written   lemling  articles,  authors    have 


chosen  the  tities  to  their  books,  and  statesmen  have  built  pro- 
grammes for  the  reconstruction  of  the  world. 

Perhaps  it  is  presumptuous  even  to  consider  questioning  a 
theory  that  is  so  well  intrenched.  But  these  are  days  when 
theories,  no  matter  how  widely  held,  shoidd  be  carefully  exam- 
ined, especially  if  those  theories  are  about  to  be  expressed  in 
terms  of  international  agreement  or  international  legislation. 

No  doubt  this  idea  of  civil  government  based  on  consan- 
guinity is  as  old  as  human  society.  Certainly  it  is  not  the  fresh 
product  of  nineteenth  or  twentieth  century  thought.  First  the 
family,  then  the  tribe,  then  the  nation,  was  or  may  have  been 
the  order  of  development  of  government  in  the  childhood  of 
civilization.  But  in  modem,  mediaeval,  or  ancient  times  one, 
and  only  one,  first-class  power  has  pretended  to  be  based  on 
nationality  as  that  word  has  been  used  in  cultured  circles  in 
the  twentieth  century.  Germany,  and  Germany  alone,  has  put 
forth  this  claim  for  herself.  AustriarHungary,  Russia,  and  the 
British  Empire  were,  and  frankly  remain,  composed  of  a  het- 
erogeneous mass  of  races  with  widely  differing  'custtnns,  lan- 
guages, and  religions.  The  same  was  true  of  the  empires  of 
Charlemagne  and  of  the  Ctesars  in  their  day.  France,  Italy, 
and  Japan  have  all  dreamed  of  empire,  while  America  and 
Switzerland  have  been  the  two  most  striking  refutations  of  the 
theory.    In   America  civil  government  is  molding  race,  Ian- 

ae,  and,  more  indirectly  but  no  less  truly,  religious  beliefs. 
le  very  heart  of  warring  Europe,  for  centuries  Switzerland 
has  maintained  her  civil  government,  notwithstanding  the  fact 
that  the  differences  of  race,  religion,  and  language  nave  con- 
tinued. 

The  theory  that  government  should  be  built  upon  nationality, 
race,  consanguinity,  is  not  only  well  intrenched  but  it  is  popular, 
for  it  appeals  to  all  that  is  superficial  in  us.  It  reminds  us  of  our 
school  and  college  days.  "  First  the  family,  then  the  tribe,  then 
the  nation,"  is  a  concept  that  can  be  absorbed  by  the  shallowest 
mind  without  effort.  It  appeals  to  the  spirit  of  snobbishness, 
sectionalism,  denominationalism,  and  to  those  disintegrating 
forces  that  make  for  disunion  and  disruption.  If  it  oould  be 
made  an  effective  force  in  AustriarHungary  it  would  tend  to 
the  breaking  up  of  that  Empire  and  the  bringing  of  the  Teu- 
tonic elements  under  the  Prussian  hegemony.  II  it  could  be 
snfficientiy  instilled  into  the  Russians,  their  Empire  must  dis- 
solve. If  it  ooidd  be  taught  in  India,  in  Elgypt,  m  Ireland,  or 
even  in  Australia  or  Canada,  the  British  Empire  would  soon  be 
a  thing  of  the  past.  But  the  most  fruitful  soil  for  the  spread  of 
this  luxuriant  weed  of  thepolitical  and  intellectual  world  is  and 
has  been  the  Balkans.  There  the  Rumanian  learned  that  he 
was  the  true  and  only  legitimate  child  of  the  old  Roman  ;  the 
modem  Greek,  that  he  was  sole  and  rightful  heir  to  the  culture 
of  ancient  Grreeoe.  The  Bulgar,  Serb,  and  Monten^^  discov- 
ered that  their  race  characteristics  were  wholly  irreconcilable 
the  one  with  the  others,  for  the  reason,  forsooth,  that  the  blood, 
the  cidture  (Kultur),  the  traditions,  of  each  were  superior  to 
those  of  the  others.  Wherever  this  principle  can  fhid  practical 
application  it  is  immediately  found  to  be  in  complete  harmony 
with  that  very  practical  maxim  of  the  great  Bismarck,  "Divide 
and  rule." 

Some  twenty-odd  years  ago  (we  all  begin  modem  history  at 
the  date  of  our  graduations  from  college)  there  began  to  come 
out  of  Germany  young  American  students  who  becaine  teachers 
in  our  American  colleges.  With  them  came  new  methods  of 
teaching  and  studying  history.  With  them,  too,  came  "  the 
rise  of  the  spirit  of  nationality  in  the  nineteenth  century." 

It  ap)>eared  iiinooeut  enough.    It  was  a  plausible  theory.    It 

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seemed  to  explain  tantit  that  was  going  on  in  the  troubled  por- 
tions of  the  world.  Newspapers  were  fed  with  it.  It  was  tailked 
np  in  all  sorts  of  circles.  In  faat,  every  means  known  to  the 
greatest  of  propagandists  were  used  for  its  exploitation  the 
world  over.  We  venture  that  if  one  will  take  this  dieory,  wher- 
ever he  finds  it,  and  turn  it  upside  down,  he  can  read  tJbe  well- 
known  inscription,  "  Made  in  Germany." 

I  have  not  lost  sight  of  the  fact  that  while  in  some  circles  the 
term  nationality  is  used  as  signifying  community  of  blood, 
race,  consang^uinity,  in  other  circles  it  has  been  said  to  signify 
"  a  community  of  ideas,  of  interests,  of  inclinations,  of  memo- 
ries and  hopes."  This  has  been  brought  forward  more  or  less 
instinctively  by  non-German  thinkers  to  modify  the  evil  con- 
sequences of  the  logical  application  of  a  theory  they  did  not 
feel  it  necessary  to  refute.  The  matter  is  not  simplified  by  titia 
other  definition.  In  fact,  the  use  of  the  term  in  this  double  sense 
makes  the  confusion  worse  confounded.  Especially  is  this  true 
in  i-elation  to  a  district  where  the  major  part  of  the  i)eople  are 
of  the  race  and  speak  the  language  of  one  country  and  have  the 
national  consciousness  of  another  country,  as  in  the  case  of 
Alsace-Lorraine.  But  this  theory  that  the  boundaries  of  a 
country  roust  be  delimited  by  the  nationality  of  the  people,  or 
of  a  major  part  of  the  people,  has  a  baneful  consequence  wher- 
ever it  is  applied,  and  whether  the  one  or  the  other  definition  of 
the  term  is  used. 

To-day  the  fruitage  of  this  theory  is  obvioua  to  the  seeing 
eye.  In  the  Balkans  three  wars  have  followed  one  another  in 
less  than  a  decade,  the  last  involving  more  than  three-fourths 
of  all  the  people  of  the  world.  AustnarHungary  and  Russia  are 
falling  to  pieces.  Ireland  has  remained  in  a  tui-moil.  India  has 
grown  restive.  And  as  the  world  war  ends  thirty-two  new  can- 
didates present  themselves  for  admission  to  the  proposed  League 
of  Nations. 

It  is,  however,  upon  this  age-old  theory  that  it  is  now  every- 
where proposed  to  redraw  the  map  of  Europe. 

The  trouble  witli  the  theory  under  discussion  is  that  it  is  a 
theory  and  the  product  of  a  priori  reasoning.  There  can  be  no 
hard  and  fast  rule.  There  is  no  rule  of  the  thumb.  But  it  is  safe 
to  say  that  most  men  get  along  better  with  their  neighbors  than 
they  do  with  their  relatives  ;  and  it  is  an  instinct  with  every 
farmer  or  other  landowner  to  wish  to  straighten  out  his  bound- 

SY  lines.  They  should  present  a  pleasing  contour  on  a  map. 
ountains,  lakes,  rivers,  and  oceans,  in  tibe  natural  course  of 
things,  have  established  themselves  as  national  boundaries. 
They  aiFord  a  barrier  of  defense,  and  the  military  consideration 
cannot  even  now  be  entirely  neglected.  There  are  ports  and 
other  disputed  territory  to  which,  with  plausible  argument,  two 
or  more  countries  may  lay  claim.  The  only  way  such  claims  are 
finally  settled  is  by  making  it  a  matter  of  no  practical  concern 
to  which  this  disputable  land  shall  belong.  When  our  own 
Constitution  was  adopted,  the  bitter  disputes  pending  among 


the  States  as  to  the  ownership  of  the  then  Northwest  cea««(i 

To^lay  the  United  States  of  America  enjoys  an  onprece- 
dented  popularity  among  the  little  nations  of  the  world.  Tbf 
enthusiasm  for  America  and  things  American  amounts  alinou 
to  a  passion.  Should  we  not  seek  to  capitalize  this  entJiusiaau 
for  the  promotion  of  &e  cause  of  peace  in  the  world  ?  We  bare 
a  Constitution,  crude  and  inflexible  as  it  may  be — iax  from  ideal 
in  many  ways  no  doubt,  but  nevertheless  a  constitataon  tiiat 
has  held  together  peoples  differing  m  race,  in  language,  in  relig- 
ion and  laws.  WMIe  we  may  realize  the  molding  process  that 
has  been  going  on  in  these  latter  years,  we  are  apt  to  forget 
that  this  same  Constitution  linked  together  .not  only  tJiirteen 
mutually  jealous  States  of  differing  races,  but  that  we  later 
absorbed  a  Spanish  Florida  and  a  French  Louisiana. 

Under  this  Constitution  we  have  developed  a  people  as  loyal 
to  the  Government  in  all  matters  of  foreign  pohcy  as  any  that 
exists  under  the  sim.  We  have  at  the  same  time  developed  a 
state  of  mind  to  which  a  League  of  Nations  seems  but  a  l<^cai 
consequ^ice  of  our  own  successful  venture  in  the  field  of  polit- 
ical experiment. 

In  the  light  of  our  own  history  these  over-fine  distinctioiis  of 
nationalities  seem  petty  and  unreal.  But  we  are  told  that  in 
the  Balkans  things  are  different.  They  are.  In  Monastir  it  is 
said  that  one  can  find  sons  of  the  same  parents,  one  a  Serb,  on** 
a  Bulgar,  one  a  Greek,  and  one  a  Monten^rin,  according  to 
the  schools  they  attended.  And  in  Salonika  it  is  a  wise  strwt 
urchin  who  knows  whether  he  is  a  Greek,  Jew,  or  Turk  by 
virtae  of  his  parentage. 

It  is  time  that,  instead  of  feeding  to  these  pec^le  the  nn- 
healthy  German  notions  of  nationality,  we  urge  upon  them  the 
generous  ideals  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence,  and  teach 
them  some  of  the  slogans  that  have  meant  so  much  in  oor  own 
history,  notably  that  of  Webster,  that  saved  us  in  our  hoar  of 
need — "  Union  and  Liberty,  one  and  inseparable,  now  and  for- 
ever." 

These  Near-Eastern  peoples  are  predisposed  to  accept  things 
American.  Is  it  too  much  to  hope  that  with  same  sim^f 
modifications  our  own  Constitution  might  work — even  in  the 
Balkans  ?  The  Greeks,  at  least,  have  a  genius  for  oi^anixation. 
And  to^lay  Greece  has  a  great  leader  in  Venizelos.  The  other 
Balkan  states  look  to  America  for  leadership  and  assistance 
and  protection.  They  long  for  these  things  wim  an  eamestneK 
that  we  are  slow  to  appreciate  or  understand.  All  these  peoples 
feel  that  we  have  had  the  giant's  strengrth  and  have  not  used  it 
as  a  giant.  To-day,  as  never  before,  America  appears  as  the  Big 
Brother  to  the  nations  of  the  world.  Nowhere  is  this  more  tmf 
than  in  the  Balkans. 

Should  it  not  be  our  policy  to  urge  upon  them  the  suggestiou 
'that  they  seek  admission  to  the  League  of  Nations  as  theUniteti 
States.of  the  Balkans? 


THE  PEACE  CONFERENCE  AT  VERSAILLES 

II— THE    QUESTION    OF    SMALL   STATES' 
BY   ALBERT   BUSHNELL   HART 

PROFESSOR  OF  GOVERNMENT  AT  HARVARD  UNIVERSITY 


HAVING  just  passed  through  the  most  tremendous  war 
that  the  world  has  ever  known,  mankind  is  preparing  for 
a  peace  conference  upon  a  like  unexampled  scale.  The 
numl)er  of  Powers  that  take  part  will  be  imposing  beyond  all 
previous  experience.  The  last  high  tide  was  reaehetl  in  the 
Second  Hague  Conference  of  1907,  the  final  act  of  which  was 
signed  by  the  representatives  of  forty-four  nations.  Out  of  that 
list  two — Serbia  and  Montenegro — practically  ceased  to  exist 
during  the  war,  and  both  may  perhaps  merge  their  territory 
into  the  new  Jugoslav  state  before  the  assembling  at  Paris. 
The  hand  of  fate  has  once  for  all  stricken  from  the  list  the 
ancient  Empire  of  Austria-Hungary,  and  Turkey  may  also  be 

'  The  first  of  this  series^  of  aniclen  appeared  in  The  Outlook  for  December  4 
ander  the  title  "A  Great  World  Coiigreas.  Other  articles  will  follow  in  consecn- 
tire  issoes. — The  Editoks. 


treated  as  defunct ;  so  that  only  forty-three — possibly  forty— 
of  the  Powers  that  signed  the  Hague  Convention  may  !»■ 
expected  to  join  together  again  to  make  a  greater  treatv 
in  1919. 

The  Hague  list  did  not  include  all  the  states  in  the  worU 
which  then  claimed  independence  and  therefore  a  presompdw 
right  to  sit  in  a  world  congress.  Two  Latin-American  Poweix 
C^ta  Kica  and  Honduras,  were  not  among  the  signatories  at 
The  Hague.  In  Africa,  outside  of  the  European  twlonies.  jus* 
three  countries  are  really  or  nominally  independent :  Abysanb 
on  the  east,  Morocco  on  the  north,  and  Liberia  on  the  w«>t 
The  vast  continent  of  Asia  is  practically  occupied  by  the  c-olo- 
nies  of  Russia,  Great  Britain,  France,  Holland,  Portugal,  asi 
Germany,  with  the  exception  of  the  three  Empires  of  Japan 
China,  and  Persia  (all  of  which  were  represented  at  The  llafw*'' 

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and  the    tribal  states  of  Afghanistan,  Oman,   Bhutan,  and 
Nepal,  none  of  which  are  likely  to  be  among  the  elect. 

Even  in  Europe  some  curious  little  countries  must  at  least 
be  considered,  even  if  they  are  not  admitted  to  the  Conference. 
Among  them  are  two  Balkan  states,  Albania  and  Bosnia- 
Herz^^vina,  which  now  have  as  good  a  ri^ht  to  be  counted  as 
their  neighbors.  Brides  the  litue  republics  of  Andorra  and 
San  Manno,  which  are  really  parts  of  France  and  Italy,  thece 
are  several  preposterous  little  statelets  in  Europe.  The  princi- 
pality of  Monaco  is  still  on  the  map,  and  also  Liechtenstein, 
which  was  barely  big  enough  to  go  through  a  revolution  the 
other  day  and  throw  over  its  sovereign  prince.  The  Papacy 
may  possibly  seek  to  be  represented.  Out  of  these  various 
Powers  two  or  three  may  perhaps  be  allowed  to  sit  in  the  family 
chair  and  write  their  names  at  the  end  of  the  comin|f  document. 

A  third  group  of  states  which  will  either  be  admitted  or  will 
passionately  and  persistently  knock  at  the  gate  is  made  up  of 
the  fragments  of  recently  exploded  empires.  Finland,  Poland, 
Ukraine,  Lithuania,  very  likely  some  of  the  three  other  Baltic 
provinces,  may  be  excluded  because  they  will  not  formally  come 
into  being  tfll  the  Congress  completes  its  work ;  but  their 
envoys  wiO  be  waiting  just  on  the  outside  of  the  magic  circle. 
Out  of  Austria-Hungary  four  separate  nations  seem  likely  to 
emerge — Czechslovakia,  Hungary,  the  Jugoslav  State,  and 
German  Austria.  From  Turkey  four  or  five  fragments  are  likely 
to  claim  independence  and  recognition — Arabia,  Syria,  Mesopo- 
tamia, Armenia,  and  perhaps  a  new  neutralized  state  including 
Constantinople,  the  Bospborus,  and  the  Dardanelles.  Even  Ger- 
many may  break  into  several  republics  before  the  Congress ; 
and  Siberia  may  claim  to  be  separate  from  Russia. 

Taking  it  altogether,  somewhere  between  fifty  and  fifty-five 
states  wm  probably  be  actually  represented  in  the  Congress.  It 
is  an  axiom  of  international  law  that  these  nations  are  all  abso- 
lutely equal,  independent,  and  sovereign,  just  as  individuals  are  . 
equal  before  the  law  of  the  country  that  tiiey  inhabit.  The  doc- 
trine of  national  soverei^ty  is,  however,  a  generally.  Like  the 
corresponding  political  idea  of  inalienable  rights  for  the  indi- 
vidual, it  is  a  great  restraint  upon  the  thought  and  action  of 
mankind.  The  brutal  disregard  of  the  international  rights  of 
Belginm  and  Serbia  by  Germany  in  1914  aroused  the  righteous 
indignation  of  mankind  ;  and  part  of  the  duty  of  the  Congress 
will  oe  to  bring  those  crimes  home  to  the  aggressors.  Neverthe- 
less nothing  can  be  more  certain  than  that  the  Congress  will 
not  act  either  formally  or  informally  in  accordance  with  the  doc- 
trine of  equality  of  nations. 

The  Peace  Conference  need  not  raise  the  question  of  decisions 
by  a  majority  of  nations  represented.  Whatever  preliminary 
votes  may  be  taken,  the  final  act  will  be  sisped  by  each  Power 
according  to  its  jui^ment,  and  those  who  do  not  sign  will  not 
be  boimd  by  that  document.  Of  course  if  they  refuse  to  sign 
they  will  lose  whatever  advantages  there  may  be  for  them  m 
the  document ;  in  addition  to  that  disadvantage  every  weak 
state  will  have  to  sign  or  receive  unfavorable  treatment.  Not  a 
single  Power  on  earth,  not  even  the  United  States,  is  in  a  posi- 
tion to  say,  *'  We  will  withdraw  from  this  Congress  and  do  as 
seems  best  to  us." 

In  the  actual  world  of  earth  and  water,  overlaid  by  groups  of 
organized  human  beings  which  we  call  governments,  states  are 
not  equal,  but  are  thrown  by  the  force  of  circumstances  into 
three  groups,  none  of  which  appear  in  the  learned  works  on 
international  law  and  sovereignty,  because  they  are  unofficial, 
indefinite,  and  changeable. 

The  first  is  made  up  of  less  than  ten  of  the  nations  of  the 
earth — the  most  powerful,  the  most  highly  orcramized,  the  most 
active.  That  list  normally  includes  Great  Britain,  France, 
Germany,  Russia,  China,  -Japan,  and  the  United  States  of 
America,  which  in  1914  had  together  a  population  of  about 
750,000,000,  to  whicli  miglit  be  added  between  400,000,000  and 
500,000,000  inhabitants  of  European  colonies  in  Asia  and 
Africa.  The  remainder  of  the  population  of  the  earth,  civilized 
and  uncivilized,  is  not  over  400,000,000,  and  cannot  expect  to 
outvote  the  popular  majority. 

The  only  other  parts  of  the  earth  in  which  equally  powerfid 
nations  may  some  time  develop  are  Brazil  and  Australia,  possi- 
bly India.  Just  now  Germany  and  Russia — two  of  the  members 
of  this  big-nation  group — are  out  of  (!ommis.sion,  and  China  is 


inactive ;  therefore  the  mainsprings  of  action  in  the  Congress 
will  surely  be  Great  Britain,  France,  Japan,  and  the  United 
States,  acting  together  with  Italy,  a  Power  having  less  weight 
and  less  likefihoM  of  expansion.  The  main  decisions  will  inlal- 
libly  proceed  from  that  combination. 

The  second  group  is  made  up  of  states  of  high  civilization 
but  decidedly  smaller  populations.  This  includes  ^e  six  neutrak 
in  the  war — Norway,  Sweden,  Denmark,  Holland,  Switzer- 
land, and  Spain.  It  includes  also  the  ABC  Powers  of  South 
America — Argentina,  Brazil,  and  Chile.  The  new  states  built  up 
from  the  ruins  of  Austrisr Hungary  and  Russia  are  the  only  ones 
likely  to  enter  into  this  class.  South  Africa,  Australia,  and 
Canada  appear  disposed  to  accept  a  place  in  some  form  of 
ora^ized  British  Empire,  so  that  they  are  not  here  counted. 

The  third  group  of  so-called  equal  states  contains  the  small, 
weak,  and  helpless  units  which  maintain  themselves  because 
defended  against  enemies  by  some  strong  power  or  group  of 
powers.  Seventeen  out  of  the  twenty  Latin- American  countries 
enter  into  this  aggregation.  Five  of  the  seventeen — Cuba,  Haiti, 
the  Dominican  Republic,  Panama,  and  Nicaragua — are  pro- 
tectorates of  the  United  States  ;  their  so-called  sovereign  gov- 
ernments are  less  free  to  govern  themselves  than  are  the  States 
of  the  Union.  Many  of  the  other  small  states  already  mentioned 
are  in  the  same  position  of  protection  by  some  Great  Power,  as 
well  as  a  few  of  the  second  group.  Belgium  would  be  to-day  a 
plundered  and  oppressed  province  of  the  German  Empire  but 
for  the  resistance  of  its  larger  friends.  Not  one  of  the  four 
groups  of  small  states  in  the  Balkans,  or  in  what  till  recently 
were  Russia,  Austria-Hungary,  Turkey,  and  the  Balkans,  could 
stand  up  two  years  against  the  enmity  or  greed  of  neighbors 
but  for  the  protection  of  stronger  Powers. 

The  fact  tnat  many  of  these  weak  states  are  tropical  countries 
has  given  rise  to  tJie  idea  that  the  main  cause  of  war  in  this 
world  is  the  contest  between  great  nations  for  the  labor  and 
products  of  tropical  regions.  Doubtless  Central  Africa  and 
southern  Asia  and  the  iuands  of  the  sea  were  in  the  minds  of 
the  Germans  when  they  went  to  war — and  apparently  it  will  be 
many  years  before  the  results  of  their  ambition  go  out  of  their 
minds  again.  Exactly  the  same  conditions  apply,  however,  in  all 
the  Balkan  States,  which,  since  turning  the  Turk  out  of  Mace- 
donia in  1912,  have  already  had  two  wars  and  must  be  set  in 
order  from  without.  No  act  of  a  Peace  Congress  and  no  machin- 
ery of  a  world  court  can  make  those  weak  Powers  equal  to  the 
stronger  Powers  either  in  fact  or  in  the  belief  of  the  world. 

An  understanding  of  the  real  groupings  of  political  might 
will  throw  light  on  the  action  of  the  coming  Congress.  Its  work 
is  bound  to  be  done  by  the  gre&t  nations  which  have  borne  the 
heat  and  burden  of  the  fray,  in  order  to  bring  mankind  to  a 
point  where  no  great  or  little  Power  may  set  the  world  on  fire. 
It  looks  as  though  the  four  Powers  which  have  been  fighting 
side  by  side  (acting  presumably  in  harmony  with  Japan)  wiU 
lay  down  a  general  outline  of  the  coming  world  peace  before  the 
Congress  meets.  That  means  that  they  will  decide  what  new 
states,  medium  and  small,  are  to  be  created,  and  what  states 
are  to  be  merged  with  others.  They  have  already  assigned 
Alsace-Lorraine  and  probably  Posen  away  from  Germany. 
They  will  also  decide  what  states  shall  be  recognized  before  the 
Congress  and  be  received  into  it  and  what  others  must  wait  for 
the  action  of  the  Congress  before  they  can  call  themselves 
nations. 

Otherwise,  why  should  our  diplomatic  Jupiter  with  his  four 
attendant  moons  be  preparing  to  shine  upon  the  eastern  horizon  ? 
The  United  States  of  America,  as  the  most  powerful  of  all  the 
nations,  must  expect  a  n-eat  influence  over  all  these  questions 
in  the  Congress.  For  wat  work  no  one  man  is  great  enough. 
No  president  and  no  potentate  can  take  a  leading  part  in  such 
a  world-making  assemblage  without  taking  acooimt  of  the  con- 
victions and  desires  of  the  country  which  he  represents.  For 
what  purpose  a  Congress,  a  Senate,  National  business  organiza- 
tions, wise  and  learned  counselors,  unless  the  Presidential 
mind  takes  pains  to  discover  and  express  the  mind  of  the  Amer- 
ican people?  This  is  our  country;  we  have  fought  to  make 
democracy  safe  ;  we  are  entitled  to  and  will  insist  upon  open 
and  understandable  diplomacy,  so  that  this  Nation  shall  not  be 
pledged  to  any  course  or  any  obligation  that  its  people  think  con- 
trary to  the  interests  of  the  Unite<l  States  or  the  world  at  large. 

Digitized  by  VJ\^»^V  IV^ 


THE  ADVENTURES  OF  THEOPHILE* 


I— THE   TROUSERS   OF   THEOPHILE   GELAS 
BY   DONAL   HAMILTON  HAINES 


rl£OPHILE  was  not  happy.  A.  thousand  thincps  betrayed 
this  dismal  fact :  his  expression,  the  tones  of  his  voice, 
Us  way  of  wearing  his  uniform,  the  untrimmed  state  of 
his  beard  and  mustaches,  the  gloomy  gestures  with  which  he 
waved  his  paring-knife. 

'*  Me,  I  am  a  Frenchman,"  he  declared,  with  a  sort  of  fury  of 
resignation,  "  therefore  I  do  what  is  to  be  done,  yet  that  does 
not  prevent  my  seal  from  bein^  in  torment  I 

"  My  gran(£Father  bayoneted  eight  Prussians  at  Auerstadt, 
under  the  very  eye  of  the  Little  Clorporal  himself.  At  Grave- 
lotte  my  father  and  some  others  served  a  mitrailleuse  until  there 
was  no  more  ammunition  and  they  could  not  see  across  the  heap 
of  slain  which  they  had  built !  And  I " — here  Th^phile  made 
with  a  half-peeled  potato  a  gesture  that  was  the  apotheosis  of 
tragedy — "  I,  who  luive  dreamed  of  continuing  the  brave  deeds  of 
iheliouseof  Gelas,  must  godown  to  posterity  as  what  ?  Dix  tnille 
toniierres,  what?   As  the  man  who  perfected  ragout  of  mule?" 

**  But  observe,  Theophile,"  remarked  his  companion,  a  burly 
in&ntryman  told  off  that  day  for  the  mthering  of  wood  for  the 
cook's  fires,  "  you  have  still  done  much  more  wan  I." 

"  Comment .?"  and  M.  Gelas  frowned  heavily. 

**  But  it  is  true,"  insisted  the  other.  "  I  have  slain,  all  told,  it 
may  be  half  a  dozen  of  the  foe,  no  more.  While  you  have, 
thanks  to  your  excellent  food  and  that  marvelous  coffee,  turned 
a  company  of  hungry  men  into  so  many  devils,  brimful  of  courage, 
incapable  of  retreat.  They  have  amtomplished  prodigies  for  which 
your  simmering  pots  and  kettles  are  responsible  I 

Th^phile  heard  him  out  in  a  visibly  increasing  skepticism 
which  finally  exploded. 

"Bah!"  he  snorted.  "  What  foUy  1  Am  I  a  chUd  that  you 
think  to  comfort  me  by  such  babblings  ?  Is  the  eagle  to  be  made 
happy  by  having  its  wings  clipped  and  then  set  m  a  barnyard 
to  mother  a  bnood  of  chicks  ?  Bah  !" 

The  wood^tlierer  straightened  his  bent  back,  regarded  the 
neat  pile  of  .ragots  he  had  ouilt,  then,  his  store  of  comf ortings 
apparently  at  an  end,  had  recourse  to  questions. 

"  Bien,  what  would  you  ?"  he  demanded. 

"  I  would  change  this  " — Th^phile  held  out  the  knife — "  for 
a  sword  or  rifle ;  this  " — here  he  smote  with  an  irate  hand  the 
not  too  clean  apron  which  fairly  enshrouded  his  meager  figure — 
"  for  the  scarlet  trousers  in  which  my  father  fought  and  died !" 

"  But,"  the  infantryman  pointed  out,  "  we  no  longer  wear  the 
trousers  of  scarlet." 

"  I  know  it,"  admitted  Theophile ;  "  more  shame  to  us  I" 

The  infantryman,  who  had  seen  two  years  and  eight  months 
of  service,  and  into  whose  brain  the  virtue  of  low  visibility 
clothing  had  been  beaten  by  many  lessons  of  experience,  de- 
fended his  blue-clad  legs  with  the  arguments  of  reason  and 
practicability.  His  logic  had  upon  the  company  cook  merely 
the  effect  of  making  him  fairly  swell  with  scorn.  And  the  lines- 
man's final  argument  was  unfortimate ;  it  precipitated  the 
explosion. 

"  Besides,  the  uniform  was  forced  upon  us,  since  the  Boche 
fought  in  clothes  the  color  of  nothing  at  all !" 

"  Nom  d'wn  pipe  /"  shouted  Th^phile,  "  are  we  to  be  told 
what  clothes  to  wear  by  a  pig  of  a  Prussian  ?" 

"At  one  thousand  yards,"  the  linesman  explained  with 
admirable  patience,  "  one  of  these  gray  Prussians  can  hardly 
be  seen,  whereas  a  pair  of  scarlet  trousers  would  be  as  the  Louvre 
set  in  the  midst  of  a  plain  I" 

"  The  more  reason,"  Theophile  answered  stoutly,  "  for  the 
sons  of  France  to  rush  to  the  attack.  At  arms'  length  the  color 
of  a  man's  clothes  makes  no  difference !" 

The  soldier,  like  his  kind  the  world  over,  had  considerable  of 
the  pride  of  the  cloth.  Th^ophile's  persistence  irritated  him. 

"  If  you  have  for  red  trousers  such  an  enormous  affection, 
why  don't  you  wear  them?"  he  demanded. 

With  a  superb  gesture,  such  as  a  senator  of  Rome  might 

1  Each  of  the  storias  in  thii  series  is  complete  in  itself  and  entirely  independent 
of  the  others. — The  Editors. 


have  employed  in  wrapping  himself  in  hie  toga,  Th^phile  flung 
back  his  apron. 

' "  Behold !"  he  cried,  and  exposed  to  view  his  spindling  leg« 
clad,  not  merely  in  a  pair  of  those  baggy  scarlet  trousers  whieJi 
cost  France  so  many  lives  in  the  first  days  of  the  war,  but  even 
the  white  gaiters  which  had  been  worn  with  them. 

"  If  that  becomes  known,"  his  companion  said,  "  you  will  1)e 
made  to  shed  them." 

"  Not  so,"  returned  Theophile.  "  It  is  the  one  recompense  for 
my  shame.  Since  the  wretched  chef  does  not  fight,  the  color  of 
his  trousers  is  a  matter  without  importance,  llus  much  is  per- 
mitted me  in  memory  of  my  father !" 

He  dismissed  the  subject  with  another  eloquent  gesture  and 
slanted  a  glance  at  the  pile  of  fagots. 

"  That  will  be  an  insufficiency  of  wood,"  he  annoimced,  and 
the  infantryman  went  away  for  more,  grumbling. 

It  goes  without  saying  that  Thcophue  Gelas  was  well  known 
to  the  company  of  linesmen  whose  stomachs  he  filled  thrice  daily, 
or  as  often  as  circumstances  permitted.  They  were  even  inor- 
dinately fond  of  him,  for  no  commny  in  the  regiment  was  so 
well  fed.  They  boasted  openly  that  Th^phile  could  make  a  salad 
in  the  middle  of  the  Sahara,  and  that  he  could  construct  a  soup 
with  a  fire,  a  pot,  and  a  heavy  dew  I 

Yet  they  were  not  above  pla^gning  him.  A  man,  however 
admirable,  cannot  combine  the  spirit  of  the  falcon  with  the  bo<1j 
of  the  wren  and  go  wholly  free  of  chaffing.  It  was  so  tempt- 
ingly easy  to  stir  Th^phile  into  action,  and  nothing  could  be 
more  diverting  to  weary  poilus  than  the  sight  of  his  tiny  aprmied 
°  figure  capering  madly  about  as  he  showed  them  how  nis  im- 
mortal grandsire  had  wrought  prodigies  at  Auerstadt. 

It  was  no  gp-eat  wonder  t£at  wise  company  officers  and  a  com- 
placent quartermaster  permitted  Th^phUe  the  eccentricity  of  his 
obsolete  and  conspicuous  trousers.  His  sphere  of  activitj'  was 
many  hundreds  of  meters  back  of  the  front  line ;  he  mi^t  hare 
worn  black-and-scarlet  motley  and  no  man  come  to  harm  by  it 
And  Theophile  was  a  creature  to  be  humored.  In  his  enfon-e<l 
field  of  labor  his  genius  approached  the  sublime.  It  was  in  th(K« 
moments  which  try  the  souls  of  armies  that  he  rose  supreme. 
He  was  no  fair-weather  cook.  Let  there  come  a  day  of  rain  and 
despair,  the  men  of  the  company  overtaxed  and  depressed  1)y 
tremendous  efforts  in  the  fire  trenches,  supplies  low  because  of 
persistent  German  bombardment  of  the  lines  of  communication, 
uniforms  soaked  and  firewood  wet  by  hours  of  drenching  rain — 
it  was  at  such  times  that  Theophile  could  be  depended  upon  to 
produce  a  meal  which  carried  comfort  and  new  courage  to  the 
men  who  ate  it. 

Had  he  desired  to  slice  his  onions  clad  in  the  uniform  of  z 
Marecbal  de  France,  his  company  commander  would  hare 
moved- heaven  and  earth  to  gratify  his  wish ! 

But,  as  has  been  stated,  Th<>ophile  Gelas  was  not  happy. 
While  he  achieved  succulent  stews  for  which  hungry  men  called 
down  blessings  upon  his  head,  his  mind  dwelt  upon  dreams  of 
glory  which  could  never  be  realizetl  for  him.  As  a  matter  of 
fact,  he  took  the  craftman's  honest  pride  in  his  work,  but  he  hid 
this  fact  within  him  and  spoke  only  with  bitterness  of  bis  lot 

"  It  will  not  even  be  my  fate  to  die  gloriously,  as  is  my  birtl>- 
right  I"  he  would  announce  lugubriously.  "  My  graud&itlier 
was  found  with  eleven  wounds  in  his  body,  the  neck  of  an  Aus- 
trian in  his  fingers.  My  father  perished  in  the  very  throat  of 
a  Bavarian  cannon,  while  I — !  Name  of  a  pig !  One  day  a 
Boche  shell  will  overturn  my  kettles  and  I  shall  be  scaldetl  in 
my  own  poUige  /" 

There  was  not,  however,  a  grain  of  selfishness  in  the  great 
soiU  which  inhabited  Theophile's  imdersized  body.  His  men-u- 
rial  spirit  acted  as  a  perfect  barometer  of  defeat  and  victory. 
The  fact  that  he  could  have  no  active  part  in  the  thrill  of  attack, 
could  only  shoulder  vicariously  the  heavy  burden  of  reverses, 
merely  stirred  him  to  a  fury  which  found  outlet  in  the  noore 
violent  discharge  of  his  duties. 

"  One  can,"  he  would  say,  "  to  a  certain  extent  relieve  the 


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l>ent-up  emotions  of  an  anguished  spirit  through  the  medium  of 
t  lai-ge  knife  and  an  obdurate  cablwge !" 

During  the  eighteen  months  of  his  service  Gdas  had  cooked 
II  many  places  and  under  widely  differing  conditions.  He  had 
Uiown  the  comfortable  isolation  of  dugouts,  the  luxury  of  aban- 
loned  chateaux,  the  nerve-trying  ordeals  of  preparing  food 
dmost  under  fire.  There  had  been  one  heartrending  occasion  on 
which  a  German  shell  liad  scattered  to  the  winds  of  heaven  a 
irhole  sheep  which  had  been  roasting  over  Theophile's  fire. 
I'hysical  suasion  had  been  required  to  prevent  the  frenzied 
VI.  Gelas  from  rushing  out  for  vengeance  armed  with  his  largest 
Jeaver. 

For  some  four  months  Theophile's  position — ^topographically 
uid  tactically — liad  not  been  what  it  seemed,  and  he  raiew  it. 
rhe  company  was  holding  one  of  those  uncomfortably  *'  quiet 
lectors  "  whose  peace  is  but  seeming  and  likely  to  be  rudely 
ihattere<l  at  any  moment.  And  since  operations  requiring  aU 
xjssible  press  of  numbers  were  forward  at  other  points,  the 
'oroes  holding  this  particular  bit  of  front  had  been  thinned 
town  to  a  mmimum.  The  thinning  had  been  done  at  night. 
Old  with  that  circumspection  which  had  become  essential  to  all 
^iieh  maneuvers.  The  Germans  opposite  had  been  given  no 
wise  to  suppose  that  they  were  f  ac«d  by  smaller  niunbers  than 
uul  faced  them  from  the  beginning.  If  they  learned  the  truth, 
here  was  likely  to  be  protracted  unpleasantness. 

Th^phile's  <d  Jreaco  kitchen  had  been  set  up  much  nearer 

0  the  nont  than  perfect  prudence  would  have  dictated.  The 
lature  of  the  ground  was  responsible  for  this.  A  little  distance 
lehind  the  support  trenches  there  was  a  pocket.  On  the  side 
oward  tiie  foe  this  pocket  had  a  perpendicular  wall  ten  feet 
ligb.  In  the  other  direction  the  slope  was  mudi  more  gradual. 

The  advantages  of  this  position  were  obvious.  Hugged  dose 
gainst  the  sharp-sided  wall  of  earth,  further  protected  by  a 
uof  of  timbers  and  sand-bags,  Th^phile's  operations  were 
omparatively  safe.  And  their  proximity  to  the  front  meant 
hat  food  for  the  men  in  the  trenches  would  have  to  be  carried 
.  much  shorter  distance  than  usual. 

At  the  outset  Th^ophile  had  entered  upon  his  duties  with 
minoufl  shakes  of  t^e  head.  The  spot,  ne  maintained,  was 
lesigned  for  slaughter  and  destined  to  be  his  inglorious  tomb, 
kit  as  day  followed  day  and  the  weeks  became  months  his 
ears  became  lulled  into  a  feeling  of  security. 

"  To  leave  here,"  he  was  wont  to  say,  "  would  be  a  pity, 
nless  it  were  to  take  up  quarters  much  nearer  Berlin." 

There  were  moments,  however,  when  Th^ophile  felt  posi- 
ively  stifled  in  the  security  of  his  kitchen,  when  the  risks 
ome  by  the  other  men  goaded  his  fiery  spirit  to  fury.  On  that 
ery  day  when  he  had  engaged  in  sharp  argument  over  the 
latter  of  uniforms  with  the  infantryman  a  definite  plan 
ntered  his  brain. 

When  first  the  idea  occurred  to  him,  he  shuddered.  He  was 
^  instinctively  and  thoroughly  the  soldier  that  the  mere 
wmght  of  a  breach  of  discipline  startled  him,  and  it  was  noth- 
ig  less  that  he  was  contemplating. 

During  the  entire  day  there  was  a  sharp  struggle  between 
licophile's  natural  tendencies  and  his  new-born  desires,  and  it 

1  possible  that  his  work  suffered  in  consequence.  Certainly 
is  helpers  discovered  in  him  an  unusual  touchiness  and  short- 
ess  of  temper.  When  it  was  pointed  out  to  him  that  he  had 
>rgotton  to  salt  the  soup  (onlinarily  he  would  as  soon  have 
n^otten  his  head !),  he  new  into  a  passion. 

"  Am  I  then  to  be  taught  my  profession  by  you  '"  he  de- 
uuided,  with  the  air  of  a  throned  monarch. 

"  But — "  the  discoverer  of  the  unsalted  soup  started  to  de- 
snd  himself. 

Th^phile  obliterated  the  man  and  his  defenses  with  a  single 
mtare. 

"There  is  a  moment  for  salting  soup,  as  for  every  other 
ling  1"  he  declared,  "  and  I  have  diarge  of  these  affaii-s  I" 

And  he  proceeded  to  salt  the  soup  exactiy  three  minutes  later, 
>  tboogh  the  performance  of  that  rite  at  any  other  moment 
oold  have  proved  a  disaster. 

But  not  every  man  he  encountered  that  oay  was  fated  to 
el  the  edge  of  Th^phile's  tongue  and  the  sharp  angles  of  his 
mper.  Certain  non-commissioned  officers  found  themselves 
n^led  out  for  special  favors  and  made  tlie  recipients  of  siic- 


ciUent  bits  from  the  chefs  secret  stores.    Thdophile,  having  it 
in  mind  to  turn  warrior,  wisely  b^;au  by  becoming  a  diplomat. 

Ordinarily  he  retired  when  the  evening  meal  was  mushed, 
the  carrying  of  food  and  coffee  to  the  men  standing  night  duty 
being  left  to  his  assistants.  On  this  particular  night  it  was  ob- 
served that  he  did  not  go  to  bed.  Fortnnatdy  for  Th^phile's 
plans  (and  for  some  other  conditions),  his  further  activities  were 
not  observed.  To  hungry  men  the  figure  of  a  cook  off  duty  is  a 
thi^  of  complete  inconsequence ! 

Theophile's  activities  would  have  aroused  suspicion  had  they 
been  seen.  He  divested  himself  of  tiie  apron  of  office  and  got 
into  his  overcoat,  first  arming  himself  with  a  large  knife — a 
huge  instrument  hitherto  devoted  to  peaceful  purposes,  but,  in  a 
vigorous  hand,  quite  capable  of  bisecting  a  man. 

These  matters  arranged,  he  waited  until  there  commenced  to 
trickle  through  the  communication  trenches  those  little  knots  of 
men  assigned  to  the  hazardous  enterprises  of  the  night — patrol 
work,  the  repair  of  broken  wire,  and  so  on.  Into  this  thin  stream 
of  shadowy  figures  Tfaeophile  unobtrusively  inserted  himself. 

The  watehnU  eye  of  a  sergeant  saw  him,  and  a  gruff  voice 
demanded  what  he  did.  Theophlle  disclosed  himself,  and  observed 
with  relief  that  it  was  a  sergeant  whom  he  had  stuffed  with 
dainties  not  many  hours  before. 

"  It  is  but  a  matter  of  certain  ketties  which  have  been  lost, 
sergeant,"  he  explained,  glibly. 

Arrived  in  the  front-iune  trenches,  the  cook's  role  was  not 
without  its  difficulties.  He  had  at  once  to  avoid  any  appearance 
of  slinking  yet  to  evade  close  scrutiny  and  questionings.  He 
counted  upon  three  factors  to  aid  lum :  the  slight  confusion 
attending  the  going  out  of  the  various  patrols  and  work  parties, 
the  lack  of  light,  and  the  fact  that  men  did  not  ordinarily  seek 
this  dangerous  work  unless  assigned  to  it. 

His  plan  succeeded  admirably.  Within  a  few  minutes  he  was 
creeping  out  into  the  blackness  with  the  six  men  of  a  "  listening 
patrol.'  He  availed  himself  of  their  company  until  he  was  safely 
through  the  wire,  then  deliberately  strayed — a  task  presenting 
no  difficulties. 

Once  alone,  Theophile  lay  flat,  his  chin  resting  on  his  crossed 
arms,  his  sharp  eyes  peering  into  the  blackness  ahead  of  him, 
broken  now  and  then  by  star  shell  or  rocket  from  one  line  or 
the  other.  He  had  no  clear  plan.  No  idea  of  performing  single- 
handed  some  prodigy  of  valor  which  would  redound  to  the 
credit  of  the  house  of  Gelas  had  entered  his  mind.  He  had 
simply  yearned  beyond  endurance  for  the  thrill  of  danger,  the 
zest  of  martial  adventure.  He  planned  to  prowl  about  by  him- 
self, then  creep  back  toward  his  own  trenches,  join  himself  to 
some  returning  party,  and  take  the  consequences  of  his  disobedi- 
.ence  later. 

But  it  is  not  easy  for  one  unaccustomed  to  the  business  to 
crawl  about  in  the  darkness  and  stiU  retain  an  accurate  idea  of 
one's  whereabouts.  It  is  difficult  enough  under  ordinary  condi- 
tions, and  when  all  the  senses  must  be  alert  to  detect  uie  pi-es- 
ence  of  hostile  prowlers  it  becomes  more  complex.  Th6ophile's 
situation  was  made  still  more  delicate  by  the  fact  that  he  was 
equally  desirous  of  avoiding  friend  and  foe. 

To  the  descendant  of  the  veterans  of  Auerstadt  and  Grave- 
lotte  this  fearsome  crawling  through  the  quarter-mile  of  broken, 
weed-grown  ground  which  lay  between  the  opposing  lines  was  a 
wonderful  experience.  Theophile's  soul  was  fairly  exalted.  At 
times  he  frowned  portentously  into  the  night  at  some  fancie<l 
soimd,  at  others  he  mid  his  hand  on  the  hand^  of  the  knife  in  his 
belt — a  fearsome  weapon  enough,  but  a  sad  handicap  to  swift 
and  effective  crawling.  He  experienced  not  the  slightest  tremor 
of  fear  ;  the  courage  of  Theophile  Gelas  was  perfectiy  genuine. 

At  the  end  of  a  splendid  three-quarters  of  an  hour,  however, 
he  discovered  that  by  dint  of  scrambling  on  all  fours  in  a  hun- 
dred different  directions  he  was  completely  lost. 

"  Tleiis  /"  he  exclaimed,  in  some  concern,  "  I  am  as  likely  to 
crawl  into  the  Boche  lines  as  my  own,  and  I  will  oook  no  break- 
fast for  German  stomachs.  It  is  a  great  pity  I" 

It  became  necessary  to  do  something,  to  make  some  sort  of  a 
plan.    Thus  far — due  really  to  the  fact  that  he  had  spent  luoHt 
of  his  time  almost  exactly  midway  l>etween  the  opposing  linex 
he  had  encountered  no  one.    He  considered   his  predicament 
sol)erly,  bnt  without  resd  uneashiess. 

"  Ah,  hiftil"  he  conclud(>d ;  "  I  shall  crawl  in  one  dii-ection. 


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If  it  is  the  rig|m  one,  tout  va  inert  /  If  it  isn't,  then  I  shall  dis- 
cover my  errpi',  4x1111  round,  and  crawl  the  other  way.  It  is 
simple." 

And  straighiMfaylie  set  about  it.  Fate  decreed  that  he  should 
set  about  crawling  straight  for  the  German  lines  and  that  his 
course  should  cross  that  of  no  friendly  parties.  At  the  end  of 
some  minutes  his  sharp  ears  caught  faint  sounds. in  the  darkness 
ahead  of  him.  He  stopped  and  listened.  A  .grufF  word  reached 
him.  He  tingled. 

"  Boches !'  he  exclaimed,  under  his  breath. 

Now  the  course  of  prudence  would  have  been  a  swift  retreat. 
Theophile  had  secured  the  desired  information.  He  knew  where 
he  was — which  was  exactly  where  he  ought  not  to  have  been. 
But  the  dictates  of  prudence  at  the  moment  were  without 
weight  in  Theophile's  mind. 

"  Boches !"  he  repeated.  *'  Now  what  devil's  business  are  they 
about?  Let  us  see. ' 

So  he  crawled  briskly  forward,  fell  into  a  shell  crater,  struck 
his  head  upon  a  stone,  and  vanished  temporarily  from  the  land 
of  conscious  creatures. 

Had  he  pitched  headlong  ten  min'utes  later  he  would  have 
fallen  upon  the  point  of  a  German  bayonet  As  it  was,  he  fell 
into  the  shell  crater  some  minutes  before  the  Germian  occupied 
it.  For4;he  s^iaoe  of  some  five  minutes  the  two  men  lay  in  the 
darkness  withm  a  few  feet  of  each  other,  each  unaware  of  the 
other's  presence — Theophile  because  he  had  n'ot  yet  recovered 
his  senses,  the  Grerman  because  he  had  a  severe  cold  in  his  head 
and  his  hearing  was  affected  to  an  extent  which  should  have 
kept  him  from  duty  of  this  sort. 

By  a  further  dispensation  of  Providence  no  star  shells  or 
rockets  lighted  up  this  particular  quarter  of  the  field  during 
this  important  interval  in  Theophile's  history. 

M.  Gelas  was,  happily,  one  of  those  creatures  who  wake  from 
sound  sleep  noiselessly  and  come  into  instant  possession  of  their 
faculties.  He  emerged  from  unconsciousness  in  the  same  fashion ; 
one  instant  he  was  an  inert  mass,  the  next  he  was  wide-e^ed, 
his  mind  nndouded,  and  in  his  ears  the  noisy  breathing  of  the 
German. 

Th^phile's  bead  piuned  him  excmciatinp^ly,  but  he  did  not 
think  ot  it.  In  his  mind  was  no  doubt.  Withiia  a  few  feet  of 
him  was  one  of  the  detested  foe.  There  was  but  one  course  open. 
His  movements  were  noiseless.  An  instant  later  the  knife  was 
in  his  hand  and  he  was  creeping  forward. 

It  was  a  Grerman  star-shell  which  burst  into  brilliance  over- 
head, showing  the  German  his  fate  and  Theophile  his  victim. 
The  helmeted  figure  made  a  move  to  save  himself,  but  it  was  a 
case  of  hare  and  tortoise.  For  an  affair  of  the  kind  Thdophile's 
knife  was  worth  a  dozen  bayonets. 

Even  then  Theophile  did  not  withdraw.  Something  that  he 
heard  made  him  pause,  made  him  at  the  same  instant  understand 
why  the  German  had  been  set  to  watch  the  shell  crater.  The 
noise  which  he  heard  was  muffled,  regular,  sinister.  It* came, 
not  from  any  point  in  the  surrounding  darkness,  but  from  under- 
neath. Below  his  feet  the  Germans  were  tunneling  their  way 
toward  the  French  lines ! 

For  some  minutes  Theophile  lay  and  listened,  fairly  holding 
his  breath.  There  could  be  no  mistake ;  the  muffled  sounds 
which  reached  him  were  certainly  caused  bypick  and  shoveL 

"  It  is  the  moment  for  retreat,"  decided  Th^phile. 

But  once  more  matters  were  taken  entirely  out  of  his  hands. 
At  the  precise  instant  that  he  decided  upon  withdrawal  a  line 
of  crimson  flashes  spurted  out  into  the  darkness  from  the  Ger- 
man lines,  and  there  was  an  answering  rattle  of  firing  from  the 
French.  Unfortunately  for  the  cook,  this  burst  of  night  firing 
was  not  sporadic,  as  are  most  of  them.  It  was  to  the  interests 
of  those  mining  operations  on  whose  existence  Theophile  had 
stumbled  that  French  patrols  be  kept  to  their  own  lines,  and 
this  was  best  effected  by  raking  the  neutral  ground  with  per- 
sistent rifle  and  machine-gun  fii«. 

It  was  a  few  minutes  after  midnight  when  the  venturesome 
cook  fell  into  the  shell  hole,  perhaps  a  quarter  to  one  when  the 
German  fire  burst  out.  From  that  moment  until  the  clear  light 
of  the  summer  morning  broke  over  the  trenches  the  firing  was 
steady.  Between  Theophile  and  retreat  had  been  erected  an 
insuperable  barrier  of  flying  metal.  He  could  do  nothing  but 
hug  the  ground  ahd  wait. 


As  a  matter  of  course,  Theophile's  mysterious  disappeaniKF 
was  discovered  at  the  hour  when  he  usually  commenced  im 
preparations  for  breakfast,  and  the  news  of  it  spread  throogii 
the  company. 

The  sergeant  to' whom  Th^phile  had  spoken  had  seen  hin 
going  up  toward  the  trenches.  No  other  man  had  marked  his 
presence  there,  none  had  seen  him  return.  The  tiling  was  a 
mystery  superior,  in  conversational  value,  to  the  sudden  oat. 
cropping  of  violent  firing  on  the  part  of  the  foe. 

Breakfast  passed,  the  German  fire  fell,  but  Tb^phile  did 
not  appear. 

"  I  had  rather,"  confessed  Captain  Falette,  as  he  grinucd 
over  coffee  which  was  not  of  Th^phile's  making,  "  have  lost  an  j 
six  men  in  the  company !" 

With  the  coming  of  daylight  Th^phile  examined  his  posi- 
tion. It  had  advantages  and  disadvantages  which  were  obvioas 
at  ■&  glance.  The  shell  crater  which  had  sheltered  him  was 
much  nigher  on  the  side  toward  the  Germans  than  in  the  other 
.direction'.  So  long  as  he  lay  still  he  was  invisible  to  the  foe. 

But  the  ground  between  the  two  lines  of  trenches  had  a 
decided  slope,  and  this  slope  was  toward  the  French  lines. 
Moreover,  there  was  a  deplorable  and  complete  lack  of  cover. 
For  him  to  attempt  to  reach  his  own  lines  in  the  full  light  of 
day  was  nothing  less  than  suicide. 

And  Theophile  knew  the  importance  of  his  return  to  ha 
own  lines.  His  own  safety  was  a  matter  of  no  oonseqnoioe. 
The  soul  of  a  Gelas  is  above  such  considerations.  But  he  knew 
how  important  it  was  that  word  of  those  strange  subtenaneaii 
sounds  reach  the  French  lines  without  delay.  He  had  to  get 
back! 

"  Since  I  am  neither  a  bird  nor  a  mole,"  Tb^phile  dended 
philosophically,  "  I  can  get  back  neither  by  flying  nor  by  bor- 
rowing. And  if  I  try  to  crawl  I  shall  be  slaon  by  at  least  a 
million  bullets  before  I  have  gone  ten  meters.  It  is  deaolatingr 

He  put  his  head  on  his  hand  and  thought.  His  tliinkin; 
was  stimulated  by  a  French  shell  which,  falling  short,  bant 
in  uncomfortable  proximity  to  his  position. 

**  Manifestly,"  muttered  the  unfortunate  cook,  **  it  is  essential 
that  my  friends  know  where  I  am  while  the  Boche  remaia 
in  ignorance,  or  I  shall  be  sliun.  Let  us  consider  !" 

At  the  end  of  three  minutes — during  which  two  otlxr 
French  shells  descended — he  slapped  his  leg  with  a  joyful 
exclamation. 

"  But,  of  course  I"  he  exclaimed,  and  commenced  to  unhattaa 
his  gaiters. 

*' Something  moved  out  there !"  excUumea  a  sentry  ataleo|K 
hole. 

A  sergeant  drew  near  and  peered  out.  At  least  three  hns- 
dred  yards  away  he  could  see  something,  something  bright  i«d. 
beine  waved  with  ^very  appearance  of  caution.  The  diing 
whicn  waved  it  was  invisible.  The  strange  object  appeared  tr> 
wave  itself  dose  to  the  gpround. 

*^Qu^est-ce  que  c'est  que  9ft  ?"  exclaimed  the  perplexed  w- 
geant,,and  summoned  an  officer. 

The  oflicer  used  his  binoculars,  frowned,  used  them  agahi 
frowned  more  deeply,  and  exclaimed : 

"  It  is  incredible,  but  it  is  true !  That  fluttering  thing  k  * 
pair  of  the  old-issue  red  trousers !" 

In  one  voice  the  sergeant  and  the  soldiers  within  beaiing 
exclaimed : 

"grh^phUe!" 

"  Comment  ?"  demanded  the  officer. 

There  were  hasty  and  vociferous  explanations.  Shortly  titxt- 
wards  messages  were  sent  to  the  officer  who  oomnuuided  tie 
busy  batteries  requesting  that  he  keep  his  sheUs  off  a  certan 
square  on  his  map.  That  same  night,  as  so(m  as  it  was  dark.' 
strong  party  crept  out  toward  lli^phile's  enforced  {dace  ^ 
conc^ilment. 

Prompt  as  they  were,  he  met  them  nearly  half-way.  Vf 
progress  was  slow  because  he  was  burdened  with  a  Germu  i^ 
met,  a  German  rifle,  a  German  water-bottie,  and  a  Gfra» 
haversack.  His  first  speech  upon  meeting  his  rescnen  "> 
characteristic : 

"  It  is  no  wonder,"  he  declared,  "  that  the  Prussian  is  a  d< 


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He  is  fed  like  one.  To-day  I  have  subsisted  on  a  Boche's  ration. 
Sam  (Tun  pipe,  wliat  food !" 

He  was  received  in  his  own  lines  with  something  approaching 
an  ovation.  Men  went  without  their  sleep  to  witness  his  arriviJ. 
In  the  German  lines  it  was  thought  that  the  French  were  cheer- 
in?  the  tidings  of  a  victory  at  some  other  part  of  the  front. 

But  Th^^ile  wasted  no  time.  He  took  his  precious  informal 
don  straight  to  Captain  Falette,  who  received  it  with  sober  face. 

Two  consequences  are  worthy  of  comment.  Two  nights  later 
the  German  mining  operations  were  brought  to  a  noisy  and 
tragic  close  which  was  visible  for  miles.  The  next  day  a  special 
order  was  issued  from  regimental  headquarters. 

Private  Th6ophile  Geli^  cook,  was  commended  for  coolness 


and  distinguished  conduct.  He  was  also  permitted,  on  occa- 
sions when  the  regiment  was  paraded,  to  appear  in  scarlet 
trousers ! 

Theophile  was  peeling  potatoes.  The  same  soldier  was  assist- 
ing him,  piling  fr^hly  gathered  wood.  Theophile  regarded  him 
with  a  superioi  air. 

"  Is  it  possible,"  he  asked  finally,  "  that  you  cling  to  your 
opinions  in  the  matter  of  trousers  ?" 

"  I  am  silent,"  declared  the  infantryman. 

Theophile  nodded  with  profound  satisfaction. 

"  A  good  uniform,"  he  declared,  oracularly,  "  has  an  infinity 
of  uses  I" 


"GETTING  TOGETHER 


99 


WHAT  THE  AMERICAN  BLUEJACKET  THINKS  OF  BRITAIN  AND  THE  BRITISH^ 


BY    LEWIS    R.  FREEMAN 

LIEUTENANT  ROYAL  NAVY    VOLUNTEER   RESERVE 


THE  scroll  of  human  experience  has  been  unrolling  at 
rather  a  dizzy  rate  for  both  the  American  soldier  and 
sailor.  But  it  has  seemed  to  me  to  be  the  latter — prob- 
ably because  he  has  somewhat  more  time  to  '^  sit  and  think  " 
than  the  former — that  has  gone  the  furthest  in  the  orderly 
piofeonholing  of  his  impressions.  All  the  spirit  of  the  soldier's 
Iteiug  has  been  concentrated  on  his  preparation  for  "  licking 
tlie  Boche."  In  mind  and  body  he  has  fitted  himself  for  his 
grim  task,  and  his  outlook  on  life  and  things  generally  has  been 
not  uncolot-ed  by  the  red  mist  that  deepened  before  his  eyes 
as  tlie  time  of  his  big  moment  approached.  With  the  sailor  it  is 
different.  Although,  first  and  last,  the  part  that  he  has  b?en 
playing  in  winning  through  is  every  bit  as  important  as 
tliat  of  the  soldier,  his  hate  of  the  Hun  is  rather  more  imper- 
sonal, and  he  is  less  inclined  to  have  his  moments  of  '^  seeing 
re<l "  than  is  the  Yankee  soldier.  It  is  this  fact  that  has  made  the 
American  sailor  a  rather  more  detached  and  unbiased  observer 
of  the  things  the  war  drama  has  unrolled  before  him  than  is 
the  soldier. 

"  How  do  things  look  to  you  after  more  than  a  year  of  real 
war  ?"  I  asked  a  tall  youth  in  blue  jeans  and  a  gray  sleeveless 
sweater  whom  I  found  tinkering  with  the  sights  of  the  forecastle 
I'liu  of  the  destroyer  in  which  I  chance<l  to  be  out  for  a  few 
'  iv.s  at  the  time.  The  question  was  merely  an  ingratiating 
■  lU'inpt  to  get  acquainted  on  my  part,  and  was  ventured  with 
i.o  expectation  of  drawing  a  serious  answer.  I  was  not  as  famil- 
iar then  as  I  have  become  since  with  the  material  they  are 
making  the  young  Yankee  sailor  of,  however.  He  turned  on  me 
a  keen  eye,  with  wrinkles  at  tlie  corners  which  I  was  quite  right 
in  surmising  had  come  there  through  gazing  at  heat  waves 
dancioff  along  broad  horizons  long  before  he  had  squinted  down 
the  sight  of  a  naval  gun.  My  diagnosis  of  "  Texas  cowboy " 
01  dy  missed  the  truth  by  the  difference  between  that  and  an 
"  (Oklahoma  oil  driller  with  a  'varsity  education  and  a  ranch 
of  his  own." 

He  leaned  back  easily  with  an  arm  over  the  gun-breech 
(where  a  British  bluejacket  under  similar  circumstances  would 
have  stiffened  at  oni^e  to  attention),  and  yet  there  was  nothing 
familiar  or  disrespectful  in  his  attitude.  "  It  looks  to  roe  like 
two  or  three  things,"  he  said  after  a  moment  of  wrinkling  his 
tanueil  brow  as  he  collected  his  thoughts.  "  It  looks  to  me  as 
though  these  waters  hereabouts  were  not  going  to  be  exactly  a 
happy  hunting-ground  for  the  U-boat  now  uiat  we're  be^^in- 
nitig  to  savvy  the  game  good  and  proper.  That's  one  thing. 
Another  thing:  It  looks  like  Americans — or  at  least  those 
[>f  us  as  have  come  across  to  this  side — are  going  to  have 
t  fair  chance  to  discover  that  the  natives  of  these  little  islands 
ire  more  or  less  the  same  kind  of  animals  the  Yanks  are,  after 
dl.  We've  never  had  that  chance  in  the  last  hundred  and  forty 
^ears.  Instead,  we've  been  taught  from  our  cradles  to  nurse  a 
grudge  that  was  really  wiped  out  when  we  licked  them— or  such 

I  This  lutiala  «a*  written  bofore  th«  artnistiro,  but  its  iroiot  nnd  interest  mre  in 
■u  way  diminMbed  by  that  faot. — TuR  Editokh. 


forces  as  they  could  send  across  then — and  set  up  business 
on  our  own  account  in  '76.  And  one  more  thing:  It  looks  as  if 
Americans  were  at  last  getting  off  their  blinkers  in  the  matter 
of  the  Irish ;  that  they  are  beginning  to  understand  that  these — 
but,  excuse  me,  sir  [he  turned  and  started  adjusting  the  sighting 
mechanism  again] ;  I  just  saw  the  captain  come  up  on  the 
bridge,  and  I  don't  like  to  swear  too  freely  in  his  hearing.  And 
a  man  can't  talk  about  this  end  of  Ireland — or  leastways  about 
the  way  it's  acted  about  the  war — without  swearing." 

These  offhand  observations  come  pretty  near  to  epitomizing 
the  several  salient  ideas  that  have  been  crystallizing  in  the 
mind  of  the  American  sailor  in  the  course  of  his  year  or  more 
of  active  service  in  the  war.  If  he  is  on  a  destroyer  or  sub- 
marine operating  against  the  U-boat,  he  knows  full  well  what 
has  been  done  in  turning  the  little  neck  of  the  Atlantic  where 
he  works  into  what  may  well  be  termed  a  "  marine  hell  "  for  the 
pirates.  If  he  is  in  one  or  the  other  of  these  branches  of  the 
service,  too,  the  fact  that  he  has  based  in  a  south  of  Ireland  port 
has  given  him  a  liberal  education  in  the  affairs  of  that  '*  dis- 
threshfnl  country  "  and  stirred  in  him  the  deepest  abomination 
of  Sinn  Fein,  aU  it  stands  for,  and  all  who  stand  for  it.  A 
growing  impatience  and  distrust  of  all  professional  politicians 
is  common  to  the  officers  and  men  of  all  the  American  ships  on 
this  side  and  bodes  as  hopefully  for  the  future  as  does  a  similar 
feeling  that  is  becoming  increasingly  evident  in  both  the  British 
army  and  navy. 

But  most  profound  of  all  the  emotions  stirred  in  the  breast 
of  the  American  sailor  by  the  war  and  the  new  knowledge  the 
war  has  brought  him  is  undoubtedly  his  awakening  sympathy 
and  admiration  for  the  British  and  Great  Britain.  The  picture 
the  most  of  him  brought  over  of  the  Briton  was  a  sort  of  hazy 
composite  built  up  of  what  his  school  histories  told  him  about 
George  the  Third's  soldiers  and  of  what  he  himself  had  seen 
of  the  Briton — as  represented  on  the  American  stage  and  in 
the  funny  papers.  If  he  was  a  man  of  two  or  three  enlistments 
— aud  these,  because  the  great  dilution  of  new  men  has 
become  imperative  with  the  expansion  of  the  navy,  are  not 
encountered  very  often — the  effect  of  the  composite  was 
heightened  by  a  picture  of  a  British  bluejacket  as  the  Amer- 
ican had  met  him  on  the  water-front  of  this  or  that  foreign  port. 
It  goes  without  saying  that  the  incarnation  of  tliat  kind  of  a 
composite  didn't  seem  a  very  promising  individual  for  the  Yan- 
kee sailor  to  make  friends  m'mx.  This  creature  of  fancy  was  a 
male,  of  course.  What  the  female  of  the  species  was  he  had  an 
even  hazier  idea,  and  that  there  was  really  nothing  to  speak  of 
to  differentiate  her  from  the  girl,  sister,  or  mother  he  had  left 
behind  him  he  never  dreamed.  Considering  that  this  is  the  way 
things  looked  to  him  at  the  outset — and  the  picture  is  not  in 
the  least  exaggerated — one  cannot  but  feel  that  the  American 
sailor  has  made  most  gratifying  progress  in  <!orrecting  his  per- 
spective in  a  comparatively  limited  time  and  with  few  oppor- 
tunities. 

The  sailors  of  the  American  battleships  of  the  Grand  Fleet- 

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alwa^  oa  guard  at  its  isolated  base,  and  able  to  grant  scant 
and  infrequent  leave  to  any  one  serving  in  it — ^have  had  less 
diance  to  see  the  country  and  its  people  than  have  their  mates 
of  the  destroyers  and  submarines,  whose  bases  have  been  more 
convenient  to  England  and  with  chances  of  leave  turning  up 
rather  oftener.  Their  main,  almost  their  only,  point  of  contact, 
therefore,  has  been  the  British  bluejacket.  Everything  consid- 
ered, perhaps  there  could  not  have  been  a  better  one.  No  finer, 
and  yet  more  fairly  characteristic,  cross-section  of  the  British 
peome  could  be  revealed  than  that  shown  by  the  personnel  of 
the  Royal  Navy,  from  stoker  or  seaman  to  commander-in-chief. 
There  is  no  class  by  which  the  Briton  himself  should  be  prouder 
to  be  judged. 

I  have  already  written  of  the  mixed  feelings  of  curiosity  and 
interest  with  which  the  British  bluejackets  awaited  their  first 
intimate  meeting  with  the  Yanks.  It  was  no  whit  different  on 
the  part  of  the  latter.  With  the  northern  base  swept  by  its 
more  or  less  unending  succession  of  winter  storms,  tnere  was 
not  much  chance  for  personal  contact  in  the  first  few  months 
after  the  Americans  came  over,  and  before  better  weather  and 
lengthening  spring  days  gave  opportunity  for  inter-fleet  visits 
and  foregathering^  ashore  the  men  of  both  navies  had  had  a 
good  many  chances  to  see  each  other  handling  their  ships.  From 
that  alone  a  deep  mutual  respect  was  bom,  and  it  was  on  that 
solid  foundation  that  the  present  astonishingly  friendly  relations 
between  the  men  of  the  two  Allied  navies  are  based.  The  Brit- 
ish, with  four  years  of  war  experience  behind  them,  were  doing 
things  with  their  shi]^  quite  in  the  ordinary  course  of  the  day's 
work,  that  the  Americans  had  never  reckoned  on  attempting 
save  in  emergency.  The  shooting  and  the  general  efficiency  of 
the  British  ships  under  the  arduous  North  Sea,  winter  conditions 
deepened  and  broadened  the  respect  and  admiration  of  the 
Americans  the  more  they  saw  of  it  and  the  more  they  discovered 
the  extent  to  which  they  woidd  have  to  exert  and  outdo  them- 
selves to  equal  it.  The  feeling  of  the  American  bluejacket  on 
this  score  was  concisely  but  comprehensively  expressed  by  an 
old  Yankee  man-o-war  s  man — one  of  the  few  real  veterans  I 
have  encountered  on  this  side— with  whom  I  had  a  yam  not  long 
after  the  arrival  of  U.  S.  S. . 

Coming  in  from  a  "  big-gun  shoot,"  the  American  squadron 
had  sighted  a  squadron  ol  British  battle-cruisers  carrying  out  a 
series  of  intricate  maneuvers  with  destroyers  at  a  speed  which 
would  have  been  reckoned  as  suicidal  as  late  as  a  year  or  two 
ago,  and  which  there  is  little  doubt  would  not  be  attempted  out- 
side of  the  Grand  Fleet  even  to-day.  The  sun-pickled  "  phiz  "  of 
the  old  sea^og  crinkled  with  a  grin  of  sheer  delight  and  wonder 
as  the  lean  cruisers,  each  a  mass  of  turrets,  funnels,  and  trii)od 
mast  between  the  tossed  bow  wave  and  foaming  wake,  dashed 
in  and  out  of  the  spi-eading  smoke-screens  with  a  unity  of  move- 
ment that  might  have  been  animated  by  the  pull  of  a  single 
string.  Then,  when  to  cap  the  climax  the  speeding  warships 
opened  up  with  their  heavies  and  began  to  stradme  a  target 
that  was  teetering  along  on  the  edge  of  the  sky-line  ten  or  twelve 
mUes  away,  he  gave  his  broad  uiigh  a  resounding  slap  and 
turned  to  me  wiui : 

"  By  cripes,  things  do  move,  believe  me  1  I  was  on  the  Oregon 
when  we  chased  old  Cervera's  ships  up  the  Cuba  coast  in  the 
Spanish  War,  and  we  were  nigh  to  busting  our  boilers  doing 
half  the  speed  of  them  battle-cruisers.  And  ais  for  keeping 
station — it  was  just  a  case  of  devil  take  the  hindmost.  But  uiese 
Johnnies  here  would  go  straight  through  a  scrap  just  as  they're 

E laying  that  little  game  over  there.  By  cracky,  I  takes  off  my 
at  to  them  !  They're  sure  on  the  job,  and  you  just  bet  that's 
good  enough  for  us." 

I  think  that  if  I  were  asked  to  sum  up  very  briefly  just  what 
the  American  bluejacket  thinks  of  the  ships  of  the  Grand  Fleet 
and  the  men  who  man  them,  I  would  simply  Quote  those  final 
words — "  They're  sure  on  the  job,  and  you  just  bet  that's  good 
enough  for  us." 

With  this  foundation  of  respect  and  admiration  to  stand  on 
once  established,  there  was  little  to  worry  about  on  the  score 
of  personal  relations.  Both  were  as  bashful  as  children  on 
the  occasions  of  their  first  tentative  inter-ship  visits,  but  this 
quickly  wore  off  when  they  found  that  they  both  spoke  the 
same  language,  and  it  was  not  very  far  from  that  to  the  "  pal- 
ling "  stage.    Then    they  began  to  box  and  play  occasional 


games  of  "  soccer"  together,  and,  where  ^ther  oould  not  play 
die  other's  sport,  to  give  attention  to  baseball  or  "  rugger^  as 
the  case  mignt  be,  with  the  idea  of  trying  to  find  out  i^  tbenir 
selves  what  there  really  was  in  the  other  man's  gtune.  This  i» 
still  going  on,  and  British  sailors  with  baseball  bats  and  glovea. 
or  Yankee  tars  with  cricket  bats  and  dan  pt^  are  beooming 
commoner  and  commoner  sights  at  the  «ggreatiou  grouiida  in 
the  vicinity  of  the  northern  bases.  ..j. 

I  have  already  told  how  the  feeling  of  dj*  British  UQC^M^et 
for  the  Yankee  "gob" — as  the  latter  nj^gam  to  like  to  Iw 
called — changed  from  one  of  aloof  curioai^  through  ft  mil<l 
sort  of  "  liking  "  to  active  affection ;  and  to  describe  koir  tb>- 
American's  feelings  have  run  the  same  gamut  would  be  a»erel> 
to  tell  the  story  in  reverse.  But  I  cannot  refrain  from  aettin<^ 
down  the  personal  tribute  of  one  "  gob  "  in  particular  to  British 
bluejackets  in  general,  for,  in  its  way,  it  is  quite  as  Qrpieal  as 
the  words  I  have  quoted  respecting  the  old  Yankee  gnnner'x 
estimate  of  the  Grand  Fleet. 

The  "  gob  "  in  question  had  been  bom  txa  or  very  aBV  thf 
Bowery,  but  seven  years  in  the  Navy  had  obliterated  nB  ttsu-e» 
but  the  accent.  He  was  a  stoker,  and  as  the  champion  **  Iight> 
heavy "  of  the  American  squadron  was  being  pat  on  in  an 
occasional  special  bout  in  the  course  of  the  British  aqnuulnm 
eliminations.  In  spite  of  the  fact  that  the  British  box  atuf  ihivf 
rounds,  where  the  American  Navy  had  been  boxing  mx,  and  a 
number  of  other  variations  in  rules,  he  had  d<nie  extremely  well, 
having  lost  but  a  single  bout,  and  that  by  heing  slightly  unt- 
pointm.  He  was  BtiD  nursing  a  black  eye  from  this  latter  con- 
test— in  which  his  sportsmanlike  conduct  no  less  than  his  clever- 
ness had  won  the  admiration  of  every  one  present — when  1 
asked  him  if  he  had  been  satisfied  with  uie  decision.  "  Poifickly." 
was  the  instant  reply.  "  He  had  too  much  steam  for  oie  from 
the  first  gong;  but  I'll  do  better  when  I've  woiked  oat  a  li'l* 
longer  to  go  the  three  'stead  o'  the  six  round  oourse.  Wot  do  1 
t'iuK  o'  the  British  as  sports  ?  Say,  they's  the  beet  ever.  They's 
more  than  just  gent'men.  They's  reg'lar  fellers,  take  it  from 
me,  and  wot  more  can  you  ask  than  wat?" 

If  the  Yankee  sailor  has  any  superlative  be3rond  **  regulai- 
feller "  to  apply  to  a  mate  who  has  met  with  his  approval.  1 
have  yet  to  learn  what  it  is. 

'  The  men  of  the  American  destroyers  and  submarinea,  work- 
ing more  by  themselves  than  the  battieships  with  the  Grand 
Fleet,  have  seen  rather  less  of  the  British  bluejacket  aod — with 
better  opportunities  for  London  leave — more  of  the  British 
civilians  than  their  mates  in  the  latter  units.  They  have  all 
found  much  to  entertain  and  interest  them  in  Livei^xwl,  Lon- 
don, Glasgow,  and  the  other  large  cities  they  have  visited.  They 
have  enjoyed  the  theaters  and  art  galleries,  and  are  vtrj  appr^- 
dative  of  the  various  canteens  that  have  been  provided  for  their 
comfort.  But  it  has  been  none  of  these  that  has  made  the 
greatest  appeal  to  them,  but  rather  thosfe  at  first  rare  but  now 
increasingly  frequent  visits  to  an  English  or  a  Soottiah  home. 
I  don't  mean  the  boat-on-the-river-with-band  and  the  tea-jiart}- 
on-the-lawn-of -some-ancestral-castle  kind  of  thing,  which  are  all 
very  well  as  far  as  they  go ;  but  rather  the  quiet,  unostenta- 
tious hospitality  of  a  British  home  of  somewhere  near  the 
same  class  as  the  visitor  comes  from  in  the  States.  This  kiud<^ 
kindness  has  gone  straight  to  the  heart.  The  Yankee  sailor  lad 
is  a  good  deal  more  of  a  "  mother's  boy  "  than  he  will  ever  anhoh 
to  any  one  save  possibly  some  other  boy's  mother,  and  I  havr 
heard  two  or  three  pretty  swaggery  young  "  gobs  "  speak  witi 
rather  more  than  asuggestionof  acatch  in  their  voices  of  thekiihl- 
ness  that  has  been  shown  them — of  the  things  they  have  seen 
and  heard  and  learned — in  one  of  these  visits  to  a  British  home 

One  day  a  quartermaster — his  folding  bed  was  triced  np 
next  to  mine  in  the  forward  torpedo-flat,  and  we  had  fallen  into 
the  habit  of  exchanging  confidences  in  the  long,  quiet  hours  U 
submergence — of  the  American  submarine  m  which  I  wv 
recentiy  out  on  its  regular  North  Atluitic  patxt)l  told  me  b<)« 
much  the  visit  he  had  been  privil^ed  to  make  to  a  little  £di;- 
lish  home  in  Liverpool  had  meant  to  him.  And  presently,  after 
a  pause,  as  though  the  thought  of  one  had  awakened  the  thought 
of  the  other  in  his  mind,  he  told  me  of  something  else  he  bad 
seen  on  one  of  his  leave  trips. 

"I  happened  to  be  in  Cork  for  a  few  hours  on  my  vt}  i 
through,    he  said.  "We  are  not  allowed  to  visit  theiv.  yw 

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CURRENT    EVENTS     ILLUSTRATED 


u 


Bcl|{i«u  V.  H.  A.  uthcUl  l'hotoirni>h  fnnn  irii>lFr»i><Ml  \  irntlerwnod 


THE  TRIUMPHAL  ENTRY  OK  KINO  ALBERT  ANU  QUEEN  ELIZABETH  OF  BELGIUM  INTO  BRUGES,  NOVEMBER  14 

The  King  and  Qnem,  aooompaiiied  by  Prince  Leopold,  the  heir  ■pparant,  are  aeeo  od  the  iteps  of  the  Town  Hall,  which  waa  •ntroimded  by  a  great  crowd  of 

dieeiuiK  citiieua.   Scenes  mmiUr  to  this  were  witnened  in  many  part*  of  Belgium,  whererer  the  King  and  Queen  appeared  among  the  loyal  Balgiana  whow 

heroism  withstood  the  initial  aaaaulU  of  German  militarism  on  the  freedom  of  the  world,  and  who  have  now  seen  their  ooontry's  libeiatioii 


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(C)  Undenruod  &  Undenrood 

A  "VICTOKY  PARADE"  SHOWING  ONE  OF  THE  MEN  WHO  (glOANIZED  VICTORY  AND  SOME  OF  THE  MEN  WHO  FOUGHT  FOR  IT 

Secretary  D»iii«lg,  at  the  left,  is  shaking  hands  with  one  of  the  sailor  boys  vho  was  "  over  there  "  and  was  wonnded,  while  one  of  his  mates,  similarly  disHngiiish«d. 

W  wniting  hif  tnm  to  greet  the  ijecretary  of  the  Navy 


Intematiunal  I-ilin  Service 


(C)  Underwi..i4  .Si  Underwood 


THE  EX-KAISER'S  RESIDENCE  IN  HOLLAND 

'I'liis  is  Midflachten  Castle  at  Amerongen,  where  the  former  War  Lord 

is  living  in  exile  iis  the  gnest  of  Connt  von  Bentinck,  under  guard  of  the 

Dutch  niilit.ii-y  authorities 


STONEHENGE  BECOMES  PUBLIC  PROPBKTV 
The  great  prehistoric  remains  at    Stonehenge,  England,  have   been  given  to  Of 
English  iienple  by  a  private  owner,  Mr.  Chnbb.  These  huge  monolitfas  are  an|i(>n«' 
to  have  been  made  by  the  Dmids 


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CALVIN  eOOLTOGE,  GOVERNOR-ELECT  OP  MASSACHUSETTS 

Ur.  CooHdge,  who  has  occupied  the  position  of  Lieutanaat-Governor,  wag  elected 

Governor  by  «  phnafit;  of  aboat  8,000,  defeating  Riobaid  H.  Long,  the  Democmtio 

candidate.  See  editorial  comment 


B  IlluttntinK  Service 

EBERT,  SOCIALIST  CHANCELLOR  OF  GERMANY 

EViedrich    Ebett   is  said  to  have  been  a  harness-maker ;    his 

genial  presence  and  native  ability  raised  him  to  the  position  of 

Vioe-Piesident  of  the  Social  Democratio  party 


r)  lAtcmatlonal  New,  Sct^ 

BINGEN  ON  THE  RHINE,  A  PICTURESQUE  TOWN  TO  BE  OCCUPIED,  IT  IS  ANNOUNCED,  BY  AMERICAN  SOLDIERS 

Biiig«B  is  probably  associated  in  the  minds  of  most  mature  Americans  with  the  well-known  poem  beKinning  "  A  soldier  of  the  lefpon  lay  dying  in  Algiers  "  (written 

by  aa  Englishwoman,  Caroline  E.  Norton) ;  it  is  better  known  to  the  younger  generatioa  through  a  popular  war  song — "  Bing,  bang,  bing  'era  on  the  Rhine  I"  Note 

the  terraces  on  the  oppusite  bank  of  the  river,  the  location  of  vioeyaids  from  whose  gmpes  some  of  the  celebrated  Rhine  wine  is  produced 


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11 


know,  for  fear  thafr^we  may  be- tempted  to  beat  np  a  few  Sinn  i 
Pein^wi )  Iwifc  if  we  aaa  laawoned  tfaiere  waiting  far  a  omineotioa 
there  is  noUunff  against  our  strolling  about  the  town.  Well, 
jnflt  at  (me  ena  of  the  main  bridge  across  the  River  Lee  they 
have  the  Stars  and  Stripes  and  the  Union  Jack  floating  side  by 
side  from  the  top  of  one  of  the  iron  poles  of  the  electric-car 
line.  I  daa't  know  whose  idea  it  was,  except  that  the  Sinn 
Feiners  had  nothing  to  do  with  it.  Now  the  ordinary  way  to 
iiave  handled  them  would  have  been  to  bend  each  flag  to  sepa- 
rate halyards  and  to  hoist  and  lower  independently.  But  some 
man  with  a  head  on  his  shoulders  (possibly  he  had  been  a  sailor) 
evidendy  had  the  run  of  the  show,  and  what  had  been  done  was 
this  :  Ijaking  two  croespieces,  he  had  bent  the  flags  to  the  two 
lines  joining  their  ends.   Then  a  single  halyard  rigged  to  run 


over  a  block  to  the  upper  crosspiece  hoisted  and  lowered  tk 
two  flags,  always  side  by  aide,  at  one  operation  WcJL,  ■««, 
looking  at  that,  it  chanced  that  I  seemed  to  see  somedung  mett 
than  a  very  neat  little  contrivance  for  saving  time  in  li»»MlKng  > 
couple  of  squares  of  colored  bunting.  It  seraned  to  me  Aat  it 
stood  for  a  sort  of  symbol  of  the  fact  that  the  Stars  and  Straws 
and  the  Union  Jack  are  being  rigged  to  fly  together  tar  a  good 
many  years ;  and  that  they  aren't  going  to  be  able  to  loww  one 
without  bringing  down  the  other. 

I  do  not  know  how  many  of  the  men  of  the  American  shipit 
at  the  Irish  bases  have  seen  that  particular  little  **  bontinr 
hoist,"  but  I  do  know  that  the  sentiment  my  young  submariD^ 
friend  read  into  it  finds  an  echo  in  the  breast  of  tactically 
every  one  of  them. 


THE  RETURNED  DISABLED  SOLDIER 

WHAT    OF  OUR   ATTITUDE    TOWARD    HIM? 
BY   GARRARD    HARRIS 

OF   THE   FEDERAL   BOARD    FOR    VOCATIONAL   EDUCATION 


IN  the  enactment  of  the  law  authorizing  the  vocational  re- 
education and  rehabilitation  of  disabled  soldiers  and  sailors 
Congress  felt  that  it  was  voicing  the  general  attitude  of  the 
people  of  this  B.^ublio,  who  believed  in  extending,  not  charity, 
but  a  chance,  to  the  men  who  lost  their  earning  capacity  and 
sacrificed  their  future  for  their  country's  good. 

Certainly  all  indications  were  that  this  conception  of  the 
public!  mind  was  the  correct  one ;  the  utterance  of  newspapers, 
magazines,  publicists,  from  every  section  and  region,  confirmed 
the  (Misition  takbn  by  our  National  lawmakers.  There  was  a 
remarkable  unanimity  of  opinion,  not  in  regard  to  the  precise 
method  to  be  adopttnl,  for  that  itself  has  l^n  largely  an  evo- 
lution, but  for  so  arranging  matters  that  the  very  best  and  most 
advantageous  things  (KMsible  to  be  done  for  the  disabled  men 
should  he  done. 

Acting  upon  this  ascertained  condition  of  the  public  mind, 
the  memoera  of  Congress  wrought  a  law  based  upon  the  broad 
wish  of  the  American  people,  but  intrusted  its  execntton  to  a 
eomnetent  ageooy  with  sumeieut  freedom  of  action  and  latitude 
in  wnieh  to  use  discretion,  and  to  take  advantage  of  improve- 
ments and  the  results  of  experience  both  at  home  and  abroad. 
The  only  fixed  and  definite  command  was  that  the  disabled  men 
were  to  have  the  best  advantages  obtainable  in  retraining,  and 
were  to  be  given  a  fair  cliaucw  to  make  good  in  the  lines  for 
which  they  have,  through  spetnalized  re-education,  been  qualified. 

At  all  times  the  success  of  the  nrogpramme  is  largely  depend- 
ent upon  the  aotive  and  sustained  interest  of  the  public,  and 
especially  in  the  final  realization  of  rraults.  The  public  mind 
is,  after  all,  but  the  composite  reflection  of  many  individual 
minds,  and  in  proportion  as  the  individual  intelligence  shines  is 
the  public  interest  bright  or  dim. 

This  influence  of  the  general  mind  and  its  consequent  effects 
upon  this  work  may  be  illustrated  by  the  case  of  a  badly 
injured  soldier  who  will  receive  a  pension  for  almost  totw 
(liNability,  say  between  $76  and  $100  per  month.  His  one  great 
desire  is  to  get  out  of  the  hospital  and  back  to  his  family.  He 
di>e8  not  respond  to  suggestions  from  the  vocational  adviser 
that  he  take  up  a  course  of  training  which  will  enable  him  to 
supplement  his  pension  and  probaUy  earn  as  much  or  more  in 
addition  to  it.  He  feels  that  he  has  ^^  done  his  bit,"  and  should 
not  be  expected  to  work  at  anything.  His  idea  is  to  settle  down 
and  exist  upon  the  pension  awarded  him.  If  he  learns  through 
the  public  prints,  from  visitors,  from  people  he  meets,  from 
relatives  and  others  interested  in  him,  diat  his  conception  Ls 
wliollv  wrong,  that  he  is  running  counter  to  public  opinion, 
and  that,  notwithstanding  his  grievous  condition,  as  long  as  he 
has  life  and  a  measure  of  potential  ability  he  has  duties  of 
citizenship,  he  will  imdoubt^ly  be  amenable  to  reason. 

If  he  learns  that  the  unanimous  verdict  is  that  he  is  a  "  quit- 
ter "  because  he  has  dropped  the  fine  spirit  of  the  brave  soldier  to 
l)eoome  a  querulous,  complaining,  utterly  idle  pensioner,  refus- 
ing to  make  the  most  of  nis  remaining  capabihties,  indifferent 


alike  to  his  dependents,  his  community,  and  himself,  very  shanie 
will  overcome  his  selfish  and  narrow  conception  and  cause  him 
to  follow  that  course  best  for  himself  and  his  community. 

Or  else  the  temptation  is  gr^t  to  go  into  some  immediate.^ 
sinecure  job,  offered  in  the  flood-tide  of  patriotism  and  while  th; 
war  spirit  is  high.  These  things  pass  to  some  extent.  In  tk 
long  and  lean  after  years  of  peace,  when  the  fight  is  transferretl 
from  the  fields  of  France  and  Flanders  to  the  sniping  warfarr 
for  daily  existence,  what  of  the  incapacitated  man  who  camial 
render  value  received  in  some  particular  line — he  who  h» 
nothing  but  an  empty  sleeve  or  scarred  body  or  disease-racked 
system — can  he  survive  economically?  Manifestly  not  in  tk 
race  with  an  expert  in  a  particular  Une,  created  out  of  a  siiiu- 
larly  disabled  man  by  vocational  retraining.  The  man  with  »< 
expert  knowledge  of  anything  is  at  a  tremendous  disadvantagr. 
Inevitably,  in  course  of  time  he  will  be  compelled  to  fall  fawk 
upon  his  relatives  or  the  public  for  support.  The  man  must  be 
made  to  see  this  and  realize  it  as  the  public  realizes  it,  and  tlw 
time  to  make  him  see  it  is  before  he  leaves  the  hospital  and 
becomes  a  "  drifter  "  in  civil  life. 

The  result  will  be  that,  instead  of  a  pensioned  idler,  the  aiai 
becomes  a  highly  trained  workman,  earning  good  wages.  Hii 
family  will  not  si^er  bv  reason  of  an  inadequate  income  suNilied 
only  by  the  pension ;  they  are  comfortably  supported  and  hvii^ 
under  proper  conditions.  His  children  are  not  compelled  at  la 
early  age  to  find  employment  with  which  to  eke  out  the  familj 
revenue,  thereby  jeopardizing  their  education  and  prospects  ^ 
the  right  mental  training  to  insure  a  fair  chance  in  life's  stn^- 
gle.  He  is  a  respected  member  of  his  community — one  who  hai 
brought  to  the  problems  and  battles  of  daily  existence  his  exp^ 
rience  in  other  battles,  his  ability  to  command  himself  aai 
overcome  his  inclination  to  a  life  of  pensioned  idleness. 

So  much  for  the  effect  of  the  public  mind  upon  the  disabini 
individual,  acting  as  a  spur  to  lus  manhood,  his  consci«ice.  a*) 
his  sense  of  duty.  This  is  the  first  and  primary  result.  It  as 
be  achieved,  however,  only  where  the  public  nund  goes  ftutfart 
than  the  mere  urging  and  advising  of  the  soldier.  It  must  be 
more  than  a  lip-service,  and  never  be  tainted  with  the  oaai» 
scending  attitude  of  a  superior.  The  public  view  must  be  «>»- 
tallized  into  a  consistent  course  of  conduct,  which  for  tfaov 
individuals  affected  in  the  general  mass  should  he  as  ahaipl) 
defined  and  certain  as  it  is  in  regard  to  the  soldier  himadf. 

The  public  mind — that  is  to  say,  the  local  oommmntyBoail- 
must  focus  upon  what  the  disabled  man  can  do.  aaii  b«C» 
usually  inclined,  upon  what  he  cannot  do.  It  is  best  to  eeir 
r^^rding  him  in  terms  of  disability,  but  to  visualiae  and  tff^ 
ciate  his  remaining  capacities,  which  are  often,  by  iieii  ■  W 
specialized  education  and  development,  vastly  mote  valaahlrto 
him  than  those  he  lost.  We  do  not  judge  a  man's  wedk  •( 
ability  in  a  given  line  by  the  color  of  his  eym  or  Idr. 
why  should  we  persist  in  regarding  as  an  incapable  mii  m 
object  of  seini-charity  a  man  who  oas  lost  his  legs  bnt  Is 

Digitized  by  VJWVJV  IV^ 


I«IS 


THE   OUTLOOK 


59S 


wen  trained,  say,  as  a  tailor  ?  A  taUor  does  not  sew  with  his 
feet  The  presenoe  or  absence  of  feet  has  nothing  to  do  with 
frhit  the  man  is  aotnally  able  to  accomplish  with  nis  arms  and 
hands.  And  so  on  through  a  long  list  of  disabilities. 

Nor  should,  on  the  other  hand,  a  man  be  put  down  as  a 
naligner  or  impostor  because  he  bears  no  visible  evidence  of 
fiolent  injury.  Up  to  October,  1918,  thir^-six  per  cent  of  the 
ilairas  for  pensions  presented  to  the  War  Risk  Insurance 
Bureau  were  for  tubeivulosis  contracted  or  developed  in  service. 
[s  a  man  with  arrested  or  persistent  tuberculosis,  contracted 
n  a  foul  hole  burrowed  in  a  trench  wall,  or  when  herded  in 
nrracks,  any  less  to  be  respected  than  the  man  who  has  merely 
ost  an  arm?  Ihe  menace  of  the  insidious  disease  is  never 
mtirely  removed.  A  lessening  of  vitality — and  it  has  pounced 
ipon  him  like  the  lurking  cougar  from  the  limb  over  the  path ; 
irnereas  merely  lacerated  flesh  and  bone  soon  heal  and  are  done 
rith.  A  man  with  tuberculosis  may  be  prevented  from  retum- 
ng  to  his  well-paid  place  as  bookkeeper,  his  office,  or  his  indoor 
lade,  and  forced,  in  order  to  live,  to  take  up  the  growing  and 
'ending  of  v^etables,  or  raising  chickens,  or  small  farming.  It 
ill  goes  to  show  that  appearances,  the  great  superficial  Ameri- 
an  standard  (and  curse)  of  the  past,  are  utterly  worthless. 

It  is  quite  conceivable  also  that  the  expert  tailor  may  not  be 
\  good  hand  at  pushing  his  business,  and  his  lack  of  l^s  may 
le  a  handicap  to  him  in  promoting  his  trade.  It  is  in  r^lizing 
his  and  neutralizing  it  that  the  public  can  render  patriotic 
ervice  by  giving  him  preference.  Or  the  poor  fellow  who  is 
rying  to  dispose  of  his  v^etables  may  not  be  able  to  grade 
hem  as  exactly  or  prepare  t£em  for  the  market  as  attractively  as 
bflse  in  the  greengrocers'  establishments,  from  long-established 
irms  where  there  is  ample  experienceid  labor  and  the  fine 
oints  of  getting  the  goods  on  the  market  are  an  old  story,  but 
ne  which  the  disabled  soldier  has  to  learn.  Is  it  asking  too 
inch  of  the  housewives  to  give  his  vegetables  the  preference  ? 
Lnd  so  on  down  the  line.  Tnese  men  do  not  want  charity — all 
bey  want  is  a  chance.  Are  we  not  going  to  give  it  to  them  and 
e^  it  up  as  long  as  is  necessary  ? 

We  as  a  people  are  much  given  to  fine  fervors  of  enthusiasm, 
^e  commit  ourselves  to  a  course,  and  order  this  or  that  done 
1  furtherance  of  it.  We'  continue  our  lively  interest  for  a 
hile,  but  as  the  novelty  palls  we  pass  on  to  other  things, 
agiiely  assuming  that  what  we  have  decreed  or  commanded 
ill  be  self-executing  and  somehow  or  in  some  way  will  f unc- 
on  according  to  our  desires  and  aims.  Frequently  we  are 
locked  to  ascertain  afterwards  that  something  has  happened 
)  prevent  the  realization.  The  net  result  usually  is  that  we  look 
ir  a  scapegoat,  quite  forgetting  or  overlooking  the  fact  that 
le  responsibilit;^  is  upon  us,  the  people,  individiuilly  and  collect- 
'dy ;  we  minimize  the  fact  that,  oecause  of  over-optimism,  over- 
mfidence,  lack  of  attention,  and  failure  to  cultivate  a  system- 
3c  interest,  our  original  ambitions  have  been  frustrated. 
The  average  citizen  would  indignantly  deny  the  assertion  that 
}  will  abate  his  interest  in  the  welfare  of  the  disabled  soldiers 
*  fail  to  be  at  all  times  the  advocate  and  champion  of  these 
en.  Yet  it  is  hardly  a  matter  of  controversy  that  he  will 
loonscionsly  allow  his  interest  to  become  dormant  in  course  of 
me,  and  depend  more  or  less  upon  others  for  leadership  and 
!tion  in  proving  faith  by  the  more  substantial  and  visible 
orks.  It  IS  just  this  sort  of  easy-going  optimism  that  we  must 
lard  against,  for  in  the  lessening  of  vigilant  and  individual 
terest  community  effectiveness  suffers.  In  the  weakening  of 
le  Ivcal  community  standard  the  whole  rehabilitation  pro- 
■amme  begins  to  disintegrate.  The  foundation  upon  which 
«  National  Government  naa  sought  to  build  a  permanent  citsr 
il  of  refuse  for  its  disabled  fighting  men  is  proved  insecure, 
resently  we  new  walls  of  the  edifice  are  crumming,  leaving  the 
bole  a  melancholy  monument  to  justice  unsustained — good 
tentions  which  failed  by  reason  of  indifference  and  lack  of 
dividual  appreciation  of  responsibility. 

This  individual  interest  must  be  directe<l  toward  all  those 
bo  can  possibly  be  brought  in  contact  with  the  injured  re- 
ained  men.  Employers  of  labor  must  be  made  to  feel  the 
9ffiltt  of  public  conviction  which  holds  them  under  moral  obli- 
^<m  to  open  their  sho^  or  factories  to  disabled  men  who 
ay  be  qualified  for  their  particular  line  of  work.  Those  em- 
oyera,  if  any  there  be,  who  would  seek  to  exploit  the  disabled 


through  discrimination  in  wages  for  work  as  ^ood  as  that  of 
iminjured  men,  or  otherwise,  should  be  smitten  with  the 
scorpion  lash  of  public  scorn  and  condemnation.  If  possible 
the  goods  of  such  should  be  boycotted,  the  offender  made  to 
feel  himself  a  pariah  indeed,  his  name  anathema  and  a  warning 
to  others  who  would  coin  the  disadvantages  or  helplessness  of 
these  disabled  men  who  are  putting  up  a  orave  fight  to  sustain 
themselves  as  civilians.  Similarly,  the  employers  who  give  a 
fair  chance  and  a  square  deal  to  the  retrained  men  should  lie 
sustained  by  public  opinion,  and  the  more  substantial  evidence 
of  approval  accorded.  The  disabled  man  who  has  been  retrained 
and  set  up  in  business  for  himself — the  shoemaker,  cabinet  and 
furniture  maker,  tinsmith,  tailor,  market  gardener,  poultrymau, 
dairyman,  and  the  like,  should  be  given  a  preference  in  patron- 
age where  either  workmanship  or  quality  is  equal — and  it  is 
to  be  presumed  that  these  men  will  be  as  good  in  their  partic- 
ular lines  as  any  others,  the  re-educational  aim  of  the  Federal 
Board  being  to  produce  competent  men  only. 

In  other  words,  the  people  who  have  remained  at  home  back- 
ing up  the  armies  with  money  and  munitions  should  feel  a  keen 
comradeship  with  the  soldiers  from  the  front,  for  they  &ve  in 
fact  and  in  truth  all  soldiers  in  a  glorious  common  cause,  each 
serving  according  to  his  or  her  ability  and  fitness.  The  child 
who  has  saved  and  denied  himself  or  herself  purchasable  de- 
lights and  invested  the  fruits  of  that  denial  in  Thrift  Stamps  is 
as  truly  a  soldier  as  the  man  who  fired  toward  Berlin  cartridges 
bought  with  the  savings  of  that  child  !  Each  serves  according 
to  his  capabilities. 

Our  non-uniformed  soldiers  who  have  served  to  the  best  of 
their  capacity  should  feel  at  one  with  the  man  from  the  front. 
Toward  the  disabled  soldier  they  should  feel  only  that  he  has 
by  fortunate  circumstances  been  able  to  give  more,  to  give  of 
his  very  self  and  blood  instead  merely  of  his  possessions  or  a 
lesser  service.  When  he  was  wounded  and  helpless,  lying  in  No 
Man's  Laud,,  slowly  perishing,  for  want  of  aasistwioe,  his  com- 
rades risked  a  thousand  forms  of  death  and  brought  him  back 
to  safety.  They  did  it  unselfishly,  gladly,  and  as  a  privil^e. 
They  needed  no  orders,  no  suggestions,  no  exhortation.  It  was 
the  spontaneous  feeling  of  comradeship,  the  esprit  du  corps,  the 
instant  recognition  of  brotherhood  in  a  common  cause  and  duty 
beyond  mere  regulations.  The  menace  of  death  itself  could  not 
hold  them  back  ;  the  thought  of  self  was  as  base  as  the  bloody 
mud  about  their  feet.  It  was  a  sublime  privilege  to  make  the 
sacrifice,  if  need  be — an  exaltation  of  spirit  and  a  transcending 
of  the  command,  *'  Love  thy  neighbor  as  thyself,"  for  no  man 
would  have  voluntarily  gone  out  into  that  Golgotha  on  a  mis- 
sion of  his  own. 

So  it  is  the  duty  of  the  soldiers  who  have  fought  the  goo<l 
fight  here  at  home,  whether  by  sweating  under  the  blazing  sun 
to  see  that  the  armies  were  fed,  or  by  denying  themselves  aiid 
furnishing  funds,  or  by  more  direct  form  of  service,  to  cultivate 
that  same  conception  of  oneness  with  the  fighting  man,  that 
readiness  to  stand  by  him  and  for  him,  to  rescue  him  and  aid 
him  in  disaster,  to  march  side  by  side  with  him  in  &ir  weather 
as  in  foul.  The  disabled  man  who  is  putting  up  a  glorious 
fight  against  adverse  circumstances  must  not  be  allowed  to 
perish  out  in  the  No  Man's  Land  of  selfish  indifference  hei-e 
at  home.  We  must  be  as  ready  for  rescue  as  the  powder- 
grimed,  bloody  fighters  were  in  the  advanced  trenches.  We 
have  no  bullets  to  face,  no  shells,  no  mines ;  but  the  enemy 
barbed-wire  entanglements  of  selfishness,  the  insidious  poison 
gas  of  indifference,  we  must  fight  across  and  over  and  under 
and  against  every  day — a  Hindenburg  line  it  is  given  to  few 
of  us  to  smash  utterly. 

Such  should  be  the  attitude  toward  the  disabled  man.  He  is 
our  brother,  our  more  privilegeil  comrade  and  proxy,  the  man 
to  whom  was  given  the  power  and  the  glory  of  doing  on  the 
actual  battlefield  what  each  of  us  iu  his  heart  fervently  wished 
he  could  do.  We  should  not  overwhelm  him  with  ill-considere*! 
adulation  for  a  while  and  then  forget  him,  nor  turn  his  head 
with  flattery  for  having  done  his  duty ;  but  there  shoiUd  be 
that  brotherly  recognition  accorded  him  which  is  deeper  and 
more  lasting  than  the  mere  enthusiastic  acclaim  given  return- 
ing suocessful  warriors  to  the  home  and  headquarters  of  the 
r^  Grand  Army  of  the  Republic,  in  which  every  loyal  citizen 
is  upon  the  muster  rolls  I  ^  j 

Digitized  by  VjOOQIC 


596 


THE   OUTLOOK 


11  Dec^mba 


"SOMETHING   IN  THE   AIR 

BY  WILLIAM   L.  STIDGER 


THE  gendarmes  from  the  French 
police  ,  stations  came  rushing  into 
the  mess-room  at  headquarters,  yell- 
ing and  gesticulating. 

We  couldn't  understand  enoueh  French 
to  know  what  was  the  matter,  out  some- 
body guessed  that  they  were  excited  be- 
cause our  lights  were  burning  and  shining 
out  through  the  windows  when  an  air  raid 
was  on. 

"  Guess  I  do  remember  of  having  heard 
that  old  tocsin  about  ten  minutes  ago," 
one  man  said,  nonchalantly. 

"  And  I  heard  the  siren  about  an  hour 
ago,  I  should  say.  I  thought  the  blamed 
raid  was  over !" 

The  reason  why  we  had  thought  the  raid 
was  over  was  that  at  the  first  eJarm  one  of 
the  men  in  the  room  had  sat  down  at  the 
piano  just  after  supper  and  had  started 
playing  the  old-time  songs.  First  he  played 
"  Annie  Laurie,"  and  the  crowd  sang  them- 
selves hoarse  on  this.  Tlien  came  "  Old 
Black  Joe"  and  "My  Old  Kentucky 
Home,"  and  finally  "  Love's  Old  Sweet 
Song,"  over  and  over  and  over  again. 
That  crowd  of  twenty  dirty,  muddy  men 
had  forgotten  that  there  was  an  air  raid. 
They  did  not  even  know  the  thing  that  the 
gendarmes  knew  and  everybody  ebe  in 
town — tliat  a  bomb  had  dropped  on  this 
street  while  they  were  singmg  and  had 
shattered  a  house  into  bits. 

"  Come  on.  Doc ;  it's  •  down  the  line ' 
a^ain  for  us  to-night,"  said  the  big  husky 
with  whom  I  worked. 

I  felt  like  complaining.  Three  trips  down 
the  line  in  one  day  I  thought  was  enough 
for  ordinary  human  beings  to  be  asked  to 
take,  and  then  to  add  a  niglit  trip  with  the 
probabilities  of  not  getting  back  until  two 
m  the  morning  to  the  sum  total  of  an 
already  full  day's  work' seemed  a  bit  heavy 
to  me.  But  here  was  a  man  much  older 
than  I  bucking  up  to  it  with  a  smile,  and 
his  smile  was  contagious. 

Before  I  knew  it  we  were  lumbering  out 
of  the  town  in  our  great  truck,  glidlne  along 
the  heavily  burdened  French  roads  with 
our  truck  full  of  provisions  for  the  lads 
down  at  M ,  our  front-line  hut. 

This  hut  was  built  down  under  the 
g^und  in  the  cellar  of  an  old  stone  house. 
All  but  the  cellar  had  long  since  been  shelled 
away  by  the  Boche's  batteries,  and  every 
day  he  tried' to  get  this  cellar,  but  it  seemed 
to  bear  a  charmed  life.  The  night  was 
beautiful  and  the  sky  was  full  of  stars. 

"  Great  night  for  an  air  raid  along  this 
road.  Tlie  Boche  would  like  to  get  that 
train  of  supplies  going  there,  for  instance," 
the  big  man  beside  me  said,  with  a  com- 
forting grin. 

"  Or  that  ammunition  dump  over  there  in 
the  field,"  he  added,  and  I  looked  to  where 
he  pointed  and  saw,,  under  a  camouflage 
covering  of  green,  moss-like  material  that 
from  airplanes  looks  like  green  grass — 

"  Bang !"  a  roar  greeted  my  astonished 
ears  and  a  flare  of  light  shot  into  the  sky, 
lighting  it  up  as'  if  day  had  suddenly  burst 
on  the  earth.  The  one  tlung  that  I  thought 
of  for  the  next  ten  minutes  was  the  steel 
iniUs  at  Pittsburgh  with  the  blast-furnaces 
in  full  tUt  and  great  molten  streams  of 
metal  flowing  here  and  there.  A  Boche 
shell  had  struck  the  very  ammunition 
dump  toward  which  our  attention  had  been 
attracted, , and  there  was  considerable  cele- 
bration jiist  there  for  a  few  minutes.    For- 


tunately for  us,  the  shell  had  struck  in  one 
corner  of  the  dump  and  had  set  only  tlie 
Verey  lights  and  rockets  off.  No  shells 
had  exploded. 

I  think  that  we  made  about  sixty  miles 
an  hour  on  high  for  the  next  ten  minutes. 
We  both  seemed  to  have  an  instinctive  and 
unanimous  desire  to  eet  away  from  that 
ammunition  dump.  "  T(mt  de  suite,"  as  the 
French  say — at  once — right  away  quick. 
We  seldom  agreed  unanimously  on  any- 
thing, but  that  driver  and  I  didn't  even 
have  to  put  it  to  a  vote  that  evening.  We 
were  unanimous  on  that  particular  question 
of  getting  away  from  that  particular  place 
in  quite  a  short  interval  of  time ;  the  shorter 
the  better. 

"  Wow !  That's  a  good  way  to  start  the 
trip !"  Tom  said  with  a  g^rin  when  we  had 
slowed  down. 

"  It  promises  well." 

There  seemed  to  be  something  in  the  air 
that  night.  I  do  not  mean  this  literally. 
There  was  always  something  in  the  iur 
down  on  the  Toul  lines  in  those  days.  One 
could  look  up  night  or  day  and  see  a  great 
observation  balloon  hoverine  against  the 
sky.  One  could  see  it  pulled  down  to  its 
restine-place  or  raised  to  its  post  fre- 
quentfy  as  he  drove  "down  the  line." 
One  could  see  tiie  crowds  of  French  ofiicers 
standing  below  watching  the  Boche  planes 
trying  to  ram  this  balloon,  and  the  French 
planes  fighting  them  off,  almost  any  day. 
One  could  look  up  as  he  drove  the  big 
truck  along  and  see  patrolling  French 
planes  by  dozens  humming  overhead,  and 
often  he  could  see  the  Boche  planes,  mere 
specks  in  the  sky,  make  dashes  over  the 
hues  on  their'  errands  of  mischief  and 
death.  One  could  follow  them  by  tlie  little 
puffballs  of  white  smoke — "  tracers  " — that 
the  anti-aircraft  guns  sent  up  to  follow  the 
flight  and  make  it  easier  to  hit  them  with 
the  shrapnel. 

Sometimes  one  could  be  lying  on  top  of  a 
new  hut  under  construction,  as  some  of 
our  men  were  doing  one  day,  watching  a 
battle  overhead  between  the  American- 
French  and  Boche  planes. 

It  is  a  thrilling  sight  to  see.  The  first  in- 
timation one  usually  has  of  an  air  battle  is 
the  sound  of  the  anti-aircraft  guns  over- 
head. Then  all  eyes  are  strained  upward. 
If  glasses  are  at  hand,  there  is  a  sudden 
excumation,  "  There  they  are — the  Boche 
planes — away  over  there  where  the  shrapnel 
IS  breaking !  for  the  Boche  planes  always 
fly  high,  like  mere  specks  against  the  sky. 

It  i&  an  exciting  fifteen  minutes  as  our 
anti-aircraft  guns  belch  away,  and  once  in 
a  whije  we  hear  a  piece  of  shrapnel  fall 
near  at  hand.  Then  suddenly  some  one  ex- 
claims :  «  He's  hit !  The  Boche  is  hit !  He's 
falling,  by  George !" 

"  Where  ?"  everybody  cries,  excitedly. 

"  Over  there — can't  you  see  ? — to  the  east 
of  that  little  group  of  smoke  patches.  He's 
falling  fast  r 

Then  there  is  a  straining  of  eyes,  a 
shifting  of  field-glasses.  The  Boche  is  so 
high  that  even  though  he  is  falling  fast  he 
cannot  be  seen  with  the  naked  eye. 

Then,  when  the  excitement  is  at  its 
height,  he  is  visible  to  the  naked  eye,  his 
machine  in  flames,  falling  like  a  rocket 
straight  to  the  earth  witliin  our  lines. 

Lying  on  their  backs  on  the  top  of  a  new 
hut,  sewing  on  the  canvas,  three  secretaries 
watch  him  fall.   They  have  stopped  work 


for  this  event.  It  is  worth  it.  Down,  dovm. 
down,  over  the  brow  of  that  little  hill,  th* 
Boche  plane,  wrapped  in  flames,  falls,  likr 
a  shooting  star  consuming  itself  as  it  falU 
There  is  a  scurrying  over  the  hill  by 
American  .  soldiers.  A  few  minates  lat«r 
they  come  back  with  the  report  that  du 
plane  fell  inside  the  German  Iine«>,  out  in 
No  Man's  Land,  where  it  lies  burning  to 
cinders,  the  body  of  the  aviator  strapped  to 
the  seat  of  the  plane,  a  blackened,  charred 
mass  of  humanity.  He  will  never  soar  into 
the  blue  again  on  his  errand  of  death. 

Then  one  may  see  almost  any  time  great 
dirigibles  .sailing  serenely  but  surely  along 
the  horizon.  "  There's  always  something 
in  the  air,"  I  said  to  Tom. 

"Yes;  but  I  don't  mean  what  yoa 
mean." 

"  What  do  you  mean  ?'  I  asked. 

"  Why,  they  captured  a  German  deserter 
last  night,  and  he  says  that  the  big  drive 
is  to  start  this  evening  in  this  sector ;  and  if 
it  does  we'll  be  down  there  right  in  it  all 
right,  all  right,  ole  boy  !" 

I  can't  say  that  I  thought  that  tfiat  ww 
any  great  joy  to  be  looked  forward  to,  bot 
I  kept  my  thoughts  to  myself. 

For  there  was  something  in  the  air, 
figuratively  speaking,  that  night.  We  could 
feel  it  as  we  drove  the  great  truck  along. 

In  the  first  place,  overhead  the  air 
seemed  to  be  full  of  observation  baUooiu 
and  scouting  planes.  AU  the  American  and 
French  plaiies  available  seemed  to  be  op. 
The  whole  horizon  was  lighted  up  Uke 
daylight  with  Vereys  and  bursting  shells 
and  range-finding  lights.  It  looked  like 
Broadway  in  its  heyday  off  to  our  right 
as  we  drove  down. 

We  had  never  seen  traffic  heavier  than 
it  was  that  night  on  the  French  road.  A 
great  ammunition  train  was  hurrying  along 
the  road.  Back  of  this  train  rumbled  sev- 
eral truck-loads  of  boys  "  going  in."  Then 
there  was  a,great  supply  tram  that  stretched 
back  along  the  road  tor  miles.  When  w« 
got  to  the  divisional  headquarters  town 
we  saw  a  line  of  ambulances — some  two 
hundred  of  them — lined  up  along  the  road 
waiting  for  orders. 

"I  tell  you,  there's  something  big  in  the 
Mr  to-night,"  Tom  muttered  as  he  put  on 
more  gas. 

Officers  shot  past  us  on  (heir  fleet-footed 
horses  bound  "  down  the  line."  There  seemed 
to  be  anxious  looks  on  their  faces  as  they 
rode  by,  glancing  at  us.  Motorcycles  flashed 
by  like  streaks  in  tlie'night  on  their  impor- 
tant errands. 

Sentries  seemed  unusually  cautious  that 
night. 

Their  sudden,  sharp,  and  always  startliDg 
"  Halt !"  seemed  to  snoot  out  at  us  at  every 
turn.  We  were  questioned  closely  at  every 
cross-roads  and  every  turn  as  to  where  we 
were  going,  what  we  were  carryii^,  aad 
when  we  would  be  back. 

"  I  tell  you,  there's  something  in  the  air  T 
said  Tom,  and  he  "  stepped  on  ner  "  agaia 
I  was  afraid  that  we  would  be  arrested  br 
a  sentry  for  speeding. 

"  Halt !"  rang  out  again,  but  we  did  not 
hear  it. 

We  did,  however,  hear  a  rifle-ball  that 
whizzed  past  our  ears,  and  after  that  it 
didn't  take  Tom  long  to  stop  the  big  ma- 
chine. 

"Why  didn't  you  stop  when  I  chal- 
lenged 'f '  the  sentry  yeUed  at  lu,  a  bit 
peeved,  and  rightly  so. 

"  The  truck  was  making  so  much  noise  I 
didn't  hear  you,"  Tom  replied. 

"  Well,  you  fellows  come  along.  I  hate 

Digitized  by  \J\^»^V  IV^ 


1918 


THE   OUTLOOK 


597 


to  arrest  a  Y.  M.  C.  A.  guy,  but  orders  is 
strict  to-night." 

In  a  few  minutes  we  were  facing  the 
major.  He  looked  at  us  severely,  ques- 
tioned us,  and  heard  our  explanation. 

He  reprimanded .  us  for  not  listening 
more  carefully,  and  then  turned  to  the 
soldier  and  saidi  "You  may  go,  boy.  I 
can't  blame  you  this  time  for  not  hitting 
them.  You  did  vour  best,  and  if  s  a  dark 
night." 

>Vhether  or  not  he  was  joking  we  didn't 
stop  to  inquire,  but  we  kept  a  slurp  ear  the 
rest  of  the  night,  and  as  we  passed  out  of 
the  major's  ofEice  once  again  Tom  said, 
"  I  tell  you,  there's  something  in  the  air. 
Doc!" 

And  sure  enough  he  was  right.  He  had 
hardly  spoken  before  a  great  shell  from  tlie 
German  batteries  on  the  hills  to  our  right 
whined  like  a  crying  child  over  our  heads 
on  its  way  back  to  the  American  batteries 
which  were  to  our  left.  Tlie  road  at  this 
point  was  down  the  center  of  a  triangle, 
with  the  Boche  lines  on  one  side  of  the  tri- 
angle an<l  tlie  American  lines  on  the  other. 
The  shells  from  both  batteries  then  began 
to  whine  over  us — high  in  the  air,  to  be  sure, 
but  over  us,  just  the  same.  It  seemed  that 
thousands  of  tliem  were  being  exchanged. 
It  sounded  like  a  north  wmd  blowing 
around  the  comer  of  an  old  barn  for  a  halt- 
hoar.  Then  off  in  tlie  distance  a  deep,  dull 
tliud  followed  each  whine.  It  was  the 
weirdest  sound  I  ever  heard.  Then,  to  add 
to  the  comfort  of  the  situation,  an  old 
Frenchman  got  ahead  of  us  with  an  ox- 
team  drawing  a  big  cart.  He  planted  him- 
self right  in  the  middle  of  the  road.  We 
were  not  permitte<l  to  use  our  horns.  Then 
a  dull  thud  near  at  hand,  and  we  knew  that 
a  gas  shell  had  struck  dangerously  near. 
\Ve  stopped  the  machine  and  adjusted  our 
gas  masks. 

After  this  Tom  put  more  gas  on  and  we 
speeded  up.  We  didn't  like  that  canopy  of 
sitells  over  our  heads.  One  might  drop  out 
of  the  arch  any  time  like  a  ^eat  stone. 
Then  again  we  came  to  the  Trenchman 
leisurely  driving  along  in  the  middle  of  the 
road. 

We  couldn't  toot  our  horns,  and  now 
that  we  had  our  gas  masks  on  we  couldn't 
even  argue.  The  Frenchman  seemed  utterly 
oblivious  to  the  fact  that  the  shells  were 
whining  overhead.  Evidently  he  was  usetl 
to  this  evening  "  strafing."  He  didn't  move 
one  bit  faster,  and  so  for  lialf  a  mile  we 
bad  to  drive  along  behind  his  slow  ox- 
teiun. 

That  was  the  longest  half-hour  I  ever 
put  in.  The  saliva  ran  out  of  my  mouth, 
wliat  I  couldn't  swallow  with  the  teeth-grip 
of  the  mask  occupying  most  of  my  month, 
and  the  sweat  ran  down  over  my  face.  I 
never  felt  so  much  like  downright  murder 
in  all  my  life.  I  could  have  seen  a  Boche 
bomb  drop  on  that  Frenchman's  head  with- 
out a  quiver  of  pity.  The  road  was  already 
pockea  with  shell-holes,  and  into  these 
from  time  to  time  we  bumpe<l.  I  liave  no 
recollection  of  any  place  in  all  my  life  out 
of  which  I  was  so  anxious  to  get  and  out  of 
which  I  was  getting  so  slowly.  I  thought 
of  those  old  boyhood  dreams  where  one  is 
climbing  a  great  steep  liiU  with  the  Indians 
after  him  and  something  seems  to  be  hold- 
ing his  feet  back.  That  was  the  way  we 
both  felt  on  that  road  with  the  Frenchman 
ill  front  of  us. 

Two  boys  jumped  on  our  truck  going 
into  the  line.  One  boy  told  of  a  half-dozen 
Americans  who  had  been  killed  by  a  shel 
at "  Dead  Man's  Curve  "  a  half-hour  before. 


That  was  encouragring,  for  we  were  just 
approaching  "  Dead  Man's  Curve  "  with 
that  Frenchman  in  front  of  us. 

"  One  guy  got  killed  and  the  other  had 
his  head  blowed  off,"  one  of  the  lads  said 
to  me. 

"What  happened  to' the  one  who  had 
his '  head  blowed  off '  ?"  I  asked,  for  even  in 
our  desperation  the  boy's  way  of  putting 
the  news  amused  me — "  one  got  killed  and 
the  other  had  his  head  blowed  off."  "  I 
think  I'd  just  as  soon  get  killed  myself  as 
have  my  head  blown  on." 

Then  we  all  laughed.  But  it  was  a  laugh 
tempered  by  the  consciousness  that  one  of 
tliose  whining  shells  over  our  heads  might 
drop  out  of  the  procession  any  time  into 
our  pathway.  But  the  Frenchman  ahead 
of  us  plugged  leisurely  on. 

Some  who  read  this  story  will  wonder 
why  we  did  not  drive  around  the  ox-team. 
There  were  two  very  good  reasons. 

These  two  good  reasons  were  four-foot 
ditches  on  either  side  of  the  road  over 
which  we  were  driving,  into  one  of  which 
we  had  bojanded  one  night  out  of  a  shell- 
hole  and  worked  all  nigtit  to  get  the  ma- 
chine out  again.  No,  we  didn  t  have  any 
intention  at  all,  at  all,  of  going  around  the 
Frenchman.  We  were  going  to  keep  right 
on  behind  him  as  long  as  he  held  out 

Tom  began  to  swear  a  blue  streak.  He 
cursed  Fi-ance  in  general  for  being  so 
leisurely,  for  taking  two  hours  off  in  the 
middle  of  the  day  for  "  soup,"  for  a  lot  of 
things  that  didn't  fit  in  with  his  American 
notion  of  the  way  of  doing  things,  and  he 
cursed  that  particular  Frenchman  in  very 
positive  and  eloquent  language.  When  he 
was  throu^  and  had  turned  to  me,  I  said  : 

"  Yes,  Tom,  *  there's  something  in  the 
air '  to-night  all  right,  and  it's  blue." 

Then  we  both  had  a  good  laugh,  in  spite 
of  our  danger. 

One  of  Uie  boys  who  had  climbed  up  to 
gret  a  ride  said,  "  No  swearin'  for  me  after 
what  I  escaped  to-night." 

I  asked  him  what  ne  had  escaped. 

He  said :  "  I  was  with  tliat  gang  at  the 
'  Curve,'  and  I  saw  the  guy  beside  me  lose 
his  head.  Just  like  that:  slam,  bang, 
whoop !  and  it  was  off !  I  had  been  talkin' 
to  him  at  the  time,  and  it  certainly  made 
me  feel  funny  when  I  came  to  from  the 
shock." 

Then  he  paused  a  few  minutes  as  we 
rumbled  along  behind  the  Frenchman,  and 
added  :  "  It  wasn't  my  time  to  die.  I  guess 
the  Lord  is  going  to  give  me  a  chance  to 
get  a  Dutch  or  two.  He  didn't  bring  me 
over  here  for  nothing." 

Then  a  side  road  came,  and  we  saw,  with 
a  sigh  of  reUef,  the  Frenchman  turn  out 
From  that  on,  in  spite  of  shell-holes,  wq 
made  about  thirty  miles  an  hour.  It  was 
like  "  shooting  the  chutes  "  at  Coney  Island 
to  do  it,  but  we  felt  just  in  ihe  rtiood  for 
that — ^all  of  us.  We  liad  wasted  too  much 
time  already.  As  it  was,  we  would  not  make 
it  back  home. until  morning. 

When  we  drove  up  to  the  underground 
hut,  a  cautious  voice  hailed  us. 

"  You  guys  make  it  quick  to-night,  and 
don't  make  a  sound,  for  there's  something 
*  in  the  air.' " 

It  was  the  voice  of  the  sentry  using  Tom's 
own  wortls. 

We  unloaded  that  truck  in  mighty  quick 
time. 

E)ach  load  meant  climbing  down  a  pair 
of  stone  steps,  pushing  cautiously  aside  big 
heavy  canvas  curtains  (for  not  a  ray  of 
light  must  escape),  stumbling  over  twenty 
boys  lying  on  the  floor  because  the  passage- 


way was  too  low  to  stand  in,  and  dumping 
the  boxes  of  oranges,  chocolate,  and  tobacco 
oil  the  soft  mud  noor. 

"  The,  boys  think  there's  something  '  in 
the  air,'  "  the  secretary  in  chai-ge  said  to  us 
in  a  whisper." 

"The  big  drive?"  I  asked. 

"  ilaybe." 

Then  we  started  back.  As  we  did,  the 
sky  was  white  with  the  light  of  exploding 
shells.  The  great  observation  balloons 
loomed  majestically  against  that  lurid  back- 
ground. No  Alan's  Land  was  flaring  with 
star  shells  and  macliine-gun  explosions. 

We  were  shooting  homeward  as  fast  as 
we  could  go  with  the  heavy  traffic  on  the 
road,  and  we  were  nearing  "  Dead  Man's 
Curve  "  when  an  explosion  came  that  made 
tlie  steering  gear  swerve  in  my  hands,  for  I 
was  driving  back.  It  just  felt  as  if  there 
had  been  an  earthquake  and  the  earth  had 
wrenched  the  front  wheels.  I  fully  eiqpected 
to  turn  turtle,  but,  much  to  my  relief,  we 
were  still  on  our  wheels  an<l  in  the  road. 

Around  tlie  comer  of  the  dangerous 
curve  we  shot.  Fifty  feet  beyond  we  saw  a 
black  pile  of  d^ns  in  the  road.  We  got 
down  from  the  truck  and  found  a  supply 
wagon  smashed  to  bits  lying  in  a  broken 
mass  at  the  side  of  the  road.  Two  mules 
were  lying  in  the  field  dead,  two  boys  dead, 
and  four  hoys  who  had  been  getting  a  ride 
in  the  back  of  the  wagon  were  killed.  It 
looked  as  if  the  shell  had  hit  squarely  in  the 
middle  of  the  wagon  seat  and  the  two  boys 
driving  had  beenlcilled  outright 

Tom  went  for  an  ambulance  and  I  stayed 
behind.  One  of  the  lads  was  seriously 
wounded — in  fact,1ie  was  dying.  He  wanted 
one  of  us  to  take  his  mother's  address  and 
write  her  if  he  passed  on.  With  my  flash- 
light I  wrote  it  down  in  my  note-book  to 
comfort  him.  The  next  day  he  died  in  the 
evacuation  hospital,  and  I  wrote  to  his 
mother.  He  saia,  "  Tell  mother  tliat  I  kept 
clean  and  that  I  died  game." 

That  night  as  we  drove  into  the  "  Brew- 
ery," where  we  kept  our  trucks,  and  climbed 
down  out  of  the  seat  about  three  o'clock  In 
the  morning,  Tom  said,  "  I  told  you  there 
was  somethmg  in  the  air  to-night" 

And  even  as  he  spoke  tlie  siren  blew  in 
the  old  Cathe<lral,  warning  the  sleeping 
people  of  Toul  tliat  there  was  another  visit 
from  the  Gothas  imminent 

"  Yes,  Tom,  old  boy,  you're  right ;  there's 
certainly  '  something  in  die  air  '  to-night 
and  if  we  don't  hurry  home  they'll  drop 
something  on  us  too." 

A  BIT   OF  ROMAN  HISTORY 

In  your  issue  of  November  6  you  make 
a  comparison  between  a  possible  tendency 
in  our  Government  and  the  Roman  con- 
sular form  of  government  You  speak  of 
power  gradually  passing  from  the  legula- 
tive  body  to  the  consuls.  As  a  matter  of 
fact,  the  development  in  Rome  was  precisely 
the  opposite.  After  the  semi-mythical 
period  of  the  kings  the  consuls  held  for 
some  time  almost  absolute  authority,  civil 
and  military.  In  time,  however,  the  Senate 
in  practice  came  to  control  the  consuls,  so 
that  they  were  little  more  than  its  servants 
for  several  hundred  years.  The  change 
from  Republic  to  Empire  at  Rome  was  not 
due  to  the  consuls'  regaining  power,  but  to 
the  fact  (among  other  things)  that  neither 
the  Senate  nor  the  consuls  could  exercise 
adequate  control  over  the  pro-consub  and 
their  armies  in  the  provinces. 

G.  A.  Habbkb. 

Chapel  Hill,  North  Carolina^-^ 


Digitized  by 


google 


598  TPE  OUTLOOK 

WEEKLY   OUTLINE  STUDY  OF 
CURRENT  HISTORY 

BY  J.  MADISON  GATHANY,  A.M. 

HOPB  STBBET  BICH  SOHOOL.  PROTIDBNCK.  R.  I. 

Bated  on  The  Outlook  of  December  4, 1918 

BMh  week  mi  Oottine  Study  of  Cairmt  HiMory  bawd  on  tha  pnoeding  nmnlwr  e(  The  Outlook  will 
be  printad  for  tlia  bonaflt  of  oorrent  eTents  tUinw,  dobating  olob*,  tMohenof  hiatory  and  of  Rngrliih,  and 
the  Uke,  and  for  oM  in  tbe  home  and  by  mob  indiyidoal  rmden  a*  nay  deeira  saggeetioos  in  the  aerions 
(tody  of  oair«at  hiitory.— Thk  BoiTOna. 

(Thoae  who  are  oiing  the  weekly  outline  ihoold 
not  attempt  to  ooyar  tM  whole  of  an  oatUne  in  any 
one  leann  or  study.  Aaagn  for  one  leaaon  aeleotad 
qneetioaa,  one  or  two  propodUona  for  diaenanon, 
and  ouIt  snob  woida  aa  ace  found  in  tbe  material 
aangned.  Or  diatributa  aeleoted  qaeations  among 
different  merabera  of  the  olaaa  or  group  and  have 
them  report  their  findings  to  all  when  aaaembled. 
'fben  bave  all  diaooas  the  qneationa  together.] 


T  -UTTBRNATIUNAL    AFFAIB8 

A.  Topic :  President  Wilson  at  tbe  Peace 

Conference. 
Reference :  Pages  629,  630. 
Qi^eMont: 

1.  Tabulate  a  list  of  the  {Mints  made  by 
editors  \yho  are  against  President  Wilson's 
attending  the  coming  Peace  Conference  as 
recorded  in  The  Outlook.  Make  a  list  also 
of  the  points  of  the  editors  who  favor  his 
attendance.  2.  Tell,  witli  reasons,  which 
group  of  editors,  in  your  opinion,  presents 
Uie  stronger  ailment  3.  In  your  opinion, 
does  it  show  soand  reasoning  to  compare 
President  Wilson's  trip  to  Europe  with 
Mr.  Roosevelt's  to  Panama  and  Mr.  Taft's 
to  Canada  when  they  were  serving  as  our 
Executives  ?  Reasons.  4.  In  what  respects 
may  the  President  be  putting  himself  and 
the  United  States  in  peril  by  attending  the 
Peace  Conference  ?  5.  Point  out  wherein 
his  going  may  be  worth  while.  6.  Discuss 
the  following  statements :  "  There  is  cause 
for  regfret  tl^t  the  Conference  J[  Peace  Con- 
ference] could  not  assemble  m  Washing- 
ton. The  time  may  come  when  European 
statesmen  will  regret  their  neglect  of  this 
opportunity."  7.  Discuss  possible  results  of 
America's  assuming  "  an  miportance  in  the 
peace  councils  beyond  that  to  which  she  is 
entitled  on  the   score    of  performance." 

8.  Do  you  think  the  services  of  the  British 
navy  in  this  war  are  properly  appreciated .'' 
Make    clear    the    value  of  its    services. 

9.  Read  as  soon  as  you  can :  "  The 
Achievement  of  the  British  Navy  in  the 
World  War,"  by  John  Leyland  (Doran)  ; 
«  Through  War  to  Peace,"  by  A.  G.  KeUer 
(MacmiUan). 

B,  Topic :  The  League  to  Enforce  Peace. 
Reference :  Editoriu,  pages  524-526. 
Questions  : 

1.  What  are  some  of  the  things  that  must 
disappear  if  a  Le^ue  of  Nations  worthy 
the  name  is  to  endure  ?  2.  Name  also  some 
things  that  would  have  to  be  amended. 
3.  Discuss  some  of  the  things  that  would 
have  to  remain  unchanged.  4.  And  name 
some  things  that  would  have  to  be  entirely 
new  to  the  experience  of  nations.  5.  What 
does  The  Outlook  say  in  explaining  that 
"  it  is  possible  to  promote  a  League  of 
Nations  without  aboHshing  nationalism  "  ? 
6.  The  Outlook  does  not  believe  in  "  organ- 
izing offhand  a  federation  of  the  worn." 
Yet  it  believes  in  a  League  of  Nations  to 
enforce  peace.  Explain  now  it  makes  its 
position  clear.  7.  Write  an  editorial  in 
which  you  discuss  the  difference  between 

rice  and  justice  and  their  relationship. 
What  is  tne  Great  Power  theory  ?  Must 
this  theorv  be  given  up  by  all  nations  if  a 
League  of  Nations,  with  the  objects  The 


Outlook  mentions,  is   to  endure  in  any 

rwerful  and  praotieal  form?'  Discuss. 
Discuss  whether  there  would  be  need  of 
universal  military  training  if  such  a  League 
is  formed.  10.  Read  "Wtv  War?"  by 
F.  C.  Howe  (Scribners)  ;  "llie  Stakes  of 
Diplomacy,"  by  Walter  Lippmann  (Holt)  ; 
"■The  Things  Men  Fight  For,"  by  H.  H. 
Powers  (MacmiUan)— books  for  a  mooght- 
ful  man's  library. 

C.  Topic:  The  Opportunity  in  Russia. 
Reference :  Editorial,  page  524. 
Questions: 

1.  Explain  what  leads  The  Outlook  to 
say  that  "  hopeful  opportunities  for  recon- 
struction and  restoration  are  now  open  "  in 
Russia  ?  2.  Give  several  reasons  why  the 
ideas  and  objects  of  the  Bolsheviki  and  the 

1.  W.  W.  are  anti-democratic.  3.  Is  it  time 
the  American  Government  had  a  definite 
policy  for  Russia,  publicly  announced  it, 
and  began  to  execute  it  ?  Reasons.  4.  Sug- 
gest several  ways  by  which  America  could 
be  of  great  aid  to  Russia.  5.  Read  two 
valnabk  books:  "Unchained  Russia,"  by 
C.  E.  RusseU  (Aopleton);  "Six  Red 
Months  in  Russia,  by  Louise  Bryant 
(Doran). 

II — NATIONAL  APFAUtS 

Topic:  A  Crisis  in  the  Leadership  of 
President  Wilson  ;  The  President,  the 
Cabinet,  Bureaucracy,  and  the  Coun- 

Refermce ,  Pages  628,  529 ;  622-624. 
Questions : 

1.  For  what  reasons  does  Mr.  Lawrence, 
a  friend  of  President  Wilson,  believe  that 
the  unselfish  friends  of  the  President  are 
grieved  and  disappointed  in  his  leadership  ? 

2.  Discuss  why,  in  your  opinion,  these 
friends  of  Mr.  Wilson  do  not  go  to  lum  and 
tell  him  exactly  what  they  think.  3.  Give 
your  reasons  as  to  whv  I^r.  McAdoo  left 
the  Cabinet.  4.  Explain  the  meaning  of 
bureaucracy  and  discuss  the  evils  of  it. 
Illustrate.  5.  According  to  The  Outlook, 
what  is  the  great  question  that  confronts 
this  country  r  How  do  you  tliink  it  ought 
to  be  solved?  Discuss.  6.  Is  government 
bv  executive  order  democratic  government? 
'Tell  why  or  why  not 

III — PROPOSITIONS  FOB  DISCUSSION 

(Theae  propositiona  are  anggeated  directly  or  indi- 
rectly by  the  subject-matter  of  Tbe  Outlook,  but 
oot  aiacnaaed  in  it.) 

1.  A  Republic  of  Nations  cannot  be 
manufactured.  2.  This  war  has  produced 
a  better  and  more  hopeful  world.  3. 
Moderate  progress  is  the  wisest  sort  of 
progress. 

IV — ^VOCABlTI.ABT  BmLDINa 

(All  of  the  following  worda  and  ezpreaaions  are 
fonnd  inTheOntlook  for  Deoember  4, 1918.  Both 
before  and  after  looking  them  up  in  the  dictionary  or 
elsewhere,  ^ve  their  meaning  in  i/our  oum  wordt. 
The  fignres  m  paientheaea  refer  to  pagea  on  which 
the  worda  may  be  found.) 

Superannuated  (528);provincially  minded 
(529) ;  justiciable  (525) ;  Socialism  (524)  ; 
TCciprocity  (530) ;  protagonist  (523). 


A  betldet  $iigge$ting  melktds  during  tht  Wttkiy  OtUlint  nf  Current  HiMery  mU  bt  $eiU  onapplicatitn 


U  Decembo- 

-BOOZE   OR  COAL"  AGAIN 

Li  The  Outlook  of  November  6  we  fimi 
illominatiiig  editorial  cooMnent  ander  tlie 
heading  "  Booze  or  Coal — Which  ?"  As  far 
as  they  go  the  premise,  reasoning,  and  con- 
dasions  seem  logical  and  correct. 

However,  it  ^ed  to  raise  any  question 
as  to  why  and  how  coal-miners  generallv 
are  classed  as  "  booze  fighters "  aiiti 
"  ne'er-do-wells."  We  know  Uiey  are.  We 
also  know  that  this  weakness  is  often  ex- 
ploited as  an  additional  source  of  revenue 
Dy  their  own  employers. 

Some  vears  ago  the  writer  had  a  confer- 
ence with  a  Kentucky  mine  operator  who 
frankly  confessed  that  he  had  to  keep  th^ 
miners  poor  in  order  to  keep  them  indas- 
trions.  To  this  end  he  eonaocted  a  com- 
pany store,  where  they  were  continually  in 
debt.  To  secure  furtiier  necessaries  they 
simplv  had  to  work.  In  discnasing  the 
moral  and  ethical  side  this  man  made  no 
attempt  to  defend  himself,  except  as  a 
business  necessity.  If  he  pud  them  liber- 
ally in  cash,  they  would  waste  the  snrpliu 
-  in  dissipation,  and  thus  greaUy  curtail  pro- 
duction. 

Since  a  beneficent  Providence  ha« 
crammed  the  earth  with  fuel,  needed  by 
every  man,  woman,  and  child,  do  they  not 
owe  a  moral  debt  to  that  large  popnladon 
which  performs  this  most  menial  of  all 
human  service  ? 

In  contrast  with  the  generally  acknowl- 
edged conditions  of  coal-mining  communi- 
ties, let  us  look  at  another  picture  of  a  very 
similar  service. 

In  August,  1899,  the  writer  spent  some 
ten  days  m  that  great  copper-mining  conn- 
try  around  Calumet,  Michigan,  dominated 
largely  by  the  Calumet  ana  Hecla  Mining 
Company.  It  was  claimed  that  there  were 
some  five  thousimd  miners  going  in  and  oat 
of  those  mines,  a  mile  deep,  in  eight-hoor 
shifts,  continuously. 

Notwithstanding  this  feet,  that  prettr 
city  of  40,000  people  had  a  holiday  appear- 
■  ance  every  day. 

Everybody  was  clean,  content,  and 
ha^-py.  Thirty-nine  different  languages 
were  spoken,  and  there  was  a  church  lor 
every  tongue.  Only  one  policeman,  at  that 
time,  for  uie  entire  40,0(>0  population. 

Every  miner  as  he  left  lus  faunily  wag 
dressed  in  his  "  Sunday  beet,"  and  came 
back  to  them  in  the  same  way.  The  expla- 
nation is  tiiis  :  At  the  mouth  of  ea^h  mioc 
was  a  building  known  as  "  the  dry." 
Here  every  miner  had  his  own  locker,  where 
change  was  quickly  made. 

As  Uiese  miners  emerged  after  their 
hours  of  liard  work  they  tutd  the  appear- 
ance of  drowned  rats ;  but,  presto — change ! 
Off  drop  the  wet  dothes ;  shower-bath, 
clean  clothes,  home  to  wife,  children,  gooil 
meal,  and  comfortable  home. 

what  sane  human  being,  tiving  under 
such  conditions,  would  even  think  of  gomg 
out  and  filling  up  on  "  booze  "  ?  Rather  be 
will  take  his  family  to  one  or  more  of  a 
dozen  uplift  places  provided  by  Uiis  benefi- 
cent corporation. 

This  winter,  as  we  replenish  the  familr 
hearth  with  fresh  coal,  may  we  not  have  a 
kind  thought  for  those  whoae  human  hands 
first  touciied  this  warmth-giving  com- 
modity ? 

May  we  not  think  of  them  as  also  part 
of  God's  children,  who  would  be  eqiuu  le 
his  best  under  Calumet  environmenUi' 
Would  that  Dr.  John  B.  Motf  s  great  heiH 
and  org^izing  ability  might  yet  enter  this 
field  as  his  labors  wiui  Uie  soldiers  sbre*! 
lessen !  ^^  £.  C  Bick£l. 


'^ftl^^l'^'^^VaOO^ 


IV^ 


THE  OUTIiOOfr^*- 


JOHN  MARTIN'S  BOOK 

The  CHILD'S  Magazine 


"THE  CHILDREN  OF 
MAKE-BELIEVE" 

Come  along  with  as  for  we  know  the  way  ' 
That  every  one  lakes  who  loves  to  play  f 
Tlie  road  is  not  long,  and  it  is  not  far 
Where  thousands  oi  different  wonders  are. 
We  think  just  right  till  we  feel  them  near. 
We  have  no  donots,  and  we  find  tliem  here. 
Our  hearts  are  glad  and  our  hands  are  free, 
The  Children  of  Make-Believe  are  we! 

Come  away  with  us  to  the  iiiuuntains  high 
Where  our  fingers  touch  and  take  the  sky ! 
A  call  and  a  laugh  from  our  hearts  will 

bring 
The  bluest  and  best  of  everything. 
There  is  no  distance  we  may  not  span  ; 
No  sorrowing  hope,  nor  broken  plan  ; 
No  role  but  Uie  young  heart's  wide  decree. 
The  Children  of  Ma/ee-Believe  are  we  f 

Come  away  with  the  Children  of  Make- 

Believe ! 
Let's  plan,  and  bnild,  unravel  and  weave. 
We're  greater   than    King's,  as   our  glad 

hearts  run 
Along  the  path  of  the  marching  sun. 
No  malice  dims  and  no  donbting  mars 
<  hir  friendly  frolic  among  the  stars. 
Oiir  hearts  are  young,  as  all  hearts  may  be, 
The  Children  of  Make- Believe  are  we! 
John  Martin. 


immediately  without  waiting  for  mother's 
leisure  to  investigate. 

I  have  never  found  anything  in  your 
magazine  that  I  could  not  read  to  Uie  boys 
at  bedtime." 


AND  tliis  is  the  spirit  of  JOHN 
MARTIN'S  BOOK.  A  joyful  child- 
hood, nntrammeled  and  spontaneous, 
the  fnlfillnient  of  great  and  good  dreams, 
and  the  masterv  of  life  through  love  ancl 
faith,  this  is  tfie  inherited  right  of  our 
children. 

In  bringinjf  JOHN  MARTIN'S  BOOK 
to  the  attention  of  parents  and  those  who 
love  children,  we  have  drawn  from  parents' 
letters  to  John  Mai-tui  the  following  ex- 
ti-acts.  Surely  there  could  be  no  better 
endorsement  of  the  magazine. 

NOTHING  CAN  TAKE  THE 

PLACE  OF  JOHN  MARTIN'S 

BOOK  IN  THE  HOME 

"  My  children  still  jiossess  every  copy  they 
iiave  ever  had,  and  have  read  them  so  many 
times  that  nothing  less  substantial  would 
have  survived.  Ther  ■  is  nothing  which 
roald  take  its  place  in  our  home.  I  doubt  if 
there  is  any  magazuie  that  can  minister  to 
their  mental  and  spiritual  wants  as  they 
develop,  as  well  as  John  Martin's  Book  has 
to  their  childish  ones.  I  would  not  attempt 
to  loeasore  the  benefit  it  has  been." 

IT  NEEDS  NO  CENSORSHIP 

'''Hie  creed  of  your  ma»i7.ine  assures 
busy  mothers  tliat  the  children  can  take 
their  book  from  tiie  mail-man  and  enjoy  it 


MOTHERS'  MOST  DEPEND- 
ABLE  ALLY 

"  I  count  yon  among  my  dependable  allies 
in  my  effort  to  help  an  eager,  loving,  happy 
little  boy  grow  into  an  increasingly  happy 
and  useful  man." 

"  We  cannot  see  how  any  mother  who  is 
trying  to  teach  her  little  cluldren  the  things 
they  oueht  to  know,  can  get  along  without 
the  Book.  Nor  can  we  see  now  other  babies 
who  do  not  get  this  good  bundle  of  friendly 
lessons,  can  be  as  happy  as  our  babies  are. 

BANISHMENT  OF  FEAR 

"  I  want  to  tell  you  about  tlie  Httle  mes- 
senger calle<l  '  Crixl's  Dark '  which  you 
sent  in  tlie  November  magazine.  At  a 
Mothers'  club  meeting  a  mother  confided 
to  me  her  chief  perplexity,  a  little  boy  who 
had  suddenly  grown  ten-ified  at  the  dark.  I 
told  her  about  the  beautiful  poem  we  had 
all  learned  by  heart  and  lent  her  that  copy 
of  the  Book.  In  a  week  she  telephoned  to 
knbw  if  she  might  keep  the  Book  a  little 
longer  so  that  her  little  son  might  learn  every 
word  of  '  God's  Dark.'  When  she  brought 
it  back  a  month  later,  she  said  her  timid 
little  boy  goes  bravely  to  be<l  and  to  sleep 
a(;conipanied  by  these  soothing,  comforting 
words  wliich  he  says  each  night  before  he 
hops  intobe<l.  He  doesn't  wake  till  morning." 


AN  IDEAL  CHRISTMAS 

GIFT 

WHICH   LASTS  A  YEAR 
AND  UVES  A  UFETIME 


AN  EDUCATIONAL 
FOUNDATION 

"  I  am  sure  yon  will  be  interested  to  know 
that,  though  this  is  Elizabeth's  first  year  in 
school,  her  teachera  are  continually  asking 
me  wliat  I  have  g^ven  her  at  home  to  sup- 
ply such  a  fund  of  information  in  folk  lore, 
mythology,  etc.,  and  I  can  only  tell  tlieiii,  a 
tlioi-ough  course  in  John  Martin's  Book 
since  she  was  four." 


Ohildkkx  who  have  JOHN  MARTIN'S 
BOOK  are  given  in  the  fullest  measure  of 
their  hearts'  desires.  It  is  the  very  Voice 
of  Childhood,  merry,  hopeful,  helpful,  and 
suontaneous.  Arranged  for  chilcfren  from 
three  to  ten  years  of  age. 

A  YEAR'S  SUBSCRIPTION  GIVES 

Countless  pictures  in  color  and  line.  Game*  to  Play. 
Things  to  Do.  ftonqs  to  Sing.  Plays  to  Act.  Fairy 
Tales.  Nature  una  History.  BibU  Stories.  Faile* 
and  Myths.  Poetry  and  Jinxes.  Clastic  Tales. 
Clean  Fun  and   Nonsense.    Puzzles   and   Plans 

and  a  host  more  surprises  and  delights 
in  endless  variety,  all  with  a  wholesome 
and  helpful  deUght  to  tlie  children. 

JOHN  MARTIN'S  BOOK 

u  a  NECESSITY  and  not  a  LUXURY 

In  these  days  <(f  war's  destruction  it  is  constructive, 
character  building,  and  makes  fine  little  American 
citizens. 

Ereiy  little  subscriber  receives  from  John  Martin  a 
merry  "  Introduction  Letter  "  telling  that  you,  the 
donor,  send  the  gift ;  in  addition  the  chiUieD 
receive  pretty  HOLIDAY  and  CHRISTICAS 
CAKUS.  In  fact,  nothing  that  adds  to  the  personal 
,  delight  of  The  Book  is  forgotten. 


LESS  THAN  ONE  CENT  A  DAY  IF 
YOU  USE  THE  COUPON  BELOW 

»  SPECIAL  € 


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THE   OUTLOOK 


11  December 


The  Best  Child  Ever  Born 

is  a  problem.  The  briKbter  the  child  the  iprcater 
your  problem.  Upon  your  wisdom  depend  his 
pbybicaj,  his  mental  and  his  moral  development. 
The  greatest  of  these  is  his  morat  development 
— the  building  of  his  character — for  this  gives 
value  to  the  others.  And  there  is  no  way  that 
you  can  better  solve  this  problem  than  by  the 
proper  aeloctton  of  his  reading. 
Much  that  children  read  is  positively  injurioua 
to  their  eager,  plastic  minds.  Somv  books  mere- 
ly entertain  in  a  wasteful  way.  But.  some  not 
only  entertain  but  at  the  same  time  have  those 
flne,  constructive  qualities  which  inspire  high 
ideaJs  and  build  strong,  clean  character. 

The  Youngr  Folks  Library 

(A  BMntif ol  OlirlstBUS  OUt) 
U  enthuiUttically  endoTsed  by  the  leading  educators  ol  the  naHoo 
and  by  the  fathers  and  mothrra  In  over  75,CX>0  homes,  especially 
because  of  its  intere&iine  ami  distinctive  plan  of  character  building. 
An  illustrious  B^^herins  of  men  and  women  under  the  leadership 
of  Thomas  Bailey  Aldnch.  Henry  Van  Dyke  an.l  Hamilton  Wright 
Mable,  who  never  forgot  the  child's  point  of  yiew,  nor  ove-rlooked 
bis  interpstfl,  have  made  this  plan  and  library  a  rich  treasure- hnuM 
of  chlHish  delights  and  a  boon  to  parent.  And  you  will  be 
pleased  to  learn  that  you  can  secure  this  li  brary  at  a  remarkably 
low  price,  on  very  easy  terms. 

'     SsdJ  for  Beantilalty  lUustratwl  Book— Pr«« 

You  and  your  child  will  be  gUd  to  receive  FREE  our  beautlliil 
book,  with  rich  colored  111 iist ration?,  telling  all  about  thii  libraiy 
mod  its  distinctive  plan  and  bow  you  can  feecure  it  at  a  tow  price. 

University  Research 

Dept.  O.,  Milwaukee,  Wis. 

Please  send  mc  FREE  your  beautifully 
illustrated  book  and  tell  me  how  I  can 
secure  the  Young  Folks  Library  a( 
your  low  price  on  easy  terms. 


THE    NEW   BOOKS 


Nam  t 


COMRADES 
IN  COURAGE 

By  UEUT.  ANTOINE  REDIER 

ONE  of  the  three  truly  great  books 
that  the  war  has  brought  forth  in 
France  l)oth  as  a  literary  achieve- 
ment and  as  a  popular  success. 

Believing  that  many  readers  ofThe  Outlook 
would  like  to  have  and  preserve  this  thrilling 
and  interesting  story  of  the  war,  we  have 
made  a  special  arrangement  with  the  pub- 
lishers, Doubleday,  Page  &  Co.,  which  en- 
ables us  to  offer  it  in  combination  with  a 
year's  subscription  to  The  Outlook  at  the 
special  price  of  $4,50  for  the  two.  The  retail 
price  of  the  book  alone  is  $1.40,  net.  It  is 
attractively  bound  in  doth,  and  will  make  a 
most  welcome  Christana*  gift  Only  a  limited 
number  of  volume*  are  at  our  disposal  for 
this  special  offer,  and  the  supply  will  soon 
be  exhausted.  Therefore  it  is  important 
that  you  should  send  your  order  at  once 
if  you  wish  to  secure  one  of  these  books 
at    the   special    combination    price    named. 

THE  OUTLOOK  COMPANY 


This  department  will  include  descriptive  notes,  with  or  without  brief  comments,  about  books  received 
by  The  Outlook.     Many  of  the  important  books  will  have  more  extended  and  critical  treatment  Ut« 


Ficnos 

Bell-Ringer  (The).  An  Old-Time  Village  Tale. 
By  Clam  Endioott  Sears.  IIln8trat«<l.  Hough- 
ton Mifflin  Company,  Boston,    ^l.'io. 

Benton  of  the  Koyal  Mounted.  A  Tale  of 
the  Koyal  Nortliwest  Mounted  Police.  By 
Ralph  S.  Kendall.  The  John  Lane  (^mpany, 
New  York.  $1.50. 

Harbor  Tales  Down  North.  By  Norman 
Duncan.  With  an  Appreciation  by  Wilfred 
T.  Grenfell,  M.D.  Illustrated.  The  Fleming 
H.  Revell  Company,  New  York.   81.35. 

Rule  of  Might  (The).  By  J.  A.  Cramb  (".I.  A. 

Kevenuort ' ').  G.  P.  Putnam's  800.1,  New  York. 

$1.60. 
The  setting  of  this  romance  of  Napoleon 
is  at  Vienna.  The  time  is  October,  1809. 
Tlie  central  incident  is  an  attempt  to  assas- 
sinate Napoleon  at  the  Palace  of  SchOn- 
bninn.  The  author  draws  a  sympathetic 
portrait  of  Napoleon,  but  he  allows  his  de- 
scription of  the  sensual  Viennese  society  of 
that  date  to  take  altogether  too  much  space 
and  to  detract  from  uie  main  tlieme. 

28  H  Hours'  lieave.  By  Mary  Roberts  Rine- 
hart.  Illustrated.  The  George  H.  Doran  Com- 
pany, New  York.   60c. 

For  sheer  bubbling  fun  this  is  probably 
the  most  entertaining  story  that  has  Ijeen 
brought  out  by  the  war.  It  is  exactly  the 
kind  of  book  to  send  to  a  soldier  for  Christ- 
mas, for  every  soldier,  from  general  to 
private,  would  certainly  enjoy  the  atlven- 
tures  of  Sergeant  Gray  in  his  brief  and 
exciting  absence  from  quarters. 

BOOKS  FOR  TOUNO  FOLKS 
Boys'  Book  o(  Chemistry  (The).    A  Simple 
Explanation    of    Up-to-Date    Chemistry,   To- 

Sither  with  Many  Easily  Made  Experimente. 
y  Charles  Ramsay  Clarke.  Illustrated.  E.  P. 
Dntton  &  Co.,  New  York.  $2. 
Boy    Scouts  Year  Book  (The).    Edited  by 
Franklin  K.  Matliiews.    lUustrated.  D.  Apple- 
ton  &  Co.,  New  York.  »2. 

Captain  Liuoyand  LiieutenantBob.  By  Aline 
Havard.  Illustrated.  The  Penn  Publishing 
Company,  Philadelphia.  $1.3.1. 

Dream  Boats  and  Other  Stories.  Portraits 
and  Histories  of  Fauns,  Fairies,  Fishes,  and 
Other  Pleasant  Creatures.  By  Dugald  Stewart 
Walker.  Illustrated.  Doubleday,  Page  &  Co., 
Garden  City,  N.  Y.    SI. 50. 

French  Twins  (The).  By  Lucy  Fitch  Perkins. 
Illustrated.  Houghton  Mifflin  Company,  Bos- 
ton. SI. 35.  • 

Nancy  Ijee's  Namesake.  By  Margaret  Warde. 
Illustrated.  The  Penn  Publishing  Company, 
Philadelphia.  Sl.:«. 

Old  Crow  and  His  Friends.  Animal  Adven- 
tures Based  upon  Indian  Myths.  By  Katharine 
B.  Judson.  lUustrated.  Little,  Brown  &  Co., 
Boston.   S1.35. 

K088  Grant  in  Miners'  Camp.  By  John  (Jar- 
land.  Illustrated.  The  Penn  Pubbshing  Com- 
pany, Philadelphia.  S1.33. 

Running  Fox.  By  Elmer  Russell  Gregor.  D. 
Appleton  &  Co.,  New  York.   »1..'(5. 

Silver  Cache  of  the  Pawnee  (The).  Bv  D. 
Lange.  Illustrated.  The  Lothrop,  Lee  AShep- 
ard  Company.  Boston.  $1.25. 

Stokes'  Wonder  Book  of  the  Bible.  By 
Helen  Ward  Banks.  Illustrated.  The  Frederick 
A.  Stokes  Company,  New  York.  s^-i.uO. 

Story  of  Silk  (The).  By  Sara  Ware  Bassett. 
niustrated.  The  Penn  Publishing  Company, 
Philadelphia.    90c. 

Story  of  the  Pilgrims  for  Children  (The) 
By  BoUnd  G.  Usher,  Ph.D.    Illustrated,    "" 
Ma 


„„„ ,..„., The 

MacraiUan  Company,  New  York.  $1.25. 
Toggles  :  An  Outdoor  Boy.  By  Frederick  F. 
Hall.  Illustrated.   The  lx>throp,  Lee  &  Shep- 
ard  Company,  Boston.   $1 .25. 

BIOORAPHT 

Foch  the  Man.  By  Clara  E.  Langhlin.  With  an 

Appreciation   by  Lieutenant-Colonel  Edonard 

Rlqnin.  Illustrated.    The  Fleming  H.  ReveU 

Company,  New  York.  $1. 

Miss  Laughlin  has  evidently  had  access 

to   direct    sources    of  information    about 


Marshal  Foclu  She  answers  in  a  satisfying 
and  interpretative  wa;^  such  questions  as, 
Wliat  manner  of  man  is  he?  What  are  liis 
animating  principles  ?  Wliat  are  the  chief 
facts  in  liis  life's  history?  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  R^uin,  in  a  letter  ot  appreciation, 
points  out  that  "  Christian,  Frenchman, 
soldier,  Foch  will  be  held  up  as  an  example 
for  future  generations  as  mucli  for  his 
high  moral  standard  as  for  his  military 
genius." 

HISTORY,  POLITICAL  KCONGUr,  AND    POLITICS 
History  of  Spain  (A).  By  Charles  E.  Chapman. 

Ph.D.    Tlie  Macmillan  Company,  New  York. 

82.60. 
Closely  following  tlie  publication  of  two 
volumes  of  Professor  Merriman's  "  Histon- 
of  Spain"  we  have  Mr.  Channian's — a 
much  smaller  and  compacter  work.  But  the 
substantial  volume  is  comprehensive — it 
describes  Spanish  life  from  the  earliest 
times  to  the  present  day.  The  other  one- 
volume  histories  of  Spain  are  accoonts 
mostly  of  the  political  evolution.  Thi.s  vol- 
ume, on  the  other  hand,  emphasizes  the 
clianging  social,  economic,  and  intellectual 
institutions.  The  book  is  founded  on  Alta- 
mira's  "  Historia  de  Espafia  y  de  la  Civili- 
zacidn  Espafiola." 

TRAVEL  AHD  DESCRIPTION 
Historic  Shrines  of  America.  By  John  T. 

Faris.     Illustrated.     The    George    H.    Donm 

Company,  New  York.  $3. 
With  the  end  of  the  war  and  the  pros- 
pective resumpUon  of  pleasure  toaring  one 
can  think  of  no  more  delightful  way  of 
spending  a  vacation  than  bv  taking  a  goo<l 
automobile  and  visiting  all  the  places  de- 
scribed and  pictured  in  tliis  fine  book.  It  is 
replete  with  interesting  facts  about  the 
historic  houses  of  America,  the  men  and 
women  who  lived  in  them,  and  the  time* 
during  which  they  became  famous. 
Romance  of  Old  Philadelphia  (The).   By 

,Iuhu  T.  Fans.    Illustrated.    The  J.  B.  Lippin- 

cott  Company,  Philadelphia.  $4.30. 
An  interesting  and  valuable  repository 
of  information  aOjout  the  early  days  of  one 
of  the  chief  centers  of  our  colonial  life. 
Scores  of  well-printed  illustrations  brine 
the  city's  past  vividly  before  the  reader.  A 
book  to  make  Phfladelphiaiis  i)roud  of 
their  past  and  ambitious  about  their  future. 

WAR  BOOKS 
Soldiers  of  the  Sea.  The  Stoi^  of  the  United 
States  Marine   Corps.    By  Willis  J.   Abbot. 
Illustrated.  Dodd,  Mead  &  Co.,  New  York. 

$1.50. 

Americans  are  justly  proud  of  the  work 
of  the  Marine  Corps  in  the  great  war.  and 
they  will  like  to  read  of  the  exploits  of  that 
Corps  in  other  wars  in  our  history.  The 
thriUing  feats  of  arms  here  recorded  are 
finely  illustrated.  Most  readers  will  wish 
that  more  space  had  been  devoted  to  recent 
events  in  which  the  Marine  Corps  haa  dis- 
tinguished itself. 

MISCELLANEOUS 
Woman  Citizen  (The).  By  Mary  Sumner  B05A 
Introduction  by  Carrie   Chapman   Catt.   The 
Frederick  A.  Stokes  Company,   New    York. 
$1.50. 
This  is  a  book  tliat  appeals  to  the  serious 
woman  wlio  wishes   to   be  well  infonmrd 
about  her  political  privileges  and  duties.  It 
will  well  repay  study  by  any  woman  with- 
out a  "  husband  at  home "'  to  answer  her 
political  questions,  and  also  by  the  laree 
number  of  women  who,  having  husbands, 
might  ask  tlieni  in  vain  for  the  definit*. 
concise  information  herein  given. 


Digitized  by 


Google 


l«  THE  OUTLOOK  601 


A  New  Power  Plant 
for  the  Pierce-Arrow 

THE  Pierce-Arrow  has  a  new  engine  of  greater 
power.  This  engine  has  been  developed  by  Pierce- 
Arrow  engineers.  They  have  named  it  The  Dual 
Valve  Engine. 

The  increased  ix)wer  it  yields  adds  to  the  comfort 
and  convenience  of  the  Pierce-Arrow  Car.  This  com- 
fort and  convenience  are  enhanced  by  the  perfect 
control.  With  the  new  engine  one  can  go  from 
five  miles  an  hour  to  seventy  and  back  again  to  five 
on  high  gear.  This  almost  eliminates  the  necessity 
of  shifting  gears — either  on  hills  or  in  traffic. 

It  offers  more  power  with  no  greater  weight,  more 
speed  with  less  gasoline,  more  flexibility  with  less 
gear  shifting.  It  is  cooler,  quieter  and  quicker  than 
any  previous  Pierce-Arrow. 

The  new  engine  is  no  sudden  innovation.  It  is  the 
result  of  years  of  careful  experiment.  It  is  in  line 
with  the  steady  development  of  the  Pierce-Arrow.  It 
is  in  harmony  with  the  policy  that  no  changes  should 
be  made  until  a  real  improvement  had  been  perfected. 

Fierce-Arrow 

THE  PIERCE-ARROW  MOTOR  CAR  CO. 

BUFFALO,  N.  Y. 


Digitized  by 


Google 


602 


THE   OUTLOOK 


How  Scientists 
Clean  Their  Teeth 

All  Statements  Apprai'ed  by  High  Dental  Authorities 


The  facte  stated  here  have  been  wridely  known  for  some  year*  among 

dentists  and  scientific  men.     But  they  were  not  presented 

to  the  public  until  proved  beyond  dispute. 

People  who  know — by  the  hundreds  of 
thousands — are  changing  their  teeth-clean- 
ing methods.   And  these  are  the  reasons : 

The  old  methods  proved  inadequate.  The 
beat-brashed  teeth  too  often  discolored 
and  decayed.  Despite  the  wide  use  of  the 
tooth-brush,  statistics  show  that  tooth 
troubles  have  constantly  increased. 

Science  found  the  reason  in  a  slimy  film. 
You  can  feel  it  with  your  tongue.  It  is 
constantly  forming,  and  it  clings.  It  gets 
into  crevicas,  bardans  and  stajra. 

That  film  is  the  cause  of  most  tooth 
troubles,  and  the  old  methods  could  not 
end  it. 


That  film-coat  absorbs  stains,  and  the 
teeth  seem  discolored.  It  hardens  into 
tartar.  It  holds  food  substance  which  fer- 
ments and  forms  acid.  It  holds  the  acid  in 
contact  with  the  teeth  to  cause  decay. 

Millions  of  germs  breed  in  it.  They,  with 
tartar,  are  the  chief  cause  of  pyorrhea. 
Also  of  many  other  serious  diseases. 

It  is  therefore  best  to  brush  teeth  in  ways 
which  can  end  the  film. 

Pour  years  ago  a  way  was  found  to  com- 
bat that  film  efficiently.  It  has  now  been 
proved  by  thousands  of  tests.  Today  it  is 
embodied  in  a  dentifrice  called  Pepsodent, 
and  we  ask  you  to  test  it  yourself. 


Make  This  One- Week  Test 


Pepsodent  is  based  on  pepsin,  the  digest- 
ant  of  albumin.  The  film  is  albuminous 
matter.  The  object  of  Pepsodent  is  to  dis- 
solve it,  then  to  constantly  prevent  its 
accumulation. 

This  is  not  as  simple  as  it  seems.  Pepsin 
must  be  activated,  and  the  usual  method  is 
an  acid  harmful  to  the  teeth.  So  pepsin 
long  seemed  barred. 

It  is  now  made  possible  because  science 
found  a  harmless,  activating  method.  Five 
govemmenta  have  already  granted  patents. 
That  method  is  employed  in  Pepsodent. 

Many  teeth-cleaning  methods,  jwidely 
proclaimed,  have  later  been  found  ineffi- 
cient So  Pepsodent  was  submitted  to  re- 
peated clinical  teats,  under  able  authorities, 
before  this  announcement. 

Today  it  is  proved  besrond  question.  And 
the  object  now  is  to  bring  it  quickly  into 
universal  use. 

The  method  is  to  offer  all  a  One- Week 
Tube  for  test.   Send  the  Free  coupon  for  it. 


Use   it  like   any  tooth   paste,  and   watch 
results. 

Note  how  clean  the  teeth  feel  after  using. 
Mark  the  absence  of  the  film.  See  how 
teeth  whiten — how  they  glisten — as  the 
fixed  film  disappears. 

Let  Pepsodent  thus  prove  itself  by  a 
One-Week  Test.  See  its  unique  results, 
know  the  reason  for  them.  After  that  you 
will  not  be  content  to  return  to  old  methods 
of  teeth-cleaning. 

Cut  out  the  coupon  now. 


One'- Week  Tube  Free 

THE  PEPSODENT  CO. 

Dept.  m.  1104  S.  Wabash  Ave.  Chicaso,  III. 

Mall  One- W«ek  Tube  of  Pepeodent  to 


Addres*. 


Rmtam  your  mmpty  tooth  ptuta  tubn  to  th»  naar»»t  R*d  Croaa  Sttttion 

^^^   "^^^"i"^^"^^"^        PAT.  OFF.      ■ 


REG.  U.S. 


HnniMi 


The  New-'Day  'Dentifrice 
A  Scientific  Product — ^Sold  by  Druggisto  Everywhere 

(147A) 

!MaWIIIIIIIIIII»lillllHlll!ll<l''1>^ll''1'l!i':iT!lli:|i|IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIW 


II  DeceaalMT 

THE    NATION'S 

INDUSTRIAl. 

PROGRESS 

BelieTin^  that  the  advanoe  of  bnsiiiew  is  a  aabJKC 
of  vital  mtereat  and  importanoe.  The  Oatlook  will 
praaent  nnder  the  above  heading;  freqncBt  djs- 
onsrions  of  sabiecta  of  indiiatrial  and  oonuneRnl 
interest.  This  aepartment  will  indode  pazarnnk) 
of  timely  interest  and  actides  of  edaaattoaaT  tsId' 
dealing  with  the  indostrial  opbnildinK  of  thr 
Nation.     Comment  and    snggeationB  are    invited. 

SELLING  YOUR  PRODUCT 
TO  THE  100,000,000 

CULTIVATE  THE    HOME    MARKETS 

BY   CHABLES  W.  BOYT 
Author  of  *'  Scientific  Sales  Management  " 

THE  newspapers,  the  business  papers, 
and  the  magazines  are  filled  with 
articles  about  America's  opportunit)' 
in  foreign  trade.  The  spemkers  at 
commercial  buiqnets  talk  of  the  possibili- 
ties of  export  departments.  At  convoitions 
the  majority  of  the  discussions  are  on  for- 
eign markets.  It  is  the  thing — it  is  the 
style — and  it  is  good,  too  ;  bat — 

How  many  aovertisers,  so  far  in  the  hiit- 
tory  of  the  United  States  marketing,  hare 
adequately  sold  their  product  to  the  100,- 
000,()00  people  of  this  country  ?  How  maay 
advertisers,  so  far,  have  even  secured  (in 
the  minds  of  this  100,000,000  people)  a  eoa- 
scionsness  of  their  brand  and  of  its  merits!' 
A  few  advertisers  have  had  sufficient  cour^ 
age  and  vision  to  go  after  it.  Ton  can 
count  them  almost  on  the  fingers  of  oik 
hand.  And  these  few  have  been  enormouslf 
successfuL 

No  matter  whether  you  make  baking- 
powder,  chewing-grum,  clothing,  shoes,  or 
automobiles,  if  you  will  make  this  100,000,- 
000  conscious  of  your  brand  and  of  it» 
merits  your  business  will  be  made. 

As  a  Nation  we  ought,  and  we  mast,  sell 
our  products  to  the  world.  Bnt  ao  doine 
does  not  mean  that  any  one  film  shooli) 
slight  the  opportunity  which  awsita  it  t<> 
sen  the  100,000,000  here. 

And  it  is  not  a  hazy,  uncertain  problem, 
which  is  difficult  of  solution.  The  methods 
which  will  assure  success  are  clearly  de- 
fined. A  generation  ago  the  facilities  were 
not  at  hand.  To-day  everything  neceasarr 
for  reaching  the  mmds  of  this  lOOvOOO/)00 
is  available. 

The  course  is  definitely  defined,  bat  to 
follow  it  requires  a  chart  and  often  a  trained 
pilot.  You  can't  sail  into  the  port  of  Na- 
tional Success  by  rule-of-thomb  methods. 

You  need  a  plan.  And  in  the  iw^Ung  of 
that  plan  you  need  the  help  of  men  wlio 
know.  It  is  not  necessary  to  make  uncertain 
experiments.  Guessing  and  groaping  i» 
marketing  are  no  longer  necessary.  Wi« 
men  profit  by  the  experience  of  odien. 
The  man  who  is  his  own  lawyer  has  a  fool 
for  his  client.  And  a  man  can  lose  ntoneT 
in  advertising  as  easily  as  in  Wall  Street 

With  the  proper  plan,  intelligently  pre- 
pared, then  the  facilities  long  ago  proTol 
to  be  certain  and  sore  are  at  baud  ready 
to  secure  for  you  the  approval  of  tiv 
100,000,000. 

The  purchasing  power  of  the  100,000,000 
who  have  a  favorable  acquaintance  with 
your  product  is  enormous.  It  makes  no 
difference  whether  your  product  is  to  be 
bought  by  the  masses  or  the  classes,  if  it  ii 
favorably  known  to  the  man  in  the  streei 
orders  wiU  spring  from  all  sorts  id  onei 
pected  sources. 

Don't  call  your  bosinees  different.  Even- 

Digitized  by  VJ^^^^V  IV^ 


1918 

SrUitig  Yom  Product  to  the  100,000,000  (Contimied} 
■  I  rtxty's  in  different.  Soap  is  different  from 
automobiles.  Automobiles  are  different 
from  insurance.  Insurance  is  different  from 
,  toys.  Toys  are  not  clotlies  or  shoes.  Metal 
office  furniture  differs  from  steel  axles  or 
motors.  Ink  and  smpenders  are  not  like 
adding  machines  or  paint.  But  each  busi- 
ness will  be  established,  secured,  and  made 
if  the  100,000,000  have  a  favorable  acquaint- 
ance with  it. 

Right  now  this  group  of  100,000,000  are 
happy,  receptive,  appreciative,  and  expect- 
ant. They  have  completed  a  good  job  and 
stand  ready  to  go  ahead. 

Tlie  American  manufacturer  should  start 
at  once  in  his  manufacturing,  his  Hnancing, 
his  sellint;,  and  his  adveitisin}r  to  secure 
the  acquaintance  of  the  100,000,000. 


AMERICANS  IN  THE  SECOND 
BATTLE   OF   THE   MARNE 

(From  "  Marshal  Foch  and  the  Second  Battle  of  the 

Home,''  kn  a  French  Stu^  Officer,  Raymond 

Becouiy,  in  "  Scribner's  Magazine  ") 

One  of  the  essential  characteristics  of 
this  battle  must  always  be  the  part  played 
in  it  by  the  Americans.  For  the  first  time 
on  £uropean  soil  a  large  number  of  Ameri- 
can troops,  formed  into  divisions,  found 
themselves  engaged  in  a  military  operation 
on  a  very  large  scale  ;  they  were  about  to 
undergo  a  decisive  ordeal. 

From  tliis  ordeal  they  came  out  with  fly- 
ing colors  in  every  sense  of  the  words.  The 
gallantry  with  which  they  fought,  the  skill 
of  their  officers,  the  heroism  of  the  men, 
excited  the  wonder  and  admiration  of  every 
Frenchman  who  came  into  contact  with 
them.  Many  of  my  comrades  were  delighted 
to  bear  witness  to  their  valor  and  coolness. 
General  Degoutte  was  for  a  long  time  in 
Morocco,  commanding  the  celebrated  Mo- 
roccan division,  which  is  one  of  the  glories 
of  our  army ;  all  its  regiments  have  the 
"  fonrragfere,"  and  their  flags  are  decorated 
with  the  Legion  of  Honor.  In  speaking  of 
the  American  division  which  fought  at 
Ch&teau  Thierry  the  General  declared,  "  I 
couldn't  have  done  better  with  my  '  Maro- 
caine,'"  and  General  Gouraud  said  of  the 
men,  "Tliey  are  as  good  as  the  best  of 
our  poilus." 

"  As  to  tlie  Americans,"  Foch  said, "  you 
may  say  that  they  are  admirable  soldiers  ; 
I  have  only  one  fault  to  find  with  them — 
they  want  to  go  forward  too  fast — I  am 
obliged  to  hold  them  back.  They  want  to 
push  on  all  the  time  and  kill  as  many  Ger- 
mans as  they  possibly  can." 

When  these  gallant  American  divisions 
received  tlieir  baptism  of  fire,  fighting  mag- 
nificently beside  tlie  war-hardened  Frencli 
troops,  a  decisive  moment  in  the  war  had 
]>een  reached.  Tlie  comradeship,  the 
brotherhood,  between  the  French  and  the 
Americans  was  strengthened  upon  the  field 
of  battle,  and  their  blood,  shed  side  by  side 
for  the  same  just  cause,  sealed  forever  the 
union  of  these  two  great  nations. 

Rising  Japan 

An  eminent  Japanese  scholar  writes  from 
Tokyo  that  he  regards  Dr.  J.  T.  Sunderland's 
Rising  Japan  (G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons,  $1.25) 
as  distinctly  the  best  book  on  Japanese  civil- 
ization, the  aims  and  ideals  of  the  Japanese 
nation,  and  the  relations  of  Japan  with 
America,  that  has  appeared  from  any  pen.  He 
asks  permission  to  translate  it  into  Japanese. 

The  London  TSmts  devotes  two  column.s  to 
the  book,  giving  it  high  praise  and  urging  its 
wide  reading  in  Kngland  as  wtll  a.s  America. 


THE  OUTLOOK 


603 


Thi«  Costs 

5c 

Per   1000  Calories 


This  Costs 

57c 

Per    1000  Calories 


a^p> 


This   Costs 

60c 

Per    1000  Calories 


Suppose  It 
Cost  $3.20 

It  Would  Still  Be 
Economical 


You  pay  30  to  32  cents 
today  for  the  larj^e  package  of 
Quaker  Oats.  You  get  6,335  calorie.s, 
the  energy  measure  of  food  value. 

In  the  13-cent  ]iackage  \ou  get  just 
as  much  for  your  money. 

Sup[)()se  it  cost  ten  times  as  niucli. 
You  would  call  it  extravagant  food.  Biit 
sec  what  )-ou  pay  for  other  foods  to  get 
6,335  calories. 

Below  are  the  figures  at  the  prices 
of  today.  You  will  see  that  at  this  writ- 
ing many  foods  cost  more  than  ten  times 
Quaker  Oats  for  the  same  energy  units. 

So  meats  and  fish  average  fully  as 
much  as  Quaker  Oats  would  cost  \nu  at 
$3.20  per  large  package. 

And  more,  for  the  oat  is  better 
food.  It  is  better  balanced,  more  com- 
jilcte.    It  is  almost  the  iiieal  food. 

The  best  way  jiossible  to  bring  down 
lodd  iDst  is  III  serve  more  Quaker  Oats. 


Cost  of  6335  Calories 

In  Quaker  Oats 

-       -       $0.32 

In  Round  Steak    - 

-       -      2..S6 

In  Leg  of  Lamb 

-       -          3.00 

In  Veal  Cutlets     - 

-       -      3.56 

In  Halibut     - 

-       -         3.31 

In  Salt  Codfish      - 

-       -      4.87 

In  Milk   -       -       - 

-       -          1.22 

A  Superlative  Grade 
Two  Sizes :   12c  to  13c — 30c  to  32c 

Except  in  the  Far  West  aad>South 


Digitized  J3V- 


lO 


m 


y 


604 


THE   OUTLOOK 


11  Dccrmlx-r 


FINANCIAL    DEPARTMENT 


All  legitimate  questions  from  Outlook  readers  about  investment  securities  will  be  answered  either  by  personal  letter  pr 
in  these  pages.  The  Outlook  cannot,  of  course,  undertake  to  guarantee  against  loss  resulting  from  any  specific  invest- 
ment. Therefore  it  will  not  advise  the  purchase  of  any  specific  security.  But  it  will  give  to  inquirers  facts  of  record  of 
information  resulting  from  expert  investigation,  leaving  the  responsibOity  for  final  decision  to  the  investor.  And  it  will 
admit  to  its  pages  only  those  financial  advertisements  which  after  thorough  expert  scrutiny  are  believed  to  be  worthy  or 
confidence.    All  letters  of  inquiry  regarding  investment  securities  should  be  addressed  to 

THE  OUTLOOK  FINANCUL  DEPARTMENT,  381  Fourth  Avenue.  New  York 


INVESTMENTS 

that  jit  you 


K  DIFFICULT  problem  for  the  aver- 
age investor  is  to  determine  just 
the  kind  of  security  that  meets  his 
particular  requirements.  To  help 
solve  this  problem,  we  give,  if  de- 
sired, thorough  study  to  the  need§ 
of  each  client. 


Our  current  offerings  of  bonds 
and  short  term  notes  include 
issues  suitable  for  all  classes  of 
investors,  and  we  shall  be  glad 
to  advise  you,  upon  request,  which 
of  these  are  best  adapted  to  your 
needs. 


Ask  for  Circular  Z — 94. 


O) 


The  National  City  Company 

National  City  Bank  Building,  New  York 
FIFTH  AVENUE  OFFICE:  514  Fifth  Avenuc,  Cor.  43d  Street 


CORRESPONDENT  OFFICES 


Auun,  N.  T. 
T«D  Kyck  BMs. 

Atlahta,  Oa. 
Tniat  Co.  of  G*.  BMg. 

BALTmomB,  Hd. 
CharlaaA  Payette  8t>. 

BoeroH,  Habi. 
10  State  Straet 

BUTTAUS  M.  T. 

Mwine  Buk  BMs. 

CmcAOOiIix. 
in  So.  Lk  Ball*  at 


CnioiHiiATi,  Ohio 

Fourth  Natl.  Bk.BMc. 
Clbtblahd,  Ohio 

Gnardiui  Bids. 

Dattom,  Ohio 

Mutual  Home  BMs- 
Dbhthb,  Colo. 

ns  nth  Street. 

I>BTBorr.  MioH. 
147  OriewoM  Street 

Ba«tto>o,  Cohh. 
Conn.  Mutnal  BMs. 


IHDIAHAPOUI,  iMD. 

Fletcher  SaringB  A 
Tmat  Bldg. 
Kaxsas  Cmr,  Mo. 
BApnblic  Bids. 

Loa  AHOHLIB.  Cal. 
907  So.  Rprins  St. 

MUTKHAPOUB,  Mlim. 

McKnishtBldK. 
Nhwabk,  N.  J. 

790  Broad  St. 
Mhw  Orlhahr,  La. 

301  Baronne  St. 

LoHDOs,  K.  C.  3  Ens.    W  Biahopefrate. 


PHn.AniT.rmA^  Pa. 
14a  Cheatnut  Street 

PrrraBURBH.  Pa. 
Farmeie  Bank  BMs. 

PORTLAHD,  MAim 

396  Consreaa  St. 

PoRTLAifD,  Oaa. 
Railway  Exchanse  BMs. 

PlDTIDHNCa,  R.  I. 

Induatrial  Tnut  Bids- 

RicRiioRD,  Va. 
1214  Mutual  Bids. 


Sah  FKADoaoo,  Oai. 
4M  Cam  onila  St 


lTTLL  Wa 

lose  BMs. 


Wam. 


Hose 

BpRnisnHLO,  Mass. 
Srd  NaU.  Bank  BMs. 

St.  Loma,  Mo. 
Bk.  oi  Commeroe  BMs- 

WAaHineTOH,  D.  C. 
741  UUl  St.,  N.  W. 

WiLsi».BAK>a,  Pa. 
Minora  Bank  BMs- 


BONDS 


SHORT   TERM    NOTES 


ACCEPTANCES 


Digitized  by  VJW^^V  IV^ 


18 


THE   OUTLOOK 


eos 


HE  SHORT-TERM  NOTE  AND  THE  FAR-SIGHTED 

INVESTOR 


^  HOBT-TERM  notes  bearing  a  high 
^  rate  of  interest  have  been  the  instru- 
J  ments  emplojred  for  practically  all 
financing  during  the  war,  and  a  per- 
lent  question  in  this  period  of  transition 
ay  be.  Is  the  short-term  note  the  wisest 
vestment  policy  to-day  ? 
The  vogne  of  this  type  of  secarity  has 
ten  steafuly  increasing  tor  ten  years  or  so, 
ring  in  large  part  to  a  general  decline  in 
e  prices  of  high-grade  long-term  bonds, 
e  reasons  for  which  cannot  be  considered 
ire — the  topic  demands  extended  treat- 
ent  However,  it  may  be  well  to  review 
the  large  the  causes  which  since  our 
itrance  into  the  war  have  necessitated 
trporate  financing  through  the  short-time 
>te. 

The  public  is  well  aware  that  the  Adniin- 
tration  has  sought  through  the  War  Fi- 
ince  Board  and  the  Capital  Issues  Com- 
ittee  to  limit  the  issuance  of  securities  dur- 
g  the  war  in  order  that  investment  funds 
ight  be  reserved,  as  far  as  possible,  for . 
reasury  notes.  Liberty  Loans,  and  War 
tvings  Stamps. 

In  Uie  nature  of  the  case,  the  limitation 
IS  been  more  drastic  in  respect  to  munici- 
d  loans  than  to  those  of  private  corpora- 
ins,  for  the  reason  that  nearly  all  of  the 
>iects  for  which  municipalities  incur 
!Dt,  such  as  schoolhonses,  poor-faiins, 
ndge-building,  etc.,  could  be  postponed 
itif  the  end  of  the  war  without  serious 
itriment  to  the  well-being  of  the  commu- 
ty.  The  issuance  of  funded  credits  to 
■omote  the  extension  of  so-called  non- 
sential  industries  became  unnecessary  and 
inld  be  deferred  until  the  corporate  activi- 
i»  were  converted  into  channels  more 
rectly  connected  with  the  success  of  the 
IT.  While  many  industries  have  been  able 
id  compelled  to  curtail  activities  and 
wen  their  capital  requirements,  many 
hers  have  been  forced  to  enlarge  and 
lensify  their  activities.  Hence  we  find 
at  those  industries  wMch  contribute  to 
9  sustenance,  physical  protection,  and 
insportadon  of  tlie  soldier  to  the  scene 
Itattle  have  been  obliged  to  operate  on  a 
lie  never  before  known,  and  their  loan 
luirements  have  been  increased  accord- 
^y.  But  their  requirements  have  been 
creased,  not  only  by  the  extension  of  the 
de  of  operation  in  mere  bulk,  but  by  the 
;t  that  the  cost  of  raw  materials  and  such 
ints  as  they  have  had  to  construct  have 
en  jgreater  than  in  peace  times,  and  cur- 
it  inventories  have  increased  even  more 
m  in  the  ratio  of  war  to  pre-war  activi- 
I. 

File  first  and  natural  recourse  of  these 
porations  would  have  been  to  the  banks, 
ich,  other  things  being  equal,  could  very 
U  afford  to  extend  unusual  accommoda- 
as  to  borrowers  by  virtue  of  the  extraor- 
lary  earning  power  this  war  business 
1  created  ;  but  banks  in  turn  have  their 
n  relation  to  martial  affairs.  Quite  prop- 
Y,  they  have  been  obliged  to  keep  uiem- 
res  at  all  times  in  a  position  to  lend  to 
Government,  on  short-time  Treasury 
>er,  whatever  it  might  need  in  anticipa- 
I  of  the  funding  of  temporary  debts 
h  larger  Liberty  Loans.  And,  quite  im- 
perly,  from  an  academic  point  of  view, 
IKS  also  have  been  obliged  to  stand  rea<ly 
ibeorb  a  certain  amount  of  theHe  Liberty 
ins  themselves,  as  the  ultimate  under- 
ters  in  each  community  of  its  allotted 
ta.  So  banks,  in  turn,  have  felt  obliged 


to  suggest  to  many  industrial  corporations 
that  mey  should  fund  their  bank  accommo- 
dations by  the  issuance  of  more  formal 
credits  in  the  form  of  bonds  and  notes.  We 
thus  find  many  corporations  of  impeccable 
credit  which  nitherto  have  sought  accom- 
modations directly  from  the  banks  or 
through  the  issuance  of  commercial  paper 
now  going  to  the  general  public  for  tlieir 
funds  and  being  u>rced  to  compete  with 
the  Government  and  with  investment  op- 
portunities already  extant  in  the  public 
security  market. 

It  is  noteworthy  that  these  corporations 
have  for  the  most  pai*t  solicited  loans  from 
the  public  limitea  to  a  duration  of  fi-oiii 
one  to  seven  years.  There  have  been  ex- 
ceptions, of  course — notably  a  few  of  the 
better  railways,  which  have  successfully  ap- 
pealed for  ten-year  money  ;  but  the  maturi- 
ties that  have  been  most  popular  have  been 
those  three  to  five  years  distant.  In  some 
cases  the  loan  has  matured  all  at  one  dine, 
but  in  the  majority  the  maturities  have 
been  seriaL 

Apparently  the  borrowing  corporations 
hope  to  cancel  the  installment  indebtedness, 
in  part  at  least,  out  of  extraordinary  earn- 
ings. All  this,  from  the  view-pointof  the  wel- 
fare of  the  State  and  the  corporation,  is 
above  criticism  ;  but  now,  particularly  tliat 
the  fighting  is  ended,  this  department  of  The 
Outlook  can  properly  consiaer  recent  finan- 
cial tendencies  from  the  view-point  of  tlie 
investor,  whom  it  endeavors  to  serve. 

When  a  corporation  is  unwilling  to 
commit  itself  to  a  bonded  debt  running 
over  a  long  period  of  years  at  present 
interest  rates,  it  simply  means  that  the 
corporation  believes  tnat  the  debt  can  be 
refunded  later  at  a  lower  rate  of  interest. 

If  this  corporate  opinion  is  correct,  and 
we  see  no  reason  in  economics  or  financial 
history  to  dispute  it,  then  he  who  seeks  the 
placement  of  his  funds  for  an  indefinite 
term  of  years  can  well  afford  to  forego  the 
allurement  of  the  present  high  rate  of  in- 
terest that  short-term  loans  offer  for  the 
seemingly  less  attractive  but,  relatively 
speaking,  no  less  extraordinary  high  rates 
of  interest  that  long-term  loans  still  offer ; 
and  if  he  should  not  find  what  he  seeks  in 
the  new  loans  which  follow  now,  there  is 
no  reason  why  he  should  not  examine  the 
old  and  tried  issues  which  have  stood 
the  test  of  one  or  two  panics  and  a  world 
war. 

QUESTIONS  AND  ANSWERS 

Q,  1  have  recently  oome  iuto  poefieesioD  of  about 
S8,000,  which  I  should  like  to  invest  in  something 
which  will  iny  more  than  3H  to  4  per  cent.  1  have 
had  DO  experience  whatever  in  inveatiuK  money,  but, 
as  1  am  a  school-teacher  who  some  day  may  have 
to  depend  entirely  upon  the  income  derived  from 
the  above  amount,  1  should  like  to  learn  how  to 
invest  wisely.  Will  yon_  kindly  advise  me  what 
ooume  to  pursue  in  securins^  this  knowledge?  Do 
yon  consiaer  the  present  a  i^od  time  to  invest  ? 

A.  It  is  a  pleasure  to  reply  to  one  whose 
ideas  are  so  well  within  the  bounds  of  con- 
servative investment.  Too  great  stress, 
especially  in  the  case  of  an  inex]>erience<l 
investor,  cannot  be  laid  on  the  necessity  for 
safeguarding  one's  principal.  No  amount 
of  interest  or  opportunity  tor  profit  should 
outweigh  it. 

Tlie  present  time  sees  the  offering  of 
manv  high-grade  securities  at  jmces  w-liich 
we  believe  are  far  below  their  intrinsic 
value.  United  States  Government  bonds, 
the  best  security  in  the  world,  furnish  a 


For 
Re-investment 

NSVBR  havewehad  •  more 
attractive  Investment  list 
of  6f:  First  Mortgage  Real 
RatateSerlalOold  Bondiuues. 
All  of  the  Issoea  we  recom- 
mend are  marked  b7  more 
than  ordinary  stability  and 
safety.  And  all  are  backed  by 
new,  income-producing  prop- 
erty of  twice  or  more  than 
twice  the  value  of  the  issue. 
Mail  your  request  today  for 
our  Re-investment  List. 

Wrif  for  bookht,  "For  Rm-invmMlmmnt  " 

Federal  Bond 
&MortgageCo. 

Harry  Vf.  Pord.  Pre*. 
90  t  GriMWoU  Slrmmt  Dmlnil 

(«T0) 


75% 

earned  on  its 

COMMON  STOCK 

is  the  pcesent  record  oi  ao  old  established 
New  York  Slate  Corporation  manufactuiing  a 
Peace-time  necesuty.    A  limited  amount  of  the 

PREFERRED  STOCK 

can  DOW  be  obtained  on  •  10^  basis. 
Detalb  on  request 

A.  D.  CONVERSE  &  CO. 


Philadelphia,  Pa. 


a  Masaaa  St..  M.  X. 


DANFORTH  FARM  MORTGAGES 

represent  the  highest  type  of  bivestments.  Tbey  have 
stood  the  teat  of  wars  sod  husinesa  depzesskm , since 
1858-W  yeua,  and  slvnyi  worth  100%. 
Intereet  i»id  promptly  st  maturity. 

FABM  MORTOAOK  BOSDH  in 
•SOD  and  SI.OOO  denominations 
For  further  information  rsKarding  oar  Farm  Loans  and 
Bonds  write  for  Booliiet  mi  Investors'  List  No.  tS. 

A-GDanforth-tOo 


BANKER* 
WASHINQTON 


Founded  A.D.  IMS 

ILUNOIS 


FIRST 

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years    wllhout    thi-    l.»s-»   of  a   doIUr,  «re  | 
ufe.  iiroiiuMc  anJ  patriotic  lixestmeots. 
AericuUutc    itHiit    be    hn*uce<l.     Ltt   us  I 
send  you  .l.-scriiitive  lampfitct  •■  S  "  and  [ 
list  of  oiretiiiyfc.    Amounts  ti*  siiii. 

E.  J.  Ludtf  ft  Co.,  Grud  ForU.  N.  D. 


ESklNVF.ST   YOUR    SAVINGS 


JUaiikn.  TniRttM-M,  hiHtinuiif  CiFiiijttiucs,  Inntl- 

ItiitioiiK,  V.ic,  have  iiiv«-Hte<i  with  im  fur  yft^n 

w  itlumt  til*'  loHii  uf  a  rent  in  princiiml  ur  inter- 

4*Ht.   Iii-lividiialnare  invited  t4>tikkeiidviLiitat(e 

I  of  our  First  MurtKU^es  on  tiuproTed  fanuB,  $30()  aiid 
I  up.    '2^  years*  t^iix^nenre.    Our  reooni  ad  opeo  book. 
Write  for  full  itarticulAra. 

THE  FARM   MORTGAGE  TRUST  CO. 
503  Jackson  St.  Topeka.  Kansas 


Are  You  An  Investor  ? 

During  the  past  year  the  Financial  Depart- 
ment of  The  Outlook  has  helped  hundreds  of 
Outlook  readers  to  solve  intelligently  their 
particular  investment  problems.  Perhaps  you 
are  contemplating  a  shifting  of  your  present 
holdings  or  have  fresh  funds  to  invest  In 
either  case  we  shall  be  glad  to  give  you 
specific  information  on  anv  securities  in 
which  you  may  be  interested.  This  service 
is  entirely  free  to  Omtiaok  readers. 

The  Outlook  Financial  Departmental^ 

TW  (KrtUok  Ctmfmj,  381  ftmA  Avme,  If.  T-X  ^^ 


606 

Qutttioiu  and  Anneeri  (Continued^ 
venr  good  example  of  this.  Underlying 
railway  bonds,  especially  those  which  are 
legal  investments  for  savings  bank  and 
trust  funds,  first  mortoage  Mnds  of  good 
corporations,  and  bon(£  of  the  better  mu- 
nicipalities, are  all  securities  which  would 
meet  your  requirements.  In  the  bond  mai^ 
ket  of  late  there  has  been  a  growing 
demand  for  good  municipal  bonds,  and 
they  are  experiencing  a  consequent  rise  in 
price. 

It  would  be  worth  your  while  to  sub- 
scribe to  some  good  financial  magazine, 
8ucU  as  the  "Commercial  and  Financial 
Chronicle,"  if  for  no  other  purpose  than 
to  keep  in  touch  with  the  doings  of  the 
corporations  in  which  you  may  be  inter- 
ested and  with  the  market  for  dieir 
securities. 

There  are  not  many  text-books  which 
rover  the  whole  subject  of  investments. 
"The  Elements  of  Successful  Investing," 
by  Roger  W.  Babson,  was  written  with  Uie 
avowed  purpose  of  assisting  investors  in 
making  wise  selections.  Volume  XXX  of 
the  "  Annals  of  the  American  Academy  of 
Political  and  Social  Science"  (36th  and 
Woodland  Avenues,  Philadelphia,  Penn- 
sylvania) contains  some  very  instructive 
papers,  many  of  which  are  suitable  reading 
for  the  layman. 

Q.  I  have  SIO.OOO  of  hard-earned  money  which  I 
wish  to  invest  in  some  way  that  is  safe  and  will 
yield  7  to  8  per  cent.  I  have  had  no  expe- 
rience in  investing  money  in  this  way. 

A.  The  davs  in  which  a  high  degree  of 
safety  could  be  obtained  in  an  investment 
to  yield  8  per  cent  are  rapidly  passing. 

However,  some  of  the  good  short-term 
notes  can  still  be  had  to  vield  better  than 
7  per  cent.  Of  them,  tliose  which  are 
convertible  into  long-term  bonds — Inter- 
borough  Rapid  Transit  Company  7  per  cent 
notes,  for  example — ^are,  as  has  recently 
been  pointed  out  in  this  column, 'the  most 
attractive. 

We  feel  that  the  list  ^ven  below  is  fairly 
representative  of  this  class  of  securities 
and  that  investment  in  any  of  them  could 
be  made  with  a  reasonable  degree  of  safety. 
Any  good  bond  house  will  be  glad  to  fur- 
nish detailed  information  upon  request, 
and  after  you  have  made  selection  will  ship 
the  securities  purchased  to  yon  on  receipt 
of  check  : 

iSonthern  Railway  ^,  dne  March  2, 1919,  to  yield, 
about  T.Tri  per  cent. 

Bethlehem  .Steel  Corporation  7s,   due  1923,  to 


THE  OUTLOOK 


yield  abont  6.95  per  cent. 
Interborough  Rapid  Tn 
Ts,  due  1921,  to  yield  abont  7.55  per  cent. 


1  Transit  Company  convertible 


Anglo-French  convertible  5*,  dne  1!)2(>,  to  yield 
abont  7  per  cent. 

May  we  take  this  opportunity  to  empha- 
size the  necessity  for  safeguarding  one's 
principal  regardless  of  interest  return  and 
of  suggesting  that  the  selection  of  a  diver- 
sified list  of  investments,  as  opposed  to 
investment  in  a  single  security,  is  a  step 
in  that  direction  ? 

(^.  Wonld  you  advise  me  to  invest  92,500  in 
Umted  States  Rubber  first  preferred  stock  ? 

A.  The  first  preferred  stock  of  the 
United  States  Rubber  Company,  of  which 
there  is  $61,722,220  outstanding,  has  be- 
hind it  S36,000.0(X)  common  and  $403,600 
second  preferred.  With  the  exception  of  a 
lapse  to  4k  per  cent  in  1904  and  an  in- 
crease to  9  per  cent  in  1905,  8  per  cent 
dividends  have  been  paid  since  1903.  In 
1917  the  preferred  dividends  were  earned 
nearly  four  times  over,  and  at  the  end  of 
that  year  the  total  adjusted  surplus  was 
reported  as  S31,891,20< . 


THE  ADVENTURES  OF 
ARNOLD  ADAIR 

iy|ANY  readers  of  The  Outlook 
will  remember  with  pleas- 
ure those  interesting  stories  by 
Laurence  La  Tourette  Driggs, 
"The  Adventures  of  Arnold 
Adair,  American  Ace,"  that 
were  published  in  The  Outlook 
some  months  ago.  These  stories, 
with  many  additional  adventures 
of  Arnold,  have  been  published 
in  book  form  by  Little,  Brown 
&  Co.,  the  well-known  Boston 
publishers.  It  is  a  handsomely 
bound  volume  of  over  three 
hundred  pages,  containing  many 
illustrations  fi-om  original  draw- 
ings and  photographs,  and  will 
make  a  most  .attractive  Christmas 
Gift.  The  retail  price  of  the 
book  is  $1.35  net.  By  special 
arrangement  with  the  publishers 
we  are  able  to  offer  it  in  com- 
bination with  a  year's  subscripj- 
tion  to  The  Outlook  at  the  special 
price  of  $4. 35  for  the  book  and 
the  subscription.  Only  a  limited 
number  of  volumes  are  available 
for  this  offer,  which  will  be  with- 
drawn when  our  present  supply 
is  exhausted. 

Fill  out  the  accompanying  order  form  and 
return  to  ui  at  once  with  remittance  of 
$4.35;  we  will  extend  your  aubscriptioa 
for  one  year,  whatever  the  preaent  date 
of  expiration  may  now  be,  and  "The 
Adventures  of  Arnold  Adair "  will  be  aent 
to  you  immediately,  carefully  protected 
from  damage  in  transit,  all  charges  prepaid. 
This  offer  also  applies  to  a  new  aubscrip- 
tion,  but  does  not  apply  in  the  case 
of     subacriptions     aent     through     agent*. 

THE  OUTLOOK  COMPANY 

381  Fourth  Ave.,  New  York 

I  «ncloM  Four  Dollars  and  Thirty-fiTe  Cents,  for  which 
please  send  me  **  The  Adrentiires  of  Arnold  Adair,"  aU 
chatftes  prepaid,  and  enter  my  subscription  to  The  Outlook 
for  one  year  (or  renew  for  one  year  from  present  date  ai 
expiration) ,  in  aooordauce  with  the  terms  of  your  special  offer. 


yame. 


A*Uirf*$  . 


11  Deceah 

BY  THE   WAY 

A  hospital  orderly,  so  a  Canadian  » 
Bcriber  writes,  startled  his  patients  tl 
other  day  by  informing  them  that  Pw 
dent  Wilson  was  a  ninny  man :  be  « 
going  to  dress  up  in  the  Kaiser's  onifor 
and  take  a  German  warship  and  go  <m 
that  way  to  attend  the  Peace  Con^rena ; 
The  explanation  followed  shortly:  tl 
man  had  read  a  news  item  to  the  rffa 
that  President  Wilson  would  txavel  t 
Europe  in  the  Kaiser's  suite  on  a  fonn 
German  vessel,  etc. 

"  Some  years  aeo  we  had  in  scbod 
very  rollicking  and  mischievous  boy  fm 
South  Carolina,"  says  the  editor  of  lii 
"  Industrial  Student"  "  He  wa«  a  hri;;! 
fellow,  but  too  active  for  us.  When  be  vn 
to  the  colored  Methodist  church  and  rSiJ 
the  preacher's  gaudy  reading-lamp,  I  xnda 
my  hands  of  him.  At  a  later  conuneDremci 
he  came  to  report !  He  brought  a  rerur 
from  a  cotton-mill  which  was  tiiJy  aiuaziiii 
Then  he  became  the  manager  of  a  Ivj; 
bonded  warehouse  in  Georeia.  Now  \a 
must    address    him    an    '  First    •*»erg**ii 

,  Somewhere  in  France,'    Thrr 

was  that  in  him  which  would  not  down." 

An  indication  of  Japan's  good  ml 
toward  the  United  States  is  seen  in  lb 
establishment  of  a  scholarship  of  $>*i'>*  ii 
Honolulu,  Hawaii,  for  promoting  a  beCd 
understanding  between  the  two  roontno 
The  winner  of  the  scholarship  this  you  t 
Nobuo  Ishida,  and,  under  the  snprrrifioi 
of  a  committee  including  Marquis  Oknna 
he  will  have  the  privilege  of  studyiue  foa 
vears  in  the  United  States  in  the  collt-^dl 
nis  choice. 

Every  man  in  the  service,  says  an  Ai 
contributor  to  "  Judge,"  "  knows  the 
sible  results  of  a  typhoid  serum  inje<o<q 
They  can  therefore  understand  whv  PJi 
vate  Tttbbs  was  moaning  and  groaning  ■■ 
stead  of  snoring.  Finally  some  of  the  Ie4 
patient  ones  whom  he  was  keeping  ania 
Degan  to  direct  remarks  toward  liis  rfltj 
"  Snnt  up  down  there  ?'  "  Somebody  pot  i 
muffler  on  that  lily-livered  roug^erk 
and  the  like.  "  FeUows,"  responded 
sufferer,  patheticaUy,  "  I'm  a  sick  nun. 
telling  you — there's  been  many  a  man  dii 
feeling  better  than  I  do  !" 

A  patriotic  convict  in  the  FloreiM 
Arizona,  penitentiary  writes  that  he  hai 
claim  to  priority  in  regard  to  the  tlost 
"  unconditional  surrender."  "  On  June  111 
he  says,  "  I  wrote  two  letters,  one  tu  i 
'  Inland  Printer,'  Chicago,  and  the  other  I 
the  '  American  Printer,'  New  Yorit,  ».«  • 
appeal  for  the  adoption  of  similar  slogaMi 
These  letters,  he  states,  were  reproduceiiJ 
facsimile  by  the  magazines.  "  How*Tefl 
he  adds,  >'  the  editor  of  The  Outkxik  •! 
serves  all  the  credit,  for  it  was  his  editoii 
wliich  fertilized  the  movement." 

A  correspondent  notes  that  in  the  aiM 
"The  American  Tax -Gatherer,"  in  T 
Outlook  of  October  23,  p.  291,  the  »tii 
ment,  "  A  very  small  fraction  of  the  pnll 
lation,  1-4626,  or  about  one-fifth  of  one  f 
cent,  possesses  more  than  one-qnartrr 
all  the  wealth,"  should  read  "  an^fif* 
of  one  per  cent."  This,  of  coarse,  nol 
tlie  writer's  point  about  the  unequal  ivA 
bution  of  w^th  still  more  emphatic. 

An  odd  stoty  comes  from  one  of  And 
ica's   foremost    art    dealers.    In 
recently  he  found  that  a  picture  bv  Qi*' 
Matays,  the    Flemish   biacksmitb-pai>' 
had  been  sold  at  Christie's  to  a  resloirr 
Digitized  by  VJ^^VJV  IV^ 


1918 

JBya«  Tray(CWtiMed) 
S1,000.  He  looked  tlie  man  up  and  inquired 
the  price  of  the  painting.  The  restorer 
asked  $50,000!  The  dealer  told  him  this 
was  too  high  a  profit  on  $1,000,  and  offered 
S35,000,  which  was  refused.  A  few  days 
later  the  dealer  retomed,  willing  to  give 
the  $50,000,  but  found  that  the  picture  nad 
meanwhile  been  sold  to  a  collector  for  that 
BUin.  "  I  am  very  bullish,"  concluded  the 
dealer, "  on  the  outlook  in  the  art  bosiness, 
both  here  and  in  Europe." 

A  moot  point  in  English  grammar  is 
discossed  in  "Expressive  English,"  by- 
James  C.  Femald.  Shall  we  say, 

'  "  The  boy  stood  on  the  borning  deck. 
Whence  aU  bat  A<  had  fled," 
or, 

"  Wbeooe  all  bnt  him  had  fled  "  ? 
The  Une,  says  Dr.  Femald,  u  printed  dif- 
ferently in  different  editions  of  the  poet's 
works  that  seem  of  equal  authority.  "Some 
one,"  he  says,  "  has  edited  it.    But  which 
way  ? . . .  AtaO  events,  the  present  tendency 
is  to  treat  Init  in  such  use  as  a  conjunction, 
taking  the  same  case  after  it  as  before  it : 
"  No  one  escaped  the  wreck  bnt  he  ; 
The  wnck  vas  fatal  to  aU  bnt  Aim." 

Here  is  a  hint  to  artists  who  aim  for 
popular  appreciation :  A  man  and  his  wife, 
the  story  goes,  visited  the  Louvre  in  Paris. 
"  What  struck  you  most  among  the  pic- 
tures ?"  a  friend  asked  after  their  return 
home.  "  Oh,"  replied  the  man, "  a  painting 
that  represented  Adam  and  Eve,  with  the 
apple  and  the  serpent"  "  Yes,"  chimed  in 
the  wife ;  "  we  found  that  very  interesting, 
becaose,  you  see,  we  know  the  anecdote. 

Women  are  supposed  to  care  little,  as  a 
rule,  for  the  kind  of  humor  exhibited  in 
making  puns,  but  the  "People's  Home 
Joum^  credits  this  punning  retort  to  the 
heroine  of  the  dialogue :  "  He :  '  My  ideal 
of  a  wife  is  one  who  can  make  eood  oread.' 
She :  '  My  ideal  of  a  husband  is  one  who 
can  raise  the  dough  in  the  hour  of  knead.' " 

Apropos  of  the  above  joke  is  the  answer 
to  the  often  asked  question  as  to  the  origin 
of  "  doughboys."  Our  soldiers  are  so  called 
because  their  boss  is  a  Baker  and  our  allies 
needed  them  I 

The  sensitiveness  of  theatrical  stars  to 
theil*  place  on  the  posters  that  make  their 
presence  known  to  the  public  is  illustrated 
by  a  paragraph  in  the  "  Dramatic  Mirror." 
"  Frisco,"  a  lazz  dancer  of  vaudeville  fame, 
appears  with  Lorette  McDerraott  in  his 
specialty.  Frisco  wanted  to  have  his  act 
billed,  "  assisted  by  Lorette  McDerraott." 
The  young  woman  pointed  out  that  this 
made  her  out  a  mere  hired  hand,  whereas 
the  word  "  with  "  would  recognize  her  as  a 
"  performer  "  having  an  int^til  part  in  the 
act.  She  had  her  way  and  the  posters  now 
read  "  Frisco  WITH  Lorette  McDermott." 

The  war  correspondents  who  indulge  in 
lurid  rhetoric  must  hate  to  have  tlieir  finest 
flights  broken  up  by  the  unnerving  refer- 
ence to  the  page  farthest  back  among  the 
advertisements.  Listen  to  "  Collier's  "  man 
at  the  front  tell  about  the  barrage  fire: 
"It  was  eighteen  or  twenty  miles  ofamrou- 
nition  fitctories  exploding  all  together  and 
incessantly.  It  was  the  craters  of  the 
world's  greatest  volcanoes  strung  along  in 
a  line  and  all  in  violent  eruption.  It  was  a 
strip  of  the  literal  hell  of  legend  from 
which  the  Ud  had  been  lifted.  It  was  a  sea 
of  flame,  and  on  that  fiery  sea  a  s'orm  was 
raging.  Great  waves  of  (Continued  on 
page  J^)." 


THE  OUTLOOK 


607 


Eleoance  of  fashion  and 


impressive  wortK  and 
character  are  united  into 
one  surpassing  paper- 

jSmnes 
mnen  cmWn 

[the  oorrect  writinc  paper] 

Those  who  conform  to 
the  usages  of  good  form 
and  good  taste  select  one 
of  the  several  styles. 

tUaliU  sambUs  aerti  on  nauestjoriperdu-^cenk 

EATON,  CRANE  &  PIKE  CO. 

■    New  York     Pitt«fteld.Maa». 


Digitized  by 


Google 


608 


THE   OUTLOOK 


THE  OUnOOK  CLASSIFIED  ADVERTISING  SECTION 

Advertlslnft  Rates:  HoteU  and  RaaorU,  ApartmenU,  Tours  and  TraTd* 
R«al  £atat«.  Lire  Stock  and  Poultry,  fifty  cauti  per  agate  line,  four  columns  to 
Uie  page.  Hot  leas  than  four  lines  accepted.  In  calculating  mace  required  for  an 
adTertuement,  count  an  aTeiage  of  six  words  to  the  line  unless  display  type  is  desired. 

**  Want "  adTertisemoatSf  under  the  Tarious  headinn,  "  Board  and  Rotnns,"  "  Help 
Wanied,"  etc.,  ten  cents  for  each  word  or  initial.  Including  the  address,  for  each 
insertion.  The  first  word  of  each  "  Want "  adTertisement  Is  set  in  caoital  letters 
without  additional  charge.  Other  words  may  be  set  in  capitals,  if  desirea,  at  double 
rates.  If  answers  are  to  be  addressed  in  care  of  ITie  Outlook,  twenty-five  Cents  is 
duwged  for  the  box  number  named  in  the  advertisement.  Replies  will  be  forwanltnl  by 
ns  to  the  ad/ertiser  and  btU  for  postage  rcoidered.  Bpedal  haadiugs  appropriate  to  the 
department  may  be  arranged  for  on  application. 

Orders  and  copy  for  Classified  Advertisements  must  be  received  with  remittance  ten 
days  before  the  date  on  which  it  is  intended  the  adTertisemeut  shall  first  appear. 

Addrass:   ADVERTISING  DEPARTMENT,  THE  OUTLOOK 
381  FOURTH  AVENUE,  NEW  YORK  CITY 


Tours  and  Travel 
Go  to  Enripe  at  My  Expense  ''^^l'^ 

toy  fomins  a  luaMii  party  as  toon  u  oonditioiis 
will  allow.  Baiooci'b  EDaoriiix  and  Anai- 
<a»  Toma,  1137  Dam  St..  Brooklyn.  Eat.  MOO. 


Hotels  and  Resorts 


OON  NEOTIOUT 


wajrnde  inn  L,ftGhfleid  co.,  comi. 

Hw  foothillfl  of  the  tierlulilm.   A  reatful 

filaoe  (or  tired  people.  Good  food  and  a  ooiii- 
ortable  home.  2  honn  from  Mew  York.  $U 
a  week  and  up.  Booklet  A. 
Mr«.  J.  K.  CASTLE.  Proprietor. 

F  L  O  R  I  D  A 

DATTOMA.   FI.ORIDA 

Ideal  Winter  Resort 

PALMETTO  HOTEL 

haa  beat  kwaUoo,  whole  block  waterfront,  own 
dock,  hathtmc,  boatiiK,  flahing,  bimttng,  goU , 
etc.  M.OO  per  day.  Xxcellent  cooked  meals. 
Spaoial  weekly  or  aeaaon  rates.  Booklet  A. 


9AyiNd^lA@l    COTTAGES 


Bestrioted  residential  ivsort  near  famous 
Belleair  Qolf  Links.  Auto  service  to  Bt. 
Fetenlflirg  and  Clearwater.  Cottages  fur- 
nlshed-aU  city  eouTeniencea  ^00  to  S6IIV 
for  season.  Bucf  Bathing.  Boating.  Fiahnie. 
Sea  Foods.  Fruits.  Tampa  OfBoe,  Citiiens 
Bank  BIdg.  8t.  Petenburg  Office,  Foinaettla 
Hotel  BU&.  Bend  for  Ulustiated  folder. 
nwidiBstAD«wls>MtCsL.BeiO,MM«scfa.Fh. 

V«rniACniiini  ^o  o°al  necessary ;  flowers 

nannaannny  blooming,  boating,  fishing, 

M  T«M>««  C1«  bathing,  hundreds  of  miles 
ID  lampa,  ria.  wonderinl  motor  roads  amid 
palms  and  orange  grorea.   Busy,  bustling 


cHy,  amusemento,  reasonable  priced  res- 
taurants, hotels.  Many  opDortunitlea.  Wri- 
ter Booklet "  D."  Tampa  Board  o(  Trade. 


_   aiAS^SAC-HUAETTS 

If  foa  An  Tired  ar  Not  Fediiii  Well 

f  ou  oannot  find  a  more  comfortable  place  in 

New  Ruglaud  than 

THE  WELDON  HOTEL 

GRBENFIELD,  MASS. 

It  affords  all  tlie  comforts  of  home  without 

extravagance. 


NEW    YORK    CITY 

BOTEL  JUDSON  "^X'Sl"? 

adioining  Judsoo  Memorial  Church.  Rootus 
wiUi  and  without  batli.  Rates  S2.5(i  per  day, 
IncliidiiiK  meals.  Special  rates  for  two  weeks 
or  Hiore.  Location  very  central.  Convenient 
to  all  elevated  and  street  car  lines. 


Hotels  and  Resorts 


NEW    YORK    CITY 


Hotel  Le  Marquis 

31*t  Street  &  Fifdi  Awenne 

New  York 

Oombines   every  ooovenieooe   and   home 
oomfort,  and  commends  itself  to  people  of 


wishing  to  live  on  American  Plan 

and  be  within  easy  reach  of  sooial  and  dra- 
matic centers. 

Itoom  and  bath  HM  per  day  with  meals,  or 
$i.Sti  per  day  wiUiout  meals. 

Illustrated  Booklet  gladly  sent  npon 
request.  JOHN  P.  TOLSOST 


SOUTH    CAROLINA 


PINE  RIDGE  CAMP 

Aiken.  S.  C. 
Ideal  for  outdoor  Hfe  m  winter.  Main  house 
and  indiTldual  caUns.   Certified  city  water 
Northern  oookinK.   Rates  moderate.   Write 
IlinCBsniiLCrsehcrsrlbiKsrTLSiBbsiiJlfta^C. 


The  KIRKWOOD 

On  Cnmden  Heights 

SOUTH   CAROLINA 

OPKN  JANUARY  TO  MAT. 

18-hoIe  Oolf.  RIdlnB.  Cllm»t« 

T.  KDMUND  KRUMBHOLZ. 


Health  Resorts 


I  INDFNI'ns  l<ksl  PUes  ier  Sick 

Ueylsstewa,  rs.  Hn  fauticution  devoted  to 
tlie  personal  stndy  and  spedallxed  treat- 
ment of  the  invalid.  Massage,  Xlectricity, 
Hydrotherapy.  Apply  for  drcnlar  to 
ROBIBT  LirPlIICOTT  Waltmb.  M.D. 
(late  of  The  Walter  Bauiurluml 


Dr.  Reeves'  Sauitarium 

A  Private  Home  for  chronic,  nervous,  and 
tieuts.  Alsoelderly  people  requiring 
riet  g.  Reeves,  M.l>.,  Melroeg,  >!««»■ 


Real  Estate 


NEW  YORK 


Rural  Ufe  Co.  Kinderhook. 

Offer  134  acre  Lake  Farm ;   two  houses, 
bams,  wood,  and  Private  Lake.  •6.MIU. 


Real  Estate 


MA88AOHU8ETTS 


FOR  SALE— TOIafe  Fann  ««filir.*" 

Twenty  acrea,  two  double  hoosea,  town  water, 
near  chaTcb,  schools,  steam  and  electric  cars. 
Beautiful  location  for  summer  reaidence.  GoU 
links  and  tennja  cmirt.  Electric  llclite  ou 
street.  Hinsdale,  Mass.  T.  A.  FRI88ELL. 


Apartments 


Wanted,  in  N.  Y.  Gty  Jjj'  ^iTj^'f^ 

nlshed  apartment.  Two  or  three  rooms,  faath, 
kitchenette.  Below  nd  St.  t,^,  Outlook. 


CHRISTMAS    GIFTS 

COPLKT  CRAFT  CHRISTMAS  CARDS. 
Hand-colored,  with  specially  appropriat« 
veraea.  Sent  on  approval.  Consignments  for 
sales.  Discounts  to  these  selling  among  friends. 
Jessie  A.  McMiool,  U  Hnntli«ton  Ave.,  Boa- 
ton,  Mass. 


HELP  WANTED 


Business  Situations 
WOMEN  WORKERS  (executivea,  social 
workers,  nurses,  office  stenoeraphers  and 
clerks,  housekeepers,  etc.).  Whole  and  part 
time.  References  inrestiKatad.Central  Branch 
T.  W.  C.  Am  «10  Lexington  Ave.,  New  York. 
PJaia  10400. 

Companions  Mid  Domestic  Helpers 

SUPERINTBNDKNTS,  ■ecretariea.  gar- 
emo«see,matrona, dietitians,  mothers'  helpers, 
companions,  etc.  The  Wilton  Exchange,  Box 
270,  Bt.  Joseph,  Michigan. 

WANTED— Refined  woman  as  companion 
to  elrl  of  4.  References  required.  Mrs.  J.  R. 
Samord,  Cornwall,  Conn. 

YOUNG  girl  as  mother's  helper  and  to  care 
lor  seventeen  month  old  child.  Experience 
not  necessary.  Write,  giving  full  particulars, 
6,432,  Outlook. 

WANTED— Mother's  helper  tn  large  fam- 
ily located  near  Philadelphia,  Pa.  In  reply 
8W6  references  and  salary.  6,433,  Outlook. 

MOTHER'S  HELPER  and  companion 
needed  immediately,  eziierienned  with  young 
chiUien.  Good  salary  for  satisfartory  per- 
son. Conrenient  to  New  York  City.  Mrs. 
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Upper  Montolalr,  N.  J. 

Teachers  and  Oovernesses 

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dence. Boston,  16  Jackson  Kail,  Trinity 
Court,  Thursdays,  11  to  L 

OOTERNE8S  to  take  entire  charge  of  two 
girla,  9  and  6.  One  who  has  liad  previous  ex- 
perience and  who  can  phiy  piano  ud  give  pre- 
liminary instruction.  Btaxe  reference,  age, 
and  salary  expected.  6,417,  Outlook. 

WANTED— Competent  teachers  for  public 
and  private solioolft  and  colleKe*.  Bend  for  hnl- 
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WANTED  in  New  Haren,  Conn.,  young 
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and  six.  American,  English,  or  French  ac- 
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INQUIRIES  already  coming  in  for  teachers 
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and  Educational  Agency,  Cam^fie  Hall,  N.  Y. 


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COMPETENT  woman  win  act  as  private 

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or  llteraiy  work.   WonkI  go  South  for  winter 

or  abroad.  6,4',J9,  Outlook. 
CULTURED,  contcenial  young  woman  as 

social  secretary ;  adaptable  in  many  wayn ; 

with  references.  6,435,  Outlook. 


SITUATIONS  WAWTED 


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SUPERINTBNDENCT  or  other  , 

In  boys*  oorrective  institntton  danrvd  by 
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Good  honaekeeper  and  oompanionahlr  €.4:.':. 
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REFINED  American  woman  deajrva  pos- 
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Box  554,  Anmemt.  Maaa.      


MISCELLANEOUS 

PARENTS— nia  wm  of  tha  man  wiui  ortah- 
lished  Southern  Piues  aud  niada  potmbir 
Piuehurst  is  to  establish  a  meet  psvebcsl 
boys*  permanent  winter  and  mimiiMW  imaip. 
Instructioa  in  every  line  that  la  iiiii  in— ij  b> 
turn  into  the  bosmeas  world  perfect  asen. 
Thia  man  by  training  fitted  himaetf  to  cmrry 
out  a  great  work.  Farauts  who  wmut  tbr& 
sons  tu  get  the  best  of  life  write  .ImnicBi  C. 
Patrick,  Judgft  Advocate,  U.  8.  Court  Marital. 
Washiu^rtoa  Barracks,  Waatdngton.  1).  C 

CHRISTIAN  Scientist,  able  to  beto  ajcfc  at 
nnh^pr  people,  desires   poiitioit  ohaai 
and  visitinff  companion,  Tictoity  Plulad*q 


__  _juaic  cfaiuwvn. . 

Ufe.  boiseback-ridtng'  Splendid 
reader;  enerienced  aecretuy. 

nly  p 


etary.    Only  persona 
manage    KeotH 


Objwfft  1 

means' uply.    WinUd 


(prefermbly  wrttg'al 
co\iutry  home  where  help  kept.  wi|;iM^ 
references.  6,435^  Outlook. 

PATRIOTISM  by  Lyman  Abbott,  also  4 
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GIRL,riKhte«n,  needs  money  to  attend 
school.  Will  pay  back  when  throiigh.  Plaasc 
write  «.tiO,  Outlook. 

WILL  eomeone  share  their  apwrtittcsit, 
studio,  or  house  with  young  woman  7  Bcfer- 
encea  exohangred.  6,4:i4,  Outlook. 

MINIATURE  artist  aolicita  ov^n-  6L4a^ 
Outlook. 


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fix  many  years  editor  of  Lippincott's  Magazine,  and 
a  ttaff  of  literary  experts.  ConstructiTe  critictsm. 
Frank,  honest,  helpful  advice.      Real  teaching* 

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The  Outlook 

CoprriKht,  1918,  by  The  Outlook  Company 

TABLE  OF  CONTENTS 

Vol.  120      December  18,  1918       No.  15 

TBI   ODTUWK    n  PITBLUHBD  WSBKLT  IT  THl  0UTI<00K  OOHTAHT, 

3ai    roDBTH    ATBnm,    nw    tork.      i.iwuncx    r.    Abbott, 
PBBIUHOIT.     R.  T.  vrTLairBB,  Tum-nLniDBHT.     raun  c.  rott, 

TBBASUBn.         IMHBaT    R.    ABBOTT,    BBOBBTABT.         TRAYBBI    D. 
OABIIAR,      AOTBBTnma      KUAOBS.  TBABLT      lUieOBimOH— 

nrrr-Two  neme— loini   soujuu    n   astabob.       bbtkbbd 

A*      eBOORD-OLAie      KAmB,      JULT     21,     1893,     AT     THB     rO*T 
<»naB     AT     BRW    TOBK,    DRDBB    THB     ACT    Or    HABOR    3,     1879 


The  Department  Reports 611 

The  Secretary  of  War 611 

The  Secretary  of  the  Navy 611 

The  Secretary  of  the  Treasury 612 

The  Secretary  of  Agriculture 612 

The  Postmaster-General 612 

The  Secretary  of  the  Interior 613 

The  New  Secretary  of  the  Treasury 613 

Government  Investigations 614 

Federalizing  the  British  Empire 614 

Canada's  Victory  Loan 614 

Cartoons  of  the  Week 615 

Prostitution  :  Repression  vs.  Regulation.  616 

The  League  of  Nations 616 

The  Invasion   of  America  by  France 616 

An  Island  Cinderella 617 

An  Appeal  for  the  Belgian  Protestants..  617 
Industrial  Injustice :  Five  Proposed  Rem- 
edies    617 

A  Little  Sermon  on  Free  Verse 619 

The  Polish  Question 620 

American  Railways  in  France 621 

Not  Vengeance  bnt  Vindication 621 

By  Henry  ven  Dyke 

Ambassador  Morgenthau's  Story 622 

The  Peace  Conference  at  Versailles :  Ill- 
Pains  and  Penalties  Before  the  Congress 

of  Nations 623 

By  Albert  Baehnell  Heit 

Hymn  for  the  Victorious  Dead 625 

Worde  by  Hcrmsoa  Hatedom.  Muaie  by 
Horatio  Parker 

A  Poet  of  Beauty  and  Magic 627 

The  Aspirations  of  Poland 628 

By  Weelaw  O.  Coreki 

One  Way  to  Cure  Hypbenism 632 

By  William  B.  Brooke 

Current  Events  Illustrated 633 

The  Adventures  of  Thiophile:  II— "The 

Super-Cook  " 6.% 

By  Donal  Hamilton  Hainee 

Tommy  Atkins  (Poem) 638 

By  Edgar  Gneat 

The  Morning  Watch 638 

By  William  L.  Siidier 

The  Thousand-Dollar  Mansion 639 

By  Bolton  HeU 

The  Vicksburg  Surrender 639 

Weekly  Outline  Study  of  Current  History  644 
By  J.  Madiion  Galhany,  A.M. 

The  New  Books 640, 

Extensive   Use   of    Parcel    Post    Trucks 

Planned  by  Post  Office  Ospartmant. , .  642 

Good  Roads  as  a  National  Necessity...  642 

By  the  Way 644 


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The  Outlook 

DECEMBER  18,  1918 

Offices,  381  Fourth  Avenue,  New  York 


THE   DEPARTMENT  REPORTS 

This  year  the  annual  reports  of  the  Secretaries  of  War, 
the  Navy,  the  Treasury,  Agriculture,  Post  Office,  and  the 
Interior  are  of  unique  interest  because  tbey  come  at  the  close 
of  the  great  world  war.  Each  of  the  reports  deals  with  the 
phases  of  that  war.  It  is  impossible  in  a  brief  newspaper  article 
to  review  them  in  full.  We  can  only  call  attention  to  certain 
outstanding  features  of  these  reports. 

THE  SECRETARY  OF  WAR 

The  dramatic  feature  of  Secretary  Baker's  report,  just  laid 
before  Congress,  is  General  Pershing's  complete  account  of  the 
acoomplishmentof  the  American  Army  in  France.  This  appears 
as  an  appendix  to  Mr.  Baker's  report.  Both  should  be  published 
in  permanent  form,  made  accessible  to  every  one,  and  kept  in 
private,  as  well  .as  in  public,  libraries  for  reference  and  be«iuse 
of  their  historic  importance. 

General  Pershing's  narrative  is,  like  the  man  himself,  simple, 
clear,  and  efficient.  He  carefully  refrains  from  high-flown  en- 
comiums or  self-glorification.  The  only  phrase  which  expresses 
strong  feeliiyi;  will  win  the  approval  and  concurrence  of  all 
Americans.  General  Pershing  says :  "  I  pay  the  supreme  tribute 
to  our  officers  and  soldiei-s  of  the  line.  When  I  think  of  their 
heroism,  their  patience  under  hardships,  their  unflinching  spirit 
of  offensive  action,  I  am  filled  with  emotion  which  I  am  unable 
to  express.  Their  deeds  are  immortal  and  they  have  earned  the 
eternal  gratitude  of  our  counti^." 

There  is  no  fault-finding  in  General  Pershing's  report,  but 
he  recognizes  existing  facts  as  to  America's  dependence  on  others. 
Thus  he  says,  bluntly : 

Our  entry  into  the  war  found  us  with  few  of  the  auxiliaries 
necessary  for  its  conduct  in  the  modern  sense.  Amone  our  most 
important  deficiencies  in  material  were  artillery,  aviation,  and 
tanks.  In  order  to  meet  our  requirements  as  rapidly  as  possible, 
we  accepted  the  offer  of  tlie  French  Government  to  provide  us 
with  the  necessary  artillery  equipment  of  seventy-fives,  one-fifty- 
five  millimeter  howitzers,  and  one-fifty-five  G  P  F  guns  from 
their  own  factories  for  thirty  divisions.  The  wisdom  of  this  course 
is  fully  demonstrated  by  the  fact  that,  although  we  soon  began 
the  manufacture  of  these  classes  of  guns  at  home,  there  were  no 
euns  of  the  calibers  mentioned  manufactured  in  America  on  our 
front  at  the  date  the  armistice  was  signed. 

There  are  some  things,  essential  for  war,  which  cannot  be 
improvised.  There  are  few  military  lessons  to  be  drawn  from 
the  world  war  more  to  the  point  than  that  (until  proportional 
or  universal  disarmament  takes  place)  ships,  airpl^es,  and 
armament  should  be  ready  for  possible  attacks. 

The  problem  that  confronted  the  American  Army  in  France 
was  simple — that  is,  simple  to  understand,  although  neither 
simple  nor  easy  to  carry  out.  General  Pershing  puts  it  tersely  : 
With  the   French  and   British    armie's  at  their  maximum 
strength,  and  when  all  efforts  to  dispossess  the  enemy  from  his 
firmly  intrenched  positions  in  Belgium  and  France  had  failed,  it 
was  necessary  to  plan  for  an  American  force  adequate  to  turn 
the  scale  in  favor  of  the  Allies.   Taking  account  of  the  strength 
of  the  Central  Powers  at  that  time,  the  immensity  of  the  prob- 
lem which  confronted  us  could  hardly  be  overestimated. 

It  is  impossible  here  to  follow  the  soldierly  narrative  of  the 
efficient  work  done  by  the  separate  armies,  divisions,  and  corps 
of  the  American  troops.  To  each  their  commanding  genei^ 
moderately  and  quietly  assigns  its  due  share  of  the  total  work. 
Cantiffny,  Chateau  Thierry,  Belleau  Wood,  St.  Mihiel,  the 
seoona  Iwttle  of  the  Mame— all  these  are  recorded  with  precis- 
ion. So  also  is  the  brilliant  fighting  of  the  Second  Corps  (27  th 
and  80th  Divisions),  which  helped  the  British  to  break  the  Hin- 


denbiu^  Line.  Properly  enough,  most  emphasis  is  laid  on  our 
offensive  in  the  region  of  the  Argonne  Forest  and  the  Meuse 
River.  This  was  prolonged,  difficult,  exhausting ;  it  was  less 
sudden  and  sensational  than  some  of  the  other  work  of  our 
Army ;  but  it  occupied  a  month  of  continuous  fighting  and 
involved  terrible  losses.  More  than  anything  else  our  Army  did 
it  helped  to  crush  and  worst  the  German  army  and  make  Ger- 
man defeat  inevitable. 

Secretary  Baker  recapitulates  facts  now  well  known  as  to 
our  enlistment,  shipping  of  men  abroad,  and  equipment.  Two 
things  only  strike  one  in  the  report  as  new  and  important. 
One  is  the  Secretary's  statement  that  it  is  impossible  to  take  up 
the  question  of  permanent  army  organization  now  because  "  the 
military  needs  of  the  United  States  cannot  be  prudently 
assessed  until  that  Conference  shall  have  determined  the  future 
international  relations  of  the  world." 

The  other  point  of  special  interest  is  the  convincing  evidence 
of  the  value  of  the  Browning  machine  gun,  which  does  not, 
however,  at  all  militate  against  the  criticism  that  other  machine 
guns  recognized  as  excellent  should  have  been  manufactured 
during  the  long  period  of  experimentation  with  the  Browning 
gun. 

As  to  airplanes,  the  Secretary  states  that  1,900  planes  had 
been  shipped  to  France  before  the  armistice,  while  the  French 
Government  had  provided  2,676  planes  for  American  use.  We 
may  add  to  General  Pershing's  praise  of  our  troops  in  the 
Ai^onne  Secretary  Baker's  remark  that  the  meeting  of 
French  and  American  troops  at  the  historic  city  of  Sedan  on 
November  7  "sign^ized  the  defeat  of -the  (German  anns,  a 
defeat  as  decisive  and  humiliating  as  that  forced  upon  France 
forty-seven  years  before  at  the  same  spot." 

THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  NAVY 

Mr.  Daniels's  report  is  marked  by  a  vivid  account  of 
the  work  of  the  American  Marines  at  Chateau  Thierry  and 
Belleau  Wood  on  the  western  front  Mr.  Daniels  is  justly  proud 
of  the  Marines  and  their  accomplishments.  The  benefits  of  the 
drill  in  rifle  shooting  in  our  training  camps  and  cantonments  are 
strikingly  set  forth : 

Their  sharpshooting — and  in  one  regunent  ninety-three  per 
cent  of  the  men  wore  the  medal  of  a  marksman,  a  sharpshooter, 
or  an  expert  rifleman — has  amazed  the  soldiers  of  European 
armies,  accustomed  merely  to  shooting  in  the  general  direction 
of  the  enemy.  Under  the  fiercest  fire  Hiey  have  calmly  adjusted 
their  sights,  aimed  for  their  man  and  killed  him,  and  m  bayonet 
attacks  their  advance  on  machine-gim  nests  have  been  irresistible. 

The  story  of  what  these  men  did  during  the  past  summer  can- 
not be  epitomized.  It  ought  to  be  read  in  its  entirety,  and  the 
Secretary's  report  may  doubtless  be  obtained  by  writing  directly 
to  the  Department  or  to  one's  Congressman  or  Senator.  The 
Secretary  also  reviews  with  gratefm  appreciation  and  proper 

?ride  the  achievements  of  the  Navy  its^.  He  shows  that  on 
October  1  of  this  year  there  were  338  United  States  naval 
ships  abroad,  with  five  thousand  officers  and  seventy  thousand 
enlisted  men.  This  force  of  ships  and  men  is  greater  than  the 
total  force  of  the  entire  Navy  at  the  outbreak  of  the  war. 

The  growth  and  accomplishments  of  the  United  States  Navy 
under  the  administration  of  Secretary  Daniels  have  filled  the 
country  with  satisfaction  and  pride.  To  use  the  vernacular  of 
the  street,  Mr.  Daniels  has  "  made  good,"  and  the  country  will 
therefore  listen  with  respect  and  probably  approval  and  assent 
to  his  recommendation  that  construction  and  extension  in  the 
Navy  be  maintained.  It  is  the  first  line  of  defense,  and  even  if 
a  successful  League  of  Nations  is  established,  a  large  and  strong 

Digitized  by  VjO^^VIV^ 


612 


THE   OUTLOOK 


18  Deoemkt 


American  Navy  wiU  be  of  prin^  importance  as. a  oonstractive 
6u!tor  in  maintaining  both  peac^  and  the  tnuje,  arts,  ^d  public  f. 
works  of  peace.  ,.  :-    •      '      '  * 


THE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY 

Mr.  McAdoo,  the  retiring  Secretary  of^the  Treasury,  deals 
with  the  "stupendous  financial  needs  of  America  and  the 
nations  associated  with  her  in  the  prosecution  of  the  war."  The 
United  States  has  performed  its  share  of  this  gigantic  task  with 
tmprecedented  success. 

"  The  payment  into  the  Treasury  of  vast  sums  in  war  taxes 
and  from  bond  sales,  and  the  transformation  of  our  varied  and 
complex  economic  life  to  the  supreme  task  of  winning  the  war, 
have  been  accomplished  without  shock  or  financial  disturbance. 
The  credit  and  business  structure  of  the  Nation  remain  sound 
and  strong." 

In  supporting  the  Liberbr  Loans  the  American  people,  sajrs 
Mr.  McAdoo,  have  pursued  a  policy  of  thrift  and  sound  econ- 
omy which  will  mean  much  in  our  National  and  social  life. 

"  The  hope  is  earnestly  expressed  that  with  the  return  of  peace 
the  American  people  will  continue  to  foster  the  habits  of  ttirift 
and  avoidance  of  waste.  The  happiness  and  prosperity  of  every 
people,  individuaUy  and  collectively,  rest  upon  uieir  ability  to 
save  more  than  uiey  sx)end.  The  campaign  for  war  savmgs 
should  have  a  permanent  effect  in  stimulating  and  encouraging 
peace  savings.  The  habit  of  thrift  is  one  of  the  benefits  of  the 
war  that  must  be  permanently  secured  to  the  American  people." 

The  sale  of  War  Savings  Stamps  has  been  as  significant  as 
the  subscription  to  the  -Liberty  L<»n.  Up  to  November  1, 1918, 
the  Government  had  sold  for  cash  over  eight  hundred  million 
dollars'  worth  of  these  stamps. 

Another  gigantic  undertaking  of  the  Treasury  Departihent 
has  been  that  of  the  insurance  of  ships,  cargoes,  and  seamen. 
The  scope  of  this  undertaking  is  realized  by  an  interesting  com- 
parison. On  January  1, 1918,  the  total  "  ordinary  life  insurance 
m  force  in  all  American  companies  both  here  and  abroad  was 
only  121,315,000,000,"  while  on  October  31  of  this  year  the 
Government  had  nearly  thirty-six  billion  dollars  of  life  insur- 
ance in  force.  In  marine  insurance — that  is,  the  insurance  on 
vessels  and  cargoes — for  the  four  years  ending  Jime  30, 1918, 
the  Government  had  paid  and  incurred  losses  amounting  to  about 
$35,000,000.  It  had  received  in  premiums  over  $43,000,000. 
This  Department  is  therefore  in  veiy  sound  condition  financially. 

We  have  never  quite  understood  why  the  health  of  thepeople 
of  the  United  States  should  be  in  charge  of  the  Treasury,  unless 
it  may  be  that  public  health  is  considered,  as  it  oiight  to  be,  one 
of  the  greatest  of  onr  assets.  At  all  events,  the  United  States 
Public  Health  Service  is  one  of  the  important  bureaus  of  the 
Treasury  Department.  It  oversees  the  health  and  sanitation  of 
all  great  industrial  plants  having  contracts  with  the  Ordnance 
Bureau  of  the  War  Department,  and  it  does  a  great  amoimt  of 
work  in  the  way  of  scientific  investigation  and  of  reporting 
means  of  prevention  of  disease  and  arresting  epidemics. 

The  collection  of  customs,  revenue,  and  income  taxes  is  a 
great  undertaking  in  itself,  and  entails  the  receipt,  tabulation, 
and  bookkeeping  of  inconceivably  large  sums  of  money.  To  the 
taxpayer  one  m.  the  pleasantest  things  about  the  Treasury 
report  is  that  the  Secretary  suggests  that  the  amount  to  be 
raised  by  taxation  for  the  fiscid  year  ending  June  30, 1919, 
eight  bilHon  dollars,  can  now,  as  the  war  is  over,  be  reduced  to 
six  billion  dollars,  and  that  for  the  year  1920  the  Government 
should  provide  for  taxation  o%  about  four  billion  dollars.  This 
recommendation  of  a  welcome  reduction  in  taxes  has  been 
approved  by  the  President. 

THE  SECRETARY  OF  AGRICULTURE 

To  many  people  the  nxUfit  striking  feature  in  the  Secretary 
of  Agriculture  s  report  will  be  his  summary  of  what  we  have 
done  in  production.  As  he  says,  it  is  one  thing  to  ask  a  man  to 
save,  it  b  another  to  ask  him,  confronted  as  he  is  by  the  chances 
of  the  market  and  the  risk  of  loss  from  disease,  flood,  and 
drought,  to  put  his  labor  and  capital  into  the  production  of 
food,  feeds,  and  the  raw  material  for  clothing. 

As  size  of  harvest  is  thus  not  always  the  measure  of  the 


farmers'  efforts  to  secure  increased  production,  those  efforts  an 
better  indicated  in  terms  of'.planting  acreage.  During  the  fine 
yea^  of  our  partidp^tion  m  the  war  the  farmers  planted  11 
the  leading  cereals  and  in  ootton,  potatoes,  and  tobaooo  some 
22,000,000  acres  more  than  in  the  preceding  year,  and  daring 
the  present  year  nearly  6,000,000  acres  over  that  previous  reootd 
year,  the  total  acreage  being  nearly  290,000,000  acres. 

The  aggr^^te  yield  of  tiie  leading  cereals  in  each  of  tiieae 
years  exceeded  that  of  any  preceding  year  in  the  Nation's  his- 
tory except  1915. 

While,  on  the  basis  of  recently  previpling  prices,  the  valoe 
of  all  the  1918  crops  and  live  stock  is  estimated  at  no  less  thu 
$24,700,000,000,88  compared  with  $21,325,000,000  for  1917 
and  $15,800,000,000  for  1916,  the  startling  increase  does  ixrt 
mean,  the  Secretary  pertinently  points  out,  that  **  the  Nation  is 
better  off  to  that  extent."  It  only  means  that  "  the  monetaiy 
returns  to  the  fiumers  have  been  incr^ised  proportiiniately  with 
those  of  other  groups  of  producers  in  the  Nation, and  that  thor 
purchasing  power  has  kept  pace  in  the  rising  scale  of  prices." 

THE  POSTMASTER-GENERAL 

One  &ct  reported  by  the  Postmaster-Goieral  will  be 
greeted  by  the  average  reader  with  a  mixture  of  surprise  and 
^easure.  For  the  fis^  year  ending  June  30,  1918,  the  Pa^ 
Office  Department  made  a  profit  of  twenty  million  dollars.  Th« 
Postmaster-General  does  not  say  why,  in  view  of  these  figorat, 
the  ^tal  rates  on  letters  and  on  newspapers  have  beat  so 
strikmgly  increased.  Perhaps  it  was  be«uise  he  feared  that 
the  incr«tsed  cost  of  labor,  material,  and  transportation  would 
during  the  current  year  wipe  out  this  handsome  profit.  The 
Post  Office  is  one  of  the  departments  of  the  Government  tiut 
pays  its  own  way.  If,  in  a  budget  system,  the  other  depart- 
ments of  the  Government,  including  Congress,  were  diaiged 
for  the  postage  they  expended  and  the  Post  Office  was  thereby 
credited  with  the  work  which  it  does  for  the  other  departmeoti, 
the  profitable  nature  of  our  Post  Office  service  would  be  nude 
still  more  dear.  It  would  be  a  very  simple  matter  to  issne 
stamps  to  all  Government  departments  and  employees  now  using 
the  franking  privilege,  and  uius  find  out  exactly  the  amount  <i 
work  which  the  Post  Office  is  doing  for  other  branches  of  the 
Government,  work  for  which  it  now  gets  no  credit  whatever. 

The  ordinary  observer  will  have  noticed  that  there  has  been 
a  great  improvement  in  the  public  post  offices  of  the  country 
and  in  the  appearance  of  the  wagons  and  motor  trucks  curying 
the  mails  in  our  large  cities.  Formerly  mail-carrying  by  wagons 
Mras  entirely  done  under  contract,  and  the  contractors  naturaDj 
made  their  equipment  as  cheap  as  possible.  The  result  was  that 
a  few  years  ago  the  wagons  bearing  the  l^end  ""  United 
States  Mail "  and  the  horses  that  hauled  them  were  often  dis- 
reputable and  mortifying  to  the  Ameriom  who  takes  pride  in 
the  outward  appearance  of  Governmental  activities.  The  Post- 
master-General reports  that  the  policy  of  "  Govermnent-owned 
city  motoivvehicle  service"  has  been  steadily  extended.  The 
Department  now  owns  and  operates  in  twelve  large  cities  of  the 
country  a  total  of  1,004  automobile  trucks  which  require  "  the 
services  of  approximately  1,200  persons  employed  as  mechan- 
ics, chauffeurs,  garage  men,  supervisory  officials,  and  derks." 
The  Outlook  is  m  favor  of  this  kind  of  Government  operation, 
and  hopes  it  wUl  rapidly  be  substituted  for  cheap  contract  work 
Neatness  and  beauty  in  all  material  aspects  of  Grovemment 
activities  constitute  a  real  factor  in  promoting  respect  for  and 
pride  in  the  Government  among  the  citizens. 

The  Postal  Savings  System  has  steadily  grown.  The  deponti 
for  the  year  amoimted  to  nearly  one  hundred  and  fifty  millioD 
dollars,  and  were  received  at  more  than  six  thousand  post-office 
branches  and  stations.  The  amoimt  that  a  single  depositor  may 
have  to  his  credit  in  the  Postal  Savings  Bank  has  been  inoreaaed 
from  $1,000  to  $2,500.  The  Postal  Savings  Bank  has  moi«  than 
justified  itself,  and  it  is  interesting  now  to  look  back  <mly  a  fev 
years  to  the  time  when  American  bankers  as  a  class  opposed 
the  establishment  of  the  system  on  the  ground  that  it  was  going 
to  hurt  the  banking  business.  As  a  matter  of  fact,  the  system 
has  proved  to  be  a  great  promoter  of  thrift,  and  therefore  a  great 
feeder  of  the  banks. 

One  of  the  newer,  most  serviceable,  and  most  interesting 

Digitized  by  VJ^^VJV  IV^ 


18 


THE  OUTLOOK 


613 


ranches  of  the  Post  Office  is  tiie  Raral  Mail  Service.  It  will 
itonish  some  of  our  readers  to  learn  how  large  a  proportion  of 
le  people  of  the  United  States  are  directly  benefit^  by  this 
Tvice.  During  the  last  post-office  year  more  than  twenty-seven 
lillion  persons,  or  six  million  families,  were  served  by  rural 
irriers,  at  a  cost  of  fifty-three  million  dollars.  It  is  sometimes 
lid  that  the  Government  is  incapabletof  business  administration 
id  that  all  business  functions  should  be  left  to  private  Individ- 
ds.  The  Foetal  Savings  Bank  and  the  Rural  Mail  Delivery 
)  far  to  refute  this  general  contention. 

Not  one  of  the  least  interesting  functions  of  the  Post  Office 
department  ia  its  suppression  of  swindlers  and  vicious,  fraudu- 
•at,  or  ill^al  advertisements  by  the  denial  of  the  mail  privilege 
>  these  enemies  of  social  order.  This  is  done  by  a  carefiu  system 
I  inspection,  and  even  where  fraud  orders  closing  the  mail  to 
ich  violators  are  not  issued  the  warning  given  by  examination 
r  investigatioD  is  often  sufficient  to  put  a  stop  to  the  irregular 
ractioes. 


HE  SECRETARY  OF  THE  INTERIOR 

The  country  has  oome  to  expect  a  very  readable  report 
■om  Secretary  Ldme,  who,  although  a  lawyer  by  profession 
nd  a  Government  executive  of  wide  and  long  experience, 
sceived  his  earliest  training  as  a  daily  newspaper  man.  His 
resent  report  will  not  disappoint  that  expectation.  In  addition 
>  the  interesting  and  important  facts  and  figures  concerning 
le  ordinary  yearly,  monuily,  and  daily  duties  of  the  Depart- 
lent  of  the  Literior  in  this  report^  Secretary  Lane  lays  em- 
basis  upon  two  concrete  suggestions.  The  first  concerns  our 
•turning  soldiers : 

Out  of  every  moath  and  from  every  heart  will  come  the  words, 
"  Well,  home  sore  looks  good  to  me  f" 

They  will  be  looking  at  ns,  too !   And  in  their  look  will  be  a 

rery,  one  thought  over  in  the  trench  at  night,  and  on  the  long, 
w  "  alog,  sloe,  slog  "  of  the  day's  march :  "  What  is  my  life  to 
be  when  I  get  home?  Am  I  to  go  hustling  for  a  job  or  will  the 
old  place  b«  mine?  Bat  if  a  girlhas  that  place  and  wishes  to  be 
ber  own  mistress  in  t!ie  future — what  then  ?  School?  Oh, I  can't 
KO  back  to  schooL  When  I  left  I  was  only  twenty-one,  but  now 
I'm  thirty-one.  And  I  have  lived  with  men,  fought  with  them, 
been  sometimes  bested  by  them,  learned  to  know  them  in  all 
their  many  littlenesses  and  their  great  goodnesses.  Responsi- 
bility has  been  mine,  and  the  still  silences  of  the  night  have 
nven  me  chance  to  think  and  wonder  why  I  am  and  why  it 
should  make  any  difference  whether  I  ever  saw  home  a«ain  or 
not  I  am  back  now,  back  for  a  man's  Ufe.  This  America  that 
called  me  out  has  called  me  back,  and  it  will  have  something  for 
me  to  do.  Now,  what  is  to  be  my  chance  ?"  This  will  be  implied 
in  the  look  that  they  give  us  as  we  bold  them  by  both  shoulders 
to  find  the  mark  of  war  upon  their  young  faces.  And  what  is  to 
be  oar  answer  ?  What  answer  is  due  them,  and  what  answer  is 
wortiiy  of  us? 

What  is  to  be  done  for  these  soldiers  ?  Secretary  Lane  sug- 
ests  a  large  extension  of  the  Reclamation  Service,  not  only  m 
le  Far  West  but  on  libe  Atlantic  seaboard.  He  would  have  the 
ovemment  take  up  the  policy  of  an  intensive  cultivation  of 
le  onirrigated  lands  of  the  Far  West  and  the  cut-over,  uncul- 
vated,  and  swamp  lands  of  the  Middle  West  and  the  Atlantic 
saboard.  There  are  literally  millions  upon  millions  of  acres  of 
ich  lands  in  the  Unitei  States  which  can  be  made  productive 
ader  a  proper  system  of  engineering  and  reclamation.  Capital 
Dt  into  such  reclamation  would. not  be  profitable  as  a  pnvatQ 
ivestment  But  the  Government  could  undertake  this  work, 
)ending  upon  it  some  millions  as  it  has  spent  oth^r  millions  in 
arfare,  and  ^vin^f  our  returned  soidierS  tne  kind  of  pioneer,  out- 
oor,  productivo^TigOrouB  work  for  which  their  tastes  and  desires 
I^VQ  bfidQ  trained  during  their  war  experience.  It  is  a  man's 
)l>.  And  we  have  now  a  couple  of  million  men  fitted  to  under^ 
hke  it.  It  is  a  big  vision,  and  not  at  all  an  impractical  plan. 
^e  hope  that  Congress  and  the  country  will  take  up  its  serious 
Misideration  and  ^llow  Mr.  Lane's  leadership  in  carrying  it  out 
The  second  suggestion  which  Mr.  Lane  emphasizes  with  deep 
iterest  and  concern  is  tiie  work  of  Americanization.  The  need 
f  this  work  Mr.  Lane  puts  doquentiy  and  startlingly  in  a 
iries  of  questions : 

There  can  be  neither  National  unity  in  ideab  nor  in  pur- 
pose unless  there  is  some  common  method  of  communication 


through  which  may  be  conveyed  the  thought  of  the  Nation.  AH 
Americans  mast  be  taught  to  read  and  write  and  think  in  one 
language  ;  this  is  a  primary  condition  to  that  growth  which  all 
nations  expect  of  us  and  which  we  demand  of  ourselves. 

What  sDould  be  said  of  a  world-leading  democracy  wherein 
ten  per  cent  of  the  adult  population  cannot  read  the  laws  which 
they  are  presumed  to  know  ? 

What  should  be  said  of  a  democracy  which  sends  an  army  to 
preach  democracy  wherein  there  was  drafted  out  of  the  first 
2,000,000  men  a  total  of  200,000  men  who  could  not  read  their 
orders,  or  understand  them  when  deUvered,  or  read  the  letters 
sent  them  from  home  ? 

What  should  be  said  of  a  democracy  which  calls  upon  its  citi- 
zens to  consider  the  wisdom  of  forming  a  league  of  nations,  of 
passing  judgment  upon  a  code  which  will  insure  the  freedom  of 
the  seas,  or  of  sacrificing  the  daily  stint  of  wheat  or  meat  for 
.  the  benefit  of  the  Romanians  or  the  Jugoslavs,  when  eighteen 
per  cent  of  the  coming  citizens  of  that  democracy  do  not  go  to 
school? 

What  should  be  said  of  a  democracy  in  which  one  of  its  sov- 
ereign States  expends  a  grand  total  of  $6  per  year  per  child  for 
sustaining  its  pablic  school  system  ? 

What  shonla  be  said  of  a  democracy  which  is  challenged  by 
the  world  to  prove  the  superiority  of  its  system  of  government 
over  those  discarded,  and  yet  is  compelled  to  reach  many  mill- 
ions of  its  people  through  papers  pnnted  in  some  foreign  lan- 
guage? 

What  should  be  said  of  a  democracy  which  expends  in  a  year 
twice  as  much  for  chewing-gum  as  for  school-books,  more  for 
automobiles  than  for  all  primary  and  secondary  education,  and 
in  which  the  average  teacher's  salary  is  less  than  that  of  the 
average  day  laborerr 

What  should  be  said  of  a  democracy  which  permits  tens  of 
thousands  of  its  native-bom  children  to  be  taught  American 
history  in  a  foreign  language — the  Declaration  of  Independence 
and  Lmcoln's  Gettysburg  Speech  in  German  and  other  tongues  ? 

What  should  be  said  of  a  democracy  which  permits  men  and 
women  to  work  in  masses  where  they  seldom  or  never  hear  a 
word  of  English  spoken  ? 

Tet  this  IS  all  true  of  the  United  States  of  America  in  ihLi 
year  of  grace  1918,  wherein  was  fought  the  second  Battle  of  tha 
Mame  and  the  Battle  of  the  Argonne  Forest. 

The  cure  for  this  condition,  the  machinery  for  Americaniza- 
tion, is  to  be  found  in  our  schools,  and  "  if  we  once  realize  that 
education  is  not  solely  a  State  matter,  but  a  National  concern, 
the  way  Ls  open." 

Dr.  Joseph  H.  Odell,  well  known  to  our  readers  as  a 
contributor  to  these  columns,  whose  articles  sent  to  The 
Outiook  from  the  western  front  made  a  real  impression,  has 
suggested  that  our  training  camps  and  cantonments  could  be 
turned  with  comparative  ease  into  Americanization  training 
schools.  Perhaps  the  National  Grovemment  might  do  something 
in  this  direction.  At  all  events,  Cong^ress  and  the  people  ought 
to  see  to  it,  and  see  to  it  promptiy,  that  a  National  policy  of 
education  in  which  the  so-callea  vocational  and  the  so-called 
cultural  are  combined  is  framed  and  adopted  and  carried  out 
systematically.  The  young  men  of  the  country  want  it  The 
education  of  our  training  camps  has  proved  to  be  superb  in  its 
practical  fruits  and  in  tiie  enthusiasm  it  has  aroused  among  the 
men.  There  are  two  products  of  the  war  which  we  ought  not  to 
let  sink  into  "  innocuous  desuetude."  One  is  the  spirit  of  thrift 
which  has  been  brought  out  by  the  Liberty  Loan  campaigns ; 
the  other  is  the  enthusiasm  for  education  which  has  been  devel- 
oped by  our  training  camps. 


The  new  SECRETARY  OF  THE  TREASURY 

The  new  Secretair  of  the  Treasurjr  adds,  it  is  true,  a 
Southerner  to  an  Aiministration  which  has  been  repeatedly 
and  increasingly  blamed  for  its  Southern  overweight  But  there 
has  not  been,  so  far  as  we  know,  one  word  uttered  in  adverse 
criticism  of  the  appointment  of  Carter  Glass  to  tiie  second 
position  in  the  Cabinet 

The  explanation  is  perfectiy  evident  It  is  because  Mr. 
Glass's  services  have  earned  for  him  the  confidence  of  financial 
and  business  interests  throughout  the  entire  country. 

Mr.  Glass  (a  portrait  of  whom  appears  on  another  page)  is 
almost  sixty-one  years  old.  He  was  bom  at  Lynchburg,  Vir- 
ginia, was  educated  in  the  public  and  private  schools  there, 
kamed  tiie  printing  trade,  and  served  for  years  in  the  mechan- 

Digitized  by  VJWVJV  IV^ 


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THE   OUTLOOK 


ical  department  of  a  printing  office.  He  became  a  newspaper 
man,  and  is  now  the  owner  of  the  "  Daily  News,"  the  Lynch- 
burg morning  paper,  and  of  the  "  Daily  Advance,"  the  after- 
noon paper. 

Li  I8d9  Mr.  Glass  entered  political  life  as  a  member  of  the 
Virginia  State  Senate,  where  he  remained  for  four  years. 
He  was  also  a  member  of  the  Virginia  Constitutional  Con- 
vention. He  was  elected  as  Representative  from  the  Sixth  Dis- 
trict of  Virginia  to  the  Fifty-seventh  and  all  succeeding 
Congresses,  and  on  November  5  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
commg  Congress. 

For  the  past  six  years  Mr.  Glass  has  been  Chairman  of  the 
House  Committee  on  Banking  and  Currency.  In  this  capacity 
he  played  a  vital  part  in  the  formulation  and  passage  of  the 
Fedend  Reserve  Act — one  of  the  most  useful  pieces  of  legisla- 
tion ever  put  through  by  Congress. 

Mr.  Glass's  familiarity  with  banking,  currency,  taxation, 
and  other  economic  problems  give  him  proper  qualifications 
for  the  great  office  to  which  he  has  been  nominated.  The  con- 
firmation of  such  a  man  by  the  Senate  should  follow  without 
delay. 

Mr.  McAdoo's  retirement  as  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  has 
been  regretted  by  political  foes  as  well  as  by  political  friends. 
But,  if  it  had  to  come,  the  country  is  to  be  congratulated  on 
an  experienced,  efficient,  and  patriotic  successor. 

GOVERNMENT  INVESTIGATIONS 

It  is  a  well-known  principle  of  common  law  that  not  even 
a  criminal  should  be  condemned  without  a  trial  by  a  jury  of  his 
peers  and  an  opportunity  of  defending  himself  in  open  court. 
This  principle  should  be  scrupulously  observed  by  the  Govern- 
ment and  aU  Government  officials.  For  a  verbal  indictment  or 
an  implied  charge  of  questionable  conduct  made  by  the  Gov- 
ernment carries  enormous  weight. 

Two  instances  have  recently  occurred  within  our  experience 
that  suggest  these  reflections.  In  the  investigation  at  Washing- 
ton of  the  alleged  pro-German  activities  of  the  United  States 
Brewers*  Association,  the  statement  was  made  that  the  brewers 
had  "  put  it  over  "  some  reputable  periodicals,  including  The 
Outlook  and  its  highly  decorous  contemporary,  the  "  Atlantic 
Monthly,"  by  getting  them  to  publish,  unsuspected,  some  arti- 
cles purporting  to  be  written  by  independent  thinkers  of  repu- 
tation, but  actually  prepared  in  the  interests  of  the  pro-German 
brewers.  As  far  as  The  Outlook  is  concerned,  there  are  no 
facts  to  justify  such  an  implication.  We  have  written  to  the 
authorities  at  Washington,  asking  for  the  basis  of  this  charge, 
but  have  obtained  no  reply. 

In  the  same  Senatorial  investigation  of  the  vicious  pro-Ger- 
man propaganda  a  representative  of  the  Department  of  Justice 
has  made  public  a  list  of  names  of  American  public  men  who, 
according  to  the  allegations  of  Ambassador  Bemstorff's  agents, 
had  pro-German  sympathies.  With  the  issuance  of  this  list 
there  was  no  qualifying  statement  saying  that  the  opinion  was 
that  of  the  Ambassador's  spies  and  not  the  opinion  of  the 
United  States  Government.  Some  of  the  men  on  this  list  have 
been  notoriously  pro-German,  but  some  of  them  have  been 
exactly  the  opposite ;  and  whether  the  inclusion  of  their  names 
by  Ambassador  Bemstorff's  agents  was  a  vicious  attempt  to 
smirch  them  or  was  simply  another  illustration  of  the  dense  and 
obtuse  Prussian  mind  we  have  no  means  of  knowing.  One  man 
on  the  list  has  been  closely  associated  with  The  Outlook — 
Professor  Albert  Bushnell  Hart,  of  Harvard. 

Professor  Hart,  we  know,  has  been  pro- Ally  and  anti-German 
from  the  vei^  beginning.  He  contributed  to  these  pages  a  series 
of  articles  in  the  autumn  of  1914  which,  while  neutral  and  his- 
toricsd  at  our  request,  clearly  indicate  that  he  saw  then  the  real 
fundamental  conflict  between  the  civilization  of  liberalism,  as 
represented  by  France,  and  the  civilization  of  militarism,  as 
represented  by  Prussia.  Since  our  entry  into  the  war  Professor 
Hart  has  worked  by  voice  and  by  pen  constantly  and  with  self- 
sacrifice  for  the  cause  of  liberty  as  represented  by  the  United 
States  and  its  allies.  Professor  Hart  has  asked  for  the  right  to 
appear  before  the  Senatorial  Committee  under  whose  investi- 
gation the  implication  of  his  German  sympathies  was  published, 
m  order  to  defend  himself  against  what  is  one  of  the  most  absurd 


charges  of  the  war,  and  would  be  a  comic  charge  if  the  ordiuiy 
newspaper  reader  understood  that  it  was  not  made  by  the  Gn- 
ernment  but  was  a  bit  of  backstairs  intriguing  gossip  od  tk 
part  of  a  thoroughly  discredited  Ambassador.  So  good  a  jadgt 
of  American  loyalty  as  Theodore  Roosevelt  has  sent  the  folkn, 
ing  telegram  to  Professor  Hart : 

In  all  the  United  States  there  has  been  no  more  single-minded. 
Migressively  loyal,  and  deeply  practical  American  than  joo 
mroaghout  your  Mfe  have  proven  yourself  to  be.  Heartiest  good 
wishes  to  you  and  your  wife  and  your  two  gallant  boys  in  tht 
Army. 

Professor  Hart  is  perfectly  competent  to  defend  hinueii 
and  will  doubtless  do  so,  but  we  think  it  right  to  say  tki^ 
in  his  behalf  in  this  place  because  of  the  valuable  work  whidi 
he  has  done  and  is  now  doing  in  The  Outlook  to  tbniij 
light  for  our  readers  upon  some  of  the  complicated  issues  d 
the  war. 


FEDERALIZING  THE  BRITISH  EMPIRE 

A  fortnight  before  the  actual  signing  of  the  armistice 
Germany  a  call  went  out  from  London  to  the  self-govei 
Dominions  of  the  British  Empire,  and  to  the  Government 
India  as  well,  for  the  immediate  attendance  of  repiesentab' 
at  important  sessions  of  the  Imperial  Cabinet.  Four  years  Mort^ 
the  outbreak  of  war  had  been  the  occasion  of  a  splendid  demasi 
stration  of  the  actual  solidarity  of  sentiment  of  the  loosely  knit 
collection  of  practically  independent 'states  known  as  the  Briti^ 
£mpire.  The  close  of  the  war  shows  what  strides  have  bed 
made  in  four  years  towards  the  federalization  of  the  wcWy 
scattered  territories  owing  allegiance  to  the  British  croviLJ 
There  was  no  time  in  1914  for  consultation  br  the  British  GotJ 
emment  with  the  Governments  of  the  British  commonwealw 
overseas ;  but  had  there  been  time  there  was  then  no  oonstita' 
tional  machinery  for  the  puri)08e.  The  Government  of  the  diirf 
of  the  British  wiaiaonwealths  declared  war  ou  behalf  of  ti* 
whole  Empire.  To-day,  as  a  result  of  the  constitutional  changa 
which  have  come  in  the  interval,  all  the  self-governing  portitsi 
of  the  Empire,  and  India  as  well,  have  their  say  in  the  framin; 
of  the  conditions  which  are  to  be  exacted  from  a  beaten  foe  it 
the  Peace  Conference  at  Versailles. 

At  the  special  sessions  of  the  Imperial  Cabinet  the  policy  c! 
the  Empire's  representatives  at  the  Peace  Conference  has  Wi 
debated.  In  all  probability,  one  or  more  of  the  overseas  static 
men  will  attend  the  meetings  at  Versailles.  In  any  event,  onr- 
seas  opinion  will  find  expression  there. 

From  Canada  have  gone  Sir  Robert  Borden  and  several  d\ 
his  colleagues.  Australia  is  represented  by  Premier  W.  M. 
Hughes  and  Sir  Joseph  Cook  ;  New  Zealand,  by  Premier  W.  F. 
Massey  and  Sir  Jaseph  Ward ;  Newfoundland,  by  W.  F.  Lloj>i: 
South  Africa,  by  General  Botha  and  General  Smuts,  lesa  tbu 
twenty  years  ago  the  leaders  against  Great  Britain  in  the  &« 
War,  but  now  yielding  to  none  in  their  devotion  to  the  ide*!  of 
a  united  Empire ;  India,  by  Sir  Satyendra  Sinha. 

Admittedly  the  representation  of  the  overseas  dominions  a 
the  Imi)erial  Cabinet  is  a  makeshift  arrangement  made  in  tk> 
hurry  and  heat  of  the  great  war.  What  further  changes  in- 
to come  in  the  constitutional  development  of  a  federaliied 
British  Empire  the  near  future  will  tell.  One  thing  only  is  t« 
tain :  Canada,  Australia,  and  the  other  dominions  nave  a  Bf 
consciousness  of  nationality  and  national  responsibility  as  a  RNtt 
of  their  part  in  the  war,  and  some  permanent  method  miatawr 
be  found  for  the  expression  of  their  opinion  on  matters  afffiffrg 
the  entire  Empire. 


CANADA'S   VICTORY  LOAN 

Canada's  "  Victory  Loan  "  was  an  unqualified  8non» 
Officially,  the  objective  was  $300,000,000,  but  no  secret  «» 
made  of  the  fact  that  the  Government  hoped  to  secore  1600.- 
000,000.  The  amount  secured  falls  just  short  of  f700,OOO.Wi 
from  considerably  more  than  a  million  individual  8abecribe^ 
All  the  provinces  exceeded  their  objectives. 

Population  and  financial  resources  considered,  Cu)>il>' 
achievement  probably  establishes  a  record.  The  popnktioD  <'' 
the  country  cannot  be  more  than  7,500,000  today;  tbefl'' 


Digitized  by 


Google 


CARTOONS      OF      THE    WEEK 


Kirbif  in  tie  Nme  York  World 


THK  POSSE 

CAN  THE  FUGITIVE  ESCAPE  JUSTICE? 


Bogert  m  the  New  York  Herald 


AS  LONG  AS  TO0R  imCLE  SAMUEL  ASV  THE  CAPITOL  ARK  LEFT 
WE   HAT   KICK   ALONG 


THE  PRESIDENT  HAS  LEFT  THE  COUNTRY,  BUT— 


From  the  Patting  Show  (London) 


■  »i-»--'*-,«-afe>l 


THE  WONDERFUL  ONE-HOBS  BHAT 
"  Fint  a  ahiver,  and  then  a  thrill. 
Then  somethiDgr  deci<lt>dl]r  like  a  (pill." — O.  W.  Bolmet. 

AN  ENGLISH  ILLUSTRATION  FOR  AN  AMERICAN  CLASSIC 


From  N tbelspiilter  {Zurich,  Switzerland) 


"  What  18  that  crowd  doing  ?" 

**  Reading  a  medical  notice  urging  people  not  to  oongregate 
together." 


Fither  in  London  Opinion 


MPiiiifjflL  n'i^i 


Charwoman  (chatting  with  Parliaroentarr  Candidate):  "Tea, 
mtun,  thi*  war'a  got  a  lot  to  answer  for,  ain  t  it  ?  Wot  with  the 
air  raids  and  the  U-boata  and  the  'fln— and  now  women  in  Par- 
liament !" 


UigitizedbyVjUU^H^ 


616 


THE   OUTLOOK 


18    M^COB^mt 


scription  is  therefore  aboat  $90  per  capita.  Canadians  are 
pointing  with  justifiable  pride  to  tibe  &ct  that  they  have  done 
even  better,  therefore,  than  their  big  neighbor,  with  whom  they 
are  always  in  friendly  rivalry. 

Before  the  war  practically  all  large  Canadian  loans — Govern- 
ment, municipal,  and  corporation — were  placed  in  Great  Britain. 
The  Dominion  was  a  heavy  borrower,  an  average  of  nearly 
f300,000,000  per  annum  being  obtained  in  the  London  market 
for  several  years  prior  to  1914.  These  large  sums  were  required 
during  an  era  of  great  development,  during  which  the  balance 
of  trade  was  heavily  against  Canada.  When  war  closed  the 
London  market,  Canada  turned  to  New  York,  and  lai^e  loans 
were  placed  in  the  United  States.  When  America  entered  the 
war,  Canada  had  to  rely  upon  her  own  financial  resources.  The 
tremendous  export  trade  vmich  the  war  had  brought  to  Canada 
made  the  financing  of  Canadian  loans  in  Canada  comparatively 
easy.  All  told,  and  including  this  last  loan,  the  Dominion 
Government  has  obtained  from  Canadian  sources  more  than 
$1,600,000,000. 

The  mone^  has  been  used  not  merel;^  to  pay  for  Canada's  own 
war  expenditures  but  to  provide  credits  for  Great  Britain  for 
the  purchase  in  Canada  of  foodstuffs  and  mimitions.  Canada 
has  now  a  very  substantial  credit  with  the  British  Gt>vemment. 


PROSTITUTION:   SUPPRESSION  VS.  REGULATION 

In  every  army  the  question  of  disease  resulting  from  sexual 
vice  is  of  serious  importance,  if  only  from  we  point  of 
view  of  effectiveness.  It  is  immensely  to  the  credit  of  the  Sur- 
eeon-General  of  our  Army,  of  General  Pershing,  and  of  the 
Comnussion  on  Training  Camp  Activities  that  in  this  war 
ihey  have  fought  the  evil  fairly  and  squarely.  In  the  face  of 
skepticism  they  have  believed  in  and  enforced  prohibition, 
repression,  education,  and  punishment  as  opposed  to  toleration, 
inspection,  and  regulation.  The  results,  as  pointed  out  by  Mr. 
Raymond  B.  Fosdick  in  an  article  in  the  "New  Republic," 
have  been  excellent.  In  this  country  there  was  no  open  oppo- 
sition ;  the  difficulties  to  be  contended  with  were  chiefly  uioee 
lelatingto  men  on  leave  of  absence  and  the  dangers  of  large 
cities.  The  vicinity  of  a  camp  was  kept  safe  by  stem  and  rigor- 
ous authority.  The  measures  were  thorough,  and  without  parallel, 
8a3rs  Mr.  Fosdick,  in  any  other  country.    But  in  France  for 

fenerations  the  view  has  obtained  that  prohibition  was  impossi- 
le,  tiiat  the  only  alleviation  was  through  license  of  houses  and 
constant  inspection  of  registered  inmates.  "  So  sincerely  did 
they  hold  this  belief  that  prostitution  facilities  for  our  soldiers 
were  officially  offered  to  our  High  Command." 

General  Pershing  would  have  none  of  this.  He  issued  the 
strictest  orders  to  his  officers;  he  even  told  his  commanders 
that  their  reports  and  statistics  on  this  subject  would  be  used 
as  "  a  basis  in  determining  the  commander's  efficiency  and  the 
suitability  of  his  continumg  in  command."  One  commander 
accepted  the  offer  to  take  over  a  licensed  house  for  American 
use ;  General  Pershing  at  once  put  it  "  out  of  bounds  "  and  re- 
moved the  commander.  An  order  urging  sexual  continence  and 
the  maintenance  of  high  moral  standards  of  living  was  followed 
by  search  for  brothels,  the  stationing  of  military  police  to 
refuse  access  to  whole  districts  which  had  been  put  out  of 
bounds,  the  enforcing  of  scientific  treatment  of  men  who  had 
been  exposed,  jpunislmient  for  all  who  evaded  treatment  or  dis- 
obwed  prohibitory  regulations. 

Even  the  French  skepticism  was  shaken  by  the  results.  In 
«ne  base  port  where  the  houses  had  been  open  for  three  months 
and  were  then  closed  for  three  months  the  rate  of  disease  cases 
fell  from  sixteen  to  two  per  thousand  men.  The  total  per  cent 
of  sexual  disease  in  our  army,  here  and  overseas,  has  been 
almost  negligible  as  compared  with  other  army  records.  In 
France  three  1,000-bed  hospitals  had  been  prepared  for 
venereal  patients  ;  it  was  expected  that  they  would  be  filled  by  a 
certain  date  in  accordance  with  the  statistics  of  past  experience. 
They  were  not  used  at  all;  instead  in  that  time  three  hundred 
cases  only  were  treated,  mostly  in  regimental  and  field  infirma- 
ries. In  one  body  of  7,401  men  only  one  case  of  venereal  dis- 
ease developed  in  seven  weeks. 

Genernl  Pershing,  in  a  letter  to  Lord  Milner,  has  recorded 
his  conviction  that  "  abolition  as  distinguished  from  regulation 


is  the  only  effective  mode  of  combatii^  this  age-long  eviL"  Ani 
in  urging  co-operation  between  the  Governments  to  this  aid 
he  speaks  f<«elingly  of  "  the  menace  to  the  young  manhood  b 
the  army  foi<!es  '  and  urges  military  and  civil  co-opers^on  m 
the  common  ground  of  humanity  and  in  accordance  with  the 
well-oonsidered  conclusions  of  the  best  scientific  minds. 

Mr.  Fosdick  pays  a  high  tribute  to  General  Pershing  and 
our  military  authorities  generally  when  he  says  :  "  When  the 
history  of  America's  participation  in  the  great  war  comes  to  be 
written,  no  finer  achievement  will  be  recorded  to  her  credit  thsn 
the  unending  battle  against  sex  indulgence  and  venereal  disease 
in  the  army. ' 

THE  LEAGUE  OF  NATIONS 

Monsignor  Sigoumey  W.  Fay  lectured  on  Monday,  De- 
cember 9,  before  the  League  for  Political  Education  in  New 
York  Cit^.  He  went  abroad  during  the  war  as  a  representative 
both  of  the  Red  Cross  and  of  Cardinal  Gibbons.  During  his 
visit  to  Europe  he  was  received  by  the  Pope,  and  his  aocoont 
of  the  Pope's  approval  of  a  League  of  Nations  may  be  r^;arded 
as  semi-official.  It  is  thus  reported  in  the  New  York  "  Tunes  f 

Monsignor  Fay  concluded  by  saying  that  as  head  of  the 
Catholic  Church  the  Pope  shoald  have  a  voice  in  grnaranteeing  * 
permanent  peace.  He  said  the  Pope  had  tliree  points  in  mind: 
first,  the  League  of  Nations  ;  second,  disarmament  of  natioiifl  to 
such  a  point  uat  no  one  would  dare  to  start  war ;  and,  last,  * 
court  01  international  appeals  with  coercive  powers.  Given  these, 
the  world  would  contmne  to  enjoy  the  oleesings  of  peaoe, 
declared  the  speaker. 

Giving  "  coercive  powers  "  to  an  international  court  preaeotB 
in  two  words  the  difficulty  and  the  problem.  Will  toe  Grreat 
Powers  consent  to  create  another  Power,  intematioiial  in  iti 
character,  and  p^ve  it  the  means  to  compel  obedience  to  it^ 
mandates,  and,  if  it  does  not  give  it  the  means  to  enforce  obedi- 
ence, will  its  decrees  be  of  any  real  value?  It  is  announced 
from  London  that  Lloyd  George  on  the  same  date  decland 
himself  in  favor  of  a  League  of  Nations,  but  the  report  does 
not  indicate  that  he  has  expressed  any  opinion  respeoting  giv- 
ing to  it  "coercive  powers. '  And  it  is  announced  frcHu  Pan 
that  it  is  expected  that  the  Allied  delegates  will  decide  whetlKr 
the  organization  of  a  League  shall  be  elaborated  at  the  Peace 
Congress  or  left  to  a  further  conference.  We  should  have  better 
hope  of  a  permanent  and  effective  League  if  at  the  Peace  Con- 
gress a  Council  of  the  five  Great  Powers — Franoe,  Great  Britain. 
Italy,  Japan,  and  the  United  States — should  be  created  to  take 
into  consideration  the  question  of  organizing  such  a  Leagna 
and  it  should  be  provided  that  in  this  Council  elected  memben 
of  the  l^islative  bodies  in  each  of  these  states  should  sit,  m 
order  to  give  reasonable  assurance  that  the  report  would  tewf- 
sent  the  public  opinion  of  the  various  naticHis.  This  meuod 
would  probably  expedite  a  wise  decision  because  it  would  gi^e 
time  not  only  for  the  Council  to  reach  a  decision  but  also  for 
the  public  to  reach  the  CounciL 


THE  INVASION  OF  AMERICA  BT  FRANCE 

The  American  Council  on  Education  represents  practically 
all  the  leading  National  education  associations  in  this  coontiy. 
Through  the  Council's  agency  there  has  now  been  and  is  b^if 
placed  in  American  colleges  and  universities  a  group  of  disabkd 
French  soldiers  in  order  that  they  may  carry  on  their  stadiei 
in  American  institutions.  The  men  were  sent  by  the  Freneii 
Government.  They  range  in  i^^e  from  twenty-four  to  twenty-aem 
years,  and  are  nearly  all  students  of  particular  practical  sabjectt, 
such  as  agriculture,  engineering,  medicine,  law.  One  of  tiMmcn 
is  a  Catholic  priest.  They  all  wear  the  French  uniform.  At 
least  half  of  them  have  been  decorated  with  from  one  to  thier 
medals  for  bravery.  Needless  to  say,  our  ooU^e  authoritJesaiKi 
our  students  have  enthusiastically  received  such  men. 

An  equally  interesting  endeavor  of  the  Americiin  Cound]  <■ 
Education  has  been  the  placing  of  no  less  than  one  hundred  ani 
thirteen  young  French  women  who  have  come  to  America  (■> 
carry  on  their  studies  in  our  colleges  and  universities.  The!!)' 
young  women  have  carried  on  advanced  studies  at  the  Sorhour 
and  elsewhere  in  France.  They  are  all  of  ooll^^  grade,  and  aic 


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classified  in  oar  higher  institutions  all  the  way  from  college 
freshmen  to  aooepted  candidates  for  a  doctor's  degree.  They  all 
have  a  working  knowledge  of  English.  They  were  selected  in 
France  by  a  committee  of  American  women  assisted  by  officials 
from  the  French  Ministry  of  I'ublio  Instruction.  The  French 
Government  assisted  in  paying  their  bills. 

The  American  Council  on  Education  also  has  charge  of  the 
itineraries  of  the  two  distinguished  educational  missions  now 
traveling  in  the  United  States.  One  of  these  is  the  British 
Educational  Mission,  headed  by  Dr.  Arthur  Everett  Shipley, 
Vice-Chancellor  of  the  University  of  Cambridge,  and  composed 
of  leading  educationists,  both  men  and  women,  representing 
the  Universities  of  Oxford,  Glasgow,  Dublin,  Manchester,  and 
Birmingham,  and  Bedford  College. 

The  other  mission  is  the  French  Educational  Mission ;  it  is 
headed  by  Dr.  Theodore  Keinach,  a  lieutenant^wlonel  in  the 
French  army  and  editor  of  the  "  Gazette  des  Beaux-Arts," 
that  important  French  review  dealing  with  the  study  of  ancient 
and  modem  art.  There  are  seven  savants  in  this  mission, 
representing  an  equal  number  of  the  most  highly  developed 
phases  of  French  life. 

Snob  missions  as  these,  giving  Americans  opportunity  to 
learn  about  English  and  French  educational  meuiods  through 
representative  scholars,  will,  we  are  sure,  strengthen  the  ties, 
now  so  sharply  emphasized  by  the  war,  between  America  and 
England,  .^l^erica  and  France,  and  particularly  between  our 
own  universities  on  the  one  hand  and  those  of  England  and 
France  on  the  other. 


AN  ISLAND  CINDERELLA 

Fair  Hawui,  scantily  noticed  by  our  press  and  people, 
leeaa  to  be  our  Cinderella.  Yet  she  has  been  doing  much,  and 
now  is  undertaking  much  more,  entitling  her  to  public  esteem. 
Besides  her  4,200  m  Schofield  Barracks  drafted  for  tiie  war, 
»be  overtopped  her  quota  of  $216,000  for  the  Fourth  Liberty 
Loan  with  a  subscription  of  $295,000. 

We  know  the  strategic  worth  of  her  commanding  position  in 
the  North  Pacific  as  our  Government's  naval  outpost.  Hawaii 
herself  undertakes  to  be  an  educational  base  of  moral,  religious, 
and  economic  light  and  leading  in  the  vast  Mediterranean  of 
the  modem  world.  Already  started  and  now  developing  are 
her  Mid-Pacific  Institute  to  educate  men  and  women  of  Ori- 
ental nations  for  Christian  leadership  and  her  Pan-Pacific 
Commerdal  College,  each  contributed  to  by  various  Pacific 
Powers. 

For  this  wide  work  Hawaii's  high  schools,  seminaries,  col- 
leges, and  churches  make  a  substantial  base.  Churches  abound ; 
the  Congregational  list  includes  106,  besides  others  in  the 
Protestant  membership  of  27,000,  constituting  one-sixth  of 
Hawaii's  population.  Roman  Catholics  niunber  30,000,  Bud- 
dhists 55,000,  ConfucianistB  25,000,  Mormons  6,000,  all  in  a 
territory  as  small  as  Connecticut.  Her  schools  and  churches, 
together  with  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  and  Y.  W.  C.  A.,  are  blending 
Americans,  native  Hawaiians,  Europeans,  Chinese,  Japanese, 
Koreans,  and  Filipinos  into  a  composite  citizenship  unprece- 
dented in  history. 

For  these  facts  The  Outiook  is  indebted  to  the  "  oldest  news- 
paper west  of  the  Rockies,"  "  The  Friend,"  a  monthly  established 
at  Honolulu  seventy-five  years  ago  by  New  England  mission- 
aries. A  journal  of  Christian  civilization,  and  devoted  to  the 
rital  interests  of  Hawaii's  interracial  citizenship,  it  is  in  itself 
a  mid-Pacific  institute  and  a  source  of  enlightenment  needed 
m  all  onr  States. 


AN  APPEAL  FOR  THE  BELGIAN  PROTESTANTS 

During  the  war  some  persons  expressed  hesitation  as  to  the 
value  ai  tiie  various  forms  of  relief,  adding  that  they  would  give 
with  enthusiasm  to  the  work  of  reconstruction  after  the  war. 

The  Outiook  would  call  the  attention  of  the  Protestants 
•m(Hig  these  critics  to  a  special  opportunity  in  this  direction.  It 
is  to  help  the  Protestants  in  Belgium. 

^  Protestants  in  Belgium  ?  Why,  I  thought  that,  of  all  coun- 
tries, it  was  the  most  Catholic."  This  has  ^en  the  Exclamation 
when  the  claims  of  Protestantism  in  Belgium  have  been  put 


forth.  And  at  first  blush  it  would  seem  as  if  Belgium  were,  of 
all  countries,  the  most  Catholic.  Yet  there  are  Protestant 
churches  there  with  their  old  Huguenot  parentage,  churches  of 
immense  strategic  importance  at  any  time,  but  particularly  at 
this  time. 

The  stronger  of  these  churches  have  been  in  the  devastated 
r^ons.  Their  buildings — the  church  edifices,  the  mission  halls, 
the  manses — have  been  destroyed.  But,  witii  true  Huguenot 
spirit,  religious  and  relief  work  has  been  carried  on  in  the  midst 
of  the  surrounding  chaos. 

These  churches  appeal  to  us  here  through  the  Franco-Belgian 
Committee,  which  represents  the  Protestant  churches  of  Belgium 
and  northern  France.  Americans  may  be  surprised  and  pleased 
to  learn  that  the  Committee  controls  no  less  than  439  churches 
and  missionary  stations,  with  135  pastors  and  evangelists  besides 
many  lay  workers  and  deaconesses.  As  fighting  has  taken  place 
all  along  the  line  of  these  churches  and  mission  stations,  as 
thousands  of  homes  have  been  destroyed,  and  as  thousands  of 
non-combatants,  men,  women,  and  chUdren,  have  been  killed, 
the  orphans  and  widows  and  old  men,  the  wives  and  children  of 
deported  Belgians  and  prisoners,  are  turning  to  their  pastors 
and  churches  for  help. 

The  reli|^ou8  as  well  as  the  relief  work  aims  to  reach  every 
town  and  village  of  Belgium.  Services  are  held  in  chapels  and 
halls,  and,  where  they  are  gone,  in  the  cotta^^  of  the  working 
people  and  in  the  open  air.  A  great  spiritual  awakening  is 
taking  place,  for  the  ministry  of  the  Protestant  churches  is 
coming  home  close  to  many  non-Protestants — not  Catholics, 
but  to  many  who  are  indifferent  or  hostile  to  all  religfion. 

The  delegate  of  the  Protestant  Belgians  in  this  country  is 
the  Rev.  Dr.  Henri  Anet,  of  Clabecq,  near  Waterloo,  who 
springs  from  a  sturdy  stock  of  pastors  and  missionaries,  his 
family  having  been  associated  with  the  evangelization  of  Belgium 
for  three-quarters  of  a  century.  Dr.  Anet  has  also  explored  the 
Belgian  Congo,  an  enterprise  which  led  to  the  formation  of  the 
Belgian  Congo  Mission.  As  the  official  representative  in  Bel- 
gium of  tiie  American  Congo  Missions,  he  has  for  years  greatiy 
helped  our  missionaries  in  their  relations  with  the  Belgian 
Government.  Dr.  Anet  (the  value  of  whose  presentation  of 
Belgian  needs  is  doubled  by  his  wife's  eloquence)  speaks  for  the 
Belgian  pastors.  Some  of  them  receive  only  a  dollar  a  day. 
Many  of  them  have  been  at  the  front  as  chaplains  or  in  actual 
service.  The  enthusiasm  bom  of  the  war  inspires  them  to  new 
effort.  But  theymust  be  upheld.  The  Belgian  church  faces  a 
heavy  deficit.  Why  should  not  American  P^testants  spring  to 
the  assistance  of  their  Belgian  brothers  ?  Checks  may  be  made 
payable  to  the  order  of  Edmond  E.  Robert,  3  Maiden  Lane, 
New  York  City. 


INDUSTRIAL    INJUSTICE 

FIVE   PROPOSED   REMEDIES 

A  MAN  sends  for  the  doctor.  He  comes  and  examines 
the  patient.  He  feels  his  pulse,  takes  his  temperature, 
examines  his  tongue  and  his  eyes,  sounds  his  chest,  and 
then  says  to  him :  "  You  have  some  fever,  you  sneeze  and  cough, 
your  head  aches,  your  limbs  ache,  you  do  not  sleep  very  well, 
and  you  have  not  much  appetite.  You  are  a  sick  man,  and  if 
you  do  not  take  some  remedies  and  make  some  radical  change 
m  your  habits  of  life,  I  will  not  answer  for  the  consequences. ' 

And  then  he  goes  away. 

In  the  past  our  social  reformers  have  in  a  considerable  measure 
imitated  such  a  doctor.  In  many  of  their  books  two-thirds  or 
three-quarters  of  the  space  has  been  taken  up  in  describing  the 
evils  01  the  present  industrial  system.  A  chapter  at  the  end  has 
been  deemed  sufficient  to  suggest  a  remedy.  Perhaps  this  was 
necessary.  The  theologians  have  told  us  that  there  can  be  no 
repentance  and  reformation  without  conviction  of  sin.  Perhaps 
it  was  necessary  to  wake  up  a  sleeping  community  to  the  evils 
of  the  present  industrial  system  before  offering  a  cure  or  rem- 
edy. If  so,  it  is  necessary  no  longer. 

For  the  war  has  demonstrated  the  inability  of  our  indus- 
trial system  to  endure  in  a  time  of  national  peril.  That  system 
has  gone  to  pieces  absolutely  in  Russia ;  not  even  the  fouuda- 


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tions  are  left.  It  tottera  to  its  fall  In  Germany ;  no  mere  shor- 
ing np  of  the  shaken  walls  will  suffice.  In  England  and  the 
Uniteii  States  it  is  dislocated,  whether  beyond  hope  of  repair 
remains  to  be  seen.  Our  banking  system  has  gone  throuyeh 
the  war  without  disaster.  Not  so  our  industrial  system.  The 
old  methods  of  conducting  our  great  organized  industries — our 
factories,  our  mines,  our  railways,  our  food  and  coal  distribution 
— have  been  for  the  time  abandoned.  Every  one  recognizes  the 
fact  that  these  industries  must  be  reconstructed.  The  necessity 
and  the  difficulty  of  such  reconstruction  was  the  most  important 
theme  in  the  President's  ]&at  Message  to  the  American  people 
on  the  day  before  he  sailed  for  Eurooe.  The  most  serious 
objection  to  his  departure  was  that  the  Nation  mi^t  enter  upon 
this  work  of  reconstruction  in  the  absence  of  their  National 
leader.  But,  with  or  without  a  leader,  the  problems  of  indus- 
trial reconstruction  must  be  solved  by  the  people,  not  /or  the 
people.  To  give  our  readers  some  aid  in  this  problem  we  place 
before  them  here  a  brief  summary  of  the  principal  solutions 
which  have  been  suggested  by  thinkers  in  the  past.' 

The  earliest  condition  of  labor  is  slavery.  The  capitalist  owns 
the  laborer. 

The  next  condition  is  feudalism.  The  capitalist  owns  the 
land ;  the  laborer  is  attached  to  the  land.  He  owes  the  capitalist 
service ;  the  capitalist  owes  him  protection. 

Next  in  the  evolution  of  industry  comes  the  "wages  system." 
A  few  own  all  the  tools  and  implements  of  organized  industry ; 
the  many  employ  these  tools  in  the  production  of  the  things 
necessary  for  human  comfort.  The  tool-owners  are  called  capi- 
talists ;  the  tool-users  are  called  laborers.  The  tool-owner  pays 
wages  to  the  tool-user  for  his  work.  What  he  shall  pay  and  how 
long  the  employment  shall  last  depend  upon  the  agreement 
the  two  may  make. 

This  was  a  great  improvement  on  feudalism,  as  feudalism 
was  a  great  improvement  on  slavery.  And  so  long  as  the  tool- 
owner  was  an  individual  and  the  laborer  was  an  individual  it 
worked,  if  not  always  justly,  at  least  generally  peaceably.  But 
two  great  discoveries  have  brought  about  a  revolution  in  the 
nature  of  labor  and  the  conditions  of  the  laborer :  one,  the  dis- 
covery of  steam  and  the  invention  of  machinery ;  the  other,  the 
creation  of  organized  labor  and  division  of  labor.  The  stage-coach 
disappears  and  the  railway  takes  its  place ;  the  spinning-wheel 
and  the  hand  loom  disappear  from  the  home,  and  the  spinning 
jenny  and  the  power  loom  take  their  place.  The  thrifty  com- 
bine their  earnings  to  build  the  railway  and  the  factory.  Thus 
organized  capital  grows  up.  The  laborers  are  combined  in  in- 
dustrial groups  to  operate  the  railways  and  the  factories.  Thus 
organized  labor  grows  up.  The  individual  laborer  cannot  make 
his  bargain  on  equal  terms  with  organized  capital,  so  the  labor- 
ers combine  as  the  capitalists  have  already  combined.  Trades 
unions  are  organized.  Both  capitalists  and  laborers  have  their 
officers — the  one,  captains  of  industry ;  the  other,  labor  lead- 
ers— and  collective  bargaining  becomes  the  custom  in  most 
organized  industries.  The  wages  system  still  continues.  Society, 
once  organized  into  two  classes  (first  masters  and  slaves,  then 
feudal  lords  and  feudal  tenants),  is  still  organized  into  two 
classes  (tool-owners  or  capitalists  and  tool-users  or  laborers),  and 
both  classes  are  organized  because  the  work  is  carried  on  upon 
such  a  scale  and  by  such  methods  that  only  by  organized  capi- 
tal and  organized  labor  can  it  be  carried  on  at  all. 

The  more  important  remetiies  which  have  been  suggested  for 
the  evils  incident  to  or  inherent  in  this  wages  83r8tem  are 
involved  in  the  five  remedies  briefly,  and  therefore  of  necessity 
inadequately,  described  below,  or  in  some  combination  of  these 
five  proposed  remedies.  We  endeavor  to  describe  them  as 
their  advocates  would  describe  them,  without  expressing  either 
approval  or  criticism. 

I.  The  wages  system,  with  its  organization  of  capital  and 
labor,  is  essential  to  civilization.  The  evils  of  our  time  are  not 
inherent  in  the  wages  system  ;  they  are  only  abuses  connected 
with  it.  The  remedy  is  a  spirit  of  justipe  and  fair  dealing  among 
the  laborers  toward  their  employers,  and  among  the  employers 
toward  their  laborers.    This  mdudes  such  correction  of  evils  as 

'  The  views  of  the  Editor-in-Chief  of  The  Ootlook  have  been  embodied  by  him 
ia  three  Tolamn  entirely  diaconneoted :  "  The  Indnrtrial  Problem  "  (fleotfce  W. 
Jacobs  &  Co.),  "The  Rights  of  Man,"  "Christianity  and  Sodal  Problemi" 
(Hoogfaton  liCfflin  Company) ;  and  of  coarse  in  the  bonnd  volnmea  of  The  Oatlook 
for  the  past  forty  years. 


the  abolition  of  child  labor,  the  maintenance  of  sanitary  condi- 
tions in  mines  and  factories,  better  housing  of  the  laboren, 
reasonable  hours,  a  living  wage,  libraries  and  amnsement  centersi, 
and  general  welfare  work.  If  difficulties  still  arise  between 
employers  and  employed,  they  can  be  settled  by  conciliation  and 
arbitration. 

II.  The  democratic  organization  of  the  laborers,  and  the  full 
and  cordial  recognition  of  their  right  to  unite  in  trade  nnions 
for  the  protection  of  their  rights  and  the  promotion  of  their  in- 
terests: this  involves  their  right  to  combine  and  cease  from  work 
if  the  conditions  of  their  work  are  not  satisfactory — that  is,  to 
strike ;  and  to  cease  from  purchasing  the  goods  of  an  objectioD- 
able  factory — that  is,  to  boycott.  In  other  words,  if  society  recog- 
nizes freedom  of  contract  between  groups  of  laborers  and  groups 
of  capitalists,  as  it  has  always  recognized  freedom  of  oontnu.'t 
between  the  individual  capitalist  and  the  individual  laborer. 
substantial  justice  will  be  secured  for  both  employers  and  on- 
ployed.  The  laborer  does  not  ask  for  generosity  ;  he  asks  for 
justice.  Give  him  the  right  in  combination  which  he  has  always 
possessed  as  an  individual  and  he  can  secure  justice  for  himself. 

III.  The  land  is  the  source  of  all  wealth.  The  land  is  not  » 
proper  subject  for  private  ownership.  Man  did  not  create  the 
iron  and  copper  and  gold  in  the  mines,  nor  the  forests,  nor  the 
water  power,  nor  the  prairies.  All  industrial  injustice  can  be 
traced  to  the  fact  that  society  has  allowed  the  energetic,  the 
enterprising,  and  the  unscrupulous  to  get  possession  of  this 
unearned  wealth.  The  community  should  resume  the  ownership 
which  it  never  ought  to  have  lost.  This  it  can  do  without  any 
revolution.  All  that  is  necessary  is  that  the  State  or  the  Nation 
assume  that  the  people  are  the  rightfid  owners  of  the  land  and 
its  contents,  and  that  the  present  possessors  are  not  owners  bat 
tenants,  and  then  fix  a  tax  on  the  land  such  as  a  tenant  ought 
to  pay  for  possessing  and  enjoying  its  use,  as  the  ground  roits 
are  paid  to  the  heirs  of  John  Jacob  Astor  in  New  York  City 
and  rents  are  paid  by  tenant  farmers  for  their  farms  in  New 
England  or  Minnesota.  The  land  tax  should  be  the  equivalent 
of  a  fair  rental  for  the  land  in  the  place  where  it  is  situated — 
it  might  be  ten  dollars  a  foot  in  New  York  City  and  ten  dollars 
an  acre  in  Minnesota.  If  this  were  done,  the  people  wonld  gH 
the  full  value  of  the  raw  material  with  which  their  heavenly 
Father  has  stored  the  earth ;  and  they  who  turned  this  raw 
material  into  the  finished  product  for  the  consumers'  use  vould 
get  a  fair  compensation  for  their  industry. 

IV.  The  State  or  Political  Socialist  does  not  i^ree  with  the 
single-taxer.  He  does  not  think  it  is  enough  for  the  oommunity 
to  own  the  land.  It  should  own,  control,  and  operate  all  organ- 
ized industries.  Individual  ownership  and  individual  industry 
would  not  necessarily  be  interfered  with;  but  all  organized 
industries — the  mines,  the  forests,  the  manufactories,  the  rail- 
ways, the  waterways,  the  water  powers,  the  banks — would  be 
managed  by  the  people  for  the  people's  benefit,  as  the  Post  Office 
is  managed  by  the  Nation  and  the  public  schools  are  managetl 
by  the  State.  It  is  an  essential  part  of  this  plan  that  the  State 
should  be  a  democratic  State.  The  autocratic  Socialism  of  mo- 
narchical Germany,  in  which  such  industries  as  the  railways  are 
managed  by  a  class  supposedly  for  the  people,  is  not,  properly 
speaking,  Socialism  at  all. 

This  control  and  management  of  the  organized  indoatries 
might  be  intrusted  to  the  Government — that  is,  to  the  politick 
organization  ;  or  it  might  be  intrusted  to  an  industrial  organi- 
zation within  the  State,  provided  it  was  a  democratically  (>an- 
trolled  organization.  Thus  in  New  York  State  there  are  a  Legis- 
lature and  a  Governor  who  administer  the  political  institutions 
of  the  State,  and  there  are  a  Board  of  Regents  and  a  Superinten- 
dent of  Education  who  administer  its  educational  instituti<ms. 
But  both  are  controlle<l  democratically  by  the  people.  The  one 
thing  essential  to  this  scheme  in  all  its  various  forms  is  that  Uie 
org^ized  industries  should  be  controlled  neither  by  a  camtalis- 
tic  class  nor  by  a  laboring  clas.s,  but  by  all  the  people,  inclod- 
ing  both  producers  and  consumers. 

V.  In  all  the  above  schemes  there  would  still  be  empkiyen 
and  employed.  In  the  last-mentioned  scheme  all  the  people  in 
their  collective  capacity  would  be  the  employer,  and  aU  the 
people  individually  would  be  employed,  as  tul  the  people  of  the 
Nation  in  their  collective  capacity  employ  the  postman  and  all 
the  people  of  the  State  in  their  collective  capacity  employ  tkf 


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teacher.  Industrial  Democracy  differs  from  both  trade-unionism 
and  Socialism,  because  its  aim  is  to  get  rid,  not  indeed  of  the 
distinction  between  capitalist  and  laborer,  but  of  the  distinction 
between  capitalists  as  a  class  and  laborers  as  a  class.  We  can 
best  state  the  essential  principle  of  industrial  democracy  by 
employing  in  the  main  the  woi-ds  of  Abraham  Lincoln,  though 
not  utter^  by  him  in  one  connected  passage  as  here : 

It  is  assumed  that  labor  is  available  only  in  connection  with 
capital ;  that  nobody  labors  unless  somebody  else,  owning  cap- 
ital, somehow  by  the  use  of  it  induces  liim  to  labor.  This  assumed, 
it  is  next  considered  whether  it  is  best  that  capital  shall  hire 
laborers,  and  thas  induce  them  to  work  by  their  own  consent,  or 
buy  them,  and  drive  them  to  it  without  their  consent.  Having 
proceeded  thus  far,  it  is  naturally  concluded  that  all  laborers 
are  either  hired  laborers  or  what  we  call  slaves.  And  further,  it 
is  assumetl  that  whoever  is  once  a  hired  laborer  is  fixed  in  that 
condition  for  life. 

Now,  there  is  no  such  relation  between  capital  and  labor  as 
assumed,  nor  is  there  any  such  thing  as  a  free  man  being  fixed 
for  life  in  the  condition  of  a  hired  mborer.  Both  these  assump- 
tions are  false,  and  all  inferences  from  them  are  groundless. 

Labor  is  prior  to,  and  inde]>endent  of,  capital.  Capital  is  only 
the  fruit  of  labor,  and  could  iiSver  have  existed  if  labor  had  not 
first  existed.  Labor  is  the  superior  of  capital,  and  deserves  much 
the  higher '  consideration.  Capital  has  its  rights,  which  are  as 
worthy  of  protection  as  any  other  rights.  Nor  is  it  denied  that 
there  is,  and  probably  always  will  be,  a  relation  between  labor 
and  capital  producing  mutual  benefits.  The  error  is  in  assuming 
that  the  whole  labor  of  the  community  exists  within  that  relation. 

The  prudent  pemiiless  beginner  in  the  world  labors  for  wages 
a  while,  saves  a  surplus  with  which  to  buy  tools  or  land  for  him- 
itelf,  then  labors  on  his  own  account  another  while,  and  at  length 
hirefl  another  new  beginner  to  help  bun.  This,  say  its  advo- 
cates, is  free  labor — ^the  just,  and  generous,  and  prosperous  sys- 
tem, which  opens  the  way  for  all,  gives  hope  to  all,  and  energy, 
and  pn^ress,  and  improvement  of  condition  to  all. 

I  am  not  ashamed  to  confess  that  twenty-five  years  ago  I  was 
a  hired  laborer,  mauling  rails,  at  work  on  a  flatboat — just  what 
mig^  happen  to  any  poor  man's  son.  I  want  every  man  to  have 
the  chance — and  I  believe  a  black  man  is  entitled  to  it — in  which 
he  can  better  his  condition — when  he  may  look  forward  and 
hope  to  be  a  hired  laborer  this  year  and  the  next,  work  for  him- 
self  afterward,  and  finally  to  hire  men  to  work  for  him.  That  is 
the  true  system.  .  .  .  Then  you  can  better  your  condition,  and 
so  it  may  eo  on  and  on  in  one  oeaseless  round  so  long  as  man 
exists  on  the  face  of  the  earth. 

The  advocates  of  industrial  democracy  want  such  changes 
in  legislation,  and  still  more  in  the  spirit  of  the  people,  both 
employers  and  employed,  that  every  man  will  nave  a  fail 
chsuice,  on  the  one  hand,  to  accept  employment  from  the  pos- 
sesaor  of  capital,  and,  on  the  other  hand,  by  intelligence,  int^- 
rity,  and  thrift,  to  become  himself  a  capitalist  if  he  wishes  so  to 
do.  The  believer  in  industrial  democracy  expects  that  there  will 
always  be  employers  and  employe<l,  but  he  desires  to  destroy 
the  barrier  between  these  two  claases  and  make  it  easy  for  men  I 
to  pass  from  the  one  class  to  the  other,  or  to  belong  to  both) 
classes  at  the  same  time.  There  will  still  be  both  capitalists  andJ 
laborers,  but  the  great  majority  of  capitalists  will  also  be  laborj 
era,  and  the  great  majority  of  laborers  will  also  be  capitalists! 
When  engaged  in  any  common  enterprise  they  will  be  partners, 
sharing  both  the  control  and  the  profits  of  the  business  ;  when 
they  are  not,  the  laborers  will  generally  hire  the  capital,  not 
capital  the  laborers. 

There  are  some  destructionists  who  think  that  civilization  to 
date  is  one  great  blunder,  that  the  energy  and  enterprise  of  the 
{)aHt  ha^  aU  been  expended  in  vain,  t^t  not  only  the  edifice 
which  our  ancestors  have  built  should  be  demolished,  but  the 
very  foundations  shoold  be  overturned,  and  who  are  so  sure  of 
their  own  wisdom  that  they  wish  to  destroy  everything  that  has 
lieen  done  and  build  anew.  They  are  qiute  sure  that  if  the  world 
would  give  them  the  power,  they  could  build  an  enduring  Temple 
of  Liberty  in  a  day  ;  but  they  are  agreed  in  nothing  but  the 
destmotion  of  existing  institutions,  "niey  are  the  lineal  descend- 
ants of  the  builders  of  the  Tower  of  Babel.  When  they  begin 
to  talk  of  construction,  they  are  afflicted  with  a  confusion  of 
tongues,  and  their  always  va^e,  visionary,  and  impracticable 
schemes  have  no  place  in  this  attempted  summary  of  reform 
ui^ed  upon  the  world  by  sane  and  honest  meu. 


During  the  next  two  or  three  years  a  great  variety  of  indus- 
trial and  social  reforms  will  be  proposed  in  newspapers,  maga- 
zines, books,  and  legislative  bodies  for  the  world's  discussion. 
We  hope  that  this  brief  tabulation  of  reforms — and  it  is  only  a 
tabulation — may  help  our  readers  in  placing  and  perhaps  in 
valuing  the  proposals  which  may  be  present^  to  them.  Most 
of  them  will  probably  be  some  modification  of  one  of  the  above 
outlined  schemes  or  some  combination  of  two  or  more  of  them. 


A  LITTLE  SERMON  ON  FREE  VERSE' 

There  has  been  a  torrent,  a  very  deluge,  of  free  verse  these 
past  few  years.  The  Imagists  threw  wide  the  carefully  guarded 
doors  of  the  temple  because  they  wanted  a  little  fresh  air,  and 
before  they  knew  it  the  Bobheviki  of  literature  were  sitting, 
with  knees  crossed,  on  the  altar,  chattering  in  the  inner  fane 
and  blowing  out  the  eternal  lamps.  For  a  while  they  seemed  to 
be  in  full  control ;  no  money-changers  ever  made  themselves 
more  at  home.  But  there  are  indications  that  the  ancient  priests 
are  coming  back  into  possession.  Perhaps  the  free-verse  folk 
will  set  up  a  temple  of  their  own.    They  should. 

For  they  have  the  first  requisite  of  a  successfid  religion — 
they  have  mystery.  In  the  past  the  elements  that  went  to  make 
a  poem  were  two — the  poet  and  his  theme.  Into  this  new  poetry 
a  third  element  enters — the  typesetter — ^who  by  some  esoteric 
abracadabra  transmutes  what  is  essentially  a  memorandum  in  a 
novelist's  note-book  into  a  thing  which  can  be  sold  by  the  line 
as  a  poem.  Thus : 

I  know  a  girl  who  lives  on  the  West  Side,  in  a  seven-room-and- 
elevator,  thank  yon,  flat  I  She  sleeps  till  eleven  every  day,  and 
then  she  puts  on  a  wide-skirted  gown  (she  weighs  one  hundred 
and  sixty)  and  boots  that  lace  up  the  back,  and  goes  out  and  airs 
her  dog  in  the  Park.  In  the  afternoon  she  goes  to  the  movies, 
and  cnes  over  the  poor  heroine.  In  the  evening  she  goes  out 
under  the  moon,  in  a  taxicab,  and  watches  a  performance  of  the 
"  Happytown  Girls."  And  then,  after  a  salad  in  a  stuffy  and 
close  cabaret  place,  she  goes  home  to  bed. 

Every  day  she  does  this. 

And  oecause  I  write  free  verse,  and  manage  to  sell  only  enough 
to  keep  me  fed,  she  thinks  my  Ufe  is  wastea  ! 

No  man  in  his  hours  of  maddest  aberration  woidd  dream  of 
classifying  those  hastily  scrawled  paragraphs  as  a  poem.  But 
here  enters  the  typesetter : 

WASTE 

« I  know  a  girl  who  lives  on  the  West  Side, 
In  a  seven-rooiu-and-elevator,  thank  you,  flat ! 
She  sleeps  till  elnven  every  day. 
And  then  she  puts  on  a  wide-skirted  g^wn," 

and  so  forth. 

The  miracle  of  the  creative  mind  is  as  nothing  to  the  miracle 
of  the  typesetter.  For  the  jotted  reminder  has  become  a  poem 
which  may  be  printed  in  a  book  with  other  jotted  reminders 
and  passed  off  on  the  unwary  as  that  form  of  art  which  at  its 
worst  is  regarded  by  a  large  group  of  the  community  (which 
never  has  any  dealings  wiui  any  form  of  literature  whatever) 
as  somehow  more  distinguished  than  any  prose. 

"  City  Tides,"  by  Archie  Austin  Coates,  from  which  the 
touching  lines  quoted  above  are  drawn,  represents  free  verse 
not  at  its  worst  by  any  means,  but  in  its  most  annoying  mani- 
festation. For  Mr.  Coates  has  imagination  and  zest  for  experi- 
ence besides  some  skill  in  the  conventional  rhythms.  But  he  is 
possessed  by  the  great.  American  passion  for  getting  something 
for  nothing — in  tiiis  case,  to  a  greater  or  less  dWree,  that 
elusive  thing  known  as  fame.  Like  Ed^ar  I^ee  JVusters,  he 
takes  the  kind  of  theme  which  Edwin  Arlington  Robinson  first 
brought  into  American  poetry  some  twenty-five  years  ago,  and 
in  a  quarter  of  an  hour  (or  less)  sketches  on  the  back  of  an 
envelope  the  bare  bones  of  an  idea.  Robinson,  we  will  say,  does 
the  same,  and  then  sits  down  and  labors  for  hours  or  days  mak- 
ing a  body  and  soul  and  heart  for  that  drafty  skeleton  until  a 
poem  is  achieved.  But  Masters  and  his  various  pnweny  dispense 
with  the  labor,  putting  forth  the  bare  sketch  as  the  completed 
work  of  art.    To  a  young  writer  the  "  freedom  "  which  free 

■City  Tidm.    Br  Archie  Austin  Coktaa.    With  aa  Introdnotion  b;  nitritt 
Hanson  Towne.   Tha  Geoiye  H.  Oonn  Companjr,  New  York.   S>1.2n. 
Comhnakers.   By  Onrl  Sandburg.  Henry  Holt  &  Co.,  New  York.  91.30. 


Digitized  by 


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THE  OUTLOOK 


verse  offers  is  like  the  "  freedom  "  that  lies  in  free  '*  booze  " 
or  free  lov&  One  is  prompted  to  preach  in  terms  of  the  old 
theolo^  and  to  say  that  it  is  a  snare  of  the  Evil  One  designed 
to  annihilate  promising  poets.  The  doctrine  that  success  oomee 
only  through  endless,  plugging  work  is  hard  and  unpleasing, 
but  it  is  a  very  ancient  one,  and  no  one  has  yet  disproved  it. 
And  it  applies  to  the  making  of  poetry  a  little  more  completely 
and  undeniably  than  it  applies  to  any  other  form  of  endeavor. 

The  original  vera  librists  and  imagistes — ^Flint,  Aldington, 
"  H.  D.,"  Fletcher,  Ezra  Pound — insist  that  the  delicate  rhythms 
of  their  poems  are  vastly  more  difficult  to  achieve  thui  the 
tum4i4um4um8  of  conventional  verse.  Perhaps.  One  wonders, 
not  without  skepticism,  hunting  in  vain  for  the  subtle  meas- 
ures hidden  under  what  is  to  the  baffled  sense  often  mere  prose 
of  a  dubious  quality.  The  merit  of  the  imagist  group  lies  less  in 
their  rhythmic  experimentation  than  in  their  insistence  on  the 
concrete  image  as  the  palpitating  heart  of  poetry^  If  the  imag^ 
is  poignant  and  memorable,  it  makes  little  difference  whether 
the  bodywhich  incloses  it  be  verse  or  "  free  verse,"  or  unaffected 
prose.  The  life-giving  force  is  in  the  heart. 

PRATERS  OF  STEEL 

"  Lay  me  on  an  anvil,  O  Grod. 
Beat  me  and  hammer  me  into  a  crowbar. 
Let  me  pry  loose  old  walls. 
Let  me  lift  and  loosen  old  fomidations. 

Lay  roe  on  an  anvil,  O  God. 
Beat  me  and  hammer  me  into  a  steel  spike. 
Drive  me  into  the  g^irders  that  hold  a  sky-scraper  together. 
Take  red-hot  rivets  and  fasten  me  into  the  central  girders. 
Let  me  be  the  great  nail  holding  a  sky-scraper  throogh  blue 
nights  into  white  stars."  , 

I  Those  lines,  from  Carl  Sandburg's  "  Comhuskers,"  are  an 
!  example  of  the  **  new  poetry  "  at  its  best.  The  imagery  is  clear 
I  and  unforgettable ;  the  language  is  as  simple  and  sincere  as  the 
lang^na^  of  the  Psalms,  imtween  this  carefully  wroueht  series 
of  stirring  pictures  and  the  slipshod  scribble  previouiuy  quoted 
lies  all  ti^  world  of  devotion  and  art.  In  Mr.  Coates's  book  the 
absence  of  sharp  and  deep  vision  focuses  the  attention  on  the 
fact  that  the  lines  which  parade  as  verse  are  merely  bad  prose ; 
in  Mr.  Sandburg's  the  vision  is  so  compeUingthat  the  reader 
does  not  care  very  much  what  the  lines  are.  They  are  profoundly 
moving  because  the^  are  written  from  a  hot  heart  fed  by  open 
eyes  knowing  the  difference  between  the  false  and  the  true ;  so 
much  the  reader  immediately  recognizes.  It  is  only  later  that 
he  hears  in  these  poems  cadences  which  echo  in  the  memory 
like  the  cadences  of  the  Bible  or  of  Whitman. 

](0N0SnJ.ABI0 

"  Let  me  be  monosyllabic  to-day,  O  Lord. 
Yesterday  I  loosed  a  snarl  of  words  on  a  fool,  on  a  child. 
To^y,  let  me  be  monosyllabic  ...  a  crony  of  old  men 

who  wash  sunlight  in  tbeii-  fingers  and  enjoy  slow-pacing  docks." 

"  Comhuskers "  is  a  notable  book  from  the  first  poem, 
"  Prairie,"  with  its  defiant — 

"  I  tell  yon  the  past  is  a  backet  of  ashes," 

'  to  the  final  chant,  "  The  Four  Brothers,"  one  of  the  finest  war 
poems  America  has  produced.  It  is  rebellious,  imaginative, 
tender,  wistful ;  racy,  slangy,  and  now  and  then  coarse  ;  but  it 
is  packed  with  restless,  seetiliing,  like-to-burst  poetry.  There  is 
yeast  in  every  particle  of  this  dough. 

But  that  figure  of  speech  immediately  suggests  an  inevitable 
criticbm.  There  is  the  bread  of  life  in  these  pages — ^but  a  la^^e 
part  of  it  is  only  half-baked. 

BAin>  CONCERT 

"  Band  concert,  public  qgoare,  Nebraska  city.  Flowing  and 
circling  dresses,  summer-white  dresses.  Faces,  flesh  tints  flnng 
like  sprays  of  cherry  blossoms.  And  gigglers,  God  knows,  gig- 
glers,  rivaling  l^e  pony  whinnies  of  the  Livery  Stable  Bines. 

Cowboy  rags  and  nigger  rags.  And  boys  driving  sorrel  horses 
hnrl  a  cornfield  laughter  at  the  girls  in  dresses,  summer-white 
dresses.  Amid  the  cornet  staccato  and  the  tuba  oompa,  gigglers, 
God  knows,  gigglen  daffy  with  life's  razzle  dazzle. 

Slow  gooa-night  melodies  and  Home,  Sweet  Home.  And 
the  snare  drummer  bookkeeper  in  a  hardware  store  nods  hello 
to  the  daughter  of  a  railroad  conductor — a  giggler,  God  knows, 


a  giggler — and  the  snmo^er-white  dresses  filter  fimwise  out  of 
thepablic  square. 

Tne  crushed  strawberries  of  ice-cream  soda  places,  the  n;^;fat 
wind  in  cottonwoods  and  willows,  the  lattice  snadows  of  door- 
steps and  porches,  these  know  more  of  the  story." 

In  that  sketch  lies  the  substance  of  poetry,  the  raw  material ;' 
but  it  is  no  more  a  poem  than  a  dead  heifer  is  a  shoe.  Like  Mr.  I 
Coates,  Mr.  Sandburg  has  scribbled  some'  notes. on  tbe  back  of 
an  envelope,  and  because  he  too  was  possessed  for  the  moment 
by  the  passion  for  |^etting  something  for  nothing  he  called  it  a 
day's  work  and  quit.  Time,  that  rdentlees  Lord  High  Execu- 
tioner, will  administer  the  punishment  he  administers  to  statelj 
exposition  buildings  ''put  up  with  shingles  and  glue,"  and 
critics,  who  know  a  good  idea  when  they  see  it,  and  know  also 
how  rare  and  valuable  a  treasure  it  is,  will  mourn  that  its 
creator  did  not  think  enough  of  it  to  give  it  durable  form. 

Art  is  long. 

One  might  do  American  literature  a  worse  service  than  t» 

fray  nightly  that  Carl  Sandburg  find  it  out  and  ponder  tJbereon. 
or  he  belongs  in  die  front  rank  of  contemporary  American 
poets,  well  behind  Robinson,  but  ahead  of  Ijindsay  and  far 
ahead  of  Masters,  neck  and  neck  with  Amy  LowelL 

"  There  was  a  high  majestic  fooling 
Day  before  yesterday  in  the  yellow  com. 

And  day  after  to-morrow  in  the  yellow  com 
There  will  be  high  majestic  fooling. 

The  ears  ripen  in  the  late  summer 

And  come  on  with  a  conquering  laughter. 

Come  on  with  a  high  and  conquering  laughter," 

and  so  forth.  Here  is  promise  of  a  great  American  poet.  By  all 
means,  let  us  pray. 

THE    POLISH    QUESTION 

'  One  of  the  most  difficult  problems  which  the  Peaoe  Confer- 
ence at  Versailles  will  have  to  handle  is  the  question  of  the 
smaller  nations  of  the  "  Near  East."  We  mean :  Pobmd,  Gncho- 
Slovakia,  and  the  Jugoslav  Republic.  These  new  natatms  are 
made  out  of  territory  and  people  which  have  until  very  recently 
been  under  tihe  control  of  Germany,  Austria,  and  Rusaia.  There 
is  already  an  acute  conflict  in  progress  as  to  whether  Italy  or 
the  Jugoslavs  shall  occupy  territory  al(mg  the  DalnuUaan  coast 
on  the  Adriatic  The  Czechoslavs,  whose  central  territory  is 
that  formerly  known  as  Bohemia,  are  asking  for  an  oud^  to 
the  Adriatic  by  a  plan  or  scheme  which  has  aroused  sharp  of^to- 
sition  among  their  neighbors. 

But  of  all  these  controvernes,  the  most  serious  is  that  ood- 
nected  with  the  reconstruction  of  Poland.  What  the  Poles  tiioB- 
selvee  want  is  set  forth  with  unusual  clearness  and  completraieH 
by  Mr.  Gorski's  article,  and  its  aocompanying  map,  whidi  will 
be  found  elsewhere  in  litis  issue. 

The  Polish  leaders  want  Poland  reconstituted  cm  its  cdd  his- 
torical lines.  This  old  historical  Poland  was  partitioned  among 
Russia,  Germany,  and  Austria,  and,  while  these  three  Powen 
submit  to  the  erection  of  a  new  Poland — Russia  cheerfully  and 
Germany  and  Austria  under  compulsion — all  agree  in  asserting 
that  the  Polish  leaders  claim  too  much  territory.  They  say  tint 
the  new  Poland  should  be  made  upon  an  ethnological  and  not 
upon  a  historical  basis ;  that  is  to  say,  that  the  ares  of  new 
Poland  should  be  confined  to  those  portions  of  Russian,  PruasiaD. 
and  Austrian  Poland  where  the  Polish  language  is  so  commonl; 
spoken  as  to  indicate  a  pure  Polish  population ;  that  Germany 
should  be  allowed  to  retain  that  portion  which  has  beoorae 
really  German,  while  Russia  retains  the  really  Russian  seotkoi. 
To  this  the  Polish  leaders  repl^  that  the  absence  of  the  Polisli 
language  is  not  always  an  indication  of  the  absence  of  Polia]) 
culture  and  aspirations.  They  say  that  Alsace  and  Lonaiix 
have  been  returned  to  France,  although  G«rman  was  the  <^Bdal 
and  educational  language  of  those  two  provinces. 

Naturally,  The  Outlook  cannot,  and  does  not,  attempt  to  settk 
this  question.  It  is  one  that  must  be  left  to  the  Versulles  Cob- 
f  erence.  But  it  is  one  to  be  settled  not  merely  by  historini 
precedent  nor  by  political  expediency.  It  is  to  be  settled,  as  bi 
as  possible,  by  a  just  recc^^tion  of  the  real,  deep,  and  abiding 
desires  of  the  peoples  of  wese  territories  themselvea. 

Digitized  by  VJWVJV  iC 


AMERICAN  RAILWAYS  IN  FRANCE 


IN  The  Ontlook  for  November  20  we  printed  an  article  by  a 
distmguished  American  engineer  who  has  been  serving  in 
an  engineering  capacity  as  an  officer  of  high  rank  in  the 
American  Army  in  France.  The  purpose  of  his  article  was  to 
nrge  the  American  people  to  be  modest  in  their  comparisons  of 
the  achievements,  especially  the  en^^eering  achievements,  of 
the  Americans,  the  French,  the  British,  and  the  Italians  in  the 
great  war.   His  article  contained  this  paragraph : 

American  people  have  been  given  to  midergtand  that  on  the 
engineering  side,  for  instance,  great  engineering  achievements 
have  been  accomplished  in  Fi-ance,  and  mat  these  achievements 
are  proper  fonndation  for  abnormal  pride  both  at  home  and 
abroad,  and  that  our  French  and  British  associates  have  been 
astonished  at  oar  engrineering  work.  Statements  have  been  made 
to  the  American  people  through  the  press  and  by  word  of  mouth 
that  at  least  one,  sometimes  it  is  said  to  be  two,  double-track 
railways  have  been  built  from  the  coast  to  the  front ;  and  yet 
the  fact  is  that  no  such  constmetion  has  ever  been  started. 
When  the  war  is  over  and  the  extent  of  our  engineering  con- 
ittmction  is  actually  seen,  it  will  be  found  that  uie  amount  or 
character  thereof  is  no  adequate  foundation  for  nnosual  home 
pride  or  boastfulness. 

Several  correspondents  have  written  us  regarding  this  state- 
ment and  inclosing  a  despatch  from  the  Associated  Press  which 
was  published  in  the  daily  newspapers  of  this  country  in  the 
latter  part  of  November.  This  despatch  says :  "  To  meet  de- 
mands which  the  existing  French  railways  are  unable  to  meet, 
843  miles  of  standard-gauge  railways  were  constructed."  In  the 
"  Saturday  Evening  Post "  for  November  30  the  well-known 
special  correspondent,  Mr.  Isaac  F.  Marcosson,  in  praising  the 
engineering  work  of  tihe  American  Expeditionary  Forces, 
makes  the  following  statement :  "  We  have  laid  down  and 
operate  a  series  of  railways  equal  in  scope  to  the  Pennsylvania 
system  " 

Haying  submitted  these  statements  and  letters  from  our* 
readers  to  the  American  engineer  officer  who  was  the  author  of 
the  article  in  The  Outlook  that  has  been  called  in  question, 
be  gives  us  information  which. we  have  confirmed  by  some  investi- 
^tion  on  our  own  account.  The  Pennsylvania  railway  system 
Bonsists  of  about  ten  thousand  miles  of  trackage,  or,  to  be  exact, 
10,460  mOes,  according  to  the  latest  available  statistics.  The 
Associated  Press  despatch  only  claims  that  we  have  built  843 
miles,  so  that  it  is  perfectly  apparent  that  Mr.  Marooeson's 
itatement  is  a  grave  exaggeration.  It  was  to  guard  against  just 
mch  exaggeration  that  the  article  by  our  correspondent  entitled 
*  Preach  Modesty  "  was  written. 

Moreover,  the  843  miles  referred  to  in  the  Associated  Press 
lespatch  is  side-track  mileage  almost  entirely,  and  does  not  refer 
io  main-line  oonstruction  of  an  expensive  and  heavy  character. 


Some  observers,  traveling  from  Bordeaux  to  Paris  and  having 
seen  track-laying  activities  along  the  line,  received  the  impression 
that  our  engineer  regiments  were  doubling,  or  perhaps  four- 
tracking,  that  well-known  and  long-established  rnsui  known  as 
the  Pans  and  Orleans  Railway.  As  a  matter  of  fact,  it  was  in 
times  of  peace  a  double-track  road,  and  the  track-laying  which 
civilian  observers  noticed  was  simply  a  temporary  side-track 
laid  on  flat  eround.  It  is  true  that  a  fine  about  seven  miles  in 
length  was  ouilt  from  Bordeaux  to  the  village  of  St.  Sulpice 
for  the  purpose  of  facilitating  the  unloading  and  classification 
of  merchandise.  The  best  authoritative  information  that  we  can 
obtain  justifies  us  in  reasserting  that  in  the  American  sense  of 
the  word  no  permanent  double-track  or  four-track  railway  con- 
struction was  undertaken  in  France  by  our  engineering  regi- 
ments. This  is  not  to  say,  and  our  author  made  that  fact  clear 
in  his  original  article,  that  our  engineers  have  not  done  splendid 
work,  but  we  ought  to  guard  ourselves  against  misdescribing 
or  exaggerating  me  work  which  they  did.  To  build  843  miles 
of  yard  side-tracks  was  no  doubt  a  great  accomplishment,  but  in 
1908  the  Chicao;o,  Milwaukee,  and  St  Paul  Railroad  built  this 
same  amount  of  railway  in  one  year,  through  die  Rocky  Moun- 
tains and  through  territory  of  great  engineering  difficulty,  without 
any  notice  being  given  to  it  on  the  part  of  the  public,  an  achieve- 
ment evidently  more  difficult  in  an  engineering  sense  than  the 
construction  of  843  miles  of  side-track  on  flat  ground  in  France. 
There  is  glory  enough  for  our  troops,  engineers,  and  our  indus- 
trial executives  in  the  p^reat  work  we  have  done  to  aid  France 
and  Great  Britain  in  winning  the  war,  without  so  highly  coloring 
the  descriptions  as  has  been  done  by  Mr.  Marcosson  and  writers 
of  other  similar  articles  connected  with  this  subject.  General 
Pershing's  modesty  and  restraint  in  die  remarkable  account 
embodied  in  the  report  of  the  Secretary  of  War  form  a  model 
of  the  spirit  that  should  govern  all  American  comment. 

In  this  connection  it  is  worth  noting  that  the  figures  just 
made  public  by  the  Navy  Department  show  that  2,079,880 
American  troops  were  transported  across  the  Atlantic  during 
the  war.  Of  these  1,075,233  were  carried  in  British  owned  and 
British  operated  ships,  and  52,066  went  in  French  and  Italian 
vessels.  Great  Britain  furnished  nearly  fifteen  per  cent  of  the 
warsnipe  convojdng  and  protecting  these  transports.  We  think 
it  unfortunate  that  the  President  in  his  recent  address  to 
Congress  did  not  refer  to  this  British  and  Allied  cooperation 
without  which  the  great  achievement,  which  he  did  refer  to,  of 
transporting  these  men  could  not  have  been  accomplished.  His 
only  reference  to  the  British  transports  was  contained  in  the 
following  sentence :  "  Only  758  men  were  lost  by  enemy  attack 
— 630  of  whom  were  upon  a  single  English  transport,  which 
was  sunk  near  the  Orkney  Islands." 


NOT  VENGEANCE  BUT  VINDICATION 


BY   HENRY   VAN   DYKE 

RECENTLY  AMERICAN  MINISTER  TO  HOLLAND 


THE  great  ynx  is  ended.  Germany,  who  forced  it,  has  sur- 
rendered and  laid  down  her  arms,  a  conquered  criminal 
The  men  who  have  won  this  glorious  victory  are  the 
loldiers  and  sailors  of  the  Allied  forces  and  America.  The 
itatesman  who  made  it  possible  to  clinch  the  result  without  the 
lacrifioe  of  one  unneeded  life  or  the  prolongation  by  one  hour 
rf  the  world  anguish  is  President  Wilson. 

Now  we  face  the  problem  of  the  g^eat  peace.  The  ansmic 
lacifists  did  nothing  to  win  it.  They  must  have  no  hand  in  its 
naking.  What  the  world  wants  to-day  is  not  anarchy,  nor 
Javery,  nor  class  warfare,  but  peace  with  power.  Right  must 
■eign,  and  Might  must  back  it. 

But  what  to  do  with  the  criminals — the  German  nders  and 

he  people  who  have  supported  them  in  the  wanton  destruction 

>f  at  least  ten  million  human  lives  ? 

Two  word&are  in  the  air  just  now :  vengeance  and  vindication. 

Venffeanm  is  not  for  us.    To  avetige  is  to  punish  a  wrong 

lon«  to  othoB.  That  belongs  to  God. 

To  revenge  is  to  punish  a  wrong  done  to  ourselves.   That  is 


unworthy  of  a  Christian.  Let  us  get  vengeance  oat  of  our 
mind. 

Vindication  is  what  we  have  fought  for.  Vindication  is  what 
we  must  demand  in  the  terms  of  peace.  Vindication  means  the 
upholding  of  justice  and  the  prevention  of  crime. 

On  the  German  Kaiser,  the  Crown  Prince,  Hindenburgv 
Ludendorff,  and  the  rest  of  the  I'otsdam  Gang  justice  must  be 
done  according  to  international  law.  The  repetition  of  their 
crime  of  1914  must  be  made  impossible.  What  we  want  is  not 
vengeance  but  vindication. 

Have  the  Kaiser's  gang  really  repented  ?  No  sign  of  it  yet. 

Have  the  German  people  really  repented?  No  sign  of  it 
yet.  They  must  bring  forth  fruits  meet  for  repentance  l>efore 
they  can  be  forgiven.  That  means  indemnity,  not  punitive 
but  reformatory — all  that  they  have  smashed  they  must  re- 
build. 

Peace  founded  on  justice  and  backed  with  power  is  what 
America  wants.  We  count  on  President  Wilson  to  uphold  that 

end  at  the  Peace  Conference. 

Digitized  by  y^JVJKJS^^ 


AMBASSADOR  MORGENTHAU'S  STORY' 


ONE  lays  down  this  volume  witii  the  feeling^  that  he  has 
been  shown  directly  and  personally  what  went  on  in 
Turkey  in  the  days  just  before  Turkey  entered  the  war 
and  in  those  which  followed  Turkey's  entrance  into  the  war — 
and  shown  this  by  a  man  who  lived  and  had  daily  inter- 
course with  the  participants  in  the  dramatic  and  tragic  events. 
Reminiscence,  free  and  easy  talk  and  description,  the  ele- 
ments of  story-telling,  are  all  present  in  a  gratifying  and 
entertaining  way.  But  this  is  not  in  the  least  inconsistent 
with  historical  authority,  actual  personal  knowledge,  and 
even  the  disclosure  of  things  of  paramoimt  value  to  our 
knowledge  of  the  origin  of  the  war.  If  we  can  have  books 
dealing  with  men  and  things  as  they  were  seen  in  separate 
countries — books  like  that  on  Belgium  by  Mr.  Brand  Whit- 
lock,  our  Minister  there  when  war  broke  out,  like  that  by 
Mr.  Gerard,  our  Ambassador  in  Germany,  and  this  volume 
by  our  Ambassador  in  Turkey — and  if  we  were  then  to 
combine  the  information  and  impressions  thus  obtained,  there 
woidd  residt  a  clearer  and  stronger  mental  picture  of  what  went 
on  in  these  and  other  countries  than  we  are  likely  to  get  very 
soon  by  reading  one  elaborate  and  exhaustive  history  of  the  war. 

Mr.  Morgenthau  was  the  American  Ambassador  at  Constan- 
tinople in  1913,  and  continued  there  for  two  years  after  the 
war  broke  out  in  1914.  As  a  representative  of  a  neutral  nation, 
charged  with  the  interests  of  some  of  the  countries  at  war,  he 
was  in  constant  and  daily  intercourse  with  the  men  responsible 
for  government  in  Turkey  and  with  the  Ambassadors  of  Ger- 
many and  Austria.  He  had  every  opportunity  of  knowing  tlie 
inside  sto^  of  the  effort  to  get  Turkey  into  the  war  and  its 
success.  He  tells  ns,  for  instance,  of  Germany's  failure  to  insti- 
gate Mohammedans  the  world  over  to  fight  a  Holy  War  against 
the  Allies;  of  Germany's  callous  refusal  to  interfere  with 
Turkey  when  a  million  Armenians  and  Greeks  were  being 
massacred;  how  the  closing  of  the  Dardanelles  by  German 
direction  led  slowly  but  surely  to  the  weakening  of  Russia's 
total  military  power ;  how  the  Turkish  forces  were  at  their  last 
pounds  of  powder  when  the  Allied  fleet  abandoned  its  attack  on 
the  Dardanelles. 

In  a  historic  s^ise  the  most  important  passage  in  the  book  is 
that  regarding  Mr.  Morgenthau's  conversation  with  the  Ger- 
man Ambassador,  Wangenheim,  describing  the  Imperial  confer- 
ence at  Berlin  which  preceded  Austria's  declaration  of  war.  At 
the  time  of  this  talk  things  were  looking  very  favorable  for 
Germany,  and  Wangenheim,  in  his  enthusiasm  and  contempt 
of  the  Allies,  spoke  with  astonishing  freedom.  We  quote  tlus 
passage  at  length  because  it  confirms  on  direct  and  unimpeach- 
able evidence  theljasic  facts  already  proved  by  the  statements 
of  Prince  Lichnowsky  and  Herr  Miihlun.  We  hope  that  Mr. 
Morgenthau  will  be  mvited  to  present  these  facts  before  the 
Versailles  Conference.  They  contradict  flatly  the  Kaiser's 
recently  reported  statements  that  his  accomplices  kept  him  in 
ignorance  of  the  impending  war : 

"  I  have  already  mentioned  that  the  German  Ambassador 
had  left  for  Berlin  soon  after  the  assassination  of  the  Grand 
Duke,  and  he  now  revealed  the  cause  of  his  sudden  disappear- 
ance. The  Kaiser,  he  told  me,  had  summoned  him  to  Berlin  for 
an  Imperial  conference.  This  meeting  took  place  at  Potsdam 
on  July  6.  The  Kaiser  presided  and  nearly  all  the  important 
ambassadors  attended.  Wangenheim  himself  was  summoned  to 
g^ve  assurance  about  Turkey  and  enlighten  his  associates  gen- 
erally on  the  situation  in  Constantinople,  which  was  then  re- 
garded as  almost  the  pivotal  point  in  the  impending  war.  In 
telling  me  who  attended  this  conference  Wangenheim  used  no 
names,  though  he  specifically  said  that  among  them  were — the 
facts  are  so  unportant  that  I  quote  his  exact  words  in  the  Ger- 
man which  he  used — '  die  Havpter  des  Generahtaha  und  der 
Marine '  (the  heads  of  the  General  Stafif  and  of  the  navy),  by 
which  I  have  assumed  that  he  meant  von  Moltke  and  von  Tir- 
pitz.  The  great  bankers,  railroad  directors,  and  the  captains  of 
German  industry,  all  of  whom  were  as  necessary  to  German 
war  preparations  as  the  army  itself,  also  attended. 

'  Ambaaaodor  Morgenthau's  Story.  By  HeoTj-  Morgentlua.  Xllnstrated.  Doable- 
diy,  Page  A  Co.,  Oaiden  City.  $2. 
622 


"  Wangenheim  now  told  me  that  the  Kaiser  solemnly  pot  tU 
question  to  each  man  in  turn  :  '  Are  you  ready  for  YnxT  AI 
replied  '  yes '  except  the  financiers.  They  said  that  they  uual 
have  two  weeks  to  sell  their  foreign  securities  and  to  nok^ 
loans.  At  that  time  few  people  had  looked  upon  the  ^nW^ 
tragedy  as  something  that  would  inevitably  lead  to  war.  TU 
conference,  Wangenheim  told  me,  took  all  precautions  that  n^ 
such  suspicion  should  be  arou8e<l.  It  decided  to  give  the  bonkeii 
time  to  readjust  their  finances  for  the  coming  war,  and  thm  iIm 
several  members  went  quietly  back  to  their  work  or  started  « 
vacations.  The  Kaiser  went  to  Norway  on  his  yacht,  Betli 
mann  Hollweg  left  for  a  i-^t,  and  Wangenheim  retumei)  b 
Constantinople. 

"  In  telling  me  about  this  conference  Wangenheim,  of  coanei 
admitted  that  Germany  had  precipitated  the  war.  I  think  that 
he  was  rather  proud  of  the  whole  performance,  proud  that  Ged 
many  had  gone  about  the  matter  in  so  methodical  and  fat^ 
seeing  a  way,  and  especially  proud  that  he  himself  had 
invited  to  participate  in  so  epoch-making  a  gathering.  . 

"The  several  blue,  red,  and  yellow  books  which 
Europe  during  the  few  months  following  the  outbreak,  and 
hundreds  of  documents  which  were  issued  by  German 
agandists  attempting  to  establish  Germany's  innocence, 
never  made  the  slightest  impression  on  me.  For  my  conciiK 
sions  as  to  the  responsibility  are  not  based  on  suspicions  « 
belief  or  the  study  of  circumstantial  data.  I  do  not  have  ta 
reason  or  argue  about  the  matter.  I  know.  The  conspinr; 
that  has  caused  this  greatest  of  human  tragedies  was  hstebed 
by  the  Kaiser  and  his  Imperial  crew  at  this  Potsdam  conferoia 
of  July  6, 1914.  One  of  the  chief  pai^icipants,  flushed  with  la 
triumph  at  the  apparent  success  of  the  plot,  told  me  the  detail 
with  his  own  mouth.  Whenever  I  hear  people  ai^ning  about 
*the  responsibility  for  this  war  or  read  the  clumsy  and  lyiai 
excuses  put  forth  by  Germany,  I  simply  recall  the  boriy  figm* 
of  Wangenheim  as  he  appeared  that  August  afternoon,  pidbi{ 
away  at  a  hu^e  black  cigar,  and  giving  me  his  account  of  tkis 
historic  meetmg.  Why  waste  any  time  discussing  the  matter 
after  that?" 

The  two  outstanding  personalities  in  Constantinople  vm 
Enver  and  Talaat.  From  any  Western  or  modem  point  of  viw. 
both  were  brutal,  murderous  scoundrels.  Oddly  enough,  bos- 
ever,  they  had  picturesque  and  even  amusing  sides  in  their  pa- 
sonal  cha^'acter.  The  news  columns  only  the  other  day  annooni^ 
that  Enver  and  Talaat  had  succeeded  in  escaping  from  C<«- 
stantinople  after  Turkey's  surrender,  and  had  appeared  in  Ber- 
lin disguised  as  German  officers,  and  with  looted  fimds  enoo^ 
to  make  them  rich.  With  their  flight  came  to  an  end  that  mi^ 
named  Committee  on  Union  and  Progress  which,  after  th* 
failure  of  the  first  attempts  of  the  Young  Turks  party  togoTeiu 
assumed  power.  Mr.  Morgenthau  gives  interesting  sketcbt^  i* 
these  two  men,  who  were,  as  has  been  stated,  "  as  imprin(nplo( 
a  pair  as  ever  usurped  power  and  betrayed  a  people.'  Here  >> 
a  picture  of  Talaat  at  home : 

"  Some  time  before,  I  had  visited  Enver  in  his  domestic  ml-- 
roundings,  and  this  occasion  now  gave  me  the  opportunitv  b- 
compare  his  manner  of  life  with  that  of  his  more  powerfci 
associate.  The  contrast  was  a  startling  one.  I  had  foimd  Envn* 
living  in  luxury,  in  one  of  the  most  aristocratic  parts  of  tb 
town,  while  now  I  was  driving  to  one  of  the  poorer  seotioc; 
We  came  to  a  narrow  street,  bordered  by  little  rough,  o» 
painted  wooden  houses ;  only  one  thing  distinguished  this  thor- 
oughfare from  all  others  in  Constantinople  and  suggested  tbt 
it  was  the  abiding-place  of  the  most  powerful  man  in  the  Tnrl- 
ish  Empire.  At  either  end  stood  a  policeman,  letting  no  <» 
enter  who  could  not  give  a  satisfactory  reason  for  doing  sa  A| 
contrasted  with  Enver's  palace,  with  its  innumerable  rooms  ami 
gorgeous  furniture,  Talaat's  house  was  an  old  rickety  wooiia 
three-story  building.  All  this,  I  afterward  learned,  was  put  d 
the  setting  which  Talaat  had  staged  for  his  career.  Like  muj 
an  American  politician,  he  had  found  his  position  as  a  mas  i 
'  the  people '  a  valuable  political  asset,  and  he  knew  that  > 
sudden  display  of  prosi)erity  and  ostentation  would  weaken  to 
influence  with  the  Union  and  Progress  Committee,  matt' 


Digitized  by 


Googl 


THE   OUTLOOK 


623 


hose  meml)en,  like  himself,  had  risen  from  the  lower  walks 
[  life.  The  contents  of  the  house  were  quite  in  keeping  with 
le  exterior.  There  were  no  suggestions  of  Oriental  magnifi- 
mce.  The  furniture  was  cheap  ;  a  few  coarse  prints  hung  on 
16  walls,  and  one  or  two  well-worn  rugs  were  scattered  on  the 
Dor.  On  one  side  stood  a  wooden  table,  and  on  this  rested  a 
il^^ph  instrument — once  Talaat's  means  of  earning  a  living, 
kI  now  a  means  by  which  he  communicated  with  his  associates. 
1  the  present  troubled  conditions  in  Turkey  Talaat  sometimes 
referred  to  do  his  own  telegraphing  I" 

Equally  interesting  are  passages  which  show  what  kind  of  a 
Dvemment  Enver  and  Talaat  carried  on.  We  combine  several 
sparate  paragraphs  which  together  offer  a  curious  view  of 
lese  men  as  politicians  and  public  criminals : 

"  The  Young  Turks  were  not  a  government ;  they  were 
«lly  an  irresponsible  party,  a  kind  of  secret  society,  which  by 
itrigue,  intimidation,  and  assassination  had  obtained  most  of 
le  offices  of  state. 

"  I  must  admit,  however,  that  I  do  our  corrupt  American 
uigsa  great  injustice  in  comparing  them  with  the  Turkish 
Wimittee  of  Union  and  Pr(^^res8.  Talaat,  Enver,  and  Djemal 
ad  added  to  their  system  a  detail  that  has  not  figured  exten- 
vely  in  American  politics — that  of  assassination  and  judicial 
lurder. 

"  Of  all  the  Turkish  politicians  whom  I  met,  I  regarded 
alaat  aa  the  only  one  who  really  had  extraordinary  native 
jility.  He  had  great  force  and  dominance,  the  ability  to 
link  quickly  and  accurately,  and  an  almost  superhuman 
iright  mto  men's  motives.  His  great  geniality  and  his  lively 
use  of  humor  also  made  him  a  splendid  manager  of  men. 

"  Early  in  January,  1914,  Enver  became  Minister  of  War. 
t  that  time  Enver  was  thirty-two  years  old ;  like  all  the  lead-, 
g  Turkish  politicians  of  the  period,  he  came  of  humble  stock, 
id  his  popular  title,  '  Hero  of  the  Revolution,'  shows  why 
alaat  and  the  Committee  had  selected  him  as  Minister  of 
^ar.  Enver  enjoyed  something  of  a  military  reputation, 
lOugh,  so  far  as  I  could  discover,  he  had  never  achieved  a 
wit  military  success.  .  .  .  But  certainly  Enver  did  have  one 
ait  that  made  for  success  in  such  a  distracted  country  as  Tur- 
iy — and  that  was  audacity.  He  was  quick  in  making  decisions, 
ways  ready  to  stake  his  future  and  his  very  life  upon  the 
ccess  of  a  single  adventure ;  from  the  beginning,  indeed,  his 


career  had  been  one  lucky  crisis  after  another.  His  nature  had 
a  remorselessness,  a  lack  of  pity,  a  cold-blooded  determination, 
of  which  his  dean-cut,  handsome  face,  his  small  but  sturdy 
figure,  and  his  pleasing  manners  g^ave  no  indication.  Nor  would 
the  casual  spectator  have  suspected  the  passionate  personal 
ambition  that  drove  him  on." 

It  is  some  satisfaction,  even  at  this  late  day,  to  read  in  cable 
despatches  from  Constantinople  in  early  December  that  the  new 
Sultan  disowns  and  disapproves  everything  that  Enver  and 
Talaat  did  under  German  pressure,  and  promises  his  hearty 
co-operation  in  measures  for  the  real  progress  of  the  Turks. 
The  reason  why  Turkey  entered  the  war  was  undoubtedly  her 
fear  and  distrust  of  Russia  and  Russia's  desire  to  reach  Con- 
stantinople and  the  sea.  This  element  has  now  disappeared 
from  the  international  situation.  The  Allies  will  see  to  it  that 
Constantinople,  where  the  British  fleets  now  lie  at  anchor,  is  an 
open  port,  free  from  Turkish  misrule,  and  that  the  Dardanelles 
will  be  what  they  always  should  have  been,  a  free  and  open 
passage  to  the  sea  for  all  nations. 

The  unparalleled  impudence  of  the  Turkish  misrulers  is  indir 
cated  in  one  grimly  humorous  story  told  by  Mr.  Morgenthau. 
Talaat  refused  over  and  over  again  to  do  a  single  thing  to  save 
the  Armenians  from  massacre,  although  when  he  was  taken  on 
his    good-natured  side  he  gave   Mr.  Morgenthau   a   birthday 

E resent  of  the  lives  of  half  a  dozen  Armenians  about  to  be 
anged.  Later,  when  Talaat  was  urged  to  intervene,  he  heart- 
lessly remarked  that  it  was  of  no  use  because  the  Armenians 
were  all  dead.  Not  content  with  that,  one  day  he  surprised 
Mr.  Morgenthau  by  this  extraordinary  remark :  "  I  wish  that 
you  would  get  the  American  life  insurance  companies  to  send 
us  a  complete  list  of  their  Armenian  policy-holders.  They  are 
practically  all  dead  now,  and  have  left  no  heirs  to  collect  the 
money.  It  of  course  all  escheats  to  the  state.  The  Government 
is  th^  beneficiary  now.  Will  you  do  so  ?" 

Mr.  Morgenthau  adds !  "  This  was  almost  too  much,  and  I 
lost  my  temper.  'You  will  get  no  such  list  from  me,'  1 
said,  and  I  got  up  and  left  him." 

The  temptation  to  quote  other  passages  equally  illuminating 
and  striking  must  be  resisted.  We  urge  our  readers  to  go 
directly  to  the  book  itself.  It  is  one  of  the  most  eminently  read- 
able and  vigorous  volumes  of  reminiscence  and  history  the  war 
has  produced. 


THE  PEACE   CONFERENCE  AT  VERSAILLES 

III— PAINS   AND    PENALTIES    BEFORE  THE    CONGRESS    OF    NATIONS* 

BY   ALBERT   BUSHNELL   HART 

PBOPESSOR  OF  GOVERNMENT  AT  HARVARD  UNIVERSITY 


TTTORLD  dongreeses  deal  with  countries,  areas,  bounda- 
i\/  ries,  nationalities,  and  race  groups,  and  the  coming 
f  V  meeting  in  Paris  will  have  its  hands  full  with  that  sort 
territorial  business.  Nothing  smaller  than  a  province  will  be 
presented  in  that  august  body.  Nevertheless  certain  very  im- 
rtant  and  disagreeable  personal  issues  have  already  found  a 
Igment  in  the  minds  of  statesmen  and  of  the  world  at  large, 
le  Allies  are  all  agreed  that  the  war  was  due  to  the  unbridled 
ibition  of  Germany  and  Austria-Hungary.  We  do  not  mean 
at  it  was  a  small  autocratic  governing  class  in  those  two  coun- 
les  that  made  the  war ;  the  evidence  is  conclusive  that  the 
188  of  thinking  people  in  both  Empires  welcomed  it,  supported 
believed  in  it,  and  made  no  protest  at  its  worst  excesses, 
anorably  excepted  from  this  population  are  a  few  German 
ic'ial  Democrats,  the  Alsace- Lorrainers,  and  the  Slavs  in  both 
npires,  who  were  compelled  to  fight  against  their  will  and 
ainst  their  friends,  and  have  had  to  accept  terrible  sufferings. 
Of  course  the  sovereigns,  the  courts,  the  leading  statesmen, 
d  the  general  staffs  of  those  countries  rest  under  a  special 
light  of  guilt,  because  they  were  the  spokesmen  of  those  coun- 
ts, the  interpreters  of  the  will  of  the  state,  and  took  the  final 

The  fint  of  this  wriea  of  artiola*  appeared  in  The  Outlook  for  Deoember  4 
l«r  the  title  "A  Great  World  Coiurem."  The  moond  (Deoember  11  iuoe)  is 
led  "  'llie  Qpeation  of  Small  State*.  '  Other  articles  will  follow  in  oonseontiTe 
■•><.— Tbb  Editobs. 


responsibility  of  drenching  the  world  with  blood.  A  few  of  them 
were  opposed  to  war  at  that  particular  time ;  others,  like  the 
present  "  No  Crown  Prince  "  of  Germany,  wanted  to  get  out  of 
it  as  soon  as  they  smelled  defeat ;  but  the  leaders  could  not  stop 
when  they  were  once  started,  because  for  fifty  years  they  had 
been  cultivating  the  poisonous  belief  that  Germans  were  super- 
men, free  from  the  bonds  of  ordinary  morality,  stripped  of  their 
ancient  chivalry,  and  bom  to  trample  upon  all  other  races.  The 
Junkers  were  like  an  unskilled  engineer  who  pulls  a  throttle 
and  starts  a  locomotive  which  runs  away  with  him  and  finally 
goes  to  smash  ;  is  not  that  engineer  responsible  for  the  death  of 
all  the  people  in  the  train  ? 

This  national  guilt  extends  to  all  the  barbarities  of  German 
and  Austrian  frightfulness.  The  professors,  clergymen,  scien- 
tific and  literary  men,  who  came  out  in  defense  of  the  war  at 
the  beginning,  never  joined  in  any  protest  against  the  inhuman 
conduct  of  the  armies  toward  non-combatants  in  occupied  terri- 
tories and  upon  wounded  and  prisoners.  The  high  military  and 
civil  authorities  are  responsible  because  in  part  they  either 
ordered  those  barbarities  or  ignore<l  them.  If  the  Emperor 
William  had  ordered  the  court  martial  and  approved  the  exe- 
cution of  the  person  who  gave  the  order  for  the  destruction  of 
Louvain,  he  might  have  put  a  little  of  the  fear  of  God  into  the 
German  officers.  If  the  great  body  of  educated  and  responsible 

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THE   OUTLOOK 


civilians  at  home  had  so  demanded,  they  could  have  stopped 
the  murder  of  the  sons  and  daughters  of  innocent  people,  the 
systematic  robbery  of  communities  and  individuals,  the  slavery 
of  men,  women,  and  children,  and  the  blood  bath  of  cruelty, 
lust,  and  murder. 

These  crimes  are  so  far  beyond  usual  methods  of  carrying  on 
war,  they  are  so  contrary  to  civilization  and  Christianity,  that 
most  of  the  world  would  like  to  see  somebody  suffer  for  them. 
Gei-many  and  Austria,  as  nations,  cannot  be  brought  to  the  bar 
of  justice.  Wholesale  proscriptions  of  great  numbers  of  persons 
who  no  longer  have  arms  in  their  hands  would  not  restore  the 
dead.  Those  Turkish,  Tartar,  and  German  methods  cannot  be 
used  by  a  humane  world.  After  our  Civil  War,  in  1865,  though 
the  North  was  greatly  exasperated,  it  wisely  adopted  the  policy 
of  sparing  punishments,  even  of  the  military  and  civil  leaders. 

NeverUieless  individuals  have  often  been  dealt  with  after  war 
was  over.  Under  Charles  II  several  of  the  "  regicides "  who 
had  condemned  Charles  I  to  death  were  hunted  out  and  exe- 
cuted ;  the  Congress  of  Vienna  informally  exiled  Napoleon,  and 
permitted  Murat,  former  King  of  Naples,  to  be  shot.  Might  not 
some  persons  be  picked  out,  not  because  they  were  soldiers  or 
sailors — for  the  victorious  soldier  always  respects  defeated  ene- 
mies who  have  fought  manfuUy  and  honorably — but  as  murder- 
ers, thieves,  ravishers,  and  slave-dealers,  who  took  advantage  of 
their  military  or  civil  authority  to  plunder,  devastate,  and 
destroy  helpless  and  imoffending  people  ?  One  man  out  of  the 
Southern  Confederacy  was  selected  in  1865  for  such  separate 
treatment — that  was  Captain  Henry  Wirz,  former  commandant 
of  AndersonviUe  Prison,  who  was  tried,  condemned,  and  hanged 
for  brutal  punishments  and  murders  of  prisoners  in  his  custody. 

What  are  the  crimes  and  who  are  the  criminals  in  the  great 
war  who  might  be  brought  to  trial  and  hanged  for  those 
crimes  ?  First  of  all,  one  wishes  that  we  might  lay  hold  of  the 
German  publicists  who  were  responsible  for  the  code  known  as 
the  "  German  Army-Law-Manual."  This  book  of  abominations 
directed  the  German  officers  "  that  certain  severities  are  indis- 
pensable to  war,  nay  more,  that  the  only  true  humanity  very 
often  lies  in  a  ruthless  application  of  it ;"  and  that  the  laws 
and  customs  of  war  must  yield  to  "  the  law  of  military  neces- 
sity." That  code  directed  German  officers  to  seize  food  without 
regard  to  the  necessities  of  the  population,  to  lay  heavy  fines 
on  towns  and  cities,  to  take  hostages  and  shoot  them  for  acts  of 
people  over  whom  they  had  no  control ;  and  sums  up  this  mon- 
strous doctrine  of  absolute  force  in  the  words,  "  What  is  per- 
missible includes  every  means  of  war  without  which  the  object 
of  the  war  cannot  be  attained." 

Carrying  out  the  spirit  of  these  barbaric  principles,  the  Ger- 
mans initiated  severu  new  forms  of  warfare  which  were  gen- 
erally supposed  to  be  outside  the  laws  of  war,  and  some  of 
which  were  prohibited  by  the  Hague  Conventions  of  1907 
which  had  been  signed  by  Germany.  Among  them  are  the  bom- 
bardment of  undefended  cities  by  airships,  the  use  of  poisonous 
gas,  and  the  deliberate  destruction  of  cathedrals  and  other 
public  buildings.  Those  will  have  to  go  unexpiated  because  it 
would  probably  be  impossible  now  to  fix  the  exact  responsi- 
bility for  the  malicious  ruin  of  the  Cathedral  of  Rheims,  the 
lives  destroyed  in  unwalled  London,  and  the  suffocation  of 
enemies  by  phosgene  gis.  The  Allies  carried  the  gas  and  airship 
warfare  back  upon  Germany  with  terrible  e^ct.  There  is 
hardly  gpx>und  here  for  criminal  suits. 

Quite  otherwise  with  the  application  of  the  German  art  of 
war  to  millions  of  people  who  were  making  no  war  ;  to  helpless 
old  people  and  children,  to  defenseless  womanhood.  A  great 
number  of  the  most  frightful  acts  cannot  be  proved  becEiuse 
the  perpetrators  are  now  dead — these  were  acts  of  brutal  sol- 
diers, non-commissioned  officers,  and  officers  of  high  degree  who 
acted  without  orders  and  left  no  witnesses  alive.  We  have, 
however,  a  mass  of  the  most  convincing  testimony  bearing 
straight  upon  individuals.  The  proclamations,  orders,  fines, 
and  condemnations  of  the  military  commanders  and  military 
governors  in  Belgium  and  France  have  been  preserved,  and  are 
sufficient  proof  of  crime.  General  von  Bissing,  who  was  really 
the  murderer  of  Edith  Cavell,  is  dead,  but  there  are  other 
equally  brutal  governors  who  are  alive  and  have  lived  too  long ! 
Things  were  done  every  day  under  the  protection  or  by  the 
orders  of  high-bom  German  officers   which  decent  men  and 


women  can  hardly  bring  themselves  to  describe.  Bat  we  have 
the  diaries  of  German  soldiers  in  the  field,  the  list  of  tortond 
and  murdered  Belgian  priests  made  up  by  that  world-hero  Car- 
dinal Mercier,  and  thousands  of  maimed  and  degraded  victinu 
who  can  give  testimony  to  crimes  beneath  human  nature. 

Sometmng  may  be  made  of  the  most  atrocious  acts  of  the 
submarines.  The  United  States  Government  once  protested 
at  any  use  of  submarines  against  merchant  shipping  ;  but  did 
not  insist  upon  that  point,  inasmuch  as,  properly  conducted,  it 
did  not  involve  the  lives  of  non-combatants.  We  did,  however, 
protest  against  the  murderous  use  of  submarines,  and  the  sink- 
mg  of  the  Lusitania  vras  an  act  which  opened  the  eyes  of  the 
United  States  to  the  German  war  spirit.  Doubtless  the  com- 
mander of  the  U-boat  that  sank  the  Lusitania  had  specific 
orders  to  that  effect;  but  there  are  ways  by  which  a  high- 
minded  officer  can  free  himself  of  the  i-esponsibility  for  sndi 
acts.  During  the  Civil  War,  when  a  certain  Union  officer  was 
ordered  to  return  a  fugitive  slave  who  had  found  refuge  in  his 
command,  he  broke  his  sword  in  front  of  his  troops  ;  and  that 
protest  was  respected.  No  German  officer  was  obliged  to  sink 
merchant  ships  "  without  a  trace,"  or  to  sink  relief  and  hospital 
ships,  or  to  shell  and  murder  crews  that  had  taken  refuge  in 
open  boats.  A  gentleman  under  such  orders  would  shoot  himself. 

The  exasperating  thing  is  that  gentlemen  somehow  do  not 
seem  to  find  themselves  in  the  German  high  oomnoand  or 
among  the  officers  at  the  front.  Was  ever  anything  more  black- 
guartuy  than  the  conduct  of  the  retreating  forces  down  to  the 
day  when  they  gladly  took  refuge  under  an  abject  amustaoe? 
StUl  robbing  hen-roosts,  looting  shops,  destroying  what  they 
could  not  eat  or  carry,  blowing  up  buildings,  leaving  devilish 
traps  in  the  street,  mining  public  buildings  which  could  be  of 
no  military  value  to  the  Albes !  Worse  tham  that,  stall  harrying 
the  populace,  blowing  up  the  mines,  razing  factories,  and  to  the 
very  last  carrying  away,  practically  as  slaves,  a  part  of  the 

Sopulation !  Surdy  some  of  those  petty  thieves  and  arsoo- 
ealers  and  slave-drivers  can  be  identified. 
Without  doubt  the  French  and  the  Belgians  are  now  collect- 
ing evidence  involving  particular  persons.  Very  likely  they  may 
demand  the  surrender  of  those  people  for  trial.  But  GemuDj 
as  a  nation  never  prevented  the  outrages,  and  to  the  very  hist 
there  were  no  public  protests  other  than  by  a  few  brave  8pirit&, 
some  of  whom  were  obliged  to  take  refuge  in  neutral  ootutsits. 
The  only  way  to  get  hold  of  specific  criminals  is  through  insist- 
ence on  the  part  of  the  Allies.  The  Congress  might  well  make 
it  a  part  of  their  findings  that  cases  of  robbery,  rape,  murda, 
and  enslaving  were  contrary  to  a  common  law  of  humanity  ;  that 
no  orders  from  above  could  be  pleaded  as  a  defense  for  crimes 
against  non-combatants  or  prisoners ;  but  that  those  who  gave 
orders  from  above  were  jointly  responsible.  It  is  not  neoeaaary 
to  reach  all  the  thousands  of  guilty  ones.  What  the  world  wants 
is  a  sufficient  number  of  convictions  for  proved  and  unnatoia] 
crimes  to  establish  forever  the  principle  that  war  does  not 
extinguish  justice ;  that  no  man  can  excuse  himself  for  becom- 
ing a  brute  beast  by  the  orders  of  the  Great  General  Staff, 
or  even  of  the  "All  Highest." 

Of  course  the  threads  of  these  crimes  lead  backward  to  those 
persons  who  probably  gave  no  direct  orders  but  were  in  a  posi- 
tion to  nullify  the  ortlers  of  others.  The  Emperor  of  Germany 
used  to  proclaim  himself  War  Lord  whom  every  soldier  most 
obey,  even  if  ordered  to  shoot  down  his  own  kindred.  He  ooald 
have  stopped  the  orgy  at  any  time  by  the  stroke  of  his  poi,  by 
the  click  of  a  telegraph.  He  let  those  things  go  on  becanse  he 
thought  they  helped  to  win  the  war.  He  is  responsible  for  similar 
atrocities  in  Poland,  in  Serbia,  in  Rumania,  and  in  Armenia. 
where  he  was  the  partner  of  that  enemy  of  mankind,  fkirer 
Pasha,  and  his  murderous  gang.  It  woidd  be  a  most  nnjn^ 
court  of  justice  which  condemned  German  officers  and  failed  to 
hang  Enver  Pasha. 

No  one  Power  is  competent  to  deal  with  the  question  of  dv 
responsibility  and  the  future  of  William  Hohenzollem.  He  pot 
himself  forward  as  the  central  figure  in  a  conspiracy  agaunst  tbe 
welfare,  happiness,  and  life  of  mankind ;  and  by  the  representa- 
tives of  mankind  his  case  ought  to  be  solemnly  and  dispaanas- 
ately  heard.  The  sentence  of  the  court  should  be  sanctiacied  by 
the  World  Congress  as  the  maintainer  of  civilizatitm,  the  pr» 
tector  of  weak  peoples,  the  embodied  conscience  of  numkina. 


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HYMN  FOR  THE  VICTORIOUS  DEAD' 

WORDS  BY  HERMANN  HAGEDORN,  MUSIC  BY  HORATIO  PARKER 

God,  by  the  sea^  by  the  resounding  sea, 

God,  in  the  vales,  God,  on  the  golden  plaia, 
God,  in  the  dark  of  cities,  tremblingly 
We  raise  our  hands,  we  raise  our  hearts,  to  Thee. 
Onr  spirits,  Father,  see,  we  raise  to  Thee 

In  longing.  Lord,  in  pain  I 

God,  by  the  sea,  more  terrible  than  guns, 

God,  on  the  hills,  low-bending,  oh,  Divine, 
We  offer  Thee  our  bright,  beloved  ones. 
In  love,  in  grief,  in  pride,  we  yield  our  sons. 
In  Thy  strong  hands.  Father,  we  lay  our  sons. 

No  longer  ours,  but  Thine ! 

God,  through  the  night,  the  dark,  tempestuous. 

See,  with  clear  eyes  we  wait  the  day  to  be. 
We  do  not  ask  that  they  come  back  to  us. 
We  know  that,  soon  or  late,  victorious. 
Even  though  they  die,  they  will  come  back  to  ns, 

Because  they  died  for  Thee ! 

1  Copyrigrht,  1918,  The  OutlooR  Company. 


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THE   OUTLOOK 


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"25-      -or  -zr 


A  POET  OF  BEAUTY  AND   MAGIC 


A  YEAR  or  so  ago,  after  infinite  difficulties,  it  is  rumored, 
l\  a  certain  young  lady  graduated  from  a  certain  Eastern 
m  college.  Some  of  the  difficulties  were  hers ;  more  of  them, 
is  rumored,  were  the  Faculty's.  For  the  Faculty  had  made 
p  its  collective  mind  that  this  young  lady  was  a  genius  and 
lat  it  would  not  do  as  other  faculties  had  heen  known  to  do 
I  other  g^iuses  and  stand  pilloried  through  all  time  in  oonse- 
lence.  This  Faculty,  not  always  with  equanimity,  it  is  ro- 
ored,  and  sometimes  with  a  wry  face,  stretcheda  point  here  and 
lere  and  blinked  its  collective  eyes  on  countless  occasions.  And 
S  after  much  pulling  and  straining,  the  7oung  lady  achieved  a 
jgree  and  the  Faculty  a  renewal  of  its  academic  contentment. 
Tlie  effort  was  worth  all  it  cost  Edna  St.  Vincent  Millay, 
hose  first  volume  of  poems  has  just  appeared,  is  a  poet  of 
agio  and  beauty.  Her  book  is  called  "  Renascence."  '  It  is  a 
ender  volume  of  some  seventy  pages,  of  which  a  third,  com- 
nsing  the  poems  "  Interim  "  and  "  The  Suicide,"  is  dull  and 
feless  stun,  and  the  rest  is  the  purest  gold  that  has  been 
uhed  from  the  eternal  streams  in  many  a  day. 
"god's  world 

*  O  world,  I  cannot  hold  thee  close  enough  1 

Thy  winds,  thy  wide  gray  skies  ! 

Thy  mists,  that  roll  and  rise  ! 
Thy  woods  this  autumn  day,  that  ache  and  sag 
And  all  but  cry  with  color  I  That  gaunt  cn^ 
To  crash !  To  lift  the  lean  of  that  black  bluff! 
World,  world,  I  cannot  get  .thee  close  enough  1 
Lonsr  have  I  known  a  glory  in  it  all, 

But  never  knew  I  this  ; 

Here  such  a  passion  is 
As  stretcheth  me  apart, — Lord,  I  do  fear 
Thou'st  made  the  world  too  beautiful  this  year  \ 
My  soul  is  all  but  out  of  me  ;  let  fall 
No  burning  leaf ;  prithee,  let  no  bird  calL" 

In  those  lines  is  the  authentic  cry  of  youth  in  the  presence  of 
rerwhelming  beauty,  with  a  poignant  beauty  of  its  own  that 
abs  like  the  beauty  of  which  it  tells. 

"  Lord,  I  do  fear 
Thou'st  made  the  world  too  beautiful  this  year  " 

hurts  "  as  only  great  poetry  "  hurts." 

>  R«iiaManae.  By  Edna  St.  Vinoent  Millay.  Mitchell  Kennerly,  New  York. 


" TAVEKK 

"  111  keep  a  little  tavern 

Below  the  high  hill's  crest, 
Wherein  all  gray-eyed  people 
May  set  them  down  and  rest. 

There  shall  be  plates  a-plen(y, 

And  mugs  to  melt  the  chill 
Of  all  the  gray-eyed  people 

Wlio  happen  up  the  hill. 

There  sound  will  sleep  the  traveler 

And  dream  his  journey's  end, 
But  I  will  rouse  at  midnight 

The  falling  fire  to  tend. 

Aye,  'tis  a  curious  fancy — 

But  all  the  good  I  know 
Was  taught  me  out  of  two  gray  eyes 

A  long  time  ago." 

There  are  rapture  and  infinite  tenderness  in  this  little  book, 
and  sadness  for  the  passing  of  things,  and  grief  and  despair,  all 
bathed  in  the  iridescence  of  an  imagination  unhampered  by 
theory  or  by  "  literary  "  self -consciousness.  "  Ashes  of  Life, 
"The  Little  Ghost,"  "When  the  Year  Grows  Old,"  "Three 
Songs  of  Shattering,"  "  Witch  Life,"  and  the  half-dozen  sonnets 
that  dose  the  volume  have  all  a  luminous  sincerity  that  is  as 
moving  as  it  is  rare.  It  is  these  briefer  poems  that  remain  to 
haunt  the  reader,  though  it  is  the  long  poem  which  gives  the 
volume  its  name  that  reveals  beet  the  breadth  and  driving  power 
of  Miss  Millay's  imagination.  It  won  a  prize  six  years  ago,  and 
must  have  been  written,  therefore,  when  Miss  Millay  was  a  sub- 
freshman. 

The  poems  are  noble  in  their  austere  simplicity.  There  are 
no  literary  frills,  no  melodious  mouthings.  The  poet  seems  con> 
scions  of  enormous  pr(>si>nces,  and  the  words  she  speaks  are  such 
as  men  would  choose  if  they  thought  that  the  angels  of  life  and 
death  were  listening  to  their  discourse.  She  has  tasted  the  sweet 
and  the  bitter ;  she  has  suffered  and  learned  from  suffering ; 
she  has  loved  men  and  women  and  cherishes  all  that  remains  to 
her  of  them. 

Edna  St.  Vincent  Millay  has  sat  at  the  feet  of  Christina 
Rossetti  and  has  written  poetry  of  which  that  wonderful  woman 
herself  need  not  have  been  aslmmed. 


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THE  ASPIRATIONS  OF  POLAND 


BY   WACLAW  O.  GORSKI 

HOnOHART  SECBETART  OF  THB  POLISB  VICTIMS  REUEF  FUND 

Mr.  Gionki  b  a  stepson  of  Ignacy  Jan  Paderewski,  the  famoos  pianist  and  composer  and  the  great  figure  in  the  movement  for  Polish  free- 
dom in  this  country.  Mr.  P«lerewski  has  been  known  to  Americans,  among  whom  he  has  lived  and  worked,  for  thirty  years.  Daring  the 
last  three  or  four  years  he  has  practically  given  up  his  art  and  devoted  himself  and  his  entire  private  fortune  to  the  work  of  Polish  freedom. 
Now  that  this  work  seems  about  accomplished,  he  has  said  at  the  Polish  Convention,  held  last  summer  in  Detroit,  as  a  protest  against  the 
possible  charge  of  political  ambition,  "My  desires  are  liberty  for  you  and  freedom  for  myself;"  and  to  his  friends  he  has  more  than  once 
remarked  that  when  his  political  activities,  which  are  wholly  foreign  to  all  his  tastes  and  inclinations,  are  completed,  his  sole  ambition  is  "  to 
retire  to  a  little  farm  with  a  piano  on  it."  Mr.  Gorski's  article  is  one  of  a  series  in  which  there  have  been  recorded  the  aspirations  of 
Bumimia,  Greece,  and  Montenegro  ;  see  The  Ontlook  for  October  2,  November  6,  and  November  27, 1918. — The  Esitobs. 


ONE  of  the  most  important  questions  to  come  before  the 
Conference  of  Peace  is  imdoubtedly  that  of  Poland.  We 
notice  that  beaten  Germany,  while  accepting  all  the  con- 
ditions imposed  upon  her  by  the  Allies  concerning  the  west,  has 
remained  silent  about  the  east.  She  fondly  hopes  to-day  that 
tiie  peace  conditions  will  not  interfere  'materially  with  the  con- 
tinnation  of  her  national  policy  of  "  Drang  nacK  Oaten  "  (push 
toward  the  east).  Regretfully  admitting  that  the  questions  of 
an  independent  Czechoslovakia  and  Jugoslavia  have  already 
been  settled,  not  by  herself,  but  by  her  vassal  state  Austria, 
Germany  undoubtedly  will  put  up  a  most  stubborn  fight  for  the 
retention  of  the  largest  possible  part  of  Poland.  She  hopes  thus 
to  frustrate  the  materialization  of  the  plan  of  a  wall  of  Slav 
and  German-hating  nations  extending  from  the  Baltic  to  the 
Adriatic,  of  which  Poland  is  to  be  the  comer-stone. 

In  view  of  the  important  role  which  Poland  will  be  called 
u^n  to  play,  it  will  be  of  interest  to  become  better  acquainted 
with  that  far-away  country,  her  historic  past  and  her  aspirations 
for  the  future. 

WhM  was  ancient  Poland,  and  when  did  it  arise  as  a  Euro- 
pean nation  I 

Exactly  as  we  find  in  the  histories  of  other  nations,  the 
origin  of  Poland  is  symbolized  in  a  legend.  It  is  related  that  a 
certain  mythical  being  named  Lech  appeared  with  his  two 
brothers,  Czech  and  Rus,  in  a  forest  where  now  stands  the  city 
of  Gnezno,  called  Gnesen  in  German.  There  the  brothers 
formed  a  settlement,  and  Lech,  finding  a  white  eagle's  nest, 
took  it  for  his  emblem.  In  course  of  time  the  brothers  sepa- 
rated ;  Czech  went  to  what  is  now  called  Bohemia  and  became 
the  father  of  the  Czechs,  Rus  went  to  the  east  and  became  the 
&,ther  of  the  Ruthenians,  while  Lech  remained  where  he  was. 

In  his  writings  Ptolemy  refers  to  a  Slavonic  tribe  which  he 
called  "  Bulanes,"  which  in  Latin  means  the  "  dwellers  of  the 
plains,"  a  description  which  applies  to  the  Poles,  since  the  word 
"Pole"  in  Slavonic  language  means  "plain."  The  country 
between  the  river  Oder  on  the  west  and  the  river  Dnieper  on 
the  east,  with  the  Vistula  in  the  center,  is  practicaUy  a  vast  field 
with  an  elevation  toward  the  south  culminating  in  a  long  chain 
of  hUls  and  mountains  called  the  Beskids  and  Giant  Mountains 
in  Silesia,  an  old  Polish  province,  the  Tatra  Mountains  and 
Carpathian  Mountains  in  present  Gralicia. 

The  inhabitants  of  these  plains  were  kind,  soft-hearted,  peace 
and  liberty  loving  people.  They  were  fond  of  songs,  music, 
dances,  hospitable  to  excess,  devoting  their  energies  to  agricul- 
ture. Owing  to  the  fact,  however,  that  they  were  surrounded  by 
greedy  neighbors,  exposed  to  easy  invasions,  very  soon  the 
Poles  were  compelled  to  forge  weapons  and  learn  warfare  in 
order  to  protect  their  homes,  their  wives  and  children.  They 
learned  it  quickly  and  they  learned  it  well,  and  within  a  short 
time,  out  of  a  number  of  rustic  pastoral  tribes  bound  by  a  com- 
mon danger,  they  became  a  real  nation,  made  up  of  plowmen 
and  warriors. 

In  966,  under  Miecislaw  I,  her  first  historic  ruler,  Poland 
embraced  Christianity  and  assumed  her  place  among  the  Chris- 
tian kingdoms  of  Europe.  But  it  was  given  to  Miecislaw's  son, 
Boleslaw  the  Brave,  to  unite  all  Polish  lands,  all  Polish  tribes, 
and  to  build  up  a  political  power  of  the  very  highest  degree.  It 
consisted  of  nearly  300,000  square  miles,  and  was  therefore 
almost  by  100,000  square  miles  lai^er  than  the  whole  of  the 
present  Gei'man  Empire. 

Later,  though  preserving  intact  the  people's  essential  char- 
acter, never  oppressing  another  nation,  always  receiving  most 
hospitably  every  race,  Poland  had  to  become  a  warring  nation. 

628 


A  hundred  wars  have  been  fought,  but  not  one  for  eon- 
quest  ;  all  in  self-defense,  in  defense  of  liberty,  Christaanity, 
and  justice.  The  battle  of  Lignica  in  1241  saved  Qemuuv 
from  the  Tartar  invasion.  The  battle  of  Griinwald  in  1410 
saved  Europe  from  Teutonic  dominion.  The  battle  of  Vienna 
in  1683,  under  the  command  of  John  Sobiesld,  saved  again  the 
whole  of  Europe  from  a  Turkish  invasion.  The  Polish  reTolii. 
tion  of  1794,  led  by  Thaddeus  Kosciuszko,  prevented  the  coali- 
tion of  autocrats  nrom  accomplishing  the  defeat  of  the  Froicii 
Republic ;  and  in  1830,  when  Nicholas  I  ordered  the  Polish  army 
to  mvade  Belgium  and  France,  that  very  Polish  army  of  only 
thirty-five  thousand  turned  against  the  Russians,  and  after  eleven 
months  of  heroic  struggling  succeeded  in  saving  France  for  a 
second  time. 

In  concluding  this  short  sketch  of  Poland's  past  history  let 
us  add  that,  al^ough  politically  inexistent,  Poland  never  gave 
up  the  struggle  for  her  own  liberty  and  that  of  others.  Xu 
army  ever  marched  to  battle  for  freedom  during  the  last  one 
hundred  and  fifty  years  which  did  not  count  in  its  ranks  numer- 
ous Poles.  And  tiins  it  happened  that  during  the  last  war, 
although  starving,  agonizing  herself,  tortured  Poland  gave  to  Uw 
cause  of  the  Allies  more  soldiers  than  Belgium  or  Serbia— 
1,300,000  to  Russia,  9,000  to  France,  7,000  to  Great  Britain, 
and  220,000  to  the  United  States.  Those  Poles  who  were  not 
subject  to  draft  in  this  coimtry  formed  an  army  of  their  own,  as 
autonomous  Polish  army  which  numbers  to-day  30,000,  and  hai 
won  for  itself  the  praise  and  admiration  of  tilie  Allies  oo  ^ 
battlefields  of  France. 

Causes  which  led  to  the  downfall  of  Poland. 

Official  and  officious  historians  of  nations,  mostly  inspired  by 
Germany,  have  been  and  still  are  trying  to  prove  that  Poland's 
downfall  was  due  to  her  dissensions  and  her  inability  to  govern 
herself. 

Are  their  assertions  corroborated  by  Poland's  past?  How  do 
these  things  look  in  the  light  of  positive  historic^  facts  ?  The 
Polish  Statute  of  Wislica  of  1347  was  chronologically  the  fint 
complete  code  of  Christian  Ehirope.  In  1413  Poland  oondoded 
a  political  union  with  Lithuania.  This  act  of  free  nni<ni  pro- 
claiming for  the  first  time  in  history  the  brotherhood  of  nations ; 
this  act  of  imion  confirmed  by  a  document  of  sublime,  almost 
evangelical  beauty ;  this  act  of  free  union  of  two  differatt 
races  which  lasted  undisturbed  as  long  as  Poland  remained 
independent,  is  one  of  the  most  glorious  achievements  not  only 
of  Poland  but  of  humanity. 

In  1505  the  Polish  "  nmUnovi "  Constitution  introduced  into 
the  world  for  the  first  time  a  democratic  parliamentary  system. 
In  1672,  the  very  year  of  St.  Bartholomew's  night,  the  Polisk 
Senate  declared  absolute  freedom  of  religion  adl  over  the 
republic,  but  even  long  before  that  date,  long  before  & 
discovery  of  this  country,  Poland  had  become  what  Amerioa  is 
to-day — a  safe  refuge  for  the  persecuted. 

In  1573  Poland  became  a  republic,  with  kings  elected  as 
presidents.  In  1430,  consequently  259  years  before  the  Habeas 
Corpus  Act  of  England  and  359  years  before  the  dedaistkn 
of  human  rights  m  France,  Poland  established  her  famoas 
law  "  Neminem  captivabimus  nisi  jure  victum,"  which  meaov 
"  Nobody  should  be  detained  unless  legally  convicted."  Poland's 
broad  Constitution  of  1791  preceded  by  fifty-seven  years  the 
constitutions  of  Germany  and  Austria  and  by  one  hundred  wid 
fourteen  years  the  so-called  Constitution  of  Russia. 

While  in  England  in  1832  two  per  cent  only  of  the  pppob- 
tion  were  fully  enjoying  all  politicad  rights,  in  1732  in  P<MaDil 
twelve  per  cent  of  the  population  were  already  in  posseanon  «f 


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PERCENTAGE  OF  POLES 

TO  THE 

TOTALPOPULATION 


75  to  100 
50  to  75 
25  to  50 
10  to  25 
Less  than  10 


•  •••FORMER  BOUNDARIES 
—^PROPOSED  FRONTIER  BOUNDARIES 

M  I  I  II  I  I  LLl  IJ  1  L1_L1J  I  M  I  I  I  I  I  11^  I  I 


R.  J,  W*IBAIH.  h.  Y 


MAP  OP  THE  PEOPOSED  NEW  POLAND,  SHOWING  PERCENTAGE  OF  POLES  TO  THE  TOTAL  POPULATION 

OF  TERBITOBIES  INCLUDED 


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THE   OUTLOOK 


18  December 


these  rights;  and  all  these  reforms  were  introduced  without  the 
shedding  of  even  one  drop  of  blood. 

In  the  middle  of  the  eighteenth  century  Polish  landowners 
(the  Polish  nobility)  started  of  their  own  free  will  and  initiative 
the  emancipation  of  peasants  from  serfdom.  It  may  be  of  inter- 
est to  state  here  that  among  the  illustrious  generals  who  fought 
for  the  independence  of  America  was  a  Polish  nobleman, 
Thaddeus  Kosciuszko. 

The  real  reason  for  Poland's  downfall  is  tliat  her  neighbors, 
greedy  and  strong,  considered  her  as  a  bad  example  of  liberal- 
ism— of  democracy,  as  we  would  say  to-<lay — for  their  own  sub-' 
jects.  The  most  easterly  of  the  great  Western  nations  to  which 
she  was  linked  by  her  Latin  culture,  Poland  was  assailed  treach- 
erously by  despotic  Austria,  Germany,  and  Hussia. 

We  are  just  now  emerging  from  a  war  in  which  it  required 
the  allied  efforts  of  the  whole  world  to  down  the  domineeruig 
aspirations  of  only  two  of  the  Powers  which  participated  in  the 
partitioning  of  Poland.  We  are  better  able  now  to  realize  how 
utterly  impossible  it  was  for  Poland  alone — weak,  for  she  had  no 
standing  army — to  resist  the  onslaught  of  militaristic  Austria 
and  Prussia,  assisted  by  Kussia. 

Between  1864,  the  date  of  the  last  Polish  insurrection,  and 
1914  Europe  as  far  as  possible  avoide<l  allusion  to  the  skeleton 
in  the  closet ;  not  every  state  had  been  guilty  of  the  murder, 
but  all  had  known  of  it  and  none  had  intervened.  When  the 
first  guns  were  fired  in  1914,  the  closet  door  was  shattered  and 
Poland  was  foimd  to  be  alive — g^ged,  fettered,  maimed,  but 
living.  And  even  if  she  still  be  chained  to  the  ground  by  bonds 
so  cunningly  contrived  that  she  can  hardly  lift  her  hands,  even 
if  her  hampered  gestures  be  misconstrued,  the  world,  although 
it  has  not  yet  looked  well  into  the  face  of  its  Andromeda,  has 
at  least  decided  that  her  chains  must  be  struck  off,  if  for  no 
other  reason  than  its  own  safety. 

How  have  the  national  life  and  national  consciousness  been 
preserved  in  Poland  since  it  was  partitioned,  and  especially 
during  the  vjarf 

The  main  factors  which  have  preserved  Polish  national  life 
and  consciousness  were  the  peasants'  attachment  to  the  soil, 
the  people's  stubborn  decision  to  cling  to  their  language,  and 
their  faith  in  God,  their  ultra-religious  spirit. 

Poles  they  were  and  Poles  they  have  remained ;  they  have 
lived  through  years  of  religious  and  national  persecution  on  the 
part  of  Russia  and  Prussia,  and  withstood  victoriously  Austria's 
demoralizing  policy  of  assimilation.  Through  years  of  torture,  of 
exile,  imprisonment,  years  of  expropriation,  years  of  punishment 
for  speaking  their  own  language  and  teaching  it  to  their  own 
children,  they  have  prayed  and  hoped.  They  knew  that  the  hour 
when  justice  would  be  rendered  them  would  strike.  The  very 
persecution  of  their  oppressors  made  them  strong,  and  during 
the  days  of  this  war  these  very  oppressors  had  to  admit  that 
their  policy  of  forcible  assimilation  had  not  only  failed  but  had 
had  the  opposite  result  from  the  one  they  desired. 

Over  seventy  years  ago  the  greatest  poet  of  Poland,  Adam 
Mickiewicz,  toward  the  end  of  his  wonderful  book  of  the  Polish 
Pilgrims,  wrote  in  patriotic  ecstasy  a  fervent,  glowing  prayer 
which  contains  the  following  words  : 

"  God  of  Jagellos,  God  of  Sobieski,  God  of  Koscioszko,  have 

pity  ou  our  country  and  on  us. 

Grant  us  to  pray  again  to  Thee  as  our  fathers  prayed  on  tlie 

battlefields  with  weapons  in  our  hands,  before  the  altar  made  of 

drums  and  cannon,  beneath  the  canopy  of  our  eagles  and  of  our 

fla^;  and 

Grant  unto  our  families  to  pray  in  the  churches  of  our  towns 

and  hamlets,  and  to  our  chilib-en  to  pray  on  our  gnves." 

Then,  in  a  sublime  litany  which  doses  the  inspired  poem, 
Mickiewicz  exclaimed : 

"  For  a  universal  war  for  the  freedom  of  nationi> 
We  beseech  Thee,  O  Lord. 
For  national  arms  and  eagles 
We  beseech  Thee,  O  Lord. 

For  the  independence,  integrity,  and  freedom  of  our  country 
We  beseech  Thee,  O  Lord.^' 

The  poet's  prayer  has  been  answered.  His  prophetic  dreams 
have  been  almost  materialized.  The  great  war  has  come.  It  has 
come  with  all  its  brutality  and  horror,  with  all  the  wanton  and 


sav^e  cruelty  of  the  past  barbaroos  times,  only  multiplied, 
magnified,  and  intensified  by  modem  science. 

Taking  advantage  of  Europe's  apathy,  Germany,  forestalling 
any  declaration  of  the  Allies  in  reference  to  the  independence 
of  that  unhappy  country,  on  November  6, 1916,  declared  autono- 
mous that  part  of  Russian  Poland  which  had  been  conquered  by 
Teutonic  armies.  In  exchange  that  mock ''  Kingdom  of  Poland  " 
was  to  give  volunteers,  soldiers  to  fight  for  the  Central  Powers. 

This  magnanimous  as  well  as  strategic  rose  resulted  in  fail- 
ure. By  releasing  convicts  from  jail  Germany  secured  the  fight- 
ing services  of  exactly  680  Polish  volunteers,  while  30,000 
young  men  were  hanged  for  refusing  to  enlist. 

Breathlessly  Poland  was  waiting  for  a  ray  of  hope,  a  word  of 
encouragement,  in  her  passive  resistance,  a  word  which  woold 
come  from  the  Allies  ;  and  suddenly  the  black  clouds  of  Prus- 
sian oppression  were  rent  asunder,  and,  rolling  through  the 
world  like  a  clap  of  thunder  which  follows  the  lightning,  the 
mighty  voice  of  the  President  of  the  iTnited  States  rose  above 
the  din  of  war  and  before  Congress,  on  January  8,  1918,  de- 
clared that — 

An  independent  Polish  State  should  be  erected  which  should 
include  the  territories  inliabited  by  indisputably  Polish  popula- 
tions, which  should  be  assured  a  free  and  secure  access  to  the 
sea,  and  whose  political  and  economic  independence  and  territo- 
rial integrity  should  be  guaranteed  by  international  covenant 

It  was  the  first  time  since  the  enslavement  of  Poland  that 
the  wishes  and  desires  of  its  people  have  been  formally  pledged 
by  the  leader  of  another  great  people.  Poland  will  be  free 
because  President  Wilson  gave  his  word  that  she  would,  and 
never  has  a  President  of  the  United  States  been  known  to 
break  his  word.  Noblesse  oblige. 

Polish  claims  at  the  Congress  of  Peace. 
Ever  suice  November  5,  1916,  a  Council  of  Regency  has 
existed  in  Poland,  composed  of  most  worthy  Polish  patriots,  but 
unable  to  express  itself  from  under  the  German  guns.  Being  a 
German  creation,  it  could  not  possibly  be  recognized  by  the 
Entente  Powers  or  the  United  States. 

To  obviate  this  difficulty,  this  lack  of  representation,  in  the 
summer  of  1917  the  Polish  National  Committee  of  Paris  was 
created,  which  is  not  a  governing  body  in  itself  but  merely  a 
diplomatic  one.  The  Paris  Committee  represents  every  part  of 
Poland.  Its  composition  is  democratic,  since  its  President, 
Roman  Dmowski,  is  a  self-made  man,  the  son  of  a  Warsaw  eon- 
tractor;  and  its  membership  includes  two  college  profeson, 
one  newspaper  man,  the  son  of  a  peasant,  the  son  of  a  laborer, 
a  general,  an  artist,  and  two  landowners.  Thus  all  parties  are 
represented  with  the  exception  of  tlie  extreme  left,  wnich  situa- 
tion, however,  will  shortly  be  remedied  by  the  election  of  a 
Socialist.  Each  member  owes  his  nomination  to  the  secretly  or 
openly  expressed  wish  of  the  people  he  represents,  each  one  pos- 
sessing a  written  mandate. 

Well  acquainted  with  the  present  situation,  one  or  two  of 
these  men  probably  will  be  caJled  upon  to  represent  Pcdwid  at 
the  peace  table,  and  added  to  them  will  be  representatiyes  from 
the  Council  of  Regency. 

Their  claims,  the  daims  of  Poland,  are  easy  to  describe : 
The  Poles  want  all  territories  which  formed  part  of  tbe  PoUsh 
State  in  1772  to  be  reunited  and  given  independence,  with  the 
exception  of  Lithuania,  which  aspires  to  an  independence  of  its 
own. 

On  August  12  last  the  Polish  National  Committee  issned 
the  following  proclamation : 

Our  aim  is  to  create  an  independent  Polish  State,  compoted 
of  all  Polish  territories  inclusive  of  those  which  give  Poland 
access  to  the  sea ;  a  strong  state  which  would  be  able  to  keep  in 
check  its  western  neighbors,  the  Teutonic  empires,  and  would 
constitute  a  bidwark  against  their  expansion  in  Central  Europe 
and  the  Orient. 

We  fully  realize,  however,  that  it  is  only  with  the  co-operation 
of  the  Entente  Powers  and  the  United  States,  and  through  tiion, 
that  we  shall  be  in  a  position  to  achieve  unification  as  well  as  to 
obtain  the  independence  of  Poland,  and,  firmly  trusting  in  their 
ultimate  Tictory,  which  will  be  at  the  same  time  the  triumph  of 
justice  and  liberty,  we  consider  ourselves  as  their  ally,  not  only 
for  the  duration  of  this  war,  but  also  after  the  conclusion  of  peace. 
We   feel   ourselves   bound  to   the  Entente  Powers  and  the 

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1918 


THE  OUTLOOK 


631 


United  States  by  unity  of  thought  and  the  struggle  against  a 
common  enemy,  for  the  purpose  of  saf^^arding  the  solemn 
rights  of  nations,  which  are  the  basis  of  humanity's  peaceful 
development 

The  Polish  State  must  have  a  democratic  constitution.  It 
must  govern  along  principles  of  jnstice  and  liberty  co-ordinated 
with  principles  of  order.  Without  such  principles  no  effort 
towara  civihzation,  no  progress,  are  realizable. 

No  privileged  classes  siiould  exist  in  new  Poland,  and  the 
struggle  between  classes  must  also  be  eradicated.  Polish  citizens, 
without  distinction  as  to  origin,  race,  or  creed,  must  all  stand 
equal  before  the  law. 

In  resume  the  Poles  lay  claims  to  (1)  what  has  been  known 
as  Russian  Poland,  including  the  province  of  Cbelm,  but  exclud- 
ing the  govemmtOTts  of  Kiev  and  perhaps  Vilna,  and  eastern 
parts  of  Volhynia  and  Minsk.  (2)  To  the  whole  of  Galicia, 
including  Lemberg  and  Przemysl.  (3)  To  Posen,  Silesia  (not 
in  its  entirety),  and  West  Prussia,  including  Dantzig. 

In  other  words,  they  will  ask  for  the  restitution  of  historically 
Polish  territory,  with  the  above-mentioned  exceptions,  to  which 
must  be  added  East  Prussia,  which  for  sentimental  reasons  will 
be  left  to  Germany,  it  being  the  birthplace  of  Kant  and  the 
cradle  of  Junkerism. 

Poland's  Future. 

There  is  no  reason  why  such  a  Poland  should  not  resume  her 
previous  position  among  nations  and  become  again  a  bulwark 
^fainst  invasions  from  the  east  and  a  powerful  ramptart  against 
Germany's  expansion  toward  that  same  east.  She  will  need  the 
financial  support  at  first  of  other  nations  to  repair  the  damage 
done  by  the  war :  2,500  villages  razed  to  the  ground ;  more 
than  300  towns  reduced  to  ashes;  1,600  churches  in  ruins; 
§9,000,000,000  worth  of  industrial  and  agricultural  property 
destroyed,,  which  sum,  be  it  said  parenthetically,  is  equal  to  the 
total  wealth  of  Belgium  before  the  war. 

The  period  of  recuperation  may  be  long,  but  let  us  remem- 
ber that  Poland  is  above  all  an  agricultural  country,  that  once 
upoQ  a  time  not  so  long  i^o  she  was  called  the  granary  of 
Europe,  and  that  damages  done  to  the  soil  can  be  more  rapidly 
remedied  than  those  done  to  other  industries  requiring  build- 
ings and  machinery.  The  chances  are  that  Poland  will  resume 
normal  life  -  even  sooner  than  other  countries  affected  by  the 
war. 

The  textile  products  of  Poland  were  fiuuous  throughout  the 
world  until  this  war  practically  paralyzed  this  industry.  The 
Polish  soil  contains  rich  layers  of  iron,  coal,  salt,  zinc,  lead, 
Sbpper,  sulphur,  asphalt,  and  oil.  It  also  produces  clay,  marble, 
and  kaolin.  In  Galicia  alone  the  hydraulic  force  which  can  be 
obtained  from  the  Vistula  and  its  tributary  rivers  has  been 
estimated  at  894,000  horse-power,  of  which  only  36,000  horse- 
power were  being  made  use  of  before  the  war.  The  famous 
forests  of  Poland  could  easily  supply  the  whole  of  Europe  with 
pafier,  acetates,  and  similar  products  made  from  wood. 

Is  the  e-(hicational  and  university  system,  of  Poland  one 
that  may  lead  us  to  expect  a  high  degree  of  intelligence 
fi'om  the  Polish  lyeople  ? 

Again  Poland's  past  speaks  for  itself  and  answers  this  ques- 
tion. 

^Vhile  the  University  of  Vienna  was  founded  in  1365,  that 
of  Berlin  in  1809,  that  of  Petrogratl  in  1810,  the  four  most  im- 
portant universities  of  Poland  came  into  existence : 

Cracow  in  1364  Zaniosc  in  1.595 

Vilna  in  1578  Lemberg  in  1661 

No  wonder  that  with  such  centers  of  culture,  with  a  Ministry 
for  Public  Education,  the  first,  chronologically  speaking,  of  the 
entire  world,  Poland  was  able  to  make  large  contributions  to 
the  world  of  science,  literature,  and  art. 
As  Mr.  Paderewski  has  said : 

Outside  of  Nicholas  Copernicus,  whose  solar  system  the 
Prussians  tried  to  annex — the^  are  now  trying  to  annex  the 
whole  of  the  sun — outside  of  Nicholas  Copernicus,  Poland  has 
produced  quite  a  considerable  number  of  scientists  who  in  their 
day  have  enjoyed  world-wide  fame. 

In  the  thirteenth  century  a  Pole,  Ciolek  (Vitelius  in  Latin, 
the  language  he  used  at  that  time),  acquired  great  celebrity  by 


his  philosophical  works,  and  especially  by  his  "Treatise  on 
Optics,"  which  has  been  considered  by  the  best  authorities  the  most 
autlioritative  book  on  the  subject  for  over  four  hundred  years. 

In  the  fourteenth  century  another  Pole,  Thaddeus  of  Cracow, 
Professor  of  the  University  of  Paris,  wrote  his  famous  "  Code  of 
Theology."  One  of  the  first  translations  of  tlie  Bible  in  Polish 
took  place  attlie  beg^nin?  of  the  fifteenth  century,  and  is  known 
as  the  Bible  of  Saraspatak,  a  small  town  of  Hungary,  where  the 
original  was  to  be  found  until  the  war,  when  it  was  talcen  from  the 
Polish  people,  and  it  is  to  be  found  among  the  Hungarians.  The 
author  of  tliat  translation  is  not  known. 

John  of  Stobnica  published  in  the  year  1512  one  of  the  first 
and  most  perfect  geographical  maps  of  America.  The  writings 
of  great  Polish  philosophers,  political  and  social  reformers — John 
Ostrorog  in  the  fifteenth  centui-y  and  Frycz  ftlodrzewski  in 
the  sixteenth  century — have  been  translatetl  into  French,  Dutch, 
German,  Italian,  and  Spanish. 

Another  Pole,  Strus,  professor  at  the  University  of  Padua,  in 
the  sixteenth  century  was  the  first,  at  least  one  of  the  first, 
to  study  the  pulse  of  patients,  and  wrote  on  that  subject  a  book 
which  for  two  hundred  years  enjoyed  an  immense  popularity. 

Still  another  Pole,  Jablonski,  published  in  1750  his  famous 
work  "  Pantheon  Egyptiorum  " — and  tliis  was  fourteen  years 
before  the  birth  of  Chainpollion,  tlie  French  arc!i»ologi8t  to 
wliom  the  credit  is  given  for  being  the  founder  of  the  science  of 
Egyptology. 

To  the  world  of  music  Poland  has  contributed  such  geniuses 
as  Gorczycki,  Szamotulski,  Gomolka,  Zielinski,  Chopin,  Moni- 
uszko,  Wieniawski,  Sembrich,  the  de  Reszkes,  Hof mann,  Pade- 
rewski, and  many  others. 

Polish  culture,  in  spite  of  oppression,  has  continued  to  add 
its  quota  to  the  sum  of  hmnan  achievement.  When  the  works 
of  the  great  Polish  poets  of  the  nineteenth  century  (Mickiewicz, 
Krasinski,  Slowacki)  have  at  last,  like  the  works  of  that  other 
Polish  writer  Sienkiewicz,  been  made  international  property  by 
adequate  translation,  when  the  depth  and  vivacity  of  a  rich 
modem  literature  are  recognized,  it  wiU  seem  as  if  destiny  had 
helped  to  bring  about  the  attempted  extinction  of  the  Polish 
name  by  adding  to  the  efforts  of  Poland's  traducers  the  inacces- 
sibility of  her  language,  powerful,  terse,  and  subtle,  which  re- 
mains unknown  outside  of  narrow'cil^es  in  England  and  France. 

To^iay  the  Poles  are  justly  considered  the  beet  linguists  in 
the  world.   No  sooner  was  Poland  given  a  semblance  of  inde- 

g^ndence  by  the  Germans  in  1916  than  the  first  act  of  the 
olish  R^ency  was  to  open  eleven  hundred  schools  where 
those  children  who  had  survived  the  horrors  of  war  could  be 
taught  how  to  read  and  write.  Starving  themselves,  the  Polish 
people  supported  these  schools.  Too  long  have  the  Russian 
oppressors  kept  their  subject  Poles  in  the  dark  for  them  not  to 
crave  for  enlightenment.  Universities,  high  schools,  technical 
schools,  are  being  opened  everywhere,  following  the  retirement 
of  the  German  armed  forces,  and,  among  others,  a  Jewish 
university  has  quite  lately  been  opened  in  Warsaw  by  the 
Poles.  Incidentally,  I  may  mention  that  for  many  years  Ruthe- 
nian  chairs  have  existed  at  the  University  of  Lemberg.  Thus 
the  Poles  are  trying  to  show  their  respect  for  the  creed  and 
language  of  others. 

Conclusion. 

America  is  to-day  the  leader  of  public  opinion.  President 
Wilson's  doctrine  is  the  Magna  Charta  of  mankind.  Your 
word  will  be  law.  For  anybody  who  has  but  a  rudimentary 
knowleilge  of  American  history  it  is  obvious  that  chivalry, 
charity,  disinterested,  unselfish  purpose  in  collective  actions,  are 
just  as  inborn  with  the  American  people  as  ruthlessness,  cru- 
elty, and  greed  are  inherent  to  the  German.  "  Liberty,  equality, 
and  fraternity  "  have  not  been  made  in  Germany.  They  were 
bom  here  in  America,  in  Philadelphia,  on  the  4th  of  July, 
1776,  thirteen  years  before  receiving  their  magic  names  at  the 
hands  of  the  great  French  Revolution.  Help^  spread  them 
through  the  world.  Voice  your  opinion  that  the  Poles  should  be 
free — all  of  them — because  you  want  it,  and  not  only  part  of 
them,  as  Germany  wishes.  Thus  you  will  earn  for  yourselves 
and  will  transmit  as  a  precious  and  most  enviable  heritage  to 
future  generations  the  radiant  glory  of  benefactors  of  humanity. 

As  Shakespeare  says : 

Strong  reasons  call  for  strong  actions,  so  let  us  ko. 
When  you  say  "  Aye  "  Uie  kings  will  not  say  "  Na" 


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ONE  WAY  TO   CURE  HYPHENISM 


BY   WILLIAM   E.   BROOKS 


PEEHAPS  you  Have  stood  in  the  Tiaitors'  gallery  at  Ellis 
Island  and  watched  the  long  lines  of  immigrants  file  up 
the  stairs,  pa«t  the  examining  physicians,  past  the  check- 
ing clerks,  and  on  out,  to  enter  rudely  into  those  privileges  for 
which  your  fathers  fought  and  died.  How  far  away  they  seemed 
from  what  you  and  your  kind  are  I  That  Montenegrin  moun- 
taineer fumbling  with  his  purse  to  show  the  clerk  his  scanty 
store  of  wealth,  would  not  his  sheepskin  coat  be  strangely  out 
of  place  on  Broadway  ?  Yonder  little  group  of  Ttalinun)  nwart 
an^stunted, have  suggestions  of  possible Camorras  about  them, 
whi3rare-not  desired  among  us.  And  that  company  of,furtiTe- 
eyed  Russian  jT*""",  ^^^  l^Ghetto  odors  and  the  Ghetto  air 
still  dingmg  to  them,  whatwiU  they  do  to  preserve  the  memory 
of  Bunker  Hill  and  to  keep  alive  its  ideals  ?  It  is  fine  to  think 
that  all  of  that  long  and  seemingly  endless  line  winding  up  the 
stairs  are  here  in  our  land  to  find  liberty  and  freedom ;  but  what 
are  they  going  to  do  to  preserve  that  freedom — to  see  "  that 
government  of  the  people,  by  the  people,  and  for  the  people 
shall  not  perish  from  the  earth  "  ? 

While  we  have  been  thinking  and  worrying  about  the  for- 
eigner, a  brave  experiment  has  been  conducted  out  in  the 
Middle  West  having  for  its  object,  not  the  closing  of  the  gates, 
but  the  making  of  good  Americans  out  of  the  throng  we  had 
begun  to  fear.  The  definite  purpose  of  the  experiment  is  the 
elimination  of  the  hyphen,  audit  is  being  definitely  and  success- 
fully accomplished  to-day  for  men  and  women  of  thirty-six 
different  nationalities.  And  the  way  they  are  doing  it  is  after 
the  good  old  plan  of  the  fathers,  the  well-tried  American  plan — 
through  the  joint  instrumentalities  of  religion  and  education. 

Back  of  every  great  deed  accomplished  for  men  stands  some 
dreamer.  The  dreamer  back  of  Dubuque  College  was  a  cobbler, 
Adrian  van  Yliet,  a  Hollander  who  had  joined  tiae  great  German 
immigration  that  followed  the  collapse  of  that  revolution  of  '48 
that  shook  thrones  but  ooi^ld  not  tumble  them.  He  followed 
these  Germans  into  their  settlement  in  Iowa,  and  as  he  toiled 
at  his  bench  he  pondered  the  problems  he  saw  growing  around 
him — how  for  these  men  and  women  in  this  strange  new  land 
might  be  preserved  their  highest  ideals,  and  on  them  be  grafted 
the  best  in  America.  It  is  not  likely  that  any  one  of  us  would 
have  picked  this  Dutch  cobbler,  dreaming  over  his  bench,  as 
the  one  to  point  the  way  to  the  solution  of  the  problem  of  the 
.hyphenate.  But  the  cobbler  saw  clearly  that  these  Germans  and 
/Buiemians  of  the  Middle  West  could  not  be  transformed  into 
(  vital  Americans  without  culture  and  religion,  and  that  these 
could  not  be  given  to  them  by  men  who  came  from  overseas, 
trained  only  in  the  old  ideals,  nor  by  Americans  out  of  sympa- 
thy with  their  traditions  and  view-points,  but  that  it  must  be 
given  by  their  own  ^outh  trained  in  a  school  in  which  the  old 
and  the  new  were  mmgled  as  their  needs  required.  He  began  to 
study  to  fit  himself  to  train  them.  A  vacancy  occurred  in  1852 
in  the  First  Presbyterian  Church  of  Dubuque.  The  cobbler- 
scholar  was  called  to  its  ministry.  He  had  barely  b^fun  his 
work  before  he  brought  to  his  own  home  two  young  Germans 
and  taught  them  theology.  The  number  increased  as  the  years 
passed,  until  the  home  became  too  small  and  a  building  was 
purchased  as  a  dormitory.  Van  Vliet  kept  toiling  on  without 
compensation,  finding  treasure  enough  in  the  shaping  of  the 
life  about  him  for  the  better.  The  development  was  slow.  The 
country  was  poor,  and  the  vision  was  not  so  clear  in  the  eyes  of 
those  who  followed  van  Yliet.  And  "  where  there  is  no  vision 
the  people  perish."  And  projects  like  this  perish  likewise. 

Then,  a  half-century  later,  came  another  dreamer  to  fill 
van  Vliet's  place  and  to  realize  his  dream  in  larger  portion. 
The  circumstances  were  ready  for  the  man.  The  German  farm- 
ers in  the  States  around  were  making  money  as  they  never  had 
before,  and  they  were  able  at  last  to  give  to  their  ooUege.  Other 
peoples  speaking  other  tongues  were  coming  into  the  country 
and  needmg  a  trained  Christian  leadership  from  among  their 
own  numbers,  as  the  Germans  had  needed  it  in  van  Vliet's 
time.  And  men  and  women  everywhere  were  pondering  the 
problem  of  the  immigrant,  and  some  of  them  were  willing  to 
give  of  their  means  to  help  any  one  who  was  willing  to  work 


632 


towards  the  solution  of  the  problem.   Then  Cornelius  Steffent 
came  to  Dubuque. 

He  is  the  sort  of  a  man  who  shapes  an  age.  Like  St.  PaoL 
he  prays  and  toils.  Hb  wanderings  are  also  into  many  citiek 
after  millionaires  who  are  willing  to  help  his  college,  and 
after  immigrant  boys  which  his  college  can  dehyphenate.  He 
believes  immensely  in  a  tremendously  practical  God  who  shapes 
with  his  hand  even  so  small  a  thing  as  the  budget  of  a  littfe 
school  beyond  the  Mississippi.  He  prays  over  his  bodeet,  and 
pounds  it  with  his  blue  pencil,  and  th^i  prays  again,  and  boards 
the  train  for  the  East,  and  tells  his  nch  friends  aboat  it,  or 
goes  out  among  his  farmers  in  Iowa  or  thereabouts  and  over  the 
coffee  describes  his  needs.  There  is  in  an  ancnent  chronicle  of 
long-dead  kings  an  old  tale  over  which  modern  ^irise  mcs 
secretly  smile.  It  tells  of  a  meal  barrel  and  an  oil  erase  whick 
never  grew  empty  for  a  widow  after  a  prophet  prayed.  That  is 
what  has  happened  at  Dubuque.  When  Steffens  went  to  I>Qbiiqi)e 
in  1903,  it  cost  $5,000  a  year  to  run  the  institution,  and  its  tot^ 
assets  were  $19,000.  Now  it  needs  $93,000  a  year,  and  its  awe^ 
approximate  $800,000.  But  Steffens  gets  it.  They  sometimeo 
see  the  bottom  of  the  meal  barrel,  but  it  is  never  entirely  empty. 

Like  St.  Peter,  he  also  conceived  the  notion  that  when  nm 
of  many  tongues  gather  they  present,  not  a  peril,  bnt  a  poanUp 
Pentecost ;  so  he  gathered  Hungarians,  Slavonians,  Ratheniass. 
Italians,  Mexicans,  and  many  others  of  the  polyglot  fellowsfaip 
into  his  school.  The  academy  was  enlarged,  and  provision  «w 
made  to  take  any  worthy  student  who  presented  himself,  no 
matter  what  his  mother  tongae,  and  to  teach  him  all  he  needai 

No  short  outs  are  allowed.  The  standards  maintained  m  As 
school  are  as  high  as  those  in  any  o(dlege  in  Iowa,  and  ttam 
recognized  by  the  University  of  Iowa.  The  immigrant  wants  no 
shoddy  leaders  in  law,  in  medicine,  or  in  theology,  and  the  pass- 
word at  Dubuque  is  "  thorough." 

But  more  than  mere  schcuarship  is  desired  and  incnlcated. 
The  school  constantly  fires  its  boys  with  precepts  of  patriotitiit 
and  leavens  them  with  the  goodly  leaven  of  that  Gospd  -wboet 
end  b  love  and  service. 

One  or  two  incidents  point  the  general  result.  A  yonn|^  Mexi- 
can student  went  to  a  physician  of  the  city  for  professicnoafadviM 
recently.  "  You  are  a  Mexican,  are  you  not?"  was  the  inquiry. 
''  I  am  an  American,  sir,"  was  the  answer.  "  But  you  wen- 
bom  a  Mexican  ?"  "  I  am  an  American,  sir,"  was  the  steadfast 
reply.  At  the  time  when  Kaiser-bred  organizations  eveiywhen 
were  seeking  to  embarrass  the  President  of  the  United  StatM 
with  demands  that  the  export  of  munitions  to  the  Allies  ahoaU 
be  stopped,  an  individual  who  sought  their  feivor  came  to  the 
college  chapel  and  at  the  dose  of  the  service  addressed  the 
students,  asking  them  to  adopt  a  resolution  of  such  proteBt, 
which  he  proposed  to  forward  by  telegraph  to  Waahn^^tOL 
They  met  his  demand  with  an  indignant  refusal,  and,  trooping 
ou{  of  the  chapel,  gathered  in  a  great  group  to  give  three  dwen 
for  "  Old  Glory."  The  fathers  of  most  in  the  company  bad  been 
bom  in  the  Ceaitral  Empires,  but  they  knew  only  one  aUeigiaQt«, 
and  that  to  the  Stars  and  Stripes. 

One  of  the  younger  alumni,  bom  in  a  German  Ihriw  in 
Nebraska,  has  heen  at  work  among  the  hogans  of  a  Nav^afaibe. 
seeking  to  dehyphenize  these  oldest  of  our  aliens.  OtlHW  «iD 
be  found  at  the  same  task  in  mining  camps  or  crowded  tedn 
quarters  of  many  cities.  That  the  men  of  Dubuque  havd  fii^r 
tne  vision  of  the  founder  and  are  realizing  the  ideal  is  sen  in 
this  bit  of  a  letter  written  to  President  Steffens  from  one  of  two 
who  went  into  the  Dakota  Bad  Lands  to  spend  the  snuuBtr 
vacation  in  missionary  endeavor :  "  Six  weeks  have  torn  a  great 
hole  in  our  treasury,  and  since  it  is  hard  for  an  empty  at/k  b> 
stand  up  straight  in  this  high  altitude,  which  is  conducive  to  a 
hearty  appetite,  we  wish  to  ask  you  if  you  could  send  esd>  <if 
us  about  $35  to  $40.  Expenses  are  very  high  here.  A  meal  oost« 
thirty-five  cents  anywhere,  consequently  Andrew  and  I  oftm 
buy  a  tin  cow  [condensed  milk]  and  breakfast  food.  On  that 
we  live  like  kings."  Of  such  stuff  were  the  pioneers. 

Only  about  one-quarter  of  the  students  are  able  to  pay  tfe 
$150  per  year  which  the  college  asks  for  everything — toitioe 


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CURRENT    EVENTS    ILLUSTRATED 


-)  Pa4il  Thompson 

PRESIDENT  WILSON  BIDDING  GOOD-Br  TO  AMERICA 
The  Preoident  niled  December  4  on  the  Qeorge  Washington  to  attend  the  Peace 
Confeienee  at  Veraaillea.  At  his  side  is  Mn.  Wilson ;  next  her,  Mrs.  Robert  Lansing 


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1; 

Central  News  Service 

THE  HOMECOMING  TROOPS  GREETING  AMERICA 
Hie  picture  shows  a  few  of  the  4,000  men  who  came  back  on  the  Manietaiua 
as  she  sailed  into  New  York  Harbor,  where  she  received  an  enthnaastio  welcome 


TUK  SUKRBNOEB  OF  THE  GERMAN  U-BOA'i'£>  AT  HARWICH,  ENGLAND 

at  boats  that  aBrreadered,  with  their  German  crews  on  board,  are  shown  in  the  pictnre.    Their  crews  appealed  indiiFerent  and  arestfalleD, 
bnt  their  feelings  were  spared  aa  far  as  possible  by  their  oapton 


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Onlral  Isev^s  Sci 


THE  PEACK  CELEBRATION  IN   LONDON 

The  news  of  the  aisTiing  of  the  aniiistice  was  received  with  every  demonstration 

of  joy  by  the   British    people.     A  typical  g^up  of   these   rejoicing  celebrants 

are  seen  in  the  phototjmpli 


Bain  News  So 


BOY  Seoul's  IN  FRANCE 


These  boys  are  seen  at  work  in  their  training'  school  in  tlie  Rue  Canibon  in 

Paris.    They  look  as  if  they  would  ""  make  gx>od  "  nuder  the  g-uidance  of  their 

earnest  teacher 


Uritish  Official,  from  Intcrnationnl  Film  Service 


^\'ELC().^^NG  BUITISH  liberators  of  a  FRENCH  TOWS 
The  aged  inhabitants  of  this  waH>attered  town  are  giving  a  heartj  gn^ 
the  British  sohliers  who  have  dispossessed  their  German  persecutors  ami  W* 
the  town  to  its  ownera 


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om  a  hitherto  unptiolUhed  photograph  by  Couot  Jean  de  Strzcleckl 

IGNACY  JAN  PAUEKEW8KI,  POLISH  PATRIOT 

Dm  foremost  of  piaiiists  has  won  new  fame  dnring  the  post  fonr  years  as  the 

Iiampion  of  Polish  nationality.    See  the  article  by  his  stepson,  Waclaw  0. 

Gorski,  in  this  issne 


(C)  Weacern  Newipaper  Union 

CARTER  GLASS,  THE  NEW  SECRETARY  OP  THE  TREASURY 

Mr.  Glass  has  been  Chairman  of  the  House  Committee  on  Banking  and  Cnr- 

rency,  and  therefore  has  been  in  the  line  of  promotion  to  his  present  important 

position.   See  editorial  comment 


bNmSoYlce 

HENRI  RABAUD,  COMPOSER  AND  ORCHESTRA  LEADER 

'  The  French  invasion  of  America  "  has  been  signalized,  among  other  erents, 

J  the  coming  to  this  country  of  M.  Henri  Rabaud  to  oondnct  the  Boston 

lymphony  Orohestni.    One  of  M.   Raband's  operas  ("  Marouf ")  has   been 

received  with  distinct  favor  in  this  country 


THE  LATE  EDMOND  ROSTAND,  POET  AND  PLAYWRIGHT 

M.  Rostand,  who  died  December  2,  is  shown  here  in  the  costnme  of  a  member 
of  the  French  Academy,    He  was  the  yonngest  man  ever  elected  to  the  Acad- 
emy.   See  The  Outlook  for  December  11  for  an  appreciiktion  of  his  plays  and 
other  literary  work 


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636 


THE   OUTLOOK 


18  Deceit 


board,  roorf,  Hgbt,  heat,  Gte.— so  they  work  betweenwhiles  to 
gather  ia^he  balance  needed.  An  Armenian  cobbles  shoes,  as 
on(!e  did  van  Vliet.  Another  repairs  clothing  for  his  fellows. 
Odiers  pare  potatoes,  clean  rooms,  tei^d  fires  for  the  townsfolk, 
-work  in  stores  on  Saturdays  and  evenings  ;  and  vacation  time 
finds  them  with  harvesting  crews  or  any  other  company  with 
-which  an  honest  dollar  may  be  made. 

Wise  men- found  out  some  years  ago  that  the  problem  of  the 
Negro  could  best  be  settled  by  the  Negro — educated  and  with 
the  fear  of  God  in  his  heart.   Hence  K>oker  Washing^n  and 


Major  Moton,  and  the  growth  of  many  schools  like  Tuskeg^ 
throughout  the  South,  manned  by  Tusk^ee  men.  Tlie  saa 
principle  applied  to  Dubuque  would  aigue  that  it  ought  I 
grow  and  be  copied,  that  it  ought  to  have  the  interest  of  siu 
Americans  as  fear  God  and  wUl  have  no  hyphenism.  Only  d 
immigrant  trained  can  best  shape  the  immigrant  nntraine 
There  are  habits  of  thought  among  these  people,  ancient  tiaij 
tions,  details  of  prayer  and  worship,  which  cannot  be  ligfad 
cast  aside  as  can  allegiance  to  native  land  and  a  prince  ^ 
never  saw. 


THE  ADVENTURES  OF  THEOPHILE^ 

II— "THE    SUPER-COOK" 
BY  DONAL   HAMILTON   HAINES 


"M^ 


"ATCHES  wet?"  asked  Barton. 

The  little  soldier  striding  through  the  mud  at  his 
side*an8wered  with  feeling. 
'  Name  of  a  dog,  yes !"  he  spluttered. 

Barton  supplied  a  dry  match,  which  was  received  with  thanks. 
In  its  flare  he  caught  a  few  details  of  the  other's  appearance — 
a  brown  face  half  hidden  by  a  short  beard  and  a  huge  mus- 
tache, e,  well-darned  pair  of  scarlet  trousers,  a  pair  of  gaiters 
which  had  once  been  white  but  were  now  the  color  of  many 
roads.  He  carried  no  rifle. 

"Rain  like  this  will  soak  through  anything,"  Barton  re- 
marked. 

"  It  is  not  raiu  which  has  wet  my  matches,  monsieur,"  an- 
swered the  soldier. 

"No?  What  then?" 

"Vanilla." 

Barton  was  pretty  well  calloused  against  surprise,  but  this 
was  a  bit  too  much. 

"  What  in  the  world  are  you  doing  with  vanilla  ?"  he  asked. 

"  I  am  cook  of  the  Tenth  Company,"  explained  the  soldier, 
**  and  I  slipped  on  a  thrice-aocursed  stone  and  fell.  I  thought 
iUa  thing  had  happened,  but  there  was  no  time  to  see." 

"No  great  loss  at  the  moment,  I  should  say,"  the  corre- 
spondent said,  comfortingly.  "  There'll  be  precious  little  chance 
to  use  vanilla  to-night." 

"  Who  knows,  monsieur?"  retorted  the  cook. 

Barton  made  no  immediate  response,  having  upon  his  mind 
many  things  which  for  the  moment  crowded  out  of  it  the  mis- 
fortunes of  the  Tenth  Company's  diminutive  cook. 

In  the  first  place,  he  was  in  a  position  where  a  correspondent 
had  no  business,  striding  along  through  the  mud  and  rain  of  a 
March  night  with  a  column  made  up  of  broken  remnants  of  the 
day's  fighting.  He  had  to  thank  his  own  experienced  intelligence 
and  the  oon^sion  resulting  from  defeat  for  his  presence  ;  he 
vrould  have  to  count  upon  his  own  resourcefulness  to  get  clear. 

Moreover,  he  wanted  to  get  to  some  place  where  he  could 
write  of  the  things  which  he  alone  of  aU  the  correspondents 
had  seen,  and  he  was  very  hungry.  For  all  his  straight  back 
and  springy  stride.  Barton  hid  silver  hair  under  his  nondescript 
cap,  and,  like  all  veteran  campaigners,  he  realized  that  the  fill- 
ing of  his  stomach  was  the  most  important  consideration. 
Other  seemingly  pressing  matters  could  wait.  All  this  put  the 
red-legged  cook  into  a  new  light. 

Barton  was  no  fledgling  to  be  frightened  by  the  thought  of 
defeat.  He  had  seen  too  many  beaten  armies  to  be  anything 
but  a  skilled  reader  of  small  signs.  These  Frenchmen  (whom  in 
the  columns  of  his  many  papers  he  had  called  the  world's  stur- 
diest fighting  men)  were  m  full  retreat,  and  he  had  seen  them 
that  day  beaten  down  by  blows  too  heavy  to  be  parried.  Yet 
their  flight  had  in  it  nothing  of  demoralization,  no  trace  of 
panic.  It  was  flight  from  someming  which  for  the  moment  could 
not  be  faced,  yet  controlled  flight  toward  a  definite  point  and 
looking  to  something  different. 

"  My  legs  are  beginning  to  complain,  and  they're  good  legs, 
too,"  he  said  to  the  cook.  "How  about  yours ?" 

1  Eaoh  of  the  stories  in  this  series  is  complete  in  itself  and  entirely  independent 
■of  the  others. — Thb  Editors. 


"  Mine,  as  monsieur  has  doubtless  seen,  mi|;ht  be  longo^ 
answered  the  other.  "  They  have  been  complaining  for  the  jat 
two  kilometers." 

"  You  don't  act  it,"  said  Barton,  who  knew  the  signs  ( 
fatigue. 

"It  is  one  of  the  traits  of  my  house  not  to  show  fa^ue,"  d 
other  answered  with  evident  pride.  "  My  nunc  is  "nieopldi 
Gelas."  ] 

"  Ah  I"  replied  Barton,  as  though  this  explained  everything 
"  At  least  your  duties  will  be  light  this  night."  | 

"  Au  contraire,"  replied  Th^ophile.  "  I  shall  have  nrad 
labor  and  many  difficulties." 

"  You  mean  you'll  manage  a  meal — out  here  in  the  midst  < 
this  March  desolation  ?" 

"Of  course." 

"  You  know  the  district  ?" 

"  Not  at  all,  monsieur." 

"  There  is  a  supply  tnun  waiting  at  the  end  of  the  mare| 
perhaps?" 

Thiophile  Gelas's  shrug  was  hidden  by  the  darkness,  yt 
revealed  by  the  tone  of  his  answer. 

"  All  things  are  possible ;  yet  if  there  is  I  do  not  know  it" 

"  H'm  I"  said  Barton  to  himself ;  "  this  is  not  a  company  coo) 
it  is  a  genius.  I  shall  be  fed  yet." 

So  Barton  talked  as  they  trudg^  steadily  into  the  night  Hi 
speech  was  that  of  one  spurred  by  a  consuming  curiosity.  E| 
had  been  with  a  column  of  chattering  Russians  fleeing  from  d 
stricken  field  of  Mukden,  with  the  fueritive  Turks  i^ter  Lolf 
Burgas,  with  many  another  stricken  column,  yet  never  had  li 
seen  beaten  men  who  acted  like  these,  and  he  probed  for  4 
secret  with  speech  which  seemed  casuaL  i 

To  him  Thiophile  Gelas  bared  his  soul.  He  told  of  his  amU 
tions,  his  hard  lot,  his  sense  of  shame.  He  told  of  that  gnnd 
father  who  had  wrought  prodigies  under  the  very  eye  of  tfa 
Little  Corporal  at  Auerstadt,  of  his  father  who  had  wtm  deali| 
and  glory  at  Gravelotte. 

"And  I,"  he  finished,  "last  of  the  house  of  Gelas,  am  n^ 
more  than  a  cook !"  I 

Then,  turning  a  bit  more  cheerful,  he  told  of  that  noetuna 
exploit  which  had  won  him  the  right  to  wear  his  scarlet  troowo^ 
and  done  something  toward  the  lightening  of  his  lot 

"  But  monsieur  will  understand,'  he  lamented,  "  that  after  tioll 
one  night  the  making  of  soup  was  more  detestable  than  ever." 

"Yes,"  Barton  sympathized,  "yes,  I  can  see  that  quite 
clearly." 

For  several  hours  the  little  column  had  been  plugging  steadilT 
through  the  darkness.  They  had  passed  through  seven!  Til- 
lages— some  now  no  more  than  rubbish-heaps  with  jaatSt 
others  as  yet  unscarred  by  war.  Now  they  came  into  anotlxf 
village,  no  more  than  a  mass  of  thicker  darkness,  and  haltM. 
The  column  disintegrated.  A  few  furtive  lights  winked  too 
being  in  the  huddled  houses,  whose  outlines  became  dimlr  n^- 
ible.  Strings  of  sodden  soldiers,  trailing  their  covered  liflrN 
sought  shelter  in  bams  and  outbuildings.  Sentries  moved  <nt 
into  the  blackness  to  take  up  their  lonely  posts. 

In  the  confusion  Barton  lost  track  of  Th^phDe  Gdas,  htini 
detained  by  a  water-soaked  captain  who  felt  constrained  to  ts^ 


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Htions,  bat  whose  authoritative  cariosity  was  swallowed  ap 
g^ratitude  over  dry  cigarettes. 

'  Never  mind,"  Barton  comforted  himself.  "  I  shall  find  my 
>k  again.  He  is  not*  a  man  to  remain  hidden.    And  I  think 
it  I  am  beginning  to  find  the  thing  I  sought." 
ie  practiced  a  sort  of  circumscribed  prowling.  In  a  few  min> 
B  his  ears  caught  the  sound  of  splintering  wood. 
'  Unless  I  miss  my  guess,"  he  muttered,  "  I  am  on  the  scent 
rheophile.  He  is  the  one  man  I  have  encountered  to-night 
able  of  fostering  such  a  racket  under  these  conditions." 
Dhere  appeared  presently  in  a  small  field  at  the  edge  of  the 
age  a  number  of  men  staggering  imder  burdens  of  wood, 
ne  men  in  Barton's  place  would  have  begun  asking  questionB 
moe.  His  methods  were  wiser.    He  first  went  to  the  assist- 
«  of  a  soldier  whose  awkward  burden  was  continually  slip- 
g  out  of  his  arms.  After  this  conversation  was  easy. 
'  But  yes,"  admitted  the  soldier,  "  this  was  a  cow-shed.    And 
I  owner  of  the  cow-shed  wrung  his  hands  at  its  destruction, 
t  since  tliere  are  no  cows  and  will  be  none  until  after  the 
r,  and  men  must  be  warm,  que  vmilez-vous  ?" 
'Yoa  belong  to  the  Tenth  Company,  don't  you?"  Barton 
:ed. 

^  Mais  ouiy  monsieur^" 

Barton  did  yeoman  service  in  the  gathering  of  firewood, 
reral  small  fires  began  to  smolder  rather  unpromisingly. 
rton,  whose  life  had  once  depended  upon  his  ability  to  get  a 
ght  flame  out  of  wet  wood,  made  helpful  suggestions,  and  was 
once  taken  to  the  collective  bosom  of  what  remained  of  the 
nth  Company.  There  was,  finaUy,  a  faint  circle  of  firelight. 
Into  this  there  staggered  with  a  vast  clattering  the  all  bat 
risible  figure  of  Th^phile  Gelas.  He  looked  like  an  itinerant 
Mler  who  had  lost  his  cart  but  was  bent  on  saving  his  wares. 
i  was  festooned  and  draped  vrith  all  sorts  of  tin  and  irmi 
ings  that  would  at  a  pinch  hold  water,  and  behind  him  were 
0  soldiers,  similarly  adorned. 

"•  Voila  /"  Th^phile  exclaimed  in  triumph ;  '*  there  is  half  the 
!al  already  I  Lucien,  and  you,  Jean,  water !  Fr^^ric,  you  and 
!on  will  search  the  haversacks  and  bring  to  me  what  yon  find, 
lomas,  if  you  let  a  single  fire  die  down,  I  will  destroy  you !" 
He  stopped  abruptly  and  an  expression  of  pain  crossed  his 
^.  He  plunged  his  hand  into  an  inner  pocket  and  began  very 
igerly  to  pluck  out  bits  of  broken  glass. 
"  May  the  devil  seize  that  sacre  stone !"  he  growled. 
The  men  within  sight  langhed,  and  Theopmle  g^rinned  back 
them. 

"  Who  wants  vanilla  in  his  soup,  anyhow  ?"  he  demanded, 
d  disappeared  into  the  night,  his  red  legs  twinkling. 
In  perhaps  twenty  minutes  he  and  his  scullions  returned. 
Doe  more  they  came  laden,  this  time  with  dried  vegetables, 
me  shreds  of  fresh  meat,  and  a  bedraggled  hen  which  squawked 
sbly.  Barton  watched  and  marveled. 

^  All  told,"  he  said  to  himself,  "  there  is  not  enough  food  for 
dozen,  yet  I  believe  that  superman  will  feed  the  remnants  of 
i  company — and  me  into  the  bargain !" 
Th^ophile  became  a  sort  of  scampering  genius.  He  skijtped 
om  one  to  another  of  his  extemporized  kettles,  keeping  muf  a 
*zen  men  busy  and  twenty  laughing,  sputtering  with  speech 
te  a  burning  nise.  Now  and  again  he  plunged  his  hand  into 
•  knapsack — ^which  appeared  to  be  a  verit^le  widow's  cruse 
-and  brought  out  some  essential  in  the  way  of  seasoning.  An 
ior,  appetizing  and  stimulating,  began  to  make  itself  known. 
Iready  the  men  were  a  changed  lot  of  creatures. 
Not  more  than  an  hour  after  the  destruction  of  the  lamented 
>w-8hed  Th^phile  despatched  two  men  with  soup  and  coffee 
)  the  house  where  the  officers  of  the  company  were  quartered. 
>  quarter  of  an  hour  later  the  survivors  of  the  Tenth  Company 
'ere  filling  themselves  with  hot  food,  basking  in  the  heat  of  the 
Ks.  Barton,  unmindful  of  his  own  hunger,  sat  and  watohed. 
1>e  eagle  eye  of  Theophile  spied  him,  and  he  was  served — in 
'hat  had  one  time  been  somebody's  tooth-mug. 
"  Th&>phile,"  asked  Barton  as  he  gratefully  accepted  his  dish, 
bow  many  of  the  men  know  the  real  natore  of  this  beast  ?" 
»d  he  held  up  a  small  piece  of  meat. 
Thtophfle  shrugged. 

**  In  a  war  like  this,  monsieur,"  he  answered, "  even  a  oat 
swt  serve  his  country." 


His  soup  finished.  Barton  distributed  mgarettes,  smoked  for 
a  time  with  his  friends ;  then,  overcome  with  a  great  drowsi- 
ness, crept  into  a  shed  which  the  eye  of  Th^phile  had  over- 
looked, and  slept  Kke  a  Ic^.  The  last  thing  he  saw  was  the 
fi|;are  of  Th^phile  still  skipping  about  in  the  waning  light  of 
his  dying  fires. 

"  Yes, '  he  muttered,  sleepily,  "  I  have  certainly  found  the 
thing  I  sought." 

He  awoke  to  the  shrilling  of  bugles  and  a  changed  world. 
The  rain  had  pcssed,  and  a  ^de  sun  shone  out  of  a  cnill  sky  of 
March  blue.  There  was  a  wind  which  cut  yet  still  carried  a 
promise  of  warmth  to  come.  The  sounds  which  reached  Barton's 
experienced  ears  told  him  that  the  village  had  either  been  a 
raUj'ing-point  for  the  retreating  French,  or  that  reinforcements 
had  arrived,  for  now  it  contamed  many  times  the  number  of 
men  that  he  had  seen  march  into  it. 

This  meant  several  things.  For  one,  that  the  defeat  of  the 
French  had  been  no  worse  than  he  had  thought,  had  carried 
with  it  no  crippling  disorganization.  For  another  it  meant  that 
his  foot-loose  freedom  was  at  an  end.  He  would  be  called  upon 
•to  explain  his  presence,  to  return  once  more  to  the  circum- 
scribe limits  within  which  his  kind  plied  their  trade. 

Barton  got  up  and  stamped  the  stiffness  out  of  his  vigorous 
legs. 

"  All  right,"  he  muttered,  "  let  the  army  take  care  of  itself. 
I  desire  only  to  see  Theophile." 

He  found  Theophile  without  difficulty.  The  last  of  the  house 
of  Gelas  had  materialized  a  breakfast  for  many  out  of  nothing 
and  was  busy  at  his  fires. 

From  his  point  of  vantage  Barton  could  see  much.  The  vil- 
lage now  held  a  considerable  force.  It  did  not  look  like  an 
army*which  no  more  than  a  few  hours  earlier  had  felt  that 
numbing  shock  of  defeat.  On  all  sides  rose  the  cheerful  smoke 
of  breakfast  fires,  the  steady  hum  of  voices  from  men  who  were 
unafraid.  Barton  looked  upon  the  army  which  had  won  his 
praise  and  nodded  soberly. 

"  Of  course,"  he  said ;  "  there  are  a  thousand  Th^philes." 

Then  he  sought  out  the  little  man  in  the  red  trousers  and 
the  fiercely  bristling  mustache. 

^Bonjourf"  cned  Th^ophUe,  gayly,  and  produced  coffee 
upon  the  instant. 

Barton  drank,  looked  thoughtful,  and  then  spoke. 

"  Th^phile,"  he  asked,  "  what  is  the  business  of  a  soldier  ?" 

"  To  serve  his  country,  monsieur." 

Barton  nodded. 

"  You  would  like  to  carry  a  rifle,  Th^phile  ?" 

"  JUille  tonnerest  yes  1" 

"  And  you  do  not  care  for  aU  this  ?"  and  Barton  swept  his 
hand  about  the  smoldering  fires  and  the  steaming  pots. 

Th^phile  bent  forward. 

"  Monsieur,  I  hate  it !"  he  declared. 

^  Now  listen,"commanded  Barton.  "  I  have  seen  many  armies, 
I  have  read  tales  of  many  others.  It  is  my  business  to  write  of 
such  things." 

"  Yes,  1  have  observed  the  journalist's  brasaard  upon  mon- 
sieur's arm." 

"  Exactly.  Well,  I  am  going  to  write  of  the  best  soldier  I 
have  seen.  He  is  the  best  because  he  does  to  the  best  of  his 
ability  the  thing  on  earth  he  hates  most,  for  the  simple  reason 
that  it  is  his  duty." 

Theophile  straightened  himself  unconsciously. 

"  Monsieur  I"  he  protested. 

"  If  the  Little  Corporal  himself  were  to  come  now  into  the 
village  and  were  to  be  told  of  all  that  had  happened,  do  you 
know  what  he  would  do  ?" 

"  No,  monsieur." 

''  He  would  pass  by  the  generals,"  declared  Barton,  "  pass  by 
all  the  fighting  men,  go  straight  to  you  and  pinch  you  by  the 
ear  as  he  did  yourgrandsire  at  Auerstadt." 

For  an  instant  In^ophile  Gelas  remained  motionless,  his  face 
a  study. 

"  If  that  were  true  I"  he  exclaimed  in  a  low  voice. 

And  when  Barton  tomed  away  to  seek  those  to  whom  he 
must  give  an  accounting  of  himself  he  saw  that  Th^phile 
Gelas  was  regarding  his  pots  and  pans  with  a  look  upon  his 
face  as  though  he  had  seen  a  miracle. 


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THE   OUTLOOK 


TOMMY    ATKINS 

BY  EDGAR   GUEST 

Copyright,  1918,  by  the  aatbor.  Reprinted  by  permiaaion 


Oh,  we  joshed  TOU,  Tommy  Atking,  for  yonr 

qaeer  and  carious  ways, 
Aiid  we  used  to  think  yoa  silly  in  the  good 

old  peaceful  days. 
Then  we  thought  you  high  and  mighty  and 

a  little  overproud, 
But   we   didn't   really  know  you  as  you 

passed  us  in  the  crowd  ; 
But  we're  taking  back  this  momin'  all  the 

bitter  things  we've  said, 
For  we've  seen  you  stand  to  battle  and  we 

know  your  blood  is  red. 

We've  seen  you  black  an'  dirty,  standin' 

knee  deep  in  the  mud. 
Never  taming  face  or  color  as  the  bullets 

round  you  thud ; 
And  we've  seen  you  there  in  Flanders  with 

your  backs  against  the  wall. 
Never  wincin',  never  quittin'  till  the  latit  of 

you  should  fall ; 
And  we've  come  to  see  this  momui'  that 

for  all  that  we  hold  fine. 
For  llie   safety   of  our   children,  we   can 

thank  tiie  British  line. 


We  can  thank  yon,  Tommy  Atkins,  that 

no  shell  has  marred  our  shore. 
That  no  Prussian  brute  is  standing  at  a 

single  Yankee  door. 
Oh,  we  ve   quit   our   thoughtless  jesting ; 

what  we  looked  upon  as  swank    ' 
Was  a  covering   for  courage  of  the  first 

and  foremost  rank. 
An'  we've  come  to  understand  yon ;  when 

the  clouds  of  doubt  were  black 
An'  the  Huns  were  rushin'  coastward,  it 

was  you  who  held  'em  back. 

Never  more,  O  Tommy  Atkins,  shall  we 

fling  at  you  a  sneer  ; 
You  may  keep  your  carious  customs  when 

the  peaceful  days  are  here, 
You  may  wear  your  little  pill-box  an'  your 

monocle  and  cane, 
An'  drawl  out  your  British  phrases,  but 

we'll  never  laugh  again  ; 
For  we've  come  to  understand  j'ou,  come 

to  know  you  through  an'  through, 
An'  ttiere  is  no  way  of  squarin'  up  the  debt 

we  owe  to  you. 


THE   MORNING  WATCH 

BY  WILLIAM   L.  STIDGEB 


r?  was  the  fonr-to-eight  lookout.  Seamen 
call  it  the  "morning  watch."  We  had 
climbed  sixty-five  feet  in  the  darkness 
into  the  crow's-nest,  with  the  g^eat 
transport  swinging  in  the  waves  and  on  its 
zigzag  course  and  the  wind  blowing  such  a 
terrific  gale  that  I  thought  I  wouKl  fall  to 
the  deck  every  time  the  ship  swung. 

For  a  pure  landlubber  climbing  a  mast 
is  no  easy  before-breakfast  exercise.  When 
I  started  up,  that  pole  looked  a  good  mile 
and  a  half  to  the  top.  When  I  got  half-way 
up,  it  looked  at  least  three  miles.  When  1 
came  to  the  place,  two-thirds  of  the  way  up, 
where  the  rungs  took  a  dizzy  notion  to 
travel  clear  around  the  mast,  it  looked  as  if 
the  top  was  still  about  six  miles  away.  As 
one  of  my  fellow-safferers  who  was  climb- 
ing the  mast  just  below  me  said,  "  I  would 
have  gone  back,  but  that  would  have  been 
doing  the  impossible  twice." 

But  at  last,  by  sheer  will  power,  we 
•  eached  the  top,  crowded  through  the  little 
hole  in  the  floor  of  the  crow's-nest,  and 
took  the  next  half-hour  of  the  four-hour 
watch  recovering  from  the  climb.  The 
Ledge  Trail  at  Yosemite  looks  easy  com- 
pared witli  that  climb  into  the  crow's- 
nest. 

But,  like  the  Ledge  Trail,  this  climb 
was  well  worth  the  em»rt  when  yon  got  to 
the  top. 

Morning  was  breaking,  and  it  was  to  be 
an  eventful  morning,  we  soon  found.  A 
crimson  splash  along  the  eastern  sk^  told 
us  that  it  was  to  be  a  beautiful  mommg  at 
least.  This  crimson  promise  was  soon  ful- 
filled when  the  great  sun  itself  shot  its  way 
up  out  of  the  ocean  as  though  it  had  been 
fired  from  a  big  gun  over  there  somewhere 
on  the  German  hues,  away  from  which  we 
were  steaming  as  fast  as  one  of  Uncle 
Sam's  big  transports  could  plow  the  waves. 

Then  suddenly  that  world-old  Biblical 
phrase,  "the  morning  watch," came  flashing 
mto  my  mind,  and  for  the  first  time  I  knew 
the  meaning  of  it  all.  I  had  conducted 
"morning  watch"  hoars  in  mv  church 
work  many  times,  bat  I  never  knew  the 


wonder,  the  beautv,  the  meaning  of  that 
sweet  hour  just  betore,  during,  and  follow- 
ing the  dawning  of  a  new  day  as  I  learned 
it  from  the  crow's-nest  while  sailing  out  of 
the  east  into  the  west,  homeward  bound. 

Then  suddenly,  floating  in  the  water, 
we  saw  several  life-preservers. 

"  Repoi-t  them  to  the  bridge." 

"  No.  1,"  I  called  through  the  telephone. 

"  No.  1,"  was  the  response. 

"  Two  lif erpreservers  floating  on  the 
port  side  of  the  ship  about  fifty  feet  away." 

"  O.  K.,  No.  1,"  was  the  report  from  the 
bridge. 

Then  in  rapid  succession  we  had  to  re- 
port ten,  fifteen,  twenty  boxes  floating  in 
the  water. 

"  There's  a  bale  of  cotton  floating  by," 
said  the  man  on  tlie  "morning  watch" 
with  me. 

"  And  there's  another,"  I  cried,  "  on  the 
starboard  side." 

"  No.  1,  two  bales  of  cotton  floating,  one 
on  tlie  port  and  one  on  the  starboard 
side  of  the  ship,  about  one  hundred  yards 
distant,"  I  reported. 

«O.K.,No.l." 

And  BO  it  went  for  four  hours  of  that 
beautiful  morning.  Later,  when  we  had 
climbed  down  from  our  lofty  perch,  we 
learned  that  we  had  been  reporting  tlie 
debris  of  a  torpedoed  French  merchant 
vessel,  which  had  been  sunk  the  night  before 
with  all  on  board. 

Then  suddenly  off-  in  the  distance  we 
saw  a  strange  ship.  It  looked  neither  like  a 
'oattleship  nor  like  a  merchant  vessel,  but 
somewhat  like  both.  We  watched  it  for 
several  seconds,  and  then  reported  it  to  the 
bridge  as  looking  suspiciously  like  a  cruiser 
type  of  submarine.  The  bridge  confirmed 
our  surmises  and  ordered  the  big  guns  both 
fore  and  aft  trained  on  it.  But  evidently 
the  German  U-boat  had  seen  us  about  the 
time  that  we  had  sighted  her,  for  she  sub- 
merged before  the  eager  gunman  had  a 
chance  to  adjust  the  heavy  shells  and  pull 
the  levers  of  the  big  guns. 

We  reported  sighting  thai^niiser  sabma- 


18  December 

rine  to  the  ships  within  readi  of  oar  wire- 
less, and  during  the  next  three  days  re- 
ceived reports  mm  several  ships  that  they 
too  had  sighted  the  "  cruiser  U-boat "  on 
her  way  back  to  Germany. 

The  "  morning  watch  "  hour  was  signifi- 
cant in  the  great  war,  for  it  was  at  that 
hour  that  "  over  the  top  "  signals  cune  fre- 
quently. It  was  at  tliis  hour  that  more  men 
pass  "  over  tlie  top  "  on  tlieir  way  "  west " 
than  at  any  other  hour  of  the  day  or  night, 
and  many  is  the  lad  who  has  "  gone  west " 
during  the  "  morning  watch '  along  the 
edge  of  No  Man's  Land. 

The  word  had  pa8se<l  Uirongh  the  r^- 
ment.  To-morrow  at  "  zero  "  the  whole 
rwiment  would  "  go  over." 

It  was  the  first  time  for  most  of  tite 
American  boys,  and  few  of  those  who 
crawled  into  tneir  dugouts  slept  that  night. 
"  Zero  "  was  at  dawn  the  next  morning. 
They  were  to  go  over  under  cover  of  the 
gray,  foggy  dawn  and  surprise  tlie  Boche. 
There  was  to  be  no  artillery  preparation. 

'The  kid  liimself  told  me  the  story  three 
days  later  as  we  sat  in  a  hut : 

"  I  was  always  a  timid  kid,  even  at  home. 
Any  kid  in  town  could  lick  me.  I  just  natu- 
rally didn't  seem  cut  out  for  fighting,  and  1 
always  believed  that  I  had  a  yellow  streak 
in  me. 

"  You  know,  sir,  that's  tlie  tiling  us  guys 
are  most  afraid  of.  We're  not  afraid  to  die. 
and  we're  not  afraid  of  the  Hun,  bat  we're 
afraid  of  fear.  We're  afraid  that  when  the 
time  comes  we'll  not  have  the '  guts.' 

"  I  told  everybody  tliat  I  was  afraid.  I 
thought  that  it  might  just  as  well  be  known, 
for  I  knew  that  when  the  time  came  to 
'  go  over '  I'd  just  naturally  drop  in  my 
tracks.  I  knew  that  my  legs  would  tremble 
so  tliat  I  couldn't  lift  them,  much  less  climb 
up  the  step  that  I  had  shoveled  out  and 
march  out  across  No  Man's  Land,  as  we 
liad  been  told  to  do,  '  at  a  leisurely  pace.' " 

«  Why,  boy,  they're  all  afraid,''^  I  told 
him.  Then,  for  his  comfort,  I  told  him  the 
story  that  I  had  heard  in  Paris : 

A  crowd  of  officers  were  sitting  in  the 
officers'  club  talking  among  themselves. 
A  young  lieutenant  stood  up,  paced  the 
floor  dramatically,  and  said  to  the  crowd : 
"  I'm  perfectly  willing  to  admit  that  there's 
one  thing  that  I'm  ati-aid  of.  There's  one 
thing  tliat '  gets  my  goat,'  and  gets  it  good 
and  proper. 

"  What's  that?"  the  others  asked  him. 

"  Why,  these  Gothas.  They  come  over  in 
the  night  and  they  come  over  in  the  day, 
and  you  never  know  when  or  where  they're 
goin'^  to  drop  their  bombs.  If  yoa  had  a 
fighting  chance — if  you  could  dodge  them — 
I  wouldn't  be  afraid.  Yes,  there's  one  thing 
that  I'm  afraid  of." 

Then  a  gray-haired  old  war  horse,  a 
major  in  the  Biegular  Army,  arose.  Every- 
body knew  him.  He  had  served  through 
the  entire  Spanish- American  War.  lie  had 
seen  some  stubborn  bush  fighting  in  the 
Philippines.  He  had  been  on  the  border 
for  ayear.  He  spoke  quietly  and  sincerely : 

"  Well,  men,  I've  got  just  one  thing  to 
say  in  answer  to  the  Ueutenant,  and  that  b 
that  there  are  just  about  five  hundred 
things  in  Uiis  war  that  I'm  afraid  of,  and 
afraid  good  and  proper  !" 

"Gee,  that's  comforting!"  the  boy  said 
to  me  as  we  sat  talking.  "  I  thought  I  was 
the  only  guy  in  our '  outfit '  that  was  afraid." 

Then  he  went  on  with  his  story. 

"  It  was  at  dawn  that  we  were  to  go 
over.  I  was  afraid  that  I  would  be  afraid. 
Everybody  in  my  company  knew  it  My 
officers  knew  it.   They  said  it  was  because 


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THE  OUTLOOK 


639 


The  Morning  Watch  (Continued) 
I  Am  80  young.   I'm  only  seventeen,  sir. 
God,  how  I  prayed !" 

"  So  yoa  prayed,  did  you,  lad  ?'  I  asked. 

"  Tea,  I  prayed  as  ire  stood  there  in  the 
trenches  waiting  for  the  whistle.  I  had  on 
my  Imuinous  watch.    It  was  still  dark,  and 

*  zero '  was  four.  It  was  ten  minutes  to 
four  by  the  watch.  In  some  ways  it  looked 
like  a  century  to  me,  those  ten  minutes, 
and  in  other  ways  the  seconds  seemed  to 
shoot  past  like  tlie  German  machine-gun 
bullets  do — so  fast  you  can't  see  them. 

"Yes,  I  prayed  this  prayer:  'O  God, 
make  me  brave !  Don't  let  me  be  afraid ! 
Don't  let  me  be  afraid !  I'd  rather  die  than 
be  afraid,  God !  I'd  rather  die  than  be 
afraid!' 

"  Then  I  looked  at  my  watch  ag^in.  We 
just  had  five  minutes  to  wait  and  the 
whistle  would  go.  I  think  I  got  to  be  fifty 
years  old  in  tnose  five  minutes.  I  looked 
out  across  No  Man's  Land  and  I  imag- 
ined that  I  could  see  myself  han^ng  to  the 
wires  out  there,  dead,  i  knew  just  how  I 
would  look.  I  saw  a  man  hangrine  to  a  tele- 

Oh  wire  one  day  at  home.  He  had  got 
of  a  live  wire,  and  there  he  hung,  like 
m  dead  rabbit,  on  the  wire.  I  knew  I  would 
look  like  that  dead. 

"Then  I  prayed  again  there  in  the  dawn, 

*  O  God,  don't  let  me  be  afraid !' 

**  Then  the  old  '  top  sei^eant '  answered 
my  prayer  for  God.  I  guess,  sir,  that  that's 
a  way  God  has  of  doin',  isn't  it  ?  Gettin' 
human  beings  to  answer  prayers  for  liim, 
doesn't  he  ?' 

"  I'm  sure  that  hedges,"  I  responded. 

"  Well,  he  did  tiwtt  time,  anyhow.  I 
looked  at  my  watch.,  ^e  just  had  two  min- 
utes. Then  I  began,  to  shake  all  over.  I 
was  sure  that  everybodv  in  the  company 
could  see  my  knees  shakin'.  I  knew  that 
they  would  never  hold  me  up;  that  I'd 
never  g^t  over  that  trench  ;  and,  if  I  did, 
diat  I  would  fall  before  I  went  three  steps. 

"  Just  then  the  old  '  top '  comes  along, 
slaps  me  on  the  back,  and  says :  '  Go  to  it, 
ki^  old  boy  !  You've  got  the  guts  !  Buck 
up  I  Yon  can  do  it  I' 

"  And  when  that  whistle  blew  all  sense  of 
fear  left  me,  and  over  I  went  with  the  rest 
of  them.  My  knees  quit  trembling,  and  I  was 
so  ciazy  to  get  up  over  that  parapet  that  I 
didn't  even  use  the  step.  I  just  jumped." 

Ilien  he  stopped  and  blushed  becom- 
ingly. I  knew  what  he  was  coming  to  now, 
for  that  was  the  very  thing  that  I  had 
hunted  him  out  to  hear.  "  Maybe  you  saw 
it  in  tlie  paper,  sir — about — that  Dig  six- 
foot  Boche  i  brought  in.  Honest,  I  don't 
know  where  I  got  him.  All  I  can  remember 
is  that  old  '  top '  slapping  me  on  the  back, 
and  then  the  whistle  blowin'  and  then  Koin' 
over,  and  then  the  next  thing  I  knew  1  had 
a  big  six-foot  Boche  in  front  of  me  and  I 
was  marchin'  him  in  to  divisional  headquar- 
ters. The  boys  kidded  me  a  lot  and  wanted 
to  know  where  I'd  found  him,  and  if  he'd 
captured  me,  and  a  lot  of  that  stu£F ;  but  I 
got  him,  all  right." 

"  Yes,  yon  got  him,  boy,  and  that  was  a 
mighty  fine  job,  too." 

"  Yes,  that  was  fine,  but  that  isn't  what 
I'm  happiest  about." 

"  What  are  you  happiest  about?" 

« I'm  happiest  because  it  turned  out  that 
I  wasn't  afraid.  I  owe  that  to  the  old  <  top.' 
Good  ole  '  top '  1  I  guess  God  must  have 
beard  my  prayers  all  right  and  sent  the  ole 

*  top '  to  answer  them." 

"  Morning  watch  "  experiences  are  varied 

in  war  times,  as  the  above  story  indicates. 

There  was  another  "  morning  watch " 


hour.  It  was  before  one  of  the  big  battles  on 
the  western  front.  The  old  chaphiin  had  got 
up  with  his  boys,  for  he  knew  that  they  were 
to  go  over  at  dawning.  It  was  a  misty 
morning.  He  would  have  given  all  that  he 
had  to  have  gone  with  them,  he  loved  them 
so.  He  said  to  me  as  he  told  me  his  story : 
"  It  didn't  just  seem  right  for  my  boys  to 
be  going  over  and  me  not  with  tnem.  But 
those  were  my  orders ;  to  stay  back  and 
help  guide  the  '  walking  woundied '  in,  and 
to  lielp  in  the  dressing  station  when  it  was 
all  over,  so  there  I  had  to  stick. 

"  But  as  the  boys  were  silently  filing  into 
the  front-line  trenches  I  had  the  pleasure 
of  taking  every  boy  by  the  hand  as  he 
ducked  under  the  camouflage  at  the  edge  of 
the  road  and  went  into  the  communication 
trench  that  led  to  the  front.  They  were  to 
go  over  that  morning  without  artillery  sup- 
port. The  plan  was  to  surprise  the  Boche. 
Up  to  that  time  we  had  always  prepared 
the  way  for  going  over  with  a  heavy  artil- 
lery curtain.  I  knew  just  when  they  were 
to  go  over,  so  I  walked  up  to  a  little  hill. 
This  hill  commanded  agooa  view  of  the  lines. 
I  climbed  up  into  a  tree  where  there  was 
an  observation  post  I  kept  an  eye  on  my 
watch.  The  time  was  near.  Another  minute 
and  my  boys  would  be  going  over,  some  of 
them  going  '  west.' 

"  The  thought  broke  my  heart.  Then  up 
there  in  that  tree  I  held  a  little  '  morning 
watch '  service  for  them.  I  watched  them  eo 
over.  I  couldn't  distinguish  their  forms  ror 
the  fog  in  the  valley,  but  I  said, '  Bight  down 
there,  God — there  in  the  fog— my  boys  and 
your  boys  at-e  "goin?  over  the  top.'  Take 
care  of  them,  God.  Go,  with  them.  Bless 
them !  Keep  them  !  And  if  they  liave  to  die 
take  them  to  thine  arms  of  love,  for  Jesus' 
sake.  Amen !' 

"  That  was  the  strangest  '  morning 
watch '  I  ever  kept.  At  home  I  make  it  a 
habit  to  keep  the  '  morning  watch '  every 
day,  but  somehow  God  seemed  nearer  to 
me  up  there  in  that  tree  in  the  observation 
post  than  he  ever  seemed  back  in  my 
study  or  in  my  home.  And  never  did  1 

Sray  with  more  intense  earnestness  than  I 
id  at  that  hour.  God  seemed  to  hear  my 
praver,  for  all  of  my  boys  came  back  ;  some 
witft  wounds,  to  be  sure,  but  they  all  came 
back." 

And  so  it  is,  fathers  and  mothers,  that  the 
chaplains,  the  secretaries,  and  even  many 
officers,  are  keeping  guard  over  your  boys, 
and  so  it  is  that  men  who  love  them,  even 
over  there  in  the  cold,  hard  business  of 
war,  some  spiritually  visioned  men,  have 
not  forgotten  the  "  morning  watch." 

And  always  hovering  back  in  the  shadow 
is  the  Father  "  keepmg  watch  above  his 
own." 


THE   THOUSAND-DOLLAR 
MANSION 

BY  BOLTON   BALL 

The  intensive  cultivation  of  small  areas 
is  the  natural  remedy  for  high  food  prices. 
The  National  .War  Gardens  Commission 
claims  that  there  are  now  over  half  a  mill- 
ion little  "  potato  patches,"  which  produced 
an  immense  quantity  of  vegetables  this 
year;  tlwt  was  while  we  were  busy  with 
otlier  things,  such  as  Huns  and  high  wages, 
to  distract  us  from  cultivation. 

Mr.  C.  H.  Ingersoll,  the  "  dolUr  watch  " 
man,  has  shown  us  how  to  make  quickly  a 
house  which  will  be  cheap  and  indestruc- 
tible. His  way  is  to  pour  a  house  of  con- 
crete in  one  operation.  He  has  already  put 
up  fourteen  ho4B»s  at  the  "  Self-Masters  " 


Colony  in  Union,  New  Jersey,  near  Eliza- 
beth, the  place  where  Mr.  Lloyd  reclaims 
the  derelicts  of  our  civilization,  Mr.  Edison 
had  the  idea  of  "  poured  houses  "  all  right, 
but  Mr.  Ingersoll  had  it  modified  and 
worked  out  by  an  inventor,  Harvey  E. 
Dodge,  and  carried  out  practically  by 
experienced  builders. 

Edison's  molds  cost  too  much  (about 
$30,000  each)  and  the  concrete  clogged  the 
molds.  The  Dodge  plan  gets  over  this  dif- 
ficulty by  using  laminat^  wooden  molds, 
a  set  of  which  can  be  built  for  a  few  thou- 
sand dollars,  and  which  concrete  will  not 
stick  to.  These  molds  are  rented  out  to 
those  who  build  the  houses,  and  each  set  is  a 
hen  that  lays  a  complete  house  every  week. 

Now  that  houses  can  be  poui«d  out 
quickly,  plentifully,  and  good,  it  will  be 
possible  to  cut  up  huge  tracts  of  land  into 
small  plots,  eacti  of  them  furnished  with 
a  six-room  thousand-dollar  house,  proof 
against  fire  and  vermin  and  earthquakes, 
needing  no  repairs,  no  insurance,  and  im- 
pervious to  heat  and  cold. 

This  opens  a  fresh  field  for  the  "  Three 
Acre  and  Liberty "  proposition  that  is 
without  limit,  and  Mrill  prove  to  be  a  most 
important  factor  of  our  food  production 
and  rehabilitation  of  cities  from  the  war. 

It  is  the  simplest  and  most  immediate 
war  reconstruction  work  we  have. 


THE   VICKSBURG 
SURRENDER 

A  friend  and  reader,  who  was  interested 
in  a  recent  reference  in  The  OuUook  to  the 
surrender  at  Vicksburg,  sends  us  the  fol- 
lowing copy  of  a  letter  written  by  a  private 
who  was  a  witness  of  the  surrender : 

ViokabiUK,  July,  1863.- 

My  Dear  Friend: 

On  July  4, 1863,  the  surrender  of  Vicks- 
burg to  General  Grant  by  General  Pem- 
berton  took  place.  I  was  at  General  Frank 
Blair's  heatlquarters  at  nine  o'clock  tiiat 
morning.  The  formal  surrender  took  place 
at  about  half -past  nine.  The  evening  before 
General  Grant  and  General  Peniberton 
met  midway  between  tlie  two  lines  under  a 
large  live-oak  tree  to  arrange  for  the  sur- 
render the  next  day. 

I  rode  by  the  tree  and  along  the  trenches 
approaching  the  rebel  lines.  A  day  or  two 
alter  die  surrender  I  went  to  the  fatmous 
tree  and  found  a  boy  with  a  hatohet  cutting 
canes  and  selling  mem  to  the  soldiers  at 
twenty-five  cents  each.  The  tree  was  out- 
side the  picket  line.  My  pass  from  General 
Grant  allowed  me  to  go  through  the  lines 
to  the  tree.  It  was  about  twenty  inches  in 
diameter.  I  took  the  boy's  hatehet,  trimmed 
up  a  limb  ten  feet  long,  gave  half,  or  about 
four  feet,  to  Mr.  McCracken,  and  kept  the 
rest.  What  you  have  is  a  piece  cut  from  my 
part  I  have  left  about  three  and  a  half 
feet,  which  I  prize  very  much. 

The  soldiers  and  Neeroes  cut  this  tree  to 
pieces  and  dug  out  aU  the  roots,  and  the 
Government  placed  a  marble  monument  on 
the  spot,  which  was  soon  chipped  and 
ruined.  Then  one  of  the  large  siege  guns, 
captured  at  Vicksburg  was  put  in  place  of 
the  marble  shaft,  with  the  breech  cemented 
in  a  granite  fountain  and  with  the  muzzle 
pointing  heavenward  as  a  lasting  monument 
of  tlie  great  victory. 

I  have  a  photograph  of  both  the  marble 
shaft  and  the  gun  as  it  now  marks  the 
spot  This  experience  is  one  of  the  mariced 
epochs  in  my  life. 

Your  friend, 

WlLLUlM    D.   BuTUtR. 


Digitized  by  VJWVJV  iC 


640 


THE   OUTLOOK 


18  Deoembo 


WEEKLY  OUTLINE  STUDY  OF 
CURRENT  HISTORY 

BY   J.   MADISON   GATHANY,   A.M. 

BOPB  STKEET   HIGH   SCHOOL.  PROTIDBNCE.   R.   L 

BoMd  on  The  Outlook  ofDeceniber  11, 1918 

Hwsh  week  an  Oatlina  Study  of  Carrant  Sia/Uny  baaed  on  the  praoediog  nnmber  of  The  Ondook  will 
bo  printed  for  the  benefit  of  onrrent  events  oUases,  debating  olnbs,  taaohen  of  hiitory  and  of  Knglish,  >nd 
the  like,  and  for  nae  in  the  home  and  by  (ooh  indiTidoal  readers  a*  may  desire  soggeations  in  the  seriona 
■tody  of  onrrent  history.— Tb>  BoitoB8. 

[Those  who  an  miag  the  mekly  ontline  sbonld 
not  attempt  to  ooTsr  the  whole  of  an  outline  in  any 
one  lesaon  or  study.  Assign  for  one  lesson  selected 
questions,  one  or  two  propositions  for  disonasion,  and 
only  snoh  words  as  are  found  in  the  material  amgned. 
Or  distribnte  selected  qnestions  among  different 
members  of  the  class  or  group  and  oaTe  them 
report  their  findings  to  all  when  assembled.  Hen 
have  all  disonas  the  qnestions  together.] 


I — ^nrrERNATIONAI.  AFFAIBS 

A.  Topic:  A  League  of  Nations. 
Beferenee:  Pages 576-678. 
QuettioTu: 

1.  What  facts  does  The  Oatlook  give 
showing  that  the  proposal  for  a  Leafae  of 
Nations  "  is  a  growtn  from  seeds  punted 
in  the  thonghte  of  men  from  very  earlpr 
ages"?  2.  What  is  the  object  of  this 
League?  Do  those  who  advocate  it  believe 
the  League  would  prevent  all  wars  in 
the  future?  3.  ijome  of  the  leagues  The 
Outlook  mentions  and  a  nnmber  of  other 
such  leagues  in  history  have  passed  awav 
without  achieving  the  objects  sought.  Is  it 
reasonable  to  contend  uiat  the  proposed 
League  of  Nations  will  be  any  more  snc- 
cesstul  in  the  object  it  seeks  r  Discuss  at 
length.  4.  One  of  the  most  potent  questions 
in  me  formation  of  a  League  of  Nations  b 
JJiat  of  national  sovere^nty.  Discuss  this 
phase  of  the  project.  What  of  America's 
sovereignty  wonla  you  be  willing  to  relin- 
quish? 5.  Give  several  reasons  why  it 
would  be  difficult  to  do  away  with  the 
causes  of  war.  6.  Discuss  whether  equality 
of  economic  opportunity  should  be  guaran- 
teed to  all  free  nations.  Could  a  League  of 
Nations  be  successful  without  this  condi- 
tion ?   7.  Does  the  formation  and  successful 

eration  of  the  proposed  League  involve 


the  abandonment  of  the  Monroe  Doctrine  ? 
If  it  does,  would  you  be  willing  to  see  that 
Doctrine  go?  Reasons.  8.  Discuss  the 
probable  perils  of  America  "going  it  alone  " 
and  taking  advantage  of  all  possible  eco- 
nomic privileges.  9.  Give  a  nnmber  of 
reasons  why,  in  your  opinion,  America 
should  or  snonld  not  join  a  League  of 
Nations.  10.  Bead  the  following:  "A 
Republic  of  Nations,"  by  R.  C.  Minor 
(Oxford  University  Press  —  American 
Branch — New  York)  ;  "  The  League  of 
Nations  To-Day  and  To-Morrow,"  by  H. 
M.  Kallen  (Marshall  Jones) ;  "  Democracy 
and  World  Relations,"  by  D.  S.  Jordan 
(World  Book  Company). 

B.  Topic :  What  Is  a  Nation? 
Beferenee :  Pages  583,  584. 
Quettums  : 

1.  How  does  Mr.  Boardman  account  for 
the  theorv  of  nationality?  What  is  that 
theory?  2.  Evidently  Mr.  Boardman  be- 
lieves that  "  the  spirit  of  nationality  "  is  a 
destructive  force.  Can  you  prove  from  the 
history  of  different  nations  uiat  it  has  been 
a  great  constructive  force  ?  3.  Explain  the 
meaning  of  "race,"  "people,",  "nation," 
"  nationality^' "  nationalism,"  "  intexnation- 
alism."  4.  Would  it  be  more  (fifficultior 
men  of  widety  different  nationsE&es  to  'five 


together  peacefully  in  Europe  than  in 
Ameiica?  Reasons.  5.  Mr.  Boardman  be- 
lieves that  all  kinds  of  blood  are  necessary 
in  order  to  have  a  "  well-rounded  govern- 
ment" Give  reasons  why,  in  your  opinion, 
this  is  or  is  not  sA.  6.  Explain :  "A 
League  of  Nations  seems  but  a  logical  con- 
sequence of  our  own  successful  venture  in 
the  field  of  political  experiment."  7.  Does 
it  seem  to  you  that  it  would  be  an  easy 
matter  to  form  and  successfully  maintain  a 
United  States  of  the  Balkans?  Tell  why. 
8.  Does  the  history  of  civilized  peoples  tend 
to  show  that  nationalism  must  give  way  to 
internationalism  ?  Reasons.  9.  m  all  means 
read  "  Nationality  in  Modem  iLstory,"  by 
J.  H.  Rose  (Macmillan). 

n— NATIONAL  APFAIB8 

Topic:  The  President's  Address  to  Con- 
gress ;  The  President's  Absence. 
Beferenee :  Pages  569,  576. 
Questions  : 

1.  How  do  yon  like  the  President's  ad- 
dress to  Congress?  Give  your  reasons. 
2.  President  Wilson  says  he  nas  no  definite 
plan  concerning  the  niilway  problem.  Is 
this  his  usual  attitude  toward  public  qnes- 
tions ?  Proof.  What  alternative  courses 
does  he  mention  ?  Which  one  do  you  think 
would  be  better  for  the  railways  and  the 
country  ?  3.  The  Outiook  points  out  certain 
duties  the  Constitution  lays  upon  the  Presi- 
dent. Name  them.  Does  the  Constitution 
lay  other  duties  upon  him  ?  4.  Do  you 
agree  or  disagree  with  The  Outiook  in  its 
belief  that  Congress  should  now  confer 
on  the  Vice-President  the  power  to  perform 
the  duties  of  the  President?  Tell  why. 
°  5.  Are  you  pleased  with  the  President's  se- 
lection of  peace  delegfates  ?  Reasons.  What, 
in  your  opinion,  would  the  President  and 
our  allies  think  if  the  Senate  should  elect 
a  committee  of  Senators  to  attend  the 
Peace  Conference  ?  6.  Tell  what  you  think 
Mr.  Wilson's  theory  of  tiie  Presiaency  is. 

m — PB0P08ITI0NS   FOB  DZ80U88ION 

(Thass  propositions  are  snggested  directlT  or  indi- 
rectly by  the  subject-matter  of  The  OuUook,  but 
not  oiscnased  in  it.) 

1.  America  has  lived  a  century  since 
1914.  2.  The  objections  to  a  Lei^e  of 
Nations  are  imaginary.  3.  Patriotism  is 
only  an  attitude. 

IV — ^VOCABDIiABT   BUILDINO 

(All  of  the  following  words  and  expressions  are 
foundinTheOntlookfor  December  11, 1918.  Both 
before  and  after  looking  them  pp  in  the  dictionary 
or  elsewhere,  give  their  meaning  in  your  own  toordi. 
The  figures  in  parentheses  refsr  to  pages  on  which 
the  words  may  be  found.) 

Plenipotentiaries,  irrevocable,  confeder- 
ation (o76)  ;  sovereignty,  pronunciamento, 
democratized  (577)  ;  prototype,  mandate, 
spirit  of  nationality,  truism,  consang^nity, 
heterogeneons  (583);  propagandists,  de- 
limitedf,  restive,  a  prion  reasoning,  contour 
(584)  ;  suffrage,  cut^over  lands,  alternative 
(569)  ;  preposterous  (576). 


A  hteldtt  tugguting  nuthods  itfunng  the  Weekly  Ontlimt  qf  Ctirrent  Hittory  will  be  tent  oil  applieatitit 


THE    NEW    BOOKS 

This  Department  will  include  deseriptiTs  notes,  with 
or  without  brief  comments,  about  books  r«e«ii«4 
by  The  Outlook.  Many  of  the  irapcatant  booJu  w31 
have  more  extended  and  criticftl  traatmewt  bur 

FICnOK 
Birth.  By  Zona  Oale.  The  M,u-,«m^„  CompaaT. 
Now  York.  $1.60. 
In  scope  and  purpose  this  is  by  all  meant 
Miss  Gale's  best  work.  It  is  capital  in  it* 
rendering  of  the  talk  and  views  of  a  sort 
of  "Greek  chorus"  of  minor  characters, 
'  chiefly  women  of  the  type  the  aatJior  hat 
so  closely  studied  and  cleverly  depicted  in 
her  short  stories.  The  two  Pitts,  fiUJier  and 
son,  are  studied  s3rmpatheticaUy ;  in  the 
purpose  of  the  novel  the  son  was  iatendcd 
to  De  the  leading  character,  bat  he  is 
vaguely  rendered  as  compared  with  the 
fauier,  a  dull,  faithful,  hopelessly  **  com- 
mon," but  really  great-hearted  little  paper- 
hanger.  This  cuM-acter  in  itself  makes  the 
book  a  story  of  creative  value. 

Dr.  Adrtaan.    By  Lonis  Conperua.   Traudated 

by  Alexander  Teixeiia  de  Mattos.  Dodd,  iimi 

A  Co.,  New  Yorit.   $lJiO. 

Couperus  is  the  best  known    of  Dutch 

novelists.   This  book  is  subtle  in  peychola|7 

and  searching  in  its  study  of  tempenuncDL 

It  lacks  action  and  sparkle,  bat  will  appeal 

to  readers  who  want  something  deeper  uum 

mere  material  for  amusement. 

In  tbe  Heart  of  a  Fool.  By  WOlisoii  Alln 
White.   The  Macmillan  Company,  New  Yetk. 

«i.eo. 

On  a  lai^e  scale,  with  slow-moving  action, 
presenting  a  large  number  of  charaeten, 
this  novel  skillfully  weaves  many  sepa- 
rate threads  into  a  design  planned  from 
the  start  It  is  never  dull,  for  its  anthco' 
looks  upon  life  and  character  with  toleraiit 
humor  and  human  friendliness.  If  he  de- 
picts with  implacable  truth  the  degradation 
of  the  fool  who  believes  in  no  GSod  bat 
that  of  success,  who  uses  brain  and  tongar 
to  aid  the  rich,  the  powerful,  and  tfar 
cormpt  solely  for  gam  in  money  anii 
position,  he  also  shows  us  tiie  calm  nappt- 
ness  of  the  man  who  is  willing  to  remain 
poor  or  to  die  if  need  be  rather  than  make 
nimself  a  base  servitor  of  power  and 
money.  There  are  many  people  in  tfa« 
Western  town  here  depicted  who  staoi  . 
out  with  clearness — true  characters,  worth 
knowing.  This  is  a  book  to  read  losorelv, 
not  the  sort  of  a  story  to  be  read  tcMiar 
and  forgotten  to-morrow.  It  is  a  & 
companion  to  Mr.  White's  first  serioiu 
work  of  fiction,  "  A  Certain  Rich  Man," 
and,  like  that,  it  deals  thonghtfully  with 
big  questions  and  entertainingly  with  peo- 
ple and  life. 

¥eIlow  Sonls.  By  Dorota  Flatan.  The  Qmwp 
H.  Dotan  Company,  New  York.  SIJSO. 
A  too  elaborate  account  in  fiction  form 
of  the  malignity  of  a  German  who  cotnei 
as  a  boy  to  England  with  deep  hatred  of 
the  English  in  his  heart,  becomes  in  time  a 
banker  and  political  power,  and  all  his  fife 
acts  as  a  German  spy  and  despicable  traitor 
to  England. 

HISTORY,  POUnCAL  ^ONOMT,  AND  POUTin 
American  Cities  :  Their  Methods  of  Basi- 
ness.    By  Arthur  Benson  Gilbot,  M.A.   TW 
Macmillan  Company,  New  York.  tlJO. 
American  Negro  Slavery.   A  Surrey  ot  tb 
Supply,   Enjoyment,  ami  Oontrol  of  N'«ei* 
Labor    as    Determined     bv     the     Pbataam 
lUgime.    By  Ulrieh    Boan^l   Phillips,  PhJ>. 
D.  AppUton^fc  Co..  New  York.  »3. 
Old  Worlds  for  New.    By  Arthur  J.  IVsn. 
Sanwise  Tom,  Inc.,  3  East  TUrty-fiist  S«m<. 
New  York. 

Mr.  Penty's  remedy  for  iadostrial  wni 
is  a  return  to  earlier  and  simpler  fonns  s( 
industry.  He  would  reduce  the  great  ads*- 


Digitized  by  Va\^*^V  IV^ 


1918 


THE  OUTLOOK 


641 


The  New  Books  {Continued) 
trial  org^izations,  limit  the  use  of  machin- 
ery, restore  small  industries,  re-establish 
the  ancient  guilds,  revive  handicrafts,  and 
supplant  the  present  ambition  for  quantity 
in  mannfactore  by  an  ambition  for  quality. 
This  is  all  excellent  as  an  amelioration  of 
present  conditions,  but  inadequate  as  a  cure 
for  them.  Our  problem  is  how  to  get  the 
economic  advantages  of  producing  by  whole- 
sale withoat  paying  for  those  advantages 
the  tremendous  price  we  are  now  paying 
in  homan  lives,  sometimes  stunted,  some- 
timea  destroyed. 

Selected  Articles  on  Direct  Primaries. 
Cempaed  by  C.  E.  Faimii«.  (Debaten'  Hand- 
book Seriea.)  Fourth  and  Ravued  Edition.  The 
W.  H.  Wilson  Company,  New  York.  $1.2S. 
Trath  abont  the  Jameson  Raid  (The).  By 
John  Hays  Hammond,  as  Related  to  Alleyne 
Ireland.  The MushallJones Company,  Boston. 

TRAVKL  AND  DKSCRIFTION 
Doctor  In  War  (The).  By  Woods  Hotehinaon, 
M.D.  Blastiated.  Hongnton  Mifflin  Company, 
Boston.  32.50. 
"  This  is  the  first  war  where  the  doctor 
haa  been  given  a  free  hand,  and  he  has 
responded  by  almost  wiping  out  disease, . . . 
saving  ninety  per  cent  of  the  wounded,  and 
sending  eighty  per  cent  of  them  back 
to  the  firing  line  within  forty  days  I"  This 
optiniistic  sentence  gives  theKeynote  to  Dr. 
Woods  Hutchinson^  book.  It  u  written  in 
popular  sU'le,  and  will  appeal  to  a  wide 
aodience,  both  lay  and  professionaL  Peo- 
ple who  emphasize  the  dismal  side  of  war 
win  be  especially  benefited  by  reading  this 
book. 

Nights  in  Ix>ndon.  By  Thomas  Bnrke.  Henry 
Hdt  &  Co.,  New  York.  Sl.fiO. 
A  new  edition  of  a  volume  of  studies  of 
London  life,  redolent  of  the  flavors  of  the 
music  halls,  the  restaurants,  and  the  little- 
known  sections,  snch  as  the  Isle  of  Dogs. 
It  is  in  places  a  trifle  "  sporty  "  for  refined 
tastes,  but  it  is  exceedingly  vivid. 

Baorrd   Beetle  and  Others  (The).    By_  J. 
Henri  Fabre.  Translated  by  Alexander  Tmze- 
iim  de  Mattes.  Dodd,  Mead  A  Co.,  New  York. 
S1.60. 
M.  Fabre's  books  constitute  the  romance 
and  drama  of  insect  life.    His  American 
publishers  well  and  truly  say  :  "  Fabre  was 
a  great  magician.   He  was  the  good  fairy 
of  tne  scientific  world  writing  of  his  discov- 
eries and  observations  upon  bis  friends,  the 
insects,  with  a  keen   sense   of  humor,  a 
quick  appreciation  of  the  dramatic,  and  a 
erace  ana  charm  of  expression  that  never 
have    been    equaled    m    the    histoiy    of 
science." 

War-Time  Nerves.  By  Herbert  J.  Hall,  M.D. 
Honghton  Mifflin  Company,  Boston.  H, 
Both  doctors  and  ministers  are  learning 
the  intimate  connection  of  the  body  and 
the  spirit.  Doctors  are  learning  to  cure 
physical  diseases  b^  spiritual  remedies  and 
ministers  are  leammg  to  cure  spiritual  dis- 
eases by  physical  remedies.  And,  what  is 
perhaps  more  important,  doctors  and  min- 
isters are  learning  to  have  respect  for  each 
other  and  confidence  in  each  other  and  to 
work  together.  The  world  is  greaUy  the 
gainer.  This  lit^e  book  will  be  of  great 
value  to  any  practitioner  in  either  sphere, 
and  may  be  heartUy  commended  to  the  laj- 
man  as  well  for  its  wise  counsels  and  its 
spiritoal  fllninination. 

WAB  BOOKS 

Heroes  of  Aviation.   By  Lanrenoe  La  Tonrette 

Driggs.    mnstrated.    Little,  Brown  &   Co., 

Boston.  $1J0. 

Mr.  Drigtm  is  well  and  favorably  known 

to  readers  of  The  Outlook  as  the  author  of 

the  Arnold  Adair  stories^  which  were  so 

cordially  received  as  they  appeared  In  onr 


i^imerican  Bankers  Assi^Btion 

This  name  makes  "A.B  JV."  Cheques  recogniaed  the  world 
over  as  the  safest  form  of  travel  money. 

They  are  everywhere  known  to  be  as  good  as  gold,  be- 
cause they  bear  the  approval  of  an  Association  composed  of 
19,000  of  the  strongest  American  banks.  Hotels,  railroad 
and  steamship  companies  and  the  best  merchants  accept 
"A.B.A."  Cheques  readily,  and  50,000  banks  cash  them 
without  exchange. 

The  only  identification  needed  is  the  countersignature  of 
the  ovimer  in  the  presence  of  the  person  accepting  an 
"A.  B.  A."  Cheque. 

Get  them  at  your  bank.  If  your  own  bank  is  ik>t  yet 
supplied  with  "A.B.A."  Cheques,  write  Bankers  Trust 
Company,  New  York,  for  booklet  and  information  as  to 
where  they  may  be  obtained  in  your  vicinity. 


"A.B.A. 


99  Amesicsui 
Bankers 
Association 


Cheques 


colunms.  He  is  an  expert  on  all  matters 
relating  to  aviation,  as  well  as  a  writer  of 
spirited  and  exciting  fiction.  In  the  pres- 
ent volume  he  tells  the  achievements  of 
many  of  the  heroes  who  have  won  fame  and 
recognition  in  the  combats  of  the  air.  Cap- 
tain Guynemer,  most  famous  of  aces,  who 
had  fifty-three  victories  to  his  credit ;  Major 
Lufbery,  the  almost  equally  famous  Ameri- 
can ace,  who  had  brought  down  eight- 
een  enemy  planes  when  ne  met  his  nte ; 
Lieutenant  Fonck,  the  noted  French  ace ; 
Captain  Ball,  a  young  Englishman  whose 
record  of  German  planes  destroyed  was 
forty-three  before  he  was  killed ;  Major 
Bishop,  the  Canadian  ace,  who  is  reported 
to  have  destroyed  seventy-two  German 
planes  and  who  survives  the  war — these 
and  other  heroes  of  the  air  are  here  de- 
scribed. The  record  of  their  feats  reads 
like  exciting  fiction,  but  has  also  the  quali- 
ties of  reality  and  of  accurate  knowledge. 
The  book  is  one  that  every  boy  would  de- 
light to  read. 

With  Those  Who  Wait.  By  Frances  tiTilaon 
Hoard,  mnstrated.  The  George  H.  Doian 
Company,  New  York.    Si.BO. 

To  read  these  inspiring  stories  of  life 
behind  the  front  the  impatient  reader  finds 
himself  even  willing  to  cat  the  leaves  of 
one  of  those  abominable  books  whose  sheets 


are  left  nntrimmed  at  the  bottom  by  the 
binder.  Praise  can  go  no  further  than  this. 
But  one  must  mention  the  illnstrstions — 
they  are  as  exceptional  as  tiie  text  in  catch- 
ing the  real  Gallic  spirit. 

ICBCKLLANBOtrS 
Joseph   Pennell'B   Iiit>erty-Ix>an   Poster. 

lUostrated.    The  J.  B.  Lippinoott  Company, 
Philadelphia.  SI. 

This  technical  description  of  the^aking 
of  one  of  the  most  effective  of  the  Liberty 
Loan  posters  will  be  of  interest  to  poster- 
makers  primarily,  to  artists  generally,  and 
to  printers  who  love  their  craft.  It  would 
maJce  a  nice  and  inexpensive  Christmas  gift 
to  any  one  incladea  within  the  claraes 
namea. 

Girls'  Clabs :  Their  Organization  and 
Manaaement.  A  MannJ  for  Workers.  By 
Helen  J.  Ferris.  E.  P.  Dutton  &  Co.,  New 
York.   S2. 

Principles  of  Acoonntins.  By  William  An- 
drew Paton,  Ph.D.,  and  Knssell  Alger  Stsroi- 
son,  Ph.D.  Tha  MaomillaD  Company,  New 
York.   $.'».25. 

Unsound  Mind  and  the  Iaw  (The).  A  Pres- 
entation o{  Forensio  Psychiatry.  By  George 
W.  Jacoby,  M.D.  The  Fnnk  &  Wagnalls  Com- 
pany, New  York.  $3. 

Woman  Cittaen  (The).  A  Problem  in  Ednoa- 
tion.  By  Horaoe  A.  Hollister.  D.  Appletoa  A 
Co..  Nsw  York.  $1.75. 

Digitized  by  ^^JVJKJWli^ 


i642 

THE   NATION'S 

INDUSTRIAL 

PROGRESS 

BelieTin^  that  the  advanoe  of  bminen  is  a  mbjeet 
o{  -ntal  iDterest  and  iniportanoe.  The  Outlook  will 
present  nnder  the  above  heading  frequent  dia- 
onssions  of  subieota  of  industrial  and  oommeroial 
inteimt.  The  oepwrtnient  will  include  ^aramphs 
of  timely  interest  and  articles  of  educational  Tuue 
dealing  with  the  industrial  ui:4>uUding  of  the  Nation. 
Comment  and  suggestions  are  tnnted, 

EXTENSIVE  USE  OF  PARCEL 
POST  TRUCKS  PLANNED  BY 
POST  OFFICE  DEPARTMENT 

At  a  recent  meeting  of  the  New  York 
State  Highway  Traffic  Association  some 
interesting  plans  for  the  improvement  and 
extension  oi  parcel  post  delivery  by  motor 
track  were  discussed  by  Mr.  James  I. 
Blakeslee,  Fourth  Assistant  Postmaster- 
GeneraL 

Mr.  Blakeslee  proposed  "  that  we  use  the 
available  military  equipment  and  snch 
available  military  personnel  in  the  con- 
struction and  operation  of  a  governmental 
enterprise  that  will  be  immediately  profit- 
able and  which,  in  turn,  will  produce  suffi- 
cient revenue  to  continue  its  administra- 
tion and  operation." 

He  further  stated :  "  I  am  informed  that 
there  are  100,000  motor  vehicles  now  in 
use  or  in  process  of  construction  for  mili- 
tary purposes.  I  am  certain  that  a  vast 
number,  if  not  the  majority,  of  this  surplus 
equipment  can  be  utilized  in  the  transpor- 
tation of  merchandise  and  commodities 
through  territory  within  the  country  that 
is  not  immediately  adjacent  to  existing 
means  of  transportation  and  is  located  in 
productive  localities  where  inadequate 
means  of  conveyance  obtain.  To  properly 
utilize  such  an  enormous  number  of  mov- 
ing units  would  require  the  service  of  an 
equally  huge  army  of  individuals,  and 
thereby  provide  employment  for  thousands 
of  men  who  have  been  making  a  sacrifice 
for  us  all. 

"  One  of  the  greatest  difficulties  that 
confront  the  advocates  of  good  roads  in 
tltis  country  is  the  cost  of  construction  and 
improvement.  Therefore  I  believe  that 
there  should  be  three  different  methods  of 
meeting  the  cost  of  the  construction  and 
improvement  of  highways. 

"  First,  for  a  highway  entirely  Federal 
or  National  in  character.  This  main  line, 
or  through  connecting  National  highway, 
should  be  utilize<I  by  the  Federal  Govern- 
ment in  the  transportation  of  commodities 
upon  which  a  revenue  should  be  earned 
sufficient  to  meet  tlie  expenses  of  transpor- 
tation and  to  provide  for  the  improvement 
and  maintenance  of  the  roadway  over 
which  the  commodities  are  conveyed,  and 
I  submit  a  definite  specific  method,  one 
that  we  have  tried  and  found  profitable — 
the  conveying  of  mailable  matter,  including 
parcel  post,  at  regular  rates. 

"  There  are  in  operation  to-day  transpor- 
tation facilities  m  daily  operation  on 
through  or  connecting  hignways  from 
Portland,  Maine,  to  Richmond,  Virginia ; 
from  New  York  City  to  Chicago ;  from 
Indianapolis  to  Montgomery,  Alabama;  and 
with  an  appropriation  of  S300,000  the  post- 
age revenues  on  these  highways  and  adja- 
cent roads  leading  to  the  same  now  aver- 
ages over  $2,000^KX)  per  annum. 

"  Second,  for  a  highway  supported  by 
the  Federal  Government  and  tne  States 
and  local  subdivisions  thereof.  These  high- 


THE   OUTLOOK 

wars  should  be  known  as  feeder 

ana  located  near  trunk  lines  or  National 

highwavs  within  producing  territory. 

"Third,  for  a  highway  supported  by 
State,  county,  or  township.  This  third  defi- 
nite su^estion  includes  the  construction 
and  maintenance  of  supply  roads  to  the 
feeder  roads  that  finally  connect  with  the 
National  trunk-line  roads. 

"  The  benefits  of  the  adoption  of  snch  a 
system  of  highway  construction  can  be  ex- 
tended to  include  the  cost  of  living,  for 
through  the  complete  organization  of  a 
system  of  transportation  facilities  covering 
improved  roads  commodity  prices  that  have 
to-day  reached  exorbitant  figures  can  be 
influenced  to  a  considerable  extent. 

«We  found  that  on  October  22,  1918, 
fresh  eggs  were  selling  in  the  ci^  of  New- 
ark, New  Jersey,  at  $1  a  dozen,  when  a 
tremendous  supply  was  available  at  New 
Holland,  Pennsylvania,  a  distance  of  one 
hundred  miles  n-om  Newark,  at  sixty  cents 
a  dozen.  With  a  postal  rate  of  about  three 
cents  a  dozen,  we  could  have  possibly  de- 
livered this  prime  food  product  in  that  city 
at  from  twenty-five  to  tnirty  cents  a  dozen 
less  than  the  price  tlie  citizens  were  pay- 
ing." 

GOOD   ROADS   AS   A 
NATIONAL    NECESSITY 

In  the  issue  of  November  27  we  published 
a  short  article  by  Mr.  G.  A.  Kissel  on  the 
importance  of  g^ood  roads  with  the  great 
development  of  motor-truck  transportation. 
We  publish  herewith  a  letter  from  an 
Outlook  subscriber  referring  to  Mr.  Kissel's 
article  and  giving  an  interesting  view- point 
on  this  general  subject.  We  are  inclined  to 
agree  with  Mr.  Palma  that  trucks  should 
be  built  to  fit  the  roads  as  well  as  roads  to 
fit  the  truck. 

Willunabnig,  Pennsylvania, 
December  1,  191K. 
The  Outlook, 

381  Fourth  Avenue,  New  York  City. 
Oentlemen  : 

There  is  no  doubt  that  good  roads  may 
be  considered  a  necessity,  out  it  is  well  to 
bear  in  mind  in  considering  or  discussing 
this  old  subject  that  good  roads  in  them- 
selves do  not  constitute  the  end  souglit ; 
they  are  but  one  of  the  means  to  the  end 
sought,  that  of  cheap  and  convenient  move- 
ment of  men  and  materials  from  place  to 
place. 

One  of  the  modem  means  to  this  desired 
end  —  efficient  transportation  —  is  tlie 
commercial  power-driven  truck,  and  it  is 
open  to  question  just  at  this  time  whether 
the  required  millions  of  dollars  should  be 
spent  in  an  endeavor  to  make  indestructible 
roads,  taking  the  money  from  the  general 
taxpayer,  or  whether  something  should 
not  be  done  to  curb  those  individuals  who 
destroy  public  property,  using  roads  built 
for  the  use  of  vehicles  weighing  with  their 
load,  8ay,three  tons,  on  sufficient  wheel  con- 
tact at  a  speed  of,  say,  five  miles  per  hour, 
for  vehicles  weighing  ten  or  twelve  tons, 
with  small  diameter  wheels,  and  compara- 
tively little  road  contact  at  a  speed  that 
may  be  anything,  depending  on  the  engine 
ana  skill  and  recklessness  of  the  driver. 

It  is  true  that  our  good  roads  when  made 
may  be  criticised  as  to  their  construction. 
They  are  often  crowned  too  much,  and  they 
creep  and  wrinkle  and  disintegrate. 

It  is  also  true  that  our  present  trucks  are 
faulty  in  design,  their  wheel  diameter  is  too 
small  and  in  width  has  not  enough  contact 
with  the  road. 

It  might  be  desirable  to  lay  steel  strips, 


18  X'occiusv 


THE  ADVENTURES  Of 
ARNOLD  ADAffi 

AMERICAN  ACE 

TtjANY  readers  of  The  Outlook 
will  remember  with  pleas- 
ure those  interesting  stories  by 
Laurence  La  Tourette  Driggs, 
"The  Adventures  of  Arnold 
Adair,  American  Ace,"  that 
were  published  in  The  Outlook 
some  months  ago.  These  stories, 
with  many  additional  adventures 
of  Arnold,  have  been  published 
in  book  form  by  Little,  Brown 
&  Co.,  the  well-known  Boston 
publishers.  It  is  a  handsomely 
bound  volume  of  over  three 
hundred  pages,  containing  many 
illustrations  from  original  draw- 
ings and  photographs,  and  will 
make  a  most  attractive  Christmas 
Gift.  The  retail  price  of  the 
book  is  $1.85  net.  By  special 
arrangement  with  the  publisher 
we  are  able  to  offer  it  in  com- 
bination with  a  yearns  subscrip- 
tion to  The  Outlook  at  the  special 
price  of  $4. 85  for  the  book  and 
the  subscription.  Only  a  limited 
number  of  volumes  are  available 
for  this  offer,  which  will  be  with- 
drawn when  our  present  supply 
is  exhausted. 

Fin  out  the  accompanjring  order  fbra  •a' 
return  to  us  at  once  with  remittuica  ti 
$4.35;  we  wrill  extend  your  aabscripiiea 
for  one  year,  whatever  the  preeeat  i^ 
of  ezpiratioD  may  now  be,  and  'IV 
Adventure*  of  Arnold  Adur"  irill  beMBl 
to  you  immediately,  carefully  protectad 
from  damage  in  transit,  all  cliar(ea  pc«yiM 
This  offer  alto  applies  to  a  neir  auLeuip 
tion,  but  does  not  apply  in  Ibc  cue 
of     subscriptions     sent     throogli 


THE  OUTLOOK  COMPANY 
381  Fourth  Ave.,  New  York 

I  endow  Four  DtriUn  ftod  Thirty-llT«  C«>itftf  for  «b»4 
|dmw  Mnd  m«  "The  Adreoturea  of  AnwU  A^tit."  d 
chftTgea  prepaid,  and  cnt«r  mj  ■nbaov^ition  to  Tbr  0>ll^ 
for  one  year  (or  renew  for  one  ye^r  from  pt«giat  40f  ^ 
expizmtioD} ,  tn  acoonUnoe  wUfa  the  temtf  of  yoDT  ^«M  tf * 


Name. 


Addftu. 


Digitized  by  V:> 


OOgh 


L918 


THE  OUTLOOK 


643 


THE  OUTLOOK  CLASSIFIED  ADVERTISING  SECTION 

AdTertiatn^  Kates :  Hotels  and  Reaorta,  Apartraenta,  Tonn  fcnd  Tmrel,  Real  Estate,  lire  Stook  and  Poultry,  fifty  oenta  per  ante  line, 
four  eolnnin*  to  the  page.  Mot  leas  than  four  lines  aooepted.  In  oaloolatins  apaoe  required  for  an  adrertiaement,  connt  an  average  of  six  w<wda  to  the 
line  nnleas  diapUy  type  is  desired. 

"Want"  aavertiaements,  nnder  the  yariona  headings,  "'Board  and  Rooma,"  "  Help  Wanted,"  eto... ten  oents  for  each  word  or  imtial,  IncIadlnK 
tJie  address,  for  eaoh  insertion.  The  first  word  of  eaoh  "  Want "  advertiseiuent  is  set  in  caintal  letters  without  additional  chturge.  Other  words 
may  be  set  in  capitals,  if  desired,  at  double  rates.  If  anawera  an  to  be  addressed  in  eare  of  The  Ontlook,  t'wenty-five  oents  ia  ohuged  for  the  box 
nninber  named  in  the  aidvertiaement.  Repliea  will  be  forwarded  by  na  to  the  advertiser  and  bill  for  postage  rendered.  Special  headings  appropriate  to 
the  department  may  be  arrayed  for  on  application. 

Ordets  and  oopy  for  Claaaified  Advertiaementa  moat  be  reoeived  with  remittanoe  ten  days  before  the  date  of  iasoe  when  it  ia  intended  the  advertiae- 
ineat  iImU  fiiat  appear. 

Address:  ADVERTISIMO  DEPARTMENT,  THE  OUTLOOK,  881  FOURTH  AVENUE,  NEW  YORK  CTTT 


Hotels  and  Resorts 

rLORIDA 


DAYTOMA,  ri^OBIDA 

Jmaol  Wmter  Raori 

PALMETTO  HOTEL 


,  whole  block  wsterfrant,  own 

lAiiC  boating,  fiahing,  hunting,  golf, 

fee.  JM-M  var  day.  Excellent  cooked  meale. 

ferial  wMkly  or  aeaaou  mtea.    Booklet  A. 


UUBDA-Eastlake-oii.UkeWeir 

nd  room,  fl&  per  week.    Among 
CTOTe*  overkwsfaig  beaatlfnl  Ukka 


and  room,  fl&  per  week. 
,  -  ocsnKe  ffroTes  overloofchiK  bflaiit»«  ..._. 
yefa-.  Mis.  M^aASST  Huxjl,  KatkAe,  Fla. 


ha 


SAypMtm^   COTTAGES 


teatilcted  raidentisl  naoit  nesr  famoiu 
telteair  OoU  Uakh.  Ante  nrrlce  to  St. 
'etenbon:  sod  Clearwster.  Cotngea  fni^ 
iWiad-all  city  oooTeniences  fKW  to  taoo 
or  aaaaofi.  Snrt  Bathing.  Boating.  Flihbg. 
las  Foods.  KniHs.  Ihmpa  Oflloe,  Citteens 
lank  BUg.  St.  Petenlmrg  0<Ba^  Pofauettla 
Iot«IBl%.  Send  for  UlniSnitod  (oldar. 
Wys  B«sA  DiTilipaial  Cn.  »oi  0.  hfcs  hcb.  Fk 


MASSACHU  SETT 8 


HOTEL  PURITAN 

CoDaonwcaHh  Ave.  ftoaton 

THE  DISTINCnVC  BOSTON  HOUSt 

Gloit  TtaMcn  ad  Dm  Parttan  oat  of 

no  i>o><  lunfniit  holiUllllhKrocM. 

Yaar  InaulrMs  duly  iMwcrtd 

and  egboolilft  wtlltil— »~» 


f  Tea  Are  Tired  or  Net  Fediaf  Well 

'on  cannot  find  a  mon  comfortable  plsce  in 
Mew  Knglaud  than 

rHE  WELDON  HOTEL 

OBBBNFIBI.D.  MASS. 
t  aSoida  all  the  oomtotta  o(  home  without 


lEW    YORK 


Philipse  Manor  Inn 

MRECTLT  ON  THE  HUDSON  RIVEI 

Advantagea  of  a  home  withont  Ita  reaponai- 
AUtiea.  Kaiy  commuting.  Attrmotire  for 
re*k.«iids.  Addreai  North  Tarrytown.  Teia- 
baoe,  Tarrytown  IW. 

wew    YORK   C  ITY 

Hotel  Le  Marquis 

31st  Straat  A  Fifth  Ayamie 

New  York 

•very  ooaTanlenoa   and   home 

i  «wmaoida  ttaalf  to  paople  of 

I  ■fahing  to  live  oa  American  Plan 


■4  be  wttWa  easy  raaoh  a<  aodal  and  dra- 


>T" 


^sa<  bath  •USfwrdsy  with  maala,  or 

•.Wparday  wItlKnt  meak. 
IIhiatata4     Booklet    Cjsdlr     sent 


sqnaat. 


JOK 


.  TOLSOI 


Hotels  and  Resorts 


NEW    YORK  CITY 


HOTEL  JUDSON  »,S.J'8'551"r?- 

fedtoiniiiK  Judaon  Memorial  Ohurob.  Rooma 
with  and  wlUioot  bath.  Batea  S3.W  per  day, 
BDcladinK  meala.  Bpedal  rates  for  two  waaka 
or  mora.  Location  reiy  central.  Convenient 
to  all  elevated  and  atreet  car  lines. 


NORTH    CAROLINA 


NORTH   CAROLINA 

OffBTB  thlB  WiQAOTl  A  Varied  Mid  tl>- 

tpresting:  sohHiiIft  of  nports  and 

iMuttiirie**.  Kolf-  trjip  shotit- 

I II  jf  —  ra<Tii  K— ri  <l  i  n  jj- <!  r  i  V- 

ins— "»t>toi'iii(c— t*^iii»ii 

CAROLINA    HOTEL 

now  open 

Delightful    weather    in  Decem- 
ber—like Iftte  Fall  in 

New  Knglaud. 

For    Rrxtrt'otioni'   or 

Jitjoruinlion  addres.%  : 

General   OfHcc.   Piaehont,  Nortk 

Carolina,  or   LEONARD    TUFTS. 

282  CoDsrcH  St.,  Bottoa 


SOUTH    CAROLINA 


The  KIRKWOOD 

On  Camden  Helchts 

SOUTH   CAROLINA 

OPEK  JANUARY  TO  MAT. 

18-hoIe  Oolf.  RIdInK,  Climate 

T.  EDMUND  KRUMBHOLZ. 


Health  Resorts 


I  INnFNITk  i*-l  Placa  iar  Sick 
n    ■_:  i  PaaaJalaCalWdl 

DerlatowB,  ra.  Iad  fautltation  deroted  to 
the  pataoaal  atudr  and  apecialiied  treat- 
ment of  the  inTalid.  Maaiage,  Electricity, 
Hydrotherapy.  Applyfor  circular  to 
RontsT  iiOTnrcoTT  WAXTsa,  M.D. 
(hue  of  The  Walter  Banluriiim) 


•*INTERPINES'» 

Beautlfn],  gnlat,  reatful  and  homelika.  Orer 
38  yeara  ofauooaaaful,  work.  ^Tliorough,  r«- 


Hable,  dependable  and  etbloU.  Every  com* 
tort  and  oanTenteooe.  Aooommodatiooa  of 
anparlor quality.  Disorder oftheoerTOuai 


auparlor  quality.  Disorder  of  tlie  oerroaasya* 
tem  aapiialty.^Frod.  W.8»»»rd,  Br^  M.D^ 
rrad.  wTSewiuil.  Jr,  M.D.,  Ooahao.  N.  T. 


Health  Resorts 


Sanford     Hall.    est.   1841 

Private  Hospital 
For  Mental  and  Nervous  Diseases 

Comfortable,  homelike  snrronnd- 
ings ;  raodem  methods  of  treatment ; 
competent  nnrses.  IS  acres  of  lawn, 
parK,  flower  aod  vegetable  gardens. 
Food  the  best.    Write  for  boMet. 

Sanford  Hall  Flushing  New  York 


Great  View   Sanatorium 


OreenwIch.Ct.  F)rat.claaainallraapecta, 
H.  M.  UrrcBOOOK.  M.D. 


hone  ooniforta. 


Dr.  Reeves'  Sanitarium 

A  Private  Home  for  chronic,  nerrona,  and 
'  kl  patlenta.  A  lao  elderly  people  requiring 
Harriet  E.  Raevea,  M.D.,  Malroae,  Maaa. 


BUSiWESS  OPPORTU N IT1ES 

NOVEL  KTOcery  eatsMiahment ;  profltable, 
dignified.  attcactlTe.  Few  thnuaana  required. 
Harria-Dlbble  Company,  171  Madiaoo  Ave., 
New  York. 


CHRISTMAS    OIFTS 

COPLET  CRAFT  CHRISTMAS  CARDS. 
BandKwIored,  with  ipedally  ^>pKnirist« 
▼eraea.  Beat  on  approval.  Cooalgiimenta  for 
aalea.  DIaoounta  to  tnoae  aelliiig  amongf rienda. 
Jeane  A.  McNicol,  U  Hnntin|[ton  Ave.,  Boa- 
ton,  " — 


HELP  WANTED 


Companions  aad  DomoatIo  Halpera 

8UFERINTENDENT8,  aecretariee,  gov- 
emeaaee,matrona,dietitiana,  mothera*  helpers, 
comsaniona,  etc.  The  Wilton  Kirhsnge,  Box 
370,  BtTjoeeph,  Michigan. 

WANTED  —  Capable  woman  aa  woridng 
houaekeeper  in  family  of  two  In  Boutham 
city.  «,mS,  Outlook. 

MOTHER'S  helper  wanted  to  aaaiat  with 
care  of  two  children,  four  yeara  and  Infant. 
Muat  be  refined  and  wHUns  to  help  with 
npatalra  work.  Ref  erencea.  «,4M,  Outlook. 

WANTED-Motber'a  aaaiatant.  Coimecti- 
cnt.  Education,  refinement,  more  neceaaary 
than  ezperienoe.  Addreaa  S,4M,  Ontlook. 


HELP  WANTED 


T*aoh«rs  and  Qovernasaoa 

WANTED— Competent  teacher*  for  public 
and  private  sclioola  and  collegea.  Send  for  bulk 
letin.  Albany  Teaclien'  Agency,  Albany,  N.T. 

WANTED— Nursery  govemeaa  for  boy  of 
four  yeara,  girl  of  nine  yeaia.  Reference  re. 
quired.  6^  Outlook. 

WANTED,  after  the  hoUdaya,  in  small  girk' 
school  in  New  York  State,  teiwber  for  few 
hours'  grade  work  dailyin  return  for  good 
home  and  email  aalary.  Write,  giving  experi- 
ence and  referencea,  6,446,  Outlook. 


SITUATIONS   WANTED 


Bualnasa  Situations 

AN  educated  American  woman  dealrea  posi- 
tion—artcraft,  houaekeeping,  or  gardening. 
6,442,  Outlook. 

ComDanlonsand  Domoatic  Helpora 

TRAINED  nurse  wlahea  consumptive  pa- 
tient.Miaa  Oorthman,48  W.  20th  8t.,New  Tork. 

POSITION  deaired  by  cultured  kdy  (young 
widow,  knowledge  of  muaic  and  Fivnch)  to 
travel  and  ohM>sron  young  woman ;  or  super- 
Tiaing  manaaer  of  gentleman's  home,  Boutli- 
west  or  Middle  Statea  preferred.  Credsntiala 
exchanged.  A.  T.,  Ctli,  Outkxik. 

O0VERNE8S.campanlon  wanta  Southern 
home  in  return  for  aerricea.  Uoapital  tivlued. 
^44(l,  Outlook. 

CAPABLE  ladT  deairea  poaltlan  aa  naeful 
traveling  companion  for  winter.  Personal  ref. 
erencea.  345  Yale  Station,  New  Haven,  Conn. 

EXPERIENCED  nndergraduate  male  nuraa 
(nuasige.  Battle  Creek    Sanitarium   treat- 


Sanltaxium. 

COMPANION  or  attendant  to  elderly  lady 
or  young  girl.  8,447,  Outkmk. 

WANTED,  by  woman  of  dignity  and 
aUUty,  with  year*  of  experienoe  In  boarding 
achoola  and  inlvate  f  amiliea,  poaMon  aa  man- 
aging houaekeeper  or  honaemother  where 
children  are  motherless.  6,462,  Outlook. 

Taachara  and  Cksvernaaaaa 

FRENCH  govemeaa  with  experience  wiahee 
ppeition  In  good  family.  Beat  referencea. 
Write  to  H.  fi.  B.,  care  Madame  Caaaaae,  13* 
Mariner  St.,  Buffalo,  N.  T. 


MISCELLANEOUS 


PATRIOTISM  by  Lrman  Abbott,  also  4 
veraea  of  America— The  Pledge  to  tlie  Flag— 
}  verses  al  The  Star-Bpanglad  Banner,  all  hi  a 


by  dlatribating  In  your  1 


_, jng  In  your  letters,  in] 

opea,  in  •oboola,  cnurdiee,  otaba,  and  aocial 


,  in  pay  envel. 


prepaid  for  30  oenta. 
ntchdrTN.  J. 


nan  A  Co.  Shopping  Agency, 
.  No  diarge ;  prompt  denvery. 
New  York. 


rthnr  M.  Morae,  Monb 

M.  W.  WIghtman  A  Co.  Sboi 
eatabliahedfaw.  Nodi 
44  Weet  31d  Bt,  New  I 

MIDDLE4g«d  woman,  good  tsmtly,  ex- 
perieneed  care  of  ofalldien,  will  take  normal 
chlM,  age  one  to  three,  to  care  for  at  her 
home,  healthful  hill  country,  hour  from  city. 
Refereooas.  Bslsry  |60.  6,««,  Outlook. 


0<>od  BaatiM  ai  a  National  Necestity  (CmtinaeiO 
nr  specuiIlY  designed  T-raila  with  surface 
Insh  with  tne  road  sarface  for  nse  of  heavy 
mcka,  and  it  also  might  be  desirable  to 
nnst  on  tracks  being  famished  with  gov- 
imors  which  allow  a  certain  maximum 
ipeed  according  to  a  formula  to  be  devisetl, 
tfid  in  which  the  factors  would  be  speed, 
oad,  and  effective  road  contact,  moaifietl 
>y  a  factor  expressing  the  efficiency  of  tlie 
■esilient  memoers  interposed  between  tlie 
■oad  and  the  load. 

This  aabject  of  roads  vernu  vehicles  is 
t  vital  one  and  well  worthy  of  the  attention 
>f  a  Federal  commission,  and  I  would  re- 
ip«ctfally  suggest  that  The  Outlook  use  its 
nflnenee  to  uie  end  that  the  interest  of  all 
oaj  be  conserved.         Yoora  truly, 

F.  J.  "Bjomx. 


YOUR  WANTS 

in  every  line  of  household,  educational,  business,  or  personal 
service — domestic  workers,  teachers,  nurses,  business  or  profes- 
sional assistants,  etc.,  etc. — whether  you  require  help  or  are 
seeking  a  situation,  may  be  filled  through  a  little  announcement 
in  the  classified  columns  of  The  Outlook.  If  you  have  some 
article  to  sell  or  exchange,  these  columns  may  prove  of  real 
value  to  you  as  they  have  to  many  others.  Send  for  descriptive 
circular  and  order  blank  AND  FILL  YOUR  WANTS.  Address 


Deportment  of  Classified  Advertising, 

THE   OUTLOOK,  381  Fourth  Avenue,  New  York 

Digitized  by 


oogle 


644 


THE   OUTLOOK 


BY  THE   WAY 


New  Yorkers  who  have  occation  to  stop 
at  the  subway  station  at  Broadway  and 
Canal  Street  may  find  there  a  curious  com- 
mentary on  the  history  of  Manhattan 
Island.  The  books  tell  us  that  in  the  early 
days  a  rapid  stream  found  its  way  to  the 
North  Kver  from  the  Collect  Pond  by  way 
of  the  depression  that  was  later  to  be 
known  as  "  Canal "  Street  Notwithstand- 
ing the  endeavors  of  centuries  to  suppress 
this  stream,  it  still  exists  and  defies  the 
engineers.  A  current  of  water  of  consider- 
able volume  runs  between  tlie  tracks  even 
now,  and  the  dripping  moisture  that  exudes 
from  the  walls  snows  the  presence,  proba- 
bly, of  the  springs  that  fea  the  stream  of 
New  Amsterdam's  days.  - 

The  Frenchman's  dignified  hospitality 
has  rarely  been  better  illustrated  than  in  a 
story  toU  in  the  "  Atlantic  "  by  an  Amer- 
ican who  visited  all  that  the  Grermans  had 
left  of  a  magnificent  ch&teau  in  "  heroic 
France."  The  French  owner  received  his 
guests  in  a  tiny  bedroom  furnished  with  a 
narrow  cot,  a  rickeUr  chair,  and  a  cracked 
ewer  and  basin.  "  I  am  not  in  a  position," 
he  said,  "  to  offer  you  a  cup  of  tea,  but  a 
glass  of  tea  you  stiall  have.  And  the  sin- 
gle ancient  servitor,  her  head  bandaged 
for  injuries  inflicted  by  the  Grermans, 
served  the  tea  in  chipped  tumblers,  passuu; 
from  hand  to  hand  tne  single  spoon  which 
the  ch&teau  afforded ! 

Here  is  a  joke  (from  the  "American 
Printer  ")  that  book  lovers  will  appreciate. 
A  New  York  printer  ordered  several  hun- 
dred dollars'  worth  of  hand-made  paper, 
and,  knowing  stock-cutters'  ways  and 
weaknesses,  and  fearing  they  would  trim 
off  these  precious  rougn  edges,  he  wrote 
on  the  job  instruction  envelope,  "  Save 
deckel  edges."  Several  days  afterward  a 
bundle  was  placed  on  his  desk.  "  What's 
this  ?"  he  asked  in  surprise.  "  Oh,  them's 
the  deckel  edges  you  onlered  saved." 

A  New  York  Bible  student  finds  that  the 
armistice  was  signed  at  the  eleventh  hour 
of  the  eleventh  &,y  of  the  eleventh  month 
of  the  year ;  and  that  the  eleventh  verse  of 
the  eleventh  chapter  of  the  eleventh  book  of 
the  Bible  reads  thus  concerning  an  ancient 
long.  The  passage  has  a  present-day  appli- 
cation: 

. .  .  FotasmiiKh  as  this  u  done  of  thae,  and  thon 
hast  not  kept  mj  oovemuit  and  my  statntes,  which 
I  have  cot&manded  thee,  I  will  sorely  rend  the 
kingdom  bom  thee,  and  will  give  it  to  thy  servant. 

A  physician  who  practices  in  a  mining 
camp  writes  thus  ot  some  of  his  experi- 
ences to  a  medical  journal:  "  A  heavy-set 
miner  enters  the  office.  'Gosh,  doc,'  he 
says,  <I  think  I've  got  this  Spanish  fly !'  A 
swarthy  Czech  complains  of  a  piece  of  coal 
in  his  eye.  I  remove  it  and  ask, '  How  does 
it  feel?'  After  winking  a  couple  of  times  he 
says :  *  I  guess  he  gone.   I  no  hear  him.' " 

Theatrical  managers  predict  g^at  pros- 
perity for  theaters  with  the  end  of  the  war. 
Oqe  says,  in  a  humorous  vein  bom  of  Us 
optimism :  "  Suppose  I  was  a  fairly  well- 
to-do  man  in  a  town  similar  to  Bea  Bank, 
Kalamazoo,  etc.  The  boys  from  the  other 
side  will  come  home  broke,  or  very  near 
it — ^hungry  for  amusement.  I  would  take 
pleasure  in  taking  them  to  every  show  that 
came  to  town."  L:  may  be  doubted  whether 
the  men  will  come  home  as  "broke"  as 
many  actors  have  been  during  the  war,  but 
«ertaiiil^  everybody  will  want  to  give  them 
.a  good  time.  Another  manager  says :  "  New 
war  plays  will  not  be  proauced  until  Uw 


war  has  receded  into  the  background  of 
men's  thoughts  and  lives.  Then,  I  am  sure, 
we  shall  have  the  great  masterpiece  of  the 
war.  With  the  coming  of  peace  the  thea- 
ters will  enter  upon  me  most  prosperous 
time  in  their  history." 

Philadelphia  is  to  dig  a  35-foot  channel 
to  the  sea,  according  to  "  Shipping."  Phila- 
delphia's gain  in  export  trade  last  year 
makes  suck  a  project  worth  while,  for  it 
amounted  to  50  per  cent,  as  against  New 
York  City's  gain  of  only  5  per  cent,  Balti- 
more's gain  of  30  per  cent,  and  Boston's  of 
27  per  cent. 

John  D.  Bockefeller,  Jr.,  tells  this  story 
about  himself:  "I  was  standing  in  die 
center  of  a  group  of  soldiers,  when  one  of 
their  numl^r,  an  Italian,  went  up  to  a 
Y.  M.  C.  A.  secretary  and  said, '  Which  is 
this  man  Rockefeller?'  The  secretary  re- 
plied, '  That  is  he,  over  there  among  those 
men.'  The  Italian  came  over,  looked, 
stopped,  listened,  and  finally  went  back  to 
the  secretary  and  said, '  Come,  stop  your 
fooling,  that  s  not  him  ;  tell  me  which  he 
is.'  Whereupon  the  secretary  replied  that 
it  was  I,  to  which  the  Italian  answered, 
« Why,  that's  a  man,  that's  no  devil.'  "  The 
moral  which  Mr.  Bockefeller  draws  is  that 
when  men  meet  each  other  face  to  face 
they  get  different  impressions  than  those 
gained  by  hearsay. 

A  book  about  Grerman  spies  in  the 
United  States  tells  a  story  that  shows  bow 
difficult  it  is  to  conceal  the  facts  regarding 
the  payment  of  large  sums  of  money.  One 
of  uie  Grerman  agents  in  New  York  Ci^ 
instructed  his  bank  to  pay  certain  checks 
on  demand,  without  identification  of  the 
payee  and  without  requiring  his  indorse- 
ment of  the  check.  But  when  the  first  check 
was  presented  a  careful  teller  asked  the 
banks  vice-president  about  its  unusual 
character.  Looking  at  the  man  who  had 
presented  the  check,  the  official,  a  German- 
American,  exclaimed :  "  Mein  Gott !  Dot  is 
deVolf  df  Vail  Street !  I  hope  von  Rintelen 
hasn't  fallen  into  his  hands !"  This  conver* 
sation  was  used  later  to  identify  the  payee 
in  court. 

Here  u  "  Life's "  fine  distinction  as  to 
the  methods  and  ethics  of  certain  art  deal- 
ers :  "  Customer — '  Will  you  gplve  ma  a 
written  guarantee  that  it's  a  genuine  Van 
Dyke  ?'  Dealer — '  I  can't  do  mat,  madam, 
but  I'll  give  you  my  word  of  honor.' " 

*'The  giver  without  the  gift  is  bare." 
So  the  nmiliar  line  appeared  in  The 
Outlook  of  November  20.  A  subscriber 
good-naturedly  calls  our  attention  to  the 
transposition ;  the  line  of  course  should 
read,  "  The  gift  without  the  giver  is  bare." 
That  the  printing  tjrpes  should  have  made 
Lowell  thus  say  an  undisputed  thing  in  such 
a  solemn  way  is  an  evidence  that  they,  like 
some  types  of  humanity,  are  "  good  mixers." 

"  Country  Life  "  (London)  advertises  in 
a  recent  issue  an  auction  sale  of  part  of  a 
British  landed  estate  whose  size  might 
cause  even  our  biggest  ranch-owners  to  uft 
their  eyebrows.  This  consists  of  "  the  north- 
em  portions  of  the  Sutherland  Estates," 
extending  to  an  area  of  209,143  acres !  This 
vast  tract  of  hundreds  of  square  miles, 
however,  is  only  a  small  part  of  the  hold- 
ings of  the  Duke  of  Sutherland,  which 
amount  to  "about  1,358,600  acres."  The 
tract  to  be  sold,  it  is  announced,  "  affords 
the  opportunity  to  acquire  the  whole  length 
of  the  famous  salmon  riverSt  the  Naver  and 
Halladale." 


U.  S.  Army  or  Navy 
Red  Cross,  Y.  M.  C  A. 
and  Allied  OrganizaticMU 

Lettos  of  Credit,  «4uch  are  die  safest  and 
most  convenient  medium  for  canjring  funds, 
are  issued  by  us,  free  of  cofnmswiom, 
to  those  engaged  in  war  work. 


We  havm  alio  sent  oar  Ammrican  raprs- 
mmntatlpm  to  Framem  for  (A«  canssmanea 
of  oar  frimttJt,  with  hmadamartar*  at 
Ihm  otfico  of  thm  Cradit  Commmraiat 
do  Franco.   30  Raa  Lafajmtto.    Faria. 


BROWN  BROTHERS  &  CO. 

Philadelphia  NEW  YORK  Baatae 

BROWN,  SHIPLEY  &  COMPANT 

Fomvlen  Conrt,  Lothbnry  Ot&cm  tot  Tmakn 

LONDON,  K.  C.  Ul  Pall  Man,  I<OHI>OH,  a  V. 


Don't  Wear 
a  Truss 

Brooks*    AppKaace,    tbe 

nodem  adentific  favention.the 
wondofnl  new  discovery  ■" — ' 
relieves  mjiture,  will  be  _«» 
ontriaL  No oboMrinus apringsl 
or  pads. 

ftrooka*  Rnptnre  ^pfiance 

Ras  automatic  Air  Cnshinna.  Binds  sad 
draws  the  broken  parts  tosether  aa  you  would 
a  liroken  limb.  No  aalvea.  No  Ues.  Dnrabk, 
cbeapL  Sent  CO  trial  to  prove  it.  Prat)ectc<l  br 
U.  &  patents.  Catalog  and  meeaare  tdanks 
mailed  free.  Send  name  and  addreaa  today. 
rCa..4nD. 


■■.&■.• 


The  InhalatKMTrMt- 

mant  for  Whoopiar- 

Coagli, 

Croup,     Colds,    Ca- 

tarrh.  Asthma, 

Emuished  ure         cUtia,  Coughs. 

simple,  safe  And  efltetlTV,  avvldlDg  liitemal  ifc^a. 

Vftporiced  Crecolea  e  ralltTflS  the  p«n»7ms  of  wlavlM- 
CouiCsaildSpASiDodle  Ctoup«oac»;ttni|j«Ae  i-w— a** 
beftcc  It  hfts  ft  chftBce  to  4e.«lop  falo  •onasMac  ««m,  ni 
■spcrtaaca  fhowt  tlut  ft   tUfUtttd  e»tj  is  m  rfwytpi.i  oU. 

Vin.  BftllloKton  Booth  nji :  ••  Urn  fiadlT.  vkn  •■■ 
mraamt  eUUra.  iknU  ko  wSkoM  lUi  iama." 

Tne  ftfr  CBirylny  the  ftB  Uieptic  .mpoc,  Irihalnt  wah  ..WT 
brcftth.  nukes  tsefttUoc  floay  and  eeUcva  «h*  enccMb^ 
ftSDirlDC  icnAd  nights. 

It  Is  called  ft  *eMt  br  Astbaift  atffavis. 

Foe  the  broocblftt  comi>Ucatloasof  Scariet  FcwaaJM* 
■les,  and  as  ftn  ftid  In  the  tveatnwnt  o(  DIpltlhohk  daaat 
U  vftluable  on  account  of  Its  pooeilbl  (cnnkidkl  q^MWca 

n  la  a  yteteeSea  le  fksea  sipsss<. 

Ciesoleno's  best  lecoauoendaliao  la  feast  feats  claeca» 
fkil  use. 

Sold  by  Drtissbta.  Sead  Car  d««ofiiKi»a  k»Ma 
Try  Crtfolcae  Andaoillc  Thient  TftMets  fee  the  kiM*' 
thniat,  composed  of  sllppefy  elm  boric,  Kcorice,  Oigsr  «■ 
Cfesotene.  They  cant  ham  jrou.  Of  yam  AMm^iHL  m  tm 
us,  IOC  In  stamps. 

TBEVAPO^aUSOLnn  CO.,aC«lhB*k.ihaTal  I 
or  Leemiag'MUes  Bulldtejf.  lloatieal.  C-ft— da  j 


Digitized  by  VJWVJVIV^ 


THE   OUTLOOK 


645 


DISTRUST  THE  TURK 

To  the  Editors  of  The  Outlook  : 

There  appears  to  be  a  propaganda  in  the 
daily  press  and  in  some  magazines  in  behalf 
of  tne  Turks'  declarations,  purporting  to  be 
made  by  the  Sultan,  by  the  heir-apparent, 
or  by  committees  of  distinguished  Turkish 
citizens,  disavowing  all  responsibility  for 
the  Armenian  massacres,  promising  ade- 
quate reform,  inviting  American  co-opera- 
tion in  such  reform,  and  pledging  punish- 
ment of  the  guilty. 

The  Arabs  have  a  tradition  that  when 
Shait&n  was  laying  his  plan  for  establish- 
ing his  kingdom  on  earth  he  collated  in 
seven  bags  all  possible  lies,  and  started  to 
distribute  them  over  the  face  of  the  earth. 
But,  realizing  the  importance  of  his  errand 
and  desiring  to  conserve,  his  Satanic  ener- 
gies, he  lay  down  on  the  mountains  of  Syria 
to   take   a  restful  nap,  and  while  asleep 
some  one  with  the  inquisitiveness  of  Pan- 
dora cat  the  fastenings  of  six  of  the  bags, 
and  the  hes  therein  contained — namely,  six- 
sevenths  of  the  visible  supply  for  the  whole 
globe — became  localized  in  the  regions  con- 
stituting the  Turkish  Empire.  The  attitude 
of  the  present  rulers  of  Turkey,  who  are 
engaged  in  that  fearful  looking  for  a  judg- 
ment  to  come  that  John  Bunyan  has  so 
graphically  pictured  (lacking  only  the  ele- 
ment of  true  repentance  that  characterized 
John  Bunyan's  hero),  doesn't  differ  at  all 
from  that  which  has  been  preserved  in  the 
declarations  of  our  own  State  Department. 
In  the  publication  entitled  "  Foreign  Rela- 
tions ot  tlie  United  States,"  at  page  657, 
edition  of  1914,  is  the  record  of  the  appeal 
made  to  the  Government  of  the  United 
States   for  intervention   in  behalf  of  the 
Armenians  in  1909.   The  Department  of 
State   asserted   that  it,  in  this  particular 
massacre  and  in  times  past,  had  not  looked 
on  unmoved,  but  had  always  wished  that  it 
lutd  the  power  to  prevent  snch  suffering, 
but  was  convinced  of  its  powerlessness  to 
act.  It  declared,  having  doubtless  received 
assurances   from  Constantinople,  through 
the  United  States  Minister,  holding  roseate 
views  of  the  effect  of  the  Ponstitution  on 
the  emergence  of  what  was  supposed  to  be 
a  new  element  in  Turkish  political  life  : 
It  is  no  longer  a  qnestion  of  dealing  with  a 
government  implioated  in  tbe  Armenian  ma»- 
ncr«s.    It  ia  honestly  believed  that  the  best 
oonrae  noir  for  the  betterment  of  the  nnfortn- 
nat«  people  concerned  is  to  exhibit  a  degree  of 
confidence  in  the  newly  establiahed  oonstitn- 
tional  government,  whou  Sullan  hat  solemnly 
frodaitned  to  Parliament  hit  horror  over  the 
awful  slaughter  of  hit  subjects ;  his  firm  inten- 
tion to  punish  the  guilty  and  his  purpose  to  use 
his  fullest  power  to  maintain  peace,  justice,  and 
tranquillity  through  his  dominions,  and  among  all 
races  and  rtligionistt. 

I  am  warranted  in  my  application  of  the 
foregoing  action  by  the  additional  clause  in 
this  very  statement  by  our  Department  of 
State: 

The  hopeful  promise  of  reform  seems  to  be 
convincing  by  the  recent  official  reportt  from 
Turkey  that  the  Constitutional  OoTemment  is 
taking  vigorous  methods  for  the  complete 
restoration  of  order  in  Asia  Minor,  for  a  rigid 
investigation  of  the  massacres,  and  for  the 
effective  military  protection  of  the  disturbed 
districts,  all  of  which,  it  is  hoped,  will  be  able 
to  prevent  a  recurrence  of  the  recent  lamrn- 
table  events  which  are  deplored  as  keenly  by 
tbe  President  as  they  can  be  by  any  citizen. 

The  United  States  did   nothing   then. 
And  it  has  done  nothine  since,  eitlier  to  in- 
sure the  carrying  out  of  the  then  expected 
investigation,  punishments,  restoration  of 
(Continued  on  page  64'!^ 


False  Notions 
On  Teeth-Cleaning 

Ail  Statements  Approved  by  High  Dental  Authorities 


They  Ignore  the  Fihn 


The  old  idea  of  brushing  teeth  was  to  re- 
move food  particles.  Some  ways  also  aimed 
to  polish  teeth. 

But  time  soon  proved  those  methods 
insufficient.  Teeth  still  discolored,  still  de- 
cayed. Tartar  formed,  and  pyorrhea  remained 
undiminished.  Statistics  show  that  tooth 
troubles  constantly  increased. 

Millions  of  users  have  discovered  that  the 
tooth  brush  fails  to  save  their  teeth. 

Now  science  knows  the  reason.  It  lies  in  a 
film — a  slimy  film — which  dentists  call  bacte- 
rial plaque.  It  constantly  forms  on  the  teeth, 
and  it  clings.    It  gets  into  crevices,  hardens 


and  stays.  Old-time  bmshing  methods  could 
not  properly  combat  it. 

That  film  is  what  discolors,  not  the  teeth. 
It  hardens  into  tartar.  It  holds  food  substance 
which  ferments  and  forms  acid.  It  holds  the 
acid  in  contact  with  the  teeth  to  cause  decay. 

Millions  of  germs  breed  in  it.  They,  with 
tartar,  are  the  chief  cause  of  pyorrhea.  Thus 
tooth  troubles  are  largely  traced  to  that  film. 

Science  now  has  found  a  way  to  combat  that 
'filpi.  It  has  proved  itself  to  many  able  authori- 
ties by  four  years  of  clinical  tests.  Today  it  is 
embodied  in  a  dentifrice  called  Pepsodent  And 
we  offer  you  a  Free  tube  to  let  you  prove  it  oat 


The  Scientific  Way 


As  a  cleanser  and  polisher,  Pepsodent  holds 
supreme  place  among  tooth  pastes.  Bat  it  also 
goes  further. 

It  is  based  on  pepsin,  the  digestant  of  albu- 
min. The  film  is  albuminous  matter.  Tbe 
object  of  Pepsodent  is  to  dissolve  it,  then  to 
constantly  prevent  its  accumulation. 

But  Pepsin  alone  won't  do.  It  must  be 
activated,  and  the  usual  activating  agent  is  an 
acid,  harmful  to  the  teeth.  So  pepsin  long 
seemed  forbidden. 

Now  science  has  found  an  activating 
method  harmless  to  the  teeth.  Five  govun- 
ments  have  already  granted  patents.  That 
method,  used  in  Pepsodent,  makes  the  use  of 
active  pepsin  possible. 

Before  it  was  offered  to  users,  able  dental 


authorities  proved  its  value  by  clinical  testa. 
They  placed  its  results  beyond  question.  Now 
we  offer  the  proof  to  you  in  the  shape  of  a 
home  test. 

Send  the  coupon  for  a  One-Week  Tuba. 
Use  it  like  * ny  tooth  paste  and  watch  results. 
Note  how  clean  the  teeth  feel  after  uring. 
Mark  the  absence  of  the  film.  See  how  teeth 
whiten — how  they  glisten — ^as  the  fixed  film 
disappears. 

A  week's  trial  will  convince  yon  that 
■  Pepsodent  does  what  nothing  else  has  done. 
You  will  see  that  your  teeth  are  protected 
as  they  never  ware  before.  You  will  not 
return  after  that,  we  think,  to  any  old-time 
method. 

Cut  out  the  Free  coupon  now. 


Rmtum  your  mmpty  tooth  paatm  tub—  to  tha  nmaraat  Rad  Cro*»  Station 


PgT^s^ggRi 


The  New-Da^  Dentifrice 

A  Scientific  Product— Sold  by 
Drugguts  Everywhere 


(149A) 

iUHiiiiitnaiiiiiiiiiiaiiiiiiiiiAi 


One- Week  Tube  Free 

THE   PEPSODENT  CO., 

Dept.  283,  1104  &  Wabash  Av*.,  Chicago,  111. 

Mail  One- Week  Tube  of  Pepsodent  to 
Name 


Address 

iiiiiiimmiiiiiiiiMmmiwniiii 


iniMmiiiiiiiiiifl 


Digitized  by 


Google 


646 


THE   OUTLOOK 


25   Det  ad 


p.-»^.--^ 


Herman 
Style  56 

U.  S.  Army  ImrI 
For  Civiliani 


ndfor  Cttialofftw 


\VTAB.  has  taught  business 

^^  men  and  professional  men 

the  priceless  lesson  of   U.  S. 

Army  shoes  for  comfort  and 

/bot-health, 

Herman  Shoes  go  several 
deg;rees  further  by  embodying 
all  the  anatomic  features  of  the 
Army  last,  and,  in  addition, 
supplying  the  Jlne  appearance 
and  HTvire  features  legitimately 
demanded  by  civiliatis. 

Herman  Shoes  g^ve  men  In 
all  branches  of  active  life  the 
perfect  opportimity  to  enjoy 
the  full,  normal  efficiency  of 
their  feet  and  to  indulge  their 
individual  desires  for  fine 
leathers  and  100  per  cent  wear. 

Sold  in  8,000  retail  stores.  If  yon 
•re  not  near  one,  we  will  fit  yon 
oorreotly  and  qniokly  through  onr 
MAIL  OKUEK  DEF'T  at  Boston 


JOS.  M.  HERMAN  SHOE 

825  Albany  Bnilding 
BOSTON,    MASS. 


CO. 


TgACHERS'     AQgNCIES 

The  Pratt  Teachers  Agency 

70  fifth  Avenne,  New  York 
Raooaunend*  ttachen  to  coHagea^ublic  and  prints  arliorli. 
AdrISM  parents »bout  icliook.    Win.  <l.  Kratt.  Mirr. 

Teadnn  Waited — The  htentate  Tacbers'  Acckt 

Macheoa   BuUdinff,    New   Orleans,  reoommen^ 
tsacfaeie  for  all  dsiiartmsnts  ot  schools  »nd  collsgss. 

SCHOOLS    A  HP    COtLgQES 


OON  W  ECTICUT 


The  Curtis  School  for  Young  Boys 

Hss  crown  forty-foar  yaan  snd  is  still  nndsr  the  sctire 

•liraoUoa  of  its  lonnder. 

Fimmni  B.  Cubtu,  Principal 
OnsALO  B.  CuRTii,  Assistant  Principal 
BaooiTiBU)  Cmtsb.  Oommcricirr. 

ILLI  WOI8 


Home  Study 

(2Tth  Year) 
Pmlims  Commnnicalioa.  Forms  of  ISihHa 

Tiihlisss  snil  iiinrn  thin  1w  nmrf  i^-irimin 
and  professional  conraas  are  oCsrad  fay  cosro- 
spondepce.    Addiessi 

1^- UnitarHi^  of  Wtfisagoi 

DWMoalO.  CMca«o.lH. 
IIIWJER«EY 

KENT  PLACE,  Summit.  N.  J. 

A  country  school  (or  girls  M  miles  from  New  York.  CoIIsks 
PrepaiBtoryand  Acaaamic  Connas. 
Mrs.  Sank  WseAssa  raal.  Nss  Aaaa  S. 


The  Outlook 

Copyright,  1918,  by  The  Ontlook  Company 

TABLE  OF  CONTENTS 

Vol.  120      December  25.  1918      No.  16 


THB  OOTtiOOK  B  rUSUSHSU  WSMOtT  ST  flB  OOTUKHt  OOHPJUIT, 

3II  rocsiH  ATamiB,  mw  tobk.  lawokb  r.  aisott, 
a.  T.  rcisiFaa,  noanasniBiiT.  raAjnt  a  norr, 
■HOST  n.  Asaorr,  saoasTAST.  tbatsis  d. 
cABKAa,  AOTaanaws  HAaAsaa.  tbailt  Knaoaimoa— 
rffTT-Two  ustns— toDB  DOLLAas  iH  AOTASoa.  atrnaaa 
AS  Biooini- class  KArrai,  im.y  n.  is9i,  at  ma  roar 
orricB   AT   aav  Toax,  raoaa  thb   act  or   KAaoa  ),  isn 


President  Wilson  in  Europe 649 

The  British  Elections 649 

"An  Inoomparably  Great  Navy" 649 

Hiram  Johnson   and  Russia 1 650 

Government  Ownership  of  Railroads  and 

Telegraphs 650 

An  Amerioan  Luoknow 651 

A  Welcome   Church  Union 651 

Athletics  in  the  Public  Schook 652 

A  Distinguished    Russian  Composer 652 

The  American  Board   and  Japan 652 

Cartoons  of  the  Week 653 

Arts  and  Crafts 654 

Art  in  the  Public  Schools 654 

Ttw   Largest    Farming   Proieot    Yet   At- 
tempted    654 

Help  the  Armenian  Girls 655 

Christmas,  1918 655 

Germany  to  the  Bar 656 

In  Defense  of  Worry 656 

The  Happy  Eremite  Tends  the  Furnace  657 

The  Last  Advance  (Poem) .  658 

By  Captain  W.  Kerr  Raiasford 

On  the  Eve  of  the  Grant  Surrender 659 

EditorisI  Correspoodsnes  from  Great  Britain 
by  Ernest  Hamlin  Abbott 

The  Sontf  of  Men  (Poem) 661 

By  Thcreaa  Virginia  Bcerd 
The  Peace  Conference  at  Versailles :  IV — 
Self-Determintion   and  Assisted  Deter- 
mination of  States 661 

By  Albert  Bnahoell  Hart 

Peace  and  Paternalism 663 

By  William  Maxwell 

The  Do(s  of  Bethlehem  (Poem) 665 

By  Katharine  Lee3aies. 
An  American  Christmas  in  Many  Tongues  665 

By  Julie  Searing  Lcaycrafk 
The  Adventures  of  Thiophile :  III — The 
Mutiny  of  Theopbile 668 

By  Doaal  Hamilton  Haines 

(Currant  Events  Illustrated 669 

I  Walked   One  Ni^ht   in   the  Shepherds' 
Field 675 

By  John  Finlcy 

Weekly  Outline  Study  of  Current  History  676 
By  J.  Madison  Galhany,  A.M.     . 

The  Burial  of  a  Netfro  Soldier  at  Sea. . .  676 

A  Testimony  from  Early  England f36 

The  Turn  of  the  Tide  in  Finance 679 

The  Work  of  •  Stupendous  Goremment 

Plant 681 

Distrust  the  Turk 645 

By  the  Way 683 


BT  SUBSCRHTION   U-OS  A  YKAK.     Bfalgle  oopiaa  10  I 
Far  torslin  sobaoription  to  oooatilae  fai  the  Fealal  Union,  IB  Jit. 
Address  all  conuaiinicatinnB  to 

THE  OUTLOOK  COMPANY 
381  Fourth  Avairae  New  York  City 


Young  Women  of  America! 

HERE    IS   YOUR 
OPPORTUNITY 

to  become  a  Trained  Nurse  and  rel««i 
a  pair  of  ti-aiiied  liands  for  servici 
"  Over  There." 

By  enteiing  a  Training  School  NOV? 
and  preparing  yourself  for  service  d 
home  or  al)roa!u  you  are  rendering! 
distinct  patriotic  service. 

There  nre  some  available  openings  ia  tla 
Kings  County  Hospital  which  will  be  fiUed  ii 
the  order  uf  application  and  final  appranL 
11iis  school  is  roistered  nnder  the  Bcipata  d 
the  State  of  New  York.  Length  of  eoone  i 
2  years  and  3  months.  For  fortner  infoimitiot 
write  to  the 

SUPT.  OF   TRAINING   SCHOOL 

Clarkson  Avenue  Brooklrn,  N.  Yi 


St.  John's  RiYerude  Hospital  Traai 
School  for  Norses 

YO^KCRS.    NEW  YORK 

Raglstared  in  New  Tork  Btat^  oSen  a  >  ysan*  oeoa 
Causnl  timininK  to  rsfluad,  educated  wobb.  ■<«■ 
menta  one  year  htsh  ■cliool  or  its  e<miralsaf  Ajalr  *• 
Direoknss  of  Naraea,  Ynokaxs.  New  Torfc. 


SCHOOLS    AND    COLLEGE 


MASSAOHUOETTO 


ABBOT  ACADEMY 

A  Sckeel  isr  Gris.     ANDOVEl.  MASS.  rnmMI 

n   mllea  from    Boston.    General   couiee   wltk  H<wdl 
Bcienre.  CuUeee  Prepazmtion.    Outdoor  aports. 

AddreM  MIBB  BEBTUA  BAULET,  tnti 


IlusAOHinaTTt,  Barre.  , , 

If T  UK  UTT  T  A  Private  Home  and  Srheel  I 
HUM.  nU^L,  Deflclent  ChUdren  and  Tsel 
Skillful  and  aSactioiiats  ou*.  Inrigantise  air  »■ 
farm.  Home  dairy.  Ml  modern  conrenktioaa.  V*ni 
oompanionahip.  Health,  haspines^  efflHencT.  Tn^  Q 
Address  OaoBoa  A.  Baon.  ilS)..  O.  Paacr  Utan.  U) 


WALNUT  HILL  SCHOOL 


83  HlEhlnnd  St..  Natick.  : 

ACollKePreparatorTScbooKorOlriB.  VStOSmbvmtm 
Mlaa  Oonnnt,  Mlaa  Blselow.  PrindiwU 


MISS  CAPEN'S  SCHOOL  FOR  GDSl 

For  many  yeua  known  aa  **  Hie  Boxnham  %daot^ 

Mrd  year  opezia  Bepfeember,  1919. 

ComMpoDcUuice  aboold  be  addroaied  to 

Mlaa  B.  T.  CAm,  Principal,  KoamAMrrnx.  Mi 


roR 
ciru 


TiraBurnham  School 

NORTHAMPTON,      MASSACHUSETrl 
Fonndod  by  Mary  A.  Bnrnhmn  In  UTI 
Opposlto  8mith  CoUace  Campas 
MISSHCLCN  E.TH0MP80N,I 


9 


SHORT-STOl 

A  eooiee  of  forty  Ivsc 
lrtnictora,ai)dwritixi«oftba 
Rsrs  >■■■»■!■,  hr  1— ill 

•       ifrrn. 


iRY  wwmNC 

ona^  tlwMBMT.Ng 


U0-pag9  ea  fafoews. 

m  ■•>■  eoi — 


THE  MISSES  ALLEN  SCHOOL 


LUs  hi  the  open.  AthleUca. 
geiiwial  eourasa. 
Bach  glrrs  pstaonaBty  ohaarted 


Aita.  a»0t 
damofsd.  W«l 


PENNSYLVANIA 


Sdool  of  Horticaltore  ftr  ^m 


Beflstsr  now  for 

redoal  inatroeltea.  Two 

Oreeiihonssa,  Oardsna,  < 

Inpisasliia  demand  for  wonMi 
alocni.  nmikwnm  Latmaaa 


^^ 


Index  and  Title-page  for  Volume  120  {^  September  4-T>e<'ember  S5)  of  7%e  Outlook,  printed  aeparateljf 
for  binding,  vfilt  be  Jumished  gratis,  on  apiiliration,  to  any  reader  who^au^^t^e^j^fff^^^^'^OM 


1918 

JHttnul  the  Turk  (Cotainued) 
order,  and  protection  of  the  disturbed  dis- 
tricts, or  to  ally  itself  on  the  side  of  those 
who  have  just  been  at  war  with  the  Turk 
with  the  intention  to  pnt  an  end  to  his  cruel 
and  despicable  rule. 

The  object  of  this  "  bleatine "  on  the 
part  of  the  Turks  is  to  escape  punishment  for 
complicity  in  the  crimes  of  those  who  domi- 
nated TWkish  affairs  before  the  armistice. 

If  I  may  make  bold  to  offer  a  suggestion, 
it  is  that  there  is  too '  much  dependence  in 
Washington  on  "  official  reports."  In  Ihe 
very  natore  of  things,  one  who  does  not  know 
the  language  and  know  the  people,  and  who 
hasn't  uvea  among  the  people  outside  the 
precincts  of  the  cuplomatic  circles  in  Con- 
stantinople, never  can  get  real  facts.  He 
sees  the  official  Turk.  He  comes  in  contact 
with  the  courteous  diplomat,  and  with  one 
or  two  exceptions  the  history  of  the  last 
fifty  years  of  diplomatic  intercourse  ^fth 
Turkey  shows  that  our  Ministers  have  been 
hoodwmked  and  overreached.  There  is  an 
avenue  of  information,  if  we  are  not  will- 
bg  to  use  the  first-hand  knowledge  of  Ar- 
menians and  Syrians  in  this  country  who 
could  talk  from  their  actual  experience  of 
treatment  by  the  Turks  and  of  the  attitude 
and  nature  of  the  Turks,  and  of  the  hope- 
lessness of  trying  to  insure  any  reform  in 
the  administration  by  the  Turks  of  a  gov- 
ernment over  non-Moslem  peoples.  That 
avenue  of  information  is  the  missionaries 
who  have  been  for  many  years  living  with 
and  among  the  people,  giving  themselves 
and  their  careers  to  and  for  Uiese  people, 
who,  by  reason  of  the  rules  binding  them 
under  tlie  mission  boards,  are  forbidden 
to  meddle  in  politics  or  to  talk  for  publica- 
tion in  such  a  way  as  to  complicate  the 
relation  of  these  missionary  agencies  in  the 
Turkish  Empire.  Bufifacommissioiiersent 
by  our  State  Department  were  to  go  from 
mission  station  to  mission  station  and  get, 
under  its  authority,  at  first  hand  the  testi- 
tiraony  and  opinions  of  the  Christian  men 
and  women  whose  integrity  and  veraci^  is 
uniropugnable,  such  information  to  afford 
the  basis  for  findings  and  recommendations 
to  the  State  Department,  it  would  open  the 
eyes  of  the  American  people. 

It  is  no  answer  to  the  foregoing  to  say 
that  the  matter  is  now  before  the  Peace 
Conference,  and  doubtless  will  be  safe- 
guarded by  British  plenipotentiaries.  There 
IS  still  time  to  exert  influence  on  the  minds 
of  the  delegates  to  tliis  Conference  from 
this  country  as  well  to  distrust  and  disbe- 
lieve every  declaration  or  promise  made  by 
the  Sultan  of  Turkey  or  any  one  in  his  be- 
half. Let  those  who  hold  a  brief  for  the 
Turk  and  his  good  faith  inform  us  to  what 
extent  or  in  what  particular  either  the  Con- 
stitutional Government  of  1909  in  Turkey 
or  any  subsequent  administration  under  any 
Sultan  conducted  a  bona-fide  investigation 
of  the  massacres  or  effectively  protected 
the  Armenians  in  the  disturbed  districts, 
or  did  one  single  thing  to  prevent  a  recur- 
rence of  "  recent  lamentable  events  "  which 
are  deplored  so  keenly  by  the  hypocritical 
Sultan.  HsMBT  W.  Jsssup. 

New  York  City. 

[The  remarkable  and  absorbingly  inter- 
esting book  by  ex- Ambassador  Moigen- 
thau,  reviewea  in  last  week's  Outlook, 
confirms  Mr.  Jessupls  estimate  of  the  un- 
trastworthiness  of  Turkish  officials.  Mr. 
Jessup  is  a  New  York  lawyer,  bom  in 
Syria  of  American  parentage.  His  father 
was  a  distinguished  missionarv-educator, 
and  he  is  thoroughly  familiar  with  the  his- 
tory, habits,  and  characteristics  of  the 
Turkish  Empire. — ^The  Eoitobs.] 


THE   OUTLOOK 


647 


McCutcheori^s 

January  Linen  and 
White  Goods   Sale 


from  January  2d  to  31»t 


JUf.  Trrndx-Mmk 


I 


N  some  respects  this  is  the  most  important  Linen  and 
AA^ite  Goods  Sale  we  have  ever  held. 


By  concentrating  on  the  task  of  watching  the  Linen  markets 
of  the  world  during  the  four  critical  years  just  past,  and 
knowing  when  and  where  to  buy,  we  are  this  January  in  a 
position  to  offer  our  Patrons  a  large  range  of  Household 
Linens  of  regular  McCutcheon  Quality  at  prices  as  low 
as,  and  in  some  cases  lower  than,  they  were  a  year  ago, 
and  diis  notwithstanding  the  marked  increase  in  cost  daring 
.  the  past  year. 

Mainly  the  prices  on  these  goods  are  below  even  present- 
day  wholesale  prices. 

In<our  judgment  Linen  prices  cannot  change  much  for  the 
better  for  two  years,  and  we  therefore  strongly  urge  our 
Patrons  to  purchase,  during  this  January  Sale,  such  Linens 
as  they  need  or  are  likely  to  need  for  themselves  or  for  gift 
purposes  during  the  coming  year. 

In  imported  Lingerie,  now  so  difficult  to  obtain,  we  are  able 
to  offer  an  especially  fine  selection  of  the  choicest  French, 
Madeira  and  Philippine  handwork  at  prices  which  are  re- 
markably reasonable.  We  are  also  showing  a  beautiful  line 
of  Lingerie  of  domestic  manufacture. 

We  are  very  proud  of  the  collection  of  Children's  Garments 
which  we  are  offering  for  our  January  Sale.  Our  Children's 
Department  is  steadfly  growing  in  favor  with  those  who  are 
seeking  Children's  >Vear  of  reliable  quality  and  approved  style. 

A  copy  o^  OUT  January  Linan  and  Whit*  Goodb 
Salm  Catidogao  wiU  b*    nudlod  on    rmga—t, 

James  McCutcheon  &  Company 

Fifth  Avenue,  34th  and  33d  Sts.,  N.  Y. 


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The  Outlook 

DECEMBER  25,  1918 

Offices,  381  Fourth  Avenue,  New  York 


•RESIDENT  WILSON  IN  EUROPE 

We  share  in  the  gratification  and  appreciation  which,  all 
uuerican  citizens  feel  at  the  reception  abroad  of  President 
Vilson  as  the  representative  of  the  United  States.  The  French 
«ople  have  a  peculiar  admiration  for  men  of  intellectual  ability 
nd  brilliance.  The  honor  of  being  elected  to  the  French  Acad- 
niy  is  an  honor  second  to  none  in  the  French  Republic,  and  it 
i  based  chiefly  upon  the  candidate's  ability  to  think,  to  reason, 
U(I  to  express  his  thought  in  forms  of  literary  beauty.  Mr. 
A'ilson  is  therefore  received  in  France,  not  merely  as  a  Presi- 
lent  and  a  champion  of  democracy,  but  as  a  man  of  letters, 
^nd  it  is  apparent  that  his  speeches  so  far  have  gratified  the 
'"rench,  not  only  because  of  their  sentiments  regarding  the  war, 
int  because  of  their  skill  of  literary  expression.  His  first  pub- 
ic address  was  made  at  a  luncheon  at  which  the  President  of 
be  French  Republic,  M.  Poincar^,  made  an  address  of  wel- 
ome.  Mr.  Wilson's  response  included  the  following  paragraph : 

Never  before  has  war  worn  so  terrible  a  visage  or  exhibited 
more  grossly  the  debasing  influence  of  illicit  ambitions.  I  am 
sore  that  I  shall  look  upon  the  ruin  wrought  by  the  armies  of 
the  Central  Empires  with  the  same  repulsion  and  deep  indigna- 
tion that  they  stir  in  the  hearts  of  the  men  of  France  and  Bel- 
giam,  and  I  appreciate,  as  you  do,  sir,  the  necessity  of  such 
action  in  the  final  settlement  of  the  issues  of  the  war  as  will  not 
only  rebuke  such  acts  of  terror  and  spoliation,  but  make  men 
ever}-where  aware  that  they  cannot  be  ventured  upon  without 
the  certainty  of  just  punishment. 

This  has  been  taken  by  the  French  people  to  mean  that  the 
President  will  approve  of  such  peace  terms  as  will'  insist-  upon 
jenuany's  making  such  reparations  as  she  can  in  money  pay- 
nents,  and  that  he  believes  that  the  men  in  Germany  responsi- 
>le  for  the  war  and  its  atrocities  must  be  tried  and  punished  as 
criminals. 

In  approving  the  President's  proposed  visit  we  ventured  to 
ay  a  few  weeks  ago  that  we  respectfully  believed  that  his  per- 
lonal  contact  with  the  people  and  statesmen  of  Great  Britain  and 
he  Continent  would  do  him  good.  He  would  certainly  be  a  man 
>f  narrow  limitations  who  did  not  have  his  pulses  quickened,  his 
ympathies  enlarged,  and  his  views  of  international  relations 
nodified  by  such  a  unique  and  splendid  experience  as  President 
^Vilson  is  now  passing  through.  Such  acclamation,  such  confi- 
lence,  such  hopes,  as  are  being  centered  upon  him  must  add 
0  his  strength,  his  humility,  and  his  reliance  upon  the  co-operar 
ion  of  his  fellows.  Some  of  these  impressions  he  will  doubtless 
)ring  back  with  him,  and  we  at  home  shall  in  this  reflected  way 
eceive  the  impulses  in  our  National  life  that  he  must  have 
"eeeived  in  his  personal  feelings.  This  interchange  and  strength- 
ening of  thought  and  feeling  and  human  sympathy  will  be  not 
me  of  the  least  advantages  of  the  co-operation  of  the  United 
^tates,  through  President  W'ilson  as  its  spokesman,  in  the  Peace 
.'onference. 


rHE  BRITISH   ELECTIONS 

On  December  14  the  British  elections  took  place.  They  were 
liHtinguished  by  four  unprecedented  features : 

First,  some  six  million  women  voted ;  women  of  thirty  and 
Her  were -enfranchised  by  the  recent  Act  of  Parliament,  and 
his  was  the  first  exercise  of  their  new  power.  In  some  districts 
voinen  were  at  the  polls  before  the  men  and  in  larger  numbers. 

Sec()nd,  by  the  same  Act  many  additional  male  voters  were  cre- 
ited  through  the  extension  of  the  franchise  by  abolishing  certain 
>roperty  and  residential  qualifications  formerly  necessary. 

Third,  all  the  balloting  was  done  in  one  day,  instead  of  the 
isual  elections  in  different  districts,  spreading  over  weeks. 

Fourth,  the  votes  wore  not  counted  on  the  day  of  election ; 


l^ey  will  not  be  counted  for  a  fortnight,  so  that  the  ballots  of 
the  soldiers  abroad  may  be  received  and  opened  with  the  others. 

The  question  of  the  soldier  vote  formed  the  Labor  party's 
chief  objection  to  having  an  election  at  all,  it  being  alleged  that 
such  an  election  among  millions  of  workingmen,  now  soldiers 
abroad,  would  not  poll  more  than  a  part  of  the  whole  soldier 
vote.  Mr.  Lloyd  George,  the  Prime  Minister,  denied  this  in  gen- 
eral, adding  that  the  L^bor  party  did  not  represent  all  the  labor 
of  the  United  Kingdom ;  that,  in  fact,  it  represented  only  a 
small  part,  that  labor  votes  would  be  lai|^ely  cast  for  the  6ov- 
emment,  that  the  remainder  were  un<&r  the  control  of  the 
pacifists  and  Bolshevists,  and  that  it  would  not  be  safe  to  trust 
the  business  of  a  great  Empire  to  such  a  Labor  party  until  it 
was  able  to  overthrow  this  clique. 

The  objection  on  the  part  of  many  Liberals  to  the  election 
was  the  claim  that  it  was  unnecessary  to  issue  a  new  mandate 
of  authority  to  the  present  Coalition  Government.  However, 
the  Premier  thought  otherwise.  He  was  winningly  frank  in  his 
statement  that  the  present  was  the  time  to  take  action  if  a 
further  extension  of  power  was  to  be  obtained.  The  Coalition 
Government  is  supposed  to  be  non-partisan.  Accordingly  its 
electoral  programme  as  to  home  policies  was  as  follows : 

1.  Protection  to  those  industries  essential  to  national  security. 

2.  Prevention  of  the  dumping  of  goods  produced  by  foreign 
cheap  labor. 

S.  Colonial  preference. 

4.  Land  reform. 

5.  A  minimum  wage. 

6.  Reconstitution  of  the  House  of  Loi-ds  by  omitting  the  prin- 
ciple of  heredity. 

7.  No  coercion  to  Ulster  in  the  Irish  settlement. 

8.  Welsh  Church  disestablishment. 

To  the  opponents  of  Mr.  Lloyd  Geoi^e  (popularly  supposed 
to  be  a  free-trader  and  Home-Ruler)  this  seemed  an  opportu- 
nist programme,  and  the  Premier's  utterances  since  have  rather 
confirmed  them  in  that  opinion. 

As  to  foreign  policy,  Mr.  Lloyd  George's  claims  for  indemnity 
from  Germany,  on  the  plea  of  a  full  payment  for  her  crimes 
(as  if  that  could  ever  be !)  rather  than  on  what  she  can  pay 
within  a  reasonable  time,  have  caused  his  critics  to  query 
whether,  after  all,  he  might  not  be  using  a  great  national  mood 
for  electioneering  purposes.  The  question  arises,  therefore.  How 
long  wLLl  the  new  Government  last? 

Mr.  Chamberlain  won  a  victory  in  1900  on  a  similar  issue — 
the  so-called  "  khaki  election  "  which  he  as  Colonial  Secretary 
was  a  chief  agent  in  brin|ring  about  in  order  to  take  advantage 
of  the  patriotic  and  anti-Boer  fervor  animating  the  nation. 
Mr.  George's  supporters  believe  that  he  is  equally  justified  in  a 
similar  foreign  policy  to-day.  At  all  events,  his  victory  is  con- 
ceded. 

Nor  do  his  supporters  foi^et  his  services  to  land,  labor,  and 
social  reform  at  home,  or  that  to  him  more  perhaps  than  to 
any  other  man  is  due  the  plan  of  Allied  military  campaign 
under  a  single  commander — one  of  the  chief  reasons  why  we 
won  the  war.  These  things  added  force  to  the  Premier's 
appeals  to  the  nation  to  sink  party  differences  and  to  maintain 
its  unity.  That  the  British  people  would  be  wise  enough  at  this 
crisis  to  indorse  Lloyd  George  we  have  not  doubted  was  a  foi-e- 
gone  conclusion. 


"AN  INCOMPARABLY  GREAT  NAVY" 

Despatches  from  Washington  report  that  Admiral  Charles 
J.  Badger,  Chairman  of  the  Executive  Committee  of  the  Gen- 
eral Naval  Board,  has  urged  upon  Congress  the  building  of  » 
United  States  Navy  which  by  1926  shall  be  unsurpassed  in  the 

^'-^  a+o 

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world.  He  says  ttiat  tne  poucy  is  approved  by  the  President. 
This  means,  for  one  item,  the  buildmg  of  twenty-two  battle- 
cruisers,  including  those  under  construction,  during  the  next  six 
years.  A  battle-oruiser  costs  at  least  twenty-five  million  dollars 
to  build  and  equip.  This  item  alone  would  therefore  amount  to 
half  a  billion  dollars  at  least.  These  figures  are  more  or  less 
approximate,  but  they  will  give  some  idea  of  the  enormous  pro- 
gramme which  Admiral  Badger  proposes. 

The  President  is  now  abroad,  and  it  is  impossible  to  get  any 
authorized  statement  as  to  how  far  he  approves  the  plan  advo- 
cated by  Admiral  Badger.  It  is  true  that  two  or  tliree  yearft 
ago  in  a  public  speech  the  President  said  that  the  United  States 
needs  "an  incomparably  great  Navy."  At  the  time  this  was 
taken  to  be  merely  a  rhetorical  form  of  advocating  a  strong 
naval  pn^^ramme  for  this  country.  If  the  President  really  advo- 
cates the  building  of  a  Navy  which  shall  be  second  to  none  in 
the  world,  he  goes  further  tmm  any  other  American  statesman 
has  yet  gone  in  naval  advocacy.  Mr.  Roosevelt,  who  as  Assist- 
ant Secretarv  of  the  Navy  and  as  President  has  done  more  than 
any  other  American  for  the  development  of  the  American 
Navy,  has  only  advocated  a  Navy  wmch  should  be  second  to 
that  of  Great  Britain  in  magnitude  and  power.  In  a.  recent 
public  address  Secretary  Daniels  urged  the  maintenance  of  our 
Navy  upon  the  efficient  scale  which  it  has  displayed  in  the  great 
war.  The  sentiment  of  the  American  people  is,  we  believe,  in 
&vor  of  a  constructive  plan  which  shall  maintain  our  Navy  on 
a  strong  and  efficient  basis.  Their  war  experience  has  taught 
them  that  a  navy  is  the  first  line  of  defense  for  a  maritime  coun- 
try. But  we  are  equally  sure  that  public  sentiment  will  not  sup- 
port Admiral  Badger's  plan.  Nor  do  we  believe  tbat  the  best 
judgment  of  the  most  experienced  and  skillful  American  naval 
officers  favors  an  American  Navy  which,  to  quote  Admiral 
Badger's  langua^  "should  ultimately  be  equal  to  the  most 
powerful  maintained  by  any  other  nation."  This  simply  means 
that  we  must  enter  into  a  naval  competitive  race  with  Great 
Britain,  and  the  world  has  seen  the  folly  and  horrors  of  such 
military  competitive  struggles.  Great  Britain  is  an  island 
Power.  It  must  have  a  great  navy,  to  protect  its  very  life.  And 
it  must  be  able  to  defend  not  only  its  islands  but  its  so-called 
colonies,  which  are  as  truly  a  part  of  the  Empire  as  the  British 
Isles.  It  must  have  a  navy  adequate  to  protect  Canada,  Aus- 
tralia, New  Zealand,  India,  South  Africa,  and  the  Suez  Canal, 
a  part  of  the  highway  between  its  center  and  its  ontlyin?  prov- 
inces. If  the  necessity  for  a  navy  is  measured  either  l>y  the 
population  or  the  extent  of  seaboard  it  must  protect,  Great 
Britain  ought  by.common  consent  to  have  the  strongest  navy  in 
the  world. 

The  British  Government  and  people  were  not  willing  to  have 
Gemuuiy  equal  or  surpass  them  m  naval  strength.  They  will  be 
no  more  willing  to  have  the  United  States  equal  and  surpass 
them.  If  we  openly  enter  upon  a  scheme  for  making  the  Amer- 
ican Navy  so  gigantic  that  it  can  weaken  even  the  moral  power 
of  the  British  navy,  we  shall  arouse  the  natural  anxieties  of 
Ghreat  Britain  at  the  very  time  when  the  sentiment  of  the  world 
is  turning  towards  disarmament  and  relief  from  military  taxa- 
tion. At  one  and  the  same  time  to  advocate  a  League  of  Nations 
to  bring  about  the  peaceful  settlement  of  international  contro- 
versies and  to  enter  upon  a  programme  of  racing  for  military 
and  naval  superiority  is  a  great  inconsistency.  Let  us  have  a 
strong  Navy  by  all  means,  but  a  jingo  navy  which  can  "  lick 
the  world  "  by  no  means. 


HIRAM  JOHNSON  AND  RUSSIA 

On  December  12,  in  the  United  States  Senate,  Hiram  John- 
son, of  California,  requested  information  in  response  to  certain 
questions  he  asked  regarding  Russia.  Despite  his  distinct  state- 
ments to  the  contrary,  these  queries  unaccountably  aroused 
in  some  minds  a  suspicion  that,  after  all.  Senator  Johnson 
might  be  a  Bolshevist  in  sympathv.  Though  sure  of  the  con- 
trary, The  Outlook  wrote  to  him  for  an  additional  statement 
concerning  his  position.  The  following  letter  was  received  from 
him: 

I  have  this  iiutant  before  me  your  note  of  December  14.    I 

am  last  a  bit  indignant  that  anybody  should  suggest  that  I  am 

'    at  all  in  sympathy  with  Bolshevism.  I  realized  diat  any  inquiry 


into  Russian  affairs  would  result  in  exactly  this  accosstioa,  be. 
notwithstanding,  I  had  the  temerity  to  inquire. 

Just  why  is  it  so  dangerous  to  mention  Russia  or  to  indn^ 
in  a  pertinent  query  respecting  our  relations  with  Rosaia  ?  &■ 
cause  any  seeker  for  information  in  this  direction  ia  at  oaet 
pilloried  as  an  Anarchist  or  Bolshevist,  I  am  beginning  to  woo- 
der  whether  there  is  some  strange  hidden,  insidions  power  vhiri 
keeps  everything  in  the  dark  and  threatens  any  who  would  adt 
light.  I  am  sending  you,  clipped  from  the  "  Conffreauoiu! 
.^cord,"  a  copy  of  my  speech.  I  can't  make  any  more  plain  tian 
I  did  there  that  I  have  no  sympathy  of  any  sort  with  Bolshertas. 

As  Mr.  Johnson  stated  in  the  Senate,  with  the  end  of  di 
war  there  seems  to  be  no  reason  why  we  should  not  know  di 
position  of  the  American  Government  with  regard  to  Sosr^ 
Disclaiming  any  sympathy  with  Bolshevism,  and  quoting  fna 
President's  Wilson's  remarks  to  show  the  promise  of  the  Unitti 
States  to  Russia,  Mr.  Johnson  introduced  a  resolution  inqnimj 
as  to  certain  details.    Among  others  he  asked : 

Whether  the  Bureau  of  Public  Information,  as  administerril 
by  Mr,  Creel,  has  been  engaged,  not  in  developing  facts  to  our 
people,  but  in  justifying  a  course  subsequently  pursued  at  vari- 
ance with  our  words. 

Whether  the  Soriet  Government  sought  the  help  of  our  Gor- 
emment  to  prevent  the  ratification  of  the  shameful  treaty  of 
Brest-LitovRR,  to  which  our  Grovemment  never  replied. 

Whether  the  Assistant  Secretary  of  State,  speaking  for  thf 
President,  definitely  refused  intervention  last  March,  **  when,  if 
intervention  was  ever  desirable  or  possible,  tiien  was  the  time  to 
intervene." 

Whether  the  American  Ambassador  and  the  British  Hi^ 
Commissioner  in  Russia  recommended  co-operation  with  uu 
Soviet  Government  through  the  American  Railway  Mjssod. 
whether  that  Grovemment  promised  control  of  the  Siberian  Bui- 
way  to  be  placed  in  the  lumds  of  this  mission,  and  whether  ihest 
recommenaations  were  refused  by  the  American  GSovemment. 

Whether  the  British  High  Commissioner  stated  as  late  as  Msj 
5, 1918,  that  intervention  was  feasible. 

Whether  oar  Government  so  delayed  co-operation  with  tlie 
Kerensky  Government  as  largely  to  contribute  to  its  overthrov 
and  the  success  of  the  Bolsheviki. 

.    We  echo  Senator  Johnson's  condnsion :  "  Are  we  indifFemI 
to  Russia's  fate,  that  we  sit  here  supine  and  in  ignorance  f 

GOVERNMENT  OWNERSHIP   OF  RAILWAYS  AND 
TELEGRAPHS 

The  Outlook  has  long  been  in  favor  of  Government  owurr- 
ship  and  operation  of  our  telegraph  system.  It  has  seemed  tua< 
for  many  years  that  the  transmission  of  telegrams  is  as  natunJ 
and  essential  a  part  of  the  Post  Office  system  as  the  tranamN 
sion  of  letters.  Indeed,  this  natural  relationship  is  shown  bytk 
fact  that  one  of  the  telegraph  systems  of  this  country  calls  itscU 
"  The  Postal  Telegraph  Company,"  and  both  of  the  privat« 
telegraph  companies  transmit  what  they  term  "  night  letters." 

With  the  general  purpose,  therefore,  of  Mr.  Buriescw.  tk 
Poetmaster-Gieneral,  to  incorporate  the  tel^fraph  with  the  Po>^ 
Office,  we  are  in  83nnpathy,  and  we  think  that  t^e  general  eenn- 
ment  of  the  coimtry  supports  the  idea.  Nobody  but  a  dreamiDg 
and  visionary  reactionary  would  suggest  that  the  Post  ()f&<* 
should  go  back  to  private  management.  Any  directirai  in  whiri 
the  postal  communication  of  all  the  people  can  be  natunllyiixi 
efficientiy  extended  is  desirable.  T^ere  there  is  room  for  <lif- 
ferenoe  of  opinion  and  criticism  is  in  the  method  by  which  tlf 
telegraphs  snail  be  taken  over.  Whether  the  teIe{dione  sjstw 
is  so  intricately  connected  with  the  tel^^ph  system  astonukr 
it  necessary  for  the  Government  to  ttdie  over  the  telepboox 
also  is  a  question  which  only  experts  can  decide.  It  is,  binrevBr. 
a  general  principle  that  one  step  at  a  time  in  goveminent  «^ 
lution  is  a  wise  method  of  procedure,  and  if  it  can  be  dene  «* 
should  be  inclined  to  have  the  telephones  left  to  the  privsf 
management  which  has  made  the  American  telephone  gptm 
the  b^t  in  the  world. 

The  question  of  the  railways  is  much  more  complicated.  All- 
railway  owners,  managers,  and  users — agree  that  in  the  war  eoH- 
gency  it  was  wise  for  tiie  Government  to  take  over  iail*»» 
operation,  and  that  as  an  emergency  measure  GovenuMB' 
administration  has  been  successful.    Slull  it  be  oontinned  ? 

The  President  said  in  his  address  to  Congress  just  beforr  i' 


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effc  for  Emope  tliat  he  had  do  fixed  ideas  on  the  subject,  and 
hat  he  left  the  problem  to  Congress  to  solve.  Under  the  law, 
iie  imQways  are  to  be  returned  to  their  owners  twenty-one 
nontfag  after  peaoe  is  officially  declared.  Director-G^eneral 
IfeAdoo  has  now  stud  in  a  letter  to  Congressman  Sims,  Chair- 
nan  of  the  Interstate  and  Foreign  Commerce  Committee  of 
die  House  of  Bepresentatives,  that  "  it  is  impossible  and  hope- 
leas  for  the  Crovenunent  to  attempt  the  operation  of  the  rail- 
roads for  twenty-one  months  after  peaoe  under  the  present 
law."  He  declares  that  either  the  railways  should  be  returned 
at  ODca  or  that  the  period  of  Government  operation  should  be 
extended  for  five  years  in  order  that  the  experiment  mav  have 
a  full,  fair,  and  intelligent  triaL  He  is  in  favor  of  this  longer 
trial.    He  says : 

I  hope  that  die  Congreas  in  its  wisdom  will  grant  a  five-year 
period  for  a  test  of  unified  railroad  operation  under  proper  pro- 
visions of  law  which  will  make  that  test  effective  and  at  the 
same  time  take  the  railroad  question  out  of  politics  while  the  test 
is  being  made.  Unleas  this  is  done,  I  do  not  hesitate  to  say  that 
the  railroads  should  he  returned  to  private  ownership  at  the  ear- 
liest possible  moment.  The  President  has  given  me  permission 
to  say  that  this  conclusion  aecords  with  nis  own  view  of  the 
matter. 

Mr.  McAdoo  makes  this  reoommendadon  to  Congress,  not 
because  he  urges  permanent  Government  operation,  tor  he  de- 
clares that  he  has  formed  no  opinion  himself  *'  aa  to  what  is  the 
best  disposition  of  the  railroad  problem,  because  the  test  has  not 
been  siufficient  to  prove  conclusively  the  right  solution  of  the 
problem."  What  he  asks  for  is  a  reasonable  triaL  His  letter  to 
Congressman  Sims  is  a  clear,  dispassionate,  and  able  statement 
of  the  case. 

It  would  not  be  unnatural  for  the  railway  managers  and 
security  owners  to  object  to  a  longer  period  of  uncertainty.  But 
now  that  we  have  undertaken  an  experimental  test,  would  it 
not  be  fansinesslike  and  wise  to  make  it  a  thorough  and  intel- 
ligent one?  And  is  it  not  the  part  of  both  wisdom  and  patriot- 
ism to  accept  Mr.  McAdoo's  suggestion  ?  Will  it  be  any  more 
difficult  to  return  the  roads  to  the  private  owners  at  the  end  of 
five  years,  if  the  countiy  so  decides,  than  it  will  be  to  do  it 
now  ?  And  shall  we  not  have  more  data  and  experience  upon 
which  to  base  oar  final  judgment  at  the  expiratioii  of  five  yeus' 
trial  than  we  have  to4]ay  ? 


All  AMERICilN  LDCKNOV 

On  the  afiemoon  of  Sunday,  December  16,  at  the  Sixty- 
Ninth  B^^ent  Armory,  in  New  York  City,  six  Episcoral 
churches  united  to  celebrate  the  victory  in  the  war.  The 
armory  could  have  been  filled  several  times  by  those  who 
wanted  to  attend.  Madison  Square  Garden  would  have  been 
^propriate. 

The  Burpliced  choirs  of  these  churches  entered  singing 
"  Onward,  Christian  Soldiers."  The  service  was  led  by  the  six 
rectors,  and  was  followed  by  addresses  from  Mr.  McAdoo,  Sec- 
retary of  the  Treasury,  and  from  Lieutenant-Colonel  Whittle- 
ley,  the  leader  of  that  gallant  battalion  whose  recent  experience 
somewhat  resembled  uiat  of  l^e  British  at  Lucknow.  Last 
October,  in  the  Argonne,  the  battalion  was  isolated  on  the  slope 
of  a  bleak,  unsheltered  ravine.  It  was  surrounded  so  dose  by 
the  Germans  that  our  doughboys,  burrowed  in  the  hillside, 
could  hear  the  calls  and  orders  of  their  enemy.  The  Germans 
had  made  five  attacks  upon  it,  and  its  casualties  totaled  more 
than  a  third  of  the  force.  For  six  days  and  nights  our  men, 
drenched  to  the  skin,  weak  from  exposure  to  the  chill  and  cold, 
depending  for  water  on  a  muddy  stream  and  for  food  on  plugs 
of  tobacco  and  leaves  of  the  underbrush,  endured  the  strain, 
their  spirits  supported  by  their  commander's  hourly  message 
of  "Keep  cool,  men,''  and  also  by  his  answer,  '^  Go  to  hellT" 
to  the  Germans  when  they  demanded  surrender. 

'*That,"  said  Mr.  McAdoo  in  his  address  at  the  armory, 
'^wasa  splendid  American  defiance.  It  is  one  of  those  records 
of  valor  that  will  live  forever  in  American  history.  I  take  off 
•By  hat  to  Whittiesey.  There  in  France  he  gave  new  history 
to  the  Stars  and  Stripes."  No  wonder,  then,  that  just  after  the 
^•imian  had  presented  Colonel  ^NTiittiesey  to  the  audience, 
Mr.  Safford,  the  organist  and  choirmaster  of  St.  George's,  who 


led  the  singing,  called  for  three  cheers  for  the  young  officer, 
and  they  were  given  with  a  vim.  Bishop  Greer  leading. 

Mr.  McAdoo  s  address  had  been  an  eloquent  tribute  to  the 
patriotism  of  the  people  from  one  who  knew,  as  shown  by  his 
own  brilliantly  successful  work  in  conducting  Liberty  Loan  and 
War  Savings  Stamp  campaigns.  Colonel  Whittiesey's  address 
was  also  a  toibute  both  to  the  valor  and  to  the  tolerance  shown 
by  his  men.  As  to  the  valor,  the  speaker  paid  special  tribute  to 
Father  Hallijean,  of  the  808th  Infantry,  and  told  how  some 
American  officers  had  been  killed  on  a  hill  above  the  Vesle 
River,  an  affluent  of  the  Aisne,  but  that  their  bodies  could  not 
be  removed  for  burial  because  the  ground  was  being  continu- 
ally swept  by  a  hail  of  German  shdl  fire.  Neverthdess,  with 
some  volunteers,  the  intrepid  priest  went  to  the  hill  and  buried 
the  bodies.  No  wonder  that  Colonel  Whittlesey  condnded  this 
narrative  with  "  He  was  our  Padre,  and  we  loved  him."  As  to 
tolerance,  the  audience  caught  such  phrases  as  these : 

But  my  outstanding  recollections  of  the  war  concern  not  so 
much  the  couraee  of  the  men  as  their  kindliness.  Hardship  and 
Buffering  seemed  to  bring  a  fine  peace  of  mind  and  to  do  away 
with  muice  and  bitterness.  I  don't  mean  to  make  any  compar- 
ison between  our  men  and  the  men  of  the  French,  British,  and 
other  nations  who  have  suffered  more  than  we.  Never  in  any  one 
generation  have  so  many  men  endured  such  hardships  as  they 
have.  Not  having  had  such  suffering,  however,  it  has  heen  more 
possible  for  us  to  avoid  hatred.  Onr  men  who  have  been  facing 
and  fighting  the  Germans  won't  come  back  hatiiu'  them.  Why, 
thev  might  even  share  their  cigarettes  with  the  Kaiser  himself 
if  they  met  him  on  the  road. 

Silence  greeted  this  portion  of  the  speaker's  address,  a  con- 
trast to  the  vigorous  applause  which  punctuated  the  rest  of  his 
speech.  "  Mind  you,"  the  speaker  added,  **  I  do  not  want  to  let 
the  (Germans  off  too  easily.  I  merely  want  to  see  justice  done. 
Germany  after  the  war,  it  must  be  remembered,  is  going  to  be 
part  of  our  world  community." 

This  incident  showed  that  a  real  leader  of  men,  who  can 
defy  the  Germans  with  "  Go  to  hdl  I"  when  necessary,  can  also 
have  it  in  his  heart  to  be  incredibly  tolerant. 


I 


A  WELCOME  CHURCH  UNION 

The  six  parishes  which  had  the  happy  idea  of  uniting  in 
this  victory  service  are  the  Church  of  the  Ascension,  Calvary 
Church,  Grace  Church,  the  Church  of  the  Holy  Communion, 
St.  Greorge's,  and  St.  Mark's.  They  are  in  the  oentral  part  of 
New  York  City.  That  district  has  changed  from  a  neighborhood 
of  homes  to  one  of  business.  Many  men  and  women  who  continue 
to  go  regularly  to  these  churches  live  &r  away.  Although  their 
sympathy  and  co-operation  are  strong  in  parish  endeavors,  the 
actual  work  becomes  all  the  harder  when  the  parishioners'  resi- 
dences are  not  in  the  parish.  Hence  the  achievements  of  these 
six  parishes  are  the  more  marked.  They  employ  about  270  paid 
workers,  who  give  all  or  most  of  their  time  to  parish  activities, 
and  nearly  1,800  volunteered  unpaid  workers.  Hieir  parish 
lists  total  over  18,000  names.  During  the  present  year  they 
have  held  nearly  6,000  services.  They  occupy  fifty-five  different 
buildings.  Their  work  has  become  that  of  an  administration  of 
an  institutional  church,  for  these  buildings  indude  not  only 
churches,  chapels,  and  missions,  but  also  reading-rooms,  dubs, 
restaurants  and  lunch-rooms,  industrial  schools,  hospitals,  dis- 
pensaries, day  nurseries,  kindergartens,  settlement  houses,  can- 
teens, lodging-houses,  gymnasiums,  etc.  The  work  done  in  all 
these  pla<»s  has  been  wonderfully  effective.  It  forms  an  elo- 
quent reply  to  those  who  daim  that  "  the  Church  is  a  failure." 

By  means  of  a  Council,  of  which  Mr.  George  S^briskie,  of 
Calvary  Church,  is  chairman,  and  Mr.  Theodore  H.  Price,  of 
St  George's,  is  secretary,  these  churches  have  not  only  associ- 
ated themsdves  together  for  the  praiseworthy  purpose  of  a 
common  cdebration,  but  must,  we  believe,  inevitably  associate 
themsdves  together  for  common  work.  Economy  and  efficiency 
alike  call  for  such  church  union.  Particularly  is  this  the  case 
in  a  district  whose  residents  find  themselves  surrounded,  not  by 
homes,  but  by  business  buildings,  by  cheap  boarding-houses,  and 
by  worse. 

One  reason  why  people  assume  the  Church  to  be  a  failure  is 
because  the  Churon  is  too  much  subdivided.    If  tiie  various 


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churches  belonging  to  one  communion  in  a  oommrai  district  can 
get  together,  that  is  a  gain.  If  all  the  churches  in  a  common 
aistriot  could  get  to?eSier,  that  would  be  a  greater  gtun.  la 
union  there  is  strengui. 


ATHLETICS  IN  THE  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS 

Anything  shriller  in  high-treble  yelling  and  anything 
noisier  in  persistent  stamping  of  feet  than  the  din  produced  by 
several  thousand  boys  in  me  galleries  at  the  Twenty-Second 
Regiment  Armory,  in  New  York  City,  on  December  14,  could 
hardly  be  imagined.  The  gallery  gods  looked  down  upon  twenty- 
two  hundred  other  boys  marching  arouud  the  armory.  Among 
them  were  many  athletic  local  lighte  who  were  about  to  show 
their  prowess,  for  this  was  the  Sixteenth  Anniud  Meeting  of 
the  New  York  Public  Schools  Athletic  League. 

Its  President,  General  George  W.  Wingate,  made  a  short 
address  as  soon  as  the  procession  ha<l  "  processetl  "  euough,  the 
National  anthem  had  been  snug,  and  the  flag  saluted — an  effec- 
tive and  impressive  salute  it  was,  too,  from  the  athletes. 

The  salute  to  the  flag  from  boys  nine  out  of  every  ten  of  whom 
looked  Jewish  I  Somehow  one  got  an  idea  of  the  comprehensive- 
ness of  what  we  call  "  Americanism."  And  the  sightseer's  pre- 
conceived notions  of  the  Jewish  race  received  rather  a  jog  also 
as  he  saw  one  Hebrew  after  another  among  the  "  firsts,"  "  sec- 
onds," and  "thirds." 

The  records  were  remarkable  both  in  track  and  field — the 
40,  60,  60,  70,  and  100  yard  dashes,  for  instance.  No  less  than 
four  boys  smashed  the  record  in  the  40-yard  dash  ;  the  winner 
completed  the  distance  in  only  six  seconds.  The  winner  of  the 
lOO-yiurd  dash  went  through  in  llf  seconds.  There  was  an 
eight-pound  shot-putting  contest,  the  light-weight  class  being 
led  by  a  very  yoimg  gentleman  named  Rosenberg  with  the 
healthy  heave  of  34  feet.  Then  there  were  the  running  high 
jiunps  and  the  standing  broad  jumps  by  the  85,  100,  and  115 
pound  classes.  Here  again  the  httle  lads  did  wonders.  Think  of 
a  young  boy  of  the  86-ponnd  class  doing  a  running  high  jiunp 
with  a  leap  of  4  feet  6  inches  and  a  standing  broad  jump  of  8 
feet  4J^  inches  I 

When  the  affair  was  all  over,  the  sightseer  found  himself  in 
a  great  outgoing  crowd,  not  the  usual  public-sc^hool  crowd  of 
the  streets,  white-faced  and  narrow-chested,  but  a  fairly  ruddy- 
faced,  bright-eyed,  standing-up-straight,  perspiring  "  gang  ;" 
one  not  at  all  "  beefy,"  perhaps  betiause  of  the  predominant 
Semitic  strain  in  it.  That  strain  had  already  shown  that  the 
nervous  and  mental  quality  of  the  Jewish  race  was  worth  some- 
thing whenever  one  had  to  jump. 

We  hope  to  see  an  extension  of  systematic  athletic  and 
physical  training  in  all  our  public  schools,  rural  as  well  as 
urban.    General  Wingate  has  shown  the  way. 

A   DISTINGUISHED    RUSSIAN  COMPOSER 

Sergei  Vassilievich  Rachmaninoff,  who  arrived  a  short 
time  ago  with  his  famUy  in  New  York  to  make  a  considerable 
stay  here  until  conditions  are  more  settled  in  Russia,  is  one  of 
the  most  gifted  and  widely  known  of  Russian  composers.  The 
rich  and  warm  temperament,  touched  both  with  passion  and 
with  a  high  spiritual  nobility,  which  has  given  his  well-known — 
almost  too  well  known — "  Prelude  in  C-Sharp  Minor  "  for  piano 
its  universal  popularity,  is  found  in  almost  all  his  works ;  and 
it  is  of  happy  augury  for  music  that,  although  asked  to  take  the 
conductorship  of  the  Boston  Symphony  Orchestra,  he  preferred 
while  in  America  to  devote  himself  to  further  composition.  He 
belongs,  not  to  the  narrowly  national "  Russian  "  school  of  those 
composers,  like  Moussoi^ky,  who  have  confined  themselves 
largely  to  the  idiom  of  Russian  folk-song  and  the  exploitation 
of  Oriental  coloring,  but  rather  to  the  "  Western  "  or  cosmo- 

¥>litan  school,  speaking  the  world  language  of  music,  of  which 
schaikowsky  is  the  greatest  representative.  Indeed,  Mr. 
Ra^rhmaninoff  has  always  felt  a  loyal  devotion  to  Tschaikowsky, 
as  man  as  well  as  musician,  to  which  he  has  given  expression  in 
his  "  Elegiac  Trio "  to  the  memory  of  the  composer  of  the 
"Sjrmphonie  Pathetique."  His  own  music,  especially  his 
orchestral  music,  resembles  Tschaikowsky 's  in  its  rich  instru- 
mental coloring,    its    sustained    dramatic   climaxes,    and    its 


unashamed  use  of  clear  melodies,  sometimes  almost  of  n 
Italian  suavity  and  grace.  While  it  has  also  the  same  pemj 
ing  melancholy,  it  is  less  sentimental,  more  vigorous  aaj 
masculine. 

Bom  in  1873,  of  a  landed  family,  Mr.  Rachmaninoff  «■ 
educated  at  the  PetH^rad  and  Moscow  Conservatori^,  work 
ing  in  composition  under  Taneieff  and  Arensby,  and  gradnatii^ 
with  highest  honors  in  both  composition  and  piano.  (He  \m 
always  written  much  for  piano,  and  his  three  Piano  Couoerti^ 
especially  the  second,  in  C  muior,  are  among  the  most  '*  gr«t» 
ful  "  modem  examples  of  this  now  little-cultivated  form.)  lb 
has  worked  in  all  fields,  his  operas  "  Alsko,"  "  The  MtM 
Knight,"  and  "  Francesca  da  Rimini "  being  well  known  ii 
Russia.  Peculiarly  individual  and  beautiful  are  his  songs,  mI 
known  here  as  they  should  be.  It  is  not  too  much  to  say  tlul 
«  The  Island,"  "  The  Open  Grave,"  "  Before  the  Icon,"  uJ 
others  rank  with  the  great  song  literature  of  elder  mastenJ 
But  his  masterpieces  are  undoubtedly  the  "  Second  Symphony  iij 
E  Minor,"  and  the  symphonic  poem  "  The  Island  of  the  Dead." 
after  a  picture  by  Arnold  Bocklin.  The  symphony,  though  »if^ 
fering  at  times  from  diffuseness,  is  a  work  of  great  nohilitr, 
variety,  and  individuality.  Though  some  of  its  memes,  nots% 
one  in  the  finale,  might  have  strayed  from  Tschaikowskr't 
pages,  it  is  for  the  most  part,  especially  the  wildly  rhytfamir 
scherzo,  completely  his  own.  "  The  Island  of  the  Dead,"  with 
its  strange  hoUow  harmonies,  its  hypnotic  five-beat  time,  and 
its  thrilling  climaxes,  is  an  unforgetable  tone  picture  of  ifr 
uncanny  subject.  Mr.  Rachmaninoff  never  aims,  like  some  d 
his  contemporaries,  merely  to  startle.  His  music  is  always  sin- 
cere, direct,  and  touched  with  the  magic  of  poetry  and  imagi- 
nation. 


THE  AMERICAN  BOARD   AND  JAPAN 

The  109th  annual  meeting  of  the  American  Board  d 
Commissioners  for  Foreign  Missions  (Congr^^tional)  has  jo^t 
closed.  It  was  held  at  Hartford,  Connecticut. 

The  meeting  was  notable  as  the  first  of  the  great  National 
missionary  societies  to  come  together  in  annnal  session  since  tbr 
signing  of  the  armistice.  The  meeting  was  also  notable  becao*- 
of  the  presence  of  missionaries  from  the  liberated  nations.  Bnt 
a  particidar  impression  was  made  by  the  account  of  the  decisioct- 
of  the  American  Board's  deputation  sent  to  Japan  last  spring. 

Its  report  showed,  first,  the  growing  friendliness  of  Japan 
for  the  United  States.  The  deputation  expected  a  friendly 
greeting  ui  Japan,  and  it  received  practically  an  ovation.  Tbe 
report  showed,  second,  that  intellectually  and  spiritually  as  well 
as  socially  and  politically  Japan  is  in  a  critical  period  of  rapU 
transition.  "Issues  of  an  importance  far  beyond  any  po» 
bility  of  description,"  says  the  report,  "  are  being  decided  uiew. 
and  their  consequences  will  reach  into  the  most  distant  fntare." 
Under  these  circumstances,  the  welcome  extended  to  the  Amer- 
ican deputation  was  significant.  Religiously,  the  Japanefif 
Christians  are  unable  as  yet  to  meet  the  country's  needs,  and 
for  years  to  come  must  have  the  co-operation  of  the  establinlM^i 
churches  of  other  lands. 

One  remarkable  and  somewhat  amusing  effect  of  Chritttiau 
teaching  in  Japan  has  been  the  stimulus  given  to  the  old  aw! 
native  religions.  Buddhism,  for  instance,  has  in  some  plaee' 
added  preaching  services  and  Sunday  schools  to  its  temple  ser- 
vice. It  is  not  at  all  uncommon  for  the  missionaries  to  bev  * 
small  bunch  of  Buddhists  singing  lustily : 

"  Buddha  loves  me,  this  I  know 
For  the  Bihh  tells  me  bo." 

Some  Buddhist  se<!t8  even  have  their  own  Y.  M-  B.  A  in 
place  of  the  better-known  and  better-organized  Y.  M.  C.  A 

While  the  American  Board,  an  organization  of  Chrstiai 
churches,  naturally  and  properly  lays  emphasis  on  the  evanfie)' 
istic  duty  and  work  of  the  missionaries  in  Japan,  its  proceed- 
ings were  conspicuously  free  from  the  spirit  of  denominadon* 
proselytizing  which  has  in  the  past  interfered  with  missiooarT 
effort,  Protestant  and  Catholic,  here  and  in  foreign  lands.  Tb' 
animating  purpose  of  the  Board  is  to  support  and  oo^vpai^ 
with  Japanese  Christians  and  to  caiTy  on  and  extend  the  wof^ 
of  Education   and  Social  Service,  which  include   "the  vpn 


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CARTOONSOF      THE     WEEK 


Darling  in  the  New  York-  Tribune 


Z^rrr 


III  Pill  ■iiiMiii 


THZRK'B  OOINO  TO  BK  HORK  THAN  EKOUOH  FOR  EVERYBODY— 


UNLK88  BOMRBODY  TRIES  TO  ORABJI^RE  THAN  BIS  SHARE  AND  SPILLS  IT  ALL 


NOW,   FOR  GOODNESS'  SAKE,  DO  BE  POLITE  I 


dreene  in  thf  Sew  Yttrk  AVvh/h;,'  Telfjfut.i 


van  AT  HOME 
WIRELESS  MEiSAOES  TO  A  DISCONSOLATE  CONQRE88 


Knott  in  the  Dallas  Newt 


'AND    1    INTENDS 
TO    KEEP   IT  '.:• 


HIS  GOOD  OLD  LIFE-PRESERVER 


Thaa^lU  in  London  Opinion 


The  Civilian :  "  Well,  Toinmy,  yer'll  soon  be  back  at  the  ole  jub  a^iii.'' 
The  Soldier:  "Oh,  I  don't  think.     Why,  it'll  take  a  deuce  of  a  tini 
demoimlixe  the  Army  I" 


time  to 


Mortland  in  the  Patting  Show  (London) 


"  Laat  night,  when  our  ntion  allowanoe  o'  ooali  came  in,  the  Uiaana  layi  to 
me,  'John  "Ener^,'  aaTi  ahe,  'now  1  know  wot  a  Coalition  OoT'nment  is,  and 
if  there's  an  election  in  Deoeniber,  I'm  goioc  to  TOte  afin'  it  I' " 


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25  Decnkt 


latest  schemes  reduced  to  their  dearest  form  and:  simplest 
ai^lioatioi)." 


ARTS  AND  CRAFTS 

The  results  of  the  work  being  done  in  ihe  occupational 
departments  of  our  hospitals  for  disabled  soldiers  are  now 
beginning  to  be  ^chibitea.  Among  those  results  we  find  exam- 
ples of  smiple  weaving  and  of  embroidery ;  of  basket,  metal, 
jeweby, ;  and.ei^eoially-  of  wood  work — figures  of  people,  and 
even  iUtistrations  in  carved  wood,  often  with  a  touch  of  humor, 
from  familiar  fainr  tales  such  as  "  The  House  that  Jack  Built " 
and  "  The  Old  Woman  that  Lived  in  a  Shoe." 

To  the  disabled  men,  who  have  been  cruelly  restricted  in 
most  opportunities  for  work,  there  has  come,  we  fear,  a  certain 
flagging  zest  for  life.  Yet  here  we  have  the  welcome  proofs 
thkt  even  those  who  have  been  terribly  wounded  can,  with  their 
own  hands,  fashion  works  of  use  and  beauty,  and  in  so  doing 
can  themselves  b^;in  again  to  enjoy  a  little  heidthful  activity. 

Perhaps  some  of  these  men  will  have  to  take  up  such  work 
as  a  livelihood.  If  so,  they  will  want  to  be  more  thoroughly 
instructed  than  they  can  be  in  a  hospital.  Is  this  possible? 
There  are,  it  is  true,  three  good  schools  m  Boston  and  one  each 
in  Worcester,  Providence,  the  Boroughs  of  Brooklyn  and  Man- 
hattan of  New  York  City,  Philadelphia,  and  Chicago.  But, 
taking  the  country  as  a  whole,  we  are  praotioaUy  sohoolless  as 
regards  industrial  art 

And  yet  we  know  that  such  arts  and  crafts  work  Qike  that 
above  mentioned,  and  also  in  leather,  tapestries,  rugs,  silver- 
smithing,  wall-paper,  glass,  and  pottery)  commands  purehases 
in  this  country  totaling  half  a  billion  dollars  a  year. 

What  is  more,  dunng  the  years  of  the  war  such  work  has 
been  steadfly  improriug  m  muMity  as  it  has  been  increasing  in 
quantity.  How,  given  ihe  absence  of  education,  has  this  been- 
possible  ?  Because  much  work  of  the  highest  order  has  been . 
produced  here  by  foreigfoers-^f  rench,  Italian,  English,  Scotch, 
Norwegian,  Furnish,  German,  Austrian. 

With  tiie  dose  of  the  war,  however,  £urope  can  no  longer 
give  or  even  lend  ns  any  great  designers — indeed,  she  wants  some 
of  our  foreign  workers  back  again.  Henoe  while  they  are  still 
here  we  nera  to  establish  industrial  art  schools,  so  that,  as  soon 
as  may  be,  we  can  be  prepared  for  the  reconstruction  period 
suddenly  thrust  upon  us,  and  take  advantage  of  the  opportunities 
now  open  to  as  through  the  temporary  msorganization  of  die 
productive  activities  abroad. 

This,  we  are  glad  to  say,  is  acting  as  an  additional  spur  to 
our  museums  in  putting  forth  educational  endeavor.  The  great- 
est of  than  in  oolleotions  of  industrial  art,  and  also  bavin?  the 
lanest  audience  to  address — ^the  Metropolitan  Museum  of  Art 
in  New  York  City — is  appropriatdy  making  the  chief  endeavor. 
It  teaches,  guides,  publishes.  It  hdps  craftsmen,  designers,  and 
mannfaotnrers-b^  making  its  ooUeotions  readily  accessible  to 
them,  by  educatmg  them  effectivdy,  by  inducing  classes  of 
artisans  and  designers  to  follow  the  superior  technical  efforts  of 
tiie  past,  and,  above  all,  by  influencing  tiiem  to  make  such  indi- 
vidual and  modem  use  of  the  fine  things  in  our  museums  that 
a  truly  American  National  style  will  gradusJly  ti^e  shape. 

Throughout  the  country  there  are  other  similar  and  very  prac- 
tical efforts — as,  for  instance,  in  Cleveland,  where  the  School  of 
Art  is  oo-operating  with  the  clothing  trade  to  train  competent 
designers  of  dothing  so  that  we  may  not  always  have  to  look 
t6  Paris  for  the  importation  of  the  most  sought  for  designs. 

There  are  also  the  efforts  put  forth  by  various  societies — as, 
for  instance,  the  Boston  Society  of  Arts  and  Crafts  ;  it  sells  for 
its  members  upwards  of  a  hundred  thousand  dollars  a  year  in 
handicraft  work  which  has  passed  a  severe  jury  before  being 
exhibited  in  the  Society's  salesroom.  There  is  also  the  annuu 
Arts  and  Crafts  exhibit,  now  in  progress  at  the  National  Arts 
Club  in  New  York  City,  which  shows  how  much  the  handicraft 
work  produced  by  individual  workers,  most  of  them  working 
independently,  not  for  large  employers,  has  advanced  in  merit. 

ART  IN  THE  PUHLIC   SCHOOLS 

The  question  arises,  however,  How  far  do  all  these  good 
influences  reaUy  affect  American  workmen  ?    Sometimes  much 


of  their  particular  creation  seems  only  the  result- of  rsther.palB- 
ful  experimentation  and  wasteful  nile  of  thumb.  And  yet  ait, 
we  believe,  ought  spontaneously  to  enter  into  everything  mt 
make,  from  a  tea-kettie  to  the  plan  of  a  city. 

In  the  ultimate  analysis,  we  will  have  to  look  to  oar  puUit 
schools,  we  bdieve,  and  not  to  our  technical  schools,  fortibe  leil 
grmmding  of  an  American  appreciation  of  art  in  all  its  ramifi- 
cations. If  the  cnild  can  be  taught  that  the  laws  governing  all 
art  products — from  the  decorations  on  a  chum  to  a  painting  I7 
Sargent — are  the  same,  that  will  be  making  a  real  start.  To  tki 
this  we  must  look  to  our  museums  to  maintain  schools  and  rhwim 
not  only  for  decorators  and  designers  but  for  children — espe- 
cially searching  out  those  children  who  are  eager  to  know  same- 
thing  about  desig^.  Some  of  our  museums,  indeed,  are  alieati; 
makmg  such  efforts,  but  t^eir  result  is  as  yet  meager  becaoK 
they  l^k  the  necessary  funds.  The  Toledo  Museum  of  Art,  fat 
instance,  is  just  able  to  handle  some  three  hundred  childRD 
who  really  hunger  for  instruction  in  art ;  with  a  little  mm 
money  it  could  teach  three  thousand,  and  this  it  iM^ies  soon  t» 
do.    It  should,  however,  be  instructing  thirty  thousand. 

Some  time,  we  like  to  think,  all  the  children  of  all  onr  com- 
munities  will  have  a  chance  at  this  kind  of  education.  But  at 
present  the  American  child  grows  up  instructed  to  aay  of  aaj 
act  or  thing,  "  It  is  good,"  or  "  It  is  bad,"  not  also  to  say,  '^  it 
is  beautifi^"  or  "  It  is  ugly."  The  child  is  ignorant  of  tbe  ls«s 
of  design  and  color.  It  is  also  ignorant  as  to  thdr  applieaticn 
to  our  fabrications. 

If  we  had  more  and  better  art  education  in  our*pablie  and 
private  schools ;  if  we  had  mora  schools  of  art  fostered  by  dtj 
and  State  governments ;  above  all,  if,  like  France,  we  had  a 
Secretary  for  such  education  in  the  Cabinet,  there  miefat  coim, 
we  think,  a  conviction  on  the  part  of  all  our  peofde  uiat  art  i» 
really  "  worth  whQe." 

But,  as  has  been  hinted,  if  the  pure  love  of  beauty  does  not 
move  us  towards  such  educational  reform,  tiien  let  a  bv^ 
material  motive  move  us.  If  we  are,  as  we  diink,  to  aapfiiy  ike 
maikets  oi  the  world  wHk  our  prodnots,  we  raaSttaare  ^oata- 
neously  improve  their  appeatance — o&erwiae  the  Test  of  Ac 
world  will  nave  none  at  us. 


THE  LARGEST  FARMING  PROJECT 
YET  ATTEMPTED 

Secretary  Lane,  of  the  Department  of  the  Interior,  has  kii{ 
been  interested  in  devdoping  the  valuable  agricoltoral  land- 
of  the  Indian  reservations,  and  especially  those  in  Montana  aui 
Wyoming.  Mr.  Lane's  interest  has  been  due,  first,  to  the  fact 
that  the  moome  of  the  Indians  from  their  lands  umlfei  paster 
leases  has  not  been  as  great  as  the  income  they  should  reoorc 
under  farming  leases ;  and,  second,  to  the  necessity  for  increM- 
ing  onr  wheat  supply  during  the  war ;  the  Indian  reeervatioBi 
amird  an  opportunity  for  such  increase. 

It  has  not  been  possible  for  the  Indians  to  undertake  ooltin- 
tion  on  the  requisite  scale.  Mr.  Lane  therefore  off»«d  tk 
opportunity  to  those  who  had  had  wide  experience  as  &niM» 
iu  the  Northwest,  provided  he  could  obtain  tor  them  the  nw  oi 
the  land  for  a  term  of  years.  As  all  Indian  lands  are  reserrad 
for  the  Government  on  behalf  of  its  wards,  the  Indians;  tk 
Interior  Department  offered  to  them  to  take  over  thdr  kn^ 
on  a  ten-year  lease,  the  Indian  owners  to  receive  as  their  sharp 
of  the  crop  delivered  at  the  elevator  an  amount  equal  to  many 
times  their  present  income  from  their  land  in  pasture  Ieaae> 
When  the  land  reverts  to  the  owners,  there  will  be  the  additiaoal 
value  of  broken  and  subdued  soil  in  a  high  state  of  cultivstioa- 
All  the  improvements  put  on  the  land  are  also  to  revert  to  tk 
Indian  owner.  No  lease  is  made  without  his  consent,  and  tribal 
lands  leased  must  have  the  approval  of  the  tribal  coonciL  So 
far  the  Indians  have  appreciated  the  situation  and  have  siion 
their  desire  to  co-operate  with  the  GrovemmenL 

The  plan  now  being  put  into  practical  working  by  the  IV- 
partment  is  to  develop  these  Indian  lands  in  units  ct  from  5,000 
to  10,000  acres  each,  putting  capable  and  effident  naanagenoi 
each  unit,  who  will  operate  on  a  combined  salary  and  netjwoft- 
sharing  basis.  The  Department  anticipates  by  the  end  nt^ia** 
years  to  have  approximatdy  200,000  acres  in  crops. 

But  there  were  no  funds  available  under  any  ofoar  laws  pn>^ 


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^g  f or  tbe  neeeasauy  expenses  attending  such  a  productitm 
toodstufiEs.  Hence  it  was  necessary  to  secure  the  assistance 
private  capitaL  Secretary  Lane  intrusted  the  task  of  forming 
oorpotatioa  for  this  purpose  to  Mr.  Thomas  D.  Campbell, 
resident  of  the  Montana  iarming  Corporation.  Mr.  Campbell 
ipealed  to  Mr.  J.  P.  Morgan  ana  his  associates,  who,  recogniz- 

5  the  necessity  of  inoreasmg  our  crops  and  t^e  desirability  of 
tivating  lands  which  might  otherwise  not  be  used,  nnder- 
rote  the  project  to  the  extent  of  $2,000,000. 
Of  course  ^e  first  year's  expenses  must  necessarily  be  large, 
pecially  as  all  of  the  work  will  be  done  by  machinery — indeed, 
le  project  would  be  impossible  along  successful  lines  but  for 
le  use  of  modem  agricultural  machinery.  Tractors  are  of  the 
rst  consideration ;  they  make  it  possible  for  one  man  to  accom- 
ish  the  work  of  several  men  with  horses.  Furthermore,  this 
ork  requires  a  well-equipped  man  who  commands  higher  wages 
lan  thoee  paid  to  ordinary  farm  labor.  Boughly,  it  reqviires 
l)oat  925  an  acre  for  machinery,  labor,  and  seed  before  the  first 
rop  is  produced.  The  succeeding  years  do  not  demand  so  much, 
Bcause  the  machinery,  with  proper  care,  should  last  from  five 
>  ten  years.  Of  course  machinery  like  plows  and  cultivators 
ista  much  longer  than  does  the  fast-moving  machinery  which 
HS  reciprocating  parts  like  an  engine. 

The  nurm  is  now  well  under  way.  One  can  hardly  get  an  idea 
I  it  without  visnalirang  it.  There  are  some  furrows  now  over 
\aee  miles  long,  and  there  will  be  some  six  miles  long.  Plowing 
as  been  goinr  on  at  the  rate  of  from  200  to  500  acres  a-day. 
text  year  it  is  expected  to  plow  at  the  rate  of  1,000  acres  a 
ay.  Mr.  Lane  ana  Mr.  Campbell  will  add  millions  of  bushels 
a  next  year's  crop. 


lELP  THE  ARMENIAN  GIRLS 

The  fonr  chief  American  colleges  in  Turkey  are  at  Beirfit, 
>myma,  and  Constantinople,  those  at  the  Turkish  oapital  being 
ilobert  Colle|;e  and  Constantinople  CoUege.  With  the  deliver- 
kuce  of  Beirut  and  the  more  recent  deliverance  of  Smyrna  and 
Ilonstantinople,  all  these  colleges  are  taking  long  looks  into  the 
ntnre.  One  of  the  four  is  an  institution  for  women- — Constanti- 
lople  College.  It  was  started  in  1871.  It  has  graduated  between 
Foar  hundred  and  five  hundred  girls — Greeks,  Bulgarians,  Serbs, 
Albanians,  Jews,  Turks,  Persians.  The  cultural  side  of  college 
education  has  been  emphasized.  Practical  training  is  now  also  to 
bave  its  place.  Courses  in  agriculture  have  been  lormed,  and  in 
nrdening  the  students  have  the  practical  demonstration  of  the 
Collie  war  garden  of  vegetables  furnishing  food  for  the  College 
table,  a  g^r^n  onltivated  by  both  Faculty  and  pupils.  He  sta- 
lents  are  also  learning  the  care  of  bees  and  silkworms.  Courses 
in  the  practical  arts  luve  been  started,  and  the  girls  are  taught 
that  working  with  the  hands  may  be  as  honorable,  and  often 
Ear  more  necessary,  than  working  solely  with  one's  mind — a 
lessen  perhaps -more  needed  in  the  Orient  than  in  the  Occident. 

A  School  of  Education  is  to  be  established  in  the  CoUe^ ;  it 
is  necessary  in  a  region  in  which  both  quantity  and  quauty  of 
teachers  are  at  fault  and  in  which  there  have  been  practically  no 
training  schools  for  teachers.  The  idea  is  to  have  a  definite 
eoorse  of  two  years  of  intensive  pedagogical  training  so  that 
graduates  may  be  able  to  help  to  bulla  up  an  intelligent  graded 
■yHtem  of  education  for  the  people. 

A  medical  school  is  also  to  l>e  established.  There  is noproper 
training  college  for  women  doctors  or  nurses  in  the  Turkinh 
Empire.  It  is  nardly  necessary  to  point  out  the  ills  that  might 
be  cured  and  the  wrongs  righted  by  a  body  of  women  doctors 
ud  nurses  who  could  visit  the  harems  and  isolated  towns  of 
the  Turkish  Empire,  assist  in  establishing  proper  sanitary 
conditions,  and  teach  a  rudimentary  knowl^ge  of  hygiene 
>nd  the  common  rules  of  health. 

When  we  think  of  the  future  of  women  in  the  Near  f^t,  we 
think  first  of  those  in  Armenia.  Of  all  Near  Eastern  countries 
Armenia  has  suffered  the  most.  Many  thousands  of  homeless 
uid  poverty-sti-icken  women  need  assistance  in  re-establishing 
themselves  and  many  thousands  of  unfortunate  girls  need  care 
*nd  attention.  Constantinople  College  is  especially  drawn  to 
*ork  among  the  Armenian  girls ;  it  started  out  originally  as  a 
fobool  for  wem,  and  they  have  always  constituted  a  large  and 
ooportant  part  of  the  student  body.   They  are  hard-working, 


eager  students,  and  their  love  of  learning  and  their  industry 
are  marked  characteristics.  The  Armenian  young '  women  who 
have  the  advantage  of  such  an  education  as  Constantinople  Col- 
lege now  offers  will  inevitably  be  leaders  among  their  people. 

To  enable  more  Armenian  girls  to  attend  the  College  should 
be  the  duty  of  the  friends  of  Armenia.  If,  amid  the  horrors  of 
war,  the  American  men  and  women  in  Turkey  have  looked  with 
assurance  into  the  future,  assuredly  we  here,  untouched  by  the 
more  distressinp;  consequences  of  war,  should  do  our  part.  We 
should  help  to  increase  the  educational  opportunity  of  Arme- 
nian girls.  The  office  of 'the  Ixeasurer  of  .Constantinople  Col- 
lege is  at  70  Fifth  Avenue,  New  York  City. 

CHRISTMAS,    1918 

THE  angel's  message  to  the  world  takes  on  this  year  a  new 
significance,  and  gives  a  new  confirmation  to  the  modem 
sdiolar's   reading :  "  Glory  to  God  in  the  highest ;  and 
on  earth  peace  among  men  of  good  will." 

There  cannot  be,  there  ought  not  to  be,  peace  toward  men  of 
evil  will.  "  The  law,"  says  Paul,  "  is  not  nude  for  the  righteous 
man,  but  for  the  lawless  and  unruly,  for  murderers  of  fathers 
and  murderers  of  mothers,  for  men  stealers,  for  liars,  for  false 
swearers."  Wit^  such  men  there  can  be  no  peace.  For  them 
there  must  be  law  enforced  by  the  truncheon  of  the  policeman 
or  by  the  bayonet  of  the  soldier.  We  cannot  live  at  peace  with 
a  wild  beast ;  if  we  cannot  tame  him,  we  must  cage  him.  We 
can  have  no  peace  with  the  professional  Criminal,  for  he  attacks 
the  foundations  of  society,  the  fundamental  rights  of  his  fellow- 
men.  There  can  be  no  peace  with  the  Bolshev^i,  for  they  deny 
a  man's  right  to  his  family,  to  his  property,  to  his  life.  There 
can  be  no  peace  with  the  German  nation,  for  it  has  expressed 
no  repentance  for  the  past  and  makes  no  promise  for  the 
future.  It  does  not  regret  its  crimes ;  it  regrets  only  its  failure. 
But  there  can  be,  and  there  ought  to  be,  peace  among  men 
of  good  will,  peace  among  nations  of  good  will.  The  question 
berore  the  world  this  Christmas  is  this  :  Has  the  spirit  of  good 
will  made  such  progress  among  the  nations  of  the  earth  as  to 
furnish  a  ground  m  hope  that  some  plan  can  be  formed  by 
which  honest  controversies  between  them  can  be  settled  by  the 
appeal  to  reason  instead  of  by  the  appeal  to  force  ? 

There  has  been  recently  formed  an  English-Speaking  Union, 
the  President  of  which  is  the  English  statesman  Arthur  J. 
Balfour,  the  object  of  which  is  to  draw  together  in  a  bond  of 
comradeship  the  English-speaking  peoples  of  the  world.  In 
answering  an  invitation  extended  to  Air.  Roosevelt  to  join  tlus 
Union  he  wrote,  on  December  5: 

It  is  wicked  not  to  try  to  live  up  to  high  ideals  and  to  better 
the  condition  of  the  world.  It  u  lolly,  and  may  be  woiae  than 
folly,  not  to  recognize  the  actual  facts  of  existence  while  striving 
thus  to  realize  our  ideals.  There  are  many  oountries  not  yet  at  a 
level  of  advancement  which  permits  real  reoiproei^  of  wilntiens 
with  thero,  and  many  other  countries  so  completely  unlike  oar 
own  that  at  present  no  such  agreement  would  be  possible  with 
them.  But  the  slow  march  forward  of  the  generations  has  bronght 
the  £nglish>speakin|^  peoples  to  a  point  where  sach  an  agree- 
ment is  entirely  feasible  ;  and  it  u  eminently  desirable  among 
ourselves. 

Common  speech  is  advantageous  in  an  International  League, 
because  it  tends  to  prevent  misunderstandings  and  to  promote 
international  good  will.  But  it  is  a  common  spirit  of  good  will, 
not  a  common  speech,  which  is  the  foundation  of  international 
union.  No  electric  bulb  can  be  invented  which  will  light  a  room 
if  there  is  no  electric  current.  No  locomotive  can  be  built  which 
will  draw  a  tnun  if  there  is  no  power  to  move  the  engine.  No 
brush  can  be  devised  which  will  paint  a  picture  if  there  is  no 
artist's  hand  to  wield  the  brush.  No  scheme  which  the  wit  of 
wise  men  at  Versailles  can  possibly  devise  will  secure  peace 
among  the  nations  if  there  is  not  in  the  nations  a  spirit  ot  good 
will  to  give  life  to  their  scheme. 

Mr.  Roosevelt,  who  has  been  skeptical  about  the  possibility 
of  a  League  of  Nations,  believes  that  such  a  league  is  possible 
between  Great  Britain  and  America.  I  am  more  sanguine  than 
Mr.  Koosevelt.  I  believe  that  there  is  such  a  spirit  of  good  will 
in  France  and  Italv,  as  well  as  in  Great  Britain  and  tm  United 
States,  that  these  four  nations  could  wisely  form  a  League  to 


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insure  peace  among  them.  It  is  probable  that  such  a  spirit  of 
good  will  also  pervades  the  Japanese  people,  that  Japan  could 
become,  if  it  chose,  a  fifth  member  of  such  a  League.  These 
five  nations,  uniting  their  energies,  could  guarantee  the  peace 
of  the  world.  No  nation  animated  by  a  spirit  of  ill  will  could 
well  set  them  at  defiance. 

An  Unknown  Friend  sends  to  The  Outlook  the  following  ex- 
tract from  an  address  delivered  by  me  on  International  Brother- 
hood on  March  27, 1899,  in  Tremont  Temple,  Boston,  at  one  of 
a  series  of  meetings  held  there  to  consider  the  questions  sug- 
gested by  the  rescript  of  the  Czar  of  Russia  calling  for  the 
Peace  Conference  which  met  in  May  of  that  year  at  The 
Hague: 

God  is  bringing  the  nations  together.  We  must  establish  courts 
of  reason  for  the  settlement  of  controversies  between  civilized 
nations.  We  must  maintain  a  force  sufficient  to  preserve  law  and 
order  among  barbaric  nations,  and  we  shall  have  small  need  of 
an  army  for  any  other  purpose.  We  must  follow  the  maintenance 
of  law  and  the  establishment  of  order  and  the  foundations  of 
civilization  with  the  vitalizing  forces  that  make  for  civilization^ 
And  we  must  constantly  direct  our  purpose  and  our  policies  to 
the  time  when  the  whole  world  shall  nave  become  civilized,  when 
men,  families,  comnmnides,  will  yield  to  reason  and  to  con- 
science. And  then  we  will  draw  our  sword  Excalibur  from  its 
sheath  and  fling  it  ont  into  the  sea,  rejoicing  that  it  is  gone 
forever. 

This  was  spoken  about  twentyyears  ago.  It  is  still  true.  I 
did  not  then  imagine  that  the  Grerman  was  still  a  vandal,  as 
uncivilized  morally  as  he  was  in  the  days  of  Attila  and  Genseric. 
The  civilized  nations  cannot  yet  throw  away  their  swords,  but 
the  five  great  nations  which  have  wielded  their  swords  together 
in  defending  civilization  from  the  barbarian  can  agree  that  the 
arms  oonsecrated  to  liberty  and  justice  by  an  International  Band 
of  brothers  shall  never  be  turned  against  each  other  and  shall 
be  always  ready  for  mutual  defense  of  liberty  and  justice 
whenever  assailed. 

The  cable  despatches  of  December  17  report  that  ^^the 
President  and  his  colleagues  are  understood  to  be  in  agreement 
that  a  world  government  of  an  elaborate  character  is  not  feasi- 
ble at  this  time,  and  their  attitude  will  be  in  the  direction  of 
the  simplest  organization  a^  a  beginning  of  the  Lei^rue  project." 
This  argues  well  for  the  fulfillment  in  this  year  of  grace  1918 
of  the  angel's  promise,  "'  On  earth  peace  among  men  of  good 
vrilL"  'Lyman  Abbott. 


GERMANY    TO   THE    BAR 

In  all  the-  political  confusion  in  Germany  one  thing  is  '^  con- 
spicuous by  its  absence  " — there  is  not  the  slightest  recognition 
of  the  fact  that  Germany  has  done  wrong.  The  Kaiser,  Luden- 
dorff,  and  Bethmann  Hollweg  are  despised  because  they  failed, 
not  because  they  are  international  criminals. 

It  is  now  admitted  by  many  Germans  that  the  war  was 
planned  and  purposed  by  military,  diplomatic>  and  other  gov- 
ernmental dictators  in  Germany  and  Austria.  But  this  is  con- 
demned, not  because  the  act  was  an  ontrage  against  justice  and 
humanity,  but  because  it  resulted  in  the  suffering  and  humilia- 
tion of  the  German  and  Austrian  peoples.  Dr.  Harold  Williams, 
a  correspondent  of  the  London  "  Chronicle,"  writes  from  Berne 
that  the  "  revolution  "  has  nothing  spontaneous  about  it ;  that 
it  is  "  a  grudgine;  acknowle<igment  of  crushing  military  defeat ;" 
that  "  it  is  completely  unlike  the  Russian  Revolution — no  exul- 
tation in  liberty,  no  particular  indignation  against  the  authors 
of  the  national  misfortune,  no  recognition  of  the  wrong  done 
by  Germany  to  the  world,  not  the  faintest  sign  of  national 
repentance. 

As  we  write  the  indications  are  that  the  Ebert  Ministry  and 
its  administrative  machinery  is  falling  to  pieces.  Ebert  as 
Chancellor  is  the  Chief  of  both  the  Prussian  and  the  National 
Cabinets.  Some  of  his  Ministers  and  colleagues  are  leaving  him, 
it  is  reported.  Solf  has  resigned  as  Secretary  of  Foreign  Affairs, 
Ledebour  (a  Socialist)  has  resigned,  Haase  and  Barth  (both 
Socialists)  are  rumored  to  have  done  the  same  ;  the  President  of 
the  Reichstag  is  threatening  to  convene  that  imitation  Parlia- 
ment. Nevertheless  the  majority  of  the  soldiers  seem  to  sup- 
port the  Cabinet — or  Committee  of  Six,  as  it  is  more  correctly 


called.  The  Prussian  Guards  the  other  day  marched  dm 
Unter  den  Linden,  Berlin,  playing  ^  Deutschland  iiber  ADk' 
and  carrying  the  old  black,  whUe^and  red  Iniperial  flag  'mstai 
of  the  revolutionary  banner.  Lai^e  strikes  are  going  uo  it 
Berlin,  but  rather  for  food  and  for  work,  one  judges,  dum  for 
the  tenets  of  Bolshevism. 

Just  one  faction,  the  so-called  Spartacides,  whose  "'  Spatttati'' 
is  Liebknecht,  are  positively  and  certainly  enemies  of  imperiil^ 
ism  and  militarism.  Nearly  two  years  ago  Liebknecht,  in  a 
interview  with  a  responsible  contributor  to  The  Outlodc,  d^ 
dared  that  the  war  was  "  a  war  for  conquest."  It  may  be  dot 
his  persecution  and  imprisonment  has  made  him  violent  (tb 
Socialist  paper  "  Vorwiirts  "  declares  that  he  is  insane),  but  E 
former  utterances  were  Socialistic  rather  than  Anarchistic.  TW 
Majority  So<;ialists  charge  the  Spartacus  party  with  Knsnu 
Bolshevism,  and  the  charge  may  be  true.  No  authentic  Mt- 
ment  from  Liebknecht  as  to  his  purposes  and  aims  has  hm 
published,  so  far  as  we  know.  This  and  other  questions  of  iiit»- 
nal  German  conditions  need  elucidation. 

Germany  is  at  the  bar.  She  is  not  a  partv  to  a  civO  suit  hs 
damages ;  she  stands  criminally .  indicted.  She  broke  into  Bei- 
gium  feloniously;  she  robbed,  tortured,  and  slew  Belgians 
feloniously ;  she  kidnapped  and  dragged  into  slavery  FrnM^- 
men  and  French  girls  feloniously ;  she  destroyed  crops  ami 
houses  without  military  purpose;  she  pillaged  right  andlefi 
contrary  to  her  own  military  laws.  She  is  an  mtemational  feioD. 
caught  red-handed,  overpowered  by  the  world's  police,  about  to 
be  tried  for  murder,  rapine,  and  piracy. 

When  the  people  of  Germany  begin  to  realize  something  ^ 
this,  to  see  the  weakness  of  their  plea  that  might  makes  ngk 
they  may  hope  to  feel  their  way  toward  real  democracy.  Man- 
while  their  shifts  of  self-constituted  CaUnets  and  jog^ 
between  Majority  Socialists,  Minority  Socialists,  and  Sparta- 
cides remind  one  of  the  apoth^m  about  a  certain  historical 
character :  "  The  more  he  changes,  the  more  he  remains  tk 
same." 

Meanwhile  the  Allies  at  Versailles  must  have  some  reoogniinl 
German  Government  with  which  to  deal.  It  does  not  do  in  tinie^ 
of  revolution  and  abdication  to  be  too  particular  about  techntoili- 
ties.  But  in  some  form  the  Gevman  people  must  give  a  recog- 
nizable mandate  to  a  Government  to  represent  the  people.  Hot 
mandate  must  be  based  on  something  else  than  arbitrary  fom 
or  the  temporary  seizure  of  the  wires  of  administration.  W( 
want  no  repetition  of  what  happened  at  Petrograd — the  gn^ 
ing  of  power  by  the  fanatical  or  bribed  leaders  of  a  class  war- 
fare. Neither  do  we  want  a  Government  which  might  be  a 
"  hold-over  "  of  Socialists  who  worked  for  war  hand  in  luml 
with  the  Imperialists — "  Kaiser-minded  "  Socialists,  they  an 
called  in  Germany.  There  is  time  enough  to  *'  goto  the  people." 
to  use  the  English  Parliamentary  phrase.  The  oonstitating  d 
our  Criminal  Court  will  take  weeks ;  the  Allies  are  not  going 
to  dicker  over  peace  terms  with  Grermany  ;  they  will  meet  bj 
themselves  and  lay  down  those  terms  for  her  acceptance  or 
rejection,  l^erefore  it  behooves  Germany  to  convene  hff 
National  or  Constituent  Assembly,  and  to  form  in  that  «a; 
or  some  other  a  body  which  can  fairly  daim  to  speak  for  tht 
whole  body  of  German  citizens. 

German  democracy,  if  it  exists  at  all,  is  inchoate  and  insm 
table.  That  is  Germany's  affair.  Our  interest  is  to  wait  nndl  a 
genuine,  representative  German  Government,  with  a  mandatr 
from  the  people,  appears  on  the  scene. 


IN   DEFENSE    OF    WORRY 

In  view  of  the  unjust  disrepute  of  anxiety  as  a  form  of 
mental  exercise,  an  examination  of  the  many  godH  reasons  vlij 
we  should  worry  is  sharply  pertinent. 

The  best  argument  for  worry  is  the  kind  of  people  who  td 
you  not  to.  Their  smooth  foreheads  are  likely  to  suggest  a  ear 
responding  internal  blankness.  It  seems  as  if  even  to  tbeneein* 
they  must  be  savorless,  these  never- worriers.  As  to  aehievnuat 
they  can  never  reach  the  highest ;  they  may  jog  complacent^ 
either  on  a  mediocre  level  of  success  or  may,  lute  Mr.  Mi<«f' 
ber,  dance  nimbly  along  the  surface  of  flat  &ilnre,  but  to  attua 
the  sure  foot  that  scales  the  heights  one  mast  possess  a  virw 


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sense  of  pit&lls.  Poor  dnllards  of  optimism,  they  miss  the  zest 
ol  that  snocess  g^nuited  pnly  tp  those  who  have  worrie<l  out  a 
coarse  of  conduct  ta.  Qie«t  tW  moBt  pessimistic  forecast  of  the 
future.  .    - 

As  a  friend  the  confirmed  optimist  is  monotonous.  You  like 
a  few  ups  and  downs  in  a  friend.  The  never-worrier  offers  the 
resilience  of  a  punehiug-b^g  to  the  blows  dealt  him  by  his  own 
life,  and  a  corresponding  indifference  to  the  blows  de^t  him  by 
yours.  In  order  to  worry  well  over  some  one  else  one  has  to  be 
thoroughly  practiced  in' worrying  over  one's  self.  We  all  know 
that  when  we  want  sympathy  we  turn  to  the  best  worrier  we  can 
find,  knowing  that  he  will  take  our  case  right  on  and  have  a  fit 
over  it.  When  we  are  choosing  a  comrade,  we  find  the  fact  that 
t  i)enton  has  denied  himself  the  enriching  luxuries  of  worry  a 
positive  deterrent. 

Another  argument  for  worry,  is  the  kind  of  books  that  tell  you 
Dot  to.  Apart  from  their  chaiitcter,  their  very  popularity  fur- 
Dishes  cause  for  profPund:  regret  that  jieople  desire  to  buy  even 
joy  at  wholesale,  that  they  may  demand  even  cheerfulness  in 
the  terrible  tins  oi  thb  t^idy-made.  Such  cheerfulness  is  sadly 
attenuated  by  the  aJbsence  of  good,  meaty  truth.  The  only  cheer 
drnt  contains  nutrime^it  is,  the  kind  tliat  you  raise  in  your  own 
^rden  and  put  up  witjh,  your  own  hands.  A  work  that  can 
uinoimce  itself  to  thedry-goods  counter  as  "  The  Happy  Book  " 
is  a  Imok  promptly  shunned  by  readers  who  read.  Such  a  book 
is  as  true  to  life  as  &  child's  book  of  sketches — -shapes  whose 
Fouventional  outlines  make  them  pass  for  men  and  women  and 
irheelbarrows,  daubed  i|i  oolors  of  luishaded  radiance. 

The  manufacturers  of  the  happy  iHHik  and  the  happy  ending 
ue  unhampered,  by  suph  bagatelles  as  life  and  truui  and  art, 
md  thus  perhaps  tl^ir  nursery  pinks  and  blues  may  bring  joy 
to  all  but  two  perverse  classes,  the  writers  who  yearn  topor- 
tray  life,  the  readers  who  yearn  to  have  it  portrayed.  These 
two  classes  belone,  however,  to  the  stUl  larger  one  of  worriers- 
by-oMiviction.  Taey  remember,  perhaps,  a  certain  passage  of 
iniiuitable  anguish  over  the  casting  of  a  little  silver  image.  Why 
ihould  Cellini  have  worried  over  his  Perseus  ?  Merely  because 
be  was  Cellini  and  an  artist.  They  remember  the  sweatings 
md  the  blood-lettings  with  which  certain  books  have  come  forui 
— lNN)ks  not  happy,  p^jrh^P^  hnt  for  all  eternity  great,  because  by 
painting  truth  they  clear  our. eyes  and  strengthen^  our  vill8..ta 
manufacture  our  own  happiness. 

The  worriers-by-conviction  know  that  in  no  department  of 
life  is  the  maxim  that  conscience  makes  cowards  of  us  all  so 
tnie  as  in  the  aesthetic  Fear  is  the  beginning  of  imagination, 
lud  the  only  kind  possible  to  dull  minds.  It  follows  that  fear 
8  the  first  step  in  the  evolution  of  appreciation,  which  finds  its 
iiower  in  the  creative  temperament.  All  along  the  advance 
[)e!<Hiiuism,  pointing  out  the  shadows,  prying  into  the  pitfalls, 
iharpens  the  sense  tor  values  of  which  true  art  must  he  com- 
aosed.  The  imagination  that  is  able  to  visualize  any  success 
rorth  achieving  must  necessarily  l)e  able  to  visualize  failure 
m<l  to  quiver  beneath  the  lash  of  its  possibility.  The  artist  who 
loes  not  worry  had  better  instantly  spur  himself  to  worry  over 
hat  fact,  for  worry  is  a  fundamental  intellectual  asset. 

The  moral  advantage  of  fever  and  fret  are  even  g^reater  than 
he  mental.  Our  ancestors  recognized  this  fact  and  provided 
or  it,  but  our  pusillanimous  cheerfuhiess  recoils  before. their 
'oltiwt  recognition  of  mnsde.  Knowing  the  placidity  resultant 
rom  t>eing  unable  to  stand  up  and  fight  a  good  husky  Fear  on 
Its  own  ground,  they  created  the  Fear  and  the  grounil,  calling 
he  one  the  Devil  and  the  other  HelL  There  usra  to  be  a  most 
tiniulating  littie  signboard  at  the  entrance  of  hell,  "  Who  enters 
lei-e  leaves  hope  b^ind,"  but  many  modems  make  the  depress- 
iig  amendment, "  There  isn't  any  such  '  here '  to  enter."  In  like 
uainier,  unconsciously,  we  pine  for  the  gootl  old  devil  of  our 
orefathers.  He  used  to  be  always  hanging  around  handy  for 
row  to  test  your  heroism  upon  him.  He  was  worry  incarnate, 
mtviding  the  most  muscular  exei-cise  for  anybody  who  wanted 
o  wrestle.  The  anti-worry  campaign  denies  the  usefulness  ef 
mgaltoos,  whereas  a  really  good  bugaboo  is  a  lilieral  education. 
Junstaut  companionship  with  him  is  a  training  in  imagination, 
n  sympathy,  m  self-dependence,  and,  last — an  argument  which 
moi'ks  out  from  under  him  the  strongest  support  of  the  opti- 
nist  -in  the  joy  of  life. 

Can  the  non-worrier  ev»r  know  the  hero  thrill  of  the  hair* 


breadth  rescues  we  did  not  make  when  the  boat  did  not  go 
down  ?  Can  he  experience  the  pride  of  the  economy  we  did  not 
practice  when  the  bank  did  not  bSl?.  Has  he  ever  tested  the 
quintessence  of  relief  when  the  best-loved  one  did  not  die  of  the 

Sneumonia  she  did  not  have  ?  How  can  the  poor  optimist  ever 
iseover  that  one  actually  runs  faster  toward  one's  desire  when 
the  dogs  of  worry  are  nipping  one's  heels  ?  Never  the  goal  so 
alluring,  never  the  pace  so  fleet,  never  the  tingle  of  achieve- 
ment so  keen,  as  when  one  perceives  the  prize  threatened.  What 
does  he  know  about  success,  the  man  who  has  never  feared  that 
he  might  faU  ?  W^hat  does  he  know  about  happiness,  anyway, 
the  man  who  believes  in  being  happy  all  the  time?  The  truth  is 
that  worry  puts  a  gilt  edge  of  joy  on  everything. 

But  worry,  to  he  genuinely  edncative,  should  be  systematic 
and  not  slipshod.  The  worrier  should  have  convictions  to  meet 
those  of  the  good-cheer  propagandist.  But  in  this  effort  after 
analysis  and  argument  your  worrier  must  be  mindful  of  one 
danger.  Method  with  melancholy  inclines  to  have  the  same 
resiut  as  the  proverbial  tear-bottle  offer^  to  the  crying  child. 
In  other  words,  worry  is  an  elusive  visitor ;  welcomed  and 
analyzed,  she  is  as  likely  as  not  to  go  flying  out  pf  the  window. 


THE  HAPPY  EREMITE  TENDS  THE 
FURNACE 

The  Happy  Eremite  opened  the  furnace  door. 

His  worst  fears  were  confirmed. 

The  fire  had  "  died  on  him." 

He  looked  at  the  dead  gray  surface  over  the  fire-pot  and 
softiy  cursed.  He  was  not  a  frequent  user  of  profanity,  but, 
like  the  periodical  drunkard,  he  was  a  demon  when  roused.  If 
ever  there  was  justification  for  extreme  language,  he  felt,  now 
was  the  time  for  it.  For  the  particular  furnace  over  which  he 
stood  guardian  belonged  in  that  class  of  things  animate  and 
inanimate  which  are  mild  and  sweet  and  easy-going  is  long  as 
you  sedulously  respect  their  routine,  and  are  disagreeable  and 
mean  and  balky  when  you  presume  to  break  it.  The  furnace 
wotdd  go  along  for  weeks  and  months  with  a  shaking  and 
so-and-so  many  shovels  of  coal  in  the  morning,  and  sp-and-so 
many  shovels  without  the  shaking  at  night,' tod  the  daifapecs 
always  just  this  way  and  the  check-drafts  always  just  that  way; 
and  then  out  of  the  south  on  a  day  would  come  a  ship-load  of 
warm  winds,  escaped  somehow  out  of  the  dungeons  pf  winter, 
and  the  Happy  Eremite  wpuld  throw  a  shovelful  less  than 
usual  on  the  fire  in  the  morning,  and  would  change  the  damp- 
ers and  the  check-drafts  a  bit,  and  would  scatter  ashes  over  the 
fire  at  night  and  leave  a  bed  of  ashes  under  the  fire  by  day  ; 
and  then,  perhaps  l)ecau8e  the  air  was  balmy  and  delioionsly 
unlike  winter,  he  woiUd  forget  all  about  the  fire  in  the  furnace 
for  two  or  three  hours  or  half  a  day. 

_  And  then  the  fire,  disgruntled  at  the  interruption  of  the  rou- 
tine and  peeved  at  his  inattention,  would  "  go  and  die  on  him," 
as  it  had  "  died  on  him  "  now ;  and  the  labor  of  resurrecting  it 
was  as  no  other  labor  known. 

For  there  was  first  the  dead  fire  to  remove;  first  endless 
shaking,  then  endless  shoveling  of  ashes  out  of  the  furnace  into 
the  ash-barrel  amid  clouds  of  dust  that  invaded  his  eyes  and  ears 
and  nostrils  and  settled  heavily  on  his  hair  and  his  clothes ;  then 
the  slow  building  of  the  fire  in  the  fire-pot,  so  deep  that  the 
kindling  disappeared  as  uito  a  bottomless  pit. 

It  was  in  the  making  of  the  new  fire  that  the  furnace  dis- 
playetl  its  most  cantankerous  qualities,  for  whereas  it  habitually 
drew  with  a  fury  that  was  the  coal  man's  delight  and  the 
Happy  Eremite's  de8]>air,  it  sullenly  discouraged  the  kindling 
from  burning  and  i-efnsed  a  current  of  oxygen  even  to  the 
crunched  ball  of  newspaper  underneath.  The  part  of  the  Happy 
Eremite  thereupon  was  to  dive  into  the  blackness  of  the  fire-pot 
and  draw  forth  the  sticks  of  charred  wood,  and  rebuild.  He 
did  this  sometimes  twice,  occasionally  more  often  stilL  At  last 
the  kindling  would  bum. 

And  at  this  point  the  furnace  would  reveal  another  facet  of 
its  disagreeable  disposition.  If  the  Huppy  Eremite  chose  to 
remain  m  the  <-hoking  air  of  the  cellar,  the  preliminary  blaze 
would  sputter  and  struggle  for  existence  for  a  half-hour  or 


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more  before  tlie  fire-bed  wonM  be  ready  for  tiie  first  Inmpe  of 
cool  earefnlly  laid  upon  it  by  band ;  bnt  if  he  ohoee  to  use  that 
half-honr  to  do  some  other  work  mider  pleasanter  surroundings 
the  kindline  would  flare  up  like  paper  and  be  burned  to  dead 
ashes  long  before  he  returned.  Even  when  he  did  arrive  in  time, 
the  task  of  building  up  a  roaring  ooal  fire  on  a  few  sticks, 
through  the  interstices  of  which  the  ooal  slipped  with  a  hopeless 
clatter  to  the  grate  beneath,  was  laborious  and  trying  to  the 
sooL  It  consumed  three  hours  at  least,  with  always  the  possi- 
bility that  while  the  Hapjnr  Eremite  was  on  other  emm^  the 
fire  would  take  it  into  its  head  to  bum  itself  out,  leaving  to  its 
distracted  warden  the  renewal  of  his  labors,  even  from  the 
beginning. 

All  tixeae  things  being  as  thejr  were,  the  Happy  Eremite  was 
profane  not  without  reason  when  he  discovered  that  the  fire 
had  "  died  on  him." 

He  gave  up  the  afternoon  to  rebuOding.  He  had  planned  to 
do  other  things,  pleasanter  things,  and  he  felt  gloom  settle  like 
ash  dust  on  his  spirit  as  he  went  about  his  grimy  labors. 

"Lord!  This  is  winter  in  the  country!'  he  grumbled. 
"  December — four  solid  months  to  go  I  Furnace  morning,  noon, 
and  night.  Frozen  pipes,  frozen  water  systems,  frozen  auto 
radiators,  frozen  fingers,  frozen  ears,  departing  cooks.  Man  was 
not  meant  to  live  in  the  country  in  winter.  He  was  not  meant 
to  be  so  *  strapped '  that  he  has  to  hang  about  a  furnace  as  a 
mother  about  a  baby.  It's  absurd!  It's  a  vraste  of  time.  It's  a 
waste  of  energy.  This  is  the  last  winter  I  spend  at  Merribell 
HilL  Next  ^ear  we  go  South  if  we  have  to  go  in  a  fiiwer  and 
have  to  Hve  in  tents  P' 

The  Happy  Eremite  had  said  all  that  before.  He  had  said  it 
five  successive  winters,  each  year  determining  that  surely  this 
ordeal  of  storm  and  bitter  cold  should  be  the  last  And  some- 
how he  had  managed  to  stick  each  winter  through  and  to  face 
the  next. 

"  Be  a  sport  I"  said  a  voice  somewhere  inside  him. 

"  Sport  DC  hanged  I"  he  answered,  indignantly.  "  I  don't  want 
to  be  a  sport !  I  want  to  be  warm.  I  want  to  sit  under  a  palm 
tree  and  fan  myself.  I  want  to  live  on  bananas  and  cocoanuts. 
I  never  want  to  see  a  furnace  agtun !" 

He  threw  a  shovel  of  coal  on  the  fire.  "  As  Sarah  used  to 
Si^:  Jamais/" 


"  Crmwler  V  said  the  voioe. 

**  Nonsense  I"  he  answered.  "  There's  no  use  your  toying  t» 
make  a  moral  issne  out  of  my  objection  to  winter." 

"  Tou  need  winter,"  remarked  the  voioe  within. 

"How  do  I  need  it?" 

**  Your  fiber  needs  toughening.  You've  had  too  pleasant  an 
autumn  on  top  of  a  long  summer.  OU  man,  yoa  are  gettin; 
soft" 

"  Nothing  of  the  sort  I" 

"  Winter  is  the  tonio  of  souls.  It  looks  to  me  as  though  jwo 
needed  a  tablespoonful  nk[iit  and  momiilff  and  between  meib. 
You  need  some  ooal-shoveung,  some  nip'pmg  of  the  ears,  some 
lashing  of  the  face  with  bitter  winds,  some  laboring  in  knee^ 
deep  snow  over  frozen  radiators.  Yon  need  those  things,  and 
you  know  you  need  them.  That  is  why  you  have  never  knit 
your  resolve  to  go  South.  Men  were  not  meant  to  dodge  t» 
seasons.  They  were  meant  to  brave  them  all,  the  oold  and  tbe 
hot,  and  out  of  the  struggle  to  build  a  baekbtme  to  carry  then 
through  the  seasons  of  ease." 

"  l^ur  ideas  are  highly  edifying,"  said  the  Happy  Eremite 
to  tbe  monitory  voice  within.  "  But  suppose  I  shonhl  teD  yoa 
that  I  don't  feu  in  a  mood  to  be  edified,  that  I  wouldn't  care 
whether  I  had  a  backbone  or  not  if  it  were  only  June,  and  tint 
I  wouldn't  take  all  the  fiber  in  tiie  world  for  Ihe  sight  of  an 
ap^e  tree  in  blossom ;  what  then  ?" 

They  argued  it  out.  The  Happy  Eremite  ascended  tbe 
cellar  stairs  dreamily  and  wandered  out  into  the  crisp  air.  He 
debated  the  matter  at  length  with  his  philosophic  adviser  and 
was  <m  the  hill  above  the  bam,  enjoying  the  clear  bine  strip 
of  water  that  was  the  Sound,  throe  miles  aw»r,  before  be 
returned  to  full  consciousness  of  this  world's  aluirs,  notaUy 
the  furnace. 

"  And  all  the  drafts  are  wide  open  I"  he  cried. 

He  ran  back  to  the  house  at  top  speed. 

His  worst  fears  were  confirmed.  Onoe  more  the  fin  bad 
"died  on  him." 

He  chuckled.  Then  he  laughed.  Then  he  reached  im  tbe 
shaker. 

"  Come  on,  old  boy !  No  rest  for  the  weary  I  But,  Lord,  «e 
are  going  to  have  a  most  remarkable  soul  at  the  aid  of  tUs 
winter  I'  said  the  Happy  Eremite. 


THE  LAST  ADVANCE 

BY   CAPTAIN   W.   KERR    RAINSFORD 

Our  readers  will  remember  that  Captain  Rainsford  contributed  to  The  Outlook  last  April  a  spirited  poem,  **  Fang^a-Ballagh  "  (Clear  the 
Way),  juBt  aa  his  regiment,  the  307th  Infantrv,  was  starting  for  the  front  His  r^ment  has  proved  to  be  all  that "Faogh-a-Ballagh "  prom- 
isedf  for  it.  Captain  Rainsford  was  woiuidea  in  two  battles.  On  recovering  from  the  woands  of  the  first  battle  he  took  part  in  the  Aigoone 
offensive,  where  he  was  again  shot  four  times.   He  is  now  recovering  in  a  base  hospital,  where  these  verses  were  written. — ^Thb  £ditob8. 


We  have  shed  our  blood  with  the  English  blood ; 

We  have  bled  with  bleeding  France ; 
We  have  joined  our  steel  in  l£e  last  appeal 

At  the  red  tribunal  of  Chance, 
Where  shoulder  to  shoulder  the  nations  stand 

For  the  glorious  last  advance. 

Shoulder  to  shoulder  and  heart  to  heart. 

Bound  vrith  a  blood-red  chain. 
In  the  meadows  where  Fate  has  danced  with  Hate 

In  the  drip  of  a  blood-red  rain  ; 
In  the  trampled  meadows  where  Death  has  reaped. 

Has  sown — and  has  reaped  again  ; 
Brothers  in  pain  and  sick  fatigue 

And  in  purpose,  that  recks  not  pain — 

We  have  buried  our  dead  on  a  thousand  hills. 

And  thousands  unbnried  lie, 
In  battered  village  and  shattered  wood. 

Agape  at  the  drenching  sky. 
Where  they  poured  their  blood  in  the  trampled  mud 

As  a  witness  to  God  on  high — 
As  the  last  full  price  of  sacrifice 

For  that  which  shall  never  die. 


But  the  ghosts  of  the  twice-fought  fields  shall  rise, 

At  the  chai^ng  battalions'  shout ; 
Shall  swirl  in  the  smoke  of  the  last  barrage 

Over  bayonet  fight  and  rout — 
Shall  sing  in  the  scream  of  passing  shell 

As  we  sweep  to  the  last  redoubt 

For  the  hour  has  struck,  and  the  kingdoms  rock 

On  the  last  red  verge  of  War — 
Our  oountiess  dead  in  the  wind  o'erhead 

At  the  final  barrier, — 
One  swift-drawn  breath  in  the  wind  of  death. 

And  the  Merciful  dates  before. 
Where  Freedom  stands  with  outspread  hands 

Forever  and  evermore. 

And  some  shall  come  home  through  a  sea  of  flags 
When  the  cannon  their  thunder  cease ; 

And  some  shall  lie  alone  with  the  sky 
In  the  Valley  of  Long  Release ; 

And  what  shall  it  matter— if  Freedom  stand 
On  the  Rock  of  Eternal  Peaoe  ? 

American  Baae  Hoapitnl,  Bordeaoz,  October,  1918. 


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ON  THE  EVE  OF  THE  GREAT  SURRENDER 

EDITORIAL  CORRESPONDENCE  FROM  GREAT  BRITAIN 

Thia  is  the  first  of  a  series  of  artadea  in  the  fonn  of  editorial  correspondence  from  Mr.  Ernest  Hamlin  Abbott,  of  the  editorial  staff  of 
The  Outlook.  Mr.  Abbott  has  jost  been  visiting  Great  Britain  and  Irance,  with  other  editorial  writers,  at  the  invitation  and  under  the 
saspices  of  the  British  Government.  NatoraOy,  he  has  had  onosnal  opportonities  for  seeing  and  noting  conditions  ^diieh  are  of  paramount 
interest  to  American  readers. 

After  Uie  armistice  was  signed,  The  Outlook,  by  cable,  re(}uested  Mr.  Abbott  to  go  to  Paris  and  to  remain  there  to  witness  the  meeting  of 
die  delepUes  of  the  Peace  Gohferenoe  and  follow  its  disonssions.  Oat  of  this  will  come  a  second  series  of  articles,  which  will  deal  with  the 
most  important  world  subject  of  our  time. 

Meaniriiile,  Mr.  Gr^;oiy  Mason,  of  Hie  Oailook's  staff,  whose  war  oorrespondatce  articles  from  England  and  Ireland  have  recently  been 
^>pearing  in  The  Oqtlook,  will,  at  our  cabled  request,  reach  Berlin  at  the  fint  opportunity,  probably  visitiiwin  the  meantime  the  territory 
on  the  west  bank  of  the  Rhine  now  occupied  oy  the  Allied  forces.  He  will  periiaps  also  visit  Belgium,  Holland,  and  Scandinavia.  Mr. 
Msaon  was  in  Paris  at  ^e  time  of  the  armistice  and  is  now  in  his  new  field  of  observation. 

These  two  series  of  articles,  in  our  inc^ment,  will  cover  adequately  from  two  different  view-points  the  historical  event  in  which  the  prime 
mterest  of  civilization  is  now  centerea. — ^The  Editoks. 


TiBOUGH  the  mist  whidi  lay  thick  and  o(M  on  the 
waters  of  the  firth  of  Forth  loomed  a  steel<gray  battle. 
ship.  Then  another,  and  another.  Frmn  the  deck  of  the 
submarine  chaser  on  which  I  stood  with  a  group  of  American 
visitors  these  hi^  -vessels  of  war  looked  like  carved  rooks  of 
granite.  They  mu^bt  well  have  been  cra^y  islands  which  a  nuse 
of  giants  bad  soo^tured  into  the  sembkuioe  of  grim  fortresses. 
TiKy  were  as  silent  and  seemed  as  immovable  as  if  they  were  a 
part  of  the  stony  cmBt  of  the  earth  jutting  up  from  the  sea 
bottom.  In  and  out  among  these  monstrous  forms  ran  the  sub- 
marine chaser  like  a  greybonnd  coursing  among  the  pinnades 
of  rock  in  the  Gbxden  m  the  Gods.  As  one  squadron  of  four 
bottlesbiM  emerged  from  the  mist  another  squadron  was  envel- 
oped ana  faded  nom  view.  If  the  day  bad  been  brilliant  with 
Bonligbt  and  the  whole  Grand  Fleet  could  have  been  seen  at 
<mce  assembled  in  the.  firth,  I  could  not  have  received  the 
impression  of  immeasurable  power  that  was  conveyed  l^  the  sight 
of  these  colossal  things  coming  out  of  the  mist  and  then  gomg 
behind  it  again  one  uter  anotner  apparently  without  end. 

Among  uiese  squadrons  of  British  battleships  and  oruiaers 
was  one  consisting  of  battleships  as  grim  and  as  gray,  as  silent 
and  as  implacablej  as  the  rest,  but  of  a  different  pattern.  In- 
stead ot  the  tripod  masts  they  raised  aloft  [basket  masts,  and 
instmd  of  the  Union  Jack  they  flew  the  Stars  and  Stripes.  It 
was  hot  merely  the  British  fleet  that  lay  there — ^it  was  an 
inteniational  fleet,  an  Anglo-American  fleet,  a  fleet  putting  into 
fact  the  ideal  of  ,the  commonwealth  of  the  Enghsh-speaMng 
peoples  of  the  world.    ■  ■      ■ 

And  that  Grand  Fleet  was  there  waitang  the  consummation 
of  Its -victory  over  the  worst,  the  most  d6epi(&ble  foe  that,  sea 
po^erhas  ever  had'to  d'eid  witJi — a  f6e  that  has  resorted  to  the 
most  contemptible  form  of  piracy,  that  has  engaged  in  the 
stealthy  murder  of  women  and  chUdren,  that  baa  done  his  best 
to  destroy,  iite  noblest  traditicms  of  the  sea,  and  that  was  now 
ibout  to  accept  defeat  without  a  fight  Three  days  later  the 
most  powerfm  of  G«rman  battleships  and  cruisers  steamed 
inglonously  into  the  firth  and  were  g;iven  up.  And  the  silent 
warships  of  Britain  and  America  gave  no  ealnte  and  made  no 
sign  of  triumph.  The  silencb  and  immobility  of  those  warships 
88  they  waited  for  the  Giemuuis  and  as  they  received  the  sur- 
render symbolized  the  nature  of  the  struggle  in  which  the  sea 
power  of  Britain — supported  at  last  by  America — had  euCTged. 
The  '^dl^"  which  the  Germans  used  to  toast  proved  a  day  of 
hnmiliia^on.  Is  there  any  other  people  on  tearth  shameless 
enough  to  do  what  the  German  naval  (^cers  did  in  the  firth  of 
For£  on  November  21, 1918  ? 

On  the' waters  of  the  firth  near  Edinburgh  I  saw  a  {ucture  of 
Ghreat  Britain  inexorable. 

Now'let  ine  Hrjto  draw  another  picture. 

At  almost  exactly  the  eleventh  hour  td  the  eleventh  day  of 
the  eleventh  month  of  1918,  when  the  roar  of  artillery  Middenly 
subsided  into  silence  on  the  front  in  France  and  Belgium;  I 
stepped  ashore  in  Ireland.  I  was  in  Paris  the  day  war  broke 
over  France,  and  in  London  the  day  war  broke  over  England. 
It  fell  to  my  lot  to  be  in  Dublin  the  day  ^bting  ceased.  Audi 
am  sure  it  was  £he  place  to  be  in  of  all  putoes  on  earth,  for  I 
believe  that  nowhere  ebe  was  the  end  of  the  war  received  as  it 
was  in  that  city. 

As  I  stood  in  the  lobby  of  the  Shelboume  Hotel  (which  was 
one  of  the  scenes  of  the  fighting  in  the  Sinn  Fein  uprising  in 
191Q  I  heard  the  conf  us^  sound  of  voices  shouting  outside. 


Turning,  I  saw  a  small  mob  of  young  men  waving  flags  and 
trying  to  force  thdr  way  in  through  tOB  revolving  door.  In  a 
moment  they  were  in  the  lobby.  1  heard  among  the  shouts  the 
word  "  American."  Like  a  pack  of  hounds,  they  were  off  through 
the  main  floor  of  the  hotel ;  then  in  a  moment  they  reappeared 
carrying  a  ^ung  naval  officer  (I  think  I  oanght  right  of  the 
American  msignia)  and  a  struggling  civilian  who  Im&ed  very 
unooQifortable  as  they  tried  to  put  him  on  their  shoulders.  They 
made  their  exit  shouting  and  bearing  their  two  hero-victims 
along  the  street  A  man  at  the  door  looked  on  contemptuously. 

"  They  wave  the  Union  Jack  now,"  he  said  in  scorn.  "  That's 
all  they  have  done.  They  didn't  go  and  fight" 

I  had  just  come  from  London.  There,  witli  few  exceptions, 
the  young  men  I  saw — and  I  saw  them  by  hundreds  and  thou- 
sands— were  in  khakL  Here  in  Dublin  there  was  a  crowd  of 
young  men,  and  I  dcm't  think  there  was  a  man  in  khaki  among 
them.  Of  course  there  are  Irishmen  from  the  south  as  well  as 
the  north  who  have  been  fighting,  but  nowhere  in  England 
could  you  see  what  I  saw  in  that  Iniblin  hotel. 

That  evening  Grafton  Street  was  full  at  a  cheering,  singing 
crowd.  The  windows  and  flagstaffs  blossomed  with  the  Union 
Ja^  Young  men  and  young  women  in  squads  were  marching 
baek  and  forth,  arm  in  arm.  As  I  worked  my  way  through  the 
crowd  toward  Trinity  College  and  the  Bank  ot  Ireland  the  crowd 
grew  thinner.  Before  I  reached  the  Post  Office  (the  center  of 
aeistruotion  in  the  Sinn  Fein  uprising)  the  people  were  standing 
around  in  groups.  A  man  in  Australian  uniform  was  haranguing 
a  group  of  people.  He  had  evidently  been  celebrating  the  armi- 
stice with  Irish  whisky  and  was  having  the  time  of  his  life.  There 
was,  however,  almost  no  drunkenness.  I  saw  no  policemen  till 
I  came  upon  a  group  of  them  at  the  head  of  Saokville  Street. 

Then,  as  it  drew  towards  midnight  and  the  loyal  demcmstra- 
tion  began  to  subside,  I  saw  a  big  crowd  coming  aloag  Grafton 
Street  from  the  direction  6l  St  Stephen's  Gbeen.  As  they  drew 
near,  I  heard  them  singing  songs  I  idid  not  know  and  waving 
flags  bearing  a  tricolor — green,  white,  and  atange.  There  was 
no  mistokitig  them — Sinn  F^iners.  As  the^  oame  on  their  num- 
bers augmented.  In  the  center  was  a  fairly  oiganixed  group, 
marching  in  step ;  and  on  either  side  and  oehmd  these  were 
hundreds  of  disorganized  men  and  wmnen.  There  must  have 
been  two  thousand  people  in  the  street  by  the  time  the  crowd 
reached  Trinity  College.  The  songs  they  were  singing  were  rebel 
songs,  the  spirit  <rf  the  organizeil  group  at  least  was  a  rebel 
spirit  Then  over  their  heaas  came  the  sound  of  **  God  Save^  the 
King."  It  was  from  a  group  of  students  behind  the  high  iitm 
fence  that  incloses  the  courtyard  at  the  entrance  to  Trinity 
College,  on  Grafton  Street  A  few  in  the  outskirtB  of  the  crowd 
in  the  street  joined  in  the  patriotic  sons,  whQe  the  Sinn  Feiners 
raised  their  voices  and  sang  the  more  defiantly.  At  the  gates  to 
the  CoUege  the  crowd  stopped,  and  there  ensued  a  duel  of  song, 
rebel  against  loyalist  The  group  behind  the  fence  slowly  with- 
drew to  the  gates  in  the  anyway  entrance  to  the  stone  building ; 
'  die  Sinn  Fern  crowd  called  out  their  taunts  and  received  taimts 
in  rejoinder.  Then  the  poUoe,  who  had  made  no  appearanc-e 
till  now,  b^ran  to  mingle  with  the  crowd.  They  were  exception- 
ally tall  men ;  their  heads  rose  above  the  crowd,  and  their  hel- 
mets added  to  their  height ;  but  they  made  no  effort  to  use  force. 
As  they  moved  slowly,  good-naturedly,  gently,  among  the  crowd 
the  people  quietly  gave  way,  and  before  the  gates  in  the  College 
had  dosed  upon  tho  last  of  the  student  group  the  crowd  b^an 
to  disperse.  £kit  only  for  a  few  minutes.  A  motor  oar  which  had 


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THE   OUTLOOK 


25  Deoenbrr 


been  approaohing  the  crowd  stopped  in  the  middle  of  the  square. 
There  was  something  the  matter  with  the  motor.  A  small  knot 
pf  jieople  gathered  ^bout  it.  blocking  off  the  headlights  that  had 
been  sending  their  glare  into  the  faces  of  the  people.  Somebody 
tried  to  start  the  car  by  pushing  it.  I  walked  over  near  the  car 
to  see  what  was  happening.  A  yonng  woman,  smartly  dressed, 
was  at  the  steering-wheel.  She  seemeid  helpless  but  quite  self- 
composed.  The  crowd  about  the  car  grew  mrger.  I  thought  it 
seemed  a  bit  imfriendly.  Then  the  crowd  began  pushing  the 
car  backward  and  forward.  Two  men  in  khaki  had  opened  the 
hood  of  the  engine  and  were  working  over  it.  The  young  woman 
t>pened  the  car  door  and  called  out  to  the  crowd,  ""  You  ought 
to  be  ashamed  of  yourselves !  These  men  have  been  fighting 
- — -."  The  crowd  shouted  derisively.  Then  the  "bobbies" 
appeared  again,  and  gently  walked  among  the  crowd,  and  the 
crowd  meeldy  gave  way.  That  is  the  way  Dublin  celebrated  the 
armistjoe — with  Union  Jack  and  Sinn  Fein  tricolor,  with  cries 
of  loyalty  and  rebellion.  Under  what  rule  except  that  of  the 
British  could  such  things  be?  Would  we  in  America  let  sedition 
show  its  head  in  the  midst  of  a  celebration  of  victory  ? 

On  the  streets  of  Dublin  the  picture  I  saw  was  not  of  Great 
Britain  inexorable  like  that  which  I  saw  a  few  days  later  in 
the  firth  of  Forth,  but  of  Great  Britain  indulgent. 

It  is  these  two  aspects  of  British  character,  typified  by  the 
battleship  and  the  "  bobby,"  that  are  showing  themselves  in 
this  time  of  victory,  and  are  going  to  be  in  evidence  in  Britain's 
dealing  with  the  appalling  problems  of  peace.  Germany  made 
the  mistake  at  the  dutbreakof  the  war  of  seeing  only  the  British 
bobby  and  forgetting  th6  British  battleship,  hhe  could  never 
onderstand  how  it  was  possible  to  mingle  m  the  same  chanuv 
ter  kindliness  and  sternness,  good  nature  and  inflexibility.  The 
British  had  always  been  so  ready  to  be  friendly  that  the  Ger- 
mans coidd  not  imagine  them  to  be  capable  of  becoming  im- 
placable foes.  The -mistime' Germany  made  has  brought  her  to 
her  min.  And;  strtoee  to  say,  even  after  four  years  of  war, 
four  years  of  cruel  suffering,  Britain  remains  British.  What- 
ever chanee  there  has  been  shows  itself  in  the  intensification  of 
both  qualities.  Britain  was  never  at  kindly,  never  so  stem,  as 
she  b  to-day. 

.  This  &ot  has  been  made  evident  in  the  attitude  of  people 
with  whom  I  have  talked  and  in  the  newspapers  and  journals  I 
have  read  in  FngJand,  Scotland,  and  Ireland  since  I  arrived  on 
the  last  day  of  October.  As  our  steamship,  the  Orduna,  docked 
at  Liverpool  a  newsboy,  in  return  for  pennies  tossed  to  him 
from  the  deck  of  the  ship,  th'jew  over  the  latest  edition-  of  a 
Liverpool  paper.  For  the  first  time  we  learned  what  had  hap- 
pened since  we  left  New  York,  eleven  days  before.  In  those 
eleven  days  the  whole  structures  of  the  Central  Empires  had 
collapsed.  The  end  of  the  war  had  virtually  come.  Turkey  had 
'capitulated.  Austria  was  in  ruins.  Germany  was  at  bay.  How 
was  Britain  taking  it?  Apparently  as  if  the  war  was  to  continue 
for  months  or  years.  The  sale  of  war  bonds  on  the  streets  of 
Liverpool  was  m  full  swing.  There  was  no  sign  of  celebration. 
The  rule  as  to  the  darkening  of  the  windows  of  trains  was  still 
in  full  force.  When  we  arrived  in  London,  we  found  the  streets 
80  dark  that  it  was  hard  to  distinguish  the  street  lamps  from  the 
dim  lights  on  the  taxicabs  and  .buses.  And  the  people  were 
serious.  There  was  no  note  of  jubilation  in  their  voic«8.  The 
war  was  still  on.  Not  an  ounce  of  the  might  of  the  Empire  was 
removed  from  the  force  of  its  blows.  The  week  went  by.  When 
our  steamer,  the  Munster  (sister  ship  of  the  Leinster,  which  the 
Germans  had  murdered),  after  crossmg  the  Irish  Sea,  drew  near 
to  Kingstown,  we  found  awaiting  us  a  dirigfible,  and  were  met 
by  an  airplane  that  scouted  around  us  as  if  the  submarine 
was  as  acute  a  menace  as  ever.  For  several  days  the  news  of 
the  armistice  had  be^i  awaited  with  a  tensity  commensurate 
with  the  suffering  Great  Britain  had  endured.  Then  came  the 
news  of  the  armistice,  of  the  Kaiser's  abdication,  of  his  igno- 
ble flight  into  Holland,  and  of  the  disturbances  in  Germany, 
amounting  to  what  seemed  like  revolution. 

What  r  then  wished  first  of  all  to  learn  was  what  British 
people  thought  should  be  done  with  Germany  and  her  leaders 
m  crime.  And  this  I  quickly  found  to  be  true  -that  the  nearer 
a  man  had  been  to  tne  actual  scene  of  the  struggle,  the  more 
that  he  knew  of  what  the  enemy  had  done,  the  more  that  he  had 
seen  of  the  evil  that  the  Germans  had  wrought,  the  stei-ner  he 


was.  The  sternest  of  all  were — perhaps  naturally — the  men  of 
the  navy.  The  submarine  had  been  supremely  the  inoamatiot 
of  German  criminal  lawlessness.  It  was  in  her  stealthy.,  merri- 
less  murders  at  sea  that  she  had  given  the  most  open  evidence 
of  her  criminality.  So  the  naval  men  whom  I  asked  replied 
almost  without  exception  with  another  question,  ""  Why  not 
hang  them  ?"  On  the  other  hand,  I  was  surprised  at  the  evidence 
I  encoimtered  that  even  after  all  this  suffenng  from  the  iTiminal 
warfare  of  Germans  on  land  and  sea  there  were  people  in  Great 
Britain  inclined  to  levity.  The  very  scorn  of  the  Gennan  whid) 
led  some  to  speak  of  hanging  seemed  to  lead  others  to  think 
that  it  was  beneath  Great  Britain  to  do  anything  more  to  Gct- 
mans  than  she  had  done  already.  There  seems  to  be  an  opinkn 
in  some  quarters  over  here,  too,  that  the  Kaiser  is  a  king,  and 
that  it  is  not  quite  seemly  or  regular  to  hang  kings.  This  opinioa 
is  based  in  some  cases  on  the  nieory  that  a  king,  as  one  distiii-. 
guished  Churchman  put  it,  is  not  a  free  agent,  and  ther^ore 
should  not  be  treated  as  a  criminal  who  can  be  held  aoocmntablf 
for  his  actions.  Moreover,  I  was  asked  what  preoedent  there  was 
for  such  executions.  My  answer  was  that  this  was  an  nnpreoe- 
dented  war ;  that  preoedent  is  to  be  looked  for  not  in  interna 
tional  practices  but  in  the  criminal  law ;  and  that  at  least  one 
precedent  is  to  be  found  in  the  prosecutiim  and  puniskmoit 
inflicted  for  the  iniquities  of  Andersonville  prison.  In  general,  I 
think,  it  may  be  said  that  sternness  predominates  in  Knglaixi 
and  Scotiand  in  opinion  concerning  the  dealing  with  any  who 
can  be  found  guilty  of  the  actual  perpetration  (rf  atrocitieB. 

Though  the  vindication  of  the  public  law  of  naticHis  by  tlie 
punishment  of  those  guilty  of  violating  it  is  most  fundamental 
it  is  not  the  task  that  engages  the  thought  of  people  here  most 
strongly.  The  tasks  that  lie  on  people's  minds  here  are  mainlj 
those  involved  in  building  a  new  world.  Already  New  England 
appears  in  the  newspaper  headlines  as  a  name,  not  for  a  geo- 
graphical part  of  the  United  States,  but  for  a  eenoeption  o/tinaH 
Old  Engluid  must  become.  Indeed,  England  has  already  under 
taken  to  plan  for  the  future.  As  long  before  the  end  vi  the  m 
as  1916  a  Parliamentary  sub-committee  on  reomistraction  «a» 
formed,  and  in  1917  a  department  or  burean,  called  the  Minis- 
try of  Reconstruction,  to  deal  with  problems  of  commerce,  traot- 
portation,  employment  of  women,  sanitation,  and  many  otherk 
arising  out  of  the  war.  If  England  scMuetimes  scans  to  be  look- 
ing at  her  social  problems  with  the  good  nature  of  a  Dnblb 
bobby,  she  has  her  mind  set  on  them  now  with  sometiliing  of  the 
sternness  of  a  battieship. 

But  more  than  the  problem  of  vindicating  the  puUic  law  of 
nations,  more  than  reconstructing  her  internal  Constitution. 
England  -is  concerned  with  the  problems  of  the  new  relatioBi 
between  the  nations  and  races  of  the  world.  These  invidve  prob- 
lems of  material  restoration  of  devastated  territories,  of  the  R- 
lease  of  peoples  held  subjugated  by  the  eld  militaristic  imperial- 
ism of  C^tral  Europe,  and  the  establishment  of  some  basis  of  in- 
ternational co-operation,  commonly  called  the  League  of  Natioiv 

In  the  course  of  this  piece  of  correspondence  I  cannot  deal 
with  this  except  in  two  or  three  of  its  phases  as  illostiatii^ 
what  seems  to  me  to  be  England's  present  temper. 

In  the  first  place,  Enghuid  is  looking  to  America  Ux  activr 
partnership  in  undertaking  these  tasks.  She  has  been  led  to  do 
so  largely  by  what  President  Wilson  has  been  saying.  British 
people,  without  r^ard  to  party,  have  developed  an  amanng 
coniidenoe  in  our  President, .  They  have  forp;otten,  deliberated 
put  out  of  their  minds,  the  unpleasant  experiences  of  aax  penoii 
of  neutrality.  They  attribute  to  the  President  all  that  Anerin 
has  done  to  help  win  the  war,  and  they  are  generoos  in  ea& 
mating  its  value.  They  expect  great  thin^  from  the  ideals  that 
the  President  bas  announced.  They  consider  his  statements  u 
promises  of  Ameri(»'s  active  participation  in  the  labor  (f 
making  the  world  safe  for  free  nations  and  small  law-ab)dia$ 
peoples.  They  see  Russia  in  turmoil  and  near  to  Grermanj: 
they  fear  what  may  happen  if  Germany  can  keep  ^  the  tonnoil 
stirred  up  while  she  gathers  in  Russia's  economic  resoom*- 
They  believe  that  America's  promisee  mean  sometiiine  pracdai 
in  dealing  with  Russia.  And  the  eood  nature  of  Uie  Britiak 
shows  itself  in  a  willingness  to  faU  in  with  almost  anvtiiiii{ 
America — which  to  British  people  means  Presidmt  Wusod— 
suggests.  They  foresee  and  plan  for  a  Commonwealth  d 
Nations,  as  some  of  them  call  it,  with  the  Euglisb-speakiBS 


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peoples  as  already  oonstitatmg  its  nucleus  because  of  their 
extsting  community  of  laws  and  institutioDS  and  ideals.  So 
these  British  brothers  of  ours  are  full '  of  faith  in  us.  Tb^ 
have  seen  our  Navy  working  with  theirs  "  without  a  hitch  "  (as 
one  American  naval  officer  put  it  to  me),  and  they  believe  that 
what  we  have  done  with  our  two  navies  we  can  do  with  anything. 

It  would  be  a  mistake,  however,  to  assume  that  in  this  con- 
sideration of  future  international  relationships  Great  Britain 
is  all  merely  good  nature.  Her  sternness  is  there,  too.  If  we 
understand  that,  we  shall  work  with  her  all  the  better,  for  there 
is  sternness  in  the  American  character  as  well.  American  naval 
officers  worked  in  full  accord  with  the  British  because  they  had 
standards  which  British  strictness  helped  to  maintain. 

If  we  are  going  to  have  any  real  part  as  a  Nation  in  building 
the  structure  of  the  new  world,  we  shall  have  to  remember  that 
one  of  our  partners  in  the  enterprise  has  the  'same  kind  of 
granite  in  her  nature  that  we  like  to  think  we  have. 

There  are  two  things  especially  for  America  to  remember  if 
she  is  to  continue  to  have  power  in  actually  participating  in  the 


task  of  making  the  world  "  safe  for  demooiaoy."  One  thibg  is 
that  Great  Britain  expects  us  to  be  more  than  theoretical. 
Making  the  world  safe  for  democracy  me^s  doing  something^ 
to  make  Russia  safe — and  that  will  require  something  besides 
words,  and  something  right  away.  The  other  is  that  we  must 
find  out  what  we  mean  by  what  we  say.  If  we  say,  "  Freedom 
of  the  seas,"  we  must  be  ready  to  say  what  that  means  when 
Great  Britain  says  "  Gibraltar  "  and  ^'  Panama,"  We  must  be 
ready  to  say  what  we  mean  by  "  self-determination."  The  test 
of  Ajnerica  is  coming  in  these  next  few  months  when  the  imme- 
diate problems  of  co-operation  with  other  nallions  on  an  existing 
basis  of  facts  confront  us.  If  we  do  not  hold  ourselves  sternly 
to  the  meeting  of  that  test,  we  shall  not  find  that  our  theories 
as  to  the  way  the  world  should  be  ultimately  organized  will 
have  much  weight.  To  meet  that  test  will  require  continual 
sacrifice.  America's  share  in  the  burdens  of  the  world  war 
and  its  consequences  did  not  come  to  an  end  with  the  signing 
of  Germany's  great  surrender.     Ernest  HAULfN  Abbott. 

London,  Eng:land,  November  25,  1918. 


THE   SONG  OF  MEN 

BY  THERESA   VIRGINIA    BEARD 


Well-nigh  two  thousand  years  to-night 
A  host  of  angels,  robed  in  light, 
Came  singing  down  the  starry  height ; 
Gloria  in  Excelsis  Deo ! 

Some  simple  shepherds  heard  them  sing, 
Sing  of  a  Ghjyj  a  Saviour-king, — 
And  let  their  IK'ks  go  wandering  ; 
Gloria  in  Exci^Srs  Deo ! 

They  met  two  Wise-Men  on  their  way. 
Led  by  a  star's  prophetic  ray  ; 
They  found  a  Baby  in  the  hay : 
Gloria  in  Excelsis  Deo! 

The  Child  grew  up,  obscure,  deniwl. 
Between  two  thieves,  at  last.  He  died. 
The  words  He  spake  went  far  and  wide ; 
Gloria  in  Excelsis  Deo  I 

ChriiitnuM,  1918. 


Two  thousand  years, — no  angels  throng 
The  silent  skies, — the  ancient  Song 
Springs  from  the  earth,  triumphant,  strong; 
Gloria  in  Excelsis  Deo ! 

"  Good  will,  good  will,"  to-night  as  then. 
Glad  tidings  of  g^reat  joy  agam, 
But  they  who  sing  of  Peace  are  men ; 
Gloria  in  Excelsis  Deo  I 

The  Song  of  Man  .has  but  begun, 
Great  discords  through  the  measures  run. 
But  centuries  their  work  have  done ; 
Gloria  in  Ebccelsis  Deo ! 

For  shepherds,  kings,  and  wise  men  say 
The  Chud  that  in  the  manger  lay 
Is  Prince  of  Peace  on  earth  to^y ; 
Gloria  in  Excelsis  Deo ! 


THE  PEACE  CONFERENCE  AT  VERSAILLES 

IV— SELF-DETERMINATION    AND    ASSISTED    DETERMINATION    OF    STATES' 

BY   ALBERT   BUSHNELL   HART 

PROFESSOR    OF   GOVERNMEIXT   AT   HARVARD    rNIVERSITY 


AMONG  the  principles  set  forth  in  President  Wilson's 
speeches  of  February  11, 1918,  and  Jidy  4, 1918,  app«ar 
the  following :  ''That  all  well-defined  national  aspira- 
tions shall  be  accorded  the  utmost  satisfaction  that  can  be  ac- 
corded them  without  introducing  new,  or  pei-petuating  old,  ele- 
ments of  discord  and  antagonism. '  "  The  settiement  of  questions, 
whether  of  territory,  of  sovereignty,  of  economic  arrangement, 
or  of  political  relationship,  upon  the  basis  of  the  free  acceptance 
of  that  settiement  by  the  people  immediately  concerned.' 

This  is  the  great  principle  of  free  nations,  to  which  others  '. 
have  applied  the  term  "self-determination."  It  is  oiu*  own 
American  ideal  of  right  government;  it  is  an  essential  part  of 
that  democraey  which  is  to  be  made  safe  by  the  war.  It  means 
liberty  and  happiness  to  millions  of  people  in  Europe  and  in 
Asia  who  have  longed  for  this  great  day.  It  means  likewise  the 
]iemianent  break-up  of  such  artificial  and  unwholesome  combina- 
tions as  the  former  Austro-Hungarian  and  Turkish  Empires. 
It  will  bring  about  a  hew  map  of  the  world  in  which  the  bound- 

■The  fint  ofUiia  nriea  of  articles  appealed  in  The  Outlook  for  I)op<>iiiber 4  ' 
oa-ier  the  title  "  A  Rnwt  World  OonKreas,"  The  second  (December  11  imne)  waa 
etlled  "  The  Qoeatioojrf ^raall  iitatws."  The  third  (December  18  iarnie)  vm^  esUed  . 
.  •■  Pains  and  Penalties  Before  the  Conp««8  of  N«tion».''   Other  articles  will  follow 
to  oonseontiva  spriea.— Trr  Rditoiw. 


aries  of  race,  language,  and  reli^ous  groups  shall  correspond, 
as  near  as  may  be,  to  the  political  boundaries  of  the  various 
countries.  It  is  a  blow  to  we  pontinuanoe  of  unreal  countries, 
made  up  of  hostile  sections,  in  which  majority  populations  are 
bent  to  the  will  of  a  minority  race. 

Let  no  one  approach  this  task  of  changing  the  line  fences  in 
a  jaunty  frame  of  mind,  expecting  to  receive  blessings  from  the 
oountriea  thus  self-determined !  The  fate  of  the  ex-Kaiser,  the 
German  indemnities,  and  the  freedom  of  the  seas  are  all  easy 
problems  compared  with  the  carving  oat  of  new  oountries  on 
the  devastated  sites  of  old  empires. 

The  first  diflicidty  is  that  Europe  is  not  broken  ap  into  race 
or  language  areas  with  sharp  and  exact  boundaries  which  can 
be  fitted  tt^ether  like  a  dissected  picture.  Some  countries,  like 
France,  Germany,  and  Italy,  have  a  large  central  block  of  peo- 
ple speaking  one  langUi^e  and  recognizmg  <me  nationality ;  but 
many  other  countries  are  made  up  of  diverse  elements.  Switzer- 
land has  a  German  area,  a  Frencn  area,  an  Italian  area,  besides 
a  Kgion  in  which  Romansch  is  the  home  language.  In  Belgium 
the  Flemings  and  the  Walloons  were  at  odds  wilb  each  other 
till  the  attempt  of  the  national  enemy,  Germany,  to  drive  a 
wedge  between  them  brought  them  into  a  new  brotherhood. 


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AnotriarHtingaiT  is  broken  up  between  three  predominant  races 
— the  German,  Hnnearian,  and  Slav.  The  Balkans  are  a  mase 
and  tangle  of  races,  unguagee,  and  religions. 

The  point  is  not  simply  the  existence  of  race  units  like  the 
Bohemians,  which,  till  emancipation  came,  were  embedded  in 
empires  which  they  hated,  bat  that  inside  these  interior  units 
are  other  race  and  language  areas.  For  instance,  in  the  north- 
em  border  of  Bohemia,  along  the  mountains  which  are  the 
ancient  military  frontier  of  that  country,  is  a  German  popula- 
tion which  has  been  striving  to  make  bead  i^ainst  the  Bohe- 
mians for  a  little  matter  of  three  hundred  years.  Inside  of  the 
right  and  reasonable  boundaries  of  Serbia  is  a  Bulgarian  ele- 
ment, and  among  the  Bulgarians  are  some  Grreek  villages. 
Some  towns  that  are  chiefly  Italian-speaking  may  be  found  in 
Dalmatia,  which  is  a  Slav  region.  There  are  many  islands  of 
Bulgarian  population  in  Rumania,  and  German  settlements  are 
peppered  lul  through  southern  Hungary — some  of  them  in  the 
midst  of  an  undoubted  Rumanian  population. 

The  difficulty  is  obvious.  What  part  of  the  population  shall 
make  the  self-determination  ?  Shall  Moravia,  for  instance,  be 
included  with  its  dose  neighbor,  Bohemia — or  is  Moravia  en- 
titled to  self-determination?  This  complication  reaches  very 
far.  The  United  States  of  America  takes  the  just  and  reason- 
able ground  that  there  is  no  such  thing  as  self-determination 
for  any  race  or  language  group  within  the  boundaries  of  this 
Nation.  Fortunately  for  us,  no  State  and  no  city  is  the  peculiar 
habitat  of  any  European  race.  If  all  the  Hungarians  were 
assembled  in  Pennsylvania,  and  all  the  Germans  in  lUinois, 
sad  all  the  ItsHans  in  Massachusetts,  and  tli  tlte  Greeks  in 
New  Hampshire,  and  all  the  Irish  in  New  York  City,  we  should 
have  the  same  kind  of  race  difficulties  as  those  which  have 
brekm  tlie  Austrian  Empire  to  smash. 

The  only  nwe  in  Ais  ooonta^  Htmt  is  nioatly  distributed 
throng  a  seotion  is  the  Negro — nine  millions  o£  people  living 
chiefly  in  ten  States.  The  last  thing  tliat  the  people  of  those 
communities  or  the  jieople  of  the  United  States  intend  is  to 
^prant  self-determination  to  that  race.  In  fact,  our  opposition  to 
self-determination  within  the  Federal  Republic  went  to  the 
.  point  of  a  Civil.War  in  wUeh- the  Nmtii- resisted*  the-attaai^ 
to  self-determinate  a  Southern  Confederacy.  The  two  contest- 
ants expended  eight  hundred  thousand  lives  in  the  proof  tiiat 
we  had  better  stay  together  in  one  Nation. 

The  conditions  are  very  different  in  Central  Europe,  where 
old  naticms  like  the  Poles — people  who  have  had  uieir  own 
speech,  religion,  literature,  and  the  traditions  for  centuries — 
have  been  placed  brutally  under  the  control  of  master  races. 
We  in  the  United  States  are  trying  to  prevent  the  conditions 
of  internal  hatred  and  war  and  tyranny  which  brought  about 
such  forced  and  unnatural  unions  of  peoples  that  felt  no  broth- 
erly love  for  each  other.  We  aim  to  create  an  American  race, 
maide  ap  of  many  dements,  in  which  all  strains  of  blood  and  all 
forms  of  religion  shall  find  a  common  law  and  a  common  lan- 
gfuage.  Our  own  condition,  however,  shonld  make  us  aware  of 
the  difficulties  which  confront  the  Versailles  Congress. 

One  of  the  Allies  has  a  problem  of  its  own  which  we  are 
assured  is  about  to  be  solved  to  the  satisfaction  of  all  parties. 
Ireland  demands  Home  Rule,  which  as  a  separate  race  with  a 
national  religion  it  seems  entitied  to  demand  on  the  principle 
of  self-determination ;  but  what  of  Ulster,  with  a  different  race 
and  religion?  English  statesmen  saj  that  Ulster  is  to  have  a 
separate  self-determination  ;  then  what  of  the  considerable  Irish 
Catholic  populatirai  which  is  included  in  the  Protestant  coun- 
ties ?  Where  does  self-determination  stop? 

Several  similar  and  acute  problems  of  the  same  kind  will 
come  before  the  Congress,  from  whose  settiement  there  will  be 
no  appeal.  As  for  the  Bohemian  question,  the  Germans  who 
have  settied  within  the  perfectiy  defined  boundaries  of  that 
country  must  plainly  accept  the  rule  of  the  majori^  or  leave. 
A  regfular  colony  of  difficulties  appears  in  the  four  Baltic  prov- 
inces, where  Germans  are  apparently  the  landowners  and  vari- 
ous Slav  races  and  Letts  are  the  original  inhabitants  and  a  large 
majority  of  the  people.  Are  there  to.be.four-  self-determinations 
there,  or  one  ?  Another  case  is  Albania,  and  a  very  hard  case, 
for  tiiese  people,  who  gp%atly  resemble  the  Scotch  Highlanders 
of  two  hundred  years  ago  in  tlteirchta- system-  and  t^eir^fond- 
ness  for  the  Lowlanders'  cattie,  are  pressed  on  the  east  by  the 


Serbs  and  on  the  south  by  the  Greeks,  while  m  the  west  the  Ital- 
ians claim  a  "  protectorate  "  over  the  Albanians,  the  only  people 
in  southern  Europe,  except  the  Montenegrins,  who  were  never 
conquered  by  the  Riomans  nor  the  Byzantines  nor  the  Tuika. 

Other  difficult  problems  can  be  found  in  the  territory  shortlj 
to  be  abandoned  by  the  Turks,  who  are'  the  worst  eaonies  of 
self-determination  and  of  freedom  in  any  guise.  Take  Armenia 
It  seems  to  be  true  that  in  the  district  aJled.  before  the  wv 
Turkish  Armenia  there  are  more  Kurds  and  Turks  and  mem- 
bers of  other  races  than  Armenians.  How  does  that  come? 
Mainly  because  the  Turks  in  successive  massacres  have  rooted 
out  a  considerable  part  of  the  Armenian  race  with  the  expre* 
object  of  putting  them  under  the  domination  of  their  inferior 
neighbors.  ShaU  that  frightful  crime  against  humanity  sac- 
ceed  ?  Shall  the  present  Armenians  be  deprived  of  self-deter- 
mination because  half  of  them  have  already  been  drarived  of 
their  lives?  Conditions  are  somewhat  similar  in  Syria,  for 
the  Arabs,  who  are  certain  to  have  self-determination  in  tin; 
neighboring  Kingdom  of  Arabia,  appear  to  be  more  numerom 
than  the  Syrians  and  Jews. 

Manifestly  all  these  contorted  areas  will  have  to  be  reviewed 
by  the  Congress  in  cases  where  there  is  a  protesting  race  in- 
closed within  a, majority  race.  It  is  not  desirable  to  subdivide 
the  fragments  of  Austria-Hungary,  Russia,  and  Tni^ey  mto 
still  smaller  fragments  which  are  bound  to  be  too  little  for  dw 
development  of  a  nation  and  too  weak  for  setf'protectioD.  .4 
possible  course  wluch  would  solve  at  least  the  problans  of 
mdoeed  villages  and  small  settlements  would  be  to  estaUiiii 
clearing-houses  for  the  exchange  of  land.  For  instance,  all  the 
Greek  peasants  now  living  in  Serbia,  Macedonia,  and  Bolgaiis; 
all  the  Macedonians  in  Greek  territory ;  all  t^e  Serbiaiu  b 
Albania,  might  file  an  inventory  of  their  lands  and  boildingi 
and  inuBovaUe  preyerty  before  an  international  otHnmiagifls 
whioh  should  reassign  pc^erties  of  equivalent  valne  and  fer- 
tility for  each  farmer  among  his  own  countrymen.  In  Mace- 
donia, in  parts  of  Hungary,  and  in  Asia  Minor  something  of 
the  kind  will  have  to  be  done,  or  else  those  parts  of  the  eaiA 
will  go  back  to  the  old  oonditaon  of  brigandage,  petty  ravil  mr. 
aaAmngaaflrfi. .  TheAjiatro-Hnngarian  Empire  was-aa  iBaqoi^: 
it  systematically  oppressed  and  depreissed  the  majori^'oTilk 
own  people ;  but  it  kept  order.  The  united  world  in  Coagn» 
assembled  must  not  do  less  than  that,  and  must  do  much  more. 

Does  self-determination  extend  to  the  choice  of  the  form  of 
govemtoent  by  the  new  imits  ?  Of  course  the  royal  Govers- 
ments  of  Great  Britun  and  Italy,  the  three  Soandinavin 
Powers,  Holland,  and  Spain  can  haraly  object  to  the  setting  up 
of  kingdoms  and  the  creation  of  nobilities  m  the  new  oountriet. 
There  are  still  three  kings  left  in  the  Balkans — ^in  Rumaniv 
Serbia,  and  Montenegro ;  but  it  ia  hard  to  see  where  Bt^emiaor 
Croatia  or  Poland  or  Finland  can  find  a  royal  Louse,  espedaOT 
since  the  German  kings  and  kinglets  have  retired  front  btoi- 
ness.  There  ought  to  he,  and  doubtiess  will  be,  a  new  groap  d 
republics,  all  of  which  wiU  be  hastened  by  the  example  and  tix 
sympathy  of  the  United  States  of  America. 

Still,  whether  kingdoms  or  republics,  most,  of  the  newnatioB 
will  have  small  popiuations  and  moderate  means.  Maayof  tliBDi 
will  be  shut  off  from  the  sea.  A  congregation  of  small,  stm;- 
gling,  rival  Powers,  dependent  upon  imports  for  many  of  tbr 
necessaries  of  life,  cannot  be  hiumonious.  The  only  solntifB 
would  seem  to  be  self-determinant  federations — such  as  the 
s^g^i^egation  to  which  the  name  of  Jugoslavia  has  been  gina. 
It  does  not  seem  possible  that  Croatia,  Bosnia,  and  Seitia  osn 
be  welded  into  a  unified  country,  but  they  are  excellent  toil  it* 
a  federation  with  the  four  Baltic  provinces.  So  with  westen 
Asia  Minor ;  so  with  the  Balkans,  although  it  will  be  about  ti 
easy  to  unite  the  Balkan  Powers  together  under  a  gaaaof 
federal  government  as  to  unite  the  I.  W.  W.,  the  AmerioB 
Federation  of  Labor,  and  the  Federal  Reserve  Bank  of  }fe* 
York  into  a  smooth-running  corporation. 

Nevertheless,  that  is  the  direction  in  which  the  mfluenees  d 
the  United  States  ought  to  go  in  a  World  Congress.  We  mafi 
reoog^iize  small  nationalities,  must  try  to  adjust  the  diffi<:^ 
question  of  inclosed  race  units,  and  then  lead  in  the  (Uredv* 
of  combinations  into  federal  units  sufficiently  large  and  Tamd 
in  their  resonrees  to  make  them  real- nations,  oapsme-of 
their  place  among  the  recognized  Powers  of  the  earth. 


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PEACE  AND  PATERNALISM 

BY  WILLIAM   MAXWELL 

Die  Mitfaor  of  tins  article  ia  l^ee-Presideiit  of  the  ThomM  A.  Edison  Corporation,  one  of  the  larse  employera  of  labor  in  tiiia  eonntrj^. 
What  he  has  to  say,  thraefore,  upon  the  \abot  problem  daring  the  period  of  reconstmetion  and  reaajoatment  deserves  and  will  reeeiTO,  we 
believe,  the  interested  consideration  of  our  readers. — Thk  £S>jtob8. 

what  disquieting  to  employers,  many  of  whom  suspect  that  there 
is  a  disposition  on  the  part  of  the  present  Government  to  propiti- 
ate labor  at  their  expense  in  the  interests  of  certain  political 
ambitions.  If  any  such  effort  is  in  progress,  it  is  not  ukely  to 
meet  with  enduring  success,  as  the  workingman  has  a  prover- 
bially  short  memory  for  political  favors  if  he  is  beset  by  lack  of 
employment  or  other  unfavorable  conditions  during  the  admin- 
istration of  the  party  from  which  he  received  such  favors.  It  is 
scarcely  to  be  oelieved  that  any  responsible  member  of  our 
present  Government  hopes  to  create  a  permanent  political  asset 
by  dealing  unjustly  with  the  employing  class.  There  is,  to  be 
sure,  the  temptation  to  seek  a  temporary  advantage  by  some 
dramatic  stroke  calculated  to  crystallize  favorably  the  sentiment 
of  the  laboring  class,  but  such  stratify  is  preferably  practiced 
when  an  important  election  is  near  at  hand,  and  the  present 
does  not  afford  a  timely  opportunity. 

To  my  mind,  the  busmess  prosperity  of  the  country  during  the 
first  year  of  peace  depends  more  upon  the  w^y  labor  is  handled 
than  upon  anv  other  single  &ctor.  It  seems  to  me  highly  im- 
portant that  the  President  create  a  Governmental  agency  that  by 
reason  of  its  personnel,  its  objects,  and  its  methods  can  command 
the  complete  confidence  and  merit  the  hearty  co-operation  of 
all  eimployers,  from  farmer  to  mill-owner. 

The  United  States  Employment  Service  has  not  apparently 
earned  the  entire  approbation  of  a  majori^of  the  manufactur- 
ers who  have  come  into  contact  with  it.  The  same  is  largely 
true  of  other  agencies  of  the  Government  which  have  sought  to 
stabilize  wages  and  exercise  various  forms  of  control  over  the 
relations  between  capital  and  labor.  This  attitude  on  the  part 
of  manufacturers  is  no  doubt  due  in  some  cases  to  an  instinctive 
hostility  to  any  interference  with  the  relations  between  their 
employees.  aDd..then»dtve8,-wh9e>in  other -cases-Hnoonmetency 
on  the  part  of  Government  representatives  may  be  blamed. 
The  first  objection  can  be  removed  if  it  is  made  dear  that  Uncle 
Sam,  in  acting  as  a  peace-time  labor  agent,  is  simply  trying  to 
find  jobs  for  worthy  men,  and  that  in  this  particidar  capacity 
he  wul  not  attempt  to  act  as  a  wage  arbiter.  The  second  objec- 
tion wiU  disappear  if  the  persons  chosen  to  carry  on  this  work 
are  selected  for  their  executive  fitness  and  patriotic  zeal  rather 
than  because  of  their  political  or  labor  affiliations. 

A  committee  representi^  the  War  and  Navy  Departments, 
the  Shipping  Board,  the  Railroad  Administration,  the  Labor 
Department,  the  Labor  Adjustment  Board,  and  the  War  Labor 
Policies  Board  might  very  well  act  in  an  advisory  capacity,  but 
the  a^^enoy  which  comes  into  contact  with  employers  in  the 
gigantic  task  of  redistributing  the  war  workers  should  be  imbued 
with  a  desire  to  give  patriotic  service  rather  than  a  sense  of 
bureaucratic  supervision  and  controL  I  believe  that  employers 
as  a  matter  of  patriotic  duty  would  willingly  co-operate  with  a 
Government  agency  actuated  by  that  spirit 

I  should  like  to  see  the  redistribution  of  our  war  workers 
and  the  return  of  our  soldiers  to  the  pursuits  of  peace  made  the 
occasion  for  an  enormous  patriotic  campaign  somewhat  umilar 
to  a  Liberty  Loan  drive,  with  every  employer,  from  the  humble 
truck  gardener  to  the  millicHiaire  manu&ctnrer,  doing  his  bit  to 
the  best  of  his  ability  in  providing  employment  for  the  men  who 
have  worked  and  fought  to  win  the  war.  In  addition  to  reveal- 
ing fully  and  quickly  the  opportunities  for  labor  that  are  in 
actual  existence,  I  believe  that  the  enthusiasm  resulting  from  a 
widespread  patriotic  appeal  would,  in  a  considerable  degree, 
overcome  the  doubts  and  indecision  of  business  men,  disturbed 
and  bewildered  by  the  first  few  unfavorable  phenomena  that 
attend  the  transition  from  peace  to  war. 

In  my  opinion,  there  will  not  be  sufficient  jobs  for  the  war 
workers  made  idle  by  peace  within  the  time  necessary  to  avert 
a  severe,  if  temporary,  Dusinees  depression  unless  some  means 
is  found  to  inspire  the  Nation  as  a  whole  to  approach  the  diffi- 

ittaoking 
opinion. 


REX^ENTLY,  on  a  cold  gray  day,  six  of  us,  welcoming 
escape  from  our  nnderheated  offices,  gathered  at  luncheon 
before  a  cheerful  wood  fire.   The  talk  was  of  business 
conditions  after  the  war.    fjach  of  us  had  a  different  opinion. 

One  man  said :  "  Europe  has  been  On  a  four  years'  spree  and 
the  United  States  has  been  whooping  it  for  a  year  and  a  half. 
Well  wake  up  shaky  and  with  a  headache  and  commence  to 
count  our  money.  Everything  will  look  pretty  bad,  but  Unde 
Sam  will  mix  us  somethmg  to  taper  off  on  and  in  a  few  months 
well  be  going  ahead  in  good  shape." 

Another  man  shook  his  head :  "  Politics  won't  permit  Unde 
Sam  to  hdp  us  taper  off.  The  Democrats  are  a  mmority  party. 
In  order  to  win  they've  got  to  capture  a  big  vote  that' doesn't 
naturally  bdong  to  them.  Economy  will  be  a  big  issue.  *  Get 
the  hoy  a  hack  home  in  a  hurry '  will  be  another ;  '  Eaae  up  on 
paternaliam,  don't  JPruasianvse  America '  will  be  still  another. 
Political  expediency  is  going  to  prevent  Unde  Sam  from  doing 
a  lot  of  things  he  would  like  to  do  and  maybe  ought  to  do." 

A  third  man  interposed :  "  President  Wilson  can  do  anything 
he  wants  to  do.  He  has  the  people  back  of  him  as  no  other 
President  ever  had  them.  Everybody  is  for  him.  Yon  scarcdy 
hear  a  word  of  criticism." 

"  That's  just  the  trouble,"  another  member  of  the  party  said. 
**  During  the  war  it  hasn't  been  decent  to  criticise  or  disagree. 
After  the  war  it  will  be  different.  We  shall  make  up  for  \oet 
time  then.  We  shall  feel  that  we've  earned  the  privilege  of 
opposing  the  President.  I  certainly  doubt  if  he  can  run  wing^ 
with  as  nigh  a  hand  after  the  war  as  he  has  been  doing." 

I  have  quoted  thus  liberally  from  our  luncheon-table  oonver^ 
■ation  because  I  believe  it  devdoped  an  important  phase  of  that 
perplexing  problem,  "  What  will  business  conditions  be  during 
the  first  u^ee  yi^is  of  peace-?'' -~W%(it^will-Amwiefr-8t&iid''f6r  ~ 
in  the  shape  of  paternalism  whoi  the  exi^ndes  of  warfare  no 
longer  actuate  a  patriotic  impulse  of  submission  to  Government 
oontrd  ?  The  question  is  obviously  political,  and  I  am  unable  to 
visualize  any  snffident  political  adhesion  of  the  various  diver- 
gent social  and  economic  interesto  to  perpetuate  after  the  war  a 
sobetantial  Federal  control  over  individual  activities. 

The  immediate  future  of  labor  is  probably  the  pith  of  the 
problem.  It  is  idle  to  deny  that  there  will  be  a  considerable 
turnover  of  labor  as  a  result  of  the  transition  from  war  work  to 
peace  work,  but  the  term  war  work  is  somewhat  misleading  and 
Its  indiscriminate  use  tends  to  magnify  the  difficulties  of  the 
■itnation.  The  Bethlehem  Steel  Company  is  generally  regarded 
as  a  striking  example  of  an  industry  devoted  entirdy  to  war 
work,  yet  only  one^ighth  of  its  total  orders  on  October  1 
were  for  guns,  armor  plate,  projectiles,  and  other  implements 
of  destruction.  Furthermore,  only  one-eighth  of  the  Bethlehem 
C<mipany's  total  investment  is  m  property  and  equipment  for 
the  manufacture  of  ordnance.  In  other  words,  .seven-eighths  of 
that  Company's  equipment  is  at  present  set  up  to  manufacture, 
and  presumably  seven-eighths  ot  its  workmen  have  been  em- 
ployed in  the  manufacture,  of  articles  which,  although  largely 
intended  for  military-uaa,  could  with  varying  changes  be  adapted 
to  peaceful  purposes,  and  for  many  of  which  there  is  an  imme- 
diate civilian  need.  If  prices  can  be  promptiy  stabilized  to  an 
extent  that  will  persuade  buyers  to  j^laoe  their  orders  without 
delay,  it  is  conceivable  that  the  Bethlehem  Sted  Company 
could  turn  from  war  work  to  peace  work  without  the  necessity 
of  curtailing  its  working  force  more  than  fifteen  per  cent.  How- 
ever, even  this  percentage,  if  applied  to  all  of  the  sevend  million 
war  workers,  would  produce  temporary  unemployment. 

It  is  pointed  out  tnatour  farms  could  absorb  several  hundred 
thousand  of  the  men  previously  employed  on  war  work,  but  ex- 
perience has  shown  that  men  grown  accustomed  to  factory  work 
do  not  as  a  rule  look  with  favor  on  farm  work.  But  Uncle  Sam 
as  a  labor  agent  can  accomplish  a  g^reat  deal  if  manufacturers  gen- 
wpiw.^Hff  employ  his  serviQ^.  Unf ortunatdy,  the  GovemmeotV 
activities  in  ocmneotion  with  labor  during  the  war  have  been  some- 


ao  xv/uAAui   w^y  «a«Df/«ao   tana  xiabiviA  no  <»    ttju^^ig     x^j    Aa/a/a. u«m^ai    u 

cubaesof  peace  iira  spirit'WBilsr  to  tinct  dispfatj^in  at 
the  pitoblems  of  war.   The  Government  will,  in  my  < 

863 

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664 


THE   OUTLOOK 


make  a  grave  error  if  it  anticipates  in  time  of  peace  the  same 
cheerful  alacrity  in  complying  with  its  mandates  and  snggestions 
as  was  manifested  during  the  war.  There  should  be  a  popular 
appeal  to  patriotism,  tmmixed  with  paternalism  or  bureaucracy. 
If  we  can  bridge  the  first  six  montl^  of  peace  with  a  spirit  com- 
parable to  our  war  spirit,  we  can  quite  possibly  count  ourselves 
safe,  as  international  financial  conditions  render  us  in  a  lai^e 
d^ree  exempt  from  the  remaining  economic  consequences  of  the 
war  which  are  likely  to  bear  heavily  upon  the  other  belligerents. 
Embedded  in  the  problem  of  post-bellum  employment  is  the 

Suestion  of  wages.    One  phase  of  that  question  stands  out  very 
learly.  It  is  desirable,  if  possible,  to  prevent  wages  from  deelin- 
ingmore  rapidly  than  the  cost  of  living.   Can  this  he  done  ? 

There  was  a  somewhat  prevalent  belief  that  the  Government 
would  slow  down  its  war  contracts  gradually ;  which  is  to  say 
that  the  Government  would  for  a  time  subsidize  both  labor  and 
capital  by  permitting  the  manufacture  of  articles  for  which  it 
no  longer  has  any  need.  If  such  an  improvident  policy  was 
ever  seriously  considered  at  Washington,  the  recent  election 
must  have  indicated  its  inexpediency  and  made  plain  to  the 
executive  heads  of  the  Nation  that  the  stewardship  held  by  them 
is  one  for  which  a  minute  accounting  will  be  exacted.  There  is 
no  imaginable  coalition  of  selfish  interests  sufficient  to  gain  the 
Nation^  tolerance  of  any  manifest  Governmental  extravagance 
that  was  not  provoked  by  the  exigencies  of  warfare.  There  is 
already  ample  evidence  tiiat,  with  certain  exceptions,  the  Gov- 
ernment will  liquidate  its  war  work  contracts  as  rapidly  as 
possible,  which  m  many  cases  means  the  almost  immediate 
cessation  of  manufacture,  leaving  the  Government  and  the 
manufacturers  concerned  to  reach  agreements  or  disagree- 
ments in  regard  to  the  compensation  uiat  should  be  paid  for 
lostprofits  and  other  losses. 

While  Uncle  Sam  is  not  likely  to  rob  Peter  to  pay  Paul  by 
promoting  the  manufacture  of  munitions  which  he  no  longer 
requires,  the  fact  remains  that  the  Government  should  do  some- 
thing very  definite  and  effective  to  sustain  the  present  relation 
between  waees  and  the  cost  of  living.  If  Uncle  Sam  undertakes 
to  tell  employers  what  wages  they  must  pay,  and  endeavora  to 
coerce  the  payment  thereof,  he  will  stir  up  a  nest  of  hornets, 
whose  sting  has  probably,  not  been  lessened  by  twenty  months 
of  war-time  abnegation.  The  war  welded  a  strong  National  reso- 
lution, but  it  did  not  make  Socialists  of  us,  and  it  did  not  pre- 
pare us  to  accept  permanent  paternalism.  We  are  still  a  nation 
of  individualists,  as  any  political  party  which  proceeds  on]  the 
opposite  theory  will  discover.  Nevertheless  Uncle  Sam  must  do 
something  about  wages.  What  can  he  do? 

If  the  Government  cannot  drive  employers  to  sustain  wages 
in  harmony  with  the  cost  of  living,  perhaps  it  can  lead  them  in 
that  direction.  Uncle  Sam  has  an  opportunity  to  set  an  inspir- 
ing example  to  the  Nation.  He  is  boss  of  the  railways.  Let 
him  be  brave  enough  to  undertake  promptly  their  complete 
physical  rehabilitation,  and  planse  orders  for  rails,  rolling  stock, 
and  other  equipment  on  a  basis  that  will  stabilize  the  price  of 
steel  and  establish  a  post-bellum  standard  of  wages  in  the  steel 
industry.  Holders  of  railway  securities  will  shudder  at  this  sug- 
gestion, and,  considering  the  rather  one-sided  contract  which  the 
Government  has  offered  the  railways,  their  apprehensions  are 
not  surprising.  However,  the  Government's  operation  of  the 
railways,  although  efficient  in  certain  respects  and  effective  in 
genend  results,  has  largely  purged  the  public's  mind  of  the  hos- 
tility that  once  existed  toward  railwajrs  as  institutions  of  semi- 
private  ownership  and  management.  It  is  a  pretty  safe  bet  that 
on  the  appointed  day,  "twenty-one  months  after  peace  is 
declared,"  or  whenever  they  are  returned  to  their  former  man- 
agement, the  railways  will  get  a  square  deal.  There  is  no 
reason  why  the  Government  should  not  now  underwrite  feasible 
physical  improvements  in  our  transportation  system  on  a  basis 
that  will  protect  the  stockholders  and  bondholders.  It  is  better 
for  the  Government  to  buy  rails  and  locomotives  at  stabilizing 
prices,  even  though  their  cost  nmst  subsequently  be  depreciated, 
than  to  buy  shem  that  will  never  be  fired. 

The  Government  will  undoubtedly  persist  in  ship-building 
for  a  lime,  but  present  costs  are  a  perplexing  problem,  as  a  por- 
tion of  the  cost  of  each  ship  now  being  built  must  inevitably  be 
<ftharged  off  before  such  ship  can  be  operated  on  a  competitive 
basis  either  by  the  Government,  a  lessee,  or  a  purchaser.    The 


Government  might  as  weH  recognize  one  time  as  another  tiiat 
some  form  of  subsidy  is  unavoid^le  if  we  are  to  make  efifective 
v^  in  peace  times  of  our  war-built  and  war-contracted  shipii. 
Having  recognized  that  fact,  our  ship-building  progjamnM 
should  go  ahead  in  a  way  to  promote  the  stabilization  of  vag» 
and  the  price  of  steel  during  the  first  year  of  peace. 

The  States  and  municipalities  have  also  an  opportmufy  to«id 
in  maintaining  wages  On  a  parity  with  the  cost  of  living.  Under 
the  influence  of  Governmental  example  and  Goveriuaental  pre- 
cept, they  could  launch  many  much-needed  improvements. 

Thousands  on  thousands  of  miles  of  good  State  roculs  are 
needed.  There  is  no  better  investment  than  good  roads,  and,  all 
conditions  considered,  there  was  never  a  better  time  to  launch  a 
Nation-wide  campaign  of  State  road-building. 

Widespread  municipal  improvements,  in  addition  to  provid- 
ing work  for  wage-earners  and  a  market  for  material,  will  tend 
to  revive  private  building,  although  a  building  boom  is  the  htfH 
thing  to  be  desired  from  a  financial  standpoint,  and  I  think  the 
banks  may  be  depended  upon  to  prevent  undue  expansion  in 
that  direction. 

In  passing  it  is  perhaps  well  to  draw  a  distinction  between 
public  investments  and  private  investments  which  tarn  liquid 
capital  into  frozen  capital  in  the  face  of  inflation  that  makes 
the  present  value  of  a  dollar  considerably  less  than  it  will  prob- 
ably possess  two  years  hence.  In  the  first  place,  public  interet 
and  benefit  provide  automatic  amortization  of  practically  any 
depreciation  of  investment  that  resiUts  from  the  appreciation  of 
the  dollar,  whereas  only  exceptional  circumstances  of  highly 
profitable  operation  enable  the  individual  to  absorb  such  losses 
with  equanimity.  In  the  second  place,  the  liabilities  incurred  hj 
a  State  or  municipality  for  wise  expenditures  in  naefol  public 
improvements  possess  a  ready  negotiability  and  high  invest- 
ment value,  which  distinguish  them  from  individu^  liabilitj 
incurred  for  the  purpose  of  fixed  investment.  Nevertheless  there 
is  a  limit  beyond  wiuch  States  and  municipalities  should  not  go 
at  the  present  time  in  the  matter  of  fixed  investments,  bat  1 
feel  reasonably  convinced  that  the  impending  emergency  can  be 
handled  well  within  that  limit. 

The  emergency  to  which  I  refer  covers  two  periods  that  are 
not  likely  to  be  of  exactly  the  same  duration.  One  is  the  peri«d 
of  redistributing  labor  and  returning  the  bulk  of  our  enlisted 
men  to  civilian  pursi^ts.  The  other  is  the  period  dapeing  before 
the  price  of  Uving  shows  a  substantial  decrease.  The  redistri- 
bution of  war  workers  is  a  problem  which  will  brook  no  delav. 
The.  return  of  our  soldiers  will  probably  occur  much  mor? 
rapidly  than  the  military  authorities  seem  now  to  contemplate, 
as  public  opinion  is  likely  to  ignore  the  considerati(His  that  point 
to  the  advisability  of  a  gradual  return  and  mustering  out  at 
onr  expeditionary  forces  and  a  similarly  slow  demobilization  d 
the  men  at  the  various  military  qamps  in  this  country.  Motboa, 
wives,  sweethearts,  and  sisters  will  make  themselves  heard  at 
Washington  in  a  way  that  will  get  the  result  they  desire. 

How  soon  the  cost  of  living  will  decline  to  a  point  where 
wages  may  be  decreased  without  disastrously  curtailing  the  pur- 
chasing power  of  labor  is  a  matter  of  conjecture.  Com  derlmed 
on  peace  rumors,  but  the  price  of  the  1919  wheat  crop  has  already 
been  guaranteed,  and  the  average  price  of  com  will  piobaUy 
reflect  the  price  of  wheat.  The  price  of  com  in  turn  teoids  to 
establish  the  average  price  of  pork  and  beef.  There  seems  little 
prospect  of  a  substantial  decrease  in  the  price  of  bread  and  meat 
before  the  fall  of  1920.  Woolen  garments  should  be  lower  after 
six  months  of  peace.    Cotton  is  at  present  an  enigma,  with  xbe 

Sradoxioal  possibility  that  peace  will  result  in  lower  prict*- 
anufactured  articles,  on  the  whole,  declined  more  rapidly  iu 
price  after  the  close  of  the  Civil  War  than  basic  commodities, 
and  the  same  seeming  phenomenon  may  occur  again.  It  is  poe- 
sible  that  labor,  on  the  average,  could  absorb  a  ten  per  cent 
decrease  in  wages  within  a  year  after  the  end  of  hostilities..  At 
any  rate,  our  first  six  months  of  peace,  in  an  extreme  sense,  and 
the  second  six  months,  in  a  very  high  degree,  represent  frcar 
every  angle  of  the  employment  problem  an  emergency  witb 
'  which  the  Government  must  deal  and  with  which  it  can  prtit- 
ably  best  deal  by  invoking  a  National  spirit  of  patriotic  ayofet- 
ation,  rather  than  by  an  attempted  perpetuation  in  peace  timt^ 
of  the  bureaucratic  methods  tmit  l^ive  been  <^eerAiQy  aocepteJ 
as  a  necessity  of  war  times. 


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THE  DOGS  OF  BETHLEHEM 

BY   KATHARJNE    LEE   BATES 


M^y  a  starry  p^jight  had  they  knowu, 
Melaimpo,  Lupuiat,and  Cubilon,  I 

Shepherd  "dogs,  keeping 

The  flocks,  unsleeping, 
Serving  their  masters  for  crust  and  bone. 

Many  a'  starlight,  but  never  like  this. 

For  star  on  star  was  a  chrysalis 

Whence  there  went  soaripg 
A  winged,  adoring  ,    , 

Splendor  outpouring  a  carol  of  bliss. 

Sniffing  and  bristling  the  gaunt  dogs  stood. 
Till  the  seraphs,  who  smiled  at  their  hardihood, 

Cauned  their  panic 

With  talismanic 
Touches  like  wind  in  the  imderwood. 


In  the  dust  of  the  road  like  gold-dust  bIo«n« 
Melampo,  Lupina,  and  Cubuon 

Saw  strange  kings,  faring ' 

Q(a  came}^,  bearing 
Treasures  too  bright  for  a  mortal  throne. 

Shepherds  three  oil  their  crooks  a-leap 
Sped  after  the  kings  up  the  rnggedsteep 

To  Bethlehem ;  only 

The  does,  left  lonely, 


Stayed  by  the  fold  and  guarded  4he  sheep. 

Faithful,  grim  hearts !  The  marrelous  glow 
Flooded  e  en  these  with  its  overflow, 

Wolfishness  XiKning 

Into  a  yearning 
To  worship  the  highest  a  dog  may  know. 


When  dawn  brought  the  shepherds,  each  to  his  own, 
Melampo.  Lupina,  and  Cubilon  f^ 

Bounded  to  meet  them,  '•>' 

Frolicked  to  greet  them, 
E<ager  to  serve  them  for  love  alone. 


AN  AMERICAN  .CHltoSTMAS  IN  MANY  TONGUES 


BY  fULiA  Faring  leaycraft 


HAS  the  reader  ever  stopped  to  think,  when  he  sat  down 
to  hi$  good  (^-fashioned  Christinas  dinner — tui^ey, 
crauberry  sauce,  pie,  aad  all — that  in  thousands  of 
homes,  American  homes,  all  over  this  coimtry  the  American 
Christmas  has  a  very  different  aspect?  And  on  Christmas 
Eve  when  the  tree  is  alight,  and  on  Christmas  morning  when 
the  presents  are  distributed,  what  do  you  think  is  going  on  in 
the  families  of  the  thousands  of  adopted  Americans  all  over 
the  country  ? 

In  the  International  Institutes,  the  clubs  of  the  Y.  W.  C.  A., 
to  which  girk  from  all  the  nations  of  Europe  belong,  the  great 
desire  has  always  been  to  -pr^rve  the  bfest  of  the  old  country 
and  at  the  same  time  t«aoh  (lie  best  that  America  can  offer. 
For  many  years  these  clubs  have  given  international  Christmas 
parties,  with  Christmas  custKims  of  the  varions  countries  called 
to  mind  by  costume  and  folk  plays.  Girls  of  all  nationalities 
join  together  in  tableaux  aji4  plays  representing  the  old  story 
dear  to  the  people  of  every  %iid.  And  in'ttie  course  of  the  eve- 
ning a  particular  custom  of  ^cn  nation  ib  lovingly  represented 
by  Its  daughters  in  this  ne^w  land  of  their  adopnon. 

What  could  be  more  beautiful  than  the  Poush  custom  of  not 
sitting  down  to  dinner  On  Christmas  Eve  until  the  evening  star 
is  in  the  sky  ?  And  ^jM^  "^0  partakjB  of  the  bountiful  Polish 
Christmas  nmn  r^  MPhnnpiic  from  under  the  flue  white  cloth 
of  the^able  bits  of^aw  reminiscent  of  the  first  Christmas,  while 
a  vacant  chair  is  left  at  efery  Polish  table  for  the  little  baby 
bom  that  da^^so  many  huiidifdd  years  before. 

As  any  Al|fl^can-Bol)^pian  would  tell  you,  preparations  for 
Christmas  ar&'far-reaclilng'  in  Czechoslovakia.  The  children, 
with  the  assisttikpe  of  the  very  old  people,  plan  and  build  what 
is  known  as  a  ^  Bs^hlehem  "— a  realjstic  presentation  of  the 
Nativity.  Some^in^  it  is  arrahgetl  tsu,  a  tiny  stage.  These 
Bethlehems  are  bften  handed  down  from  .|;ieneration  to  genera- 
tion, and  greaticare  is  expended  in  oartijig,  painting,  and  dress- 
ing the  figurciy^u  keeping  them  in  rei>air.  Groups  of  children 
go  from  hfitliBe||to  house  singing  ancient  carols  fuU  of  poetic 
beauty  and  imsical  grace,  and  are  rewardeil  with  red-cheeked 
apples,  Khftlols  of  nuts,  big  slices  of  Christmas  cake.  The 
leaders  of  the  singers,  who  are  usually  dresse*!  to  represent  the 
Three  Kings  from  the  East,  mark  with  three  crosses  each  house 
that  has  b^n  visite<l. 

Our  sisters  and  brothers  of  Italy  do  all  they  can  to  preserve 
the  customs  of  the  sunny  land  in  celebrating  Christmas,  though 


it  is  impossible  in  the  crowded  cities  here  to  oontmue  many  of 
the  things  they  used  to  do.  But  the  religioiis  significance  of  the 
day  is  never  lost  sight  of.  At  twelve  o'dock  on  Christmas  Eye 
.  the  churches  are  fiued,  and  the  people  often  go  from  church  to 
church  to  see  and  to  worship  before  the  Presepto,  a  carving 
in  wood  or  stone  of  the  holy  family.  In  the  villages  of  southern 
Italy  there  are  shrines  on  the  outside  of  the  houses  containing 
Presepios,  and  a  professional  bagpiper  dressed  in  gay  holiday 
colors  goes  from  shriue  to  shrine  playing  his  Christmas  tunes, 
followed  by  a  host  of  children  and  any  who  during  the  past 
year  have  i-ecelved  a  special  favor  from  God. 

To  a  Greek,  Christmas  is  a  holy  day.  There  is  no  giving  of 
gifts  on  the  Christ  Child's  birthday ;  that  is  reserved  for  New 
Year's,  and  then  only  among  the  most  intimate  friends  of  the 
family.  But  for  Christmas,  which  comes,  according  to  the  Greek 
calendar,  thirteen  days  later  than  ours,  the  Greeks  have  care- 
fully preserved  the  old  customs  which  grew  on  the  sunny  slopes 
of  Greek  oroharded  hills.  Every  house  is  cleaned  and  white- 
washed. Every  member  of  the  family  has  new  xdothes,  and 
supplies  of  fruits  of  all  kinds  that  'v\  the  old  country  were 
gathered  from  the  orchards  and  gardes  and  hung  m  the 
cellars  are  never  touched  till  Cllristulto^orning^     - 

In  Norway,  Sweden,  aud  Denmark%Bf<^e(jj$Ie  b^^  to  cele- 
brate at  six  o'clock  on  December  24,  vtajcbntin^e  until  January 
7.  During  that  time  no  one  may  en%r  j^^home  without  eating 
and  di'inlaiig,  or  bad  luck  will  attend  l^jiatliouse  during  the  year. 
Christmas  Eve  is  the  gala  night ;  the^he  feast  is  spread,  and 
every  family,  no  matter  how  poor,  must  have  its  riaengroid,  its 
goose,  and  its  aebleskiver  (dessert).  ■  In  the  risengrwl,  which  is 
made  of  rice,  almonds  are  hidden,  and  the  lucky  child  who  finds 
one  receives  a  prize  and  the  certainty  of  good  luck.  After  the 
feast  comes  the  tree,  a  big  one,  and  always  in  ^e  center  of  the 
room,  with  its  gay  colors,  candles,  and  gifts.  It  is  too  beau- 
tiful to  take  calmly!  Every  one  joins  haitds  and  «lances 
about  the  tree,  singing  and  laughing.  The  gifts  are  dis- 
tributed, when  possible,  by  Julenisse  himself  (known  to  us  as 
Santa  Claus). 

Christmas  Eve  is  the  great  time  of  celebraiiions  for  Russians. 
The  Christmas  tree  is  hidden.  The  doors  are  opened  and  the 
children  burst  into  the  room,  the  tree  all  alight.  When  the 
candles  are  burned  down,  the  children  blow  them  out.  Pouf ! 
Then  with  wild  uproar  the  tree  is  torn  to  pieces,  and  the  trin- 
kets and  presents  are  divi<led  among  the  children.    The  feast 

ess 


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Phot(jf;raph  by  Alice  Boughtoa 

"THE  lMSn6irftNT-MAlX)NNA"s*aiMWTERNATIONAL.GUOUP :  BABY,  AMEUICAN ;  MOTHER,  ITALIAN ;  ANGELS,  ORKEK  AND  POU>B 
•  From  a  tablean  ^ven  at  an  International  Inntitnte  for  Voiuig^  Women,  one  of  the  dabs  of  the  Y.  W.  C.  A. 


FOLK  DANCEUS  AT  AN  " LNTEKNATIOIN AL  PARTY"— SEVEN  NATIONALITIES  KEPRESENTED  IN  COSTUME 

One  of  these  dancers  is  a  BoheiiiiHo  or  Czech,  the  other  is  a  Slovak,    Directly  behind  them  is  a  Russian  in  bridal  costume,  and  behind  her  a  Polish  irirl    On  the 

are  Italians,  a  B\tl^rian,  and  a  Hnn^rinn,   They  were  all  students  in  the  V,  W.  (.",  A,,  are  all  well  educated,  and  many  are  talented  musicians  and  artiatJ 


kk 


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l! 


"THE   NATIVITY  "-THE  MADONNA,  GUEEK;  JOSEPH,  RUSSIAN;  ONE  OF  THE  SHEPHERDS,  POLISH,  THE  OTHERS  ITALIAN 

A  tableau  given  by  the  New  York  International  Institute  for  Young  Women 


ASY 


rUIAN  WOMAN  USl'KSINCJ  TO  AN  ENGLISH  LETTER  FROM  HER  SON.  READ  BY  A  HELPER  AT  AN  INTERNATIONAL  INSTITUT 


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668 


THE   OUTLOOK 


f  dll(^8  with  cold  meats  and  cakes,  all  rich  with  nuts  and  raisins. 
And  on  Christmas  Day  no  Bussian  table  is  complete  without  a 
njce  fat  little  roast  pig. 

jQur  Armenian-Americans  have  adopted  our  American 
ClmBtmas  in  their  families,  bat  in  their  churchex  they  continue 
thb  old  religious  customs.  They,  too,  follow  tht  Greek  calendar, 
and  in  Armenia  on  Christmas  morning,  long  before  daylight, 


'the  streets  are  filled  with  people  on  iJieir  way  to  church,  each 
carrying  his  own  lantern. 

It  is  not  only  in  the  International  Institutes,  bat  in  all  the 
foreign  communities  of  our  great  American  cities,  that  these 
different  customs  are  being  remembered  and  observed  to  do 
honor  to  the  birthday  of  the  greatest  Friend  of  the  poor  aiid 
oppressed. 


THE  ADVENTURES  OF  THEOPHILE^ 

III— THE    MUTINY    OF   TH^OPHILE 
BY   DONAL  :^AMILTON   HAINES 


HAD  it  been  an  open  ear.  Colonel  Gaspard  had  ceilainly 
been  Aung  into  the  darkness  and  incontinently  broken 
his  neck.  But  it  was  not  an  open  car,  because  Gaspard 
never  by  any  chance  rode  in  one  if  there  was  a  limousine  at  his 
disposal. 

At  the  moment  the  crash  came  ho  was  curled  up  in  a  comer 
of  the  seat,  cursing  by  turns  the  blackness  of  the  night,  the 
itpholstery  of  the  cushions,  the  state  of  the  roads,  the  apparently 
murderous  intentions  of  his  driver,  and  the  general  wretched- 
ness of  his  lot. 

In  the  midst  of  these  well-tiimed  maledictions  he  was  flung 
bodily  {(cross  the  car  like  a  sack  of  meal.  There  was  no  time 
for  fright,  or  for  the  instinctive  thrusting  out  of  arms  and  l^s 
which  woidd  have  doused  injuries.  He  sti^ck  heavily  but  harm- 
lessly. Under  the  impiUit  of  his  body  the  glass  front  shattered, 
but  the  fragments  weire  flung  away  from  him,  while  he  re- 
boimded  and  dropped  to  the  floor. 

He  lay  still  for  a  few  seconds  in  a  sudden  silence  broken  only 
by  the  swish  of  rain  and  a  hissing  sound  which  came  from 
beneath  the  car.  In  less  time  than  it  required  for  the  Colonel  to 
be  sure  he  was  not  hurt  he  was  certain  that  he  was  furious,  and 
that  somebody  would  have  to  pay  for  it.  He  raised  himself  on 
one  elbow  and  shouted. 

"Jean!"  he  yelled.  '  . 

There  was  no  answer.  The  incessant  patter  of  rain  sounded 
particularly  dreary  and  distressing, 

"  Cui-se  the  blockhead !"  he  muttei-ed,  and  got  to  his  feet. 

He  found  that  the  force  of  the  crash  had  jammed  both  doors 
so  that  he  coiUd  not  get  them  open,  and  the  lights  inside  the 
ttar  failed  to  respond  when  he  turned  the  switch.  The  electric 
torch  which  he  founds  in  a  pocke^on  the  door  of  the  car  gave 
only  a  feeble  glow.  A^in  he  rai«ed  his  voice  in  a  futile  shout 
for  the  vanished  driver,  answered'"  only  by  the  dreary  sound  of 
rain.  . 

Evidently  Jean  had  been  knocked  iinconscious,  and  afterward 
had  gone  for  help.  If  Gaspard  was  to  escape  from  the  interior  of 
the  car  before  the  man's  return,  he  must  crawl  through  the  broken 
glass  into  the  driver's  seat.  Very  ringerly,  using  the  torch  as 
a  hammer,  he  broke  out  the  rest  ti>t  the  glass  and  enlarged  the 
opening,  then  begi^n  crawling  cautiously  through,  glad  that 
there  were  no  witnesses  to  the  indignity  of  his  posture. 

He  succeeded  at  some  cost.  Some  few  jagged  splinters  of 
glass  had  escaped  his  efforts,  and  he  heard  his  clothes  tear  in 
many  places.  Ohly  those  who  knew  the  Colonel  well  could  pos- 
sibly have  undei-stood  the  real  seriousness  of  these  mishaps  and 
the  elotiuence  of  .the  warrior's  curses  as  he  listened  to  the  rend- 
ing cloth. 

Like  a  snake  he  wriggled  through,  then  stretched  out  a  hand 
to  grasp  the  steering-wheel  and  assist  his  efforts.  Instead  of  the 
wooden  rim  of  tlte„wheel  his  clutching  fingers  closed  upon  the 
wet  clotl;  ol  a,co|lt  .^leeve.  As  far  as  hn;  compromised  position 
permitted,  CoIJMiftI  Gaspard  jumped. 

"  Why  the  devil,  didn't  you  answer  ?"  he  blazed  out. 

The  grim  silence  of  the  motionless  figure  m^6  him  complete 
his  exit  with  a  haste  tliat  ruined  his  trousers,  A  hastily  scratched 
match  confirmed  his  fears.  The  driver's  chest- had  been  crushed 
.like  an  egg-shell  against  the  wheel,  and  he  wits'^tone  dead. '  A 

■  finch  of  the  stories  in  this  series  is  complete  in  itself  and  entirely  independent 
of  the  others.— The  Editors. 


hurried  inspection  of  the  wreck  showed  a  complete  disaster 
The  car  had  skidded  into  a  ditch ;  the  front  wheels  were  smashed 
and  the  radiator  and  engine  a  tangled  niin. 

Colonel  Gaspard  walked  to  the  side  of  the  road  and  sat  down, 
then,  finding  how  wet  it  was,  Mrent  back  to  the  car  and  crawled 
very  cautiously  back  through  the  opening  he  had  made.  He 
drew  out  his  case;  selected  a  cigarette,  then  discovered  that  be 
had  used  his  last  match.  j-, 

"  Ten  thousand  million  curses  I"  he  exclaimed,  and  seized 
his  head  in  both  hands.  > 

Somewhat  wildly  he  took  stock  of  the  combined  evils  of  \m 
situation.  He  was  niarooned  in  a.^recked  machine  g^iarded  by 
a  corpse ;  he  had  no  idea  where  he  was  except,  that  ha  had  heard 
Jean  mention  the.  advisabiliiy  of  taking  bai^'ijitads ;  lie  was 
wet,  cold,  hungry,'  and  cotdd  not  smg^e ;  his  uniforfa  was  in 
tatters ;  and  he  must  infallibly  be  at  the  headq'bf^ters  of  Gm- 
eral  Taussel  before  six  o'doet  in  l4»e  fBomillgiJ  -      i* — 

To  any  one  it  wOuld  h&ve  beto  a  distressing' lA^kbinAtioii  ci 
misfortunes;  to  Colonel  Philippe  Gaspard  it  wti  a  positive 
insult.  He  had  difficulty  in  realizing  that  such  a  thiag  had 
actually  occurred — to  him  I  To  one  accustomed  to  taking  Jadem- 
encies  of  weather  as  personal  affronts  and  the  loss  of  i^  nair  of 
sleeve-links  by  his  valet  as  a  crime  for  which  there  was  Aardly 
an  adequate  punishment,  such  a  heaping  up  of  disaatiVK  was 
positively  beyond  thought. 

Yet  in  the  midst  of  his  tribulations  it  did  not  occur  to  him 
that  he  would  fail  to  reach  the  Genecal'^  headquaitam  jyi  time, 
any  more  than  that  the  sun  would  fail  to  rise.  ThetaRvnaehad 
always  presented  itself  to  him  as  a  well-regulated  placein  whicli 
the  pleasures  and  necessities  of  Philippe  Gaspard  oame  before 
everything  else. 

Obviously,  the  arms  of  France  could  suffer  no  greater  dis- 
aster than  that  his  person  should  be  marooned  with  a  wrecked 
car  and  a  dead  chauffeur  in  the  mud  of  an  obscure  by-road.  As 
soon  as  the  tragedy  was  discovered  the  army  would  know 
no  peace  and  wotdd  move  heaven  and  eart^hMMptil  he  bad 
been  extricated.  Nor  did  it  occur  to  him  that  HJEIPkHld.  faave  to 
extricate  himself  by 'his  own  efforts ;  iB(Mm^fiq<w-JHpiflfd  do  it  for 
him.  '•  <'*"•        ViS    *^. 

Everything  hi  the  forty-odd  years  df  hiislif^jml  tended  to 
justify  such  a  confidence.  From  infancy  smofw  padis  had 
stretched  themselves  before  his  shapely  feet,  obstacles  had  been 
r^uoved,  flowers  strewn,  backs  and  kn^  bent.  These  years 
had  left  him  what  he  was — tall,  slender,  aquiline  of  featmr, 
and  cold  of  manner,  utterly  without  a  sense  of  humor,  but  with 
a  perfectly  adjusted  sense  of  his  own  importance  as  contrasted 
with  that  of  all  other  men. 

He  was  without  doubt  the  best-di-essed  officer  in  the  Frencli 
army  (an  important  point  in  view  of  the  prcocut  «t«t«  of  bii> 
trousei-s).  He  had  never  had  an  important  command  in  die 
field,  had  seen  no  active  service,  but  his  knowledge  of  ^tinn^ 
coimected  with  .field  artillery  was  so  nlftnumentaTthat  aft  rapul 
rise  to  a  position  on  the  General  Staff  had  been  a  matter  of 
course.  ^f'- 

:Some  idea  of  the  unhappy  Colonel's  statS'  of  mind  may  he 
gathered  from  these  brief  explainations.  For  the  better  part  of 
an  hour  he  lay  in  the  corner  of  the  limousine,'inaking  not  tlie 
slightest  effort  to  decrease  his  discomforts.  Indeed,  they  hot 
served  to  increase  the  size  of  a  vast  and  cumulative  wrath  wboM 


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CURRENT    EVENTS    ILLUSTRATED 


('ciiir;«l  Ncwf  I'huio  Sertiue 


CHRISTMAS  TOYS  "MADE  IN  AMEKICA"  IN  THE  OLD  MEN'S  TOT-SHOP  ON  FIFTH  AVENUE,  NEW  YORK 
Tliia  toy-shop  was  established  several  yean  ago  by  the  Association  for  IraproTiog  the  Condition  of  the  Poor,  for  the  purpose  of  siipplyinf;  jobs  for  old  iiieu  who 
otherwise  might  be  oat  of  eniployinent.  The  shop  on  Fifth  Avenue  is  nxeil  daring  the  Christmas  season  and  the  workers  are  watched  eagerly  by  throngs  of  children 


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(C)  Press  Illustrating  S«rvite 


PRESIDENT  WILSON'S  TEMPORARY  HOME  IN  PARIS,   IN  THE  RUK  OE  MONCEAU 
Tlie  nue  of  this  fine  luansion  haa  been  tendered  to  President  and  Mrs.  Wilson  by  its  owners,  the  Prinoe  and  Princess  Mnnit.   It  is  sitoatad  ojipoaite  the  beautiful 

Faro  Moncean,  a  scene  in  which  is  shown  below 


Photoctaph  by  H,  H.  Moote.  of  The  Outlook  Siatf 

THE  PARC  MONCEAU  IN  PARIS,  OPPOSITE  THE  HEADQUARTERS  OF  PRESIDENT  WILSON 
This  park  is  one  of  the  luont  beautiful  of  the  ninny  fine  parks  of  Paris.   It  is  inclosed  by  a  superb  iron  railing,  it  contains  many  not&ble  statues,    and  amoaf  ics 

decorative  features  are  theCorintliian  colniuus  here  shown,  at  the  end  of  a  tiny  lake 


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C)  Iniematioual  t 


MARSHAL  PfiTAIN'S  TRIUMPHAL  ENTRY  INTO  THE  CITY  OF  METZ 


ۥ 


The  surrender  of  this  great  BtroDf^hoM  by  the  Genimiia  niuHt  have  been  especially  plea>iinf{  to  tlie  masterful  warrior  uiitler  who«e  directioD  the  war  waa  finally  won — 
Marshal  Foch — as  well  as  to  General  P^tain,  now  liiniself  a  Marshal.   As  a  boy  Foch  lived  in  Metx  while  it  was  still  French  territory.    He  left  it  when  it  became 

German.    Under  his  generalship  it  luu  been  redeemed  and  is  to  be  restored  to  Fnuioe 


(C)  InlemAtlonal  Film  Scrvi.  e 

TllK  OVKItTllUOW   OK   KAIsKlUsM   1\   MKTZ 

Tite  statue  of  Kaiser  William  I  was  overtiirnnd  by  tht;  Alsatinn  iiib:il>iiHnls  of  Met/,  as  that  pily  was  entervd  l)y  tliv  Allind  troops.    The  pictare  shows  the  diamantle<l 

Hgure  of  the  grandfather  of  the  recent  Kaiser  as  it  apj^-Hrefl  after  it  was  hurled  fnun  its  l^ase 


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(C)  l*aiil  Thompson 


PRINCK  LVOP>\  OF  IIUSSIA 

Prince  Lvoff,  who  was  Premier  of  the  RuHsinu  Ooveruiiieiit  formed  after  the 

overthrow  of  the  Czar,  hjis  l>een  visiting  the  United  States  in  the  interests  of 

his  distracted  country.    Tlie  i>hott>j:^nipli  was  taken  during-  his  visit 


(C)  Bain  News  Scnicc 

DR.  KARL  LIEBKNECHT,  GERMAN  SOCIAUST  LEADER 
VVhaterer  may  be  the  opinioa  as  to  Liebkneoht's  present  actirities,  hu  omrap 
iji  opposing  militarism  in  Qenuany  during  the  war  is  nnquestioned ;  it  m 
attested  by  his  imprisonment  for  his  outs)>oken  criticisms 


(C)  l.'iK.lerwuo<l  At  tfn(terwt)0<l 

RUSSIAN  AND  AMERICAN  COMMANDERS  IN  SIBERIA 

At  the  left  is  General  Senienoff,   connnauder-in-vhief  of  the  Allied  forcea  in 

Siberia.  At  the  right  is  General  William  S.  Graves,  coniniauder  of  the  American 

Exi>editionary  Force  in  that  country 


(C)  Western  Ncwspaifr  i   .  i. ;. 

AMERICAN  NAVAL  OFFICERS  GO  TO  A  THANKSGIVING  SEKVI« 

The  picture  shows  Admiral  Sims  and  Captain  Twining,  Chief  of  the  N'»™ 
Staff,  on  their  way  to  a  thanksgiving  service  in  London,  to  celebrate  the  j*** 
which  they  had  in  no  small  measure  helped  to  brings  about 


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THE  OUTLOOK 


673 


growth  he  rather  enjoyed,  and  to  whoee  ultimate  venting  ha 
kwked  f<»rward  with  pleasure. 

Ai(*r  a^nite,  uu<vBvei,~hiB"  physical  urr  becane' superior  Jfp 
this  unsatisfactory  species  of  enjoyment.  The  smash  had  given 
him  an  unpleasant  headache  which  was  increasing.  This,  com- 
Inned  with  his  cold,  bis  hunger,  his  irritation  at  the  dead  Jean, 
and  the  persistent  rain,  was  rapidly  becoming  insupportable. 
And  the  crowning  insult  was  the  state  of  his  dothing  and  the 
eoii»equent  apjpearance  he  would  make  when  finally  he  stood 
before  General  Taussel. 

At  last  the  Colonel  rose  with  an  oath  which  outdid  his  pre- 
vious efforts  and  crawled  out  into  the  rain.  He  did  this,  not  so 
mnch  with  the  hope  that  he  would  succeed  in  getting  anywhere^ 
bnt  rather  that  the  additional  injuries  which  he  might  experi- 
eiive  would  serve  to  increase  that  fine  glow  of  rage  which  .lAB 
now  the  chief  support  of  his  spirit. 

In  part  the  experiment  succeeded  with  commendable  com- 
pleteness.  These  conjectured  misfoi-tunes  which  were  to  augment 
his  wrath  fell  upon  him  like  so  many  grim  specters  lurking  in 
wait  just  outside  his  shelter. 

.  He  had  not  taken  three  steps  when  he  tripped  over  a  bait 
fender  and  sprawled  in  the  mud,  coming  down  ingloriously  on 
aU  fours,  then  flattening  out  and  sliding  foi-ward  oh  Jhis  face 
and  chest.  Rising,  he  blundered  forward  into  the  darkness,  which 
was  as  impenetrable  as  a  black  blanket. 

Slightly  dazed  by  his  fall,  he  groped  his  way  forward  with 
blinkmg  eyes  and  hands  outstretched.  The  trunk  of  a  wayside 
poj^ar  slid  maliciously  between  his  groping  hands  and  cnished 
gainst  his  face  like  a  giant's  club. 

With  a  stifled  grunt  of  pain,  the  Colonel  recoiled  and  sought 
e«eape  in  a  fresh  direction.  Here  with  his  left  shin  he  smote 
resoundingly  the  low  stone  wall  which  bordered  a  turnip-field, 
pitched  headlong,  and  buried  his  face  in  the  soft  mud  beyond, 
while  his  legs  remained  dangling  upon  the  wall. 

As  best  he  could,  closing  even  his  mind  to  the  thought  of  his 
hurts  and  the  complete  demoralization  of  his  appearance, 
Gaspard  crept  back  to  that  haven  of  refuge  which  the  wrecked 
motor  had  suddenly  become.  Once  back  m  its  interior,  he  col- 
lapsed limply  onto  the  seat  and  groaned  aloud  in  anguish. 

^his  was  a  world  gone  mad,  a  world  which  Graspard  knew 
not  at  all.  This  heavy,  rain-shot  darkness  was  positively  alive 
with  malignant  spirits.  In  grim,  relentless  silence  they  reduced 
the  martial  figure  of  the  Colonel  to  a  mere  human  atom,  covered 
him  with  mfid  and  ignominy,  md  sent  him  back  bruised  and 
battered  tflnffie  poor  shelter  which  he  had  left  in  such  braggart 
fashion 

For  some  twenty  minutes  the  Colonel  lay,  no  more  than  an 
animate  huddle,  in  the  comer  of  the  car  nursing  his  hurts,  his 
wrath  forgotten.  In  the  depths  of  his  misery  he  did  not  hear 
the  squelch  of  heaVy  boots  plusr-plugging  through  the  mud  nor 
feel  the  sli^^ht  jar  to  the  car  imparted  by  the  collision  of  an 
unwary  shm  with  a  rear  hub,  but  ne  was  e^vanized  into  sudden 
life  when  a  voice  almost  at  his  elbow  exehiimed : 

"■  Why  has  le  bon  Dieu  in  his  mercy  sent  me  a  limousine 
when  I  require  merely  a  roof?" 

The  voice  was  exceedingly  comforting  because  it  sounded 
like  that  of  a  man  consciously  superior  to  the  predicament  in 
which  he  found  himself,  which  at  the  moment  Colonel  Gaspard 
was  not. 

■    "  Who  is  it?"  demanded  the  limousine's  prisoner  in  a  des- 
perate croak  to  which  clung  some  shreds  of  his  usual  tones. 

"  I,  Th^ophile  Gelas,  cook  of  the  Tenth  Company,  Blankth 
Infantry  of  the  Line,"  answered  the  voice,  "  entirely  lost,  com- 
pletely wet,  and  utterly  ashamed  of  myself  for  both." 

Temporarily  the  stiff-backed  aristocrat  had  forgotten  the 
depths  which  yawned  between  himself  and  a  company  cook. 
Tms  was  a  human  presence  como  to  comfort  him. 

'*  Have  yoft.  A  match  ?"  he  asked,  almost  tearfully. 

*'  A  thousand,"  answered  Theophile,  and  approached  the 
door. 

"  The  door  is  jammed  fast,"  explained  the  Colonel. 

From  the  tool-box  on  the  running-board  Th^phile  hauled 
forth  a  big  wrench.  With  this  he  made  short  work  of  the 
jammed  door.  Thev  lighted  two  of  Craspard's  excellent  ciea- 
rettes  and  he  explained  his  ^ght.  Discipline  vanished ;  he 
spoke  as  one  man  to  another.  Th^phile  heard  him  with  oom> 


Elete   sympathy,    his   expression   and  gestures  unfortunately 
idden  by  the  darkness. 

"  It  is  a  pity,"  he  declared,  when  tiie  naiialive  was  ^lished. 
"  I  had  not  thought  that  France  held  such  a  wretched  comer, 
or  that  I  was  dunce  enough  to  lose  myself  in  it.  But,  since  we 
are  here,  we  shall  have  to  make  the  beist  of  it." 

Such  unconstructive  philosophy  irritated  the  ColoneL 

"But  what  can  we  do?"  he  demanded,  petulantiy.  "We 
have  neither  food,  fire,  nor  a  knowledge  of  our  whereabouts. 
It  is  impossible  to  get  anywhere  in  this  darkness,  as  I  have 
proved  by  nearly  destroying  myself.  We  must  wait  until  mom- 
mg — and  I  cannot  wait  until  morning !" 

"5ie» .'"  said  Theophile  ;  "  in  that  case,  your  plight  is  worse 
than  mine,  for  I  can  wait." 

"  You  are  a  fool  I"  snorted  the  ColoneL 

For  an  instant  Th^phile's  great  mustache  bristied  omi- 
nously, but  in  the  flare  of  the  match  he  had  observed  the  other  s 
uniform.  He  shrugged. 

•  "  That,"  he  said,  mildly,  "  remains  to  be  established.  In  the 
meantime,  I  am  at  the  orders  of  M.  le  colonel  I  Do  we  bivouac 
here  or  do  we  push  on  ?" 

"  An  owl  could  not  find  its  way  1"  declared  Gaspard.  "  Be- 
sides, I  have  hurt  my  leg," 

"  In  that  case,  we  evidentiy  remain.  The  first  thing  to  do  is 
to  eat." 

"  Eat !"  Gaspard's  tone  was  an  epitome  of  incredulity.  "  Are 
you  a  wizard  ?*' 

"I  am  a  cook,"  replied  Th^phile,  who  had  answered  the 
question  before,  and  set  forthwith  to  work.: 

To  Gaspard  Th^phile  was  intermittently  visible  like  a  sort 
of  fairy  occasionally  illununated  by  the  flAre  of  a  match.  Now 
he  was  audible  at  therfear  of  the  car,  again  in  front,  again  at 
the  roadside.  Once  Gaspard  heard  him  fumbling  about  the 
body  of  the  driver,  and  a  moment  later  there  came  a  grunt  of 
satisfaction  from  Theophile  and  the  beam  of  the  torch  he  had 
found  in  Jean's  pocket. 

"  A  moment  now,  mon  colonel,  and  there  will  be  a  fire  I"  he 
called  cheerfuUy. 

"  How  can  you  make  anything  bum  in  this  flood  ?"  Gbwpard 
asked. 

"  With  a  tank  full  of  gasoline,  I  could  make  a  fire  of  wet 
sponges !"'  replied  the  cook,  without  pausing  at  his  labois: 

Fifteen  minutes  later  the  Colonel  was  hoveHng  over  a  com> 
forting  fire  made  of  sticks  gathered  from  ~die  faihiddmg  dark- 
ness, splinters  ruthlessly  hewed  from  the  wrecked  car,  and  plenti- 
ful gasoline.  Th^pfaile's  activities  did  not  cease.  His  knapsack 
appeared  bottomless.  From  it  he  produced  oooldng  utensib  and 
scraps  of  food.  He  made  a  darting  foray  into  the  field  where 
Gaspard  had  come  to  final  grief  and  returned  with  turnips. 

Presentiy,  with  a  manner  somewhere  between  that  of  an 
anxious  mother  and  a  well-trained  waiter,  Theophile  served, 
while  the  Colonel  displayed  the  appetite  of  a  plowman.  It  was 
not  precisely  the  fture— consisting  of  turnip  soup,  bread,  and 
cheese — to  which  Gaspard  was  used,  but  at  the  moment  the 
Colonel's  tastes  were  not  discriminating. 

Under  the  combined  influences  of  food  and  warmth  his  spirits 
nnproved  wonderfully.  The  first  intimation  he  gave  of  a  i-etum 
to  his  normal  state  appeared  when,  having  finished  his  meal,  he 
lighted  a  cigarette  without  offering  one  to  Theophile.  The  latter, 
without  appearing  to  note  the  omission,  had  recourse  to  a  short 
pipe. 

For  a  few  moments  they  smoked  in  sileiic^.  By  the  time  the 
Colonel  had  fiinished  his  cigarette — Th^phile  smoking  in  the 
meanwhile  with  his  eye  fixed  on  some  invisible  point  in  the 
darkness — he  was  ready  to  resume  life  at  the  point  where  it  had 
b^n  interrupted  by  the  catastrophe.  Already  the  dihiinutive 
figure  of  Theophile  Gelas,  with  its  absurdly  bristling  mustaches, 
had  shrunk  from  the  dimensions  of  an  omniscient  djinn  to  those 
of  a  common  soldier  set  in  his  path  by  a  watchful  deity.  Nor 
were  the  uses  of  this  odd  creature  exhausted.  The  Colonel 
snapped  the  butt  of  his  cigarette  into  tiie  darkness  and  spoke. 

"  You  will  now,"  he  commanded,  "  go  with  all  possible  speed 
to  the  nearest  point  and  secure  a  car — a  closed  car,  which  will 
be  driven  here  at  once.  You  will  explain  that  it  is  for  Colonel 
Gaspard." 

Mow,  Th^phile  had  been  smddng  his  pipe  to  some  good  pur- 


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THB  OUTLOOK 


tHtm  nod  had  diaflovonKl  piwdiH^jr  tiie  tort  of  maa  wUli  wbdm 
iw  hud  to  di»l.  At  (Imj  muiut  timtt  he  wm  good  eoonp^  addier 
U>  know  that  th«  rwl  valu«  c^f  mn  ottitmr  u  aai  to  be  judged  by 
ttU  |WfWMuU  eeMtatricttiw.  ll'u  pl»n  for  handling  the  sltaatitm 
wa«  alnmdv  fomwad. 

"If  M.U  mUmel  wkhun"  be  agreed  promptly,  "  but  may  I 
Hiabi  a  MurgMtttoa  T' 

»  WhatiU itr 

"  It  k  Juat  tbia.  IMng  an  ignorant  pig,  I  du  not  know  thene 
niad««  ana  {t  ia.VMy  darlL  I  •boukl  profjaUy  atuMseed  onlv  in 
kwiitg  mymalf  mors  oompUstolv,  in  which  case  M.  le  eoloml 
Wfnild  Nimpiv  ba  aubiMfteu  to  ir««h  indignitiea.  In  fonr  hoora 
it  will  be  llgbt  Miougn  for  n«  to  Nee  where  we  are  going." 

,"  I  («tinot  wait  four  htnint.  It  i«  imperative  to  the  anny  that 
I  r«*H4th  (^MMtral  Tauiwol  witli  all  ]MHMii>le  speed.  You  will  go  at 

OIM<«  I" 

'rii/<opliil«  nMM,  pooketed  hi*  J>i|)e,  adjuated  hiM  pa«k,  and 
HaliiN'd.  (laaiiard  watohed  him  with  an  uneaiiy  eve. 

"  You  may  leave  the  ftNNl  and  the  eletitrio  toron,"  he  ordered. 

"  yy«VH,  wion  mhufil  /" 

An  iuNtatit  later  Tli<^oi)hIl«  vaiiiMliMl  in  the  darknetM,  hut  he 
did  not  go  far.  Ih^^ophiln  (ioluii,  patriot  and  last  of  a  raoe  of 
li««r«Mw,  jMut  mutinied. 

I  In  groiHMl  hia  way  down  the  road  for  aoroe  fifty  yardu,  then, 
itnding  a  clump  of  buahea  which  afforded  lome  aheltor  from  the 
rain,  ne  on«pt  ueneatli  them  and  ourled  up  like  a  dog.  From 
wliero  he  lay  ha  (mhiUI  nee  in  the  waning  light  of  the  fire  the 
gohliu  bulk  of  tlia  car  and  the  cloaked  figure  of  the  Colonel. 

"  I  give  him  half  an  h(mr,"  he  muttei-ed,  oomplaoently. 

Tha  elnnienta  oanie  awiftly  to  Tb<^ophile'i  aRsistanoe.  First 
(•nuie  a  nwh  of  ohill  wind,  tlien  a  audden  deluge  of  rain  which 
doumid  tite  flro  and  drove  (iaapard  in  midignined  flight  baok 
Ui  th«  oiir.  Titia  done,  the  rain  ceased.  The  fliokering  of  the 
Haahllght  showwl  the  C'olonal  emergiiifj  from  his  shelter,  then 
doing  futile  thinga  with  his  remainm|j|[  matohes  around  the 
drcncluHl  Are,  The  oath  which  acKHMupanied  the  sputter  of  the 
iHNt  match  reaehed  Th<^phile's  eara  dutiuotly. 

A  few  minutea  later,  as  Th<^phile  had  expected,  Gaspard 
liegan  ft  aeriea  of  deaperate  plunges  into  the  darknees,  putting 
t(Mi  much  faith  in  the  tortth.  The  cook  was  unable  to  see  the 
dcUdls  vi  the  Cktloiiel'a  suoceasive  downfalls,  but  thei-e  were 
(ragio  sounds  audible,  and  presently  the  fugitive  from  solitude 
omitted  a  veritable  yelp  ikve  assistance.    Thmphile  did  not  stir. 

"  He  is  weakaning,"  he  muttered.  "  In  ten  minutes  he  will 
Ih«  iiianngvable," 

Mcroiful  darknesa  ooverwl  the  Colonel's  retreat  A  dejected 
Hguns  strippail  uttacly  of  his  recently  regjuusd.  dignity,  he 
cmwlc<l  iNkck  to  the  oar,  and  an  instant  later  his  voice  pierced 
tlu<  darkness. 

"  (lelaa  !'*  \»  ahoitted.  "  Return  \  Amoif  GeUkal" 

"  Sh«Mit  U»  a  little,"  murmured  the  figure  beneath  the  drip- 
yXwtt  bushea.  **  In  (lie  fullnesa  of  time  I  shall  come." 

'u\»  ViAomA  wmtinned  to  ahtwt  lustily  and  with  uuflaning 

SersislMHte,  Th^>))hil«  «-ait<Hl  fur  a  minute,  then  trudged  Mok 
own  the  wmA^ 

*'  .VoM  c«>/<«W  ciUlwl  ?"  he  ask<<d,  simply. 

To  tme  in  ()Ha|iar«ra  «lat<»  vi  breMthleeaneas  the  queetitm  wm 
an  iiwidt,  yt>t  his  anawvr  wmm  witlMHit  r«>eentm«wt 

"  I  Kmv«  a|4it  my  thrtntt !"  he  |pw|)ed.  "  In  the  name  of 
heavt^),  ivlHukl  thai  Are  or  I  shall  di«« ! ' 

WIhhu  some  iainutt>«  lat«>r«  t)x<  C«Ji>ot<l  was  rubbing  his 
vltiUwl  hiUMht  ovw  lh<>  gr«t«>fiU  l>l»«t\  ThtHtuhile,  aquatting  uu 
a  dry  tHwihiou  ht>  haul  ltd(«4)  from  th«>  car,  eyvd  him  sitetHdativ^. 
I^Imhk  witlM>ut  asikin^jt  ^tt^nul^wu  h«>  bt>g»n  to  ajteak. 

*^  'I^hi«  u^C  W  b«^^|«u« "  has  («<>Mt  ftvr  me  the  hut  of  a  snies 
«xf  (vuwful  W««Mwa>  It  m»  l>t><iHi  im)wyi«aMl  upon  nM\  mom  ro/uMtV. 
thai  a  u»*«  »  wrv  a|4  to  »»v<»r\yM>u»ah»  hk  own  iui)t(Wtam<e.  I 
lv«\l  <hx>««)^Kt  that  I  wa«UH)U)«t4is»)>)«>  u^  th«^  )H<«dth  t>f  th«i>  Tenth 
1\mx»j>*u\»  t\vr  wh\>itt  I  have  ixH>k«Hl,  atni  «)kk<««  »>>U«vtiw  diji^v*- 
U\<»>s  *vr«>  »»\v  t»usiatut  o»n\  I  v***  wxHuuU^i.  TU\v  wwv  iu  (W 
K.^()xi«  \>t'  »M  >5r»HW*«»  iHjr  wKt>  kih^w  iH>  mitrv  »4"  <*»>,4;iM^  ttvui 
\  *K>  »Vf  tl^iu»j:.    1  w**  wr»•4v•h«^L    I  «x|l«K><«^l  them  to  di<*  in 

*^  Uul  what  kalXflM>«^) '  1^1  th^'r  etulxnMW  bx»  upon  mr 
t\m\w  '  N\4  at  aJU.  TWy  sauU  '  AK.  h^'n*  is  «ha»  Iiv!j»#  atruu ! 
).,x\k  MivU  tv»  wiM-  !«»>«»  juhI  (vuv^s  Vx>.H»h;lr\  fvvr  nt*  harv  l^\>^l 


tat  while  yoa  were  gone.'  This  to  me,  who  hsre  cooked  for 
generals  and  been  praised  by  no  leas  than  a  bi^adier  ■  Was 
ever  such  ingratitaae,  ever  snch  hnmiliation  ? 

"  Well,  there  it  is,  M.  le  colond !  A  man  thinks  faiiiB^ 
such  a  creatare  as  cannot  be  spared.  He  goes  away,  and  finds 
that,  to  say  nothing  of  not  having  mourned  him,  nobody  has  even 
missed  him  I    It  is  incredible,  but  it  is  true. 

**  To-night  is  the  last  straw.  I,  sleeping  like  the  dead,  must 
have  roIlM  from  the  tail  of  a  wagon  into  ue  road.  Since  I  was 
not  donolished,  I  take  it  that  somdKidy  kieked  me  into  the 
ditch.  I  may  even  have  crawled.  I  cannot  say.  At  any  rate,  when 
I  awoke  it  was  black  and  wet.  In  some  way,  I  missed  the  road. 
I  wandered  for  hours.  I  should  have  gone  on  wandering  for 
more  hours  had  I  not  come  upon  the  car  of  M.  le  colonel,  wfaitdi 
was  extremely  fortunate. 

"  But  never  a|^in  shall  I  boast  of  my  own  skill,  of  how  the 
stalwarts  of  the  Tenth  Company  woidd  die  like  flies  deprived 
of  my  presence." 

"  Woich  is  to  imply,"  Gaspard  said  unexpectedly,  **  that  the 
consultation  at  General  Taussel's  headquarters  vnll  do  very 
well  without  me." 

"Oh,  M.  le  colonel/"  protested  Theophile,  and  spread  oiit 
his  hands  in  a  gesture  of  deprecation. 

Gaspard  took  out  hia  cigarettes,  opened  the  case,  and  held  it 
out  to  the  cook. 

"  Will  you  have  one?"  he  asked. 

"  A  thousand  thanks,  tnon  colonel"  replied  Th^phile. 

They  smoked  in  silence.  Somewhere  inside  Colonel  Philippe 
Gaspard  the  most  astounding  things  had  taken  place.  He  was 
looking  with  new  eyes  at  himself,  and  at  the  grotesque  little 
man  who  sat  cross-Wged  on  the  far  side  of  the  fire.  To  a  sud- 
den emergency  this  Bttle  cook,  probablv  bom  in  a  garret  an<l 
raised  in  the  eutter,  had  risen,  thoroughly  adequate,  while  be. 
Gaspard,  of  t£e  Staff,  had  crumpled  Uke  a  rag.  In  the  clear 
light  of  day  this  night's  story  wovdd  redound  to  the  infinite 
credit  of  the  cook  and  the  undying  ahame  of  the  colonel.  This 
was  the  bitter  truth,  and  Ciaspard  astonished  himself  by  dicing 
it  squarely. 

Yes,  up  to  the  moment  it  had  beoi  true.  But  that  was  no 
reason  wny  it  should  continue.  At  bottom,  by  heaven,  he  wait 
a  better  man  than  this  diminutive  cook !  Not  merely  did  be 
possess  a  better  mind,  he  had  a  better  body,  a  better  coorage. 
(Well,  perhaps  not  better.  He  was  experiencing  a  new  justioe. 
a  new  numess.)  As  good,  then.  Let  us  see.  With  an  abrupt 
movement  the  Colond  got  to  his  feet.| 

"  Gelas,"  he  said,  ana  the  ttme  brought  Theophile  to  his  feet 
and  to  attmtion  as  though  springs  within,  him  had  bees  aa^ 
deidy  released,  "  we  have  sat  here  long  enough.  We  will  now 
find  the  main  road  and  the  headquarters  of  General  TanaseL" 

Together  they  sallied  out  into  the  daikness,  striding  man- 
fully, heads  up.  For  more  than  an  hour  they  battled  win  mad, 
water,  darkness,  uncertain  roads,  pit&lls  innumerable.  Toward 
the  gray  of  dawn,  a  hard  road  beneath  tbor  feet,  th^  fahm- 
dered  into  a  sentiy,  who  challenged  slee|Mly,  then  stiffmed  at 
sight  of  GUspard. 

Cris^  questions  and  prmnpt  answers  eetabKahed  their 
abouts  m  a  few  seconds.    A  few  moments  later  Ga^Mvd 
acknowledging  die  salute  of  a  heavy-eyed  sohaltetm, 
only  to  please. 

'^A  car,  please,  with  all  speed,"  the  Calond  aaid, 
'' But  fitsta  good  bieak£ast  fw  this  man—" 

He  tonied  aroand,  bat  Theophile  had  vanished. 

**  U'm  r  muttoed  theCokneL  *"  Discxetian added  to  kisatfe 
virtxies." 

He  took  from  his  po^ei  a  note-book  and  entereJ  m  it  Ar 
wiwds.  ~The«^>hile  Gdas,  roOc.  Tenth  Co.  Bfai^c^  Ii^  t£  ife 
Line,**  then  stemied  thnx^  the  door  whi^  tihe  pwaaled  aiW- 
tem  hdil  op«i  tor  him. 

Thoi^idule  truilged  steadily  into  a  wei,  gny  dawm.  J 
the  rviad  whifh  wvokl  lead  bun  to  the  Teatti  Coaaaar. 

'^JinH.'"   he  givmUed.  ~I  aat  extraottfiaaray  vi 
huH^riT,  and  shall  be  d«ad  whea  I  have  walked  te     ~  ~ 
Bnt  " — and    he  grinned  at    a    raadnde   spamnr  — ^~  I 
suh^mI  t«-o  wiwderfol  cigarettes  vAach  I  caa  sdB 
whi>    knt>vr»? — I    may  UTe    s^hdr  iaapnywd  tk» 
Saff.** 


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THE  SHEPHERDS'   KIELD 


I  WALKED   ONE  NIGHT  IN  THE   SHEPHERDS'   FIELD 


BY   JOHN  FINLEY 


I 


II 


I  walked  one  night  in  The  Shepherds'  field; 
The  stars  in  their  wonted  courses  wheeled 
And  no  new  g^ory  the  skies  revealed, — 

There  was  no  peace  on  earth. 
But  as  I  dimbed  the  Bethlehem  hill 
I  saw  one  bend  o'er  one  who  was  ill 
And  another  bearing  coals  to  fill 

A  net^bor's  empty  hearth, — 
And  I  knew  that  the  Christ  was  there. 


I  walked  up  the  Mount  a  little  space 

And  peered  through  the  shadows  for  His  face, 

But  found  Him  not  in  the  pictured  place 

Beneath  the  olive  trees; 
Then  turning  toward  Kidron  in  the  night 
I  saw  the  men  on  their  way  to  fight 
In  Jordan's  hell  for  a  thing  called  Right, 

Nor  hating  their  enemies, — 
And  I  knew  that  the  Christ  was  there. 


Ill 


Then  I  walked  alone  in  Galilee, 

\Vhere  He  fed  the  thousands  by  the  sea 

And  taught  and  wrought  in  His  ministry 

Of  human  brotherhood. 
There  did  a  Presence  my  way  attend, 
And  there  I  heard  the  voice  of  a  Friend. 
Say,  "Lo,  I  am  with  you  to  the  end," 
And  my  heart  understood, — 
I  knew  that  the  Christ  was  there. 


Atlantic  Oivaii,  November,  1918. 

^.„-«,«^_ 

-  iiwtff^^.^       ^    J*^'^3l^>^'''gWIWHMnMMWBg^     '^^^  ■  * 

♦**: 

^HBHSt'-JniSlr.-...  ^>m^SK^SBitiiti.Zs&j>Slfi^lMmmiaa»^^                    ^a<^iv>>  -^^^^^^^^^^^^^^l 

1 

BETULKUKII  FROM  THE  SHEPHERDS'  FIELD 


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THE  OU.TLOOK 


WEEKLY  OUTLINE  STUDY  OF 
CURRENT  HISTORY 

BY   J.  MADISON  GATHANY,  A.M 

HOPB  STREET  HIGH  SCHOOL.  PROVIDBNCB.  R.  I. 

Sated  on  The  Outlook  of  December  18, 1918 

Baeh  week  an  OotliBe  Study  of  Cnrrent  History  baaed  on  the  preoeding  number  of  The  Outlook  will 
be  printed  for  the  benefit  of  current  events  olasses,  debating  olubs,  teachers  of  history  and  of  English,  and 
the  like,  and  for  use  in  the  home  and  by  snoh  individual  rraders  as  may  desire  suggestions  in  the  serious 
study  of  enrcent  history.— Thb  Editor*. 


[Those  who  are  using  the  weekly  outline  should 
not  attempt  to  cover  the  whole  of  an  outline  in  any 
one  lesson  or  study.  Assign  for  one  lesson  eelected 
questions,  one  or  two  propositions  for  discnssioD. 
and  only  such  words  as  are  found  in  the  material 
assigned.  Or  distribute  selected  questions  among 
(BfFerent  members  of  the  dass  or  group  and  have 
them  report  their  findings  to  all  when  assembled. 
Then  have  all  discuss  the  questions  together.] 

I — INTEKIfATIONAL    AFFAIRS 

A.  Topic :  The  Polish  Question  ;  The  As- 

pirations of  Poland. 
Refereiux:  P^es  620,  628  631. 
Questions : 

1.  Give  a  r^sani^  of  Polish  history  to 
1914  in  fifteen  sentences.  2.  Explain  and 
comment  upon  Austrian,  Prussian,  and 
Russian  treatment  of  the  Poles  since  1772. 

3.  Civilized  nations,  America  included,  have 
allowed  the  partition  of  Poland — perhaps 
the  worst  crime  of  brirandage  in  all  his- 
tory—-to  rehiain.   How  do  you  explain  this  ? 

4.  What  is  Mr.  Gorski's  explanation  of 
Poland's  downfall  ?  6.  What  features  and 
characteristics  of  Polish  national  life  do 
you  note  in  Mr.  Gorski's  article  ?  6.  Write 
an  editorial  on  Poland's  contributions  to 
civilization.  7.  What  are  Poland's  claims 
and  aspirations?  Are  they  w«ll  founded? 
Discuss.  8.  Mr.  Gorski  says  that  "  the 
Polish  State  must  have  a  democi-atic  con- 
stitution." Would  this  insure  freedom, 
order,  and  justice  in  Poland  ?  Explain  and 
illustrate  your  answer.  9.  Explain  The 
Outlook's  statement :  The  Polish  question 
"  is  one  to  be  settled  not  merely  by  nistori- 
cal  precedent  nor  by  political  expediency." 
10.  Name  several  lessons  for  any  nation  to 
remember  found  in  or  suggested  by  Mr. 
Gorski's  article.  11.  Look  up  the  refer- 
ences under  "  Poland  "  and  "  Poles  "  in  the 
indexes  of  "  Modem  European  History," 
by  C.  D.  Hazen  (Holt),  and  "  Modern  and 
Contemporary  European  History,"  by  J.  S. 
Schapiro  (Houghton  Mifflin) — invaluable 
books  for  the  student  of  modern  history. 

B.  Topic  :  The  Peace  Conference  at  Ver- 

sailles. 
Reference  :  Pages  623,  624. 
Questions  : 

1.  Explain  Professor  Hart's  statement : 
"  Germany  and  Austria,  as  nations,  cannot 
be  brought  to  the  bar  of  justice."  Do  you 
agree?  2.  Who,  accoi-dmg  to  Professor 
Haxi,  are  the  criminals  in  Germany  tliat 
might  be  brought  to  trial  and  hanged  for 
their  crimes  ?  Give  his  reasons.  3.  Do  you 
believe  with  Professor  Hart  that "  no  orders 
from  above  "  should  be  allowed  to  excuse 
or  serve  as  a  defense  for  crimes  committed 
by  individual  Germans  ?  Reasons.  4.  Grive 
several  reasons  why  the  World  Congress 
about  to  meet  may  be  considered  "  as  the 
maintainer  of  civilization  "  and  "  the  em- 
bodied conscience  of  mankind."  5.  Do  you 
think  this  Congress  can  lay  tlie  structure 
of  a  lasting  peace  ?  Discuss  at  length. 

II — NATIONAL  AFFAIRS 

A.  Topic :  The  Department  Reports. 
Reference :  Pages  611- 613. 
Questions  : 
1.  The  average  citizen  takes  practically 


no  interest  in  Government  reports.  In  your 
opinion,  what  are  the  reasons?  Give  sev- 
eral reasons  why  he  should.  2.  What  is 
there  of  interest  to  you  in  the  report  of  the 
Secretary  of  War  ?  Do  you  agree  with  the 
Secretaiy  that  "  it  is  impossible  to  take  up 
the  question  of  permanent  army  organiza- 
tion '  until  after  the  Peace  Conference  is 
ended  ?  Discuss.  3.  Secretary  Daniels  rec- 
ommends that  "  construction  and  extension 
in  the  Navy  be  maintained."  Does  this 
mean  that  Mr.  Daniels  exercises  better 
judgment  than  Mr.  Baker?  Reasons. 
4.  How  do  you  account  for  American 
financial  management  of  the  war  without 
financial  disturbance  ?  Discuss  the  signifi- 
cance of  this  remarkable  fact  5.  Select 
some  topic  suggested  by  the  Secretary  of 
Agriculture  and  write  about  three  hundred 
words  upon  it.  6.  Give  in  your  own  words 
a  summary  of  the  report  ot  Secretary  Bur- 
leson. W4iat  to  you  are  the  speciaUysig- 
nificant  things  about  Uiis  report  ?  7.  What 
proof  does  Secretary  Lane  present  of  his 
statement :  "  Yet  this  is  aU  true  of  the 
Uniteil  States  "  ?  What  do  you  recommend 
and  why  ? 

B.  Topic  :  Industrial  Injustice. 
Reference :  Pages  617-619. 
Questions  : 

1.  State  and  explain  what,  in  vour  opin- 
ion, industrial  injustice  is.  2.  Explain  the 
steps  in  the  economic  evolution  of  the  race. 
3.  Who  and  what  are  responsible  for  pres- 
ent economic  conditions  in  America,  in  any 
country?  4  The   Outlook   describes    five 

groposed  remedies  for  industrial  injustice, 
tate  in  five  sentences  what  tliese  remedies 
are.  5.  Do  you  believe  that  any  one  of 
these  proposed  remedies,  or  all  of  them 
together,  would  do  Rway  with  industrial 
injustice  ?  Reasons.  6.  Which  one  of  these, 
in  your  opinion,  is  the  best?  Tell  why.  7. 
Give  reasons  for  believing  that  civilization 
to  date  is  not  one  great  plunder.  8.  Very 
valuable  reading  is  found  in  the  following 
books :  "  History  of  Labour  in  the  United 
States,"  by  J.  R.  Commons  (Macmillan) ; 
"  State  Socialism- — Pro  and  Con,"  edited 
by  Walling  and  Laidler  (Holt)  ;  "  Ameri- 
can Problems  of  Reconstruction,"  edited 
by  E.  M.  Friedman  (Dutton). 

Ill — PBOP06ITIONS  FOR  DISCUSSION 

(These  propositions  are  suggested  directly  or  indi- 
Kctly  by  the  subject-matter  of  The  Outlook,  but 
not  disoosaed  in  it.) 

1.  Democracy  does  not  guarantee  free- 
dom, order,  and  justice.  2.  American 
National  policies  are  shifting  from  day  to 
day. 

IV — VOOABULABT   BDILDINa 

(All  of  the  following  words  and  expressions  an 
found  in  The  Outlook  for  December  18, 1918.  Both 
before  aod  after  looking  them  up  in  the  dictionary  or 
daewhere,  ^ve  their  meaning  in  four  own  tcordt. 
The  figures  m  parentheses  refer  to  pages  on  whidi 
the  words  may  be  found.) 

Ethnological  (620)  ;  proscription,  phos- 
gene ^aa  (624) ;  recapitulate,  militate, 
epitomize  (6ll) ;  single-taxer  (618). 


j1  bootitt  tuggetting  method-t  o/ uting  tht  WtMy  Ovtlint  of  Current  HiMory  witt  be  $ent  on  application 


25  December 

THE  BURIAL  OF  A  NEGRO 
SOLDIER  AT  SEA 

Dr.  Thomas  Jesse  Jones,  the  well-knowu 
and  accomplished  specialist  in  sociology 
and  education,  has  just  gone  to  France 
under  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  auspices,  but  at  the 
instance  of  the  Phelps-Stokes  Fund,  to 
make  a  study  of  the  conditions  and  the 
personnel  of  the  Negro  troops  in  the  Amer- 
ican Army.  A  friend  both  of  Tlie  Outlook 
and  of  Dr.  .Jones  sends  as  the  following 
extract  from  a  letter  which  Dr.  Jones  wrote 
on  the  steamer  that  took  him  across  the 
Atlantic.  It  is  a  striking  little  picture  of 
one  of  the  most  dramatic  events  that  can 
occur  at  sea : 

A  colored  soldier  was  buried  at  sea  to- 
day. The  flags  on  all  the  ships  of  the  fleet 
have  been  at  half-mast  all  day.  It  matters 
not  that  the  soldier  came  from  a  lonely 
cabin.  It  matters  not  that  his  skin  is  black. 
He  is  a  soldier  in  the  Army  of  the  United 
States,  and  he  was  on  his  way  to  fight  for 
democracy  and  civilization. 

The  announcement  of  his  death  was  sig- 
naled to  every  commander,  and  every  ship 
prepared  to  do  honor  to  the  coloretl  sohlier. 
As  the  sun  was  setting  in  the  west  the  guard 
of  honor,  including  all  the  officers  front  tlie 
commander  to  the  private,  came  to  atten- 
tion. The  body  of  tlie  Negro  trooper, 
wrapped  in  the  American  flag,  was  tenderiy 
earned  to  the  stern  of  the  smp.  The  elusp- 
lain  read  the  solemn  burial  service.  The 
engines  of  the  fleet  were  checked.  The 
troopship  was  stopped- fiflTtlie  only  time  in 
the  long  trip  from  AttBrica  to  Europe. 
The  bugle  sounded  "  ^qfa^"  and  the  body 
of  1iie  American  soldier'nras  committed  to 
the  great  oceanjoid  to^Sod. 

The  comradeship  of  the  solemn  occasion 
was  the  comradeship  of  real  democracy. 
There  was  neither  black  nor  white.  North 
nor  South,  rich  nor  poor.  All  united  in 
rendering  honor  to  the  Negro  soldier  who 
died  in  the  service  of  humanity. 


A  TESTIMONY  FROM  EARLY 
ENGLAND 

If  the  spectacle  of  women  sitting  in  the 
House  of  Commons  is  startling,  what  shall 
we  say  if  tliey  invade  the  House  of  Lords  ? 

Yet  it  is  just  possible  that  in  so  doing  his- 
tory will  be  repeating  itself.  The  more  we 
study  early  and  mediaeval  English  history, 
the  more  we  I'ealize  tiiat  in  some  things  it 
was  really  modem  and  democratic.  As  a 
proof,  Mrs.  Mary  Sumner  Boyd,  Chainuaa 
of  the  Research  Department  of  tlie  Woman 
Suffrage  Commission,  sends  to  The  (%atlook 
an  exU«meIy  interesting  reference.  It  b 
from  Susan  B.  4j>^ony's  "  Histoiy  of 
Woman  Suffrage,"  Volume  I,  uag«  30. 
After  describing  the  Synod  of  Whitby,  oer 
which  the  Abbess  Hilda  presided,  it  pro- 
ceeds thus : 

In  the  seventh  century  the  Witenagemut  met  at 
Baghamstead.  to  enact  a  new  code  of  laws,  the 
queen,  abbesses,  and  many  ladies  of  quality  taking 
part  and  signing  the  decrees. 

Passing  by  other  similar  instances,  we  find  in  ttir 
reign  of  Henry  III  that  four  -women  took  imat  i  is 
Parliament,  and  that  in  the  reign  of  Edward  I  tea 
ladies  were  called  to  Parliament,  while  in  the  tkii- 
teenth  century  Queen  Elinor  became  keeper  <if  tk* 
Oreat  Seal,  sitting  as  Lord  Chancellor  in  the  Amia 
Regia,  the  highest  court  of  the  kingdom. 

This  is  not(  we  are  aware,  exactly  the 
same  as  "  sitting  in  the  House  of  Lords," 
but  the  use  of  the  word  "  called  "  looks 
like  it 


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1918 


THE   OUTLOOK 


677 


ft     t»»     t  ."M      II  »l     4  HI 


F"ranklin  Light  Weight  and  Air 
Cooling  add  to  Franklin  fine- 
ness a  day-by-day  deliver^'  to 
the  owners  of — 
20  miles  to  the  gallon  of  gasoline 
— instead  of  10 
10,000  miles  to  the  set  of  tires 

— instead  of  5,000 
50%    slower    depreciation    than 

an\^  other  fine  car. 


There  Are  Hard  Days  Ahead 
For  the  Wasteful  Motor  Car 

TODAY  when  you  are  considering  a  motor  car,  you 
have  something  more  definite  in  mind  than  a  year 
ago,  because  your  standard  is  bound  to  be  different  than  it 
was  then.  You  are  bu}  ing  a  car  to  ride  in — as  vinch  as 
j'ou  require — but  you  are  naturally  more  exacting  as  to 
costs,  comfort,  and  staying  qualities  of  the  car. 

Everybody  recognizes  the  fact  that  the  performance 
of  motor  cars  in  general  is  unchanged.  And  the  live  ques- 
tion now  is  which  car  will  give  you  zfull  measure  of  use- 
fulness— and  still  stick  to  the  new  standard  of  keeping 
down  waste. 

Cars  that  insisted  upon  bulk)',  wasteful,  rigid  weight 
before  the  war  now  find  themselves  put  of  line  with  the 
trend  of  public  thought  and  unable  to  change  for  months 
to  come  on  account  of  the  material  situation.  And  with 
the  people  frowning  uix)n  waste,  there  will  be  hard  days 
ahead  for  the  wasteful  motor  car. 

It's  all  summed  up  in  the  old  question  of  unnecessary 
motor  car  weight  and  rigid  construction.  Unnecessary 
weight  means  unnecessary  expense  to  move  it — more  fuel ; 
and,  combined  with  rigidity,  it  gives  tires  no  chance  to 
wear  out — they  are  pounded  out  long  before  they  should  be. 

The  Franklin  Car,  on  the  other  hand,  anticipated 
these  requirements  sixteen  years  ago.  It  has  always  been 
built  on  the  principle  of  utility,  cutting  out  all  excessive 
weight  at  the  outset,  and  relying  on  flexibility  instead  of 
rigidity,  and  now,  without  change,  it  meets  your  need  and 
desire  for  a  car  to  use — a  car  to  ride  in  with  the  utmost 
safety,  comfort  and  reliability  at  the  least  expense. 

The  fineness  of  the  product  is  best  indicated  by  the 
facts  of  Franklin  performance  in  the  hands  of  owners 
under  all  conditions. 

FRANKLIN  AUTOMOBILE  COMPANY,  SYRACUSE,  N.  Y. 


G^t  the  tutbit  *\f  dointf  things  right.     Thi*  u-itt  m^an  greater  production  ;  iev  waste  ;  in- 
creased  earnings.   W&rk/or  gooti  times  all  the  time. —  If.  3.  IKtfjtm,  U.  S.  Secretary  of  Ijatxtr. 


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ff78 


THE   OOTLOOK. 


2S  Dccetiiber 


All  legitimate  questions  from  Outlook  readers  about  investment  securities  will  be  answered  either  by  personal  letter  or 
b  these  pa^es.  The  Outlook  cannot,  of  course,  .undertake  to  guarantee  against  loss  resulting  from  any  specific  invest 
ment.  Therefore  it  will  not  advise  the  purchase  of  any  specific  security.  But  it  will  give  to  inquirers  facts  of  record  of 
information  resulting  from  expert  investig^ticMi,  leaving  the  responsibility  for  final  decision  to  the  bvestor.  And  it  will 
admit  to  its  pages  only  those  financial  advertisements  which  after  thorough  expert  scrutiny  are  bdieved  to  be  worthy  or 
(!oiifideii(«.    All  letters  of  inquiry  regarding  investment  securities  should  be  addressed  to 

THE  OUTLOOK  FINANCIAL  DEPARTBIENT,  381  Foorth  Avenae.  New  York 


911 


Peace  Questionnaire  for 
January  Investors 

IN  this  time  of  peace  and  readjustment,  the  prudent  investor  will  be  par- 
ticularly careful  to  buy  only  the  safest  and  soundest  securities — those 
which  can  pass  the  acid  tests  experience  has  developed  and  which  always 
can  be  depended  upon  to  determine  the  soundness  of  any  investment.   Par- 
ticularly is  this  true  of  securities  yielding  an  abnormally  high  interest  return. 

We  have  prepared  an  invaluable  piece  of  investment  literature  in  the  form 
of  a  questionnaire,  which  should  be  in  the  library  of  every  investor. 
Among  the  tests  in  this  questionnaire  are  the  following: 


1.  How  close  is  the  investment  to  the  prop- 
erty on  which  it  is  based?  Is  it  a  first 
mortgage,  a  junior  lien,  an  unsecured 
promise  to  pay,  or  a  share  in  ownership? 

2.  What  is  the  nature  of  the  property  behind 
the  investment  and  is  its  value  ample  for 
safety  during  all  periods  and  conditions? 

3.  Is  the  issuing  corporation  dealing  in  a 
necessary  commodity  or  service,  indis- 
pensable to  the  public  at  all  times? 


4.  Are  its  earnings  increasing,  so  as  to 
keep  pace  with  the  high  cost  of  material 
and  labor? 

5.  Are  the  bond  or  notes  steadily  paid  off  in 
cash,  year  by  year, out  of  the  earnings  of  the 
company,  or  must  they  be  refunded  when 
they  mature  by  contracting   new  debts? 

6.  Is  the  purpose  of  the  issue  to  increase  the 
earnings  of  the  borrowing  corporation,  or 
merely  for  refunding  purposes  ? 

If  the  investor  applies  these  tests  to  securities  offered  him,  he  realizes  why  it  is  exceed- 
ingly difficult  to  get  more  than  6%  on  his  funds  with  real  safety — the  safety  demanded  by 
trustees,  executors,  institutions,  and  the  most  prudent  class  of  individual  purchasers. 

The  first  mortgage  serial  bonds,  safeguarded  under  the  Straus  Plan,  meet  these  fundamental 
tests.  Their  thirty-seven  year  record  of  prompt  payment  without  a  loss  during  war  and 
peace  conditions,  indicates  their  soundness.  They  yield  full  6%.  Write  today  for  our 
booklet,  "Questionnaire  for  Investors,"  and  our  current  offerings  of  high  grade  first  mortgage 
6%  bonds.     Ask  for 

Circular  No.  A-905 


Detroit 

Penobscot  BItlt. 


Ettablished  1882 

NEW  YORK 

ISO  Broadway 


Minneapolis 

Loeb  Arcade  Bide. 


Incorporated 

CHICAGO 

Straus  Building 
San  Francisco  Philadelphia 

Crockccr  BIdr.  Stock  Excliiiitrc  Bide. 


Thirty-seven  Years  Without  Loss  to  Any  Investor 


!!!|i;!!;ir. 


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1918 


THE  OUTLOOK 


679 


THE   TURN   OF   THE 
TIDE   IN   FINANCE 

rj  a  recent  article  we  discussed  the  ad- 
Tiaabilify  of  investing  at  least  the 
major  part  of  one's  accumulated  capital 
in  long-term  bonds  rather  than  in  short- 
term  notes. 

Oar  present  piupose  is  to  iUastrate  with 
cases  these  generauzationa  and  to  discuss 
some  simple  means  by  which  the  investor 
may  make  some  preliminary  selections  of 
relatively  long-term  issues  to  be  submitted 
to  his  bimker  for  careful  consideration. 

During  the  past  yoar  the  trend  of  financ- 
ing has  been  a  gradual  development  toward 
longer  maturities.  21ie  war  has  produced 
a  shortage  of  working  capital  directly 
throneh  subscriptionB  to  Liberty  Loans 
and  indirectly  through  the  increasing  cost 
of  commodities,  and  corporations  in  need 
of  cwital  for  refunding  or  expansion  have 
fonna  it  costly.  This  was  the  experience 
earlier  in  the  year  of  the  Westinghouse 
£lectiic  Company  and  the  American  Tele- 
phone and  Telegraph  Company,  both  of 
which  were  forced  to  pay  aoout  eight  per 
cent  for  new  capitaL 

In  the  beginning  of  1918  the  American 
Telenhone  and  Telegraph  Company  issued 
$40,000,000  one-year  6  per  cent  notes  on  a 
7  per  cent  basis,  which  were  many  times 
oversubscribed,  and  at  about  the  same  time 
the  Westiufhoase  Electric  Company  sold 
815,000,000  one-year  6  per  cent  notes  on 
about  the  same  liasis. 

In  the  hitter  part  of  1917  the  New  York 
Central  Railroad  Company  issued  $15,000,- 
OUO  two-year  5  per  cent  notes  to  yield  6w 
per  cent,  and  the  Seaboard  Air  Line  Rail- 
road placed  an  issue  of  $4,000,000  two- 
year  D8  on  a  7  per  cent  basis. 

After  the  one-year  notes  of  the  Westing- 
bouse  Mectric  Company  and  the  American 
Telephone  Company,  we  found  such  com- 
panies as  the  General  Electric  Company 
nnancing  with  two-year  6  per  cent  notes 
and  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad  with 
one  and  two  year  5  per  cent  notes. 

The  Great  Northern  Railway  entered 
the  field  with  a  three-year  5  per  cent  note 
to  yield  about  5%  per  cent,  and  the  three- 
year  maturity  was  adopted  recently  by  the 
Liggett  &  Myers  Tobacco  Company,  which 
iaaued  $20,000,000  6  per  cent  notes  on  a 
6%  per  cent  basis. 

Five-year  78  were  brought  oat  by  the 
Cudahy  Packing  Company,  and  five-vear 
6a  by  tho  Kansas  City  Terminal  Railway 
Company. 

Several  interesting  offerings  of  serial 
notes  were  made  by  the  following  com- 
panies :  Procter  &  Gamble  (one  to  five 
year)  7s,  Armour  &  Co.  (one  to  six  year) 
6a,  Bethlehem  Steel  Corporation  (one  to 
five  year)  7b,  and  the  American  Tobacco 
Company  (one  to  five  year)  78. 

In  the  lato  summer  the  American  Tele- 
phone and  Telegraph  Company  again 
found  it  necessary  to  enter  the  money  mar- 
ket, and  issued  convertible  6  per  cent 
bonds  on  a  basis  of  a  little  over  Tjper  cent 
with  a  seven-year  maturity.  Ten-year 
money  was  sought  by  two  of  the  larger 
railways,  $20,000,000  by  tiie  Union  Pacific 
Railroad  Company  at  6</  per  cent  and 
S15,000,000  by  tiie  Lehigh  Vallev  Railroad 
.Company  on  a  6.35  per  cent  oasis,  and, 
there  being  [a  great  demand  for  .both  of 
these  issues,  they  at  once  went  to  a  pre- 
minm. 

Within  the  past  few  days  we  have  wit- 
nessed the  offering  of  a  long-terra,  well- 
known  bond  of  an  old-established  system. 


Preparing  Now  for 
After-the-War  Business 

The  commercial  future  of  the  United  States  will  de- 
pend largely  upon  the  wisdom  with  which  our  foreign 
trade  problems  are  solved.  These  problems  call  for 
immediate  close  study  in  order  to  meet  the  new  de- 
mands of  expanding  trade  conditions.  The  study  and 
consideration  given  must  be  practicalized. 

Shawmut  Service  is  a  recognized  factor  of  primary 
importance  in  the  business  and  banking  world.  Manu- 
facturers and  merchants  who  recognize  the  large  op- 
portunities in  the  foreign  field  should  avail  themselves 
of  this  specialized  service. 

THE  NATIONAL  SHAWMUT  BANK 

OF  BOSTON 

has  given  exceptional  study  to  plans  for  anticipated  de- 
velopment of  commercial  business  in  foreign  lands.  Our 
Foreign  Trade  Department,  headed  by  men  who  have 
had  actual  experience  in  leading  foreign  centers,  is  thor- 
oughly qualified  to  render  practical  assistance. 

We  maintain  direct  connections  with  South  America, 
England,  Continental  Europe,  China,  Japan,  South  Africa 
and  Australia. 

Correspondtnce  invited 

THE  NATIONAL  SHAWMUT  BANK,  of  Boston 

Am  inttmatimal  nputation  fir  tenitnvatitm,  sound  judgment  amd  ttrtngt^ 


with  a  present  maturity  of  sixty-nine 
years,  viz.,  Chicago  and  Northwestern 
General  Ss,  due  if^vember,  1987,  offered 
on  a  5  per  cent  basis,  quickly  oversub- 
scribed and  shortly  selling  in  the  open 
market  at  a  price  it  which  the  income  re- 
turn is  about  4.90  per  cent. 

From  the  r^uin^  given  above,  which  is 
of  necessity  fragmentary,  a  few  interesting 
facts  may  be  gathered. 

Gradually,  as  tho  year  progressed,  the 
corporations  have  given  evidence  of  their 
wilungness  to  commit  themselves  to  a 
bonded  debt  of  longer  duration ;  to-day 
they  are  not  as  positive  as  they  were  a  year 
ago  that  the  debt  can  be  refunded  later 
at  a  lower  rate ;  extraordinary  earnings 
can  hardly  be  anticipated  to  cancel  the 
loan,  now  that  the  war  is  ended  ;  an  ever- 
increasing  interest  by  the  public  in  longer 
maturities  has  been  manifested,  and  the 
cost  of  capital  has  been  on  a  declining 
scale. 

Let  ns  now  consider  for  a  moment  some 
of  the  short-term  issues  which  to-day  may 
well  attract  the  investor  who  is  seeking  a 


high  return  on  his  investment — ^let  us  ex- 
amine a  few  sh«rt-tenn  securities  from  the 
standpoint  of  maturity  and  yield  only, 
acknowledging  the  marketability  and  not 
questioning  the  security  of  the  following : 

Title  of  Bond                Rot*  MMorlty        Thu' 

American  Cotton  Oil 7%  Sept.  1,  1919  5.90% 

American  Cotton  Oil S  Sept.  1, 1919  S.60 

Ameriow  Tel.  &  Tel.  Co.  6  Aug.,  1985  5.60 

American  Tobaooo  Co.. . .  7  Nov.  1, 1919  5.70 

Amerioui  Tobaooo  Co. . . .  7  Nor.  1, 1930  6.10 

Baltimore  ft  Ohio  R.R. . .  S  Joly,  1919  5.70 

Bethlehem  Steel 7  Jnljr,  1919  5.70 

Chio.  Bnrl.  &  Qninoy  jt.  4  Jnlv,  1921  5.84 

Canadian  Pacific 6  Mar.  2,  1924  5.90 

Delaware  &  Hndaon 5  Aiig.  1,  1920  5.60 

Cheat  Northern  Ry 5  Sept.,  1920  5.60 

Qeneral  Electric 6  July  1,  1920  5.63 

Genend  Electric 6  Deo.  1,1919  5.45 

Lehigh  VaUey  R.R 6  Sept.  1, 1928  5.60 

NewYork  Central  R.R. .  5  Sept.16,1919  5.65 

Union  Pacific  R.R 6  Jnly  1,  1928  5.33 

If  the  investor  concludes  that  he  is  not 
justiiied  in  accepting  a  high  interest  return 
for  a  short  period  at  a  time  when  he  may 
avail  himself  of  the  opportunities  afforded 
by  the  present  purchasing  power  of  money, 
then  he  may  well  consider  the  following 

Digitized  by  VJWVJV  IV^ 


680 


IIIHIIIIIIHIIIIIfcrr«u.H.o,«h»JHlimilimiB 


r^ 


JANUARY 
INVESTMENTS 

At  Unusually  Low  Prices 

DenomiiiBtions  $100,  $500  and  $1,000 

Ratei6>^^%  to  87<i 

We  offer  a  carefully  selected 
list  of  well-secured  investments 
available  in  maturities  from  I  to 
20  years. 

They  are  in  every  case  secured 
by  industries  which  have  proved 
their  stability  during  the  past 
unsettled  conditions  and  which 
are  absolutely  essential  at  all 
times. 

Prices  of  securitiesare  steadily 
rising  toward  normal  levels  and 
we  suggest  that  you  take  advan- 
tage of  present  low  prices  to 
secure  a  large  income  return  for 
several  years.  Act  at  once  by 
sending  for  Booklet  No.  1019Z. 

Peabodj, 
Hougliteling&Co. 

(ESTABUSHED  IMS) 

10  South  La  Salle  Street 
Chicago,  111. 


lllllllllllllllltresTABuSHEOiaes-illlHIIIIIllHI 


FIRST 

FARM 

HORKAOS] 


Back  Up  America'*  Farms 

Cro))  prwluctioD  ilctii.-incLi  on  the  faTitierl 
have  doubled.  More  land  under  cultiva-f 
tion  needs  new  cash  behind  it.  Our  Farm  1 
MortKage*  and  Keal  l~-State  lit-nds  offer! 
I  a  real  opiwiruimty  ti>  serve  your  country  I 
to-day.  Send  for  Faniphlet  "  S  "  and  I 
current  oirerin;;s.    Ainmmts  tosnii,  1 

£.  J.  Under  &  Co.,  Grand  Forks,  N.  D.  I 
Cnfilal  ami  Sur/>lui  ^OO.oOu 


As  food  was  one  of  the  bif^geBt  factors 
in  wumin^  the  var,  so  now  the  nrt>- 
dnctifm  and  distribntlon  of  fooa  is 
one  of  the  biggest  tasks  of  reoonstme- 
tioo.   When  yon  put  your  money  into 

Straus 

Farm  Mortgages 

yon  not  only  have  a  safe  investment, 
yielding  a  substantial  and  satisfiactory 
mooraef  bat  you  are  financing  the 
farmeT  for  increased  efficiency  aad  the 
greatest  possible  production  of  food. 
Since  Stmus  Farm  Mortgages  are  secured  by 
improved,  productive  farms  in  ouly  the  richest 
sections  o<  Ohio,  Indtanaand  Illiiiois,  the  very 
beat  land  in  three  of  the  richest  a^cultural 
States,  you  have  exceptional  iMuianoe  of  the 
safety  of  your  investment. 
This  assurance  Is  supplemented  and  strength- 
ened by  our  record  of  nearly  sixty  years  irith- 
out  loss  to  a  customer,  and  by  our  legal  guar- 
antee of  full  payment  of  your  principal  and 
interest  of  G^ .  Behind  tbU  guarantee  stands 
our  entire  capital  and  surplus  of  93,000,000.00. 

1/  you  seek  a  safe,  profitable  and  patriotic  in- 
veAn%etU  tor  any  funds  now  availabie^  urite 
/or  our  Specinl  Bultetin  and  Booklet  0-12. 

Isa.  Straus  Brothers  C>nPAMY 

LiaoMiER,  Ikbiama 


BBTABUBHED  1 6*0 


THE   OUTLOOK 

The  Turn  qftht  Tide  in  Finance  (Coatinaedi 
bonds  and  their  adaptability  to  hiq  personal 
requirements : 

RAILWAY  BONDS 

(Legal  for  SavingB  Banks  and  Trnst  Fnnda  in  New 

York  State  aad  Listed  on  the  New  York  Stock 

Exchange.) 

Ptm.  Approz. 
TItlaofBond  Bate  Hit'y  Price    Yield 

Atoh.  Topeka  &  Santa  F^ 

gen 4»  1995  86H   4.87* 

AUantio  Coast  Line  1st 4      19S2  87      S.40 

Baltimore  &  Ohio  Ist 4      1948  83^6.06 

Baltimore  &  Ohio  prior  lien.  3H  1926  91 H  5.46 
Baltimore  &  Ohio  convert..  iK  1933  Si%  6.06 
Chic.  Burl.  AQuinoy  gen..  4  1958  86X  4.83 
Chic.   Burl.  &   Qaino7  lU. 

Div 4       1949   88H  4.82 

aevelandShortLinelstgtd.  4H  1961  90  6.08 
Delaware  &  Hudson  1st  ref.  4  1943  SOU  4.99 
Ot.  Northern  Ry.  1st  &  ref. 

&ext 4K  1961  92      4.69 

Illinois  Cent,  ref 4      1956  84H  4.8.5 

Lonisrille  &  Nashville  nni- 

fied 4      1940  89      4.81 

Minn.  St.  Panl  &  S.  S.  M. 

Ist  stp 4      1938  88X  4.99 

New  York  Cent.  ref.  &  imp. 

seriesA 4)i  2013  86H  6.27 

Norfolk    &    Western      1st 

consol 4      1996  88K  4.60 

Penn.  R.  R.  consol 4      1943  90K  4.82 

Southern  Pac.  K.  R.  Co.  Ist 

ref 4      1955  86K  4.93 

Union  Pacific  Ist  Id.  gt 4       1947   89 K  4.78 

Union  Pacific  Ist  &  ref 4      2008  86      4.67 

The  following  types  of  railway  bonds  are 
less  conservative : 

Pros.  Approx. 
Title  of  Bond  Bat*    lUt'y  Price    Yield 

Chesapeake  &  Ohio  oonv.    iH*  19.%  82      6.72% 
Chesapeake  &  Ohio  conv.    5  1916  88      6.86 

Kan.  City  Southern  ref.  A 

imp 8  1960  86      6.01 

New  York  Central  oonv. 

deb 6  1986  101    6.89 

Southern  Pacific  oonv 4  1929  85  %  5.76 

Southern  Pacific  oonv S  1934  1(HH4.S9 

The  following  indnstrial  bonds  will  bear 
examination : 

Pros.  Approx. 

Title  of  Bond  Bete  Mat'y  Price   Yield 

Armour  A  Co.lst iHlh  1939  86K  6.71* 

Beth.  Steel  1st  a.f 6  1926  95H  6.17 

Beth.  Steel  lat  &  ref.. . . .   5  1942  8HK  5.91 

Central  Leather 5  1925  96H  5.73 

Illinois  Steel  deb 4H  1940  85      6.49 

Indiana  Steel  1st 5  1962  fflH  6.22 

Lackawanna  Steel  1st 6  1923  97      6.19 

Lit;gett  &  Myers  deb 6  1951   93      6.46 

United  States  Rubber  Ist 

A  ref 5  1947  87      5.97 

United  States  Steel  s.f....   6  1963  100^4.94 

In  discussing  the  wisest  business  policy 
for  the  investor  to  follow  at  tiiis  time  we 
have  considered  the  matter  from  the  stand- 
point of  safety  of  principal,  marketability, 
and  income  return ;  and  this  should  suffice, 
in  that,  the  principal  being  safe,  tlie  in- 
vestor need  not,  as  a  rule,  be  greatly  con- 
cerned with  fluctuatious  in  price.  He  may 
disregrard  any  enhancement  m  pmicipal  due 
to  possible  declining  money  rates  over  a 
long  period,  and  then,  without  detracting 
from  the  short-term  security,  let  him  con- 
sider well  whether  or  not  he  is  furthering 
his  own  best  interests  by  overlooking  the 
well-known,  seasoned  long-term  bonds. 

QUESTIONS  AND  ANSWERS 

O.  I  hold  two  Liberty  Bonds,  one  of  the  First  4s, 
and  one  converted  4  per  cent  bond.  Will  it  be  pos- 
sible for  me  to  convert  these  two  bonds  into  those 
of  the  Fifth  Liberty  Loan  ? 
A.  The  attitude  of  the  average  investor 
regarding  his  securities  after  they  are  once 
placed  in  his  strong  box  is  evidenced  in 
the  report  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury 
by  the  fact  that  of  83,808,000,000  Liberty 
Second  4s  only  $1,541,000,000  have  been 
converted  into  4i^8.  This  will  result  in  a 
saving  in  interest  to  the  Govemment  of 
about  85,667^500  a  year. 

There  are  but  two  issues  of  4  per  cent 
Liberty  Bonds  outstanding,  those  of  the 
Second  Loan,  due  in  1942,  and  those  of  the 


25  December 


^^^HSfLL^'^.'™^"'*'' ' '"' '  **" '  '*'' '  *""^[;^t*' 


r-j' 


What's  Coming? 


Babson's  Mercantile  Bul- 
letin, which  will  be  off  the 
press  about  January  1,  will 
carefully  analjrze 

"The  Outlook  for  1919" 

It  will  discuas  the  extraordinary 
condltiona  of  inisineas  here  and 
abroad. 

With  the  war  ended,  this  bulletin 
Is  of  special  interest  to  manufac- 
turers and  merchants.  Sent  free 
on  request  as  long  as  copies  last. 

Write  at  once  to  insure  getting  a  copr, 
AOdnm  Dei>t.  0-22  of 

Babson's  Statistical  Organizatioa 

AdriurT  BuOdint  WeOeder  Oils.  Hn. 

Iu(Mt  CrgmntiiMee  ef  l*e  Oteractv  la  tke  W«M 


DANFORTH  FARM  MORTGAGES 

repreeent  the  higfaest  type  of  InrestmentB.  "^ey  lu'v* 

stood  the  tait  of  wara  and  buaineaa  deprcBBiom  mnoa 

lS5S-«0  ymn,  and  always  wortiti  100%. 

Interest  paid  promptly  at  matority. 

FARM  MORTGAGE  BONDS  In 
•500  and  Sl^OOO  denoininationft 


1 


For  further  Information  renrdfaifc  our  Farm  1 

Bonds  write  for  Booklet  and  InTestora*  List  No.  SB. 

A"G'Danforth"£G) 


BANKERS 
WASHINOTON 


Pounded  A.D.  1888 

ILLINOIS 


First  Loan  converted  into  48  due  1947.  The 
latter  are  commonly  calle<l  "  first,  converted 
48."  The  conversion  privilege  attaching  to 
both  of  these  bonds  expired  November  9 
last.  Those  of  the  First  3i^  per  cent  loan 
are  the  only  Liberty  Bonds  which  now  pos- 
sess a  conversion  leature.  They  are  con- 
vertible into  any  higher  rate  bond  issued 
during  the  war — except  short-term  five-year 
loans — within  six  months  from  date  of 
issue  of  such  higher  rate  bond.  The  termi- 
nation of  the  war  is  to  be  fixed  by  procla^ 
mation  of  the  President. 

Q.  Will  yon  tell  me  what  bonds  are  "  legal  **  in 
New  York  State  ? 

A.  It  is  not  possible  witliin  the  confines  of 
this  colunm  to  give  you  a  comprehensive  list 
of  securities  which  are  legal  investments  for 
savings  bank  and  trust  funds  in  New  Yoifc. 

Roughly,  bonds  of  the  United  States,  of 
New  York  State,  of  any  other  State,  or  of 
any  of  the  political  subdivisions  thereof, 
not  in  default,  are  legal.  Railway  bonds, 
subject  to  various  restrictions  and  excep- 
tions, also  come  witliin  this  category. 
Foremost  among  these  the  requirement 
are :  (1)  that  the  bond  shall  be  a  first  mort- 

ne  eitlier  on  a  road  whose  principal  part 
ocated  within  this  State  or  on  a  roail 
in  another  State  or  States,  provided  such  a 
rood  owns  not  less  than  500  miles  of 
standard  gau^e  track,  exclusive  of  sidines  ; 
and  (2)  that  in  either  case  the  road  danns 
the  five  vears  just  prior  to  investment  ahafl 
have  paid  interest  and  principal  punctnallv 
on  its  mortgage  indebtedness,  and  sfaaJ] 
have  paid  in  dividends  during  each  of  said 
five  years  an  amount  equal  to  four  per  cest 
on  its  outstanding  stock. 


Digitized  by 


Google 


1918 

THE  WORK   OF  A  STUPEN- 

DOUS   GOVERNMENT  PLANT 

Manr  readers  make  it  a  principle  to 
avoid  tne  .pi^fes.of  a  da^j.pi^per  that  con- 
tain the  stock  qaotation8,niarket  reports, 
and  other  columns  filled  with  "  tiresome 
figures."  They  are  almost  equally  averse 
to  casting  their  eye  over  a  magazine  article 
that  may  require  them  to  think  in  terms  of 
statistics.  Even  these  persons,  however, 
may  find  the  following  illustrations  of  tlie 
magnitude  of  the  work  that  is  produced  by 
one  of  the  Grovemment's- most,  important 
agencies  of  enlightenment,  the  Government 
Printing  Office,  not  wholly  dull.  Thev  are 
from  an  article  in  the  December  "  Book-' 
man  "  by  Henry  L.  West,  formerly  a  Com- 
missioner of  the  District  of  Columbia,  at 
present  Executive  Secretary  of  the  National 
secority  League : 

The  Government  Printing  Office  uses 
the  largest  number  of  typesetting  machines 
anywhere  assembled  together  in  the  world. 

It  sets  up  a  greater  number  of  type  pages 
in  a  year  than  the  output  of  all  the  oook- 
publishing  houses  in  the  United  States. 

It  prints  and  binds  each  year  more  books 
than  are  -contained  in  the  Library  of  Con- 
gress, the  largest  library  in  the  country. 

It  prints  each  year  enough  speeches  of 
members  of  Congress  to  provide  one  for 
every  family  of  four  persons  in  the  United 
States. 

It  can  set  in  type,  proof-read,  electrotype, 
print,  bind,  anci  deliver  a  book  of  over  two 
thousand  pages  within  twenty- four  hoars. 

It  delivered'  one  million  Liberty  Loan 
posters,  printed  in  two  colors,  in  three  days, 
recently. 

It  prints  and  delivers  four  million  postal 
cards  each  day. 

It  has  sixty-eight  price-lists  of  its  publi- 
cations. A  general  price-list  would  be  too 
bulky  for  ordinary  use — it  would  make  a 
Book  the  size  of  Webster's  Dictionary. 

It  printed  last  year  ninety-seven  million 
copies  of  publications  for  the  Department 
of  Agriculture,  "  breaking  all  records  in 
publication  achievements. 

Of  these  the  most  popular  was  a  pam- 
phlet caUed  "The  Small  Vegetable  Gar- 
aen,",of  which  amillion  copies  were  printed. 

One  work,  printed  some  years  ago,  a 
history  of  the  United  States  Capitol,  is 
worth  $100  to-<lay,  though  when  first  issued 
it  was  given  away. 

It  prints  dailies,  weeklies,  monthlies,  and 

Quarterlies.  One  of  the  dailies  has  a  circu- 
ition  of  over  a  hundred  thousand. 

It  has  a  pay-roll  of  five  milliort  dollars. 

The  head  of  this  vast  organization 
receives  a  salary  of  five  thousand  five  hun- 
dred dollars  a  year. 

The  Government,  it  may  be  said  in  con- 
clusion, thus  commands  fine  executive 
ability  at  lower  cost  than  is  possible  with  a 
private  corporation — this  being  one  func- 
tion, at  least,  in  which  a  Governmental 
plant  appears  to  have  the  advantage  over 
an  individual  enterprise. 


THE   OUTLOOK 


681 


A  photograph  was  recently  taken  of 
Watteau's picture, "  YoungMui  Dancing," 
in  the  Louvre  in  Paris.  nThen  the  plate 
was  developed,  so  a  correspondent  of  the 
"  American  Art  News  "  states,  a  small  ob- 
ject was  perceived  near  the  frame— some- 
thing never  before  noticed.  It  was  a  diav- 
olo,  the  small  toy  popular  ten  years  ago, 
and  the  string  is  now  seen  in  tiie  young 
man's  hands.  So  the  picture  must  be  re- 
napet-"  Young  Man ,  Phyfi^  Wnvo b," 
instead  of  "  Dancing." 


"CATARRH  is  a  LUXURY 

Not  a  NECESSITY" 


" /CATARRH  of  the  head  is  annoying— and 
Vj  filthy.  In  the  throat  it  causes  irritating 
cough.  When  it  is  seated  in  the  chest  it 
is  called  bronchitis.  If  allowed  to  continue 
the  bronchitis  becomes  chronic  and-  robs 
the  individual  of  refreshing  sleep,  comfort 
and  health.  It  weakens  the  lungs  and  paves 
the  way  for  pneumonia  and  consumption. 

"  Catarrh  of  the  stomach  and  intestines  points 
toward  indigestion.  So  does  catarrh  of  the  liver, 
which  produces  various  ills,  such  as  jaundice  and 
gall-stones,  often  ending  in  disagreeable  and 
painful  liver  colic. 

"  Catarrh  somettmes  causes  ear- 
ache, headache  and  other  forms 
of  pain,  and  it  lays  the  foundation 
for  many  diseases, 

"  Catarrh  is  due  to  improper  eat- 
ing—90  are  coughs  and  colds  that 
are  hard  to  shake — and  these  con- 
ditions can  be  prevented  and  cured 
through  right  eating.  And  here  is 
how  it  happens : 

"  When  people  eat  as  they 
should  not,  tht^  get  indigestion, 
which  fills  the  stomach  and  bowels 
with  acids,  gases  and  poisons;  a 
part  of  these  abnormal  products 
are  absorbed  into  the  blood,  which 
becomes  very  impure  and  the 
whole  body  gets  acid.  The  blood 
tries  to  purify  itself  and  a  lot  of 
the  waste  attempts  to  escape  by 
way  of  the  mucous  membrane. 
This  causes  irritation,  and  the 
result  is  colds  and  catarrhs. 

"  The  right  kind  of  food — food  we  all  like — 
properly  eaten,  makes  pure  blood  and  produces 
health,  vigor  and  strength.  The  right  kind  of 
food  buil(^  a  sound  body,  puts  catarrh,  pimples 
and  blotches  to  flight,  paints  roses  on  the  cheeks 
and  makes  life  worth  living. 

"  Catarrh  can  be  conquered  quickly.surely,  and 
permanently.  It  has  been  done  in  thousands  of 
cases.  If  wu  have  eatarrh  yon  hat<e  eattn  your 
way  to  it.  You  can  cure  yourself— you  can  eat 
your  way  out  of  catarrh  mto  health,  and  wUle 
you  are  losing  your  catarrh  you  will  rid  yourself 
of  other  physical  ills:  The  dirty  tongu^  that  tired 
feeling,  the  bad  taste  in  the  mouth  in  the  morn- 
ing, the  gas  in  the  stomach  and  bowels,  the 
headache  and  other  aches,  pains  and  disabilities 
will  clear  up  and  vanish,  it  is  marvelous  what 
proper  eating  will  do,  when  other  means  fail. 
Don't  take  my  word  for  it,  but-prove  it  in  your 
own  case  and  on  your  own  person. 

"  Catarrh  is  a  luxury,  not  a  nectssity.  Those  who 
get  it,  can  keep  it  indefinitely.  They  can  also 
get  rid  of  it  and  stay  rid  of  it.  Those  who  have 
catarrh  should  not  complain  about  it,  for  they 
can  easily  get  the  knowledge  that  will  show  them 
how  to  get  rid  of.the  disease  and  maintain  health." 

In  eveiT-day  practice  Dr.  Alsaker  teaches  his 
patients  the  cause  of  their  trouble  and  how  to 
live  so  as4o  effect  a  cure.  There  is  no  mystery 
about  his  system  of  treatment.  It  is  a  plain, 
common-sense  method  that  any  one,  young  or 


Says  R.  L.  Alsaker,  M.D. 

old,  rich  or  poor,  can  put  into  practice  in 
their  own  home,  in  any  town  or  city,  in  any 
country.  There  is  no  expense  attached  to 
this  plan.  It  shows  you  how  to  live  in  har- 
mony with  the  laws  and  principles  that ^pv^rw 
health.  It  shows  you  how,  what  and  when  to 
eat  so  that  your  Catarrh  will  leave  you  and 
you  wilj  become  healthy  and  happy.  Years 
of  experience  have  proved  its  complete  success. 
The  doctor's  instructions  are  easy  to  under- 
stand and  pleasant  to  follow.  No  drugs,  salves, 
serums,  sprays  or  health  resorts  required  or 
prescribed.  No  special  foods  to 
tiy  or  buy. 

He  has  given  full  and  complete 
directions  Tor  the  cure  of  catarrh  in 
his  book  entitled  Curing  Catarrh, 
Coughs  and  Colds.  Thousands  of 
people  in  all  walks  of  life  have  re- 
covered health  by  following  the 
plan  outlined  in  this  book  of 
health  building  knowledge. 

If  you  want  to  cure  yourself  of 
Catarrh  and  learn  how  to  prevent 
colds  send  for  your  copy  of  Curing 
Catarrh,  Coughs  and  Colds.  FoU 
low  in.structions  for  one  month, 
then  if  you  are  not  satisfied  with  the 
improvement  in  your  health  and 
the  lasting  value  of  the  treatment 
recommended,  return  the  book 
and  your  money  will  be  refunded. 
NO  TB.  Manypalmu  have  trrUlen  thai 
U  worOi  SlOO,  and 


R.  L.  ALSAKER.  MJ>. 


IKU  book  U  voHh  8100,  and  tome  hare 
taid  82.000.  One  man,  in  ordering  a  book 
/ora/Hmd,icrUej:  "  1/ U  coH  8200  lh» 
adviee  umM  be  cheap." 

PUBLTBHER'B  AOTfOtmCKJraNT :  B.  L.  ijmkm,  M.D., 
ii  k  new  type  of  phyaioiu  aind  ta  *  reoognliad  authority  on  the 
•nbjeot  dianiMnl  In  the  shoTB  Brttele.  He  does  not  doctor 
(liwane,  lie  uliowa  the  nick  liow  to  iwover  health.  He  haa 
put  the  net  reanlt  of  many  yeura  of  profeaaional  eii>eriejice 
with  sick  [)eop]e  into  Ilia  writings  and  it  is  a  real  pleasnre 
for  me  to  reiomuiend  them  becanse  I  know  from  personal 
eiijerienee  that  good  results  always  follow  an  observance  of 
Ilia  BUnple  instnicUons.  Dr.  Ahaker's  h«Jtli  instnictions 
are  pnhli^hed  in  Hve  handv  rohimea  at  two  dollars 
eiuh.  1  hny are :  " Cnrini: Catarrh.CoiiEhsand Colds, 
Kietnit;  Ihahetea  and  Uriirlit's  Dinejiae,"  "Con- 


.---..- ..nirlK  o   .„rwr,««7,  v.uir 

■ineniiK  toiisumptlon."   "Curini;  Conatipotion 

lUld  Appendicitis."  "  (iettillL'  Rid  of  Rlieuma-      . 

tism,"  "  UunuK  Diseaaes  of  Heart  and  Arter-       ' 


FrulE. 

A  prominent  bllsiii(««'niairofSv'nKuw'    /      iv_!"'im' 
who  reeoveretl  healtli  bv  foltnwini;  Dr.     X  ^^ 

Alaiikeraaitviie  writes:  "Measured  by  /  1133  Brsadwa,, 
tlie  Ices  cliarged  by  the  average  juhy-     _/  |i._  y--i 

sician  for  a  .liiiKle  preseriptiou,  Dr      /     _     ,       ,  ,    "   , 
Alaaker'se-liuatioDal  health  books     /        Enclosed  is  S2.10 
are  worth  from  $.')(i  to  JUKI  each  "  /     'of  which  send  me 
Send  $'.■  for  the  book  that  treats     /     Dr-    Alsaker's    book 
of  your  condition  and  learn 
quickly  how  you  can  recover 

health  and  hapninesH.  >  -- 

FRANK  K.  .M<)UI{ISON  /  I  will  follow  inatractloiu  for 
iKst.  18d.'«>.  Pi'DLiHiiKR  /  one  moutli.  ff  I  am  not  aatia- 
oirDK.  .\LSAKKR'S  X  fled  with  the  improvement  hi 
KDUCATIONAL  /  my  health.  I  will  return  the 
HEALTH  BCIOKS,  /     book  and  you  are  to   refund   my 


Dept.  19(1,  li™ 
Broadway, 
New  York. 


money. 


COMRADES  IN  COURAGE 

By  UEUT.  ANTOINE  REDIER 

ONE  of  the  three  truly  great  books   that  the  war   has   brought   forth   in 
France  both  as  a  literary  achievement  and  as  a  popular  success. 

Belieying  that  many  raadera  of  The  Outlook  wotild  like  to  heve  anil  preserve  thU  thrilHm 
and  intrtrasting  story  of  the  war,  we  have  made  a  special  arrangement  with  the  pubUahers, 
Doubleday,  Page  &  Co.,  which  enables  us  to  offer  it  in  combination  with  a  year's  sub- 
scription to  The  OutliBok  at  the  special  price  of  94.50  for  the  two.  The  retail  price  of  the 
book  alone  ia  $1.40,  net.  It  is  attractively  bound  in  cloth,  and  will  make  a  moat  welcome 
Christmas  gift.  Only  a  limited  number  of  volumes  are  at  our  disposal  for  this  special  offer, 
and  the  supply  %vill  soon  be  exhausted.  Therefore  it  is  important  that  you  should  send  your 
order  af  once  if  you  wish  to  secure  one  of  these  books  at  the  special  combination  price  nllTnr^i 


THE. OUTLOOK.  COMP^Ny. 


Digit!; 


;eclbyVJWVJVl\^ 


682 


THE   OUTLOOK 


25  DeoemlMr 


Tours  and  Travel 


1ravel(|)ithounrwible 

To  EUROPE,  SOUTH  AMERICA, 
JAPAN,  CHINA.  PHIUPPWES,  Etc 

Oreneu  tniTelera  will  find  on» 
aerrioa  for  aminging  paasage  de- 
tails, etc.,  of  exceptional  value 
under  present  oonditiona. 

CAUFORNIA,  THE  SOUTH 

AND  AI.I.  WIIfTKB  KE80BT8 

Escorted  Tours  to  the  Faolflc 

Co»st,  Jan  nary.  Febmary 

and  March 

Tteketa  sod  Toois  BTWrwhei*.  Pnfr 
msn  and  Hotel  aocommodMlons  reaarrnl 
tn  tdYsno*.  Complete  infonnstioii,  tlms 
tsblee,  etc.  Itiiiemies  unuwed. 

THOS.  COOK  &  SON 

MS  Broadway,  New  York 

,  Fhilwielpbls,  Ohlca«o.  Los  Ap- 
,  Mootnal,  Toronto 


Hotels  and  Resorts 


NEW    YORK 


Philipse  Manor  Inn 

DWECTLT  ON  THE  HUDSON  RIVa 

AdwitUEee  of  s  home  without  Ha  reaposui- 
bintiee.  nsy  oammuting.  AttnctWe  for 
week-ends.  Addrau  Korth  Turytown.  Tele- 
phone,  Tsmrtown  178. 


W  gW    YORK    C  ITY 


Apartments 
WANTED-BY  TWO  LADIES 

from  Jsnusry  l»t  to  Msy  1st,  small  fumlAed 
it  or  floor  in  orinte  house,  New 
— Out"    ■ 


'brk.  Bent  fli.  »,»««,  Outlook. 


Real  Estate 


Go  to  Emxpe  at  My  Expense  %Si^ 

br  f  ormlnE  s 'maU  psrty  *•  soon  as  ramditions 
wul  aUowT  Baboocx's  EosonAX  and  Aiuui- 
Sui tSbm. UWPean Bt.. Brooklyn.  B.t. im 


Hotel  Le  Marquis 

3I«t  Street  *  Fifth  ATeane 
New  Yoilc 

Oomhinss  srarr  coDTanlanoe  and  home 
oomfort,  and  commends  Itself  to  peopw  of 
nihismsnt  wlshlnc  to  Uts  on  Amnkan  PIsn 
and  bs  wItUn  aaar  rsacfa  of  social  and  dim- 
matic  csntsn. 

Room  and  taatli  t*M  par  day  with  maals,  or 
t3M  par  day  witliont  meals. 

Illustrated     Booklet     iMIy  jent. 


request. 


J0£ 


.  T0L80!! 


The  Margaret  Louisa 


of  the  Y.  W.  C.  A. 
14  East  16th  St,  New  York 

A  homelike  hotel  for  aett-supportinc 
women.  BIncle  rooms  tl.MpCTnlcht.  Doa- 
ble roomsiinboda)  »1.40  nar  id^t.  KesUu- 
rsnt  open  to  all  women.  Bend  for  oiroalar. 


DISTRICT  OF  COLUMBIA 

C  -  C  .  1  -  An  ideal  home  anmmer  or  wlnt«r, 
ror  sale  in  baautUul  Washington,  D.  C. 
U  rooms.  )  hatha,  laundry,  wqpd-room,  hot 


water  heat,  etc.  large  crounds.  Vtaw 
BurpsMsd.    Write   for  <urther  psrtlcidan, 
H.  hTqRIBWOLD,  (owner).  Anaeostla.  P.  0. 


N  E  W  Y  O  RK 


HELP  WANTED 


Teaehers  and  Oo«ernea»< 

HOPKINB'  Educational  Acancy.  w: 

Aye.   QoTemaaans :  nnnery,  taadiini 

M»;  housekeepers:  family  flan,  ehib 

yw ;  oolkce  social  hssd.  kuw  year. 

COLLEGE   womsn   with    e 
snperrisiiii  connsslor  in  girls^ 

aUB^rafernM»MI,m, 

OOVBRMEBSRB.  mstron^ 
en,    cafeteria    manscera,    ai< 
Hicharda,  Box  S,  East  Sde 
denoe,  R.  L 


cantpk,  July. 


Btatioa,    ProTv 


SITUATIONS  WANTED 


Co.,   over 

spot  for  aummer 

hotel,  oottaites.    Vlsw  unsurpaaaed.    Great 
inreatment  opportunity.  9,2M,  Ontlook. 


for  Sue  too  acres.  Ideal  spot  for  a 


BUSINESS  OPFONTUNITIES 


WAMTKP-Apartnertoia  esUbUshaboytf 


Director,  Bl 


it,Trentaii,I< 


Hotels  and  Resorts 

OOHWEOTICUT      ~ 


U/avairlo  Inn  NEW  MltPOBD, 

Waysiae  inn  utchiieid  co.,  conn. 

The  foothills  of  the  BertaWrej    A  restful 

fottabis  home-^BOors  from  New  York.  Hi 

A  week  end  up.  Booklet. _. 

■  MM.  J.  S.  CABTLB.  Proprietor. 


FLORIDA 


DA'STONA,   BXOBIDA 

/deal  Winter  Rami 

PALMETTO  HOTEL 

has  beat  location,  whole  block  waterfront,  own 
dock,  bathlnerboating,  flshiog,  hunting,  golf, 
etcTM.M  per  day.  Bkcellent  cooked  meals. 
Bpedal  weekly  or  aeaaon  ratea.    Booklet  A. 


MASSACMUeETTS 

If  Tm  Art  Tir«a  «r  Net  FmUii  Wdl 

nm  cannot  And  a  more  comfortable  pkUM  in 

THE  WELDON  HOTEL 

GBBKNFIELD,  MASS. 

It  affoids  all  the  comforts  of  horns  without 

sxtiaTSgance. 


HOTEL  JUDSON 


S3  Washing- 
ton Sqsara 

adjoining  Judsoo  Memorial  Church.  Rooms 
with  snd  without  batli.  Ratea  S3.M  per  day, 
Inoludtaig  meals.  Bpeclsl  ratee  for  two  weeks 
or  more.  Location  very  central.  Couveuieut 
to  all  elentad  and  atreat  car  lines. 


SOUTH   CAROLINA 


PINE  RIDGE  CAMP 

Aiken,  S.  C. 
Ideal  tor  outdoor  life  In  winter.  Main  house 
and  IndlTidual  cabins.  Certifled  city  water. 
Northern  cooking.   Rates  moderate.   Write 
■iia  Caacas  LCracker  ar  liia  liiT  LSaakanUi>«B.SX 


WI8COW8IH 


EilaiHslud  iml 


#     FatH  BmU  Raawl  aad  Saiteias  as  Uke 
r    Mick..  ■  lOIUcrt  part  Natoila  nm.  Baatlat 


AN  UBuaually  promising  business  on>o>^ 
tunity.  Traction  tread  ^sefament  to  weed 
automobile  tire  chains.  In  qiUrk  dsmawL 
Protected  by  broad  Mtanta  QWMM),  ^soed 
Norembor  ft,  IMS.  lin^ted  Btatee  u^Ca- 
nadian  aelllxe  organiaation  desired.  Address 
Linooln  C.  Cummlngs,  owner,  36  Dnice  St., 
Brookllne,  Msss. 

TO  sell  or  lesss  to  a  snoosaaful  tssdier, 
TSry  profltahle  pHrata 
I  West.  Bpiandid  oppor- 


oollege  graduate,  a  rary  profltahle  prirata 

school  In  the  Middle  West.  Bpiand/'' 

tunity.  Easy  terms.  «,«a«.  Outlook. 


HELP  WANTED 


Health  Resorts 


Wallace  Lodge 

Park  Hill-on-Hndion  (Yonkert) 

"  A  Home — not  a  Hotel  " 
Newly  furnished.  Modem.  Superb  Ubie. 
Bioms  with  private  baU^  from  »a.M  per  day, 
Swludbig  meals.  WeAly^  rates  on  appllM- 
Sm.  lKabhedbyNewrorkC«ntml,eleTatod, 
ioitay.  Telephone  Yonkera  vm. 


I  INDPNITke  I4asl  rises  isr  Skk 
H.f2  a  raesleteCetWed^^ 

Deyleatswa.  rs.  |j^  instXtution  dSTOted  to 
tlie  personal  study  snd  apedallaed  treats 
meutof  tlie taiTalid.  Maassgs,  Electricity, 
Hydrotherapy.     Apply  for  circular  to 

ROBSKT  LOTWOOTT  WAtTMB,  M.D. 

(late  o(  The  Walter  Sanitarium) 


Dr.  Reeves'  Sanitarium 

A  Private  Home  tor  chronic  oervoua.  and 
mental  patlenu.  A  laosldsrly  people  requiring 
Kre.  Harriet  g.  Reeves,  M.P..  Iftlrcse,  Maaa. 


Board   Wanted 


Wanted— By  Two  Ladies 

board  with  private  family  in  Charleston,  8.0. 
Addreas  Box  97,  Esst  Oreeuwlch,  R.  I. 


Companions  sad  Domeatlo  Helpers 

BUPEBINTBNDENT8,  seoretariea,  gov- 
emeeeea,matrona,dietltiana,  mothers'  heliwis, 
companions,  etc  Tlie  Wilton  Exchange,  Box 
270,  StTjoaeph,  Michigan. 

WANTED— Eiperleoced  nurse  or  mother's 
helper  to  take  care  <A  two  children,  agee  10 
months  and  SX  years.  Beat  wa«»a  sfvMi.  Ad- 
dreaa  Mn.  J.  Rulon  Miller,  Jr^TuoIaud  Park, 
Baltimore,  Md. 

WANTED  — Mothar'a  helper  or  nuraory 
govemeaa,  under  4U  years  preferred,  for  aev- 
eral  children.  In  country  W  milee  from  New 
York.  Personal  referonoea  and  taterrlow  re- 
quired. <,M6,  Oatk>ok. 

CONBOIBNTIO0B  young  woman  to  do 
simple  cooking  hi  Protestant  family  of  Uio 
aduTu  and  to  assist  bi  care  of  ysar^ldgirl. 
Other  maid  kept.  Attractive  home  in  Adlrop- 
dacks.  Address  Box  »«,  lake  Phwid  Club, 
Esssz  Co.,  N.  Y.,  giving  referenoee. 

HOUBBKBRPER  or  mother's  helper.  Ca- 
pable cook,  worker.  Or  young  woman,  fair 
cook,  quick  to  laam.  Farm,  modem  convenl- 
encee.  Mother's  helper  also  kept  tor  two 
little  girls.  State  salary,  partlcnlars.  Inter- 
view deailed.  Box  25,  Yardley,  Pa. 

WANTED-Mother's  helper  hi  the  country 
near  New  York.  6,419,  Outlook. 

Teachers  and  Oovernessas 

WANTED— Nursery  govwmesa  to  take  care 
of  girl  aged  eight  and  boy  aged  six.  Chlldroi 
attend  public  school  and  rsqnlre  little  m- 
Btraotion,'  but  need  some  one  who  Mui  govern 
them.  Home  on  outskirts  of  city  of  SikOOO  In 
central  New  York.  Woman  of  pleasant  per- 
sonality, tact,  and  experience  wanted.  Ao- 
drees  X.,  6,463,  Outlook,  sUting  reference, 
experience,  sge,  snd  aalary. 

WANTED— Oompetaut  teechers  for  ptiblle 
and  privatssclioola  and  colleges.  Sendlorbnl- 
letln.  Alhanv Teacliera*  Ageiioy.  Albany,  H.Y. 

INQUIRIES  already  oomhig  hi  tor  teachers 
In sllaubjeota tor  1919.  International  Musical 
and  Educational  Agency,  Carnegie  Hall,  N.  Y. 


Business  Situations 

CONGREGATIONAL  ministaT.  aaMdle- 
aged,  dsaliea  pcsitian  of  trust.  Beat  rafet^ 
mces.  6,470,  Outkwk. 

WANTED-PositJon^  asChr«*Bi  woskar 
or  desoonees  In  pwi^  (Bpiscopal)  or  oclv 
rallgloaswork.  6,MII^  Outlook. 

CHAUFFKnBS.— Munition  nlant  abeot  to 
relesss  six  women  chanffeois  wlio  have  ^vea 
Mtlafaotory  service.  Can  take  oommara^  « 
private  Msitlons.  Corrssiipodenoo  hwised- 
SfATROHB.- Munition  plsnt  deajrws  to 
ptahoe  women  who  have  given  exuvsiiaiai 
service  as  vreKare  matrons,  f  orewoEaaai.  «c. 
SOCIAL  WORKERS.  — Munitian  plaaitde- 
sirestoplaoe  capabls  women  in  sodal  sin  ■!« 
work.  Correspondence  invited.  6,467,  Ootlook. 

CULTIVATED  My,  formerly  Umrhrt. 
Ister  superintendent  small  institDfiaai.  wiabsa 
to  sssist  boarding-school  principal  or  to  man- 
age email  buslnsss  girls'  home.  (,40,  Outkuk. 

WOMEN  WORKERS  (ezecntiw,  aocial 
workers,  nuraes,  office  BtenoeravlkerB  astd 
clerks,  hooaekeepers,  etc.).  Whole  asd  pan 
time.  Referenoee  lnvestigated.CentrBl  Knuch 
Y.  W.  C.  A„  610  Lexiz«tan  Ave.,  New  York. 
Phua  10,100. 
Oomaanlonsaal  Domeatlo  Haleets 

WANTED,  by  lady  with  six  year  ohl  dnhL 
position  as  companion  aad  hoasekaeper  and 
care  of  children.  Beat  reteraseaa.  •.«£!. 
Outlook. 

A  young  American  wuiuau  deaiiea  i 
aa  trained  infant'a  i 


_  _  nurse.  Would  tl»T 
or  elsewhere.  6,462,  Ontlook. 

COMPETENT  aad  expettaooed  Taaag 
womsn  of  edocation  and  reflaemesit  duaUea 
position  as  oompauioa-sseretary  or  m 
housekeeper.  Would  consider  echool  i 
6,497,  Outlook. 

GRADUATE    nurse  wonid    Hka 

several  motherless  or  orphan  ohUdraa.  %,*i 
Outlook. 

GRADUATE  nuns  wanta  poaitiaci  aa  i 
compraioa;  willinKtosuparvaebr  "-- 
or  conssrvatory.  6,4M,  Outlook 

WOMAN  o<  middle  age,  cnltond. 
potent,  daalrea  poaitioe,  companioa  f  " 
mg  companion.  6,476,  Outlook. 

WOMAN  of  raflnemant  win  lake  ckaii* 
of  high  claaa  home.  Sympathetic  with  yeaag 
or  aged.  Kfaidergartan  training.  <,4TT,Oatloak 

Teachers  and  Oovor 
EZPERIBNCBD  teacher  deL  . 

work.  Baccward  chOdran  preferred. 
encea.  6,474.  Ontlook 


MISCELLANEOUS 

PATRIonSM  by  Lymaji  AUbott.  ^o  4 
verses  of  Amsriia-ttoPledgo  to  tbe  FJsg- 
]  veises  of  The  Btai^^tpangled  BaaMr.  all  tai  a 
little  leaflet,  yurther  Iha  oanae  o<  Patnoti^ 
by  distribntlui;  In  ^onr  Mtars^  pay  aavel; 


opea,  in  school 


iig  in  Ti 
tola,  eni 


inrchea,  dnfaa.  aaid  aecml 


gath'erimn.    2U0  sent  prepaid    fpi 
IrtliurHTMona.  Montolsb.  N.  J. 

MOTHERLB88  girl  under  tfx  (rami  the 
better  cisss  will  be  oared  tor  aa  luv  own  by  s 
former  klndergartner,  mother  oi  three  ban- 
grown  children,  at  her  country  hones  aw 
Fhiladeli^iia.  References  rvrhanKed.  «,4n. 
Outlook. 


A  Richer  luxury,  a  greater  com- 
fort has  been  added  to  the 
quiet  stately  dignity  of  this  charm- 
ing hostelry  through  remodelling 
and  new  furnishings  of  rare 
beauty. 

The  'Brunswick 

In  Copley  Square,  Boston 

Too  fioalon  HakU  nU  hy  a  tintk  IhouglU  SERVICE 

L.  C.  PRIOR,  President 

COMBINING  the  convenience 
of  nearness  to  the  best  shops, 
the  theatre  and  the  train  Is  found 
that  coi-rectness  in  appointment 
and  service  that  maltes  dining 
here  a  real  joy. 


.The  J^nox 

In  fashionable  Back  Bay,  Boston 


^^H^U 


OVABAMTEED  FINEST 

Indian  River  Oranges 
and  Grapefruit 

Fully  ripened  on  trees  and  then  shipped 
direct  to  you  in  quantities  to  suit  your  family 
needs.  Write  and  let  us  send  deuils. 

VICTORIA  CITRUS  GROVES   Ca 

Coooa.  Indian  Birer,  Flat. 

YOUR  WANTS 

in  every  line 

of  household,  educational,  business,  or  per- 
sonal service — domestic  workers,  teachers 
nurses,  business  or  professional  assistants, 
etc.,  etc.— whether  you  require  help  or  are 
seeking  a  situation,  may  be  filled  throufh  a 
little  announcement  in  the  CLASSIFIED 
COLUMNS  OF  THE  OUTLOOK.  li 
you  have  some  article  to  sell  or  exchai^r. 
these  columns  may  prove  of  real  value  lo 
you*as  they  have  to  many  others.  Send 
for.  descriptive  circular  .awi  .pr4?n,Waok 
AND    FILL  YOUR   WANTS.    Addrca 

Department  ol  CUsiified  Advertiiiai 

Digitizet   j„g   OUTLOOK 

381  Fonrth  Aveaoe  Ness  Task 


1918 


THE   OUTLOOK 


BY  THE  WAY 


6?eat  Britain  has  adopted  drastic  meaa- 
ores  to  provide  milk  for  ner  babies,  accord- 
ing to  J.  G.  Welliver  in  the  "  National 
Geographic  Magazine."  "  If  the  adult 
patron  of  a  public  eating-honse,"  he  says, 
"  buys  and  drinks  a  glass  of  milk  as  a  bev- 
erage, he  is  liable  to  a  fine  of  £5,  and  the 
proprietor  subjects  himself  to  a  like  pen- 
alty." Tlie  result  has  been  that  "  the  death 
rate  among  infants  under  five  years  old 
has  been  about  one-half  the  rate  in  pre-war 
times.  For  the  first  time  in  tiie  modem 
history  of  Britain  there  has  been  milk 
enongn  for  all  the  babies,  and  good  milk." 

At  a  coming  exhibition  of  war  art  in 
Paris  one  of  the  features  will  be  Jonas's 
portrait  of  Marshal  Foch,  wliich  was 
painted,  it  is  said,  under  peculiar  condi- 
tions. The  artist  asked  the  Marshal  for  a 
sitting  at  headquarters.  "I  cannot  give 
yon  a  real  sitting,"  Marshal  Foch  is  re- 
ported  to  have  replied, "  but  if  yon  can 
sketch  while  I  work  I  will  move  as  little 
as  possible."  The  artist  promptly  went  to 
work  and  made  a  series  of  sketches  which 
he  later  used  in  painting  a  striking  portrait. 

In  a  recent  auction  sale  of  books  in  New 
York  City  attention  was  called  to  a  reprint 
copy  of  Joha  Pope's  "  Tour  of  the  South- 
ern and  Western  Territories  of  the  United 
States,"  published  in  1792.  Of  the  original 
book  only  two  copies  are  known  to  exist 
It  abounds  in  quaint  observations,  one  of 
which  describes  the  author's  ascent  of  the 
Alleehany  Mountains  in  company  wiUi  a 
vraywrer  "  who  always  took  a  morning 
<lrink  of  Gro^  from  a.  Road-side  Spring. 
The  spread  of  prohibition  a  century  after 
this  book  was  written  makes  it  seem  likely 
that  this  kind  of  grog  will  soon  be  the  only 
tipple  of  the  region  described. 

The  word  "  grog,"  it  may  be  worth  while 
to  recall,  became  current  some  years  before 
the  publication  of  the  book  above  named, 
though  only  one  instance  of  its  use  prior  to 
1794  is  given  in  the  Oxford  English  Dic- 
tionary. Strangely  enough,  grog,  which  is 
now  used  as  a  rather  opprobrious  name  for 
strong  drink,  was  originally  a  diluted  bev- 
erage for  the  sailors  of  tne  British  navy, 
wlio  had  before  received  a  ration  of  "  neat 
spirit"  It  was  named  after  Admiral  Ver- 
non, who  introduced  the  innovation  in  1740, 
and  who  wore  a  peculiar  grognxa  cloak. 
If  the  ration  was  much  diluted,  it-  was 
called  by  the  seamen,  in  contempt,  "  seven- 
water  grog." 

"  Bolls  "  are  not  confined  to  Irbhmen, 
remarks  the  London  "  Sphere,"  and  it  cites 
these  examples  of  English  bulls :  A  mem- 
ber of  Parliament  implored  the  House  not 
to  take  a  "  white  elepnant  under  its  wing ;" 
another  complained  that  "  the  gentlemen 
aUting  ovpotite  are  conspicuous  by  their 
absence ;"  a  third  remarked  that "  the  Home 
Secretary  shakes  his  head,  and  I  am  sorry 
to  hear  it ;"  Sir  Richard  Cross  declared 
that  he  "  heard  a  smile ;"  another  baronet 
aaid, "  Now,  sir,  that  we  have  cleared  all  the 
barbed-wire  fences,  it  is  to  be  hoped  that 
we  are  in  smooth  water  at  last"  A  Welsh 
member  remarked,  "  We  are  only  fol- 
lowing in  the  footst^M  of  those  who  are 
eoming  after  as." 

Here  is  a  note  that  may  have  escaped 
the  orthoepists'  attention.  It  is  found  m  a 
recent  book,  "  Historic  Shnnes  of  Amer- 
ica,' in  its  account  of  <*  The  Hermitage," 
General  Andrew  Jackson's  home  at  Nash- 
ville, Tennessee  :   "  Greneral  Jackson,  to- 


ward the  end  of  his  life,  spent  most  of  his 
leisure  time  in  reading  tne  Bible,  Bible 
commentaries,  and  the  hynm-book,  which 
last  he  always  pronounced  in  the  old- 
fashioned  way,  Atme-book." 

Among  the  most  g^raoeful  compliments 
recordea  in  the  byways  of  literature  may 
be  mentioned  these :  That  of  Leslie  Stephen, 
as  a  boy,  to  his  mother,  who  had  asked  him 
concerning  his  somewhat  bearish  father, 
"  Did  your  father  ever  do  anything  just 
because  it  was  pleasant  ?"  "  Yes,  iuother," 
responded  the  gallant  young  cavalier — 
"  once — when  he  married  you."  That  of 
Joseph  Choate,  when  asked  whom  he  would 
choose  to  be  if  not  himself,  "  Mrs.  Choate's 
second  husband."  That  of  Philip  IV  of 
Spain,  himself  a  painter,  tendered  to  a 
greater  artist,  Velasquez.  When  Velasquez 
had  finished  his  famous  picture  "  Las  Me- 
ninas,"  which  includes  not  only  Philip  and 
his  Qneen,  but  the  artist  himself,  brush  in 
hand,  he  asked  the  Eang,  "Is  anything 
wanting  ?"  "  One  thing  only,"  aaswered 
Philip;  and  tehiii{i;  Ifae  palette  from  Velas- 
quez's hands,  he  {wtinted  on  the  breast  of 
the  artist's  figure  in  the  picture  the  Cross 
of  the  Order  of  Santiago,  the  most  distin- 
guished in  Spain. 

In  contrast  with  the  above  a  list  of  mal- 
apropos remarks  could  easily  be  made. 
High  on  this  list  might  be  placed  tiie  awk- 
ward greeting  of  a  backwoods  Congress- 
man to  Miss  Rose  Cleveland,  mistress  of 
the  White  House  during  part  of  President 
Cleveland's  first  term.  "You  hail  from 
Buffalo,  I  believe,"  was  the  politician's 
opening  effort  at  conversation.  The  oppor- 
tunity for  a  neat  retort  was  irresistiole : 
"  Yes,  but  we  reign  here."  Another  story 
of  the  malapropos  word  in  season  is  the 
somewhat  lugubrious  one  of  the  lynching 
party  of  Forty-niners  who  had  martyrized 
the  wrong  man  and  then  sent  a  deputation 
to  explain  the  mistake  to  the  widow.  "  Yes," 
said  the  leader,  "  we  made  a  bad  mistake 
in  lynching  your  John,  and  you've  sure  got 
th^  laugh  on  us  !"  Li  Hung  Chang's  intro- 
ductory salutation  to  the  Mayor  of  New 
York  might  be  included :  "  How  old  are 
yoa?  How  much  money  have  you  got?" 

Speaking  of  doubtful  compliments,  a  sub- 
scriber writes :  "  I  wish  to  otter  the  follow- 
ing as  one  of  the  best  examples  I  have 
ever  seen.  An  accomplished  musician  was 
invited  by  a  friend  to  a  church  service  in 
order  to  hear  the  chorus  choir  render  a 
special  selection.  The  friend,  highly  pleased 
with  the  rendition,  was  awaiting  with  much 
interest  her  companion's  verdict  It  came 
thus,  in  a  whisper :  '  They  sit  well.' " 

"Now  that  Dr.  Davis  has  finished  his 
revelations,"  says  Nate  Saulsbury,  as 
reported  by  the  Chicago  "  Evening  Post," 
"  the  Kaiser  may  realize  how  sharper  than 
an  ulcerated  tooth  it  is  to  have  a  tnankless 
dentist  We  should  like  to  have  held  the 
doctor's  job  and,  when  it  appeared  necessary 
to  draw  the  Kaiserlische  molar,  warbled  as 
we  closed  down  on  the  forceps, '  The  yanks 
are  coming,  the  yanks  are  coming  !'  " 

One  of  the  Fifth  Avenue  stores  that 
make  one  realize  that  the  best  things  of 
the  world  find  their  way  to  New  York  Citf 
contains  a  Persian  royal  tapestry  that  is 
said  to  have  reauired  for  its  making  the 
work  of  one  hunared  women  for  ten  years. 
It  is  fourteen  feet  nquare,  is  valued  at 
S100,000,  and  looks  like  one  of  ^e  finest 
of  those  camel^-hair  shawls  t^t  were  the 
delight  of  our  grandmothers. 


683 

Send 
Letters ! 

TTHE  boys  are  still 
•■•  3000  miles  away, 
and  most  of  them  will 
be  there  for  some  time 
to  come. 

Now  that  the  active 
fighting  is  over  and  all 
their  litde  discomforts 
are  magnified,  they  are 
hankering  for  home ! 

So  give  *em  all  the  news 
there  is ;  make  it  personal, 
and  season  it  with  sentiment. 

Lay  it  on  a  little  thick — it'll 
sound  good  over  there. 

Don't  let  them  come  back 
and  say,  **  Why  didn't 
you  write?'* 

Write  every  man  you  know 
— ^keep  writing  even  if  the 
letters  follow  them   home. 

DURAND 

STEEL  LOCKER  CO. 

1573  Ft  DHrbon  Bk.  BMf .  '  973  VswIsbUt  BMf. 
ChicaKO  New  York 

REUGIOUS  UNITY 

Belief!  of  VBricnia  denominationa  oatlined  Bnthorv 
tatively.  10  cents  ;  or  free  to  anyone  who  will  fill 
oat  the  qoeationDaire  therewith.  The  Arbitmtor, 
pablished  throogh  the  Free  Religious  Aasooiation, 
P.  O.  Box  43.  WaU  St.  Station,  New  York  City. 

STANDARD     HYMN  ^ 
AND  ^fc 

PIRITUAL      SONC^ 

A  combination  never  befora  mukM.  Board  Uc.  Cloth  We. 

Writa  for  exanunatioa  oopr. 
The  BiKlownnd  Mnin  Co..  New  York-Chlcairo 


$7.00 
by  mail, 


MmdBomt 

of  thick  ftwrmd 

black  Dog  Skin 

Abore  oarttaa  Unlntii  of  Uttia  kmb  aklna.  Prioa  wttb 
mohair  flaaee  Unlngi  tBJSO.  For  oomfort,  appaannoa 
and  donblUty  yon  cannot  And  tbair  aqnal  for  the  price. 
Onr  ninatiatad  oatalog  glTaa  maainra  diraotlooa  and  a 
whole  lot  of  other  faiformatian  abont  otutcm  tanntof 
of  hidaa  and  aklna  with  hair  or  tor  on ;  ooet,  roba 
and  nic  makmf ;  luldarmjr  and  head  moontlat ;  ako 
prioaaolftirioodaandblgmaontad  (am*  bandawa  aaD. 

THB  caesaY  fmsmm  pub  courANY. 

""       >  >     «o«heater.  N.  Y. 


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Do  i/ou  think  there  is 
no  competition? 


if  anyone  thinks  there  is  no  com- 
petition amongst  the  big  packers 
he  ought  to  go  through  a  day's 
work  with  Swift  &  Company. 

Let  him  begin  at  the  pens  when 
the  live  stock  comes  in ;  let  him  try 
to  buy  a  nice  bunch  of  fat  steers 
quietly  and  at  his  own  price,  with- 
out somebody's  bidding  against 
him. 

Let  him  realize  the  scrupulous 
care  taken  at  the  plant  that  not  one 
thing  is  lost  or  wasted  in  order  that 
oosts  may  be  held  to  a  minimum. 

Let  him  go  up  into  the  office 
where  market  reports  are  coming 
in  —  and  reports  of  what  other 
concerns  are  doing. 

Let  him  watch  the  director  of  the 
Swift  refrigerator  fleet,  maneu- 
vering it  over  the  face  of  the  coun- 


try like  a  fleet  of  battleships  at  sea. 

Let  him  take  a  trip  with  a  Swift 
&  Company  salesman  and  try  to 
sell  a  few  orders  of  meat. 

Let  him  stay  at  a  branch  house 
for  an  hour  or  two  and  see  the  re- 
tail meat  dealers  drive  their  bar- 
gains to  the  last  penny  as  they  shop 
around  among  the  packers'  branch 
houses,  the  wholesale  dealers,  and 
the  local  packing  plants. 

And  then,  when  the  day  is  over, 
let  him  have  half  an  hour  in  the 
accounting  department  where  he 
can  see  for  himself  on  what  small 
profits  the  business  is  done.  (Less 
than  4  cents  on  each  dollar  of 
sales.) 

If  he  still  thinks  there  is  no  com- 
petition in  the  meat  business  it  will 
be  because  he  wants  to  think  so. 


Swift  &  Company,  U.  S.  A. 

A  nation-wide  organization  owned  by  more  than  23,000  stockholders 


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INDEX  TO  VOLUME  120  OF  THE  OUTLOOK 

SEPTEMBER   4  TO   DECEMBER  25,  1918   (FOUR   MONTHS) 


BDnORIAI.:  TAM 

Abbott,  Lymu,  B>«-Rdlef  of 214 

Aoquwaceooe,  The  Adventuraof 124 

Aduu,  Henry,  Tbe  Edaotion  o( 638 

Afitca,  Oermuij't  Brutality  In 118 

Afriou  MiMionuy  AUiwce,  An 44 

Agiicalture.  Report  of  SeoreCaiy  of 612 

Abplue  BauxU,  The 10 

AUegiance,  A  Judicial  Definition  of 88 

AUiee'  Rawuroat,  Pooling  the 1C2 

Ally  or"A«»ci»te"? 678 

America  an  Ally,  bf 449 

'    AmericanBoara,  The,  and  Japan WS 

Amerifaniilng  Leagaes,  Three 44 

Americans  Conplimented  ^  the  French 486 

American  Soldier'*  Fiber,  Tbe 407 

Anarchy  at  a  Diaooont  in  America 483 

Aniafdd.  Boria,  Roiudan  Painter 483 

Armenia:  Oermany'a  Ouflt 490 

Armenian  Oirla,  Help  the CSS 

Aitand  the  War,  SS;  andtheBohools 6M 

AntomobUes,  Oiaue  of ,  on  Sunday 39 

Baby- Weighing  Campaign,  The 84 

Baker'sfSecretary)  Report 611 

Balkan  Qneation,  The :  Montenegro's  Aspirations. . .  489 

Beer,  The  Banishing  of 81 

Belgian  ProtestanU 617 

Bdginm  and  Alau»-Lonaine,  Tile  Redemption  of . . .  617 

Berlin  and  the  Unconditional  Surrender  Club 338 

Bible,  The,  hi  China 8 

BniotFara,  A,  for  War  Tlmea. 10 

Block  Parties 240 

"  Bone  Dry  Amendment  "  Passed  by  the  Senate —  39 

Booth,  Sdwfai,  Statue  of,  in  Kew  York  City 483 

Booie  or  Coal— Which  ? 334 

Bowling  Oreen  Association,  The 42 

Bqya  Come  Marching  Home,  When  Our 626 

BrasOian  and  Argentine  Wardships,  Visit  of 7 

British  Educational  Commission,  The 337 

British  Elections,  The C49 

British  Empire,  Federalising  the 614 

British  Parliament,  Women  Members  in  the 446 

Brooklyn  Street  RaUway  Disaster,  The 400 

Cafeteria's  War-Time  BUI  of  Ekr«,  A 10 

California,  Primariea  fai 41 

Camp  Diz,"BarTest  Luncheon  "at 206 

Canada,  Mennonites  and  Dukbobors  in Z60 

Canning  in  New  York  State 10 

Canada's  Victoty  lioan 614 

Capper,  Arthur,  Beuator  from  Kansas 443 

Cartoons  of  the  Week    9,  43,  83, 110, 161,  206,  245,  281, 
332,  401,  445,  486,  621,  673,  615,  653 

Census  Bm,  The SM,  400 

Chapman  Case,  The 672 

Chemical  Industries,  Nationsl  Ezpodtion  of,  at  New 

York  City 206 

ChOd  Labor,  A  New  Campaign  Agafaist 618 

CUM  Ubor  BUI.  The  Keattaig 39,331 

China  Church  Union  in 337 

China,  The  Bible  In 8 

Christmas.  1918 66S 

"  Chugless  Sunday  " 89 

Church  Union  Service,  A  Notable 661 

Cirfl  Service,  Another  Step  Backward 334,400 

Colleges,  A  Legacy  of  the  War  to  Our 46 

CoUsges,  The,  and  the  War 48 

CoDgirass  Ends  and  Begtais 618 

Coogresamen,  What  We  Expect  of  the  New 403 

Congressmen,  Wrong  and  Right  Voting  of 8 

Crippled  Man,  The,  and  thePnbUc 484 

Cummt  Events  Dlnstiated.  23,  61,  97, 133, 175,  221,  269 
29C,  357,  410,461,  499,  691,  633,  669 

Daniels's^Secretaiy)  Report 611 

Davenport,  F.M., Sleeted  to  New  York  Senate 444 

Davis,  John  W.,  Ambassador  to  England 168 

Dead,  The  Vote  of  the  (hi  France) 486 

Death  Sentence,  The 672 

Democratic  COQgresn,  Shall  We  Have  a  ? 282 

Denmark's  Denuind  for  Sclileswig 399 

Department  Reports,  The  Government 611-613 

Devil,  The,  and  the  Deep  Sea 86 

Divide,  The  Great 408 

Draft  Ages,  The  New 6 

Drug  Habit  in  Chbu  and  America 674 

Dniutb,  Minnesota,  Forest  Fire 278 

Eating  Places.  Public,  Food  Conservation  hi 336 

Economic  Associstian,  Proposed  Allied 242 

Economic Oeneialiaaimo,  An? 242 

Edge,  Walter  E.,  Senator  from  New  Jersey 443 

Electkna.The , '^48,331,397 

Elections.  Woman  and  the 444 

England,  Oardenlng  In 337 

Eremlte,<nie  Happy  ; 

Boy  bi  the  Bassinet.  The 28S 

Broadway  on  a  Hot  Night 87 

Eremite,  The,  Walks  to  Church 1 26 

.  Furnace,  The 667 

Geomphv  and  the  Contented  Heart,  Concerning.  249 

Coldenrod 47 

Bk!kofiesatDawn 449 

Bop  in  the  Blue  Ether,  A 627 

Xady   Erenita,   The,   Holds   Forth    Coiicvming 

Babies. 578 

VorribdlHin  Celebrates  Peace 488 

PnpU  Reports,  The 210 

ficianoe  and  the  Heel  of  the  Junker,  Cuiicniiiig. .  310 

Bophonisba  and  the  Practical  Life,  Coiiopmmg....  404 

lugle  of  Common  Green  Leaves.  A 166 

Xaphnags  Act,  The  Red  Cross  Viudioated  Under  the.  8 

Farlay.  Cardinal J58 

f  adanl  luqiection  of  Bzploaivea 400 


EDrroxiAL. — Continued,  paos 

Foodstuffs,  The  Conservation  of 334 

Ford,  Henry,  Senatorial  Candidate  in  Ml^igan  Pri- 
maries    41 

Forest  Fires  in  Minnesota  and 'Wisconsin 278 

Fourth  Liberty  Loan,  The 201 

Freedom  of  the  Seas 487,491 

Free  Verse,  A  Little  Sermon  on 610 

FrenchFarmer,  fiiactmentof  aLawtoAld  the....  280 

French  "Invadon"  of  America.. 616 

Friends,  The,  of  Our  Friends. 406 

Frost,  C.  C 676 

Fraita  and  Vegetable*,  The  DtTtaig'of 279 

Garden,  A  Bachelor's 42 

Gaidening  in  ^gland 337 

Oarman  Naval  Fleet,  Surrender  of  the 617 

German  Saa  Blunder* 617 

Germany  and  the  Prealdent,  The  Correspmidence 

between 327 

Germany  hiTianattion 482 

Germany,  Justice  to ?83 

Germany's  Brutality  In  Af  ilea 118 

Germany's  Effort  to  Escape  Defeat 241 

Germany,  ShaU  We  Punidt  f 402 

Oennany's  Menace  from  Within 441 

Germany,  The  Political  Pnixle  in 670 

Germany  to  the  Bar 656 

"  Germany,  Why  Not  Compromise  With  ?" 123' 

Glass,  Carter 613 

Oovenuuent-Railroad  Ccmtiact,  The. ; 81,660 

Greenville's  (S.  C.)  lAbor  Day  Celebration. .- 123 

Hall's  (Captabi  J.  N.)  Ezperlenoe  as  Germany's 

Prisoner 400 

Hart,  Prof.  A.B.,  not  a  Pro-German 614 

BawaU.Dry,  ICO;  Ftogressof 617 

Holland's  Position  in  the  War 86 

Hoover,  H.  C,  on  the  Way  to  Attain  Victory 169 

Bngbe*  Report  on  Airplane*,  The 463 

Industrial  Inlustica ;  Five  Bamedies 617 

Influenia  Epidemic,  The 279, 336 

Infiuensa,  Spanish,  Rule*  to  Prevent  the  Spread  of..  207 

Ireland,  Archbishop  Jolui 209 

Irish,  The— What  They  Wish 11 

Japan  and  the  American  Board.. 652 

Janm,  A  Tumfaig-Potait  in 244 

Johnson,  Hiiam,  and  Russia 6S0 

Kei-Hara,  Japanese  Premier 244 

Kilmer,  Joyce,  The  Poems  of 12 

Kindergartens,  More,  a  Necessity 680 

Khig,  Horatio  C 484 

lAbor  Day  Celebmtions 41 

Labor  Btnkea,  Lockonts,  and  the  War 122 

lAtayette  Day,  The  Lesson  of 86 

Lafayette  National  Park 279 

lAue's  (Sacretaiy)  Report,  613;  Plan  for  Indian 

Land* 664 

League  of  Nations,  The 676,616 

League  to  Enforce  Peace.  The 624 

Lenma  and  Trotaky  Paid  German  Agents 118 

Leupp,  F.  E 619 

Liberated  Nations,  The 620 

Liberty  Loan,  Tlie,  and  Liberty  of  Discussion 339 

Liberty  Loon,  The  Fourth 278,329,399 

"  Liberty  Bhig,"PbiladelpUia  and  the 13 

Lkiuor  usne,Tlie 443 

Lodge,  Senator,  on  Peace  Tanas 6 

Lusftania  Test,  The 162 

Lusitania,  The,  Anfai 6 

Lnthenn  Union,  The 337 

McAdoo's  (Sacretaiy)  Report,  612 ;  Retirement..  62?,  614 

McCormiok.  MediU.  Senator  from  DUnois 443 

.  "  Made  in  Germany  "lUiooed 206 

Man  Power  BUI,  Ae 39 

Map  of  the  New  Western  Front 121 

Marshall's  (Vice-President)  Apology 242 

Maanchusetts,  The  Next  Governor  of 679 

Memorial,  Propoeed,  to  Americans  in  War  Previous 

to  April,  1917 620 

Mennonitesand  Dnkbobors,  How  Canada  Deals  with  160 

Merchant  Marine  Training  School* 486 

Mexkio,011m 246 

Michigan,  Primaries  fai 41 

Modesty,  Preach  (as  to  American  Deeda  in  War).  450, 621 

Montana,  Primariea  in 41 

Montenx,  Pierre,  Conductor  of  Boston  Symphony 

Orchestra 206 

Mooney  Cose,  The 672 

Morgan,  N.  J.,  Explosion  in  Munition  Works  at 243 

Morganthau'B(Ambaaaador)  Story 622 

Motono,  Viacount 168 

Mott,  John  R.,  to  Direct  United  War  Relief  Cam- 
paign   123 

Museums  and  the  Industrial  Arts 159 

Music  Festival  at  Pittsfield,  Mass 206 

National    Municipal    League,  Reconstruction    Pro- 
gramme of  the 668 

National  Security  League's  Work  for  Patriotism  in 

Education 280 

Nation,  Tlie,  at  School 448 

Navy,  Admiral  Badger's  Proposed  Plan  for 649 

Negroes,  Improving  Urban  Conditions  among 207 

Ndson,  Kiiut^,  Senator  from  Miimeaota 443,483 

Newberry.  Truman  H.,  Senator  from  Michigan 443 

New  York  City : 

Chemical  Industries,  National  Exposition  of 206 

Metropolitan  Museum,  Department  of  American 

Industrial  Art  at 100 

SUcker  Raid 82 

New  York,  Primary  Pay  in 84 

Nitrate  Out  of  the  Air „ 159 

Opium  Habit,  The 674 


BuTOBuii. — Continued.  tAOB 

Outlook,  The,  Delayed  by  a  Strike SZ7 

Page,  W.  H.,  Ambassador,  Redgnatkm  of 41 

Patriot  and  Priest  (Archbishop  Iidand) 209 

Peace,  A  Just 46 

Peace  and  the  Collapse  of  Autooimcy 447 

Peace  Negotiatkms,  The  President's 208,382,629 

Pasce,  Some  Duties  of 446 

FhOadelphia and  the  "Liberty Shw" 13 

Fittsfleld,  Mass.,  Chamber  Mu^  Festival  at. 206 

Polish  Question,  The 620 

FoU  of  the  Press,  A: 

Wilson,  President,  at  the  Peaoa  OoDteianee. 629 

Postmoster-Ganeral,  Report  of 612 

Praaidant's  European  VLdt,  The.. .  487, 622,  629,  676, 649 

President,  The,  Re-enters  PoUtka 338 

PresUent,  The,  the  Cabinet,  Bnieaueiagy,  and  tha 

Country oiit 

Press  Feeders' Strike  hi  New  Toik  City,  The S27 

Primaries,  Some  State 41 

Fn>.German  Activities  Investigated 614 

Prostitution :  Suppression  vs.  Regulatloi 616 

Public  Industries,  Propoeed  Plans  for  the  Future 

Control  of 242 

Babond,  Henri,  Permanent  Conductor  td  the  Boston 

Symphony  Orchestra 336 

Rachmaninoff,  S.  v.,  Russian  Composer 662 

Railways,  American,  in  France 621 

Railways,  Government  Ownership  o(. 484,  660 

Red  Cross,  The  War  Work  of  the S29 

"Reds" 396 

Beglstntkm  of  Thirteen  Million  Man 122 

Romance,  The,  in  Ruts 86 

Eooaevelt's  (Mr.)  Disposal  of  Hi*  Nobel  Pmee  Prtaa.  7 

Boatand,  Edmond 672 

Russia,  Conditions  in 40 

Russia,  Hiram  Johnson  on 660 

Russia.  Our  Opportunity  in 482,624 

"Russia,  What  ShoU  We  Do  With  7" 33? 

Russia— Will  She  be  a  Thorn  fai  Germany's  Sklef...  40 

Russtau  Composer,  A  Distinguished 662 

Sage's  (Mrs.  Russell)  Diqioaa  of  Her  Fortune 444 

"8.  A.  T.  C.."The 261 

School,  Tlie  DemociBcy  of  a  Private 46 

Sculpture,  Some  Recent 214 

Senate,  New  Hen  fai  the 443 

Serbia,  Agriculture  in 622 

Shanghai  Volunteer  Corps,  ^la 42 

Ship-Building.  A  World  Record  in 208 

•Shipyards,  The  Old-Tfane  New  Engioud 42 

Siberian  Issue,  The 244 

Sbcker.  The,  and'the  Careless  Man 82 

Smith,  J.  P.,  President  of  Mormon  Church 619 

Soldiers,  The  Return  Home  of  the 6T0 

Soldier.  Teoclung  the 630 

Spencer,  Seldan,  Senator  from  Missouri 443 

Spoils  System  Agatai,  The 334,400 

Stefanason  on  the  Food  of  tha  Arctic 481 

Strike,  The  Outlook  Delayed  by  a 327 

Student-Soldier,  The 82 

Surrender — Not  Promised  but  Actusl 247 

Surrender,  On  tlie  Eve  of  the  Great.  E.  H.  A 659 

Tkl  BOl,  The  Revenue 330,444 

Tieruan,  "  Mike  " 481 

Treasury,  The  New  Saorataiy  of  the 613 

Trees,  Memorial 620 

Turkey,  Asiatic,  Reconstruction  in 676 

United  War  Work  Campaign,  The 399 

Vandal  of  Europe,  Tha 163 

VanHiae,  C.  R 618 

Verse,  Eight  Books  of  Contemporary 341 

Walsh,  David  I.,  Senator  from  Massachusetts. 443 

War  Camp  Community  Service,  The 280 

War,  How  to  End  the 159 

War  Relief ,  A  United  Effort  for 123 

War,  The : 

Allies,  The  Advance  of  the 335 

Armistice,  The 441 

Austria-Hungary,  Surrender  of 398 

Austrian  Peace  Note,  The 117 

Austro-Hungarian  Empire,  Events  in  the 328 

Belgium,  German  Peace  Offer  an  Insult  to. 117 

Bulgaria,  Tlie  CoUapaa  of , 201 

Damaacu*,  The  Occupation  of 213 

Eaperey,  d'.  General,  Victor  of  the  Balkan* 244 

Europe,  Feedfaig 481 

Foeh'sBattla 6 

Gahuand  Indlcatkmaof  Vkitory 243 

German*,  Retreatof  the 'iT7 

Oermanyand  the  Allies' Term* 397 

Germany,  Feedhig 481 

Oermany'a  Lack  of  Good  Faith 328 

Germany'*  Words  vs.  Deeda  :  A  Deadly  Parallel. .  328 

Bun,  Hammering  the 6,277 

Lellister,  Torpedoing  of  the 277 

Offensive,  The  Allies' 82 

Otianto,  The  Sbiking  of  the 277 

Palestbia,  The  Vtet<ny  hi 167 

Paimllel,   A    Deadly :    Germany's   Words    versus 

Deeds 328 

Peace,  Preparing  for 481 

Peace,  Victorious 441 

Russia,  Gauu  fai 84 

Russia,  Terrorism  in 157 

St.  Mlhiel,  The  American  Victorj- at 120 

Serbian  Froiit,  The  Victory  ou  the 157 

Surrender,  On  the  Kve  of  the  Great.   E.  II.  A.  ..  MO 

Turkey.  The  Surrender  of 3!I8 

Victory,  Conthiued 398 

Victories,  A  Week  of 40 

Western  Front,  Victory  «u  the 203 


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THE    OUTLOOK 


EDrrouu. — ConHnued,  FAOX 

WuhiiififtoD,  Army  and  NaTjrOfBoe  Banding  at.....  2M 

What  is  There  to  Be  Afraid  of  ? 284 

Wilfloo,  rreaident : 

European  Viait 487,  622,  629,  676,  C49 

HoDOra  Conferred  on 33G 

Meeaage,  Annual,  to  Coiiicreaa 060 

Re-enters  Politic* 338 

Woman  Suffrage 203 

Women  and  the  Elections 444,  G49 

Women  Members  in  the  British  Parliament 446 

Women  of  England,  Praise  for  the 8 

Women 'a  Party  fai  Kugland,  Platform  of  the 8 

Wood's  (General  Leonard)  Letter  to  Soldiers  at 

Home S72 

Worry,  In  Defense  of 666 

T.  H.  C.  A.,  The,  ReinterpreU  BaligiOD 247 

CONTRIBUTED  ARTICLES : 

Airplane  Myth,  The,  and  the  War..  .L.  I*  T.  Driggs  36S 

"Air,  SometUngfai  the" W.  L.  Stidger  696 

iRL.  A.,  What  Has  Been  Done  by  the 318 

American  Soldiers  in  Fiance,  Vacations  de  Luxe  for. 

J.  H.  Odell  14 

America  Safe  for  Autocracy,  Making L.  F.  A.  349 

Army  Chaplains,  Training H.  K.  Fulton  167 

Anny,  Our,  in  Fiance,  Wliat  Ton  Want  to  Know 

About J.  H.  Odell  128 

Art,  Romance,  and  War J.  H.  Odell  93 

Austria  and  the  Ballcan  Nations,  What  Shall  be  Done 

with? 170 

Balkan  Question,  The 348 

Belgium,  A  Quiet  Town  bi Charlotte  Kellogg  423 

Bluejacket,  The  American L.  R.  Freeman  689 

"Boche,  Nothing  but  a  " W.  L.  BUdger  140 

Bolshevism  and  Applied  Anti-Bolshevism. 

Theodore  Roosevelt  92 
Book  for  Every  Man  Over  There,  Wanted— A. 

H.  H.  Moore  250 
Books,  What  They  Are  Doing  to  Americanize  Boldiera 

of  Many  Races O.  F.  WorU  186 

■■  Bread.  Meat,  and  Brotherhood  " F.  L.  Waldo  213 

British  General  Election,  The  Coining.  Frank  DUnot  492 

"Bun,"  About C.  K.  Taylor  644 

California  in  the  School  of  War... Cardhul  Goodwin  102 

Canary,  The  Tm C .  K.  Tsylor  278 

Chiiteau  Thierry,  The  Battle  of,  and  Beyond. 

J.  H.  Oden  61 

Chautauqiui  bi  the  War L.  P.  Powell  103 

Children's  Reading Sidonie  M.  Oruenberg  662 

Cbristiiias,  An  American,  in  Many  Tongues. 

Julia  8.  Leayciaft  666 

Coal  Conservation  Bin,  FDlblg  the 371 

Conunisaiuuer  of  Internal  Revenue,  Tlie,  as  a  Police-  , 

man T.  H.  Price  and  Ricliard  SpUlane  498 

Conscientious  Objectors — and  Others. 

Francis  Lynde  218 
Dwnroach,  Walter,  on  Music  at  the  Front. 

Gabrtelle  EUiot  286 

Democratic  Congress,  Why  We  Need  a.  Ciuunp  Clark  289 

Education  for  Citizenahip P.  L.  Ellerbe  64 

England,  Home  to Gregory  Mason  220 

Enright,  Police  Commissioner  R.  E.,  An  Interview 

with H.H.Moore  126 

"  Europe's  Fateful  Hour  " Lyman  Abbott  26 

Fog  Hounds,  Out  with  the Gregory  Mason  412 

Food,  IsTherean  Abundaneeof  ? L.  E.  Theias  424 

Freedom,  A  New  Birth  of Ellas  Lieberman  4°27 

French  Imagination,  A  Triumph  of. . .  .W.  E.  Brooks  106 
French  Vill^,  A,  as  Been  by  an  American  Soldier. 

An  American  Soldier  424 

Oaa,ShellBhock.  and  Souls W.  L.  Stidger  226 

Germans,  The,  Wliy  Tliey  Have  Deemed  Tlienuelves 

Superior Joseph  Jastrow  466 

German  Will  to  Win,  Smashing  the D.  T.  Curtin  Vi7 

"  Getting Togctlier."  L.  R.  Freeman  : 

What  tiie  American  Bluejacket  Thinks  of  Britain 

and  the  British 689 

Oovemmeiit,  Tlie.  as  a  Railway  Manager.  T.  H .  Price  : 

Humanizing  the  Science  of  Railroading 19 

HaU,  James  Norman F.  B.Skeeie  183 

History,  Current  Weekly  Outline  Study  of — J.  M. 

Gathany.  30,  G6, 106, 142,  182,  228.  266,  301,  374,  426, 
470,  506,  546,  598,  640,  676 

History,  Tying,  to  Life J.  M.  Gathany  68 

Home,  All  tlie  Comforts  of Francis  Lynde  95 

Hyphenism,  One  Way  to  Cure W.  K.  Brooks  6.'52 

Independence,  A  New  Declaration  of.H.  F.Sherwood  406 
Indian,  a  Notable,  The  Career  of  (Sosondowa). 

Mabel  Powers  302 

Instance,  A  Classic Henry  van  Dyke  4U9 

Immortality  and  a  Personal  God. 

An  American  Soldier  3li6 

Inside  the  Bar Gregory  Mason  364 

Job,  How  Uie  Law  Refined  His C.  H.  IbershoU  267 

Knoll  Papers.  Lyman  Abbott : 

Coming,  His,  wliat  Is  tlie  Promise  of  ? 682 

Community  Clmrch.Tlie 206 

Texts  and  Themes  for  tiie  Times 174 

Laughter  in  tiie  War W.  L.  Stidger  264 

Maimed.  Malting  the.  Whole  : 

"  I'sef  id  as  Other  Men  Are  " lAcy  Simnis  54 

IMutilati F.  H.Potter  66 

"Tlie  World  a  Very  Cheerful  Place  "...J.  J.  Wilson  66 

Medical  Corjis,  Our,  in  Action H.  W.  Boynton  141 

"  Muie  Luck-Piece  " Elsie  Singmaster  465 

Homing  Watch,  The W.  L.  Stidger  638 

Music  at  the  Front.   Interview  with  Walter  Dam- 

rosch Oabrielle  Elliot  280 

Nation,  What  is  a? Ricluud  Boardmou  583 

Negro  Citizens.  Tile  Patriotism  of  the  : 

I— Fifty  Thousand  and  Fifty  MUlioil.R.  R.  Moton  451 

11 — How  the    Southern  Negro  is  Supporting  the 

Government Kate  M.  Herring  452 

Night  Patrol,  On H.  B.  Bestou  172 

Peace  and  Paternalism Wm.  Maxwell  6CJ 


CoKTBlKmco  AsTlCLls.  —Continued,  PAOB 

Peace  Confer'moe  at  Versailles, 

Prof.  A.  B.  Hart  £32,  S84,  623,  661 
Pankhnrst's  (Mrs.)  Visit 287 


Pxam 
.Katharine  Mayo    168 


L.  P.  PoweU 


103 
627 


Perfect  Day,  The  End  of  a 
Poet  of  Magic  and  Beauty,  A 
Poetry: 

Advance,  The  Lost Captain  W.  K.  Rainsford 

American  Ambassador  to  Great  Britain,  To  the, 
on  Hearing  of  His  Retirement.  ..H.  D.  Rawnsley 

America,  To H.  T.  Pulsifer 

America  to  Devastated  Fianoe.Theodosia  Garrison 

Ballade  of  Beautiful  Horses,  A Laura  F.  Beall 

Captain,  The J.  B.  Thrall 

Concerning  Peace Theodosia  Garrison 

Dogs  of  Betlileiiem,  Tlie Kattiarine  L.  Bates 

Election  Homing Heniuum  Hagedom 

Enthnsiasta , 8.  G.Dooiittle 

"  Fear  Not  Tliem  " E.J.  Harding 

Fiddler  of  Berlin,  Ttie Hermann  Hagedom 

Francesco  Mario  Ouardabassi,  Of. Clinton  Boollard 

Ghost  of  tlie  Village,  The P.  C.  Jeasnp 

"Going  West " S.  J.  Humeeton 

Great  Britain,  To H.  T.  Pulsifer 

Hail  and  FareweU "•• H.  T.  Pulsifer 

Hymn  for  the  Victorious  Dead. 

Hermann  Hagedom  and  Hontlo  Parker 
Hymn  of  Free  Peoples  Triumphant. 

Hermann  Hagedom 

In  an  Empty  Class-Room Vera  H .  Burridge 

Iron  Cross,  The C.  A.  Riciuuond 

I  Walked  One  Night  hi  the  Shepherds'  Field. 

Jolm  Finley 

IWm Alban  Asbury 

Kilmer,  Joyce Amelia  J.  Burr 

Liberty  Loan,  Tlie 241 

Little  Rough  Stuff,  A,  from  the  Chaplain. 

W.  B.  Ayers 

Memoriam,  In Ellralieth  Hamm 

New  Dedication,  A J.  J.  Cliapman 

Peace H.  T.  Pulsifer 

Prayer,  A  Proletariat D.C.  Seits 

Schoolmaster, The  Vanished.. Hermann  Hagedom 

Bong  of  Men,  The Theresa  V.  Bea*d 

Souvenir E.  A.  Robinson 

TekKeer  uv  Jim L.  R.  MUier 

Ttianatos  Atliauatos John  Hay 

Tommy  Atkius Edgar  Guest 

Vioiet.  A.  in  France V.  C.  Reese 

WWttier  to  Englishmen 267 

Poland,  The  Aspirations  of Waclaw  O.  OoraU    628 

Policemeu,  A  Flan  to  Help,  Out  of  Tight  Places. 

H.  H.  Moore 

President's  Fourteen  Pobits,  The. J.  H.  Odell 

Prices,  Some  High,  in  1863 Bessie  T.  Denny 

Push,  the  Big,  Just  Before B. 

Railroading,  Humanizing  the  Science  of  ..T.  H.  Price 

Red  Cross  Sliop,  The I«um  G.  Smith 

Repair  Shop,  A,  for  Men F.  H.  Potter 

Republican  Congress,  Why  We  Need  a..  Richard  Barry 
Rhymes  in  Prose  on  My  Verbal  Throes. 

Maud  H.  DooUttla 
Right,  The  Power  of Theodora  Uarburg 


G68 

230 
89 
06 
611 
'289 
472 
005 
376 
320 
174 
4&i 
3C9 
371 
387 
365 
468 


4!V( 
61 
409 

676 

303 

16 


387 
564 
366 
639 
306 
61 
601 
408 
264 
111 
638 
140 


126 
343 
303 
426 
19 
227 
539 
258 


606 


Roosevelt,  Queutiu 211 

Running  Submerged H.  B.  Boston  90 

Russia  in  Upbeat George  Keiinan  «16Q 

Russian  Who  Knows  Russia,  Letter  from  a,  to  an 

American  Who  Also  Knows  Russia 351  . 

Russia.  Wliat  Shall  We  Do  with? R.  O.  Atkuiaon  362 

Sausage,  Tlie  Good  Ship GragoiyMason  641 

Shepherd,  The  Fighttaig W.  B.  Rabufoid  101 

Shoulder  Straps :  How  to  Whi  and  Wear  Them. 

C.  F.  Martin  16 

Slackers C.  H.  Towns  548 

Bokliers  of  Many  Races,  What  Books  Are  Doing  to 

Americanize O.  P.  Worts  186 

Boldiera  of  Rescue Francis  Lynde  '294 

Boldiers'  Readhig  hi  the  Civil  War W.  F.  Tust  303* 

Soldier,  The,  and  the  Letter W.  L.  Stidger  111 

Soldier,  Tlie  Retumed  Disabled Garrard  Harris  694 

Soldier,  When  the.  Comes  Back Garrard  Harris  366 

"  S.  O.  S.— Send  Out  Ships  " D.  H.  Cooke  28 

South  Africa,  Across,  in  War  Time.  .Gregory  Mason  131 

Stare,  Four Katharine  H.  Brown  230 

Submarine,  The H.  B.  Boston  90,  172 

Surrender,  Unconditional  (Unconditional  Surrender 

Club) M.F.Bradley  350 

Tax-Oatherer,  The  American. 

T.  H.  Price  and  Richard  SpiUane  291 
Th^ophile,  The  Adventures  of.   D.  H.  Haines  : 

I— The  Trousers  of  Th^opbile  Gelas 688 

II— The  Super-Cook 630 

III— The  Mutiny  of  Tltortlilo 668 

Thousand-Dollar  Mansion,  The BoltonHall  639 

TnJnbig  Camps,  The  Men  in  the Francis  Lynde  i>& 

United  States,  The  Development  of  the. 

Theodore  Roosevelt  169 

United  War  Work  Campaign,  The 347 

Vacations  de  Luxe  for  American  Soldiers  in  France. 

J.  H.  OdeU  14 
VeraaOlea,  The  Peace  Conference  at. 

A.  B.  Hart  632,  6S4,  623,  661 

Vertallles,  The  Romantic  History  of.  .E.  F.  Baldwin  533 

Vindication,  Not  Vengeance Heniy  van  Dyke  631 

Viva  n  Re  I G.  C .  Bperenza  496 

War  Costs,  The,  and  the  War  Debt T.H.Price  134 

War  Incident,  A B.  149 

War,  With  Whom  and  for  What  Are  We  at  ? 

Expert  In  International  Law  216 

Watches,  Weary Gregory  Mason  458 

White,  Andrew  Dickson J.M.WIiiton  449 

Wild  Animals  of  North  America,  Tlie. 

Theodore  Roosevelt  342 
Wilson,  President,  A  Crisis  in  the  Leadership  of. 

David  Lawrence  528 
Womanleas  Town,  A  (Port  Nelson,  Maiiltotia). 

Estelliue  Bennett  475 


ConTUBOTiD  Abtkum. — Continued. 

Word  from  Home,  One  Little. . 

"  r,"  With  tiie,  at  the  Front : 

I— With  the  Wounded  from  the  Front. .  B.  GDmaD    '253 

It— Tlie  V.  H.  C.  A.  Work  hi  Fnnoa.H.  Vacaresoo    2J6 

lU— Cat  of  the  "T"  and  hi  Again.  Brace  Barton    2S7 

THE  NEW  BOOKS: 

Adams,  Henry,  The  Ednaatkm  of 638 

America  in  the  War  (BAemaeken) 658 

Americaii     Demoomcy     and     Asiatic     Citjaeoahtp 

(Gulick) 191 

Armageddon,  A  Reporterat  (Irwio) 145 

Asia  Minor  (Hawley) 566 

Beetle,  The  Sacred,  and  Othera  (Fkbre) 641 

Catholicity :  A  Treatise  on  the  Unity  of  Religions  ' 

(Newton) SM  . 

Christian  Ethics  hi  the  Worid  War  (Mackenzie) 429 

City  of  Trouble,  The  (Buchanan) 668 

Constantinople,  Inside  (Ehisteiu) 490 

Constantinople,  Two  War  Yeare  In  (Stnermer) 490 

Davis,  Jefferaon  (Gordon) 308 

Death,  The  New  (Khrklaud) 383 

Diplomat,  Recollections  of  a  Riisnan  (Scbelking) ...     696 

Doctor  hi  War,  The  (Woods  Hutchtauon) 641 

European    Histonr,    Modem    and    Cootempomnr 

(Sdispiro) .; 666 

Europe's  Fateful  Hour  (Ferraro) 26 

Europe,  The  Expansion  of  (Abbott) 191 

Far  Away  and  Long  Ago  (Hudson) 65$ 

Fiotion: 

Bhth.(Gale) «4fl 

Dangtiter  of  the  Land,  A  (Strattoo-Porter) 145 

Dutch  Faiiy  Tales  for  Young  Folks  (OrliBs) 6jV> 

Elizabeth's  Campaign  (Ward) 389 

Eres  of  Asia,  TheTKipUng) 664 

OhostOarden,  The  (Rives) 187 

Golden  Bough,  Tlie  (Gibbs) 308 

In  the  Days  of  the  Guild  (Lamprey) 189 

In  the  Heart  of  a  Fod  (White) MO 

Joan  and  Peter  (WeUs) 380 

Magnificent  Ambersons,  The  (TkrUngton) 380 

Once  on  the  Summer  BAnge  (Hill) 651 

Out  of  the  SUences  (Waller) 664 

Rule  of  Might,  The  (Cramb) CM 

•' Sbavhigs  "  (Lincoln) 654 

Silent  L^ion,  The  (Buckroae) 380 

Simple  Souls  (Tomer) 380 

Spbiners,  The  (PhiUpatts) 38D 

lUesof  War  (Dnnsany) 565 

That  Tear  at  Lincoln  High  (OoUomb) 381 

TraU  Book,  The  (AustfaiT. 666 

Uncle  Remus  Returns  (Bania) 189 

War  Eagle,  The  (Dawson) 42S 

23U  Hoars' Leave  (Rbiehart) 600 

Foch  the  Man  (Lwighlin) 600 

Fonats,  Our  National  (Boerker) 661 

France,  Home  Fires  in  (Canfield)..! 385 

Genet,  Edmond,  War  Letters  of  (Clianning) 387 

Oenseric  :    Ktaig  of  the  Vandals  snd  Fint  Prussian 

Kaiser  (Bigelow) 309 

Oermany,  The  Guilt  of,  for  the  War  td  German  Ag- 

greasion  (Liclmow^-) 163 

Ouchriat,  Anne,  and  Walt  Whitman,  The  Letters  <d 

(Haraed) 469 

Grass  in  the  Pkvement,  The  (Btihler). 341 

Beam,  Lafcadio,  Reminiscenoes  of  (Kolzani) 429 

Heroes  of  Aviation  (Driggs) 641 

Historic  Bhrines  of  America  (Fkris) GOO 

Ireland  :  A  Study  hi  Natlonaliam  (Hackett) 145 

Italy's  Gmt  War  and  Her  National  Aspiimtioas  (Al- 

berti,  Corsi,  etc.) 3S5 

Japan,  Rising  (Sundkrland) 191 

Jefferson,  Thomas  (Muzzey) 308 

Jewish  Theology  Systematically  and  Historically  Con- 
sidered (Kohler) 557 

Kaiser  as  I  Knew  Him  (Davis) 3S5 

Life  of  God,  Tlie,  hi  the  Life  of  His  WorU  (Whiten)    42» 

Luxemburg  and  Hei  Neighbors  (Putnam) 660 

Memory  :  Poems  of  War  al«l  Love  (Cboyce) 341 

MirtlifiU  LjTB,  The  (Gulterman) 341 

Morgantliau'a  (Ambassador)  Story 622 

Philadelphia, 'The  Romance  of  Old  (Fiuis) 600 

Poems  (Dearmer) 341 

Prohibition,  Why?  (Stelzle) *» 

Renascence  (MlUay) 637 

Right  to  Fight,  The  (Eddy) 387 

Rumania  Yesterday  and  To-Day  (Gordon) 550 

•      Russia  hi  Upheaval  (Ross) 1*6 

Soldier  SOhonettes  on  Our  Front  (Stidger) 660 

aoldiereof  the  Sea  (Abbot) «0O 

Bongs  from  the  Trenches  (Oibboos) 341 

Bongs  to  A.  H.  R.  (Rice) »41 

South  America,  Underatandtog  (Cooper) SB7 

Spain,  A  History  of  (Chapman) 600 

Stakes  of  the  War  (Stoddard  and  Frank) 469 

Steep  Trails  (Muir) <» 

Submarine,  The,  in  War  and  Peace  (Lake) 193 

Son,  The  Story  of  th<<  New  York  (O'Brien) 469 

Tuscany,  Southern,  Byways  in(Hookar) w 

Twenty  (Benson) ■••■    JJi 

United  States,  The  Development  of  the  (Ftuiand). . .    1» 
Valenthie's  Manual  of  the  City  of  New  York,  1917- 

1918  (Brown) »{ 

VaUey  of  Demoomcy,  The  (Ntehoboo) ^ 

Vandal  of  Europe,  The  (Muhlon) »» 

VUinge,  The  :  Russian  Imprswdons  (Pode) 669 

War-Time  Nerves  (HaU) 6*5 

War  Verse  (Foxoroft) '•^ 

Westinghonse,  George  :  His  Life  and  AeUevamenta 

(Leupp) '*^ 

WW  Is  tlieOe'rman  Nation  Dytag  for?  (Krause)...    860 

Wild  Animalsof  North  America, The  (Nelson) 342 

WithThose  Who  Wait  (Huard) «« 

Woman  Citizen,  The  (Boyd) J"' 

Yesterdays  bi  a  Busy  Lite  (Wheeler) 3W> 


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HUMANIZING  THE  SCIENCE 
OF  RAILROADING 

* 
A  SURVEY  OF  THE  GOVERNMENT 
OPERATION   OF  RAILWAYS 

BY  THEODORE  H.  PRICE 


EUROPE'S  FATEFUL  HOUR 

A  REVIEW  OF  FERRERO'S  LATEST  BOOK 

BY  LYMAN  ABBOTT 


WEDNESDAY,  SEPTEMBER  4,  1918 
PRICE:  TEN   CENTS  A  COPY 
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"I  believe  that  the  pro- 
cess bv  wbich  ihc  Victor 
Records  arc  made  is  the 
most  perfect  of  all  methods 
if  voice  reproduction  I 
>ve  made  records  cxchi- 
vcly  for  the  Victor  since 
Icbruary  1910andmy  pres- 
ent contract  does  not  ex- 
pire until  February  1938." 


"I  would  like  to  express 
my  delight  at  renewing  my 
contract  with  the  Victor 
Talking  Machine  Company 
(or  ten  years  more. 

"Durinu  my  extensive 
travels  I  have  had  such  a 
vivid  illustration  of  the 
Breat  work  you  are  doins 
fcr  the  world  that  it  ix  with 
the  deepest  feeline  that  I 
say  I'm  proud  lo  be  a  part 


of  such  a  ereat  work. 


Who  knows  more 

about  music  than  the 

world's  greatest  artists ! 

What  they  think  of  the  Victor 

When  selecting  a  musical  instrument  for 
your  home,  wouldn't  you  value  the  opinions 
of  the  world's  greatest  artists?  Wouldn't  you 
like  to  benefit  by  what  they  think  of  it  ? 

Certainly  no  one  is  better  qualified  to  judge 
a  musical  instrument !  They  know  music.  Their 
life-work  is  music.  And  what  they  say  about 
the  Victrola  is  of  the  utmost  importance. 

They  not  only  endorse  the  Victrola,  but  they 
show  their  unbounded  confidence  in  it  by 
making  Victor  Records  exclusively. 

There  are  Victor  dealers  everywhere,  and  tliey  will  glaflly  jday  any 
music  you  wish  to  hear  and  demonstrate  tlie  various  styles  of  tlie  \  ictor 
and  Victrola — $12  to  $950.  Saenger  Voice  Culture  Records  are  in- 
valuable to  vocal  students — ask  to  hear  them. 

Victor  Talking  Machine  Co.,  Camden,  N.  J.,  U.  S.  A. 

Berliner  Gramophone  Co..  Montreal.  Canadian  Distributor« 

Important  Notice.  Victor  Records  and  Victor  Machines  are  scientifically  coordinated 
and  synchronized  in  the  processes  of  manufacture,  and  their  use,  one  with  the  other,  is 
absolutely  essential  to  a  perfect  reproduction. 

New  Victor  Records  demonstrated  at  all  dealers  on  the  1st  of  each  month 

"Victrola"  is  the  Registered  Trade-mark  of  the  Victor  Talking 
Machine  Company  designatine  the  products  of  this  Company  only. 

Victor  Supremacy 


"The  \'icior  today  is  the 

most     relentless    but    the    «  G^T 
moiil  just   critic,  as  it    re       ■  ^^^ 
produces  absolutely  w^.j 
the  artist  has  done."  ■* 


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Outlook 


Published  Weekly        ^ 

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A  GROUP  OF  ARTICLES 
ON  EDUCATION 


TYING   HISTORY  TO   LIFE     •     BY  J.  MADISON  GATHANY 

EDUCATION   FOR  CITIZENSHIP  •  BY  PAUL  LEE  ELLERBE 

THE  VANISHED  SCHOOLMASTER  •  A  POEM  BY  HERMANN 

HAGEDORN 

MAKING  THE  MAIMED  WHOLE  •  BY  LACY  SIMMS,  FRANK 
HUNTER  POTTER,  AND  JAMES  J.  WILSON 


WEDNESDAY,  SEPTEMBER   11,  1918 

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The  Pierce-Arrow  Brougham  is  6-cylinder,  48  horse-power 
and  142  inches  wheel-base.  It  is  roomy  and  comfortable,  with 
auxiliary  seats  of  the  disappearing  kind,  giving  ample  room 
for  five  passengers  inside.  Decorations  and  upholstery  to  suit 
taste  of  purchaser. 

Pierce  -Arrow 


Every  Pierce -Arrow  Car  assures  a  high 
standard  of  comfort  and  dependability  at 
reasonable  outlay  for  gas  and  tires — main- 
tains  that  standard  year  after  year  afteryear. 

THE  PIERCE-ARROW  MOTOR  CAR  CO. 


BUFFALO,  N.  Y. 


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BOLSHEVISM  AND 
APPLIED  ANTI-BOLSHEVISM 

BY  THEODORE   ROOSEVELT 

ART,  ROMANCE,  AND  WAR 

BY  JOSEPH    H.  ODELL 

CORRESPONDENT  OF  THE  OUTLOOK  IN   FRANCE 

RUNNING   SUBMERGED 

A   TRIP   IN   AN   AMERICAN    SUBMARINE   ABROAD 

BY  A  SPECIAL  CORRESPONDENT  OF  THE  OUTLOOK 


WEDNESDAY,  SEPTEMBER   18,  1918 
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BdlzdC— greatest  of  French  fie- 

tionists— used  to  keep  seven  quill- 

wielders  busy  at  one  time.   They 

wrote  to  his  dictation  in  long- 
hand. '^'^'^  But  the  typewriter  changed  all 
that.    It  increased  tremendously  the  power  of 
the  copyist.  '^'^'^  And  just  as  the  typewriter 
revolutionized  old  methods,  so,  in  turn,  does 
the  Mimeograph  multiply  thepower  of  the  type- 
writer.  It  reproduces  five  thousand  perfect  du- 
plicates of  a  typed  or  written  sheet  an  hour — at 
small  cost    And  designs,  sketches,  plans,  signa* 
tures,etc.,  go  on  the  same  sheet,  in  one  operation. 
Unexcelled  is  the  work  of  the  Mimeograph  now — 
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IN  FRANCE 

BY  JOSEPH   H.  ODELL 


ACROSS   SOUTH  AFRICA 

WAR  TIME 

BY  GREGORY  MASON 

STAFF  CORRESPONDENT  OF  THE  OUTLOOK 


IN 


THE  WAR  COSTS  AND   THE 

WAR  DEBT 

BY  THEODORE   H.  PRICE 


WEDNESDAY,  SEPTEMBER  25,  1918 

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I  Am  Public  Opinion 

All  men  lear  me! 

I  declare  that  Uncle  Sam  shall  not  go 
to  his  knees  to  beg  you  to  buy  his 
bonds.  That  is  no  position  for  a  fight- 
ing man.  But  if  you  have  the  money 
to  buy,  and  do  not  buy,  I  will  make 
this  No  Man's  Land  for  youl 

I  will  judge  you  not  by  an  allegiance 
expressed  in  mere  words. 

I  will  judge  you  not  by  your  mad 
cheers  as  our  boys  march  away  to 
whatever  fate  may  have  in  store  for 
them. 

I  will  judge  you  not  by  the  warmth  of 
the  tears  you  shed  over  the  lists  of  the 
dead  and  the  injured  that  come  to  us 
from  time  to  time. 

I  will  judge  you  Bot  by  your  uncovered 
head  and  solemn  mien  as  our  maimed 
in  battle  retiurn  to  our  shores  for  lov- 
ing care. 

But,  as  wise  as  1  am  just,  I  will  judge 
you  by  the  material  aid  you  give  to 
the  fighting  men  who  are  facing  death 
that  you  may  live  and  move  and  have 
your  being  in  a  world  made  safe. 

I  warn  you — don't  talk  patriotism  over 
here,  unless  your  money  is  talking  vic- 
tory Over  There. 

I  am  Public  Opinion! 

As  I  judge,  all  men  stand  or  fall! 

Buy  U.  S,  Gov't  Bonds  Pourth  Liberty  Loan 


Contributed  through  Division  of 

Advertisinn 


United  States  Gov't  Comm.  on  Public 
Informaiion 


TAw  sjiOfe  contributed  /or  the   W'innini/  o/ the  War  hy 

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NOTICE  TO  READER 
Wlienyou  finish  readingthis  magazine, 
place  a  l-tient  stamp  on  tliis  notice, 
mail  tlie  magazine,  and  it  will  be 
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NO  WRAPPING— NO  ADDRESS 


Published  Weekly 


WITH    ILLUSTRATIONS 


WHAT    SHALL    BE    DONE 

WITH  AUSTRIA  AND  THE 

BALKAN  NATIONS? 

THE   VIEWS   OF  AN    INFLUENTIAL 

RUMANIAN 


ON  NIGHT  PATROL 

A   TALE   OF    THE   AMERICAN    DESTROYERS 

BY   HENRY   B.   BESTON 


WEDNESDAY,  OCTOBER  2,  1918 
PRICE:   TEN    CENTS  A  COPY 
FOUR    DOLLARS  A  YEAR 
381  FOURTH  AVENUE,  NEW  YORK 


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Miiilillifilitilffiiiliiiifliiiiiiiujfiiillin 


iiiiiimniiiBiHiiiimfiiifiiiii' 


r5Ei5i?^i^igi^i^^i^^^j!^»gpg^pg^ 


MC  CORMAGK 


ar-:^?)-^ 

ymtiiiifliiifliiiiiiiiiyi  |^j 

Mie^wiiiniiiiiwiiMiniiiiiiiiiNiHHiiiiiiiiiinHiiiiiiiiHiiiiinMiniiwiiinM    niiu ihiiiiimII 


Every  home  can  have 
the  ^vorld's  best  music 
-072  thei  'Victrola 

It  is  etujy  for  you  to  enjoy  at  will  the  greatest  musical 
art  of  all  the  world — if  you  have  the  instrument  which 
brings  the  magnificent  interjiretations  of  the  greatest  artists 
into  your  home. 

The  Victrola  enjoys  that  privilege — a  distinction  accorded' 
it  by  the  most  famous  artists  in  the  world  of 
nmsic.  They  appreciate  that  the  Victrola 
reproduces  their  art  with  a  fidelity  that  parallels 
their  actual  performances  on  the  oi)era  and 
concert  stage. 

Only  the  Victrola  satisfies  their  high  artistic 
demands.  That  is  why  they  make  Victrola 
Records  exclusively. 

There   are  Victoi-s  and  Victrolas    in  great  varietv  from 
$12  to  $950.    Any  Victor  dealer  anywhere  will  gladly  demon 
strate  the  Victrola  and  play  any  music   you  wish  to  hear. 
Saenger  Voice  Culture  Records  are  invaluable  to  vocal  stu- 
dents— ask  to  hear  them. 

Victor  Talking  Machine  Co.,  Camden,  N.  J,  U.  S.  K. 

Ucrlincr  Graiiioulione  Co.,  Montreal.  Canadian  Distributors 


PADEREWSKl 


"HIS  MASTERS  VOICE" 


Important  Notice.  Victor 
Records  andVtctor  Machines  are 
scientifically  coordinated  and 
synchronized  in  the  processes 
of  manufacture,  and  their  use. 
one  with  the  other,  is  absolutely 
essential  to  a  perfect  repro- 
duction. 

New  Victor  Records  dem- 
onstrated at  all  dealers 
oa  the  lat  of  each  month 

"Victrola"  is  the  Registered 
Trade-mark  of  the  Victor  Talk 
Ing  Machine  Company  designat 
ing  the  products  of  this  Com- 
pany only. 


iiiiiiftMiEgii«ii'iffiiEaiiBiiiii»ii^iPifliBitMi!iiii 


Viclrnl.  XVII.  $275 
■ola  XVII.  cleclric.  $332.50 


•^' 

( 

nac 

m 

i 

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cgt. 

The 


NOl'lCK   TO   READKR 

'Wlicii  v.iii  liiiisli  r('4i<liii(;lliis  nint;a/,iiic. 
j)'uri'  a  i-cciit.  Miinn)  on  tliis  ii'itii-i'. 
mail  llii'  mafjazini',  and  it  will  Im' 
))'..iciil  i.i  tlic  liaiiils  III'  our  soldriM-s  or 
aailoix  (Ii'sIhiimI  to  jii'ooeed  ovci'^i'a^. 
NO   WKAI>1'1N(;--N0  AI)i>Rl':.sS 


Published  Weekly 


WITH    ILLUSTRATIONS 


WITH  WHOM  AND  FOR  WHAT 
ARE  WE  AT  WAR? 

BY  AN  EXPERT  IN  INTERNATIONAL  LAW 

HOME  TO  ENGLAND 

BY  GREGORY  MASON 

STAFF  CORRESPONDENT  OF  THE  OUTLOOK 

CONSCIENTIOUS   OBJECTORS 

AND  OTHERS 

BY  FRANCIS  LYNDE 


WEDNESDAY,  OCTOBER   9,  1918 
PRICE:  TEN   CENTS   A   COPY 
FOUR   DOLLARS   A  YEAR 
381  FOURTH  AVENUE,  NEW  YORK 


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For  Men,  Women  and  Children 


JELDOM  does  your  hosiery  escape  the  attention  of  others,  and  if  it 
be  this  captivating  Luxite,  -wherever  you  feo  admiration  follows. 
Luxite  has  proved  that  silk  hose  will  wear  splendidly  when  made  as 
we  make  Luxite,  usin^  the  finest  Japanese  silk  thread  of  many  tightly 
spun  strands,  and  pure  dyes  that  cannot  injure  either  the  silk  or  your  feet. 

Men's  Si7it  Paced  50c,  and  Pure  Thread  Silk  75c  and  $1.00. 
Other  styles  at  35c  up.  Women's  Pure  Thread  Silk  $1.10 
to  $2.50.    Other  styles  50c  up.    Children's  50c  per  pair  and  up. 

Ask  for  Luxite  Hosiery  in  the  stores.     I{  yoa  cannot  conveniently  ^t  it,  write 
us  for  directions  and  illustrated  book  and  prices. 

LUXITE  TEXTILES,  Inc.,  656  Fowler  St.,  MUwaukee,  Wb. 

Mahtra  of  High  Crad*  Hoaiary  Sincm  187S 
Naw  York  CMcaio  San  Franciieo  Livarpool,  England  Sydnay,  Anatralia 

tUXITE  TEXTILES  OF  CANADA,  Limited,  London,  Ont. 


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WHY  WE  NEED  A  REPUBLICAN  CONGRESS 

BY  RICHARD    BARRY 


/ 


The 


NOTICE  TO  READER 
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zine.  place  a  1-cent  stamp  on  tliis 
notice,  mail  the  magazine,  and  it  will 
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or  sailors  destined  to  proceed  overseas 

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A.  S.  BURLESON.  Postmaster-General 


Published  Weekly 


WITH    ILLUSTRATIONS 


WITH   THE  "Y" 


▼; 


T 


YMC  A 


\^'</ 


V 


The  Red  Triangle 

By  Amelia  Josephine  Burr 

Badge  that  is  red  as  a  beating  heart. 

Symbol  of  Three  in  One, — 

Groping  their  way  by  the  painted  posts. 

After  the  fight  is  done. 

The  wounded  catch  for  the  arm  that  shows  it; 

Never  a  man  of  the  host  but  knows  it! 

Sign  of  the  three  that  shall  never  part 

TUl  the  battle  of  souls  is  won. 

Faith  in  the  fruit  of  the  patient  years, 

Hope  for  a  world  set  free. 

Love  for  the  soldiers  of  God's  great  fight. 

These  are  the  holy  three 

7%af  hearts  at  home  grope  their  wounded  way  to 

As  it  were  to  the  hand  of  the  God  they  pray  to — 

Link  that  is  hallowed  with  blood  and  tears 

And  bridges  the  haunted  sea ! 


AT  THE   FRONT 


WEDNESDAY,  OCTOBER   16,  1918 
PRICE:  TEN  CENTS  A  COPY 
FOUR   DOLLARS  A  YEAR 

ani    FOURTH    AVRNtTR    NKW  YORK 


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What  is  the  Kaiser 
Watching  Now? 

TS  he   watching   the   work   of  those  U-boats  on 

-^  which  he  once  pinned  his  hope  of  victory  ? 

No. 

Is  he  watching  the  campaign  of  his  beloved  ally,  the 

terrible  Turk  ? 

No. 

Is  he  watching  his  armies  on  the  Western  front  ? 

No, — not  even  those. 

He  is  watching  the  Fourth  Liberty  Loan. 

He  is  watching  you. 

Upset  his  hopes  again.     Buy  as  you  never  bought 

before. 

—  BUY  GOVERNMENT  BONDS    OF  

THE   FOURTH  LIBERTY    LOAN 


Cootri  bated 

thron|fa 

Diviiion  o(  Advertiiing 


U.  S.  Gor't 

Committee 

on  Publie  laioroMtia 


This  space  contributed  for  the  Winning  of  the  War  by 

THE  OUTLOOK 


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my  WE  NEED  A  DEMOCRATIC  CONGRESS 


BY    THE     HON.    CHAMP    CLARK 

SPEAKER  OF  THE   HOUSE  OF  REPRESENTATIVES 


v/ 


,>,  ''"'■/»• 


The 


NOTICE  TO  READER 
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zine, place  a  l-cent  stamp  on  this 
notice,  mail  the  magazine,  and  it  will 
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or  sailors  destined  to  proceed  overseas 

NO   WRAPPING     NO    ADDRESS 
A.  S.  BURLESON.  Postmaster-General 


Published  Weekly 

WITH    ILLUSTRATIONS 


THE   AMERICAN 
TAX    GATHERER 

BY  THEODORE   H.  PRICE  AND 
RICHARD   SPILLANE 

SOLDIERS  OF  RESCUE 

BY  FRANCIS   LYNDE 


J    . 


WEDNESDAY,  OCTOBER   23,  1918 
PRICE:  TEN   CENTS   A   COPY 
FOUR   DOLLARS   A  YEAR 

.181    FOURTH    AVENTIK.    NFW    YORK 


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MAZDA 


Mazda  is  the  trademark  of  a 

world-wide  service  to  certain 

,,..        ,  ,        ,.         t^^i  ir  •»»  lamp  manufacturers.    Its  pur- 

"Not  the  name  of  a  thing,  but  the  mark  of  a  service  ^^^^  .^  ^^  ^^jj^^  ^^^  J,^ 

scientific  and  practical  information  concerning  progress  and  develop- 
ments in  the  art  of  incandescent  lamp  manufacturing  and  to  distribute 
this  information  to  the  companies  entitled  to  receive  this  service. 

Mazda  Service  is  centered  in  the  Research  Laboratories  of  the 
General  Electric  Company  at  Schenectady,  New  York.  The  mark 
Mazda  can  appear  only  on  lamps  which  meet  the  standards  of 
Mazda  service.  It  is  thus  an  assurance  of  quality.  This  trademark 
A  MAZDA  Lamp  for  every  purpose  is  the  property  of  the  General  Electric  Company. 

4«4« 

RESEARCH  LABORATORIES  OF  GENERAL  ELECTRIC  COMPANY 


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NOTICE  TO  READER 
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zine, place  a  1-cent  stamp  on  this 
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A.  S.  BURLESON,  Postmaster-General 


Published  Weekly 


WITH    ILLUSTRATIONS 


v 


THE  PRESIDENT'S 
FOURTEEN   POINTS 

ARE  THEY  CLEAR  AND  FINAL? 

BY  JOSEPH   H.  ODELL 


WEDNESDAY,  NOVEMBER   6,  1918 
PRICE:   TEN   CENTS  A  COPY 
FOUR    DOLLARS  A  YEAR 
381    FOURTH  AVENUE,  NEW  YORK 


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The  Outlook  Readers^  Reference  Collection 


of 


Large  Scale  War  Maps 

tn  Atlas  Form,  16  Pages,  ISYz  x  21  Inches.    12  Maps,  Printed  in  6  Colors 


THE  WESTERN  FRONT 


A  complete  and  comprehensive  series  of  colored  maps  showing  the  entire  area  of  the  western  battle-front 
in  France  drawn  on  a  large  scale — five  miles  to  the  inch  with  red  lines  indicating  the  position  of  the  Allied 
armies  at  the  time  of  going  to  press  (October  3, 1918)  and  other  red  lines  indicating  the  farthest  advance  of  the 
Germans,  each  in  a  distinctive  character.  The  large  scale  on  which  each  map  is  drawn  has  made  it  possible 
to  print  the  name  of  every  town  and  village  in  clear,  legible  type  so  that  it  can  be  read  with  the  utmost  ease. 

The  maps  show  every  town,  village,  hamlet,  naval  arsenal,  fort,  redoubt,  battery,  aireraft  deixit,  fortifietl  town,  mountain 
pass,  wireless  station,  railway,  and  canal.  Altitudes  are  given  at  frequent  intervals,  being  indicated  by  the  jwpidar  layer 
system  of  eoloring.  This  method,  wliieli  has  been  luiiversally  approved,  consists  of  showing  the  elevations  in  twelve  different 
colors  and  tints.  For  instance,  deep  brown  indicates  1,100  to  1,200  meters  (3,609-3,937  feet),  while  a  lighter  brown  indicates 
1,000  to  1,100  meters  (3,281-3,609). 

Surface  configuration  is  largely  the  key  to  events  in  the  theaters  of  war.  Rivers,  moimtain.s,  and  forests  are  the  natural 
strategic  barriers.  Mountain  passes  with  their  highways  and  railways  are  the  natural  gateways.  Only  maps  which  show  these 
clearly  can  give  you  a  correct  idea  of  the  relative  value  of  a  gain  or  loss  of  territory.  The  official  American  and  Foreign  Gov- 
ernment maps  form  the  bases  on  which  these  maps  were  matle.  Every  contour  ami  location  represents  the  work  of  Goveninient 
surveyoi's  and  cartographers.  Accuracy,  therefore,  is  assured,  and  thoroughness  of  detail  is  guaranteed  by  observations  and  tests. 


OTHER  MAPS  IN  THE  OUTLOOK  ATLAS 

In  addition  to  the  large-scale  maps  of  the  western  battle-front  above  described,  which 
are  printed  in  three  sections,  each  section  occupying  a  double  page,  are  the  following : 


ARMY  MAP  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES 

On  the  front  cover  of  the  Atlas  is  a  map  of  the  United  States  showing  the 
locations  of  cunips  and  cautunments,  officers*  traiuing^  camps,  aviation  fields, 
Anuy  schools,  etc. — also  the  &igs  of  the  Allied  nations  in  color. 

GENERAL  MAP  OF  THE  WESTERN  FRONT 

Two  pages  are  occupied  by  a  war  map  of  the  western  fi-ont.  which  is  a  com- 
plete one-sheet  map  of  this  area.  It  is  made  on  a  scale  of  10  miles  to  the 
inch  and  extends  west  to  Ashford,  England,  north  to  Antwerp,  Belgium, 
east  to  Frankfort,  Germany,  and  south  to  Orleans.  France. 

MAP  OF  THE  ITALIAN  FRONT 

This  double-page  map  is  engraved  on  a  scale  of  10  miles  tu  the  inch.  It 
is  exceedingly  complete  and  is  invaluable  in  following  the  news  from  this 
region.  It  extends  north  to  the  German  boundiiry,  east  beyond  Laibaoh, 
south  to  Bologna,  west  to  Milau. 

MAP  OF  NORTHWESTERN  RUSSIA 

This  is  an  entirely  new  map  of  that  part  of  Russia  in  Europe  now  figuring  in 
the  public  prints.  It  includes  the  towns  that  have  s^irung  into  prominence 
during  the  present  war  and  since  the  Allied  intervention.  All  the  railways, 
including  the  one  recently  built  to  AlexandrovHk,  on  the  Arctic  Ocean,  are 
shown  on  this  map.  Canals,  foits,  and  other  important  details  are  given,  while 
racial  divisions  are  indiwxted  in  red.  The  detail  of  the  northern  sector  now 
occupied  by  the  Allies  is  pjuticularly  complete. 


NEW  MAP  OF  THE  WORLD 

On  this  map  the  colonial  possessions  of  each  country  are  shown  in  the  same 
color  as  the  mother  countries.  Steamship  lines  with  distances  via  the  Panama 
Canal  are  given  in  blue,  and  other  routes  in  red,  »(» that  the  comparisons  may 
be  easily  made.  PriuciiKil  through  railways,  wireless  telegraph  stations, 
and  subiimrine  cables  are  also  indicated. 

MAP  OF  NORTHERN  ASIA,  EMBRACING 
SIBERIA,  MONGOLIA,  AND  JAPAN 

This  map  clearly  shows  the  route  of  the  Trans-Siberian  Railwiiy,  the  main 
highway  between  Japan  and  Russia,  connecting  Vladivostok,  Harbin,  and 
Fetrograd.  All  stations  along  this  important  line  as  well  as  in  other  regions 
are  given  in  great  detail.  All  former  Kuasian  poasesaons  in  Asia  are  ahio 
included  in  detail. 

MAP  OF  CENTRAL  AND  WESTERN  EUROPE 

Tliis  map  shows  political  Ixtundaries  in  separate  colors  and  is  valuable  in 
sliowiii);  the  relations  of  the  several  fronts  to  each  other  and  to  the  neotml 
countries.    AU  railways,  canals,  and  princiiial  cities  and  towns  ar«  shown. 

MAP  OF  ASIA  MINOR 

This  map  shows  the  MesoiHitaniiau  Syrian,  and  Caucasian  fronts,  with  the 
completed  and  projected  portions  of  the  Pau-German  "  Berlin  to  Bat^dad  " 
railway. 


THE  OUTLOOK'S  SPECIAL  OFFER 

We  want  every  reader  of  The  Outlook  to  have  this  collection  of  maps  as  a  part  of  The 
Outlook,  for  it  will  be  of  the  greatest  assistance  to  every  reader  in  interpreting  the 
daily  events  of  the  great  war.  When  you  read  the  weekly  narrative  of  war  events  in 
The  Outlook,  you  will  understand  that  narrative  better  with  these  maps  at  your  hand 
for  reference.  And  if  a  peace  conference  comes,  these  maps  will  be  invaluable  in  tracing 
the  boundaries  of  the  territories  in  dispute.  This  atlas  is,  in  fact,  a  permanent  supplement 
to  each  issue  of  The  Outlook,  and  we  have  been  able  to  make  the  price  so  low  that  every 
subscriber  may  have  it  in  his  possession  as  a  part  of  The  Outlook. 

Fill  out  the  accompanying  order  form  and  return  to  us  at  once  with  remittance  of 
$4.50;  we  will  extend  your  subscription  for  one  year,  whatever  the  present  date  of 
expiration  may  now  be,  and  this  valuable  collection  of  war  maps  will  be  sent  to  you 
immediately,  carefully  protected  from  damage  in  transit,  all  charges  prepaid.  This 
offer  also  applies  to  a  new  subscription,  but  does  not  apply  in  the  case  of  subscriptions 
sent  through  agents.     The  price  of  the  war  maps  alone  is  $1.50. 

THE  OUTLOOK   COMPANY 


THE  OUTLOOK  COMPANY, 

381   Fourth  Ave^  New  York 

I  enclose  Four  Dollars  and  Fifty  C^nta,  for 
which  please  send  me  Tl»e  Outlook  Headera' 
Reference  Collection  of  War  Maps,  all  charges 
prepaid,  and  enter  my  subscription  to  Tlie 
Outlook  for  one  year  <or  renew  for  one  year 
from  present  date  of  expiration)^  in  accordauce 
with  the  terms  of  your  special  offer. 


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THE  RESULT  OF  THE  ELECTIONS 


EDITORIAL    COMMENT 


The 


NOTICE  TO  READER 

When  you  finish  readine  this  maga- 
zine,  place  u  1-cent  stamp  on  this 
notice,  matt  the  magazine,  and  it  will 
be  placed  in  the  hands  of  our  soldiers 
or  sailors  destined  to  proceed  overseas 

NO   -WRAPPING— NO   ADDRESS 
A.  S.  BURLESON,  Postmaster-General 


Published  Weekly 


WITH    ILLUSTRATIONS 


OUT  WITH  THE  FOG- 
HOUNDS 

BY  GREGORY  MASON 

STAFF  CORRESPONDENT  OF  THE  OUTLOOK 

A  CLASSIC   INSTANCE 

A  STORY  BY  HENRY  VAN   DYKE 


WEDNESDAY,  NOVEMBER   13,  1918 
PRICE:  TEN   CENTS   A   COPY 
FOUR   DOLLARS  A  YEAR 


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She  isn't  selling  the  "War  Cry''  any 
more— she  is  hearing  it 


THE  girl  in  the  blue  uniform  and  bonnet 
with  the  red  ribbon,  coming  out  of  the 
front  door  uf  a  saloon  with  a  smile  on  her 
face  and  a  stack  of  "War  Cry's"  under  her  arm 
— a  few  beer-damp  nickels  and  pennies  in  her 
tambourine — the  little  group  at  the  street  corner 
singing  earnest  hymns  to  the  tune  of  "Break  the 
News  to  Mother"  and  then  marching  oS  with 
a  train  of  half-drunken,  maudlin  derelicts — the 
big  bass  drum  they'd  lay  on  its  side  to  catch 
the  few  coins — stones  sometimes — tossed  by 
the  ring  of  onlookers — the  serious  chap  with 
the  B-flat  cornet,  who  always  played  off  key — 
"HaUelujah,  Brother." 

Is  that  your  idea  of  the  Salvation  Army? 

You're  all  wrong! 

"Over  There,"  right  up  close  to  the  front- 
line trenches,  where  your  man  and  my  man 


are  fighting  for  us — and  winning  for  us— the 
Salvation  Army  is  doing  a  noble  work. 

It  is  giving  your  man  and  my  man  hot  things 
to  drink  when  they're  cold  and  wretched  — coffee 
— cocoa — tea — it  is  giving  them  sandwiches — 
criillers — pie  when  they're  hungry — and  ciga- 
rettes— and — 

Over  1200  Salvation  Army  workers  are"over 
there"  doing  for  our  men  in  huts  and  hotels 
and  ambulances. 

Over  a  thousand  of  them  are  women. 

That  same  "Sister"  into  whose  tambourine 
you  used  to  drop  a  supercilious  dime  isn't 
selling  the  "War  Cry"  anymore — she's  hear- 
ing it,  and  doing  what  she  can  to  ease  the  pain 
that  caused  it. 

Better  help  her— "Brother!" 


SALVATION  ARMY 

Seven  allied  BCtivities,  all  endorsed  by  the  Goremment.  are  combined  in  the  United  War  Work  Cam- 
paign, with  the  budgets  distributed  as  follows:  Y.  M.C.A.,  flOO.OOO.OOO:  Y.W.C.A.,  *16.000.000: 
National  Catholic  War  Council  (including  the  work  of  the  Knights  of  Columbus  and  special 
war  activities  for  women),  (30,000,000:  Jewish  Welfare  Board.  $3,600,000;  American  Library 
Association,  (3,600,000:  War  Camp  Community  Service,  $16,000,000;  Salvation  Army.   $3,60a000. 


Contributed  through  Division  of 
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THE   OUTLOOK 


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EACE  AND  THE  COLLAPSE  OF  AUTOCRACli 


BY   LYMAN  ABBOTT 


The 


NOTICE  TO  READER 

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zine, place  a  1-cent  stamp  on  this 
notice,  mail  the  magazine,  and  it  will 
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NO   WRAPPING— NO    ADDRESS 

Postmaster-General 


-AVS.  BlJRT^SSON. 


Published  Weekly 


WITH    ILLUSTRATIONS 


WHY  THE  GERMANS  HAVE 
DEEMED  THEMSELVES 

SUPERIOR 


BY  JOSEPH   JASTROW 


"MINE  LUCK-PIECE" 

A    STORY    BY    ELSIE    SINGMASTER 


WEDNESDAY,  NOVEMBER  20,  1918 
PRICE:  TEN   CENTS  A  COPY 
FOUR   DOLLARS  A  YEAR 
381   FOURTH  AVENUE,  NEW  YORK 


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Forms!  Since  Old  Adam's  day 
men  have  used  pictures  as  the  sim- 
plest means  of  conveying  important 

ideas  clearly  and  forcefully.  A  cartoon  or  a 
diagram  often  "gets  over"  where  words  would 
utterly  fail  "^  '^  '^  A  unique  distinction  of  the 
Mimeograph  is  its  ability  quickly  to  reproduce 
designs,  plans,  maps,  and  kindred  drawings, 
along  with  typewritten  or  handwritten  text. 
No  cuts  or  particular  skill  required.  Thousands 
of  Mimeograph  users  are  finding  in  this  remark- 
able  feature  an  easy  way  of  promulgating  new 

kinds  of  forward  work,  or  of  doing  the  usual  work  quicker 
and  more  economically.    The  Mimeograph  duplicates  illus- 
trated letters,  and  all  kinds  of  sketches,  blanks  and  forms,  with 
surprising  sharpness — and  at  minimum  cost.    Get  booklet  "A'* 
today — from  A.  B.  Dick  Company,  Chicago — and  New  York. 


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f  NOTICE   TO   READER 

Tjcn^  you  finish  readiiii;  this  inaEa- 
icjfplacp  n  1-cenl  stamp  on  this 
ticepnail  the  mana/ine.  and  it  will 
rlfced  in  the  hands  ofour  soldiers 
aaiTOrs  liesttned  to  proceed  ovorftea.s 
tJ(^WRAPPING  NO  ADDRESS 
^ByRLESON.  Postmaster-General 

Outlook 


Published  Weekly 


WITH    ILLUSTRATIONS 


THE  COMING 
BRITISH  GENERAL  ELECTION 

BY  FRANK  DILNOT 

"VIVA  IL  RE!"  STORIES  ABOUT 
THE  KING  OF  ITALY 

BY  GINO  C.  SPERANZA 

SPECIAL  CORRESPONDENT  OF  THE  OUTLOOK  IN  ITALY 

THE  INTERNAL  REVENUE 
COMMISSIONER  AS  A  POLICEMAN 

BY  THEODORE  H.  PRICE  AND  RICHARD  SPILLANE 


WEDNESDAY,  NOVEMBER  27,  1918 

PRICE:  TEN  CENTS  A  COPY 
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THE  THEOPHILE  STORIES 

The  Adventures  of  a  Poilu 

Theophile  Gelas,  cook  and  soldier,  wittv  and  brave,  wise  in  his  knowledge 
of  men  and  things,  lover  of  truth  and  justice,  patriotic  Frenchman,  is  the  hero 
of  seven  stories  which  will  appear  in  The  Outlook  at  an  early  date. 

The  author  is  Mr.  Donal  Hamilton  Haines,  one  ot  the  most  promising  of 
American  short-story  writers.  Readers  of  The  Outlook  will  remember  three 
war  stories  by  Mr.  Haines.  They  were  entitled  "  Je  Ne  Sais  Quoi  ?"  "  Ducrot 
the  Carter,"  and  "Bill."  They  appeared  in  the  issues  of  The  Outlook  for 
August  23,  1916,  November  14,  1917,  and  January  16,  19 18.  If  any  reader 
of  The  Outlook  failed  to  see  these  stories,  we  think  he  would  find  it  worth 
while  to  turn  back  in  his  files  ot  the  paper  and  see  if  he  does  not  agree  with 
us  in  saying  that  they  are  fine  in  spirit  and  clever  in  situation. 

The  new  series  of  stories  is  even  more  to  the  point  now  that  the  fighting  of 
the  nations  is  over  than  it  was  before.  For,  while  these  tales  are  entertaining 
and  dramatic,  they  are  also  imbued  with  the  feeling  of  human  brotherhood 
and  are  alive  with  human  kindness  and  human  helpfulness. 

The  titles  of  the  stories  in  the  order  in  which  they  will  appear  are  : 

I.  The  Trousers  of  Theophile  IV.  A  Matter  of  Discipline 

II.  The  Super-Cook  V.    Four  Days'  Leave 

III.  The  Mutiny  of  Theophile  VI.  Papa  Gelas 

VII.  The  Vanquished  Warrior 

Each  of  the  stories  above  named  is  entirely  independent  of  the  others.  The 
thread  of  connection  is  solely  that  of  the  adventures  of  Theophile,  the 
"super-cook." 

In  our  judgment,  the  group  of  stories  here  announced  will  prove  even 
more  attractive  and  interesting  to  our  readers  than  the  "Adventures  of  Arnold 
Adair,"  by  Mr.  Driggs,  published  last  year. 

THE  OUTLOOK 

'  381   Fourth  Avenue,  New  York  City 

AN  ILLUSTRATED  WEEKLY  JOURNAL  OF  CURRENT  LIFE 

"Never  partisan,   never  neutral,   but  always  independent  " 
Yearly  Subscription,  $4.00.       At  News-stands,   10  Cents  a  Copy 


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The 


NOTICE  TO  READER 
When  you  finish  readinK  this  maga- 
zine, place  a  1-cent  stamp  on  This 
notice,  mail  the  magazine,  and  it  will 
be  placed  in  thf  hands  of  our  soldiers 
or  sailors  destined  to  proceed  overseas 

NO  WRAPPING  -NO  ADDRESS 
A.  S.  BURLESON.  Postmaster-Gencral 


Published  Weekly 


WITH    ILLUSTRATIONS 


A    REPAIR    SHOP 

FOR   MEN 

THE  NAVAL  PRISON  AT  PORTSMOUTH 

BY  FRANK   H.  POTTER 

THE  GOOD  SHIP 
SAUSAGE 

BY  GREGORY  MASON 

STAFF  CORRESPONDENT  OF  THE  OUTLOOK 


WEDNESDAY,  DECEMBER  4,  1918 
PRICE:  TEN  CENTS  A  COPY 
FOUR   DOLLARS  A  YEAR 
381  FOURTH  AVENUE,  NEW  YORK 


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Follow  the  Peace  Conferences 

by  using 

The  Outlook  Readers^  Reference  Collection  of 

LARGE  SCALE  MILITARY  MAPS 

In  Atlas  Form,  16  Pages,  13\ix21  Inches.    12  Maps,  Printed  in  6  Colors 


THE  WESTERN  FRONT 


A  complete  and  comprehensive  series  of  colored  maps  showing  the  entire  area  of  the  western  battle-front 
in  France  drawn  on  a  large  scale — five  miles  to  the  inch  with  red  lines  indicating  the  position  of  the  Allied 
armies  on  November  1,  1918,  ten  days  prior  to  the  signing  of  the  armistice  by  Germany  and  the  Allies,  and 
other  red  lines  indicating  the  farthest  advance  of  the  Germans,  each  in  a  distinctive  character.  The  large 
scale  on  which  each  map  is  drawn  has  made  it  possible  to  print  the  name  of  every  town  and  village  in 
clear,  legible  type  so  that  it  can  be  read  with  the  utmost  ease. 

The  inajis  show  every  town,  village,  lianilet.  naval  arsenal,  fort,  redonht,  battery,  aircraft  depot,  fortifie<l  town,  mountain 
pass,  wireless  station,  railway,  and  canal.  Altitudes  are  "iven  at  freqnent  intervals,  lieing  indicated  by  the  ]X)pular  layer 
sj'steiii  of  coloring.  This  method,  which  has  been  universally  aj)i)roved,  consists  of  showing  the  elevations  in  twelve  different 
colors  and  tints.  For  instance,  deep  brown  indicates  1,100  to  1,200  meters  (3,609-3.937  feet),  while  a  lighter  brown  indicates 
1,000  to  1,100  meters  (3,281-3,609). 

Surface  configuration  is  largely  the  key  to  events  in  the  theaters  of  war.  Rivers,  mountains,  and  forests  ai-e  the  natural 
sti-ategie  barriers.  Mountain  passes  with  their  highways  and  railways  are  the  natural  gateways.  ( )nly  maps  which  show  these 
clearly  can  give  you  a  correct  idea  of  the  relative  value  of  a  gain  or  loss  of  territory.  The  offii-ial  .American  and  Foreign  (iov- 
emment  maps  form  the  bases  on  which  these  maps  were  made.  Every  contour  and  location  represents  the  work  of  (iovernment 
surveyoi's  and  cartogi-aphei-s.  Accunw'y,  therefore,  is  assured,  and  thoroughness  of  detail  is  guaranteed  by  olwcrvations  and  tests. 

OTHER  MAPS  IN  THE  OUTLOOK  ATLAS 

In  addition  to  the  large-scale  maps  of  the  western  battle-front  above  described,  which 
are  print<!d  in  three  sections,  each  section  occupying  a  douljle  page,  are  the  following  : 


ARMY  MAP  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES 

On  tlie  front  cover  of  the  Atlji-s  is  a  map  of  the  United  States  showing  the 
locations  of  cAnips  and  cantonments,  officers"  tniininp  canip«,  aviation  fields. 
Army  Hchools,  etc. — also  the  Hag^s  of  tlie  Allied  nations  in  color. 

GENERAL  MAP  OF  THE  WESTERN  FRONT 

Two  piif^^s  are  occupied  by  a  war  map  of  tlie  western  front.  whi(-h  is  a  com- 
plete one-sheet  map  of  this  area.  I(  is  made  on  a  scale  of  10  miles  to  the 
in<-h  and  extends  west  to  Ashford,  England,  north  to  Antwerp,  Belgium, 
eiust  \o  Fraukfoi-t,  Germany,  ami  south  to  Orleans.  France. 

MAP  OF  THE  ITALIAN  FRONT 

This  double-page  map  is  engi-aved  on  a  scjile  of  10  miles  to  the  inch.  It 
is  exceedingly  complete  and  is  invaluable  in  following  the  news  fi-oni  this 
region.  It  extends  north  to  the  Germau  bounthiry.  east  beyond  Laibach, 
south  tf)  Bologna,  west  to  Milan. 

MAP  OF  NORTHWESTERN  RUSSIA 

Tliis  is  an  entirely  new  ma])  of  that  part  of  Russia  in  Knroi>e  now  figuring  in 
the  public  prints.  It  includes  the  towns  that  have  sprung  into  prominence 
duiinc:  the  present  war  and  since  the  Allied  inteiTeution.  All  the  niilwaj'S, 
iucludiiig  the  one  recently  built  to  Alexandrovsk,  on  the  Arctic  Ocean,  are 
shown  on  this  nia|).  Canals,  forts,  and  other  impoitaut  detjiils  iive  given,  while 
racial  divisions  are  in<liciite<l  in  red.  The  detail  of  the  northern  sector  now 
occupied  by  the  Allies  is  particularly  complete. 


NEW  MAP  OF  THE  WORLD 

On  this  map  the  colonial  possessions  of  each  country  are  shown  in  the  same 
color  as  the  mother  countries.  Steamship  lines  with  distjinces  via  the  Panama 
Canal  are  given  in  blue,  and  other  routes  in  i-eil,  wti  that  the  corapariwins  may 
be  easily  made.  Pnncipal  through  railways,  wireless  telegniph  stations, 
and  submarine  cjibles  are  also  indicated. 

MAP  OF  NORTHERN   ASIA,  EMBRACING 
SIBERIA,  MONGOLIA,  AND  JAPAN 

This  map  dearly  shows  (he  roule  of  the  Ti-nn.s-Siberiau  Uailwaj',  the  main 
highway  between  Japan  and  Kus-sia,  connecting  Vladivostok,  Harbin,  and 
Petwignid.  All  stations  along  this  important  line  as  well  as  in  other  regions 
are  given  in  gi>e:it  detail.  All  former  Biissian  ])i>.ssessions  in  Asia  are  also 
included  in  detjiil. 

MAP  OF  CENTRAL  AND  WESTERN  EUROPE 

This  map  shows  jMilitical  boundaries  in  sepanite  coh)rs  and  is  vitluable  in 
showing  the  relations  of  the  sevenil  fronts  lo  each  other  and  to  the  neutral 
countries.    All  i-ailways,  canals,  and  princi|Kil  cities  and  towns  ai-e  shown. 

MAP  OF  ASIA  MINOR 

Tliis  map  shows  the  MesoiH)tainian.  Synan.  and  Tuucasian  fronts,  with  the 
completed  and  projected  portions  of  the  Pan-German  ^*  Berlin  to  Bagdad  ^* 
railway. 


THE  OUTLOOK'S  SPECIAL  OFFER 

Now  that  an  armistice  ha»  been  signed  by  Germany  and  the  Allies,  a  Peace  Conference 
will  soon  be  considering  the  terms  of  final  peace.  These  maps  will  be  invaluable  in 
tracing  the  boundaries  of  the  nations  that  have  been  involved  in  the  war  and  of  the 
territories  in  dispute.  Every  reader  of  The  Outlook  should  have  this  collection  of  maps 
as  a  part  of  The  Outlook,  for  it  will  be  of  the  greatest  assistance  in  interpreting  the 
adjustments  that  will  be  made  by  the  Peace  Conference.  This  atlas  will  be  of  permanent 
value,  and  we  have  been  able  to  make  the  price  so  low  that  every  subscriber  may  have 
it  in  his  possession. 

Fill  out  the  accompanying  order  form  and  return  to  us  at  once  with  remittance  of 
$4.50;  we  will  extend  your  subscription  for  one  year,  whatever  the  preient  dale  of 
expiration  may  now  be,  and  this  valuable  collection  of  war  maps  will  be  sent  to  you 
immediately,  carefully  protected  from  damage  in  transit,  all  charges  prepaid.  This 
offer  also  applies  to  a  new  subscription,  but  does  not  apply  in  the  case  of  subscriptions 
lent  through  agents.     The  price  of  the   war  maps  alone  is  $1.50. 

THE  OUTLOOK   COMPANY 


'  THE   OUTLOOK   COMPANY, 

I  381    Fourth  Ave..  New  York 

I  I  enclose  Four  I><»llai-s  and  Fifty  Cents,  for 
which  please  send  me 'Hie  (hiilook  Ke.'ulers* 
lleference  Collection  of  War  Ma^w,  all  charges 

'  ])repaid.   and   enter  my  subscription    tu  '1  he 

'  (hitlook  for  one  year  (or  renew  for  <me  y«*ar 

'  from  present  date  uf  expiration),  in  acconhutoe 

'  with  the  terms  of  your  special  offer. 

I 

I         Name 

'         .  {(idress 

I 
I 
I         


Y 


The 


Outlo 


Published  Weekly 


WITH    ILLUSTRATIONS 


THE  PROBLEM  OF  POLAND 

BY  WACLAW  O.  GORSKI 

HONORARY  SECRETARY  OF  THE   POLISH  VICTIMS  RELIEF  FUND 

THE  SUPER-COOK 

BY  DONAL   H.  HAINES 

THE  SECOND  IN  THE  SERIES  OF  SHORT  STORIES 
ENTITLED  "THE    ADVENTURES    OF    THfiOPHILE" 

THE  PEACE  CONFERENCE 

THE  THIRD  ARTICLE   IN  THE  SERIES 

BY  ALBERT   BUSHNELL   HART 

PROFESSOR  OF  GOVERNMENT  AT  HARVARD 


VEDNESDAY,  DECEMBER   18,  1918 
PRICE:  TEN   CENTS  A  COPY 
FOUR   DOLLARS  A  YEAR 
381  FOURTH  AVENUE.  NEW  YORK 


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Mother 


USED  to  be  a  little  bit  ashamed  of  the  way  I  felt  about  Mother, 
I  loved  her,  of  course — loved  her  with  all  the  love  that  could  be 
crowded  into  a  boy's  heart — but  I  hated  to  show  it.  Only  girls 
and  babies,  I  thought,  showed  affection.  It  wasn't  "manly"  for  a 
boy  to  be  petted — especially  if  there  was  someone  around  to  see. 


I  used  to  go  to  Mother  when  I  had  cut 
my  finger  or  had  some  childish  grief  or  woe 
and  she  would  bind  up  the  wound  in  my 
finger  and  my  heart  and  drive  away  all  the 
pain  and  sorrow  in  some  strange,  mysteri- 
ous way  that  only  mothers  know  abou:. 

Then  she'd  put  her  arm  around  me 
and  smoothe  my  hair — but  I'd  pull  away 
and  swagger  out,  whistling  loudly,  and  play 
with  my  dog. 

But  at  nights  when  I'd  gone  tired  to  bed 
I'd  think  about  Mother. 

And  always  she  appeared  in  a  sort  of 
soft  light  with  a  smile  of  understanding. 
To  myself,  I  called  her  "The  Greatest 
Mother  in  the  World." 

*         #         *        * 

The  other  day  I  saw  a  Red  Cross  Poster 
— a    white    clad    nurse   with    a   wounded 


soldier  in   her  arms;  they  called  it  "The 
Greatest  Mother  in  the  World." 

It  brought  a  jealous  little  tug  to  my 
heart  when  I  saw  it.  I  resented  the  use 
of  that  title  for  a  Red  Cross  Poster.  It 
was  my  name  for  Another. 

I  closed  my  eyes  for  a  moment  and  a 
vision  of  Mother  came  to  me.  The  same 
soft  light  and  tender  smile.  And  when 
I  looked  up  at  the  poster  again  I  under- 
stood. 

I  felt  that  the  Red  Cross  had  the  right 
to  use  that  title, "The  Greatest  Mother  in 
the  World." 

For  I  realized  that  the  spirit  of  my 
Mother — and  yours — was  behind  that  big 
organization  —  binding  up  cut  fingers  for 
little  boys  who  have  grown  up  and  aren't 
really  little  boys  any  longer. 


+ 


yfnd  fiat's  the  reason  Fm  going  to  answer  '■'■Present  /  "  at  the 

RED  CROSS  CHRISTMAS  ROLL  CALL 

DECEMBER  16-23 

**JoJfi  the  lied  Cross — nil  you  need  is  a  heart  and  a  dollar' 


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