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A NEW
POCKET DICTIONARY
OF THB
FMSKCH AND E1VG1.ISH
E2T T-^SrO PARTS.
1. FRENCEi AND ENGLTSH.— ?. ENGLISH AMJ KKKNCH.
COXTAINING
ALL THE WORDS IN GENERAL USE,
AND Al.'THORiZED BY THE BEST WRITERS.
The several Pans of Speecli — Th(» senders of ilie French Nouns— The accenfs of the English Words
for the use of Forei^'uers— An Al[ihabt^iical l,ist of the most usu.'il Cliristian and Proper
iNanies ; and of Uie most remarkable places in the known World.
BY THOMAS A^UGEJ^T. LL.D.
THE FIFTH AMERICAN, FIIOH THE LAST LOXDOI? EDITIOK;
With the Addition of the vew fVurds, inserted in Mnitanlirs and J,e Clere's last Edition of the
National French Dictionary; llie Irreiiulnntirs nf the English Verbs and Noune;
and a comprehensive View of the Provuncialion and Syntax of tlie «
French Language.
BY J. OUISEAIL Jl. M.
PHILADELPHIA — R. W. POMEROY,
Stereotyped by J. Harding.
-^.0[^ -
PREFACE.
The rapid and increasing sale of this Dictionary leaving no doubt of its
utility, neither trouble nor expense have been spared in this edition to de-
serve a continuance of the public esteem. Sensible of such decided pre-
ference, two different editors in Paris determined to profit by it. One of
them, in an edition sold by Mr. Santin, copied literally this work, boldly
assuming the name of the present editor. This was an injury, but not a
direct insult. The other, in an edition for Mr. Theophilus Barrois, threat-
ens with a prosecution any person who shall presume to pirate his manuscript.
Manuscripty indeed ! whoever will be at the trouble to compare the two edi-
tions, will find that editor to have been a minute copier of this present Dic-
tionary.
As to his asseveration of being the first who inserted the several irregu-
larities in the Enghsh verbs and nouns — nothing, to use the softest expres-
sion, was ever more groundless. He took them, word for word, from this
work, in which they were inserted by the present editor more than twenty
years ago, with the following paragraph in the preface: — *' This edition con-
tains all the irregularities in the English language — a convenience which is
not to be found in any other French and English Dictionary .'^--v
Another paragraph was this: — *' Ladies at the head of sclfeols, and pri-
vate governesses, will find their laudable wish fully satisfied, as the most scru-
pulous care has been taken to expunge all improper expressions." It must,
however, be granted, that the copier followed here his own plan, and re-
placed with the strictest attention, all the rude and offensive words which
the present editor had left, and continues to leave out.
As to some articles which that editor added, they chiefly consist of obso-
lete and uncouth expressions, which will for ever remain undisturbed, or
of words minutely technical, which the present editor always avoided to
insert, because a literary Dictionary can never be made an Encyclopsedia:
otherwise, why not have added the whole series of words belonging to che-
mistry, botany, painting, &c. &c.? All the chief words, either naval or mi-
litary', with those of the several arts and sciences, used in general reading
and conversation, are, and always were, in our Dictionary, according to the
excellent plan of the French Academy and of Dr. Samuel Johnson.
We hope that this moderate defence against an injurious encroachment
will not be deemed improper here; and we finish with observing, that this
edition continues to have the convenience of a clear and comprehensive
view of the pronunciation, accidence, and syntax of the French language, with
a pailicular Section on grammar in general.
2052919
OBSERVATIOXS
I. "When polysyllables are spelt alike
in both lang\iag-es, or are only altered
at the last, or two last syllables, they
will be found in tlie following manner:
Abbrevia/Zon, f. — tion. AbominaZ//£-
nicnl, ad. — bly.
II. When several words of the same
part of speech follow one another,
the mark of the part of speech is only
put after the first word, and answers
to all the others. The same method
has bvien foUjpfd with regard to the
gender of tde Jt rench words.
III. When a letter, or a syllable,
such as e, re, ease, Sec. follows a French
adjective, it is to show its feminine.
As the adjectives ending in e, with-
out accent, are always of both genders
in French, they have no special mark
in this Dictionary. Those that are
quite irregular, are printed without
abbreviation.
IV. When you meet with a line
thus: — , tliat begins a new article, it
means the repetition of the preceding
word, which generally has another sig-
nification.
V. AVhen there is but one meaning
to an adverb, if there be near it an
adjective of the same root, and with
different significations, the adverb
generally has them all. — Thus tendre-
menf, ad. has all the meaning of ten-
dre, a. This observation, which serves
for several hundred adverbs and often
for substantives, will he. of great ser-
vice to young translators.
\T. The frequent asterisks in the
first part, show the following words
to be Irregular; and such iiTCgularities
are explained in the second part, iii
looking for those words in their alpha-
betical order.
AN INTRODUCTION
TO THE
FRENCH GRAMMAR
BY J. OUISEAU, A. M.
We divide this Introduction into four Sections. The first exemplifies the principles of the
French Pronunciation ; tiie second treats of Grammar in general ; the tliird presents a compre-
liensive view of tiie several Parts of Speech in tiie FrencJi and Englisli languages ; the fourth
contains the fundamental Rules of tli^ Frencli t-ynta.x.
SECTION I.
Of the French Provviiciaiion.
The French aiphaliet consists of 25 letters, in
the order of this Dictionary: a, 6, c, </, e, /, g,
A, i, j, k, I, ?rt, 7?, o, p, q, r, s, t. «, v, x, y, z.
They are divided, as in English, into vowds
and consonants.
;Some particular marks, called Accents, are
essential to the orthography of the French
words, and aflect their sounds.
The acute accent (') is put upon e, and gives
to it a slender and acute sound, nearly as a in
ale, pale. Ex. He, bonte, gcncrosite.
The grave accent ( ") is put chiefly upon e, a nd
gives to it an open and grave sound, nearly as a
in play, day. Ex. frcre, crime, chevre.
'J he circumflex accer.t ( ) is put upon any
vowel, and gives to it a brMAsound, just as the
sound which distinguishes Wpfctoin hat, shaicl
from shall. Ex. du pldtrc, vo'UMftes, les v'ttres,
jc bru le.
The apostrophe indicates the elision of a vow-
el : as rdme for la dine ; I'arbre for le arbyf.
The cedilla gives to the c the sound of #, be-
fore a, o, u. Ex. il lanca, via l^on, novs re-
Climes.
SOUNDS OF THE VOWELS.
Observe first. That the French letters s and z,
when added to the substantives and adjectives
to mark the plural number, serve likewise, m
general, to Icngtlien the sj liable which precedes
them. Ex. uu solddt, dcs soldats ; un effet, des
cffets.
Secondly, a vowel with a circumflex, is al
ways broad; as, vous ctes drole; but vowels
Open A ; sounded like o in shall
Broad A ; sounded like a in shawl
Slender E ; sounded like a in ale
and so sound er, ez, and i
in the final syllables >
of verbs. )
Open E ; nearly like ay in may
er ; ( :
ez ; ^ I
ai ; ( (
are often pronounced broad, although without
a circumflex, as will appear in the following ta-
bles.
The vowels a, e, i, o, u, produce, by their
combination witli other letters, many other sint-
ple sounds, which we treat as vowels in the
following order.
Bague, cave, mascarade
Platre, blame, rare
Th6, caf6, felicit6
Parler, danser, Jouer
Vous parlez, dansez, joucz
J'ai, je sais, il salt
Regie, zele, caractere
VI
OpeaE,
Broad E ;
ai, aie ;
ais, aix ;
— ois ;
oient ;
elB, aits :
Guttural E ;
and so sound ai and ei in
first and middle syllables ; et
in final syllables; c, not ac-
cented, but followed by two
consonants, or a final c, /, I,
r; oi in the impeifect and
conditional tenses of verbs.
I sounded nearly like e in there ;
\ and so sound ai, aic, ais, aix ;
•^ also ois and oient in the im-
perfect and conditional tenses
of verbs, likewise ets, aits, is.
at the end of racnosyllables. >
and in the composition of '
words, is sounded like c in ^
sister. ;
eu, OBU, r
eu. So sound nearly eu and au —
eux,<| likewise eu, eux, eus, ceux,
eus, and euse, but much graver.
OBUX, euse, 1.
J'aime, vaine, gramraaire
Haleine, peine, enseigne
Bonnet, bos<iuet, bracelet
Toilette, sagesse, denteile
Bee, chef, sel, enfer
II parloit, il parleroit
N. B. Wherever oi has the sound of e or t,
many authors change oi into ai; Frangaii, .^it-
glais, il parlait, &iC.
Tempfete, tfete, conquete
Maitre, aise, craie, futaie
Jamais, desonnais, la paix
Les Francois, les Anglois
J'aimois, lis airaoient
Sujets, regrets, presdu prt
Succes, proces, ici pres
Je, me. que, devenir, parvenir
Peu a peu, jeune, le peuple, vocu —
Jeune, honteux, je meurs, tu peui
Oiufs, voeux, crease, heureuse
Silent E ; givesafuU sound to a final consonant,
which otherwise would be silent
Slender I ; sounds like ee in sleep
OpcnO; sounded like o in come; so
au ; sounds au at the begiiming and end of
polj'syllables
Broad 6, O ; sounded like o in cold ;
OS, ots, so sound the final syllables
aux; OS, ots, aux ; likewise au in mono-
syllables
Slender U ; these vowels have no similar
u ; sound in English ; ix sounds like u,
but is a little longer
Slender OU ; sounded like oo in cool
Open na^al UN, UM ; no similar sound In
English
Open njisal OX, > „ , , .
OM • ( "^^"F '•'^c "^ in tcont
Broad nasal IX, something of the sound of
ini, ein, in as pronounced in saint,
ain, aim; pint
Broad nasal .\X, something like an in
am, en, em, tcant, warrant, but still
ent, aon, aen, more nasal
Sain, saine ; point, pointe ; charmant, chai
mante ; m^decin, medecine
Dislributif, par ici, visible, veritt
Parole, mode, microscope
Bateau, tableau, automate
Aumone, apotre, anemone
A propos, repos, mots, abricots
Travaux, m6taux, un seau d'eau
Perdu, vaincu, tumulte
Je brule, tu bruies, il brule
Bf aucoup, dessous, joujoux, amour
Chacun, comniun, tribun, importun, parfuw
Cordon, manchon, ballon, charbon
Pompe, tronipe, surnom, interrompMjns
Clavecin, chagiin, quinze, dindon
Importun, timbre, le sein, les reins
Romain, demain, la faim, un daira
Sultan, tyran, chantre, rang
Ambre, chambre, vengeance, printems, sou vent,
paon, faon, la ville de Caen
Sa<^ne (a river.) taon (agad-fly,) pron. S6ne, ton
vii
N. B. 1. When after morn follows an e mute in tlie same syllable, or another »i or » with a
Towel in the following syllable, the sound ceases to be nasal. Ex. chacun, chachune; miduin, nU-
iecine; fripon, friponne; baron, baronne; point, pointe.
2. Ent is silent in the third person plural of verbs, but the preceding consonant has a very full
lound. Ex. tin sautent ; Us dansent ; Us parlent ; Us mangent.
SOUNDS OP THE DIPHTHONGS.
Ezavtples.
C'est un grand joueur
Des routes boueuses
Louise est 6blouissante
Vous fetes tres-enrou6
Jouet, souhait, il louoit
II croit que c'est de la moelle de poisson
lis louoient, je louois, des jouets
Que les rois soient justes
Tu jouas afin qu'il jou4t
Ce rouage va tres mal
Nousjouons; nouslouons
II fait son joujou d'un babouin
Je vis dans mon coin sans soin ni besom
II vit en jouant ; la ville de Rouen
Examples.
A la lueur des 6toiIes
Son front respectueut
Donnez lui un biscuit
Cette nu6e a remu6 vers le sud
II remuoit ; un langage muet
Je le saluois ; ils cherchoient des blueU
II continua d'observer le nuage
Tu continuas ; tu substituas
Nous nous saluons ; nous continuonF
Les liqueurs suintent en Juin
II a I'air d'un chat-huant
Examples.
La chiourme forca de rames
Les Confucius et les Fabius
Adieu monsieur le rieur
I'aime ces vieux messieurs
Je me conflai a son amiti6
Ma niece est vieille ; il ^tudioit
Ils se fioient a ce niais, & je m'en d^fiois
Un diademe orn6 de diamans
Ratafia, galimatias
Ce n6gociant est trop confiant
Ses passions le font rugir comme un Hop
Ce lien ne tient4 rien
ic, e« ««««>,, » »...,..«» . -", Lemaintien d'un client; ^
Y, by itself, or at the beginning of a word, or Assis a I'ombre d'une yeuse, il y jouoit de la
after a consonant, sounds sim ply like the vow- lyre
y, not beginning a syllable, and followed by a Essayez vos crayons. Ce royaume ee loyal Les
vowel, sounds u, and forms two distinct syl- passans sont joyeux
tables.
Formed from the Vowels.
Oueu,
ou andeu ;
Oueux,
ou eu;
Ouj,
ou i;
Ou6
ou 6;
Ouet, ouait, ouoit,
ou 6;
Oi, oit, oe.
o 5 ;
Ouets, ouois, oaoient,
ou 6;
Ois, oient.
ou 6:
Ouas, ouat,
ou 4;
Oua,
ou a open;
Ouon,
ou on;
Ouin,
ou in ;
Oin,'
o in;
Ouan, ouen,
ou an:
Formed from the Vowels.
Ueu,
u andeu;
Ueux,
u eu ;
Ui,
u i;
U6,
u 6;
Ue, net, uoit,
u e:
Uets, uois, uoient,
u— 6;
Ua,
u a open ;
Ua, uas.
u a broad;
Uon,
u on;
Uin,
u ^in;
Uant
u an;
Formed from
the Vowels.
Ion,
\ and ou ;
lu.
i u;
feu.
i eu ;
Icux,
i eu;
lai, 16,
i 6;
16, ioit.
i 6;
lois, ioient, W.s,
i 6;
la.^as.
1 a open,-
I h broad;
Ian,
i an;
Ion,'
i on;
len, always in verbs,
and in some nouns,
i ain ;
Jen, in nouns, i ain;
and i an;
le soutien d'un patient
VUl
Two dots over a vowel, called trema^ or diisre- Ce poiite a de la naivet6. Les vers lambes sooi
*is, iodieate that those two vowels are not to sonores, Saul haissoil David,
be pronounced in the same syllable.
SOUNDS OF THE CONSONANTa
Like
B has two Bounds ; b,
Somewhat between p and 6,
C has three sounds ; before a, o, u, A,
Before e, i, or with q s,
In some words, nearly ff,
L'h has two sounds ; sfi,
Ch in many words, k,
D has two s»iunds ; d,
Before a vowel or /i mute, t,
F has two sounds ; /,
Generally before a vowel or A mute, v,
G has three sounds ; before a, o, u, harsh g,
Before e, i, j,
[n some words, A-,
Gu is generally iiiiuid, i'tja, ifnio^
ffJlJ, g^w,
Sometimes noi liquid,
H has two sounds ; aspirated,
Not aspirated,
K has one sound ; always as a harsh c,
L has two sounds ; liquid, ^'^'fl? 5'-''-'i
N«t liquid, /a, /«, /;,
M has three sounds ; ?«,
With the nasality of n.
As in Englisl), gem, sUm, helm,
N has three sounds ; naaal,
open,
As n m ten, fen,
P tag one sound ; ^,
(i has iliree sounds ; in dropping u, a,
With u in its natural sound, cu,
With u sounded ou, cou,
R has one sound, r,
Generally mum in nouns in tre before a
consonant
S has two sounds ; s,
Generally between two vowels, :,
T has two sounds ; t,
In substantives in tion ; proper names, in )
Uen ; adjectives ic tial, tiel, tieuz, tien, > s,
and their derivatives S
V has one sound ; p,
K. has four sounds : ks.
As gs in the English word eg^s, gz,
A hissing sound, as in hiss, as,
Af in zea/, zephyr, 2
Examples.
Bon jour, mon bon ami
II obiinl un pouvoir absolu
Du ojnible des grandeurs on le culbuta dans un
cachot
Cedilie, citron, lanca, lecon, recu,
La seconde fois ; une bccjisse &. une becassine
Du chocoiat bieii cliaud; un cheval Aug ois
La voix des bacchantes ; un echo
Doiinez-nioi des diagees de Verdun
Repondil a ce grand hoimne
Jesuis frappo de ctlte faiale nouveile
Neuf lioiiunes ; pei.dant ncuf ans
Gusman de GoHzaie : dii gazon
J'aiuiG 1«; giroile &. !e girigenibrc
Suer sang it eau ; un long enirctien
Les vigRobk's de la Bouigogne &. de la Cham
pagne
La gnomoniqne ; des uaux stagnantes
Lb oherjjs sont h:\idis ; un esprii hargueui
'Jii liomme hcureux &;^lu)iuieie
Le Kail desTariarcs ; lasoudo est du kali buill
Ce snifcii bnli.ant me blesse rail
Aclihie altaquK la ville tie Troie
Mei:cz moi cliez ma mere
Jfe sais son iiom a-sd sou snrnom
Sem, Jerusalem, Seliin, Epliraun
Ce chien nc; j>reJid rien
L'ennemi est ansianii
L'amcur &. Thymen ; i! <iit amen a lout
Le pauvre est eans pouvi ir &. sans pain
Qualite vaut niieux que quantit6
Une statue iqiiesire ; le quniluple de vingte
Le veau marin est un quadrupede aquaiique
Voire argent reslera sans interet
Voire pere a un autre projet ,
Soyez sage & sarhez vons taire
Voici une rose : j'ai perdu mon fuseau
Souvent la traiiison a les dehors de ramiti*
La patience est la portion du pauvre
Les Empereurs Domitien &. Dioclelien
Partial, essentiel, asiiLdtieux, impatient
Veneznie voir Vendredi procliam
Les coiifcuses taxenl le beau sexe
Exigez qu'il vnus en df>ime I'exemple
Soixante, Bruxelies, Cadix, Auxerre
Deux oeufs &: s-ix amandej
Les douze sigiico du zodaique
Je suis de Metz, & lui de Khodez
Z haa two sounds ;
When a final,
N. B. The consonants c, /, ^, r, are commonly sounded at the end of words ; but the other con-
sonants are almost always silent, unless they are joined to a final e mute ; as saint, sainte; pru-
dent, prudcnte; JLouis, Liouise; Romain, Romaine; petit, petite.
OF THE UNION OF WORDS.
The rule generally given, that a word ending nouncing the final consonants of the verbs; j'a-
witli a consonant should be joined to a word be-
ginning with a vowel, is absolutely erroneous,
and leads to a heavy aflected manner of pro-
nouncing. It is true that in reading verses, and
m public speeches, consonants are oftener and
more strongly sounded before a vowel ; either
to preserve the measure of the verse, or to give
a quicker impulsion to the air, and be heard at
a greater distance. But in conversation, and in
familiar reading,nothing is more carefully avoid-
ed by all unaflected people.
However, as there are many cases in whicli
the consonants must be joined to the vowels, we
sliall endeavour to give a clear rule, with its mo-
difications, for the direction of Foreigners.
1. Let us observe that the consonants c,/, I, r,
few words excepted, are always joined to the
next vowel of any word which follows them.
2. Tlie same remark stands good for any
ether consonant that, by custom, is pronounced
full at the end of some particular words ; which
for the most part are ancient and modern /o-
reign nd^mGS. Thus in the words Venus, Bac-
chus, Memphis, Jlbraham, &c. the final conso-
nants keep their /ttW and natural sound, eitlier
before a consonant or a vowel ; therefore pro-
nounce Venus aimable, Venus blessee, Bac-
chus endormi, Abraham obeiasant, &c. in sound-
ing fully the final consonants.
3. The verbs are never joined by unafiTected
speakers,to the word which follows them, unless
tiiat word be their pronoun conjunctive, the in-
determinate pronoun on., or the supplying pro-
nouns y and en; which three last always sound
before and after verbs. — Thus read without pro-
N. B. The letters to be joined to the next vow-
els, have approaches (^-')
Les arbres de mon all6e ;
The trees of my alley.
Lcs &, des annoncent le pluriel ; mon & ton
expriraent la possession.
vois eavie; il parut accable, nous parlames a
Antoine. — But, sound the final consonant, both
of the verbs and pronouns, (according as they
meet either before or after one another) in such
constructions as these; allonsy; m'attend-on?
Donnez-en? en-avez-vous? On-en-aura; vous ai
mez ma sceur ; & elle vous aime. Parut-il acca-
bl6 1 Je ne puis qu'y faire, dit-elle.
4. However, one may sometimes sound, but
always very gently,the final consonant of a verb
before the infinitive avoir and elrc. Jlfaut avoir;
on doit etre. ^~'
5. The t of est and sont from the verb etre,
sounds before any vowel. Jl est adroit; elles
sont aimablcs ^~'
6. Tlie t of the conjunction et (and) is always
silent.
7. The final n in nasal sounds is never to he
joined to the next vowel, except in these four
words; un, on, bicv, rien; and in masculine
adjectives ending in n, when Ihey precede their
substantives beginning with a vowel ; as, mon
bon ami ; j'ai son argent ; donne moi ton epee.
8. S and x, joining a vowel, take the somid of
z; d of t; g of k; and / the sound of v.
These observations being premised, wc may
now offer tlie general rule.
The final consonant of a word, (especially v,
s, t, X, and 2) is sounded before a vowel, when-
ever ihe first word necessarily affects the second,
that is, either deierniines, qualifies, or modifies
its signification; such as, an article and its noun,
a preposition and its case, &.c. &c. witli the ex-
ceptions above mention«!d.
References to the foregoing observations and
to the general rule.
Les and vwn, as articles, modify the words
arbres and allee; therefore, by the general rule,
the s and it are sniindi d.
Tlies in its and (/f.*, and the win mon and ton,
are silent before the in;xt vowels, because lea
Tlie vDcrds Ics and des show the plural num-
ber; the '.cords mon and ton announce posses-
sion.
Les y &. les en soat d' un grand usage en Francois.
The pronouns y and en are of great use in
French.
Vo'u imitez voa freres; & nous aussi, nous
les iraitons.
You imitate your brothers; and we also imi-
tate them.
Un avis important,
Un imponant avis ;
An important advice.
Whenever some words will appear to contra-
dict the general rule, let them be examined with
care, and the reader will easily perceive that
such licenses are taken to avoid either an am-
OF THE GUTTURAL VOWEL e.
aes, mon, and ton, are taken abstractedly, and
do not ad'ect tlie next word witJi their right of
articles.
Hercs is pronounced before y and en, because
les, as article plural to y and ew, determines tho
extent of tlieir siguiticaiion — d is sounded before
usage, because grand qualifies usage.
Here the a- of vous sounds before imitez, because
it determines imitez, being its conjunctive pro-
noun. The s of nous is silent before aussi, be-
cause it does not adect it, but a farther word
imitons, the conjunctive pronoun of vvliich it is
Tlie 5 of les is sounded before imitons, by the
second paragraph of the third observation.
The n of un is sounded by the seventh obser-
vation. The s of avis is silent before important,
because avis does not qualify important, but is
qualified by it. The t of important, sounds be-
fore avis, "because important alfects avis by
qualifying it.
biguity or a harsli sound ; because, as says M.
I'abbe d'Olivet, the Frencli prefer an irreguJarity
to a discordant sound.
The French have tvvoe's not accented, as has
been already seen in the table of the vowels.
One of them is always silent, and only serves
(as far as relates to pionunciaiion) to lengthen
the syllable which precedes it; as, un grand
point; une grande pointe. Un medecin
medecine.
Tlie other unaccented e has a sound of its own,
which coming from the throat, as in the English
words daughter, sister, gives to it the name of
guttural e.
That e is sometimes pronounced, and some-
times not ; and in this consists a great ditticuity
for foreigners, who alwa^'s pronouncing it full,
are long before they are able to follow a French
conversation, and thence are inclined to believe
that the French spyak much fastei than anyothcr
nation. The truth is, that the French, taking
them in general, do not speak faster than other
people, but in conversation, and in familiar read
tention to the following remarics will remove
every difficulty.
When a guttural e ends a second syllable, it
is not pronounced ; and this is effected in the
following manner ; the first syllable joins the
une consonant of the second, and the e thus unsup-
ported, remains silent: Ejc. (iuand vous se-
rez le luftnie, vous nie trouverez le meme. ""
This sentence contains thirteen syllables in
prose : Quand voiw se rez le meme vous me trou
ve rez le meme. In verse, mime would be divid-
ed into two syllables.
In familiar reading, and in conversation, it
only contains eight syllables : Quand vouss rei
memr, vousm trouv rel mem.
Observe, 1. If the guttural e of the second
syllable is either preceded or followed by a diph-
thong or a vowel compounded of ttvo lettersjsnch
asau, ei,ou,Se.c. thee must then be^en£/y heard;
iiig, they drop the guttural e, as often as they can such we mark m the following examples with
do it, and thus go quicker through a sentence an asterisk(*).
2. The consonant of an e guttural, cannot be
joined to a syllable ending in e mute.
3. When you drop an e guttural, let the junc-
tion bo very smooth, and try to avoid a jerking
harsh sound.
In order to apply the preceding observations, we give here some lines of which the c's which
follow the approaches, are not to be pronounced.
than does a foreigner, who gives a full guttural
sound to every e he meets with.
In tliis consists much of the neatness and ele-
gance of a good French accent, and a little at-
Je me rendis le jour suivant cliez le Comte / went the next day to the Count of Olivarez
^ ^^ -^ before the rising of the sun.
d'Olivarez, avant le lever de I'aurore.
You will become the confidant if that Lord;
should not you like it ?
It IS what I
shall.
not wish at all^ nor ever
Vous deviendrez ie confident de ce seigneur ;
aimeriez-vos a le devenir 1
C'est ce que je ne souhaite pas du tout, et ce
que je ne souhaiterai jamais.
Jc ne pus m'empficher de rire de la sotte va-
nity de mon secretaire, et cependant, je !e lais-
sai faire. ^
Cette guerre devint le sujct de toutes les me-
sures de I'Espagne. ~~' * "^
Je ne puis nie rappel'.er le souvenir de cette
ville, sans maudire les trois quarts et denii de
«es habitans. ^ "^
e ne uie plains pas de vous, r6 pond it le bon
vieillard ; je vous la dirai ni6nie, c'est
a regret que je ine vois dans le necessite de
vous nianquer de patole, Sc jc vous conjure de
me le pardoiuier.""' '-^
^ A COLLECTION OF TliOSE SOUNDS
JVlilch Foniirners find difficult to be pronounced.
II y a plus de vignobles en Bourgogne qu'en divisibilit6 de la inatiere nous donne rid6e de
Bretagne. Co procede est ignoniiuieux et in- rinfiiiite & de I'eternite. •
digue d'un Espagnoi. Essayez de me Irouver L'eleclricite etoit inconnue a rantiquit6.
un petit epagiieul, semblablc a celui de voire La felicity accompagne plus souvent la m6di-
fillo. Un ui;:i pasteur veille saas cesse sur sos ocrite que la superiority.
I could not help laughing at the foolish va
nity of my secretary, but I did not however op
pose him
That war became the sitbject of all the mea-
sures of Spain.
I cannot call that town to my remembrance^
without cursing nineteen of its inhabitants out
of twenty.
I do not complain of you, replied the good old
man ; I even confess it to you, it is with regret J
see myself in the necessity of breaking my word
with you ; and I beg of you to forgive it to me.
ouailles.
Meitfcz dans ce bouillon des feuilies de certe-
uil &. d'osc'ilie, Sc joigiiez y une goiisse d'ail. J'ai
passe une lieure dans le Mail, a faire une pariie
de quilles. Mon taiiJeur m'a dit que tons les
grands seigneurs etoient alors en deuil a Ver-
sailles.
Je m'amnsai la veille de Noel a consid6rer
Les artnees entreront mardi en eampagne.
Marchez, rustres, marchez, ne vous endormez
pas. C'est en forgeant que vous deviendrez for-
geton. Formez niieux ces letties rondez et ces
letires batardes, et ne barbouillfez pas taut de
papier. Mon agent a mon argent, tinant a moi
qui n'ai point d'argent, je n'ai pas besoin d'a-
gent. Prononcez les deux R des mots erreur,
une vieille Bourgnignone, qui jouoit de la vielle terreur, liorreur, irrito, terrible, erroime.
tranquillement assise au solcil sur le seuil de sa
porte. Essayez de bien prononcer I'amour & la
mort; des citrouilles & des grenouilles ; un clii-
onliargneux ; une abeille industrieuse. Ne b6-
gayez pas en disant une anguille et une aiguil-
le; 6gayant and 6gay6.
On confond aouvenl la simplicit6 avec la stu
Qnand un cordier cordant vout accorder sa
corde.
De sa corde a corder trois cordons il accorde;
Mais, si I'un des cordons de la corde decorde,
Le cordon, decordaiit fait d^corder la corde.
La compassion est une aftcction tendre. Les
factions desolent cette nation. L'ambition est
pidit<i,&. la regularity avec la singularit6. La une illusion qui conduit souvent a des actions
criminelles.
zu
SECTION II
Of Grammar in general
GRAMMAR is the art of reading, speaJting,
and writing a laiigua^e by rules
There are nine parts of speech ; llie article ;
the noun, or substantive; tlie ailjectivt*, or ad-
noun ; tlie pronoun ; the verb ; the adverb ; tiie
preposition ; the conjunction ; and the interjec-
tion.
1. The article declares a noun, and deter-
mines the extei.'t of its signification. Hence ar-
ticles are divided into definite, indefinite, and
partitive.
The word definite, in its literal acceptation,
signifies sometiiing hniited icitkin a knoicn space
— ^i'he word indefinite designs something icith-
oiit knoicn litnits—'rUa word partitive means
dinidin^r into parts.
In English, the is definite— a or an, and like-
wise some or any, \n the sense of wore or less, and
tchatrver, are indefinite— ^omf, in the sense of a
portion of, is partitive— 7Vtc milliner has sent
me the hat wliitli I bouglit yesterday — ^-J milli-
ner has shown to nie a hat of a new fashion-
Here are fine oranges, will you liave any ? Yes,
I will buy sowtc- Here is a fine orange, will you
have any ? Yes, I will be obliged to you forsDWC.
Give me some bread. Give me some apples.
2. A substantive expresses the idea of any
thing which we may t.)uch and see, or which
we may conceive existing by itself — A table, l.'ie
aun, Virtue anirt/cp, are siiijstantives.
Substantivis may be divided into proper, com-
mon and abstract nouns.
A substantive prnpcr, strictly speaking, only
belongs toonep:rs'»nor one thing, and names it
—Shiik.^peare, t{,>nter; Shakspeare's Othello;
Homer's Iliad.
A substantive common lM;long3 to more than
one obji'ct. Tree, bird, flower, oak, sparrow,
pink, are substantives common.
A substantive ahsimct expresses an object
which is only conceived by the mind, without
falling under any of the senses — Virtue, vice,
ffiiod-nature, and peevishness, are substantives
abstract; for, though we may know and see
virtuous, viciiius, good-natured, and peevish
men, we never saw virtur, vice, good-nature,
and peevishness, but only conceive Iheni by the
power of our mind, a<3 particular habits which
render men virtuous or vicious, good-natured or
peevish.
Nouns may liave either a singular or a plural
meaning, which grammarians ca 1 number—
There are two numbers—the singular ai.d plural.
Tile singular designs one — .in apple, a pen, a
vian, are in the singular number.
Tl\e plural designs many, or more than one —
Two apples, ten pens, a hundred men, are all in
the plural number.
There are lour genders in English — Mascu-
line, feminine, neuter, and conunon.
Tiie masculine belongs to all males— j3 man,
a horse, are masculine.
The feminine belongs to all females— j3 uo
man, a tigress, are femiinne.
Tiie neuter in English belongs to inanimate
objects— .5 table, a pen, are neuter.
The common belongs to tlie order of males
ami females— CA/W, chicken, thief, are of the
common gender.
3. An adjective or adnoun, expresses a parti-
cular quality ascribed to a substantive — A good
man, a bad man, a studious man, a lazy man—
The words good, bad, studious, and lazy, ex-
press the particular quality which belong to
such or such a man.
Adjectives, according to tlie extent of theit
signification, take the name o( positive, compa-
rative, and superlative.
An adjective, in its natural state, is in the posi-
tive degree— Sophia is studious andobliging.
An adjective in a state either of increase, dimi-
nution, or equality, is in the comparative degree
—Hence comparatives are divided into compara-
tives nf superiority, inferiority, and equality.
A comparative of sufjeriority has for its sign,
the word more, or an ending in er, equivalent
to more — Cecilia is more studious, and wiser
than her sister.
A comparative of inferiority has for its sign,
the word I'ss, followed by than, or the word so
with a negation followed by as— You are less
studious titan your brother. You are not so at-
tentive as you used to be.
The comparative of equality has for its sign,
the word as, followed by a.s— She is as good-
natured as her mother.
An adjective in its most e.xtensive meaning, is
in the superlative decree, and has for its sign ihc
word most, or an ending in est, equivalent to
mo3l— Your sister is the inosi prudent woman 1
know. — He is ti^e proudest, and the most trifling
man in London.
4. A pronoun is a word whicli is used instead
of a noun, to avoid a troublesome and unliarnio-
nious repetition.
Pronouns are divided into — Per.foval, posses-
sive, demonstrative, relative, and indeterminate.
—A complete list of all the pronouns is given in
the following section ; our end liere is only to
give definitions and explain them.
Personal pronouns, as the word designs It ful-
ly, represent the names of persons—/ was yes-
terday with your sister ; she was speaking of 7/o?<,
when your brother came up to us ; we convened
with him, and he invited us to his house.
l'o.ssessive pronouns denote possession or pro-
perty— Your horse is stouter than mine, is a con-
cise way of saying: the horse whieh you possess
is stouttr than the horse which J jfossess.
Demonstrative jironouns point out the objects
of our observation or discourse, and clearly dis-
tinguish them from any other object— 7V//s boy
is more attentive than that girl. — These pens aie
better than those.
Relative pronouns show a reference to some
substantives which either precede, or follow them.
—The man who lives with me, and whom you
know. The poji zchieh I cave to your brother.
The grammar that 1 read. Which of these roses
do you like best /—All pronouns, absolutely sjjeak-
ing, have a relative signification, but irku, that,
and which, are those which are properly called
relative pronouns.
The indeterminate or indefinite pronouns de-
note their object in a general, vague, and uncer-
tain manner — One cannot always be happy—
Somcboily knocks at the door— 07<e and somebody
dentuc no particular object, and so they are in-
determinate.
5. The subject or numinntire of a verb is the
word which afiects the verb, and «letermines its
person atsd number—/ read ; we love ; your sis-
ter sings ; your brothers play.
The object or ninmcn of a verb, is the word
which receives its action— I know your brother ;
he lo\ es you , he will sing a sovfr.
A verb is a part of speech which signifies to
he, to ilo, or tc suffer ; that is to say. the verb ex-
presst-s either the nctunl state of persons and
tilings, the actions which Ihiy do. or ihe ivjirri.-
sions they receive — VVe an- free: hf l.eionns
proud. We ;>ra/.<r candour : \ hate double de.Tl-
ing. Tiiars ure dispistd ; viriuous men liave been
fvmetimes^ vvriik.
Hence tin- natural division of vcr) s into swi-
ftmitire-^ active, and pa.s;firc verbs.
A verb substantive denotes what kind of union
subsists between a subject and its attribute. To
be is the only real verb substantive — Your bro-
ther is obedient ; your brother will be rich ; that
laan is not sincere ; your brother icas not guilty.
A veib active declares an action, doing, done,
or to be done — I praise you ; we reprimanded
him ; we will examine his conduct.
A xexb passive expresses the impression of an
action which an object is receiving, has receiv-
ed, or will receive — He is haled ; your sister tea*
praised; he will be reprimanded— licwQe it ap-
pears, that the ditierent tenses of the veib to be,
joined to a participle, form a xi^vh passive.
Besides this general division, verbs receive the
names of auxiliary or helping, reflected, recipro-
cal, neuter, personal, drj'ective, regular, and »>•
7egular.
The verbs to be and to have, are called auxilia-
ry or helping veibs, because they Jielp to conju-
gate all other verbs in many tenses— 1 have dined ;
jou are praised ; we will have sung ; he should
be corrected.
A verb nfiected is a verb active, the subject
and object of which are the same— //c praises
himself; I hurl myself; you wiW rum yourself.
A verb reciprocal is a verb active, the subject
and object of which are not the same ; but as in
the refiected, they have a mutual action upon
one another. Hence it follows tliat a verb rc«-
procal is always in the jdural ntunber — Jf'elove
one another : they write to one another.
A verb neuter has no regimen— He /tW down ;
she runs well.
All verbs which maybe conjugattd with three
persons in the singular, and three in ihe |)lural,
are called personal— I write; thou writest ; he
writes; we write ; yr write ; tlicy write.
A verb impersonal is only C(»iijugaie(i with the
pronoim //,, in the tJiird id-rson singular— /< rains;
it will snow ; it concerns you.
A verb difectivr rannot l'o through the usual
variations ofother verbs— »/lA7//////..<, m< thought.
A verb rrgulnr agrees with the uMial form;*-
tion of V(!rbs— / praise ; I prai.-^f d ; I hare prais-
ed ; I luve ; I lurid; / have lored.
A verb irregvlir does not agree with the usual
formation of verbs— / ^o. / wint, I have gone; I
speak, I spoke, I have spoken-
Verbs have moods, tenses., pei sons, and num
hers.
A mood is Ihe distinct manner of exprpssing
the various powers of a verb— Thcfe are four
modds: the infinitive, the indicntivc, the suh-
junctivi, and the niipcrutivc.
XIV
The mood infiniticc declares the power of the
verb io its most extensive sigaitication — it is pro-
fitable, to study, to converse, and to reflect. Tlie
wonls to study, to converse, and to reflect, set
no limits to the ideas of study, conversation, and
reflection, but leave theui iu a boundless signifi-
cation.
The mood indicative declares in a direct man-
ner what a subject is, does, or suliers, without
standing in need of a conjunction— Foa are
happy; your sister has been, is, and will be loved
by every body. I now read AnacharsLs, and 1
icill soon jn-.ike an extract of it.
The mood subjunctive, likewise called con-
junctive and optative, cannot have a meaning
without the help of a conjunction. Its literal
meaning is a complete delinition; it is a mood
dependant on a conjunction, either expressed or
understood.— T/wu Of A the rich be powerful, they
cannot avoid diseases, and bribe deaih. I wish*
your brother may come in tuue, (* that is under-
stood.)
The mood imperative expresses a command,
or a desire— y^ead your lesson. Sit down by me.
J.,et him speak. Let us take a walk.
All the objects of our tlioughts are either in a
past, present, or future time— Hence verbs have
three tenses, the present, the past, and the fu-
ture, which remain sufficiently expressed by
their literal denomination, without any other de-
finition — / speak, I am speaking, is a present
tense ; I spoke, I have spoken, is a past tense; /
toUl speak, I will be speaking, is a future tense.
Those three chief tenses are susceptible of su-
bordinate divisions, as will be seen in tlie para-
digm of conjugations.
Verbs, like nouns, Jiave a singular and a plu-
ral number. Each number has three persons ;
/, thou, he, she, or a substantive for the singular :
we, you, they, a substantive, or many substan-
tives for the pluial — / read, thou readcst, he
reals, Huphia reads ; we read, ye read, tfiey ready
the boys read, Jilury and Jane read — Modern po-
liteness will have, in writing and conversing, the
second person plural used instead of the second
person singular.
6. The adverb is a word joined to a verb, to
determme the extent of its signification— For
example, if I say : you run, you study, you write;
I only present to the hearer the ideas of motion,
study, and writing-. But if I make use of ad-
verbs, and say: you run fast; you study care-
Leasly ; you write elegantly; the adverbs /a^f,
carelessly, and elegantly, measure, as it were, the
parts which arc taken out of the boundlcs?
meaning, to run, to study, to write.
An adverb is often formed of many words,
and is then called an adnerb compound — You run
with grace ; that is to say, gracefully.
The same word may be taken adverbially in
a sentence, and be a preposition in another — Vou
walk after me, and you should run before me
I will go before, if you promise to come after.
In such curcumstances the adverb is easily dis-
tinguished from the preposition ; for the latter
has always a regimen, and the former has none
Indeed, those adverbs in appearance, are real
prepositions with the ellipsis of a regimen.
Thus, in the preceding sentence, the complete
sense is : I will go before you, if you promise to
come after me.
7. A preposition is an indeclinable word, put
before a noun or a pronoun, to govern it, and
show the relation it has to other parts of the
sentence— I have lived near your house during
three months, and I never had the pleasure of
being in your company before this moment —
Tile piepositions luar, during, in, before, con-
nect the relations which vicinity, sociablenesa,
and time have to one another.
8. A conjunction is an indeclinable part of
speech, which unites the dift'eroJit meanings of
various words, or part of a sentence, into one
general complete sense— 1 saw your father and
mother yesterday, and neithcT he nor she would
believe that you could read as well as your bro-
ther ; but, though they are so hard to be persuad-
ed, they will at length believe me, when they
liear you read.
9. An interjection is an indeclinable word
which serves to declare joy, surprise, fear, grief,
aversion, desire, and other sudden emotions of
the mind, which no connected sentence could ex-
l)ress — .lias ! dear mc '. bless us ! oh ! fy ! pshaw f
zounds! and such like expressions, are called in-
terjections. There are emotions of the mind
so lively, and so very sudden, that every body
wiU at that time make use of interjections ; but
too frequent a use of them, iu a deliberate
way of speaking, is a sure mark of ignorance
atTtctalion, and a dearth of words. Hence we
see that illiterate people abound most in inter-
jecUons, and in that worst kind of them which
is called swearing.
VVe finish tnis section with observing, that in
order to avoid repetitions, or an unharinonioua
style, words necessary to the grammatical con
suuction of a sentence ar^ often omitted ; and
XV
fhat omission is, by grammarians, called ellip- taken out of Jlilton's Paradise Lost, points out
sui The asterisk, in the following examples, the ellips^is.
O earth, how like to heaven *: (* thou art)
Nor love thy life, nor hale *; but what thou livest, (* it)
Live well ; how long, or short *, permit to heaven. (* it is to be)
Greedily she ingorged * without restraint, (* the fruit)
And knew not * eating death. (* that she was)
Grace was in all her steps, heaven * in her eye, (* was)
In every gesture * dignity and love ! (* were)
The earth gave signs of gratulation, and each hill *; (*gave siffns of gratulation)
Joyous ♦ the birds, (,* were)
But who I was, or where *, or from what cause *, (* I was, I came)
* Knew not : to speak I tried, and forthwith * spake. (* /, /)
There are few compound sentences without an ellipsis; and as it may attach to any part or
speech, it is very necessary, for the gramjnatical analysis of a sentence, to read it carefully, and ob-
serve where the ellipsis takes place.
SECTION m.
A COMPREHENSIVE VIEW
Of the several Parts of Speech in French and English.
The chief end of tliis section is to present at one view, those words which occur in eveiy line of
a book, and constitute at least one-third, and often the half of each sentence. Whoever will take
the trouble of learning them well, (which may be done in a short time,) will very soon be able to
read French books with ease and pleasure.
We shall consider the parts of speech in the following order: Articles; accidents peculiar to
Substantives and Adjectives; Pronoims; Verbs; Prepositions; Conjunctions; Adverbs, and In-
terjections.
Abbreviations used in the following Pages,
ms. masculine singular fp feminine plural
mp. masculine plural cs. masculine and feminine singular
fs. feminine singular cp. masculine and feminine plural.
N. B. For Definitions consult Section II.
OF THE ARTICLES.
Definite Article, masculine lingular, before a Consonant, or an h aspirated.
Le, du, ou ; Le pere, du pere, au pere ; father
the, of or from the,to the; liC h6ros, du h6ros, au h6ros ; hero
Definite Article, feminine singular, before a Covsonant, or an h aspirated.
La, de la, a la ; La nifre, de la nierp, :i la nic re ; mother
the, of or from the, to the; La haiiie, de la haine, a la haine ; hatred
Definite Article, singular, before a row/l, or av h vnitr..
I/, del', A I'; "L'aniour, do rninnur, a i'arpo'ir; lev*
the, of or from the, to the; L'eiivic, de l>nvip, a I'envie; euvy
The apostrophe stands for e before masculine L'homnie, do I'liDnmie, .i rhonnne ; man
and for a before feminine nouns. L'heure, de I'licure, a flieure ; hour
Definite Article, plural, before any Kovn.
L«", des, aux ; Los fi's, des fi!s, aux fits ; sons
the, of or from the, to the Les titles, des filles, nux filks ; davghtcrt
Les amis, des amis, aux anils; friends
Du,
Au,
Des,
Aux,
for
dele
a le
de les
a les
Du, ms.
Dela,p.
HeV^cs. before avoro-
el or h mute
Des, cp.
De, cs. and cp. before
adjectives
D', cs- and cp. before
adjectives beginning
with a vowel, or h
mute
some; any; apart
of.
N. B. Some is often
understood in Eng-
lish.
Make always use of the contraction, and ne
ver write or say : dc le, a le, de les, d les.
Indefinite partitive.
( Donnez-moi du pain ; give me some bread.
II a de la viande : he has some meat.
II a de r argent, & de Thuinanit^ ; he has money
humanity.
Elle a des tils & des filles ; sons, daiLghters.
i J'ai de bon pain ; de bonne eau ; de bons amis;
dc bonnes pomines ; I have good bread, water,
friends, apples.
II a d'excellent vin ; d'excellentespoirfes ; he has
wine, pears.
Proper J^ames are declined with the prepositions de and a.
Les livres de Sophie ; j'ai parl6 a C6cile & a Einilie ;
The books of Sophia. I have spoken to Cecilia and Emilia.
Les Merits de Voltaire ; 11 6crivit a Marmontel, &. a Rousseau;
The works of Voltaire. he wrote to Marmontel and Rousseau.
Les rues de Paris & de Londres ; il deineure a Rome ;
The streets of Paris and I^ondon. he lives at Rome.
FORMATION OF THE PLURAL OF NOUNS
je bon livre, les bons livrea ; look
NOUNS, either adjective or substantive, form
their plural by the addition of an s to the sin-
gular.
Observe 1st. Nouns ending in s, x, or r, in the
singular, never change that termination.
La bonne fille, les bonnes filles ; girl
2. Nouns ending in ail and al, form their plu-
ral by changing ail and al intoajtx.
Le fils, les fils ; son
La croix, les croix ; cross
lie nez, les nez ; nose
Le travail, lesiravaux ; work
Le cheval, les chevaux ; horse
Un 62al, des eganx ; equal
3 Nouns ending in au, eu, ou, and ieu, require Le bateau, les bateaux ; le feu, les feui ; le bl
an z in the plural. jou, les bijoux; le lieu, les lieux ; boat, fire,
jewel, place
4. Nouns of more than one syllable, ending in Un enfant ob6issant, des enfans ob^issans; obe-
nt, are cnmmonly written without «, in the pin- dient thild; chiUren
ral; but they always take .<?, according to the ge- Un serpent, des serpens ; serpent
nerni rule.
Monosyllables ending in nt, never lose their t, Une dent, des dents ; tooth, teeth
in the plural. II est lent, ils sont lents ; slow
JVouns which deviate from the preceding Rules, or which cannot be uniformly classed.
Bleu, trou, cou, clou ; blue, hole, neck, nail
Filou, fou,matou, hibou; sharper, madman, male cat, owl
Mou, licou, loiip-garou ; soft, halter, hobgoblin
Take s in the plural, contrary to the third ob- Tout has tOHS for its masculine pi. 10119 Im
tcrcatum.
Bal, camaval, pal, r^ca^, bocal ; and proper
names in al, when used in th^ plural sense, take
an f in tlu plural, contrary to the second obser-
vation.
hommes; all men
Hull, carnival, pale in heraldry, a treat, a d»-
canter — Le crand Annibal; les Annibals son!
rares aujourd'hui ; such men as Hannibal art
uncommon now.
xvii
Atlirai!) camail, detail ; Jlpparatvs, priest's cloak, particular
Eveiitail, epouvantail, gouvernail ; Fan, scarecrow, helm
Mail, portail, s6rail; form their plural in 8, Mall, larg-e gate of a church, seraglio
contrary to the second observation.
The following JVouna are quite irregular.
Betail, 5. bestiaux, pi. cattle; ceil, s. yeux, pi. eye; aieul, s. grandfather; aieux, pi. ancestors;
ciel, s. cieux, pi. heaven.; ail, s. aulx, pi. garlic; mon, ton, son, s. rues, tes, sos, jil. viy, thy, his,
or her.
Cicl has dels for its plural, when it signifies the tester of a bed, or the clouds in a picture. (Eit
has mils for its plural, wlien it means an oval window — Other minute exceptions are carefully no-
ticed in tJie Dictionary.
FORMATION OF THE FEMININE GENDER OF ADJECTIVES.
N. B. Observe that We say adjectives, and not adjectives and suistaTiUwes.— Substantives never
vary, but to form their plural.— Beginners often fall into the error of adding an e to all the substan-
tives feminine tliey have occasion to employ.
Ali adjectives ending with e without accent, Un homme aimable, une femme aimable ; dep
commonly called muic, have the masculine and hoinnies ou. des fenimes ahnables; man, wo-
feminine alike. ?nnn, men, women, amiable
Other adjectives generally take an c mute to Un homme savant, hardi, prndeni; une femuiC
form iheir feminine.
savante, hardie, prudente ; learned, bold, pru-
dent.
Blanc, blanclie, white; franc, franche, sincere;
sec, seclie, dry; grec, grecque, grecian; pub-
lic, publique, public; turt, turque, turkish;
caduc, caduque, injirm.
Adjectives ending in/, change it into »e to Un homme oisif, vif, naif; une femme oisive,
Observe 1st. Of the adjectives in c, some
change c into che, and some others into que, to
form ilieir fenunine.
form their fenunine.
:i. Adjectives in ear and eux, change those
termmaiions into eusc. for the feminine.
4. Adjectives in I, with e, u, or ei before I,
double iliat final I, and take an e mute — The
o'liers only take an e to form their feminine.
5. Of the adjectives ending in n, those only
double #1 in their feminine, which have o before
n, or end in icn — The others only take e.
6 7'hp adjectives ending in t, with an e or o
before it, double the t, and take e for their fe-
minine — The others only take e.
Vive naive ; indolent, lindii, candid.
Un homme heureux, trompeur ; une femme hcu-
rense, tronipeuse ; happy, deceitful.
Crue!, cruelle, cruel; nul, nulle, not one; pared,
pareille, alike.
Gentil, genteel, has gentille for its feminine.
Un bon honnne ; un livre ancien ; une bonne
femme ; I'liistoire ancienne ; good, ancient, his-
tory
Net, nettc, clean; sot, sotte, foolish. Secret,
complet, and decot do not double t, but only
take e; secrete, complete, devote.
jSdjectives which deviate from the preceding Rules, or cannot be uniformly classed.
Bas, 771. basse, /. low; 6pais, epaisse, thick;
cxpres, expresse, precise; las, lasse, tired; gras,
grasse, fat; gros, grosse, bii>-; b6nin, b6nigiie,
mild; malin, maligne, malicious; long, longue,
long; doux, douce, sweet, mild; frais, fraiche,
frtsh; roux, rousse, reddish; faux, fausse,/aZsc;
jaloux, jalouse, jealous; absous, absoute, ab-
solved; dissous, dissoute, dissolved; favori, favo-
lite, darling, favorite.
Mou, m. molle, /. soft, indolent; fou, folle, mad,
foolish; beau, Itelle, handsome, fine; nouveau,
nouvelle, new) vieux, vieille, old, are formed.
Un coeur has, une ame basse ; mon f re re est las,
ma soeur est lasse ; un boeuf gras, une vaclie
grasse ; un gros homme, une grosse femme;
un naturel benin, une humour btnigne ; un
homme faux & jaloux ; une femme fausse &.
jalouse ; un auteur favori, une chanson favo-
rite — You may have the plural, in following
the rule for the formation of plural; F.x. has,
basse. Sing, has, basses, pi. long, longue, Sing.
long, longues, Si-c.pl.
Un homme mou, de la cire molle -.—{mul is out
of use)— II est fou, un fol amusement, elle
est folle ; un beau chapeau, un bel homme.
XVIU
from mol, fol, bel, nouvcl, vieil, which are used une belle feniine ; un nnuvcau desseiii, us
before a vowel or an h mute. Vieux, however, nouvel accident, une mode nouvelle ; un vieux
viay be used before a vowel ; un vieil ainif or un cheval, un vieil ami, une vieille uialson.
vtrax ami.
Bui the masculine plural is always formed from Un bel homme, do beaux hommes; un nouvel
ihe masculine singular net ending in I. accident, de nouveaux accidi:us.
Comparatives in cur, form their feminine by the Un meillcur roi, une nieiileure reine ; un g6nj*
addition of an e, amtrary to the third observation ; sup6rieur, une fortune superieure ; un lieu i»-
meilleur, mcillctire; supericur, aupericure, &c. ferieur, une partie inferieure.
OF THE PRONOUXS.
Pcrsojial Pronouns.
We divide tire personal pronouns into three classes — The first consists of those which govern lh«
verbs; the second of those which are governed by the verbs; and the third of tliose which are go-
verned by prepositions— Some of them, as it will appear, are CiiuaUy governing and governed.
Personal Pronouns governing Verbs.
Je, cs. I; Je Up, j'ecris, je chante ; f reid, write, sing
Moi, cs. I; Vous â– &. moi nous somnies contens ; you and I are satisfied [supped
Nous, cp. wc, Nous dtijeunames, nous dinames, nous souiifimes ; we breakfasted^ dined^
Tu, cs. thou; - Tu danses, tu joucs, tu dors ; thou dancest, plaijcst, sleepcst
Toi, cs. thou; Toi qui fais T insolent, qui es-tui thou who spcahest so loud, who art thou?
Vous, cs. ami cp. ye ox Vou-< mangez, vous buvez; you eat, drink
you;
II, ms. he; it; II 6tudie, ii parie, il pleul ; he studies, he speaks, tt rains
Lui, ins. he; Voiis n'dles pas amis vous & liii ; you and he are not friends
E\\e,fs. she; it; E!le viendra, elle lonibra (la mai??on,) she will cone, it will fall {the house)
lis, mp. they; I!s ont des amis ; they hace friends
Elles, /;>. iii-;y: Elles sont polies ; they are civil
On, c.-.-. one; th'-y: we; On aime a 6tre houreux ; one likes, we men, people like to be happy; oa dit j
pnnple; men: it i:-.>^c. it is said
Personal pronouns governed by Verbs.
Me, C3. mc; H me connoit; he knows me
Me, to me; Vous me parlez ; you speak to me
Moi, es. me; Sacourez-moi ; help me
Moi, to me; ' Parlezmoi Francois; speak FVench to w-e
Nous, cp. us; II nous estime ; he esteems us
Nous, to us; II nous paria ; he spoke to hs
Tc, cs thcr; Je te connois; I know thee
rv.,^to thee; II te parle ; he speaks to thee
Vous, cs. r.p. yon; Nous vous aimo:is ; we love you
Vous, to yon; Nous vous parlerons; we will speak to yon
Jiui, m.t. to him; Vous lui parlates; you spoke to him
ii:ii. f.i- to her; Nous lui (icrivimes; we wrote to her
Lc, in.i. him; Je le respecte; I respect him
l.a, /*. A-jr; Je la connois ; / knoui her
L.'S, cp. them: Nous les aimons ; loc /ooe tAcm 1
Ijeur, ep. to Uum; Je leur parlerai ; Pll speak to them >mcn or women
â– ?e, cs. ic >~p. Himself, herself, themselves )
F.u, cs. & cp. Of it, of him, of her, of them
V, cs. & cp. To it, to him, to her, to them, here, there
Personal Pronouns governed by Prepositions
Ao\, es me: Devaiit moi, apres moi ; before, after
»«ous, cp. ^is; Avec nous, aans nous ; with, without
X13
Toi, c8. thee; Pour toi, loin de toi ; /or, far from
Vous, cs, cp. you; Malgr6 vous; in spite of you
Lui, ms. him; Derriere lui, vers lui ; behind towards
Elle, fs. her; Pres d'elle, aupres d'elle ; near her
Eux, mp. them; Au-dessous d'eux; below them
EUes, fp. them; Au-dessus d'elles ; above them »
Soi, cs. one's self; Prendre garde a soi ; to take care of one's se\f
POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS.
Conjunctive possessive pronouns.
Mon, ms. ^ Mon livre, mon cheval ; book^ horse
Ma, fs. \ my; Ma plume, ma maison ; pen, house
Mes, cp. J Mes freies, mes soeurs; brothers, sisters
Ton, 7n5. 1 Ton courage, Ion pays; courage, country
Ta,/i. > thy; Ta vertu, la bont6 ; virtue, kindness
Tes, cp. S Tes onc.'es, tes tantes ; uncles, aunts
Son, 7715. \ his; Son pere, son cheval ; father, horse
Sa, /5. \ her; ^^ Yoh9,,sa.i\iY>e; gown, petticoat
Ses, cp. J its; Scs roues, ses rayons ; wheels, spokes
Notre, C5. ) ^. Noire roi&. noire reine; Amo-, ^ueen
Nos, rp. \ °^^' Nos cousins, noscousjnes; cousins
Voire, cs. \ Voire niari, voire Spouse ; husband, wife
Vos, cp. (^ J I- > Vos fils, vos filles ; sons, daughters
Leur, C.9. I th ' • I-'f^ur j^"li'ii 'eur maison ^^art/e/j, Aomsa
Leurs, cp. j ' Leiirs arb-.es. leurs tleurs ; tj-ces, flowers
N. B. Mon, ton, son, are used instead of ma, ta, sa, before a noun feminine, beginning with «
vowel or an h nmte, to avoid a harsh articulation. Ex. Mon ainiti6, 77ty friendship; ma sincere
nimliQ, my sincere friendship; low \(\?,o\nncc, thy insolence; ta grande insolence, fAy extre77ie ijwo-
le)ice; son histoire, his history; sa savante hisioire, his learned history.
Observe also, that all possessive Pronouns, either conjunctive or relative, but more clearly those
of the third jjcrson, agree, in English, with the po.sses3or of a thing, and in French witli the thing
possessed. Many mistakes will he avoided by attending to this observation. Ex. II aime sa femme,
safllle & ses soeurs ; he luoes his wife, his daughter, and hia sisters. Elle aime son mari, son fils,
& ses freres; she loves her husband, her son, and her brothers. 'i9ire frere a perdu son couteau
& sa bourse ; your brcth'r has lost his knife and his purse. Votro soeur a perdu son couteau &c sa
bourse ; j/our sister has lost her knife and hur purse.
Relative possessive Pronouns.
Le mien, ms \ ( Voire livre & le mien ; book
La niienne, sf f • ) Voire plume & la mienne •, pen
Les miens, mp. C ""'"^•' ^ Ses agneaux & les miens ; I'dmb
Les miennes,/jj. 1 ' Seschevres & les miennos; goat
Le tien, ms. \ ( Mon canif & le lien ; penknife
La tienne, /.!*. f thine- } ^^* '^^V"" ^ '^ tienne; /cs.9<77i
Les liens, mp. I ' \ Ses crayons & les liens ; pencils
Les tiennes, /p. ; ' Ses tulipes & les tiennes ; tulips
Le sien, 771s i ( Mon chapeau & le sien ; hat
La sienne,/.?. f his and ) Ma rnonire & la sienne ; watch
Lea siens, »7i;j i hers; j Mes bas & les siens ; stockings
Les siennes, /p ) ' Mes manchelte8&.les siennes; ri/j^c*
Le nfttre, ms ) ( Votre laquais & le notre; footman
La nOtre, fs. > ours; < Voire servante & la noire ; maid
Les natrt^,,«j». ) ( Vos cousins &. les ii6tres • cousin
XX
Le votre, ms. ) ( Mon 6ventail& le votre ; fan
Le votre, ms. ) ( Mon eventauac le voire ; jan
La votre, /5. > yours; < Ma labatiere & la voire ; snuffbox
Les volres, cp. ) ( Mes souliers k. les votres ; shoes
Le leur, vis. i ( Jvotre pays &l le leur ; country
La leur, fs. )â– theirs; < Noire arniee &c la leur ; army
Iie« leurs, cp. ) ( Nos chevaux & les leurs ; hors
liGS leurs, cp. ) ( Nos chevaux & les leurs ; horses
RELATIVE PRONOUNS.
Although all Pronouns have a relative signification, the followini,' ones are more peculiarlj so
called — They are of both genders and numbers, except lequcl and quel that are declined.
Qui ; who, tchom, thai, that ichich
due; icftom, that, vrhat, how! icky?
Dont ; whose, of whom, of which
Quoi ; which, what! what? (never said of persons)
Oii ; at which, in which, (ou without accent, or, either,)
Quel ; ms. quelle,/.*, quels, mp. queiles,/p. what— It is always joined to its substantive.
Lequel, laquelle, lesquleJs, lesquelles, duquel, &c. which
Application of the Relative Pronoun*
L'homme qui vous parle ; the man who speaks to you
La feinme qui vient d'enlrer ; the woman who just came in
Qui deniandez-vous ici ; whom do you want here
Les choses qui me plaiseiit; the things that I like
Apres qui courez-vous 1 whom du you run after
De qui parlez-vouji ; whom are you speaking of
L'homme que j'estime ; the man whom I esteem
La fenmie que vous voyez ; the woman whom you see
Les chevaux que j'ai ; the horses that I have
Que vous etes aimabie ! hou! amiable you are
Que n'est-il plus sage ? why is he not wiser
La dame dont je parle ; the latly ichom I speak of •
Les hommes dont vous parlez ; the men whom you speak of
L'argent dont j'ai besoin ; the mcneij that I want
Les lois dont il d<^pend ; the laics on which he depends
La granimalre dont je parle ; the gramviar of which I speak
A quoi pensez-vous ? what are you thinking of
De quoi parlez-vous? what are you speaking of
Le but oii j'aspire ; the point which I aim at
Le siecic oQ nous vivons ; the age wc live in
D'oii vient votre frere ? whence dots your brother come
Quel livre lisez-vous ; what hook di> yuu read
De quelle femme parlez-vous 7 what woman do you speak of
Quels sont vos sentirnens 1 what arc your sentiments
Quelles ^tranges nouvellcs? what strange news arc these
Lequel aimez-vous lemieux de ces deux tabieaui 1 which of these two pictures do you lik* ottiJ
Avtrf. laquelle de ces dames avez-vous dans6 1 with which of those ladies did you dance?
DEMONSTRATrV'E PRONOUNS.
Ce, ms. (before a consonant) this, that; Ce chapeau ; this, that hat
Cel. ms. (before a vowel or an h nmie) Cet homme, cet oiseau ; this man, that bird
this, that;
Ceue,f3. this, that; Cette ann6e, this year
Ces, cp. these, those; Ces hommes, ces femmes ; men, women
N. B. Ce, cet, cetle, ces, are always joined to a noun.
Celui qui, he who; Celui qui parle ; he who speaks
Ceile qui, she who; Celle qui chanle ; s/ie who sings •
Ceux qui, Ihey who;
Celles qui, they who;
Celui-ci, VIS. this;
Celui-la, ms. that;
Ceux-ci, mp. these;
Ceux-la, those;
Celle-ci,/s. this;
Celle-la, that;
Celles-ci, fp. these;
Celies-Ia, those;
Ce qui, ms. thai which;
Ce que, ms. that which;
Ceci, ms. this, this iking;
Cela, vis. that, that thing;
Ceux qui travaillent ; work
Celles qui chanlent ; sing
Prenez celui-ci ; take this
Vendez celui-la , sell that
Prenez ceux-ci ; take these
Vendez ceux-la ; sell those
Gardez celli-ci ; keep this
Donnez celle-la ; give that
Gardez celles-ci ; keep these
Donnez celles-la ; give those
Ce qui plait; that which pleases
Ce que je dis ; that which I say
Prenez-ceci ; take this
^.v., ,..„. .. , .,.„. --'"6, Donnez-uioi cela; give me that
N. B. a and la are added, to point at the object more forcibly, or to mark the distance. Ez.
Voyez-vous ces livresl prenez ceux-ci, & laissez ceux-la; Do you see those books? take these here
and leave those. Prenez celui-ci, &, je prendrai celui-la ; take the nearest, and I will take the far-
thest.
INDETERMINATE OR INDEFINITE PRONOUNS.
( ce qui is always the tubjeei,
< and cc que always the object
io{\'
' the verb.
Chaque, cs. each, every; {is al-
ways joined to a noun.)
(Jhacun, S7n. chacune, fs. each;
(is never joined to a noun with-
out the preposition de)
Q,uelque, cs. quelques, cp. some;
{is always joined to a noun)
(iuelqu'un, vts. quelqu'une, fs.
quclques-uns, mp. quelques-unes,
fp. some one, some ones; {is ne-
ver joined to a noun without the
preposition de)
Quiconque, cs. whoever;
Quelconque, cs. any, whatever;
rersoniio, with ne, ms. nobody;
Personne, ms. any body;
On, cs. one, somebody, thaj, we,
people, ?«e«— And it is oftener
chanced into a passive verb.
En, cs. and cp. of it, of him, of
mr, of them, any, some, like, in,
away, d,-c.
I am aware that these two useful particles do not properly belong to tlie indeterminate pro
nouns, iior even can be considered as pionouns in many of their meanings; but as they generjilly
have no settled significatiori of themselves, unless their antecedents be ascertained, I thought they
njjght, without any great impropriety, bo classed among the indeterminate parts of speech.
OF THE FRENCH VERBS.
The au.xiliary verb AVOIR, to have, to possess.
INFINITIVE MOOD.
'Present, avoir; Qerund, a-y^ni;
to have paving
Chaque pays, chaque mode ; every country has its customs
Chaque homme, chaque femme ; man, woman
Chacun le dit ; every one says «o— chacune de ces femmes ; each
of these women
Quelque traitre vous vendrn ; some traitor will betray you — J'ai
quelqueamis; I have some friends
Quelqu'un viendra; somebody will coTWC—Parlez a quel'qu'unc
de ces dames ; speak to one of those Zadies— Quelques-uns de
ces homnies, quelques-unes de ces femmes ; some of those men,
those women
Quiconque le dit a tort ; whoever says so is wrong
Vn livre quelconque ; any book
Personne ne I'aime; nobody likes him
Personne le croit-il ? docs any body believe it?
On le dit ; one, somebody says so; wc, people say so; it is said
so — On halt les tyrans ; tyrants are hated
Y cs. and cp. to it, to him, to her, to them, to that, there, thither
Participle en, eue ; ens, eues.
bad ms. fs. mp. fn.
XXll
INDICATIVE MOOl) -J*
Present Tense, I have.
Compound Tcnset. ^
S. J'ai, I have; tu as, thoxi hast; il a, he has; elle a, sAc his; on a, o?/c .T'ai eii, I have had, S,-c. —
has; mon frere a, my brother has; Tlie compound tenses are
PL. Nous avon3, we Aace; vous avez, yp Aape; ils onl, t/te?/ Aace; elles firmed in adding tlie />ar
ont, they have; mes freres ont, mg brothers haoe. tjc'j;/e to the simple tenses.
Imperfect, I had.
J'avois, tu avois, iJ avoit ; nous avions, vous aviez, ils avoient— J'avois eu
Preterite or Definite Tense, I had (at such a time.)
J'eus, tu eus, il eut ; nous eiimes, vous eiices, ils eurent— J'eus eu
Future, I shall or will have.
J'aurai, auras, aura ; nous aurons, aurez, auront — J'aurai eu
Conditional, I would, could, should have.
J'aurois, aurois, auroit; nous aurions, auriez, auroient — J'aurois eu
SUBJUNCTIVE OR CONJUNCTIVE MOOD.
Present, that I have or may have.
Que j'aie, tu aies, il ait ; nous ayoas, vous ayez, ils aient — J'aie eu
Preterite, tliat I had or might have.
Que j'eusso, eusses, eut; nous eussions, eussiez, cussent — J'cusse eu
IMPERATIVE MOOD.
Alej have thou; qu'il ait, let him have; qu'clle ait, let her have; ayons, let us have; ayez, have yef
qu'ils aient, let them have.
The auxiliary Verh ETRE, to be, to exist.
INFINITIVE.
Eire, to 6e; ttunt, being; ayanltik, having been; 6t6, Jeen.
INDICATIVE. Compound Tense*.
I am. Je suis, tu es, il est; somnies, fetes, sont — J'ai 6l6
I was. J'6toi3, 6tois, 6toit; 6iions, 6tiez, ttoient, — J'avois 6t6
J was. Je fu3, fus, fut; fiirnes, futcs, furent — J'eus 6t6
J will be. Je serai, seras, sera ; rons, rez, ront — J'anrai3 6t6
/ wouJd be. Je serois, seroia, seroit ; serions, riez, roient — J'aurois 6t6
SUBJUNCTIVE.
TTiat Imaybe. Q,ueje8ois,soi9, soit; soyons, soyez, soient — J'aie 6t6
Thatlmightbe. Que jefusse, fusses, fut; 8sion,ssiez,»cnt— J'eusse fet6
LMPERATIVE.
Be thou. So\s, qu'il soit ; soyons, soyez, qu'ils soient.
Examples of ferbs used interrogatively and negatively.
Jim I? Suta-jel es-tu? est-il? mon frere esl-il? aim^s ? etis-vous aimes ? wjnt-ils aim6s ? mes
Bommes-nous 1 fetes- vous 7 sont-ils 1 mes freres freres soni-ils airaes ?
8ont-il9? Have J loved? Ai-je aim6 ? as-tu aimfe ? a-t-il
Havel? Ai-je 1 as-tu 1 a-t-il 1 mon frere a-t-ill aimfe 7 mon frere a-i-il ain)6 7 avons-nou»
Avons-nousi avez-vous7 ont-ils? mes freres aim6 7 avez-vous aime t ontils aim6 ? mes
ont-ils 1 freres ont-ils aimd- 7
.am I loved ? Snis-je aim6 7 cs-tu aim6 7 est-il / am not. Je ne suis pas, tu n'es pas, il n'est paa.
aim6 7 mon frere est-il aim6 7 Bommes-noua
ixili
hio!) frJre n'est pas; nous ne sommes pas,
vous n'etes pas, ils ne sont pas, me.s fieres ne
sont pas.
f k.ioe not. Je n'ai pas, tu n'as pas, il n'a pas,
uioii frere n'a pas; nous n'avoiis pas, vous
u'avez {las, ils n'ont pas, mes freres if ont pas.
f am not feared. Je ne suis pas craiiit, tu a'es
pas craint, il n'est pas ciaiiit, niou frere n'est
pascraiat; nous no soinmcs pas craints, vous
n'etes pas craints, ils ne sonl pas craints, mes
fteres ne sont pas craints.
f have not feared. Je n'ai pas craint, tu n'as pas
craiut; il n'a pas craint, mon frere n'a pa^
craint; itous n avons pas craint, vous n avez
pas craint, ils n'ont pas craint, mes freresn'onl
pas craint.
jim I not feared. Ne &ui3-je pas craint 1 n'es-tu
pas craint"? n'est-il pas craint 7 mon frere n'est-
il pas craint? ne somnies-nous pas craints?
n'etes-vous pas craints 1 ne sont-ils pas craints ?
mes freres ne sont-ils pas craints 1
Have I not feared. N'ai-je pas craint? n'as-tu
pas craint? n'a-t-il pas craint? mon frere n'a-
t-il pas craint? n'avons-nous pas craint? n'a-
vez-vous pas craint? n'ont-ils pas craint? mts
freres n'ont-ils pas craint? — Jlnd so of any verb.
Verbs endins; in e mute in the first person singular of the indicative, clianj^e it into e— J'aiine, /
looe; aim6-je 1 do I love ?
REMARKS ON THE FRENCH VERBS.
A verb is regular when all its tenses derive from the infinitive, or from the gerund ; theretbre tlie
conjugations in enir and evoir, usually classed among the regular verbs, are irregular
e admit, in this introduction, three regular conjugations.
1st. — in er, ant, 6, — donner, don riant, donne t'
ir, issant, i, — punir, punissant, puni
ir, ant, i, — sentir, sentant, senti
re, ant, u, — vendre, vendant, vendu
uire, uisant, uit, — conduire, conduisant, condui
indre, ignant, inl, — ^joindre, jolgnanl, joint
{ oitre, oissant, u, — paioitre, paroissant, paru
Many verb:?, -with these terminations, are however irregular, as wiiLlie seen afterwards.
e la;
2d. branching into
3d. branching into â–
All verbs, eitJ^er regular or irregular, agree together in forming the last syllable of most of their
tenses; as will clearly appearirom the following Paradigm, which nearly reduces all the conjuga-
tions to one.
PARADIGM,
To show the Similarity of the French Fcrbs, in the final Syllables.
INFINITIVE.
Present, er
ir, oir
re;
parle, agir, devoir, rendre
Gerund, ant, m all verbs ;
parlant.
agissant
&c.
Participle,
e, i, u.
t, 3,
parl6, a
„n, dil, fait, mis
*
fJe,
tu,
il;
nous,
vous.
ils;
LVDICATIVE.
e,
es,
e;
ons.
cz.
ent;
J'aiine, es, e
Present.
< s,
8,
t;
ons,
ez.
ent;
Je sens, s, t
u,
s,
<l;
ons,
ez.
ent ;
Je vends, s, d
X,
t;
ons,
ez.
ent:
Je veux, X, t
l.nperfect.
ois,
Ois,
oit;
ions.
iez„
oient;
Je donnois, je sentoia
r ai,
as,
a;
ames,
ates
erent;
Je donnai, j'aimai
reterite.
Sis,
is,
il;
lines.
lies,
irenl ;
J'agis, je fis
)us,
us,
ut;
umes,
fites.
urent ;
Je recus, je sus
Uus,
ins,
int;
i limes.
intes.
inrent;
Je tins, je vins
Future.
rai.
ras,
ra; .
rons.
rez,
rout;
Je devrai, j'aimerai
Conditional
rois.
rois,
roil;
ru)ns.
riez.
roieiit ;
Je deviois, j'aimerois
SUBJUNCTIVE. Pr.e,
es.
«f
io:is.
iez,
ent ;
J'aiine, je eente
Prk'erite.
sse,
sses.
t;
ssioiis.
ssiez,
ssenl ;
J'aimasse, je senlisse
IMPERATIVE
\ e, < quil
qu'ils
Donne,
qu'il d(
>nne
I Jo thou.
o _-~
i 9, |e
; oris,
ez, ent,
Lis,
qu'il list;
Some persois of the verbs avoir, ftre, aUcr, fait
Paradigm, as may be seen in their conjugation.
concaincrc, and raincrc, deviate from this
3LX1V
OF THE REGULAR CONJUGATIONS.
A regular verb keeps its radical letters through all its conjugation.
The radical letters of a verb are tliose which stand before Uie ending common to all the verbs
of the same conjugation. Thus, in donncr, ag-ir, the syllables donn and ng are the radical letters.
So that, wlien you want to conjugate a verb after a model given to you, observe which are the
radical letters of botli verbs, and add to the radical letters of your verb (according to the tense and
person you want) the ending which is after the radical letters of tJie model proposed to you. Ex.
Suppose I want the first person plural of etudier for the preterite, and that donner be the model
proposed to me in the grammar. I begin wiiJi observuig Uiat the conjugation being in er, the
radical letters of the verbs are eiudi and donn; I look at the conjugation of donner; and find donn-
dmes for tlie place required. I take dmes which stands after the radical letters, and I place it after
etudi, which gives me etudidmes, the word required. — This, well understood, will much facilitat*
the conjugation of the French verbs.
. Regular Conjugations in ER, ANT, E.
INFINITIVE.
Donner, to give; donnant, giving ; donn6, 6e; 6s, 6es, given.
P. Igive^ 1 1
giving.
Im. / did
' gice, I am Je,
Donn-e, es,
o^rf, / was Donn-ois, ois,
giving, I gave.
Pret. / gave, I have Donn-ai, as,
givejt.
P. I will or shall give. Donn-erai, eras.
INDICATIVE.
nous,
ons,
ions.
vous,
its
ent
oient
Compouxd Tenses.
— J'ai donne
— J'avois donn6
ames, atcs, erenl — J'eus donr,6
erons,
erions.
erez,
criez,
eront
eroient
-J'aurai donn^
-J'ai;rois donn6
C. I would, could, should Donn-erois, erois, eroji;
give. *
SUBJUNCTIVE.
Pr. That I may give, Que je, que tu, qu'il; que nous, que vous, qu'ils
that I give. Donn-e, es, e; ions, iez, ent — J'aie donni*
Pret. That I might give, Donn-asse, asses, at , assions, assicz, assent — J'eusse donn*
thit I gave.
IMPER.ATIVE.
Donne, qu'il donne, donnons, donnez, qu'ils donnent,
givclhoxi, let him give, let us ^ivc., give ye, let them give.
Tlie verbs in gen; add an e nmte to tlie ending, whenever iho g meets before an a or a ; there-
fore WTi'e nous mangeons, nous mangednie^ ; and not nous mangons, nous muvgdmcs. — The verbs
ending in cer, and cevoir, change die c into c before the vowels, a, o, u. — Je regois, nous commen
{iimes, il recut.
II. Regular Conjugation in IR, ISS.\NT, I.
N. B. As the English verbs have but three variations, we cease repeating the English word far-
ther than the infinitive. TIm» signs may easily be collected from the preceding conjugation.
INF. Punir, to punish; punissant, jjmw/^A'w o-,- puni, e; is, ies. punished.
IND.Pr.Je,
tu,
il;
nous,
vous.
ils
Compound Tense*
Pun-is,
is.
it;
issons,
issez,
issenl
— J'ai {Mini
Imp. Pun-issois,
is3o:s.
issoit;
issions,
issirz,
issoient
— J'avois puni
Pret. Pnn-is,
is.
it;
imis,
itis,
irent
— J'eu&puni
Fut. Pun-irai,
iras.
ira,
irons.
irez,
iront
— J'aurai puni
Condit. Pun-irois,
iroi5,
iroit ;
irinns,
iriez,
iroient
— J'aurois puni
SUBJ. Pr. Que je,
que tu.
qu'il;
que nous,
que vous,
qu'ils
Pun-isse,
isses,
isse;
issions,
issiez,
jssrnt
— J'aie puni
Prrt. Pun-isse,
isses.
it;
issions,
issipz,
issent
—J'eusse puni
IMP. Punis,
qu'il punisse ;
punissons,
pnnisscz,
qu'ils punissen:.
So are conjugated upwards of 200 verbs in cjV, <i*>, gir, mir, nir, tir, &,c.
•lugir, affermir, Iburnir, avertir.
III. Regular Conjugation in IR, ANT, I.
INF. Sentir, to smell; sentant, smelling; senti, ie ; is, ies, smelt.
-Durcir, applaudir,
IND.Pr.Je,
tu,
il;
nous,
vous,
i)s
Compound Tenses
Sens,
sens,
sent;
sent-ons.
ez,
ent
— J'ai senti
Imp.
Sent-ois,
ois,'
oit;
ions.
iez.
oient
— J'avois senti
Fret.
Sent-is,
is,
it;
imes,
ites.
ennt
— J'eus senti
Fut.
Sent-irai,
irks,
ira;
irons.
irez,
iront
— J'aurai senti
Condit.
Sent-irois,
irois,
iroit ;
irions,
iriez.
iroient
— J'aurois sent!
SUBJ. Pr.aueje, '
que tu,
qu'il;
que nous.
que vous.
qu'ils
Sent-e,
es.
e;
ions.
iez,
ent
— J'aie senti
Pret.
Sent-isse,
isses,
it:
isslons.
issiez,
jssent
— J'eusse senti
IMP
Sens,
qu'il sente;
sentons,
sentez,
qu'il's sentent.
N. B. The verbs of this conjugation, ending in tir, drop their t in the first and second person
singular of tlie indicative present; and the other verbs drop the letter they have before jr, iu tlie
tluee persons sing, of the same tense— Parfj'r; je pars, ta pars, il part. — Dormir; je dors, tu dors,
il dort. — Servir; je sers, tu sers, il sert.
So are conjugated the following Vcrhs.
Consentir,
consentanl,
j'ai consenii
to consent
D6mentir,
d6mentaiit.
j'ai dementi
—give the lie
Desservir,
desservant,
j'ai desservi
—clear the table, hurt
Dormir,
dormant,
j'ai dormi
—sleep
Endomiir,
endonnant,
j'ai endormi
—lull asleep
S'endormir,
s'endorniant.
je me suis endoraii
—fall asleep
Mentir,
rnentant.
j'ai menli
-lie
Parti r,
partant,
je suis, et j'ai parti
— set oiit
Presseniir,
pressentant,
j'ai presseijti
— foresee
Rfdormir,
redormant,
j'ai redormi
—slerp again
!;e rendormir
se rendormant,
je me suis rendormi
—fall asleep again
^- Repartir,
repartant.
je suis & j'ai reparti
— set out again; reply
f5e repentir,
se repentant.
je me suis rcpenti
— repent
I.lessentir,
resseniant.
j'ai ressenti
— resent
'" Ressortir,
lessortant.
je suis ressorti
— go out arrain
l?eniir,
sentant,
j'ai senti
-smell, feel
Servir,
servant.
j'ai servi
—serve
Se servir,
se servant,
je me suis servi
—make use of
Sortir,
sortant.
je suis <fc j'ai sorti
—go out
* R(>partir,
r6partis6ant, to distribute;
* ressortir, ressortissant, to brlon
g to, arc conjugated like
2>vnir.
IV Regular
Conjugation in RE, ANT, U.
INF.
Vendre, to s< It;
vciidant, selling; vendu, no ; us
ues, sdIiI.
IND. Pr.^o
,
tu, il;
nous, vous, ils
Compound Tenses
\\
nds,
vends, vend
; v.nd-ons, ez, cot
—J ai vendu
Iwp. Vend-ois,
ois, oit;
ions, iez, oicnt
— J'avois vendu
PrH Vt
nd-is,
iii, it ;
imes, ins, in nt
— ,1'fiis vendu
Fut. Vf
iul-r:ii,
ra-j, ra ;
rons, try., rr-lil
.I'.-iiiriii xciuiii
CnmJ V<
iid-rci.«.
r()i«, roif :
ri( ns, ricz, joif-u
J'aurois \en<!u
SIJBJ. Pr. ft<
'ejo,
que tu, qii'i!
; que nous, cjtii: vntis, ijirils
VlmkI-p,
fS, r ;
inns, !.-/., .'lit
— J'nic vendu
Pret. \i
i:d-iss.>,
i.-scs, it ;
ispioits, yf\i-7, i.-scif
— J'cirsso vendu
IMP. V.
iid>-.
qu'i! vrnde;
vendi IIS, veudez, qu'iis
vcidtnl.
XXVI
So are conjugated the following Verbs.
N. B. The verbs with.an asterisk liave a slight irregularity in iheir orthography. Battrt and itk
derivatives lose one t in lire iJiree persons of the indicative pr. sing, and 2d sing, iinperat. — Je bats
tu bats, il bat; bats. — Romprc and its derivatives add t to p, for the tliird person sing, indicat. pr.
— II rompt, coiTompt, interrompt.
ahattant, j'ai abattu to pull down
attendant, j'ai attendu — expect or wish for
battant, j'ai battu —beat
combattant, j'ai combaltu —fight
condescendant, j'ai condescendu — comply
confondant, j'ai confondu confound
corrompant, j'ai corrompu ^corrupt
d6battant, j'ai dtbattu —argue
descendant, j'ai descendu — come dotcn
s'ebatiant, je me suis 6battu — play about
6tendant, j'ai 6tendu — spread
entendant, j'ai entendu — hear
fcndant, j'aifendu — cleave
fondant, j'ai fondu —melt
interronipant j'ai interrompu —interrupt
mordant, j'ai mordu —bite
morfondant, j'ai morfbndu —chill
pendant, j'ai pendu —hang
perdant, j"ai perdu — lose
pondant, la poule a pondu —lay eggt
pr6tendant, j'ai pr^tendu — pretend
rabattant, j'ai ra'uattu — bate
rebattant, j'ai rebattu — beat again
refondant, j'ai reCnndu — melt again
rendant, j'ai rendu — render, restore
r^pandant, j'ai r6pandu — spill, spread
r^pondant, j'ai r6pondu — answer
rompant, j'ai rompu — break
tendant, j'ai tendu —bend, tend
tondant, j'ai tondu — shear
vendant, j'ai vendu — sell
V. Regular Conjugation in UIRE, UISANT, UIT.
INFINITIVE.
Cond-uire, to conduct; conduisant; conduit, uite; uits, uites.
Abattre,*
A itendre,
Battre,*
Combattre,*
Condescend re
ConfondrCj
Corrompre,*
Debattre,*
Descendre,
S'ebattre,
V: tend re,
Entendre,
Fendre,
Fondre,
Iiiterroinpre,*
Mordre,
Morfondre,
Pendre,
Perdre,
Pondre,
Pretendre,
Rabattre,*
Rebattre,*
Re fond re,
Rendre,
Repandre,
R.'pondre,
Roinpre,*
Tendre,
Tondre,
Vendre,
INDICATIVE
Compound Tenses
Pr.
Je,
tu,
il;
nous.
vous.
ils
Cond-nis,
uis.
nit;
uisons.
uisez,
uisent
—J'ai conduit
Im.
Cuiid-uisois,
uisois,
uisoit ;
uisions,
uisiez.
uisoient
— J'avois conduit
Fret.
Cond-uisis,
uisis.
uisit;
uisimes.
uisites,
uisirent
— J'eus conduit
FuU
Cond-uirai,
uiras.
uira;
uirons.
iiircz.
uiront
— J'aurai conduit
Cond
. Cond-uirois,
uirois,
uiroit;
uirions,
uiriez.
uiroient
— J'aurois conduil
SUBJUNCTIVE.
Pr.
Que je.
que tu,
qn'il;
que nous.
que vous.
qu'ilg
Cond-uise,
nist!S,
iiiso;
uisions,
uisiez,
uisent
— J'aie condu
Pret.
Cond-uisissc,
uisisses,
uisit ;
ujsissions,
uisissiez.
uississent
— J'eusse conduit
IMPERATIVE.
Conduis, qu'il conduise; conduisons, uis. z, qu'ils conduisent
XXVU
So are conjugated the following Verbs.
Constr-uire,
tii^ant,
j'ai construit
to construct
Cuire,
uisant,
j'ai cuit
—bake
D6d-uire,
uisant,
j'ai d6duit
— deduct
D6tr-uire,
uisant,
j'ai dt^truit
—destroy
End-uire,
uisant,
j'ai enduit
— plaster
Ind-uire,
uisant,
j'ai induit
•^excite
Instr-uire,
uisant.
j'ai instruit
— instruct
Introd-uire,
uisant.
j'ai introduit
—bring in
L-uire,
uisant,
j'ailui, (no«)
— shine
N-uire,
uisant,
j'ai nui, (no t)
j'ai produit
—hurt
Prod-iiire,
uisant.
— product
Recond-uire,
uisant,
j'ai reconduit
• — reconduct
Rec-uire,
uisant.
j'ai recuit
— bake again
R6d-uire,
uisant,
j'ai r6diiit
— reduce
Rel-uire,
uisant.
j'ai relui, (no t)
—glitter
S6d-uire,
uisant.
j'ai st^duit
j'ai traduit
— scdiice
Trad-uire,
uisant,
— translate
VI. Re/rular Conjugation in INDRE, IGNANT, INT.
INF, Joindre, joignant ; joint, e : s, es, to join.
TND. Pr. Je,
tUj il;
nous, vous,
ils Compound Tenset
Joins,
joins, joint ;
jo-ignons, ignez,
ignent —J'ai joint
Imp. Jo-ignois,
ignois, ignoit ;
ignions, igniez,
iL'noient — J'avois joint
Pret. Jo-ignis,
ignis, ignit ;
ignJmes, ignites,
ignirent —J'eus joint
Flit. Jo-indrai,
indras, ijidra;
indrons, indrez,
indront —J'anrai joint
Cbnd. Jo-indrois,
indrois, indroit;
indrions, indriez,
indroient — J'aurois joint
BUB. Prct. aneje,
que tu, qu'il ;
que nous, que vous.
qu'ils
Jo-igne,
ignes, igne ;
ignions, igniez,
ignent — J'aiejoint
Pret. Jx)-ignisse,
ignisses, ignit;
ignissions, ignissiez,
ignissent —J'eusse joint
IMPER. Joins, qu
il joigne ; joignons, joignez, qu'ils joignent.
So are conjugated the folloicing Verbs.
Astreindre,
ast reign ant.
J'ai astrient
to oblige, force
Atteindre,
atleignant,
j'ai atteint
— rearh
Aveindre,
avcignanl.
j'ai aveint {obsolete)
—reach
Ceindre,
ceignant.
j'ai ceint
—gird
Contraindre,
contraignant.
j'ai contraint
-force
Craindre,
craignant,
j'ai craiiit
-fear
Enceindre,
enceignant,
j'ai enceint
-enclose
Enfreindre.
enfrpignant
j'ai enfreint
—trispass
Enjoindre.
enjoignant,
j'ai enjoint
— prrscribe
Eteindre,
^teignant,
j'ai 6teint
— put out
Fcindre,
feignant.
j'ai feint
—dissemble
Oindre,
oignant,
j'ai oint {obsolete)
— anoint
Peindre,
poignant,
' 'ai pejnt
—pain, draw
Plaindre,
plaignant,
'ai plaint
-pity
Poindre, to dawn, to hurt; il poindra, he will hurt (obpolfte')
Restreindre,
restroigiiant,
j'ai rostreint
—limit
Teindre,
teignant,
j'ai teint
—dye, colour
VII. Regular Conjugnt.ton in OITRE, OISSANT, U.
INF. Paroiire, paroissanf ; paru, ue; us, ucs; to appear.
IND. Pr Je, m, il ; nous, vous, ils Compound Tenscat
Par-ois, ois, oit; oissons, oissez, oifsent —J'ai paru
Imp. Par-oissois, oissois, cissoit; oissiuns, oissiez, oissoient — J'avois paru
XXVIU
Pret. Par-US,
Fut. Par-oiuai,
Cond. Par-oitrois,
SUB. Pr. aue je,
Par-oisse,
Pret. Par-usse,
oitras,
oitrojs,
que tu,
oisses,
usses,
ut;
oitra;
oitroit ;
qu'iJ;
oisse;
ut:
umes,
oilroiis,
oitrioiis,
que noud,
oisi^ioiis,
ussions,
utes,
oitrez,
oitriez,
que vous,
oissiez,
ussit.z,
urent,
oilron
oitroient
qu'ils
oissent,
usdenl
IMPER. Parois, qu'il paroisse ; paroissons, paroissez, qu'ils paroissent.
— J'eus paru
— J'aurai paxu
— J'aurois pan»
— J'aic para
— J'euese paru
Accroitre,*
Apparoilre,
Comparoitre,
Connoitre,
Croitre,*
D6croilre,
Disparoitre,
M6connoitre,
Reconnoitre,
Recroltre,*
So arc conjugated the following Verbs.
accroissant,
apparoissant,
j'ai accru to increase
j'ai apparu —appear
comparoissant, j'ai couiparu —appear (in lawj
connoissant, j'ai counu — know
croissant, j'ai cru — grojo
d6croissant, j'ai decru — decrease
disparoissant, j'ai disparu — disappear
ni6connoissant, j'ai nitconnu —forget
reconnoissant, j'ai recounu — remember
recroi^ant, j'ai recru —grow again
* In croUre and its derivatives, tlie letters ot sound oc; and in the other verbs in oitrc, XijC sfune
letters oi have the simple sound of the vowel c. Many people change o'l into ai, in the latter cose,
CONJUGATION OF A REFLECTED VERB.
Let the Learner observe carefully that the compound tenses of the reflected verbs are formed in
French^^by the verb etre (to be) and not as tln^y an.' in English by the verb avoir 'to have.)
INF. Se lever,
to rise,
se levant,
rising.
s'^iant lf:v6, 6e; fes
kacing risen.
ees,
IND. Pr.
[ rise; I am rising.
IMP. / did rise; I
teas rising.
Pret. I rose, I did
rise.
Fut. f shall or will
risr.
Condll. I icould or
should rise.
Compound Tenses.
Je me suis Iev6,
/ have risen.
Je m'etois Iev6,
I had risen.
\ Je me leve, tu te I6ves, il se leve ; nous nous le-
\ vons, vous vous levez, ils se levent.
\ Je me levois, tu te levois, il se levoit; nous nous
\ levions, vous vous levicz, ils se levoient.
^ Je me levai, tu te leva.?, il se leva; nous nousle- ^ Je me fus lev6,
J vames, vous vous levfiles, ilsse lev6rent. ^ I had risen.
^ Je me leverai, tu te levera.*, il se levcra; nous i Je me serai lev6,
\ nous k'veron.^, vous vous levercz, ilsse leveront. \ I will have risen.
j Je me leverois, tu te le\erois, il se Icveroit; r.ous I Je me serois levC,
I nous leverions, vous vous ieveriez, ils se leveroient. ) / would have risen
SL'fU. Pr. That I j Que je me leve, que tuteleves, qu'il se leve; nous ^ Je nie sois Iev6,
n'sp, or may rise. ( nous levions, vous vous leviez, ilsse levent. \ I may have risen.
Pret. That I might \ Uue je mc leva.sse, tu te levasses, ils se lev;\t ; nous ) Je me fusse leve,
rise; that f ruse. ^ nous levassions,vous vous Ievassiez,ils8elevass€nt. S I had risen.
IMPER. Leve-loi, qu'U se leve; levons-nous, Icvez-vous, qu'ils se levent.
IMPERSONAL VERBS, II y a; il faut
II y a, Ihirf is, there are;
II y a on, tierc has been, or have been;
II y avoii, il y avoit eu ; il y eut, il y eut eu ;
n y aura, il y aura eu ; il y auroit; il y auroit
eu ; qu'il y ait, qu'il y ait eu; qu'il y cut; qu'il
y cut eu.
Y a-t-il : is there, are there? y a-t-il eu 1 has
thrre been, have there been? U n'y a pas, there is
not, there arc not; il n'y a pas eu, there has not
been, there hare not been. — N'y a-t-il pas? is not
there, are not th^re? n'y a-t-il pas eu 1 has not
there been, have not there been ?
il faut, one must, it 7nust, it is necessary; il a
fallu ; il failoit, il avoit fallu ; il fallut, !l eul
fallu; il faudra, il aura fallu; il faudroit, il
auroit fallu, qu'il faille, qu'il ait fallu; qu'il
fallut, qu'il efit faWu—I must go to Paris, il faut
que j'aille a Paris ; you must go to Paris, il faut
XXlX
que vous alliez k Paris— This verb is not imper
Bonai in English, and it always requires the sab-
junaive in French, after the conjunction que.
11 y a un honime, there is a man;
II y a des honinies, there are men —
And so on througliout this verb, in which the
themselves, or only with one or two derivatives
— The lormer we shall class according to the ter
mination of their inlinitive, gerund, and partici-
ple ; and of the latter we shall give an alphabe-
tical list.
N. B. Where only the first person of a tense
singular in French answers to the singular and is given, the other persons may easily be known
plural in English. ~
by \.\\e paradigm, p. xxii. Thxisfiraiijebus, &c.
look fur tile future and preterite in the paradigm.
and you will easily add ; tu iras-, il ira; lu bus,
it but, &c.
The leading irregular verbs ate— f aire, icrire,
dire, tenir, devoir, mettre, courir,prendrefCOur)rir.
I. Class of irregular Verbs from FAIRE, FAISANT, FAIT.
FAIRE, faisant, fait, j'ai fait ; to do, make.
e fais, fais, fait ; faisons, faites, font. Je faisois ; fis ; ferai ; ferois;
fasse; fisse. Fais qu'il fasse; faisons, faites, qu'ils fassent.
contrefaisant, j'ai contrefait to counterfeit
defaisant, j'ai d6fait — undo
only and forfait forfeit
parfaisant, j'ai parfait — complete
red6faisant, j'ai red6fait — undo again
satisfaisant, j'ai satisfait — satisfy
surfaisant, j'ai surfait — ask too much
U. Class of irregular Verbs in CRIRE, CRIVANT, CRIT.
ECRIRE, (icrivant, 6crit, j'ai 6crit; to lorite.
J'6cris, tu 6cris, ecrit ; 6crivons, 6crivez, 6crivent; j'6crivois; 6crivis; ^crirai ; ^crirois.
Que j'6crive; 6crivisse; 6cris ; qu'il ecrive; 6crivons, ectivez, qu'ils 6crivent.
IRREGULAR VERBS.
Among the irregular verbs some have many
derivatives; that is, other verbs which have the
same irregularities. Several stand irregular of
Contreftiire,
D6faire,
Forfaire,
Parfaire,
Red6faire,
Satisfaire,
Surfaire,
Circonscrire,
D6crire,
Inscrire,
Prescrire,
Proscrire,
R6crire,
Souscrire,
Transcrire,
circonscnvant,
decrivarit,
inscrivant,
prescrivant,
proscrivant,
recrivant,
souscrivant,
transcrivant,
j'ai cnconscrit
j'ai d^crit
j'ai inscrit
j'ai prescrit
j'ai proscrit
j'ai r6crit
j'ai souscrit
j'ai transcrit
to circumscribe
— describe
— inscribe
— prescribe
— proscribe
— write again
— subscribe
— transcribe
Je dis, dis, dit
III. Clasf of irregular Verbs in IRE, ISANT, IT.
DIRE, disant, dit; j'ai dit; to say, tdl.
; disons, ditt's, disent. Jedisois; dis; dirai ; dirois. Queje dise;
disse. Dis, qu'il dise ; disons, ditcs, qu'ils disent.
confisant, j'ai confit, to preserve fruit
contredisant, j'ai contredit — contradict
sc dedisant, jc me suis d6dit — unsay
interdisant, j'ai interdit, —forbid
m^disant, j'ai medit, — slander
prf'idisant, j'ai pr6dit, — foretell
redisant, j'ai redit — say again
Confire,*
Contredire,*
Se d6dire,*
Interdire,*
M6dire,*
Pr^dire,
Redire,
* The six verbs with an asterisk, m.akc dtsez in the second person plural of tlie indicative pre-
sent, and the same person imperative ; vous cotifiscz, vuus contredisez.
rV. Class of irregular Verbs in ENIil, EN ANT, ENU.
Tenir, tenant, tenu, j'ai tenu ; to hold.
Je tiens, tiens, tienl; tenons, tenez, tiennent. Jo lenois; tins; tiendrai ; tiendrois. Queje
l-ienne. iennes. icnnc
tieiinent.
S'abslenir,
Appartenir,
Avenir,
Con ten ir,
Contrwenjr,
Convenir,
D6tenir,
Devenir,
Disconvenir,
Entretenir,
Intervenir,
Maintenir
Obtenir,
Parvenir
Preveiiir,
Provenir,
Se ressouvenir,
Retenir,
Revenir,
Soutenir,
Subvenir,
Venir,
t-cnions, eniez, iennent ; tinsse. Tiens, qu'il tienne; tenons, tonez, qu'Uf
B'abstenant, je me suis abstenu to abstain
appartenant, j'ai appartenu — belong
avenant, il est avenu — happen
conienaiit, j'ai contenu — contain
contrevenant, j'ai contrevenu — oppose
convenant, je suis convenu — ag^ree
deienant, j'ai detenu — detain
devenant, je suis devenu — become
disconvenant, je suis disconvenu — detiy
entietenant, j'ai entretenu — keep vp
intervenant, je suis iniervenu — intervene
maintenant, j'ai niaintenu — maintain
oblenant, j'ai obieuu — obtain
parsenant, je suis panenu — attain
pr6venant, j'aipr6venu —anticipate
provenant, je suis provenu — come from
se ressouvenant, je me suis ressouvenu — recollect
retenant, j'airetenu — retain
revenant, je suis revenu —come back
soutenant, j'ai soutenu — support
subvenant, j'ai subvenu — come by chance
venant, je suis venu — come
* Convenir, in the sense of to suit, takes avoir in its compound lenses. Ex. Cettc maieon m's
convenu, & je suis convenu du prLx; that house suited vie, and J have agreed about the pncc.
French ^cad.
V. Class of irregular Verbs in evoir, evant, u.
Devoir, devant, du, j'ai du ; to ove, to be obliged.
Je dois, dois, doit ; devons, devez, doivent- Je devois ; dus ; devrai ; devrois ; Que je d-oive,oive«
oive; d-evions, eviez, oivent; dusse. Dois, qu'il doive; devons, devez, qu'ils doivent.
.\ppercevoir, apperccvant, j'aiapporcu to discover
concevant, j'ai cuucu — conceive
dtcevant, j'ai decu — deceive
percevant, j'ai per^u —obtain
j'ai recu
Concevoir
D6cevoir,
Percevoir
Recevoir,
Red evoir,
recevant,
redevant,
J ai re
au
-owe still
Je mets, tu met
meite ; misse.
Adniettre,
Commeiire,
Compromctire
D6mettre,
Se d^niettre
S'entremettre,
Opiettre,
Permettre,
Pronieltre,
Remettre
Boumettre,
Transnjeiire,
VI. Class of irregular Verbs from METTRE, METTA>'T, MIS.
s, il met; meltons, mettez, mettent. Je mettois, mis; mettrai; mettrolH.
Slets, qu'il mctte ; mettons, mettez, qu'fls mettent.
Que
admettant,
commettant,
compromettant,
dimcttant,
BC d6mettant,
8'entremeuant,
onif'ttaiit,
p«rmettant,
promettatit,
rcmettant,
eoumottant,
iransiueliant,
j'ai admis
j'ai commis
j'ai comiiromis
j'aldtmis
je me suis d^mis
je me suis entremia
j'aiomis
j'ai permis
j'ai promia
j'ai remis
j'ai souniis
j'ai iran.>^niia
to admit
— commit
—compromise
— remote
—resign, put out
— mediate
— omit
—permit
—promise
— replace, deliver
— submit
— convey
XXXI
VII. Class of irregular Verbs from COURIR, COURANT, COURU.
COURIR, courant, couiu, j'ai couru ; to run.
Je coins, cours, court ; courons, couiez, coureut. Jecouiois; courus; couirai; courrois. Queje
coure ; courusse. Cours, qu'il coure ; courous, courez, qu'ila couient.
Accourir,
Concourir,
Discourir,
Eucourir,
Parcourir,
Recourir,
Secourir
accourant,
conconram,
discourant,
encourant,
parcourant,
recourant,
secourant,
je suis -accouru
j'ai concouru
j'ai discouru
j'ai encouru
j'ai parcouru
j'ai recouru
j'ai secouru
to run to
— concur
— discourse
— ijicur
— run over
— recur to
— help
to learn
— understand
— unlearn
—undertake
— mistake
— take back, blame
— surjjrise
Vin. Class of irregular Verbs from PRENDRE, PRENANT, PRIS.
PRENDRE, prenant, pris, j'ai pris; to take.
Je prends, prends, prend ; prenons, prenez, prennent. Je prenois; pris; prendrai prendrois. Q,ue
je prenn-e, es, e ; pren-ions, iez, prennent ; prisse. Prends, qu'il prenne ; prenons, prenez, qu'ils
prennent.
Apprendre, apprenant, j'ai appris
Coniprendre, comprenant, j'ai compris
D6sapprendre, d6sapprenant, j'ai dtsappris
Enlreprendre, entreprenant, j'ai entrepris
Se mtprendre, se m6prenant, je me suis m^pris
Rtpreiidre, reprenant, j'ai repris
isurprendre, surprenant, j'ai surpris
IX. Class of irregular Verbs in IR, ANT, ERT.
COUVRIR, couvrant, convert, j'ai convert; to cover.
Je couvre, couvres. couvre, couvrons, couvrez, couvrent. Je couvrois, couvris, couvrirjii, couvri*
rois. Que je couvre, couvrisse. Couvre, qu'il coiivre ; couvrons, couvrez, qu'ils couvrent
D6couvrir, d6couvrant, j'ai d6couvert to discover
Entr'ouvrir, entr'ouvrant, j'ai er.tr'ouvert — open a little
M6sofffir, m6soffrant, j'ai m^soffert —underbid
Offrir, offrant, j'ai otiert —offer
Ouvrir, ouvrant, j'ai ouvcrt — open
Recouvrir, recouvrant j'ai recouveit — cover up
R'ouvTir, r'ouvrant, j'ai r'ouvert — open again
Souffrir, Bouffrant, j'ai souffert —suffer
AN ALPHABETICAL LIST
Of the irregular Verbs which cannot be classed.
N. B. The a.sterisk (*) announces a verb defective in tlie tenses wliich are not mentioned. The
obpIi-^l< and asterislt together (t*) point at a verb at once defective and obsolete.
We have omitted the imperative mood, the tl)ird persons of which are supplied by the pr. of the
subjunctive ; and the otliers by the pr. of the indicative, Ex. acquires, quii acquiere ; acqu6rons,
acquerez, qu'ils acquierent.
* Absoudre, to absolve; absolvant; absous, ab-
souto; j'ai alisous. J'absous, absous, absout,
nous absolvons, absolvez, absolvent. J'absolvois,
alisoudrai, absoudrois. Que j'absolve.— /»^7Jl^ceH-
ler supplies it
AccMvWWx, to welcome; accueillant, accueilli ;
j'ai acrueilli. J'accueille; accueillois; accucillis;
accueillerai ; accueillerois. Que j'accueille ; ac-
cueillisse.
* Arcrolre is only used in the infinitive uith the
Abstraire, to abstract; abstrait, j'ai abstrait. hdp of fairc ; a.«, faire accroiro, en fnire ncrroiro,
J'abstrais, ais, ait, nous abstrayons, ayez, aient. to dccrivr; s'en ftiirc accroire, fo be srlf-(o»niie,l
J'ahstraiiai— rois; the defective tenses are sup- Arqucrir, to nrquirr; arqii^rnnt, arrpiis, jni
;;;/>(/*«/ faire abstraction. acquis, J'ncquiers, Wra, iert, nous nrqu* rone,
acqu<^rcz, acquierent. J'acqu6rois; acquis ;ac-
querrai; acqufirois. Que j'acquiere, ieres, iere;
acqu6rioiio, eriez, ierent, acqiiisse.
AJler, to go; allant, allC ; etre all6, avoir 6t6.
Je vais, lu va^, il va; nous aliens, ailez, .voiit.
J'allois; allai or fus; irai ; irois. Q,ue j'aille,
aill(s, aille ; allions, alliez, allient ; allasse.
t* Apparoir, to be evidctU, (in law.) 11 appcrt,
it is'cvidcnt.
Assaillir, to assault; assaillani, assailli; j'ai
assailli. J'ai-saill-e, es, e; irons a&sailions, fz,
cnt. J'ass^aillois; assaillis; assaillirai , assailli-
rois. Que j'as^aille , assailliBse ;
S'asseoir, to sit down; s'assejant, je me suis
assis. Je m'assieds, tu I'assieds, il s'assied ; nous
nous "ass6yons, 6yez, eyent. Je nf asseyois, je
m'assis, je m'assierai, je m'assiOrois. Que je
ni'asseye ; je in'assisse — Grammarians cio uot
agree about tlie oiUiugraphy of tills verb; we
follow here the French Jicad.
Boire, to drink; buvant, bu, j'ai bu. Je bois,
bois, bolt ; nous Imv-ons, ez, boi vent. Je buvois ;
bus; boiiai; boirois. Que jc boiv-e, es, e; bu-
vions, iez, boivent ; biisse.
Bouillir, to boil; bouillant, bouiili; j'ai bouilli.
Je bous, bous, bout: nous bouillons, ez, ent; je
bouillois; bouillis; bouiliirai; bouillirois. Que
je bouille; bouiilisse.
* Braire, to bray; il brait, ilsbraient; il braira,
ils brairont; il brairoit, ils brairoienl. — Crier
comiiie un dne, supplies it.
t* Druire, to roar, bluster; il bruyoit; les flots
bruyoienl; the wines roared — ^^ro/jJcr supplies it.
t* Choir, to fall; chyi, fallen— Tomber supphts
it.
Circoncire, to circumcise; circoncisant, circon-
cis : j'ai circoncis. Je circonc is, is ; it isons, isez,
isent. Je circoncisois ; circoncis; irai; irois. Que
je circoncise ; isse.
* Clorre, to close; closant, clos, j'ai clos ; je clos,
tu clos, il ch'it. Je clorrai, je clorrois. Que je
close — Firmer and bouchcr supply it.
Complaire, to huinaur, to comply ; j'ai complu
—like pi aire.
Conclure, to conclude; concluant, conclu; j'ai
conclu. Je concl-us, us, ut; nous concl-uons,
uez, uenl ; je coucl-uois ; us ; urai ; urois. Que je
concl-ue ; usse.
Conqu6iir, to conquer; conqut^rant, conquis,
j'ai conquis. Je conqu-iers, iers, iert; 6ron8,
erez, ierent. Je conqu6rois; conquis; conquer-
rai ; conquerrois. Que je conqu-icre, ieres ; iere ;
conqu-6rions, 6riez, ierent; conquisse.
Convaincre, to convince; j'ai convaincu — like
vaincre.
Couilre, to sew; cousnnt, cousu ; j'fil coUBli.
Je couds, couds, cond, nous cousons, ez, ent; je
cous-ois; is; jecoud-rai; rois. Que je cous-c ;
isse— ^'e cousus, je coususse, are bad French.
Croire, £tf believe; croyant, cru ; j'ai cru. Je
crois, crois, croit ; nous croyons, croyez, croient.
Jecroyois; crus; croi-rai; rois. Que jc croie,
cioies, croie; croyious ; iez, croient; je cru&»e.
Cueillir, to gather; cueillant, cueilli ; j'ai cu-
eilli. Je cuei(l-e, es, e; nous cueill-ons, ez, ent.
Je cueiil-ois; is; erai ; erois. Que je cueillc ;
cueillisse.
* Dcclioir, tj) decay; dechu ; je suis dechu. Je
d^chois, ois, oil; noiisdechoyons. oyez, dechoi-
ent. Jedetbus; decherrai; decherrois. Queje
dech oie, oirs, oie; oyioius, oyiez, oient, dechusso.
— Baissrr, decliner, supply it.
* Declorip, to unclose, to op'it; j'ai d^clos—
conjugated like clorre, and wanting tlie same
tenst's — Ouvrir supplies it.
Decoudre, to unstw; yai dticouse — like coudrc.
* Defaillir, (o decay; nous del-aillons, aillCz,
aillent. J'aidefaiUi; jc defaillois; je defaillis—
Decliner, tombcr, supplj' it.
t* Demouvoir, (a ^aw term) to inahe one desist
of his pretensions — The infinitive is the only
word in use — Deboutcr, might siipi)ly the rest.
D^plaire, to displease; j'ai deplu — like plaire.
* Distraire, to take from, to disturb; j'ai dis-
trait — like abstraire. Enlcvcr and dissiper may
suj)ply it.
* Dissoudre, to dissolve; j'ai dissous — like ab-
soudre — Fondre, and annulUr may .<upply it.
Elire, to elect; j'ai elu— /lAf lire.
Emondre, to whet; j'ai ^moulu — like moudre.
Emouvoir, to stir up, to move; jai 6mu — like
mouvoir.
Eclorre, to be hatched; mcs vers a soie sonl
•icios, viy silk-worms are hatched— like clorre —
S'ouvrir, and paroitre, supply it.
* Knclorre, to enclose, to surround; j'ai enclos
— like clorre — Entourer and renfermer S\ipp\y it.
Enqu6rir, s'enqu6rir, to inquire after; je mo
suis enquis — like acquerir.
S'ensuivre, (impersonal) to folloic, ensue; s'en-
suivant, il s'est ensuivi ; il s'ensuit; s'ensuivoit;
s'ensuivit ; s'ensuivra ; s'ensuivroit. Qu'il s'en-
suive; s'ensuivit.
Entrevoir, to have a glimpse at, to guess; j'ai
entrevu— ^Av voir.
Envoyer, to send; envoyant, eiivoy6, j'ai en-
voy6. J'envoi-e, es, e ; nous envoy-ons, ez, eii-
voient. J'envoyois; envoyai; enverrai; enver-
rois. Que j'envoi-e, es, e; envoyions, iez, eu
voient ; envoyasse.
fixclare, to czciude; excluant, cxclus, m. exclue
»«i excluse, /. J'ai exclu ; je suis exclus, je suis
e.xclue, elle a ete excluse. j'exclus, us, ut; uons,
uez, umt. — J'exclu-ois; us; urai; uiois< due
j'excl-ue; usse.
* Exiraire, to extract; j'ai extrail — like ab-
<traire— /aire uu eztrait, depouiller aiay supply
it.
t* Pailiir, to fail, be less, faillant, j'ai failli.
Je faux, faux, faut, faill-ons, ez, ent. Je faillis;
je faudrai— /atWir, je faillis, and the coinpouud
lenses j'ai failli, &c. are still in use — Manquer,
se tromper, t»iiibcr, supply it.
t^ Forir, to strike, is only used in this phrase ;
Bans coup tanr, witkoat striking a bloio — frapper
supplies the test.
* Frire, to fry; frit, frite, j'ai frit. Je fris, tu
fris, il frit ; je frirai ; frirois — Fricasser supplies
it.
Fuir, to fly; fuyant, fui, j'ai fui. Je fu-is, is, it;
nous fuy-ons, ez, fui-ent. Je fuyois, fnis ; fuiral ;
fuirois. Que je fuie ; fuisse — Je pris la fuite, je
prisse la fuite, are mure in use for Uie preterite
tewa'cs— S'enfuir, s'enfuyant, je me suis enfui, is
tonjagated like fuir.
t* Giisir, to lie; nous gisons, ils gisent; il gi-
Boit ; ci-git, here lies ; tout git en cela, the whole
point lies in that — etre couche, 6tre situ6, may
supply it.
Hair, lu hate; iiaissant, ha'i, j'ai hai. Je hais,
tu hais, il hait; nous haissons, ez, ent. Je hais-
6oid ; is ; irai ; irois. Que je haisse ; haisse — The
want of the trema is the only irregularity of this
verb.
t* l.<sir, to come from; issu, (in genealogy) de-
scanded; and issant, (in heraldry) rising out, are
the only words in use — dcscendre supplies it.
Lire, to read, lisant, lu, j'ai lu. Je lis, lis, lit;
nou.s lis-ons, ez, ent. Jelisois; lus: lirai ; lirois.
Que je lise ; lusse.
Mandire, to curse; maudissant, maudil, j'ai
mandit. Je maud-is, is, it ; issons, issez, issent.
Jt; mau'i-issois ; is ; irai ; irois. Que je maud-
issa ; maudi:;se.
Moudre, to grind; moulant, moulu, j'ai moulii.
Je m<»u-ds, ds, d ; nous moul-ons, ez, ent. Je
moul-ois ; us ; je moud-rai ; rois. Que je moul-e,
usse.
Mourir, to die; mourant, mort, je suis mort.
Je meurs, nieurs, meitrt ; nous mourons, ez,
meurent. Je mour-ois ; us ; mour-rai ; rois.
Que je meur-e, es, e; mour-ions, iez, meurent;
mourusse. ,
Mouvoir, to move; mouvant, mu, j'ai mii. Je
meus, meus, meat; nous mouvons, ez, raeu-
vent. Je mouvois ; m'.is ; mouv-rai ; rois. Que je
meuv-e, es, e; mouv-ions, iez, meuvent; je musse.
Naitre, to be born; naissant, n6, je suis n6.
Je nais, nais, nait ; nous naiss-ons, ez, ent. Je
naissois ; naquis ; nait-rai ; rois. Que je naisse ;
naquisse.
*t Ouir, to hear; j'ai ou'i, I have heard; j'ouis,
/ heard. Que j'ouisse, that I might hear — J'ois ;
j'oyois; oyez, &c. are quite obsolete— EnioaAxQ
supplies ouir.
* Faitre, to graze, to feed; paissant ; I'oiseau
a pii, the bird has fed. Je p-ais, ais, alt ; nous
p-aissons, aissez, aissent. Je paissois, paitrai,
paitrois. Que je pa.isse— Manger and nourrir
supply the deficient tenses.
Plaire, to please; plaisant, phi, j'a! plu. Je
pl-ais, ais, ait; nous plais-ons, ez, aisent. Je
plaisois, plus, plairai, plairois. Que je plaise:
plusse.
Pleuvoir, to rain; il a plu, il pleuf, pjeuvoit,
plut, pleuvra, pleuvroit. Qu'il pleuve, qu'il pliit,
— The third person plural is used fgurat. IjCS
honneurs pleuvent chez lui, honours pour upon
him.
Poursuivre, to pursue; j'ai poursuivi— Zi&c
suivre.
Pourvoir, to provide; pourvoyant, pourvu, j'ai
pourvu. Je pourv-ois, ois, oit ; oyons, oyez, oienl.
Jc pourvoyois, pourvus; pourvoirai ; pourvoirois.
Que je pourv-oie, oics, oie ; pourv-oyions, oyiez,
oienl ; pourvusse.
Pouvoir, to be able; f)ouvant, pu, j'ai pu. Je
puis or peux, peux, pent; nous pouvons, ez, peu-
vent. Je pouvois; pus; pourrai; pourrois. Que
je puisse ; pusse.
Pr^valoir, to prevail; pr(^valant, pr^valn, j'ai
prevalu. Je prev-aux, aux, aut ; nous pr6val-
ons, ez, ent. Je pr6val-ois ; us; pr6vaud-rai ; rois.
Que je preva le; pr6valusse.
Pre voir, to foresee; prevoyant, pr6vu ; j'ai pr<^-
vu. Je prcv-ois, ois, oit ; oj'ons, oyez, oient. Je
pr6voyois; prcvis, pr6voirai ; pr6voirois. Que
je prcv-oie, oies, oie, oyions, oyiez, oient; pr6-
visse.
* PrornouvoJr, to promote; proinu, j'ai prt)mu
— .Ivanccr supplies the rest.
* Querir, to bring, to fetch — Only used in the
infinitive, with the verbs aller, venir, and envo-
ycr; as allei querir, go and fetch.
Se Rasseoir, to sit again, settle; je nie suis
rassis — like s'asseoir.
Rebouillir, to boil again; j'ai rebouilli— h'Ae
bouillir.
Recoudre, to sew again; j'ai recousu— /i7c«
coudrf.
Recueillir, to gather^ to collect; j'ai recueilli—
tike cueillir.
Relire, to read again; j'ai xe\\x—like lire.
Kemoudre, to grind again; j'ai reiiioulu— Zj'Ae
nioudre.
Renaitre, to be bom again, to be revived — like
naiUe, but Uie participle rene is rallier obsolete.
* Rentraite, to Jiuedraw ; j'ai rentrait — like
traire, and wants the same tenses — Jiejoindre
may supply it.
Repaiire, to feed; repaissant, repu ; j'ai repu.
Je rep-ais, ais, ait; aissfnis, ais^^oz, aissent. Je
repaissois ; repus ; rcpaiirai; repaurois. Q,ueje
repaiii-e ; repusse.
Requerir, to require; j'ai requis — like acqu6-
rjr.
Resoudre, to resolve; resolvant, resolii, j'ai
r6solu. Jf resous, oiis, out; nous resulvons, ol-
vez, oivent. Je resolvois; resolus; rcdouUrai;
resoudroip. Que jt; resolve ; resolusse. — Jiesou-
dre, in tlie sense of clia;>i.'ing a thin!| isiio another,
lias nsoiis for its participle, and lias no feminine;
as un broaillard lesous en pluie, a fog re.soloed
into rain.
Revaioir, to be even icith one; je Ini ai revalu
— like valour.
Revetir, to invest with; rev^lant, revfetu, j'ai
reveiu. Je revets, ftts, et ; rev-ctons, ftlez, clent.
Jerev-fttois; etis; etirai; eiirois. Que jerevoie;
revetisse.
Revivie, to revive; j'ai revecu — like vivre.
Revoir., to see again; j'ai revii — like voir.
Rire, t'j laugh; riant, ri, j'ai ri. Je ri-s, s, t;
liCus ri ons, tz, eni. Je riois , rb, rirai, rirois.
Q.ie je r-ii', es, e; ion.-j, iez, enl ; risse.
* Sailiir, in tlie sen.><e of to gush out, is regular,
but in the sense of to jut out, it is irrej:ii!ar, and
lias only the foliowing iciminatioiis — yailljr, to
jvt out ; ce l)a!c<»:i sailie, sailloil, saillera, saille-
roil trop; fAw balzomj juts out too much, v\c.
.""aiilani, saillante, salient, projecting, is an ad-
jective.
Savt(ir, to know; sachant, su, j'ai su. Je s-ais,
ni>, ait; nous sav-on«', oz, ent. Jesavois; sus ;
r-uiitii ; saurois. Que jo saclie ; susse.
t* S«'oir, to Of come, to Jit well — thai verb is ob-
solete in the inri)iitivc seoir, and gerund scyant.
'Vim following tenses are still in use — II sied, ils
BJeeni ; il .«eyoit, lis soyoient ; ii siera, ils sie-
ronl ; il si6roil, il sieroient. Ex. Cette couleur
VDUs sif;d bien, that colour fits yon well; ens ma-
niert.s ne lui t>\wn\. pas, such manni-rs do not bc-
iimc ki'A. Alter bien, convenir, may snpph/ the
•■c.H.
t' Secir, to sit, be situated; ii(:an{, sittir'g; sis,
sise, situated (law terms) are Ike only uordo in
tise — etie situe supplies it
t* Soudre, to suioc, or reii/^te—qiiiie obsolete
^-li.ci-oudre, suppiiis it.
t* tiourd.'o, to spring out, has only the innni-
live, and il sourd; I'eau sourd de la lerre, the tea
ter springs out of ilie earth — Sortir may supply it
Sourire, to sviiLc; j'ai stjuri — like riie.
* iSoustraire, to subtract, take from; j'ai sou*
li ait — like absuairc — uter, supplies it.
Sutfiie, to sujjice; suliisant, sulli, j'ai suffi. Jj
Euli-is, is, it ; nous sufi-isous, isez, i&ent. Je suf-
lisois ; suflis ; sunVai ; sufiirois. Que jc sulhsc ;
suffissc.
Suivre, to follow; suivant, suivi, j'ai suivi.
Je suis, suis, suit; nous suiv-ons, cz, enl. Je
suivois ; suivis ; suivrai ; suivrois. Que je suive
suivisse.
Surseoir, to supersede, to put off; only used in
law in tne following tenses — Sursoyant, sursis
j'ai sursis. Je ^ui^-ois, nis, oil ; nous surs-oyor.s,
oyent, oieiu. Je sursoyois, sursis ; surseoirai ;
surseoirois. Que je surs-oie, oies, oie; oyions,
oyiez, oient; sursisse. — Suspendre lemcttre, dif-
lertT, may supply it.
Survivre, to outlive; j'ai survdcu — like vivre.
Taire, to conceal; j'ai tu — Se taire, to hold one'i
tongue, je nic suis lu — like plaire.
* Tiaiie, to tailk; trayanl, trait, j'ai trait. Je
ti^ais, ais, ail; nou.« tray-ons, ez, iraieut. Ji: Ira
yois; trairai ; trairois. Que je ir-aie, aies, aie,
ayions, ayiez, aietU. — 7'irtr may sujiply ihe two
preterite lenses.
*t Tistre, to weave, (obsolete) is supplied by
tisser, a verb quite regular, except in ila partiti-
jile, tissu, woven.
Tressaillir, to start; trcssaillant, j'ai tressailli.
Je iressaill-e, es, e ; ons, ez, ent. Je tre^aili-
ois ; is ; irai ; iiois. Que je tressaill-e ; isse.
Vaincre, to vanquish; vaiix-ant, vahicu, j'ai
vaincu. Je vaiacs, vaincs, vaine ; vainquons, ez,
ent. Je vainquois, vainquis; vaincrai ; vain-
crois. Que jevaiiique; vainqui.-sc, — Tiie three
persons singular of tiie indicative inesciil are
belter supplitrd by /c suis victoricux, &.C.
Valoir, lo be icorth; valant, valu, j'ai valu. Je
vaux, vaux, vaul ; nous val-ons, ez, ent. Je va-
lois; valus; vandiai ; vandrois. Que je v-a;Ue,
allies, aille; aiions, aliez, aillent; vaiussc-
V^ijr, to dress; v6ia:it, vciu, j'ai vetu. Je vr ts,
xti?, v6i ; nous vcI-o;ih, ez, cut. Je \ dt-ois ; vci
is; vet-irai ; vet-iroi-;. Que je voic ; vc ti^se — The
three persons sinnular of the indiciUve preseni
arr better supiilieil by habillr.
Vivre, to lice; vivant, vecu, j'ai vecu. Jt: vis,
XXXV
Vouloir, to be willing; voulant, voulu. Je
veux, veux, veut; nous voul-ona, cz, veulent.
Je voulois ; voulus ; voudrai ; voudrois. Que je
v-euille, euilles, euille; oulions, ouliez; euillenl;
voulusse.
vis, vit ; nous viv-onf?, ez, ent. Je vivois ; v6-
cus ; vivrai ; vivrois. Que je vive ; v6cusse.
Voir, to see; voyant, vu, j'ai vu. Je vols.
vois, voit ; nous voy-ons, ci, voient. Je voyois
vis; verrai; vorrois. Que je v-oie, oies, oie
oyions oyiez, oiciit; visse.
CHIEF PREPOSITIONS,
with a JsToun to determine their Regimen.
A trois iieures. Parlez a Sophie
Avam vous ; avant midi
Apros la guerre. Marchez apres lui
Aupres du feu. II est bien aupres du roi
Avcc ma soeur. En guerre avec la France
Aiitour de la inaison. Aulour de moi
Chez lui, Chez elle ; chez les Romains
Ci)ncernant cette affaire importantc
Contre inon avis. Sa maison est contre la mieiine
Dans ma chambre. II est tomb6 dans I'eau
La ville de Paris. Je viens de chez vous. De nuit
Deca If's Aipes; en-deca les Alpes
Defii les Pyrenees ; au-deli'i du Rhin
Depuis mon retour ; depuis Landreci
Chercliez dessus & dessous le li
A, at, to
Avant, before
ApreF, after, next to
Aupres, near, with
Avec, with, against
Autour, about, round
Cliez, at, to, among
Concernant, concerning
CoiUre, against, near
Dans, i», into
De, of, from, by, &.C.
Deca, on this side
Dela, 071 that side
Depuis, since, from
Dessus, on, upon, above }
Dessous, under, beneath I
Devant, before
Derriere, behind
Des, from, very
Durant, during
En, in, into
Entre, between
Euvers, towaras
Environ, about
Excepts, except, but
Fame (le, for want of
Ifors, lionnis, except
Dors do, out of
Jiisquo, ti/l, as far as
Loin df., far from.
Mali.'r<;, in spite of
Moyoiuiant, by means
Noriobstar.t, notwithstanding
Oiitre, besides, beyond
Par, by, through, &c.
Parmi, among
Pundaiit, during
Pour, for
Pres, near, next to
Proche, near, by
Quant a, as to, as for
Sans, without; were it not for;
but for
Sauf, except, with deference to
Sot'.s, under
gdon, according to
Devant le feu; devant le miroir
Derriere la pone; derriere vous
Des cinq heurcs; des ce matin
Durant la guerre; six ans durant
En lil)erl6. L'eau s'6chappe en vapeur
Entre votre frere & ma soeur
Erivors Dieu. Eiivers lui &. nioi
Environ quinze ans; environ deux heures
Excepte votre cousine
Faute dV^conomie ; faute d'argent
Hors votre frere. Hormis I'honneur
Hors de danger; hors du royaume
Jasqu'a Paris ; jusqu'au bout, jusque la
Loin de la eour. Loin de scs amis
Malgrti votre pe.re. Malgre les difficult(!&
Moyennant sa protection ; moyennant du terns
Nonobstant la trahison de ces coquins
Outre scs detles. Outre nier
Par son ordre. Par 1-a feiietre
Parmi la noblesse. Parmi vous
Pendant I'automne. Pendant le sermon
Pour la paix ; pour vous, pour moi
Pres de la tour; pres de neuf heurea
Proche le palais ; proche du palais
Quant a moi j'aiiiie la sinc6rit6
Point d'amiti* sans franchise. Sans eux tout iroit blen
Tout est perdu sauf I'esp^rance. Sauf votre meilleur avii
Sous votre protection. Sous la table
Coniportez vous selon les lois
XXXVl
Suivant, according to
Sur, on, upon, above
Touchant, concerning
Vera, towards, about
Vi3-a-vi3, opposite
Vu, considering
Suivanl I'ordre du roi
Sur ma parole. Sur nos ifetes
Toucliant cettc raalheureuse affaire
Vers I'orient. Vers l'ann6e 1819
Vis-a-vis r6glise; ris-a-vis de I'^glise
Vu les circonstances presenles
CHIEF CONJUxXCTIONS,
With a Verb to exemplify the Mwd they require.
The following Conjunctions govern the Indicative
Ainsi que, as; as well af
A ce que, according to; as
A mesure que, in proportion as
Apres que, ic/ien
Attendu que, as; because
Aussiidt que, as soon as
Autant que, as far as
Comme, koic, as
Des que, as soon as
Depuis que, since
Lorsque, when
Parceque, because
Pendant que, while
Puisque, seeing that, since
Quand, when
Selon que, according to; a
Si, if, whether
Sitot que, as soon as
Tamils que, while
Tant que, as long as
Ainsi que je vous I'ai dit
A ce que je puis juger
A mesure que je uavaille
Apres que vous aunz din6
Attendu qu'il a tort
Aussiiot que vous serez rentr6
Autani que je puis croire
Voyez comme ils dispulenl
Des que la paix sera faite
Depuis que vous etcs a Londres
Lorsque le roi paroitra
Parceque je vous aime
Pendant que nous somnes libres
Puisque vous ni'aimez
Quand vous viendrcz chez moi
Selon qu'il etudiera
Si vous venez ; s'il est pauvre ou rio:
Sit6t que nous tiimes dine
Tandis qu'il fait beau terns
Tant que je serai a Batli
Vu qu'il est ignorant
Vu que, seeing that, because
The following Conjunctions govern the Substantive.
* A condition que, on condition that
A Dieu ne plaise que, Ood forbid
A fin que, that; to the end that
A moins que, ne, unless
Avant que, before
Au cas que, in case; if
Bien que, tho\ although
De crainte que, ne, /or fear
De peur que, ne, for fear; lest
Dieu veuille que, God grant
En cas que, in case; if
Encore que, although
Loin que, /ar from
Moyennant que, provided that
Plaise a Dieu que, God grant
Pour que, to the end that
Pourvu que, provided that
A condition qu'il le dise
A Dieu ne plaise qu'il meure
Afin que vous s<n ez en repos
A moins que vous ne veniez chez moi
Avamt que nous fussions Iev63
Au cas qu'on vous appercoive
Bien que je sois pauvre
De crainte qu'il ne meure
De peur qu'il ne viennc
Dieu veuille qu'il reviennc
En cas que je ne sois pcis chez moi
Encore que vous soyez riche
Loin que nous soyons vaincus
Moyennant qu'il vienne
Plaise a Dieu que nous ayons la paix
Pour que j'aille en France
Pourvu qu'elle soil honorable
* A condition que, Is also conatrued with the future and conditional ; but then it means certaintf
and not mere supposition.
xxxvu
Clnoique, although ' Quoique vous soyez sans amis C
s?ans que, without Sans que j'y aille ^. i
•Soil que, whether Soit que vous y alliez ou non
Suppose que, suppose that Suppose qu'ils fissent la paix
The following Conjunctions govern the Infinitive.
A, to, in J'aime— je me plais a converser
De, to; of Cessez de lui parler. Le plaisir d'obllger
Pour, to; in order to Pour jouer ; piour se divertir
I'ar, by, with II finira par se ruiner
Apres, after Apres, avoh din6 ; apres, s'Stre battu
Sans, without Sans aimer, sans boire, sans manger.
N. B. Remember that the conjunctions d, de, pour, apres, par, sans, can only govern verbs in the
infinilive; and never say: d'ayant, sans ay ant, apres s' etant battu, par se iminant, par V ayant
fait — or such like expressions. It is a gross error, which beginners leave off with difficulty.
CHIEF ADVERBS.
Most of the French adjectives may become adverbs, by the addition of ment to their masculine,
if ending in e,i, u; or to their feminine, if ending otherwise. Ex. ais<^, poll, absolu, sage, doux,
vif, adj. Aisement, poliment, absolument, sagement, doucement, vivement, ad. <S-c. <!S-c. Such ad-
verbs we leave to the Dictionary, and practice in reading ; we only select here those that are radical
of tiieinselves, or the meaning of which is not sufliciently explained by their etymology.
A califourchon, astride
A contre-coeur, unwillingly
A couvert, sheltered
A decouvert, openly
A di'ssein, on purpose
A droite, on the right
\ faux, wrongly
A. foison, plentifully
A fond, thoroughly
A tleur d'cau, even with the water
A gauche, on the left
A jamais, /or ever
Ailleurs, elsewhere
Aiiisi, thus
A la file, in a row
A la t'ois, at once
A la Fran^oise, after the French way
A r amiable, amicably
A !a legere, wantonly
A la renverse, backwards
A la londe, round about
A la volee, at random
A r6(;art, aside
A Pendroit, on the right side
A r en vers, on the wrong side
A renvi, vying icith one another
A Vv.lounWe, rashly
A I'improviste, unawares
Alors, then, at that time
A nierveille, exceeding well
A peine, hardly
. . plate couture, totally; soundly
Aller a caUfourchon
J'agis a contre-coeur,
Nous sommes a couvert
Parlez a d6couvert
Je I'ai fait adcssein
Tournez a droite, puis a gauche
Vous maccusez a faux
Nous avons de tout a foison
Je connois cet homme a fond
La digue est a fleur d'eau
Prenez a gauche, & tournez a droite
II est a jamais ruin6
Je m'ennuie ici, allons aiileurs
Vous le poulcz aiiisi, j'y consens
lis entrevent tous ;i la file
Voui entteprenez trop a la foia
Nous vivons a la Francoise
Arrangez-vous a ramiable
Ne faites rien a la Itigere
Vous tomberez a la renverse
Buvons a la ronde
II parle toujours a la vol6e
Je lui parlorai a I'^cart
Regardez cette 6toffe a I'endrolt
Vos bas sont a I'envers
Ces demoiselles 6tudient a I'envi
Vous avez agi a I'tlourdie
Votre frere est survenu a rimproviste
Je demeurois alni-s a Paris
Votre sceur danse a merveille
A peine sait-il fire
lis ont &Ub baitus a plate couture
A plaisir, designedly; well
A pleiii, jfu//y
A ploriib, ptrpendicidarly
A point nom;ue, in the very time
Apros, after
A propos, in time; properly
A quartier, aside
A reculons, backwards
Assez, enough
A tatons, groping along; in.the dark
A tort, wrongly
Au d6[xjurvu, unawares
Ajourd'hui, to-day; now-a-days
Auparavant, bffore
Auiant, as much, as many
Autr 'fois, formerly
Auvaiit, /ur, dtep
Aulour, round; about
Beaucoup, much., many
Bien, well; much
Bientot, soon
ca & la, here and there
C6ans, here
Cependant, in tlu mean time; however
C«rtes, indeed
Combicn, how much, how many
Comment, how
D'abord, at first
Davantage, more
De biais, slopingly
De bonne foi, sincerely
De bon jeu, fairly
De but en blanc, bluntly; rashly
De front, abreast; side by sidt
De guet-apens, wilfully
De guingois, awry
De gr6, willingly
Dehors, out; not at home
De jour, by day
Demain, to-morrow
De niveau, on a level
De nuit, by night
De plus, besides, moreover
De plus belle, again and again
Depuis, since
De gaiet6 de coeur, on purpose
Derechef, again
Derriere, behind
Des-lors, even then
De son chef, of his own accord
Desormais, henceforth
Devant, before
Dor6navant,/ar the future
Encore, yet: again.- still
Enfin, at length
Cet habit est fait a plaisir
Frapptz le voJant a ploin (shuttle-cock)
Cette niuraiile est a plomb
Vous etes venu a point noinm^
Vous irez devant &: lui apres
Nous voici arrives fort a propos
Je ne puis niettre d'argent a quartier
Leurs troupes inarchoiit a reculons
L'avare ne dii jamais assez
Je suis venu ici d tatons
Vous me querellez a tort
II nous a j»ris au depounu [d'hui
II fait chaud aujourd'hui ; ia mode d'aujour-
Je veux diner aujiaravant
Ce diamaut vaut autant que ce rubis
C'etoit autrefois la mode
X'allez pas si avant. II creuse trop avant
Regardez tout autour
Cet honmie a beaucoup lu
II se pone bien ; il tiavaille bien
Dinerons-nous bitntot ?
Des bataillons epars ca &. Ik
II dinera ctans
Cependant la nuit s'approclie
Certes, dii-il, vous avez tort
Savez-vous combien ct'la coutel
Je ne sais comment il pent vivre
Apprenez d'abord vutic lecon
Je u'en dirai pas davantaiige
Ne coupez pas cette eioffe de biais
Je vous paile de bonne foi
J'ai gague la parte de bon jeu
II m'a qiierell6 de but en blanc
Marchons quatre de front
On I'a tufe de guet-aj)ens
Pourquoi vous lenez-vous de guingoisi
II le fera de er6 ou de force
Dehors canaille. II est all6 dehors
II vaut mieux voyager de jour
Adieu jusqu'a demain
Ce jardin n'est pas de niveau
Nous partirons de nuit
Donnez quelqiie clif>>e de plu?
II s'est endettt de plus belle
Je ne vous ai pas vii dipuis
Vous m'insullez de gaiete de coeur
Que n'essayez-vous derechef?
Marchez, ne restrz pas derriere
Je le connoissois dts-lors
II s'est ruint de son chef
Je ne le verrai f)ius d»*sorma!9
Passez-devant, je vous suivrai
R6fl6chis9ez-y bien dor^navant
E^ayez-encore. F.Ile vit encore
Cette affaire est enfin terminOe
Kii mdiii!' (le rien, /« a ti ire
Kii5.tiiil)le, together
Ensuiie, uftiricards
Environ, about; near about
Expres, on pvi-pose
Fort & fcinie, stoutly; positively
Guerc, Idtle; but Utile; few
Hier, yesterday
Jariis, ^w^ o^o; m ^/ze old time
Jamais, ever (with 71c, never)
[ci; here
Jusqii'ou, how far
Loin, far
Maintenant, now
Alieux, better; rather ^
Moinp, less
Naguere, nut long ago
Nulle part, no where
On., where, whither
Oui, yes
O Mi-da, yes indeed, indeed!
Par riie!j;arfie, inadvertently
Par niejif ise, by mistake
Par-tout, every where
Pele-ni6le, in confusion
Pen, little, few
Vcut-tue, perhaps, may be
Pis, worse
Plus, more
Pour lors, then; therefore
Px(;;\.\AhU:men^, previously
Pres, vtar; ici prcs, hereby
Q'.iasi, almost
(iuelquefois, sometimes
Qiiolque part, somewhere
Sans faron, without ceremony
Pens dt4?ns dessous, topsyturvy
Soxivent, often, oftAvtiities
Sur le cJianip, immrdiately
Tanl, so vnich, so many
Tant ?oit pen, etur so little
Toujonrs. ahcaijs; still
T6t ou fard, soon or late
T<»ur a tour, by turns
Tout a fait, t/uH*; entirely
Tf)nt a la lois, nil at once
Tout antant,j«i;/ tbat
Tout a rebours, tpiite wrong
Tout de l)on, m earnest
Tout do suite, immrdiately
Tciuf droit, .straight along
Tout-a-coup, suddenly
Trop, too much, too many
Vis-j'i-vi?, opposite, over against
Volontiers," uiUini^ly
11 dispaml en nsoins de rlen
Kous sonmies souveiU ensemble
i^Cous irons chez voiis ensuite
II est environ six hemes
Kous sonijnes venus ici tout expres
Je ni'y oj;[ioserai fort & fernie
11 n'y a guere de vrais patriotes
Elle parlii hier au niaiin
Jadis lesevcques 6toient pauvres
Je n'y consentiiai jamais
Venez-ici, nion bon ami
Jnsqu'oii devez-vons lire ?
iS'ous n'irons pas loin awjoutd'liui
Etes-vons pr&t maii:itn-i!ii?
Je me porte mieux. .Vain-e mienx y aller
RIoinsdebiens, moins dc soins
Je I'ai vu naguere (il i:'y a unere)
Je ne ptiis le trouver nulle part
Oil allez-vous si vite ?
Dites-inoi oui ou nim
Oui-da, je lui parleiai
Je I'ai fait par m6garde
Elle vous a sahi6 p?ir ni6prise
Jevoiis suivrai par-lout
Tons rues Ijvrcs sont pele-mele
I'ai peu <l'argeiit et peu d'amis
Je vous 6crirai peul-6tre demain
Vous ne pourriez faiie pis
Cela ne vaut pas plus d'une giiin6e
Pour !ors que fera-t-il 1
Je veux pr^'ahlement payermes dettea
11 est loge ici pies
On ?c tronipc quasi toujours en politique
<iuelquefois je devine juste
J'ai !u cctte anecdote qnelque part
Je-vous prie, vi\onp sansfncon
Tout ici est sens dessus dessous
Pailez souvent Francois
Nous noTts eeparfiint's suv le champ
Voici tant jK.ur vous et tant pournioi
Donnez ni'en tant poil pen
Vous parlez toujonrs. II est tougours vivant
Cela arrivei-a tot ou tai-d
Parlez lorrr a tcnir
IVIa sa-ur est. toul-a-fait r<^iaMie
J(! vous payerai lout a la fois
Ce «lrnp vaut tout nrttant
il fait tout ;i revours
Je vous parle tout fie bon
Ver;ez tout de suite
jMlez tout droit
II entra tout-a-conp
VoHs parlez-trop
II demeure vis-a-vis
Je voui: obligerai voloiitlere.
xl
INTERJECTIONS. There are not words
enough in any hinguage, to express all our ideas ;
especially in sudden emotions of tlie mind —
Hence the use of interjections — As tlie greater
part of iJie expressions used on such occasions
are taken from nature alone, the real interjections
in most languages are monosyllabical — We think
it useless to give here an unmeaning list of ah^
t)h, ouais, ouJ\ Ji, chut, &c. &,c. ; they are in the
Dictionary.
The same imparity between languages and our
ideas, has given rise to the figurative style ; by
which, with proper judgment, the speech acquir^
much dignity and energy. As many figures of
Rhetoric are often mentioned in common gram-
mar, we shall hure define the chief of them.
The Simile illustrates one object by conjparing
it to another, to which it bears a manifest rela-
tion — Ex. •' She never told her love, but let con-
cealment, like a worm i' the bud, feed on her da-
mask cheek."— He behaves like a bear.
The Metaphor is a figure by which we make
wso of a word to express an object to which that
word does not literally belong. Metaphorical ex-
pressions give great energy to the language. One
might say that a metaphor is a simile without the
tiign of a comparison like or as— Ex. Lite is a
stormy sea. Tliat woman is a crocodile ; her sis-
ter is a lamb. Envy scatters her venom on ail
sides, and often withers the bloss<jins of mer^t.
An Allegory \& a series of metaphors continued
to some length. A fable might be termed an alle-
gory. We have the simile, metai)lior, and alle-
gory combined through the whole soit^ aC Solo-
mon. — " I am the rose of Sharon, aiKJlly? lily of
the valleys. As the lily among thnatiffln is my
love among the daugiiters. As the apple-tree
among the trees, so is my biloved among the sons ;
I sat under his shadow, and his fruit was sweet
to my taste. Awake, O, North-wind : and come,
thou South, blow upon my garden, that il» spices
may flow out,"
The J]ntithi.sis is a contrast of words which
serve, like shades, to set off op|X)site qualities —
Ex. " In all thy humours, whether grave or mel-
low—thou art such a touchy, testy, pleasant fel-
low— hast so much wit, and mirth, and spleen
about thee —there is no living with thee, nor with-
out thee."
Tlie Hyperbole is a figure by which the reality
of things is either excessively enlarged, or dimi-
nished— £:z. " So light was Camilla, tJiat she
might have run over the wavering ears of com
without bending them." — " His pond'rous shield
behind him he" cast; Ute brgad cUcumfereqce
hung on his shoulders like the moon." — A comic
poet said of a nobleman, proud and poor : Hia
estate is not larger than a Lacedemonian Epistle,
and his pride reaches from one pole to the other.
By the Irony we let understand the contrary
of what we say. Thus we call a fool a Holomon;
and a scolding woman a lamb.
By the ^ipostrophe we suddenly address our
speech to any object, wlieilier present or atjsent,
animate or inanimate. — " Ye angels, sing hia
praise ; on earth join, all ye creatures. Air, and
ye elements, praise him ; convey his praise, ye
winds."
The Prosopopeia calls forth absent and dead
pers<inSi and supposes life and reason in inani-
mate and irrational objects. 'J'here is a great si-
milarity betwixt this figure and the apostrophe;
in the latter we suddenly address our speech to
any object, and in the f(»riner we lend voice and
passions to it. — Ex. " Hear the voice of your
country, Catiline, thus she speaks to you ; retire,
Catiline, retire ; your crimes have overthrown my
laws, your atrt>cilies desolate me, my veins are
open; retire, Catiline, and allow some rest to
your desolate mother."
As it is very essential to the thorough learning
of a language, not to mistake one part of si)eech
for another, we finish this section with giving a
classical and methodical scheme for parsing a
sentence. The examples, with very little change,
may suit any language.
Article. Qufstions: Is it defiiite, or indefinite
partitive? What gender 1 What number?
Examples. Le ponvoir du roi, tke power of tht
hivg; itt'libette des honunes, the liberty of vicu.
J'ai du pain, de la viaiule, <its pommes ; I have
bread, meat, apples.
.Application. /.«, definite art. ms. — rfit, contrac-
tion of de le, definite art. ms.— Aa, definite art.
fs. — de.i, contraction af de ies, dif art. com. gen.
der pi — (/M,inthescnseofs</>nc,indi;f. part, ms --
dcla, in the .'Hiu.se of .•}<;/«e,indef. pait. fs. — des, in
llie sense of some, indef. part, com gender, pi.
Substantive. Ques*iiiis: What gender? what
number? Ifthe noun be singular, name its plural ;
if it be plural, name its singuliir.
Examples. Le pouroir du roi; la liberli des
homines'; le priz des denrees, the price of provi
sions.
.application. I'ouvoir, substantive, ms. pou
voirs, for its pi. — JAberte, subst. fs. liberies^ for
its pi. — Prix, subst. i^s. prix for its pi.— Denr^cs,
subst. f. pi. denree for its singular.
Adjective. Qursiions: What gender? what
Duiuber 1 what docs it agree with in tJ\e sM\t<?i^ce1
xli
If it be masculine, name its fern. If it be femi-
nine, name its ms.
Examples. Un beau chapeau, a fine hat; ces
femmes soxitjolies; those ladies are pretty; cette
fille est orgueilUuse — tkat girl is proud.
Jipplication. Beau, noun adj. ms. agrees with
chapeau; it lias belle for its feminine. — Jolics,
noun adj. f. pi. agrees with femmes ; it has joli
for its masculine Orgutilleuse, noun adj. fs.
agrees with fille; it has orgucilleux, for its mas-
culine.
Pronoun. Questioiis: Is it personal, possessive,
relative, demonstrative, or iiideterminatel What
gender 7 what nuntber 1 witli wiiat does it agree
in the sentence ?
Examples. Elle a mon livre, she has my book.
Cette plume ne vaut rien, this pen is good for
nothing. L'homme qui vous paiioit, the man
who was speaking to you. 11 y a qudques amies,
some years ago.
..fipplication. Elle, pronoun pers. fs. — Jl/o/i,
pronoun poss ms. agrees with liore — Cette, pro-
noun demonstr. fs. agrees with plume — Qui, pro-
noun rel. common gendei and numher, agrees with
hommc — Quelques, pronoun indoter. pi. common
gender, agrees with annecs.
Verb. Questions: Name its infinitive — its per-
son—its number â €” its tense — its mood.
Examples. Pendant tju'lis etoient ensembl6,
feiitendis sonner midi ; while they were together,
J heard twelve o^ clock strike. Quoiqu'il paroisss
heureux, n'aiviez pas son sort; tho' he may stem
happy, do not envy his situation.
jipplication. Ktoicnt, iroui itre ; 3d pers.pl.
imperf. tense, indie, mood — Entendis, ftom en-
tendre; 1st pers. sing, preterite deriniie, indica-
tive mood— faroisse, {rom par o'ttre, 3d pers. sing
pr. tense, subjunct. mood — Envicz, from cnvier ;
2d pers. pi. imperat. mood.
Preposition. Wliat does it govern hi the sen-
tence ?
Examples. Avant midi; sans argent; before
noon; without money.
Jipplication. Jloant, a preposition, governs
midi — sans, a preposition, governs argent.
Conjunction. What mood does it require!
Name the verb it acts upon in the sentence.
Examples. Eorsque le roi enira, when the king
came in. — Quoique vous soyez riche, tho' you be
rich. JeUspour in' aiuustr, I read to amuse myself.
Jipplication. Eorsque, a conjunction, requires
the indie. — Here it governs eutra. — Quoiquc, a
conjunction, requires the subjunct. — Hero it go-
verns soyez — Pour, a conjunction, requires the
infinitive — Here it governs amuser.
Advetbs and interjections. Only name them.
Examples, jih! mon ami, agissez prudem-
ment: ah, my friend, act prudently.
Application. Ah is an interjection — Prudem-
meat is an adverb.
SECTION IV.
UND A MENTAL RULES OF THE FRENCH LANGUAGE
GENERAL DIRECTIONS. Never neglect to
ascertain the parts of speech which compose the
English sentences you have to turn into French.
1. For a Verb— Make sure of its mood, person,
number, and tense, look for its subject, and ob-
serve whether it has an object.
that occur in almost every French sentence —
Tl;e Ibt The verb agrees in person and number
with its subject. Ex. Je parle, vous parlez, il
parlc, mon ftere parle ; nous parlous, il parlent,
mes freres parleront, mon frere et ma siBur ont
parle.— The 2d. The article agrees in gender and
2. For a Substantive — Ascertain its gender and number with its substantive, and so do the adjec-
number
3. For an Adjective— Find the Substantive with
which.it agrees.
4. For a Preposition and a Conjunction— Ob-
nerve what word or words they govern in the
sentence.
5. Never lose sight of two fundamental rules
tive and pronoun. Ex. liC bon pere, un inechant
pere, les bons pcres: la honne mere, une ni6-
chant mere, les bonnes meres.
This previous care rcrt//y shortens the time re-
quired for writing an e.xcrc ise ; anil prevents that
random manner of composing which torments the
mast<;rs, and disgusts llie pupils.
SYNTAX OF THE ARTICLES. See page xvi.
N. B. When the learners come to this sijclion,
it may be supposed they are ablo to make out a
common Frt- neh sentence ; therefore no traiisla-
lioTi will be given to the examples. But, in sup-
posing the contrary, they may first b<; employed
in translating the examples, which will thus ac-
cidentally become doubly useful.
1. Nouns us<;d in a general sense; take no article
in English, but they must have the definite arti-
cle in French. Ex. Le pain est cher. La vie n'esi
xlii
qii'un songe. Lcs rois ne sont que des homines.
La paii ei raboiidance rendeut les homines heu-
reiix
2. By a consequence of the preceding rule,
names of countries, kingdoms, and provinces
lake no article in English^ but tliey receive tne
definite article in French.
Rx. La France est plus grande que I'Angle-
terre, plus petite que la Kubsie, et aussi grande
que I'Espagne. La Brctagne est moins fertile
que la Aorinandie. L' Arabic a la Perse a rE:st,
et PAfriipie au Sud.
3. If the sentence expresses the going to a
country (in Europe) or the coining from Tt, the
article is commonly supplied by the prepositions
en and de — But, if the country is not in Europe,
the preceding rule has generally its lull force.
F.x. Guand irez-vousen France, "en Espagne, en
Itaiie, en Turquie? II vieui d'arriver de Portu-
gal, de Russie, de Pologne, de Suede— 11 est alle
au Japon, a la chine, au Me.\ique, au Perou.
J'arrive du Perou, de la Guiane, de I'lndostan.
4. When two comparatives are set, either in
opposition, or in conipari&:>n, in the same sen-
tence, the definite article expressed in English,
is not to be rendered in French. Kx. Plus je la
vols, plus je I'aime. Plus je le frcquenle, moins
je restiine.
5. A noim of measure and u-eight takes the ar-
ticle a or an in English, and the definite le, la in
French. — Par often supplies /<•, la in sf>eaking of
reckoning, salary, attendance, &c. F.%. La viande
EC vend oiize sous la livre. Cette dentelle vaut
nne guin6e I'aune. Ce diner nous coulera six
chelins par t^'te. Ou voiis demandera deux che-
lins par mille. Je lui donne cinquante guin6es
par an. Je donne deux guinees par mois, etje
recois deux leconspar semaine.
6. Of is frequenly understood in English, and
pupplied by an aiKistrojihe. but it must be ex-
pressed in French. F.x. Le cliapeau de mon frere.
Le manchon de masccur. La modestie de Caro-
line. Les folles depenses de votre ami.
7. Of is likewise suppressed in Englieh in
many comfxtund nftuns, but it must be expressed
in French ; viz.
Sometimes by «}, aw, a la, h V , aux, to express
how things are prepared or combined, or to de-
fine tlieir fitness and instrumental use. Fx. Un
inoulin a raft'e. De la prmdre a canon. Le march6
au foin. Du frcmiage a la creme. La bouieille a
I'encrc. — Likewise to describe a jierson or a thing
by some distinctive sijrn or habit, fx La fenuiie
p.iix huiircs. La demoise le au rnhan bleu.
Sometimes by de, to express a simple relation
between two ncruns, the second of which has al
ways tJie mcanitig of an adjective. In Jiabit d'e-
cariate. Un jKintde pierre. Des has de soic Une
maison de bnque. Un carossede remise, a glajsa
cuach.
b. When a preposition and a noun, or a verb
and a noun, present tlie sense of an adjective or
of an adverb; that is, express only one idea, no
article is to be used. Ex. Je suis sans amis. IVous
vivons sans souci. Etudiez avec attention. II a
confiance en vrus. J'ai compassion de lui
9. Proper names take no article, excejit those
of s<jme renowned Italian poets and painters ,
and some names formed from common substnn
lives. Ex. Ale.vandre, Pyrrhus et Cesar ont de-
sole la terie ; le Tasse, I'Arioste, et le Titien ont
illusire I'lialie. Lisez les fables de ia Fontaine,
et les caracteres de la Bmyere.
10. When some or any are either expressed or
understood in English, they are rendered into
French by the partitive article du, de. In, do /',
des, or the preposition de before adjectives. Ex.
J'ai du papier, de la cire, de I'encre et des plumes.
Avez vous achele du the. delamoutarde, de I'in-
digo et des cerises? II a du courage et de Ja ge-
ne recite.— J'ai de beau jtapier, d'excellente cire,
de bonne encre etde bonnes plumes.
11 . But if the adjective and substantive form
together a kind of compound noun, that is, pre-
sent but one idea, the article resumes its right.
Ex. C'est un admirateur du bon touet du bel-es-
prit. Cet homme a du bon sens.
J2. The French make use of de in some par-
ticular phrases— After quclque chose, ritn, quoi,
qudqu'un persovnc, pns, point, avtant, assei,
benucoup, and all adverbs expressing quantity.—
Before a participle preceded by a noun of num-
ber. ITr. Quelque chose d'etoimant. Jenesais
rien de nouveau. Quoi de plus juste que cette
loi ! Y a-t-il quelqu'un de mecontent? 11 n'a pas
d'argent. Je n'ai point d'ambition. Nous avons
auiant de livresque vous. Elle a beaucoupd'en-
fans. II y a eu deux officiers de blesses, et dix
hommes de tue.*.
\'.\. Bien, in the sewse of beaueonp. requfresthc
df finite article, whereas beaucovp takes only de.
Ex. Bien du chacrin— beaucoup de chagrin
Bien des amis — beaucoup d'amis. Bien de Tar-
pent— beaucoup d'argent. Bien de la modestie —
beaucoup de nKxiesiie
14. The articles a and the are often inserted in
the form of a short parenthesis, when they are
not to ne expressed in French. Ex. Le Due d'Or-
leans, prince du sang, a ete guillotine a Paris,
Alexandre fils de Philippe, tua son anru Clym»,
xliii
- n guerre, fleau dcs peuples, est le jeu des priu-
-. Les plus belles tieurs, iiaturelle image de la
iiut , ne dureiit t;uere i)lus d'uii jour.
15. 4 and one used in English before hundred
and thousand, are not to be expressed iu Frencli.
Ex. J'ai gagne niille guin6fes. Je vous en prete-
tai cent. L'an mil liuil cent dix ncuC Dussions-
iious vivre cent ans, disons nreme mille ans, il
nous resteroit encore bien des clioses a appren-
dre,
16. Tlie article a is not to be expressed in
Frencli, after tiie verbs etrc, devenir, passer., pour,
&c. wlien they have not ce for their subject. Ex.
II est niedecin. Elle est duchesse. Vous devien-
drez royaliste — C'est un jii6decin. C'est une
duchesse.
The reason of tlie rule is, that, in the construc-
tion williout cc, tJie substantive is taken a</;'ecai;e-
SVNTAX OF
1. We repeat again, as a very essential rule,
that the adjective must agree with its suljstantive
in gender and number. Ex. Un liomme adroit,
des homines adroits. Une femme adroite, des
femmes adroites.
2. When two or m'ire substantives have a
conunon adjective, thai adjective nmst be in the
plural. — If the substantives are of ditlerent gend<.'r,
the adjective must be of the masculine plural.
Ex. Monfrereet mononclesonthardis. Masceur
et ma tante sont hardit^s. Mont frure et ma soeur
bont liardis.
3. If there is no verb between the substantives
and tlie adjective, Ihat adjective agrees v/iih the
last substantive. Ex. Cet acleur jnue-avec un
gout et une nobhwse (;liarniante. Cet acteur joue
avec une noblesse et un gout charmaut.
4. The jilace of an adjective in French, is com-
monly aficr its substantive.* Ei. Je hais le tenis
froid. J'ainie la nnisique Iialien?ie. Elle avoit
une robe blene. Une fennne douce et modeste.
5. However, we may observe here that the ad-
jectives beau, hon, grand, petit, jeuve,joli, mau-
vnis, and mf-ehant are generally plac(-d before
their s'.ibstaiitivcs. Ex. Un bean cheval. Un bon
ly, and the Frencli syntax does not permit to
place an article before an adjective, separated
from its substantive by a verb. We exjilain in
the syntax of tiie verbs, vvlien cc in to be used.
17. Tiie article is to be repeated in Frencli be-
fore all the substantives that are oitiier tiie sub-
ject or the object of the same vci b. Ex. Le bled,
le vin, I'huile et les legumes soni les licliesses
naturelles d'un etat. J'admire la patience, 1' in-
duslrie, I'economie, la sobriete et la perseverance
d'un bon agriciilteur.
18. The preposition in, which follows a super-
lative in English, is rendered into French by du,
de la, de V, des, de. Ex. Elle passe pour la plus
belle femme de Londres. C'est le plus beautema
de I'annee. Je iiommerois bien hs plus grands
coquins du royaume. La plus giande villc des
Pays Bas.
THE NOUxNTS.
enfant. Une grande femme. De petits oiseaux.
Une jeunehlle. Dejolisrubans. Demauvais vin.
Un intchaiit hoiiime.
G. JVm, naked, and demi, Jialf, agree with their
substantive, when they follow it ; and remain in-
declinable when they precede it. Ex. II va nu-
pieds, nu-tete ; il va les pieds nns, la tete«nue.
J'ai achete une aiine et demie de diap, et une
demi-aiine de dentelle.
7. Tout, ill the sense of all and whole, agrees in
gender and number with its substantive. Ex
Tout le royaume, toiite la terre ; tons les liom-«^
UK'S, toutes les femmes.
But tout in the sense of though, evtr so jnnch,
and (juitc, has a very irregular construction be-
fore adjectives, substantives takt-n adjectively,
and adverbs. — If the adjective is masculine, tout
is aiioays indeclinable. — If the adj'Ctive is fe-
minine, most writers make towt deilinalile before
a consonant, and indeclinable beline a vowel. —
Ex. Un hoiiime tout jilein de cduir; des homines
tout pleins de C(Eiir. Tout brave qu'il e&t; tout
braves qu'ils sont — Kile est tout attligf^'e ; elle est
loute rejouie ; ellcs sont tout atiligef-s ; elles sont
tontcs itijouies. — Tout aiinable (jn'elle est ; tout
* I say cnmiaoiilij, because it often happens that
t!ie same adji'ctivcs may be placed eitln.'r b(;foie
or after their subslaiitives. But, this depending
on a nicety of criticism and ear, which nothing
but a long practice can give, and which it would
be injudicious to suppose in beginners, I think it
necessary to avoid such a dissertation in these
Clements. - When the learners are well grounded
in the fundanienial rules ; and liave, by reading
much, sntticiently harmoiii/.ed their ears to the
elegant and select turns of the French language,
they may have lecom-st tu the Complitc Sy.-<tnn
of ihc French Languagi-, by Mr. SALMON* from
liage •2!t7 to 310, an e.vcellent treatise, which I
have carefully consulted, with great pleasure to
myself, and considerable advantage to this little
work.
x\W
aiinables qu'ellcs sont — Toiiie jolie qu'elle est,
toutes Jolics qij'elles soiii — Elle est tout ceil el
lout oreille ; elles soiit tout ceil et tout oreille.
ri. Quflque in the sense of some, agrees willi
its substantive. £x. Q,uelque lioniine, quelques
homnies.
Quii'jue with que in the sense of though, what-
ever, is declinable: — when it is joined to a sub-
stantive alone— or, to a substantive followed by
its adjective — or, to an adjective iminediatebj fol-
lowed by its substantive — But, it is indeclinable
before an adjective, not iiumediately followed by
its substantive— In all those cases the verb must
lie put in the subjunctive. Ex. (iur-lques litres
que vous ayez. Ciu»'lques litres 6clatans que vous
ayez. (iuel>;ues grands litres que vous ayez.
Quelque puissans que soient les rois.
Quelgue, in the sense of whatever, immediately
followed by a verb, in French, is resolved into the
declinable adjective quel, quelle, quels, quelles,
with que close to it, and the verb in the subjunc-
tive. Ex. Quel que soil cet homme. Quelle que
jiaroisse sa situation. Quels que puissent etre
vos litres. Quelles que soient vos raisons.
y. The adjective, without a substantive, is of
the masculine gender, and lakes the article ; be-
cause it has then the full value of a substantive.
Ez. Preferous I'ulile a Tasr^able. Les enfans
aiment le rouge. Le beau n'est pasloujours bon.
J'aime niieux le vert que le bleu.
10. The adjectives of dimension, such as hipk,
d'cp, broad, Slc. have a peculiar construction in
French. — Observe carefully; \st, to use acoir in-
stead of ctre, when the adjective of dimension is
turned into a substantive; 2ndlij, to repeal de be-
SYNTAX OF T
Persoiuil Pronouns. — 1. .\ pronoun personal
subject governs the verb; and a pronoun personal
ohjlct is governed by the verb.
s. o n. O. 8.
F.I. Jo voU3 aiine. Vous nous consolez. — Nous
0. , .t. 0. o.
Its proti'geons. II lui parlera. Consolez-la. Par-
n
|.-/.-lrur.
2. A jironoin personal subject cannot be parted
from its verb but by ,i pronoun personal object,
tiifc snpplyina pronouns y, en, or the negative nr.
Ez. \ou3 voyons souvenl voire frere. Je vous
aimerai toiijours. Vous en parlez sans cesse. Je
ne m'y fi-^ pas— .^nd not; Je toujours vous aime-
rai ; no'13 souvent, voyons, &c.
3. When m»ny pronouns of different persons
re Uie subject of a verb, they become disjunc-
fore the number, and before the substantive of
dimension, with the verb etre, and with void,
voila. Ex. Ce mur a vingt pieds de hauteur et
trois de largeur. Voili un mur de vingt pieds de
hauteur, et de trois de largeur ; or, de haul £z. de
largo.
We might likewise say with the verb 6tre and
an adjective — (,'e nmr csl haul de vingt pieds et
large de trois.
11. When an ordinal number is added in Eng^
lish to proper names, in order to point out their
order or rank, we make use of a cardinal number
in French, e.vcept for_^rs£aiid seco/iei that remain
ordinal. Ex. Henri premier, second, trois, qualre,
cinq, six, sept, hull.
12. An adjective becomes comparative in
French, by adding to it plus more, mains less,
aussi so, tant so much, autant as much. Ez. Elle
est plus belle, moins belle, aussi belle quesas4Eur.
II n'a pasiaiitdf vanite que son frere. Voirs ar\'ez
aut:int d'enncmis que d'amis.
It appears from these examples that than and
a.i, in the second term of a comparison, are ex-
pressed by que.
Tlie pnposiiion by, after a comparative, and
Iwfore a noun expre.s?mg dimension or quantity,
is conuuonly rendered into French by de. Ez.
Vous etes plus haul que moi de deux pouces.
I'.L The superlative is expressed in French by
Ic, la, les, prefixed to plus ou moins— in is rendered
by de, du, dc la, &cc. and que after a superlative
retpiires the subjunctive. Ex. Le plus bel homme
de la ville. La plus belle femme que je connoisse.
Los ,.lus grands coquins de J'Europe. Le plus
heurcux jour de ma vie.
HE PRONOUNS,
live, and a pronoun conjunctive in the plural
number, and of the noblest person, is generally
added to represent them all. Ex. Lui, elle, et
moi nous allanies hier a la comtdie. Vous, Jul,
et moi, nous ne nous accorderons jamais. Vous
et lui, vous apprendrez le Francois.
You might place the disjunctive pronouns after
the verb, and say— Nous allames hier a la com6-
die, lui, elle, et moi, &c. But not — lui, elle el
moi allames, &.c. Vous el lui apprendrez, &c.
4. However, when third persons only are the
subject of a verb, no other pronoun is to be re-
peated. Ex. Mon '"rere et lui viendront demain.
Lui, elle, eux et ma soeur apprenent le Fran-
cois.
5. When a pronoun personal i? governed by
a verb, place it between the subject and the
verb. Ex. Je le connois. Vous la connoisscz.
xlv
Jc \ee connois, et je leur parlc souvent. — N. B. direct.-'N. B. The .lircci ohj.ct is never nffccl
i\o pronoun atfecled with de, except e?i, can be ed by a preposition ; and llie indirect object is
placed before a verb wliich governs it, witliout always afl'ected by de or o, expressed or under-
being followed by que conductive. Ex. Je parle stood. JEi. Je vous le dirai. Vous nous les
il« vous— c'est de vous que je parle. Vous avez donnerez. II vous la reconunande. Nous vous
rnedit de lui, d'elle, de nous— c'est dc lui, d'elle, le rccoinmandons.
de nous que vous avez medit. 10. If the pronouns are both of tlie third per
6. If the verb is in the imperative, without a son, the direct pronoun comes before the indi
rjfo-aejoTi, then tJie pronoun comes after the verb. reel. fia;. Je le lui dirai. Vous les leur donne-
—if there is a negation, follow the preceding rez.
rule. Ez. Dites-moi, dites-lui, dites-nous— Ne 11. The supplying pronouns y and en come
me diles pas, ne lui dites pas, ne leur ditcs pas. close to the verb, wnen they are construed with
7. When two imperatives, without a negation, any other pronouns; and en always follows y,
come together with pronouns, it is better to place when they both happen to meet togcrher. Ex. Jc
the first pronoun after the 1st verb, and the se- vous les y apporterai. II nous en dormera. Vous
cond before <hc 2d verb. Ex. Voyez-le, et lui
dites de vonir me voir. Parlez-leur, et leur dites
de se mieux comiwrier.
leur y en enverrez. Je leur y en t6moignerai
mon m6contcnteraent.
The following list may, with a little ingenuity,
8. With reflected verbs- with penser, allcr, be of great use to beginners, and soon accustom
and venir, or any verb taken in a se.'ise in which
it cannot receive a direct object, place the pro-
noun personal after the verb.— Ex. Je me plains
d'i vous. Elle s'est address6e a moi. Je pensois
a eux. Get enfant veut aller a vous. II veut ve-
nir a moi. Couiez a lui. II est accouru a moi.
their eyes and ears to the union of pronouns and
verbs, either interrogatively, or negatively. You
are to suppose tlie pronouns in each line to be
in the same i)lace of the asterisks; read them
often in that order, and it will soon be out of
your power to place them wrong. T/itis ; II me
9. When two pronouns personal are governed le donnera ; ke will gioe it to me. Sec. II fl|t^'y
by a verb, tlie indirect object comes before tlie enverra; he will send it to me, Sec. ^^
Me le, me la, me les, m'en — II * * donnera
Me I'y, me les y, m'y, m'y en — II * * enverra
Te le, te la, te les, t'en— * * donnerai-je 1
Te I'y, te les y, t'y, t'y en— * * enverrai-je ? M
Nous l!, nous la, nous les, nous en— II ne * * donne pas
Nous I'y, nous les y, nous y, nous y en- II no * * enverra pas
Vous le, vous la, vous les, vous en— Ne * * donnerai-je pas?
Vous I'y, vous les y, vous y, vous y en — Ne * * enverrai-je pas
Se le, se la, se les, s'en— II * * proraet
Se I'y, se les y, s'y, s'y en— II * * procura
Le lui, la lui, les lui, lui en— Nous * * promcttons
Le leur, la leiir, les leur, leur en — Vous ne * * donnez pas
Le leur y, la leur y, les leur y, leur y en—* * enverrai ic?
From iJiis list it appears that no pronoun af- Conduisez-moi ; amusetoi ; donnez-m'en— Don
fected by dc, except en, can come before a verb, nez-le-lui, la-lui, les-lui, le-leur, &c.
Ex. Je me moque de lui : il mi'dit de vous ; and Hdly. Jiiui, toi, nous and vous are placed after
""!•; J^J"^ '"' moque ; il vous medit. le, la, Irs; but the pronoun.s of the tjiird person,
!tlier, s
procureles-toi ; promel
surez-lt's-vous— Donnez-le-hii, la-lui, les-leur,&c
12. On. The pronoun indeterminate on may
be rendered into English by one, we, people, men.
— Uon has the same meaning, and is only em-
ployed to avoid ambiguity, or a harsh sound.
. . 13. On has generally a plural meaning, but It
When tliey are linked with en; but the pronouns always governs its verb in the tingular num
of the tlurd person are not to bi altered. Ex. b<'r.
The foregoing list stands good, all through, for linked together, sutler no change. Ex. Donnez
verbs in the imperative, with a ne.tration—Nc me Ic-moi ; procureles-toi ; promettez-le.s-nous ; as
le donnez pas ; ne me I'y envoyez pa.«, &,c.
But, with verbs in the imperative without a
nriration, make the tollowing observations— 1st.
The pronouns are jilaced after the imperative.
Ex. Donnez-le-nous ; envoyez-le-nous.
2dly. JIfc and tc become 7noi and toi, except
xlvi
Rt. On craint de se voir tel qu'on est, parce que
Ion a*est pas ce qu'on devroit etre.
14. On must be repeated before every verb
that has the saun; subject. Ez. On epie'la tor-
tune, on travaille, on se fatigue, on cherche lous
les nioyens de la rixer ; el apres bien des soiiis,
le tonibeau s'ouvre, et i'on s'appercoit trop tard
que tout ici bas nest que vanite.
15. Avoid tile passive turn so conunon in
English ; and by the means of on, bring the
verbs to an active slate, in such sentences as iJie
following ones. Ez. On n'a pas encore recu les
ictlres qu'oa attendoit. On a fait de grandes
rcjouissances, et Ton ne sait trop pourquoi. On
a en voy6 ordre de ramener les troupes, et Ton
espere qu'elles arriveront demain. On seroil
toujours en pai.Y, si Ton diminuoit de moitie, eu
teuis de guerre, ies profits des gens en place.
16. En^ in some particular phrases, and with
the adverbs of quantity, is not to be expressed in
English ; but it cannot bo dispensed with in
French. Ez. Vous avez plus d'oranges que je
n'en ?i. Vous n'avcz pas tant de livres que j'en
ai. Avez-vous autant di chevau.x en France que
nous en avons en Angleterre 1 II en est de vous
m^ POSSESSIVE PROxXOUNS.
1. All poaaessive Pronouns, either conjunctive
or relative, but mor-e clearly those of the third
person, a?ree, in English, with the possessor of
%^hing, and in French with the thing possessed.
^Mt. Votre fiere a perdu son chapeau ; votre
gfEur a perdu son chapeau. Votre mere a perdu
sa boarse ; votre pere a perdu sa bourse.
Translate these examples, and you will find
the English ones ruled by the gender of the
P')S.?i;s9ors, fnre, sttur, mere, pere; and the
French, by the gender of the thing possessed,
chap^fin bourse.
2. When a noun feminine begins with a vow-
oT, or an h mii!e, the French sacrifice the syntax
to harmony, and make use of motiy ton, son, in-
.stead of ma, ta, sa. Ez. .Min anie est fort uu-
deasiis de ma fortune. — Ton indn.-Jtrie te nienera
loin. Son insolence lui fera perdre tons ses amis.
Mo!i humanit6, ton humeur, son humility.
3. The personal pronouns supply in French
the possessive pronouns, when we speak of the
several parts of the body, or even of any thing
boloniing to the body, such as life, cnurairc, com-
â– plcrion, sirrht, noicr, mind. Sec. If that turn cre-
ates no ambiaiiiiy— £;?. J'ai mal a la t6te. II
s'est coupe ledoigt. Vous avez I'reil enfl6. II
m'a attaqu6 I'honneur. Vousm'arrachcriez plu-
tot !a vie. Lc courage lui manque.— But say .•
cnmme de moi. II en est de cela coinme de la
plupart des choses du monde.
17. Le is often usod,to represent either a part
of a sentence, or an adjective, or a substantive
e.mployfid adjrcrivcly ;.aud it is then indeclina-
ble— It is rendered into English by so, and
someiinies not expressed at all. Ex. Ditcs-moi,
mon ami, pourriez-vous aller a pied de Londres
a York 1 Oui, je le pourrois. Ei bien, Mesdamcs,
etes-vous tres occupees 1 Recllement, nous le
sommes. Ust-eUii tiWe (unmarried?) Oui, et je
pense qu'elie le sera long-temps.
But, when the word "represented is really a
substantive, or an adjective employed stibstaji-
ticcly, then make use of le, la, les, according to
the gender and number of that substantive. Ez.
<^tes-vous la fille de Mr. West? Oui, Monsieur,
jo la suis. Etes-vous la malade que ^ladanie
Clinton m'a recommand6e7 r^on, Monsieur, jc
ne la suis pas.
If the substantive is of the plural number, it ia
better to avoid making use of les, in order to
give an easier turn to the sentence. Ex. Etes-
vous les filles de Mr. Coke 1 Oui, Monsieur—
without nous les sommes.
See page six, and the N. B.
Je crois que ma jambe est onflee. Ponrquol
vous moquez-vous de ma t6te chauvel— /-d
jambe and la tete would render the sentence am
biguous.
4. In a familiar way of addressing persons,
the possessive pronoun is left out in English, bul
not in French. Ex. Voulez-vous faire un toui
de jardin, ma soeur ? Reellement, je ne le puis
mon frere.
5. In speaking of inanimate objects, the pos-
sessive its and thrir are expressed in French by
en. — Ex. Cette plante est fort commune, ct ce-
pendant je n'en connois pas les vert us. Cettc
maison inc plait; j'en aime la situation.
6. In the English phrases in which the word
sake \s joined to a possessive pronoun, the French
make use of a personal pronoun. Ez. Faitoa
le pour I'amour de moi, de lui, de nous, &c. Do
it for my sake, &.c.
7. The relative possessive pronouns mine,
thine, yours, &;c. agree, like the conjunctive, with
the nouns to which they relate, and they take the
definite article in French. Ez. Votre frere et le
mien ; votre soeur et la mienne. — See page xix.
8. When the verb to be, in the sense of to be-
Ions to, is joined to a relative possessive pronoun,
and has a noun for its subject, the pos.'=essive
pronoun is rendered into French by a personaJ
xlvii
pionouu. JEr. Ce livre est a moi. Cctte uiai- rendered into French by a conjunctive posses-
ton eat a nous. Cet eventaii est a elle. sive. Ex. \Ji\ de uies amis ma niontre un da
i3. Tlie Euglish idiom of mine, of yours, Sec. is vos livres ; a friend of mine, &.c.
RELATIVE PRONOUNS. See page xx.
I. Qui and que, without a preposition, and he- lative pronoun, in speaking of situation, place,
r re a verb, are apphcable to any substantive. Ex. and time. Ex. C'estune atiaire oii il vaut mieux
/Uomuie qui parle; la femme qui chante; ie
iitjval qui court; les oiseaux qui voleut; les
etoiles (iui brillent. — L'honune que vous connois-
ne pas entrer. La maison oii je demeure. Le
siecle ou nous vivons.
5. Que, uniting two verbs, and after a noun, is
saz ; la femme que vous louez; les oiseaux que often understood in English ; but it is always ex-
voiis elevez ; les chevaox que vous avez ache- pressed in French. Ex. Je crois que vous ave/
tes; les etoiles que vous observez. — Hence it raison. On dit que nous aurons bientot la paix.
appears that qui is used, wlien it relates to a Les Livres que vous avez aclietes. Les femmes
noun that governs the verb; and que is used, que vous frequentez.
when it relates to a noun that is governed by the 6. When that after a verb, signifies to the end
verb. that, translate it into French by afin que or pour
•2. When a verb governs Its object with the que, with the subjunctive ; or ajiii de and pour
lielp of a preposition, qui cannot be applied to wiiJi the infinitive. Ex. Je vous enseigue afin
irrational and inanimate beings ; it is supplied que vous appreniez. Je vous le dis pour que vous
bydont, duquel, de laquelle, desquels, dcsquelles; le sachiez. 11 est venu afin d'obtenir cette grace.
auquel, a laquelle, auxqaels, auxquelles. Ex. Le J'ai fait tout mon possible pour gagner son ami-
cheval duquel, or dont je me sers ; la science a ti6.
laquelle je m'applique, &c.
3. Dont is used for all genders and numbers,
and it is applicable to any substantive, but it can
never be interrogative. — Ex. L'homme dont je
7. Quoi is only said of things, and can never
be used but with verbs that require a preposition.
Ex. A quoi pensez-vous? C'estde quoi je m'in-
quiete pen. C'est a quoi je ne pense pas — But
parle ; la femine dont vous parlez ; la montie say; Q,ue ditcs-vous 7 Que me conseillez-vous ?
iloiit je me sers. due cherchez-vous ? And not; Quoi dites-vous,
4. Ou is often an elegant equivalent for a re- &c. It is bad language.
DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS. See page xx
Demonstrative Pronouns. The list (page xx) some other turn, bring the sentence to a less
is sutficient for our purpose in these elements, complicated order. Ex. They are not always
and we shall only make here the following re- happy who seem to be so ; or, such are not al-
marks. way s,Si.c.—Ii/iilatc the following turns: Ceu.\ qui
1,. Ho who, she who, they who, &;c. are never to paroissent etre heureux, ne le sont pas toujours.
b3 rendered into French by il qui, elle qui, &c. — Ce n'est pas toujours etre lieureu.\ que de le pa-
Out by: Celui qui, celle qui, ceu.v qui, celles qui. loitre. Quoiqu'on paroisse heureux, on ne Test
Ex. Celui qui m6prise I'etude, n'en connoit i»as pas toujour.-;. Ou paroit souvent heureux, sans
le prix. Celle qui ne compte que sur sa I)eaut6, J'etre en eft'et — Or, nearer the English, by adding
batit sur le sable. Ceux qui se battent contre Za— Ceux-hi ne sont pas toujours lieureu.\, qui
K'ur patrie, sont des scelerats. Celles qui ecou- paroi.-^sent I'etre.
to. it Ifs riaiteurs, out souvent a s'eii repentir. 3. Ce qui and ce que are expressed in F.nglish
. 2. Avoid all tiie inversions by which the sub- by tchat, and that which—qui directs the verb,
jpct of the verb is parted from its relative, and, and que is governed by it. Ex. Ceque vous diles.
by the means of the demonstrative pronouns, or Cequi me plait.
SYNTAX OF THE VERHS.
verb, try lo find it, before you write a sentonco,
and you will avoid in;niy errors. F.x. Le bon
r.ha?ioine,s'\ni»<i\n;\\n q#un si grand intdccin ne
pouvoit faire de faux raisonnemens, st^ laissa
sai'»n(;r san.« resistance. fJon .'llp/ioiisr, apreg
avoir rei-u ses pate!it<:s, piriit de .Madrid avoc sa
± The subject being sometimes far from its famille. '
I. Thi; vor!> agrees witli its subject, in person
and number. Ex. Je parle, tu danses, il chante,
e'i'> brode, on s'amuse, mon frere demeure a
Bath ; nous jouona, vous 6tudiez, il.s dessinent,
oli( 3 travaillent, mon oncle et ma tante viennent
darriver.^
xK
S. Many nouns, in Uie singular, connected ns
the subject of a verb, will have that verb in tlie
plural number. Kx,. Sa douceur, sa poJitesse,
sa francliise, et so!i savoir lui lout irouver des
amis par-ioul ou il va. Voire insolence, votre
grossierct6, votre duplicite et voire pedanterie
faliauent tous ccux \\iic vous Iruquentez.
When \vc conclude an enumeration of objects,
the words toiu and ricn may determine Die verb
to tJie singular, and give a lively turn to the sen-
tence. Ez. Meis simples, ragoiiis, chair, poisson,
legumes, tout est Iwn quand on a faim. Gestes,
s'jupirs, regards, pensees, rieu n'6chapp€ a la ja-
kiusie.
4. After adverbs of quantity, such as beaucoup,
pcu, tant^ (See. and after collective nouns, such as
lajjlupurt, nonibre, sorte, espcce, troupe, ice. fol-
lowed by a noun plural, the verb becomes plu-
ral. Ex. Beaucoup de personnes sont capables
de faire une action sage ; mais bien peu savent
faire une action genoreuse. IJn petit nonibre
d'amis lui resttrenu Tant de fantaisies devien-
nent ennuyantes, &.c.
5. When two verbs come togetlier, if the se-
cond has no subject, it is to be put in the infini-
tive; whetlier the sign to be prefixed to it or not.
Kr. V'oulez-vous me preier votre dictionnairel
Je n'ose lui parer.— J'ailai sur le champ descen-
dre a une hotellerie pres du chateau.
C. If the first verb is the auxiliary to kavc, or
to be, the second verb must be used in the parti-
ciple. Ez. II a abuse de mon amitie. Nous
avons veiidu nos chevaux. Vous ctes arriv6 trop
tard. II.-: seront severement punis.
7. When to be expresses a necessity, or an in-
tention, it is rendered by devoir, with the second
verb in the infinitive. Ez. Devez-vous partir ce
5oir? Nous devoiis aller demain a Windsor.
8. j], de, and pour. A verb, or a noun, may
govern another verb in the infinitive, either with
a, de, and pour, or sometimes without any pre-
position.
y. A is used before an infinitive — when to
might be expressed by in with a gerund — to ex-
press an inclination to something— to denote
employment, occupation, use— when the verb has
a passive turn which is or might be rendered by
to be into English.— T^z. II se plait a dtssiner.
.'" m'amuse a ecrire ct a lire— Jaime a conver-
?nr. Vous disposez-vous a partir pour Oxford?
Elle s'attache a vous fiaire en uiut. II m'en-
seigne a jouer du violon. Vous ra'autorisez a
vous parler sincerement. C'est une affaire a
vous ruiner. Cela m'aide a vivre. Ce cheval me
sert a tirer et a porter. — Voila des fruits bons a
cueillir. Sa compagnie est a 6vitcr. Celte gucrro
est difficile a souienir.
10. JJc is used before an infinitive, when to
may be supplied by of or from with a gerund.
£^1 Vous nrempechez de iravailler. J'eus bien
tot une autre occ;ision d'employer mon credit.
Ne vous lassez pas de vous monirer a la cour.
JafTectai de recevoir ses ordres d'un air gia-
cieux.
IJ. Pour before a verb, determines the cause
or the end of an action, and commonly answers
to in order to in English. Ez. J'interromiJis
mon secretaire jKiur lui demandcr, oii il avt'il
pris ces livres. II ne fera jamais rien pour voui
obliger. Nous eclalions souvent de rire, moina
pour applaudir a ses saillies que pour nous en
nio(iuer.
1:2. Some verbs govern the infinitive without
any preposition before it. TIil' most usual are
aller, venir, devoir, oser, paro'Ure, scmbler, pou-
Toir,falloir, vuuloir, croire, compter, daigTicr,Scc
Ez. Allez diner. Venez me voir. Je dois ecrire
a votre frere Osez-vous me repondre de 1?
sorlcl Vous paroisiez vous ennuyer, Je |>our
rois me passer de lui. Il faut savoir se taire. J«
ne veux plus le voir. Je sais vivre de peu.
13. The infinitive is elegantly used, without a
preposition ; sometimes iis the subject of th«
sentence; and sometimes with the ellipsis of the
verb wliich governs it. Ex. Moiirir n'est lien,
quand on a bien vecu. S'occuper de fotcs et de
danses, quand les pauvrcs nieiirent de faini, c'esi
insulter a riiumanite. Moi: revoir cet hoinine !
Jamais. Vous! tamper sous cet ignorant San-
gradol N'tn faites rien.
INDICATIVE. 1. Let us ob.<crve that the
Englisli turn of tlie verb to be, joined to a ge-
rund, must be av(jided in French. Ex. 1 am
writing; Jie was dancing, v/e were dining, &.c.
— J'^cris; il dansait, nous dinions — Or, with the
preposition a; Je suis a ecrire; il etoit a dan-
ser ; nous ctoins a diner. — But never: Je suis
ecrivanl, &.c.
2. The presait in English answers to the pre-,
sent in French. Ez. Je travaille. je vols quel-
ques amis, et je tache de me croire heureux.
3. The present tense elegantly supplies the
preterite, in lively descriptions ; and sometimes
it represents the future. Ez. La fuieur qui
animoit cet audacieux, excita la niienne. Je
m'avance pour le punir, et nous commencons un
rude combat. Dona Helena et sa suivante en-
tendent le bruit des ep^es ; elles poussent de
grands cris, qui obligeni Ics valets a se lever
lis sont bientot sur pied, et ils accourent pou
xlix
j^parer les combatlans ; mais ils arrive rent trop
t;ml. — Je pars deiuain, avez-vous quelques or-
ates a me donrior 1 La poste arrive ce soir ; at-
tiiidez-vous des letlres.
•1. Tile future is generally used in French as
I English — Ex. La philnso|)hie tSclairera les
onnnes; ils cesseront enfin d'etre ligres. Nos
iM ULs-neveux se demanderont ce qu'on appeloit
j-uidatsdans le dixneuvieme siecle, et rhunianiie
li'ur fera verser des larracs, ea hsant noire his^
tojre.
5. The preterite indefinite, or compound of the
[iresent (fai aime, fai Jini, &c.) denotes an ac-
iion which has hap[tened in the day in which we
'rj.eak — (jr, in a lime past, but not specified— or,
.1 a lime past, but which holds to a period slill
■visting. — Kz. J'ai dejenne ce matin avec voire
Feur, et nous avons beaucoup parle de vous.
J'ai vu voire frere il y a quelques jours; j'ai
loujours dit que Tinconstance seroit la cause
de sa mine ; il ra'a souvent promis de s'appliquer,
ni;us il ne m'a jamais lenn parole. J'ai en la
tievre au commencement du prinienis. J'ai din6
deux I'ois avec voire pcre dans le con is de ce
Miois. Nous avons eu bien des r6voluiions [)en-
flant ce siecle.— Here the time of the fever, &c.
is really piist ; but the whole of tJie spring, of the
week, and of the century, is not elapsed, when 1
;ii)i sptiaking ; therefore such a lime isconsideied
just as the day in which I exist.
a. Tlic imperfect (J'aaiiois, jc fmissois, Sec.)
"xpre?ses an action beffuu before the time we now
hung to our consideration, ax\dfinis/icd we know
not when — or an action expressed as habitual —
or an action which miglit have been habitual, if
nothing had hindered il from taking place. Kz.
I'oursuivis par les Maurcs, ces inforlun^s vivoient
sur les montagnes, ou demeuroient dans des sou-
terrains — J'appercus des cuisiniers qui pr«^pa-
roient un feslin. Ceux-ci mettoient des converts,
ceux-Ia remplissoient de vin dee cruches de terre,
et les aulres tournoient des broches, oii il y avoit
toutes sortes de viandes. — Richelieu respiroii la
hauteur et la vengeance ; Mazarin 6toii sonple
et avare— Si les hommes 6toie.U plus sages, s'ils
vivoient en freres, s'ils savoient apprecicr tons
les avanlages de la paix, la guerre ccsseroit bien-
t6t <!'exercer ses fureurs.
7. The preterite or definite tense, {faimai, je
re^us, je vins, &c.) denotes an action begun and
finished in a time entirely past and specified. Ex.
Nous vimes alors sortir du village et enlrer dans
la plaine, uq grand concours de personnes ; c'eioi-
ent les deux 6poux. Nous aliames au-devant
d'eux, et Diego se fit connoitre. Des cris de joie
s'eleverent dans rassembl6e, et chacun s'em
pressa de courir a lui. Nous passames .a nuit
dans ce bouig, et nous partimes de leuucmain
pour Cuenca.
*;^* A s tiiose tenses are very puzzling to begin-
ners, let us explain them furlJier.
In any narration a time of action is chosen,
wliicli lime the speaker supposes present; and
all tile actions that nappen then, and finish then,
aie to he related in a preterite tense— The ac-
tions whicli existed beloie the lime chosen for
the narration, and are supposed to continue ex-
isting during that lime, are to be described hi
the iinpcrfrct tense. The actions which have
liappened before the time chosen for the narra-
tion, but without our knowing piecisely when
they have happened, are to be related in a ftre-
terite iiideJiintc—By which it ajipears that the
Imperfect di. scribes; the Preterite indefinite re-
lates, without marking any time ; and the Pre-
terite rtlatis a series of facts past in a lime spe-
cified, and made now present.
*:^* Let the beginner try to apply tiie preced-
ing definitions and remarks to the following past
tenses.
J'etois dans cette disposition, quand j'appercus
dans le jardin un paysan qui me regardoii avec
alteniion. Je crus que c'etoil un jardinier: je
I'eiivisageai, el je m'imaginai reconnoitre le
nialheurcux Alvar. Je poussai un grand cri. .
J'etois senle avec Ines qui avoit le plus de part
a ma confiance ; je lui dis le soupcon qui ni'agi-
toii.— Ehe dcscendit au jardin, et peu de terns
apres jr la vis rentrer fort 6inue. C'est Don Al-
var, n;e dit-elie. Connne je pouvois le recevoir
a riK urc meme, parce que le Marquis 6toit a
Hurirns, je chargeai ma suivante de I'amener.
Je !:; ivanruis df's qu'il entra. Ra«surez-vou8,
Ma<l:inif, me dit-il, je suis instruil de toutes les
peis. rutions que vous avez soufferles. On a r6-
pandu le bruit de ma mort, et vous I'avez cru,
parce qu'aiicune leltre de ma part ne vous assu-
roii du coniraire. Je sais de quelle maniere voiia
avez vecn, et que la n6cessit6, p!ut6t que I'aniour
vous a jct(-e dans les bras du Marquis.
SURJUxVCTlVE. We have here two ques-
tions to examine. The 1 jt— When is the sub-
junctive to be used in French 1 The 2</.— What
is the correspondence between the lenses of the
indicative, and those of the subjunctive ?
Some conjunctions, all comjKiunded oi qv
wavs require the subjunctive ; for wh' -«, al-
pnl'r. xxxvi. But que, by itself, sonv -^ "ee
qnirint: the subjunctive, and sonieti- .stimes re-
niiisl examine lire cause of that va- ^nes not, we
A .lation.
1. After all verbs (either icith or without a ne-
gaiioa) expressing doubt, ff^ar, icish, uncertainty,
cornrnanJ, nccessUy; or iiideed any passiov, af-
fection, or desire of the mind, que governs tiie
subjunctive. Ex. Je doute qu'il vienne. Je
Grains qu'il n'y aille. Je voudrois tju'ils fussent
partis. II est possible qu'elle parte sans voiia le
dire. Je suis surpris qu'ils vous aient parle de
la sorte. II faut que je sorte tout-a-l'lieurc. II
seroit fachoux que les ministres u'adoptassent
pas ce plan. J'admire qu'il dorme si tranquille.
Je serois bien-aise que nous les bactissions. Sup-
posotis que ce bruit vienne a se r6pandre ; que
ierez-vous ? La pluie empecha qu'on ue s'allat
promener. II est a propos, il est uecessaire, il est
juste que j'aille le voir.
2. After all verbs (without au interrogation
or a negation.) declaring neither doubt, fear, <Scc.
aat merely expressing certainty and belief , the
conjunction que governs the indicative. Ez. Je
crois qu'il viendra. Je repondis que j'avois tort.
Nous viinesqu'ils nous trouipoienl. Je demeure
d'accord qu'elle sait emouvoir les spectateurs.
Nous sentinies que nous avions atfaire a ua lia-
bile homine.
3. But, if such verbs are used either interroga-
tively or negatively, que governs generally the
subjunctive. Ez. Je ne crois pas qu'il puisse
r6us3ir. Pensez-vous que la pais se fasse eel
liiver 1 II n'est pas certain que vous puissiez lui
parler. Auroit-nn cru que des homnies hbrcs
eussent voulu se liguer contre la liberie ?
*,* I say generally, because it sometimes hap-
pens that que does not require the subjunctive,
after a verb used either interrogatively or nega-
tivcty.—This distinction requires some care and
judgment. — If the interrogation or negation sup-
poses uncertainty, then que requires the sub-
junctive; but, in the contrary case, que requires
the indicative.
Indeed, this remark might serve as a general
rule for the use of the subjunctive in any case,
but it would perhaps be supposing too much
grammatical accuracy in young people.
4. (^ui, que, dont, oil, or any relative jironoun,
serving to connect a verb with a relative super-
lative, such as Ic plus sage, la plus sage, ii.c.
will have that verb in the subjunctive. Ez. Cost
la plus belle femme que je connoisse. Vous parlez
du plus grand roi qui ait jamais exists. Un v6ri-
lable ami est le tresor le plus pr6cieux dont on
puiase jouir. II s'agit des affaires les plus d6-
licatca oi jamais ministre se soil trouv6 en
gae6.
5. By a consequence of the preceding rule,
qui, que, dont, Sec. generally require the subjunc-
tive after ^ew/, unique, premier, dernier, personne,
&.C. when they have the force of a superlative.
Ez. Cest le seul h^nmie qui nous ail obliges.
C'est r unique moycn qui puisse les convaincrc
de leur folie. Ces doux uiinistres seniles pre-
miers qui aint calcule de .>;ang-iroid les ressoureea
de la traude et do I'infamie. Cest le dernier
remude auquol vous puissiez avoir recours. Vous
lie irouverez personne qui vous soil plus sincere-
nient attache, (iuelques elforts que vous fassiez.
Je n'en ai parl6 a qui que ce soil.
6. When after si, que is used in the sense of
si, it requires the subjunctive. Ex. Si vous en-
trez dans sf)n jardin, et que vous y fassiez le
moindre dogat, vous le metlrez de mauvats hu-
meur.
7. In many cases the subjunctive is used, witJi-
out having any word to govern it ; but, il is al
ways easy to perceive that a wish, a condition,
or a supposition is understood. Ex. Puissiez
vous n'avoir jamais besoin des miichansl (/
wis/i.) Eussiez-vous la patience de Socrate, ccl
hom.'iie vous la feroit perdre— I suppose.
.After having explained when the subjunctive
is to be used, let us see what correspondence
exists between the indicative and the subjunc-
tive. That is, when the indicative in English,
is to be put in the subjunctive in French, to
which of the tenses of the French subjunctive
go£s each of the tenses of the English indicative.
1. Tbe present and the /uture of the indicative
go to the present of lite siibjuncUva Ez. Je ne
crois pas qu'il le fosse expres— Je ne crois pas
qu'il lo fasse expres— I do not believe he does it-
er will do it on purpose.
2. The imperfect and preteritr definite of the
indicative, and likewise the conditional, go to the
definite of the subjunctive. Ez. Quoique je nc
crusse pas ce qu'il me disoit— Je ne savois paa
que vous /ussic2 amis— Suppose que nous decoj**
vrissions leur coquineri« — Though I did not be-
lieve what he said. I did not know you were
friends. Suppose we should discover their
knavery.
3. The comjKjund tenses follow the order of
the simple tens<*s. That is— the compound of
the present and future of the indicative, go to the
compound present of the sulij.— The compound
of the imperfect, definite, and conditional of the
indicative, go to the compound definiu of the
Bubj. Ez. Quoiqu'il ait lu bien des livres, il ne
saitrien. Croyezvous qu'il ail eu I'imprudencc
d'en parler ? Je ne m'imaginois pas qu'ils voua
en eussent parli. Je ne croyois pae que voua
russiez vote pour lui. D auroit souhait6 que nous
eussions on son jaidiii.
PARTICIPLES. There are two sorts of par-
ticiples ; one is called gtrand or partidpi.e actioe,
always ending iii ant; and tlic otlier is called
participle pant — The I'oruier we siiniply call a-e-
rund in the following observations, and tlie latter
participle.
1. Tne gerund is always indeclinable. Ex.
George vuyant une rose, vouiut la cueillir ; C6-
cile ooyant une rose, &c. DeJie et Caroline voy-
aiU une rose, voulurenl la cueillir ; Guillaunie et
Coiisuinliii ooi/anl une rose, vouiurent la cueillir.
There are some gerunds and adjectives which
aie spell alike; but the adjectives aie declinable,
and the gerunds suffer no change. Ex. C'est
uiit honiine charniant; c'est une Itunnie cliar-
iaaiue— Cieopatre conquit Cesar en le charniant.
A little practice will soon clear up the dill'erence.
We shall only observe here- that the adjcctioe may
svith sense go before or after its substantive;
whereas the urrrunl cannot be transposed.
2. We use the gerund as seldom as we can in
French, and above all, in the same sentence; it
makes it appear stiif and affected— But, avoid
tarefully the English turn that permits to use
the gerund witli an article, or a pronoun. It is
very bad French— In sucli a case, make use of
a noun, or of a tense of the verb, fitted to the
sentence you have to translate. Practice, in this,
will go much farther than any rule ; but, how-
ever, we shall give you here some examples to
direct your stylo. Ex- I think that your speak-
ing to my father, would be useful to you — Je
crois que si vous parlicz a mon pere, vous vous
en trouvericz bien. Je crois qu'en parlant a
mon pere, &c Si vous consultez vos inttrets,
vous parlerez a mon pere. .Again; after his
h'loing given us .that account, he melted into
tears— Apres nous avoir fait ce detail, il fondit
en larmes. II nous fit ce detail, et il fondit
aussitot en larmes. II ne nous eut pas plutdt fait
ce detail qu'ii fondit en larmes. Again; my
biing poor and your being rich, is no reason for
your iudulting /we- Farce que je suis pauvre et
que vous etes riche, il ne s'ensuit pas que vous
deviez m'insulter. II est vrai que je suis pauvre,
et que vous etes riche ; mais cela ne vous donne
pas le droit de m'insulter. Parce que je suis
pauvre, et que vous etes riche, croyez-vous avoir
le droit de m'insulter J
*^* Remember tliat a verb may have twoobjecia
-One direct; that is, witliout any preposition —
The other indirect; that is, with the preposition
a or dc, expressed or understood. En always
implies de, and y always implies a.
3. The participle conjugated with etre has a
passive meaning, and always agrees, in gender
and number, vvitii the subject of tJie verb. Ez.
^lon frere est ckeri el rei>pecte; ma soeur est
cherie et respectce; mes freres sont cherts et
respcctcs; mes stjeurs sont cheries et respcctees.
Ces homnies out ete rtrprimandees et punis; cea
femmes out 6t6 ri-primandees et punis — By the
last examples you may perceive that wlien etu is
joint.d to any of the tenses of the verb avoir,
with another participle, the meaning is pas.sive,
and the second participle is considered as being
conjugated willi etre.
4. *Tiie participle conjugated with avoir has
an active meaning, and agrees in gender and
number with its direct object, when Jiiat direct
object precedes the participlj ; but, if the direct
object follows the participle, or if the object is
not direct, the participle remains indeclinable—
N. B. Le, la, les, que— me, te, se, nous, vous (jiot
implyin^iX moi, a loi, &c.) represent llie dkxct
object~E\i, y, lui, leur, doni, &c.— me, te, se,
nous, vous [implying a or de, as de moi, a moi,
&.C.) ropreseut the indirect object of the participle.
Ex. I^Ion pere a vu les chroaux que vous avez
achctes. Ma mere, a recu les poinmes que vous
* This rule is easy to be understood, but its
principle ofreu perplexed mo, when I tried to
account for that transition, apparently arbitrary,
ffOm declinu/'iliCy lo indeclinability and nice vcr-
sd. I beg leave for a niomenl, to turn from my
plan, and venture a remark, whi<;h, I think, has
never been made oi thio subject. If I am wrong,
I shall only have lost some liiies.
The participle is so called, because it partici-
pates of the properties of an adjec-.tive, and of
(hose of a verb; iiemg variable through genders
and numbers, like (he former; and re^jarding
time, motion, and passion, like tlie latter.
When the participle is before its direct object,
nothing is there to limit its rights as a verb; it
helps to tead the sentence, throws its action in
full on the object, and is not at all submitted to
it;theiefore it must tlien remain indec4inable.
Ex. J'ai /tf it voire Icttre; j"ai rrcu vos Icttres.
But, when the direct object precedes the parti-
cii)'e, the former announces the sentence, partly
'eads il, has a primary action on the participle,
which thus loses its rights as a verb, becomes aR
adjective, and follows the gender and number
of the noun that commands it. Ex. La Itttrt
que j'ai re^at; les Icttrcs que j'ai revues.
luiavez envoyees; elle m'en a donne deux rfou-
laines. J'ai lu avec aitentioii !a Uttre que vous
m'avez ecnie. Ma soeur a rrtrouve Us gants
qu'elle avoit egares. Les aj^'aires dont vous
m'avez parli ne reussiront pas.
5. S'etre, in reflected and reciprocal verbs, has
the signification of avoir, and lollows the same
rules. Ex. Mon frerc se seroit excvsi; nia sojur
»e seroit excuste; nies freres f c serojent excusis;
mes soeurs 5e seroienl excuaies — II se seroit attire
la Aainc, &c. lis se seroient altire la haine, &c.
Elles s« seroient attire la haine, &c. — LaAamc
yu* votre frere se seroit attiree; les ennemis que
voire sceur se seroit attiris.
6. f:«e and /a/Zu are invariable — And so are
the participles of verbs used impersonally. Ax.
Cet honinie a Lti: ce que vous eies ; cetie femuoie
a ite, ces fc^mmes ont iti, Sec. — Les grandes cha-
leurs qu'd a fnit, c it caus6 beaucoup de mala-
dies; les grandes chak-urs qu'ii y a eu — thit I
should write : Les grandes depaiscs qu';7 (s»mL-
body) a faiLcs; Les grandes chaleurs que nous
avons eucs—ll, in the two first examples, stands
for no real ayent, and ihus the verb is imper-
sonal ; but il and nous, in the other examples,
aie real agents; and, the verb ceasing thus la
be impersonal, the rule, No. 4, remains in force.
7. In the following sentences, and in any sen-
tence of the like construction, llie participle if
indeclinable, because it has no object to agree
with, the object being governed by an infinitive
which follows, eitlier expressed or understood.
Ex. La moittre que j'aurois voulu, que j'auroia
pu, que j'aurois dii achcter. La Ucon que voua
avez commence d'ltudier. Je lui ai rendu toua
les services que yai pu (lui rendre is understood)
Elle ne s'est pas donne toutes les peincs qu'elle
aiiroit du (se dovner is understood.)
8. Some granunarians have pretended that
the particifile should be indeclinable, when the
subject follows the veib, orwhen the participle
is immediately joined to an adjective, which
agrees with the direct object. Thus, they would
write— Los or dres qu'a donne le roi. Cette re-
pubhque que ses ennemis ont rendu puissante —
Write don7us rmdut, to agree witii ordrrs and
rcpublique. Our best authors now follow, in such
cases, the general rule.
OF THE VERBS ccst and il est; ily a; U fait; il faut.
1. Vest, c'etoit, &c are commonly used— Be-
fore a substantive, either single, or joined to an
adjective — Before an adjective pre(;eded or fol-
lowed by an adverb, or its equivalent— Before
an adverb alone — Before pronouns; ai<d before
a verb in' the infinitive. Ex. C"e?t un niLdeciii;
c'6toit le la-iuais de ma srcur ; c'est une jolie
femmc ; c'est une femmc charmanie — C'e stroit
trop imprudent; c'est fait a merville — C'esi assez ;
c'est demain qu'il doit venir — C'est rile qui me
I'a dit. C'est nous qui soinmes les agresscnrs —
C'est vouloir se predre que d'atiaquer ces gens-la.
2. With tne same verbs, il is commonly used
before an adjective without substantive ; and be-
fore a substantive without article. Ex. II est
prudent de ne pas Uop compter sur I'aveiiir. II
est lems de diner. — II c.-^t midi a ma montre —
r,'e sny; c'est vrai, c'est bon, &c. in sentences
without a regimen, by way of answer, or as a
remark, in a familiar manner of speaking — ce is
then a real abbreviation of ccla.
3. With these same verbs, wnen a substantive
is taken adjirtivelij, we make use of il. rile, »7,-',
ellc.i, according to the number. Ex. 11 est m('-
decin; elle est comtes.ee; its sont soldats; elles
sont duchesses. Elle est fille (wnwa/^r7erf)— C'est
la fillede Mr. Blair : c'est la duches.se de,&c.&.c.
4. When c is followed by a noun or a pro-
noun in Uie tlvird person plural, the verb may be
either singular or plural, hut ce does not change-
However, when a question is asked, the verb
must remain in the singular. Ex. C'est eux, oi
ce sont eux qui ont gagne la victoirc. Ce sera
les Espagnols, or ce seront les Espagnols qui y
|)erdront â €” Kst-ce eux qui ont gagnii la victoirel
Sera-ce les E.>-pagiio!s qui y perdront?
5. It is, followed by icilh, is rendered intc
French by il ne fst, whh de, or its equivalent
Ex II en est de vous comme de nioi. II en est,
dpr^s la mon, du pauvre comme du tiche
6. Jl y a, il y nroit, &lc. see page xxviii.— This
verb di«s not vary in Frcii'-h as it doea in Eng-
li.sh ; it is always in the third prrsim singular.
Ex. II J' a de bonnes gens dans tons les pays. II
y a trop de poivre dans ce ragout.
7. // est, &c. is sometimes elegantly used in-
stead of i7 y a, &c. Ex II e.<tdes figures d'hommes
et de femmes pour qui la toilette ne pent rien.
8. II fait, il faisoit, fee. This verb is the trasi^
lation of it is, it wax, &c. in English, to denote
the disposition and nature of the air and of the
weather, and of the ways. Ex. 11 fera beau de-
main. II a fait froid aujourd'hui. II fail crolt6 ;
the roads are dirty — It likewise extends to the
nature and disposition of places, with the help
of an adj("ctive. Ex. II fait cher vivre a Lon-
dres. II feroif bon en Italie, si le gouvernemept
y 6toit moins despotioue.
liii
9. II faut, il falloit, &c. see page xxviii.—
This verb is not impersonal in English, and it
id alwaj"^ so in Fiench. Hence t!ie constant
mistake of young beginners, who, instead of
Baying — II faut que j'aille a Londres. II laudra
que vous soyez de retour a quatre heures—
toould eaij; Je faut, nous faut, &c. It is a gross
error.
10. This verb, il faut, &c. when used before
to have, is rendered into French by placing have
in the subjunctive with que ; or, more elegantly,
by inserting a personal pronoun. Ex. 1 must
have money, &c. II faut que j'aie de I'argent;
il faut que vous ayez de I'argent; il faut qu'ils
aient de I" argent, &c. Or, still better: II me
faut de I'argent: il vous faut de I'argent; il leur
faut de I'argent, &c.
11. In such senteaces as the following one,
avoid carefully the passive voice either by mak
ing use of on with the verb devoir, or, in ren-
dering subject m French, the word wliich is object
in English ; or, by any other active turn. Ex. Tlie
laws must be obeyed— On droit obeir aux loia ;
il faut obeir aux lois; obeissons aux lois; noua
devons obeir aux lois.
1-2. Indeed, I had almost said . Always avoid
the passive voice in French. The Frencti lan-
guage bears it with great difficulty, and, wlien
we cannot bring a verb to an active sense, we
give it an active appearance by lending a re-
llective form to the verb. Ex. Le vin se vend
trois chelins la boute ille. II se irouve des gens
que rien ne pent contenter. Cela ne peut se
faire. — The passive sense is so frequently used
in English, that beginners aie long before they
can unfetter their sFyle.
MISCELLANEOUS OBSERVATIONS.
071 prepositions, Conjunctions, Adverbs, <S-c. 6,-c.
*^* We hope the reader has not neglected to future, in French, instead of the present. Ex.
study attentively all the practical sentences from Cluand vous sortirez, vous ferrez bien de prendre
p. XXXV. to xxxLx. We have only room here for un paraplule ; when you o-o out, &c. you icill, <Stc.
some remarks. Q.uand je saurai dessiner, je ferai votre portrait ;
I. Prepositions do not always correspond in whan I know,&:.c. I will,&.c. — The same remark
French and in English. I mean; w«fA cannot al- stands good for any conjunction equivalent to
ways be translated by avec, nor of hyde, &c. &c. when, as aussitot que des que, &c.
Hz. Je suis content de vous ; je pensois a vous — 4. The adverbs, in French, are commonly
I am satisfied «?//,A you; I was thinking o/ you placed after their verbs; and, isi compound tenses,
-Some of them are not even expressed at all. between tlie auxiliary v<nb and tiie participle.
Ex. Nous 6tions seuls— We were by ourselves.
^-Bf careful in translating and composing; con-
fiult your dictionary, and you will soon write
wiiliont Ansilicisms.
Ex. Vous ne vcnez jamais me voir* Je n'ai pas
encore appris ma lecon.
5. When jamais, toujovrs, and souvent meet
another adverb, place tlumi first. Ex. Nous
2 The verb of a su{)position, affected by the somnios souvetit ensemble. II ne parte jamais
riinjiinction, si, can, in French, ba neither in the trop. Comportoz-vous toujours polimcnt.
future nor the conditional. Ex. Si vous me (>. Never p; ace as.>''^2, r/joj/ff A, after its substan-
j/rgtcz, {or, si vous voulcz me prefer) votre livre, tive, as thf^y do in English. £r. Vous n'avez
je vous piftterai le mien. Si votre frere venoit pas assez de patience. J'ai assez de livres, mais
{or, si votre frere vient) avant cinq heures, priez jo n'ai pas assez de terns pour les lire,
le ds m'attendre.— IVe may say; Je ne sais s'il 7. A mains que, de craintc que, de peur que, will
viuiidra. Je ne sais s'il le pourroii— Hut thL'n
ilie supposition aflecls another part of the sen-
tence— Sui>p>s6 que je I'invito, je ne sais s'il
MUAui\,:i..ui nc &:ui s'il viendroit, &.c. On the
cimtraiy, in the first examples, the supposition
falls on the very verbs atTectcd by *-i — Suppo.s6
que vous me preliez, <Stc. je vous prt'terai,&c.
3. fVli.cn, before a present tense, and followed
have ne with the verb, which, in English, is not
negative, and ne pas, when the verb is negative.
Ex. A moins qu'il ne- vicnne; a moius ipi'il 7)fl
vionne2>a5. Decrainte qu'il nevienne; decrainie
qu'ii nc vienne ;>/!.•.•; de peur qu'il ne vieniie; do
peurqu'ilMc vicnne 7>'t.9. Unless he comes utUcss
he should not come, &c.
8. We apply the same rule to the verbs ex-
by a present tense, has the same construction in pressing fear, risk, and hinderanre, followed by
French and English. — Kx. duand il vient, il est que, (with the restriction. No. 9.)— Ex. Je cram's
toi 1 jours pi esse ; when ho. comes, he is, &cc. — But qu'il ne vienne; je crains qu'il he vienne pas;
this same conjunction irhm, before a present in J'appr6hende qu'il ne vienne; J'apprehende qu'il
Enulish, and followed by a future, must have a ne vienne ;>as, &.C.
Uv
D. Attf-r a comparative (of superiority ot infe-
rtarity,) which is expresBcd in Frtiicli by 7;/^^-,
vioins, )iutre, antrimnit, or iJieir equivalent, ne
is jirefi-xed to the setoiul >efb, wh«en tlie lirst verb
is ajpiniativey or inltmigalice wtlh a nrgation.
Ex. Elle est pins riche que vous ne pensiez.
N'est-cl'e pas plus riche que vous ne pensiez.
But, if tile tirsl verb is ntg-utive, or inUrroga-
tive vcithout a negation, ne must not be used.
y.x. Elle n'esi pa^s niuins belle que sa scEur
lYtoit. Esl-elle nioins belle que sa siear I'eioit ?
The same rule is true for verbs expressing
fear, risk, or hindcrance. — Ex. Je crainsqu'il 7ie
vionr.e. Ne craignez- vous pas qu'il weviennel —
Je ne crains pas qu'il vieiine, Craigiiez-voua
qn'il viennd— J'enipecherai qu'il ne vienne.
N'emp^cherez-vous pas qu'il 7te vienne 1— Jo
n'cmpecherai pas qu'il viemie. Enipecherez-
vous qu'il vienne?
J.e is sometimes added to ne; it is a point of
taste which cannot be felt without practice. Ex.
Elle est plus riche que vous ne le pensiez. N'e;»t-
elle pas moins belle que ne i'eioit sa suiur ?
As some very respf;clab!e grammarians give
it as a rule C without exception} that nc is always
used after a comparative, we think it necessary
to refer the readers (if they should entertain any
doubt) to Mr. Salmon's Compute Systan, where
they will find tlie rules supported by the authority
of the French ^Icademij, I'oltatrc, JMarieaux,
Ftnllon, &.C.
10. -When a verb used negatively, is in the in-
finitive, ne and pns come together before that
verb. Ex. J'ainie niieux ne pas ^tre riche que
(le faire des has?e?ses. II est iniposcible de ne pas
d6tebter Ics lyraiis.
11. jV<j, as an answer, is 7? on in French; and
vnt that, as a conjunction, ia rendered by non
qui-, or mm pas qur, with the subjunctive. Ex.
Voudriez-vous 6ire roi, hii dit Cleobule ? Non,
repoiidit-il, j'ainie trop la vertii. J'evite la cour ;
non pas que je haisse la soci6t6, mais je d6teste
l<s flaneurs. Nous ne nous voyons i)lus ; non que
Ts-n;:- -• yor.s enncmis, mais nos huiueurs ne s'ac-
r<i. riant pas.
\l. Point denies more strongly than pas, aiid
Ihilli re(iuire the i>reposition de before their re-
rip'n. Ex. U n'a point d'amis. II n'a pas
d'Hic-nt.
1.1. If an adverb follows the negation, pas must
be used; i)etanse point denies absolutely, and
rnns«qnently cannot be liniiled by an adverb
Ex. Je ne vols pas .souvent votre frere. Vous
Now, I leave my young readers to abler liands,
U^ss to them.
n'avez pas beaucoupd'arbres fruititrs dans votr«
jardin.
14. When wi is repeated in a sentence, in the
sense of cither, or, and nor, join nc to iJie preced-
ing veib in Flench. Ex. Je ne suis ni Demo-
crate, ni Aristocrate ; jc suis honneie honuue. Je
ne me plaLs ni a chasser, ni a jouer, ni a buiro;
j'aime a converscr.
15. After tlie verbs pouvoir, tavoir, oscr, an(}
cesser, ne is commonly used without piLs.— Exi
li n'ose paroitre en public. Nous ne pouvoiu
r6sister a ia calomnie. Je ne sais ce qu'il veut
dire. Ce pauvre honmie ne cesse de se rendre
ridicule.
16. Neither /)fl5 nor point can appear in a sen-
tence with ja;naja,pti/5, WI, aucun, nul, personnc,
qui que ce soil, rien, quoi (^ue ce toil, qvelconqiu,
when tJiry are used as negative terms. Ex. II
ne faut jarnais se fior auji mcchans. Nous ne
voyons plus votre soeur. lis n'ont ni argent, ni
amis. Je n'ai hi aucun des livrcs que vous
m'avez envoy^s. ,^Vous n'avez nulle exactitude.
Personne ne le saiL Je ne ledis a personne. Je
viens dii pare; je n'y ai vu (|ui(iuo ce soit de
ma connoissance. C'est un homme qui n'aime
rien, qui ne sti soucie de rien. Je nc lui ai ja-
mais rien dit. lis ne peuvenl rfussir a qitoi que
ces<jii.
17. Try to avoid the errors often committed ia
tlie use of the following verbs.
Jhner; to lead from the place where one is ; to
guide, i-.x. Menez eel enfant a I'ecolo. Mencz
mon clieval a I'tcurie.
j]iiuncr; to bring to the place wliere one is.
Ex. Amcnez-moi cet enlant. Vous amen era-t-il
votre cheval ?
Ennnener; to carry away. Ex. II cmmena
deux regimens avec lui.
Remtnir; to carry back. Ex. Remeuez cet en-
fant a son pere.
These four verbs generally suppose motion in
the objects ; they are led and not borne.
Porter; to carry from the place where one ia.
Ex. Portez ces livres dans ma cliambre.
J}pportcr; to bring towards llie place where
one is. Ex. Apportez-moi du fruit.
Eviporter; to carry away. Ex. Emportcz cette
table.
Reporter; to carrj- back. Ex. Reporlez ces
livres dans ma chauibre.
These four verbs generally suppose that the ob-
jects are unable to move of themselves ; they axe
borne, and not led.
\\\vh the hope, however, of not having bten uso-
A NEW
FRENCH AND ENGLISH
POCKET DICTIONARY.
PART [.
COJVTAIjMNG the FRENCH BEFORE THE ENGLISH.
i. B. The reader is referred to the Observations at the beginnivg, in order to understand tht
Editor'' s plan.
Fa' the names of remarkable
Men, Women, Empires, Kingdoms, States,
Republics, Isiaufls, Peninsulas, Provinces, Cities,
Towns, Mountains, Volcanoes, Promontories, Capes,
Seas, Gulfs, Bays, Straits, Rivers,
Ancient and modern Nations, &c. see the Supplement at tlie End.
ABA
Asm. an A.
, A, pr. to, at, on, vith, in,
into, within, about, .iccarding
to, for, of, agaiasc, by, after
Khd\s,se,sf.under-crust,inpastry
\baissement, sn. abasement;
fall; humblinj^; diminution
Abaisser, va. to abase; lower;
* let down; * humble
S'Abaisser, vr. to * fall; de-
crease; * sijik; cringe
Abaisseur, sm. diprcssor
Abalourdir, va. to stupify
Abamlon, sm. abandoning; lewd-
ness
Abandonn6, sm. a rake
Abandonnee, .«/. prostitute
Abandorm6, e. a. shameless; im-
pad-nt
Abandonnement, sm. abandon-
ing; giving up; dereliction;
prof':racy
Abandonner, va. to * forsake:
* give ooer; * leaoe off; deli-
ver vp; * let loose; desert,
prostitute
S' Abandonner, vr. indulge one's
self; despond [lamn
Abaquo, sm. Abacus, top of a co-
Abasonrdir, va. to stun
\batage, sm. charge of clearing
a forest
Pakt T.
ABD
Abatant, shutter, flap
Abatardir, va. to corrupt; to mar
S' — , vr. to degenerate
Abatardissement, 5//t. corrtiption
Abat-jour, sky-l,gkt
Abattement, dejection, faintness
Abatteur, afcilsr
Abattis, offal; rubbish; over-
throw; pulling down
Abattre, va. pull down; abate;
afflict
S'abattre, vr. * fall down; de-
spond; fail
Abattu, e. a. afflicted; dejected
Abattures, .if. foiling
Abat-vent, .9m. pent-house of a
steeple; fence against rain
Abat-voi.K, sm. the canopy above
a pulpit
Abb^e, sf. dam; bay
Abbatial, a. of or belonging to
an j^bbot
Abbaye, sf. abbey
Abb6, sm. abbot
Abbessc, .<tf. abbr.s.^
Aitctder, tm. to turn into an ab-
scess, or tumour
AbcciS, sm. abscess, imposthume
Abdaias. sm. a Persian monk
Abdication, .if. —tion
Abdiquer, va. to abdicate
Abdomen, sm. abdomen
A
ABO
Abducteur, a. s. —tor
Abduction, sf. — tion
Ab6cedaire, 2. a. s. novice
Ab6cher, va. to * feed birds
Abcille, sf. a bee
Abequer, va. to * feed a bird
Aberration, sf. —tion
Ab6tir, va. to stupify
S'abttir, wr. to * grow stupid
Ab hoc & ah hac, at random
Abhorrer, va. to abhor, detest
Abigeat, sm. cattle-robbery
Abjection, sf. —tion
Abject, te. a. abject^ mean
Abime, sm. aliyss, hell
Ahimer, va. to destroy, to ruin
S' — , vr. to ruin one's self
Ab-intestat, abintestate
Abjuration, sf. —tion
Abjurer, va. to abjure
Ablactation, sf. the weaning of
an infant
Ablatif, sm. ablative
Abluer, va. to rerine old writing
Ablution, sf. —tion
Abn«';gation, — tion
Ahoi, aboiement, .om. barking
Abois, pi. point of death; at bay
Abolir,t'a <(7 abi>Ush;annul; obh
terate;banish;*for<r^iie;destroy
S' — , vr. to * be abol'shed
Abolisscmcnt, sm. annulling
to
ABR ABU
S" abreu vor.w tmlrhi l.phu tiju II y
Abjt'uvoii, gi-i witti niij/ place
Abreyeivua. ti sUUcr, kicpfiom
Abri, dm. shutr.r^ dcj'cnce
Abricoi, vprnnt
Abiicote, cavJied aj,rirot
Abiicotier, s«.. apncot-tree
Abiivent, gu- shther p-om tcind
Alirogaiion, if —\ion
Abrnger, va. aLrognt^:^ repeal
Abrupio, (es irut vf hmid
Abrulir, ra. u Lesot ^
S' , vr. tc ifroic stupul
Abrntissenieiit, sm. brutishvess
Abscisse, sf van of the axin of
a curve
Absence, sf. .J^sencc; â– tvavdcring
Abs^eiit, e. a - absmit
S'abseiiU'r,r loabstiitoue's sdf
AbsJiilhf, ^j uctmnwood
A\K»\\\,*i.ti. oJ'tolute; pcren.jitory
Absoiuineiit ad. absvlatdy;
1 quite; iitti r
Alsohiiion, /•/ — tion
p/ Absolutoire, :.;• a. nbsolutory
1 Absorbaiit, u .•>•• ab.^orbtut
Absorber, vu lO absorb; nuch ».;>;
destroy
Absolution, . / — fion
Aboliiion, sf. — tion
.-vbouiinable, 2. a. — nalle
Alotuiiiableiuent, ad. — biu
Aboininatiuu, .sf. — tion
Abominer, va. to abominate,
abhor, detect
VhondainuieiU, ad. abundantly
Aboiidaiice, sf. abundance. —
Avoir la come d'aboiulaiicc,
to be lucky
Aloiidaiit, e. a. abundant
Abondtr, i:n. to abound
Aboniieiiiciil, sm. agreement
S'auonnor, or. to bargain,
compound
Abonuir, v. to * make good
mend; improve
&' — , vr. to* grow better
Abord, sm. access; attack; resort
Abordable, 2. a. accessible
Aljordage, sm. boarding
Aborder, va. to accost; board.
land; attack; resort
Aborigeiies, sm. pi. — gines; na-
tives
Abornement, sm. the fixing
bounds, boundary
Abomer, ra. to * set boundaries,
to settle
Abortif, vc. a. abortive
, sm. abortive child
Abouchement, conference
Aboucher, va. to * bring per-
sons together; to confer
S'al>oucher, vr. to confer; parity
Abougrj, e- a. stunted
Abouquer, re add fresh salt to
meat
About, sm. end, remainder
About(?, 0. a. placfd end to end
Aboutir, vn. to border on end
Aboulissaiit, c. a. bordirin<r on
— ,sm. abutment; abuttals; limit.'
Aboutissement, sm. eking-picce;
suppuration
Aboyant, a. barking
Aboycr, 7JJ. to bark
— a la liinc, to bark trVn one
cannot bite
Aboy(■1lr,.«;7^. barker; dun;clicker
Abr/cti, abridgment
Abrrgi.T, ra. to abridge
Abrp\int<Mir, tm. — tor
Abrt^viation, -v/. — tion
Abrenver, to iiaicr, soak
Absoudre, r
.\tsoiil(', sf â–
Absu'ine, '2. .
S'abstenir,»'
AlKlcrgem, t
.Absterger, »f
Abstersif", \>
Abstrrsiion, t
.Al»sliiienr.e,
Abstiiit'i»t, e
.Alistraciinn
.Al)ftraire, »<
absolve
• : sulutio7i
I s. ibstrmiovs
to abstain, r-frair.
s. abstergent
'o cleanse a icound
a abstersive
• —siun
-nevce
a. — nntt
•f. — tion
'o ahstracl
Abstrait, e. <• alistmctcd
.'\bstri:s, e. c
Alisiirde,2. .
AliMiirdnitei
Absurditi"', *â–
.Vbus, .ini. a-
Anustr, V i. ■•
S' , vr. t
Abii.sPiir, SI!
AlHisif, ve. (
.Abiisivemei
.\bii!fT, va.
pliy first
ubstnt.<r, dark
absurd
ad. absurdly
—dify
(.s/; cirin; fraud
abv*!-; to deceive
* VI ig lake
•(dvcer, deceiver
tbusire
6-. abusiv'hf
' throw who shall
ACC
Abu lion, sm. a sort of marslf
71! alio ID
.\ciibH,good or bail taste offrui't
Acacia, acacia {a tree)
Acadjinicieii, member of an aca-
dtunj
Acadiimie, sf. academy; gaming-
tabic, or house; liiirng-housc
Acad^mique, ^2. a. — viical
Acadcmiquemeut, ad. enllji
Acadeuiiste, sm. acudemist
S'acognarder, vr. to grow sLth-
Acajou, sm. mahegany
Acaiiac6, e. a. tliomy
Acantlio, sf. hr'ank vrsii e,
bcar\sfuot
Acaro, sm. —rus; handicorm
AcariaUt?, 2. a. peevish
A cause do, c. because 'hat
A cause quo, because that
Accablant, c. a. grievous; trou-
ll'Some
AccaUlemcJit, sm. opprcs.tion;
fainUtess; heaviness
Accabler, vn. to ovcrichclm;
crush; crpprcss; tire
Acrapareiutnt, Mjn. nione]>oly
Accaparcr, v. forestall; engross
Accarer, to coi front
Acccder, vn. to accede
Acceleraieur, * «. — vator
Acct'leraiioii, sf. — t'on
Accelcrt-r, va. acrclrruti, f.'jstcn
Accent, sm. accent; tunr; note
Accentuer, ra. to nccn:t
Accentuation, s/. — tion: prosody
Acceplable, 2. a. reasonable,
Korih accepting
Acceptant, e. s. accepter
Acceptation, sf. acceptance
Accepter, ra. to accrj>t; leccice
ACC( pleur, sm. acapter
.Acception, sf. — tion; accepta-
tion; respect
Acces, sm. access; fits
Accessible, 2. a. acce.ynble
Accession,*/, accession; increase
Acccssit, sm. the second best pre-
mium
Accessoire, sm. occtssart/
— , a. accessaiy; tontributivg
Accident, sm. necufent; chance
Accidentel, e. a. —dmtiil
Accidcntelieuient, ad. —ally
ACC
Accise, sf. excise, tax
Acclanialeur, sm. commendcr
Acclamation, sf. shout; huzia
Acclimater, va. to season
AccoLiitance, sf. fdiniUurity
Accoi.-^er, va. to calm, still
Accolade, .«/. embrace; dubbing
Acco'e, e. a. joined
Accolt.T, va. to * clip and cull;
* put together in a dish; add
into one sum; join
Accoininndable, 2. a. that viay
be accumiuodated
Accoiiiiuodage, sm. dressing of
miat; fitting up
Accoinmodant, e. a. good na-
turcd; complying
Accoiniiiodatioii, sf. — tion
Accomiiiode, e. a- tccll provided
fur; drist out; fated
Accoinuio(lfiment,s7n.agref.m€7tt;
expedient; accommodation
Accominoder, va. to accommo-
date; to dress; fit; reconcile;
mend; cook; use ill; * sell
S'accommoder, vr. to * make
much of one's self; like; agree
with; seize upon; * be made vp
Accompagnateur, sm. one who
accompanies
Accompagnement, retinue, ac-
companying
Accompagner,t)a. to accompany;
attend; match; escort
S'accompagner, na. to * keep
conipany; be attended bij
Accomplir, va. to accomplish,
fulfil, perform
S'— , vr. to * be fulfilled
Accomplissemcnt, sm. accom-
ylishment; fulfilment: fulfill-
ing
Accoquinant, e. a. engaging;
alluring
S'accoquiner, vr. to grow fond of
Accoquiner, va. to entice, allure
Accord, sm. agreement, concord
Accordable, 2. a. grantable
Accordailles, sf.pl. espousals
Accordant, e. a. tunable
Accordo, sf. keep stroke
Accord^, sm. bridegroom
Accordee, ef. bride
Accordeur, sm. tuner of any mu-
sical instrument
ACC
Accorder, va. to grant; reconcile
S'accorder, vr. to agree
Accoidoir, sm. a tuning key
Accorer, va. to prep, to stay
Accorne, e. a. homed
Accort, e. a. complaisant; saga-
cious; courteous
Accortise, sf complaisance
Accostable, 2. a. affable
Accostcr, va. to accost, * come vp
S' — , cr. to * keep company with
Accoter, va. topi op vp
S' — , vr. to lean against
Accotoir, sm. prop
Accouch6e,6/. woman in childbed
Accouchement, sm. delivery
Accouchor, va. to * lay a woman
— , vn. to * be brovght to bed
Accouclieur, sm. man-mid-wife
Accoucheuse, sf. midwife
S'accouder, vn. to lean on one's
tlbnw
Accoudoir, sm. a leaning place
Accouer, va. to * strike a stag
Accouple, sf. a leash
Accouplement, sm. copulation
Accoupler, va. to couple
Accouicir, to shorten
S' — , vr. to * grow short
Acc(mrcisscmi^ia,sm. shortening
Accourir, vn. to run to
Accoutrement, sm. garb
Accoutrer, va. to accoutre
Accoutumance, ,•-/ habit
Accoutuni6, e. a. accustomed;
usual
Accoutumer, va. to accuslom,usc
S' — , vr. to use o7u's self
Accr6diter, to * give esteem
S' — , vr. to '* get a name
Accr(!<tion, sf. accretion
Accroc, sm. rent; hook; stop
Accroclie, sf. hindcrar.cc
Accrocher,w. to * hang on a hook;
* catch; delay; grapple
Accroire, (fairej to * make one
believe
Accroissement, sm. increase; in-
crement; growth
Accroiire, vn. to augment, in'
crease
S'accroupir, vr. to squat down
Accroupisscment, sm. sitting
squat down
Accru, e. a. increased
AGO 8
Accueil, sm. reception
Accueiliir, na. to receive; * over-
take
5'—, vr. to hire one's self
Accul sm. straitness
\ccnlvr,va.to *put onehardtoit
S'— , to * betake ojie's self to a
corner or wall
Accumulation, s/*. —tioji
Accumuler, va. accumulate
S' — , vr. to increase
Accusable, 2. a. blameable
Accusateur, trice, s. accuser
Accusatif, sm. accusative
Accusation, sf. —tion, charge
Accusatrice, she-accuser
Accus6, sm. party accused
Accuser, va. to accuse; indict
Aceiisement,sm lease, farm
Acenser, va. to lease, * let out
Acerbe, 2. a. acerb, sour
Ac6r6, e. a. sharp; keen; acute
Ac6rer, va. to steel, temper
Ac^lii, e. acetous, sour
Ac^teuse, sf. sorrel
Ac6teux, se. a. sharp, tart
Acetum, alcalis6, sm. distilled
vinegar
Achalander, va. to * get custom
\charnement, stn. rage, fury
Acharner, ra. to enrage, provoke
S' — , vr. to * fall furiously upon
Achat, sm. purchase
Ache, sf. smallage
Acheminement, sm, means to
bring a thing about
Acheminer, va. to forward
S' — , vr. to set off; * go one's way
Acheter, va. to purchase, * buy
Acheteur, se. s. purchaser
Ach6ve, e. a. perfect
Ach6vement, sm. finishing
Achever, va. to finish; end; com
plete; * put to death
Achoppement, sm. obstacle; rub;
stumbling
A chores, sm. pi. the thrush (a
disorder)
Acide, 2. a. acid, sharp, sour
Acidity, .<:/. acidity, sourness
Aciduler, va. * make aour,
acidulate
Acier, sm. steel; sword
Acolyte, acolyth
lAconit, sm. aconite; %Dolfbam
ADE
ADO
ADU
Acoiistique, af. acousUca
Acqutireur, am.pardiaser, ouyrr
Acqu6rir, va. to acquire; * f(ct^
* buy
Acquet, sm. acquest
Acquiescement, compliance
Acquiescer, vn. to acquiesce,
yield; comply
Acquis, sm. ktiowledgc^ acquire-
ment
Acquisition, sf. —lion; purchase
Acquit, sm- acquittance
Acquit de douane, cocket
Acquit, (au jeu de billard) the
lead
Acquitter, va. to clear, acquit
S'acquitter, vr. to discharge,
perform, fulfil, pay off
Acre, -2. a. sharp, tart, sour
Acre, sm. acre
Acret6, sf. sharpness, acrimony
Acrimonie, acrimony
Acroalique, 2. a. acroatick
ACfobate, sm. rope dancer,
among the ancients
Acrocliordon, — don; wart
Acrocome, s. who has longhair
Acromion, sm. — mion
Acronique, 2. a. acronical
Acrosuche, 2. a. acrostic
— , sm. acrostic
Acroteres, acrotercs, pinnacles
Acte, sm. act, action, deed
Actes, records, rolls; acts
Acteur, rice, s. actor; actress
Acti( ve. a. active
Action, action; share in stock;
battle; suit at law
Actions de graces, sf. thanks-
giving
Actionnaire, sm. stockholder
Actioner, va. to sue
Activenienl, ad. actively
Activer, va. to put in motion,
stir up
Activit6, sf activity, quickness
Actrice, actress
Actual, le. a. actual; reed;
Acmelleinent, ad. now; really
Acut, e. a. acute
Acutangle, 2. acute-angular
Adage, sm. adage; proverb
Adaptation, */. adaptation
Adapter, va. to adapt; reply
Adcquau e. a. complete
Addition, sj. adUtiun
Atldiiiuiuii.:i, If. a. auilitional
AilditiiKiner, ca. to * set up
ri'addonner, rr. to addict one's
a, if; to * take to
Add acteur, A^>/i. adducent muscle
Ademption, sf. ademption
Adepte, */«. adept
Adt^xtre, a. on the right hand
Adherence, sf. adherence
Adherent, e. a. s. adherent
Adherer, to adhere, * stick to
Adiiosion, sf. adJiesion
Adjacent, e. a. adjacent
Adiante, sm. maiden-hair
Adiaphore, 2. a. indifferent
Adjectif, sin. adjective
Adjection, sf. adjectiun
Adjectivement, ad- — vely
Adieu, sm. ad. adieu, farewell
Adipeux, euse, a. adipose; fat
Adjoindre, va. to adjoin
Adjoin^, sm. assistant, adjunct,
partner
Adjoiiction, sf. adjunction
Adjudant, s. adjutant
Adjudicataire,s//». highest bidder
Adjudication, sf. adjudging
Adjuger, va. to adjudge
Adjuration, sf. adjuring
Adjurer, va. to adjure
Admettre, va. to admit; allow of
Adminicule, sm. slight proof
Administrateur, manager
Administration, sf. — tion
Administratrice, —tratrix
Administrer, ra. administer
Admirable, 2. a. admirable
Admirablement, va. —rably
Admirateur, sm. admirer
Admiraiif,a.5. note of admiration
Admiration, sf. — tion
Admiratrice, she-admirer
Admirer, va. to admire; to won-
dcr at
Admissible, 2. a. allowable
Admission, sf. admission
Admon6t6, sm the admonishing
Adm(m<Her,va.towarn,admunish
Admoniteur, sm. monitor
Admonition, sf. warning
Adolescence, adolescency
Adolescent, sm. youth
Adonien, ne a. adonic
Adoniri, sm. a beau; spark
Adoniser, va. *o * make fin*
S' — , to trick one's self out
Adoniscur, sm. a beau
Adopter, va to adopt
Adiiptif, ve. a. ailuptive
Adoj)tion, sf. atloption
Adorable, 2. a. adorable
.\doraleur, sm. adorer, worship
per
Adoration, sf. — tion, worship
.\dorer, va. to adore, worship
Ados, sm. shelving bed
.\do5seinent, backing
.Vdosser, ra. to * put back to
back, strengthen backwards
S' — ,vr.tolcini one' shock agaiTtst
-Adouber, va. to r>yair
.Adouci, sm. siftening, polish-
ing, a soft grinding-stone
Adoucir, to sweeten; appease;
tame; soften; mitigate
S' — , ra. to * become sweet; to
relent; * grow milder
Adoucissant, e. a. softening
— , sm. sweetening; soj'lener
Adoucissenient, sm. softening;
allay; medium; lenitive; lenity
Adoue, e. a. coupled; paired
Adragan, sm gum dragant
.Adresse, .</. direction of a letter,
address, industry, skill
Adresser r. to address; * hit the
mark; direct
S' — , * vr. to apply; * be directed
Adroit, e. dextrous; .'ly
Adroit, sm. sharji fellow
Adroitement, ad. deitrously
Adveniit", ve- a. —titious
Adverbe, sm. adverb
Adverbial, e. a. — bial
Adverbialement, ad. — ally
Adversaire, s. —sary, opposer
Adversatif, ve. a. —tioe
Adverse, 2. a. adverse
Adversit6, sf. adversity
Adulateur, sm. adulator
Adnlatif, ve. a. adulatory
Adulation, sf. flattery
Ada\Htrice, Jlatterir
Aduler, va. to flatter meanly
Adulte, s. an adult
Adulte, 2. tt. adult
Adultere,5m. adultery; adulUrer
Adultere, sf. adu'tcrcss
Adultere, 2. o. aduUerout
AFF
AFF
AGE
Adulterer, va. to adulterate
Adult6rin, e. l/om in adultery
Adusle, 2. a. adust, overheated
Aduster, va. to burn
Adustion, sf. — lion, burning
Agr6, e. a. well aired
Aerer, va. to air
Aerier,5a. to air {by fumigation)
Acrieii, ne. a. ethereal; aerosta-
tic, aerial
A6rographie, sf. acrography
Aeromancie, acromancy
Aerom6tre, sm. acromttcr
Aeroin6trie, sf. acrometry; ae-
rostation
A6roiiaute, sm. air-balloonist
Acrophobe, one who is afraid of
the air
A6ra«tat, ou vaisseaii aerien, sm.
air-balloon
A6rostatique, 2. a. —tatic
Affnbilite, sf. —hility
Affal)lfi, 2. affable, courteous
Affableiiient, ad. affably
Affadir, va. to cloy
Affadissement, sm. cloyment
Aff!iire,sf. affair, business ;thing;
matter; concern; duty; dis-
pute; action; trouble, scrape
Affair6, e. a. busy
AfTaissement, srn. sinking down
Affaisser, wa. to press down
S'artaisser, vr. to * sink down
Affaiter, va. to tawr a hawk
Aft'ah;, e. a. wind-bound
AffaliT, va. to lowrr
Atfainor, tofnwish, stance
Affamt';, e. a. grcidy of; scanty;
not strimir mough
Arteaiiemeiit, sm. Irasrhold
Affbaser,*'^ <tf * give inleasehold
Affocratioii, */. —tion
Atfectt, e. a affected
Aff«;cter, va. to affict; mortgage;
appropriate [fictions
Affeclif, ve a. that moves the af-
Affection, */. affection, love
Affectiotin6, e. a. affectionate
Affcciionner, va. to love
B' — , vr. to di light in
Afl«^ctuoiisenieni, ad. kindly
Affoctucux, se a. affectionate
Affcrmer, vr. to farm; rait
AJFennir, to strengthen
g' — , v" ''» * be strengthened
Affermissement, sm. support,
strengthening
Aftet6, e. a. affected
Afffeterie, sf. affectation
Afficlie, sf. bill posted up
Afficher, va. to post up
AfRcheur, sm. an advertiser
Affid6, e. a. trusty, confidant
Affier, va. to graft
Affiler, to sharptn
Affiliation, sf. filiation; adoption
Affilier, va. to adopt, initiate
Affinage, sm. affinage, refining
Affinement, refining
Affiner, va. to refine
Affinerie, sf. refinery
Affineur, sm. refiner
Affinit6, sf. affinity, relation
Affinoir, sm. hatchel
Affiquet, knitting- sheath
Affiqu(:ts,sm.pl.pretly ornaments
Affiimatif, ve. a. peremptory
Affirmation, sf. —tion
Affirmative, —live
Affimiativement, ad. positively
Affirmer, va. affirm, a.sscrt
Affistoler, to dress, to adorn
Afflourer, to level; smooth
Afflicljf, ve. a. afflictive
Affliction, sf. affliction
Affligean, e. a. afflicting; sad
Affligcr, va. to afflict, vex
S'afliiger, vr. to grieve
Affluence, .9/. affluence; concourse
Affluent, e. a. flowing; nriming
Affluer, vn. to resoi t; abound; *
flow
Affiiiblir. va. weaken; nllay
S'aiVoibiir, vr. to * grow wink
Artbibiis^-enient, sm. weakening
AtToler, va. to infatuate
Affolir, vn. to * grow fool i.th
Afforage, sm. assiied price
Affiarer, va. to assize
Aftburcher, to moor across
Affi:)urager, afCourcr, to fodder
Afiburagement, sm. foddering,
food
AlTranchi, a freed wan
Affranchie, sf. freed woman
Affraiichir, va. to * get free; fret
— unelettre, to frank
Affranchissemenl, sm. delivery;
exemption
AfftvB, sf. pi. great fright
Affr6tempnt, sm. hire of a sh^
Affi6ter, va. to hire a skip
Affi-6leur, sm. freighter
Affreusement, ad. horribly
Affreux, se. a. dreadful, hideout
Aflriander, va. to use dainties; U>
allure
Affrioler, to allure; entice; decoy
Affriter, to prepare a pan to fry
with
Affront, sm. affront; reproach
Affronlailles, sf. boundaries
Affront6,e.a./flct»^(in heraldry)
Affronter, ra. to face; cheat
Affronterie, sf. cheat
Affronteur, se. a cheat
Affublement, sm. covering
Affubler, va. to muffle up
S' — , de quclqu'un, to • i$
wrapped up with one
AffiJt, sm. frame of a eanncn;
lurking place
Affutage, SOT. set of tools
— , the dressing of an old hat
— , the grinding of tools
— , the mounting of a piece of
ordnance
Affutnr, va. to sharpen; mount
Afin que, c to the end that
— de, in order to
Aga ou Agha, sm. an aga, Turk-
ish officer
Agacant, e. a. enticing
Agare, sf. magpie
Agacement, sm. setting on edge
Agacer, v. to * set on edge; to
entice; ver, provoke
Agacerie, sf. tiuiccment
Agapes, /. pi. love-feasts; agapa
Agaric, .sm. agaric
Agate, .<r/. agate
AgatLs, sm. waste, damage done
in fields
Age, sm. age
Ag6, e. a. aged; old
Agence, sf agency
Agencement, .9wi. arrangement
Agencer, va. to * set in order
S'— , vr. to rig one's self
Agenda, sm. memorandum book
— Le drAle est sur mon agenda,
/ remember that fellow
S'agenouiller, v. to kneel down
Agenoulller, sm. hassock
Agent, sm. agent
AGR
AIG
AIR
— de change, cxchavge broker
Aggravation, — lion; provocatiov
Aggrave, svi. threatening muni-
lory
Aggraver, va. to aggravate
Agile, 2. a. agile, nimble
Agilemcnt, ad. nimbly
Aeilit6, sf. agiltty, nimbleness
Agio, sm. coarse of exchange
Agiotage, stock-jobbing
Agioter, va. to stock-job
Agioteur, sm. stock-jobber
Agir, va. to act; * do; deal; *
have an ivfiutnce; behave; ne-
gotiate; sue
AgissaiU, e a. stirring, efficacious
Agitateur, sm. agitator
Agitation, sf. agitation
Agiter, va. to agitate; move; stir;
disturb; disorder; debate
Agnat, sm. descending from a
collateral male line
Agneau, sm. a lamb
Agnelcr, ra. to yean
Agnclet, sm. l/imbkin
Agnelins, sm. pi. lambs'" skins
prepared
Agnels, sm. pi. ancient French
coin
Agnes, .«/ a young raw girl; a
simpleton
Agnus, sm. a religious toy
Agonie, sf. agony
Agonisant, 5m. a dying man
Agonisant, e. a. dying
Agoniser, vn. to * be at the point
of death
AgralTe, sf. clasp
AgrafFer, va. to clasp
Agraire, 2. a. agrarian
Agrandir, ra. to enlarge; raise
S' — , vr. to * be enlarged, raised,
promoted; to increase
Agrandisscinent, *wi. enlarging;
promotion
Agr6able, sm. what pleases
, 2 a. agreeable
Agr6ablemeiU, ad. pleasantly
Agr6er, v. to allow; accept of;
please, like
un vaisseau, to rig a ship
Agregat, sm. assemblage
AgT6gatii>n, sf. admission
Agreg6, sm. fellow
Agr6ger, va. to aggregate; admit
Agrement, sm. agreeallcncss;
consent
Ag,Ttinenis,—omaments;eharms;
music and dancing in a play
Agres, rigging
Agresser. va. to aggress
Agresseur, sm. aggressor
Agression, sf. — sion; assault
Agrcste, 2. a. agrestic, rustic,
clownish; aciu, sour
Agreeur, sm. rigger of a skip
Agriculture, .<;/. --ture
Agriere, groundrent
S'agritfer, vr. to * cling fast
Agripper, va. to snatch; pilfer
Agrononie, sm. lo iter on agri-
culture, agriculturist
Agrouper,ru. to group figures in
painting
Aguerrir, train vp in war
S' — , vr. to inure one^s self to
Aguets, (eire aux, to * lie in wait
Ah! int. ah! oh! alas!
Allan, sm. trouble; effort
Ahcurt6, e. a. obstinate
Alieurlenienl, sm. obstinacy
S'alreurter, vr. to * be obstinate
Alii, int. oh dear!
Ahunx,va to astonish,hurry:f ret
Aide,s/. aid, help; chapel of ease
Aido,sm. helper
Aider, va. to help; aid
AidPs, sf. subsidies, excise
Aigail, sm. morning dew
Aigayer, va. to bathe, wash
Aiglc, sm. eagle; superior genius
Aiglon, sm. eaglet
Aigre, 2. a. sour; brittle; shrill;
sharp; severe
Aigre, m. sourness
Aigredon, very fine doicn
Aigre-doux, nuce, a. sourish;
quaintly polite
Aigrcfin, a sharpen
Aigrelet, e. a. tart, sourish
Aigrcment, ad. severely [wort
Aigrenioine, sf. agrimony; liver-
Aigret, e. a. sourish
Aiaretlt, e. a. tufttd [thcrs
AiizrctlH, sf. egret; tuft of fea-
Aigreur, sourness; sharpness;
spite, spleen
Aigreurs, pi. heartburning
Aigrir, ra to * make sour; im
tate, incense
S'aigrir, va. to tun} sour; to * be
angry
Aiau, e. a sharp, acute; shrill
Aigiiade, /rf^A irater
Aigueyer, va- to souk, water
Aig,tit'niarine, sf. sort of pre
c/uus stone
Aiguieie, ewer
Aiguieree, ewerfhll
Aiguillo, needle; spire; hand of
a watch
Aiguillee, sf. needle-full
Aiguillcr, sm. needle-maker
Aiguillettc,i/. taggcdpoint; slice
Aigui!letier,ra. to tie 'with points
Aiguillier, sm. needle-case
A iguillon, ^oarf; sting; motive
Aiguilionner, va. to * sting,
drive with a goad; to incite
Aiguiser, to sharpen; whet
Aiguisement, sm. sharpening
Ail, garlic
Aile, 5/. wing; sweep; aisle of a
church; ale
Ail^, e. a. winged
Aileron, sm. fin; small wing; pi-
nion
A\\h\do.,sf. garlic-ragoo,or sauce
Ailleurs, ad. elsewhere.— D'all-
leur?, nthericise, besides
Aimable, 2 a. amiable, lovely;
agreeable
Aiinant, sm. loadstone
Aiinanler, va. to touch with the
loadstone
Aimantin, e. a. magnetic
Aimer, va. to love; like; fancy;
* be fond iif
Ainc, .*/. grain
Aiiic,c. a. cldf St, first-horn
— , sia. cld'r, nlder, senior
A]ti(;c,sf. eldest daughter
.Mnes?e, sf. ehUrskip
Ainsi, fid. so: thus; just so
— que, as; even as' so as
Ajour6, e a. pierced
Ajoiirncment, sm. summons
AiemrncT.ra to.<vvimon; * put off
S'ajourner, vr to adjourn
Aj'iuter, r-rt to add; join
Air, sm. air; vent; wind
— ,sm. manner; carriage; way
— , sm. tune
Aiiain. sm bra.<s
Aire,.*/, area; ii-ind
ALE
ALL
ALO
-, bir» Jluor; lynj [nest of a
bird of pr,y)
Aiiee, a baniJiuorfuUuJ- sheaves
ready to tkrash
Aiicr, oil- to * make one's airy
Airier, mi. to fumigate
A is, sin. board; plank; shelf
Ai.-aMce, sf. ease {iyi manners)
Aisauce, ready money
Aisunces, sf. jj I. privy
Aise, '2. a. glad; joyful
— , sf. ease; content; convenien-
cy; leisure
AiiC, e. a. s. easy; rich
Aisem«ni, sm. prixy; leisure
AisPUifiiit, ad. easily; fredy
Aisseiio, sf. armpit
Aissieu, essieii, axlctree; axis
Aiti-«3, etres, sm. pL rooms of a
AjiistejC. a. fttt-t; joined [house
Ajiisti'fiieiit, S'li. adjusting;
agrr.'iiieut; attire
Ajnstt'inens, comicnirnces
AjiLstiM-, va. to adjust; frame;
trim; Jit; use ill; reconcile;
* take one's aim at; direct
S' — , vr. to prepare one's self;
suit; trim; agree
Aiu'Stoir, sm. coinage-scale
Alaittn", na to suckle
Alanibic, sm limbec; still
8'alanibiquer, vr. to puzzle; re-
fine too much upon
Alan, sm. bound
!\iargner,t'H. to * -Hind off to sea
Aiarino, .of. alarm; fear
Alariner, va. to alirm., fd^hC
S'— , vr. to * be frightcKt
Albatre, s;fl. alaba-t-r '
Albeiv-", sf. early prach
Albian, .sot. a young icild drake
Allircner, va. to * shout at wild
ducks [dam-book
Album, .im. album; memoran-
Alcade, alcaid; .sheriff
Alcaique, 2. a. alcaic
Alcliymie, sf. alchymy
Alcliyiiiyste, sm. alcliymist
Alcoran, alvoran
Alcove, sf. alcove
Alcyou, .v7rt. kiiig's-fishcr
Aklerinrtn, alderman
Altigre, 'i. a. brisk; cheerful
Alegrement, ad. briskly
Al^sresso,^ sf. joy; alacrity
.^rencontre, ad. against; by
Ale lie, sf. an awl
Alenlir, va. to slacken
Aieutour, ad. round about
Aleiitoars, sm. pi. neighbouring
places; intimate friends, in-
Alerion, sm. eaglet [mates
Alerte, 'J. a. alert; brisk; pert
, sf. a. warning of being up-
on one's guard
, ad. be upon your guard
Alen (franc,) sm. freehold
Alexandiin, e. a. aUzandrine
Alexipharmique, "2. a. antidotal
Alt.'zan, s. a sorrel horse
e a. sorrel colour
Algaradc, sf. insult prank
Algehraiqu.H, 2. a. algebraical
Alg(5*re, sf. algebra
Alg6briser, o. to * ipcak, or *
write upon algebra
Algebriste, sm. algchrist ,
Alguazii,— 2/i,cy;(»7.'iiZc in Spain
Algue, sf. s fa- weed
Alibi, sm. alibi, absence
Alibi-forain, pretence, kad excuse
Aliboron, sm. a. conceited fellow
Alidade, cross-staff
Alienablo, 2 a. alienable
Alienation, sf. —tion, aversion
A!ieii6, e. a. insane
Aliener, va. to alienate
Alignement, sm. line; row
Aligner, vr. to lay out by line
Alinioat., sm. a.limcnt; food
Aliniens, /;/.. alimony
Alinientaire, % a. —tary
Albnemer, va. to maintain; feed
Aiinu;uteux, sc. a. nulritive
.â– \linoa, sm. aiinea, paragraph
A linger, va. to furnish linen
S' — , vr. to * bespeak linen
Aliquante, sf aliquant part
Alifiuote, aliquot p'irt
S'aliler, vr. to '^ keep one^s led
Alite, 0. a. bed-riddm
Alizes, (vents) a. trade winds
Alkali, sm. alkaline
Alkalisation, sf. —tion
Alkaliser, va. to alkalise
AlkernieH,.«?7i. (a con) pound drug)
A116chen.ent., sm. allurement;
enticement
Alle.cher, va. to allure; entice
\ All^c, sf. entry; walk
Allegation, quotation
Allege, a. tender; lighter
AiKjgeance, allegiance
Allegenient, sm. alleviation
Alieger, va. to ease; lighten
Allegorie, sf. allegory
Allegorique,^. a. —rical
AUegoriquement, ad. —rically
AUegoriser, va. to allegorize
Allegorisseur, sm. one who is at~
ways allegorizing
Allegorist.c,"sra. allegorist
Allegro, lively, livelily
Alleguer. va. to allege, quote
Alltiuia, sin.vrii.7se t/ie J^ord
Alleiisand. Iht: German tongue,
Allemaikle, sf. allcmandc
A-Uer, va. to * go; walk
Allen, sm. freehold
Alliage, sm. mixture of metals
Alliance, sf. — cc; covenant
Allie, e. s. relation; ally
Aliicr, va. to ally; mix
8' , vr. to match [^c.
Ailier, sm. a net to catch quails,
Alligator, — tor,
AlNibroiie, sm. a clownish man
Allocation, sf. alloicance in an
account
Allocution, — tion
Allodial, e. a. —dial; free
Ailodialite, sf. freehold
Allonge, eking place
Allongenien, sm. lengthening
Allonger, v. to lengthen ; to
stretch; prolong
S'allonger, vr. to * grow longer
Ailnual)li', 2. a. allowable
Allouer, vr. to allow; admit
Alloue, .s-7/i. a journeyman
Alliuuer, va. to light; kindle
8' — , vr. to be kindled
Al'uniette, sf. a match
Alliuneur, sm. the snuffer
Allure, sf. gate; pace; way of
dciliiig
AUubion, — sion; quibble; jmn
Alluvion, —i^ion
Alniageste,sH/.aZ(noo'cs<, or a col-
lection of astronomical obser-
vations
Alrnanach, sm. almanack
Alniandine, s/. sort of ruby
Aloes, sm. aloes
Alot'iique, 2. a. aloetic bitter
3
AMA
AME
AMI
Aloi, sm. alloy; value
Alors, ad. at that time, then
Alose, sf. a shad
Alouette, a lark
Alourdir, va. to stupify, stun
AJoyage, sm. allaying; mixture
AloyaU (de boeuf,) sirloin
Alphabet, sm. alphabet
Alphab^tique, 2. a. — betical
Alphab6tiquement, ad. — cally
Alpiste, sm. canary-seed
.\Jt6rable, 2. a changeable
Alterant, e. a. that causes thirst
Alt6ratif, ve. a. alterative
Alteration, sf. —tion; adultera-
tion; excessive thirst; pervert-
Altercation, contest [ing
Alt6re,e. a. thirsty; adulterated;
altered. — Un tigre alt6r6 de
sang, ii blood-thirsty man
Alterer, vu. to cause thirst; dis-
order; alter; adulterate
Alternatif, ve. a. alternate
Alternative, sf. —ive, clioice
Altemativemeiit, ad. —nately
Alteme, 2. a. alternate
Altosse, .'•/. highness
AUier, e. haughty; lofty
Altiereraent, ad. haughtily
Altira6trie, sf. altimetry
Alv6ole, sm. cell, tooth socket
Alum, alum
Alumelle, sf. blade of a knife
Alumiere, j/. alum-mme
Alumineux, se. a, aluminous
Amabilit6,s/. — lity, amiabltncss
Amadis, sm. frill, ruffle
Amadou, sm. tindrr
Amadouement, fondling
Amadouer, va to fondle, coax
AniadoTieur, sm. coaxrr
.\maigri, e. a. emaciated
-Amaigrir. va. to * make lean
— , vn. to * grow lean,* fall away
Amn\grissement,sm.fallingaway
Amalgamation, sf. — tion
Amalgame, sm. —gama
Amalgamer, va. to amalgamate,
unite
Amande, almond; kernel; also
a piece of crystal cat in the
form of an almond
Araandier, sm. almond-tree
Amrint, lover; suitor
Amantc, sf. sweetheart
Amaraate, amaranthus
Amanner, va.to*scjidsailors,>S-c.
to replace those of a taken ship
Amarque, sf. sea-mark
Amarrage, sm. anchorage
Amarrc, sf. a rope; a fast
Amarrer, va.* to inakefast,moor
Amarres, sf. pi. checks, or side
posts of a wind-beam or crane
Amas, SOT. heap; pile
Amassement, heaping up
Amasser, va. to heap up; * lay
up; gather, collect
S'amasser, va. to gather
Amassette, sf. painter's knife
AmasbCur, so. s. heapcr up
Amateloter, va. to dicidp the com-
pany of a ship
Amateur, sm- virtuoso, lover
Amatir, va. to unpolish metals
An\azone,sf.amazon;boldwoman
Ambages, sf. pi. preamble, cir-
cumlocution
Ambassade, 5/. embassy
Anibassadeur, sm. amhcLSsador
Arabassadrice, ><;/ ambassadress
Amhescis, sm. ambsace
Ambient, e. a. ambient
Ambidextre, 2. a. —dexter
Ambigu, e. a. ambiguous
— , sm. medl'.y
— , a game at ca^ds
.Aiubiguiie, .s/. ambiguity
Ambigunienl, a-l. —guoiisly
.\mbitieuiemeiit, — tiously
.•\mbitifux se a- ambitious
.â– Vnibii.ion, sf. amhition
Ainbitioiiiier, va. to affect; to
* be ambitious
.Amble, sm. amble
.Ambler, va. to amble
Amb!eur,s//i. officer if the king's
stables
Ambre, amber
Ambre gris, awhergHs
Ambrer, vi. to perfume
Anibroisie sf. ambrosia; deli-
cious eating or drinking; oak
of Jerus dim
.Arabroisier., ne. a. ambrosian
Ambulant. e.a ambulatory, strol
ling
— , sm. exciseman
Amliula'oi e, 2. a. —latory
Ame sf. sjTxli spirit (
[ — , middle part of a faggH
Am6, e. a. well-beloved
Amelioration, sf. improvement
Ameiiorer, va. to improve
Ameliorissemeiit, sm. improve*
mcnt
Amen, Amen; so be it
Amenage, carriage
Amendable, 2. a. finable; mend-
able
Amende, sf. a fine
Amendement, sm. bettering
Amender, va. to fine; mend; *
fall in price
Aniener, va. to * bring; * strike,
lower; reduce; cause
Am^nit^, sf. pleas antncss—Am^'
nit6 de caractere, sweetness of
temper.— Amdn'ite de style,
flowery style
Amenuiser, va. to * make thin
Araer, e. a. bitter
— , sm. bitterness; the gall of
beasts
Amerement, ad. bitterly
Aniertume, sf. bittirness
Amesurement, sm. appraising
Amesurer, va. to appraise
Am6te,e. a. limited, bounded
,Am6thysle, 5/. amethyst
Ameublcraent, sm. furniture
Ameubler, v. vid. Meubler
Ameublir,ca. to * make moveabU.
Ameublissement, sm. the making
moveable
Ameuloner, va. to heap up
A*ieutemcnt, sm. mob; coupling
hounds
Ameuter, va. to couple hounds;
to stir up; maintain a good
understanding amorg 9 body
of soldiers
S'ameuter, vr. to conspire
.Amfigouri, Amphigouri, sm. a
burlesque discourse
Ami, friend; siccithrart
Ami, e. a. friendly: courteous
Amiable, 2. a. friendly, amicable
A I'amiable, in a friendly vay
Amiablemeiit, ad. kindly
Amiante, sf. amianthus
Amical, e. a. courteous, amieabU
Amicalement, ad. lovivghf
Amict, sm. amice; ^riciti's $A««I>
AMO
ANA
AND
\in}don, sm. starch
Amidonner,v a to starch; powder
Amidonnier, sm starchman
Atnie, .?/. friend; mistress
Amignarder,va to fondle; caress
Amignoter, to fondle; cocker
Amincir, to * make thin
Amineur, sm. salt-meter
Amiral, admiral
Ainirale, sf. admiral's ship; ad-
miral's wife
Amirante, sm. amir ant; Spanish
admiral
Amiraut6, sf. admiralty
Amissibilit6, — bility
Omissible, 2. a. admissible
Amiti6, sf. friendship; love; fa-
vour; sympathy; pleasure,
mellowness of cloth
Amities, compliments,
Amman, s>n. a title of honour in
Switzerland
Ammon, come, d'amraon, /. a
kind of spiral shell
Ammoniac, sm. g^um ammoniac
Amnistio, sf. amnesty
Amoindrir, va. to lessen; abate
Amoindrissement, sm. decrease
Amoins de, c. under; except
Amoinsque, unless
Amollir, va. to soften; molHfy
S'amoUir, vr. to * grow effemi-
nate; * (trow soft; * he moved
Amolissement, sm. softening;
effeminacy
Amonceler, va to heap up
Amont, ad- up the river
Amorce, sf. bait; prime; decoy
Amercer, va. to bait; allure;
prime
Amorcoir, sm. an auger
Amortir, va. quench; redeem;
allay; * put out; fade; deaden;
weaken
S* — ^ ^j. to grow weak; abate
Amortissable, 2. a. redtema'de
Amortissement, sm. redeem;
mortmiin; finishing; abating
AmovihUit6, sf removing; mov-
ing away
Amovibile, 2. a removable
Amonr, sm- lone; passion
Amour propre, self-love
Amours, sm. pi sports; smiles;
graces
Amours, .?/. pi. a mistress
S'amrt^iracher, vr. to* be smitten
in love
Amourette, sf. intrigue
Amoureusement, ad amorously
Amoureux, se. a. in love with
Amourcux, sm. a lover, wooer
Amphibie, 2. a. — bious; neuter.
— Get homme est un amphi-
bie, that man i? always of
every body's opinion
Ampliibologie, sf. —logy
Amphibologique, 2. a. —gical
Amphibologiquemenl, ad. am-
phibologically
Amphigouri, sm. nonsense
Amphigourique, a. obscure, af-
fected
Amphisciens, sm. — scians
Amphitheatre, theatre; first
gallery
ATnphore,sf. a measure of liquids
Ample, 2. a. large; wide; diffuse
Amplement, ad. fully, amply
Ampleur, sf. amplitude; fulness
Ampliatif, ve. a. ampliating
Ampliation, sf. duplicate
Amplier, va. to prolong; to re-
spite
Amplificateur, sm. romancer;
artful pleader
Amplification, sf. —tion
Amplifier, va. to amplify
Amplitude, sf. -de, extent
Ampoulle, bubble; blister; vial
Ampoull6, e. a. high-flown
Amputation, sf. —tion
Amputer, va. to * cut of
Amulette, sf. amulet; charm
Amurer, va. to stretch a cable
Amusant, e. a. amusing
Amusement, sm. — ment; delay;
toy
Amuser, va. to amuse
A musette, sf. trifling amusement
Ameuseur, .^m seducer
Amusoire, sf. amusing trifle
Amygdales, kernels in the neck;
tonsils
An, sm year
Anabaptisme, —«»•?;«
Anabaptiste, ^^rist
AnachorAte, a.iachoret
Anachroriisme, —nisra
Anacreontique, 2. q, —tic
Anagogie, s/. mystery
Anagogique, 2. a. mystical
Anagrammatiser, va. to tranS'
pose letters
Anagrammatiste, sm. maker of
anagrams
Anagramme, sf. anagram
Analectes, sm. pi. analects; *
chosen fragments of an author
Anaiemme, sm. analemma
Analeptique, 2. a. analeptis ;
comforting
Analogic, sf. analogy
Analogique, 2. a. — gical
Analogiquement, ad — cally
Analogisme, sm. — gism
Analogue, 2 a. analogous
Analyse, sf. analysis
Analyser, va. to analyse
Analyste, sm. an analyst
Analytique, 2. a. —tical
Avialytiquement, ad. — cally
Ananas, sm. ananas; pineapple
Anarchic, sf. anarchy
Anarcliique, 2. a. anarchic
Anath6matiser, va. to anathema'
tize
Anatheme, 5/. —ma; person ex-
communicated
Anatomic, sf. — my
Anatomique, a. — cal
Anatomiquement, ad. —mically
Anatomiscr, va. to — mize
Anatomiste, sm. — mist
Ancfitres, sm. pi. ancestors
Anchois, sm. anchovy
Ancien, ne. a. old; late; ancestor
Ancien, sm. elder; senior
Anciennement, ad. anciently
Anciennet6, sf. ancientness; 90-
niority
Anciles, sm. pi. sacred shields
Ancrage, sm. anchorage
A ncre, sf anchor, iron brace
Anrr6. e. a. anchored; ankerdOT
ancree (in heraldry)
Ancrer, vn. to anchor
S'ancror, vr. to settle
Ancrure .9/. a little plait or fold
in cloih
Andant6, moderately
Andouillo. sf hog's pudding
— de tabac, roll of tobacco
Andoulllers, sm deer's antlers
Andouillctte, sf. forced mec^
10
AM
ANT
ANT
Androgyne, sm. — gynus
AndroiiJe, 5.71 automaton
Aiift, sm. ass: idiot
Arieaiiiir, vi. to annihil ite
S' — ,ti humble one's selJ\to*come
to nothinr [tion
Aneantissement, sm. anniMla-
Aneedotes, .«/. pi anecdotes
Anee, sf the load of an ass
Anemosraphie, — ptiy
An6moinnre, sm. — meter
An6raoin3trie, sf. — try
Anemone, sf unemony, wind-
Jloiar
Anerie, sf. irross ignorance
Anesse, a she-iss
Anet, sm. anise, dill
Anfractueux, euse, a. uneven,
winding-
Angar, sm. shed
Ange, angel; chain-shot
Angeliqae, -2. a. angelical
Angftliqne, sf. angelica
Ang61iqiieinent, ad. — cally
Angelot, sm. a sort of ..\'orman
cheese; ancient coin
Angelus, ^oe Maria
Angle, angle
Anglican, 'e. a. anglican; of
England
Angtici.^m'^, sm nnglicism
Angloif!. Rngltfthmin
Angloi3, e. a. English
Angoisse. sf aacruish, pang
Angon, sm javelin of th^ ff luls
Angnichiire, «/ hunls nan's belt
Angiiillade, lishing
Anguille, "el
Angiiilli -re, ai eel-pond
An^'ilaire, l. a. angulir
An!|ule't\', sr;. a a'tgalous .
An!i'i-«ti'^, ft. a. narrjio
Anicrovha, sf. hini rdnce, sub-
terfige
Anier, s-n- ass-drincr
Anil, anil: imigo-pl int
Anunilvprsion .«/. —ton; check
Ariinn!, sn. animal, brute
, e a ani ml; sensual; ssn-
siblc: hhck/ieal
Animalcule, s 71 — cule
AnimaMt6, sf. —Uty
Ani:na?inn, —tinn
Aniin6, e a animated; brisk
Animer, va. anin.ite; enlioan
S' , vr. to * be angry
Aniinosite, sf animosity, spite
Ani5, sn. anist; aniseed; sugar-
ed aniseed
Annal, e. a. annual
Annales, sf. pi. annals
Annaliste, sm. annalist
Annate, sf. annals
Anneau, .?OT. ring, boa; curl
Annee, sf. year
bissextile, leap-year
Anncler, va. to curl; to * ring
Annelel, sm. little ring; annulet
Annelure, sf curling
Annexe, anncz; chapel of ease
Anaexer, va. to annex; unite
Annexion, sf. annezment
Annihilation, — tion
Annihiler, va to annihilate
Anniversaire, a. s. — sary
Annonce, sf banns of niitrimo-
ny; notice of a play
Annoncer, va. to * make known;
* gave out
Annonciade, sf. annonciada
Annonciation, annunciation
Annonciateur, sm. procluimer
Annotateur, annotator
Annotation, sf. — tion, inventory
Aunoter, va. to * takp an inven-
tory; * make remarks
Annuel, e. a. annual, yearly
Annnellement, al. annually
Annuite, sf. annuity, set pay-
ment for life
Annnlaire, 2. a. {doigt) ring-
fin/cr
Annul alien, sf. — tion
Annuler, va to annul; di.sannul
Anohlir, va to enno'jle
Anob'is-seiniitit, sm. ennobling
Anodin, e. a. n.io lyne
Anonial, c. a. anomalous
Anomalia, sf. irregularity
Anon, sm a.is-colt
Anonn^r, vn. to hesitate, to *
read clownishly
Anonym:;, '2. a- —mous
-, sm — mous author
Anse, sf. hanile; ear; creek
Anseatifiues, 2. (ville.s) hansn-
towns
Anspe-sade, sm. l.incepesado ;
I under corporal
' Antagoniate, antagonist
Antarctique, 2. a. antarctic
Aiitecedemment, a I —dently
Antecedent, e a. foreg-oi^^g
Anlece<'ent, s.n. antece Itnt
Antecesseur, predecessor
Antechrist, antichrist
Aiitecians, s:n. pi. antinci
Antenne, sf. sail yard
Antennes, pi. horns of hnttct
flies, &c.
Antepenultiemf?, a. s. —ti>nj
the lust but two
Antei ieur, e. a. foremost
Anterieurement, ad. bnforj
Anteriorit«, sf. priority
Antliologie, — logy
Antliropologie, —logy
AnihroiK)niorphite, sm. attribut-
ing a human form to God
Aniliropopathie, — pathy
Antliropopiiages, sm. pi. men
eaters
Antliropophagie, sf. -^phagy
Anticlianibre, —chamber
Antichrese, antichresis
Antichretien, ne. o. —christian •
Antichristianisme, .<tm. — nism
Anticipation, sf. — tion
Anticiper,ua. to anticipate^fore- â–
stall
Anticiper snr, to usurp, invade
Antidate, sf. antedate
AntidatPr, va. to antedate
Antidote, sm. antidote
Antldoter, va to mix with anti-
dote
Anticnii", sf. anthem
Antilogio, antilogy
Antimoins. sm. antimony
Antimonaicliique, -i. a. —chical
Antinioiiial, e. a. — nial-
Antinomie, sf. — my
Antinoinien, ne. s. — miin
Anlipaps, S'n. antip.ipe
Antiparalytiqne, 2. a. 3. —lis
Antipailiie, sf —pathy
^nripathi'iuft, 2. a. averse
Antip6ristasfi. sf. —Lasis
Antipestilentiel, le. a. —tial
Antipfione, sf. antiphone
Antiphonaire, Anliplionier, anti
p'l ofre, book of anthems
Antiphrase, sf. —pkra.^e
An'ipodal, e. a. ~dal
Antipodes, sm. pi. — podes
APL
APP
APP
11
A.nt\pode^contrary, contradiction
Antiptose, sf. antiptosis
Antipyrotiques, asm.pl. remedy
good for a burning
Antiquaille, >/. an antique
Anticiuailles, pi. old rubbish
Antiquaire, sm. —quary
Antiquariat,(Ae knowledge of an-
tiques and antiquities
Antique, a. s. antique; ancient
Antiquire, s/. antiquity
Amisciens, sm.pl. .fintiscii
Antiscoibutique, 2. a. —tical
Antisliophe, sf. —phe
Antithese, sf. —thesis
Antitriniiaires, sm. unitarians
Antitype, sn. antitype; figure
Antiven(5rit'!i, a sm. — nereal
Aniiv6ro!ique. 2 a. good against
the small-pox
Antre, sm. den; cave; cavern
S'anniiiter, vr. to be * benighted
Anus, sm. anu.'i, fundament
Anxiety, 5/. anxiety., anguish
\oriste, sm aorist
Aout, sm. August; harvest
Ac)Ut6, e. a. ripen: d by the sun
Aofiteron, sm. h.arvcst-:nan
Apaaage, appanage; appendix
Apanager, oa. to settle on
Apanagiste, sm. a prince whi
enjoys an appanage
Apanthropie,.-/..-!;* art//; ropii, i.e
aversion forths company tfmen
Aparte, sui. an aside
Apathie, sf. apathy
Apathique,2. a. apathie, insensi-
ble
Apathiste, sm. void of feeling, a
selfish man
Ap6deute, S7/1. en illiterate man
Ai>ercevoir, va. to perceiv.
Apercu, sm. note, ohservation
Ap<^ritif,va. a. apcritine. opening
Apertfimont, nd. aprrtly
A-peu-pr<'!S, ad- nearly, almost
Aph^lie, sm. apheii.nn
Aphorisme, sm aphorism
Aphoristique, 2. a. aphmistic
Aphronitre, sm. snll-pptre
Api, drlir.ate sort of apple; also
small'ige
A[)itoyer, va. to moi^e, npct
Aplaner, 117? to nap cloth
Aplau'jur, .-in. he who naps cloth
Aplanir, va. to level; clear
Aplanissenient, sm. levrlling
Aplomb, ad. perpendicularly
Apocalypse, sf. apocalypse
Apocaliptique, 2. a.— tic
Apocope, sf. a final elision
Apocryphe, 2. a. apocryphal
Apocliryphes, sm. pi. apocrypha
Apodictique, 2. a. —ctical, de-
monstrative
Apogee, sm. apogceum; height
Apograplie, —phum; copy
Apologetique, 2. a. sm.— tical
Apologic, sf. apology
Apologiste, sm. apologist
Apologue, apologue, fable
Apopluliegme, —thcgm
Apoplectique, 2. a apoplectic
Apoplexie, sf. apoplexy
Apostasie, npo.-tacy
Apostasier, va. to apostatize
A postal, sm. apostate
x^L poster, va. to suborn; appoint
Apostheine, sm. swelling; impos-
thume
Aposthume, sf. aposthume; im-
posthume, abscess
Aoosthunier, vn. suppurate
A postille, sf. postscript, margin-
al note
Apostiller, va. to * write margin-
al notes
Apostr)lat, sm. apostlrship
•\postoli(iue, 2. a. apostolic
A rapostoliqne, ad holily
ApostoliciuoiiK'iit, ad. —lically
Apostrophe, sf. apostrophe
Apostroplier, va. to * speak to;
* cut off a vowel
Apotlxiose, sf. apotheosis
Apotli6oser, va. deify a man
Apothiraire, sm.. apothecary
Apoihicairerie, .'./. apothecary's
shop or business
Apothicairesso, the apothecary in
a nunnery
A[»otie, .sm. an apostle
Apozeme, sm. apozem
Appaiser, va. to appease; quiet,
pacify
.\pparat, .tm. preparation; com-
mmtnry
Appavaux, sm. pi. all appurte-
vivc-s of a ship
Appuniil. sm pre jar ationi Ian-
da ge;c.quipage; height or thick
ncss of a stone in the quarry
Appareiiler, va. to march; * get
ready
Appareilleur, sm. a marker of
stones to be cut
Apparemnient, ad. rcntly,
likely
Apparence, sf. appearance; sign
Apparent, e. a. — rent: eminent
Apparente, e. a. related
S'apparenter, r?-. to marry into
S'apparesser, vr. to * grow lazy
Apparier, to pair, match, sort
S' , vr. to couple
Appariteur, sm. — tor; beadle
Appaiition, sf. — tion; vision
Apparoir, vn. to appear
Apparojtre, to appear
S' , vr. to * show one's self
Appartenient, sm. apartment;
drawing-room
Appartenance, .</. appurtenance
Appartenant, e. a. belonging
Appartenir, vn. to belong to; to
* become
Appas, sm. charms, attractive.^
Afipfit, bait; allurtmr.nt
Ajjpater, to allure, to * feed in
fant3, birds, <SiC.
Appauvrir, to impoverish
S' , vr. to * groio p:or
Appauvrissenieiit, sm. impovcr
ishmcnt; d^cay
Appeau, bird-call; quailpipc;
decoy-bird
Appel, appeal; call, chnllcnge
Appelant, e. a. s. appiuling; de
coy-bird
Appellatif, ve. a. app.Uative
Appellation, sf. appial
Appeller, ur/.. to C'lLl: appeal
S' , vr. to * be called
Appendice, sm. appendix, adden-
da
Appendre, tja. to append
Appontis, sv). a shed
A pperci'vable, 2. a perceivable
Appc.«antir, va. (o * make heavy
or dull
S' — , vr. to * be made heavy; to
* groic dull
Appesantissenient.sm. Arnujnfs*
Appetence, sf. apptcmy
App6ler, va. to covet
12
APP
APR
ARB
AppJtibilite, sf. — Uty
Appjtible, '2. a. desirable
Appetis, stn. small onions
Appetissaiit, e. a. relishing
Appetissemiint, sm. diminiUion
Appetisser, vx. to diminish; Iss-
Sfti; * shrink
Appetit, sin. appetite; desire
Appi^tiiif, ve. a. —live
Appetiti«;>, sf. — tion, desire
Appieceiiieiit, sm. piecing
Appiecer, vn. to piece
S'appietrir, vr. to fade
Applaiier, pa. to raise the wool
tcit'i bristly cards
Applaaeur, sm. wool-carder
Applauir, ca. to smooth
Applanissement, sm. smoothing
Applanisseur, se. s. a polisher
Applatir,oa. to flatten; beat down
Applatisseraeat, sni. flattening
Applaudir, va. to applaud
Applaudissement, sm. applause
Applaudissaur, commender
AppliL'enient, bailing
AppI ;ger, va, to bail
Applicable, 2. a. applicable
Application, sf. — tion; study
Applique, inlaying
Appliquer, v i. to apply; set;
* put; * lay; give, bestow;
* stick up
Appoint, sm. odd money
Appointeriienl, allowance, decree
A\}p'Wiler,va.to *give allowance
Appoinieur, sm. partial Jud<re
\\)\xirt, mtrkct; country wake
Ap;v.»rta<;p, c irrii.ge
App:)rtiir, 0(1. to * bring; convey;
ctuse; use; raise; start
.•\pp(»ser, to put to or in; * set
.•\pp )sitioii, sf. — tion; putting
Appreci;i»eur, sm. appraiser
.AppniciiUi )!1, sf. appraising
.\',y,n(icitr, oi appraise; rate
A;>i)ri;!i.;Ti hr, to apprehend; fear
A|ip'eIii-'\-ir, ve a. fearful
Apprenrt't;, va. to learn; hear;
i.ifor n, discocer
.\p;)renti, e. s apprentice; novice
App'enti3-!a2;e, sm. apprentice-
ship: trial
ApprSt, prepxrition; painting
on glts.^: dressing of food;
ttiffmng
Appr^ter, va. to prepare; dress
Appreteur, sm. painter on glass
Apprivoi.semeiU, taming
Apprivoiser, oa. to tame; to ac-
custom
S' — , to * grow tame
Appreiiension, sf. —sion; fear
Approbateur, sm. approver; ap-
plauder
Approbatif, ve. a. approving
Approbation, sf. —tion
Approbatrice, approver
Approchaiit, H 2. a. something
like
Approchant, ad. about
— , de. pr. near about
Approciie, sf. approach
.A.pproci]er, va. to approach; *
draw near
Approfondir, to * malie deeper;
to search into
Approt'oudisscment, sm. jnuking
deeper; investigation
Appropriance, sf. tJie act of tak-
ing possession
.Appropriation, — tion
Approprier, va- to appropriate;
to adapt; to fit up
Approvisionneineat, sm. supply
of provisions
Approvisiouaer, va. to supply
with provisions; provide
Approvisionneur, s:n. procidfr
Approuver, va. to approve; to
like; to allow; con.'seut
Appro.vimati >?i, sf. —tion
Appui, sm. support; prop; stay;
help; lief end sr
Appui-main, sm. miul.^tick
Appuyer, vi. to support; * prop;
protect, keep up
— , vn. to press or dwell upon
S' — , vn. to rely: lean; re.st
.\pre, -2. a. rough; ea^er; hard
Apreinent, ad. harshly; sharply
Apres, pr. ad. after, next to
Apres coup, too late
Apres quoi, ad. after that; af-
terwards
Apres que, c. when, after [roio
Apres-demain, ad. after to-nior-
.\pres-din6e, sf. afternoon
Apr^s-midi, afternoon
Aprete, roughness; sharpness;
eq.gemes$
Apte, 2. a. apt, fit
.Aptitude, sf. aptness
Apuremeut, sm. cleanness; seU
tling
Aj)urer, va. to cleanse; settle
Aquatile, 2. a- aquatic
Aquatique, 2. a. aquatic;ioatenf
.\queduc, sm. aqueduct
.Aqueu.x, se. a. waterish; watery
Aqailin, e. hawked
Aquiloa, sm. north-wind
Aquilonaire, 2. a. northerly
\rabe, sm. griping usurer; Ara-
bian; Arabic
.Arabesques, sf. pi. arabesks;
whimsical ornamentsi^in paint-
. ing)
Arabesse, sf. Arabian woman
Arabique, Arabesque 2.a.Arabia
Arable, 2. a. arable
Arac, sm. arrack
Araigaee, sf. spider; web
Arainber, va. to grapple
Arang, sm. a lazy printer
A rase meat, equal height
.\raser, vi to level, flatten
Araioi re,a. belonging to husban
dry [stajf
.•\rbal6te, cross-bow; Jacob's
.Arbalete a jaie', stone-bow
.Arbalfiter, va. to shore up; * sta}
Arbaletrier, sm. cross-bow-man
.Arbaletriers,.*7n pi. pieces of tim-
ber that * bear up the rafteri
of a roof
.Arbitrage, arbitrage; reference
Arbitrairo, 2. a. arbitrary; ab
solute
.Arbitrairenient, ad. arbitrarily
Arbitral, e a. (sentence) sf. awari
.Arhitralemeat, ad. by way of ar
titration
Arbitrateur, sm. — tor
.Arbitration, sf. estimation; priz
ing
.Arbitre, (libre,) sm. free-will;
arbiter
.Arhitrer, va. to arbitrate; order
.Arborer, to hoist; * set up
.Arboris6, a. leaved, tufted
.Arbousier, sm. strawberry tret
.Arbre, a tree; beam; mast
.Arbre de Diane, chymical tree
.Arbrisseau, shrub; small tret
.Arbqste, s^rub; bu^h
ARD
ARl
ARM
13
Arc, a how; arch; section
Arc-en-ciel, rainbow
Arcade, sf. vault; arch; arcade
Arc,nne,Arcanum,s in. particular
secret of a quack
Arcboutant, sm. buttress; ring-
leader
Arcbouter, va. to * prop; support
Arceau, sm. arch, key
Archal, brass loire
Archange, archangel
Arclie, sf. arch; ark
Arch6e, sm. vital
Archelet, sm. little bow
Archer, an archer; a bowman
Archere, sf. a bow-iooman
\rchei,sm. fiddlestick ;bn id: hoop
\rclietypo, archetype; jnndel
Archevech'i, archbishuprick;
archbishop's palace
Archeveqtie, archbishop
Arcliidiaconat, archdcaconship
Arcljidiacoiie, archdeaconry
Archidiacre, archdeacon
Archidue, archduke
Arcliidiich6, archlukelom
Archiducliesse, sf. archdutcness
^rchi6piscopal, e. a. —pil
Archicpiscopat, sm. an archbi-
shop's dignity
'Vrchi pedant, errant pedant
Archipol, — ;>eligo
Vrchipr^tre, sni archnricst
\rcbipretre, arrhpHesthood
Archit«ct«, architect
Arcliitf'Cturo, sf. — tare; fabric-
buUliag
Arcliilrave, sm. — travn
A rchives,*/. pi. archivs; records
Arciuvi3te, sm. keeper of the re-
cords
Arcliivolte, archiimult
Arrhonte, arrhon, or chief ma-
gistratein thn Greek republics
Ar^on, saddle-bow
Arctiqiie, 2. a. arctic
\rct'mm, sm..<iort ofprtty mullein
Ai-cture, sm. Charles's wain
Ard6Iion, sm. a cringino- rascal
Ardemment, ad. ardently
A 'den3, sm. pi- St. .finihony's fire
A'derit, e. a. ardent; burning;
Jager; violent; red; fiery
A dent, sni. jahk-a-lani.ern
A> deiir, sf. ardour; heat; zeal
Ardillon, sm. tongue of a buckle
Ardoise, sf. slate
Ardois6, e. a- of a slate colour
Ardoisiere, sf. slate quarry
Ardre, va. to * burn; consume
Ardu, e. a- arduous, hard
Are, sm. fourteen square yards
English
Arene, sf. sand, gravel; arena,
amphitheatre
Arener, vn. to * sink under
Aieneux, se. a. sandy
Areole, sf. circle of a pap
Areometre, sm. areometer
Ar6opa!|e, Jireopagus
Areopagite, — gite
Arer, va. to drag the anchor
Arete, sf. fish-bone; edge; ridge
Argemone, sf. thorny poppy
Argent, sm. silver; jnoney; ar
gent
— vif, quicksilver
— nionnoy6, coin
— blanc, silver coin
Argent coinptant, ready money
Argent^, e. a of a silver colour
Argenter, va. to silver over
Argenterie, sf. plate
Argeiiteux, se. a. monied
Argentier, sm. silversmith; house
steward; purser
Argeiitifiqiie, 2. a. —tific, that
which makes .silver
Argeritin, e. a. silver coloured
, of clear sound
Argentine, sf. silver-weed
Argeiiture, .5/. silver plating
Argile, white r.lay
Argileux, se. a. clayey
Ar;wt, sm. dead bough; stub;
cant, gibberish
Arg:>ter, 7;a. to * cut the stub of
a tree above the ci/e
Argousin, sm.. sr.dley-sergeant
Argue, sf. loire-dra'cinrr
Arguer, va. to * wire-draw
Argaer, to argue; reprove
Argument, sm. argummt
Argumcntant, disputant
Arguineiitateur, arguer
Argumentation, .*/. arguing
Argumenter, vn. to argue
Argus, sm. ./Irgus, spy
Argutie, .s/. quirk, cavil
Arianisme, sm.—nism
Aride, 2. a. arid, barren
Aridity, sf. — ty, barrennes
Arien, ne. a. s. anjirian
Aries, b6lier, sm. Aries, ram
Ariette, sf. — ta; tune
Ariser, va. to lower (a sea term)
Aristarque, sm. a critic
Aristocrate, sm. —crat; enslaver
Aristocratie, sf. — cracy
Aristocratique, 2. a. —tieal
Aris!ocratiquement, ad. — call
Aristod6mocratie, sf. — cracy
Aristodeinocratique,2. a. artsto-
democratical
Arithm6ticien, sm. —dan
ArithiTK^ftique, sf — m,etic
Arithm6tique, 2 a. — tical
Arithmetiquement, ad. — cally
Arlequin, sm. buffoon, merry-an
drew
Arlequinade, sf. buffoonery
Armadille, little Spanish armcf
da, a light frigate
Arinateur, sm. privateer
Anne, sf. arm; weapon; ar-
mour, coat of arms
Armes blanches, bayonets
Anne a feu, afire-arm; gun
Arme de trait, a bow, cross-bow
Aririi^e, sf army; host
Arineline, ermine
Armement sm. armament; fit-
ting out a ship
Armenien, ne. a. s. Armenian
Arin6nienne, sf. a. bluish stone
Ariner, va. to arm; to fit; * bend;
cock
S'arnier, vr. to arm one's self;
fortify; defend
Armet, sm. helmet; head
Armillaire, 2. (sphere) hollow
sphere
Armilles, sf. pi. mouldings of a
doric column
Arminianisme, sm. —nism
Arininien, ne. a. s. —nian
Armistice, sm. —tice; truce
Armoire, sf. cupboard; presa
Armoiries, pi. coat of arms
Armoise, mmrwort; mnthwort
Armoisin, sm. sort of taffeta
Armorial, book of armory
Armorier, va. to paint coats of
arms
Armorique, 2. a. maritime
It
Aim
ARS
ASP
Arino'.isto, SH. arm)ri^t; herald;
blazoticr
Arinure, sf. armour
.\rimin(ir,s m armorer; gunsrnith
Aromates,sm./7Z. arom.atics; per-
fume
Aromatiqtie, 2. o. aromatic
Aromatisatioii, sf.—tion
Arosnali^er, va. to perfume
Aroniatite, s/. a precious stoney
like myrrh
Aipailleur, sm. gold finder
Aipent, French acre
Arpentage, I'lnl-surveij
Arpeiiter, va. to survey land; run
Arpeiueur, sm. surveyor
Arque, e. a. arched; bent
Arqiiebusade, sf. — sadc
Arquebuse, arquebuse
Arquebuser, vn. to * shoot
Arquebuserie, sf. trade of a gun-
smith [smith
Arqiiebiisier, sm. —sier; gun-
Arqiier, vn. to * bend
Arrachement, sm. pulling out
Arracher, va. to pull, to * draw,
* pick, * pluck out, or up
Arracheur de dents, sm. tooth-
drawer; dentist
— de cors, a corn-cutter
Arraisoiirier, v. to arguethecase
Arranweiiient, sm. scheme; dis-
posal; contrivance
Arranger, va. to * set ?n order
Arras, .9;H a sort nf large parrot
Arrasement, levelling
Anaser, va. to level
Arrentemont, sm. renting out
Arrenter, va. to * let out; rent
Arreragcs, sm. arrrars
Arreragcr, wrt. to * be in arrears
ArrCt, sin. decree; arrest; dis'
training; rest; stay; set; stop
Arrfite, rcsnlution
— de coniple, a settled account
ArrMor, va.to * stop; balance;
dct-^nninc; arrest
S'arrfeter, vr. to * stop; * stay; *
be at a stand; tarry; * forbear
Arrfttiste, sm compiler of decrees
Arrhe, sf. earnest, pledge, money
advanced
Arrhement, sm. the bailing, or
giving security
An her, va. to * give earnest
Arriere, ad. away
Arriiire de, pr. far from
Arriere, sm. stern, abaft
Arriere-ban, arrierban
A rrie re-boutique, sf. back-shop
Arriere-cliange, sm. interest up-
on interest
Arriere-cour, sf. back-yard
Arriere-faix, sm. after birth
Arriere-fermicr, under-tenant
Arriere-fief, mesne-fee
Arriere-garde, sf. the rear of an
army
Arriere-main, sm. back of the
hand; back-stroke
Aniere-neveu, 5ore of a grand-
child, or mp'iew
Arriere petite fille, sf. a great-
grand -daughter
Arriere petit fils, sm. great-
grandson
A.Tr\ere-Y)o\nt,wristband-stitchcs
Arriere-saison, sf. latter end of
autumn; old age
Arriere-vassal, sm. under-tenant
Arrier6, e. a. in arrears
Arrit^rer, va. to * throw behind
hand
S'arrierer, vr. to * be in arrears
Arrimage, sm. stowage
Arrimer, va. to stoio
Arriineur, sm. stoiccr
Arriser, va. to lower {the sails of
a ship)
Arrivage, sm. arrival of goods
Arrivee, sf. arrival; coming
Arriver, vn. to arrive; * come;
* come to pass, happen, befall,
* fall out, chance
Arrogamment, ad. proudly,
haughtily
Arroaance, sf. arrogance; pride
Arrogant, e. a. arrogant,haugh
t>J
S'arroscr, vn. arrogate, claim
Arrondir, vr. to * make round
* give a good turn
S'arrondir, vr. to * grow round
Arrondissement, sm. rounding
Arrosage, watering
Arrosement, watering, soaking
Arroser, vr. to water; baste
Arrosoir, sm. watering-pot
.\rsenal, arsenal
Arsenic, arsenic, orpine
Arsenical, e. a. —cat
Art, sm. art, skill, ability. — D
n'y a point d'art chez lui, ht
is a most candid man
Artere, sf. artery
Art6riel, le. a. arterial
Arterieux, se. arteriuus
Arteriole, sf. small artenj
Arteriologie, sf. —logy
Arteritomie, —tomy
Artbritique, 2. a. —tic
Artichant, sm. artichoke
Article, article; joint matter
Articulaire, 2. a. —lar
Articulation, sf. —tion
Articuler, va. to articulate
Artifice, sm. skill; craft; artifice
Artificiel, le. a. artificial, artful^
fictitious
Artificiellement, ad. —daily; hj)
art
Artificier, sm. fire-worker
Artificieusement, ad. craftily
Artificieux, se. a. cunning
Artillerie, sf. artillery; ordnancA
Artilleur, sm. artilleryman
Artimon, mizen-mast
Artisan, e. s.artificcr; tradesman
Artison, sm. wood-louse
Artisonne, e. a. worm-eaten
Artiste, sm. artist; artificer
Artistement, ad. artfully
Aruspice, diviner, soothsayer
As, sm ace
Asbeste, asbestos, a stone whiek
fire cannot consume
A savoir, ad. to wit
Ascarides, sm. pi. —des
Ascendant, sm. — dant; influenet
Ascendant, e. a. ascending
Ascension, sf. ascension
Ascensionel, le. a. — nal
Ascete, s. ascetic; anchoret
Asc6tiqne, 2. a. ascetic
Asciens, sm. pi. ascii
Ascite, sf. ascites; dropsy
Ascitiqne, 2. a. —tic
Ascyron, sm. St. John's wort \
Asiatique, 2. a. s. Asiatic; looM
Asine, (bete) he or she ass
Aspect, sm. aspect; look; vision
Asperge, sf. asparagus
Asperger, va. to besprinkle
Aspers<'?,sm.holy water;sprinkl» I
Asp6ril6, sf. roughness '
ASS
ASS
ATI
15
Aspersion, besprinkling
Aspecsoir, sm. Iioly water stick
Asphodile, sm. day-lily
Aspic, sin- asp, slanderer
Aspic, aspic, slanderer
Aspiiani, e. a. s. candidate
Aspiianie, sf. probationer
Aspiration, sf. — tion; pious eja-
culations
Aspirer, v. to aspire; * draw
breath; aspirate; attract
Aspre, sm. Turkish coin (.about
one penny)
Assabier, choke up with sand
S' — , vr. to run * aground
Assa.i\\a.ntysm. assailant;aggres-
aor
Assaillir, va. to assault., attack
Assaisonnement, sm. seasoning
Assaisonner, va. to season
Assaisonneur, sm. seasoner
Assaki,5/. the favourite sultaness
Assassin, sm. assassin, villain
Assassinant, e. a. very tedious
Assassinat, sm. assassination,
villany
Aa3assinateur,rt5sassi7i,murderer
AssEissiner, va. to murder, kill;
plague, vex, tire
Assaut, sm. assault, storm, onset
A9s6cher, va. to dry up
Assecur, sm. a collector
Assemblage, assemblage, join-
ing; union; heap
Assembl6e, sf. assembly; meet-
ing, ball, rendezvous; call
Assenibler,ua. to assemble;* meet
Ass6ner, to *' hit the mark
Assentinient, sm. assent
Asseoir, va. to * set; * lay; as
sess; pitch; fiz
S' , vr. to * sit down
Assermenter, va. to * swear one
to confirm by oath
Asserteur, sm. assertor; rescuer
Assertion, sf. assertion
Assertiveinent, ad. affirmatively
Asservir, va. to subject; enslave
Asse.sse{ir,sm.asscssor;assistant
Assessorial, e. a. belonging to an
assessor
Assez, ad. enough
Assidii, e. a. assiduous, constant
Aaaidmt^,sf. assiduity, diligence
Assidument, ad. assiduously
Assiegeant, e. a. besieging
Assieger, va to besicga; * ije.ict
Assieges, sm. pi. the besieged
Assiente,^/. sZaoe tradeiAssicnto
Assientiste, sm. one who has a
share in theJissiento company
Assieite, sf. plate; situation; as-
sessment; fund; temper; trim
Assiett6e, plateful
Assignat, sm. mortgage; French
credit-paper
Assignation, sf. assignment;
summons, subpoena
Assigner, ?ja. to assign; to sum-
mon
Assimilation,s/. — tion,a making
like; resemblance
Assimiler, va. to assimilate,
* make like
Assimil6, e. a. compared
Assise, sf. lay of stones
Assises, sf. pi. assizes
Assistant, e. a. s. an assistant;
helper
Assistante, sf. a nun that assists
the abbess
Assistance, — ce; audience
Assistans, sm. pi. assembly
Assister, va to assist; to * be
present; to help
Association, sf. —tion; partner-
ship
Associe, e. s. partner
Associer, va. to associate, admit
Assommer,to knock down; maul;
oppress
Assommoir, sm. load-stone in a
mousetrap
Assomption, sf. assumption
Assonance, rhyme
Assonant, e. a. assonant; chim-
ing
Assortunent, sm. sortment; suit;
set
Assortir, va. to * stop; match;
suit
Assort issant, e. a. matching
Assot6, e. a. doating; fond of
Assoiipir, va. to * make drowsy;
to suppress
S'— , vr. to * grow dull, or sleepy
Assonpissant, e. a. somniferous
Assoupissemeut, sm. heaviiicss,
suppression
Assouplir, va, to supple a horse
Asrfourdir, to deafen
Assouvir, to gl:d; satisfij
AsaOuvi.ssfMicnt, sm. gLuting
Assujf.'ttir, va to subdue; * ovtir-
come; submit
S' — , vr. to subject, tie onc''s self
Assujeltissant, e. a. slavish
Assujettissenient, sm. subjection
Assurance, sf. —ce, safety: conr
fidence; tragi; boldness
Assure, sm. proprietor of an in-
sured ship
Assure, e. a. sure; confident
Assur6inent, ad. assuredly
Assurer, va. assure; insure; en-
courage
Assurance, sf. insurance
Assureur, sm. insurer
Asterisnie, asterism
Asterisque, asterisk (*)
Asthniatiaue, 2. a asthmatic
Asthme, *;«. asthma
Astrag-dle,astragal,sham liquor^
ice
Astral, e. astral, starry
Astre, sm. star
Astreindre, va. to confine, to tie
up, * bind
S' , vr. to stick to
Astringent, e. a. astringent, cos-
tive
Astrolabe, sm. cross staff
Astrologie, sf. —logy
Astrologique, 2. a. — gical
Astrologiquement, ad. — calty
Astrologue, sm. astrologer
Aslronorne, astronomer
Astronomie,sf.astrntiomy.-'L'a9-
troiogie est cliimerique, maia
Tastrononiie est ceriaine; as-
trology is imaginary, but aS'
tronomy is certain
Aslronomique, 2. a. —mical
Astronomiquemont, ad. —cally
Astuce, sf. wile, craft
Asyie, sm. asylum; shelter
Atermoyement, delay
Atormoyer, va. to * put off, delay
Athee,2. a. s. atheist, atheistical
Ath6istne, sm. atheism
Ath6nienne, sf. glass bowl to
keep curious fish
Athlete, sm. nthlet, champion
Athl^tique, 2. athletic
Atinter, va. to * tricky * set out
16
ATT
ATT
AVA
At]ant\que,'i.a.jJtlantic, western
AUas^sm. Jit las ;ti\s(t Indian satin
Atmospliere, sf. atmosphere
Atonie, sm. atom
Atomiste, atomist
Atonie, sf. atony; faintness
Atourner, va. to attire^ dress
Atours, am. pi. tcoman's attire
Atout, sm. trump
Alrabilaire, 2. a. — larious
Atrabile, sf. black-choler
Atre, sm. heartk
Atroce, 2. a. heinoxis, grievous,
nefarious
Atrocite, sf. heinousness
S'attabler, vr. to * sit down at
table
Attachant, e. a. eng-aging; en-
dearing
Attache, sf. a tic; string; eager-
ness
Altachement, sm. affection; tie;
adhesion
Attacher, va to tie; fasten; ap-
ply; endear; nllure; attach
S' — , cr. to apply one's self: to
* stick to
Altaqiiable, 2. a. that may be at-
tacked
Attaquant, e. a. s aggres.^or
Atta«iiie,,</. atta-k: insult; ft
Attaquer, va. to attack; * fall
upon; insult
Atteindre, va. to reach; attain
Atteint, e. a. arraigned; ajjlictt i;
hit with or hy; charged with
Atteiiite, sf. blow; f—"*; fit
Attelage, sm. set oj harne s, or
horses
Attcler, va. to * put to, ot into
Attelior, sm. icork.-.hop
Atteloir, sf. a peg, or pin
Attenaiit, ad. next to; near
Attenant, e. a. contiguous
Attendarit, e. a. that waits
Attendre, va. to wait; expect;
* st'iy; * put off
S' — , vr. to rely upon; to expect
Attendrir, va. to soften; affect
8' — , to * grow U '-.to * be af-
fected
Attendrissant, e. a. moving
Attendrissement, sm. resenting;
commiseration
Attendu, } fcr^ *-» •ceottnt of
Attendu que, e. seeing that
Attentat, sm. outrage, attempt
Attealatoire, 2. a. illegal
Attente, sf. expectation, hope
Atienter, vn. to attempt
Atleiitif, ve. a. attentive, intent
Attention, sf. attention; care
Aitentivemem, ad. —rely
An6nuant, e. i. weakening
Attenualif, w a. attenuating
Attenuation, > f. —tion
Atienuer, va \o attenuate
A tie rage, sn . ianding-place
Atterrer, va io * throw down;
destroy
Atterissemi lit, »m. land increas-
ed by sei -siitne
Attestaiio' I, sf —tion; certificate
sou/ serm-'nt, affidavit
Attcster va. attest; aver; call
Alticisii e, sm. ticism
Attiedi', va. to cool
Attied'sseniera sm. coolness
Attife , va. ti * trick up
Attit't, sm. tfin'itts
Attijuo, 2. a attic
At'iqucmeiv afti r the manner of
he .,'jthenians
.•*ltirail, sii. bi^gage; train;
equipage dress
Attirant, e i. attri.'ctive
Attirer, v\ to attratt; * draw
S'altirer, 4r. to * cret into; to
* win
Attiser If feu, va. it stir the fire;
tu inflytmc
Atliseur, so. s. one xJio stirs the
fire
Attiser. ia. to suborn
Altitre' va. to appoint; to com-
mission
Altitude, sf. attitude, fiosture
Attou '-heinent, «m. toixh; feel-
ing
Attoucher, vn. to * be -elated
Attoumance, «/. attummcnt
Attournement, sm. attimment
Altr Ktif, ve. a. atlract.'ve
Attv action, .<f/. attractim
Attractionnaire, 2. a. —nary
Attractrice, a. attractite
Attraire, va. to entice, allure
Attrait, sm. allurement, bait
AttiJiits, pi. charms, bet uty
Attrape, sf. gin, snare I
— mouche, sm. gnat-snapper
Attraper, va. to * caUh; * kit;
* gft; cheat; reach; * over-
take; surprise
Attrapfcur, se. s. catcher; suv
priser; cheat
Attiapoir, sf. trap; wile
Attraj'ant, e. a. attractive
Attreniper, va. to temper; dilutt
Attribuer, to attribute; aterib*;
assume
Attribute, sm. attribute
Attributif, ve. a. attributing
Attribution, sf. allowance, pri-
vilege
Attristant, e. a. sad, grievous
Attrister, va. to grieve; afflict
Attrition, */. attrition
\ttro«j)ement, sm. tumult; riot
Attrouper, va. to * get together
S'— , vr. to flock in crowds
Au, art. m. to the; in; with; for;
according
'avacliir, vr. to flag
Avage, sm. hangman's fees
Aval, surety for payment
Aval, ad. downwards; down th*
river
Avalage, sm. letting down
Avalaison, sf. flood, t&rrent
Avalanges, a/, pi. fall of snots
from the mountains
Avalant, sm. ebbing, going down
a liver
Avaler, va. to swnllow;*let down
Avaler, vn. to * go down the ri-
ver; to hew off'
S'avaler, vr. to * go down; to
* hang down too much
Avaleur, se. s. greedy-gut
Avaleur de couleuvres, toad
eater; mean parasite
Avaloire, sf. large throat
Quelle avaloire ! what a guzzler !
Avance, sf. advance; step; out-
jutting
Avanceinent, sm. preferment;
advancement; progress; for-
wardness
Avancer, va. to advance; * sei
forth; forward; hasten; * go
too fast; avail; jut out
S'avancer, vr. to move; * eofn§
or * go forward; * get prefer-
AUB
AtJG
AVO
17
Avame, sf. oppression; insult
Avant, sm. prow
Avaiit,;>r. before; forward; deep
AvaiUay;e, sin. advantage, en-
dowment; privilege; honour,
victory; odds; break-head
Avautuger,ua. to bestow; gratify
AvaiitageusemeiU, ad. profita-
bly; favourably
Avantageux, se.a.advantageoits.
— Uiio taille avantageuse, a
fine shape
Avaiil-buc, sm.jutiing-stones of
a bridge
Avaat-corps, fore-part
Avam-cour, sf. fore-court
Avant-coureur, sm. forerunner;
warning
AvaiU-couriere, sf. harbinger
Avaat-fosse, sm. fore-ditch
Avant-garde, sf. vanguard
Avant-gout, sm. foretaste
Av&nl-hi(iT,ad.day before yester-
day
Avant-Iogis, sm. fore-house
Avaiit-irmr, outward wall
Avant-veille, sf. fore vigil
AvaiU-jfmr, time bifore sunrise
Avant-main, forehand stroke;
forepart of a horse
Avant-miili, time before noon
A.varit-propos, preamble
Avant-toit, house-cace
Avant-train, forc-whcels
Avare, 2. a. covetous, sordid
Avare, s. a miser
Avaremeiit, ad. covetously
Avarice, sf. conrtousness
Avaricieiix, se. a. avaricious
Avarie, e. a. averaged, damaged
Avarie, sf. average, damage
A varies, ;;/. average, loss
Avasfe, stop {sea-term)
A-vaii-1'eau, ad. down the river
Aiibade, sf. aubadc; reprimand
Anbaiti, sm. alien
Auhainage, escheatage
Aubaine, sf. wind-fall; escheat
Aiibe, sf. day-break
Aubepiiie, hawthorn
Auhorge, inn; albcrgc
AubiTgiste, sm. innkeeper
Aiibicr, sm. hasletree; sap
Aubifoiri, cornflower
Aubin, lohtte of an egg
PART
Aucun, e. a. no; none; some
Aucuneraent, ad. not at all
Audace, sf. boldness; audacity
— , a stay (for a hat)
Audacieuseinent, ad. boldly
Audacieux, se. a. audacious
Au-deca, pr. on this side
Au-dela, beyond
Audience, sf. audience; hearing
Audiencier, sm. crier of a court
Auditeiir, — tor; disciple; judge
Audilif, ve. a. auditory
Audition, sf. audit; hearing
Auditoire, sm. sessions house;
auditory
Avec, pr. with; withal; for;
against; by; in
Avoindre, va. * take, fetch out
Aveiine, sf. filbert
A velinier, sm. filbert-tree
Avenage, avenage; kind of
ground-rent
Avenant, e.a.becoming; suitable
Avenement, sm. accession; com-
ing
Avenir, vn. to happen; chance
Avenir, sm. summons; future
A I'avenir, ad. henceforth
Avent, sm. advent
AventLire, sf. adventure; event;
fortune; love
Aventurer, va. to venture
Aveiitureux, se. a. venturesome
AvenUirier, e. a. s. adventurer
Avenue, sf. avenue; walk
Averer, va. to prove; aver
Averne, sm. hell (in poetry)
Averse, sf. heavy shower
Aversion, sf. aversion; hatred
Avertin, sm. crazijirss
Avertineux, se. a- frantic
Avertir, va- to warn; inform
Avertissenieat, sm. advertise-
ment; warning; caution
Aveu, confession; consent
Aveugle, a. s. blind
Aveiigie-n6, e. stone-blind
Aveuslenient, sm. blindness
AveugI6inent, ad. blindly
Aveugler, va. to blind; dazzle
— to erect a battery against
Aveuglette a raveuglette, ad.
groping, rashly
Auge, sf. trough; tray
Aug6e, atrayfull
AugetjS/n. drawer of a birdcage^
spout of a mill hopper
Angmenl, jointure; augment
Augmentatif, ve. a. — tative
Augmentation, sf. —tion
Augmenter, va. to augment, in-
crease; enlarge
Augural, e. a. of an augur, au-
gurial
Augure, sm. augury; augur;
omen
Augurer, va, to augur ate
Auguste, 2. a. august; royal
Augustement, ad. majestically
Auguslin, sm. .Bustin friar
Augustine, sf. Austin nun
Avide, 2. a. greedy; eager
Avidement, ad. eagerly
Av\d\te, s/.eagerness ; greediness
Avilir, va- to disgrace, abate
Aviiissement, sm. abasement
Aviner, va. season with wine
Aujourd'hui, ad. to-day; now
Aviron, sm. oar
Avironner, va. to draw with oars
Avis, S7n. advice; opinion; in-
telligence; motion; project
Avis6, e. a. prudent; crafty
Aviser, vn. to consider; spy;
descry; warn; look to; * thiufa
of; resolve
3' aviser, vr. to* bethink one's self
Avitailloment, sm. victualling
Avitailler, va. to victual
Avitailleur, sm. victualler; agent
Aviver, tjrt. to brisk up; polish:
Avivcs, sf.pl. swelling [hew
Aulique, 2. a. aulic act
Aumailles, sf. pi. black cattle
Aumone, sf. aims, charity
Auni6n6e, giving of bread to the
poor after funeral obset/uits
Aumftner, va. to bestow alms
Aumonerie, sf. almoner's digni-
ty; almonry
Aunionier, e. a. charitable
Aumonier, sm. chiplain
Auinuce, sf. aumttss
Aunage, sm. measuring by ells
Anne, sf. an ell
Aune, sm. alder
Auner, va. to measure by the c.U;
to beat ^
Auneur, sm. alnagcr J;cr
Avocasser, vn. to* be apetttfog-
13
AUT
AZU
BAD
Avocasscrie, sf. pettifogsriner
Avocat, sm. lawyer, advocate
Avocat plaidant, barrister
— consultant, chamber counsel
AvDcate, sf. advocate, mediatrix
Avoine, Aveinc, oats
Avoiiies, pi. standing oats
Avoir, va. to * have, * have got;
to be
— faim, to * be hungry
— soif, to * be thir.-ity
— chaud, to * be warm or hot
— froid, to * be cold
A%-oir b ?au— , in vain
Av(jir, s/n. substance
Avoisinor, va. to border on
Avorteinenl. sm. miscarriage
Avortor, vn. to miscarry; abort
Avorton, sm. abortive child;
.â– ihrimp
Avou6, avowee; protector
Avou^, aroyer; avoyce
Avouer, ca. toown; avow
Avouerie, sf. advowson
Auparavant, ad. before
Auprp?, pr. near: about; by; to
Aupres, a I. hard by; close by
Aur6o!o, sf- glory; crown
Auriculaire, 2. a. — lar
Ftinioin, — , car witness
Aurifiqae, 2. a. that converts in-
to gold
Anrillas, cheval aurilias, long-
eare I horse
Avril, sm. ..Iprl; prime
Aiuone, sf. wild icnrmwood
Aiirore, dawn; aurora; yellow;
the ra-^t; a fair nirgin
Aurorn !Vtr6a!e, aurora horealis
Auspice, sm. auspice, omen.pa-
troms'c
Aussi, r. nho, sn,too fiH,trulu,as
A;i9si^ii!^n,/('r.- ns wHl
Aussi-peu, 1.* little [.foon
A'i?ji-l''>!, ad. immediat?lij; as
A;is?i-lot-<V'<-N '^- "* *"'"• i*
A 'IS* ('re, 2. a. anvtere, rigid
Aiisiirt'-nenf, ad. sevrrehj
Aiist6rit6, "f. aimt^rity, rigour
Austral, e. a. soulhrrn, aiistralis
Autan, sm. south wind
Aatant, a1. as riurh,so much; as
mnrh, as many
Autant que. e. as much as; as
far as; as — so
Autel, aZtar; religion {in poetry)
Auteur, sm. author; maker;
writer; owner; inventor
Authenticite, sf. — city
Autlientique, 2. a. authentic
Authentique, sf. authentic; Ro-
man laws
Aulheuliquement, ad. —colly
Authentiquer, va. to prove
Autocephale, sm. —lus. i. e. his
own ruler, or juaster
Autocratic, sf. despotic govern-
ment
Autocthones, pi. ahorigines
Auto-da-fe, sm. auto'de-fe
Autographe, sf. S- m. autogra-
phy, original writing
Automate, sm. automaton; a
simpleton
Automnal, e. a. autumnal
Autonine, 5/. autumn
Autonoinie, autonomy; liberty
Autopsie, autopsy; meditation
Autorisation, impoweriurr
AutorisorjUi. to impoircr; justify
S' — , pr. to * get r.ri dit
Autorite, sf. authority; power
Autour, pr. about, round
Autour, sm. ffoss-hawk
Autre, pr. ot.'ier, ajinthT [fore
Autrefois, a'l. formerly, hercto-
Autrefoi?, sf. another time
Autrement, ad. otherwise; also
Autrepart, elsewhere
Autruche, sf. ostrich
Autrui, sm. others, other people
A u vent, pent-house; fence
An vernal, a sort of red heady
icirte
Aux. art. pi to the
Auxi iaire, 2. n. ai'Tiliary
Ax"^, N-JTi. azis, ail-tree
^xil!aire.,2. a. ariUry
\\iiiomancf?, sf. —nin-y
Axioms, sm axiom, mixim
Ay, aye, int, ay! o'l! ah!
Ayeul, sm. granilfat'irr
Ayeule, sf rtraxdmnt'irr
Ayeux, am. pi. forefathers
Aze, sm. an ass
A/.imut, azimuth
Aziinutal, e. a. niimiUhal
Azur, sm. lapis tazuli, azure
.\7.UT, sky-colour
Azure, e. a. skycolourei
Azj'me, 2. a. unleavened
Azynies, sm. azymes
Azynnle,j5. aiymite
B
B— inol, sm. B-Jlat
B-quarre, B-sharp
Babel, (tour de,) sf. confusei
place or affair
Babeurre, sm. butter-milk whe\
Baliiclie, sf. lap-dog
Babichon, 5/71. lap-dog
Bauil, chat, talkativeness
Bahillard e. a.chatterer,prnttlci
Bahiller, ra. to chat, prattle
Bahine, 5/. lip of beasts
Babiole, bauble, toy
Babord, sm. larboard
Babouche, sf. .Asiatic slippers
B;ihouin, sm. baboon; simplfton
Babjuiner, v. play the rogue
Bac, sm. ferry-boat
Cacaiiau, stock-fish
Baccalaureat, buclielorship
Bacchanale, sf. tumultu-ms de-
bauch; Bacchanal
tiacchaiiales, Bacchus' s feast
Bacclianaliser, vn. to bacchana-
li.^e; to revel
Bacchante, sf. termagant; bic-
chant
BacJia, sm. a hashnw
Ba-rhelelte, sf. da">sd
na;:lio!i'^r, sm. bachelor of arls_
a kni'/ht
Ra -liique, 2. a. dru^ikcn, merry
T5achot, sm. wherry
Bachot as I'wcAffrry/'nn '5'' K-vHf 5,
Rar.lioteur, wherrymu'i
Bai l.'^r, va. to * make fi^i; C'in-
rhrh.
Baculor, lo Ihr.i.^h, cudgel
Baculo-.niiirie, sf. —melnj
Had iiid, e. .f. booby: cochnnj
N. n. Badaiid at Pari* an s re t.^
t> the worrf Cockney in I^mhn
n uiaidawc, silliness
P.aduiiler, vn to irape about
Rp.daiiderie, sf. silly 'jchnriour
Badi!!iH)n, sm. plaster of Paris
Baiizeonner, va. to plaster with
pfnster of Paris
Badin, e. a. a. playful, wanton
BAI
Badinage, sin. sport, play
Badiuaat, ahorse of reserve
Badiiuniuii!, ad. wantonly
Badiiie, sf. light walking switch
Badiiu,'!', va. to jest, play
Badiiicrio, sf.jest; silly trijle
Badiiies,;;^ small tongs
bai'etas, sin. a sort of cotton
Balbuer, va. to ridicule; abuse
Bafie, .«jf. guttling
Balier, vn to guttle
Bafieur, so «. guttler
Bagage, sin. baggage, liiggngc
Bagarre, sf. brawl, strife, 0/^1 ay
Bagatelle, trifle, toy
Bagatelle, int. stuff! air ay!
— Vive la bagatelle, away with
sorrow and care
Gagaiellier, sm. trifirr
Bagateilisie, toyman
Bagne, sni. the place where the
Turks confine their slaves
Bagiiolet, sw. Bugnolette, sf. a
kind of woman'' s head-dress
Bague, sf. ring
Bague sauves, clear, safe
Baguenaude, bladder-nut
Bagutnauder, vu. to trifle
Bagueiiaudier, sm. trifler
Baguer, va. to baste; to * give
rings and jewels to one's bride
Baguette, sf. wand; rod; stick
Baguettes, pi. gantck'pe
Baguier, sm. ring-case
Bahut, trunk
Bahutier, trunk-makrr
Bai, e. a. bay-colo^acd
Bai-brun, broirn-bay
Bai-chalain, of a chesnut colour
Bai-c!air, bright bay
Bai-dore, yellow dun
Bai-mirouette, bright dappled
bay
Bale, sf. bayberry; flam; gap
Bale, bay-gulf
Baigner, va- to bathe; soak; to
water
Baigiieur, se. s. bather; bagnio-
keeper
Baigiioir, sm. bathing-place
Baignoire, sf. bathing- tub
Bail, sm. lease
Baile, the Venetian ambassador,
at Constantinople; a judge, in
Languedoc
BAL
Bailie, .<;/. large sea-tub
Bailleiuent, sm. yawning
Biiiller, vn. to gape, yawn
Bailler, va. to * give, reach, de-
liver
—a fernie, to lease; * let otit
Bill lieu r, se. s. yawner
Bailleur, sm. leaser
Bailleresse, sf. leaser
liailli, bailiff; judge; seneschal
Bailliage, bailiwick
Baillive, sf. bailiff's wife
Baillon, sm. gag
Baillonner, va. to gag
Bain, sm. bath, bagnio
Bain-marie, balneum viarim
Bajoue, .</. hog'scheik
Bairam, sm. a solemn Turkish
holiday
Baiseniains, sf. pi. cumpUnents,
service
Baisement, sm. kissing
Baiser, sm. kiss, buss
Baiseur, se. a kisser
BaLsotier, va. to kiss often
Baisse, sf. drminution in value
Baisser, v. to * let down; bow;
sloop; lower; * strike; de-
crease; * fall; * sink
Baissiere, sf. tilt; sediment
Baisure, kissing crust
Bai, sm. a ball, dance
Baladc, sf. a ballad
Baladine, e. s. dancer at shows;
buffoon; fop
Balafre, .9/. gash; slash; rent
Balafrer, va. to slash; gash
Balai, sm. broom; besom
Balais (rubis) a fine ruby; a very
red pimple
Balance, sf. balance; libra; scale
Balanc<^, sm. a balance {in danc-
ing)
Balancement, balancing
Balancer, va. to balance, poise,
waver
Se , * swing; hover
Balancier, am. balance-maker;
balance of a watch; fly of a
jack; beam of the scales
Balancine8, sf. pi. lifts
Balancoir, S7n. see-saw
Baiandran ct Balandras, old
fashioned great coat; ill *
made garment; clumsy^fdlow
BAL
19
Balayer, va. to * sweep
Balayer, to kill, or * drive out,
or from a post {in war)
Balayeur, se. s. sweeper; a
broom man, or woman
Balayures, 5/. pi. sweepings;
ichat the sea throws up
Balbutienient, sm. stammering
Balbutier, vn. to stammer; lisp
Balcon, sm. balcony
Baldaquin, canopy
Haleine, sf. whale, whalebone
Baleinon, sm. young whole
Balenas, pizzle of a whale
Baievre, sf. under lip
Balise, buoy, or mast
Baliser, v. to * set buoj/s, masts
Balislaire, a r.iilitary officei
among the Romans
Baliste, sf. balista
Balivage, sm. the marking of
pollards in a forest
Bal'weau, pollard, slander
Baliverncr, vn. to trifle
Balivernes,.?/. pi. ribaldry, trifles
Ballade, sf. 'ballad, song
Ballant, a. swinging
Balle, sf. bullet, ball; bale
Balleram6e, a cross-bar shot
Bailer, vn. to dance
Ballet, sm. interlude; ballet
Ballon, sm. football; balloon;
sort of boat in Siam
Ballon aijrostatique, air balloon,
vid. Aerostat
Ballonnier, football-maker
Baln^able, 2. a. belonging to th«
baths
Balot, sm. bale, packit
Balotade, sf. bounding of ahorse
Balotation, balloting
Balole, voting-ball
Balotcr,vn.to ballot; discuss; toss
Balotin, sm. the boy who receives
the voting-ball,f,c. also a small
bale; sort of orange-tree
Balourd, e. s. loggerhead
Balourderie, Balourdise, sf. ab-
surdity
Ralsamine, balsam
Bal.saini(]ue, ?. a. balsamic
Balustrade, sf. baluster, rails
IBalustie, sm. rail, baluster
BalustK^, e. a. ornamented wi'M
balusters, or raiUt
ao
BAN
BAR
BAR
Baluslrer, ra. to rail in
Balzaii, black, or bay horse
Banibiii, sm. a babe
Barabochade, sf. grotesque pic-
tures
Bamboche, shrim; puppet
Bambou, sm. bamboo, sort of In-
dian cane
B^n, banns; outlawry; exile
Banal, e. a. common
Barialit6, sf. the rights of a ma-
nor
Banane, sf. banana
Bananier, sm. banana-tree
Banc, bank; bench; seat; pew;
form; sand
Banc de sable, sand-bank
Banc du Roi, King's bench
— common, common pleas
Bancs, pi. public disputations
Bancalle, sf. little bandy-legged
woman
Bancelle, long form
Bancroche, sm. little bandy-leg-
ged man
Bandage, bandage; truss; bind-
ing iron plates
Bandagiste, truss-maker
Bande, sf. band; fillet; gang;
link: throng; side
Bandeau, sm. fillet; veil; peak;
wreath.— Une grosse pension
est un grand bandeau, a large
pension is a thick veil
Bandelette, 5/. little fillet
Bander, va. to * bind; stirrup;
* bend; * stand; cock; bandy
Se — , vr. to cover; overlook;
unite in a league
Bandereau, sm. string for a
trumpet
Banderolle, sf. streamer; banne-
rol
Bandit, sm. robber; pander
Bandoulior, vagabond
Bandouliere ' sf. bandoleer;
shoulder-belt
Banlicue, precinct
Banne, tilt for a boat; cabin
Banner, va. to cover with a tilt
Banieret, a. m. banneret
Bannetoii,*m. a cauf
Bannetto, sf. sort of basket; a
cortain number of hides
Banni^rtf, banner, standard
Bannir, va. to banish
Se — , vr. to withdraw from
Bannissable, 2. a. banishable
Bannissemcnt, sm. exile
Banqiie, sf. bank
Banqueroute, bankruptcy
Bangueroutier, e. s. bankrupt
Banquet, sm. a banquet, feast
Banqueter, vn. to feast
Banqueteur, sm.f caster
Banquette, sf. raised way
Banquier, sm. banker
Bapteme, baptism
Baptismal, e. baptismal
Baptiste, s. baptist
Baquet, bucket; tray: trough
Baqueter, v. to scoop oat water
Baquetures, sf. pi. droppings
Bar, sm. handbarroic, barb
Baraque, sf. barrack, hut
Baragouin, sm. gibberish; cant
Baragouinage, gibberish; cant
Baragouiner, v. to * speak gib-
berish
Baragouineur, se. who speaks
gibberish
Barraquer, va. to make barracks
Barratte, sf. a churn
Barrater, vr. to chum, cheat
Barbacane, sf. kind of fort; a
barhicat
Barbare, -2. a. s. barbarous;
rude; barbarian
Barbarement, ad. barbarously
Barbarie, sf. barbarity; rudeness
Barbarisme, sm. barbarism
Barbe, ef beard; lappet; fiap-
pet; waddle; barbie
Barbe, sm. a Barbary horse
Barbes, sf. pi. whiskers of a cat,
iS-c. feathers of a quill, bar-
bies, fins
Barb6, e. a. bearded
Barbeau, sm. a. barbel
BarbeI6, e. a. bearded
Barberie, sf. profession of shav-
ing
Barbet, sm. a spaniel, a tell-tale
Barbette, sf. stomacher for nuns
Barbiche, lap-dog
Barbichon, sm. small lap-dog
Barbier, a barber, tonsor
Barbifier, va. to shave
Barbillon, sm. little barbel
Barbon, a gray-beard
Barbon, ne. a. morose; peevish
Barbonnage, sm. peevishness
Barliole, sf. eel-pout
Barboier, v. to mutter; muddle
Barboteur, sm. a dunce
Barbotiiie, sf. worm-seed
Barbouillage, sm. daubing; nonr
sense
Barbouiller, va. to daub; perplex;
scribble
Se — , vr. to daub one's ace; *
lose one's character
Barbouilleur, se. dauber; scrib-
bler
Barbu, e. a. bearded
Barbue, sf. a dab, quickset, vine
Barbuquet, sm. chap; scab
Barcarolle, sf. a Venetian ballad
Bardaiie, sf. burdock
Barde. bard; slice of bacon
Bardeau, sm. shingle
Barder, va. to cover with a slice
of bacon; to bard
Bardea, sm. partition
Bardeur, day-labourer
Bardot, small mule; drudge; in-
complete book
Barge, sf. a barge; boat
Barguianage, sm. haggling
Barguiencr, h.iggle; waver
Barguigneur, se. *. hngffler
Baril, sm. barrel, runTUct
Barillet, krg; barrel of a watth
Bariolage, vicllry of colours
Bariol^, e. speckled
Barnabite, sm. bamabite
Barnacle, sf. sea-duck
Barocher, va. to daub
Barometre, sm. barometer, wear
iher-nrlass
Barom(>tri(iue, 2. a. — trical
Baron, sm. a baron
Baronnage, baronage
Baronnei, a baronet
Baronne, sf. baroness
Baronnie, barony
Baroque, 2. a. rough; odd
Baroscope, sm. baroscope, baro-
meter
Barot, a beam
Barotin, small beam
Barque, sf. a bark
Bai:;uerolle, little fishinff-boai
Barrage, sm. passage-toll
Barrager, toll-gatherer
i
BAS
BAT
BAV
21
Barre, «/. a bar; spar; whip-
staff; cross-bar; barrier
Carres, pi. pari of a horse's ne-
ther jaw
Barreau, sm. bar; little bar;
court; lawyers
Barrer, va. to bar; * stop; * knit
fast; erase
Barrette, sf. bonnet, cap
Barricade, barricadu
Barricader, va. to barricade
Barriere, sf. barrier; hinderance;
gate; list
Barrique, hogshead
Barriquot, sm. small barrel
BailUiVC\le,sf.large red partridge
Barses, sf. pi. canister [in which
tea is brought from China)
Bas, se. a. low, shallow, base;
mean; faint; short
Ba3 fond, sm.Jlat, shallo
— peuple, populace, mob
— relief, basso relievo
Baa, sm. a stocking, hose
Bas, ad. down, low
Bas, sm. bottom; foot; lower
part
Basalte, sm. a kind of black mar-
ble; a touchstone
Basane, sf. tanned sheep's lea-
ther
Basan^, e. a. tawny
Basbord, sm. the larboard
Bascule, sf. swipe; swing gale;
see-saw
Base, basis
Baser, va. to settle; fix, establish
Basilic, sm. basilisk; sweet basil
Basiiicoii, — con
Basiiique, sf. stately church,
court of justice
Basiiique, 2- a. basilical
Basin, sm. dimity
Casoche, sf. the company oflaw-
yrrs' clerks of the parliament
of Paris
Ba^ochien, sm. an officer of the
company of lawyers' clerks
Basque, sf. skirt of a doublet
Basse, the bass, in music
Basse continue, a thorough bass
— taille, counter tenor
cr- de viole, bass viol
Basse-cour, poultry yard
B.^sse-fosscj dungeon
Basse- voile, the main or foresail
Basses, pi. shallows, flats
Bassement, ad. lowly, meanly
Bassesse, sf. base action
Basset, sm. terrier-dog of a low
stature
Bassette, sf. a basset, a game
Basiers, sm. pi. flats; heap of
Bassin, sm. basin; pan; vase;
scale
, a wet dock
Bassine, sf. a pan
Bassiner, va. to warm; bathe
Bassinet, sm. small basinoxpan;
nozzle; pan of a gun
, (fleur,) butter-flower
Bassinoire, sf. warming-pan
Basson, sm. bassoon
Bastant, e. a. sufficient
Baste, ad. int. be it so
Basie, sf. basket, sort of stuff
made with the bark of trees
Baste, sm. basto, ace of clubs
Baster, va. to suffice
Basterne, sf. a cart
Bastide, stn.neat country seat (so
called in Provence)
Bastille, sf. the Bastile
Bastille, e. a. fortified with tow-
ers {in heraldry)
Bastion, sm. bulwark; bastion
Bastionn6, e. a. in the form of a
bastion
Bastonnade, sf. bastinado
Bastonner, va. to bastinado;
cudgel
Bat, sm. pack-saddle; tail
Bataille, sf. a battle, fight
Batailler, vn, to struggle hard
Cataillon, sm. battalion
Batard, e. a. s. bastardy wild;
false; mongrel
Batardeau, sm. a dam
Batardiere, sf. nursery
Batardise, bastardy
Bateau, sm. boat
Batelage, trick; fare
Batelee, sf. fare, boatfull. — Une
batel6e de gens, a great crowd
Batelet., sm. little boat
Bateleur, merry-andrew; jug-
gler
Batelier, waterman
B^tewe, baptism, c^rUfcning
Bater, va. to saddle with a pach-
saddle
Batier, sm.maker of pack-saddles
Batifoler, vn. to romp; to toy
Batiment, sm. building; ship
Batir, vn. to * build; to baste
Batiser, to baptize, christen
Batisse, sf. the building
Batisscur, sm.. great builder
Batiste, baptist
Batiste, sf. cambric, lawn
Batiste re, sm. church-certificate
Baton, a stick, staff, cudgel
Batonner, va. to cudgel; score;
cancel
Batonnet, sm. a tipcat
Batonnier, staffman
Battage, thrashing
Battant, clapper folding; beat
ing
Batte, sf. rammer; paving beetlt
, beater ; sloping^ench ;
bolster; tail of a fish
Batte a beurre, chum-staff
Battement, sm. beating; clap-
ping; stamping
Batterie, sf. battery; squabble
— de cuisine, kitchen tackle
Batteur, se. .s. beater, thrasher
Batteurde pav6, sm. idle fellow
— en grange, a thrasher
Batteurs d'estrade, scouts
Battoir, battledore, beetle
Battologie, sf. tautology
Battre, va. to * beat; strike; bat-
ter
Se — , vr. to * fight
Se fairf^— , to * get one's self beat
Battre I'estrade, to scour; scout
— nionnoye, to coin
— le bl6, to thrash com
— le beurie, to chum
— les cartes, to shuffle
— des maims, to * clap
— de I'aile, to flap, flutter
Battures,.*/. pl.breakcrs; shelves
Bavard, e. *. boaster; babbler
Bavardcr, wTi. to boast
Bavarderie, .y. boasting
Bavaroise, tea sweetened with
syrup of capillaire
liaubi,sm.a harrier; large hound
Baudet,a7i ass; tressel; hammock
Baudrier, shoulder-belt
Bave, sf. slover, drivel
BEC
BEN
B^n
Baver, vn. to sliver, drivel
B;ivulte, */. a bib \
Baveur, se. .s slabberer
Baveuse (chair) sf. proud flesh
Bavocher, va. to print dimly
Bauge, sf. soil of a wild boar;
sort of mortar; sort ofdru^^et
Baume, sm. balm; balsam
Baumier, balm-tree
Bavoche, e. a. rou^h; dim;
clumsy
Bavolet, sm. head-dress
I5avo)ette, sf. country lass
liayor, vn. to gape
Bayotte, sf. a kind of baize
Bayeur, se. s a guper
Bayoiiiiette, sf. bayonet
B6iint, e- a. gaping; open
B6at, e. s. sanctimonious
Beatification sf. —tion
Beatifier, vaUo beatify
Beaiifique, 2. a. beatific
B6atiiles, sf. tit-bits, giblets
B6atitude, —tude; bliss
Beau, bel, belle, a. fine; hand-
some; beautiful; fair
Beau-pere, sm. father-in-laio
Beau-fils, son in-law
— frere, brother-in-law
Belle-mere, sf. mother-in-law
— fille, daughter-in-law
— soeur, sister-in-law
Beau, sm. cicdlcnce, fineness
Beaucoup, ad. much, many
Beau-pr6, sm. bowsprit
Beaut6, sf. beauty; fineness
Bcc, sm. beak; bill; nib; snout
Bee d'aiguiere, gullet
Bec-de-corbin, pincers; halberd;
cane with a curved head
— de lainpe, socket
— d« lerre, point
— de plume, nib
— de cicogne, ou bee de grue,
geranium ;slorkbillfiX crane's-
bill
Bee de lievre, hare lip
B6carre, a b sharp in music
B6casse, sf. 7coodcork
Becassc de iner, sea-pie
Bticasseau,j?m.o young woodcock
B6cassine, sf. a snipe
Becfigue, sm beccafigo
Beche, sf. a spade
B^Ch6c, OH becqu6e, bill-full
Becher, va. to dig
B-Jchique, 2. a. pectoral, stoma-
chic
Bec<ia6e, sf. billful
Becqueier, va. to * perk
Btdaine, sf. paunch, g.ts
Bedeau, sm. bccdle, vergtr
Bedou, sm. fat man; tubret
Beer, ca. to gape; hanker
Beffroi, sm. belfry; nlanu-bell
Begayemeiit, ita.umering
Begayer, c. to stammer, * lisp
Begue, 2. as. stammerer
Begueule, sf. a silly conceited
woman
Beguin, sm. biggin, cap
Beguinage, nunnery
B6guine, sf. stale maid; nun
Bejaune,s/«. young bird; a booby
Beignet, a fritter
Beiram, one of the Turkishlents
Bel, a. fine, handsome, vid. Beau
Belandre, sf. bilander, a small
coasting vessel
Bwlant, e. a. bleating
Beleraent, sm. bleating
Bfeler, vn. to bleat
Belette, sf. weasel
Belier, ram; Aries; battering-
ram
Belinge, sf. sort of linsey-wolsey
Belilre, sm. a scoundrel
Belitrerie, sf. roguishnrss
Belle, sf. a handsome woman
Bclle-de-nuit, night-shade
Belle-fille, sf. daughter-in-law
Belle-sceur, sister-in-law
Bellement, ad. softly
Be!!ig6rant, e. a at war
Belliqueux, se. martial, wa^ihe
Bellot, te. pretty
Belouse. sf. billiard, hazard
Belouser, va. to hazard
Se — , vr. to * mistake
Belv6der, sm. a turret; terrace
B6mol, ab flat in music
B6iaoli36, e. a. marked with a
flat
B6nt^dicit6, am. grace before
meals
Bt-ri6dicte, an clrctuiry
Benediction, sf. a blessing
Benefice, sm. benefit, living
— simple, sinecure [""£"
— a charge d'ames aparish lie
BeneficfTice, .if. bounty
BcMclicial, e. a. belonging to o
benefice
BeiiLticior, sm. incumbent
Beiiet, a. s. silly; a ninny
Benevolo, 2. a. kind, friendly
Benigneuient, ad. kindly
B6iiignite, sf. — ty, goodness
Benin, ?/«. Benigne, /. a. benign
Benjamin, s.n. a darling child
Bf'njoin, sm. benjamin ia gum
Benir, va. tu bltss, preserve
Benit, c. Belli, o. a. blessed,
praised; holy
Benitier, sm. holywater pot
Bequeier va. to * peck
Bequillard, sm. one that jcalks
wiUi a crutch; old dotard
Bequille, sf. a crutch
Bequiller, vn. to walk with
crutches
Bercail, sm. sheep-fold; pale
Berceau, cradle; bower; vault;
beginning
Bercor, va. to rock, amuse
Se — , vr. to flitter one's self
Bergame, sf. sort of hangings
Bergamole, bergamot pear; es-
sence, perfume, a sort of scent-
ed snuflf
Berge, high beach, barge
Berger, sm shepherd
Bergere, sf. shepherdess
— , sort of woman's cap, sort of
easy elbow chair
Bergerie, sheep-fold, flock
Bergeries, pi pastorals
Bergeronnettu, sf. wagtail; coun-
try lass
Borgerol, sm. I'ttle shepherd
Berichnt, hedge-sparrow
Beril, beryl
Berle, sf. water parsley
Bcrlir'.i!, a berlin
Berlingot, or Brelingot, sm. small
carriagr, gig
Berlue, sf dimness of sight
B(?rine, a benn; covered way
Bernable, 2. a. who deserves to
be tossed in a blanket
Rernardiere, ?/. sort of pear
Berne, toss in a blanket; an
oversight
Bernement, sm. tossing in a
blanket; banter
BIA
BIG
BIM
23
Bemer, va. to * toss in a blank-
et; to ridicule
ISeineur, sm. tosser in a blank-
It
Ceniicles, sf. pi. nothing; pshaw
Hcsace, sf. a wallet
Bcsacier, snu btggar
Bcsaigie, 2. a. sourish
Bcsaigue, sf. a twy-bill
Besaiit, sm. bcsant
Besides, sf. temple-glasses
Betogiie, work, labour
Besogiier, vn. to work
Besoiii, sin. want,7ieel, lack
Bessoii, ne. a twin
I'.estiace, sf. nninny
Bostiaire, sm. one that is exposed
to wild blasts
Bestial, e. a. beastly, brutish
Bestiaiement, ad. beastly
Bestialite, sf. beastliness
Of stiaux, sm. pi. cattle
Bestiole, .s/. little beast, insect;
a young fool
Bestion, sm. wild beast
Btta, sm. simpleton; booby
Betail, cattle
Bete, sf. beast, brute, bloclJicad
Bete fauve, wild deer
— noire, wild bear
— asine, an ass
BOtel, sm. betel
Rr;tement, ad. sillily
Betille, sf. a sort of muslin
R6tise, stupidity, folly
lietoine, bttony
Bette, b^ct
Betterave, red beet
Btiif, sm. vid. BcEuf,
Bcuslenient, bellowing
Beugler, vn. to bellow; low
Bemie, sm. butter
Beurrt, butter-pear
Beurree, sf. bread and butter;
huttcrflower
I?eurrer, vn. to butter
Beuriier, e. s. butler-seller
Rtvue,/. oversight, mistake
Hi^zoard, sm. bczoar stone
Hia'.s, slope, angle, way, bias
Biaiseinent, /^<cA, shift
Ciaiser, va. to shuffle, dodge
Biaiseur, .»ni. a shuffler
Biarque, sutler, caterer
Biasse, sf, raw silk
Bibeion, ne. 5. tippler; the ip of\
a vessel 1
Bil.Ie, .•?/. the Bible
Bibiiograplio, sui. — pher
Bibliographic, sf. —pky
Bibliomane, sm. one that is mad
after books
Bibliomanie, sf. boohishness
Bibliothecaire, sm. librarian
Bibliotheque, sf. library
Bibus, sm. paltry thing
Bicetre, sm. unruly boy; liouse
of correction in France
Biclie, sf. a hind, lap-dog
Bichon, ne. s. lap-dog
Bicoque, sf. a paltry town
Bidet, sm. apovy; a tit; joincr^s
bench
Bidon, a can
Bidoris, little pony
BJeii, good, wealth, bcveft
Bien, ad. will, right, many,
much, very
Bien-etre, sm. comfort, ease
Bien-tot, soon, very soon
loin, vry far off
loin de, pr. so far from
que, c. altlioMgh
Bien loin r[U(i, far from.
Bien-aim6, e. a. s. beloved
Bienfaisance, sf. brvrfccnce
faisant, e. a. liberal, kind
fait, sm. favour, benefit
Bienfaiteur, benefactor
Bienlaitrice, sf. benrf actress
Biens fonds, sm. pi. lands
Bienhenrcux, se. a. s. blessed
Biennal, a- lusting two years
Biens^ance, sf. decency, conve-
niency
Bienseant,e. a. decmt,convenirnt
Bienvuillance, sf. good-will,
free-gift, benevolence, love
Bien-venu, e. a. welcome
Bien-venue, sf. entrance money;
initiation; garnish-money ;
happy coming
Biere, beer; coffin
Bievre, sm. a beaver
Biez, water-mill, channel
Biffer, va. to erase, cancel
Bipame, 2. as. twice married
Bieamie, .â– ?/. bigamy
Bisrarade, a sour orange
Bigarreau, sm. hard cherry
Rif;aricauti«r, hard cherry-tree
Bigarrer, va. to party-colour, va-
riegate
Bigarrure, sf. variety of colours,
medley
Bige, sj. chariot and two
Bigle, sm. a beagle
2. a. s. squint-eyed
Bigler, vn. to squint
Bigne, sf. a bunch
Bigoriie, .*/. an anvil
Bigorncau, sm. little rising an-
vil, periwinkle
Bigot, H. a. s. a bigot, hypocrite
Bigoterie, sf. bigotry
Bijou. .<iii.jr,vil, praty seat. —
Petit hijuu Lttle darling
Bijouterie, ."f. jewellery, toys
Bijoutier, sm. toyman, virtuoso
Bill, a bill in parliomrnt
Bilan^ account-book
Bilboquet, sm. a catch; cup and
ball
Bile, sf. rholer, bile, gall
— , (colere) anger, passinn
Biliaire, 2. a. bilious
Bilieux, se. bilious, choleric
Billard, sw. billiard, the mass, a
billiard table
Billarder, V7i. to * strike a ball
twice
Bille, sf. billiard-ball, taw, pack-
er's stick, rolling-pin
Billebarer, va. to checker
Billebaude, sf. confusion, bustle
Biller, va. to * pack with a pack-
stick
Billet, sm. note, ticket, billet,
bill, ballot
— de lotterio, lottery ticket
— doux, love litter
— de baiiquo, bank vote
Billelte, .<;/. a sign at a toll; bill-t
I Billfcvesce, idle trash
Billion, sm. thousand millions
Billon, bad coin
Billonnage, debasing the coin
Billonnement, putting off bad
coin
Billonner, vn. to * put off bad
coin
Pillonnetir, .im. forger
Billot, billet; wedge; cudgel,
block
Bimbelot, a toy
24
BIZ
BLA
BOB
Biinbeloterie, sf. toy trade
Bimbeiotier, sm. a toy-man
Biiiard, a large cart
Biuaire, 2. a. binanj
Biiiement, sm. digging again
Biner, ra. to * dig again
Binet, sm. a sace-all
BLographe, biographer
Biographic, sf. biography
Bipede, 2. a. biped; with tico
feet
Biqiie, sf. a she-goat
Biquet, sm. a kid; scale to weigh
gold
Biqueter, vn. to kid
Biqueter, vn. to weigh money
with a money-scale
Bireme, sf. a ship icith two rows
of rowers on each side
Biretle, a kind of cap
Biribi, sm. a game of hazard
Bis, e. a. brown
Bis, int. encore, over again
Bisaieul, great grandfather
Bisaieule, sf. great grandmother
BLsbille, sf. qaarrei, discussion
Biscornu, e. a. ill-shaped, odd
Biscoiin, sm. sugar-cake
Biscuit, biscuit
Bise, sf. north-east wind
Biseau, sin. cut of a diamond,
kissing-crust
Biseigle, a ruler
Biser, vn. to * grow brown
Biset, sm. stock-duce
Bisetie, sf. narrow lace
Bisetlitire, narrow lace-maker
Bison, sm. a sort of wild oz; al-
so buffalo (,/a heraldry)
Bisiiuains, horse-cloths
CisTjue, sf. bisk, cullis, odds
Bissac, sm. a wallet
Bissexte, bissextile
Histouri, sm. incision knife
Bistre, sf. bistre; prepared soot
Bitter, c«. to bit a cable
Biluine, sm. bitumen
Bituinmeux, se. a. — noiis
Biviaire, -. meeting of two roads
Bivoie, .•*/. parting of a road
Bivouac, sm. extraordinary
night-guard
Bivonaquer, vn. to pa^s the
night without shelter
Bizurrej 2. a. fantastical^ old
Bizarrement, ad. fantastically
Bizarrerie, sf. fantasticalness
oddntss, whim, caprice
Blafard, e. a. wan, pale
Blaireau, sm. a badger
Biamable, 2. a. blameable
Blame, vn. blame, fault
Blamer, va. to blame; reprimand
Blanc, be, a. white, clean, blank
clear
Blanc-sign6, sm. carte- blanche
Blanc-manger, a blank manger
Bianc-bec, a Tweice
Biilet-blanc,d blank
Blanc, a mark at shooting; i
break; a blank; white slice of
tJie breast of a fowl
Blanc, whiting
Blanchaille, sf. young fry
Blanchatre, 2. a. whitish
Blanche, sf. minum
Bianchement, ad. cleanly
Blancherie, sf. whitster's field
Blaiicliet, sm. undcr-waist-coat
, printer^ s blanket
Blancheur, sf. whitcne.^s
Blanchiuit^nt, sm. bleaching; a
wash j'or siloer
Blancliir, r. to whiten, dear,
* grow gray: blanch, roask
— ail soleil, to bleach
Elanchissage, sm. washing,
whitening, bleaching
Blancliissant, e. a. whitish
Blanchisserie, sf. whitening-
yard or field
Blancliisseur, sm, whitstcr,
bleacher
Blancliisseuse,;^/. washer-woman
Blaiuiices, pi. cajoling, fiattery
Blanque, blank totttry
Blanquette, sf. drticate sort of
z^hit^ wine; sort of pear; white
fricassee
Blaser, v. to dry up; * bum
Se — , /o impair one's health by
hard drinking
Blazon, sm.heraldry,blazan, arms
Blasonnement, blazonry
Blasonncr, va. to blazon, traduce
Blasonneur, sm.blazoncr, blazer
BlaspliematL'ur, blasphemer
Blasphematoire, 2. a. blasp/ie-
mons
Blaspheme, sm. blasjihewy
.Blasphemer, p. to blaspheme
I B atier, sm. com factor
! Biavet, com-fiower, or blue bo'
tie
Ble, ou bled, com, wheat
Bleche, 2. u. s. weak, silly
Blt'Hie, 2. a. wan, pale
Bleiiiir, r;i. to '' grow pale
Bleuiissement, sm. paleness
Blereau, cid. Blaireau
Blesser, va. to * hurt, wound, oj
fend, stain
Se — , vr. to miscarry, to * be oj
fended
Blessure, sf. wound, bruise, inj\
ry
Blet, te, a. half rotten
Bielte, sf. blit, or blils
Bleu, e. a. sm. blue
Bleuatre, 2. a. bluish
Bleuir, va. to * make blu
Blinder, to cover with blinds
Blindes, sf.pl. blinds
Bl'JC, sm. ragged marble, block
lump
Blocage, ou Uocaille, sm. rui
bish, shards
Blocus, sm. blockade
Blond, e. a. s. fair, flaxen
Blond ardent, red as a carrot
Blonde, sf. blond lace; fair toi
man
Blonciin, sm. a beau
Blondine, sf. a fair girl
Bloiulir, vn. to * grow fair
Blondissant, ante, o. yellow
gohUn
Bloquer, ra, to block up, fill up
Blot, sm. log-line
Blotlir, se biottir, to lay squat
Blouser, ra. to * Uirow a ball in
to the hazard
— se blouser, to fall into a mis
take
Bluet, sm. a blue-bottle, or co<K*
flower
Bliiette, sf. little spark
Blutenu, 5/11. a bolter
Bkiter, va. to bolt, sift
Binttrie, sf. bolting-room
Bliiloir, sm. a boltirr; .<neve
Bol>eche, sf. cnndUstick' s 8oc\0%
Bobine, a bobbin, quill
Bobiner, va. to wind silk, i$-e*
Bcbuiei'.ses, .'f. windert
BOM
Boho, sm. small ailment^ hurt
Uoca^e, a grove thicket
IJocager, e. a. rural
IJocal, sin. a jug
Bodiiie, sf. keel of a ship
Bodruche, thin parchment
Hoote, vid. Boite
BiBiif, sm. an oz, beef
Boeuf, a la mode, alamode beef
Bogue, sf. the rough prickly shell
of chssnuts
Boifue, sm. sort of sea fish
Boheiuien, ne. s. a gipsy
Boire, va. to * drink, soak, blot
Boire, vn. to * put up with an
affront
^, sm. drink, drinking
BoLs, wood; deer's horns
chahli.--, chablish
taillis, a copse
de cliarpente, timber
de lit, a bedstead
Boisage, timber, wainscot
Bois6, e. wainscotted
Boisor, va. to wainscot
Boiserie, sf. wainscot
Boiseux, se. a. woody
Boisiltier, sm. hewer of wood
Boisseau, a bushel
Boissel^e, .sf. bushel-full ; as
much ground as a bushel of
wheat, S,-c. can sow
Boisselier, sm. a turner
BoUson, sf. drink
Boite, fit time to drink new wine
Boite, "a box
de inontre, watch-case
de presse, hose
a fusil, tinder-box
a pond re, powder-box
Boitenient, mn. halting
Bolter, vn. to * go lame, limp
Boiteiix, se. a. s. lame, cripple,
limping
Boitier, sm. surgeon's case; box
of jeiDcl.t; case-maker
Bol, on Bolus, a bolu.i
Bo! d' Arm6nie, bole ammoniac
Boinbance, sf. eating; riot
Bombarde, a bombard [mcnt
Bomliardeimiit, sm. bombard-
Bombardi.r, va- to bombard
Bombardier, sm. — dier
Boiiibasin, hombazeen
Bornbe, sf. a bam^
BOR
Bombement, sm. bunching out
Bomber, va. to swell
Bon, sm. promise, acceptance,
bonus
Boii,ne.«. good, kind, brave,skil-
ful, excellent
Bon air, good luck, grace
Bon-mot, sm. witticism, jest
Bon, int. pshaw !
— , sm. good, clear, the cream
— , ne. sf. dear honey
— , ad. well
Bonace, sf. calm, calmness
Bonasse, 'i.a. sillily good-natured
Bonbonniere sf. box for sweet-
meats
Bonbon, sm. dainties
Bond, rebound; gambol; skip
Bonde, sf. sluice, fiood-gate;
bung, bung-hole
Bondir, vn. to frisk, rebound
Bondissant,e. a. skipping
Bondissement, sm. frisking
de coeur, a rising of the sto-
mach
Bondon,bung,stopple,b2mg-hole
Bondonner, va. to bung, stop
Bondonniere, sf. cooper's tool
Bondr6e, a bird of prey
Bonheur, sm. happiness, good
luck, blessing
Bonhomie, sf. good-nature
Bonifier, va. to improve
Bonification, sf. improvement
Bonne fortune, good adventure;
lady's favours
Bonneau, sm. buoy
Bonnement, ad. honestly well
Bonnes, sf. pi. trumps
Bonnet, sm. a cap, bonnet
nonnetade,s/. capping, cringing
Honneter, va. to * cap, cringe
IJonneterie, sf hosier's business
Bonneleur, sm. sharper
Bonnetier, cap-maker, hosier
Bormette, sf. a bovnrt of a sail
Bonte, goodnrss, kindness
Bonze, sm. bonze, chat
l!o(|iieteau, sm. a little wood
Boquilloii,rt paltry tcoad cleaver;
.shirt. I ice
Borax, borax
Bord, edge, brim, brink, shore
Bord a bord, ad. Itvd, even with
Bqr(\ fnavire,) ship; board
HOT
25
Bordage, side planks of a ship
Bordaver, vn. to traverse, sail
Borde, sm. hem, edge, lack
Bordee, sf. broadside, tack
Border, va. to edge, to border,
lace
Bordereau, sm. note, account
Bordure, sf. frame, edge, border
Bor6al, e. a. northern
Bor6e, sm. north wind
Borgne, 2. a. one-eyed
Borgne, one-eyed man
Borgnesse, sf. one-eyed woman
Borgnibus, sm. a tall one-eyed
man
Bornage, setting bounds
Borne, sf. a bound; limit; mile-
stone; post
Born6, e. a. shallow, small, nar'
row
Borner, va. to bound, limit, end
Se— , vr. to * keep within bounds
Bornoyer, va. to look over a sur-
face with one eye
Bosphore, sm. — rus; streights
Bosquet, thicket, grove
Bossage, embossment
Bosse, sf. bunch on the body; re-
lievo; bruise; knot; lump
Bosselage, sm. arelicvo; cmbosg'
ing
Bosseler, va.to* work in relievo
Bosselure, */. crimpling
Bosseman, sm. boatswain
Bossette, sf bridle-stud, boss
Bossu, e. a. s. hunch-backed
Bossuel, sm. a scented tulip
Bossuer, va. to bruise, batter
Bot, sm- a boat
Bot, pied bot, lame of one foot
Botani(iac, sf. botany
— ,'2. fi. botanic, botanical
I?oranifte, sm. botanist
Botanologie, .sf. hotnnology
Botte, boot; bunch; thrust: bot-
tle; step of a coarh
Bol'os, pi. clod.s of dirt
Bntfelaire, sm. bottling of hay
BottrliT, i"i. to bottle hay
Borti'!<-ui', .sill, viukcr of hay into
bottles
Botter. va. * make boots, * put
boots on
Se — , vr. to * pt't one's boots on,
to clog one's shoeif
BOU
BOU
B(3U
RoUi le, sf. jo:kcy-boot, bicskin
IJouc, Sill, k -jroat ; Icathrn bud-
get; S loo "11
Boucanar, oa. to s.-nokc, dry by
smoki
^—, to hunt ox>:n.
^^oucanier, sm. buccanier
Boucajiiii, bo:cassine
Boucaat, a kin I of hogshead
Bo jche, sf th". mouth
Bouche i, 'mouthful, morsel
Boucher, m. to * stop up, * shut
Boucher, sn. a butzher
Bouchere, sf. but:h:r-uioman
Bouclierie, shambls, butuh-ry
1 oucheture, fence, enclosure
Pouche-trou, sm. pin-basket
Douchoir, lid of an oven
Bouchon, stopple, cork, bu^h
Bouchoiiiie, sf. darling, honey
Bouchonner, va. to rub with a
joisp, rumple
Boacle^sf. buckle; knocker; curl;
ring
d'oreille, ear-ring
Bouclement, sm. ringing
Boucler, va. to * buckle; * ring;
* make an end of; to curl
Bouclier, sm. buckler, shield
Boucon, sn poison, gudgeon
Bonder, vn. to pout, look gruff
Bouderie, sf. pouting. — lis out,
toujoursquelque bouderie. tAey
arc always wrangling
Boudeur, se. s. who^pouts; sullen
Boudin, s.'H. black pudling
Boudiae, sf. middle knot in a
glass pane
Boudinier, ^tj. pudding- maker
Boudiiiiere.s/ a little funnel
Boudoir, sm. a closet where one
retires to * be alone
Roue, sf. dirt, matter
Bou6c, a buoy
Boueur, sm. dustman; scavenger
Boucux, se, a muidy, miry
Boutruit, e. piling
Bouffee, •?/. puff; blast; slight fit
BoutTer va. to puff; * be sullen-
ly angry
BouflTette, sf. car-knot of narrow
riband
Bouffir. va to hloat, * puff up
B'>Mtfi'iii<iTC,.*f.sw':Uing,targrncy
Bouffon, ne. a. » jocose; buffoon
BoulToaer, va. to droll; j.^st
BouSijniierie, a/, buffoonery
Bouge, sm. a loigj
, the middit of a cask
, a budget, or bag
, sort of pear
Bougeoir, fiat wax-candlc-stick
Bouger, vn. to budge, stir
Bougette, sf. budget, or bag
Bougie, a waz-candle; bougee
Bougier, va. to sear with a waz-
candle
Bougouner,rn.fo >nuttsr, be surly
Bougran, sm. buckram
Bouillajit, e. a. hot, hasty
Bouihi, sm. boiled mrat
Bouillie, s/. thick milk, pap
BouiUir, vn. to boil; toork
Bouilloire, sf. boiler, kettle
Bouillon, sm. broth; gust of pas-
sion; seething up; puff; bub-
ble; froth
Bouilloa-blauc, mullein (a plant)
Bouilloueinent, bubbling up,
ebullition
Bouilloiuier, vn. to bubble up,
gush out
Boulanger, vn. to bake
, sm. a baker
BoulaugJre, sf. baker's wife
Boulaugeric, baking, bakehouse
Boule, a bowl, ball
Bouleau, s.n. a birch-tree
Bouler, vn to pout, as pigeons
do, to swell
Boulet, sm. a bullet, bati
Boulelte, sf. a little ball
Boulevard, 5/rt. bulwark, fortress
Roii\eversiiiaetil,totaJ.ovcrthrow,
disorder
Bouleverser, va. to * overthrow
Boulcux, sm. laborious man;
short thick horse
Bouli, a tea-pot
Boulier, a fishing-net
Bouliniie, sf. bulimy, hunger
Boulin, sm pigeon's cove; put-
luck, scaffolding pole
Bouliue, sf. bouline, tack
Rouliiier, en. tack aJiout. shift
Bmiliii'iur, sm. a camp tJiicf
{^^^\\\'\\ignl\,bowling-grecn;grass
plot
Boulinicr, a ship that * goes with
a side wind
Boulon, iron pin, st.il-yard
weight
Bouloiiner, va. to fasten; to pin
down
Bouque, sf a straight passage
Bouquer,pn.to truckl.; buckle to
Bouquet, sm. a nost gay
Bouquetier. a fiow-rput
Bouquetiere, sf. nusegay-wo:nun
Bouquetin, sm. a wild goat
Bouquin, old hc-goat- i^ch r.^
De vieux bouquins, old books
Bouquiner, vn. to hunt after old
books; to couple as a hare
Bouquiuerie, sf. a heap of quo
tations from old books
Bouquineur, sm. book-worm
Bouquinisle, second-hand book-
seller
Bouracan, barracan
Bouracanier, barracan-maker
Bourasque, sf. sudden storm, a
caprice
Bourbe, mud, mire
Bourbelier,s/n.ic/W boar's breast
Bourbeu.x, se. a. muddy, miry
Bourbier, sm. slough, plung
BourbiUon, matter from a sore
Bourcelte, sf. corn salad
Bourdaloue, sm. hatband
Bourde, sf. sham, fib, fun
Bourder. vn. to fib, tell stories
Bourdnur, se. s. a fibber
Bourdillon, sm. cleft wood to
make casks
Bourdon, drone, staff
Bourdonnant, e. a. buzzing
Bourdonne, e. a. pometty
Bourdonnement. sm humming,
buzzing, murmuring [buzi
Bourdonner, vn. hum; mutter;
Bourdonnet, sm. lint
Bourg, a country town
Bourgade, sf. a little town
Bourgage, sm. burgage
Bourgeois, burgess, citizen; com
moner
, e. a. fit for a citizen
Burgeoiso, sf. citizen's wife
Bfjurgeoiseinent, ad. citizen like
Bourgeoisie,.?/. /reet/ow of a city,
th' citizens
Bourgeon, sm. a bud, a pimple
Bourgeon ner, vn to bud, * shoot
Bouigm'-'Stre, *-/i. burgomaster
tJOU
Bounju6pine, sf. buckthorn
Bourrache, bor ige
Bourradc, beatings cuff
Bourrasque, sudden storm; ca-
price [stuff
Hourre, wad^ coto's hair; siUij
Bourreau, sin. executioner; but-
cher, tormentor
Bourree, sf. chat-wood, bavin
', (danse,) a boree
Bourrelel, sm a pad, hood
Bourrellier, hamess-malur
Bourrellenient, sm. torture; re-
morse
Bourreller, va. to torment, rack
Bourrellerie, sf. racking- pain
Bourrer, va. to pad; ravi; abuse
Bourriclie, */. a basket in which
game is sent
Bouriier, e- a. made of cow's
hair, S,-c.
Boiirritjiie, sf. ass, ass's colt
Bourriquet, sm. hand barrow;
ass's colt
Bourru, e. a. morose, cross
Bourse, sf. a pur.te; a pod; an
exchange, vesicle, bug
Boursette, small purse
Boursier, sm. treasurer, purse-
maker, burser
Boursiller, vn. to * make a ga-
thering
3<iursoii, sm a fuh
Hoursoufler, va. to bloat, * puff
IjoursoiilHatie, sm. Boursouliluio,
sf. ."fwrlling, pumpositij
Bousaid, ou Uouzurd, */«. deer's
dung
House, sf. cow's dung
Bousilla2:e, sm. a mud wall ;
dahhling '
Bouoillcr, va.* make a mud wall,
to spoil a wot k
Bousilleur, sm. mud-wall, or dab-
bler
Bousqiiier, vn. to plunder
Boussoie, sf compaxs, guide
Bout, .'tm. end, tip, nippl, chape,
button, heel-piece, ferrule, but
Bout d'aile, sm. pinion
Bouts, rimes, pi rhymes
Bout sai^ueux, neck of mutton,
scrag
Boutade, */ freak, whim; spirt,
eagerness
BRA
Boutadeux, se. a. whimsical
Bout-en-train, sm. decoy bird,
merry companion
Boute-t'eu, gunner; linstock; in-
cendiary, firebrand
Boule-tout-cuire, sm. a spend-
thrift
Bouteillage, butlerage
Bouteille, sf. a bottle
, (vessie d'eau,) bubble
Bouteiller, sm. butler
Bouter, va. to * put; pare off
Boutique, sf. shop; implements,
stall, trunk
Boutiquier, s^n. shopkeeper
Boutoir, snout, buttress
Bouton, button; bud, pimple
Boutonner, va. to button; bud,
* break out
Boulonnerie, sf. button-ware
Boutonnier, S(n. button-maker
Boutonniere, sf. buttonhole
Bouture, slip of a tree, sucker
Bouvart, sm. young bull
Bouverie, sf. a cow-house
Bouvet, sm. a plane
Bouvier, e. s. cowherd, clown,
Bootes
Bouvillon, sm. bullock
Bouvrenil, bullfinch
Boyar, a Russian nobleman
Boyau, a gut, bowel
, branch of a trench [ker
Boyaudier, sm. fiddle-string via-
Bracelel, a bracelet
Braclier, va. to brawl
Brachial, e. a. brachial
Bracliinane, sm. bramm, Ocntoo
priest
Bracoiiner, va to poach
HracoMiiicr, sm. a poacher
Brai, pitch and tar niixt
Uraie, sf. vurscry-linen
Wriuis, pi. trowscrs
Brailiuid, e. a. s. bawling noisy
prson
Braiiler, vn. to bawl
Braillciir, se. 5. bawler, scold
BraieiiKUil, .•?»/!. biuyingof anass
Braire, vn. to bray a.f an ass
Braise, sf. live coal: small coal
Braoier, sm trou^'h
Biau, coarsest bran
Bran, int pshaw
Brancard, sm. a litter, shaft of
BRA
27
a coacb; hand-barrow; ckaiv
man's horse
Brancardier, a Ittcr-dricer
Brancliaf^e, branches, boughs
Branche, sf. branch, bough; stick
of a Roman balance
Brancher, va. to * hang on a tree
, vn. to perch
Brancliier, sm. a brancher
Brancliu, e. a. branchy
Brande, sf. heath, bough
Brandebourg, sm. surtout
Biandevin, sm. brandy
Brandevinier, e. s. sutler
Brandillenient, sm. swinging
Brandiller, 7;a. to swi»is, see-saw
Brandilloire, sf. a sicing
Brandir, ra. to brandish,* stop;
strengthen
Brandon, sm. a firebrand; wisp
of straw
Brandonner, va to nail wisps of
straw at the door of a seized
inheritance
Branlant, e. a shaking
Bianle, sm.jogeint^; hammock
Branlenient, jogging; motion,
pushing
Brani^r, v. to jog; * shake; wa-
ver,* give ground, tott':r, move
Branleur, se s. shower
Beanloiie, s/. sioivg: sec-saw
Braque, sm. a setting-dog
Braqueniart, n cutlass
Biaqiienieni, pointing a cannon
Braquer, va. to point, to turn a
carriage \dle
Bras, sm. arm, chiw, sconce, Aan-
Brasff, vr. to .'â– old'r
Brasier, sm. coal-fire; a great
clear fire: pun for coals
Brasiller, va. to broil
Biasure, sf soldering
Brassage, sm. coining fees
1 Brassart, brassets; bracers
' Brasse, .<?/. a fathom
Prassee, an arm/id
I Brassei, va. bnw, mix; devise
j Brasserie, sf. u brrwhouse
' Brasseur, se. s u brncer
Brassieres, sf. night-waistcoat
Brassin, ."m brewir'.'.- copper
Pravache, a swaggerer, bully
Bravade, sf hectoring
I Brave, ^ a. s. brave, spruc«
28
BRE
BRl
BRO
Bravemenl, aJ. stoutly, finely
Braver, va. to brave, bully
Braverie, sf. finery
Bravoure, valour, courage
Bravoures, yZ. high, feats
Brayer, va. to pitch
Brayor, sm. a truss, pamiel
Brayes, sf. pi. children's clouts
Brayette, afiap
Breant, sm. a siskin
Brebiage, taz on sheep
Brebis, sf. a sheep, ewe
Breclie, breach; gap, notch
Brechedent, -2. a. s. toothless
Brecliet, sm. brisket
Brecin, sm. iron hook
Bredi-breda, stupid, noisy chat
Bredouille, sf. double points at
French backgammon
Bredouillement, sm. stammering
Bredouiller, vn. to stammer
Bredouilleur, se. s. stammerer
Bref, ve. a. brief, short
, ad. in short, shortly
, sm. a brief, calendar
Brehaigne, 2. a. barren
Breland, sm. a gaming-house
, sort of game at cards
Brelander, vn. to game
Brelaadier, sm. a gamester
Brclandinicr, e. s. a dealer who
sells in stalls
Breliquebreloque, ad. heedlessly
Brelle, sf. a raft
Breloque, a gewgaw, toy
Breluche, thread and worsted
stuff
Breme, a bream (fish)
Br6sil, sm. Brr.zil wood
Bresille, e. a. friable
Bresiller, va. to * cut small, to
dye with Brazil wood
Bresillet, sm. Brazil wood
Lf'tailler, vn. to tilt
Brelailleur, sm. a tiller, bully
Bretaiuler, ra. to * crop
r.retelle, sf. a strap; handle
Brclte, a rapier, long sword
Brette, p.. toothed, notched
Bretteur, smi a bully, hector
Brftture, .*/. teeth of tools
Breve, a short syllable
Brevet, sm. warrant, commission,
indenture; bill of lading;
charm, spell
Brevetaire, bearer of the king
warrant for a church prefer-
ment
Breveier, va. to * give a warrant
Briiviaire, sm. a breviary; bre-
vier
Breuvage, drink, potion, drench,
beverage
Bribe, sf. a scrap, lump
Bricole, bricole; rebound; back
stroke, tail
Bricoler, vn. to * toss sideways
Bride, sf. bridle, stay, loop
Brider, va. to bridle, curb, tie
fast
Bridoir, sm. britfle on a woman's
head-dress
Bridon, a snaffle, a bit
Brief, ve. a. quick, short
Brievement, ad. briefly
Brievete, sf. brevity, shortness
Brifer, va. to guttle, claw off
Brifeur, se. s. a guttler
Brigade, sf. brigade, troop
Brigadier, sm. brigadier
Brigand, highwayman; extor-
tioner; aristocrat
Brigandage, robbery
Brigander, vn. to rob on the
highway
Brigantin, sm. brigantine
Brignoles, sf. pi. prunes
Brignon, sm. kind of plum
"rigue, sf. solicitation, cabil
riguer, va. to solicit, sue
rigueur, s/n. candidate
Briilant, e. a. shining, bright
— , sm. brightness; keen sense;
a brilliant
Brillanter, va. to * cut a dia-
mond into angles
Briller, vn. to * shine; sparkle,
glitter
Brimbale, sf. brake, handle of a
ship's pump
Brimbaler, va. to * set a going
Briniborions, sm.pl. baubles, toys
Brin, sm. bit; sprig; slip; stick
Hrinde, sf. a toast; a health
Brioche, sort of nice cake, briosh
Briou, sm. moss on trees
Brlque, sf. a brick
Briquet, sm. a steel
Briquetage, bricks; brick-work;
brick-like
Briqueter, va- to * make brick
like
Briqueterie, sf. brick-kiln
, brick-making
Briquetier, sm. brick-maker
Bris, wreck; breaking open
Brisans, sm. pi. breakers, shelve*
Brisanl, sm. shelf; blind
Brise, sf. a breeze
Brisees, sf. pi. tracks in hunting
Brise-fer, sm. a very strong fe/
Brise-glace, starling [lou
Brise-vent, shelter
Brise-cou, break-neck place
Brise-raison, noisy chatterer
Brisenie.nt, dashing; rendering
Briser, va. to * break; * split
dash; bruise; * rend; destroy
* fall out
Se briser, vr. * break; fold up
Briseur, sm. breaker
Brisoir, a brake for flax
Brisque. sf. brisque (game 9
caids)
Brisure, sf. rebatement
Britaunique, 2. a. British
Broc, sm. a leathern jack; f
great jug
Brocanter, v. to be a broker
Brocaiiteiir, a', a broker
Brocard, sm. brocade; taunt
brocket
Brocarder, vn. to taunt; * nip
Brocardeur, se. s. a taunter
Brocaielle, sf. linsey-woolsey
Broccoli, sm. brocoli
Broche, sf.spit; knitting-Tieedle,
faucet; stick, peg, puncher;
stem
Broch6e, spit-full
Broclier, va. to * knit, * stitch;
* do in a hurry; * work with
gold, silk, S,-c. to * stick; fasten
Brochet, sm. a pike
Broclietoii, a small pike
Brochette, sf. a skewer
Brocheter, va. to meeisure the
linbs and side planks of a
ship; to pin on
Broclieur, se. 5. a knitter
Brochoir, sm. smith's shoeing
hammer
Brochure, sf. a pamphlet
Brode,e.fl. embroidered; streaked
Brodequin, sm. buskin; the boot*
BRO
BUB
BUR
29
K<loder, va. to embroider; ro-
mance
rroderie, sf. embroidery; ro-
mancivg; knot [ter
Bpodeur, se. s. embroiderer, spot-
Brodoir, sin. a bobbin
Bfonchade, sf. stumbling'
Broncheinent, sm. failure
Broncher, va. to ^tumble; * trip
Broncliial, e. a. bronchial, of Ike
limgs
Bronchotomie, sf. —tomy
Bronze, 2. s. bronze, brass
Bronzer, va. to bronze
Broquart, sm. a brocket
Broque, vid. Broccoli
Broquette, sf. a tack
Brossailles, pi. brus/ies, briers
Brosse, a brush, pencil
Brosser, va. to brush
——, vn. to brush along-
Brossier, sm. a brush-maker
Brouee, sf. fog; mist
Brouet, sm. boiled milk; gruel,
thin broth
Brouette, 5/. wheel-barrow, pal-
try coach [man
Brouettier, sm. wheel-barrow-
Brouhaha, clapping
Brcuillamiui, hotch-potch
Brouillard, mist; day-bouk
Brouiller, va. to shuffle, * mix to-
gether, embroil, pcrplrx, jum-
ble, * set at variance
Se— , vr. to fall out, * be out, *
be overcast
Brouilleiie, sf. broil, (/uarrcl
Brouilleiies, small trinkets
Brouillon, sm. foul coj>y; day-
book; marplot
Brouillon, ne. a. s. shuffling, bu-
sy-body
Brouir, va. to blast
Brouissenient, sm. a rattling
Brouissure, sf. blight, blast
Broussaillcs, sf. pi. brambles
Broussin, sm. excrescence
Brout, browze-wood; green shell
of walnuts
Brouter, va. to browse
Bromines, sf. sprigs, trifles
Broye, a brake for flax
Broyement, sm. pounding
Broyer, va.to * grind, pound,
bray
Broyeur, sm. grinder
Broyon, a hrayer
Bru, sf. a son's wife
Riuant, sm. yellow hammer
Brugnon, a nectarine
Bruine. sf. rime; hoar frost
Bruiner, vn. to drizzle
Bruire, to roar, bustle, * ring
again
Bruissement, sm. roaring
Bruit, a noise, report, uproar,
quarrel, fame
Brulant, e. a. burning, hot, eager
Briile, sm. burning
Brulemeat, burning, fire
Bruler,«a.fo * burn, scorch, blast
Bruleur, sm. incendiary
Bru lot, a fire-ship
Brulure, sf. a burning, blast
Brumal, e. a. winterly
Brume, sf. a fog at sea
Brumeux, se. a. foggy, misty
Brun, e. a. brown, dusky; dun
— , sm. brown colour
— , e. brown man or woman
Brunei, le. a. brownish
, sm. a brown youth
Brunette, .tf. a brown girl
Brunir, v. to burnish, to turn
brown
Brunissage, sm. burnishing
Brunisseur, a burnisher
Brunissoir, burnishing-stick
Brunitisure, sf. polishing
Bruse, knee-holly
Brusque, 2. a. blunt; over hasty
Brusquemeiit, ad. bluntly; has-
tily
Brusqucr, va. to affront
Brusquerie. sf. rudeness
Brut, e. a. rough; brute
Brutal, e. brutish, rude
— , sm. churl; blunt; brute
Brut!i\em(i]it,ad. inconsiderately,
rudely, clownishly
Brulaliser, va. to use roughly
Brutalite, sf. —Uty, rashness
Brute, a. s. brute, brutish
Bruyant, e. a. blustering, roar-
ing
Bruyere, sf. heath: a sort of
German wool
Buanderie, a wash-house
Buandiere, a washer-woman
Bube, a pimple, blister
Bubon, sm. bubo, blotch
Buccinateur, a trumpeter
Buccine, sf. a cornet
Bucentaure, sm. bucentaur
Bucephale, Bucephalus
Buche, sf. billet; blockhead
Bucher, sm. wood-pile, wood-
house, funeral pile
, va. to fell wood
Bucheron, sm. wood-cleaver^ or
seller
Buchette, sf. stick
Bucolique, a pastoral poem
, 2. a. bucolic, rural
ButTet, sm. buffet, side-board, ta-
ble; set of plate
Buffeter, va. to suck wine out of
a peg-hole
Bufleteur,sm.o7ie who sucks wine
out of a peg-hole
Bulfetier, buff'eteer; who stands
at the side table; hence, by cor-
ruption, the English word
beef-eater
Buffetin, a buff coat
Buffle, buffalo; buff'-skin; block-
head; buff coat
Butlietin, a young buffalo
Bugle, sf. bugle
Buglose, bugloss
Buire, ou buie, a flagon
Buis, sm. box, box-tree
Buisserie, sf. boards to make
hogsheads with
Buisson, sm. bush, thicket
Buissonnet, little bush
Buissonnier, e. a. truant
Bulbe, sf. a scallion
Bulbeux, se. a. bulbous
Bullaire, .<i7n. collection of bulls
Bulle, sf. a bull, bubble
Bulletin, sm. ballot, certificate of
health, billet
Buraliste, a receiver of duties
Burat,s»t. a coarse kind of cloth
Bure, sf. a coarse kind of cloth
Bureau, sm. office; law; court;
factory ;bench-committee;scru-
toire; kind of coarse cloth
Burette, sf. cruet for oil, crystal
bottle
Burin, sm. a graver
Buriner, va. to engrave
Burlesque, .sm. a ludicjrovs looy
of writing
;o
CAR
CAD
GAL
, 2. a. bbrl,:$que, mock
UurlesqufiiK'iif, ad. comically
Bursal, e. a. p'-cuniary
Busard, sm a huzz ir,i
Busc, sm. busk, whalcbove
Buse, sf. buzzard, a ninny
Busquer, va. to pursue; to stiff-
en; to prop
Buste, sm. a bust
But, a but; mark; jack; aim;
design
But a but, ad. even hands
Buter, vn. * hit the mark, aim at
Se buter, vr. to dash, be * fixed
Bulin, 5/71. booty, spoil, prize
Butiner, va- to pillage, plunder
Butireux, se. a buttery
Butor, sm. a bittern, a lob
Butorde, sj. a stupid woman
Butte, hillock, mark, point
Buyable, 2. a. drinkable
Buvetier, sm. a publican
Buvette, sf. a tavern, a drink-
ing bout
Buveur, so. s. tippler, toper
Buvotter, vn. to * sip, tipple
Bysse, sm. byssvs, pecious cloth
c
CA, inf. come on
ca, nn abbreviation of cola,
5 ' that; ca ira, that will do
ca &c la, ad. hither, up and down
Cabale. sf. a cabal, dub
Cabalt^r, vn to ca'>al
Cabalcur, sm. a entailer
rabaliste, a cabalist
Cabalistique, 2. a. cabali.otic
Cabane, sf. cottage, cabin, till
Cabaret, s:n. public-house, tea-
board
Carbareiier, p. s. a publican
Cabas, sm. a frail, basket
Cahnstan, a capstan
Cabillaud. a cod, chub
Cabille. sf. dun, tribe
Cabinet, em closet, cabinet, sum-
mcr-hou.<^e, privy, study
CnhU', a cable
Cahieau, small cable [a cord
Cnhier, va. to twi.<t threads into
Cab«-)che, sf. a lirge-hcadr.d nail;
head; old nail
Caboclion, sm. precious stone
not * cut
Cabotage, coasting trade
Caboler, vn. to coast
Caliotior, sm. a coaster
Cabrer, o. to prance, irritate
Se — , to be refractory, to * fall
into a passion
C(!bri, sm a young kid
Cabriole, sf. a capriol; caper
Cabrioler, va. to caper
Cabriolet, soi. light low chaise
Cabrioleur, se. *. a caperer
Cabron, sm. a kid's skin
Cahrouet, a little cart
Cabus (clioux,) cabbage-head
Cacade, sf. sad balk, baffle
Cacao, sm. cocoa-nut
Cacaoyer, Cacaoiier, cocoa-tree
Cacaoyere, sf. place planted
icith cocoa-trees
Cache, lurking-bole
Cacliemenl, sm. hiding
Cacher, va. * hide, conceal, cover
Cachet, sm. seal, signet
Cacheter, va. to seal, sealing
Cacliette, sf. lurking-hole
Cachexie, cachexy
Cacliot, sm. a dungeon
Cachoterie, .«/. affectation; mys-
tery
CachoM, smcachoe, a kind of nut
Cacocliyme, 2. a. ill'complexion-
ed, ill-natured, cross
Cacochyniie, sf. cacochymy
Cacophonie, cacophony
Ca"la:-tre, sm. doomsday-book
Cadavcreux, se. a- cadaverous
Cadavre, sm. corpse, carca-is
Cadoau, a flourish, a feast
CaJenas, a padlock
Cadinassor, va. to padlock
Cadence, sf. cadence, harmony
Cadence, e. a. cadenced
Cailencer, vn. to cadence; quiver
Cadenetie, .«/. hair-tressed
Cadet, sm younger; novice
Cadette, .«/. younger sister
Cadi, sm. a judge among the
Turks
Cadis, o kind of serge
Cadole, .«/. a latch
Cadran, sm. a dial
solaire, sun-dial
Cadre, a picture-frame
Cadrer, va. lo quadrate, suit
Caduc, raduijue, a decayed,
frail, perishable
Caducee, sm. .Mircury's wand
Caducite, sf. dicay, craiinet
Catard, e. a s. hypocrite
* afarderie, sf. hypocrisy
Cafe,sm. coffee, coffa-house
Cafe tier, coffee- man
Cat'etieie, sf. coffee-pot
Catier, sm. coffee-tree
Ca^'e, sf. cage, jail
Cagnard, e. a. s. lazy, idle
Cagnarder, vn. to mump
Cagnardise, *â– /. laziness
Cagneux, se. a. bowlegged
Cagot, e. hypocrite; bigot; «
priest
Cagoterie, sf. hypocrisy
CagotLsme, sm. affected devotion
Cagou, an owl of a man
Cague, sf. Dutch fishing-boat
Caliier, sm. stitched book
Cahin-caha, ad. untowardly
Cahol, sm. a jolt of a coach
Cabotage, j(//«in or
Cahotef, v. tojoH, shake
Caliutte, sf. a hut, cottage
Caieu, vid. Cayeu
Caille, sf. a quail
Cai!l6. sm. curds and whf^y
Cailkbotle, sf. curds a»i whey
Caillebotte, e. a. curdled
Caillf bonis, sm. grating
Caillelait, rennet
Caillement, curdling of women^t
viilk
Caiiler, va. to curdle; coagulati
Cailleteau, sm. young quail
Cailletot, a young turbot
Cailietie, sf. rmnet, silly gossip
Caillot, sm. a clot of blood
— rosat, rose-water pear
Caillou, a flint, flint-stone
CailIoutage,y?»nt5, rockwerk
Caiman, an alligator
Caimand, a low beggar
Caimander, vn. to beg
Cajok-r. va. to cajole, whecdU.
Cajolerie, .?/. cajoling, coaxing
Cajoleur, se. s. wheedler, coazer
Caisse, sf. chest, ca^h; drum
Caissier, sm. a cashier
Caisson, sm. covered w<igo%
I Cal, callosity
CAL
CAM
CAN
31
C'alaison, sf. depth of a ship
(.'alaiiiiue, calamine; lapis ca-
laminaris
(^'alainite, — ty, misery, distress
•C'alauiiteux, se. a. calaviitous
Calandie, .«/. calender; weevil
<;alandrer, va. calender cloth
Calandieur, sm. a calender
Calcaire, 2. a. that may be reduc-
ed to chalk; calcareous, limy
Calc6doine, sf. chalcedony
Calcination, calcining
Calciner, va. to calcine
Calcu!, sm. calculation ; the stone
in the bladder
Calculable, 2. a. computable
Calculateur, S7n. accomptant
Ci\\cu\eT,vn.tocalculate,*castup
Calculeux, se. a. calculous
Cale, sf. wooden wedge ; creek ;
ducking ; ship's hold ; flat cap
Calebasse, a gourd
Caleche, calash; chariot
(/alecon,sm. drawers
Caleconnier, drawers-maker
Cal6faction, sf. — lion; beating
Calemar, sm. cuttle-fish; pencase
Caiembouig, a pun
Calendes, sf. calends ; convoca-
tion
— grecqucs, never
Calondrier, sm. a calendar
Gr6gorien, Oregorian ca-
lendar
Calenture, sf. burning fever
Calepin, sm. book of extracts
Caler, va. to lower (the sails)
Calfas, sm. calking, oakum
Calfat, a calker, calking
(l'a!fatag<>, calking of a ship
Culfator, ca. to calk, pitch
Calfatour, sm.. a calker
Calfaiin, calker's boy
< 'alfeulragc, stopping chivks
Calfputrer, va. to * stop chinks
Calib6, e. a. chalybeate, impreg-
nated with strcl
Calibre, sm. bore, size, sort
Calibrer, va. to dispart
Calico, sm. chalice, calix, cup
Califourclion, a califourchon
a.'itride
Caiigineux, se. a. gloomy
Calin, e. s. inzy beggar, booby
Caliiier, vn. to beggar
Se — , V?". to * sit, or rest like a
beggar or boohy
Calleux, se. a. callous, hard
Callosil6, sf. callosity, hardness
Calmande, callimanco
Calme, 2. a. calm, quiet, still
— , sm. calm at sea, calmness,
quietness, stillness
Calmer, va. to calm, appease,
quiet, still, pacify
Calomniateur, sm. calumniator,
slanderer
Calomniatrice, sf. calumniatrix;
slanderess
Calomnic, calumny, slander
Calomnier, va. to calumniate,
slander
Calomnieusement, ad. slander-
ously
Calomnieux, se. a. slanderous
Calotin, sm. a foppish clergyman
Calotine, sf. a grotesque work,
or figure
Calotte, leather-cap ; lampoon.
Calotlier, sm. leather-cap-maker
Calquer,zja. to chalk the outlines
Calvaire, sm. Calvary
Calvinisme, calvinism
Calviniste, 2. a. s. calvinist
Calvitie, sf. baldness
Calumet, sm. large Indian pipe
Calus, hard knob in the skin,
hardness of heart
Calyphe, oa calife, a caliph
Cama.'iea, precious stone, picture
of one colour
Camail, a camail, a capuchin
Camaklule, a kind of friars
Camaradc, a comrade, f( How
Camard, o. a. s.fiat-nosrd
Cambiste, sm. change broker-
Cambouis, coom,, grease
Cambrer, va. to vault, * bend
Se — , vr. to warp as wood
Cambrure, sf. bending
Cam6e, sm.. cameo
Cani616on, a chamdion
Camelol, camlet
Camelot6, e. «. woven like, camlet
Camelotine, sf. a kind of camlet
Cani6rinr, sm. chumhcrlain
Camerlingat, the pope's great
chamberlain's place
Camcrlinpue, the pope's great
I chamberlain
Camion, very small pin; caVs
claw, little cart
Caniisadu, sf. assault by right
Caimsiird,sm.fanatic,€nthusiast
Camisole, sf. uudtr-waistcoat
Camomile, chamomile
Camouflel, sm. pvff of smoke,
affront
Camp, a camp ; an army
Campagnaid, e. a. of the coun-
try, rustic
Campagnard, sm. a countryman,
a clown
Campagnarde, sf. a country wo-
man
Campagne, country ; campaign
Campane, o tuft, fringe
Campanclle, — nella
Campanette, blue-bell flower
Campanilie, steeple, belfry
Campechc, (bois de,) sm. log
wood
Canipement, encampment
Camper, v. to encamp, place
Camphre, sm. camphire
Camphi6, e. a. camphorated
Campine, sf. fine pullet
(Campos, sm. a play-day
Camus, e. a. flat-nosed, balked
Camuson, sf. flat-nosed girl
Canaille, the rabble, mob
Canal, sm. canal, channel, gut
tcr, pipe, ways, means
Caiiap6, a canopy-couch
Canapsa, a knapsack
Canard, mallard, water-dog
Canardcr, va. to pelt, * shoot
Canardiere, sf. a decoy
Caiiarie, sm. canary-bird
Cancel, chancel
Cancellaiioii, sf. rccission
Canceller, wa. to cancel ; rn-.c
Cancer, sm. a canker, cane.ir
Cancre, a crab-fish ; poor ; ^tin
Candolabre, a chandelier
(.'an(l(!ur, sf. candor, frankness
Caiidi, (sucre,) sm. sugar-can ly
Candidal, a candidate
Candide, 2. a. candid, sinrer
Candidcment, ad. sincerely
Cane, .</. a duck, coward
Canebir, va. to channil, chan<frr
Cancllat, S7n. sugar wortfCinna'
mon
CAP
CAP
CAU
Canelle, sf. cinnamon, a lap
Caudio, e. a. of a cinnamon co-
lour ; ckainfcred
Canelure, sf. cJiannelling, cham-
fer, fiutmgs
Cancpin, sm. fine shrep-skin
Caneter, vn. to waddle
Canetille, sf.gold orsilcerticist
Canetillcr, lui. to tic with twist
Caaeton, ^i. tiuckliug
Caiietto, sf. diir.kliiig
Caiievas, sm. cancass, rough
draught
Canictie, sf. spaniel bitch
Caniculaiies, (jours.) dog-days
Caiiicule, sf. dog-star, dog-days
Caiiif, sm. a penknife
Cajiin, e. a. canine
Canne, .<?/. canr, stick, measure
Canon, sm. cannon ; gun-barrel,
quill-barrel, cannon, gun,catch
CanoninI, e. a. canonical
Caiioaicat, sm. a prebend
Canoiiiquc, 2. a. canonical
Canoniijuement, ad. — cally
Canonistp, sm. a canonist
Canonisation, sf. —zation
Caiioniser, va. to canonize
Canoanade, sf. cannonade, can-
non-shot
Canoniiagc, sm. gunn ry
Canonner, va. to cannonade
Canonnior, sm. gunner
Cduonnicre,sf.vtbrasure;draiii-
holf, loop-hole
Canoi, sm. a small boat, canoe
Cantaic, sf. cnntata
Canlati;le, a little cantata
Canlharirle, Spanish fly
Cantine. a bottle-case ; a tavern
for soldiers
Cantique, sm. a canticle
Canton, nislrict; part of a town
Cantonncment, cantoning
Canlonncr, va. to canton
So—, rr. to fortify one's self
Cantonnirre, sf. canton ; addi-
tional curtain to a bed
Caunlc, sf. pipe, tube
Cap, sm. a cape
Capable, 2 a. capable, able, apt
Capablement, ad. skilfully
Capacity, sf. ability, skill, size
Caparasson, sm. caparison
Caparassonner, va. to caparison
Cape, sf. cape of a cloak, riding-
hood ; main- sail
Capelan, sm. a poor ignorant
priest
Capillaire, maiden hair
Capilotade, sf. a hash ; slander
Cajjitaine, sm. a captain
Capitainerie, */. government of
a ca.-:tle, office of a ranger
Capitainesse, ou capitaine, ad-
miral galley
Capital, e. a. capital, chief
, sm. main point ; stock
principal
Capilale, sf. chief city
Capitales, sf. pi. capital letters
Capilalement, ad. capitally, to
death
Capitan, sm. boaster, hector
— baclia, Turkish admiral
Capitane, sf. the admiral galley
Capitanie, captainry
Capitation, poll-tax
Capiteux, se. a. heady
Capitole, sm. capital
Capiton, silk welt
Capitoui, principal magistrate
of Toulouse
Capitiilaire, Q. a. of a chapter
Capitulairement, ad. chapterly
Capitulant, sm. member of a
chapter
Capitulation, sf. — tion, articles,
agreement
Capituler, vn. to capitulate, par-
ley [per
Capon, sm. idle school-boy; shar-
Caponner, vn. to * trick
Caponniere, sf. trench, lodgment
Caporal, sm. corporal
Capt>t, great coat, cloak
Capote,' s/. riding-hood ; cloak
C;\pre, a caper, m. privateer
Caprice, sm. whim, caprice
Se capricier, vr. to * take pet
Capricieuseinent, ad. — ciously
Capricious, se. a. capricious
Capriconie, sm. capricom
(^aprier, a caper-tree
Caprisant, (pouls) uneven pulse
Capsule, sf. a case
Captateur, sm. an inveigler
Captation, sf. inveigling
Captatoire, a. fraudulent de-
ceitful
Capter, va. to inveigle
Captieusetnent, ad. subtilely, do-
ccitfully
Captieux, se. a. deceitful, subtle,
sophistical
Capiif, ve. a. s. captive
Captiver, va. to captivate, eon-
fne
Cap'ivil6, sf. captivity, great
confinement
Capture, capture, booty, seizure
Capuce, sm. a cowl
Capuchon,ridtng-cloak; cowl
Capucin, capuchin-friar
Capucinade, .«/. a ridiculous ser
man
Capucine, capuchin-nun ; nai
turtium
Caquage, sm. barrelling up
Caijue, sf. a cag, barrel
Caque-denier,sm. pinch-farthing
Caquer, va. to barrel up
Caquct, sm. babbling, talk
Caqueter, vn. to chat, prattle
Caqueteur, sm. a great talker
Caqueteuse, sf. talkative gossip
Caqueierie, tittle-tattle
Caqueloire, a chair of rest
Caqut'ur, sm. he that guts her-
rings to barrel them
Car, c. for, because
Carabe, sm. yellow amber
CarRbin, carabimir ; rook
Catahinade, .<;/. a rook's trick
Carabine, a carbine
Carabiner, va. to fire and then
retreat ; to play the rook
Carabinier, sm, a carabineer
Caracol, en caracol, winding
round
Caracole, sf. caracol, or wheel
ing about
Caracoler, vn. to wheel about
Caracouler, to coo
Caractere, sm. character ; stile ;
humour; charm
Caract6 riser, va. to characterize
Caract6ristique, a. s. character-
istic
Carafe, sf. a flagon
Carafon, sm. an ice-pail
Carambole, sf. carambol
Caramboler, va. to carambol
Caramel, sm. barley-sugar
Caraque, sf. acarack
CAR
CAR
CAS
33
Carat, a carat
Caravaue, sf. a caravan
Caravaiiier, sm. leader of a ca-
ravan
Caravaniste, one belonging to a
caravan
Caravaiiserail, sm. caravansary
Carboncle, a plague; blotch;
ruby
Caibonnade, sf. a carbonade; a
rasher
Carcan, srn. necklace; iroji collar
C'arcasse, sf. carcass^ skeleton
Carcinoine, sm. — ?««, a cancer
Garde, sf. stalk of an artichoke
, a card
Cardee, two cards full of wool
Carder, va. to card wool
Cardeur, se. a carder
Cardialgie, .9/. heart-bum
Cardiaque, 2. a. s. cordial
Cardier, sm. a card-maker
Cardinal, e. a. cardinal
, sm. a cardinal
Cardinalat, cardinalship
Cardinale, sf. (p'.aiite) cardinal
Cardinaliser, va. to make a car-
dinal; to -paint red
Cardon, sm. cardoon-tkistle
Carenie, lent
Un careine, preiiaiu, a ridicu-
lous felluw
Car6nagc, .sm. carcening-place
Carene, sf. all the parts of a
skip under water
Gardner, va. to careen
Caressant, e. a. kind, flattering
Garcsse, sf. caresses, wheedle
Garesser, va. to caress, sooth
Gar^'aison, .of. a cargo
Garguer, urt. to brail vp the sails
(/argues, sf. pi. brails
Caricature, sf. an overcharge
Carle, rottenness in the bones
Carier, va. to rot, taint
Carillon, sm. chimes; scolding,
jangling
Carillonnoment, chiming
Carillonner, vn. to chime
Carillonneur, sm, a chimtr; a
noisy fellow
Cariole,'s/. a kind of calash
Carisladc, alms, charily
Garme, sm.^a carmelite
Carmelite, sf. carmelite nun
PART I.
Carmi.n, sm. carmine
Carniinatif, ve. a. carminative
Carnage, sm. carnage, slaugh-
ter, carrion
Carnassier, e. a. carniverous,
voracious
Carnassiere, sf. pouch, bag
Canmtion,sf.—tion; flesh-colour
Carnaval, sm. carnival
Carne, sf. angle, corner
Carn6, e. a. carnation
Garnet, sm. a debt book
Carnivore, 2. a. carnivorous
Carnosit6, sf. camosity
Carogne, a jade
Caron, sm. a slice of fat bacon
Caroncule, sf. a small gland; ex-
crescence
Carotte, a carrot
Carotter, vn. to play low
Carousse, sf. carousing
Carpe, a •arp. — Carpe pamCe,
an affected womaii
, sm. the wrist
Carjjeau, a little carp
Carpetles, sf. packing clothes
Carpillon, sm. a young carp
Carquois, a quiver
Carre, s/. crown of a hat; shape
of a coat; toes of a shoe
, e. a. square
, sm. a square, garden bed
de inoulon, breast oj mutton
Carreau, square; pane; garden-
bed ; cushion ; diamond at
cards; the ground; thunder-
bolt: thundtr-stone; tailor's
goose; bolt
Carrefour, a cross-way
Carrelage, paving with square
tiles, 6,-c.
Carrelei , va. to pave with square
tiles, <i'-f. to r.icnd shoes
Carrclet, sm. a flounder
Carrelette, sf. a fine file
Carreleur, sm. one that paves
with square tiles, S,c.
Carrolure, .s/. paving with tiles,
cobbling
CarrCment, ad. square
Carrer, va. to square
Se — , va. to strut
Carret, sm. rope-yarn
Carrier, a quarry-man
Carnere, sf. quarry; career
C
Carrosse, sm. a coach
— de voiture, stage-coach
— coup6, a chariot
— brise, a landau
— de louage, a hackney-coach
Carrossee, 5/. f^dl coach
Carrossier, sm. a coach-maker
Carrousel, a carousal
Carrousse, sf. riot, loose mirth
Carrure, shape of a coat
Cartayer, va. to quarter
Carte, sf. card, map, pasteboard
Carte-marine, sea-chart
Cartel, sm. cartel; challenge
Carttisianisnie, the Cartesian
philosophy
Cartesien, Cartesian
Cartier, a card-maker
Cartilage, a gristle
Cartilagincux, se. a. gristly
Carton, sm. pasteboard, bandbox
Canonner, va. to add a leaf to a
book \^ker
Cartonnier, sm. pastcboard-ma-
Cartouciie, sf. a charge; car-
tridge
Cartuiaire, sm. a collection of
charters
Cas, ft case; fact; chance; mat-
ter; value
Casanier, sm. close housekeeper;
lazy drone
Casanier, e. a. retired, idle
Casaque, 5/. a great ccat
Casaqiiin, sm. a short goicr.
Cascade, sf cascade, a fall
Case, a point at backgammon;
square in a draught-board;
mean habitation; box
Casemate, a casemate
Casemater, va. to fortify
Caser, vn. to * take a point at
tables
Caserne, sf. a barrack
Caserner, vn to * be in barracks
Casilleux, se. a. brittle
Casque, sm. a helmet
Cassade, sf. a flam, sham
CassaiWe, first digging of afield
Cassant, e. a. brittle
Cassation, sf. repeal, abrogating
Gasse, cassia, pen-case, case
Casse-cou, sm- unsafe place; tinr
even ground
Casstc, Cvoix,1 sf. broken voice
CAT
CE
CEN
Casscr, vn. to * break, bruise;
abruirate
Ca»i«;r()le, sf. a stew-pan
La^e-iioiseite, sin. nut-cracker
C'assie-t^te, puzzle-brain; heady
wine
<. issette, nf.cofferet; privy-purse
L .Oiseur, sm. cracker, bouncer
C.issier, ca-^sia-Uce
U:isso1ettc, sf. pcrj'umiit<r pan
Caasnnadc, powdered su^ar
Castagnette, castanets
Caste, a tribe
Castelane, sort of green plum
Castille, bickering; contention
Castor, siu. a beaver
Casualile, sf. perquisite
Casuel, le. a. casual; precarious
Casuel, sm. profits, perquisites
Casuellement, ad. casually, by
chance •
Casuiste, sm. casuist
Catacrese, sf. catecresis
Catacombs, pi. catacombs
Catadoupes,/;/. tcater-falls
Catafalque, sm. funeral decora-
tion
Calalepsie, sf. catalepsy
Caialeptique, 2. a. —tic
Catalogue, sm. — logae^ list, roll
Calaplasme, poultice
Cataracts, sf. a cataract
Se cataracter, vn. to grow dim
Catarrhe, sm. a catarrh
Catarrlieux, se. a.catarrhous
Catastrophe, sf. —pke
Calecliiser, va. to catechise; tc
endeavour; to persuade
Catechisine, sm. a catechism
Cat6cluste, a calediist
Catechuniene, 2. s. —men
Catt'gorie, sf. — gory, class
Cat6goriqueinent, ad. categori-
cally
Cathartique, 2. a. cathartic
Cathedrale, sf. a cathedral
Cailiedrant, sm. a lecturer
Cailiolicisme, licism
Catholicity, sf. Catholicism; the
catholic countries
Oatholicon, sm. —con
Calliolique, 2. a. s. catholic; uni-
versal
, 2. s. Roman Catfiolic, a
papist
Catlioiiquement, ad. Christian-
Caii, sm. a press [^like
Catiiuini, ad. sidy
Catin, sf. an immodest girl
— , sm. a foundry vessel
Calir, va. to press cloth, &,c.
Catoptrique, sf. catoptrics
Cavalcade, a cavalcade, little
journey
Cavalcadour, sm. an equerry
Cavale, sf. a mare
Cavalerie, cavalry, horse
Cavalier, sm. trooper; genile-
inan, horseman, spark
Cavalier, e. blunt, haughty
Cavalieremeiit, ad. haughtily,
gentleman- like, bluntly
Caudalaire, sm. train-bearer
Cave, sf. cellar; case of bot-
tles; vault; pool at play
— , 2. a. hollow
Caveau,s)rt. little vault, or cellar
Cavee, sf. a hollow way
Caver, vh. to hollow; to stock at
play
Caverne, sf. a cavern
Caverneu^v, se. a. cavernous,
hollow
Cavesson, sm. muzzle to tame a
horse, check
Ca\\\lnuon,.';f. sophistical reason
Caviii, sm. a defile, cavity
Cavite, sf. hollowness, cavity
Causaliui, casuulity
Causaiif, ve. a. casual
Cause, sf. cause, reason, motive
d'appel, action upon appeal
Causer, vn. to cause; talk; blab
Causeur, se. s. a babbler
Causerie, sf. babbling, slander
Causticite, malignity
Caustique, 2. a. caustiit; wasp-
ish
Cauteleusemeiit, ad. slily
Cauteleux, se. a. wily, sly
Cautere, sm. an issue, cautery
Cauteriser, va. to cauterize; *
burn
Caulion,sf.bail; security; surety
bourgeoise, good security
Cautioimeinent, sm. bailing
Cautioimer, ua. to bail, warrant
Caver, sm. a ouire, stitched book
Cayeu, a sucner, off-set
Ce, cet, cetie, ;;rtf. this, that, it
Co que, what, tliat
C'est pouniuoi, thtrefore
Ce u'est pas que, not thai
Ceaus, ad.-within, at home; he^
Ceci, pro. this, these
Cecile, sf. blindness
Cedant, e. s. grantor
Ceder, va. to cede, yield, resign
Cedille, sf. cedilla {r.)
Cedrat, sm. a kind of citron
Cidre, cedar
Cedule, sf. bill, note, cedula
Ceindre, va. to enclose; '^ put on,
gird
Ceiutre, e. «. arched, vaulted
CeiiUure, sf. girdle; t/ie waist,
enclosure; cincture
Cf iiituiier. sm. a belt-maker
Ceiiituroii, a belt
<,'ii\a, pro. that, thus, so
Celt'idiJii, sm. sea-green; affected
sentimental man
Celebrant, officiating priest
C6l6brati<)u, sf. solemnity
Celebre, 2. a. famous, eminent
Celebrer, va. celebrate, *set forth
Celtibrile, .«/. — ty, solemnity
Celer, va. to conceal, * hide
Celeri, sin. celery
Ceieriie, sf. — rity; swiftness,
speed
Celeste, 2. a. celestial, heavenly
Celestiiis, sm. pi. a sort of fri-
ars
Celibat, sm. celibacy; single life
Celibataire, 2. a. of celibacy
, sm. a bachelor
, sf. unmarried woman
Celle, pro. f. she, that
Cellerier, e. s. caterer; cellarist
Celiier, sm. cellar above ground
Cellule, sf. a cell, box-case; hole
in the honey-comb
Celui, pro. he, that
Celui-ci, celle-ci, this
Celui-la, celle-la, that
Cement, sm. cement
Cementation, sf. tion
Cendre, sf. a.<shes
Cendre, e. ash-coloured
Cendree, 5/. dross of lead; small
shot
Cendreux, se. a. ashy, full of
a.'hes
' Cendrier, sm. ash pan
CEU
Cene, sf- the Lord's supper
Cenelle, holy-oaks berry
Cftnobite, sm. monk
Ceriobitique, 2 a. tical
Cenotaphe, sm. cenotaph, i. e.
empty tomb
Cens, quit-rent
Ccnsable, 2. a. of a manor
Censal, sm. a broker
Cense, sf. a fee-farm
Cens6, e. a- accounted; reputed
Uenseur, sm. censor, a critic
Censier, the lord of a manor
, e. 5. a fee-farmer
(Jeasitaire, sm. a copyholder
Censive, sf. a manor
Censiveiiient, ad. in a feudal
manner
Censuel, le. a. feudal
Censurable, 2. a. — ble, deserv-
ing censure
Censure, sf. censorship; censure;
criticism
Ceiisurer, va. to censure; * chide
Cent, 2. o. hundred
, sm. a hundred
Centaine, sf. about a hundred
Centaure, sm. a centaur
Centaurce, sf. centaury
Cenleiiaiie, '2. a. centenary
Centenier, Centurion, sm. cap-
tain of a hundred; centurion
Ceutierae, 2. a hundredth
CentO'.i, sm. rhapsody
Central, e. a. central
Centre, sm. centre
Centrifuge, 2. a. centrifugal
Centripete, 2. a. centripetal
Centuple, 2. a. sm. hundred fold
Centupler, va. to increase great-
Jy .
Centuriateur, sm. — ator
Centurie, sf. —ry, hundred
Centurion, sm. —rion
Cap, sm. a vine
Cependant, ad. in the meantime,
nevertheless, yet
C6phalalogie, sf. —gy
C6phalique, 2. a. cephalic
Ceps, sm. pi. stocks, fetters
Cerat, sm. cerate, plaster
Cerbere, Cerberus
Cerceau, a hoop, net, ring
Cercelle, sf.^a teal
Otifcle, sm. a circle, assembly
GET
Cerclor, va. to hoop
Ceiciier, sm. hoop-viaker
Cercueil, a cojjin
Ceremonial, e. a. — nial
, sm. — nial, ritual
Cereinonie, sf. — ny, rite
C6r6monieux, se. a. ceremoni-
ous; formal
Cerf, sm. a stag; a hart
Cerf-volant, horn-beetle; paper
kite
Cerfeuil, sm- chervil
Cerise, sf. a cherry
Cerisier, sni. a cherry-tree
Ceine, a ring, circle
Cerneau, kernel of a nut
Cerner, va. * take out the kernel
of a nut, tap a tree
— yeux cern6s, eyes surrounded
with black and blue spots
Certain, e. a. certain, sure
, sm. certainty
une nouvelle certain, sure
news
une certain nouvelle, a re
port
Certainement, ad. certainly
Certes, truly, indeed
Certificat, sm. a certificate
Certificateur, a voucher
Certification, sf. —lion
Certifier, va. to certify, assure
Certitude, sf. certainty, stability
Cervaison, venison-season
Cerveau, sm. the brain
Cervelas, cervelas^ kind of sau-
sage
Cwrvelet, hind part of the brain
Cervelle, sf. brains
Cervical, e. a. — cal
Cervier, (loup) sm. a lynx
Cervoise, sf. sort of beer
C6ruse, white lead
Ces, pro. these, those
Cessation, Sf/. — tion,intcrtiiis.^ion
Cesse, ceasing, intermission
Cesser, v. cease., * leave off
Cessible, 2. a. transferable
Cession, sf. a yielding up
Cessionnaire, 2. s. cessionary,
grantee
Ceste, sm. cestus, girdle
Cesure, sf. ctssura, pause, rest
Get, pro. this, that
Ctitac6e, a. m. cetaceous
CHA
35
Coux, celles, pro. these, those
Clifibier, va fasten to a cable
Cliiibleur, sm. a water- officer
Chabiis, wind-fallen wood
Cliaconne, sf. chacon (a tune)
Chacun, e. pro. cve^ one, each,
(it can never be joined to a
substantive)
Cliafouin, e. a s. a mean-look
ing fellow; a polecat
Chagrin, sm. grief; vexation,
sorrow
— , shagreen
— , e. a. morose, sad
Chagrinant, e. vexatious
Chagriner, va. to vex, to fret
Chaine, sf. chain; warp; ridge;
bondage
Chaineau, sm. a pipe of lead
Chainelier, a chain-maker
Chainette, sf. a little chain
Chainon, sm. a link
Chair, sf. flesh, skin, quick
— vive, the quick
Cliaire, a pulpit; fee; oratory
Chaise, a chair, scat, sedan
Chaland, e. 5. customer; chap-
man
Cha\HnL\\s<i,sf. custom, good-will
Chalet, sm. a hut, cabin
Chaleur, sf. heat; warmth; zeal
Chalit, sm. bedstead
Chalonpe, sf. great boat
Chalumeau, sm. stem.; a pipe;
flute
Chamade, sf. a parley [glc
Chaniailler, vn. to fight; wran-
Chamaillis, sm. fray, squabble;
skirmish
Chamarrer, va. to lace, daub
Chamarrure, .<?/. lacing
Chambalon, sm. a yoke {to carry
milk, water, S-c]
Cliambellan, chamberlain
Chambranle,7ttni&s; mantle-tree
Chauibre, sf. chamber, room
Chanibree, 7)croO/ts lying in one
room, house-full
Chambrelan, sm. chamber- artifi-
cer, a lodger
Chanibrer, vn. to lodge togetlur;
to confine, take aside
Chambrctte, sf. little room
Chambrier, sm. chamberlain iu
a manastcnj
16
CHA
CHA
CHA
Chambriere, sf. chamber-maid;
horsewhip
Clianibrilloii, young maid
Chameau, sm. a camel
ClKimelicr, camel-driver
Chauies, Games, .^m. inuscles
Chamois, shavoy; icild goat
Chainoiseur, shamoy-dresser
Champ, afield; matter
— de bataille, jjieW of battle
— clos, camp list
Champagne, iff. champaign
Champart, sm. field-rent
Champaiter, va. to collect field-
rents
Champarleur, sm.. field-rent col-
lector
Champetre, 2. a.rural
Champignon, sm. mushroom;
thief in a candle
Champignonhiere, sf. a bed for
mushrooms
Champion, sm. a champion
Chance, sf. chance, hazard
Chanceiant, e. a. tottering; un-
steady
Ciianceler, vn. to totter; to wa-
ver
Chancelier, sm. chancellor
Chancel'\eTe,sf .chancellor' s icife
Cliancehement, sm. tottering;
unsteailiness
Chancellerie, sf. chancery
Chanceux, se. a. lucky
Chancir, va. to grow mouldy
Chancissure, sf. inouldiness
Cliancre,57n.a cancer, sore; foul-
ness in the teeth
Chancreux, se. a. cancerous
Chantleleiir, sf. Candlemas
Chandelier, sm. candlestick, a
tallow chandler
Chandellc, sf. a candle
Ciianfrein, sm. forehead of a
fiurse
Change, exchange, cha$t^e,bank-
er's trade
•.'hanjreant, e. a. changeable,
fickle
Cliangement, sm. change; alte-
ration
Changeotler, va. to change of-
ten
Changer, va. to change; alter,
shift, barter
Changeur, sm. banker, money-
changer
Chanoine, a prebendary
Chanoinesse, sf. a canoness
Chanoinie, canonry, canonship
Clianson, a song, idle story
Chansonner, ra. to lampoon
Chansonnetle, sf. little song, lay
Chansonuier, sm. ballad-maker
Ciiaiit, singing; tune; canto
du co(j, cock-crow
Clianianl, e. a. tunable; sivg-
I i»g
Chanteau, sm. hunch of bread,
quarter-piece
Cl)anter, v(i. to * sing; to crow;
praise
Clianterelle,5/. treble- string; de-
coy-bird
Chanteur, se. s. a singer
ChanueT,sm.timber-yurd;stocks,
gauntry
Ciiantourn6, a headpiece of a
bed
Chaiitre, a chanter, a clerk
Chantrerie, sf. chantry
Chanvre, sm. hemp
Clianvrier, hemp-dresser
Cliaos, chaos, confusion
Clia(»e, sf. cope, helm
Cliapeau, sm. a hnt; man
Chap.lain, a chaplain
Chapeler, va. to * rasp bread
Cliapelet, sm. chaplet, head, stir-
rup-leather; a chain-pump
Chapelier, e. ^. a hatter
Chapelle, sf. chapd, benefice
Chapellenie, chaplainship
Cha(ielure, chippings ; chips;
ra.^pings
Ciiaperon, sm. hood; coping of a
wall; bolster-cap; top; com-
panion
Chaperonner, va. to * cap one;
to protect; to hood-wink the
haick
Chapier, 5>n. copc-bearcr
Chapileau, chapiter, capital
Chapilre, chapter; chapter-house
Chapitrer, va. to reprimand
ChajKin, syn. capon; crust rf
bread boiled in broth
Chaptinucau, sm. young capon
Chaponner, va. to cajftn
Clia|)onniere, sf. caponry
Chaquc, pro. each, every (*is
always joined to agubEtantive)
Char, sm. chariot, car
Cliarancon, a weevil, mite
Charbon, coals; ulcer
de bois, charcoal
de lerre, pit-coal
Cliarbomiee, sf. short rib of
beef
Charhonner, va. to daub with a
coal
Chai bonnier, sm. coal-merchant
collier; coal-hole
CiiarbonniL-re, sf. colliery; coal-
house; cual-woman
Charbouiller, va. to stain; to
blacken
Charcuier, va. to hcLck, mangle
Charculerie, sf.hog'sjtcsh; sau-
sages, <i-c.
Cliarcutier, e. s. vho keeps a
pork-shop
Chardon, sm. thistle; spike-head
Chardonner, va. to nap cloth
Chardoiineret, sm. goldfinch
Cljardonuiere, sf. thistle-plot
Cljarge, load, charge, cargo; em-
ployment; place, office
Chargeam, e. a. clogging; te-
dious
Cliargement, s^m. bill of lading
Chargeoir, charger in gunnery
Charger, va. to load; charge;
burden, lade, clog
Se — , to *take upon one's self
Chargeur, sm. a loader
Chariage, carriage
Cliarier, v. to carry along
droit, to mind one's hits
Chariot, sm. wagon, cart
Charitable, '2. a. charitable
Charitablement, ad. —tably
Charite, ."f. charity, alms
Charivari, sm. paltry vtiisic,
a clutter
Cliarlatarija mountebank; wheed-
ler
Charlaune, sf. cunning gipsy
Charlataner, ra. to gull
Charlatanerie, sf. quackery
wheedling
Cliarniaiit, e. a. charming; de
lightful
Cliarnie, sm. charm, yoke-elm
Charmer, va. to charm; allay
CHA
CHA
CHE
37
Charmille, .if. hedge of yoke-elm
trees
Cliaiiiajje, sni. flesh-time
Cliamci, le. a. carnal; sensual
Clianieilemeut, ad. carnally
G/iariieu.v, se. a. fleshy
Cliaiiiier, sm. charnel-honse; a
larder
Cliarniere, sf. a hinge
Cliainu, e. a. fleshy, plump
Clianmrc, sf. flesh, s/cin
Charogiio, carrion, carcass
CljarpciJte, tunber-work
CliarpeiUL'r, va. to work timber;
to mangle
Charpeaieiie, 5/. carpentry
Cliaii>u!itier, sm. carpenter
Chaipie, sf. Cliarpis, sm. lint
Charrtf, s/. buck-ashes
Charrolee, a cart-load
C)iarroli(jr, chart ier, sm. carman
Clianetlc, sf. a cart
Cliarroi, sm. carriage, wainagc
Chanou, a cartwright
Charionajre, cartiorighfs work
Cliariuago, arable land
Ciiairue, sf. a plough
Charto, cliarire, a charter
Chaite-pailie, charter-party
Cliartil, chartis, sm. a pcnt-hous'e
for carls, great cart
Charlie, sf. charter, gaol
Chartreuse, charter-house
Ciiarlreux, se. s. Carthusian fri-
ar, or nun
Cliartrier, .sm. keeper of charters
CJias, sm needle- eye
Chaserot, I'itle sash-frame to
make cheese
Chas.se, sf. shrine; scale; frame;
checks
Chasse, sf hunting; game; chase
aux om:mix, fowling
Chasse-chifii, sm. bradsman
Chasse-cousiii, sm. bad wine
Ohasse-coijuiii, bcdsman
C\vASse\as,(;xcellent sort of white
grape
Ghasse-niaree, <i fish-cart; a
shallop
Chasser, va. to hunt, * drive a-
way, chase, pursue
— ail fusil, to * go a shooting
Cliasserosse, sf. a huntress
Chussoiir, sm. hunter, fowlc
Chasseuse, sf. a huntress
CJiassie, blear-eyedness
Chassieux, se. a. blear-eyed
Cliassis, sm. sash; frame; chase
Chassoir, cooper's driver
Chaste, 2. a. chaste; pure; veat
Chastement, ad. chastely; purely
Ciiastete, s/. chastity, purity
Chasuble, a kind of cope
Cliasublier, sm. maker of ecclesi-
asiical ornaments
Chat, cat
Petit chat, little dear
Chats, pi. catkins
Chataignc, sf. a chesmit
Chataigneraie, chesnut orchard
Chalaiguier, sm. chesnut-tree
Chataia, a. m. chesmit- colour
Chateau, sm. a castle, or seat
Chateaux en Espagne, airy cas-
tles
Chatelain, lord of a manor; go-
vernor of a castle; castellan
CJiutelet, little castle
Chatellenie, sf. castle-ward
(^hat-huant, sm. screech-owl, sul-
len man
Chatiable, 2. a. punishable
Ciiiitier, va. to chastise; mind;
correct
Cliatiere, sf. a cat-hole
Charinient sm. chastisement
Cliatou, a kitten; bezel; catkins;
collet
Chatouillcnieiit, tickling
Cliatouiller, va. to ticklr; please
Chatouiileux, se. a. ticklish, de-
licate
Chatle, sf. a she-cat; puss; dain-
ty woman
Chattee, brood of a cat
Cliatteinite, demure hypocrite
Chatter, chatoriner, vn. to kitten
Chaud, e. a. hot, warm, hasty,
fierce
, sm. heat, hot
, ad. hot, warmly
Cliaudeau, sm. caudle
Chaudeinciit, ad. warmly, earn-
estly
Cliaufleron, sm. a kettle, caldron
Chau(ieroiin6e, sf. kettleful
Chauderoniierie, brazier's ware
Chauderonnier, sm. brazier, tin-
ker
Chaudiere, sf. caldron; copper,
great kettle
Chauftage, sm. fuel
Chauffe, sf furnace
Chaulle-pied, sm. a foot-stove
Chauffer, va. to heat, warm
Chaufferette, sf afoot-stove
Chaufferie, a kind of forge
Chauffeur, sm.warmerofaforge
ChaufCoir, JO arming-place; warm
cloth for a sick person
Chaufour, a lime-kiln
Chaufournier, a lime maker
C]iavirer,«a.to turnupside down
Chanme,sm.stubble,stubble field
Chaumer,7;a. to * cut stubble, to
thatch
Ci)aun]iere,s/.a thatched cottag*
Chauinine, small cottage
Chaussant, e. a. easy to put an
Cliausse, sf. stocking, straining
bag
Chausses, pi. breeches
Cliauss6, e. a. cross-grained
Chauss6e, s/. causeway
Ciiausse-piC, sm. shoeing-hom
Chausser, va. to * put on shoes,
or stockings; make shoes; to fit
— le cothurne, to turn a drar
matic writer
Chaussetier, sm. hosier
Chaussetrap, sf. a caltrop
Cliausselte, under-stocking
Cliausson, sm. socks, pumps
Ch a assure, sf. any cover of the
leg and foot
Claiuve, 2. a. bald
Chauve-souris, .«/. abat
( 'liauveK?, baldness
Chaux, lime
Chef, sm. head, chief, leader; faff-
end
de fnmilie, housekeeper
Chef-d'oiuvre, a master-piece
Clief-lieu, a manor-house
de parti, a ringleader
Chelin, sm. shilling
Chemia, way, road, course
Cheuiia6e, .'?/. a chimney
Cheaiiner, vn. to walk, or * go
Chemise, >/. shirt, shift
Clieaiisette, under-waiitcoat
Chenaie, a grove of oaks
Chenal, sm. channel
Ciieaapan, sm. a vagabond
38
CUE
CHI
CHO
Ch^np. an oak
Chciie-veid. holm-oak
Cli6nfau, ijouvg oak
, a pipe to cotirey rain-wa-
ter frum LhP gutt'rs
Clienet, hand-iron
Cheneviere, .</. hcwp-fiihl
Clicuevis, am. hcwp-secd
Chcnevolte, .<;/. short straw
Chenevottcr, »«. to peel hewp-
stalk
Cheiiil, sm. a dog-kennd
Clienille, sf. a caterpillar
Cheiiu, e. a. hoar;/; gray-headed
f'lier, e. dear; ca'-flt; beloocd
Clicrche, */. »e<irch'
Cl:ircli(r, ca- to* stck, look for,
* search
Chercheur, se. *. seeker, searcher
Chere, 5/. cheer, treat, entertain-
ment
Chcreinent, ad. dear, dearly
Clierir, vr. to cherish, love
Chersonese, sf. peninsula
Chert<^, dcarness, dearth
Ch6rubin, sm a cherub
Ch6ruljiqiie, 2. a. cherubinical
Chervis, sm. chervil
Ch6tif,ve. a. mean, sorry, pitiful
Ch^;tivemeiit, ad. pitifully
Cheval, 5m. a horse
Cheval-fondu, Itapfros'
Chevalerie, sf. knighthood; chi-
valry
Clievalet, sm. -xoodcn horse;
bridge of an instrument; easel;
tressel; buttress; poop
O.evalier, a knight
d'industrie, sharper
de la coupe, toper
d'honneur, first gentleman
usher
du guet, captain of a watch
on horseback
Clievaliere, sf. kninhVs lady
fhevaline {hcic,) horse or ware
Clievance, one's whole substance
Vhcv^iucMe., judge" s circuit
Clievauclier, vn. to * ride (obso-
ktf)
Chevau-16ger8, sm. light horse
Chfvecier, vestry-keeper
Ch6vecerie, sf. office of a vestry-
keeper
Chevelu e. a. long-hairpd
Chevehire. sf. head of hair;
a ins; jib re
Clitvet, sm. a ivhter
Clieveire, a halter (old)
("heveu, a hair, fibre, thread
ChevDIc, */. a peg; uncle-hone,
broach, botch [roldry)
Chevilie, e a. branched {in he-
(."hesilier, va. to peg. to pin
(,'lievillette, sf. bookbinder's peg
Chovillon, sm. turner s peg
Chevillure, sf. the broaches of a
deer's head
Cfievir, vn. to manage, overrule
Chevre, sf. a she-goat, crab
saiivage, antelope
Ciievrean, sm. a kid
Chevrc-feuille, honeysuckle
pied, a. ni. goat-footed
Chevrelte, sf. a doe; syrup pot;
little hand-iron; shrimp
Chevreuii, sm. a roebuck
Chevrier, a goatherd
Chevrillard, /a?rn of a roe
Chevron, a rafter, chevron
Chevronnic, e. a. chevror.y
Chevtoter, i.w. to kid; to fret;
skip; to * have a trembling
voice in singing
Chevrofin, sm. a kid's ski:
Chevrotin6, sf. deer-shot
Chez, pr. at, or to one's house,
among, with
Chiasse, sf. scum, dung
Chiaoux, sm. a Turkish bailiff
Chicane, sf. chicanery, cavil
Chicaner, va. to chicane; * vex,
quarrel, cavil
Chirancrie, sf. chicanery
Chicancur,se. s chicaner; shifter
Chicanier, e. wrangler, caviller
Chiche, 2. a. stingy
Chichement, ad. stingily
Chichet6, sf. niggardliness
Chicon, sm. coss-l/ttuce
Chicort-e, sf. succory, endive
Chicot, sm. a. stump
Chicoter, vn. to wrangle; trifle
Chicoiin, sm. orpine
Chion, a dog, cock of a gun
Chien-c^lcsie, sm. dog-star
dent, dog's grass
nr)arin, sea-dog
Chienne, sf. a bitch
Chienner, vn. to whelp, puppy
Chiile, .«•/. sorry silk, or stuff
CJiitlbn. svi. n rug, ilout
Chilioiis, pi. niillimry wares
Chili'onner, va to rumple, tumble
Cliiffonnier, e. *. a rag-picker
( \\\X\ui\\\\exe.^sf.lady's work-bag
CI I in re, sm. cipher, figure, n
nuuiber.—Mw z6ro en cLillie,
an insigvifcunt man
Chifiiei, va. to* ca£t vp; * write
in cij'hers
Ciiirt'itur, sm. an accomptant
Cliignon, the nape of the neck,
hind curl
Cliiniere, sf. chimera, idle fancy
Chinierique, 2. a. chimerical,
fanciful
Cliiniferiquemrnt, ad. — rically
Cliiniie, ,e/. chymistry
Cl)iniique, 2. a. chymical
Chimisle, sm. a chymist
Cliioiirnio, sf- a galley's crew
Cliipotor, vnto piddle; trifle
Ciiipotitr, e. s. piddler, trifltr
Cliiquenaude, sf. a fillip
Chiqnet, sm. a bit
Chirograpliaire, written undci
the disposer's own hand
Chironiancie, sf. palmistry
Chironiancien, ne. s. — manccr
Chirurgical, e. a. —cal
Chirurgic. sf. surgery
Chinirgien, sm. a surgeon
Chirnrgique, 2. —gical
Chmrti, sf. flies' dung
Choc, sm. shock; dashing; on-
set, clashing
Chocailler, vn, to tipple
Chocaillon, sf. fuddling gossip
Chocolat, sill, chocoleitc
Chocolatier, one who keeps a
chocoliite-kouse, chocolate-ma
ker, or sell'r
Chocolnliere, sf. chocolate-pot
ChoBur, 5771 choir, chorus
Choir, rTi. to * fail [elect
Choisir, vei. io*choose,*piek out,
Choi.T, sm. choice, option
Chomable, 2. a. to be kept as a
holiday
Chftmage, sm. respite, rest
Cboiner, r to* keep holiday, to
wnvt work, rest from work
Chopiiie, sf. FYench half-pint^
English pint
CKV
CIN
CIS
39
Chopiner, r«. to tipple
Clioquaiii, e. a. thocldtig; ojj'cv-
stve
(.ijoquer, V. to * shocks offnid, *
dash.* clash, to * touch glasses
Se — , vr. Lo ■" take o*Jcnce, abuse
one another, * clash, * strike,
engiige
Clioi ibte, sm. churisV r
Ciiorogtaphie, sf. — phy
Chorogiaphique, 2. a. — phical
Chorus, laire chorus, lo * sing
together, * make chorus
ChO!;e, 5/. thing
Chou, sm. cabbage; cole-wort;
puff paste
Chou-fleur, cauliflower
Choucas, STO. a jackdaw
Chouette, sf. screech-owl; langh-
ing-sU)ck; play of one person
against two
Chouquet, sm. moor^s head
Choyer, va. to cocker; to * take
great care of
Chreme, sm. chrism
Chremeai, chri.'sm cloth
Chr6lien, ne. a. s. christian
Chr6tiennement, ad. christianly
Chretient6, sf. Christendom
CHRIST, sm. CHRIST
Christiatiisriie, chri.'-tianity
Chroniaiique, 2. a. sf. —tic
Clironique, sf. Hironicle
, 2. a. chronical
Clironi«iueur, sm. a writer of
chronicles
Chroiiogranime, — gram
Chrouolofiie, sf. — logy
Clin)nologique,2. a —gicil
Chronologiste, sm. —gist
CJironoIogue, — logcr
Chrysalide, .«/. rhry.orlis
Chrj'socolle, chrysocol, lorux
Chrysolite, —Uie
Chu, part, fallen down [row
Cliuchet^r, vn. to pip as a ?par-
CliiichotK^r. vn. to whisper
Chucholteric, .?/. whispering
Cliuchoteiir. ge. .•?. whisperer
Chiitl int. hufh!
Cliiite, sf. fall, cisnsler, cadevre.
— I^a chute cles feuilles, av-
tunln.— line chute d'liumeuis,
a drflvriov
Cl5y|p, sm. the chyle
Chymie, &c. vid. Chiniie, &c.
Ci, ud. hire
(-i-devaut, heretofore
Ci-fipics, hereafter
Ci-desi;ous, under here
C i-dcssus, aforesaid
Cilioire, sm. a pyx, box, cvp
Ciboule, .<r/. scullion, chibbot
Cibouloite, chives
Cicatrice, a scar
Cicatricule, little scar
Cicatriser, va. cicatrize, gash
Cicero, pica, (printing type)
Cid, sm. an Arabian chief
Cidre, cider
Ciel, sm. sky, heaven, canopy
Ciel de lit, tester, top of a bed
Des ciels de lit; bed testers
Cierge, sm. a wax taper
Cieux, sm. pi. ciel for its singw
lar, heavens
C\ga]e,sf. chirping kind of grass-
hopper
- — de mer, a kind of sea craw-
fish
Cigogne, sf. a stork
Cigogneau, sf. a young stork
Cigue, sf. hemlock
Cii, sm. eyelashes
Cilice, sm. hair-cloth
Ciilcnieiit, twinkling of the eyes
Ciller, va. to twinkle, wink
Cinie, sf. the top, ridge, height
Ciinent, sm. ennent, union
Cinieuter, va. to cement
CiiTi(;iitier, sw/. cernent-viukir
Cinietcrre, a civut(r
Cimetiere, a churchyard
Cimier, crest, buttock
Ciniier do ceif, haunch of veni-
son
Ciiijilire, cinnabar; red lead
Cintraire, (unie,) sf. urn in-
clvdivg aihts
Cin^ratioii, —tion
i "inglnge, .'.•7;/ . .ship's envrst ; Insh
Cingler, vn to fail bifvre the
icind, lo In.'^h, * cut
Ciminiiionie, .-m. cinnamon
Cir.q, a svi.fv
Cinquaiilaiue, sf. fifty
Ciiiquniile. 2 a J fly
Citiquaiitenicr, svi. nnimandei
of fifty nun
Ciiiqu'ailtitfne 2. a. fiftieth
Cinquitnio, 2. a. sm. fifth
denier, fottr shillings in
the pound
Ciiiquiemtmeiit, ad. fifthly
Cintrage, S7n. the cords which ei-
titer encircle or tie a ship
Cititre, an arch, centre
Cintrer, va. to * make arch-wise
Cippe, .^»i. cippus
Ciragc, waxing
Circoiiciif, va. to circumcise
Circoncist iir, sm. eircumciser
Circoncit-ion, sf. circumcision
Ciconfereiice, circumference
Circonf1exe,2. a. circumflex [tion
Circoiik (nlic.il, sf. circumlocu-
Circoiigcriptioii, circumscription
Circonf-criie, ra. to circumscribe
Circonspect, e- a. circumspect
Circonspection, sf. circumspec-
tion
Circonslance, circumstance
Circonstanccs, & dependences,
appurtenances
Circonstancicr, va. to relate a
thing with its' circumstances
Circonvallation, sf. circumvalla-
tion
Circoiivenir, va. lo circumvent^
deceive
Circonvention, .«•/. deceit
Circor.Yoisin, e. a. neighbouring
Circonvolution, sf. circumvolu-
tion
Circuit, sm. circuit, ambit; dis-
trict, con'pass
( iiculaire, 2. a. circular; round
Ciirulairf n;eiU, ad. circularly
Circulateur, sm. —tor
Ciiculaticin, .</. —tion
Cirriilalniie, 2. a. —latory
Circulcr, vn. to circulate
Cire, s/. wax, sunt, seal; shoe-
llack
— 6' V^i^i^we, sealing wax
Cirer, ru. to wax
Ciricr, sm waxchnrdler
Ciron, II handuorvi; little blister
Ciiure, .</ wax jlnstcring
Ciiqiie, svi. cirevs
( iiuie, tf. waxing
CiFjiillit, ffi.fo * I lip, * shear
CisnilUg, ,sf. ,«/iffl7vf, clippings
Cita'f inr,«.j,7J ihi."- ."ide the Alps
Cif(nu,.<;wi. cAiVf/. graver
40
CLA
Ciseaus, pi. scissors
Ciseler, va. to chase, curve
Ciselet, sm. a graver
Ciseleur, chaser, pinker
Ciselure, sf. chasing, carxir.g
Citadelle, a citadel
Citadin, e. a. s. citizen
Citation, sf. —tion, summons
Cit6, a city, a totrn
Citer, va. cite, quote, summon,
name
Ciierieur, e. a. citerior; hither
theme, sf. a cistern
Ciiise, sm. citisus
Citoyen, tie. s. a citizen
Citriii, e. a. lemon-coloured
Citron, sm. citron, lemon
Citronnat, candied orange, or
lemon
Citronre, e. a. that has the taste
(f lemon
Ciuonnelle, sf balm gentle
Citronnier, sm. a lemon-tree
Citrouillc, sf. pumpion, gourd
Cive, kind of onion
Civet, sm. hare-ragoo
C\\ene,sf.chiTer;civet-cat;civet
Civierc, a hand-barrow
Civil, e. a. civtl, udl-bred
Civilement, ad. civilly, kindly
Civilisation, sf. — lation
Civiliser, ra. to civilize
Civility, sf. civility, courtesy
Civi]it6s, pi. respects
Civique, a. f. civic
Clabaud, 5m. liar; noisy fellow
Clabaudage, barking of dogs
Ciabauder, vn. to bark; bawl
Clabauderie, sf. clamour
Clabaudeur, se. s. noisy man, or
woman, a bawler
Claie, sf. a hurdle
Clair, e. a. clear; light; thin;
bright; plain
, ad. clearly; plainly; clear;
plain
; 577!. shi7ie, light
de lune, moonshine
Clairement, ad. clearly; plainly
"lairet, te. a. reddish '
Claire-voie, sf. rails in a park
Clairiere, glade in a wood
Clairon, sm. clarion
Clair-sein6, e. a. thin sown; thin,
scarce
CLA
Clair-voyance, sf. sagacity; pc-
nitration
Clair-voyant, e. a- clear-si<;hted
Clameui, sf. clanwvr, outcry
de haio, citation before the
judge
Clan, 5771. a tribe (in Scotland)
Clandestln, e. a. clandestine
Clar.destinement, ad. — nely
Ci'andestinite, sf. privacy
Clapet, sm. the sucker of a pump
Clapier, covey-burrow; rabbit;
a tame rabbit
Clapir, vn. to squeak
Be — , vr. to * lie squat
Claque, sf. afap, clog
Claquedent, nn. a half starved
wretch, chatterer
Claquement, clapping, chatter-
ing
Claquemurer, va. to * put in
prison
Claqueoreille, svi.fapt hat
Claquer, vn. to * clap, * snap;
chatter
Claquet, 5771. mill-clapper; chat
Clarification, sf. clarifying
Clarifier, va. to clarify
Se — , vr. to * grow clear
Cl.^rine, sf. a bell for the neck
of animals
Clarinette, clarinet
Clarie, clearness; light; splen-
dour
Cias. sm. knell; passing bell
Classe, sf. class; order; form;
school
Classeuient, 5771. disposition, or-
der
Classer, va to dispose, to levy
Classique, 2. a. classic
Claude, a. foolish, simple
Claudication, sf. lameness
Claveau, sm the rot, scab
Clavel6c, sf. th^ scab
Clavel^, e. a. scabby
Clavessin, ou Clavecin, sm.
harpsichord
Clavette, sf. a key; peg
Clavicule, the collar-bone
Clavier, sm. a key-chain; the
keys of an organ, iSc.
Clause, sf. clause, proviso
Claustral, e. a. claustrul; mo-
nastic
CLO
Clayon, sm. Utile hurdle
Clayonage, a fence made with
hurdles and turfs
Cle, clef. sf. a key, cltf
Clemence, clemency
Clement, e. a. clement
Clementines, sf. pi. the consti
tvticn ef Pope Clement V.
Ckpsydre, «7i hour-glass
Clerc, sm. chrk, clergyman
Cleige, chrry, churehman
Clerical, e. a. clerical
Ciericalemcnt, ad. clergyman-
like
C16ricature, sf, clerkship; state
of a clergyman
Client, e. s. a client
Clientele, sf. protection, patron
age
Cli^mment, stti. winking
Cliiincmussette, sf. hide and seek
Cijgner les yeux, va. to wink
Clignotciteiit, sm. winking
Clignoter, vn. to wink often
Climat, 5177. climate, clime
Climaterique, 2. a. clii.iacterie
Clin d'oeil, sm. the twinkling oj
an eye
Clincaille, sf. hard-ware; bast
coin
Clincaillerie, iron-ware
Clincaillier, e. .s. ironmonger
Clinquant, sm. tinsel
Clique, 5/. gang, party
Ciiqueter, vn. to dark
Cliquetis, sm. clashing ff swords
Cliquettes, 5/. snoppen; clapper
Clissc, little hurdle; splint
CVisi-or, va. to * make hurdles;
splii'it
Cloaque, sm. common sewer; f I
thy place
Cloche, sf. a bell, blister, stevf
ivg-pan
Cinchement, sw. hopping
Clocher, sleeplc; parish
, vn. to limp, hobble
Clochetle, sf. hand-bell, bell-
flower
Cloison, partition
Cloifonage, sm partition-work
Cloitre, a cloister
Cloitrer, va. to cloister up; im-
mure
Cloitrier, sm. claustral monk
coc
COI
COL
41
Clopin-colpat, ad. hohlUng a-
long
Clopiner, va. to hobble along
Cloporte, sm. a woodlouse
Cloporteux, se. a. very rough
Clorre, va. to enclose^ close
Clos, sm. a close
, e. a. closed, close, shvt
Closeau, sin. small close
Clossemont, clucking
Closser, vn. to cluck
Cloture, sf. an enclosure
Clou, sjn. nail; a bile; clove; stud
Clous de giiotie, cloccs
Clou a crochet, tcntcr-kook
Ciouer, va. to nail
Cloutcr, va. to stud
Clouterie, sf. nail trade
Cloutier, sm. a nailer
CJouliere, sf. nail mould
Club, sm. a club, society
Clubiste, member of a club
Clystere, a clyster
Coaccus6, accused with, one or
several persons
Coacervation, sf. — tion
Coactif, ve. a. coercive
Coaction, sf. coercion
Coadjuteur, sm. a coadjutor
Coadjulorerie, sf. —torship
Coadjutrice, coadjutrix
Coagulation, a. congealing
Coaguler, va. coagulate, curd
Cobalt, sm. cobalt
Cocagne, sm. pays de cocagne,
a land of milk and honey
Cocarde, sf. cockade
Cocasse, 2. a. odd, comical
Cocatrix, sm. cockatrice
Cochc, sm. caravan, large coach
d'eau, a passage-boat
, sf. notch, old sow; fat ill-
shaped icoman
Cocheinar, sm. night-mare
Cochenille, sf. cochineal
Cochenillier, sm cochineal tree
Cocher, a coachman
Cocher, va. to * tread
Cochet, sm. a cockerel
Cochon, a hog, a pig
d'inde, sm. guinea-pig
Cochonnee, */. litter of pigs
Cochoiiner, vn. to furrow j
Coclionnerie, sf. Jilthiness I
Cochonnct, stn. jack at bowls \
Coco, cocoa
Cocon, the cod of a silk- worm
Cocotier, a cocoa-tree
Coctioii, sf. coction, digestion
Cocu, sm. cuckold
Cocuage, cuckoldom
Cocufier, va. to horvify
Code, sm. code, codrz
Codecimaieur, partner in tithes
Codiciliaire, 2. a. contained in a
codicil
Codicille, sm. codicil
Codille (gagiier,) vn. to icin
Codonataire, 2. a. he or she to
whom a thing is given jointly
with another person
Co-6iat, sm. divided â– sovereignty
t^oegal, e. a. co-equal
Coercitif, ve. a. coercive
Co6rcition, sf. coercion
Coeternel, le. a. co-eternal
Coeteriiite, sf. —nity
Coeveque, sm. co-bishop
Coeur, the heart; courage
Coexistence, sf. —ce
Coexister, vn. to co-exist
Coffin, sm. small neat basket
Coft're, sm. chest, trunk, box, cof-
fer, coffin, belly of a lute
fort, strong box
Coffrer, va. to * put in gaol
C'oft'ret, sf. a little chest; trunk
Coffretior, a trunk-maker
Cognasse, sf. wild rjuince
Cognassier, sm. quince-tree
Cognat, kinsman
Cognation, sf. — tion, kindred
Cogne-fetu, sm. a trijlcr
Cognee, sf. a hatchet, axe
Cogner, va. to * drive in, beat,
knock
Cohabitation, sf. — tion
Cohabiter, vn. to cohabit
Coherence, sf. coherence
Colv'-ent, e. a. united
Coheritier,e.s. co-Aerr, co-heiress
Cohesion, sf. cohesion
Cohober, va. to thicken, forti-
fy
Cohorte, sf. cohort, company
Cohue, a rout, crowd
Coi, e. a- still, quiet
Coiffe, sf. coif, hood
— de nuit, night-cap
— d'une perruque, &c. caul
Colffc de chapeau,Z27i87i^ of a hat
Cuiiter, va. to dress one's head;
* stop a bottle
Se coiOcr de, vr. to * be fondly
attached to
Se , to * get drunk
^e de quclqu'uii d'une opi-
nion, to * be prepossessed for
somebody, an. opinion
Coi&ur, se. s. milliner; hair-
dresser
Coifture, sf. a head-dress
(-'bin, sm. corner, wedge, coins,
die; lock of a wig; clock of a
stocking
Coincidence, sf. coincidence
Coincider, vn. to coincide
Coing, sm. a quince
Col, ou con, neck; defile; strait
, a stock
Colere,s/. anger, wrath, passion^
e holer
, 2. a. passionate
Coleret, sm. sort of net
Colerique, 2. a. choleric
Colibri, sm. hummingbird
Coliticht't, gewgaw toy
Colin-maillard, blindman's but
Colique, .â– ?/. a colic
Colisee, sm. colisamm
Collateral, e. a. — ral
Collateur, sm. —tor, patron
Collatif, ve. a. —tive
Collation, sf. — tion, advowson
, eiftemuon's luncheon, tea-
drinking
Collationiicr, va. to collate
— , to * eat between dinner and
supper, to * drink tea
Colle, sf. paste, glue, size
de poisson, isinglass
(bourde) sham
Collecti!, collect,, gathering
Collecteur, sm. a collector
Collectif, a. s. in. collective
Collection, sf. — tion
Colk'ctivt'nient, ad. —vely
C'-'l legal aire, a. s. collegatory
College, sm. college
Collegial, e. a. cullegiate
Colleguc, sm. colleague, fellow
Coller, va. to paste, glue
du vin, to clarify wine with
isinglass
Se , vr. to lie close, cake
42
COM
COM
COM
Collerettc, sf. uomuii'd ncck-
handerchiej
Collet, sm. coilar; ^nare; neck
of lilt at
, ciipt; vcck; hand; gin
Collct-iiioiiie, ujjcct' d
Colleter, va- to collar; * sttaritis
Collier, sm. necklace.^ collar
CoUiger, vn. to collect, infer
Colliiie, .-/. a hUl
Collisioii, —nion
Collocaiioii, — lion
VoWoque, sm.colluquy,conf/rcnce
Colloquer, va. to place in orUtr
Colluder, vn. to collude, juggle
Collusion, )ff. juggling
Collusoire, 2. a. —tory
Collusoiiemeiit, ad. —sorily
Collyro, sm. — nam, eye-salve
Colombage, row of pillars
Colon] be, sf. a dove
Colombier, sm. a dove-house
Coloinbin, e. u. columbine
Colon, sm. a planter^ colore
Colonel, a colonel
Colonelle, sf. the colonel's com-
pany
Colonic, a colony, plantation
Colonode, colon adc
Colonne, a column, pillar
Colonaesd'un lit. bed-^o.-^ts
Colopbane, rosin, hard rosin
Coloijuinte, coloquintida
Colorer, va. to colour; dye, dis-
guise., cloke
Colorier, to varnish
Colori:;, sm. colouring, complex-
ion
Coloristo, a culourist
Colos.*al, o. a gigantic
( 'olo.'^se, sm cohijsu.t
Colportage, hairJur's trade
C'r)iiK)rttT, ha. to hatck acout
<'<!|jM)rteiir, sm a hiicktr
Coliire, coluri, colure
< 'on)a, comma
Coinatiux, se. a. soporifcrou-f
Combat, sin. a fght. battle
ConibatiaiU, a coi/tliaUtmt
C(jnibatlre, v. to * fght, combat,
oppugn, contnid iciih
Conibieis, ad. how much; how
many
— , sm. price
— — que, altliovgh
I Combinaison, sf. combination
Combiner, va. to combine
Comble, 2. a. heaped
Comble, sm. the top,luigh.t, tim-
ber-work of a roof
Cciiibleau, cordage of a cannon
Combler, va. heap up; load one;
Jill
Comblette, sf. cleft, or parting
in a stag's fool
Cc.nibriert, a large net
Combuger des fuiailles, va. soak
a cask
Combustible, 2. a. —ble
Combustion, sf. —tion, tumults
Couiedie, a play; play-house;
shamming; sport
Comedien, sm. an actor; dissem-
bler
Com6dipnne, sf. actress
Comestible, 2. a. eatable, s. eat-
ables
Comete, sf. a comet
Cornices, sm. pi. comitia
Coinique, 2. a. comical
Comiquement, ad. comically
Comite, s?n. officer of a galley
Comiie, a committee
Comitial, e. a. comilial
Connnandant, sm. commander
C()mmandement,co7nwta7td; com-
mandment
Commander, va. to command,
order, * bid, * bespeak
Commanderie, sf. commandery
Conmiandeur, sm. commander
of an order
Commariuiie, (societe on,) sleep-
ing partmr.'^hip
Cfimme, ad. as, like, almost
v.. as, whereas
Comniomoiation, sf. —tion
( <imm<'i:canl, e. s. beginner
(.'ommencemiMit, sm. beginning
( ommencer, v. to * begin
Commendataire, a. sm —tory
ConiPitnde, sf. commcndam
Ciimmt;nsal, a. m. messmate,
eating at the sujne tahle
Commensalilt, tf. —lily, fd-
loicship of table
Commensurabilite, —Hty
Commensuiable, 2. a. —ble
Commnil, ad. how, why
Conuncntaire, sm. comment
Commentaieur, — tutor
Commenter, va. to comment, to
romance
Commer, va. to * make compari-
sons
Commcrf able, 2. a. negociaile,
commercial.— BiUei coumier-
cable, a good, a safe bill
Comuiercant, e. truaing
Commercant, sm. trader, mer-
chant
Commerce, sm. — ce; trade; iw
tercourse
Commercer, vn. to trade
Commercial, e. a. cial
Commere, sf. a gossip
Commettant, sm. trustee; consti
tuent
Commettrc, va. to commit; cp
point; expose
Se , expose, or venture one's
self
Ciimmination, sf. threatening
Coniminaloire, 2. a. —tory ;
threatening
Comuiis, sm. clerk, deputy, com-
missioner
Connnise, sf. forfeiture
Commiseration, — tion, pity
Conuiiissaire, sm. commissary;
commissioner; overseer
— de guerre, mnsttr-master
— de police, justice of Uie peace
Commission, sf. commission;
mess age
Commissionaire, sm. factor; an
errand mShi
Commodai, loan
Commode. 2. a. commodious; con
renient; good natured {era
— , sf. a commode; chest of draw-
Conuiiodement, ad. convcnitnt-
iy; comfortably
C<inmn)due, sf conreniency
Commodites, pi. the iieccssary
, d'une maison, accommoda-
tion
Commotion, sf. commotion
Conanuer, va. to commute; mi-
tigate
Con.mun, e. a. common; usual;
ntrc.n; public
Conununaute, sf. community;
corpuration
Ccmmune, */. corporation
COM
COM
COM
43
Doramunes, inhubituvis of vil-
lages; covivwn pasture; the
house of commons
Coiiumiiienieiit, ad. coninwvly
— pailaMt, gcnirally speaking
Cfmiiuuniftii!, e. s. communicant
Comhiiinicable, 2. a. —Lit; easy
of access
CoiiiiJiuiiicatif, ve. a. —live
Coriiimiiiication, .<;/. —tion; in-
tercourse; sociity
CoirniKUiier, r. to receive, or ad-
viivi^tcr the sacrament
Coniiiiunion, sf. — nion; fcllotc-
ekip; the Lord" s supper
Comiminiqucr, va. to communi-
cate; to* have correspondence;
to produce
Se — , V. a. to * be sociable
Commutatif, ve. a- —tive
Commulaiion, sf. —tion
Compacite, closeness
Conipacte, 2. a. compact, close
Compagne, sf. a female compan-
ion; consort
Compagnie, company
Compagiion, sm. companion;
journeyman; fellow; partner
Compagnnnnge, jourveymanship
Comparable, 2. a. —ble; like
Comparaison, sf. comparison
Comparaiit, e. a. s. appearing
Comparaiif, vc. a. — live
Comparaiivement, ad. — lively
Comparer,»a. to compare; confer
Se — a, to vie with
Coniparoir, vn. to* make one's
appearance
Coiiiparoitre, to* make one's ap-
pearance
roriipaitiment, sm. compart-
ment; plot in a garden
Compartir, va. to cornpnrt
Conipartiteur, sm. —titor
Comparulion, sf. appearance
Compas, sm. compasses
de cordoimior, sin
dn nicr, compass
de proportion, sector
Coinpasstniont, the measuring
with cornpa-'ises
Compasser, va. to measure; to
proportion; order well
Coniim>F€k, e. a. starched; for-
ma'.; affrctcd
Compassion, sf. compassion; i
pity
Compatibility, — lity
Compatible, 2. a. —bU \
Compaiir, vn. to commiserate ;
suit; * bear with [ate
Compatissaiit, e. a. compassion-
Compatriote, 2. s. one's country-
man, or country-woman
Compendium, sm. — dium
Compensation, sf. —tion
Compenser, va. to compensate
Comp^rage, sm. the being god-
father or god-mother
Comptre, a gossip, jovial fel-
low; arch-blade
Ccmp6teniment, ad. competent-
ly; enough
Competence, sf. competence;
competition; jurisdiction
Comp6tent, e. a. competcrit; jit
Computer, vn. to belong
Comjietiteur, sm. competitor;
rival
Competitrice, sf. —titrix: rival
Compilateur, sm. compiler
Compilation, sf. —tion
Compiler, va. to con)pile; collect
Compitales, sf.pL Roman feasts
in honour of the domestic gods
Complaignant, e. s. plaintiff
Complainte, .if. complaint
Complaire, vn. to please; to hu-
mour
Se — , vr. to delight in; solace
one's self
Complaisance, sf. —sance; com-
placency
Complaisant, e. a. s. — sant; ci-
vil; iin complaisant, a flatterer
Complant, sm. vineyard [Src.
Comi)lanter, va. to plant vines,
Complement, sm. —ment
Complel, e. a. complete, perfect
, sm. ciimplctencss
Completement, ad. — tely
(onipl^ier, va. to complete
rVnnplexe, 2. a. complex
Complexion, .of. — jion; consti-
tution; temper; huwottr
Con)pUxionn6, e. a. tempered
(ill 07- well)
Coniplicntion, sf. — tion
Complice, 2. a. s. complice; ac
complice
Complicite, sf. the being an ac-
complice
Complies, sf.pl. evening prayers
Compliment, sm. — ment; cere-
mony
Coniplimentaire, frst partner
in a trading society
Complimenter, va. to compli-
went; to Jiutitr [wcnter
Complinieiiteur, se. s. compli-
Complique, e. a. complicate
Complol, sm. a pht; con.^piracy
Compioter, v. to plot; conspire
CompoDction, sf. remorse
C'omportement, sm. demeanour
Comporter, va. to allow of,* bear
Se — , va. to behave; act
Compos6, sm. a compound, o. iin
air con)pose, a sedate counte-
nance
Composer, va. to compose; to
compound
Composer des almanacs, to * be
star-gazing [looks
Se composer, vr. to fashion one's
Composeur, sm. a paltry writer
Composite, 2. a. composite
Compositeur, sm. a composer {in
music;) a compositor
Composition, sf. composition,
agreement
Composteur,sm. a composing or
setting stick
Compote, sf. slewed fr-uit, <S-c.
Comprehensible, 2. a.— ble
Comprehension, sf. —sion
Comprendre, ra. to comprehend
Comprcsse, sf. rontprrss, bolster
Com jiressibi lilt, cvniprcssurc
Compressible, 2. a. —ble
Compression, sf. —sion, pressure
Comprimer, va to compi-ess
Compromettre, v. to compromise,
to expose
Compromis, sm. compromise
Comptable, 2. a. s. accountable
Comptant, aigenl, comptant,
ready-miney
Compte, sm. account; value
Compte borgne, odd money;
suspicious oicount
rond, eveii niovry
Conipter, va. lo count, settle ac-
counts ; charge; purpose;
reckon; value
44
COX
cox
CON
Compter, en. to dcpena on
L'oiiipieur, sni. accoiaptant
Comptoir, counter; counting-
liu use; factory; bar of a p^-
Lc house
Coiijpuiritr, ca. to compel
l.'oiUi*u!s,iiiu, sm. a warraiU
Coiiipal, computation of tune
Couipuiiblo, — list
Couile, s.n. a count, an earl
Couile, county, earldom
Ccraut'sse, sf. a countess
Coiicasicr, oa. to pound
Concave, -2. a. sm. concave
Coiicavite, sf. coHcaciiy
Coiiceder, ca. to grant, yield
Coaceiilratioii, sf. — tion
CouceiitrtT, ca. to concenter
Concenl(i(iue, «. a. — trie
Conce])liuii, sf. —tion; breedimr;
Concluanl, e. a. concluding;
conomcing
Couclurre, va. to conclude; in-
fer; C'incince
Coiiclusion, sf. —sion; issue
ad. in short; Ic conclude
Conclusions, pi. demands; opin-
ion
, Concoction, sf. —tion
. Concoaibre, sm. cucumber
I Concomitance, ,«/. —tance
I Concomitant, e. a. —taut
I Concordance, sf. agreement; con-
I cor dance
I Concordant, e. a. — dant
I Concordat, sm. concordate; com-
j pact; agreement
Concorde, sf. concord; union
I Concourir, vn. to concur; to *
put in for
une'conceplion louide, a dui/lConcours, sm. concurrence; con-
genius } course
Concernant, pr. concerning Concret, e. a. concrete
Conccrner, va. to relate to; con- 1 Concretion, sf. — tion
cern I Concubine, kept mistress
Concert, 5771. concert; consent
Concerter, va. to concert; try
Concerte, e. a. starched; affect-
ed
Concession, sf. a grant
Concession naire, sm. a grantee
Concetti, sm. false wit
Conceviri»le, -. a. conceivable
Concevoir, va. to conceive; to *
breed; to Word
ConclR', sf. garb; state
Conchyliologic, sf. —gy; con-
cern mg skills
Concierge, '2. s. housekeeper of a
palace; keeper of a prison
Conciergerie, sf. a keeper's place
Conciie, sm. council
Conciliabule, concenliclc
Conciliant, e. a. reconciling
Conciliatt ur, rice. s. reconciler
Conciliation, .«/. reconcilement
Concilier, va. 10 reconcile; gain
Concis, e. a. conci-^e, short
Concision, ,*/. conciseness
Conciloyon, sm. ftllow-citizen;
countryman; comburgess
Conclaniation, sf. —tion
Conclave, sm. conclave
Conclaviste, attendant on a car-
dinal during a conclave
Concupiscence, —cence, lust
Concupiscible, 2. a. —ble
Concurreinnient, ad. in competi-
tion; jointly
Concurrence, sf. —ce; competi-
tion [val
Concurrent, e. 5. competitor; ri-
Concnssion, sf. exaction
Concussionnaire, sm. exactor
Condamnable, 2. a. condcmnablc
Condainnalion,^/. condemnation
Condainner, va. to condemn; to
blame
Condensation, sf. — tion
Condenser, va. to condense
Condescendance, sf. —dcnce
Coniiescendant, e. a. —ding
Condescendre, vn. to condescend,
to * bear with
Condisciple, sm. school-fellow
Condition, sf. — tion; service;
proffer
Condilionn6, e. a. merchantable
Conditionnel, le. conditional
Conditionneilement, ad. condi-
tionally
Conditionner, va. to article; to
* make well
Condol6ance, sf. condolence
iCoodouloir, vn. to condole
Conducteur, sm. conductor ;
guide; tutor
Conductricc, 5/. conductress
Conduire, va. to conduct; steer;
* drive; convey
Se conduire, vr. to behove
Conduit, sm. a conuuit pipe
— do la respiration, icind-pipe
Conduitc',*/. conduct; behaviour;
care
Cojidyle, sm. a prominence of
the articulations
Cone, a cone
Conlabulateur, tale-teller
Conlabulation, sf. — lion
Contabuler, vn. to confabulate
Confection,*/, an electuary
Coniederaliou, confederacy
Se contoderer, vr. to confederate
Contederos, sm.pl. confede^rateSy
allies
Conference, sf. — rence; com
parison
Conferer, v. to confer, admit
Conteiise, sf. confession
Coufesser, va. to confess; own
Se , vr. to confess to a priest
Contesseur, sm. confesscrr
Confession, sf. confession
Contessioaal, sm. confessional
Contiance, sf. confidence; trust
Contiant, e. o. sanguine; eonfi
dent
Contidemment, ad. confidently
Contidence, sf. trusting; inti
macy
Contident, e. s. a confidant
Contidentiaire, sm. who holds ir
trust
Conlier, va. to intrust
Se — , vr. to confide in
Contiguration, sf. —tion
Con liner, va. to confine; border
upon
CouJins, sm. pi. confines
Contire, va. to preserve, pickle
unc peau, to dress a skin
Contirmatit", ve. a. confirmatory
Contiiniation, sf. —linn
t'ontirmer, va. to confirm
Se , vr. to strengthen ane't
self; to * be confirmed
Conliscable, 2. a. —ble; forfeit
able [ure
Coiifiscant, e. a,, liable to forfeit-
Confiscaiion, sf. — tion, forfeit-
ure
Coufiseur, sm. confectioner
Confisquer, va. to confiscate
Confitures, sf. pi. conjits, sweet-
meats
Contiturier, sm. confectioner
Conflagration, sf. —tton
Conrtit, sin. contention, conflict
Confluent, conflux, confluence
Confoiidre, va. to confound
Confirmation, sf. —tion
Conforme, ii. a. conformable
Conrorniement, ad. conformably
Conforiner, va- to conform
Contbrniiste, 2. s. conformist
Conformite, sf. — mity, union,
likeness
Contort, sm. comfort, aid
Conlbrtatif, vc. a. corroborative;
comfortable
Confortation, sf. corroboration
Conforter, va. to invigorate
Confraternite, ContVerie, sf.
brolkerliood; society
Confr6re, sm. brotker, fellow
Confrontation, sf. confronting,
comparing
ContVonter, va. to confront, to
compare
Conlud, e. a. confused, out of
countenance
Confus6nient, ad. confusedly
Confusion, sf. confusion; super-
abundance; disorder; skame
Confutation, sf. — tion
Con;|i;, leave; discharge; warn-
ing; play-day
Congtdier, va. to dismiss
Congelation, sf. —tion
Congeler, va. to congeal; * freeze
Coni^ostion, sf. —tion, mass
Conglutination, —tion
Conglutinor, va. to glue
Congratulation, sf. — tion
Congralnler, va. to congratulate
Congrc, sm. a conger
Congreganiste, a person belong-
ing to a congregation
Congregation, sf. —tion
dfs lideles, the universal
church
Congres, sm. congress
Congru, e. a. congruous; compe-
tent
CON
Congiuement, ad. exactly
Congruent, e. a. congruent
Congruite, sf. congruity
Conjectural, e. a. — ral
Conjecturalement, ad. by guess
Conjecture, sf. conjecture, guess
Conjecturer, va. to conjecture
Conjectureur, sm. conjecturer
Conifere, 'I. a. coniferous
Conjoindre, va. to conjoin
Conjoints, sm. pi. husband and
wife (in law)
Conjointemcnt, ad. jointly
Conjonctif, ve. a. conjunctive
Conjonction, sf. conjunction
Conjonctive, a conjunction
Con^oixcinre, juncture
Conjonissancc, congratulation
Conique, 2. a. conical
Conjugaison, sf. conjugation
Conjugal, e. a. conjugal
Conjngalement, ad. —gaily
Conjuguer, va. to conjugate
Conjurateur, sm. con.-<pirator,
onjurer
Conjuration, sf. — tion, conspi-
racy
Conjurations, pi. entreaties
Coiijuriis, sm.pl. conspirators
Conjurer, va. to conspire; to
conjure; to entreat
Connctable, sm. a constable
, sf. constable's wife
Connctablie, constable's juris-
diction
Connexe, 2. a. connected
Connfixion, sf. connexion
Connexilo, connexion, relation
Connil, sm. a coney, rabbit
Coiiniller, vn. to shift; to play
loose
Connivence, sf. connivance
Conniver, vn. to connive at; *
wink at
Connoissable, 2. a. knowable
Connoissance, af. knowledge,
cognizance, acquaintance;
judgment
Co;inoi!5sances, pi. learning
Connoisseincnt, sm. bill of lad-
ing
Connoisseur, se. s. connoisseur
Connoitre, va. lo*know,account;
* take cognizance of
Conque sf. a conch, shell
CON
45
Conque marine, trumpet
Conqu6rant, sm. a conqueror
Conquerir, va. to conquer; svA
due
Conquele, sf. conquest
Consacrant, a. sm. a bishop who
ordains a person named to a
biihoprick; a priest who says
mass
Consacrer, va. to consecrate; to
devote; adopt; ordain
Se consacrer, vr. to devote one's
self
Consanguin, sm. brother on the
father's side
Consanguinite, sf. — nity
Conscience, conscience
Consciencieusement, conscienti-
ously
Consciencieux, se. a. conscien-
tious
Consecratenr, sm. — crator
Consecration, sf. — tion
Consiiculif, ve. a. — tiv
Conseculivement, ad. —tively
Conseil, sm. counsel; council;
resolution; advice
Conseiller, e. s. counsellor; ad-
viser
Conseiller, va. to counsel, advise
Consentant, e. a. consenting
Consontement, sm. consent
Consentir, vn. to consent
Conso(iuennnent,rt(Z. consequent-
ly; accordingly
Consiiquence, sf. consequence,
precedent
Consequent, sm. consequent
Conservatcur, preserver
Conservation, sf. —tion; pre-
servation
Conservatricc, sf. —trix
Conserve, conserve, comfits
Conserves, sf. pi. preservers^
(spectiiclcs)
Conserver,r(i. to conserve; servtf
to * keep in pay
Se — , vr. to * keep; mind one's
self
Considerable, 2. a. —blc
Considerablement, ad. — ably
Considt'rant, e. a. considerate
Considoralion, sf. —tion, note
Conslder6ment, ad. considerate-
ly
46
CON
CON
CON
Cousiderer, va. to consicUr; *
have a value far
Consigiiaiaire, sin. a trustee
Coiisigiiaiiuii, js/. depoaite; car-
riage
CoiiBigiie, a trust; witchword
Consigner, vx. to di^pusit
ConsUtance, sf. consistence ;
steadiness
Consistuiit, e. a. consisting cf
Consoler, va. to consist, * lie
Coasistoire, sm. consistory, ves-
Coosistoiial, e. a. —rial
Consisiorialfineiit, ad. in a con-
sistory
Consolabie, 2. a. consolablc
Consolaiit, e. a. comfortable
Consolateur, sm. comforter
Consolation, */. —tion, comfort
Consolatoire, 'J. a. —tory
Coudolatrice, sf. cotufurtcr
Console, a bracket; prop
Consoler, va to comfort
Consolidation, *■/. —tion
Consolider, va. to consolidate;
to heal up
Consoinmateur, sm. finisher
Consomnialioii, sf. consumma-
tion; Consumption
Consomme, sm. jelly broth
Consominer, va. to consummate;
consume; boil to rugs
Consomplil',vo. a. s. consumptive
Consomption, sf. con.iu~nption
ConsonncOnce, harmony; thyme
Consonne, a consonant
Consort, e. 5. assjciatc
Consoude, .<?/. comfrcy
Conspiraleur, s./i. —rator
Conspiralioii, sf. —racy
— des poudrei, gunpowder plot
Conspirer, va. to conspire, plot
Conspuer, to * spit upon
Constaniment, ad. constantly,
certainly
Constance, sf. constancy; firm
71655
Constant, e. a. constant; certain
Constater, va. to verify; prjve
Constellation, sf. —tion
Constell6, e. a. made under a
certain constellation
Consternation, sf. —tion
Constemer, va. dispirit, dismay
Constipation, sf. — tion; eos-
tiveness
ConsupeT,va.to Constipate,* bind
Conslituant, e. a. s. constituent
Constituer, va. constitute; place;
raise; * put
une pension, tc settle a pen-
sion
Constitution, —tion, annuity,
composition; order; decree
Constitulionnaire, 2. s. annui-
tant
Coiistrictenr, sm. — tor
Constriction, sf. — tion, compres-
sion
Constringent, e. a. —gent, bind-
ing
Construction, sf. —tion
CoMsiruire, va. to construct, *
build; construe; frame
Consuttstantialite, sf. —lily
Consubsiantiel, le. a. — tial
Consubstanliellement, ad. con-
substantially
Consul, 5/71. consul
Consulaire, 2. a. consular
Consulairement, ad. — larly
Consulaires, sm. pi. former con-
sul
Consuiat, sm. consulship
Consultant, a. «/«. one who is
consulted; counsellor
Consultation, sf. — tion
Consulter, va. to consult
son clievet, to deliberate
Consunian!,e. a. consuming, de-
vouring
Consumer, va. to consume; waste
Se — , vr. to waste away
Contact, sm. contact, touch
Contagieux, se. a. contagious
Contagion, sf. —ginn, plague
Contamination, defiling, pollu
tion
Contamincr, va. to defile
Conte, sm. story, tale
Conttinplaieur, rice. s. — tor
Conteniplatif, ve. a. —tive
Contemplation, sf. — tion
Contempler, va. contemplate,
* behold
Contemporain, e. a. s. cotempo
rary, coetancous
Contempteur, sm. despiser
Contemptible, 2. a. —bit
Contenance, sf. capaciousne-w;
appearance; posture; orde.
Contenant, sm. container
Contendant, ante. a. rival; c<tn
tending
Conienir, va. to contain; * hold
Se contenir, vr. to refrain
Content, e. a. contented; pleased
Conteniement, sm,. content; sa-
tisfaction; pleasure
Contenter, va. to content, satis-
fy; please
Se — , IT. to * be well pleased
Conteniieu.\, se. a. contentious
Conientieusement, ad. contcn
tiously
Contention, sf. — tion; strife;
application
Contenu, sm. contents
Conter, va. tc relate, * tell
Contestable, 2. a. disputable
Contestant, e. a. contending
Contestation, sf. —tion, content
Conteste, dispute, odds
Conlester, va. to contest, contend,
debate
Conteur, se. s. a teller
Conteurde sornettes, sm. a tellet
of idle stories
Contexture, sf. contexture
Contigu, e. a. contiguous; next
Conliguile, sf. contiguity
Continence, —ncnty, chastity
Continent, e. a. continent
Continent, sm. main land
Contingence, sf. — gency
Contingent, sm. quota
e. a. casual
Continu, sm. close by
e. a. continual
Conlinuateur, sm. — tor
Continue, sf. continuance
Continuation, — tion
Continue!, le. a. continual
Continuellemenl, ad. —nually
Continuement, incessantly
Continuer, va. to continue, * go
on
Continuity,."/, continuance; cohU
ness; cohesion
Contortion, contortion
Contour, sm. contour; outline;
circumference; winding
Contoumer, va. to * draw tkt
contours of a picture
CON
CON
CON
47
Coatracriui, e. a. s. contractor
C(jiitiacter, va. to contract
— des deite^, to * run into debt
S3 coiiliaciei, or. to '" s/iriuk up
Conlractioiiyif. ~tion;s/irin/iiit a-
Coutraciiiel, le. stipulated
Contradictcur, sm. opposcr
vJoiuradictioa, sf. —tion
Contradicioire, Z. a. contradicto-
ry; peremptory
Contradicioiiemeirt, ad. contra-
dictorily; peremptorily
Coiitraindie, va. to constrain, to
straiten
Contraitite, sf. constraint; force
— par corps, a writ to arrest a
person {Jul
CoiUrairc, 2. a. contrary; hurt-
, sin. contrary
Coutrariuiit, t*. a. contradictory
Contrarier, va. to contradict,
counteract
Coiilrarifie, af. contrariety
Coatrarieies, pi. dijuulties;
crosses
Coiilraste, sm. contrast; obsta-
cles
Coiilraster, va. to contrast
Coiitrat, sm. contract; covenant
— do doJialion, deed of gift
— d.T nuiriage, articles of set-
tlement
Coiitravt'iition, sf. — tion
Conire, pr. aerainst, near
Cnntre-allee, sf. a small u/aUc
alongside of a great one
Coiitre-ainiral, sm. rear-admiral
Conlre-approchcs, sf. pi. coun
ter- approaches
— balancer, va. to counter-ba
lance
— baiide, 5/. prohibiledor smug-
gled goods
Coiure-bandit-r, e. s. smuggler
— basse, sf. counter-bass
■— batterie, counter-battery
— carrer, va. to thwart
— coup, sm. rebound
- danse, sf. country-dance
Contredire, vn. to contradict
Contredit, sm. answer; contro
versy
Contredits, sm. pi. objections
Oontr6c, sf. country , region
Conlrefacon, counterfeiting
Contrefaire, va. to counterfeit,
to ape, disguise, feign
Ci)ntie-latle, sf. strong lath
Conlre-latler, va. to countvr-
lat/i
— niaitre, sm. a mate
— iiiaiidomeiit, .s/rt. counter maml
— luaiider, va. to countermand
— inarciue, sf. countermaric ;
chick
("oiitre-miae, .•'/. counter mins
— iniiior, va. to countirmine
— miiiL'Ur, sm. ountcr miner
— inur, countcrmure
— murer, va. to countermure
— ordre, sm. counter-order
— partie, sf. first and secondpart
in music
— pfirier, va. to counterpoise
— pie, sm. wrong sense, itevcrsc
— poids, counterpoise, rope-
dancer's pole, balance
— poll, sm. wrong coarse — a coii-
tre poll, against the grain
(^outro-poiiil, sm. connti.rpui-it
— pointer, va. to quilt on buth
sides; to thwart
— poison, sm. counterpoison, an-
tidote
— pieuve, sf. cnunierproof
— proiu'!Sse, couutcrbond
Coiitrescarjje, sf. counterscarp,
slope
Coniroscarper, va. to counter-
scarp
C/i)iitrescol, sm. counter-seal
— sceller, va. to coantrrseal
Coutresigtit, sm. countersign
— sens, wrong sense, wrong side
Contre-signer, va. to counter
sign; to frank
Contrespalier, sm. hedge-row of
trees
Contrelenis, mischance; disap
p ointment
Contretirer, va. to* connterdrnu
Contrevallation, sf. — tion
Contrevenant, e. s. offender
Contrevenir, va. to contravene
to infringe
ContreVent,s/n. an outside shut
ter
Contrev<^rit6, sf. irony
Conlrevisite, second search
Contxibuable, 2. a. taxable
ConUibuant, sm. — butor
Coiitriijner, va. to contribute
Couiribution, sf. — tion
Contrisier, va. to grieve
Contrit, e. a. contrite
Contrition, sf. —tion
Conlrole, sm. control; mark oh
platr; command
Coiuroler, va. to control; veri-
fy; mark plate; carp at
L;iji\uC)leur,sm. comptroller, over-
seer; a critic
Coiiiroverse, sf. controversy
Controvoise, e. a. controverted,
disputed
Couirovcrsistc, sm. — vertisi
Conlrouver. va. to forge; invent
Co.ilnniace, sf. contumacy
Coaluniacer, va. to * cast for
non-appearance; to outlaw
Coiiuuuax, a. a criminal that
dots not appear before the
judge
Coatunielie, sf. — mcly; aJ/use
Contumelieusement, ad. outra-
geously
Coatainelieux, se. a. abusive
(Jonlus, e. a. bruised
Coatnsion, sf. a bruise
Coiivaiacaiit, e. a. convictive,
plain
Convaincre, va. to convince, to
convict
Convalescence, sf. — cence; re-
covery
Convalescent, e. a.— cent, on the
mendinir hand
Conveaable, 2. a. fit; proper;
becoming; befitting; condign
Coaveaablenienl, ad. suitably
Convenaace, sf. suitableness,
decency
Convenant. e. a. suitable, meet
Convenir, vn. to agree, suit, * ba
proper; * become
Convenlicule, sm. conventicle
Convention, sf. — tion, contract,
assembly
Conventioanel, le. a. conven-
tional
Convenlionnellcmcnt, ad. con-
ventionally
Conveatuel, le. a. conventual
Coavenlaellement, ad. —tually
Convenu, e. a. agreed on
48
COQ
Convf rgent, e. a. —gait
Conveis, e. o. s. lay brother, or
sister
Conversation, sf. —Hon
Converser, vn. to convcise
Conversion, sf.- —.<:oii, change
Converti, e. jj. a convrt
Convertible, 2. a. — ble
Convertir, v-i- to concert
Se — , rr. to * be concerted;
change; turn
Convertisst iiieiit, sm. change
Convertissi'iir, a cunr.crtcr
Conv«ixe, 2. rt. crtwrfj
Convexite, sf. rvnvczity
Conviction, —tion
Convi(5, sm. a giifst
Convier, va. to invite; incite
Convive, 2. a. a guest
Convocation, sf. — tion, conrfn-
ing
Convoi, sm. convoy, fun'ral
Convoitable, 2. a. cuvctable
Convoiter, va. to caret
Convoiteux, se. a. covetous
Convoilisu, .>./. covrtousness
Convolcr, m. to many again
C'onvoqucr, va. to convoke; as-
scmhla
Convoyer, va. to convoy
Convuls;', e. a. couculscd; agi-
tated
ConvuJsif, ve. (i ccnruhive
Ccnviilsinn, sf. — sion
Convnlsioniiaire, sm. ont tcho
has convulsive fts
Cooperateur, sm. — rator
Cooperatrice, sf. —mtriz
Cooperation, — tion
Coop^rer, va. to co-operate
Copeau, sm. chip, shaving
Copie, sf. a ropy, picture
Copier, va. to copy, viinic
Copieusonieiit, ad. copiously
<^opipnx, se. a. copious
Copiste, ."m. copier; prompter
Coproprietaire, 2. s. joint-pro-
prietor, or oicver
Copter une cloche, to tint a hell
Copulatif, ve. a. copulative^vin-
ing
Copulation, sf. —tion
Copulative, crnjunction
Copule, copulation [cock
Coq, sm. a cock, church xaathcr-
COR
Coq de biuycre, a heath-cock
— de niarais, o moor-cock
— a I'ane, nonsense
— d'Inde, turkey-cock
— do bois, a pheasant
Coquatre, a young ock
Coque, .?/. egg sh'll, cod
Coquclicot, sin. wild poppy cock-
crowing
Coqueliner, vn. to crow
Coqueluche, sf capuchin; fa-
vourite; hooping-cough
Coqueluclion, sm. hood; cowl
Coqueraar, a boiler
Coqiieret, wintrr cherry
Coquesigrue, sf. idle tnU:; stuff
Coquet, te. a. s. a coquet, beau
Coquptcr, vn. to coquet
Coquetier, sm. a higgler
Coquetterie, sf. co'/uetry
Coqiiillage, sm. shells, shell-
work, shell-fsh
Coquille, sf. a shell
Coquillier,.^m. collection of shells
Coquiiliere, (pierre,) sf stone in
which shells are found
Coquin, e. s. a rogue, jade
, e. a. idle
("o<]!iinaille, >/. pack ofrgues
Coquiner, vn. t.i loiter, i.lli
Coqninerie, sf. knavery
Coi, sm. French horn, a corn
Coniii, Coral, sm. coral
Coral! in, e. a. coraline, red as
coral
Coralloides, sf. pi. seed of white
coral
Coraux, sm, pi. corals
CoT\yeau,sm.ravcn,corbcl,corpse-
bearcr
Corheille, .<^/. bread or fruit bas-
ket
Corbrill^e, basket-full
CorbiMard, sm. a large travelling
coarh, hamper
Coibillon, small, flat basket;
crambo
CnTdages,pl.cnrdage,ropes,cords
Cordager, va. to * make ropes
Corde, sf. cord, mpc, string
— de drap, thread of cloth
— a boyau. cat-gut
— de bois, cord of wood
Cord<^, e. a. twisted, stringy
Cordeau, sm. a line, a cord
COR
<'ordoler, ra. to twi.^t
Cordcllotte, sf. small cord or litio
Cordeliere, hVanciscan nun
— , cordelier's girdle
Cordeliers, S7n.pl. gray friara
Cordelle, sf. party, gang
Corder, ra. to twist, to cord
Se — . rr. to * grow stringy
Cord»'rie,.<f/. a rope-walk or hmist
Cordial, e. a. cordial
L'ri cordial, sm. a cordial
Cordialomeut, ad. cordially
Cordialite, sf. cordialnrss
Cordier, sm. a rope-maker
Cordon, Iwi.-t.strino-, band, gir-
dle, lace, stonc-plint, edge oj
coin, miiling
Cordoniier, ra to twist, will
Cordonncrie, sf. shoe-making
Cordonnet, sm. cfgivg
Cordonnier, a shl-e-makcr, hat-
band-maker
Coiiace, 2. a. tough
CoriTiihicn {m arcliirecture,) svu
the Corinthian order
Corlieii, sm. curlew
CorntP, sf. a service, sorb-apple
Cormier, sm. the service-tree
Cornjoran, cormorant
Comae, rt groom for elephants
Comaline, sf. cornelian
Corne, horn, hoof comet
— d'abondance, cornucopia
Cornee, arnra tf the eye
Corncille, a rrok, a crow
Cornenient, sm. tivgle
Corncmuse, .«/. a bag-pipe
Corner, vn. to * blow a horn, to
trumpet about, tingling
Comet, sm. horv, ink-horn, dice-
boi, rolled wafer
Cometier, a horn-dresser
Comette, .of. a cornet, mob
— , sm. cornet of a troop of horse,
a commodore's broad pennant
Comiclie, .••/. a cornice, gig
Comichon,«OT. a little horn, gir-
kin
Comitre, sf. a sloping drain on -.
the top of houses \
Cornillas, sm. young rook I
Cornonille, sf. cornel-berry I
Comouiller, sm. cornel-tree I
Cornu, e. a. horned, comute !
Corauc, ?/. cucurbite
COR
COT
COU
49
Corollaire, sm. corollary
Coronaire, 2. a.
coronary
Coronal, e. a. coronal
Corporal, sm. a corporal
Corporation, sf. — tion
Corporel, le. a. corporeal
Corporellement, ad. — really
Corporifier, va. to corporify,
suppose a body, assemble
Corps, sm. a body, shape
— de jupe, pair of stays
— de logis, side of a great house
— de for, steel backboard
— inort, a corpse, carcass
— a cori>s pt;rdu, adv. headlong
Corpulence, sf. corpulency
Coipusculaire, ~. a. — lar
Corpuscule, sm. a corpascule
Correct, e. o. correct, exact
Correclement, ad. correctly
Correcteur, sm. a corrector
Correctif, corrective, salvo
Correction, sf. —tion
Correctrice, she who corrects
Corr6gid(jr, sin. — dur
Correlatif, ve. a. s. correlative
Correlation, sf. corrdativeness
Correspondanco, sf. — dtnce
Correspondant, e. a. suitable
Corret;pondant, sui. — dent
Correspondre, vn.. to correspond
Corridor, sm. gallery, corridor
Corriger, va. to correct, temper
Be — , vr. to mend, * for.sake
Corrigible, 2. a. corrigible
Corroboratil', ve. a. —tive
Corroborer, va. to corroborate
Corrodei, (o corrode, gnaw
Corronipre, to corrupt, taint,
mar, bribe, alter, temper
Corrumpu, sm. a debauchee
Corrosif, ve. a. corrosive
, sm. a corrosive
Vorw^ion, sfcorrosion,gnau;ing
Corroi, sm. dressing of leatli<:r
Corroyer, va- to cuiry, plane, to
join
Corroycur, sm. a currier
Corrupteiir, dcbauchcr
Corruptibi!it6, sf. —lily
Corruptible, 2. a. —ble
Corruption, sf. —tion, bribery
Corrupirice, corruptrix
Cors, sm. horns
Corsage, shape, form
PART I.
Corsaire, corsair, privateer, pi-
Corselet, corslet [rate
Corset, stays, bodice
Cort6ge, a retinue, train
Cortical, e. a. cortical
Corv6able, 2. a. averrable
Corvee, sf. a job, average, sta-
tute-work, or labour
Corvette, a cutter, sloop, scout
Corvoyeur, sm. statute-labourer
Coruscation, sf. —tion, flashing
Corybante, s?n. Cijbelc' s priest
Corymbc, coryvibus, tuft
Corymbifere, 2. a. —ferous
(/Oryphee, sm. chief, leader, tcor-
thiest
Coseigneur, joint lord of a ma-
nor
Cosmetique, 2. a. cosmetic, beau-
tifying
Cosmogonie, sf. —gony
Cosmographe, sm. —phcr
Cosniographie, sf. —phy
Cosmograpliique, 2. a. —phical
Cosniologie, sf. — gy
Cosmopolitain, e. *-. —litan
Cosmopolite, 2. s. —lite
Cosse, sf. slull of peas, S,c.
Cosser, va. to butt like a rum
Cosson, sm. corn-iuitt
Cossu, e. a. shelly, rich
(Jostuine, sm. the costume
Cote, cotte, .â– ;/. a petticoat' num-
ber, quota
Cote, a rib, coast, declivity, hil-
lock
Cote a c6te, ad. a-brcast
C6t6, sm. side, sideway, party
Coteau, sm. hillock
Cdlek'ae,sf. chop, catlit,little rib
Coter, va. to quote, endorse, cite
Coterie, sf. a club, society
Cothurue, sm. a buskin
Cotier, a. sm. a coaster
Cotiere, sf. a range of coast,
border
Cotignac, sm. quince, marmalade
Cotillon, under-petticoat
Colisalion, sf. assessment, club-
bing
Cotiser, va. to assess, to club
Cotissure, sf. bruising of fruits
Coton, sm. cotton, down
Cotonner, va. to * stuff with
cotton
Se cotonner, to'" be covered with
cotton
Cotonneux, se. a, spongy, soft
Cotonnier, sm. a cotton-tree
Cotoyer, va. to coast along; to
walk by the side
Cotret, sm. a little fagot, cotrtl
— huile de cotret, a sounJ
drubbing, oakum towel
Cotte d'armes, sf. coat of armt
— de mailles, coat of mail
Cotteron, sm. short petticoat
Cotuteur, a co-guardian
Cou, the neck, narrow pass
— du pied, the instep
Couard, e. a. s. coward
Couardise, sf. cowardice
Couchant, a.m. setting
— , sm. the west
Couche, sf. a bed, bedstead, deti
very, laying in; stake at play ,
hot-bed in a garden, but-end,
stratum, a lay
Couchee, an inn ichere one lies
on a journey, night's lodging
Couclier, va. to * put to bed, t»
* lay, or stake, * lie down
Coucher en joue, to aim at
— par ecrit, to * write down
Se coucher, vr. to * lie down, to
* go to bed, to * set
Coucher, sm. bed-time, bedding;
night's lodging, covclue
— du soleil, sunset
Couchette, sf. a couch ^
Coucheur, se. s. bed-fellow
Couci, couci, ad. so so
Cfiucou, sm. a cuckoo
Coude, the elbow, any angle
Coudee, sf. elbow-room, cvJiit
Coude-pie, sm. an instep
Cuuder, va. to * bend
Coudoyer, to elbow, hunch
Coudraie, .-/. hazel wood
Coudre, sm. a hazel-tree
, va. to sew, stitc/t
Coudricr, sm. haid-vut tree
Couenne, sf. hog's skin
Cou(MU% feather- bed
Coulagp, sm. leakage
Coulannnent, «'/. flunUfy, freelf
Coulant, 0. a.f.ufvl,j!oicing
Cou\ant,sm.necklaec of diamonds
Coule, sm. a quick sinking atep
in dancing
50
COU
COU
COU
Coulee, sf. running hand in
writing
Coulemeiit, sm. running of a li-
quid, flux
Couler, vn. to flow, melt, straijt,
* run
a fond, va. to * sink
Se couler, vr. to * slip along
Couleur, sf. colour, suit at play
Couleurs, sf. pi. Ucery
Coulevriiie, .«/. culvcrin
Coulevree, snake-weed
(•oulcuvre, an adder
Coulis, srn. jelly, gravy
Voiit coulitf, wind t.'iat comes
through a chink
i'onlissc, sf groove, scene of a
play-house, gutUr
Couloir, sm. a strainer, colander
Couipe, sf trespass, sin
Coulure, running
Coup, sm. blow, t.'iro:o, aqt, time,
J}0ut, a viocr, aim, a bit, a
stroke, a druu^.'it
' — de pietl, a kick
Conlre-co'.ip, count-r-hlow
Coupable, 2. a. culpable, guilty
C«mpe, sf. cutting, cut, cup, cu-
pola
Coupd, sm. a coupec, step
Coupeau, sm. top of a hill
Coupe-gorge, cut-throat place
— jnrret, a r.rfian, a.isassin
CoupeUe, sf cppcl, test
Coufellor, va to assay gold
Couper, va. to * cut, * cut off, *
cut out
Se — , VT. to fret, Of stuffs.) to
contradict onc^s mif
('ouper Ch'jir.ln, to * stop tke way
— la parole, to intimtpt
— court, to be * short, in short
— du viii, to brew wine
— la racine, ou —pied a, to rout
out
— Ir. tfete, to behrud
— la l>oi;r.se, to rob
Couperot, sm. a cleavei
Coupernse, sf. copperas
Couperose, e. a. full of red pim-
ples, bloated
Coup-t6te, sm. leap-frog
Coupeur, se. s. a cutter
de boursse, cui-purse
Coupte, */. C0uple, bracCy yoke
Couple, sm. couple {of persons)
Coupler, va. to couple
Couplet, sm. a staff, coxiplet
saiirique, lampoon
Coupleter, va. to lampoon
Coupoir, sm. cutter
Con pole, sf. a cupola
Couiion, sm. remnant, dividend,
shred
Coupure, sf. a cut
Cour, court, courtyard
Courage, sm. courage, heart,
passion
, cheer up !
Courageusement, ad. courage-
ously
Courageux, se. a. courageous
Cour^uinient, ad. currently
Couranl, e. a. current, running
Couraiit, sm. current, course
CouVante, sf. courant, looseness
Courbatu, e. a. foundered
Courbalure, sf. foundering
Courbc, 2. a. crooked
, sf. a crooked piece of tim-
ber, rib of a ship, curbs
Couibcmenl, sm. baiding
Courber, va. to * bend, to bcw
Courbette, sf. curvet, mean com-
plaisance
Courbettor, vn. to currct
Courbuttcs (.faire dcs,) to cringe,
to fawn
Courburc, sf. curvity, bent
Courcaillet, sm. quails-call
Coureur, sia. a running fvolman,
rambler, racer
Coureur, scouts
Courcuse, sf. gadder, street-
walker
Courge, a gourd, a yoke
Courier, sm. courier
— (le cabinet, state-messenger
Courir, vn. to* run, rumble
— h touips jambcs, to * run with
full speed
— la poste, to * ride post
— le corf, to hunt a stag
— la pretanlaiiie, to gad up and
down
— lea mcrs, to infest the seas
Courlis, sm. a curlew
Couronne, sf. a crown, coronet
Couronnement, sm. coronation,
finishing, crown-work
Couronuer, va. to crown
Couroisaure, sf. sumv,it of c
stag'' s horns
Courroif.-, sf. leather string
Courroucer, va. to irritate
Se cournjucer,rr. to * begrcailt>
incensed, to rage
Courroux, sm. wrath, raging
Cours, coursr, run, airiug-placi,
Cours de ventre, looseness
Course, sf. running, race, cruise,
incursion
Coursier, sm. courser, charger,
steed
Court, e. a. short, brief
Court, ad. short, quick
Courtage, sm. broksrage
Conrtaud, a thickset vian. crop'
prd horse
— (ie boutique, shopman
Courlaudcr, va. to ♦ crop (a
horse's tail)
Court btiuillon, sm. a particular
way of dressing fl.^'h
Courie-liuleiiie, sf. short breath
Courterr.t nt, ad. brirfly, short
C(.urt< pointe, sf. counterpane
Cuuitihaut, sm. thick and thort
man
Courtier, a broker
— de chevaux, a jockey
Courtine, sf. a curtain {in for-
tiflciition)
Ciiiirtisau, sm. a courtier
Courtisaue, .«/. a courtesan
Courliser, va. to court
Courtois, e. a. courteous, civil
Conrtcistnicnt, a!, courttoush
Courloibie, sf. cnurt^ousnc^s
Cous^ii), e. 5. cousin, rrnut [drcd
Cousinage, sm. covsinship, kin-
Cousiner, va. to call cousin, to
spunge
Cousinfere, sf. fence of gauze
against gnats
Coupoir, sm. a sewing-press
Coupsin, a cushion, pillow
Cous.-;inet, bag, pad, quilted etO'
macher
Cou?u, e. a. sewed
Cout, sm. cost, price
Couteau, a knife
— de chasse, a hanger
— a pied, shaemaker's cutting
k-nife
CRA
CRA
CRE
51
< 'outelas, sm. a cutlass
Cijutele, e. o. slaughtered
Coutelloiie, sf. cutlery
C'outellitTe, a case of knives
Cnuter, vn. to cost, * stand in
Couteline, sf. coarse calico
Couteux, se. a. expensive
Coutier, sm. ticking- maker
C'outil, Coutis, ticking
Coutre, coulter, plough-share
Coutuiiie, sf. cusiovi, toll
Ctoutumier, e. a. customary, com-
mon
Coulum'ier, sm. common-law book
Couture, scam, sewing, scar
Couturicre, sf. a mantuamakcr,
a sca7nstress
Couv'-'e, a covey, vest of eggs
t'ouve, e. a. fusty
Couvent, sm. a convent
— d'lioiiiincs, friary
— de filles, nunnery
Couver, va. to brood, sit on, *
breed, incubate, lurk
Couvorcle, sm. a cover, lid
Couvert, the cloth, cover, lodg-
ing, shady place
Couvert, e. a. covered, clad, hid,
closc,obschrefull,luaded,dark
Couveite, .s/. a deck, enavul of
China ware
CouvertPinent, ad. secretly
Couveiture, sf. cover, blanket,
rug, roof, cloth
Coiivfjrturt'j^, pi. bed-clothes
C'ouvcrt'irif r, sm. bed ding- seller
Couvet, a sort of slave
Couvouse, sf. that broods
C'ouvi, a. m. addle, rotten
Couvrc-cJiff, sm. kerchief
— feu, curfew, fire- screen
— pied, cover-feet, quilt
— plat, dish-cover
Couvreur, sm. a tiler
— en ardoise, a slater
— eu chaunie, thatcher
— de chaises, chair-maker
Couvrir, va. to cover, * hide,
conceal, defend, load
Se — , vr. * be overcast, * put
one's hat on, * put on a suit
Crabe, sm. a crab
Crabier, sm. erab-eattr, (a West
India bird)
Crac, sm. crack, crackling noise
Crac, ad. that's a fib
Urachal, sm. spittle
Crachemeiit, spitting
Cracher, va. to * spit
Cracheur, se. s. a sjntter
Crachoir, sm. a spitting-pot
Crachotenient, spitting often
Cracljoter, vn. to * spit often
Craie, sf. chalk
Ciaiiidre, va. to fear, dread
Crainte, sf. fear, awe
Crainte de, for fear of, lest
Craintif, ve. a. fearful, timorous
Craintivement, ad. fearfully
Cranioisi, sm. crimson
Cramoisi, e. a. crimson, dyed in
grain
Crampe, sf. cramp
Crampon, S7n. cramp-iron
Cramponner, vn. fasten with a
cramp-iron
Se cramponner, to * cling at any
thing
Crampounet, sm. little cramp or
staple
Cran, notch
Crane, the skull, a hot-brained
fellow
Crapaud, a toad
Crapaudaille, sf. thin crape
Crapaudiere, swampy place
Crapaudine, toad-stone, iron
wurt, malt-worm, sort of pear
— a la crapaudine ; pigeons a
la crapaudine, broiled pigeons
Crapoussin, S7n. a little ill-shap-
ed man
Crapoussine, sf. a little ill-shap-
ed woman
Crapule, gross intemperance
Crapuler, vn. to*cat and * drink
to excess
Crapuleux, se. a. intemperate
Craquehn, s7n. cracknel
Craquement, crack
Craquer, ra. to crack,!ioait,snap
Craquetement, sm. cracking
Craquetcr, vn. to crackle
Craqueur, se. 5. a boaster
Crasse, sf. dirt, nastincss, rust,
dross
Crasse, a. gross, thick
Crasseux, se. a. filthy, sordid
Cratere, sm. crater, round cup
Cravate, sf. cravat
Cravaie, sm. a Croat
Crajon, pencil; description ;
rough draught
Crayonner, va. * draw, sketch
Ciaj'onneur, sm. a drawer with
crayons
Cieance, sf. trust, belief, debt
Creancier, e. s. creditor
Ureal, sm. an usher in a riding
school
Crealeur, Creator, Maker
Creation, sf. creation
Creature, creature
Crecelle, a rattle
Cr6cerelle, a hawk
Creche, a manger, crib
Uredence, cupboard where the
church plate is kept
Credibiliie, —lity
Credit, sm. credit, interest
Crediter, va. to credit one in tht
day-book
Credo, sm. creed
Ci^A\x\e,2. a. credulous, sangv.int
Credulite, sf. credulity
Creer, va. to create
Cr^mailliere, sf. a pot-hanger
Cr6maillon, sm. a hook
Creme, sf. cream
fouettce, empty, frothy dis-
course
Crcmer, vn. to cream
Creneau, battlement, pinnacle
Crenel6, e. a. embattled
Cr6neler, va. to indent, notch
Cr6nelure, .<â– /. indenting
Creole, L'. 5. Creole, Crcolian
Cr6page, sm. the glossing of
crapes
Ciepe, sm. crape
Crejip, sf. pancake
Cr^^pir, va. to frizzle, * crisp
Crepi, sm. rough cast
Cr6piiie, sf. fringe
Cre|)ir, va. to parget
Crepigsure sf. rough ca&t
Crej)ilation, crackling of fire
Crepoii, sm. thick crape
Cr6pu, e. a. crisped, frizzled
Crdpuscule, sm. twilight
Creeson, sm. cresses
Cressonniere, sf. cresses-plot
Crete, crest; cock's comb; bank
of a ditch, tuft
Baisser la crfcte, to decline
52
CRl
CRO
CRU
Crfile marine, samphire
— de ble, pyramidal pile of *
com
Cr6t6, e. a. tufted
Cretonne, sf. sort of white linen
Creva'iWe, g^uttling-
Crevasse,* crevice, gap,scralches
Cr6vasses aux mains, chap^ in
one's hands
Crtvasser, ra. to * chap; * crack
Creve-coenr, sm. heart-break
Crever, va. to* burst, cramp, put
out
Crevette, sf. prawn
Creusemenr, sm. digg^ing {into
Creuser, va. to dig, or * drive
Creuset, sm. crucible
Creux, hollow pit, mould
Creux, ee. a. hollow, detp, chime-
rical
Cri, sm. cry, shriek, motto
Criailler, va. to bawl, scold
Criaillerie, sf. bawling
Criailleur, se. s. a bawler
Criard, e. a. s. bawling; bawler
Criant, ante, o. glaring, shame-
ful
Cril)le, sm. a sieve
L'ribler, va. to sift
Cribleur, sm. a sifter
Criblurc, sf. siftings
Cribration, sifting
Cric, sm. ivgine for lifting bur-
dens
Cric-crac, crick-crack
Criee, sf. an auction, butcry
Crier, vn. to cty out, proclaim,
inveigh, clamour
Crierie, sf. cry, clamour
Crieur, se. s" a bawler; crier,
undertaker
Crime, stn. crime, .^in
Crime (ie lozc-majost6, high-
triason
Criminaliste, sm. a writer upon
criminal matters
Cnmin*'!, le. a. criminal, guilty
Criiiiint^l, stn. malrfactur
Criiriiiu'llemeut, ad. — nally, ca-
pitoUy
Crin, sm. horse-hair
Cr\i\<i,e. a. hairy {hair
Criiiier, sm. worker or dealer in
ChiVii-tc.sf. horse or lion's mane,
paltry wig
Criole, Creole, 2. 5. a Creole,
Crcolian
Crique, */. creek
Criquet, sm. a tit; bad horse
Crise, sf. crisis
Crispation, sf. —tion, wrinkling
Crisper, va. to draw, squeeze
Crista), sm. crystal
Cristallin, e. a. crystalline
Cristallisation, sf. — zation
Cristalliser, va. to crystallize
Critiquable, 2. a. censurable
Critique, critical, captious
Critique, sm. a critic
Critique, sf. criticism; criti-,
censure
Critiquer, va. to criticise
Croassement, sm. croaking
Croasser, vn. to croak {pole
Croc, sm. houk; fangs; sharper.
Croc en jambe, trip
Crocs, SOT. pi. whiskers
Croche, 2. a. crooked
, sf. a quaver
Crochet, sm. hook, steel yard,
vicklock, crochet
Crocliets, fangs, braces
Crocheter, va. to * pick a lock
Crocheteur, sm. porter, pickLck
Crocheteuse, sf. basket-woman
Crocliu, e. a. crooked, houkcd
Crochuer, va. to * bend, crook
Crocodile, sot. a crocodile
Crocus, saffron-flower
Croire, va. to believe, * think
Croisade, sf. crusade, hoiy war;
madness
Crois6, sm. a croise, a dupe
Crois6e, (serge,) .s/. kersey
Crois6e, casement; cross-bar
window
Croisement, sm. crossing
Croiscr, va. to * lay cross-wise;
* strike out; cruise; cross
Se — , vr.* lie cross; * take upon
one the cross of the holy war,
to play the fool
Croiseur, sot. a crui.tcr
Croisiere, sf. cruise
Croisure, cross-web
Cro'issance, growing age; growth
Croissant, sin. crescent, hook
Croit, increase {v)az
Croitre, vn. to* grow, increase,
Croix,*/, a cross
Qx(H\nKnX,e. a. scrunching, crack-
ling
Croquant, sm- a poor wretch
Croque-lardon, spunger
Croquer, vn. to scranch; crackle-
devour; pilfer
Croquet, sot. thin and hard gin
gtrbrcad
Croqueur, a devourer
Croquignole, sf. a fillip
Croquigiioler, va. to fillip
Croqiiis, sot. sketch
Crosse, .*/. crosier, but-end, bat
drumstick, or pestle
Cros-sC, o. who has- the privilege
of carrying the crosier
Crosser, vn. to plar^ at cricket;
treat with great contempt
Crosscur, sm. a cricket-player
Crotle, sf. dirt, mud; dung of
animals
Crotter, va. to dirt
Crotiin, sm. dung of horses, S>c.
Cro\iWmer\\,sinking{of a house,)
shaking
Crouier, va. to * sink, * shake
(^roulier, e. a boggy
Crou{)adi', sf. bounding of a
horse
Croiipe, croup; top of a hill
Croupi, e. a. stagnated
Croupier, sot croup, crovper
Croupitl'te, */. crupper
Croupion, sot. rump
Croupir, vn.. to * stand st.ll;
abide
Croupissant, e. o standing
Crousliile, .-/. pince of cru.^t
Crousliller, vn. to * cut a cni.-t
Crouslilleuseiiient, ad. comical-
ly, with mirth
Croustilleux, se. a. droll, delicate
Croulc, sf. crust; scurf; rind
I Croutelolte, a little ciust
Crouton, sot. a crusty piece of
bread
Croyablc, 2. a. credible
Croyance, sf. beliif, trust
Croyant, sot. a believer
CruautC, sf. cruelty; grievous '
thing I
C rue he, a pitcher; llochhead '
j Crucfi^c, a pitcher-full
Cruclion, sm. little pitcher
' Crucial, u. a. crucial
GUI
Crucift;re, 2. a. cruciferous
Crucifier, va. to crucify
Crucitieiiieiit, sm. crucifixion
Crucifix, a crucifix
Crucifixion, sf. — zion
Cru, e. a. raw; blunt; kard; un-
mannerly; indigested; imper-
fect
Cru, S7a. growth; soil
Crudite, .«/. rawness; crudity,
indigestion
Crue, increase
Cruel, Ic. a. cruel, hn-d
Cruellouic'iit, ad. crudbj
Crueiueiit, bluntly, rashly
Cturol, e. a. crural
Cnislac6e, «. crustaccous
Cruzadc, sf. cruzado
Crypto, sf. burying vault
Cu, cul, sm. bottom
Cd de laiupo, a tail-piece
Cu de ploiub, a sedentary man
Cu de sac, a blind alley
Cu bianc, white tail
Cu de jalle, a lame man
Cu de ba.sse fosse, a dungeon
Cu d'arlichaut, bottom of an ar-
tichoke
Cube, sm.. a cube
Cubaiioti, 5/. cubation
Cubique, 2. a. cubical
Cubital, e. a. cubital
Cucurbitaiiis, sm. pi. flat worms
Cucurbite, sf. cucurbitc
Cueilie, a breadth of sailcloth
Cueiiicret, s/rt. the rent roll of a
manor
Cueillefte, sf. haroest^gathering,
collection
Cueiileur, se. a gatherer
Cueillir, va. to gather, to * pick
Cueilloir, sm. fruit- basket
Cuillor, sf. a spoon, ladle
— a pot, a pot-ladle
Cuilleree, a sitoonful
Cuilleron, sm. bowl of a spoon
Cuir, leather, hide
Cuirasse, sf. a cuira.is
Cuirasse, e. sf. with a cuirass;
prepared
Cuirassier, sm. cuirassier
Cuire, v. to cook; digest; smart;
bake; tq * do; * dress; digest
Cuisant e. a sharp, smart
CuUiue, sf. kitchen; cookery
CUR
Cuisiner, va. to cook
Cuisinier, e. s. cook
Cuissart, sm. thigh armour
Cuisse, sf. thigh; leg of a fowl
Cuissoii, dressing of victuals;
smart
Cuissot, sm. haunch of a deer
Cuistre, servant in a college, pe-
dant
Cult, e. a. done; dressed; boil-
ed, baked, roasted
Cnile, sf baking
Cuite des briques, burning of
bricks
Cuivre, sm. copper
jauue, copper
Cuivrer, va. to copper over
Cul, bottom, see Cu, <^c.
Culasse, sf. the breech of a gun
Culbute, sf .overthrow ;hcels over
head
Culbuter, v. to * overthrow; *
break; tumble
Ciil6e, sf. butment of a bridge
Culminant, a. m. — ating
Culmination, sf. —tion
Culminer, vn. to culminate
Culot, sm. a nestling; dross
Culotte, sf. breeches; hack part
of a pigeon; rump of beef
Culottiu, sm. close breeches; child
newly breeched
Culte, worship
Cultivable, 2. a. capable of cul-
ture
Cultivateur, sm. husbandman
Cultiver, va. cultivate, manure
Culture, sf. culture, tillage
Cumin, Am. cumine
Cuinnlatif, ve. a. accumulative
Cutnulativement, ad. accumula-
tively
Cumuler, va. to accumulate
Cupidite, sf. cupidity, lust
Cupidon, sm. Cupid
Curable, 2. a. curable
Curage, sm. cleansing
Curatelle, sf. guardianship
Curateur, rice, s. guardian
Curatif, ve. a. curative
CuTC, sf. a cure; living; par
sonage; cleaning
Cur6, sm. a parson, rector
Cure-dent, a toothpick
Cur6e, sf. hound's fees, carnagi
DAG
53
Cure-oreille, sm. ear-picker
CuTer,va. to cleanse, to * pick
Cureur, sm. night-man; cleanser
Curial,€, a. belonging to a par'
Curie, sf. part of a tribe in aw
cicnt Rome
Curieusement, ad. curiously
Cuiieux, se. a virtuoso
Curion, sm. a priest instituted
by Romulus [show
Curiosiie, sf. curiosity, rare4
Curviiigiic, 2. a. curvdineal
Curvite, sf. curcity
Curule (chaise,) curule chair
Curures, sf. pi. dregs of a wett
or sink
Custode, sf. holster-cap, pyx
Custode, sm. warden
Cutanee, 2. a. cutaneous
Cuticule, sf. cuticle, thin skin
Cuve, a tub
Cuveau, sm. little tub
Cuvee, sf. a tab-full
Cuver, vn. to work, fret
Cuvette, sf. a cistern; a little
ditch
Cuvier, sm. a fish tub, bucking
tub
Cycle, cycle
Cycle solaire, cycle of the sun
Cycle lunaire, ou nombre d'of,
cycle of the moon, or golden
number
Cyclopc, a cyclop, a smith
Cygne, swan; great poet
Cyliiidre, cylinder, roller
Cylindrique, a cylindrical
Cymbales, .</. pi. cymbals
Cyniqiii!, 2. a. cynical
Cynique, sni. a cynic
Cynisme, moroseness, impudence
Cypres, cypress-tree
Czar, czar, emperor
Czarine, sf. czarina
D
DACTYLE, sm. dactylt
Dada, hobby horse
Dadais, a booby
Dague, */. dagger; pricket; t%uk
de pr6v6t, cat o' nine tail*
Oaguer, va. to stab
54
DAT
DEB
DEB
Daigiier, va. to deign, vouchsafe
Dagdel, sin. young slug
Daim, a buck; deer
Daine, sf. a doe
Dais, sm. a canopy
Dalle, sf. afiag (flat stone)
Dalmatique, a. dalmatic
Dam, sm. cost; loss; torments
Damas, damask, dmnsoii
Daraasquiner, va. tu damask
Damasquinure, sf. —quining
Daniasse, sm. damasked linen
Damasser, va. to work damask-
like
Daiiiassure, sf. damasking
Da;nc:, sf. lain, goo lij, draughts
— dc; trefle, queen of clubs
Dame-jeaime, a large bottla
Dame, ad. nay, marry
Iia.mGT,v a.to crown{ai draughts)
— le pion, to * outdo one
Dameret, sm. a beau., a spark
Dainier, draught-board
Damnable, 2. "a. damnable
Da;uuableraent, ad. damnably
Damnation, sf —lion
Dainner, va. to damn
Damoiseau, sm. a fop, spark
Damoiselle, .'?/. a damsel
Danch6, e. a. indented
Dandin, sm. a ninny, a dandy
Dandinement, sm. jolting
Dandiner, va. to behave like a
ninny
Danger, sm. danger,
Dangereusement, ad. danger-
ously
Dangereux, se. a. dangerous
Dan5, pr. in, into, within; with
Danse, sf. dance, dancing
Danser, v. to dance
Danseur, se. s. a dancer
Dard, sm. a dart, spindle
Darder, va. to dart, * shoot
Dardenr, sm. dart-flinger
Dariole, sf. a custard
Dame, slice offish
Darse, a wet dock
Darsine, a small wet dock
Dartre, tetter, ringworm
Dartre farineuse, scurf
Dataire, sm. datary
Date, sf. a date
Dater, va. to date
Daterie sf. datary' s office
Datif, sm. dutioe case
Dade, sf. date (fruit)
Datiier, sm. d its-tree
Davaniage, ad. more; besides,
moreover
Daiibe, sf. a kind of sauce
Daiijbfr, va. to drub, to jeer
Daubeur, sm. bantercr; sneenr
Davier, pincer for tseth
Dauphin, dauphin; dolphin
Daupliine, sf. Dauphincss
D'autant que, c. whereas
D'autant plus, ad. the more
mieux, the rather
De, pr. of, from, some, to, with,
by, at
De nuit, in the night
De la sorte, so, thus
De plus, moreover
De par, in the name of
De ce que, c. because, that
D6 sm. die; thimble
Debaclage, sm. clearing
Debacle, sf. breaking of a frozen
river
Debaclement, sm. breaJdng of
the ice
D6bacler, vn. to break as ice in
a river; clean a harbour, or
door
Debacleur, sm. water-bailiff
Debagouler, va. to *talk at ran-
dom
Deballer, to unpack, to pack up,
or * go away
Debandade, a la d^bandade,
confusedly disorderly
Debandemenl, sm. relaxation
Debander, va. to unlock, relax
Se — , vr. to slacken; disperse
Debanquer,t?a. to ruin the bank-
er (gaming term)
D6barassement, sm. clearing
D6barasser, va. to clear; * get
out
D6barbouiller, to wash the face
Debarcadour, sm. place for the
landing of a ship's cargo
Dibardage, unlading
D6 harder, va. to unlade wood
Debardeur, sm. a lighterman
D6barquemcnt, disembarking
D6barquer, v. disembark; land;
unlade
Dcbarras^er, va. to clear
Dcbarrer, to unbar
Diihat, sm. debate, strife
Dtl'batcr, ca. * take off the. pack-
sadile
Dobafiser, to unchristian
Debattre, to .lebote
Se debattre, iir. to struggle; toss
DebaiKhe, sf. debauchery
Debauclie, sm. a debauchee
Debauchee, sf. a lewd woman
Debaucher, va. to debauch; to
bribe, to entice aicay
Se — , va. to folloxc ill courses^
* l''ave off one's work
Debet, sm. balance, debtor
Debitfer, va. to disorder; cloy
Debile, 2. a. feeble
Debilement, ad. feebly; weakly
D6biiitation, sf. —tion
Sy&hWn^, feebleness, —lity
Debjiiter, va. to enfeeble
Debit, sm. sale, utterance
Debiter, ra. to vend, utter
— en gros, to * sell hy wholesale
— en detail, to * sell hy retail
Debiteur, se. s. spreader ofnewi
D6biteur, rice, o debtor
Deblayer, va. to * rid, to clear
D^boire. sm. twanrr, griff
Deboitement, disjointing
Deboitcr, va. to*put out of joint,
to 7Carp
Dobniidc.r, to open the dam
Dobonder, vn. Se debonder, vr.
to sluice out: * break forth
Debondonner, va. to unhung
Df-bonnaire, 2. a. affable; gra
c/ou.^; kind; good
Debonnairement, ad. kindly
D6bon!iairet6, sf. kindness
Dtibord, sm. spreading of bat
humiiurs
Debonl6, e. a. dissolute
Dehordeinoiit, sm. overjlowing;
proHin-ary
Dcbordor, vn. Se d6border, vn.
to * overflow [out
Deborder, vn. to leap over; jut
D6bord(!r, va. to unhorder
D*^ hotter, to pull off one' .^ boots
Delxjuch^, Deljoiichfment, sm.
'-p-^ninrr, opportunity, means
Di^boiKher, ra. ti* unstop; open
D'bniirler, to unbuckle; uncurl;
* uv wring
DEC
DEC
DEC
55
Deboiiilli, sin. the trying of co
lours (in dying)
Ufcbouillir, va. to try colours in
dying
Debouquement, sm. disembogu
ing; sailing off
Debijiiquer, va. to sail out of a
strait
Dtibourber, va. to cleanse
Debourier, to polish a young
man
Debours6, sm. money laid out
Debourseinent, disbursement
Dobourser, va. to disburse
Debout, ad. up, standing
Debouter, va. to reject (in law)
DHboutouner, to unbutton
Debrailler, (Se) vr. to open one^s
breast
Debredouiller, va. to save the
lurch
D6brider, to unbridle; despatch
Debris, sm. wreck; waste; rub-
bish
Debrouillemcnt, clearing
Debrouillcr, va. to clear"
Dcbrutir, to polish^ clear off
Debuclier, vn. to start out of the
iDood (hunting term)
Debusquenient, sm. driving out
D6busquer, va. to * drive out, to
supplant; turn ovt
Debut, sm. the had, the begin-
ning of an enterprise
Debater, vn. to * begin; to knock
away; to play first
Deca, ad. on this side
Dficacheter, ua. to unseal
Decade, sf. drcade^iiumbcr of ten
[)ecadciice, decay; decline; ruin
Decagone, sm. decagon
Decaijiser, va. to * take out of a
chest
Decalogue, sm. decalogue
Decani6ron, dccauicron (ten
days)
Diicaiiipment, decampment
Decaniper, va. to decamp; march
off
Decanat, sm. dranry
D6cantation, sf. decanting
Df^canter, va. to decant
D6caper, to part iUr verdigrise
from the copper
Decapitation, .«/. beheading
Ddcapiter, va. to behead
Decarreler, to unpave
D6casquer, to * take off' one's
helmet
D6ceder, vn. to decease; to die
Deceindre, va. to ungird
D6c6lement, sm. detection
D6celer, va. detect, disclose, be-
tray
D6celeur, se. s. informer
D6cembre, S7n. December
D6cerament, ad. decently
Decemvir, sm. decemvir
D6cemviral, e. a. —ral
D6cemvirat, sm. decemvirate
Decence, sf. decency, decorum
D6cennal, e. a. decennial
Decent, e. a. decent, becoming
D6ception, sf. deception, deceit
Dccerner, va. to decree; ordain
D6ces, sm. decease, death
Decevant, e. a. deceitful; crafty
Decevoir, va. to deceive
Dechainement, sm. outrageous
talk
D6cliaincr, va. to unchain; to
exasperate
Se — , vr. * break loose; rail at
D(^chalander, va. to * hurt a
shop's custom
D6clianter, to change one's note;
to yield
Decliarge, sf. unloading; volley;
storehouse; casement ; dis-
charge; acquittance
Decliatfjer, va. to unload; dis-
charge; ease; open.
Dechargeur, sm. porter, dis-
charger
D6clianner, va. to unbeiritch
Dcchai'iie, e. a. scraggy; Iran
Decliaruer, va. to * pick off the
flesh, â– * make lean, thin, lank
Style decbarn6, ajrjnne stijlc
D6chaussement, sm. the pulling
off shoes or stockings
Dechaiisser, va. to pull off on"' s
tfhocs and stockings; bare the
roots of trees; clear the tooth
of a gum
D6chaussoir, sm. lancet
Dficheance, sf. forfeiture, loss
D6ciiet, s?n. diminution, loss
D6cheveier, t)a. to dishevel
D6chevetrer, to unhaltcr
D6chiffrable, 2. a. that can ba
deciphered
D6cliifFrement, sm. deciphering
Dechiffrer, va. to decipher; clear
Dccliiffreur, sm. a decipherer
Dechiqueter, va. to pink; slash,
* cut
Decliiqueture, sm. a pinker
D6chiqueture,5/. pinking; slasJ^
ing; cutting [boats, Src.
D6chiirage, sm. breaking of old
D6chirement, tearing, breaking
D6chircr, va to * tear; defame
Decliiruie, sf. rent
Dechoir, vn. to decay, * fall off
Decliouer, va. to ^ get off
D6cider, lUcide; resolve; dispose;
* put an end to
D6cimable, 2. a. tUhablc
Decimal, e. — mal
D6cimatcur, sm. tithingman
D6cimation, sf.—tion
Decimer, va. to decimate
D6cimes, sf. pi. the tenths
Decircr, va. to free from wax;
to clean
Decisif, ve. a. decisive, clear
Decision, sf. decision
Di^cisivement, ad. positively
Ducisoire, 2. a. decisory
Declarnateur, sm. noity orator
D6(!aniatiou, sf. —tion; abuse;
bombast
Declamatoire, 2. a. declamatory
Declainer, v. declaim; inveigh
Declaraiif, ve. a. —rative
Declaration, sf.—tion; list
Declaratoire, 2. a. â €” ratory
D6c!arer, vn. to declare; shoio
DcclJM, sm. decline; wane; end
Declinable, 2 a. — ble
Dediiiaison, sf. declension; dc
clivation
Deciinatoire, — tory
i)ecliu(r, v. to decline; decay
Declivite, .9/. declivity
DecioJtre, c. «. vncloistcre.d
D6clorre, v. to unclose, open
Declos, e. a. disclosed, opened
Decloner, vr. to unnnil
Decoci'.enient, sm. shooting
D^cncJier, va. to * shoot
Dtcocfion. .<tf. decoction
D6cojfler, vn. to uncoif; uncorhf
discompose hair
56
DEC
DED
DEF
Decollation, sf. beheading
Decollemem, sm. ungluing
D6colleie, e. a. uhose breast is
bare
Decoller, va. to unglue; behead
Decolorer, to discolour, tarnish
Decolleter, va. to uncover the
breast
D6conibrer,t« clear from Tmbbish
D^combres, sm. pi. rubbish
D6coinposer, va. to discompose;
to dissolve, resolve
Decomposition, sf. dissolving
D6compte, sm. discount
D6compter, va. to discount, de-
duct; * give way
Deconcerler, disconcert ; con-
found, * put out, baffle
Se — , vr. to be out of countenance
Deconfire, va. discomfit; rout
D6confilure, sf. discomfiture,
rout, defeat
D6confort, sm. despair
D6conforter, va. to discomfort,
* cast down, despond
D6conseiller, to dissuade
D6ct»ntenancer, to put out oj
countenance, confound
Deconvenue, sf. misfortune
Dt>corateur, sm. decorator
Decoration, sf. ornament
Decorations, pi. scenes of a the-
atre; scenery
Decorder, va. to untwist
Decorer. to decorate, adorn
Decortication, .«/. — tion
Decorum, sm. dtcorum, decency
Decouclier, va. to * lie abroad
Decoudre, en. to unsew; * rip up
Decouler, vr. to trickle, to * run
down
DecouIement,«m. trickling; 7-un-
ning; fluxion of humours
Decoiiper, va. to * cut into fi-
gurfs; to pink; to carve
Decoupeur, se. s. a pinker
Decouple, e. a. veil-set
Decoupler, va. uncouple; let
loote
Decoupure, sf. pinking; cut
cloth, cut paper- work
Decouragement, sm. discourage-
ment
Decoura^or, va. to diswurage,
dcfret*
Decours, sm. decrease, wane
Decousu, e. a. unsewed; out of
order; ript
Decousure,5/.a breach ofstitches
Decouvert, e. a. uncovered; dis-
covered; revealed; open
Decouverte, sf. discovery
Decouvrir, va. to uncover; dis-
cover; perceive; reveal
Se — , vr. to pull off one's hat; *
make one's self known
Decouvrir le pot aux roses, to
discover the mystery
Decrasser, va. to clean; polish
Decreditement, sm. discredit
Decrediter, va. to discredit
Decrepit, e. a. decrepit; crazy
Decrepitation, sf. — tion
Decrepiter, va. to dry salt by the
fire
Decrepitude, sf. — tude, decay,
craziness
Decret, 5/71. decree, warrant
Decretales. sf.pl. decretals
Decreter, va. to decree, award;
order
Decri, sm.cryin/r down; disgrace
Decrier, va. to cry down; to dis-
grace; * make odious
Decrire, va. to describe; draw a
line
D6crochement, sm. unhooking
Decrocher, Decroctieter, va. to
unhook
Decroire, vn. to disbelieve
Decroissement, sm. decrease
D6croitre, rn. io decrease
Decrotter, va. to rub off the dirt;
clean
Decrotieur, sm. a shoe-boy
Decrottoire, sf. a shoe-brush
Decruer du til, va. to prepare
raw thread
Decuirasser, to * take off one's
cuirass
Decuple, 2. a. sm. tenfold
Decupler, va. to increase tenfold
Decurie, sf. a committee of ten
judges; band of ten troopers
Decurion, sm. a decurion
DedaiRner, r. to disdain, scorn
Dedaigneusement, ad. disdain-
fully
Dedaigneux, se. a. disdainful,
scornful
Dedain, sm. disdain, scorn
Dedale, a labyrinth, a maze
Dedamcr, vn. to * put a man oitl
of the first row {at draughts^
Dedans, ad. pr. in, within
Detians, sm. the inside
Dedicace, sf. dedication; eonstr
cration
D6dicatoire,2. a. dedicatory
Dedier, va. to dedicaU; address
Dedire, to disown, blame
Se , vr. to recant, * go from
one's word
Dedit, sm. a forfeit
Dedommagement,indemnifying,
satisfaction
Dedornmager, va. to indemnify
Dedorer, to ungild
Dedoubler, to unloin [tion
Deduction, sf. —tion, cnumera
Deduire, va. to deduct; deduce
Deesse, sf. goddess
Se detacher, vr. to * be pacified
Defaillance, sf. fainting, swoon
Defaillant, sm. he that contemns
the court; wanting'
Dofailiir, ca. to fail; to decay;
to swoon
Se defaire, vr. to * be dashed;
* rid one's self of; kill one's
self; * sell off; * leave off
Defaite, sf. defeat, evasion
Defalcation, —tion
Detalquer, va. to defalcate
Defaveiir, .«/. disgrace
Defavorahle, 2. a. unfavourable
Defavorablement, ad. unfavour-
ably
Detaut, sm. defect; blemish;
want; default; flaw
Detaut des cotes, small of the
back (moon
— de la lune, change of the
Defectif, ve. a. defective
Defection, .<:/. defection [ly
Defectueusemenl, a'i. imperfcct-
Defectueux, se. a. drftctive
Defecluosiie, s/. defect
Defenderesse. sf. she-defendant
Defendeur, sm. defendant
Defend re, va. to defend; prohi-
bit; * forbid
Se defendre, vr. to defend; («
excuse one's self
Defenae, */. defence; prohibit**^
DEF
DEG
DEL
57
D6renses,;>Z. reply in law; fence;
tus/is
L»efenseur, sm. defender
D6fensif, vc. a. defensive
Defequer, va. to defecate; re-
fine; clarify
Def6rent, e. a. complying
D6fereiice, sf. compliance; re-
gard
D6ferent, a. sm. deferent
Deferer, i;. to yield; impeach;
defer; decree; administer
Deferler, va. to unfurl the sails
D6ferier, vn. to * be dashed
, va. to unshoe; nonplus
Se , to * be confounded,
come off
D6fet, sm. waste
D6fi, challenge, defiance
Defiance, sj distrust; mistrust;
suspicion; jealousy
Defiant, e. a. diffident; jealous
Deficit, sni. wanting
Defier, va. to defy, challenge
Se , vr. to mistrust, suspect
l)6fis;urer, va. to disfigure; de-
form
D6file, sm. a defile
Defiler, va. to * unstring, file off;
frazc (as a cable)
D(ifiiiir, to define; appoint; de-
cree
Definiteur, sm. dcfinitor
Uefinilif, ve. a. definitive, per-
emptory
Definition, sf. —tion
D6finilivemenl, ud. — vcly
Definitoire, sni. the chapter of a
religious order
Deflagration, sf- — tion
Dt.fl(Miiit, vn. to * shed blossoms
Defluurir, va. * nip off the blus-
.soiiis; take off the bloom
Dt^llnrer, va. to corrupt, vitiate
Defliixion, sf. defiuxion
Di;fonceniont, sm. staving
Defoncer une futaille, va. to *
stave a ca.s/c
D^former, to * put out of form
D6fourner,* draw out of the oven
Defrayer, va. to defray
D6fnser, va. to uncurl
D6froiicer, to * ^indo the gathers
Se defroquer, * throw off' the
monkish habit
Defroque, sf. goods, movcubles
left by death
Defuiier, va. to unrig
Defunl, e. a. deceased, late
D6gage, (d6gr6) siu.back stairs
D6gagenient, disengagement ;
freeing; passage; calling in
D6gager, vn. disengage; redeem
D6gaiuer, va.* draw one's sword
Degaineur, sm. a bully
Deganter, va. to pull off one^s
gloves
Degarnir, to unfurnish; * strip,
unrig
Degasconner, to teach a Gascon
to speak true French
D6gut, sm. havoc; waste; spoil
D6gaucliir, va. to plane; level
D6gaucliissenieikt, sm. levelling,
improving
Degel, sm. thaw
Degeler, va. to thaw
Dt;g6n6rer, va. to degenerate
Degingand6, e. a. swinging in
one's gate
D6gluer, va. to unglue; get rid of
D6glutition, sf. deglutition
D6goiser, vn. to blab, * chirp
Degoigenicnt, sm. overflowing
Dtgoigor, I'rt. to clear, purge,
spread out
Se , vr. to overflow; empty
's self
Degoigeoir, sm. an engine to
clear a gun
D6gourdi, e. a. sharp, acute, re
vived
D6gourdir, va. to quicken, to
warm {water;) to polish
Diigourdisseineut, sm. quicken
ing; removal of numbness
D6goul, disgu.^t; satiety
Di';goutant, e. a. distrustful
D6gout6, c. a. squeami.'^h; out of
conceit with
D6gouter, va. to di.'igust
Se , vr. to * be out of con-
ceit with
Defricheiuent, sm. grubbing up
D6fricher, va. to grub up; clear J Degouttaut, e. a. dropping
Dfefricheur, sm he that grubs up I DCgoulter, vn. to * drop
untiUid ground I Degradation, sf. —tion, waste
Degrader, va. to degrade; waste,
disgrace
Degiartcr, to unclasp
Degraisseinent, sm. scouring
Degraisser, va. to scour; clean;
* take away the fat
D6gi aisseur, sm. a scourer
Degrapiner, vn. to lift the small
anchor
Degie, sm. stair; step; degree;
staircase
Degringuier, vn. to * rtm down
stairs; to tumble
Degrosbir, to chip; to clear up;
to fa.-hion
Deguenille, e. a. tattered; in
rags
Degucrpir, va. to quit in a hurry
Degueipissement, sm. quitting
Deguiseinent, sm. disguise
Deguiser, va. to disguise
Diguslation, sf. —tion
Dehdier, va. take off the swrt-
burn
D6hauch6, e. a. hipshot
Dchaiuacljer, va. to unharness;
* set free
Dehors, ad. pr. out; abroad
Deliors, sm. outside appearance;
outworks
D('j;'i, ail. already
Ueicide, sm. dcicide
Dejection,.-;/ a stool; depression
Dejeler, vn. to jet out
Sr — , vr. to warp [fast
Dejfjuie, dejeuner, sm. break'
Dejniner, vn. to breakfast
D6ilication,.<?/. —tion; apothesia
Dcilior, va. to deifij
Dejoindre, to di.yoin, warp
Deisnie, sm. d ism
Deisle, a. deist, who believes in
Qod, but admits no revealed
religion
D6ile, sf. deily
Dejuc, sm. time when the hirds
come from roost
Dfjuchcr, vn. to unroost; coma
down; * bring down
De-la, ad. off'; from thence
De-ra fi. de-la, up and down
De-fii, pr. beyond, over, above
Dei-Jilirenient, .sm. ruining; r%f
inotis condition \rvin
D61abier, va. to rend; impair;
DEL
DEM
DEM
D^lacer, to unlace
D61ai, sm. a delay, adjournment
D6laissement, desertion
Delaisser, va. to forsake; * cast
off
Delassement, sm. refreshment,
ease
Delasser, va. to refresh
D6lateur, sm. an informer
Delation, sf. an information
D^Iatter, va. to unlath
D61av6, e. a. weak in colour
Delayaut, 5m. diluter
Delayer, va. to dilute; temper
Delectable, 2. a. delightful
Delectation, sf. deliifht
D61ecter, va. to delight
Delegation,.?/. — tiu7i,commission
Dei6gatoire, 2. a. ddegatonj
Dei6gu6, sm. a deputij; delegate
Del6guer, va. to delegate; ap-
point
Deiestage, sm. unb Ulasttng
D61ester, va. to unhallnst
Deiesteur, s^n. unballastcr
D61ibalion, sf. —lion
Deiib6rant, e. a. unresolved
Deliberation, sf. — tion, resolve
Deliberaiif, ve. a. —live
D61iber6, e. a. bold, resolute
Delihereinnnt, ad. boldly
Deifb6rer, vn. to deliberate; de-
termini',, resolve
Deiicar, e. «. di licate,ntce; weak
Deiicatement, ad. — tcly; dain-
tily; tenderly
Deiicater, va. to pamper; cocker
D6iicates.se, .«/. drlicacy; scru-
pulousn'^ss; n^cencss
Deiice, sm. delijin
Deiices, .«/ pi. di light
Deiiciei!sem«iil,-<trf. 'icUcioiuily
DeiicieuY, se. a. delicious; vo-
luptuous
Re tieiicoter, vr. to unhalter
Deiie, e. a. slendrr; u ulc; loose,
fine; thin; itnti.'d
Delier, va. to uniic, nlsolve
Delineation, .</. — tion
Deiinqnanl, sm. dlinqumt
Deiinqner, vn. to offend
Delire, sm. delirium, raving
Deiit, jfa«lf, crime
Deiivrance, .<?/. deliverance; de
Uvering; release
Delivre, sm. after-birth
Deiivrer, va. to deliver, free
Delogement, sm. a removing
Deloger, va. to remove; to turn
out
— , vn. to go away, remove
— a la sourdine, to leave one's
house clandestinely
De loyal, e. a. disloyal, pcrfdious
Deloyaletncnt, ad. perfidiously
Deloyauie, 5/. disloyeilty
Deluge, 5m. delude, flood
Deluter, va. to * take away the
lute of a vessel
Demaconner, va. pull down the
walls
Demagogue, sm. demagogue
Demaigrir, va. to * cut off
Demaigrissement, sm. cutting off
Demaillotler, va. to unswathe
Demain, sm. ad. to-morrow
D6niancher, va. to unhnft
Se — , vr. to * be off the hinges
Demande, sf. demand, question,
petition, suit, postulatum
Deinander, vei. to demand; beg,
ask, require
Deniandeur, se. s. an asker; a
dun
Dcinandenr, sm. plaintiff
ncinanderesse, sf. plaintiff
Detnaniroaison, itching
Denian<rcr, vn. to itch
Demanteleinent, sm. di.<^mavt-
ling. undoing
DemanfHer, va. to di~mavtle
Denianlibuie, e. a. broken; out
of order
Demaratie, .9m. unmooring
Demarcation, .«/. (ligne de) an
imn gin 'iry line to dinide coiin-
triis, sens, A r
Demarche, gait, proreeding
Deniarier, r t. to un marry
Demarquer, to vnmark
Demarrcr, va. to unmoor; * sit
sail
Demasquor, va to unmask
nema.-itiqiier, «rt separate, to free
DeuiAter, to dismast, unmast
Oemeie, sm. debate, quarrel
Demf'ler, va. to S'j.nratc; dis-
riiiirr, contest, unravel, disen-
tangle, decide, pereeire
Se — ', vr. to *■get off clear
Dcmeloir, sm. a winding-reel, g
large comb
Denieinbrement, sm. dismem
bering, cutting off
Demembrer, va. to dismember
cut off
Demenagement, sm. removing
removal
Demenager, vn. to remove ,
march away
Deraence, sf. madness
Se deraener, vr. to * make a bus
tie
Dementi, sm. lie; balk
Dementir, va. to * give one the
lie; to contradict; to dis-
grace
Se — ,v. to* be inconsistent; to
fall, to warp
Demerite, 5m. demerit; desert
Demeriter, vn. to * do amiss
Demesure, e. a. huge; excessive
Demesur6meiit, ad. out of mea-
sure; immoderately
Demettre, va. disjoin; discard;
dismiss
Se — , tr. to resign; * have out
of joint
DemenMement,sm.unfurnishing
Demeubler, va. to unfurnish
Demeurant, sm. remainder
Demeuraiit, e. a. living; dwell-
ing; abiding
Demenre, .-/. dwelling; stay;
abode
Domeurer, vn. to live, continue,
* stay, rnnnin, tarry
Demi, e. a. half, devii
Demi, ad half
Df-mie, 5/. half nn hour
Dcnii-iuiie, half viuon
Demi metal, sm. semi-metal
l)emi-diam<'tre, semi-diameter
Dcini-setier, half a pint
nemi-quene, .«/. a hogshead of
Champaign wine
Demis, e. a. put out; removed,
out of joint
Demission, sf. resigning
Democrate, sm. —crat, fond of
a popular gorrrvment
Democratic, .«/ d/mocracy
nemocratique, 2. a. —tieal
Demoiselle, sf. a miss, waitinf^
woman, rammer
DEJ^
i)El»
i)EP
59
D6niolir, va. to demolish; pull
down
Deiiiolilion. sf. demolishing
Demon, sm a demon., devil
Denioiiiaque, demoniac
Dejnoiisiiable, 2. a. — ble
Denionstraieur, sm. — tor
Deiiioiistiaiif, ve. a. — tive
DenKJiistration, sf. — tion; assu-
rance
Demonstrativement, ad. clearly
Uenionter, va. to unhorse, * take
to pieces, confound, dismount,
* undo, nonplus
Ddmonlrer, to demonstrate, to
describe
Denioraliser,i;tt.fo corrupt, stain
Deuiordre, vn. * let go one's
hold; recede from
Demouvoir, va. to * take off
D6muiiir, to uvprovide
Demurer, to open a wall
D6natter, to untwist, unmat
Denatur6, e. a. unnatural; cruel
D6naturer, va. to pervert; to
misconstrue
Dendrite, sf. stone with figures
of trees
Denegation, sf. denial
D6ni, sm. denial, refusal
Deniais6, cunning J'dlow
Ueniaisoment, sharping trick
Deniaiser, va. to * teach wit; to
bubble
Se — , vr. to* learn wit; to* grow
sharp
D6niaiseur, sm. sharp fellow
Deniclier, va. to unnestle, to
dislodge
— vn. to * brush off; march away
D6niclieur, sm. who goes a bird-
nesting
Denier, money, interest, farthing
— tie poids, pcnny-wiight
— a dieu, earnest-penny
— vingr, Jive per cent.
— vingt-cinq, four per cent.
Denier, va. io deny, refuse
Deniers du roi, sm. pi. king's
treasure
— d'octroi, a toll, or passage-
penny
D6nigrement, s?a. slandering. —
Un grand denigrenient, a
heavy disgrace
D6nigrer, rw. to revile; slander
Denombrement, sm. enumera-
tion, list, survey
Denominateur, —natur
Denominatif, ve. a. — tive
Denoiniiiation, sf. — tion
Deuommer, ra. to name
Denoiicer, to proclaim; to i.i-
form against, impeach
Denonciateur, sm. an informer
D6noncialion, sf. informing
Denotation, — tion
Uenoter, va. to denote
Denouer, to unite; * make sup-
ple; unravel
Denouement, sm. discovery, ca-
tastrophe of a play
Deiir6e, sf. commodity, ware,
provisions
Dense, 2. a. dense, thick
Densit6, sf. density, thickness
Dent, a tooth, notch, gap
Dents, pi. teeth, notches
Dents dev ant, foreteeth
machelieres, jaw-teeth ;
grinders
incisives, incisors
de lait, young teeth
oeilleres, eye-teeth
Dent-de-lion, dandelion
Dental, e. a. dental
Dent6, e. a. notchcd,indentcd
Dentee, sf. a bite
Dentele, e. a. jagged
Denteler, va. to indent, jag
Dentfclle, sf. bone lace
Denlelure, inderMng, notching;
dented work
Denticule, denticles
Dentier, sm. set of teeth
DentifVico, dentifrice
Dcniistc, dentist
Dentition, sf. —tion, cutting of
teeth
Denture, sf. set of teeth
Denudation, denudation
D6nucr, vr. to bereave, * strip
Denuement, s?«. drjirivntivn
D6paquotcr, ra. to * unpack
Deparager, to marry a girl be-
low her condition
D6pareille, e. a. not completeffT)i
unmatched
D^parciller, va. to unmatch
D6parcr, to * strip, disfigure
Deparier, to unmatch
Deparler, to* give over talking
Depart, sm. diparttire, parting
Dcpartager, vn- to * give the
casting vote
Departenient, sm. department;
distribution; district; quarters
Dejjartir, va. to imparl; to dis'
tribute
Se — , vr. to desist; recede from
Depasser, va. to * go faster, to
* get beyond, to pull out
Depaver, to unpave
D6payser, io curry one into an-
other country; to * put on a
wrong scent
D6p6cement, sm. cutting up
Depecer, va. to * cut up; carve
Depeclie, sf. despatch; express
Depeclier, va. to despatch
Se — , vr. to * make haste
D6peiiidre, va. to depict, de-
scribe, represent, express
Depenaill6, e. a. ill clad
D6pendamment, ad. —dently
Dependance, sf. dependence
Dependant, e. a. held of another;
depending
Dependre, vn. to depend on; *
hang on; * take down; hold
Depens, sm. pi. expense; cost
Depense, sf. expense; till; pantry
Dei)enser, va. to * spend
Depensier, sm. expensive man;
purveyor
De perdition, sf. —tion
Deperir, vn. to decay
Deperist^cnient, sm. decaying
Depetrer, va. to disengage; to
* get rid of
Di'peuplenient, sm. depopulation
Dcpcuplor, va. lu diiptoplc
Depilalif, vo. a. (upilutury
D6pilation, sf. — tioJi
Depilatoire, sm. —tory
Depilur, vn. to cause the hair to
conic off
l>epiqu(;r, to allay resentment
Depil, 67«. vexation; pet; ange
Depitor, va. to vex; to provoke
Se — , vr. to frit [sionate
tpileux, se. a. fntful; pas-
Deplacenient, sm. displacing
D6placcr, va. to displace; re
60
DEP
DER
DES
D^plaire, vn. to displease
Se — , vr. not to like
Iteplaisance, sf. dislike
D6jtlaisaiit, e. a. disagreeable
Depiaitir, sin. displeasure; ill
q{jict; urief; trouble
Deplanter, va. to * pluck up
Depiantoir, sm. deplanter
DepJalier, va. to uvplaster
Deplier, to unfold; open
U<iplisser, to unplait
Deplorable, 2. a. deplorable
Depiurabieineiit, ad. — rally
Deplore, e. a. desperate; past
hope
Dnp'orer, va. to deplore
De plover, to display
Depiuincr, va. to plume; * strip
Depolir, to unpoUsh
Deponent, s/rt. a. deponent
Depopiiiaiiier, va. to deprive of
popularity
Depopulation, sf. —lion
Depoii, sm. delay .first fruits of
a liriiig
Deportation, sf. transportation
Deporleineiit, sm. deiiorlmmt
Deporter, va- to banish; exile
!?e deporter, vr. to recede from
Deposant, e. a. s. deposunt
DejKJser, vn. to depose; to re-
sign; to deposit
Depobitaire, 5. depositary; con-
fident
rieposiiion, sf. — tion; deposing
Deposg6der, va. to dispossess
Depos.-essioii, sf. turning out of
possession [pust
De poster, va. to * drine from a
Depot, sm. deposit: trust; chest;
settling; ^tdimevt
Depot«r, va. to take out; to emp-
ty
Depoudrer, comb out the powder
Depouille, sf. skin; cast off
clollies; books; crop; employ-
ment or en'icls of a deceased
person; upcil; slough
Dfc|Miii)liiintnt, sm. stJf-denial;
parting with an;/ thing
get
cast off
Depourvoir, va. to unfumish
have destitute; deprive
Depravation, sf. — tion, corrup-
tion
Depraver, va. to deprave
Deprecatif, ve. a. —tive
Deprecation, sf. —tion
Deprecier, va. to undervalue
Depr6dateur, sin. — dator, robber
Depredation, sf. —tion, robbery
Depreder, va. to plunder
Deprendre, va. to part; loosen
Se — , to extricate one's self
Depreoccupe, e.a. unjiripossess-
De-pres, ad. near [ed
Depression, sf. depression
Deprier, va. to dismvite
Depriiner, to depress, debase
Depriser, to despise, vilify
Depuis, ad.pr. since; from; after
— qiiand? how long?
— pen, not long since
— long terns, this great while
— que, c. since
Depuration, sf. —Hon
Depuratif, ve. a. purifying;
cleansing
Depuratoire, 2. a. —tory
D6purer, va. to depurate
Deputation, sf. — tion
Deput6, sm. a deputy, delegate
Deputer, va. to depute, *send
De quoi, pro. uherewilhal; what
of; reason, matter
Deracinement, sm. rooting vp
Deraciner, va. to root up or out
Deraison, sf. noiiscnse
D6raisonnable, 2. a. unreasona-
ble, unjust
Deraisonnablement, ad. unrea-
sonably
T)eiciisonneT,vv.*speak nonsense
Derangement, sm. disorder, con-
fusion
D6ranger, va. disorder, embroil
Se — , vr. to*take to bod courses
Derate, e. a. cunning, sharp
Se derayer, vr. Kx. Une roue
qui se deraye, a jxheel with
loose spokes
Derechef, ad. again, anew
D6regle,-e. a. dfsorderly; unruly
Dtpouiller, va. to * strip; to * per6glenienl, sm. irregularity,
n the crop; deprive; *' debauchery, disorder
Dor^glement, ad. disorderly,
loosely, unruly
Der6gler, va. to disorder
Se der^gler, vr. * grow lewd;
* be out of order
Derider, va. to smooth, clear up,
unwrinkle
Derision, sf. deiision, ridicule
Derisoire, 2. a. derisory, derisive
Derivation, sf. —tion, orig-in
Derivatif, ve. a. — tive
Derive, sf. c ship's Ite-icay
Derive, 57/1. a derivative
D6river, ra. to* put off from the
shore; deflect from the course;
derive; unclinch
Dernier, e. a. last; utmost;
worst; greatest; highest
Dernier, sm. the last; the utmost
Dernierement, lately, newly
Derober, va. to rob; conceal,
deprive; *hide; divest
Se — , vr. to * steal away
Derogation, sf. tion
Derogatoire, 2. Derogeant, e. a.
derogatory
T)erogeauce,sf. degrading action
Deroger, vn. derogate, degrade
Deroidir, va. unstiffen; supple
Derouillenient, sm. rubbing off
the rust
Derouiller,ra. to rub off the rust
Derouler, to unroll
De route, sf rout, disorder, defeat
Derouter, va. bewilder, puzzle
Derrieie, pr. behind; backward
, sm back part
Dervis, ou Derviche, a dervis
Des, pr.from, which, at
— que, c. when, since; us soon at
— aujouid'liui, this very day
— lore, /ro/n that time; then
n^sahusenient, sm. undeceiving
D6sabuser, va. to undeceive
D6saccorder, to vntune
Desaccouplir, to uncouple
Desaccoulunier, to icean from
Desachalander, to*hurt the cus-
tom of a shop
Desaffourcher, va. to heave up
an anchor
Desagencer, to disorder
Desagr6able, 2. a. di.'^agreeable
D6sagreablenient, ad. disagree-
ably [unrig
D6sagr6er, vn. to displease; to
D6sygrement, sm. disagreeable
ncss; vexatioti
DES
O^eajuster, va. to discompose
D6salterer, to quench the thirst
Desancrer, vn. to weigh anchor
Desappareiller, va. to umiiatch
D^sappliquer, to divert from
D6sappointcr, to cashier; also
used now by many people in
the English sense of to disap-
point
Desapprendre, to * forget
Desappropriation, sf. divesting
Se desapproprier, vr. to divest
one's self
Desapprouver, va. to disapprove
Desaiconner, to unhorse, to non-
plus
Desargenter, to * wear off the
silver; to drain off cash
Desarmement, sm. reduction of
forces; unrigging of ships
Desarmer, va. to disarm; to un-
rig; to appease
Dtsarrol, sm.disorder, confusion
Desassemblcr, va. to * take to
pieces
Desassortir, to unmatch
Desastre, sm. a disaster
Desastreux, se. a. disastrous
Dcsavantage, sm. disadvantage
Desavaniageuseuicnt, ad. dis-
advantageously
Desiivaiilageux, se. a. disadvan-
tageous
DCsavcu, S771. disavowment; de-
nial
Desaveugler, vn. to uablind
Diisavoiier, va. to disavow; de-
cry; disown; deny
Descendance, sf- descent
Descendant, sm. offspring; the
ebb
Descendre, vn. to descend; * come
down; light off' or out
Descendre, va. to take down
Descente, sf. descent; taking
down; declivity; invasion;
rupture; deflax; gutter
Description, — tion
Desemballage, sm. unpacking
Desemballer, va. to * unpack
Desenibarqueinent, sm. landing
Desembarquer, va. to unlade,
to disembark
Desernbouiber, to * take out of
the inire^
DES
D6semparer, to quit a place; lay
up a ship; disable
D6sempenn6, a. at random,
helpless (old)
D6seinpeser, va. to unstarch
D6semplir, to empty a little
D6senchainer, to unchain
Deaenchantement, sm. disen-
chanting
Desenclianter, va. to disenchant
Desenclouer, to unnail a cannon
Dtisendonni, e. a. just awake
Desentiler, va. to unthread
Desenfler, remove a swelling;
unswell
D6senflure, sf. unswelUng
Desenivrer, vn. to remove drunk-
enness
Se desenlacer, vr. to disentangle
one's self
Desennuyer, va. to divert
Desenrayer, va. to unbind a
wheel; to * leave work
Desenr61er,£o dismiss {a soldier)
Descnrouer, cure the hoarseness
Desenrhumer, to cure a cold
Desensabler, to get off a boat,
(i'-c. that has run aground
Deseusevelir, to * dig out of the
grave
Desonsorceler, to unbewitch
Desensoicellement, sm. iinbe-
w itching
Desenieter, va. to undeceive, to
* bring to reason
Doseutorliller, to untwist
Uesentiaver, to unfetter
Desert, e. a. desert, solitary
, sm. desert; wilderness
Deserter, va. to * lay uaste; to
desert; to * run away
Deserteur, sm. deserter
Desertion, sf. —tion, deserting
Desrsperade, a la desesperaUe,
desperately
Desespere, sn. desperado
Desesperee,.*/ desperate woman
Desesperenieiit, ad. desperately
Destl'sperer, vn. to despair
Desesperer, va. to * drive to de-
spair; provoke; make mad
&e desesperer, u/'. to * be frantic;
to make away with one's S'lf
Desespoir, sm. despair, grief
Desliabillti, aw xindress
DES
61
D6shabiiler, va. to undress
D6shabit6, e. a. umnhabited
Deshabiter, va. to dispeople
D6shabiteur, to disaccustom,di»-
use
Desh6rence, sf. desherison
Desheriter, va. to disinherit
Deshonnete, 2. a. dishonest; in-
decent; shameful
D6shonnetement,fld. dishonestly
Deshonnetet6, sf. dishonesty
Deshonneur, sm. dishonour; dis-
grace; discredit
D6shonorable, 2. a. disgraceful
D6shonorablement, ad. shamo-
fnlly
Deshonorer, ra. to disgrace; dis-
parage
D<ishuinaniser, to divest of hw-
manity
Designation, sf. appointment;
description
Designer, va. to describe; denote;
appoint; assign; design
Desincorporer, to disincorporate
Desinance, sf. termination
Desint'atuer, va. to undeceive
Desinf'ecter, to disinfect
Desinfection, sf. disinfection
D6sint6ress6, e. a. disinterested;
uninterested; indemnified
DesinT,eress6nient, sm. disinter-
estedness
Desint6ress6ment, ad. imparti-
ally
D6siiu6resser, va. to indemnify
D6sinviter, to disinvitc
D6sir, sm. desire, wish, longing
Desirable, 2. a. desirable
Desirer, va. to desire, wish, long
for
Desireux, se. a. desirous
Desistenieut, sm. desisting
Se d6sister, vr. dtsist; * giw
over
Des lors, ad. from that time
Desobeir, vn. to disobey
Desobeissance, sf. disobedience
Desobeissant, e. a. disobedient
Desobligeanaueut, ad. unkindly
Dtsobligeant, e. a. disobliging
Desobligeanto, sf. a narrow car-
riage for one pirson; a sulky
Desobligcr, va. to displiast
D<'soccupaiioii, sf. Itisure
62
DES
DET
DET
Dcsoccujie, e. a. unemployd; at
leisure
Se d6soccuppr, vr. to retire from
business
Dcs-CBuvre, e. a. out of work
Desolaiit, e. a. grievous
Dcsolateiir, rice. *-. desolator
Desolation, sf. — tion; extreme
grief; ruin
Dusoler, va. to afflict^ to * lay
waste
Desopiler, va. to open, to dear
D6sordoni)6, e. a. inordinate
D^sordoniiciuent, ad. disorderly
Dtisoidre,sm.disordtr; debauche-
ry; tumult; havock
Desorgaiiisateur, sm. a disturber
Dc'sorganiser, va- to unorganize,
to disturb
Desorieiuer, va. to*put out, dis-
concert
Desorinais, ad. henceforth
D6sorner, va. to * take off an
ornament
Dcaosser, to bone, unbone
D6sourdir, to unravel; unwarp
Desponsation, sf. a solemn en-
gagement of a marriage
Despote, sm. a despot; a scourge
Desjwtiiiue, 2. «. despotic
Despotiqueriient, ad. — lically
Dcsjio isine, sm. despotism
Dcspuinatioii, sf despumation
Despuiiier, va. to * take off the
scum
Se dcssaisir, vr. to disseise, to *
give up [ing
Dessaisisseinent, sm. dispossess-
Dcssaisonner, va. to manure un-
seasonably
Desoale, e. a. uncalled, cunning
Dessaler, va. to freshen, unsalt
Dessangler, to ungird
Dessechanl, e. a.dcsiccative
Dess^chement, sm. a drying
Des^eclier, va. to wither; to
drain; to dry up
Dessein, sm. design, drawing,
plan, pattern
— a dessein, ad. on purpose
Desseller, va. to unsaddle
Dcpserre,.''/- opening of the purse
— dur a la desserre, close fisted,
stitigy
Desserrcr, va. to loosen; wrench
Dessert, sm. desert, fruit
Desseile, sf. that which comes
from the table; parochial duty
Desservaiit, sm. vicegerent
Desservir, va. to clear the table;
to * do an ill office
Dessicatif, ve. a. desiccative,
DessiHer, va. to open one's eyes;
undeceive
Dessinatuur, sm. a designer;
drawer
Dessiiier, va. to design; * draw;
delineate
Dessoler, to unsole
Dessouder, to unsolder
Dvissoudure, sf. unsoldering
Dessouler, v. * make, or * be so-
ber (low)
Dessous, ad. pr. under; beneath
Dsssons, sm. the under part
Dessus, ad. pr. above., upon,
, sm. the top; treble; super-
scription
Destiu, sm. destiny, fate
Destinalloii, sf. —tion, appoint-
ment
Destinee, destiny, fate; pros-
perity
Dcstiiier, v. to design, appoint
Destituable, 2. a. that may be
turned out of his place; pre-
carious
Destitu6, e. destitute; deposed
Destitiur, va. to depose; deprive
Destitution, sf. deposing
Deslructeur, rice. ^ destroyer
Destruction, sf. — tion, ruin
Desuetude, cessation from bring
accustomed; disuse
Dosunion, disunion, variance
Desunir, vn. disunite; divide
Se — , vr. * fall out; * come
asunder
Dttaclicnieut, s-m. detachment;
disengagement; impartiality
D(!?tacher, va. to detach, untie; *
take off; * undo
Se — , vr. to loosen; * leave off;
go off
Detacher, to * take off a stain
Detacher une ruade, to kick up
Detail, sm. retail; particular ac-
count; particulars
D6tailler, va. to * cut in pieces;
retail; * tell particulars
Detaiileur, sm. a retailer
Detaler, va. to* shut shop; scour
off; run away
Diiteindre, va. to discolour
Se — , vr. to * lose its colour
Detekr, va. to unyuke; unteam
Detendre, to unbend; * take
down
Deteiiir, to detain, * withhold
Detente, sf. a trigger
DeteniL'ur, rice. s. one that keeps
wrongfully another man's
estate
Detention, sf. — tion, detaining
Delerger, va. to purge, clean
Deterioration, sf. —tion; wasta
D6teriorer, vd. to waste; * spoil
Determination, sf. —tion
Determine, e. a. bold, froward
, sm. a desperado
D6termiu6menl, ad. absolutely;
boldly; positively
Determiner, va. to determine;
resolve
Se — , vr. to * be resolved
D6terrer, va. toJ^fftg out of th*
grave; to discover
Dcterreur, sm. a discoverer
Detersif, ve. a. detersive
D6testable, 2. a. detestable '
D6tcstableinent, ad. abominablr
Detestation, sf. — tion
Diitestcr, va. to detest; abhor
Detirer, to * draw out a stuff
Detiser, to rake out the fire
Detonation, sf. —Hon
Detonncr, va. to jar; be out oj
tune
— fc fuiniiner, to expel from mi
ncrals the volatile parts
Detordre, untisist, ."prain
D6torqucr, to wrest, to force
D6torse, sf. a sprain
D6toriiller, va. to untwist
D6toupilloner, va. to lop a tree
D6tour, sm. winding; byway;
way about
Detourn6, e. a. turned away
Detourner, va. to turn aside;
wrest; embezzle; dissuade;
deter; divert
Se , vr. to *go about; * leavt
D6tracter, va. to slander
D6tracteur, sm. slanderer
DEV
Diitiaction, sf. — tioii, slander
Dotniquor, to * put out of order;
seduce; * take from
Deticjiipe, sf. water culours
Detreniper, va. to dilute; soften
steel
D6tresse, sf. distress
Detrier, sm. a led horse
Detrinieiit, sm. —ntr.nt, loss
Diitroit, straits; frith; defile;
precinct; district
Delromper, va. to undeceive
Djtioneiuenl, srn dethroning
DiJtioner, va. to dethrone
Detioussor, to untuck, rifle
Detioiisseur, sm. a robber
Detruirc, va. destroy; demolish
iiii — , vr. to * fall to ruin
Dette, sf. debt; duty
Dette active, a debt dan to us
passive, d'jht owing to others
Dovaiur, v. to * let down
Devaliser, va. to rob
Devaaceuicnt, sn. out-running
Devanccr, va. to * outstrip; *
outrun; prcoenii. precede
Devancier, e. s. predecessor
Devaiit, ad. pr. bifore; over-
against
que, before; before that
Devaut, sm. forepart
Deva:itior, sm. coarse apron
I)^.\'astalmi,.<>f.- ti.on,desolation
D6 vaster, va. to * lay waste
Diiveloppeaieiit, sm. unfolding
Developper, va. to unfold; un-
raocl
Deveriir, vn. to * become; * grow
De venter, va. to * lose the wind
(said of the sails of a ship wiieii
the wind siiifts)
Devergonde, e. a. shamdrss
DViverrouiller, va. to unbuU
D6vers, e. a. warped; crooked;
not perpendicular
Devers, pr. towards^ about
Par — , by, to
Deverser, vn. to * bend, lean
D6vetir, va. to * strip; undress,
deprive
Se — , vr. to divest one^s self
Deviation, sf. tion
D6vidage, stn. the winding into
a bottom
Divider, va. to * wind to a skein
DIA
D6videur,se.5.fA«t
a winder
Devidoir, sm. a red, spindle
Deuil, mourning, sorrow
Devin, e. s. conjurer
Deviner, va. to dinine, guess
Devineresse, sf, a divincrcss
Devineur, sm. diviner; conjurer
Devise, estimate of a building;
dialogue; talk
Devisager, va. to disfigure the
face
Devise, sf. device; motto; posy
Deviser, vn. discourse togettier;
to chat
D6voile»ient, sm. unvcihnfr
D6voiler, va. to unveil; reveal
Devoieiaent, sm. looseness
Devoir, duly; a boy's task
, va. tu owe; to * be; * must;
* be bound; * ought
Devole, sf. the having no trick
at cards
D6voiu, e. a. devolved; escheat-
DIE
63
de-
ed
Devolu, sm. lapse of right,
volution
D6 volution, sf. —tion
Devoraiit, e. a. aeoouring; ra-
venous
D6vorateur, sm. n dcvourcr
Dovorer, va. to devour, consume,
brook, stifle
Devot, e. a. s. drvout, votary
Devo:onient, a>l. devoutly
Devotion, */. —tion, disposal
Dcvoueinenl, sm. devutednv.is
Devouer, va. to devote; dedicate
D6voy6, e. a. astray; erroneous
Duvoyer, va. to mis 1/ ad, err
Deuterononie, sm. —nomy
Ueux, a. two
, fois, twice
, sm. two
Deuxienie, 2. a. s. second
Deuxiemcment, ad. secondly
I3extcrit6, sf. —rity; skill
Dextre, the right hand (old)
Dextreinent, ad. dextrously
Diable, sm. devil, the deuce
Diableinent, ad. devili.vhly
Diablerie, sf. witchcraft, devilish
trick
Diablesse, a shrew
Diablotin, sm. a little devil
nds skeins, Diaiiioiins, sm. pi. chocolate svr
gar plums
Draboiique, 2. a. diabolical; do-
viUsh
Diaboliqucinerit, ad. —lically
Diacode, sm. — dium, syrup of
poppies
Diaconat. deaconry
Diaconesse, sf. deacones
Diacre, sm. a deacon
Diadenie, a diadem; crown
Diagnosiique, 2. a. s. diagnos-
tic
Diagonale, sf. a diagonal
Diagonalenient, ad. — nally
Dialecte, sm. dialect; idiom
Dialecticien, a logician
Dialectique, sf. — tic; logic
Dialectiquement, ad. like a lo-
gician
i)ialogis;le, s. — gist
Dialogue, sm. dialogue, colloquy
J)ia!oguer, v. to dialogue; to *
put scenes in dialogue
niansant, sm. diamond, adamant
Dianiantaire, alapidary
Diametral, e. a. —trial
Diametralcment, ad. diametri-
cully; directly
Dlanietre, sm. diameter
IJiapason, an octave in music;
concord; union
Diaphane, 2. a. transparen
Diaplian6il6, sf. transparency
Diaphoretique, 2. a. pui-gin^
DiapiirajTnie, sm. midrijf
Diapre, c. a. diapered
Diaprure, sf. diapering
Diarrliee, diarrhcea
Diastole, diastole, dilatation
Diatonique, 2. a. diatonic
Dichotoniie, sf.^my; the half of
the moon
Dictanie, sm. dittany
Dictateur, dictator
Dictatiire, sf. dictatorship
Dictee, copy; what is dictated at
one time
Dieter, va. to dictate, prompt
Diction, sf. diction; style
Dictionnaire, sm. dictionary
Dicton, common saying, proverb
Didactitiue, 2. a. didactic; doc-
trinal
Di6rese, sf. diceresis, division
64
DIL
DIR
ms
DiLse, Diesis, sm. diesis; sharp
Dieie, sf. dit, assembly
DIEU, s,a. GOD
Dieu-doiiii6, Dcodatus, a title ej
flattery
Dittuiiiaat, e. a. drfamivg
Ditlhnialcur, sm. a defamer
Uitfaomiioii, sf. culumny
Difiainatoire, 2. a. defamatory
Uiffaiucr, va. to defame; slan-
der
DiiiertMnment, ad. differently
Ditiereiicf, sf. dij^erance
Ditlereiicit.r, va. to distinguisk
DiJierend, sm. variance; dilfer-
€71 ce
Diti'erent, e. a. differing; unli/cc;
various
Dilferer, v. to differ; delay
Dilficile, '2. a. dijicult, hard-,
crabbed
Difficiloment, ad. with difficulty:
hardly
Difficulie, sf. difficulty; doidt
Difficiillueux, se. «. cxaptious
Ditfoniio, i- a. mishapf/i.
Diffornier, va. to defona
Diiroriuite, sf. deformity; ugli-
ness
Dirtus, e. a. diffuse; tedious
Ditfiiseiiient, ad. diffusely
Dittusioii, sf. sprctiding
l>ii:esle, sm. «//n-(S/.<, pandects
Digestif, ve. a digestive
Digestion, sf. digestion, concoc-
tion
Digiiale, fox-glove
Digne, ii. c. worthy, deserved
de foi, crcdH.le
Di^cnient, ad. worLhihj
Diaiiitaire, sm. diisnilanj
Diirtiitc, sf. dignity, honour
Di<rno, a dyke, h<\n/;, pier
Dii^ressioii, digre.'fsion
Dilac6ratioii, —tim
Dilac»irer, va. to lacerate
Dilapidation, sf. —tioa
Dilapider, va. to dilapidate
Dilatation, sf. widrnivg
Diiatatoire, sm. dilator
Dilaler, va. to dilate, extend
Dilayer, va. to pitt off
Dilatoire, 2. a. dilitory; making
delays
Dilection, sf. — tion. loijs
Dilenime, sm. dilemma; trouble,
difficulty
Diligeninient, ad. diligently
Diligence, sf. diligence, careful-
ness; stage-machine
Diligent, e. a. diligent; quick
Diiigenter, vn. to fia.-tm
Dimanche, sm. Sunday
Dime, Dixine, sf. tithe
Dimension, dimtnsiun, size
Dinier, va to tit'ie
Dimeiir, dixmeur, sm. a tithcr;
tithe-gatherer
Diininuer, va. to dimini.<h; less-
en
Diniinutif, ve. a. diminutive
. sm. II diminutive
Diminution, sf. — tion; decrease
Diinissoire, sm. dimissory letter
Dimissorial, e. a. dimissory
Dinanderie, sf. brazier's ware
Din-andier, sm. a brazvr
Dinde, sf. a turkey-ken
Diiidon, sm. a turkry-coek; a
blnckhrad
Dindoaneau, a turkey-pcwt
Dindoniiier, a lurknj-herd
Dindonriiere, sf. a country elow-
dy; a turkey-keeper
Dine, diner, sm. dinnrr
Dinee, sf. the dining plare on a
journey
Diner, ca. to dine
Dioc6&ain, sm. a diocesan
Diocesain, e. a. of a bishop's
diocese
DiocV'se, sm. diocese
Dioptiique, </. dioptricts
Dipihoiigne, a diphthong
Diplomatique, — tical
Diplouie, sm. diploma, charter
Dire, va. * tdl, * say, * speak, *
mciin, * bid
Dire, sm. tchat one says; saying
Direct, e. a. direct; straight
Directe, sf. tenure in capite
Direciemenl, ad. directly
Directeur, rice. s. director; ma-
nager; governess
Direction, .-/. — tion, conduct
Directoire, sm. directory; guide;
rubric
Diriger, va. direct; rule: frame
Dirimant, ante, a hindering,
annulling
Discale, sm. tret; loaste
Discernement, judgment, dif
tinction; discretion
Discerner, va. to discern
Disciple, sm. disciple; pupil
Disciplinable, 2. a. docile
Discipline. .«/. discipline; scourge
Discipliner, va. to discipline; to
chastise
Discontinuation, sf. discontintt-
ance
Discontinuor, va.to discontinue^
to cease; * give over
T>\scouveitSLncK,sf. disagreement ,
inequality
Discouvenir, vn. to disagree;
disown
Discord, e. a. discording
Discordant, e. dissonant; jat^
ring
Discorde, sf. discord; variance;
debate
Discoider, va. to * be out of tun*
Discoureur, se. s. a talker
Discourir, vn. to discourse; to
talk idly
Discours, sm. discourse
, figure, rhetoric
Discourtois, e. a. discourteous,
ruile
Discourloisie, sf. discourtesy
Discredit, sm. discredit
Discrct, e. discreet, wary
DiscrfitemeiU, a/, discreetly
Discretion, sf. — tion, wisdom
Disculper, va. to exculpate; to
clear
Discursif, ve. o. —sive
Discussif, ve. a. —sive
Discussion, sf discussion; debate
Disculer, va. to discuss; distrain
Dist.'rt, e. a. copious; eloquent
Discrtcnient, ad. at large; fully;
learnedly
Disette, sf. want; scarcity
Disetteux, se. a. needy
Diseur, se. .^. a teller
Di.sLTace, sf. disgrace; misfor-
tune
Dis2racie, e. a. deformed; home'
ly, out of favour
Dissiacier, ra. to * put out of
favour
Dis'jrracieuscment, ad. disagree-
ably
DtS
DIS
DIX
65
I'iisgiacieux. se. a. disagreeable
Oisgregation,s/. — twn {iiioptics)
Disgreger, va. to separate {in
optics)
Disjoindie, to disjoin
Disjonctif, ve. a. disjunctive
Disjonction, sf. disjunction
Dislocation, bone out of joint
Disloquer, va. to dislocate
Disparat, e. a. unsuitable
Disparate, sf. impertinence; od-
dity
Disparity, disparity; difference
Disparition, disappearitig
Disparoitre, vn. to disappear
Dispendieux, se. a. expensive
Dispcnsaire, sm. dispensatory
Dispensateur, dispensator
Dispensation, sf. —lion
Dispensatrice, disposer
Dispense, dispensation; license
Dispenser, va. to dispense*ioilh;
distribute, dispose, depose
Se — , vr. to * forbear,* let alone
Disperser, va. disperse, scatter
Dispersion, sf. — tion
Dispos, a. m. active, nimble
Disposer, va. to dispose, * make
over, enact
Se— , vr, to * get ready; * be re-
solved
Dispositif, ve. a. preparatory
Dispositif, enacting clause
Disposition, sf. —tion, disposal;
genius; good-will; mind
Disproportion, —tion
Disproportionne, e. a. — tionate,
unsuitable
Disproportionner, va. to dispro-
portion,* make unequal
Dipputable, 2. a. disputable
Dispute, sf. quarrel, dispute
Disputer, va. dispute, contend
Disputeur, sm. wrangler; dis-
putant
Discjue, disk, quoit
Disquisition, s/. — tion, discussion
Dissecteur, sm. —tor
Dissection, sf. — tion
Dissemblable, 2. a. unlike
Dissemblance, sf. unlikencss
Diss6miner, va. to disseminate
Dissension, sf. dissention; strife
Dissequer, va. to dissect
Diss6queur, sm. an anatomist
PART I.
Dissertateur, author of a disser-
tation
Dissertation, sf. — tion
Disserter, vn. to treat upon
.Dissimilaire, 2. a. dissimilar
Dissiniulateur,rice, s. dissembler
Dissimulation, sf. — tion
Dissimul6, e. a. dissembling
, e. s. dissembler
Dissimuler, va. to dissemble; to
* take no notice of
Dlssipateur, rice, s. spendthrift
Dissipation, sf.—tion, waste
Dissiper, tjjt. to dissipate, quash
Se — , vr. to relax one's self
Dissolu, e. a. dissolute, lewd
Dissolvant, e. a. dissolving
, sm. a. dissolvent
Dissoluble, 2. a. dissoluble
Dissolument, ad. lewdly
Dissolutif, ve. a. dissolvent; dis-
solvable
Dissolution, sf. — tion; lewdness
Dissonance, dissonance
Dissonant; e. a. discordant
Dissoudre, ?ja. to dissolve; melt
Dissuader, va. to dissua(ie
Dissuasion, sf. — sion
Dissyllabe, sm. dissyllable
, 2. a. dissyllabical
Distance, .sf. distance, interval
Distant, e. a. remote
Distention, sf. stretching
Distillateur, sm. a distiller
Distillation, sf. distilling
Distiller, va. to distil; puzzle
one's brains
&e —en larmes, vr. to melt into
tears
Distinct, e. a. distinct, clear
Distinctement, ad. distinctly
Distinctif, ve. a. distinctive
Distinction, sf. — tion, note
DisUnguer, va. to distinguish;
to note
Se distinguer, va. to*makc one's
self eminent
Distique, sm. a distich
Distorsion, sf. — tion
Distraction, —tion, separation,
absence of mind
Distraire, va. to separate, to di-
vert from; dissuade; quit
Distribuer, vr to distribute, di-
Distributeur, sm. —butor [vide
Distributif, ve. —butive
Distribution, sf. — tion
Distributrice, she who distributes
District, sm. district; precinct
Dit, saying, apophthegm
Ditiiyrambe, dithyramb
Dilliyrambique, 2. a. dithyr ambit
Diton, sm. second {in music)
Divaguer, vn. to ramble; to * be
incoherent
Divan, sm. divan
Divergent, e. a. — —gent
Divers, e. a. diverse; many
Diversement, ad. diversely
Diversifier, va. to diversify,vai'y
Diversion, sf. —sion
Diversite, — sity, variety
Divcrtir, va. to divert; embezzle;
recreate; convert
Se — ,vr. to*take one's pleasure,
make merry or sport
Divertissant, e. a. diverting,
pleasant, entertaining
Divertissement, sm. diversion;
embezzlement; entertainment
after a piny
Dividende, dividend
Divin, e. a. divine
Divinateur,s7n. diviner ;conjurcr
Divination, sf. —tion
Divinement, ad. divinely
Diviniser, va. to deiftj
Divinil6, sf. divinity, deity
Divis, 5/. division, share
Diviser, va, to divide; part; dis-
unite
Diviseur, sot. divider; divi.?or
Divisibility, sf. —lity
Divisible, 2. a. divi-^iblc
Division, sf. —sion, disunion
Divorce, sm. divorce; variance
Divorcer, va. to divorce; to sci^ri
away
Diuretique, 2. a. sm. diuretic
Diurnal, sm. daily prayer baJc
Diurne, 2. a. diurnal
Divulgation, sf. divulging
Divulguer, va. to divulge
Dlx,2. a. ten
Dix-huit, 2. a. eighteen
Dix-huitieme, cigliteentk
Dixieme, 2. a. tmth
, sm. tenth part
— denier, '2s. in the pound
Dixiememcnt, ad. tcnthly
66
DOM
DOR
DOU
Dix-neuf, 2. a. vinetefA
Dix-neuvieme, nine'eenth
DiA-Sf pt, seventeer
Dix-seplieiue, se'.entccnth
Dizain, 5771. ast^Aza oftenverses
Dizaine, sf. U n ; tithing
Uizeau, sm. shvck; heap of ten
sheaves of corn
Dizenier, a litliing-man
Docile, iJ. a. docile; tractable
Docilemeiit, ad. docilely
Docilitc, irf. docility
Docle, 5. a. s. learned
Dticteinfnit, ad. learnedly
Ditcteur, sm. a doctor
— regent, a professor
Docioiai, e. a. doctoral
Doctoral, sm. doctor's degree
Doctorciie, sf. disputation for
the degree of a doctor ofdivini-
Doctriiiai, e. a. doctrinal [ty
Doctrine, sf. doctri^ie, tenets
Document, */. — mcnt; precrpt
Dodinur, va. to rock [self
Sedodiner. va. to pamper one's
Dodo, svi. nurse's lullaby
Dodu, e. a plump; fat
Dojrat, sm. dignity of a doge
Doge, a doge, chief magistrate
0f yen ice
{)i)gn\:i.Wi\vic.,sm .dogmatical style
Dognialiquc, 2. a. —tical
Dn^jmatiqupnient, ad. —cally
Dogmatirfcr, vn. to* leach magis-
tcridllii; to dogmatise
Dogiiiaiiseiir, sm. a dogmatiser
Dogmaliste, dogmatist
Dogme, dogma, tenet
I>')ric, a mastiff
Dociiin, e. 5. whelp of a mastiff
Drict, 5)". a.fvgcr; claw; digit
(1;; pie, a toe
DciK'ier. sm., cover for fingers
Do!, fraud, deceit [ancc
Df '' iirice, sf. complaint; gricv-
l'nici:;nient, ad. inoanfxilly
\)< '.: nt. r. a. doleful; querulous
i"'Mcr, ra. tn plane
I), 'inian, 5;n. a Turkiskdress
Doloire, sf. plane; truss; adze
Dom, sm. don; lord
Domaine, domain; demesne
Domanial, e. a. of ov belonging
to a demesne
Ddmr, sm. a cupola
Domesticite,«/.tAc being servant
Domestique, 2. a. domestic; tame
, sm. a domestic of a house
or family; servant
Domestiqueraent, ad. servilely;
familiarly
Domicile, sm. dwelling-koiisc;
abode [place
Se domicilier, vr. to settle in a
Dominant, e. a. reigning; ruling;
predominant
Dominatcur, sm. ruler, lord
Domination, sf. dominion
Dominer, vn. to rule; predomi-
nate; command
Dominicain, sm. a Dominican,
or -white-friar
Doniinicaine, sf. dominican nun
Domino, sm. short cloak
Dominoterie, sf. paper-staining
Dominotier, sm. paper-stainer
Dommage, damage, loss
Dommageable, 2. a damageable;
hurtful
Dompiable, donitable, 2. a. tame-
able
Domp_ter, domier, va. to subdue;
to tame [ror
Dornptenr, domteur, sm. conpue-
Don, a gift, knack
Donataire, ^. donee
Donateur, rice. s. a donor
Donation, sf. grant; deed of gift
Done, c. thcrcfure; then
Dondon, sf. plump jolly woman
Donjon, sm. a turret
Donnanl, ante. a. generous (its
chief use is with a nega(ion)
— il n'est pas donnant, he is
stingy,
Donne, sf. dealing at cards
Donn6es, sf. pi. data
Donner, va. to give, * to father
on; * deal; engage
Donneur, se.s.a giver^in a slight
sense)
Dont, pr. vhcreof; of whom
Donzelle, sf. a young gentlewo-
man (byway of ridicule)
Dorade, dorado, (a fish) gilt head
Dorenavant, ad. hencefurth
Dorer, va. to * gild
Doreur, sm. a gilder
Dorien, a. s. Greek dialect, and
Grcc/i music
Dorique, a. s. J oric
Dorioier, va. to fondle; pamper
Dormant, e.a.sleiping, titgnant
Dormeur, se 5. sltcpir
Dormeuse, .«/. a sedan with a bed
in; an easy chair
Dormir, vn. to * sleep
, sm. sleeping; sleep
Dormitif, ve. a. soponjic
Dortoir, sm. dormitoiy
Dorurc, sf. gilding, washing
Do?, sm. back; ridge
Dosd'ane, shelving on both sides
Dose, sf. a di se
Dosse, plank, flitch of wood
Dosserel, sm. a little pilaster jut-
ting out
Dossier, back of a sent or coach;
head board of a Led; Jile of *
law pup'rs ,
Dot, sf. a portion; dowry
Dotal, e. a. of or pertaining tc »
a dowry
Doter, va. to endow, pvrlivn
Douaire, sm. Jointure
Douairiere, sf. a dowager
Douane, custom-house; duty
Douanier, sm. a custom-hovsi
officer
Double, 2. a. c^ouile, deceitful »-
, sm. twofold, copy
Donbleau, sm. chief arch; joist
Douhlenieuf, aJ. duubly
Doubier, ra to doidlt; to line;
v-uhtply
DovbletjStn false stone; doublets
(at dice)
Doublon, a doubloon
Doublure, .•;/. a lining; siilstitute
VoucK, a. f. sweet; mild; easy;
affable
T)ouceatre, 2. a. sw'cti.-h
Doucenient, ad. softly; gently; .
pretty will *
Doucer'eux, ?e. sweetish; precise
Doucette, sf. a prim woman;
yenus's looking-glass
Dnucet, te. a. s. affected
Douceur, sf. sweetness; softness;
mildni'ss; profit
Douceurs, pi. swiet thing; fla' i
terivg eTpre.'.?ions
Douche, medical primping
Doucher, va. to pump one
Doucine, sf. waved moulding .
DRA
Douer,«a. to * make a settlement;
Douillage, sm. stuff badly woven
Douille, sf. a socket
Douillet, tc. a. soft; nice
, siH. a self-lover
Douillettenient, ad. tenderly
Douleur, sf. pain; ache; grief
Do\i.\o\iYeusii\mi\\.^ad. grievously
Douloureux, se- a. painful; sor-
rowful; tender
Doute, sin. doubt; fear
Douter, vn. to doubt; question
Se — , vr. to suspect
Douteuseinmit, ad. dubiously
Douteux, se. a. doubtful
Douvaiu, sni. wood Jit to make
staves for casks
Douve, sf. pipe-staff; sideboard
Doux, a. wi. Douce, a. f. sweet;
mild; easy; affable; soft;
smooth
Douzaiiie, sf. a dozen
Douze, 2. a. twelve
Douziemement, ad. twelfthly
Douzieme, 2. a. twelfth
, sm. twelfth part
Doyen, sm. dean, senior
Doyenne, o dianry
Draclime, diagme, sf. drachm
Dracuucule, a small worm
Drag6e, ."f. sugar-plum; small
shot
Drageoir, sm. a comfit-box
Drageon, a sucker
Drageonner, vn. to * shoot forth
suckers
Dragon, sm. dragon; termagant;
dragoon
Dragonnade, ••/. dragooning
Dragonner, va. to dragoon
Drague, sf. grains; sand-shovel
Draguer, va. to search something
that lies under water
Dramaiique, 2. a. dramatic
, sm. dramatic poetry
Drame, sm. a drama
Drap, cloth, sheet
mortuaire, a pall
Drapeau, a pair of colours ; a
rag; a clout
Draper, va. to hang with mourn-
ing; to mill stockings; to jeer;
to * make cloth [ry
Draperie, sf. cloth-trade; drape-
Di;0
Drapier, s7n. a woollen-draper ;
a cloth-maker
Dreche, sf. malt
Drege, sort of net for turbots
Drelin, sm. tingle
Dresse, sf. a piece of leather to
underlay a shoe
Dresser, va. to * make straight ;
raise; train up; direct
Se — , vr. to * rise, * stand up
Dressoir, sm. a sideboard
Drille, a fellow; hard oak
, sf. old rag to make paper
with
, a borer, piercer
Driller, vn. to scour away
Drillier, sin. a collector of old
rags
Drogman, intei-preter
Drogue, sf. a drug; a sorry com-
modity; stuff
Droguer, va. to physic too much;
give bad remedies
Se — , vr. to * take remedies with-
out proper care
Droguerie, sf. drugs
Droguet, sm. drugget
Droguier, a virtuoso^ s cabinet ;
drug-box
Droguiste, a drxtggist
Droit, e. a. strait ; right ; just ;
upright; good; up
— , sm. right ; law ; claim ; fee;
tax; equity; pn'oilege
— divin, sm. divine law
— naturel, law of nature
— canon, canon law
— civil, civil law
— commun, common law
— des gens, law of nations
Droit, ad. straight; directly
Droite, sf. the right hand
— (d'une arm6e) right wing
Droilement, ad. uprightly; wise-
ly; sincerely; roundly
Droitier, e. a. right-handed
Droiture, sf. uprightness
d'esprit, soundness of rea-
son
Drole, 2. a. droll; funny; co-
mical
— de corpfl, comical or queer
fellow
Dr6Ie, sm. fellow
Drolemeni, ad. comically
DUQ
67
Dr6Ierie,5/. drollery, merry trick
Drolesse, a wench
Drouiadaire, sm. dromedary
Drouine, sf. a tinker^ s bag
Drouineur, sm. a tinker
Dm, e. a. fledged; brisk; thick;
pert; rank-close
Druide, sm. a druid
Dryade, sf. a dryad
Du, sm. due; duty
Du, art. some, of the, from, from
the
— nioins, at least
— tout, at all
Du, e. a. due, owing, owed; ought
Dubitation, sf. — tion
Dubitative, a.f. —tive
Duo, sm. duke; horn-owl
Ducal, e. a. ducal
Ducale, sf. patent of the Vene-
tian state
Ducat, sm. ducat
Ducaton, ducatonn
Duch6, dutchy, dukedom
— pairie, sf. dutchy, peerdom
Ducliesse, sf. dutchess
Ductile, 2. a. malleable
Ductilil6, sf. malleableness
Du6gne, duenna, governess
Duel, sm. duel; also dual num-
ber in Greek nouns
Duelliste, a duellist
Duire, v. to fit, or please; train
up (old)
Duit, 0. a. trained up ; instruO
ed
Dulcifier, va. to dulcorate
Du!cin6e, sf. sweetheart
Dulle, culte de dulie, sm. wor-
ship of the saints
Dument, duement, ad. duly
Dunes, sf. pi. downs
Dunette, sf. poop (of a ship)
Duo, sm. duct
Dupe, sf. a dupe; bubble; ninny
Duper, va. to dupe; to gull
Duperie, sf. fraud; cheat
Duplicata, sm. a duplicate
Duplication, sf. —tion
Duplicit6, —city; double deah
ing
Duplique, rejoinder, duplicate
Dupliquer, va. to rejoin
Duquel, pro. of whom, ofiokieh,
whereof
68
EAU
EBR
ECH
Dur, e. a. hard; firm; tough;
harsh; stale; sad; cruel;
rough
— d'oreillc, dull of hearing
— a la desserre, close-fisted
— a la fatigue, hardened to fa-
tigue
Dure-mere, sf. dura mater
Dure, ground, fioor
Durable, 2. a. lasting
Duraine, sf. a sort of peach
Duraiit, pr. during
que, ad. whilst, uhen
Durcir, va. to harden; to dull
Se — , vr. to * grow hard
Dur6e, sf. duration; continu-
ance
Durement, ad. hard; harsh;
stiff
UiiTtr,,vn. to last; * hold out;
* abide
Duret, te. a. somewhat hard
Durete, sf. hardness; harshness;
roughness; cruelty
d'oreille, dvlnrss of hearing
(de style) roughness
(de pinceau) stiffness
Durct6s, pi. hard words
DunWon, sm. callosity ; hard skin
Duriuscule, 2. a. somewhat hard
Duvet, sm. down; ease
Duvcteux, se. a. downy
Duumviiat, sm. a magistracy
among the Romans
Duumvirs, sm. pi. the name of
some Roman magistrates
Dynaniique, sm. — mics
Dynaste, sm. a petty sovereign
prince
Dj-nastie, sf dynasty
Dysyonlerie, bloody flux
Dy-snenterique, 2. a. sm. one af-
fiiclcd with the bloody flux
Dy?uiie, sf. dysury; ritcnlion of
urine
E
IIAU, sf. water â– rain; toet,
A tears; gloss; juice
Eau douce, fresh water
— d<^ mer, salt water
— de fontaine, spring water
- de source, spring water
Eau de puiis, pump water
— de riviere, rirer water
— rose, rose water
— (lustre,) water or gloss
— de vie, aqua-vitcc, brandy
— regale, aqua rcgnlis
— forte, aqua fortis
— d'arquebusade, arquebusade
water
S'6bahir, vr. to * be amazed
Ebahissement, sm. wondering
Ebarber, va. to shave; barb
Ebaroui, e. a. desiccated
Ebat, Ehattement, sm. diversion
S'6battre, rr. * make, or be merry
Ebauhi, e. amazed
Ebauche, sf. a sketch, rough
draught
Ebaucher, v. sketch, rough hew
Ebauchoir, sm. chisel, hatchet
Ebaudir, ra. cheer, * make merry
Ebe, sf. ebb, low water
Ebene, ebony
Eb6nrr, va. to * give wood the
colour of ebony
Ebenier, sm. an ebony tree
Ebenistc, a cabinet-maker
Eblouir, va. to dazzle
Eblouissant, e. a. dazzling
Eborgner, vn. to * put out an eye;
to blind
S'ebouffer de rire, to * burst in-
to laughter (low)
Ebouillir, vn. to overboil
Eboulcment, sm. falling dojm
{of a building)
Ebouler, vn. to * fell doicn
Eboulis, sjn. rvbhi.'h
Ehourgeonncment, pruning
F.bi lurgconner, V a. to prune vines;
trees
Ebourgconneur, sm. apruner
Ebourifft, e. a. disordered with
the wind
Ebrancliement, sm. lopping,
pruning
Ebrancher, va. to * lop off the
branches
'Ehran\ement,sm.shaking;shock;
fear
Ebranler, va. to * shake; stagger
S'— , vr. to move, * give way
Ebrecher, ra. to notch
Ebrcner, to clean a child
Ebri6t6, 5/. drunkenness
Ebrillade, j«-;t with the bridle
S'ebrouer, vr. to snort
Ebruitcr, vn. to divulge
S'— , vr. to * be talked of; to
* take air
Ebullition, 5/. ebullition; blotch;
rant
Ecacliement, sm. bruising
Ecacher, vn. to * crush; squa^
Ecacheur d'or, sm. gold-beatc.
Ecaille, sf. scale; shell
Ecail!6, e. a. scaly
Ecaillor, v. to scale, vnscale
S' — , vr. to peel off'
Ecailleur, sm. oyster-man
Ecailleux, se. a. scaly
Ecale, 5/. a shell nf walnut, Se
Ecaler, ra. to shell
S' — , vr. to come off
Ecarbouiller, va. to * crush;
squash
Ecarlate, sf. scarlet
cramoisie, scarlet dyed in
groin
Ecarlatine, fievre tcarlatine,
scarlrt-ferer
Eccrnuiliement, sm. spreading
wive
Ecarquiller les jambes, va. to
straddle
Ecart, sm. ramble; cards laid out
EcarteI6, e. a. quartered; quar-
terly
Ecarteler, va. to quarter
Ecarter, to disperse ; * mislead ;
discard; avert; scatter
S'drarter, vr. to ramble; swerve;
to lo.9e
Eccl<^siaste, sm. Ecclesiastes
Ecck-siastique, Ecclesiasticus
-, churchman
, 2. a. ecclesiastic
Ecclesiastiqucment, ad. ecclesi-
astically
Ecervel6, e. a. hairbrainei,
brainless
Ecbafaud, sm. a scaffold
Echafaudage, scaffolding
Ecbafauder, vn. to scaffold
Ecliala.s, sm. a prop for a vine;
a pole
Eclialasstment, sm. propping
EchaJasser, va. to prop a vine
Echalier, sm. a fence
Echalote, sf. shalot, scallion
ECH
ECL
ECO
69
Ecbancrer, wo. to * cut sloping
Ecljancrure, 5/. a slope
Ecljange, sm. exchange; barter-
ing'
Ecliunger, va. to exchange; bar-
ter; * chop
Ecliauson, sm. a cup-bearer
Echansoiiiieiie, sf. the king''s
wine-cellar
Echaniillon, sm. sample; pat-
tern
Echantilloner, va. examine by
the standard; * cut out pat-
terns
Echappade, sf. mistake, slip
Echappatoire, a come off; a
shift
I^happee, a prank
de vue, a vista, prospect
Ecliapper, va. to escape; * let
fall; * forget one's self; * slip
Echarde, sf. splinter
Ecliardunuer, va. to pull out the
thistles
Echarpe, sf. a scarf; a sling for
the arm
Echarper, va. to slash
Ecliars, e. a. niggardly
Echars (vents) shifting icinds
Echasics, j)l. stilts; pules
Echaubuule, e. a full of pimples
Ecliauboulur*.', sf. a pimple
Echaude, sm. folding-stool; sim
ncl; bun
Ecbaudcr, va. to scald
S'6ciiauder, vr. to * burn one's
fingers by ill success in some
ufair; to smart
Echaudoir, sm. scalding-home
Ediaurt'aison,.«/. anoocr-hcating
one's self
Echauffement, em. heating ;
over-heating
Echautfer, va. to heat; warm;
stir up
S'6chaaffer,ua.«o over-hrat one's
self; * grow angry; fume
Ecliauffiire, sf. red pimple
EcliaurKjuiee, a rash enterprise;
^ a bajjle
EcJiauguelte, spying-place
Eclieance, expiration
V^cliec, sm. ehech; loss; jn awe
— k, mat., ch'ck-mate
Echccr?, sm. pi, chcsa
Echeletto, sf. a little ladder
Ecbelle, a ladder; scale; a
trading seaport town in the
LevarH
de rubaiis. a stomacher of
ribands
Echellon, sm. a ladder-step
Echeniller, vn. to clear of cater-
pillars
Echeveau, sm. a skein
Echevele, e. a. dishevelled
Echevin, sm. a sheriff
Rchevinage, sheriffalty
Ecliine, sf. chine; spine
Echinee, a chine {of pork)
Echiner, va. to * break the head;
to knock on the head
Echiqufct6, e. a. checkered
Ecliiquier, sm. a chess-board;
exchequer
Echo, sm. an echo; a tool
Echomtitre, a scale to measure
sounds
Echoir, vn. to expire; * fall due;
* fall out: happen
Echoppe, sf. stall; flat graver
Ecliouenicnt, sm. running a-
ground
Echouer, vn. to * run aground;
to miscarry
Ecliu, e. a. expired; fallen out
Ecimer, va, to * cut the top of a
tree
Eciabousser, to splash
Eclaboussure, sf.thc dirt or wa-
ter one is splashed with
Eclair, stn. lightning. Com-
me un 6clair, in a trice
Eclaircir, va. to clear; clarify,
thin; inform; unfold
S'eclaircir, vr. to * become clear;
to inform one's self
Eclaircissement, sm. explication;
hint
Eclair^, e. a. lightsome; know-
ing; understanding
Eclairer, va. to light; enlight-
en; sparkle; watch
, vn. to glitter; shine
Eciaiicho, sf. a leg (of mutton)
Ecljit, sm. pomp; lustre; splen-
dour ; brightne.'is ; clap, up-
roar; burst; noise
Eclataut, e. a. shining; bright;
transciudint
Eclater, vn. to burst; crack;
shiver; to exclaim; glitter
Eclipse, sf. eclipse
Eclipser, va. to eclipse
S'6clipser, vr. to vanish away;
to * be eclipsed
Faire 6clipser, to eclipse; to help
to make one's escape
Ecliplique, «/. the ecliptic
Eclisse, splint; cheese-vat; side
of a lute, 4"C.
Eclisser, va. to splint
Eclopp6, e. a. lame
Eclorre, va. to * be hatched;
* blow; peep; come to light
Ecluse, sf. a sluice; dam
Eclusee, sluice full of water
Ecolatre, sm. professor in divi-
nity.
Ecole, sf. a school, college
Ecolier, e. s. a scholar
Econduire, va. refuse; shift off
Economat, stewardship
Econoine, 2. a. s. saving; a
steward; housekeeper
Economie, s/. economy, order
Econoniiquft, 2. a. economical
, sm. economics
Economiquement, ad. frugally
Ecoiiomiser, va. to use sparing
ly; to manage well
Ecorce, 5/. bark; shell; peel;
outside
Ecorcer, va. to peel
Ecorclier, va. to flay; to gall; to
exact upon
S'6corcber, * tear off one's skiiu-
* be galled
Ecorchfrie, sf. slaughter-house;
exorbitant demand [tioncr
Ecorcbeur, sm. a flayer; extor~
Ecorcliure, sf. excoriation
Ecore, a steep shore
Ecorner,i;o. to * break the horns,
curtail; * break the corners of
a thing
Ecoriiitler, to spungc
EcorniHerie, .«/. spunging
Ecoriiitieur, se. 5. sp anger
Eco.*se, sf. shill; pod; Scotland
Ecosser, va. to sh'll
Ecosseur, se. s he, or she whD
are shelling
Ecot, sm. scot; club; company;
reckoning
70
ECR
EFF
EFF
Ecouane, 5/. mint-file
Kcouaiier, va. to file off gold or
silver to its standard
Ecoiifle, sm. a hawk; kite
YLcoMlexaenl^ flawing; illapse
Ecouler, va. to * run, or flow
out
S'^couler, vr. to * slide away
Ecoiirgeon, sf. a species of bar-
ley
Ecourtcr, va. to * crop
Ecoutaiit, e. a. s. hearer
Ecoute, sf. a private place for
listening
Ecouter, va. to hear, listen; to
hearken; to mind
Ecouteur, sni. a listener
Ecouleux, a. skittish
Ecoatille, sf. scuttle, hatch
Ecouvetle, a brush
Ecouvillon, sm. mop; drag
Ecouviilonner, va. to sweep with
a drag
Ecran, sm. a screen
Ecraseraent, crushing
Ecraser, va. to crush; squash;
ruin
Ecremer, to skim milk
Ecrevisse, sf. crawfish; lobster;
the sign Cancer
S'ftcrier, vr. cry out; exclaim
Ecrin, sm. a jewel-box
Ecrire, va. to * write
Ecrit, sm. a writing, work
Ecriteau, bill; sign; title
Ecritoire, .<?/. an inkstand
de table, standish
Ecriture, writing, scripture
— Sainte, the Bible
Ecrivain, sm. a writer; purser
of a ship
Eciou, nut of a screw
, gaoler's book
Ecrouelles, sf.pl. the king's evil
Ecrouer, va. to enter into the
gaoler's book;delicer by scrolls
Ecrouir, va. to cold-beat metals
EcrouissementjSm.fAe cold-beat-
ing of metals
Ecr6u\tmiiiH, falling in
Ecroiiler, vn. to * shake down
S'ecrouler, vr. to * fall down, to
* give way
Ecroutcr, va. to * cut off the
crust
Ecru, e. a. raw {of silk and
threal)
Ecu, sm. shield ; escutcheon ;
crown piece
Ecubiers, sm. pi. hawsers
Ecueil, a rock; sands; shelf
Ecuelle, sf. a porringer
Ecuell6e, a porringer full
Eculer, va. to * tread down at
the hsel
Ecume, sf. scum, froth, foam,
dross
Ecumer, va. to foam; skim
Ecunier les mers, to infest the
seas
Ecumeur de mer, sm. a pirate
de inamiite, a spunger
Ecumeux, se. a. frothy
Ecuuioire, sf. a skimmer
Ecurer, va. to scour, cleanse
Ecureuil, sm. a squirrel
Ecureur, a scavenger
Ecureuse, sf. a char-woman
Ecurie, stable; equipage
Ecusson, sm. an escutcheon
Ecussonner, va. to ingraft
Ecu5Scnnoir, sm. grafti 
