New taxa and new combinations of Agaricales : (Diagnoses fungorum novorum Agaricalium IV)

UNWERSITYOF
•^' BIOLOGV

OEC 12 199»

Botany

MEW SERIF'

New Taxa and New Combinations of Agaricales
(Diagnoses Fungorum Novorum Agaricalium IV)

Rolf Singer

u--

r!7l989
litation 1402

tLISHED BY HELD MUSEUM OF NATUR AL HT^TOT? Y

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FIELDIANA

Botany

NEWSERIES, NO. 21

New Taxa and New Combinations of Agaricales
(Diagnoses Fungorum Novorum Agaricalium IV)

Rolf Singer

Research Associate in Mycology
Department of Botany
Field Museum ofNatural History
Chicago, Hlinois 60605-2496

Accepted May 5, 1987
Published August 31, 1989
Publication 1402

PUBLISHED BY FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY

© 1989 Field Museum of Natural History
Library ofCongress Catalog Card Number: 89-83633

ISSN 0015-0746
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Table of Contents

Abstract 1

Introduction 1

polyporaceae

Pleurotus 2

Hygrophoraceae

Hygrotrama 2

Hygrocybe 3

Hygroaster 6

Tricholomataceae

Podabrella 7

Clitocybe 8

Lepista 10

Tricholomopsis 10

Tricholoma 11

Armillariella 12

Omphalina 13

Gerronema 13

Lactocollybia 18

Leucopaxillus 19

Meianoleuca 20

Collybia 21

Neoclitocybe 25

Marasmiellus 26

Hohenbueheiia 38

Stigmatolemma 43

Oudemansiella 43

Mycenella 44

Marasmius 45

Gloiocephala 66

Crinipellis 66

Chaetocalathus 67

Hemimycena 67

Mycena 69

Hydropus 85

Dennisiomyces 88

Dermoloma 88

Xeromphalina 89

Baeospora 90

Fayodia 90

Cyptotrama 91

Amanitaceae

Limacelia 92

Pluteaceae

Volvarieila 92

Pluteus 93

Agaricaceae

Leucoagaricus 98

Leucocoprinus 98

Hiatulopsis 98

Cystolepiota 98

Lepiota 99

Chamaemyces 100

COPRINACEAE

Psathyrella 101

Bolbitiaceae

Conocybe 103

Pholiotina 105

Strophariaceae

Stropharia 107

Naematoloma 108

Psilocybe 108

Melanotus 109

Pholiota 112

Phaeomarasmius 113

CORTINARIACEAE

Alnicola 116

Gymnopilus 116

Galerina 116

Crepidotaceae

Melanomphalia 119

Simocybe 119

Crepidotus 121

Entolomataceae

Rhodocybe 122

Boletaceae

Gyrodon 1 23

Phylloporus 1 24

Xerocomus 1 24

Boletus 124

Tylopilus 125

Austroboletus 126

RUSSULACEAE

Russula 126

Lactarius 1 32

Literature Cited 133

New Taxa and New Combinations of Agaricales
(Diagnoses Fungorum Novorum Agaricalium IV)

Abstract

A total of 276 new species is described, 1 in
Polyporaceae, 10 in Hygrophoraceae, 182 in Tri-
cholomataceae, 1 in Amanitaceae, 15 in Plutea-
ceae, 8 in Agaricaceae, 4 in Coprinaceae, 9 in Bol-
bitiaceae, 1 5 in Strophariaceae, 5 in Cortinariaceae,
7 in Crepidotaceae, 3 in Entolomataceae, 5 in Bol-
etaceae, and 1 1 in Russulae. Furthermore, 1 3 new
varieties (in Tricholomataceae, Pluteaceae, Bol-
bitiaceae, Cortinariaceae, Boletaceae, and Rus-
sulaceae) and 21 new combinations (in Tricho-
lomataceae, Pluteaceae, Agaricaceae, Coprinaceae,
Bolbitiaceae, Strophariaceae, Cortinariaceae, Bol-
etaceae, and Russulaceae) are proposed.

Introduction

The new taxa proposed in this paper have been
described, illustrated, and discussed previously (but
not validly published, or not published in the cor-
rect combination) or will be described and illus-
trated in monographic papers now in preparation.
If they are based on not validly published species
of the author they are here validly published be-
cause their first mention was published in works
not dedicated to species descriptions (Singer, 1 984,
1986; Singer & Araujo, 1979). The various edi-
tions of Singer, The Agaricales in Modern Tax-
onomy (195 1-1986) were accompanied by papers
providing the descriptions of newly introduced
species for this work (Singer, 1948, 1961, 1973).
The present paper is a continuation of this series.
In the present case it will appear somewhat after

rather than before the appearance of the respective
edition of the book, a circumstance which gives
us an opportunity to add a few species not inte-
grated in the scheme provided in The Agaricales
in Modern Taxonomy but important for taxon-
omical, ecological, or other reasons.

In the present circumstances, an English trans-
lation of the Latin diagnoses is not warranted in-
asmuch as the diagnoses are extended to give all
data available and necessary for a full description.
According to the wishes of the editor and a large
number of mycologists, all but the descriptive data
are now given in English. Colors are, where pos-
sible and desirable, indicated in color chart terms
which are those of Maerz & Paul (1930) [M«&P],
Munsell (1947) [Mu], or Komerup &. Wanscher
(1968) [Methuen]. Where other color charts were
used, those are indicated in the respective descrip-
tion and bibliography. The "typus" indicated for
the new taxa should be understood as representing
the holotype as far as the author's intention is
concemed, and consists of a single collection and
specimen. Where the type collection has been di-
vided, the location of the holotype is indicated.
This author is not responsible for later transfers
of specimens to other institutions. The herbaria
housing the quoted specimens are abbreviated as
in the Index Herbariorum (1974). Other abbre-
viations are restricted to those easily understood
and in general use in mycology.

The families and genera are arranged exactly as
in Singer, The Agaricales in Modern Taxonomy
(1986), and terms are used in the sense explained
in this work. Within the genera the species are
arranged in alphabetical order.

SINGER: NEW TAXA OF AGARICALES

POLYPORACEAE (Fr.) Fr.
Pleurotus favoloides Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo hyalino, hygrophano, albicante, glabro vel
subglabro, ad marginem interdum fimbriato-cren-
ulato sed vix ciliato, pustulato-scrobiculato, con-
vexo, mox applanato, profunde umbiHcato supra
stipitem, 1 5-37 mm lato. Lamellis albis, plus min-
usve crenulatis vel sinuosis ad aciem, sub lente
irregulariter hispiduHs ex epigris, angustis, inter-
venosis, arcuatis, decurrentibus. Stipite albo, sub-
centraH vel sublateraH, nudo, glabro soHdo, basin
versus attenuato sed ad basin ipsam frequenter
leniter incrassato, curvato, 11-22 x 1.2-1.7 mm.
Velo nullo. Carne pilei primum subcamosa, flex-
ibili, albo, immutabili. Odore subnullo. Sapore
miti.

Sporis 7-9.5 x 2.5-3.3 nm, oblongo-subfuso-
ideis vel plus minusve cylindraceis, levibus, ina-
myloideis. Hymenio: Basidiis 20-29 x 5.3-6 nm,
sterigmatibus saepe elongatis (usque ad 1 7 ^m lon-
gis), basi fibulata, basidiolis haud fusoideis. Cys-
tidiis nullis, sed cheilocystidiis ad aciem haud het-
eromorpham numerosis, frequenter fasciculatis,
25-63 X 3.5-7.5 nm, subfilamentosis, apice ro-
tundatis vel raro breviter angusteque mucronatis,
rarissime lateraHter ramosis, hyalinis. Epigris (pegs)
ad latera aciemque lamellarum (10-)70-75 nm
longis, hyphosis, multiseptatis, hyphis 2.5-4 nm
latis apiceque rotundatis, tenuitunicatis. Hyphis
omnibus inamyloideis, haud gelatinosis, in pileo
primum generativis tantum sed postea amphim-
itice cum sceletico-ligativis intermixtis, fibulis in
generativis numerosis; tramate hymenophorali ir-
regulari, hyphis intertextis tenuiter vel crasse tun-
icatis (his pariete 1.2-1.7 fxm crassa, hyalina in-
structis), 0.7-4 ^rn crassis, hinc inde usque ad 1 1
^m inflatis; hyphis sceletico-ligativis longissimis
sine septis, saepe furcatis vel curvato-flexuis, apice
cauda angustata subacuta instructis. Subhymenio
12-15 nm alto, multiseptato, parte inferiore (prope
trama proprium) magis filamentoso et regulari.
Epicute pilei cutiformi vel densa, ex hyphis ten-
uibus subparallelis effbrmata, pauca et sparsa di-
verticula breviter hyphosa (e. gr. 6-1 1 x 2.5-4
nm) emittente marginemque versus epigrigera (peg-
bearing).

Ad truncos radicesque aereas Tovomita pirifolia
Planch. «& Triana saprophytice vel parasitice ecres-
cens, gregatim, in silva tropicali inundabili aquae-
nigrae (igapo).

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, Igarape do Taru-

mazinho, 26 IV 1978, Singer B 10990 (wpa). Ad-
ditional collection: same locality, 26 III 1980,
Singer B 12084 (inpa).

Because of the shape of the lamellae and the
wide subhymenium, this species belongs in the
genus Pleurotus, sect. Lentodiellum, near P. sub-
tilis (Berk.) Sing., but the anastomosing lamellae
and the pustulose-scrobiculate pileus are similar
to those of Favolus (sensu Fries), for example Po-
lyporus dermoporus Pers. (= Favolus brasiliensis
Fr.) The lamellae in our species are not strictly
favoloid but merely strongly intervenose. Species
like Pleurotus favoloides show how futile it is to
separate Polyporus or "Favolus" from Pleurotus
(or Lentinus) by inserting them in different fami-
lies or orders.

HYGROPHORACEAE Roze
Hygrotrama araguense Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo fusco-fuligineo, subfibrilloso e fibrillis ple-
rumque appressis, levi, convexo, centro profunde
infundibuliformi, 6-9 mm lato. Lamellis albis,
subdistantibus, sublatis, crassiusculis, acie inte-
gris, profunde decurrentibus. Stipite brunnes-
cente, glabro, levi, subaequali, circiter 20 x 1 mm.
Velo nuUo. Carne alba vel albida, inodora.

Sporis 9.5-12 x 6.5-8.5 fim, ellipsoideis,
depressione applanationeque suprahilari destitu-
tis, inamyloideis, levibus. Hymenio: Basidiis bis-
poris, 49-67 x 6.5-8.5 nm, sterigmatibus usque
ad 1 0 fim longis. Cystidiis cheilocystiisque nullis.
Hyphis hyalinis, defibulatis, in parte superiore
multis inflatis (usque ad 10 nm diam.), minus in-
flatis in parte inferiore, omnibus inamyloideis ne-
que gelatinosis. Tramate hymenophorali regulari,
in mediostrato crasso ex hyphis 1.5-4 ^m latis
eflbrmato; strato laterali crasso ex hyphis magis
intertextis, usque ad 9 fim latis eflbrmato. Epicute
pilei et hypodermio paullum differentiatis, sed illa
fibrillas hyphosas emittente cuius apices rotundati
et inamyloidei sunt, hyphis 3.5-1 1 fim latis, pig-
mento intracellulari, granulari (granulis numeros-
is, globulosis, fuscis vel fuscidulis).

Ad terram in silva tropicali.

Typus— Venezuela, Aragua, Parque Nacional
Henry Pittier, 8.6 km S of Rancho Grande, 6 VII
1971, Dumont, Haines & Samuels (ny).

FIELDIANA: BOTANY

Hygrotrama tetrasponim Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo griseo, subvelutino, sicco, obtuso, levi,
convexo, 2.5 mm lato. Lamellis albis, sat angustis,
haud intervenosis, arcuatis, decurrentibus. Stipite
pallide griseo, glabro, levi, sicco, gradatim et len-
iter apicem versus attenuato, 10 x 0.7 mm (ad
apicem ± 0.3 mm lato). Velo nullo. Carne albida
vel pallidissime griseola, immutabili, inodora.

Sporis 7-8 x 5.5-6.5 nm (sed usque ad 10.2 x
6.2 ixm e basidiis bisporis), subglobosis vel brev-
iter ellipsoideis, guttula amorpha et pariete firma
praeditis, levibus, inamyloideis, appendice excen-
trica hilari sat conspicua, 1-1.5 fim longa munitis,
depressione suprahilari destitutis. Hymenio: Bas-
idiis 32-39 x 8.5-10 fim, clavatis, cc. 95% te-
trasporis, cc. 5% bisporis, illis sterigmatibus usque
ad 8 ^m longis munitis. Cystidiis et cheilocystidiis
nullis. Basidiis et basidiolis anguste clavatis vel
subcylindraceis ad basin haud fibulatis. Hyphis
inamyloideis, defibulatis, eis strati superioris pilei
corpusculis pseudoamyloideis intemis repletis et
latis, nonnulis granulis intemis pigmenti fusci so-
lidi visis. Tramate hymenophorali subregulari ex
hyphis filiformibus vel cylindraceis efformato,
omnibus 3-6 fim latis, tenuitunicatis, hyalinis,
haud gelatinosis. Epicute pilei cutiformi, ex hyphis
latiusculis, cylindraceis vel subventricosis, cellulis
e. gr. 42 x 12 nm, haud gelatinascentibus, levibus
et ex eis in parte superiore nonnullis cellulis sim-
illimis ascendentibus, ad apicem late rotundatis,
nonnullis ex eis recurvatis vel erectis sed haud
hymeniformiter dispositis; pigmento fusco, gran-
ulari, intemo, multis cellulis etiam corpusculis
pseudoamyloideis repletis. Hypodermio paullum
differentiato, eliam culiformi, corpusculis pig-
menti et pseudoamyloideis hyphamm intemis nu-
merosis, pariete tenui, hyalino. Supra epicutem
interdum nunnullae hyphae filiformes applicatae
adsunt.

In silva tropicali pluviali arenosa (campinar-
ana), humicola, solitario.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, Estrada Manaus-
Caracarai km 45, 28 II 1978, Singer & Araujo B
10714 (INPA).

This species is closely related to H. araguense
Sing. (see above).

Hygrocybe amazoniensis Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo aurantiaco, interdum mbro, margine flavo
sed aurantio-striato at levi vel sublevi, hygro-

phano, dehydratione pallido, in siccis autem ad
marginem aurantio-mbescente sed demum in her-
bario margine flavo et centro pallido, glaberrimo,
subnitido sed haud viscido, convexo, centro an-
guste depresso vel umbilicato, 9-10 mm lato. La-
mellis aurantiacis acie flavis, rarius aurantiaco-
mbidis aciem marginemque versus flavidis vel
cremeis, latis vel latissimis, subdistantibus vel dis-
lantibus, haud intervenosis, in siccis flavis, sub-
sinuato-decurrentibus vel adnexis vel rotundato-
adnatis. Stipite aurantio-mbro vel aurantiaco,
subflavescente siccando, sicco, glabro, levi, solido
sed plemmque mox cavo, aequali vel ad basin
attenuato vel ad basin apicemque attenuato, 30-
41 X 1.5-2.5 mm. Carne aurantio-mbella vel pal-
lida aut pallescente, inodora.

Sporis dimorphis, macrosporis perpaucis 16.5-
18.5 X 10-12 /tm, microsporispermultis, 7.5-8.5
X 4.5-6.5 nm vel (in forma rubra) 12-14.5 x 7-
9.5 iim; intermediis (basidiis bisporis?) ± 16 x
8.5-9 nm interdum praesentibus, omnibus hyalin-
is, ellipsoideis, levibus, inamyloideis. Hymenio:
Basidiis dimorphis: Macrobasidiis 36-85 x 13.5-
22 nm, paucis, contentu lipoidi granulari vel
amorpho denso repletis; microbasidiis 33-50 x
6-13 fim, plemmque absque contentu oleaginoso,
omnibus clavatis vel ventricosis, tetrasporis vel
nonnullis microbasidiis bisporis immixtis. Cheil-
ocystidiis in acie lamellamm haud heteromorpha
40-67 X 4.5-7 /im, subtus 2.5-3.5 nm diam., fi-
lamentosis sed apice plemmque claviculatis, sub-
capitatis, rarius anguste ventricosis, hyalinis, con-
tentu visibili destitutis. Cystidiolis similibus sed
brevioribus, frequenter flexuosis vel irregularibus,
saepe raris et inconspicuis. Cystidiis veris nullis.
Hyphis filamentosis (1.5-5 nm diam.) sed angus-
tioribus quam in sectione Conicamm nec prae-
longis, haud gelatinosis, fibulatis. Hyphis oleiferis
2-6 fim latis, contentu macrobasidiomm repletis,
raro in hymenio intrusis. Tramate hymenophorali
regulari. Epicute pilei cutiformi (numquam ixo-
cutiformi), ex hyphis in KOH subhyalinis vel hy-
alinis elongatis effbrmato, hyphis erectis et der-
matocystidiis nullis. Superficie stipitis haud
gelatinosa, ex hyphis verticalibus, parallelis effbr-
mata.

Ad terram argillosam vel (forma mbra) areno-
sam solitario in silva terrae firmae.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, 30 km N of Manaus
(EMBRAPA), 13 VII 1977, Singer B 10097 (inpa).
Additional collection (red form): Reserva Ducke,
28 VI 1978, leg. Ermelinda M. Freire, comm.
Singer B 11249{wv\).

SINGER: NEW TAXA OF AGARICALES

This species belongs in the group around H.
firma (Berk. &. Br.) Sing. and is closely related to
the following species.

Hygrocybe campinaranae Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo rubro, siccando obtuse aurantiaco, opaco,
glabro, vix viscido, levi, convexo, centro applanato
siccando depresso, 12-13 mm lato. Lamellis rub-
ris, aciem versus flavis, siccando uniformiter au-
rantiacis, latissimis, ventricosis, haud interven-
osis, adnexis. Stipite rubro, siccando lamellis
concolori, subtus glabro sed ad apicem pruina pal-
lida pubescente, subaequali sed in tertia parte in-
feriore gradatim incrassato, cavo, ± 37 x 2 mm,
ad basin 3-3.5 mm lato. Carne superficiebus con-
colori vel pallidiore, inodora.

Sporis dimorphis; macrosporis numerosissimis,
11.5-15 X 7.3-1 1.5 Mm, saepe contentu oleagi-
noso repletis; microsporis 5.5-8.5 x 3.5-5.5 nm,
rarius contentu oleaginoso repletis, omnibus ellip-
soideis, hyalinis, levibus, inamyloideis. Hymenio:
Basidiis dimorphis: Macrobasidiis 45-60 x 10-
16 iivc\, contentu oleaginoso repletis, omnibus vel
perpaucis exceptis tetrasporis. Microbasidiis 15-
22(-39) X 6.5-7.5(-l 2) ^m, multis ex eis contentu
oleaginoso repletis, tetrasporis. Cheilocystidiis e.
gr. 19 X 3.5Mm,exiguis(sedexeisacieIamelIarum
heteromorpha vel subheteromorpha), clavatis, hy-
alinis, contentu oleaginoso destitutis. Cystidiis in-
conspicuis sed longis, anguste clavatis, ultra ba-
sidia projicientibus, contentu oleaginoso destitutis,
e. gr. 100 X 4 yLxn. Cystidiolis cheilocystidiis sim-
ilibus. Hyphis inamyloideis, fibulatis, haud gela-
tinosis. Tramate hymenophorali regulari, hyphis
subparallelis, nonnullis usque ad 37 nm diam. in-
flatis. Epicute pilei cutiformi ex hyphis filamen-
tosis, omnibus repentibus, superficialibus partim
minime subgelatinosis sed ixocutem numquam
formantibus. Hypodermio cutiformi, ab epicute et
tramate pilei aegre differentiato. Superficie stipitis
haud gelatinosa. Dermatocystidiis apicis stipitis
ambobus typis cystidiorum hymenialium simil-
limis; praeterea cellulis terminalibus vesiculosis
vel ventricosis, 14-30 x 8-20 nm praesentibus,
his primum tenui-, postea crassitunicatis (0.8-1.8
nvci), interdum septatis, chIamydosporicis(?) in-
terdum utriformibus.

Ad lignum putridum dicotyledoneum in silva
arenosa (typi campinarana) solitario.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, along road Manaus
Caracarai, km 125, 22 V 1978, Singer B 11022
(inpa).

This species differs in the elements of the cov-
ering of the stipe, its color, shape, and habitat.

Hygrocybe hololeuca Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo albo, glabro, levi, sed per medium radium
pellucide striato, haud viscido, obtuse conico vel
convexo, 7-14 mm lato. Lamellis albis, medi-
ocriter latis vel satis angustis, haud intervenosis,
distantibus, adnatis vel decurrentibus. Stipite albo,
glaberrimo, haud viscido, cavo, aequali aut ad ba-
sin gradatim incrassato, ± 27 x 1-1.5 mm, ad
basin usque ad 2 mm incrassato. Carne alba, tenui,
immutabili, inodora.

Sporis 5.3-6.5 x 4.5-5.8 nm, subglobosis, lev-
ibus, hyalinis, inamyloideis. Hymenio: Basidiis 25-
36(-41) X 5-8.8 Mm,tetrasporis.Cystidiisetcheil-
ocystidiis nullis. Hyphis plerumque filamentosis,
nonnullis usque ad 10 vel 20 mhi inffatis sed haud
longissimis (e. gr. 55 ^.m) inter septa, haud gela-
tinosis, tenuitunicatis, fibulatis, inamyloideis. Hy-
phis oleiferis 5-5.5 ^im latis. Tramate hymeno-
phorali regulari, ex hyphis leniter intertextis vel
parallelis effbrmato. Epicute pilei cutiformi, haud
gelatinosa; dermatocystidiis et endocystidiis nullis
vel raris, dermatocystidiis 24-34 x 4-7 ^m, ven-
tricoso-capitatis vel fuseoideo-ampullaceis vel
utriformibus; endocystidiis rarissimis, sed paucis
cellulis hypharum abrupte latioribus (usque ad 10
nm) et structuram Clitocybis hydrogrammae in
mentem revocantibus. Stipitis superficie haud ge-
latinosa et dermatocystidiis destituta.

Ad terram argillosam in silva pluviali terrae fir-
mae solitario.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, 30 km N of Manaus
(EMBRAPA), 17 V 1977, Singer B 9639 (niPA). Ad-
ditional collection: same locality, 14 VI 1977,
Singer B 9972 (inpa).

A third coUection (Singer B 11014) was col-
lected in a different forest type, viz campinarana.
It differs in convex but umbonate or papillate pi-
leus, in estriate, but sometimes slightly sulcate
margin, the presence of cystidia (36-50 x 8-19
^m, fusoid-ampullaceous), and vaguely subgela-
tinous epicutis. It grows gregariously near the
Manaus-Caracarai road in May on rotten wood
and is preserved under the provisional name "//.
hololeuca"' (inpa). I believe (but am not certain)
that Hygrophorus subaustralis Smith and Hesler
sensu Dennis (1953) is the same. Hesler's species
differs in ellipsoid or subovoid spores 3-4 nm broad

nELDIANA: BOTANY

and in pileus and stipe being larger as well as in
the shape of the cystidia. After further observa-
tions show that we have here an independent
species, Ihis should be validly described under the
name Hygrocybe hololeucoides.

Hygrocybe lactarioides Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo badio ("chutney" M&P), centro obscur-
iore, margine pallidiore, glabriusculo, sicco sub-
tomentoso et debiliter ruditerque radiatim phcato,
convexo, centro depresso, ± 1 7 mm lato. Lamellis
cinnamomeis (inter "Titian gold" et "saona" M&P)
vel pileo subconcoloribus, satis angustis (2-3 mm
latis), subcrassiuscuHs, haud intervenosis, confer-
tis, adnatis et dente decurrentibus. Stipite cinna-
momeo-brunneo ("cinnamon brown" M&P), in
vegeto manifeste badio-piloso-pruinoso, glabres-
cente et minute punctato in siccis, cavo, basin ver-
sus attenuato, 43 x 4 mm. Carne subconcolori-
palHdiore, amarissima, inodora.

Sporis 4.2-4.8 x 3.5-3.8 nm, neque angulari-
bus neque omamentatis sed valde irregularibus
forma, inamyloideis, contentu azureo cresyHco
vivide caeruleo et pariete homogenea. Hymenio:
Basidiis 29-34 x 3.5-7 ^tm, (l-)4-sporis, intus
oleagineo-guttulatis, clavatis, basidioHs subfila-
mentosis. Cystidiis typi pseudocystidiorum fuso-
ideis vel fusoideo-ampuUaceis apice tenui (1.3-1.5
Mm diam.) subacuto vel obtusato praeditis, ple-
rumque contentu sparse azureo cresylico caeru-
lescente impletis, apice granulari vel incrustatis,
interdum septa secundaria munitis, 33-65 x 3.5-
7.5 tin\, ultra basidia projicientibus. Hyphis hy-
alinis vel pallide flavidis, fibulatis, inamyloideis;
hyphis oleiferis tenuibus praesentibus. Tramate
hymenophorali regulari, hyphis parallelis vel sub-
parallelis. Tramate stipitis ex hyphis longitudi-
nalibus parallelis eflbrmato. Epicute pilei tricho-
dermatoidea, celluHs terminalibus cystidiis et
basidiolis frequenter similibus. Stipitis tegumento
ex hyphis terminalibus ascendentibus vel erectis
fasciculatis, levibus, subhyalinis (KOH) eflbrma-
to.

Ad terram in silva pluviali tropicali.

Typus— Bolivia, Guayaramerin, 16 III 1956,
Singer B 2012 (lil, "Mamoreia lactarioides ad
int.").

This species is somewhat intermediate between
Hygrocybe and Hygrotrama. The structure of the
epicutis and the colors seem to indicate Hygrotra-
ma, but the pseudocystidia and the absence of

intraparietal pigments are the reasons why it is
described under Hygrocybe in the present paper.
A final decision will be possible only after cyto-
logical and ontological investigations. At any rate,
the existence of H. lactarioides shows that any
attempt to transfer the genus Hygrotrama from
the Hygrophoraceae to the Tricholomataceae is
hardly justified.

Hygrocybe megistospora Sing., spec. nov.

Piieo flavo, siccando plus minusve albescente,
subsicco vel post pluvias subviscido, glabro, levi,
convexo, dein centro moderatim depresso, 14-20
mm lato. Lamellis laete vitellinis vel citrinis, sub-
confertis vel mediocriter distantibus, subventri-
cosis, moderatim latis vel latis, anguste adnexis.
Stipite flavo, subtus frequenter albo, haud viscido,
glabro, cavo, aequali vel basin aut apicem versus
angustato, 26-54 x 2.5-6 mm. Carne albida, in-
odora, miti.

Sporis dimorphis; macrosporis numerosis, 16.5-
22 X 11-14 nm, contentu oleaginoso repletis, el-
lipsoideis, levibus, inamyloideis; microsporis pau-
cis, 12-14 X 2.5-6 nm, ceterum macrosporis sim-
ilibus. Hymenio: Basidiis dimorphis: Macrobasidiis
numerosis 62-99 x 19-21.5 Mm, tetrasporis; mi-
crobasidiis paucis, 50 x 10 ^m, tetrasporis. Cys-
tidiis paucis ad aciem, raris ad latera lamellarum,
inconspicuis, cylindraceis et ex hyphis tramatis
natis, e. gr. 100 x 7-12 nm. Hyphis tramatis hy-
menophoralis regularis subintertextis, aliis fila-
mentosis, aliis longis latisque usque ad 180 x 25
/xm inter septas metientibus, fibulatis, haud gela-
tinosis, inamyloideis. Epicute pilei cutiformi hy-
phis extemis superficieis exceptis quae aut fila-
mentosae aut ventricosae sunt et partim
subgelatinosae sunt sed stratum definitum ixocu-
tiforme abest. In stipitis superficie hyphae gelatin-
isatae etiam desunt.

Ad terram prope rivulam in silva xerophytica
(typi cerrado).

Typus— Brasilia, Goias, Aguas Emendadas Res.,
21 I 1978, Singer B 10560 (inpa).

The extraordinarily voluminous spores and the
xerophytic habitat are characteristic.

Hygrocybe mutabilis Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo sordide roseo dein purpureo-roseo ("with-
ered rose" dein "rosevale" M&P), haud sicco sed

SINGER: NEW TAXA OF AGARICALES

hygrophano, flavo in siccis, glaberrimo, levi, vix
vel lenissime pellucide striatulo in vegetis, con-
vexo, centro subumbilicato vel subapplanato, 1 0-
16 mm lato. Lamellis albis, dein flavescenti-albis,
in siccis ochraceo-flavis, sat latis, ventricosis, sub-
distantibus, anguste vel late adnexis nec non par-
tim subsinuatis. Stipite albo, dein paUide flavo
apice rubescente, flavo in siccis, glabro, levi, sed
frequenter longitudinaliter canahculato, haud vis-
cido, subaequali vel basin versus attenuato, 13-
15x3 mm. Carne superficiei concolori vel pal-
lidiore, partim pallida, inodora.

Sporis 7.5-12.5 x 4.5-7.5 nm, summopere for-
ma sua variabilibus, ellipsoideis, breviter ellip-
soideis, oblongis, ovoideis, triangularibus vel ob-
tuse conicis, depressione suprahilari gaudentibus
aut destitutis, lateraliter saepe phaseoliformibus,
levibus, pariete homogeneo, tenui, inamyloidea
praeditis, hyalinis. Hymenio: Basidiis (l-)2(-3-)4-
sporis, plurimis tetrasporis, sed vix dimorphis,
contentu oleaginoso guttulato repletis, clavatis, 35-
41 X 6-9.5 Mm. Cystidiis veris et pseudocystidiis
nullis, sed cystidiolis cum basidiis et basidiolis
intermixtis et fasciculatis, contentu optice visibili
destitutis, hyalinis, anguste clavatis, 33-35 x 4-
6 nm, ad aciem lateraque lamellarum praesentibus
sed cheilocystidiis haud differentiatis. Epicute pi-
lei cutiformi, haud gelatinosa, hinc inde hyphas
simplices ascendentes emittente ad superficiem.
Stipitis tegumento nullo, strato gelatinoso absente.

Ad terram inundabilem in silva marginali (typi
varzea), anectotrophica.

Typus— Brasilia, Amazonas, Laguna Janauari,
21 XII 1978, Singer B 11465 (inpa).

This species is remarkable among others of sec-
tion Coccineae because the basidia are not di-
morphic while the spores are extraordinarily ver-
siform. The habitat is characteristic. Hygrocybe
subcaespitosa Murr. is related.

aequali, ± 26 x 0.3 mm; mycelio basali haud
abundante. Carne inodora.

Sporis (4. 5-) 5-7 (-8) x (3.5-)4-5.7(-6) nm,
subglobosis, intus minute guttulato-granulosis,
pariete inamyloidea vel partim manifeste pseu-
doamyloidea sed acyanophila, in KOH hyalina,
levi vel (simulate?) subpunctulato munitis. Hy-
menio: Basidiis 26-39 x 6.3-8.3 nm, (2-)4-sporis;
basidiolis haud fusiformibus. Cystidiolis inter ba-
sidia ad aciem lateraque lamellarum praesentibus,
ampullaceis, e. gr. 30 x 5.5 ^ni, apice 2.5 nm
diam. Cystidiis ad aciem lateraque lamellarum
sparsis, 40-90 x 8-16 /xm, ad aciem haud heter-
omorpham 28-50 x 3-9 tim, omnibus hyalinis,
tenuitunicatis, frequenter ultra basidia projicien-
tibus, anguste, rarius late ventricosis, raro aculeo
infra-apicali omatis, apice obtusis. Hyphis haud
gelatinosis, inamyloideis, fibuligeris, hyalinis atque
nonnullis granulatione intracellulari iodi ope au-
rantiacis repletis. Tramate hymenophorali regu-
lari, ex hyphis subparallelis, nonnullis usque ad
13 iim inflatis effbrmato. Epicute pilei cum hy-
podermio continua et vix differentiata, ex hyphis
elongatis, repentibus, appressis, levibus effbrmata,
pigmento aurantiaco intracellulari pallide auran-
tiaco; dermatocystidiis paucis, cystidiis hymeni-
alibus simillimis, e. gr. 47 x 6.5 nm.

Ad terram in silva tropicali-pluviosa solitario.

Typus— 30 IV 1973, Ecuador, Tungurahua, Rio
Topo, 1450 m alt, 30 IV 1973, SingerB7190 (f).

This species is unique because of the pseudoa-
myloid and at the same time acyanophilic spores,
but Hygrophoropsis differs in short basidia and
many other characters. Hygrocybe aurantia (Murr.)
Murr., which we have collected in the Amazonas
region, is relatively close but differs in inamyloid
spores and absence of cystidia.

Hygroaster albellus Sing., spec. nov.

Hygrocybe pseudoamylospora Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo aurantiaco ("Navaho" M&P), haud sicco,
glabro, per medium radium sulcato, convexo, cen-
tro haud depresso sed ± applanato in vegetis, an-
guste depresso in siccis, ± 9 mm lato. Lamellis
cremeis, mediocriter distantibus vel distantibus,
latis, haud intervenosis nec conspicue furcatis, ad-
natis, dente decurrente. Stipite saturate flavo
("cadmium yellow" M&P), glabro, haud viscido.

Pileo albo vel brunnescente-albello, in vegetis
albo, siccando leniter brunnescente, glabro, levi,
sicco, convexo, centro leniter depresso-subumbil-
icato, 2-2.8 mm lato. Lamellis albis, siccando saepe
subbrunnescentibus, horizontalibus, distantibus,
sat crassiusculis, late adnatis. Stipite albo, siccan-
do saepe brunnescente, sicco, glabro, anguste cavo,
subaequali vel leniter gradatimque apicem versus
attenuato, 7-9 x 0.8-1.1 mm. Mycelio basali fi-
brilloso, albo. Velo nullo. Carne tenui, alba, im-
mutabili, inodora.

FIELDIANA: BOTANY

Sporis 10-14 X 9.5-13.5 fim (sine omamenta-
tione: 8-8.5 x 6-7.5 MiTi),globosis vel subglobosis
nec non interdum subheptagonis angulis rotun-
datis, 15-18 spinis conicis, acutis, 2-3.5 fim altis
omatis, tenuitunicatis, hyalinis, inamyloideis, ap-
pendice suprahilari excentrico ± 2 x 0.9 fim. Hy-
menio: Basidiis 33-75 x 11-13 fim, tetrasporis,
paucis 1-2-3-sporis, sterigmatibus 10 x 1.5-2.5
/xm, basi basidii defibulata. Basidiolis anguste cla-
vatis. Cystidiis et cheilocystidiis nullis. Hyphis
filamentosis, hyalinis, tenuitunicatis, defibulatis.
Hyphis oleiferis numerosis, 3-4.5 nm crassis. Tra-
mate hymenophorali regulari vel bilaterali (typi
Phyllopori), hyphis 2-2.7 nm latis, subintertextis,
strato laterali paullum differentiato. Epicute piiei
cutiformi, ex hyphis repentibus, applicatis, ± 3
Mm latis, tenuitunicatis, levibus, hyalinis, haud ge-
latinosis efformato et dermatocystidiis destituta.
Superficie stipitis structura simili gaudente.

Ad terram argillosam luteam nec non ad lignum
putridum in silva terrae firmae primaria, gregatim.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, 30 km N of Manaus,
"EMBRAPA," 3 IV 1978, Singer & Araujo B 10874
(inpa). Additional collection: same locality, Singer
B 10875 (inpa).

This new species of Hygroaster is remarkable
because of the absence of pigments and the small
size of the carpophores.

aciem, quam dermatocystidia plerumque brevior-
ibus, ± 6 fim latis, rarius subcapitatis, cylindra-
ceis, ampullaceis, ventricosis, intus frequenter cor-
pusculis minutis amorphis vel granulosis vel
guttulatis hyalinis repletio, sed contentu azureo
gossypino haud vel vix colorato, parietibus ten-
uibus, inamyloideis. Hyphis elongatis, defibulatis,
inamyloideis, tenuitunicatis. Tramate hymeno-
phorali hyalino, regulari, haud gelatinoso. Sub-
hymenio subcellulari, ex elementis minutis subi-
sodiametricis efformato. Epicute pilei subcutiformi
sed hinc illinc dermatocystidiis numerosis, inter-
dum densis sed haud hymeniformiter dispositis
obtecto, dermatocystidiis cystidiis hymenialibus
simillimis sed 23.5-50 x 4-6.5 ^im et frequenter
subcapitatis. In superficie stipitis dermatocystidia
simillima pruinam formant.

Ad terram et quisquilias quercinas minutissi-
mas in Querceto {Q. oleoides Schlecht. & Cham.)
tropicali.

Typus— Costa Rica, Guanacaste, near Bagaces,
80 m alt., X 1982, L. D. Gomez 18718 (f).

In the type of Collybia alba Peck the spores are
larger (Smith, 1 940). This as well as P. albida Sing.,
both with whitish pileus, should be compared with
the Asiatic type species of the genus. They can be
distinguished by habitat and cystidial character-
istics.

TRICHOLOMATACEAE Roze
Podabrella albida Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo cretaceo-albo, opaco, glabro, nudo, con-
vexo, obtuso, haud umbilicato, 7-8 mm lato. La-
mellis albis, acie integris concoloribus, angustis,
confertis, anguste adnexis vel subadnatis, lamel-
lulis gradatim attenuatis, siccando pallidissime
griseolis. Stipite albo, subtiliter pruinoso ex toto,
aequali, 10-12 x 0.5-0.8 mm; myceliobasaliam-
plo, albo, bombycino, prope stipitem saepe ten-
uiter membranaceo. Carne alba.

Sporis 4-5.2 x 1.8-2.7 ^m, plerumque 4x2
Mm, ellipsoideis vel cylindraceis, levibus, vel sub-
hyalinis in KOH, cyanophilis (moderatim), car-
minophilis, inamyloideis. Hymenio: Basidiis 1 7 x
4.5-5.5 nm, tetrasporis, siderophilis, atrocaemleo-
granulatis in solutione toluidinica. Cystidiis nullis.
Cheilocystidiis numerosis ad ipsam aciem et prope

Podabrella epipolia Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo griseo ("sphinx" dein 1 5 L 9 M«&.P), fus-
cidulo-griseo vel murino, centro frequenter ob-
scuriore (e. gr. "coffee" M&P), hygrophano, a cen-
tro marginem versus expallente (usque ad "Long
Beach" M&P), haud viscido, glabro, convexo, dein
partim applanato, saepe centro umbilicato, mar-
gine primum incurvo, demum interdum recur-
vato, 25-42 mm lato. Lamellis albidis vel primum
cremeis, dein albis vel pallide cremeis, aciem ver-
sus plerumque spadiceis vel siccando brunnescen-
tibus, demum ochraceis crenulatisque, angustis vel
subangustis, confertissimis, lamellulis abmpte an-
gustatis vel tmncatis, liberis vel sinuato-subliberis.
Sporis in cumulo mbidis ("Etmscan red" M&P).
Stipite fuligineo-griseo, subtus frequenter argen-
teo-griseo, subtiliter sericeo sed ad apicem pmin-
ato-fibrilloso, praesertim sub lente, dein plemm-
que glabrescente, cavo, centrali, saepe
longitudinaliter canaliculato, subaequali vel ad ba-
sin incrassato at haud bulboso, 45-93 x 1.5-3.5

SINGER: NEW TAXA OF AGARICALES

mm; rhizomorphis albis saepe applanatis vel una
basah pseudorhizoidea conspicua notatis. Velo
nullo. Carne alba, inodora, miti.

Sporis 4.2-7 x 2.8— 4.5^^1, elhpsoideissednon-
nuUis circumferentia irregulari visis, haud angu-
laribus a pohs visis, raro oblongis, inamyloideis,
levibus, cyanophihs. Hymenio: Basidiis 12-19 x
3.3-6 nm, tetrasporis vel (2-)4-sporis, basidiolis
haud fusiformibus, siderophilis (observatio pri-
mum a cl. Clemen^on communicata et auctore
confirmata!). Cystidiis nullis. Cheilocystidiis ad
aciem heteromorpham numerosis, 28-63 x 3.5-
4.5 nm, oleocystidiformibus, subulatis vel anguste
clavatis vel anguste utriformibus, rarius filifor-
mibus, pariete tenui, hyalina instructis sed in-
crustatione crassa sepiacea vel violaceo-brunnea
r^sinacea obtectis quae iodi ope liquificatur. Hy-
phis tenui- vel firme tunicatis, inamyloideis, de-
fibulatis, subfilamentosis, nonnullis latis, 1-25 fim
diam., in stipite 3-5 fim latis, parallelis vel sub-
parallelis. Tramate hymenophorali regulari, ex hy-
phis angustis et sublatis elongatis interdum un-
dulato-flexuosis sed haud gelatinosis efformato, in
mediostrato hyphis medio numero latioribus quam
in strato laterali. Epicute pilei cutiformi, ex hyphis
subfiliformibus, repentibus, levibus, haud gelati-
nosis effbrmata, in strato supremo interdum hinc
inde flexuosis et sparsim diverticulatis. Ad super-
ficiem pilei stipitisque dermatocystidiis nullis.

Ad terram et folia dejecta sarmentaque in silva
arenosa terrae firmae, gregatim.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, 30 km N of Manaus,
23 III 1978, SingerB 10850 (inpa, holotype; lau,
Fung. Clem., isotype). Additional collection: Road
Manaus-Caracarai km 45, 1 1 VII 1977, Singer B
10084 (iNPA).

American species of this genus are not termi-
tophilous. In them cystidia are absent and cheil-
ocystidia numerous; the latter are narrower than
in the palaeotropical termitophilous species.

Podabrella poliomphax Sing., spec. nov.

A specie praecedente pileo papilla prominente
omato, minore (4-1 5 mm lato); cheilocystidiis an-
guste subampuUaceis, 4-7.5 nm latis, stipite gri-
seo, minore (37-57 x 0.6-1 .7 mm), in parte humo
inserta (si exstat) perangustato constanter differt,
sed affinis.

In silvis tropicalibus ad terram nudam nec non

in humo profundo (terra firme atque campinarana)
gregatim.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, 30 km N of Manaus,
("EMBRAPA"), 18 V 1977, SingerB 9658 (inpa).

Clitocybe duckeana Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo atrobrunneo (inter "bracken" et "Rem-
brandt" M&P), vix hygrophano, haud viscido nec
pruinoso, sed partim sub lente minime innate fi-
brilluloso, levi vel sublevi vel demum ad margi-
nem leniter striatulo vel subsulcato, convexo, cen-
tro obtusissime depresso sed haud umbilicato,
± 32 mm lato. Lamellis pallide griseis, horizon-
talibus, percurrentibus, distantibus sed lamellulis
multis insertis, fortiter intervenosis, ad aciem
homomorpham integram concoloribus, mediocri-
ter latis, adnatis dente decurrente, in vegetis haud
manifeste decurrentibus sed in siccis subdecurren-
tibus. Stipite pallide griseo, glabro apice excepto
ubi pruinatus est, ad basin pallido, haud viscido,
cavo, leniter apicem versus attenuato, ±55 mm
longo, ad apicem 3 mm diam., ad basin usque ad
5.5 mm lato. Mycelio basali sparso, pallido. Carne
pilei alba, subtenui, stipitis ut minime partim su-
perficiei concolori, inodora.

Sporis 7.5-8.5(-9) x 4.5-5.5 /xm, paucis (e bas-
idiis bisporis?) 9-10.5 x 5.5-6 ixm, ellipsoideis,
leni depressione suprahilari plerumque praeditis,
levibus, hyalinis, pariete tenui vel firma, sed haud
crassa, et guttulis intemis numerosis vel una amor-
pha praeditis, inamyloideis. Hymenio: Basidiis 29-
45 X 8.5-9 fim, plemmque tetrasporis, paucis bis-
poris; basidiolis haud fusoideis. Cystidiis et cheil-
ocystidiis nullis. Hyphis elongatis inter septa, fil-
iformibus, multis inflatis (usque ad 28 nm), haud
gelatinosis, inamyloideis, fibulatis. Tramate hy-
menophorali manifeste regulari, haud gelatinoso
ex hyphis filamentosis et inflatis paullum inter-
textis, tenuitunicatis hyalinis effbrmato. Oleiferis
hyphis numerosis, 4-10 /im latis. Epicute pilei cu-
tiformi, ex hyphis filamentosis, in KOH subhy-
alinis et rarius haud manifeste incrustatis, 2.5-3
^m latis effbrmata; dermatocystidiis veris nullis.
Hypodermio ex hyphis etiam cutiformiter dispos-
itis sed pro ratione latioribus effbrmato, nonnullis
ex eis sub epicute endocystidialibus, e. gr. 23-25
X 7-13 nm, ventricosis vel clavatis; pigmento in
hypodermio intracellulari vacuolari. Tegumento
stipitis extra zonam apicalem nullo, sed ad apicem
dermatocystidiis versiformibus pminam forman-
tibus, his 18-53 x 5-13 nm, frequenter anguste

FIELDIANA: BOTANY

clavatis vel subcylindraceis vel utriformibus, om-
nibus tenuitunicatis.

Ad arenas supra terram argillaceam et frustula
lignea putrida solitario in silva typi terrae firmae.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, 30 km N of Manaus,
12 VII 1978. Additional collection: Brasilia, leg.
Maria Sousa, Ermelinda Freire, comm. Singer B
1 1275 (WPA).

This species is closely related to C. exilis Sing.
In some regards it recalls the genera Hydropus and
Gerronema. The endocystidia are here interpreted
as homologous to the inflated elements of subge-
nus Cystoclitus.

icutis pilei frequenter inflatis, ventricosis vel sub-
clavatis et latis (6.5-12 iim diam.) et corporibus
similibus etiam intercalariter inter septa hyphar-
um Clitocybis hydrogrammae modo formatis.
Stipitis superficie in areis tegumento ullo carenle,
sed in aliis partibus cellulis inflatis inter hyphas
intercalatis, aliis cystidiformibus, ventricosis, rar-
ius ampullaceis, superficialibus, 8-27 x 5.5 ^m
vel minoribus.

Ad truncum arboris dicotyledoneae terra tec-
tum in silva pluviali typi terrae firmae gregatim,
immo caespitose.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, 30 km N of Manaus
("EMBRAPA"), 6 IV 1977, SingerB 9618 (inpa).

Clitocybe exilis Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo albo siccando grisascente-murino, glabro
sed sub lente radiatim innate fibrilluloso in non-
nullis areis, ceterum haud fibrilloso, convexo, in
maturis centro nonnihil depresso vel subumbili-
cato, in siccis frequenter minute umbilicato, 7-7.5
mm lato. Lamellis albis, sublatis, subdistantibus,
haud intervenosis, decurrentibus vel adnatis dente
decurrente. Stipite albo, siccando partim fuscidulo
vel griseo, macroscopice levi, glabro, aequali vel
leniter attenuato apicem versus, stricto, erecto, sed
excentrico vel laterali, 10-12 x 1-1.5 mm. My-
celio basali in substrato sericeo, albo. Carne alba,
lenui, immutabili, inodora vel subinodora.

Sporis 7.5-11 X 4.5-6(-6.5)Mm, plerumque8.5-
9 X 5-5.5 iim, (maioribus forsan e basidiis bis-
poris natis), ellipsoideis, rarius oblongis, parieti-
bus levibus, tenuibus vel irregulariter subincras-
satis, debiliter vel manifeste carminophilis in strato
extemo, depressione leni vel applanatione supra-
hilari praesente vel absente, inamyloideis. Hy-
menio: Basidiis 24-37 x 7-8.5 ^m, clavatis vel
rarius ventricosis, ad basin plerumque fibulatis,
(l-)2(-3-)4-sporis, raro uno cum sterigmate grandi
centrali e qua duo vel tres sterigmata secundaria
postea e furcatione nascunt, haud siderophilis.
Cystidiis et cheilocystidiis nullis. Hyphis tramatis
pilei et hymenophori regularis haud gelatinosis,
lenui-cylindraceis vel filamentosis, fibuligeris sed
multis septis (secundariis) simplicibus praesenti-
bus, omnibus inamyloideis, in tramate stipitis fi-
bulis magis numerosis, hyphis parallelis, omnibus
tenuitunicatis. Epicute pilei et hypodermio cuti-
formibus, ex hyphis filamentosis, saepe leuco-pig-
mento tenuiter incrustatis, incrustatione in KOH
in siccis pallide sordida; cellulis terminalibus ep-

In the section Bulluiiferae where this species be-
longs, it is well characterized by its habitat, habit,
spore characteristics, and other minor diflerences.

Clitocybe polylepidicola Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo argillaceo-griseo vel sordide lurido, glabro,
vix minime subviscidulo post pluvias, levi vel
brevissime pellucide striatulo, convexo, centro de-
presso, ± 16 mm lato. Lamellis pallidis vel gilvo-
pallidis, angustis, confertis, adnato-subdecurren-
tibus, in siccis magis decurrentibus. Stipite pileo
subconcolori, glabro, non radicante, ad apicem
leniter angustato, 15 x 3.5 mm, ad apicem 2.5
mm. Mycelio basali sparso alboque, haud strigoso
sed filis mycelialibus sparsis, tenuissimis praesen-
tibus. Carne subconcolori superficiebus, inodora.

Sporis 5.5-6.5 X 2.3-3 nm, ellipsoideo-oblon-
gis, basi attenuatis, in tetrades conglobatis, levi-
bus, inamyloideis, hyalinis. Hymenio: Basidiis 22-
23 X 6-6.5 nm, tetrasporis; basidiolis numquam
fusoideis. Cystidiis cheilocystidiisque nullis. Hy-
phis tramatis pilei hyalinis, inamyloideis, fibula-
tis, parietibus tenuibus vel usque ad 0.5 nm crassis
munitis. Tramate hymenophorali regulari sed
paucis hyphis perpendiculariter currentibus vel
curvatis, filamentosis, paucis usque ad 7 ^m latis.
Epicute pilei ex hyphis repentibus appressis, ± 2
Mm crassis, haud vel vix gelatinisatis eflbrmata.
Hypodermio cutiformi; pigmento hic intracellu-
lari tantum, fuscidulo-griseolo, dissoluto, haud in-
crustante nec intraparietali.

Ad lignum Polylepidis australis Bitter solitario.

Typus— Argentina, Jujuy, Lagunas de Yala, 10
II 1965, SingerT4025 (bafc).

SINGER: NEW TAXA OF AGARICALES

Polylepis wood is a new habitat for the genus.
This species differs from C. eccentrica Peck in nar-
rower spores and nonstrigose base of the stipe.
Clitocybe americana Bigelow differs in colors.
These and other related species are not known to
grow on rosaceous hosts.

Lepista collybiiforinis Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo uniformiter sordide cinnamomeo, hygro-
phano, pallescente sed in siccis colore originali
gaudente, glaberrimo, breviter striatulo ad mar-
ginem sed levi, convexo, umbonato, marginem
versus demum applanato vel subconcavo, ± 22
mm lato. Lamellis albis vel albidis, moderatim
latis, subconfertis, intervenatione sparsa, adnatis
denteque decurrente. Stipite sursum albo, in tertia
basali pallide ochreo, glaberrimo, subaequali vel
minime attenuato apicem versus, ± 26 x 1.5 mm,
ad apicem 1 mm lato. Mycelio basali himantii-
formi, albo.

Sporis 5-5.5 x 3-3.5 Mni,pauhsmaioribus,ver-
ruculosis, verrucis tantum cyanophihs, stramineis
(KOH), ellipsoideis, inamyloideis. Hymenio: Bas-
idiis 18 X 5.5-6 jum, tetrasporis. Cystidiis nullis,
sed prope aciem nonnullis basidiolis irregularibus
(cystidiolis?) interspersis. Hyphis hyalinis, ina-
myloideis, fibulatis, haud gelatinosis. Epicute pilei
cutiformi, hyphis lenissime intertextis, filamen-
tosis, pigmento intracellulari et minutissime vix
manifeste incrustante, pallide grisello-cinnamo-
meo (NH4OH). Hypodermio vix differente.

Ad folia delapsa tenacia in silva arenosa (cam-
pinarana) solitario.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, road Manaus-Car-
acarai, km 45, 3 VIII 1978, leg. Ermelinda Freire,
comm. Singer B 11347 (inpa).

Tricholomopsis elatipes Sing., sp>ec. nov.

Pileo atrofusco vel atrobrunneo (8 E/H 1 1 M&P)
e squamulis marginem versus densioribus et hac
de causa centro nonnihil minus atro quam margo,
in centro inter squamulas dilutiore, ceterum levi,
sicco, convexo, sed centro infundibuliformi, ± 60
mm lato. Lamellis albidis, latis (±10 mm), ad
aciem plus minusve laceratis, distantibus vel sub-
distantibus, subarcuatis, emarginatis sed dente de-
currente. Stipite fusco ("olive wood" M&P), sicco,
albo-sericeo ex toto, cavo, strictissimo et admod-

um elongato, aequali, usque ad 185 x 10 mm.
Mycelio basali sparso. Velo nullo. Carne alba, im-
mutabili. Odore nullo. Sapore miti vel minime
piperato.

Superficiebus pilei stipitisque KOH et H2SO4
ope subimmutabilibus.

Sporis 7.5-9 X 5.2-5.5 nm, ellipsoideis, latus
ad adaxiale minus convexis quam ad latus abax-
iale, hyalinis (NH4OH), inamyloideis, acyano-
philis, levibus. Hymenio: Basidiis 27.5-31 (-47) x
9-9.5 nm, tetrasporis, rarissime bisporis; basi-
diolis anguste clavatis vel cylindricis. Cystidiis ad
aciem lamellarum et ad latera similibus, sat nu-
merosis, 55-82 x 10.2-16.3 tim, ventricoso-utri-
formibus vel ventricoso-subampuUaceis, inter-
dum minute apicaliter mucronatis, generatim
obtusis, firequenter simpliciter ventricosis vel ven-
tricoso-clavatis, maioribus sed haud conspicuis,
pauUum vel haud projicientibus quamquam fre-
quenter longe pedicellatis, intus minutissime gut-
tulatis vel corpusculis guttatis vel amorphis azureo
cresylico haud metachromaticis repletis, tenuitun-
icatis. Hyphis fibulatis numerosis sed septis sim-
plicibus haud raris, praesertim in epicute et hy-
podermio, omnibus inamyloideis, haud gelatinosis.
Tramate hymenophorali regulari, hyphis hyalinis,
tenuitunicatis 2-1 1 )um latis vel magis inflatis.
Epicute pilei fragmentis trichodermialibus effor-
mata, his squamulas formantibus et ex hyphis in-
ter se parallelis ascendentibus efformatis, in parte
palisadicis, cellulis terminalibus vix differentiatis,
apice rotundato-obtusis. Hypodermio profundo,
cutiformi, hyphis sublatis et latis, elongatis, hor-
izontalibus, 1 .8-26 iim latis, pariete tenui, hyalina
praevisis, cellulis interdum sat brevibus (e. gr. 2 1
X 17 nm). Pigmento cellularum epicutis et hy-
podermii intracellulari, vacuolari, frequenter col-
loidaliter condensato, biso vel spadiceo; pigmen-
tum simile in cortice stipitis. Tegumento stipitis
e cellulis elongatis strati corticalis terminalibus in-
flatis et dermatocystidiis superficialibus 77-1 30 x
6-8.7 nm, hyalinis, subfilamentosis vel anguste
ampullaceis, obtusis efformato.

Ad terram argillosam luteam silvae terrae fir-
mae primariae solitario, raro.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, 30 km N of Manaus
("EMBRAPA"), 23 VI 1 977, Singer&Araujo B 10006

(INPA).

This rare species grows on the earth and is re-
markable because of its long, straight stipe. It is
related to T. elata Hongo from Japan.

10

HELDIANA: BOTANY

Tricholomopsis tricholomatoides Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo vegeto colore Lactarii lignyoti gaudente,
siccando "Hudson seal" (M&P) approximante, in
vegetis velutino, in siccis sub lente tomentoso-
vellereo, sed haud radiatim fibrilloso nec squa-
muloso, margine primum incurvo, convexo. haud
umbihcato neque umbonato, demum in centro late
applanato vel leniter depresso, 19-45 mm lato.
Lamellis albidis vel albo-cremeis, confertis, non-
nullis furcatis, intermixtis, latis, demum manifeste
intervenosis, adnato-subdecurrentibus, haud vel
vix sinuatis. Stipite pallide griseo-fusco sed ad ap-
icem extremum albido-pallido, dein ex toto pal-
lide griseo-fusco, sicco, subvelutino-opaco, solido
vel farcto, ad basin rotundato (haud radicante),
aequali vel leniter apicem versus attenuato, 30-
35 X 7-9 mm. MyceHo basali albo. Velo nullo.
Carne alba, in siccis interdum albo-grisello-mar-
morato, immutabih, haud lactescente. Odore et
sapore fortiter farinaceo.

Sporis 7.5-10 x 4.3-6 Mm, ellipsoideis, levibus,
pariete sat tenui, haud carminophila, inamyloidea,
acyanophila munitis, callo poroque apicalibus
destitutis. Hymenio: Basidiis 29-39(-60) x 7.5-
10 /um, tetrasporis, granulatione siderophila des-
titutis, ad basin fibulatis. Basidiolis clavatis. Cys-
tidiis 27-57 x 5.5-9.5 fim, fusoideis, apice su-
bacutis vel frequentius obtusatis vel minute
mucronatis, rarius in parte inferiore cylindraceis
et in medio supemo tantum subfusoideis, raro an-
guste clavatis, tenuitunicatis, hyalinis, haud vel
moderatim projicientibus ultra basidia, aequaliter
vel profundius natis quam basidia. Cheilocystidiis
ad aciem lamellarum heteromorpham bene dif-
ferentiatis, 32-48 x 4-7 /xm, plerumque anguste
ventricosis, sub apicem capitatum (capitulo 2-3
fim diam.) filiformibus et 1-1.5 /txm diam., rarius
utriformibus et ad constrictionem ± 3 ^m diam.,
hyalinis, ita ul cystidia contentu visibili destituta
sint. Hyphis plerumque filamentosis (haud "sar-
codimitice" dispositis), haud gelatinosis, inamy-
loideis, fibulatis, tenuitunicatis, 2-7 ixm latis; hy-
phis oleiferis sat numerosis 5-5.5 ^tm latis. Tramate
hymenophorali regulari, ex hyphis subparallelis
composito; subhymenio bene evoluto. Epicute
profunda pilei trichodermiali, cellulis terminali-
bus aut hyphalibus aut cystidioideis; his derma-
tocystidiis pleurocystidiis hymenophori simillim-
is, singularibus vel dense subhymeniformiter
conglobatis, nonnullis hyalinis sed multis pigmen-
to vacuolari aeque dissoluto vel rarius paullum
colloidaliter condensato fusco vel sepiaceo repletis
sed incrustatione nulla, parietibus hyalinis. Hy-

podermio vix differentiato, dispositione minus tri-
chodermiali tantum discemibili. Tegumento stip-
ilis ei pilei simili. Pigmento iodi ope fermgineo-
bmnneo.

Ad terram in silva tropicali inundabili typi var-
zea sed interdum aqua nigra invasa, gregatim.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, Ilha Janauari, 18 III
\9S3,SingerB 12429 {F).

This species belongs in the section Platyphyllae.
It differs amply from all species of Oudemansiella
and has the tricholomatoid habit of Tricholom-
opsis. Our new species rather recalls the more fleshy
species with inamyloid spores in Hydropus, but
the stmcture of the epicutis is different. Tricho-
lomopsis is represented in the neotropics by T
tricholomatoides, T. subdecorosa (Murr.) A. H.
Smith (growing nearby in similar conditions, Sing-
er B 11459, inpa), and T. totilivida (Murr.) Sing.
(in secondary terra firma forest at Manaus, Singer
B 9844 and 9908, inpa).

Tricholoma moseri Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo nigro-squamoso, inter squamas griseo et
siccando albescente, interdum sparse rimoso, sic-
co, haud sulcato, conico, dein conico-convexo,
± 25 mm lato. Lamellis cinereo-albidis, confertis,
sat latis, sinuatis. Stipite albo, glabro, levi, siccan-
do demum sordescente, haud radicante, cavo, ae-
quali, ± 22 X 5 mm. Velo nullo. Carne alba, in-
odora, insipida in siccis.

Sporis 7.3-8.8 x 3.3-4.3 nm, ellipsoideis vel
oblongis (Q = 1.8-2.2), hyalinis, levibus, inamy-
loideis. Hymenio: Basidiis 2-4-sporis, plerumque
tetrasporis, 28-29 x 7.5 fim, inamyloideis, sed
paucis bisporis pseudoamyloideis. Cystidiis nullis,
sed cystidiolis versiformibus praesentibus, e. gr.
25 X 6.5 nm et utriformibus, hyalinis, tenuitu-
nicatis. Hyphis inamyloideis, defibulatis, haud
gclatinosis. Tramate hymenophorali regulari.
Epicute pilei cutiformi, hyphis 5-14 nm lalis, ap-
pressis vel ascendentibus (in squamis ascenden-
tibus). Hypodermio paullum differentiato, cuti-
formi, ex hyphis pro ratione subangustioribus
effbrmato. Pigmento hyphamm epicutis hypod-
ermiique intracellulari, dissoluto umbrino.

Ad terram sub Pinis hartwegii Lindl.

Typus— Mexico, Paso de Cortes, near upper
Hmit oiPinus at 4100 m alt., 23 VII 1969, Singer
M 8521 (F).

SINGER: NEW TAXA OF AGARICALES

11

This species belongs in the section Tricholoma,
but it is ambiguous between stirps Terreum and
stirps Atrosquamosum. Its affinities with species
of these groups can be definitely established only
after the taste of the fresh carpophores and the
formaUn reaction become known. Mexican my-
cologists will be able to provide the missing data
since at the type locaHty only one species of this
section occurs.

Armillariella afiinis Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo brunneo, centro minute brunneo-squar-
ruloso, ceterum subnudo, subviscido, per medium
radium pellucide striato et siccando levi vel sub-
sulculato, convexo, obtuso, mox applanato vel
centro subdepresso, 29-3 1 mm lato. Lamellis alu-
laceo-pallidis, dein brunneolo-pallidis, ad aciem
frequenter brunnescentibus, confertis, horizontal-
ibus, decurrentibus. Sporarum massa cremeo-alba
(inter la et Ib Romagnesii), dehydratatione cre-
meis (Ib). Stipite supra annulum lameUis conco-
lori, subtus brunneo, dein subfuligineo, superfi-
cialiter albo-sericeo, aequali bulboque destituto,
rarius ad apicem minime attenuato, 42-43 x ± 4
mm, ad apicem plerumque 3 mm diam., saepe
prope basin furcato-duplicato. Velo annuliformi,
albo, tenuiter membranaceo, non manifeste cor-
tiniformi, ad marginem exteriorem lacero. Rhi-
zomorphis nigris prope basin haud visis. Carne
pallida, in cortice stipitis subconcolori superficiei.
Odore nullo vel subnullo. Sapore submiti (post
masticationem tarde lenissimeque adstringente).

Sporis(6.5-)7-8(-9) x (4.5-)4.7-5.5(-6)Mm, el-
Hpsoideis, nonnullis ovoideis, sub immersione
levibus, parietibus usque ad 0.5 ^im incrassatis in
maturis, hyalinis, paucis leniter brunnescentibus
(KOH), inamyloideis. Hymenio: Basidiis 24-26.8
X 5.5-7.2 nm, ad basin defibulatis, hyalinis, pau-
cis flavidis, omnibus tenuitunicatis (sclerificatis
nullis). Cystidiis nullis, sed elementis subhymenii
interdum elongatis et inter basidia intercalatis,
brunneis, fusoideis, perpaucis, e. gr. 15 x 2.5 nm.
Cheilocystidiis ad aciem heteromorpham nume-
rosis, 20-32 x 6-9.5 ixm, fusoideis vel ventricosis
vel subclavatis, hyalinis, tenuiter vel firme (haud
crasse) tunicatis. Hyphis defibulatis, inamyloideis.
Tramate hymenophorali bilaterali, mediostrato ex
hyphis hyalinis, haud gelatinosis, subparallelis, 5-
1 4 nm latis efformato et 30-50 Mm diametro. Stra-
to laterali gelatinoso, ex hyphis recurvatis ten-
uioribus (usque ad 5 /xm latis), elongatis, hyalinis
effbrmato. Subhymenio subcellulari, nonnullis
elementis prope hymenium brunneolis (saepe pig-

mento intraparietali gaudentibus), his 4-4.5 ^m
diam. Epicute pilei cutiformi vix vel paullum ge-
latinosa, ex hyphis subparallelis, defibulatis effor-
mata, his tenuiusculis sed nonnullis ventricosis et
7-13 ^m latis; supra epicutem (in tegumento
squarruloso) hyphis fasciculatis ascendentibus, his
hyphis ex catenulis cellularum elongatarum sed
pro ratione brevium, 11-17 ^m latarum effbr-
matis. Pigmento in omnibus, his et illis, praecipue
intracellulari, vacuolari sed in paucis cellulis etiam
intraparietali, immo tenuiter incrustante, cinna-
momeo.

Ad lignum emortuum truncorum quercinorum
et alneorum, caespitose.

Typus— Costa Rica, Heredia, Varblanes near
Hacienda "Tyrol," 11 VI 1984, Singer B 14615
(F).

This species belongs to the stirps Mellea and has
been observed only in the tropical-montane zone
of Central America. It differs from A. polymyces
(Pers. ex Gray) Sing. & Clem. in paler spore print,
somewhat smaller carpophores, no distinct ixo-
cutis in the cuticle of the pileus and the shape and
size of the cheilocystidia. Although Romagnesi's
( 1 983) key leads to A. mellea (Fl. D. ex Fr.) Karst.,
our species differs from the latter in many char-
acters. Armillaria borealis Marxmiiller has fre-
quently clamped basidia, larger carpophores, and
pure white spore print; ochraceous to yellow colors
frequently occur on the surfaces of the pileus and
stipe.

Armillariella viridiflava Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo pallide olivaceo centro atro-olivaceo, fi-
brillis minutis ex toto obtecto, dein olivaceo, cen-
tro fibrilloso, atro-olivaceo, ceterum denudescente
et per tertiam vel mediam partem radii hygro-
phano, margine extremo saepe albido, per 3-9 mm
marginales pellucide striatulo, sed dein estriato,
exsiccatione subcinnamomeo sed sicco atrofusco
("winterleaf M&P, sed atriore) ad marginem,
brunneoatro in centro ("autumn" M&P), haud
viscido, centro plerumque ruguloso, campanulato-
convexo dein convexo, umbonato, demum inter-
dum subapplanato, 30-64 mm lato. Lamellis al-
bis, dein flavidis et frequenter acie ferruginascen-
tibus, confertis, mediocriter latis, decurrentibus.
Sporis in massa ante desiccatione ulla pallide cre-
meis (Romagnesi Ib vel Ila, exsiccatione Ila vel
Ilb, i.e. ffavidulis). Stipite albo, dein albidulo vel
rutilescente-albo, mox e basi apicem versus cin-

12

HELDIANA: BOTANY

namomeo vel olivaceo-brunneo, sicco ± cacaoco-
lori ("cacao" M&P), superficialiter fibrillulis haud
densis olivaceo-flavidis omatis, ad apicem leniter
longitudinaliter sulculato, solido, dein farcto, su-
baequali vel (si dense fasciculatim crescens) basin
versus acuminato-attenuato, 80-125 x 9-1 1.5
mm. Velo apicali, bene evoluto et persistente,
crassiusculo-membranaceo, prope superficiem
stipitis tantum subcortiniformi, flavido, rarius albo
et saepe partim flavido. Mycelio basali albo. Rhi-
zomorphis nigris prope basin stipitis sparsis vel
raris. Carne alba, dein brunnea in parte inferiore
stipitis, fractu cameo-brunnescente in lamellis et
in annulo, camosa. Odore debili, haud notabili.
Sapore miti sed post masticationem prolongatam
leniter styptico-adstringente, demum iterum miti.

Sporis 6.2-8.5 x 4.5-5.5(-6) ^m, ellipsoideis,
sub immersione levibus, pariete interdum usque
ad 0.3 ^m incrassata, inamyloidea, hyalina prae-
ditis, contentu interdum in KOH flavescentibus.
Hymenio: Basidiis (I6-)2 1.8-3 1.8 x (6-)6.7-
9(-10) Mm, (2-)4-sporis vel omnibus tetrasporis,
nonnullis usque ad 45 nm longis, multis ad basin
fibulatis, pariete tenui vel vix incrassatis, basidiis
sclerificatis haud visis. Cystidiis nullis. Cheilocys-
tidiis numerosis ad aciem heteromorphicam,
(I5-)24-32(-70) X (3-)6-I0(-I2) nm, versifor-
mibus, sed plerumque cylindraceis vel fusoideis
vel ventricosis, nonnullis utriformibus vel am-
pullaceis, frequenter capitulatis, rarius apice efii-
latis, plemmque obtusis, tenuitunicatis, hyalinis
vel subhyalinis. NonnuIIis basidiis contentu plas-
matico destitutis sed corpusculo uno vel duobus
colorabilibus nec non septis secundariis transver-
sis instructis sed haud sporulantibus, fibula basali
plemmque munitis. Hyphis defibulatis, inamy-
loideis, haud gelatinosis. Tramate hymenophorali
subregulari-bilaterali sed strato laterali gelatinoso
destituto. Subhymenio subcellulari, elementis
minutis. Epicute pilei strato gelatinoso destituta,
in fibrillis superficialibus ascendentibus cellulis pro
ratione brevibus. Pigmento in KOH lenissime,
tenuissime incrustante sed plerumque intracellu-
lari, aurantiaco-fulvo vel fulvo-bmnneolo.

Ad ligna tmncorum Dicotyledonearum e. gr.
Cistaceamm et Rosaceamm, fasciculatim vel dense
gregatim.

Typus— Spain, Catalonia, mountains near Tos-
sa, 24 X 1979, Singer C 9601 (f). Additional col-
lection: Austria, Wien, Floridsdorf, 7 X 1979,
Singer C 9556 (wu).

This species is likely to be identical with Agar-

icus melleus var. viridiflavus Barla. It is charac-
terized by cream-yellowish spore print, nongela-
tinized hymenophoral trama, almost mild taste,
clamp connections rather frequent at the base of
the basidia, the olive to olive-blackish color of the
pileus, the lamellae which stain flesh-brownish
when injured (as does the annulus), and seems to
be remarkable additionally by a more southem
area of distribution and the host range.

Omphalina infumata Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo olivaceo-brunneo, inter strias pallido, gla-
bro, pellucide striato, convexo, obtuso vel umbone
exiguo et humili praedito, 14-19 mm lato. La-
mellis flavidulis, distantibus, sublatis, decurren-
tibus. Stipite ad apicem bmnneolo, subtus pallid-
iore vel cremeo-pallido, macroscopice subglabro,
aequali, 20-30 x 1-1.5 mm. Mycelio basali albo.
Carne pallida vel subalbida, inodora. Basi stipitis
lichenisata vel ut minime algas ferente.

Sporis 7.5-9 x 4.5-5.5 Mm,eIlipsoideis,Ievibus,
hyalinis, inamyloideis. Hymenio: Basidiis 34.5-43
X 7.5-9 nm, (3-)4-sporis. Cystidiis nullis. Cheil-
ocystidiis 28-35 x 3-4 /xm, angustissime clavatis
vel subfilamentosis, nonnullis capitatis vel ad ap-
icem furcatis. Hyphis defibulatis. Tramate hy-
menophorali irregulari, hyalino. Epicute pilei cu-
tiformi, sed laxe dispositis hyphis, nonnullis
terminalibus ascendentibus et frequenter cystidi-
formibus, tunc cheilocystidiis et dermatocystidiis
piliformibus stipitis simillimis, nuUa in parte ge-
latinosis consistente. Tegumento stipitis e pilis vel
dermatocystidiis effbrmato, his 20-83 x 4-7 ^m,
anguste clavatis vel subcylindraceis vel ampulla-
ceis, hyalinis. Pigmento melleo, subfuscidulo, in-
cmstante.

Ad truncum piceinum putrescentem.

Typus— CSSR, Slovakia, between Kezmarsko
and Kezmarske Zlaby, 7 IX 1974, leg. Singer &
Kuthan, comm. Singer C 5921 (f).

This species is likely to be identical with Agar-
icus infumatus Berk. & Br., but since no type has
been available for comparison, we described it as
a new species; it is quite remarkable because of its
colors which in sect. Defibulatae do not seem to
occur among well-defined species.

Gerronema albogriseolum Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo albogriseolo vel griseoloalbo, siccando albo
vel albido, sub lente partim albisericeo sed mac-

SINGER: NEW TAXA OF AGARICALES

13

roscopice ex toto glabro in vegetis, convexo, centro
applanato, ± 8 mm lato. Lamellis albis, subdis-
tantibus ( 1 4 percurrentibus), latis, ad aciem inte-
gris et lateribus concoloribus, adnatis vel subsin-
uato-adnatis, haud decurrentibus. Stipite albo,
glabro, ad apicem attenuato, 12-13 x 1.5 mm, ad
apicem 0.8-1 mm lato. Mycelio basali sericeo, albo.
Carne alba, immutabili, inodora.

Sporis 5-6 x 3.5-4 ^m, plerumque 5.5 nm lon-
gis, ellipsoideis vel breviter ellipsoideis, depres-
sione suprahilari destitutis, levibus, hyalinis, in-
amyloideis. Hymenio: Basidiis 21-28.5 x 6-
6.5(-7.5) nm, 2-4-sporis, plerumque tetrasporis.
Cystidiis nullis. Cheilocystidiis sparsis et incon-
spicuis, filamentosis, frequenter furcatis, 1.5-2.5
^m latis, obtusis, sed prope marginem pilei pilis
cystidiformibus praesentibus, his 36 x 5 fim, ad
basin ± 9 ^m latis, tenuitunicatis, apice cylindra-
ceis, hyalinis, sparsis. Hyphis defibulatis, inamy-
loideis, haud gelatinosis. Tramate hymenophorali
regulari, in parte centrali ex hyphis nonnihil infla-
tis (usque ad 1 0 nm) effbrmato, ceterum filamen-
toso (hyphis 2.5-3 fim diam.), hyalino. Epicute
pilei cutiformi ex hyphis filamentosis effbrmata,
sed supemis saepe ascendentibus vel recurvatis,
interdum intertextis, sed generatim sparsis proji-
cientibus et tegumentum tenue sericeum forman-
tibus, nonnullis ex eis interdum moniliformibus,
tenuitunicatis, omnibus 2-2.5 nm latis et in KOH
hyalinis.

In vegetatione typi campinaranae ad Ugnum pu-
tridissimum solitario.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, road Manaus-Car-
acarai, km 1 25, 20 VII 1 978, SingerB 1 1291 (inpa).

This species is related to G. albidum (Fr.) Sing.
and G. alutaceum Sing., both belonging in sect.
Gerronema.

Gerronema bethlehemicum Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo atrogriseo vel fuligineo-griseo ("biskra"
vel "bronze Br" M«&P), in sulcis murino (14 F 5
M&P) demum fusco-brunneo ("Cochin" M&P),
glabro, ad marginem sulcato, centro plerumque
venoso-rugoso, convexo, dein margine applanato,
demum concavo centro leniter vel profunde in-
fundibuliformi, ± 40 mm lato. Lameiiis flavido-
griseolis ("fallow" vel 1 1 G 2 M&P), distantibus,
satis angustis, leniter intervenosis in vetustis, vix
aut non intervenosis in junioribus, decurrentibus;
superficie interlamellari grisea. Stipite albo, gla-

bro, aequali, longitudine diametro pileo plerum-
que subaequali, 2.5 mm diam., haud insititio.

Sporis 6.5-9 x 4.5-5.2 /im, plerumque 6.7-8
X 4.5-5 nm, ellipsoideis, depressione suprahilari
debili vel nulla, pariete levi, hyalina, inamyloidea
munitis. Hymenio: Basidiis 7.5 nm latis, tetras-
poris. Cystidiis cheilocystidiisque nullis. Hyphis
fibulatis; tramate hymenophorali regulari, ina-
myloideo. Epicute pilei cutiformi, dermatocysti-
diis haud differentiatis.

Ad lignum emortuum in silva inundabili.

TYPUS-Brazil, Para, Belem, 10 VI 1966, Singer
B 4274 (BAFC).

This new species had formerly been thought to
be conspecific with G. strombodes (Berk. & Mont.)
Sing. but is certainly different although related.

Gerronema candidum Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo candido, macroscopice glabro, sed sub lente
sericeo-subtomentoso vel sericeo-puberulo, levi,
haud viscido, margine initio incurvo, convexo,
umbilicato, 3.5-15.5 mm lato. Lamellis albis, sub-
confertis vel subdistantibus, sat latis vel satis an-
gustis, haud intervenosis, adnato-decurrentibus vel
decurrentibus. Stipite albo, subglabro vel subtili-
ter sericeo-puberulo ut pileus, levi, haud viscido,
cavo, aequali, 11.5-29 x 0.6-1.8 mm. Mycelio
basali gossypino et/aut tenuissime rhizomorphico,
albo. Carne alba, immutabili, moUi-camosa, in-
odora, KOH ope ut superficies pilei aquose sor-
dideque ochracea.

Sporis 4-4.5 x 3-3.8 ^im, e. gr. 4.5 x 3.5 tim
aut 4.5 X 3.8 /xm, breviter ellipsoideis vel subgl-
obosis, plerumque breviter ellipsoideis, depres-
sione suprahilari destitutis, levibus, haud angu-
laribus, pariete homogenea, levi, hyalina,
inamyloidea et guttula olei globosa institutis. Hy-
menio: Basidiis 18-21 (-24.5) x 4.5-6 /xm, tetras-
poris; basidiolis haud fusiformibus. Cystidiis et
cheilocystidiis nullis. Hyphis in pileo et stipite in-
amyloideis, haud gelatinosis, defibulatis, sublaxe
dispositis, in pileo plemmque subintertextis, in
stipite parallelis, hyalinis, saepe multiseptatis, per-
paucis inflatis usque ad 20 ^m diam. Tramate hy-
menophorali regulari, interdum typi Clitocybis.
Epicute pilei cutiformi sed hyphis superficialibus
cellulas hyphales vel pili- vel cystidiformes em-
ittentibus quae filamentosae at frequenter curva-
tae vel flexuosae sunt et, si cystidiformes, anguste
utriformes evadunt, omnes hyphae tenuitunicatae

14

FIELDIANA: BOTANY

et hyalinae, 23-42 x 2.5-5 MmTegumentostipitis
simili, excrescentiis minus densis, saepe longiori-
bus 24-60 X 2.5-4.5 ntn, nonnullis subtiliter hy-
alino-incrustatis.

In solo arenoso et ad frustula lignea nec non ad
terram argillosam in silva typi terrae firmae, so-
litario.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, road Manaus-Car-
acarai, km 45, 1 0 VIII 1978, Singer B 1 1372 (inpa).
Additional collection: same locality and date,
Singer B 11375 (wpa).

This species, belonging to sect. Gerronema, is
close to G. albidum (Fr.) Sing. and G. albogriseo-
lum Sing. from which it differs in snow white pileus
and shorter spores. The smaller forms of G. can-
didum may easily be confused with species of
Hemimycena in the field, but they differ in the
hyphal structure and the absence of clamp con-
nections.

Gerronema costaricense Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo citrino vel luteo, sicco pallidiore, partim
demum brunnescente, hygrophano, glabro, haud
viscido, levi, partim innate fibrilluloso sub lente
in siccis, convexo, centro anguste depresso, 30-34
mm lato. Lamellis pileo concoloribus, confertis
vel subdistantibus, fortiter intervenosis, angustis
vel mediocriter latis, adnatis vel decurrentibus.
Stipite pileo concolori, siccando et sicco pallide
flavo, levi, glabro, sicco, aequali, 36-38 x 2-2.5
mm. Myceho basah abundante, albo. Carne ino-
dora, miti.

Sporis 5.3-6.8 x 4.3-5.8 Mm, e. gr. 6.5 x 5.3
Mmaut6 X 5.2^01, breviterelhpsoideis vel subgl-
obosis, levibus, in KOH intus saepe subflavescen-
tibus, amorphe vel globoso-guttatis, inamyloideis.
Hymenio: Basidiis 22-29 x 5.5-7.5 nm, tetras-
poris. Sterigmatibus ± 6 nm longis. Cystidiis veris
nuUis sed cheilocystidiis ad et prope aciem la-
mellarum numerosis, 30-52 x 6.5-9 tim, utrifor-
mibus vel ampullaceis, rarius clavatis, nonnulUs
unum ad latus excrescentia obhqua gaudentibus,
apice (in ampullaceis breviusculo) obtusis. Hyphis
fibulatis, inamyloideis. Tramate hymenophorah
regulari, haud gelatinosa, ex hyphis elongatis max-
ima e parte filamentosis, tenuitunicatis, hinc ilUnc
inflatis, 4-16 ^im latis, moderatim longis inter sep-
ta effbrmato, subintertexto, hyalino vel partim ful-
vido, hic nec non in hypodermio pigmento neque
incrustante neque manifeste intraparietali. Epi-

cute et hypodermio similibus, cutiformibus, in ep-
icute ex hyphis 2-5 ^im latis, praecipue hyalinis,
in hypodermio ex hyphis 2.5-9 nm latis, magis
fulvidis effbrmatis. Dermatocystidiis nullis.

In silva tropicali-montana ad lignum putridis-
simum gregatim sub arboribus dicotyledoneis.

Typus— Costa Rica, Heredia, above San Jose
de la Montana, Porrosati, 1 900 m alt., 29 VI 1 98 1 ,
Singer B 12520 (f).

From the South American G. retiarium (Berk.)
Sing., this species can be distinguished mainly by
the broader spores.

Gerronema daguense Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo saturate griseo vel umbrino, vix hygro-
phano, innate radiatim fibrilloso vel fibrillis in-
natis vix visibilibus, per tertiam partem radii vel
per medium radium sulcato et pellucide striato,
haud viscido, convexo, umbilicato, ± 1 5 mm lato.
Lamellis albis, subdistantibus, angustis, haud in-
tervenosis, adnato-attenuatis vel subdecurrenti-
bus. Stipite pallide griseo, glabro macroscopice,
levi, cavo, verticali sed excentrico, aequali vel su-
baequali, ±17 x 1.3 mm. Mycelio basali albo,
strigoso, radiato. Carne albo, inodora.

Sporis 5.5-7.5 x 3.5-4.3 nm, ellipsoideis vel
ellipsoideo-subamygdaliformibus, levibus, hy-
alinis, inamyloideis. Hymenio: Basidiis 17-21 x
6.5-7 nm, tetrasporis. Cystidiis praesentibus sed
admodum sparsis, inconspicuis, ± 27 x 3-3.5 iim,
subsubulatis, tenuitunicatis, hyalinis. Cheilocys-
tidiis ad aciem haud heteromorpham pleurocys-
tidiis similibus vel pluries ampuUaceis, 28-3 1 x
3-7.5 iim. Hyphis fibulatis, haud gelatinosis, hy-
alinis, inamyloideis, in stipite parallelis et sub-
hyalinis. Tramate hymenophorali regulari. Epi-
cute pilei cutiformi, ex hyphis filamentosis levibus
effbrmata, perpaucis dermatocystidiis eis stipitis
simillimis praesentibus. Dermatocystidiis stipitis
moderatim numerosis, 12-20 x 3.5—4.5 nm, cys-
tidiis hymenialibus plerumque minoribus et for-
ma magis irregularibus, tenuitunicatis.

Ad folium Melastomatacearum emortuum in
silva tropicali-montana solitario.

Typus— Colombia, El Valle, Corr. EI Vergel,
Dagua, 14 IV 1960, Singer B 6123 (f).

This species may be erroneously classified as
Hydropus but differs from that genus by a number

SINGER: NEW TAXA OF AGARICALES

15

of microscopical characters. If compared with the
species of Hydropus, sect. Floccipedes, it differs
from all species in narrower spores, cystidia, and
dermatocystidia as well as in mainly filamentous
tramal hyphae. It belongs in sect. Xanthophylla of
Gerronema and can be distinguished from G. lep-
tosarcum Sing. by the size of the carpophores and
their habit, and also by narrower spores, nonin-
tervenose lamellae, and the exact structure of the
covering of pileus and stipe.

Gerronema flammeum Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo rubro, glabro vel leniter (sub lente) radia-
lim innate fibrilluloso, haud viscido sed interdum
luride expallente praecipue in centro, levi vel brev-
iter sulcato, convexo, centro depresso, 2-8 mm
lato. Lamellis, rubris vel aciem versus flavo-flam-
meis vel flavidis, latis, subdistantibus vel distan-
tibus, adnato-subdecurrentibus vel decurrentibus.
Stipite rubro, sicco, glabro, levi, aequali, tenui,
22-35 X 0.3-1 mm. Carne subconcolori, immu-
tabili, tenui, inodora.

Sporis(5-)7.5-l 1.5 x (3-)4-7.3 mhi, plerumque
7.5-10 X 5-6.5 nm, ellipsoideis, levibus, inamy-
loideis. Hymenio: Basidiis 22-37 x (6-)6.5-l 1 nm,
bi- vel tetrasporis, variabilibus sed haud dimor-
phis, sed interdum omnibus bisporis. Cystidiis et
cheilocystidiis nuUis. Hyphis fibulatis, inamyloid-
eis, azureo cresylico haud metachromaticis, haud
gelatinosis. Tramate hymenophorali regulari, ex
hyphis satis angustis nec non inflatis usque ad 1 5
^m effbrmato. Epicute pilei ab hypodermio aegre
differentiata, in KOH et NH4OH aurantiaca, dum
hyphae tramatis pilei subhyalinae permanent, cu-
tiformi, ex hyphis levibus effbrmata, hyphis erectis
superficialibus et dermatocystidiis nullis. Stipitis
vestimento a tramate stipitis ex hyphis longitu-
dinaliter dispositis haud differentiato.

Ad terram nigram et argillosam et arenosam,
saeF>e particulis adustis ligneis intermixtam in sil-
va tropicali pluviali typi terrae firmae vel cam-
pinaranae primaria et secundaria passim.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, road Manaus-Car-
acarai, km 106, 4 IV 1978, SingerB 10916 (inpa).
Additional collections: same locality, 24 III 1978,
Singer B 10861 (inpa); from 30 km N of Manaus,
21 IV 1977, SingerB9766 (inpa). Both these col-
lections are apparently identical.

This species is somewhat similar to some hy-
grocybes, especially H. trinitensis Pegler, and can

be easily taken for that species in the field. How-
ever, it does not seem related because the basidia
are neither dimorphic nor five or more times long-
er than the longitudinal axis of the spores. There-
fore we prefer to insert it in sect. Romagnesia sub-
sect. Porpophora of Gerronema.

Gerronema laccarioides Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo pallide roseo, albicante vel subalbicante
in adultis, haud viscido, hygrophano, glabro, levi,
convexo, umbilicato, 6-9 mm lato. Lamellis ro-
seolis (2 A 10 M&P), distantibus, angustis, non-
nullis angustissimis, decurrentibus. Stipite pallide
roseo (1 A 8/9 M&P), subtus albo, haud viscido,
glabro, saepe basin versus attenuato, 1 5-2 1 x l .2-
2 mm. Mycelio basali tomentoso, albo. Carne alba,
immutabili, camosa, inodora.

Sporis 9.5-1 1.2 x 4.8-6.7 /im, ellipsoideis, lev-
ibus, depressione applanationeque suprahilari
destitutis, in KOH hyalinis vel subflavido-hyalin-
is, inamyloideis, acyanophilis. Hymenio: Basidiis
33-52 X 7.8-1 1.2 ^m, tetrasporis, plerumque ten-
uitunicatis, clavatis; paucis basidiis etiam tetras-
poris sed pariete sclerificata (0.7-2 /tm diam.)
munitis. Cystidiis nullis, sed ad aciem et prope
aciem cheilocystidiis raris filamentosis praesen-
tibus, his 18.5-19 x 3.3-3.5 ixm, aequalibus vel
subampullaceis, hyalinis. Hyphis pilei radialiter
dispositis, fibulatis, inamyloideis, aut filamentosis
et 2-3 ^im latis aut inflatis (cellulis usque ad 3 1 x
24 ^ni), tenuitunicatis, haud gelatinosis. Tramate
hymenophorali regulari, ex hyphis hyalinis, par-
tim subparallelis, partim leniter intertextis, dia-
metro variabilibus effbrmato. Epicute pilei cuti-
formi, ex hyphis levibus, tenuitunicatis, in NH4OH
hyalinis, haud incrustatis, 2.5-6.8 nm latis effbr-
mata. Hypodermii hyphis nonnihil latioribus.

Ad superficiem verticalem fossae in silva se-
cundaria gregatim, terricola.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, Manaus, 12 VI 1977,
Singer B 9936 (inpa). Additional collection: same
locality, 24 VI 1978, Singer B 9936a (inpa).

This species is similar to G. flammeum Sing.
We have an additional collection which is macro-
and microscopically almost fully identical with the
type coUection but is in fresh condition complete-
ly white and pigmentless, and grew on rotting
woody matter (probably a fruit shell of Chryso-
balanaceae) solitarily in primary terra firme forest.
This is preserved under the provisional name G.

16

HELDIANA: BOTANY

oligoadelphum. The only carpophore available
comes from Brazil, Amazonas, 30 km N of Man-
aus, 13 VII 1977, Singer B 10101 (inpa).

Gerronema mariae Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo intense aureo-flavo, lenissime hygrophano
et ad aureolinum ("aureolin Y" M&P) pallescente,
sicco minus laete flavidobrunneo vel pallide flavo-
brunneo, haud viscido, leniter p>ellucide striatulo
ad marginem sed haud sulcato, camoso-firmo, sub
lente in siccis innate brunneolo-striato-fibrilloso
supra fundum flavidulum, glabro vel subglabro,
convexo, centro umbilicato, (22-)50-59 mm lato.
Lamellis concoloribus pileo vegeto sed ochraceo-
brunneis in herbario, subconfertis vel moderatim
confertis, sat angustis vel mediocriter latis, sim-
plicibus vel interdum inverse furcatis, arcuatis, de-
currentibus. Lamellis humidis charta alba flavo
maculatur. Sporarum massa candida. Stipite quam
pileus pallidiore, in siccis albido, levi, sub lente
partim subtomentoso vel tomentoso sed macro-
scopice glabro vel subglabro, in adultis cavo, KOH
ope superficie brunneolo-maculato, aequali vel
basin versus attenuato, (21-)30-33 x (5-)7-9.5
mm. Mycelio basali strigoso sed frequenter sparso
vel subnullo, albidulo. Carne flavida, sicco albi-
cante, ceterum immutabili. Odore nuUo. Sapore
miti.

Sporis 5-6 x 4.5-5.5 nm, plerumque 5.5 x 5
Mm, globosis vel subglobosis, pariete hyalina, in-
amyloidea, acyanophila et haud manifeste heter-
ogenea, subpunctulata vel sublevi et gutta globosa
oleaginea munitis, circumferentia levi sub im-
mersione. Hymenio: Basidiis pro ratione longis-
simis, 30-40 x 5.5-6.5 nm, tetrasporis; basidiolis
haud fusoideis. Sterigmatibus usque ad 9 ^m lon-
gis. Cheilocystidiis ad aciem numerosis, sparsis ad
latera prope aciem, ita ut acies heteromorpha di-
catur, 34-40 x 3-4.8 ^im, subhyalinis vel subflav-
idis, filamentosis atque apice frequenter clavicu-
latis vel rarius attenuatis, saepe flexuosis; interdum
pseudocystidiis inconspicuis praesentibus; pleu-
rocystidiis haud differentiatis. Hyphis inamyloid-
eis, fibulatis. Tramate hymenophorali regulari, hy-
alino, ex hyphis filamentosis 1.5-11 ^m latis,
minime intertextis vel subparallelis et hyphis olei-
feris sat numerosis, 4.2-5.2 ^m latis, melleis ef-
formato. Hae interdum hymenium irrumpent et
pseudocystidia inconspicua, haud projicientia, an-
guste clavata formant. Epicute pilei cutiformi ex
hyphis levibus, 3—4 /xm latis, tenuitunicatis effbr-
mata; dermatocystidiis raris, e. gr. 45 x 7.5 iim.

utriformibus, tenuitunicatis, prostratis. Hypod-
ermio cutiformi, ex hyphis latioribus, flavo-mel-
leis vel flavidulis effbrmato.

Ad truncum dicotyledoneum locis umbrosis in
silva secundaria terrae firmae gregatim.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, Manaus, 25 IV 1978,
leg. M. Souza, comm. Singer B 10997 (inpa).

This species is diflicult to insert in any of the
sections of Gerronema, although it undoubtedly
belongs to that genus. Its size, area of distribution,
and habitat tend to show affinity with sect. Xan-
thophylla. The spore wall is similar to that of G.
macrosporum Sing. in subg. Romagnesia, yet the
endosporium is not metachromatic as in sect.
Haasiella, and the pleuro- and dermatocystidia are
much less numerous and conspicuous than in sect.
Fibulae, and the carpophores are larger and fle-
shier than in all known representatives of subg.
Romagnesia.

Gerronema pantoxanthum Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo flavido-ceraceo ("colonial Y," "mustard"
M&P), olivaceo-brunneo vel brunneo vel fuligineo
colore vibecino-virgato ad marginem et ex integro
supra papillam ("old bronze," "bronze lustre,"
"olive brown" M&P), sub lente radiatim innate
fibrilloso, sed glabro, haud viscido, levi, rarius ad
marginem sulcato, convexo, centro depresso in ad-
ultis et constanter acute vel subacute papillato in
depressione, 28-37 mm lato. Lamellis flavis
("chrome Y," 9L1,9L3, 10L3 M&P), distan-
tibus vel subdistantibus, haud vel in vetustis paul-
lum intervenosis, mediocriter latis vel subangus-
tis, lamellulis insertis sed plerumque haud
regulariter tridymis, arcuatis vel subarcuatis, de-
currentibus. Stipite aut lamellis concolori aut oli-
vaceo-flavo ("glint o' gold" M&P) aut isabellino
("India buff^' M&P), sicco grisascente, subpruin-
ato ut minime in parte superiore sub lente, haud
viscido, levi, aequali vel subaequali, 26-60 x 1.5-
2.2 mm. Mycelio basali albo, interdum sparso.
Carne pallida vel superficiebus concolori, immu-
tabili, subtenaci in siccis, inodora.

Sporis 6.2-8.2 x 3-5.2 nm, ellipsoideis vel ob-
longis, levibus, hyalinis, inamyloideis. Hymenio:
Basidiis 26-32 x 6.5-7.5 nm, tetrasporis. Cysti-
diis et cheilocystidiis nullis. Hyphis fibulatis, in-
amyloideis, haud gelatinosis. Tramate hymeno-
phorali regulari ex hyphis ± intertextis, 2.5-26 nm
latis effbrmato. Epicute pilei cutiformi, saepe ten-

SINGER: NEW TAXA OF AGARICALES

17

uissimo et partim hypodermium exponente, ex hy-
phis levibus, hyalinis in NH4OH et KOH, fila-
mentosis, 1.5-2.2 ^m diam. efformata.
Hypodermio ex hyphis hyalinis aut pigmentatis,
latioribus (usque ad 18 fim diam.); pigmento vac-
uolari, in siccis in KOH et NH4OH fuscogriseolo,
haud intraparietali nec incrustante. Dermatocys-
tidiis in pileo nullis. Tegumento stipitis e der-
matocystidiis efformato; his sat numerosis ad ap-
icem stipitis, hyalinis vel fumosis, subcylindraceis,
saepe semel vel bis constrictis, obtusis, rarius an-
guste breviterque appendiculatis.

Ad lignum dicotyledoneum in silva pluviali typi
terrae firmae.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, 30 km N of Manaus
("EMBRAPA"), 25 V 1977, Singer B 9713 (inpa).
Additional collections: road Manaus-Caracarai, km
45, 11 VII 1977, Singer B 10055 (inpa) and 30
km N of Manaus, 9 VII 1960, Singer B 3441.

This is related to G. xanthodictyon Sing. (sect.
Xanthophylla) but its carpophores are larger, its
spores smaller, its lamellae strongly intervenose.

Gerronema sucrense Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo spadiceo centro et sulcis pallidioribus, per
medium radium sulcato ("cattail" M&P in siccis),
convexo, centro profunde umbilicato, glabro, opa-
co, 3-5 mm in siccis. Lamellis in siccis fuscidulo-
griseis, angustis, arcuatis, decurrentibus, ("Army
Br" M&P in siccis). Stipite pileo concolori, sub-
pallidiore basin versus, glabro, aequali, 1 6-22 x 1
mm ad apicem usque ad 0.5 mm attenuato (in
siccis). Mycelio basali strigoso, strigis per radium
usque ad 8 mm amplum repentibus, albidis. Carne
tenui.

Sporis 4-5 x 2.5-3.5 nm, breviter ellipsoideis
vel ellipsoideis, levibus, hyalinis, inamyloideis.
Hymenio: Basidiis 17-27 x 4-5.5 /im, tetrasporis;
basidiolis haud fusiformibus. Cystidiis et cheilo-
cystidiis nullis. Hyphis plerumque filamentosis,
nonnullis cellulis longis inter septa et usque ad 1 1
tim latis, hyalinis, haud gelatinosis, densis et elas-
ticis, aegre dissociatis KOH ope, inamyloideis, fi-
bulatis. Epicute cutiformi, hyalina, levibus atque
raras sparsasque procurrentias et dermatocystidia
exigua, inconspicua, hyalina 10-14.5 x 4-5.5 ^m
emittentibus. Hypodermio fuscidulo vel brunneo-
lo, pigmento intracellulari tantum.

Ad lignum.

Typus— Venezuela, Sucre, 9 km N of road Rin-

con-Carupano-El Palar, 6 VII 1972, leg. Dumont,
Cain, Samuels & Morillo, Dumont VE 4018 (ny).

Gerronema yalae Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo bubalino-hyalino, in vegetis leniter cin-
namomeo-tincto, sicco laete cinnamomeo, per duas
tertias radii sulcato et ibi cinnamomeo-virgato in
siccis, sed haud innate fibrilloso, hygrophano, con-
vexo, centro depresso, ± 12 mm lato. Lamellis
concoloribus, in siccis sordide fuscidulis, angustis,
furcatis (et inverse), subdistantibus, subarcuatis,
decurrentibus. Stipite concolori, ad apicem sub-
tiliter pruinosulo, macroscopice ex toto glabro,
farcto, aequali vel apice leniter attenuato, ± 23 x
2 mm. Mycelio basali bene evoluto, albo. Carne
sordide alba in siccis, tenuissima in pileo ut min-
ime ad marginem, inodora.

Sporis 7.5-10 x 4-5 ixm, raro usque ad 12 x 6
ijLm, ellipsoideis vel oblongis, levibus, hyalinis, in-
amyloideis. Hymenio: Basidiis 27-32 x 5-7.5(-8.5)
/xm, tetrasporis; basidiolis haud fusiformibus. Cys-
tidiis nuUis. Cheilocystidiis bene evolutis nuUis,
sed ad marginem pilei nonnullis hyphis termina-
libus flexuosis et intertextis, ± 4 /xm latis visis.
Hyphis fibulatis, haud gelatinosis, inamyloideis.
Epicute pilei ab hypodermio vix differentiato, ex
strato tenuissimo intermittente hypharum repen-
tium effbrmata et dermatocystidia pauca minutis-
sima producentibus. His dermatocystidiis stipitis
simillimis, 4-8 x 2.5-5.5 fim. Hypodermio cuti-
formi, ex hyphis 4-10.5 nm latis, pigmentatis ef-
formato, profundo. Pigmento intracellulari, in
KOH dissoluto, cremeo-grisello, haud intrapar-
ietali neque incrustante. Tegumento stipitis ex
membris terminalium hypharum cystidiformibus
effbrmato, hyphis filiformibus intercalatis; der-
matocystidiis 8-31 x 3-5.5 nm, cylindraceis vel
ventricosis, constrictione subapicali subcapitatis
vel mucronatis, moderatim densis, tenuitunicatis.

Ad lichenes frustulaque corticis Polylepidis aus-
tralis Bitter supra saxa solitario in silvis subalpinis
praeandinis, supra 2000 m alt.

Typus— Argentina, Jujuy, Lagunas de Yala, 1 1
II 1965, SingerT 401 1 (f).

This species belongs in sect. Umbilicata (Sing.)
Sing.

Lactocollybia sect. Graminicolae Sing., sect. nov.

Tramate gelatinoso, hyphis defibulatis. Typus
sectionis: L. graminicola Sing.

18

FIELDIANA: BOTANY

This section in many ways reminds me of Ihe
genus Cyptotrama, but belongs in Lactocollybia
because of the not truly bilateral hymenophoral
trama and the distinctly eccentric stipe.

LactocoUybia graminicola Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo sicco ferrugineo-brunneo, glabro, prope
marginem sub lente pubescente, levi sed frequen-
ter rugoso discum versus, circulari, margine pri-
mum incurvo, 2-6.5 mm lato. Lamellis albis, dis-
tantibus, intermixtis, nonnullis furcatis, haud
intervenosis, satis angustis vel mediocriter latis,
acie integris, adnexis. Stipite pileo concolori, sub-
tiUter pubescente sub lente, aequali vel leniter ap-
icem versus attenuato, primum subcentrah vel ex-
centrico, dein excentrico vel sublateraH, 1.5-3 x
0.3-0.4 mm. Myceho basali bene evoluto, albo,
radiante.

Sporis 8.5-12.2 x 6-9.5 /im, ellipsoideis vel
ventricosis, levibus, tenuitunicatis, hyalinis, ina-
myloideis.Hymenio:Basidiis30-41(-52) x 9-10.5
/itm, tetrasporis, paucis bisporis; septo basali de-
fibulato. Cystidiis nullis; pseudocystidiis gloeo-
cystidialibus praesentibus, 26-36 x 6.5-1 1.5(-14)
/xm, sat numerosis, versiformibus, interdum mu-
cronatis vel appendiculatis, subhyalinis vel cereis
in KOH, azureo cresylico intus caerulescentibus,
contentu homogeneo vel frequentius vermiformi
vel granuloso. Cheilocystidiis 28-38 x 2-4 nm,
filamentosis vel ad apicem anguste claviculatibus
in medio aut ad basin anguste ventricosis, ad aciem
lamellarum prope marginem pilei numerosis, hy-
alinis. Massis resinaceis succineis praesertim prope
acies lamellarum in azureo cresylico caeruleis
praesentibus et ex eis lamellis ad aciem in siccis
saepe fulvescentibus. Hyphis pilei bistratosis, stra-
to supero gelatinoso, ex hyphis filamentosis (0.5-
1.5 tim latis), sine ordine laxeque dispositis, hy-
alinis, defibulatis efformato; strato infero partim
obsoleto, similibus ex hyphis effbrmato, vix ge-
latinoso. Tramate hymenophorali regulari sub-
typi Qitocybarum modo in hymenopodio leniter
divergente, ex hyphis vix parallelis tenuibus, ut
minime partim gelatinosis efformato; mediostrato
et strato laterali nullo modo differentiatis. Gloeo-
vasculis in ambobus stratis tramatis praesentibus,
± 3-4 /im latis, longissimis. His hyphisque ceteris
omnibus inamyloideis, defibulatis. Epicute pilei
palisadica et trichodermiali, ex hyphis hyalinis et
ochraceo-brunneolis efformata, his partim paul-
lum gelatinosis (sed minus gelatinosis quam tra-
ma), cellulis terminalibus cheilocystidiis simillim-
is; gloeo-vesculis in epicute praesentibus.

Tegumento stipitis e pilis hyphosis longis, hyalinis
efformato.

Ad Gramineas altas indeterminatas secundum
flumen gregatim in vegetatione tropicali.

Typus— Venezuela, D.F., near Rio Caracas, 22
VII 1972, leg. Dumont, Cain, Samuels, Manara,
Dumont VE 5632 (ny).

The only species of sect. Graminicolae Sing. has
the same noteworthy characteristics as the section.

Leucopaxillus sainii Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo aurantio-flavido-brunneo, glabro, sub lente
partim lenissime innate fibrilluloso, praesertim ad
marginem subvirgatum, sed levi, partim tantum
breviter plicato, viscido, primum involuto, infun-
dibuliformi in adulto, usque ad 1 80 mm lato; FeSO^
griseolo, HNO3 aurantiaco-flavo, KOH subflavi-
dulo, brunneo solutione aquosa phenolica (10%).
Lamellis subpallidis, confertissimis, angustis vel
angustissimis, ad aciem integris, intermixtis, non-
nullis furcatis, decurrentibus. Sporis in massa cre-
meo-albidis. Stipite olivaceo-flavo-brunneo, sic-
cando subatro, pruinosulo-fibrillose et venuloso,
solido, basin versus attenuato, usque ad 1 10 mm
longo, 29-35 mm lato. Carne alba, immutabili,
sapore et odore haud notabilibus.

Sporis 5.5-6 x 3.5-4 ^iva, ellipsoideis, levibus,
hyalinis, amyloideis. Hymenio: Basidiis 13.8-27
X 5-5.5 /itm, tetrasporis, sterigmatibus 3.7-4.5 iivcv
longis, moderatim curvatis. Cystidiis nullis. Cheil-
ocystidiis numerosis sed acie vix heteromorpha,
9-20 X 2.5-3.5 nm, versiformibus, saepe ampul-
laceis vel anguste ventricosis vel fusoideis (et tunc
frequenter apice mucronatis aut acutis, ceterum
obtusis) tenui- vel firme sed haud crasse tunicatis,
hyalinis. Hyphis fibulatis, multis fibulis numis-
matis majoris forma gaudentibus, parietibus ina-
myloideis, haud gelatinascentibus. Hyphis olei-
feris in tramate pilei praesentibus. Tramate
hymenophorali subhyalino, regulari, partim sub-
intertextis hyphis praesertim filamentosis com-
posito. Epicute pilei ixotrichodermiali, ex hyphis
filamentosis, in KOH subhyalinis, 1.5-3 nm latis
et apice obtusis efformata. Hypodermio cutiformi,
pallide ochreo-flavidulo, ex hyphis filamentosis ef-
formato; pigmento intracellulari, haud incrus-
tante, intraparietali vix ullo.

Ad humum Abieteti subalpini 2700 m alt., gre-
gatim.

Typus— India, Himachal Pradesh, Narkanda, 9
VIII 1979, A^. S. Atri PUN 328 (f).

SINGER: NEW TAXA OF AGARICALES

19

The viscid pileus and the characteristic cheilo-
cystidia are distincti ve. Leucopaxillus sainii is oth-
erwise very similar to L. giganteus (Fr.) Sing. The
Indian fungus was described in fresh condition by
the collector and his notes on the fungus as well
as the dried material were sent to me by Dr. Saini
for whom the species is named.

Melanoleuca cremeospora Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo griseo umbone griseobrunneo, zonis et
maculis pallidis variegato, opaco, glabro, convexo,
dein applanato, umbonato, 38-50 mm lato. La-
mellis albis, angustis (3.5-4 mm latis), confertis-
simis, sinuatis, partim decurrentibus in nonnullis
speciminibus. Sporis in massa haud desiccata
manifeste cremeis (Crawshay B), exsiccatione us-
que ad IIc Romagnesii. Stipite pallido vel pallide
sordideque griseolo, innate subfibrilloso, solido,
in duabus tertiis superioribus aequali, subtus basin
versus incrassato, usque ad 60 mm longo, 2.5 mm
lato, sed ad basin 4-5.5 mm lato. Carne pilei alba,
stipitis bubalino-pallida, subalbida, in siccis om-
nino pallide brunneola, in pileo tenui, inodora.

Sporis 7-8 x 4.5-5.5 nm, ellipsoideis, depres-
sione suprahilari destitutis, hyalinis, omamenta-
tione amylacea 0.2-0.5 nm alta, plerumque punc-
tata paucis verrucis isolatis praesentibus sed
plerumque typi IV, V, IV-II, supra hilum area levi
("plage") bene delimitata praevisis. Hymenio:
Basidiis 18.5-27 x 4.8-5.5 nm, tetrasporis. Cys-
tidiis ad latera lamellarum sparsis, ad acies sat
numerosis, 27-38 x 5.5-10 nm, subulatis vel rar-
ius ampullaceis, apice subacutis, raro obtusis, ap-
ice crystallis aculeiformibus reversis muricatis,
tenuitunicatis, hyalinis. Hyphis defibulatis; hyphis
oleiferis admodum sparsis vel nullis. Epicute pilei
ex hyphis filamentosis, 3(-5) ^im latis, horizon-
talibus sed haud distincte radialibus cutiformiter
dispositis efformata; pigmento brunneolo-fusco,
intracellulari, dissoluto. Ex hyphis epicutis pilei et
in superficie stipitis cellulis terminalibus ascen-
dentibus vel erectis hypharum cylindraceis et ± 8.5
^m latis, obtusis praesentibus sed dermatocysti-
diis veris nullis.

Ad terram in silva subtropicali-montana.

Typus— Argentina, Tucuman, Sierra de San Ja-
vier, Ciudad Universitaria, 9 III 1961, Singer T
3684 (F).

Melanoleuca mackleri Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo biso-fusco, centro ad umbonem plerum-
que obscuriore, levi, vel vix striatulo ad margi-
nem, hygrophano, glabro, convexo, dein applan-
ato vel subapplanato, demum saepe concavo,
centro umbonato vel subumbonato, rarius obtuso,
39-72 mm lato. Lamellis albido-sordidis, subgri-
seolis, dein pallide griseis, angustis vel sublatis
(±5 mm latis), confertis, sinuatis, rarius adnexis,
acie interdum subbisa. Sporis in massa candidis
(la). Stipite fusco-umbrino vel pileo concolori,
longitudinaliter innate fibrilloso, interdum costa-
to, ad apicem haud furfuraceo, solido, aequali, ple-
rumque 30-35 x 3-7 mm, sed interdum usque ad
60 X 8.5 mm. Carne sordide pallida vel albidula,
in stipite brunneola vel in zona peripherica su-
perficiei concolori vel subgrisea, ceterum immu-
tabili. Odore subnullo. Sapore miti sed interdum
inamoeno, neque amaro nec farinaceo.

Sporis(5.8-)6.5-9.2 x (4.5-)4.7-6Mm, plerum-
que 7.5-9 x 4.5-6 fim et ellipsoideis, hyalinis,
omamentatione verruculosa, verrucis ±0.5 yim
altis sed paucis leniter altioribus vel humilioribus,
nonnullis lineatim connexis aut catenulatis (typi
VI, IV- VIII, IV), supra hilum zona levi manifesta
("plage") delimitata, amylacea munitis. Hymenio:
Basidiis 21-33 x 7.3-10 ^ni, tetrasporis, clavatis
vel ventricosis. Cystidiis paucis et inconspicuis, e.
gr. 18 X 3^(-7.5) jiim, obtusis, subtus plemmque
1.6-2 /um latis, raro usque ad 3 nm latis, nonnullis
1-3-septatis, tenuitunicatis et interdum collaben-
tibus. Cheilocystidiis ad et prope aciem vix sub-
heteromorpham 13-27(-30) x 6-10 ^im, sat nu-
merosis, versiformibus, saepe ventricosis,
utriformibus, clavatis, interdum apicaliter vel la-
teraliter appendiculatis, hyalinis, nonnullis bmn-
neolis, tenuitunicatis vel pariete firma, haud crassa
instmctis. Hyphis defibulatis, inamyloideis, non-
nullis (in cortice stipitis praesertim) pigmento
bmnneo leniter incmstatis, in tramate hymeno-
phorali regulari hyalinis et parallelis vel subpar-
allelis, usque ad 19 nm latis, sed multis filifor-
mibus, haud gelatinosis. Epicute pilei cutiformi,
ex hyphis in zona extema pigmento leniter in-
cmstatis, usque ad 3 t^m, in zone inferiore 1.5-7
/xm latis efformata; dermatocystidiis nullis. Hy-
podermio ex hyphis nonnihil latioribus, haud in-
cmstatis sed pigmento vacuolari spadiceo vel um-
brino-fusco impletis, cutiformiter dispositis,
frequenter subintertextis vel intertextis efformato.
Stipitis tegumento dermatocystidiis sparsis effor-
mato, his e. gr. 23 x 6.5 nm, hyalinis vel subhy-

20

FIELDIANA: BOTANY

alinis, tenuitunicatis, forma sua cheilocystidiis
simillimis.

Ad terram in silvis sparsis Quercuum et mixtis
Sequoiae, plerumque gregatim.

Typus— USA, Califomia, Placerito Canyon State
Park, 14 II 1982, Singer N 5018 (f). Additional
coUection: Samuel Taylor Park, 6 II 1982, leg.
Mackler, Singer & Vergeer, Singer N 5006 (f).

Melanoleuca xavierii Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo castaneo-fuligineo, marginem versus gri-
seolo-brunneo vel fusco-griseo, ad marginem ex-
tremum minute pruinosulo subtomentosoque, sed
glabrescente, ceterum glabro, levi, convexo, dein
subapplanato, centro umbonato, ± 40 mm lato.
Lamellis candidis, confertissimis, angustis (3.5—4
mm), sinuatis. Massa sporarum candida sed exsic-
catione cremea (Ilb Romagnesii). Stipite sordide
fusco-brunneo, nonnihil appresse albido-fibrillo-
so, aequali sed ad basin subbulbose dilatato, ± 30
X 3-3.5 mm, ad basin ± 7 mm lato. Carne pilei
stipitisque brunnea, inodora.

Sporis 6.5-8.5 x 4.5-5 nm, rarius usque ad 9
X 5.5 /xm, ellipsoideis, hyalinis, gutta intema glo-
bosa vel elongata munitis vel destitutis, omamen-
tatione amylacea punctata vel verruculosa, 0.2-
0.5 fim alta plemmque typi IV, IV-II, supra hilum
zona levi reducta vel ampla ("plage") delimitata
gaudentibus. Hymenio: Basidiis (2-3-)4-sporis, 20-
30 X 6-8.5 nm. Cystidiis ad latera et acies la-
mellamm numerosis sed subsparsis, 35-73 x 6-
16 nm, fusoideis, paucis brevioribus et tunc in-
terdum ampullaceis, apice subacute crystallino-
muricatis, hyalinis, tenuitunicatis. Hyphis defi-
bulatis, inamyloideis; oleiferis hyphis paucis vel
subnullis. Pigmento in pileo stipiteque haud in-
cmstante nec manifeste intraparietali. Tramate
hymenophorali regulari, hyalino. Epicute pilei
subfasciculatis ex hyphis appressis, filamentosis,
parallelis vel subparallelis inter se sed fasciculis
horizontalibus haud omnibus radialiter dispositis,
cutiformi; dermatocystidiis ad marginem pilei
tantum praesentibus et eis stipitis simillimis. Stip-
itis tegumento e dermatocystidiis efformato, his
sparsis sed in nonnullis areis numerosis, 33-73 x
9-16 nm, parte ventricosa subtus collocata et apice
longe effilata, cetemm cystidiis hymenialibus sim-
illimis, in parte inferiore stipitis tantum multis ex

eis pigmento vacuolari dissoluto fusco repletis.
Hyphis 5-9 nm latis inter ea sparsis.
Ad terram in silva subtropicali-montana.

Typus— Argentina, Tucuman, Sierra de San Ja-
vier, Ciudad Universitaria, 1 100 m alt., 9 III 1 96 1 ,
Singer T 3682 (f).

Collybia amazonensis Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo colore Marasmii oreadis gaudente, vel ad
umbonem ochraceo-bmnneo vel flavo-ochraceo
(e. gr. 1 0 H 6 M&P), marginem versus generatim
pallidiore, glabro, haud viscido, haud virgato, ad
marginem vel usque ad duas tertias radii sulcato,
convexo, umbonato, 28-75 mm lato. Lamellis al-
bidis vel pileo subconcoloribus, mediocriter latis
vel latissimis, subconfertis vel distantibus, haud
vel vix intervenosis, adnexis, rarius sinuato-ad-
nexis vel adnatis, siccando e sporis pallidissime
cinnamomeis. Stipite albo, siccando bmnnescente
vel partim subbmnneolo, ± spiraliter vel longi-
tudinaliter fibrilloso-sulcato, glabro, cavo, subae-
quali vel frequentius basin versus attenuato, immo
subacutesubradicante, 47-104 x 3-8mm,adbas-
em ipsam 2-2.5 mm lato in plurimis. Mycelio
basali sparso, albido. Carne alba, immutabili, in-
odora, odore rarius fmctuum, haud farinoso. Sa-
pore amaro.

Sporis 5.5-8.7 x 3.5-5 tim, plemmque 6.5-7.5
X 4-4.5 nm, ellipsoideis, nonnullis ovoideis, lev-
ibus, pariete tenui vel firma (0.2-0.3 nm crassa in
maturis), omnibus vel magna e parte debiliter vel
fortiter pseudoamyloideis et in strato extemo cy-
anophilis, hyalinis vel pallidissime citrinis in KOH.
Hymenio: Basidiis 22.5-38 x 6-8 ^im, plemmque
± 25 X 6.5 nm, tetrasporis aut (e. gr. in typo) 2-
4-sporis (in tetrasporis sporis usque ad 7.5 tim
longis tantum visis); basidiolis subcylindraceis vel
anguste clavatis, haud fusoideis. Cystidiis nullis.
Cheilocystidiis raris vel sat numerosis, inconspi-
cuis et versiformibus aut ventricoso-subcapitatis
(20-29 X 3.5-5.5 nm). Hyphis inamyloideis, fi-
bulatis, haud gelatinosis, hyalinis, in tramate hy-
menophorali regulari 3-14 ^m latis, in stipite sub-
parallelis, in mediostrato laxius, versus
subhymenium densius dispositis et magis paral-
lelis. Epicute pilei cutiformi, sat densa, ad super-
ficiem pilei excrescentia et diverticula longa, sub-
cystidiformia, hyalina, 12-20 x 2-4.5 nm,
interdum furcata sed ad basin haud septata em-
ittente. Hypodermio et epicute vix differentiatis.

SINGER: NEW TAXA OF AGARICALES

21

hyphis subparallelis, filamentosis, trama pilei ver-
sus paullum crassioribus, eis umbonis pilei brun-
neolis, ceterum gilvis; pigmento haud intraparie-
tali nec incrustante ad marginem pilei, sed in centro
interdum etiam intraparietali nec umquam in-
crustante. Structura C. dryophilae haud evoluta.
Tegumento stipitis subnullo: Ex hyphis verticah-
bus superficieis nonnulHs tantum diverticuHs vel
piHs brevibus, obtusis, hyaHnis excrescentibus, his
sparsis, 10-22 x 2.3-5 nm.

In humo profundo silvarum typi campinarana,
rarius ad Hgnum putridum (et tunc carpophoris
basi haud subradicantibus), gregatim.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, road Manaus-Car-
acarai, km 45, 10 VIII 1978, Singer B 11376
(INPA). Additional collections: same locality, 3
VIII 1978, Singer B 11350 (inpa); same locality,
28 II 1978, SingerB 10737 (inpa).

This species belongs in sect. Striipedes, stirps Mac-
ulata.

Collybia embrapaensis Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo laete pallideve ochraceo-brunneo, ad mar-
ginem grisello-ochraceo-brunneo in vegetis, hy-
grophano vel subhygrophano ut minime ad mar-
ginem, exsiccatione gilvo, margine sulcato,
subtomentoso per totam superficiem, demum
subglabro, convexo, centro depresso, 12-13.5 mm
lato. Lamellis brunneolis, angustis, mediocriter
confertis vel subdistantibus fere, arcuatis, non in-
tervenosis, adnatis, rarius adnexis vel subcollar-
iato-secedentibus. Stipite sordide pallideque
ochreo vel pallide gilvo, interdum ad apicem pileo
concolori aut ad basin grisello-cinnamomeo, in
siccis brunneolo-cinnamomeo, fortiter vel minute
hispido-pubescente vel pubescente-tomentoso ex
integro, cavo, aequali vel basin versus angustato,
14-31 X 0.6-1.8 mm. Mycelio basaH fibrilloso,
albido siccando pallide sordideque cinnamomeo.
Carne superficiebus concolori vel palHdiore, ino-
dora.

Sporis (6-)6.5-9.5 x 4-4.5 ^im, ellipsoideis vel
oblongis vel fusoideis, levibus, hyalinis, inamy-
loideis, plerumque ellipsoideis et applanatione su-
prahilari instructis vel destitutis. Hymenio: Basi-
diis 25-31 x 8-9 iim, tetrasporis; basidiolis aut
fusoideis aut haud fusoideis. Cystidiis nullis vel
basidiomorphis (sed basidiis basidiolisque major-
bus), e. gr. 40-45 x 10-11 tim, raris vel sparsis.
Cheilocystidiis ad aciem heteromorpham nume-

rosissimis et interdum latera lamellarum paulla-
tim invadentibus, 30-50 x 4-8 tim, plerumque
lateraliter et apicaliter furcatis vel appendiculatis
vel diverticulatis, nodosis vel excrescentiis sub-
capitatis instructis, raro integris, subcylindraceis
vel ventricoso-subclavatis, sed admodum versi-
formibus, hyalinis, rarius pallide melleis, tenui-
vel subcrassitunicatis, interdum prope basin ra-
mosis. Hyphis haud gelatinosis, fibulatis, inamy-
loideis. Tramate hymenophorali regulari. Epicute
pilei structuram Ramealium exhibente, elementis
cystidiformibus (e. gr. 33-50 x 7-10 nm) differ-
entiatis, omnino hyalina vel pallide gilva. Hypod-
ermio cutiformi, ex hyphis filamentosis, melleis
vel stramineis efformato; pigmento intraparietali,
interdum incrustante, sed incrustatione straminea,
haud obscura. Tegumento stipitis ex elementis pil-
iformibus vel cystidioideis densis efformato, his
23-210 X 4-1 1 )um, versiformibus sed maxima e
parte simplicibus et integris, hyalinis, tenui- vel
firme tunicatis, haud crassitunicatis.

Ad folia mono- et dicotyledonea nec non ad
frustula lignea et terram in silvis terrae firmae pri-
mariis et secundariis, subgregatim.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, Reserva Ducke, 6 X
1978, Singer B 11403 (inpa). Additional coUec-
tions: 30 km N of Manaus, 23 IV 1977, leg. T. St.
John, SingerB 9800 (inpa); Manaus, Parque Zool-
ogico Militar, 1 I 1979, Singer B 11468 (inpa);
Bolivia, Beni, Guayaramerin, 8 III 1956, Singer
B 11468 (lil).

Collybia embrapaensis is not rare in Amazonia.
It belongs in sect. Subfumosae Sing. It is not im-
possible that Marasmius domesticus Murr. non
Collybia domestica (Murr.) Murr. is conspecific,
although in MurrilPs species which we have com-
pared the carpophores are much larger. Collybia
hemileuca (Berk. & Curt.) Sacc. is related but dif-
ferent.

CoUybia inconspicua Sing., spec. nov. ~ ,

Pileo avellaneo-albido, tomentoso, hygro-
phano, siccando in vegetis albido, levi, convexo,
siccando frequenter umbonatescente, 4-7 mm lato.
Lamellis concoloribus, mediocriter latis, subdis-
tantibus, haud intervenosis, adnatis. Stipite pal-
lide avellaneo-griseolo, ex toto fibrilloso et pu-
bescente-subvellereo, ad basin fortiter hirsuto,
aequali, 12-20 x 0.5-0.8 mm. Carne tenui, ino-
dora.

22

FIELDIANA: BOTANY

Sporis 5.5-6.7 x 3.8-4.5 nm, ellipsoideis, lev-
ibus, inamyloideis. Hymenio: Basidiis 24 x 6.5
fim, tetrasp>oris; basidiolis haud fusoideis. Cysti-
diis ad acies lateraque lamellarum numerosissim-
is, dimorphis, (1) plerumque 35-38 x 9-12 ^m,
late ventricosis vel basidiomorphis, tenuitunica-
tis, hyalinis, apice rotundatis, (2) similibus, rar-
ioribus, 28-33 x 7-8 fim, ampullaceis, Cheilo-
cystidiis in adultis frequenter versiformibus,
subdifferentiatis. Hyphis fibulatis, inamyloideis,
haud gelatinosis. Tramate hymenophorali regu-
lari, ex hyphis latis (8-12 nm) subparallelis, hy-
alinis, nonnullis brunneo-incrustatulis efformato.
Epicute pilei structura C. dryophilae gaudente et
ex hyphis latis (8-12 ^m), efformata. Hypodermio
et talibus et magis inflatis (usque ad 20 fim diam.)
hyphis consistente. Pigmento sparso pallide brun-
neolo vel subhyalino tenuiter incrustante.

Ad ramenta, ad ramulos et folia dicotyledonea
putrescentia nec non ad terram argillosam in silva
pluviali typi terrae firmae primaria gregatim.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, 30 km N of Manaus
("embrapa"), Singer B 10233 (inpa).

This belongs in sect. Levipedes (Fr.).

Collybia lodgeae Sing., spec. nov.

e strato profundiore natis. Cheilocystidiis etiam
dimorphis 30-44 x 5.2-12 /im numerosis, ten-
uitunicatis. Hyphis (cum cystidiis et cheilocysti-
diis) tenuitunicatis, interdum firme vel subcrasse
tunicatis, inamyloideis, haud gelatinosis, fibulatis.
Tramate hymenophorali regulari, ex hyphis fila-
mentosis tantum efformato. Hyphis stipitis hy-
alinis vel subhyalinis, haud pigmento incrustatis,
2, 5-6 nm latis, pariete 0.2-0.8 fim crassa instruc-
tis, parallelis. Epicute pilei tenui, subhyalina, cu-
tiformi, hyphis superficialibus tantum aegre
subgelatinosis. Hypodermio haud continuo sed
manifesto pigmento atrobrunneo incrustato, par-
iete propria subhyalina et diametro hypharum ma-
jore quam in epicute. Dermatocystidiis in pilei
superficie nullis sed hyphis supemis brevia ex-
crescentia sparsa, hyalina, versiformia, 4.5-8 fim
projicientia emittentibus. Tegumento stipitis e
spinis pilosis subcrasse tunicatis, acutis, conicis
10-14 X 1.2-4 /nm, laxe dispositis et dermatocys-
tidiis 1 1-27 x 2-5.5 nm, cylindraceis, clavatis,
utriformibus, hyalinis, obtusis, tenuiter vel firme
sed haud crasse tunicatis efformato.

Ad truncum delapsum in silva tropicali grega-
tim.

Typus— Costa Rica, Heredia, Sta. OTS "La Sel-
va" near Puerto Viejo de Sarapiqui, 23 XII 1979,
Lodge 294 (f).

Pileo cinnamomeo vel brunneo, hygrophano,
pallide cameo inter sulcos et in centro desicca-
tione, glabro vel subglabro, sub lente debiliter in-
nate radialiter fibrilluloso vel striatulo, margine
striato dein sulcato, convexo, dein centro depres-
so, 20-50 mm lato. Lamellis albis umbris cameo-
lis, angustis (1-4 mm latis), simplicibus, rarius
paucis furcatis, haud intervenosis, subdistantibus
vel distantibus, acie integris, adnato-subdecurren-
tibus. Sporarum maesa cremeo-alba. Stipite sur-
sum pallido et partim cinnamomeo, subtus cas-
taneo vel atro-purpureo-brunneo, subtiliter
pubescente, aequali vel minime attenuato apicem
versus, spirae instar saepe convoluto, 20-50 x 2-
5 mm. Mycelio basali sparso, albo. Carne in pileo
pallescente, in stipite lenta. Odore fragrante, bu-
tyraceo. Sapore miti.

Sporis 6.5-8 x 3-3.5 fim, fusoideo-oblongis,
hyalinis, levibus, inamyloideis. Hymenio: Basidiis
21-28 X 5 )um, tetrasporis; basidiolis filamentosis
vel anguste clavatis vel fusoideis. Cystidiis di-
morphis ( 1 ) 26-44 x 5.2-7.5 nm, fusoideis, acutis,
cystidioliformibus, (2) 26-56 x 4.5-7 /um, versi-
formibus, sed semper obtusis, saepe utriformibus.

This species is somewhat difficult to place. The
cystidia would indicate an affinity with Cystidios-
ae, Sing. but the surface of the stipe and the stmc-
ture of the epicutis are more like those found in
sect. Subfumosae Sing.

Collybia nobilior Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo centro castaneo, margine cinnamomeo, vix
hygrophano, haud innate fibrilloso, glabro, haud
viscido, per quartam partem radii sulcato, con-
vexo, dein circa discum subumbonatum leniter
depresso, ± 45 mm lato. Lamellis pallidis basi
subcinnamomea, satis angustis, confertis, haud in-
tervenosis, rotundato-liberis. Stipite pallido, ad
apicem fulvo-pallido, siccando pallide brunneolo
ex toto, levi, glabro, sed minute et tenuiter sericeo
(hyphis appressis), in adultis cavo, aequali sed basi
angustato nec radicato, ± 76 x 5 mm. Mycelio
basali albo. Carne pallida, inodora.

Sporis 7-9.5 x 3-5 /xm, ellipsoideis vel rarius
oblongis, plemmque depressione suprahilari gau-
dentibus, hyalinis, levibus, inamyloideis. Hymen-

SINGER: NEW TAXA OF AGARICALES

23

io: Basidiis 14-26 x 6.5-7.8 nm, tetrasporis; bas-
idiolis plerumque haud fusoideis. Cystidiis et
cheilocystidiis nullis visis. Hyphis fibulatis, ple-
rumque filamentosis, paucis paullum inflatis, in-
amyloideis. Tramate hymenophoraH regulari, hy-
alino. Epicute piiei cutiformi, haud gelatinosa, ex
hyphis prostratis, subhyalinis, filamentosis, levi-
bus efformata. Hypodermio cutiformi, brunneo,
pigmento haud vel vix intraparietali, non incrus-
tante, intracellulari. Tegumento stipitis hyphah
tantum, dermatocystidiis nulhs.

Ad humum in silva pluviah tropicaU terrae fir-
mae sohtario.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, Reserva Ducke, 31
V 1979, SingerB 11077 (inpa).

parallelis, pigmento laete brunneolo-melleo, in-
traparietali. Epicute pilei tenuiter cutiformi, ex hy-
phis radiatim dispositis in fasciculis sed inter fas-
cicula etiam structuram C. dryophilae formantibus
et latioribus (4-1 1 ^m latis, multidirectis, plus
minusve furcatis). In epicute et hypodermio pig-
mento incrustante praesente vel fere absente. Teg-
umento stipitis in strato inferiore fortiter intertex-
to, in strato extemo piloso, pilis densis, erectis,
hyalinis vel subhyalinis, haud incrustatis, inter-
dum mucronatis vel subcapitatis, cylindraceis vel
subcylindraceis, obtusis vel subacutis, 55-100 x
2.3-5.5 nm.

Ad humum foliaque mono- vel dicotyledonea
nec non ad ligna putrida in silva inundabili typi
varzea gregatim et communiter obvia species.

This species is quite different from other species
ofCollybia and might well justify a special section
characterized by the stipe surface similar to that
of sect. Levipedes and the epicutis like that of Ves-
tipedes.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, Lago Janauari, 18
III 1983, Singer B 12444 (f). Additional collec-
tions: same locality, Singer B 14453 (f); Parana
do Janauaca near Lago do Castanho, 23 V 1980,
Singer B 12186 (f).

Collybia phylladophiloides Sing., spec. nov.

Collybia rionegrensis Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo cameo-griseo ("fawn," "marron glace"
M&P), rarius castaneo, centro frequenter albicante
vel bubalino, minute vel minutissime dense innate
radialiter fibrilluloso, haud viscido, sed centro
saepe homogeneo, ad marginem interdum sub lente
minute scabriusculo, convexo, dein convexo-ap-
planato vel plano, umbilicato, haud papillato, 7-
28 mm lato. Lamellis albis, confertis vel confer-
tissimis, angustis, venis paucis, distantibus vel an-
astomosibus interdum inconspicue connexis sed
plerqumque haud intervenosis, liberis vel subli-
beris. Stipite pileo concolori, sed ex integro ad-
modum subtiliter albo-pubescente, subvilloso, ae-
quali, saepe in humo inserto sed haud radicante,
43-50 X 1 .3-1.5 mm. Mycelio basali saepe sparso,
sordido vel albo. Carne tenui, inodora.

Sporis 5.5-7.5 x ± 3 /nm, oblongis, levibus, hy-
alinis, inamyloideis. Hymenio: Basidiis 5-5.5 ^im
latis; basidiolis fusoideis. Cheilocystidiis ad acies
et prope aciem lamellamm heteromorpham sat
numerosis sed versiformibus, ventricosis, clavatis,
utriformibus, ampullaceis, 19-37 x 2-12^111, in-
terdum filamentosis, filamentoso-furcatis vel ap-
pendiculatis, hyalinis, tenuiparitalibus vel firme
tunicatis sed haud crasse tunicatis. Hyphis fibu-
latis, sed interdum septis numerosis simplicibus
secundariis praesentibus, inamyloideis, in stipite

Pileo bmnneo, margine pallidiore, per medium
radium pellucide striato, glabro, convexo, obtuso,
haud umbilicato, 6-7 mm lato. Lamellis pallide
bmnneolis vel cremeis, subconfertis vel subdis-
tantibus, sat angustis, acie sub lente minute fim-
briatula pallida marginatis, apicem dilatatam stip-
itis attingentibus. Stipite pallido-albidulo ad
apicem, subtus cinnamomeo, dense albo-hirsuto
vel conspicue pubescente, subaequali vel basin
versus attenuato, 15-16 x 0.7-1 mm. Mycelio
basali pallide fulvido, hirsuto. Carne tenui, ino-
dora.

Sporis 7-8.5 x 4-4.5 jxm, ellipsoideis, hyalinis
levibus (paucis visis). Hymenio: Basidiis sat firme
tunicatis et guttulis oleagineis repletis; basidiolis
haud fusoideis. Cheilocystidiis dermatocystidiis
stipitis simillimis. Hyphis fibulatis, tenui- vel firme
tunicatis in pileo, subcrasse tunicatis et parallelis
in stipite, haud gelatinosis, subhyalinis, fibulatis.
Epicute pilei cutiformi, stmcturam Ramealium
haud formante, pigmento ochraceo intraparietali
haud incmstante, ex hyphis filamentosis effor-
mata. Dermatocystidiis nullis. Tegumenti stipitis
hyphis piliformibus, singularibus vel fasciculariter
condensatis, (40-)80-106 x 3_7(-10) tim, tenui-
vel crassitunicatis (pariete plemmque 0.5-1 nm
crassa), simplicibus, rotundato-obtusis ad apicem.

24

FIELDIANA: BOTANY

cylindraceis vel nonnihil irregularibus et nonnullis
subflexuosis, nonnuUis leniter inflatis in parte,
praesertim ad basin.

Ad iruncos Dicotyledonum in silva tropicali in-
undabili (igapo), dense gregatim.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, Ponta Negra near
Manaus, 15 I 1978, Singer B 10528 (inpa).

This species apparently belongs in sect. Ves-
tipedes.

Collybia solitaria Sing., spec. nov.

Piieo brunneo (inter "bumt umber" et "kis kil-
im" M«&P), sed centro et margine pallidis, haud
manifeste hygrophano neque innate fibrilloso, per
tertiam partem radii pellucide striato, glabro, con-
vexo, dein applanato, subumbonato, margine de-
mum recurvato, 15-16 mm lato. Lameliis albis,
confertis, satis angustis, liberis. Stipite albo, gla-
bro, haud viscido, subaequali, 49-50 x 1 .3-2 mm.
Mycelio basali sparso, fibrilloso-tomentoso, albo.
Carne alba, immutabili, inodora.

Sporis 6-6.8 x 2.5-3 ^m, oblongis, levibus, hy-
alinis, inamyloideis. Hymenio: Basidiis 15-16 x
6-6.5 nm, clavatis. Cystidiis numerosis, 38-56 x
8.5-14.7 nm, ampullaceis, utriformibus, ventri-
cosis, interdum anguste mucronatis, semper ob-
tusis, tenuitunicalis, in pedicello admodum ten-
uiter tunicatis, inamyloideis. Cheilocystidiis
numerosis et densis in partibus acieis lamellarum,
absentibus in aliis, pro medio angustioribus quam
pleurocystidia, 47-65 x 5.7-11.2 ^im, anguste
ventricosis vel utriformibus vel late utriformibus
vel anguste ampullaceis, hyalinis. Hyphis pilei in
tramate et in tramate hymenophorali regulari hy-
alinis, inamyloideis, tenuitunicatis, haud gelati-
nosis, eis stipitis parallelis vel subparallelis, hy-
alinis vel subhyalinis, incrustatione pigmenti
absente aut haud manifesta, 1.3-15 ixm lalis (in
pileo 1.8-17 /um). Epicute tenuissima et interdum
disjuncta supra hypodermium pilei, plerumque in-
conspicua, ex hyphis tenuiter filamentosis, hyalin-
is effbrmata. Hypodermio (ut epicutis) cutiformi,
hic inde denudato, ex hyphis radialiter dispositis,
sed intertextis et nonnumquam furcatis, haud par-
allelis inter se, 1.3-7.8 nm latis, incrustationibus
conspicuis pigmenti sepiaceo-fuliginei obsitis, typ-
icam C. dryphilae structuram non formantibus.

haud gelatinosis eflbrmato. In zona media stipitis
tegumento cystidioso et piloso haud evoluto.
Ad terram in silva typi terrae firmae solitario.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, 30 km N of Manaus
("EMBRAPA"), 29 VI 1977, Singer B 10028.

This species is similar to C. nobilior Sing. (see
above), but it may have more affinity with C. lod-
geae Sing.

Neoclitocybe ciliata Sing., sjjec. nov.

Pileo dilute cinnamomeo ("bran" M&P vel sub-
pallidiore) vel avellaneo (13 19 M«&.P), subhygro-
phano, dehydratione cinnamomeo-pallido vel
brunneolo-pallido, glabro sed in fundo umbilici
albo-tomentoso et ad marginem extremum fim-
briato-ciliato, sub lente minutissime radiatim in-
nate radialiter fibrilluloso vel virgato, haud vis-
cido, interdum zonis pallidioribus subzonato, ad
marginem breviter pallucide striato vel interdum
sulculato, con vexo, fortiter umbilicato, 1 4-22 mm
lato. Lamellis pileo concoloribus, confertis vel
confertissimis, satis angustis, interdum debiliter
intervenosis, arcuatis, decurrentibus. Stipite pileo
concolori, minute sed manifeste hirsuto-piloso ex
toto, aequali, solido, 11-18 x 0.7-1.5 mm. My-
celio basali ad basin disciformiter dilatato tomen-
toso, sed extra tomentum nuUo et tomento non
constanter evoluto ita ut stipes insititius vel sub-
insititius appareat. Carne pallida. Odore nullo. Sa-
pore miti, haud farinaceo.

Sporis 6.5-9 x 2.5-3.7 ixm, oblongis vel oblon-
go-cylindraceis, depressione suprahilari instructis,
levibus, hyalinis. Hymenio: Basidiis 20-25 x 4.7-
6 ^m, tetrasporis; basidiolis subfusoideis, obtu-
satis. Cystidiis 1 5-20 x 4-6 ^m, ampullaceis vel
fusoideo-ventricosis, contentu granulato prae-
sente vel absente, phloxinae ope nonnihil intensius
rosascentibus quam basidia, ultra basidia haud
emergentibus, pariete tenui aut, praecipue ad ap-
icem, firma vel subcrassiuscula instructis, integris,
hyalinis. Cheilocystidiis solitariis vel aggregatis,
± 45-70 X 3.2-5.5 ^m, filamentosis vel anguste
utriformibus vel ampullaceis, nonnullis subcapi-
tatis, tenuitunicatis, strictis vel flexuosis, hyalinis.
Hyphis in tramate hymenophorali manifeste re-
gulari partim subparallelis, partim subintertextis,
haud gelatinosis, hyalinis, fibulatis, usque ad 5 ^im
latis, tenuitunicatis vel nonnullis firme vel sub-
crassiuscule tunicatis (his oleiferis?), inamyloid-

SINGER: NEW TAXA OF AGARICALES

25

eis. Epicute pilei cutiformi, ex hyphis levibus (div-
erticuhs brevibus, hyphosis, raris, sparsis erectis
13-14 X 3-3.5 Mm), 1-4 fim crassis, haud gelati-
nosis efFormata. Ciliis marginis pilei fasciculariter
congregatis ex hyphis efformatis, 400-500 ^im lon-
gis, hyphis cheilocystidiis similibus. Tegumento
stipitis ex dermatocystidiis piliformibus efforma-
to, his cheilocystidiis similibus, sed nonnuUis ex
eis latioribus, pariete usque ad 1 nm crassa vel
tenui instructis, hyalinis, ad apicem obtusis, nu-
merosissimis.

Ad lignum dicotyledoneum in silva tropicali typi
terrae firmae gregatim.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, near road Manaus-
Itacoatiara, km 65, 8 X 1977, i.e., during a rela-
tively dry season, Singer B 10183 (inpa).

This species reminds one of the Clitocybes with
ciliate margin, but it is obviously closer to Neo-
ditocybe sanctaerosae (below).

tem loco humido in silva tropicali ei typi varzea
vicina.

Typus— Bolivia, Pando, Manuripi, Sta. Rosa,
22 III 1956, Singer B 2150 (holotypus, lil; iso-

typUS, BAFC).

Marasmiellus amazoniensis Sing., spec. nov.

A Marasmiello eugeniae Sing. differt sporis mi-
noribus, cheilocystidiis admodum irregularibus.

Ad folia et radicellas Dicotyledonum delapsa in
silva pluviali.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, 30 km N of Manaus,
in terra firme vegetation, 1 8 V 1 977, SingerB 9643
(inpa). Additional collection: near road Manaus-
Caracarai, km 45, in campinarana vegetation, 28
II 1978, Singer B 10720 (inpa).

Neoclitocybe sanctaerosae Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo brunneo, leniter subolivaceo, in siccis fus-
co ("Madrid"), glabro sed prope et in umbilico
tomentosulo, levi, convexo, fortiter umbilicato, 4-
6 mm lato. Lamellis sordide pallidis, siccis pileo
subconcoloribus, subconfertis vel confertis, an-
gustis vel moderatim latis, ad aciem lateribus con-
colorem integris, decurrentibus. Stipite olivaceo-
brunneo, pubescente, subtus tomentoso-
subfurfuraceo, tenui, aequali, insititio, 7-9 x 0.2-
0.4 mm. Carne tenui, subinodora.

Sporis 6.7-8 x 3.2-4 ixm, ellipsoideis vel ob-
longo-subfusoideis, rarius ovoideis, levibus, ina-
myloideis. Hymenio: Basidiis 21.5-22.5 x 7-7.5
/xm, tetrasporis. Cheilocystidiis 25-35 x 2.5-5 ^im,
simplicibus, integris, filamentosis vel in parte me-
diana subventricosis vel constrictis, hyalinis. Hy-
phis in tramate pilei anguste filamentosis, fibulatis,
inamyloideis. Tramate hymenophorali subhyali-
no, haud gelatinoso, regulari, ex hyphis filamen-
tosis plus minusve intertextis efformato. Epicute
pilei cutiformi, ex hyphis filamentosis, levibus sed
hinc inde excrescentia erecta filamentosa brevia,
interdum anguste claviculata, frequenter secun-
dario-appendiculata ad latera sua, hyalina, 10-12
X 1.5-3 nm emittentibus efformata; hyphis pros-
tratis ± 2 nm latis. Hypodermio paullum differ-
entiato, incrustationibus pigmenti nullis. Tegu-
mento stipitis e dermatocystidiis efformato.

Ad ramum arboris dicotyledoneae putrescen-

Marasmiellus baeosporoides Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo brunneo (14 H II), pallidiore ad margi-
nem, convexo et umbilicato demum subapplanato
et centro leniter depresso, 4.5-8.5 mm lato. La-
mellis albis, haud intervenosis, mediocriter latis
vel latis, subdistantibus, late adnatis. Stipite al-
bido ad apicem, brunneo ad basin, magis brunneo
in vetustis, fibrilloso, plus minusve aequali, insi-
titio, 12 X 0.4-0.7 mm. Carne tenui, inodora.

Sporis 4-5.5 x 1.5-2.7 |im, oblongo-subfuso-
ideis, tenuissime tunicatis, hyalinis. Hymenio:
Basidiis 14.5-16 x 3.8-5 nm, tetrasporis; basi-
diolis fusoideis. Cystidiis ad latera lamellarum
paucis, clavatis vel irregularibus, e. gr. 23.5 x 8 1
^m. Cheilocystidiis ad aciem lamellarum hetero-
morpham versiformibus, 22-44 x 3.3-8.7 /nm,
frequenter subfusoideis et tunc apicaliter mucron-
atis vel lateraliter appendiculatis aut ± utrifor-
mibus et apicaliter sterigmatiformiter appendi-
culatis vel ad basin ramosis et obtuse diverticulatis,
hyalinis, raro melleis. Hyphis fibulatis sed fibulas
falsas et septa secundaria etiam exhibentibus, in
tramate hymenophorali hyalinis, regulariter dis-
positis, sed satis intertextis, 5-9 ^m latis, haud
gelatinosis. Epicute pilei structurae Ramealium
intermittentis inter hyphas integras 3-6 nm latas
et cutem formantes. Tegumento stipitis ex pilis
cystidiformibus numerosis efformato, his erectis,
cheilocystidiis simillimis sed pariete firma, hyali-
na vel mellea instructis et 6-54 /xm longis.

26

HELDIANA: BOTANY

Ad ramum emortuum dicotyledoneum in silva
tropicali inundabili (igapo) aquae nigrae.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, Igarape do Taru-
mazinho, 1 2 III 1 980 lectus, Singer B 12025 (inpa).

This new species is related to M. baeosporus
Sing.

Marasmiellus bauhiniae Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo cinnamomeo in centro et in sulcis ("Pek-
inese" M&P), saepe pallidiore intra sulcos, hygro-
phano vel subhygrophano et dehydratione usque
ad gilvum palHdum pallescente, interdum magis
pallescente in centro, interdum ad marginem, in-
terdum vix pallescente, glabro, in margine usque
ad tres quartas radii sulcato, convexo, centro mox
applanato, interdum subumbonato vel subumbil-
icato sed tunc in parte centrali demum leniter de-
presso, 10-25 mm lato. Lamellis pileo concolo-
ribus vel paullum pallidioribus, subconfertis vel
distantibus, satis angustis vel mediocriter latis (us-
que ad 3 mm), haud, raro minime intervenosis,
rotundato-adnexis vel adnatis, rarius (in siccis)
subdecurrentibus. Stipite paUido vel paUide cas-
taneo in parte superiore, subtus castaneo, brunneo
vel subsepiaceo, subtihter pubescente vel laxe vel-
lereo, pilis palHdis vel ad basin stipitis brunneis
omato, subaequaH sed apicem versus frequenter
subattenuato et apice extremo saepe dilatato, rar-
ius basin versus subangustato, tubulari 20-31 x
0.7-1 .7(-2) mm, insititio, rarius subinsititio. Came
pallida, inodora.

Sporis (5.3-)7.2-8.7 x (3_)4-5(-5.3) mhi, ellip-
soideis, nonnullis ovoideis, levibus, minus con-
vexis ad latus interius quam exterius, hyalinis, in-
amyloideis. Hymenio: Basidiis 20-29 x 5-8 ^m,
tetrasporis, fibula basali praeditis, rarius destitutis;
basidiolis fusoideis. Cystidiis nullis. Cheilocysti-
diis ad et prope aciem lamellarum numerosis, an-
guste vel late ventricosis et appendiculis digitifor-
mibus ad latera vel ad apicem omatis, 19-55 x
5-15 ^im, appendicibus usque ad 21 pim longis ct
1.8-2.7 ^m diam., hyalinis; plemmque in quan-
titate variabili paucis vel sat numerosis cheilocys-
tidiis integris appendiculo nullo vel uno apicali
tantum praeditis vel cylindraceis et appendiculis
lateralibus brevibus aut apice furcato vel simplici
praeditis intermixtis. Hyphis stratum gelatinosum
in tramate haud formantibus, sed hyphis indivi-
dualibus interdum subgelatinisatis, tenui- vel firme
tunicatis, fibulatis, sed multis septis secundariis

defibulatis praesentibus, inamyloideis. Tramate
hymenophorali regulari ex hyphis hyalinis, fila-
mentosis sed ad ramificationibus saepe incrassatis,
intertextis efformato. Hyphis stipitis subparallelis
inter se, pallide ochraceis, haud incmstatis. Hy-
phis oleiferis sparsis vel numerosis, saepe melleis
(NH4OH). Epicute pilei ex elementis irregularibus,
stmcturam Ramealium haud vel sparse (inter-
mittenter) formantibus et dermatocystidia et ex-
crescentia hyphalia vel arboriformia sparsa em-
ittentibus, haud gelatinosis, 2-18 nm latis, pariete
usque ad 0.7 nm crassa instmctis, e pigmento in-
traparietali stramineis vel pallide cinnamomeo-
ochreis, non incmstatis. Hypodermio ab epicute
paullum differentiato, subcutiformi, haud incms-
tato. Tegumento stipitis e dermatocystidiis pili-
formibus numerosis efformato, his 29-150 x 5-
10 nm, pila Crinipellis in mentem revocantibus,
sed interdum appendicuHs brevibus sparsis later-
alibus instmctis et pariete 0.7-1 .2(-l .5) /im crassa,
ad apicem tenuiore praeditis, strictis vel flexuosis,
interdum inter se intertextis, apice rotundatis, hy-
alinis vel subhyalinis, basin stipitis versus brun-
neotunicatis et interdum secundario-septatis, lon-
gissimis.

Ad ramos et tmncos nec non ad fmctus delapsos
putamine ligneo praeditos (e. gr. Chrysobalana-
ceamm), frequenter ad Bauhiniae ligna in silvis
tropicalibus.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, Manaus, in second-
ary forest on Bauhinia gregarious, 24 IV 1977,
Singer B 9801 (inpa). Additional collection: near
road Manaus-Caracarai, km 45, on fmits of Chry-
sobalanaceae, 1 1 VII 1977, SingerB 10070 {mPA).
A collection by D. Jean Lodge 297 (f) from Costa
Rica, Heredia, Puerto Viejo, OTA, 29 XII 1979,
is perhaps conspecific.

This species belongs in subsect. Quercini Sing.

Marasmiellus cocosensis Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo alutaceo, centro pallide bmnneo, subto-
mentoso, sulcato, convexo, centro applanato, 5-6
mm lato. Lameilis pallidis, interdum acie sub-
bmnnescente, latis, subdistantibus, haud inter-
venosis, subdistantibus (lamellis percurrentibus
16-17), adnatis. Stipite bmnneolo, macroscopice
subglabro, sed partim tomentosulo-subflocculoso
sub lente, cavo, insititio, subaequali, 4-7.5 x 0.4
mm. Carne tenui.

Sporis 6-8.5 x 2.5-3.5 nm, oblongis, ellipso-

SINGER: NEW TAXA OF AGARICALES

27

ideo-subfusoideis vel oblongo-subcylindraceis,
levibus, hyalinis, inamyloideis. Hymenio: Cysti-
diis ad aciem et latera lamellarum praesentibus,
ad aciem magis numerosis, ad latera subsparsis
vel numerosis, 13-23 x 7-12.5 nm, ventricosis
vel subvesiculosis vel vesiculosis, rotundato-ob-
tusis ad apicem, interdum uno dactylomorpho ap-
pendiculo apicali vel mucrone praeditis (prope
marginem pilei etiam multi-appendiculatis), hy-
alinis, rarius brunneolo-hyalinis, tenuitunicatis vel
pariete firma (numquam crassa) instructis. Hyphis
fibulis moderatim frequentibus praevisis sed non-
nullis septis primariis et secundariis defibulatis,
inamyloideis, haud gelatinosis, in stipite parallelis,
plerumque filamentosis pigmento brunneolo vel
pallide ochreo-cinnamomeo intraparietali, haud
incrustante coloratis. Epicute pilei structurae Ra-
mealium manifesta sed interdum partim fugaci
gaudente, haud cutiformi, sed hypodermio sub-
cutiformi ex hyphis latioribus intertextis, inter-
dum furcatis, pigmento aut haud incrustante, in-
traparietali aut in paucis cellulis subtiliter ochreo-
incrustato, numquam manifeste atro-incrustato.
Dermatocystidiis ad marginem pilei sparsis vel
raris, cheilocystidiis similibus, sed usque ad 1 1 ixm
latis, ceterum nuUis. Tegumento stipitis ex hyphis
ascendentibus tenuibus et dermatocystidiis sub-
triformibus admodum versiformibus efformato,
his 8-35 X 2.2-5.8 nm, saepe ampullaceis vel an-
guste ventricosis, subclavatis, interdum constrictis
vel ad apicem semel vel bis furcatis, hyalinis vel
brunneolo-hyalinis, raro duobus appendiculis ap-
icalibus dactylomorphis coronatis et tunc usque
ad 10 nm latis, tenuitunicatis vel firme tunicatis
sed haud crassitunicatis.
Ad ligna emortua in silva tropicali.

Typus— Costa Rica, Cocos Island, between
Chatham and Wafer Bay, 100-232 m alt., Decem-
ber 1 98 1 , Gomez 17974 (f). Additional coUection:
same locality and date, Gomez 17982 (f).

This species is related to M. cystidiosus Sing.

Marasmiellus californicus Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo brunneo, hygrophano, sicco pallidiore,
margine pallide brunneolo sed haud albido, glabro,
convexo, demum applanato, subacute papillato,
5-9 mm lato. Lamellis pallide brunneolo-aluta-
ceis, mediocriter confertis (lamellis percurrentibus
1 2, lamellulis paucis), horizontalibus, mediocriter
latis, haud intervenosis, anguste adnexis vel in-

terdum subliberis. Stipite brunneo, apice pallid-
iore, ochraceo-brunneo, subtus brunneo-tomen-
toso, apicem versus subpallide admodum subtiliter
pubescente, subaequali, subinsititio, farcto, ± 25
X 0.7 mm. Carne alba, demum brunneola, ino-
dora.

Sporis 6.5-8.5 x 3-3.7 ^im, oblongis, levibus,
hyalinis. Hymenio: Basidiis 17.5 x 6.5 ^im, te-
trasporis, basidiolis fusoideis. Cystidiis nullis.
Cheilocystidiissparsis,nonnulIis 15-16 x 5-6 /xm
et ampuUaceis, apice interdum subcapitatis, hy-
alinis; aliis 20-32 x 3.5-4.2 fim, hyphiformibus
vel cylindraceis, interdum constrictis vel subcap-
itatis vel bilobatis, brunneolis. Hyphis haud ge-
latinosis, fibulatis, in stipite parallelis, brunneis,
pigmento incrustatis, inamyloideis. Epicute pilei
cutiformi, interdum nonnuUis hyphis ascenden-
tibus, sed omnibus levibus, firme vel crasse (usque
ad I nm) tunicatis; hypodermio simili; pigmento
incrustante brunneo. Tegumento stipitis derma-
tocystidiis piliformibus formato, his 19-37 x 4.5-
6.8 jum, frequenter ad basin usque ad 10 fim in-
crassatis, pariete firma vel crassa (1 fim), melleis
vel brunneis, filamentosis vel cylindraceis vel sub-
ulatis vel subclavatis, apice obtusis, interdum una
vel duabus constrictionibus instructis, rarius cheil-
ocystidiis ampuUaceis similibus; pigmento intra-
parietali et incrustante.

Ad folia dejecta Arbuti menziesii Pursh. et Se-
quoiae et Lithocarpi in silvis.

Typus— USA, Califomia, San Mateo Co., near
road 35, "Alex's Place," 16 VII 1975, Singer N
7531 (f).

The type belongs in subsect. Quercini Sing. and
is related to M. alneus Sing.

Marasmiellus epitrichialis Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo sordide cinnamomeo-brunneo, unifor-
miter fere colorato, macroscopice glabro, subsul-
cato vel levi, convexo, obtuso, haud umbilicato,
4-6.5 mm lato. Lamellis albis vel albidis, angustis,
haud vel vix intervenosis, subconfertis vel sub-
distantibus, raro distantibus, stipitem versus an-
gustatis, adnatis vel liberis. Stipite cinnamomeo-
subpallido, albo-flocculoso vel albido-flocculoso
et simul minute pubescente, aequali, cavo, insi-
titio vel subinsititio (unilateraliter hyalino-hypho-
so sub lente vel nuUo modo mycelioso), in adultis
e basi gradatim pileo concolori, 13-14 x 0.2-0.4
mm. Came tenui, inodora.

28

HELDIANA: BOTANY

Sporis 5.7-6.5 x 2.7-3 nm, ellipsoideis vel ob-
longis, levibus, hyalinis. Hymenio: Basidiis 16.5-
17 X 5.7-7^111, tetrasporis. Cystidiisnullis.Cheil-
ocystidiis 38-43 x 3-6.5 /im, filamentosisvellan-
ceolatis vel anguste clavatis, apice rotundatis et
integris aut furcatis aut usque ad quinque-appen-
diculatis vel diverticulatis, hyalinis, tenuitunica-
tis, ex eis acie lamellarum heteromorpha vel pro-
pemodum heteromorpha. Hyphis haud gelatinosis,
fibulatis, tenuiter vel firme tunicatis. Epicute piiei
subcutiformi, ex hyphis prostratis vel recurvatis,
dermatocystidia emittentibus efformata, his er-
ectis, 33-80 x 2-3.8 nm, filiformibus vel ad basin
leniter incrassatis, hyalinis, obtusis, pariete 0.1-
0.4 fim crassa instructis. Hypodermio ex hyphis
subirregularibus, fortiter sepiaceo-incrustatis, 2-
10 Mm crassis efformato. Stipitis tegumento in floc-
culis e dermatocystidiis effbrmato, his e. gr. 36 x
4 jum et cheilocystidiis simillimis; pubescentia e
pilis versiformibus, 1 9-49 x 6-8 nm, sparsis vel
subsparsis, cylindraceis vel subulatis, interdum
mucronatis, ceterum obtusis, pariete 0.2-0.4 nm
crassa, raro ad apicem usque ad 2.2 /xm incrassata,
semper levibus et integris effbrmata.

Ad folia delapsa, coriacea gregatim in silva ar-
enosa typi campina vel campinarana.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, near road Manaus-
Caracarai, km 45, 28 II 1978, Singer B 10731,
1073 la (INPA).

This species is related to M. hirtellus (Berk. &
Br.) Pegler and M. napoensis Sing.

Cystidiis nulhs. Cheilocystidiis, 25-37 x 10-24
nm, multis vel omnibus fere pro ratione latis, ven-
tricosis vel subvesiculosis et saepe longe pedicel-
latis, ad apicem vel in parte majore supema mul-
tiappendiculatis, appendiculis (I-) 1.5-8 x 0.8-1.7
nm, pariete tenui, hyalina praeditis, reliquis magis
irregularibus et ramosis, structurae Ramealium in-
star et secundarie diverticulatis, 10-30 x 6-9.5
^m, interdum perpaucis. Hypliis filamentosis, aliis
usque ad 22 iim latis sed inter septa moderatim
longis, haud gelatinosis, inamyloideis, defibulatis,
in pileo tenuitunicatis, in stipite subparallelis. Tra-
mate hymenophorali regulari. Hyphis oleiferis
moderatim numerosis, 1.5-9.5 nm latis, refrin-
gentibus. Epicute pilei et hypodermio hyalinis, ex
hyphis intertextis, diverticulatis (diverticulis e. gr.
4 X 1.5 fim), usque ad 16 nm latis effbrmatis et
structuram Ramealium formantibus. Dermato-
cystidiis marginem pilei versus sparsis vel raris,
e. gr. 25-30 x 12 tim, subclavatis vel subventri-
cosis, integris vel (ut cheilocystidia) appendicu-
latis, omnibus tenuitunicatis, hyalinis. Tegumento
stipitis e dermatocystidiis et hyphis criniformibus
admodum versiformibus effbrmato.

Ad ligna arborum dicotyledonearum, e. gr. Eu-
geniae citrifoliae Poir. in silvis tropicalibus typi
terrae firmae et campinae-campinaranae.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, 30 km N of Manaus
("embrapa"), 23 VI 1977, Singer B 10010 {wpa).
Additional collection apparently conspecific: Bra-
zil, Amazonas, road Manaus-Caracarai, km 45, in
campinarana, Singer B 11359 (inpa).

Marasmiellus eugeniae Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo albo, macroscopice glabro, sub lente min-
utissime subhispido, per tertiam partem radii sub-
sulculato, convexo, mox centro depresso, demum
subapplanato, 2.5-3 mm lato. Lamellis albis, an-
guslis vel mediocriter latis, subdistantibus vel dis-
tantibus, interdum nonnullis furcatis, horizontal-
ibus vel subarcuatis, subliberis vel adnalo-
subdecurrentibus. Stipite albo, interdum pallide
griseolo ad apicem, siccando ad basin cinnamo-
meo in vetustis, sub lente fibrilloso-subhispidulo
et sericeo ad basin, macroscopice subglabro, ae-
quali vel subaequali, insititio, 4.5-5 x 0.2 mm.
Carne pilei alba, tenui, inodora.

Sporis 10-14 X (4-)4.5-6Mni,pIerumque ± 12-
12.5 X 5-5.5 nm, oblongis vel fusoideis, levibus,
inamyloideis. Hymenio: Basidiis 25-49 x 7-1 1.5
^m, tetrasporis; basidiolis vix manifeste fusoideis.

This clampless species is related to M. defibu-
latus Sing., from which it differs in much larger
spores. We have, however, collected a somewhat
intermediate form between M. defibulatus and M.
eugeniae Sing. which has spores 8-10.5 x 3-4.2
^m, mostly 10-10.5 x ± 3.5 tim. Although I did
not separate this form from M. eugeniae at first
sight, it tums out to be separable from the latter
because of more irregular cheilocystidia and dif-
ferent habitat. Consequently, this intermediate
form is now considered to be a different, new
species, M. amazoniensis Sing., which see above.

Marasmiellus helminthocystis Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo primum dilute avellaneo, mox albo, immo
candido vel centro pallide fuscidulo, demum sor-
dido, grisello, primum fibrillis pilisque densis ob-
tecto, praesertim in centro, demum glabrescente.

SINGER: NEW TAXA OF AGARICALES

29

pellucide striato, demum sulcato-virgato (lineis
sordide subcinnamomeis et pallidis), haud hygro-
phano vel demum subhygrophano, convexo, fre-
quenter umbonato, dein obtuso et in centro an-
guste vel ample depresso sed haud profunde nec
umbilicato-depresso, 7.5-1 1.5 mm lato. Lamellis
albis, interdum grisello-albidis, immutabilibus, in
juvenilibus distantibus vel subdistantibus, dein
subdistantibus vel confertiusculis, lenissime la-
xeque subintervenosis vel haud intervenosis, sed
interdum furcatis, raro anastomosantibus, inter-
dum demum incrassatis (parasitae causa?), an-
gustis vel subangustis, adnatis, interdum seceden-
tibus. Sporis in massa candidis. Stipite albo,
subtiliter velutino vel pubescente, ut minime sub
lente viso, sed demum glabrescente, e basi dilatata
discoidea nato, centrali vel subcentrali, rarius sub-
excentrico, aequali, primum solido, 0.7-14 x 0. 1-
0.7 mm. Mycelio basali vix formato. Velo albo,
pileum juvenilium et stipitem usque ad basin stra-
to sericeo vel tomentoso obtegente sed fugacissi-
mo, neque annulum neque volvam formante. Hy-
menio primordii clauso; evolutio carpophororum
velangiocarpica vel paravelangiocarpica. Fractura
carpophororum in substrato cavitates minutae, al-
bae ut in M. coilobasis frequenter observantur.
Carne alba, immutabili, tenui, inodora.

Sporis 8.5-16 x 3.3-6 ^im, fusoideis vel fuso-
ideo-oblongis, (Q = 2.5-3.9), depressione supra-
hilari plerumque instructis, tenuitunicatis, levi-
bus, hyalinis, inamyloideis. Hymenio: Basidiis
tetrasporis, rarius (2-3-)4-sporis, 25-42 x 9-10.5
/xm; basidiolis et fusoideis et haud fusoideis prae-
sentibus. Cystidiis nuUis. Cheilocystidiis sparsis
vel raris, (30-)37-l 10 x 1.7-3.5 nm, filamentosis,
sed ad basin ipsam cepiformiter vel ventricose in-
crassatis, longissime effilatis, diametro partis bas-
alis (±10 nm alto) 3.5-10 nm, parte effiiata in-
terdum absente, si praesens obtusa, omnibus
cheilocystidiis hyalinis, ± tenuitunicatis (pariete
0.2-0.3 iim, raro usque ad 0.9 nm diam.), contentu
visibili nullo. Hyphis filamentosis vel cylindra-
ceis, 3-12 nm diam. et inter septa vix notabiliter
longis, haud vel vix gelatinosis, inamyloideis, fi-
bulatis (sed nonnullis septis simplicibus praesen-
tibus). Epicute pilei propria ex hyphis repentibus
efformata sed strato velari structura Ramealium
moderatim evoluta efformato obtecta; dermato-
cystidiis praesentibus, cheilocystidiis similibus. In
superficie stipitis multis dermatocystidiis eis pilei
simillimis praesentibus, in ambobus parte effilata
frequentius reducta quam in cheilocystidiis.

Ad frondes aliaque fragmenta delapsa vel pu-

trescentia Monocotyledonum gregatim, e. gr. ad
Palmas et Musaceas.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, Ponta Negra, 8 IV
1978, Singer B 10963 (inpa). Additional collec-
tions: Manaus, 17 V 1977, Singer B 9886 (inpa)
same locality, 15 XII 1978, SingerB 11439 (wpa)
same locality, 16 XII 1978, SingerB 11441 (inpa)
Peru, San Martin, Tocache Nuevo, 550-650 m
alt., 12 XII 1981, Plowman, Schunke V., Rury
11338 {¥).

This species belongs in sect. Candidi (Bat.) Sing.
and is related to M. albuscorticis (Secr.) Sing. which
differs in the shape of the cystidia and the thickness
of the stipe as well as the absence of gray discol-
orations in the lower part of the stipe; it also has
quite different habitat and geographical distribu-
tion. Marasmiellus helminthocystis also differs
from M. coilobasis (Berk.) Sing. in scarcely inter-
venose lamellae, presence of dermatocystidia on
the pileus, differentiated cheilocystidia and ab-
sence of (pleuro-)cystidia and different dermato-
cystidia of the stipe; it also differs in habitat. Mar-
asmiellus volvatus differs in the development of
the veil which leaves a distinct volva at the base
of the stipe and does not show an even moderately
developed Rameales structure in young speci-
mens; furthermore, it grows on Dicotyledones, not
on Monocotyledones.

Marasmiellus hypolissus Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo albo, levi, glabro, convexo, demum con-
cavo et unduloso, 1.2-1.4 mm lato. Lamellis sub-
nuUis, sed demum venis nonnullis admodum dis-
tantibus et paucis ad ipsum marginem
percurrentibus, subdecurrentibus, superficie hy-
meniali alba. Stipite albo, glabro, levi, glabro, ad
basin attenuato, ad ipsam basin disciformiter di-
latato, anguste cavo, 4 x 0.3 mm. Mycelio basali
nullo. Carne alba, tenui, immutabili.

Sporis 6-7 x 3.5 /xm, ellipsoideis, levibus, hy-
alinis, inamyloideis. Hymenio: Basidiolis fuso-
ideis et cum basidiis ad basin fibulatis. Cystidiis
et cheilocystidiis nullis vel rarissimis. Hyphis fi-
lamentosis, multis septis fibulatis, nonnullis sim-
plicibus, tenuitunicatis, inamyloideis, haud gela-
tinosis. Tramate hymenophorali regulari(?) sed
admodum reducto. Epicute pilei ex hyphis ple-
rumque prostratis, disperse et sparsissime excres-
centia brevissima spiniformia emittentibus, hy-

30

HELDIANA: BOTANY

alinis efformata; structura Ramealium nulla.
Tegumento stipitis depilato.

Ad radicellas emortuas in silva tropicali typi
terrae firmae primariae, raro et solitario.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, 30 km N of Manaus,
18 I 1978, Singer B 10540 (inpa).

This species appears to belong in sect. Dealbati
subsect. Dealbatini Sing., but its position in Mar-
asmiellus is somewhat doubtful since the subde-
current lamellae may indicate some relationship
with Neoclitocybe Sing.

Marasmiellus illinorum Sing., spec. nov.

Piieo in centro brunneo ("centennial Br" M&P),
ad marginem ochreo-albido, subhygrophano, gla-
bro, levi vel ad marginem brevissime (2-3 mm)
sulcatulo sed in siccis semper leviusculo, convexo,
centro mox depresso, 5-1 1 mm lato. Lamellis al-
bis vel cremeo-albis, confertis, haud furcatis, haud
intervenosis, multis lamellulis insertis, anguste ad-
nexis vel subliberis. Stipite ad apicem pallido, in-
ter apicem et basin rubro-brunneo ("henna" M&P)
et ad ipsam basin atrocastaneo ("Mandalay"
M&P), pruinato, insititio, centrali gradatim leniter
basin versus attenuato, 10-40 x 0.6-0.9 mm.
Carne in pileo et apice stipitis alba, tenuissima,
inodora.

Sporis 6-6.5 x 2.5-3 Aini, fusoideisvel oblongis
vel oblongo-ellipsoideis, levibus, hyalinis, ina-
myloideis. Hymenio: Basidiis 16-24 x 5-6.2^01,
tetrasporis, basidiolis plerumque (haud omnibus)
fusoideis. Cystidiis nullis. Cheilocystidiis nume-
rosis, 23-26 x 6-8 mhi, versiformibus, generatim
ad apicem et ad latera aut ad apicem tantum uno
vel quatuor appendiculis digitaliformibus brevi-
bus vel moderate longis omatis, omnino hyalinis,
tenuitunicatis, corpore basali nec non appendi-
culis obtusis. Hyphis in tramate pilei hyalinis, ra-
diatim dispositis, tenuitunicatis, haud gelatinosis,
fibulatis, inamyloideis. Tramate hymenophorali
regulari. Epicute pilei structurae Ramealium de-
bilis vel intermittentis, hyphis nonnulla excres-
centia diverticuliformia sed minuta vel lata ob-
tusaque et pilis stipitis breviora emittentibus,
hyalinis vel subhyalinis in parte marginali pilei,
in centro pilei et in hypodermio pigmento ochra-
ceo intraparietali sed vix incrustante coloratis.
Tegumento stipitis e pilis erectis, simplicibus, in-
tegris, hyalinis, numerosis, pariete 0.2 Mm crassa,

rarius usque ad 1.5 ^m crassa instructis, nume-
rosis, 13-57 x 5.5-8.5 nm, cylindraceis vel am-
pullaceis, interdum flexuosis, obtusis effbrmato.

Ad lignum ramulorum quercinorum et ad alia
ligna dicotyledonea gregatim sed haud dense ag-
gregate in silva prope rivulas.

Typus-USA, Illinois, Highland Park, 6 VIII
\911,SingerN4152{¥).

This North American species belongs in sect.
Dealbati subsect. Quercini Sing. and is related to
M. bauhiniae Sing. and M. hirtellus (Berk. & Br.)
Pegler, but seems to be somewhat intermediate
between the Quercini and sect. Rameales (Lange)
Sing., especially the stirps Subramealis, from which
it differs in the poorly developed Rameales struc-
ture of the pileus, shorter spores, different hairs
on the surface of the stipe, and different habitat
and distribution. M. gomezpompae is larger, with
much longer spores and relati vely longer stipe than
that of M. illinorum Sing.

Marasmiellus latispermus Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo albo, lamellis albis haud intervenosis, dis-
tantibus, stipite griseo in adultis, e subcentrali ex-
centrico vel sublaterali.

Sporis 9-1 1.5 x 6-8.5 nm, late ellipsoideis.

Ad Bambuseas (Chusquea spec).

Tvpus— Peru, Cuzco, Machu Picchu, 20 V 1958,
Singer B 3026 (holotype, bafc; isotype, lil).

This species has been confused with the holo-
type of A/. schiffneri Bres. in Hohnel and was under
the latter name described in Beih. Nov. Hedw. 44:
216. 1973. The holotype of A/. schiffneri (wv) has
been revised by me. It differs in its spore characters
and has been described by me under the name M.
oblongisporus Sing. (l.c. p. 254, no. 109). Thus,
M. oblongisporus Sing. is a synonym of M. schiff-
neri.

Marasmiellus lecythidacearum Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo dilute vel atro-brunneo, hygrophano,
praesertim in zona sulcata et in centro (humido
"cookie" M&P vel obscurius colorato, dehydra-
tione "polar bear" M&P vel subalbido), macro-
scopice glabro sed sub lente tomentosulo, pellu-

SINGER: NEW TAXA OF AGARICALES

31

cide striato vel sulcato (et obscuriore in sulcis),
sexta parte radii, in centro levi nec striato, convexo,
centro mox depresso vel subumbilicato, nec pro-
funde umbilicato nec papillato umbonatove, 7-19
mm lato. Lamellis vegetis et siccis haud candidis
sed pallide griseolo-brunneolis ("tansan," "sun-
tan," "almond" M&P), angustis vel sublatiusculis,
subconfertis vel subdistantibus vel distantibus,
plerumque subdistantibus, haud intervenosis, ar-
cuatis vel frequentius, ut minime in aduhis, hor-
izontaHbus, adnatis vel adnexis, rarius subdecur-
rentibus. Stipite albo, mox e basi brunnescente et
ad basin ipsam plerumque atrobrunneo vel griseo-
cinnamomeo, in siccis ad apicem "lariat" (M&P),
ad basin "Caucasia" (M&P) vel nonnihil obscur-
iore, macroscopice subglabro, sed sub lente man-
ifeste sericeo-fibrilloso vel pubescente, stricto vel
curvato, insititio, aequah vel ad basin leniter in-
crassato vel apicem versus subattenuato, 8-18 x
0.5-1 mm. Carne inodora.

Sporis(5.5-)6.7-9.5 x (2.3-)3-3.8 Mm, plerum-
que 7.5-9 x 3.3-3.6 fim, oblongis vel paucis el-
lipsoideis, levibus, hyalinis, inamyloideis. Hy-
menio: Basidiis 18-27 x (5.5-)5.7-7.5 fim,
tetrasporis, interdum (l-2-3-)4-sporis et tunc
sterigmatibus usque ad 9 nm longis; basidiolis fu-
soideis. Cystidiis ad aciem lamellarum et ad latera
aut aciei proxima aut usque ad spatia interlamel-
laria praesentibus, 20-70 x 4-11.5 nm, plerum-
que 25-35 x 6-8 nm, versiformibus, plerumque
simplicibus et integris sed semper nonnullis bi-
vel tri- furcatis vel multiappendiculatis (appen-
diculis diverticuliformibus, usque ad septem, e.
gr. 3 X 1.5-2 nm) praesentibus, interdum mu-
cronatis (mucrone e. gr. 4-1 0 x 2-3.5 nm vel longe
filiformi) ceterum plerumque ventricosis, clavatis,
cylindraceis, in integris ad apicem obtusis, sed ad
latera lamellarum frequenter acuminatis vel bas-
idioliformibus (sed basidiolis majoribus), hyalinis,
tenuitunicatis. Hyphis haud gelatinosis, fibulatis,
inamyloideis. Tramale hymenophorali regulari, ex
hyphis saepe tenuiter pigmento incrustatis, partim
intertextis efformato sed interdum incrastatione
vix visibili et omnibus hyphis hyalinis vel sub-
hyalinis. Epicute pilei cutiformi, structuram Ra-
mealium intermittentem tenuem vel vix evolutam
formente, hyphis diametri variabilis, interdum re-
curvatis sed plerumque horizontalibus, paucis
brunneo-incrustatis vel crystalline incrustatis, par-
iete incolori, interdum extenuatis vel sparse no-
dulosis, sed plerumque levibus, multis latiusculis.
Hypodermio ex hyphis hyalinis vel subhyalinis,
nonnullis pigmento brunneo-incrustatis efforma-
to. Tegumento stipitis e dermatocystiis pilifor-

mibus vel cystidiis hymenialibus similibus, 1 1-70
X 3-7 nm, aliis cylindraceis, aliis utriformibus vel
ampullaceis, interdum appendiculo vel appendi-
culis paucis lateralibus vel apicalibus omatis, ten-
uitunicatis, interdum sparsis efformato.

Ad lignum dicotyledoneum, plerumque Lecy-
thidacearum, e. gr. Eschweilera sp. in silvis tro-
picalibus typi terrae firmae.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, 30 km N of Manaus,
10 X 1977, Singer B 10197 (inpa). Additional
coUections: same locality, 21 IV 1977, Singer B
9742 (iNPA); same locality, 23 III 1978, Singer B
10832 (iNPA); same locality, 26 XII 1977, Singer
B 10401 (iNPA).

This species is, like M. illinorum, somewhat in-
termediate between sect. Dealbati subsect. Quer-
cini and sect. Rameales subsect. Ramealini, but
its affinity is with M. dendroegrus Sing.

Marasmiellus leucophyllus Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo alutaceo grisello, sicco argillaceo, opaco
subtomentosoque in centro, levi, dein lenissime
sulcato ad marginem, convexo, in maturis centro
depresso, obtuso, 2.5 mm lato. Lamellis albis, sic-
cis etiam albis, ad aciem albis, decem lamellis per-
currentibus et octo lamellulis, mediocriter latis,
haud intervenosis, late adnatis. Stipite subtus cas-
taneo sed apicem versus pallidiore vel pallido, ba-
sin versus sericeo-pruinato, ad apicem subglabro
vel glabro, cavo, curvato, centrali, aequali vel ba-
sin versus subattenuato, ± 4.5 x 0.2 mm insiti-
tio. Carne albida, tenui, odore haud manifesto.

Sporis 6.5-8.5 x 2-2.7 /xm, lanceolatis vel lan-
ceolato-subcurvatis, fusoideis vel subcylindrico-
oblongis, levibus, hyalinis, inamyloideis. Hymen-
io: Basidiis 17-23 x 6.8-7.5 ^m, tetrasporis. Cys-
tidiis nullis. Cheilocystidiis ad aciem heteromor-
pham 26-30 x 8.5-13 nm late ventricosis vel
ventricoso-clavatis, tenuitunicatis, ad apicem se-
tulis sat numerosis divergentibus 2-7 jum proji-
cientibus omatis, ex toto hyalinis, paucis subves-
iculosis vel magis irregularibus. Hyphis hyalinis,
in stipite pallide bmnneis vel fuscidulis et non-
nullis crassitunicatis, parallelis, plemmque fila-
mentosis, fibulatis. Epicute pilei manifeste fortit-
erque coralloidea typi stmcturae Ramealium sed
ex hyphis maxima e parte repentibus, nonnullis
diverticulis furcatis, omnibus hyalinis efformata,
nonnullis dermatocystidiis cheilocystidiis simil-
limis praesentibus. Hypodermio spadiceo vel

32

HELDIANA: BOTANY

atrobrunneo e pigmento manifeste incrustante.
Tegumento stipitis in eius parte inferiore ex ele-
mentis piliformibus et dermatocystidiis efformato;
elementis piliformibus 35-140 x 3-5 ^m, api-
cem versus attenuatis, effilatis, 0.5-2 nm latis, flex-
uosis, immo in spiram collectis, acutis vel obtusis,
tenuitunicatis; dermatocystidiis exiguis, 8-12(-25)
X 2-3(-5) ^im, hyalinis, utriformibus vel cylin-
draceis vel clavatis, obtusis, tenuiter vel firme sed
haud crasse tunicatis.

Ad ramulos delapsos arboris dicotyledoneae in
silva tropicali typi terrae firmae.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, 30 km N of Manaus,
17 V 1977, Singer B 9645 (inpa).

Marasmiellus albifolius Sing. differs in the char-
acteristics of the cheilocystidia and the habitat; M.
incrustatus Sing. differs in the color of the lamellae
(not white) and smaller spores. Both differ in the
cclor of the pileus.

effbrmato, his 45-86 x 4-4.2 nm, cylindraceo-
subfiliformibus, nonnullis ad vel prope basin us-
que ad 5 fim dilatatis, pariete tenui vel firma (us-
que ad 0.5 nm crassa) et apice rotundato instructis.
Ad folia dicotyledonea in silva tropicali typi ter-
rae firmae solitario.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, 30 km N of Manaus
("EMBRAPA"), 21 IV 1977, SingerB 9772 (inpa).

This belongs in subsect. Quercini Sing. The green
discoloration of the pigment in KOH is the same
as observed in Marasmiellus potassiovirens Sing.,
Neoclitocybe portentosa Sing., in several species of
Collybia, and in all ofAnthracophyllum. Aside from
the tribus Collybieae, this greening occurs also in
some species of Crinipeilis.

Marasmiellus minutalis Sing., spec. nov.

Marasmiellus lysochlorus Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo brunneo, subhygrophano, in siccis cin-
namomeo margine pallidiore, in vegetis ruditer
sulcato, in siccis sublevi, glabro, convexo, papil-
lato, 4-5 mm lato. Lamellis ex integro sordide
albidis vel sordide pallidis, sat angustis, distanti-
bus, adnexis. Stipite brunneo, pallidiore basin ver-
sus, macroscopice pruinato, sub lente albopiloso-
pubescente, cavo, insititio, aequali, ± 9 x 0.5 mm.
Carne brunneolo-pallido, tenui, odore haud man-
ifesto.

Sporis 7.2-8.4 x 2.8-3.5 nm, oblongis vel sub-
cylindraceis, levibus, hyalinis, inamyloideis, non-
nullis guttulis oleaginosis repletis, depressione su-
prahilari instructis. Hymenio: Basidiis 24 x 6 nm,
tetrasporis; basidiolis haud manifeste fusoideis.
Cheilocystidiis ad aciem et prope aciem hetero-
morpham 21-27 x 5-7.5 fim, utriformibus, con-
strictionibus vel constrictione 2.5-5 nm diam.,
levibus et integris, simplicibus, obtusis, hyalinis,
tenuitunicatis. Cystidiis veris haud differentiatis.
Hyphis subhyalinis vel hyalinis, haud gelatinosis,
fibulatis, inamyloideis. Epicute pilei ab hypoder-
mio paullum differentiato, cutiformi sed ± inter-
texto, ex hyphis pigmento fuligineo granuloso-in-
crustatis, sed granulis in KOH dissolutis et
solutionem viridulam producentibus, ita ut pig-
mentum CoIIybiae alkalivirentis in mentem re-
vocent, effbrmata. Tegumento stipitis e derma-
tocystidiis piliformibus hyalinis erectis et prostratis

Pileo in centro ochraceo-cinnamomeo, ad mar-
ginem albo, macroscopice glabro, sub lente to-
mentoso, sublevi, convexo, obtuso, haud umbil-
icato, 1 .5-4 mm lato. Lamellis albis, sublatis, haud
vel vix intervenosis, 8-12 percurrentibus, adnexis
vel adnatis. Stipite concolori pilei centro basin
versus et pilei margini apicem versus, distanter
vel dense ffocculoso, ffocculis minutis basin versus
densioribus, sursum vel subtus attenuato, insititio,
2-6 X 0.1-0.3 mm. Carne tenui, inodora.

Sporis(5.5-)6.3-7.3 x 2.5-3 Mm, oblongis, lev-
ibus, hyalinis, inamyloideis. Hymenio: Basidiis 21-
22 X ± 6 fim; basidiolis fusoideis. Cystidiis nullis.
Cheilocystidiis ad aciem lamellarum heteromor-
pham 24-31 x 8.5-21.5 ixm, subvesiculosis vel
clavatis, totis vel sursum tantum setulis brevibus
obtusis et/aut appendiculis digitiformibus typi
Rotalis modo omatis, omnino hyalinis vel vix
brunneolo-hyalinis, interdum pedicellatis, appen-
diculis usque ad 7.5 nm longis, tenuitunicatis. Hy-
phis omnibus inamyloideis, haud gelatinosis, in
pileo tenuitunicatis, in stipite parallelis, fibulatis.
Epicute pilei ex hyphis structuram Ramealium
manifestam formantibus sed hac interdum div-
erticulis sat latis, obtusis, rarius haud densis notata
et dermatocystidiis plerumque numerosis cheilo-
cystidiis simillimis interspersa, hyalina vel brun-
nea. Hypodermio magis colorato pigmento intra-
parietali sed vix vel minime et sparse incrustante,
ochraceo vel brunneolo, sed ad marginem pilei
subhyalino. Tegumento stipitis ex hypharum cel-
lulis terminalibus, cystidiformibus aggregatis, 4.3-

SINGER: NEW TAXA OF AGARICALES

33

1 3 nm latis, ventricosis vel cylindraceis, frequenter
ita ut cheilocystidia appendiculis paucis vel pluries
numerosis omatis atque tenuitunicatis, apice ro-
tundato-obtusis, frequenter ad basin furcatis, ad
apicem stipitis saepe subhymeniformiter conden-
satis, inamyloideis, pigmento haud incrustatis ef-
formato.

Ad foha Dicotyledonum delapsa in silva tro-
picah typi terrae firmae.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, 30 km N of Manaus
(embrapa), 29 VI 1977, Singer B 10022 (inpa, as
"Af. brasiliensis var. minutalis"). Additional col-
lection: Ibid., 14 VI 1977, Singer B 9939/41.

Intermediate between M. brasiliensis (Berk. &
Mont.) Sing. and M. subramealis \2S.julius Sing.,
this species is distinguished because of its habitat
and the small size of the carpophores.

Marasmiellus pantholocystis Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo albo, subglabro vel tomentosulo, levi, opa-
co, convexo, obtuso, in siccis ± 9 mm lato, cir-
cumferentia elliptica. Lamellis albis, distantibus,
octo lamellis percurrentibus, fortiter intervenosis.
Stipite albo, basin versus attenuato, insititio, ex-
centrico, ±2 x 0.5 mm. Carne alba.

Sporis (6.7-)9-10.8 x (3.3-)4.5-5.2 iim, ellip-
soideis vel oblongis, levibus, hyalinis, inamyloid-
eis. Hymenio: Basidiis 21-31 x 6.8-8.7 nm, te-
trasporis. Cystidiis nuUis. Cheilocystidiis inter
basidia subsparsis, ± 30 x 1 1.5 ^im vel 18-31 x
1.7-11.5 iim, admodum versiformibus, subfila-
mentosis vel vesiculosis, saepe fusoideis vel utri-
formibus, ventricosis, etc, pariete tenui vel firma,
numquam crassa instructis, acutis vel frequentius
apice rotundato-obtusis, rarius 1-2 appendiculis
sterigmatomorphis apicalibus omatis, hyalinis.
Hyphis haud gelatinosis, filamentosis, fibulatis,
3.5-5.5 nm latis, pariete 0.3-1 nm crassa instmc-
tis. Epicute pilei hyalina, ex hyphis repentibus ef-
formata, sed intermittenter debilem stmcturam
Ramealium formante ex excrescentiis superfici-
alibus versiformibus semiglobatis, filiformibus vel
cylindraceis vel anguste claviformibus vel cysti-
diformibus, 1.5-20.5 x 1.7-2.5 nm, cystidifor-
mibus paucis, exiguis, circumferentia noduloso-
salebrosa. Tegumento stipitis stmctura simili gau-
dente.

Ad ramulum dicotyledoneum in silva tropicali
("Niederwald").

Typus— Indonesia, Pulo-Penang, Wawra 1407

(w).

This species is an Asiatic representative of sect.
Marasmiellus subsect. Inodermatini Sing.

Marasmiellus potamogeton Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo bmnneo ("cookie" vel "bumt umber"
M&P), marginem versus pallidiore, margine ex-
tremo interdum albido, toto levi, radiatim innate
radialiter fibrilloso, convexo vel irregulariter con-
vexo, primum subumbonato dein obtuso vel ap-
planato in centro, margine demum saepe recur-
vato, 20-21 mm lato. Lamellis albis, confertis,
angustis, haud vel vix intervenosis, liberis. Stipite
fuscidulo ("terrapin" M«feP), ex toto albo-pubes-
cente sed ad basin atrocastaneo-pubescente, raro
atrocastaneo, subfuliginoso, sed tunc gradatim
pallidiore apicem versus, aequali, insititio, 50-6 1
X 1.7-2 mm. Carne tenui, subinodora.

Sporis 5.5-7.5(-8) x 2-2.5(-3) nm, oblongis,
levibus, hyalinis. Hymenio: Basidiis 15x5 ^m,
tetrasporis; basidiolis fusoideis. Cystidiis ad latera
lamellamm sparsis, ad aciem numerosis inter ba-
sidia et basidiola, 27-58 x 6.5-1 1 ^m, plemmque
fusoideis, interdum 1-2 appendiculis sterigmato-
morphis apicalibus omatis, paucis longe hyphose
effilatis, sed permultis integris et apice obtusis, hy-
alinis, pariete subtenui (inteme frequenter haud
bene delimitata). Hyphis hyalinis, haud gelati-
nosis, filamentosis sed nonnullis sublatis, pariete
tenui vel firma instmctis, fibulatis, eis stipitis par-
allelis, pallide bmnneolis, haud pigmento incms-
tatis, multis septis secundariis simplicibus obser-
vatis. Tramate hymenophorali regulari. Epicute
pilei cutiformi, ex hyphis angustis pariete hyalina,
tenui, sed in nonnullis partibus bmnneo-incms-
tata instmctis, hyphas vix ascendentes acutas vel
obtusas haud incmstatas in fasciculis emittentibus
efformata. Hypodermio cutiformi, ex hyphis ple-
rumque latioribus, pigmento vermciformiter sat-
urate bmnneo incmstatis, usque ad 9 nm latis ef-
formato. Tegumento stipitis piloso, pilis 100-270
X 3-3.5 nm, filamentosis, e hyphis verticalibus
exterioribus stipitis cum aut sine septo natis, hy-
alinis, obtusis vel acutis, tenuitunicatis, densis,
saepe 1-3-septatis. Pigmento KOH ope haud vi-
rescente.

Ad lignum emortuum dicotyledoneum gregatim
in silva inundabili aquae albae (typi varzeae).

34

FTELDIANA: BOTANY

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, Parana do Janauaca
near Lago do Castanho, 23 V 1980, SingerB 12178

(F).

Marasmiellus potamogeton Sing. is macroscop-
ically similar to Collybia phylladophiloides Sing.,
but differs in evidently insititious base and comes
close to M. lecythidacearum Sing.

Marasmiellus potassiovirens Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo ochraceobrunneo, glabro vel subglabro,
striato vel (in siccis) sulcatulo per medium radium,
convexo, obtuso, centro demum applanato, 11-
12 mm lato. Lamellis pallidis, subconfertis vel
subdistantibus, haud intervenosis, medioriter latis
vel sublatis, anguste adnexis vel subliberis. Stipite
pallido apicem versus, castaneo basin versus, ex
toto pruinato e pruina pallida, aequali, insititio,
±13x1 mm. Carne alba, tenui, inodora.

Sporis 6-7.5 x 3.5-4 /im, ellipsoideis, levibus,
hyalinis. Hymenio: Basidiis 21-24 x 6 /im; basi-
diolis fusoideis, fibula basali destitutis. Cystidiolis
dimorphis (1) cheilocystidiis similibus, (2) 21-32
X 5-6 nm, fusoideo-subventricosis vel subam-
pullaceis vel anguste utriformibus, tenuitunicatis,
hyalinis. Cheilocystidiis numerosis, ad aciem la-
mellarum subheteromorpham, 17-22 x 7.5-10.5
^m raro longioribus, vesiculosis vel late ventri-
cosis, integris, ad apicem late rotundatis, hyalinis,
tenuitunicatis. Cystidiis veris haud visis. Hyphis
defibulatis, haud gelatinosis. Tramate hymeno-
phorali regulari. Epicute pilei ei Marasmielli ly-
sochlori simili, ex hyphis intertextis intermittenter
ruditer coralloideo, hyphis partim asendentibus,
excrescentiis bulbosis et diverticulis latiusculis hinc
illinc dilatatis, multis pigmento brunneo incrus-
tatis. Hypodermio cutiformi, satis latis (e. gr. 10.5
Aim latis), hyphis manifeste incrustatis; pigmento
incrustante sepiaceo-subfuligineo in KOH colore
chlorino vel pallide viridi dissoluto, et solutione
alias hyphas invadente. Tegumento stipitis e der-
matocystidiis efformato, his cheilocystidiis simi-
libus sed variabilioribus, nonnullis cystidiola in
mentem revocantibus, 30-70 x 6.5-15 nm, om-
nibus rotundato-obtusis ad apicem.

Ad truncum vivum arboris, Duckeodendron aut
Minquartia, circa 1 m supra terram, gregatim.

% Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, 30 km N of Manaus
("EMBRAPA"), 21 IV 1977, SingerB 9782 (inpa).

M. picipes (Murr.) Sing. is related but M. ly-
sochlorus Sing. (with clamp-bearing hyphae) should
also be compared.

Marasmiellus rosascentifolius Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo brunneo vel sordide cinnamomeo-brun-
neo, dense innate radialiter fibrilloso (ut minime
sub lente et disco excepto), per medium radium
sulculato vel sulcato, convexo, demum applanato
et centro nonnihil depresso, 18-23 mm lato. La-
mellis pallidis sed in juvenilibus siccando laete
salmoneo-roseis, confertis vel confertissimis, haud
vel vix intervenosis, angustis, dein mediocriter la-
tis, liberis vel subliberis. Stipite atrocastaneo sed
apice pallido, apice in juvenilibus siccando rosas-
cente, ad apicem subtiliter pruinoso vel pubes-
cente, ceterum piloso-hispido, e centrali vel sub-
centrali dein frequentissime excentrico, stricto,
obliquo vel verticali, sed numquam sublaterali,
rarius curvato, aequali, insititio, 11-14 x 0.8-3
mm. Carne tenui, inodora.

Sporis8-10 X 3.5-5 mti, amygdaliformibusvel
oblongis, levibus, hyalinis, guttula centrali exuguo
globoso. Hymenio: Basidiis ± 23 x 6.7 nm, te-
trasporis. Cystidiis nullis. Cheilocystidiis in acie
lamellarumheteromorphanumerosis, 25-40 x 5-
8 nm, cylindraceis vel anguste ampullaceis, raro
subcapitatis, rarius subventricosis, obtusis, ten-
uitunicatis, marginem pilei versus brevioribus
quam prope stipitem, hyalinis, omnibus integris
et simplicibus. Hyphis tramatis pilei hyalinis, stip-
itis brunneolo-hyalinis et parallelis, non gelati-
nosis, tenuitunicatis, fibulatis. Epicute pilei struc-
turae Ramealium vix manifestae, tenuis,
intermittentis modo in strato supremo, partim in-
tertextis hyphis latioribus pauca diverticula man-
ifesta emittentibus consistente sed in parte infer-
iore cutiformi, hyphis haud vel tenuissime
pigmento incrustatis sed pigmento intraparietali
frequenter manifesto. Hypodermio cutiformi pig-
mento simili colorato et ab hyphis tramatis pilei
hoc pigmento tantum differente. Tegumento stip-
itis ad eius apicem e pilis cystidiformibus nume-
rosis, 50-64 x 4.8-8.5 nm, cheilocystidiis simi-
libus eiformato. Pilis basis stipitis similibus sed
plerumque cylindraceis, densioribus, brunneolo-
hyalinis vel pallide brunneolis.

Ad stipulas et ramulos ligneos dicotyledoneos
in silva tropicali primaria typi terrae firmae gre-
gatim.

SINGER: NEW TAXA OF AGARICALES

35

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, 30 km N of Manaus,
3 IV 1978, SingerB 10905 (inpa). Additional col-
lections: Manaus, 22 IV 1977, SingerB 9789 (inpa);
same locality, 1 II 1978, Singer B 10588 (inpa).
These collections seem identical because the la-
mellae redden ("tomato R," "arabesque" M«feP)
on drying.

The lamellae and the stipe, tuming reddish when
drying, remind one of A/. aurantiorufescens Sing.,
but the eventually eccentric stipe and the larger
spores are different. If Singer B 9789 and Singer
B 10588 are indeed identical with the holotypus
of Af. rosascentifolius, the eventual eccentricity of
the stipe is not a constant characteristic.

Marasmiellus subhirtellus Sing., spec. nov.

Sporis(6-)7.5 x 3-3.3 ^nietcheilocystidiishaud
noduloso-diverticulatis et pilis stipitis 16-70 x
6.5-9 fxm tenuitunicatis et subhyalinis (nec crasse
tunicatis et pallide brunneis) a M. hirtello (Berk.
& Br.) Pegler recedit (cf Pegler, Kew Bull. Add.
ser. 6: 130. 1977).

Ad stipulas et ramulos et quisquilias fruticum
et herbarum in silva humida tropicali.

Typus— Brazil, Para, Belem, 10 VI 1966, Singer
B 4255 (holotype, bafc; isotype, lil).

Collybia hirtella (Berk. & Br.) Dennis sensu
Dennis (Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. 34: 444. 1951),
from Trinidad is M. subhirtellus.

Marasmiellus subinodermatoides Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo in vegetis humidis brunneo ("sayal Br"
vel "tortoise shell" M&P), fortiter hygrophano,
dehydrato et sicco albo vel albido sed centro fre-
quenter cameobrunneolo ("rose amber" M&P),
pellucide striato et sulcato per medium radium,
macroscopice glabro sed subtomentosulo sub lente
in siccis, demum vinaceopunctato in nonnuUis,
haud viscido, convexo, umbilicato, demum con-
cavo, 12-27 mm lato. Lamellis albis, angustis vel
mediocriter latis, saepe nonnullis furcatis, in ve-
tustis frequenter sparse intervenosis cum lamel-
lulae venis ad lamellas percurrentes transcurrant,
plerumque confertis, rarius mediocriter confertis,
ad stipitem attenuatis vel adnatis, demum saepe
subcollariatis.Stipite albo vel pallido ad apicem,
basin versus vinaceo ("copper leaf ' vel "cedar

bark" M&P), demum obscuriore ("Maracaibo"
M&P), macroscopice glabro sed sub lente fibril-
loso-subpubescente, ad basin frequenter tomen-
toso, glabrescente, subaequali vel basin versus at-
tenuato, plemmque excentrico, stricto vel curvato,
saepe obliquo, 1 2-2 1 x 1-2.5 mm. Myceliobasali
vix vel moderatim evoluto ex hyphis minutis sub
lente visibilibus, albis appressis efformato, ita ut
stipes subinsititius dicendus. Carne alba, inodora,
rarius debiliter formaldehydico odore praesente.

Sporis 8.5-10.5 x 5-6 Mrn, ellipsoideis, levibus,
hyalinis. Hymenio: Basidiis 20-28 x 10.5-10.8
nm, tetrasporis. Cystidiis nullis. Cheilocystidis ad
aciem heteromorpham lamellamm numerosis, 1 2-
17 X 7-10 tim, ventricoso-subvesiculosis, setuli-
geris (typi Rotalis), appendiculis numerosis, raro
uno duobusve apicalibus tantum omatis, tenui-
tunicatis, hyalinis. Hyphis filamentosis vel inflatis
vel latis, fibulatis, in pileo haud gelatinosis, hy-
alinis, in parte inferiore stipitis parallelis, bmnneis
e pigmento haud incmstante, sed intraparietali.
Epicute pilei e stmctura Ramealium consistente,
ex elementis versiformibus, diverticulatis, hyalin-
is vel e pigmento haud incmstante sed intrapar-
ietali pallide bmnneolis effbrmata. Tegumento
stipitis ex hyphis liberis piliformibus eis Cono-
cybis subsectionis Mixtinomm similibus et ex pilis
cystidiformibus exiguis 4-18 x 2.5-4 /xm, cylin-
draceis vel utriformibus, angustis, obtusis, hyalin-
is effbrmato. Hyphis liberis 17-40 ^im longis et
± 1 ^m latis.

Ad tmncum emortuum arboris dicotyledoneae
in silva tropicali, gregatim.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, 30 km N of Manaus
("embrapa"), 2 I 1978, SingerB 10470 b-c (inpa).
Apparently additional coUection: Brazil, Bahia,
Urucuca, 8 VI 1978, Singer B 11155 (inpa).

This species is similar to M. inodermatoides Sing.
but shows aberrant colors and belongs in subsect.
Gilvini Sing. Marasmiellus purpureus (Berk. &
Curt.) Murr. differs in somewhat narrower spores
and the colors of the fresh carpophores, as well as
the more distant lamellae.

Marasmiellus varzeae Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo albo, glabro, levi vel leniter pellucide stria-
tulo ad marginem, convexo, dein applanato, neque
umbilicato nec papillato, 3-9 mm lato. Lamellis
albis, distantibus, sat angustis vel mediocriter la-
tis, haud intervenosis sed in superficie interla-

36

HELDIANA: BOTANY

mellari rugulosis in adultis, usque ad 1 1 lamellis
percurrentibus (nonnihil minus numerosis in car-
pophoris minoribus), una vel altera furcata vel
omnibus simphcibus, anguste adnexis vel subh-
beris. Stipite albo, dein palhde sordido ad basin
et demum ex toto, glabro vel subglabro, levi, cur-
vato, primum centrah sed mox excentrico, 3-5 x
0.5 mm. Myceho basah e fibrinuhs subtihbus spar-
sis e basi ipsa radiantibus efformato. Carne alba,
immutabih, inodora.

Sporis (6.5-)7-9 x 4.5-5.2 nm, eUipsoideis,
depressione suprahilari destitutis, levibus, hyahn-
is, inamyloideis. Hymenio: Basidiis 20-26 x 6-8
/xm, tetrasporis; basidiohs paucis tantum fuso-
ideis. Cystidiis nuUis. Cheilocystidiis numerosis,
dimorphis, (1) 14-27 x 1.5-3.5 Mm, filamentosis,
interdum furcatis, vel cylindraceis vel anguste
ventricosis, interdum constrictionibus instructis,
strictis vel flexuosis, ad apicem appendiculo dac-
tylomorpho praeditis, tenuitunicatis, hyalinis; (2)
15-40 X 3.5-8 nm, clavatis, ad apicem nonnulhs
appendiculis setuliformibus usque ad 3.5 nm pro-
jicientibus, raro uno apicali vel laterali tantum
instructis, sed plerumque typum "Siccus" (Mar-
asmiorum) in mentem revocantibus, tenuituni-
catis, hyalinis. Hyphis tramatis hymenophoralis
regularis et pilei tenuitunicatis, hyalinis, inamy-
loideis, 2.5-4 nm latis, interdum leniter inflatis
(usque ad 10 fim diam.), radialiter dispositis sed
intertextis in pileo, vix gelatinosis et stratum ge-
latinosum haud efformantibus. Hyphis oleiferis 3-
8 nm diam., opacis, saepe furcatis subhyalinis. Ep-
icute pilei ex cellulis terminalibus et subtermina-
libus repentibus vel ascendentibus vel suberectis
et frequenter cystidiformibus sed haud hymeni-
formiter dispositis efformata; dermatocystidiis 1 7-
40 X 6-8 nm ambobus typis cheilocystidiorum
simillimis sed saepe ramosis; structura Rameal-
ium hoc modo praesente sed tenui et intermit-
tente. Tegumento stipitis (in parte media) sparso,
ad apicem magis evoluto et e dermatocystidiis am-
bobus typis cheilocystidiorum similibus, basin
stipitis versus e hyphis ascendentibus tenuituni-
catis hyalinis, integris efformato, his hyphis my-
celii basalis similibus.

Ad truncum stantem vivum (Leguminosarum?)
in silva tropicali inundabili aquae albae (varzea)
gregatim, usque ad 6 m supra terram fructificans.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, Ilha da Marchan-
taria, 1 VII 1981, SingerB 12215 (inpa).

This varzea species is characterized by a my-
celium ascending on trees and forming fructifi-

cations just above the water level during or after
inundation (cf Singer, Amazoniana 8: 313. 1984).
It is related to M. parlatorei Sing. and M. epoch-
nous (Berk. & Curt. in Berk. & Br.) Sing.

Marasmiellus volvatus Sing. ex Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo albo-pallido, hygrophano, siccando albo,
fortiter sulcato ad marginem aquoseque virgato in
humidis, sub lente sulcis subtiliter ponticulis ser-
iceis velaribus obtectis, ceterum glabro et demum
ex toto glabrescente, margine initio subincurvato,
demum leniter recurvato, convexo, obtuso, haud
umbilicato, 10-23 mm lato. Lamellis albis, dis-
tantibus, vel subdistantibus, mediocriter latis,
paucis furcatis, aegre intervenosis, anguste adnexis
vel liberis. Stipite albo, sicco, nudo, aequali sed
ad basin bulbuloso, solido, insititio, 7-15 x 1-1.5
mm. Volva angusta, appressa, alba, parti superiori
bulbuli affixa. Carne alba, immutabili, subino-
dora.

Sporis (in typo paucis) 10.5-13 x 3.5-4 nm,
facile collabentibus, hyalinis, levibus, inamyloid-
eis. Hymenio: Basidiis 32-37 x 9-10.5 ^ni, cla-
vatis, pariete firma sed haud crassa instructis, te-
trasporis; basidiolis haud fusoideis. Cystidiis nulhs
sed sparsis elementis inconspicuis hyphosis, fila-
mentosis in hymenio visis. Cheilocystidiis nullis
vel filamentosis, inconspicuis, paucis, sed hyphis
ad ipsam marginem pilei projicientibus, sat la-
tiusculis. Hyphis fibulatis, inamyloideis. Epicute
pilei sublaxa sed haud gelatinosa, ex hyphis levi-
bus, omnibus repentibus, hyalinis efformata et ab
hypodermio vix differentiata, sed trama pilei ver-
sus magis filamentosis (superficiem versus usque
ad 14 nm inflatis). Strato velari hyphali, hyphis
angustis vel satis latis, inamyloideis, levibus.

Ad lignum emortuum arborum dicotyledonear-
um in silva arenosa tropicali typi campinaranae
gregatim,

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, near road Manaus-
Caracarai, km 125, 20 VII 1978, SingerB 11317
(inpa).

This species is remarkable because of the dis-
tinct volva. It is related to M. helminthocystis Sing.
and M. coilobasis (Berk.) Sing. It differs from M.
coilobasis in scarcely or not intervenose lamellae,
smaller spores, and absence of well developed cys-
tidia. If these characters were disregarded because
of (assumed) more juvenile states described for M.
volvatus, it must be recognized that the type of M

SINGER: NEW TAXA OF AGARICALES

37

coilobasis as well as all the other collections con-
sidered identical with it have no trace of a volva
(cf. Beih. Nova Hedwigia 44: 30-33. 1973). A de-
scription in German (no Latin) was published ear-
her(Singer, 1988).

Ad ramulos arborum dicotyledonearum delap-
sos putrescentes in silva secundaria.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, Manaus, 27 V 1977,
Singer B 9727 (f).

Hohenbuehelia amazonica Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo griseo, marginem versus sparse, basin ver-
sus dense albo-piloso, levi, haud viscido, forma
sua inter H. petaloidem et H. atrocaeruleam in-
termedio, ± 6 mm alto et lato. Lamellis albis, con-
fertis vel subconfertis, haud confertissimis, subtus
stipitem versus abrupto attenuatis, angustis. Stip-
ite ad latus sterile haud difFerentiato, ad latus fer-
tile albo, levi, concavo, brevissimo, cuneoliformi.
Carne bubalina vel alba, immutabili, inodora.

Sporis 7-7.5 x 3-3.3 nm (vel forsan majoribus
quod paucae visae), ellipsoideo-subcylindraceis vel
oblongo-subcylindraceis, levibus. Hymenio: Bas-
idiis 23.5-32 x 6.3-6.5 ^Lm, tetrasporis. Cystidiis
metuloideis 40-82 x 1 3-1 5.5 /im, fusoideis, in
tertia inferiore plerumque crassioribus et apicem
acutum versus gradatim attenuatis, ad apicem
sparse granuloso-crystallino-incrustatis, hyalinis
vel subhyalinis, pariete (1.3-) 3-5. 2 iim crassa in-
structis, numerosis nec densis. Cystidiis haud me-
tuloideis ±20 x 10.5 ^im, ad aciem et latera la-
mellarum paucis et sparsis, clavato-ventricosis,
apice rotundatis, haud incrustatis, pariete tenui vel
firma instructis. Cheilocystidiis 13-16.5 x 4.3-6
^m, ad aciem heteromorpham numerosissimis,
fuseoideis et acutis vel interdum mucronatis (mu-
crone interdum a corpore basali septo separato),
hyalinis, haud crasse tunicatis. Hyphis pilei tri-
stratosi in tramate fibulatis, strato subhypoder-
miaU gelatinoso ex hyphis laxe dispositis, primum
subverticaliter, dein oblique (45°) ascendentibus
hyalinis, tenui-filamentosis efformato et ± 325 yum
alto; strato intermedio ±35 nm alto, haud gela-
tinoso, pigmentato pigmento intraparietali et in-
crustante, sepiaceo-fuliginoso, hyphis haud ascen-
dentibus, tenuibus. Strato inferiore (= trama
proprium) 100-1 1 5 nm alto, hyahno, haud vel vix
gelatinoso, ex hyphis magis irregularibus et inter-
textis efformato. Epicute pilei e fasciculis erectis
hypharum "pila" pilei formantibus, hyalinis, pil-
iformibus 14-68 x 3.8-5.2 Mmefformata,hisnun-
quam crasse tunicatis, obtusis, ex hypodermio na-
tis. Hypodermio 1 5-30 nm alto, cutiformi, haud
gelatinoso, ex hyphis pigmentatis 2.2-4.2 ^m diam.
efformato; pigmento ei strati intermedii tramatis
identico.

This new neotropical species appears to belong
in the stirps Atrocaerulea (with H. atrocaerulea
(Fr.) Sing., both the large-spored typical forms as
well as the form described by Singer & Kuthan in
their key, Ceska Mykologie 34: 68. 1 980; H. grisea
(Peck) Sing.; H. portegna (Speg.) Sing.; H. phalli-
gera (Mont.) Sing.) and comes close to H. atro-
caerulea because of the incrusting pigment in the
hypodermium and the intermediate stratum of the
pileus trama, but differs in the absence of a to-
mentose-spongy tegument on the pileus.

Hohenbuehelia campinaranae Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo albo, ad basin et retrorsum plus minusve
grisello-fusco, glabro, sed retrorsum (in tertiis dua-
bus vel una a basi) leniter albo-hispido vel sub-
tiliter sericeo-fibrilloso, haud vel lenissime brev-
iter striatulo, convexo dein applanato, sicco
concavo, subconchiformi, usque ad 17 mm lato.
Lamellis cremeo-albis, confertis, angustis, angus-
tato-concurrentibus. Stipite vix evoluto, sed pileo
breviter horizontaliter protracto et a latere fertili
interdum visibili et tunc brevissimo et albido.
Carne alba, immutabili.

Sporis 7.5-8.5 x 3-3.5 nm, cylindraceis, rarius
oblongis, levibus, hyalinis, inamyloideis. Hymen-
io: Basidiis (15-)1 7.5-27.5 x 6-8 ^im, tetrasporis.
Cystidiis ad latera lamellarum omnibus metuloid-
eis, nonnuUis metuloideis etiam ad acies praesen-
tibus, 47-83 x 12-18 tim, pariete 4-6 nm crassa
instructis, rarissime magis tenuitunicatis, fuso-
ideis, acutis, ad apicem granulariter tenuiter in-
crustatis, hyalinis vel basin carpophori versus di-
lute fusco-bisis, moderatim numerosis, basi
interdum tenuitunicata et bulboso-inflata. Cheil-
ocystidiis 17-26 x 7.5-13.5/101, ventricosis,saepe
mucronatis. Hyphis fibulatis, inamyloideis. Tra-
mate pilei tri-stratoso, strato superiore subhypod-
ermiali gelatinoso 220-400 nm alta, ex hyphis lax-
is, filamentosis, 1-2 Mm diam., sub angulo 30-40°
ascendentibus efformato; strato intermedio ab-
sente in parte marginali, alto, ex hyphis hyalinis
haud pigmentatis, haud gelatinosis, diametro var-
iabili et ± refringentibus efformato. Epicute pilei
cutiformi, hyalina, ex hyphis filamentosis 0.7-2.5

38

FIELDIANA: BOTANY

fim diam. et diverticulatis (diverticulis versifor-
mibus et generatim distantibus vel irregularibus),
basin carpophori versus hyphas pilosas pauUum
differentiatas emittentibus, his 30-90 x 2-3.5 Mtn,
hyalinis, firme, haud crasse, tunicatis, ad apicem
subacutis vel obtusis, filamentosis, numerosis.
Hypodermio 15-20 ntn alto, ex hyphis filamen-
tosis, levibus, haud gelatinosis, hyalinis vel (prae-
sertim in parte basi approximata) fuscidulo-bisis
sed vix incrustatis efformato.

Ad Chrysobalanacearum truncos stantes, emor-
tuas in silva arenosa typi campinaranae.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, near road Manaus-
Caracarai, km 125, 20 VII 1978, SingerB 11327
(inpa).

This species is close to H. paraguayensis (Speg.)
Sing. but has longer spores, larger cheilocystidia,
different dermatocystidia, and no endocystidia.

Hohenbuehelia culmicola Sing., spec. nov.

inferius (tramate pilei proprio) 10-65 ^im alto, ex
hyphis parallelis vel subparallelis, haud gelatinos-
is, tenuiter vel firme tunicatis, pallide fuscidulis
vel melleo-hyalinis (KOH) efformato; strato in-
feriore 210-260 fim alta, haud pigmentato, haud
gelatinoso ex hyphis firme vel leniter crassiucule
tunicatis, subparallelis, radialiter dispositis effor-
mato. Epicute pilei ex hyphis agglutinatis 3-3.7
lim latis, hyalinis, erectis efformata; inter eas der-
matocystidiis cheilocystidiis similibus, 18-20 x
2-4.5 nm, hyalinis, anguste ampullaceis, saepe
capitatis praesentibus. Hypodermio cutiformi sed
ex hyphis intertextis, haud gelatinosis, melleis vel
griseolis (KOH) efformato, pigmento granulariter
incrustante. Endocystidiis nullis.

Ad culmos Chusqueae emortuos in silva tro-
picali vel subtropicali elevata, gregatim.

Typus— Colombia, Salto de Tequendama, 25
VII 1960, SingerB 3503d{BAFc). Additional col-
lection: Argentina, Tucuman, Yerba Buena in sub-
tropical basal forest, 4 XI 1950, Singer T 1006
(lil).

Pileo primum griseo, demum argillaceo ("clay"
M&P) ochro-brunneo v. fusco ("centennial Br,"
"olive wood" M&P), sordide griseolo-pallido-to-
mentoso (tomento rudi, spongioso, molli retror-
sum, sed gradatim tenuiore marginem subglabrum
versus), levi, ad marginem haud manifeste pellu-
cide striatulo, chonchiformi, in siccis 2-20 mm
lato. Lamellis confertis, non confertissimis, nec
subconfertis, angustis, marginem versus modera-
tim latis, acie integris, haud intervenosis, cremeis
siccando cremeo-flavis, decurrentibus usque ad
zonam glabram, levem, basalem. Stipite vero nul-
lo. Carne tenui.

Sporis (6-)7-9 x (3_)4_4.8 ^m, ellipsoideis, raro
oblongis frontaliter visis et leniter allantoideis la-
teraliter, levibus, hyalinis, inamyloideis. Hymen-
io: Basidiis 15-25 x (5-)6-8 nm. Metuloideis 35-
80 X 9.5-24.5 iim, fusoideis, acutis, crystallino-
incrustatis ad apicem, pariete 3.5-8 nm crassa,
lutea vel mellea instructis, in juvenilibus tantum
parietibus tenuioribus, numerosis. Cheilocystidiis
16-20 X 2-4.5 ^m, raro majoribus (transitionibus
metuloideis versus), numerosis, ventricosis, ple-
rumque apice effilatis (0.5 nm diam.) et capitatis
(capitulo inconstante, 2-4 /im diam.). Hyphis fi-
bulatis, inamyloideis. Strato subhypodermiali, ge-
latinoso 230-240 jum alto, ex hyphis laxe et sub-
parallele dispositis, 0.5-2 fim diam., ascendentibus
(± 30°) efformato; strato intermedio supra stratum

Hohenbuehelia delasotae Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo pallide griseolo-alutaceo vel cremeo, pal-
lidiore ad marginem, glabro vel subglabro, con-
chiformi et spathulato, 18-37 mm longo, nonnihil
minus lato. Lamellis alutaceo-pallidis vel dilute
cremeis, confertissimis, angustis, ad stipitem de-
currentibus. Stipite e latere sterili a pilei superficie
haud discemibili sed ruditer tomentoso, ad latus
lamellarum albido, levi, subglabro, usque ad 5 x
2 mm. Carne albida, siccando fragilissima, ino-
dora.

Sporis 5-6.7 x 3-4.5 iim, versiformibus, ple-
rumque ellipsoideis, hyalinis vel intus in ammon-
iaco subflavidulis, levibus, inamyloideis. Hymen-
io: Basidiis ± 22 x 5.8 /xm, tetrasporis. Metuloideis
36-73 X 10-21 nm, paucis (prope acies lamellar-
um) 20 X 5 Atm, plerumque fusoideis, acutis, crys-
talline incrustatis (interdum tenuiter), pariete cras-
sa (2.5-5 /xm), straminea, mellea, melleo-pallida,
numerosis vel moderatim numerosis. Cheilocys-
tidiis lecythiformibus, tenuitunicatis, numerosis,
e. gr. 25 x 4.5 nm, sub capitulo ± 1 fim diam.,
capitulo ± 3 fim diam. Hyphis fibulatis, inamy-
loideis. Strato subhypodermiali gelatinoso hyali-
no, 20-30 nm alto tantum, ex hyphis hyalinis,
horizontalibus vel leniter ascendentibus efforma-
to. Tramate pilei proprio 100-150 nm alto, ex

SINGER: NEW TAXA OF AGARICALES

39

hyphis filamentosis, radiatim dispositis, vix vel
paullum pigmentatis, haud gelatinosis efFormato.
Epicute pllei ad marginem pilei vix evoluta. Hy-
podermio cutiformi, haud gelatinoso, ± 15 nm
alto, nonnihil pigmentato sed pigmento haud in-
crustante.

Ad lignum emortuum arborum dicotyledonear-
um in silvis subtropicali-montanis et tropicali-
montanis.

Typus— Argentina, Tucuman, Quebrada de los
Sosas, 18 XII 1948, Singer & Digilio T16 (lil, as
H. angustata (Berk.) Sing., cf. Singer «&. Digilio,
Lilloa 25: 110. 1953). Additional collection: Bo-
livia, La Paz, Nor-Yungas, Charobamba, 30 1 1 956,
leg. Singer & E. R. de la Sota, Singer B 701 (f).

This species, formerly erroneously united with
H. angustata, has larger spores than the latter, but
smaller spores than H. izonetae Sing. The latter
and H. abietina Sing. «fe Kuthan are related, but
differ in the depth of the gelatinized zone (shal-
lower in H. delasotae), and somewhat less crowded
lamellae. The habitat (in tropical-montane forest
on dicotyledonous wood) is also different from
that of H. izonetae and H. abietina.

Hohenbuehelia espeletiae Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo olivaceofusco, demum pallide flavobrun-
neo, pilis hyalinis hirsuto, minus dense piloso
marginem versus, margine initio involuto, ± vis-
cido, conico-convexo, circumferentia ± renifor-
mi, demum retrorsum concavo, 1 5-40 mm lato.
Lamellis griseolo-albidis (YR 8/3, Mu), demum
forsan leniter flavescentibus, confertis, decurren-
tibus. Stipite nullo vel subnullo. Carne haud alba,
odore saporeque subinamoenis.

Sporis(5.5-)6-8 x 3.5-4.3(-5)Mrri, ellipsoideis,
nonnullis subreniformibus lateraliter visis, levi-
bus, hyalinis, inamyloideis. Hymenio: Basidiis
22.5-27.5 X 4.8-6 /im, tetrasporis. Metuloideis
50-86 X 10-21 Mm,numerosissimisadaciemlate-
raque lamellarum, fusoideis, acutis, fortiter crys-
tallis hyalinis in tertia superiore incrustatis et mu-
cronatis, pariete subhyalina vel mellea, ± stratosa,
crassa (1.5-7.5 ^im diam.) instructis. Cheilocysti-
diis 1 7-29 x 4-8 nm, fusiformibus vel ampulla-
ceis vel lecythiformibus, capitulo 1.5-2 nm diam.,
fibula basali et incrustatione resinacea tenui gau-
dente. Hyphis fibulatis, inamyloideis. Strato sub-
hypodermiali gelatinoso 150-500, plerumque
± 300 nm alta, ex hyphis moderatim vel fortiter

gelatinosis et leniter ascendentibus vel subhori-
zontalibus, filamentosis effbrmato; strato inter-
medio nullo; strato inferiore (tramate pilei pro-
prio) subhyalino vel hyphis fuscidulis intermixtis,
haud gelatinoso vel vix gelatinascente, 200-500
^m alto, in zona supralamellari ex hyphis hyalinis
magis parallelis, radialiter dispositis effbrmata.
Epicute pilei ex hyphis intertextis recurvato-re-
flexis vel erectis, fasciculatis, hyalinis, 150 x 2.5-
3 nm, haud gelatinosis pilorum effbrmata; der-
matocystidiis nullis. Hypodermio tenui, pigmen-
tato (fuscidulo) sed haud incrustato, demum ob-
soleto vel gelatinascente.

Ad Espeletiam hartwegianam Sch. Bip. ex Wedd.
(var. centroandinam, etiam Festuca, Calamagros-
tis adsunt) in zona alpina (Paramo) gregatim.

Typus— Colombia, Tolima, Mun. Santa Isabel,
Valle Rio Totarito, margen izquierda de la Que-
brada Africa, alt. 3900 m, 6 II 1980, Boekhout 589
(medel). Additional coUection: Ibid., Boekhout
59 3 a (f), apparently an old stage of the same
species, but here the lamellae described as yellow-
ish (10 YR 3/4, Mu).

The host and habitat in general are characteristic
of this species. Otherwise it may be identical with
H. barbatula (Berk. & Curt.) Dennis but hardly
with the type or with Pegler's interpretation of the
type (Kew Bull., Add ser. IX: 234. 1983) which
has much more elongated spores. Resupinatus sub-
barbatulus Murr. and Pleurotus barbatulus (Berk.
& Curt.) Sacc. have distant or "rather distant"
white lamellae and differ in habitat.

Hohenbuehelia hydrogeton Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo sordide brunneo margine cremeo-albido,
rarius concolori, levi, rarius ad marginem sulcato,
macroscopice subglabro vel subtiliter velutino, sub ■
lente vellereo, praesertim retrorsum, viscido, con-
chato sed retrorsum stipitiformiter extenso, sed
haud vere stipitato, 7-32 mm lato. Lamellis al-
bidis dein pallide cremeis, confertis, interdum
subconfertis, angustis, decurrentibus. Stipite nullo
vel subnullo. Carne inodora.

Sporis(5.5-)6-9 x 2.5-5 Mm, plerumque 6.5 x
3.5 nm (in typo paucis), ellipsoideis, levibus, hy-
alinis, inamyloideis. Hymenio: Basidiis 16-23 x
4-6.5 nm, tetrasporis. Metuloideis (17-)30-85 x
(6.5-)7.5-14.5 nm, fusoideis, apice acutis, pariete
primum melleo-subhyalina et tenuiter crystalline
incrustata, dein crassa (1.5-5.5 tim), magis man-

40

FIELDIANA: BOTANY

ifeste granuloso-muricata ad apicem, mellea in-
structis, apicem et basin versus tenuitunicatis.
Cheilocystidiis 10-23 x 3-7.5 nm, plerumque fu-
soideis, uno vel duobus appendiculis tenuibus ap-
icalibus omatis, tenuitunicatis, appendiculis 4-5
fim projicientibus, ad apices suos incrustatione re-
sinosa globosa frequenter capitatis. Hyphis fibu-
latis, inamyloideis. Strato subhypodermiali, ge-
latinoso 30-60 nm alto (altiore in medio, minus
alto ad marginem pilei), hyalino, ex hyphis fila-
mentosis, horizontalibus vel leniter ascendentibus
efformato; strato intermedio nullo; strato inferiore
(trama pilei proprium) 40-80 nm alto, numquam
minus aUo quam stratum gelatinosum, hyahno,
rarius subhyalino; pigmento vix visibili, haud in-
crustante. Epicute pilei ex hyphis 25-100 x 3-5
^m, pila pilei formantibus efformata, hyphis ± er-
ectis, plerumque ad apicem attenuatis, obtusis,
tenuiter (0.3 nm) hyalino-vel subhyalino-tunica-
tis, confertissime aggregatis, ex hypodermio natis.
Hypodermio pertenui, subhyalino vel pallidissime
fuscidulo sed pigmento haud incrustato.

Ad arbores dicotyledoneas in silva inundabili
aquae albae (varzea), gregatim.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, Ilha Marchantaria,
1 VII 1981, Singer B 12213 (f).

A further collection (Singer B 11467) is inter-
mediate between this and the following species
since it shows a deeper gelatinous zone and grows
in igapo vegetation. This may be a variety of either
species or a closely related species.

crasse tunicatis in parte media et superiore (1-3.5
nm diam.), 35-73 x 1 1-18 nm, fusoideis aut su-
bampuUaceis, his obtusis rarisque, illis subacutis
vel subobtusatis et frequentibus, haud muricatis
crystallisnotabilibus. Cheilocystidiis 21-27 x 4.5-
7.5 ^m, anguste ventricosis, tenuiter vel firme nec
crasse tunicatis, frequenter mucronatis et resina-
ceo-incrustatis ad apicem, rarius apice rotundatis
et haud incrustatis. Hyphis plerumque tenuitun-
icatis, fibulatis, intertextis, frequenterdilatatis, sed
in hymenopodio subparallelis et tenuioribus, in-
amyloideis; strato superiore subhypodermiali ge-
latinoso 20-40 nm alto, hyalino, ex hyphis hori-
zontalibus, 1.8-3.5 fim latis efformato. Strato
intermedio nullo. Strato inferiore (trama pro-
prium) altiore quam stratum gelatinosum, hyalin-
um, ex hyphis latioribus (quam in strato gelati-
noso) efformato. Epicute pilei e dermatocystidiis
triformibus efformata: (1) dermatometuloideis, e.
gr. 23 X 15 ^m, crasse (1.5-2 ^m) tunicatis, spar-
sis; (2) dermatocystidiis haud metuloideis, cylin-
draceis vel clavatis, 15-35 x 4-6 /im, tenuituni-
catis, hyalinis; (3) dermatocystidiis haud
metuloideis, ampullaceis, apice 3-4.3 fim diam.,
saepe profunde insertis in hypodermio. Hypod-
ermio cutiformi, haud gelatinoso, ex hyphis ± 2
^m diam. in parte superficiali, 3-10 fim diam. in
parte inferiore efformato, 20-35 fim alto.

Ad lignum dicotyledoneum in silva inundabili
aquae nigrae (igapo), gregatim.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, Igarape do Taru-
mazinho, 13 III 1983, Singer B 12424 (f).

Hohenbuehelia izonetae Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo brunneolo vel brunneolo-pallido, pallid-
iore ad marginem, in maturis pellucide striato,
macroscopice glabro, sub lente subtiliter pubes-
cente vel pruinato, neque viscido neque hygro-
phano sed vetustis siccando pallidioribus, con-
vexo, dein irregulariter applanato vel demum
concavo, 16-41 mm lato. Lamellis albidis, de-
mum alutaceo-pallidis, confertis, rarius subcon-
fertis, angustis, decurrentibus. Stipite albo vel al-
bido, ascendente, minuto, de latere sterili haud
discemibili, sed bene diffentiato sub lamellis. Carne
alba vel albida, immutabili, inodora.

Sporis 6-8.3(-9) x 3-5.5 fxm, plerumque ± 7-
8 /um longis, ellipsoideis, levibus, hyalinis, ina-
myloideis. Hymenio: Basidiis 25-28 x 7-8 fim,
rarius usque ad 33 fim longis, tetrasporis. Metu-
loideis primum tenui- et hyalino-tunicatis, mox

This species can be distinguished from related
forms by a thin (20-40 ^m deep) gelatinous zone,
trimorphic dermatocystidia, and the habitat. The
following descriptive data refer to the nemato-
phagous asexual state of Hohenbuehelia izonetae.
Forma imperfecta a cl. G. Thom e collectione typo
isolata secundum Thom (in litt.) ad Nematocton-
um pachysporum (Nematoctonus pachysporus
Drechsler, Wash. Acad. Sci. 33: 185. 1943) per-
tinet. Gratiam habeo cl. Thom qui descriptionem
formae anamorphae Hohenbueheliae izonetae se-
quentem amabiliter communicavit: Hyphis assi-
milativis 1.5-3.5 fim diam., hyalinis, defibulatis;
hyphis fertilibus (l-)1.5-2.5(-3) fim, diam., hy-
alinis, defibulatis. Nodis adhaesivis praedatorii
nullis. Epigris(pegs) conidiogenis simplicibus,
truncato-conicis, 1-3 x 1.5-2 (ad apicem 0.6-1)
fim. Aleuriosporis pallide flavidis, subtiliter vel
ruditer verrucosis, ovoideis vel subglobosis,
(8.5-) 10-1 3 X (5.5-)6-8 fim. Conidiis hyalinis,

SINGER: NEW TAXA OF AGARICALES

41

fusiformibus,levibus(13-)14-17.5(-19) x (3-)3.2-
4.8(-5.2) ^m, germinatione tubum germinativum
attenuatum, cellula clepsydromorpha apici super-
imposita instructis, hac 3.5-4.5 x (1.2-) 1.5-1. 8
nm, demum circumdata guttula mucoidea, tubo
germinativo frequenter sympodialiter continuato,
unum vel duo nodos additionales formante. Cul-
tura: Gregg Thorn T-74 (OAC).

Nematoctonus pachysporus T-74 is considered
a sectoring of the original culture and not different
from the type of the form species Nematoctonus
pachysporus Drechsler from which it differs only
in the absence of clamp connections. The species
of Nematoctonus are all nematode capturing and
digesting fungi, including our form pertaining to
H. izonetae. This as well as other Nematoctoni are
apparently cumulative form species whereby one
anamorph binomial may correspond to several
species of Hohenbuehelia or where in aberrant eco-
logical conditions the teleomorph may not be pro-
duced.

colous and has a gelatinous zone 40-75 nm deep
and broader cheilocystidia. Agaricus anomalus
Pers. (Obs. Myc. 1: 55, pl. 4, fig. 1-2. 1796) may
belong here, but Fries accepts the epithet spathu-
latus as variety in 1821 and describes a different
species (a Cortinarius) under Agaricus anomalus.

Hohenbuehelia tenuissima (Schwein.) Sing., comb.
nov.

^ASiONYM—Agaricus tenuissimus Schwein., Acta
Soc. Nat. Scrut. Lips. 1 : 90. 1 822 non Jungh. (Pilat
erronee scripsit "tenerrimus").

It differs from H. angustata (Berk.) Sing. in less
deep (10-50 iim) gelatinous zone and always very
diluted pigments in the cuticle. It sometimes shows
nonpetaloid habit and can then be recognized by
the small spores and the shallow gelatinous zone.

Hohenbuehelia microspora (Speg.) Sing., comb.
nov.

Basionym— P/ewro/M5 portegnus var. micros-
porus Speg., An. Mus. Nac. B. A. S (ser. 3, v. 1):
50. 1932.

Differs from H. portegna (Speg.) Sing. in smaller
spores (6.5-8.2 x 3.7-4.5 nm), from H. grisea
(Peck) Sing. in less deep infrahypodermial gelati-
nous zone (200-250 nm deep); and from both in
hosts and area of distribution. H. atrocaerulea, a
European species, differs in the hairs of the pileus
and the intermediate stratum of the pileus trama
being pigmented intraparietally but never showing
any dark incrustation, also in slightly larger spores,
deeper hypodermium, and habitat.

Hohenbuehelia spathulata (Pers. ex Purton) Sing.,
comb. nov.

BASiotfYM—Agaricus spathulatus Pers., Syn. p.
479. 1 80 1 ex (Purton, App. Midl. Fl. p. 430. 1821).

It differs from H. geogenia (D.C. ex Fr.) Sing.
in less deep gelatinous zone (70-140 nm), some-
what shorter spores (5.5-6.5 x 3-4.5 nm), the
macroscopically thinly white tomentose, not gla-
brous pileus. H. petaloides (Bull. ex Fr.) Schulz.
has, as H. spathulata, endocystidia, but is ligni-

Hohenbuehelia tropicalis Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo pallide alutaceo, macroscopice glabro, sub
lente nonnihil pruinato, convexo, circumferentia
subcirculari sed retrorsum stipitiformiter extenu-
ato, haud striato, 7-38 mm lato. Lameilis sub-
concoloribus, confertis vel confertissimis, angus-
tissimis, decurrentibus. Stipite vero nullo sed e
latere fertili sub lamellis zona levi, parva visibili,
e latere sterili haud differentiata. Carne vitrea, sub-
concolori vel subhyalina, odore haud notabili.

Sporis 8-9.5 x 3-5.5 nm, ellipsoideis, subtus
acuminatis, levibus, hyalinis, inamyloideis. Hy-
menio: Basidiis 26 x 6-6.5 (xm, tetrasporis. Me-
tuloideis moderatim numerosis, magnis, (36-)47-
105 X (1 2-) 1 6-33 nm, quantum propinquius aciei
lamellarum, tantum minoribus, fusoideis apice
acutis vel subacutis, pariete sursum incrassata (ita
ut apex plerumque solidus evadit), basin versus
attenuata, mellea, ad apicem tenuiter crystalline
incrustata instructis. Cheilocystidiis ventricosis,
14-18.5 X 4-11 ^ni, ad apicem rotundato-obtusis,
rarius quodammodo appendiculatis, sed appen-
diculis numquam duobus vel compluribus, pariete
tenui, hyalina instructis. Hyphis fibulatis, ina-
myloideis. Strato supero subhypodermiali pilei ge-
latinoso, 100-130 (im alto, ex hyphis moderatim
tantum gelatinisatis, et nonnullis non gelatinisatis,
omnibus horizontalibus et hyalinis efformato;
strato intermedio pigmentato, haud gelatinoso,
± 40-70 fim alto, pigmento haud incrustante;
strato inferiore e zona supralamellari tantum ef-

42

HELDIANA: BOTANY

formato, a strato intermedio gradatim neque
abrupte delimitato, ex hyphis subparallelis hyahn-
is efformato et pro ratione haud alto. Epicute pilei
e piUs partim densis, hyahnis, ± 40 x 6 fim, ex
hypodermio natis efformata. Hypodermio in zona
superiore hyahno vel melleo-hyahno, in zona in-
feriore dilute melleo, ex hyphis haud gelatinosis,
pigmento haud incrustatis efformato, 20-30 mhi
alto.

Ad hgnum emortuum dicotyledoneum in silva
typi terrae firmae.

Typus— Brazil, 30 km N of Manaus ("em-
BRAPA"), 3 IV 1978, Singer B 10897 (inpa).

In this species, the edge of the lamellae is het-
eromorphous whereas in the closely related H.
campinaranae Sing., the edge is subheteromor-
phous; also in the latter the spores are less elon-
gated and the habitat is different. Hohenbuehelia
hydrogeton Sing. has smaller spores and less than
90 nm deep gelatinous zone.

Stigmatolemma hyalinum Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo cupuhformi, vitreo-hyahno, levi, glabro,
convexo, sessiU, subcentrahter affixo, 0.5-1 mm
lato. Lamellis nullis, superficie hymeniali levi, alba,
concava. Stipite nullo. Carne tenui, vitreo-hyali-
na.

Sporis 6-6.5 x 3.3-4 /xm, ellipsoideis, levibus
hyalinis. Hymenio: Basidiis 18-24.5 x 6-6.5 nm,
tetrasporis; basidiolis haud fusoideis. Cystidiis
nullis. Hyphis tramatis laxe dispositis, gelatinosis,
tenuifilamentosis, tenuitunicatis, hyalinis, fibula-
tis, 1-2 nm diam., effilato-liberis ad marginem cu-
pulae. Subhymenio minus vel haud gelatinoso, ex
elementis nonnihil elongatis, ± 3 tim latis, hy-
alinis, subintertextis efformato. Epicute paullum
evoluta.

Ad corticem arborum dicotyledonearum gre-
gatim sed haud poriformiter aggregate crescens.

TYPUS-Brazil, 30 km N of Manaus, 30 I 1978,
Singer B 10565 (inpa).

Oudemansiella glutinosa Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo umbrino, per medium radium sulcato, gla-
bro, sub pluviis glutinoso, convexo, centro de-
presso, papilla exigua in depressione ± evoluta
centrali omato, ± 1 6 mm lato. Lamellis albis, sed

ad aciem aurantio-ochraceis, subdistantibus, ven-
tricosis, anguste adnexis. Stipite albo, macro-
scopice glabro vel subglabro, viscido, cavo, ae-
quali, ± 60 X 1 mm. Carne alba vel fuscidula,
inodora.

Sporis (omamentatione inclusa) 14-16.5 x 12-
14 nm, subglobosis, echinatis, hyalinis, pariete
crassiuscula et spinis 2-3 nm longis praeditis, in-
amyloideis. Hymenio: Basidiis 40-52 x 17-18 mhi,
(2-)4-sporis. Cystidiis 50-90 x 30-37 nm, ven-
tricosis, apice angustatis sed late rotundatis, hy-
alinis. Cheilocystidiis 36-80 x 10-18 nm, clava-
tis, interdum centro constrictis vel apicem versus
constrictis, et tunc subutriformibus, rarius ventri-
cosis, plemmque bmnneo-fulvo-incmstatis in-
cmstatione mdi. Hyphis fibulatis; tramate pilei
subtus fuscidulo-sepiaceo, in strato subhypoder-
miali gelatinoso 30-55 yim alto, ex hyphis anguste
filamentosis efformato, hyalino, inamyloideo. Ep-
icute pilei tenui, subhymeniformi, ex elementis
erectis vel prostratis clavatis, cheilocystidiis sim-
ilibus sed omnibus hyalinis e tramate vel hypod-
ermio tenuissimo, cutiformi, subhyalino, inter-
mittente natis, 18-45 x 5-12 ^ni efformata.
Tegumento stipitis ex hyphis subparallelis vel
parallelis corticis natis, supra corticem stratum ge-
latinosum plemmque verticalium hyphamm for-
mantibus et cellulis terminalibus interdum cysti-
diformibus, his dermatocystidiis eis pilei similibus
sed magis versiformibus et sparsis aut fasciculatim
conglobatis, hyalinis.

Ad terram in silva primaria litorali tropicali.

Typus— Colombia, Valle, Buenaventura, San
Joaquin, 22 IV 1968, Singer B 6287 (f).

This species can easily be separated from other
echinosporous species of subg. Oudemansiella be-
cause of the gelatinized zones of both pileus and
stipe.

Oudemansiella linicolor Grinling ex Sing., spec.
nov.

Pileo caemleo (489/479 Seguy), pallescente us-
que ad Seguy 480, glabro, haud vel vix glutinoso,
pellucide striato, pellicula haud vel vix separabili,
convexo dein applanato vel depresso, usque ad 90
mm lato. Lamellis albis, distantibus (16-18 la-
mellis percurrentibus), usque ad 1 1 mm latis, acie
undulata sed haud sermlata praeditis, adnatis, fre-
quenter dente decurrente. Stipite albo, basin ver-
sus leniter bmnnescente, fibrilluloso-sericeo, so-

SINGER: NEW TAXA OF AGARICALES

43

lido, frequenter excentrico, 35—42 x 4-5 mm, et
aequali, sed frequenter basin interdum subincras-
satam versus attenuato (et tunc basi ± 3 mm lata),
plerumque curvato. Carne alba, in stipite fibroso-
tenaci sed in pileo succosa, sapore haud notabili;
odore subphenolico.

Sporis 1 9-22 x 1 7-20 nm, subglobosis, pariete
crassiuscula instructis, levibus, sed intus granu-
losis, hyalinis, inamyloideis, in massa supra la-
mellas albis. Hymenio: Basidiis 36-60 x 13-15
^m, tetrasporis. Cystidiis e. gr. 95 x 15 nm, cy-
lindraceo-subutriformibus, hyalinis, crassiuscule
tunicatis. Cheilocystidiis usque ad 195 x 25 fim,
subfusiformi-subampullaceis, hyalinis, tenuituni-
catis. Hyphis fibulatis, inamyloideis. Epicute sub-
hymeniformi, ex elementis obpiriformibus, ob-
tusis vel clavatis pigmento vacuolari repletis et
dermatocystidiis usque ad 150 /nm longis cystidiis
vel cheilocystidiis hymenialibus similibus effor-
mata.

Ad ligna in silva tropicali.

Typus— Republique du Congo, (Brazzaville),
Foret de Mandiele, Plateau de Bateke, leg. Corl.
Bouquet 1968, Grinling 71201 (f).

The color of flax {Linum usitatissimum Linn.)
flowers diflerentiates this species from all others
of subg. Oudemansiella where it appears to be close
lo O. canarii (Jungh.) Hohnel.

Oudemansiella subnigra Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo nigro vel subnigro, velutino, sicco, levi,
campanulato-convexo, obtuso, 27-28 mm lato.
Lamellis albidis acie subnigris, siccis flavidis et
sub lente fulvo-maculatis, confertis, sat latis, ad-
nexis. Stipite griseo (7 A 9 vel "log cabin" M&P),
subtiliter albo-piloso, manifeste piloso sub lente,
e basi apicem versus leniter attenuato et subtus in
pseudorhizam acutam producto, 50-55 x 6.5 mm,
ad apicem ± 3 mm diam. Pseudorhiza alba, brevi.
Carne alba, inodora.

Sporis 1 0.5-1 2 x 6.8-8.5 tim, ellipsoideis, lev-
ibus, inamyloideis, hyalinis in ammoniaco. Hy-
menio: Basidiis 31-50 x 12.5-17 yim, tetrasporis.
Cystidiis65-I20 x 16-33 ^m, ventricosisvelam-
pullaceis vel ventricoso-subcapitatis (et tunc cys-
tidia Gloiocephalarum in mentem revocantibus),
totis hyalinis et tenuiter vel firme tunicatis, sed
incrustatione resinacea, hyalina et insuper fulva,
hac facile dissolubili, obtectis. Cheilocystidiis 40-

51 X 8-16 ^im, clavatis, rarius fusoideo-ventri-
cosis, pigmento vacuolari pallide fulvo vel fusco
repletis, apice rotundato-obtusis, pariete et con-
tentu hyalinis. Hyphis haud gelatinosis, fibulatis,
inamyloideis. Tramate hymenophorali regulari.
Epicute pilei hymeniformi, ex elementis 44-48 x
12-16 ^.m pigmento vacuolari fusco repletis et der-
matocystidiis 70-75 x 25-35 /xm, conspicuis, late
fusoideis et apice anguste sed subobtuse vel obtuse
mucronatis, in parte inferiore vel ex integro pig-
mento vacuolari fusco effbrmata. Hypodermio cu-
tiformi, hyphis in parte superiore hypodermii pig-
mento vacuolari fuscidulo repletis, in parte
inferiore hyalinis vel subhyalinis. Tegumento stip-
itis e dermatocystidiis e. gr. 60 x 10 ^im, tenui-
tunicatis, hyalinis vel fusco-pigmentatis, ventri-
cosis, rarius fusoideis et obtusis.

Ad terram, possibiliter in ligno immerso radi-
cans, in silva typi terrae firmae flumini proxima.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, Ponta Negra, 1 8 XII
1977, Singer B 10350 (inpa).

Oudemansiella nigra Dorfelt is similar in colors
but smaller, with close lamellae and longer cysti-
dia.

Mycenella polylepidis Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo griseo, glabro, sulcato, convexo, subum-
bonato vel umbone umbilicato praedito, ± 9 mm
lato. Lamellis albis, subdistantibus, haud ventri-
cosis, primum subascendentibus, dein magis hor-
izontalibus, haud ventricosis, adnatis. Stipite ap-
icem versus pallido, basin versus griseo, pruinoso,
apice excepto glabrescente, aequali, ± 40 x 1 mm.
Carne tenui, inodora.

Sporis 6.5-7(-8) x 5-6.2(-6.5)Mm, maturis(cum
tota pariete) 3-6-excrescentiis breviter dactylo-
morphis vel veruciformibus omatis, his 1-2 ixm
projicientibus et obtusis, totis inamyloideis, ten-
uitunicatis. Hymenio: Basidiis 1 9-2 1 x 6 /im, bis-
pKjris. Cystidiisnumerosissimis, 31-68 x 8-14 /um,
metuloideis, crassitunicatis, praesertim in parte
ventricosa, pariete 1-3 ^im crassa, haud incrustata,
inamyloideis, ammoniaci ope hyalinis, fusoideo-
ampullaceis, ad apicem longe attenuatis et 1-2.7
/im crassis, apice subacutis vel subobtusis. Hyphis
filamentosis, nonnullis inflatis, sed haud Mycenae
modo, haud gelatinosis, fibulatis, sed nonnullis
septis simplicibus notatis, hyalinis, tenuitunicatis,
in stipite parallelis, inamyloideis. Tramate hy-

44

HELDIANA: BOTANY

menophorali regulari et hyphis intertextis effor-
mato. Epicute pilei cutiformi, hyphis diverticu-
latis hyahnis; dermatocystidiis inconspicuis, e. gr.
12 X 7.5 Mm, etiam diverticulatis, diverticulis sat
densis, usque ad 6 nm projicientibus; dermato-
cystidiis metuloideis nullis. Tegumento stipitis e
dermatocystidiis cystidiis hymenialibus similUmis
hyalinis, sed pariete usque ad 1 fim crassa gau-
dentibus, haud incrustatis, 35-60 x 4-12 nm ef-
formato.

Ad humum lignosum in silva Polylepidum (P.
australis Bitter) inter muscos.

Typus— Argentina, Jujuy, Lagunas de Yala, 16
II 1966, Singer T 5203 (bafc).

l

Marasmius*

Sect. Marasmius

Marasmius albidomurinus Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo albido-murino, in vegetis junioribus sub-
albido, in vegetis et siccis centro atrobrunneo vel
fuligineo maculato, ceterum siccando argillaceo-
subereo, sulcato, convexo, centro depresso vel um-
bilicato, haud papillato, 1.5-2 mm lato. Lamellis
albis acie et collario albo, sat latis, 9-12 lamellis
percurrentibus, lamellulis nullis. Stipite subnigro
apice primum albo vel pallido, glabro, insititio, 6
X 0.2 mm.

Sporis (4.5-)5.5-6.2 x 2.3-2.5 nm, plerumque
6 X 2.5 nm, oblongis, levibus, hyalinis, inamy-
loideis. Hymenio: Basidiis 13x4 ^m, tetrasporis.
Cystidiis nullis. Cheilocystidiis elementis epicutis
simillimis. Hyphis fibulatis, in pileo inamyloideis
vel vix pseudoamyloideis. Epicute pilei hymeni-
formi, elementis 15-31 x 6-16 nm, setulis 0.5-
2.5 X 0.5-1 )ttm, divergentibus typi Rotalis obsitis,
ex toto hyalinis.

Ad folia dicotyledonea delapsa in silva typi ter-
rae firmae tropicali, pluviali.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, 30 km N of Manaus
("EMBRAPA"), 20 II 1978, Singer B 10670 (inpa).
In "igapo" occurs a similar form with ellipsoid
spores; Igarape do Tarumazinho, 1 4 V 1 980, Sing-
er B 12166 (inpa).

* The species of each section are enumerated sepa-

rately.

Marasmius bathomphalus Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo dilute sordideque cinnamomeo vel rubi-
do-brunneo, sicco subferrugineo-cinnamomeo vel
cinnamomeo, macula nigra minuta zona alba vel
pallida circumdata in umbilico omato, glabro, sul-
cato, semigloboso-convexo, umbilico centrali pro-
fundo et angusto praedito, ± 2 mm lato. Lamellis
albis acie alba et collario albo, siccando plus min-
usve sordidescentibus, distantibus (8-9 lamellis
percurrentibus), latis. Stipite subnigro, glabro, in-
sititio, 10-14 X 0.1 mm.

Sporis8-12 x 3.5-4.5 Mm, plerumque 8.5-10.5
X 3.7-4 iim, fusoideis, ad apicem obtusis, hyalin-
is, inamyloideis. Hymenio: Basidiis 15 x 5.5 ^m,
tetrasporis; basidiolis fusoideis. Cystidiis nullis.
Cheilocystidiis cellulis epicutis simillimis. Hyphis
intertextis in pileo, nonnullis inamyloideis, aliis
leniter pseudoamyloideis, in apice stipitis ± par-
allelis et magis manifeste pseudoamyloideis, fi-
bulatis. Epicute pilei subhymeniformi, ex elemen-
tis ex integro setulis 0.5-2.7 x 0.5-1 .3 iim obtectis
typiRotalis, 25-35(-55) x 1 0-29(^2) Mm,hyphis
elongatis nonnullis etiam setuligeris intermixtis,
pariete 0.2-1 ^im crassa, subhyalina, inamyloidea,
setulis ochraceobrunneis (KOH).

Ad folia dicotyledonea delapsa in silva typi ter-
rae firmae.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, 30 km N of Manaus,
("EMBRAPA"), 9 II 1978, Singer B 10646 (inpa).

Marasmius brachysporus Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo primum albo, zona grisea circum macu-
lam centralem atrogriseum vel fuligineam mani-
festa, dein albido-pallido circum umbonem gri-
seum semiglobatum, siccando frequenter argillaceo
ex toto, sulcato, primum conico-papillato, dein
convexo et circa umbonem plus minusve applan-
ato, 0.5-1.5 mm lato. Lamellis albis, acie collar-
ioque albis, lamellis percurrentibus 11(-14), la-
mellulis nullis, latis. Stipite subnigro, glabro, apice
primum albo, insititio, 9-1 1 x 0. 1 mm.

Sporis 5-5.7 x 2.7-3.2 Mm,eIlipsoideis,Ievibus,
inamyloideis. Hymenio: Basidiis 18.5 x 4.5-5.7
^m, tetrasporis. Cystidiis nullis. Cheilocystidiis
elementis epicutis simillimis. Hyphis pilei tra-
matis filamentosis, fibulatis, inamyloideis. Epicute
pilei hymeniformi, ex elementis vesiculosis (lon-
gioribus quam latis aut latioribus quam longis), ex
integro hyalinis, in parte superiore setulis 1 ^m

SINGER: NEW TAXA OF AGARICALES

45

circiter projicientibus, divergentibus obsitis (typi
Rotalis) efformata.

Ad folia dicotyledonea delapsa in silva tropicali
typi terrae firmae, gregatim.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, 30 km N of Manaus
("EMBRAPA"), 2 I 1978, Singer B 10465 (inpa).
Additional collection: same locality, 13 VII 1977,
Singer B 10088 (inpa). This specimen is identical
to the type except for the gray papilla which is
inserted in the umbilicus of the pileus; the latter
reaches 2 mm in diameter.

Marasmius gomezii Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo aurantio-rufescente vel brunneolo-auran-
tiaco, centro albo excepta papilla alba sed demum
in siccis sordida, glabro vel interdum subpruinoso,
sulcato sed centro levi, convexo, centro applanato,
siccando umbilicato, papilla exigua, humili in sic-
cis in umbilico praesente, diametro pilei 1-1.5 mm.
Lamellis albidis, acie albida, collario albido, la-
mellis percurrentibus 7-12, lamellula 0-1 , furcatis
0-1, latis. Stipite nigro apice albo, demum con-
colori, glabro, nitido, insititio, setoso, 7-10 x 0. 1
mm. Rhizomorphis nigris nullis praesentibus.
Carne tenuissima, inodora.

Sporis 7.5-9 x 4-5.2 ^im, plerumque 8-8.5 x
4-4.5 /xm, ellipsoideis, levibus, hyalinis, inamy-
loideis (Q = 1.9-2). Hymenio: Basidiis 12-15.5 x
4.5-6.5 /im, tetrasporis. Cystidiis nullis. Cheilo-
cystidiis ex integro hyalinis, ceterum elementis ep-
icutis pilei simillimis. Hyphis pilei et tramatis hy-
menophoralis regularis pseudoamyloideis, stipitis
fortiter pseudoamyloideis, parallelis. Epicute pilei
ex elemenlis hymeniformiter dispositis, hyalinis
sed setulis divergentibus (typi Rotalis) melleis ob-
sitis ex toto vel in parte media superiore, 15-35
X 9-25 nm, setulis l-2(-2.5) nm projicientibus.

Ad folia dicotyledonea (haud quercina), in silva
tropicali-montana, gregatim.

Berlin {Singer B 12489, F). Marasmius notho-
myrciae Sing. is the only extratropical species of
this stirps.

Marasmius hendecaphyllus Sing., spec. nov.

Pileus albo, in siccis et vetustis albido margi-
neque dilute argillaceo-virgato inter strias pallidas,
glabro, sulcato, convexo vel cadiformi, umbilicato
vel subumbilicato, haud maculato nec umbonato
nec papillato, sed obtuso, 4-6 mm lato. Lamellis
albis acie alba, collario albo, lamellis omnibus per-
currentibus, 11, rarius 12, subangustis. Stipite
atrocastaneo vel subnigro vel nigro sed ad apicem
albo vel albido, levi, glabro, setoso, aequali, in-
sititio, nitido, 9-1 1 x 0.2-0.5 mm. Rhizomorphis
nigris haud visis. Carne inodora.

Sporis 6.5-8.5 x 2-3.5 iim, oblongis vel fuso-
ideis, levibus, hyalinis, inamyloideis. Hymenio:
Basidiolis fusoideis. Cystidiis nullis. Cheilocysti-
diis 23x17 /im, subvesiculosis, typi Rotalis modo
setulosis e setulis brevibus (1 .5 nm) divergentibus,
hyalinis. Hyphis pilei lente, stipitis magis mani-
feste pseudoamylodeis, fibulatis, haud gelatinosis.
Epicute pilei ex elementis hymeniformiter dis-
positis, cheilocystidiis simillimis sed non-
numquam elatioribus efformata.

Ad folia coriacea Dicotyledonum in silvis tro-
picalibus haud inundabilibus.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, 30 km N of Manaus
("embrapa"), 21 IV 1977, Singer B 9783 (inpa).
Additional collection: Colombia, EI Valle, Dagua,
Finca La Araucana, 14 IV 1968, Singer B 6119
(F).

This species is characterized by the nonpapillate
pileus which is white, not dotted, by 1 1 percurrent
lamellae and the spore measurements. Marasmius
apatelius Sing. and M. vergeliensis Sing. are relat-
e<L

Typus— Costa Rica, Alajuela, Alto Berlin, 26
VII 1981, leg. Singer & Gomez, Singer B 12490
(F).

This species is similar to M. variabiliceps Sing.,
especially its var. tucumanensis Sing., but the un-
icolorous lamellae and the hyaline cheilocystidia
as well as the lower number of lamellae (7-12
rather than 13-18) distinguish it. M. variabiliceps
var. tucumanensis has also been collected at Alto

Marasmius hexaphyllus Sing., spec. nov.

Pileus albo, sicco albido centro pallide fulvi-
dulo, macula atra centrali nulla, glabro, sulcato,
convexo, centro applanato, in siccis subumbonato,
±1.5 mm lato. Lamellis albis, acie et collario al-
bis, lamellis percurrentibus 6, lamellulis nullis.
Stipite subnigrobrunneo, nitido, glabro, setoso, in-
sititio, ± 10 X 0.1 mm.

Sporis 5-7.5 x 2-3 /xm, oblongis vel fusoideis.

46

HELDIANA: BOTANY

levibus, hyalinis, inamyloideis. Hymenio: Basidiis
12.5-13.5 X 5.5-6.5 Mni;basidiolisfusoideis.Cys-
tidiis nullis. Cheilocystidiis ex integro hyalinis,
elementis epicutis pilei simillimis. Hyphis ina-
myloideis vel subinamyloideis in pileo, irregular-
iter intertextis. Epicute pilei ex elementis subhy-
meniformiter dispositis, triformibus: (1) illis
Marasmii pset4docupressiformis analogis, 17-29 x
5-8.5 nm, subulato-obtusatis vel ventricosis et ob-
tusis, integris vel basin versus aut ad apicem ra-
moso-bifurcatis, sed setulis haud obtectis, ina-
myloideis vel partim pseudoamyloideis vel
amyloideis, pariete 0.3-0.8 nm instructis; (2) typi
Sicci, cellulari-subisodiametricis, excrescentiis
dactylomorphis erectis vel obliquis apicalibus, 5-
11 X 1.5-2 fim omatis, pariete 0.8-1 nm crassa
instructis; (3) typi Marasmielli-Ramealium ver-
siformibus, appendicibus dactylomorphis non sol-
um apicalibus et pariete semper tenui, inamylo-
idea praeditis, interdum subhyphalibus et prostratis
appendicibus supemis-extemis tantum omatis.

Ad folia dicotyledonea delapsa in silva tropicali
typi terrae firmae.

^ Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, 30 km N of Manaus
("EMBRAPA"), 10 I 1978, Singer B 105 13a (inpa).

The polymorphous elements of the epicutis
characterize this species which comes close to M.
chrysochaetes Berk. & Curt., M. pseudocupressi-
formis Sing., and similar species of subsect. Pen-
icillati Sing. Marasmius hexaphyllus differs from
these in the small number of lamellae.

Cheilocystidiis numerosis cellulis percurrentibus
tramatis hymenophoralis ut minime apicaliter
pigmentatis et frequenter cystidiformibus consis-
tentibus, his elementis hymeniformiter dispositis
epicutis pilei simillimis sed nonnuUis ex eis setulis
carentibus et saepe setis brevibus intermixtis prae-
cipue in collario. Hyphis tramatis pilei et hymen-
ophori filamentosis, fibulatis; tramate pilei tenui;
tramate hymenophorali regulari. Epicute pilei ex
elementis terminalibus hypodermii hymenifor-
miter vel subhymeniformiter dispositis efFormata
et setis conspicuis interspersis. Illis elementis 1 9-
21 X 7-7.5Mm,paucislongioribusvelbrevioribus,
sed nonnullis angustioribus et his interdum setulis
destitutis, crassitunicatis, plemmque setulis typi
Sicci apicaliter obtectis, cheilocystidiis similibus,
ut minime in parte alta manifeste pigmentatis. Se-
tis (50-)65-315(-500) x 4-8(-9.5) nm, rigidis,
crasse tunicatis (1.5-5 nm), sepiaceis, obtusis. Pig-
mento intraparietali (frequenter in strato extemo
parietis tantum praesente). Hypodermio eximie
alto, trichodermiali, ex elementis hyphalibus brev-
iter ramosis, crassitunicatis, hyalinis, fortiter pseu-
doamyloideis efformato. Tegumento stipitis sub-
nullo.

Ad folia dicotyledonea in silva tropicali typi ter-
rae firmae gregatim.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, 30 km N of Manaus,
12 VII 1978, leg. Maria Sousa & Izonete Araujo
Aguiar, Singer B 11272 (inpa).

This species belongs in subsect. Horriduli Sing.
It is the type and only species of this group.

Marasmius horridulus Sing., Agar. mod. tax. 4th
ed., p. 367. 1986.

Marasmius inundabilis Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo fuligineo-bmnneo, setis longissimis (usque
ad medium radium pilei!) et brevioribus praeser-
tim marginem pilei versus obsito, et margine ob
eas ciliato, in maturis setomm causa indistincte
concentrice zonato, setis pilei superficiei conco-
loribus, convexo, demum circum papillam cen-
tralem applanato, 2-4 mm lato. Lamellis albis vel
albidis sed ad aciem late concoloribus pileo, an-
gustis, aequalibus, ± triginta, simplicibus, per-
paucis inverse furcatis, collariatis. Stipite nigro,
glabro, setoso, aequali, insititio, 7-37 x 0.1-0.25
mm. Carne alba, tenui, tenaci, inodora.

Sporis 7-8.8 x 3-4 ^m, oblongis, levibus, hy-
alinis, inamyloideis. Hymenio: Basidiolis fuso-
ideis. Cystidiis nullis sed nonnullis cellulis tra-
matis vel subhymenii in hymenium extensis.

Pileo griseo, interdum linea minuta e fissione
alba circum papillam praesente, sed generatim un-
icolori, papilla bmnnea excepta, glabro, sulcato,
convexo, profunde umbilicato et in umbilico pa-
pilla centrali munito, 4-6 mm lato. Lamellis albis
acie albis collario albido sed siccando nigrescente,
latis, subdistantibus, lamellis percurrentibus 15-
1 7, omnibus aequalibus. Stipite nigro, glabro, ni-
tido, e nodis rhizomorphamm nato et insititio, 1 3-
20 X 0.1-0.2 mm. Rhizomorphis hinc inde nodis
instmctis, nigris, glabris, usque ad 1 00 mm longis,
plerumque erectis, basi instititiis. Carne pilei alba,
stipitis nigra, immutabili, inodora.

Sporis 14.5-18.5 x 3-4.3 ^im, clavato-subfu-
soideis, tenuitunicatis, levibus, hyalinis, inamy-
loideis. Hymenio: Basidiis 21-22 x 6.5-7 /xm, te-

SINGER: NEW TAXA OF AGARICALES

47

irasporis; basidiolis fusoideis. Cystidiis nullis.
Cheilocystidiis 1 5-30 x 5-20 fim, tenuitunicatis,
hyalinis, interdum furcatis, paucis integris, sed
plerumque typi Sicci modo apicaliter appendicu-
latis et elementis epicutis pilei forma simillimis,
at cheilocystidiis collarii ab eis acieis differentibus
et forma sua illa Marasmii pseudocupressiformis
in mentem revocantibus, plerumque simplicibus,
ventricosis vel clavatis vel ampullaceis, pigmen-
tatis ut elemenla pilei, nonnullis autem bi- vel tri-
furcatis, 16-25 x 7-lOMm, pariete 1-1.3 /inicras-
sa, haud vel admodum debiliter pseudoamyloidea
instructis. Hyphis tenuitunicatis, filamentosis,
haud gelatinosis, saepe furcatis, intertextis in pi-
leo, parallelis in stipite, pseudoamyloideis, fibu-
latis. Epicute pilei hymeniformi, ex elementis
cheilocystidiis similibus sed pseudoamyloideis et
eis collarii similioribus, frequentissime bi- vel tri-
furcatis, rarius cheilocystidiis acieis lamellarum
similibus sed setulis latiusculis, obtusis, pariete 1-
1.3 nm crassa, pigmento intraparietali porphyreo-
brunneo vel sepiaceo.

Ad folia dicotyledonea silvae tropicalis inun-
dabilis aquae albae (varzea), immediate ante in-
undatione fructificans, gregatim crescens.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, Ilha Janauari, 18 III
1 983, leg. Singer, Araujo Aguiar & Adis, Singer B
12441 (F).

This species is easily recognizable by its color,
attachment to black rhizomorphs, dimorphic
cheilocystidia and habitat.

Marasmius iodactylus Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo laete violaceo-lilacino modo uniformi,
glabro, sulcato, semigloboso vel convexo, centro
papillato, 0.5-0.8 mm alto. Lamellis albis, acie
alba, collario albo, omnibus percurrentibus el ae-
qualibus, octo vel decem. Stipite biso, glabro, ni-
tido, setoso, e rhizomorpho furcatione nato vel in
substrato insititio, 10-20 x 0.1 tim, Rhizomor-
phis sparsis, tenuibus, levibus, concoloribus.

Sporis 6-7.5 x 2.5-3.3 nm, oblongis, levibus,
hyalinis, inamyloideis. Hymenio: Basidiis 12.5-17
X 5-6 /Lim; basidiolis fusoideis. Cystidiis nullis.
Cheilocystidiis elementis epicutis pilei appendi-
culatis similibus, sed hyalinis. Hyphis tenuituni-
catis, filamentosis, in pileo hyalinis atque lente
debiliterque pseudoamyloideis, haud gelatinosis,
fibulatis. Epicute piiei hymeniformi, ex elementis
dimorphis effbrmata: (1) 11-18 x 6.5-8.5 nm.

ventricosis vel subvesiculosis, duobus vel plerum-
que multis appendiculis digitiformibus apicalibus,
raro uno alterove laterali sed erecto typi Sicci or-
natis, violaceis, iodi ope brunneo-rubris vel brun-
neo-purpureis, pariete tenui vel moderatim crassa
instructis; (2) 20-30 x 5-9 ^m, simplicibus et in-
tegris, ventricosis, anguste ventricosis, clavatis,
ampullaceis, raro furcatis, crassitunicatis (pariete
1-1.5 nm crassa), pigmentatis ut alter typus.

Ad folia dicotyledonea in silva tropicali typi ter-
rae firmae gregatim.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, 30 km N of Manaus,
29 VI 1977, SingerB 10032 (inpa).

Because of the dimorphic elements of the epi-
cutis this species is comparable to M. inundabilis
Sing., but seems to be more related to M. peckii
Murr.

Marasmius izonetae Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo saturate violaceo-purpureo, unicolori, sul-
cato, convexo, glabro, in umbilico haud profundo
papillato, ± 2 mm lato. Lamellis albis, acie vio-
laceis, lamellis percurrentibus 1 3, lamellulis nullis,
illis collariatis. Stipite umbrino, apice albido, basi
etiam nonnumquam albida et semper insititia
praedito, glabro, setoso, 5-10 x 0.2-0.3 mm.

Sporis 5 X 2.2 ^m, oblongis, levibus, hyalinis,
inamyloideis. Hymenio: Basidiis 17-18 x 5-6 Mm;
basidiolis fusoideis. Cystidiis nullis. Cheilocysti-
diis ad aciem lamellarum heteromorpham nu-
merosisperzonam violaceam, 13-28 x 4.5-8^01,
duobus typis cheilocystidiorum M. iodactyli sim-
ilibus, sed cum omni forma transitoria observata,
setulosis stricte typi Sicci, pariete subhyalina et
tenui vel crassiuscula et violacea. Hyphis tramatis
hymenophoralis regularis leniter sed manifeste
pseudoamyloideis, filamentosis sed nonnullis in-
flatis, fibulatis. Epicute pilei hymeniformi et ex
elementis cheilocystidiis simillimis efformata.

Ad folia delapsa dicotyledonea in silva tropicali
typi terrae firmae.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, 30 km N of Manaus,
8 IX 1977, leg. Izonete Araujo Aguiar & Singer B
10138 (INPA).

The color is similar in M. iodactylus Sing. but
it differs from the latter in the stipe which con-
stantly grows directly from the substratum, in the
edge of the lamellae which is concolorous with the

48

FIELDIANA: BOTANY

pileus, in more numerous lamellae and in the time
of fructification.

Marasmius janauariensis Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo albo vel albido sed macula centrali su-
baurantio-ochraceo vel cinnamomeo (e. gr. "yel-
low beige" M«&.P) linea vel zona candida limitata
omato, macula in siccis applanata vel sub lente
leniter elevata, grisascente subpallida observata,
sulcato, convexo, umbilicato, umbone manifesto
et papilla centrali destituto, 3.5-17 mm lato. La-
mellis albis, acie collarioque albis, 15-17 percur-
rentibus, aequalibus. Stipite nigro, glabro, setoso,
nilido, insititio, 15-34 x 0.5-0.9 mm. Rhizo-
morphis nigris haud visis. Carne inodora.

Sporis (8-)9.5-10.2 x 3-3.3 ixm, fusoideis, lev-
ibus, hyalinis, inamyloideis. Hymenio: Basidiis 19-
20 X 6-7 fim. Cystidiis nullis. Cheilocystidiis ele-
mentis epicutis zonae marginalis pilei simillimis.
Hyphis tramatis pilei debiliter sed manifeste pseu-
doamyloideis, filamentosis sed multis inflatis, hy-
alinis, haud gelatinosis, omnibus fibulatis. Epicute
pilei per zonam marginalem hymeniformi, ex ele-
mentis 8.5-30 x 8.5-23 nm, ex integro hyalinis,
setulis divergentibus typi Rotalis 1-2 ixm altis or-
natis effbrmata.

Ad folia dicotyledonea delapsa in silva tropicali
inundabili typi varzeae.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, Ilha Janauari, 18 III
1983, Singer B 12446 (f). Another (sterile) collec-
tion seems to be conspecific: Brazil, Para, Estancia
Pirelli, 7 VI 1966, Singer B 4224 (bafc).

This species is characteristic for the forest with
periodic inundations (varzea) and is related to M.
rotuloides Dennis and M. vergeliensis Sing., es-
pecially the former from which it differs in the
absence of an umbo; from both it differs in larger
spores.

Marasmius mesocephalus Sing., sp>ec. nov.

Pileo ochraceobrunneo vel aurantiobrunneo,
centro atro zona alba circumdato variegato, gla-
bro, sulcato, convexo, in umbilico moderatim pro-
funde umbonato, demum saepe centro plano in
umbilico, 0.5-2 mm lato. Lamellis albis acie albis,
coUario albo, saepe demum praecipue siccando
pallide aurantio-brunneo, lamellis percurrentibus
7-9. Stipite nigro, apice initio albo, glabro, setoso,

longo, 10-21 X 0.1 mm, rhizomorphis nigris
praesentibus sed stipiti haud connexis.

Sporis 7-9.5 x 2.5-3.5 nm, fusoideis, levibus,
hyalinis, inamyloideis. Hymenio: Basidiis 13-15.3
X 5.5-8 ^m, tetrasporis vel (l-)4-sporis; basidiolis
fusoideis. Cystidiis nullis. Cheilocystidis elemen-
tis epicutis pilei similibus. Hyphis tramatis hy-
menophoralis subinamyloideis vel lente leniter
pseudoamyloideis, fibulatis. Epicute pilei hymen-
iformi, ex elementis globosis v. clavatis, hyalinis,
setulis typi rotalis modo divergentibus, hyalinis,
in zonis pigmentatis pallide brunneolis, 2-2.5 x
1-1.5 ^m obsitis, sed parte basali hyalina, 12.5-
22 X 8.8-18 iim.

Ad folia dicotyledonea delapsa in silva tropicali
typi terrae firmae gregatim.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, 30 km N of Manaus,
26 XII 1977, Singer B 10411 (inpa). Additional
collection: same locality, 8 VIII 1977, Singer B
10136 (INPA).

Marasmius microrotalis Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo dilute alutaceo-cremeo vel cameo in ve-
getis, zona albida vel primum griseola maculam
centralem parvam, fuligineam siccando griseam,
planam vel lenissime elevatam circumdante, cet-
erum in siccis brunnescente (in herbario inter
"wigwam" et "Cochin" M&P) et sulcato, margi-
nem extremum versus saepe pallidiore, glabro,
campanulato vel conico-truncato, umbilicato, 0.5-
2 mm lato. Lamellis albis vel albidis, acie et col-
lario albis, 12-15, plerumque 14 percurrentibus,
latis. Stipite prima juventute albo, mox e basi biso-
fuligineo vel subnigro et demum ex integro brun-
neo-nigro vel nigro, macroscopice glabro sed sub
lente subtiliter fibrilloso-pruinoso vel minutissime
setuloso, demum glabrescente, subnitente, setoso,
insititio in substrato, 2.5-19 x 0.1 mm. Rhizo-
morphis nigris, tenuibus, ramosis, subpruinosis vel
subglabris, inconspicuis praesentibus. Carne alba,
tenuissima, inodora.

Sporis 6.8-9 x 3-5 fim, plerumque 7-9 x 3.5-
4.2 nm (Q = 2-3), ellipsoideis vel fusoideis, fre-
quenter obclavatis, levibus, hyalinis, inamyloid-
eis. Hymenio: Basidiis 15-20.5 x 4.5-7.5 fim, te-
trasporis; basidiolis fusoideis. Cystidiis nullis.
Cheilocystidiis cellulis epicutis simillimis sed ple-
rumque ex integro hyalinis. Hyphis tramatis pilei
lente debiliterque pseudoamyloideis, apicis stipitis
fortius pseudoamyloideis, subhymenio ± pseu-
doamyloideo; tramate hymenophorali regulari;

SINGER: NEW TAXA OF AGARICALES

49

hyphis omnibus fibulatis. Epicute pilei hymeni-
formi, ex elementis 10.5-27.5 x 5.5-19 nm ef-
formata, his hyalinis sed typi Rotalis modo setulis
divergentibus, subaureomelleis, 1-3.5 nm, ple-
rumque 1-2 nm projicientibus obtectis, nonnullis
magis elongatis interspersis. Tegumento stipitis ex
elementis hyphalibus, unicellularibus, saepe ag-
gregatis, vacillatim ascendentibus, interdum sub-
setiformibus, sed tenuiter vel firme tantum tuni-
catis, hyalinis, inamyloideis efformato, his apicem
versus et in parte media stipitis 10-35 x 2.3-3.2
^m, prope basin autem usque ad 5.5 nm latis,
obtusis.

Ad folia dicotyledonea delapsa in silva tropicali
primaria typi terrae firmae solitario vel gregatim.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, 30 km N of Manaus
("EMBRAPA"), 13 VII 1977, Singer B 10104 (f).
Additional collection: same locality, Singer B
10105 (iNPA sub nom. herb. M. daulobius).

This species is remarkable because of the stipe
covering. Marasmius rotalis Berk. & Br. sensu Sing.
1 964 (p. 33 1) from TjaivQ, Yangambi (Louis 13934,
br) is probably conspecific. Marasmius rotalis, ty-
pus, differs in much larger carpophores.

Marasmius minusculus Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo saturate purpureo-rubro vel purpureo-ro-
seo, purpureo in siccis, interdum zona alba ad
marginem extremum omato, glabro, sulcato, con-
vexo, umbilicato, umbonato vel papillato in um-
bilico, 1-1.5 mm lato. Lamellis albis, acie alba et
collario albo, percurrentibus 6-10. Stipite proprio
subnigro, glabro, setoso, e rhizomorphis nato, 4-
28 X 0.1-0.2 mm. Rhizomorphis nigris ± 0.2 /xm
crassis, glabris, nodosis (carpophoris e nodis na-
tis). Carne in centro pilei sat tenui, ad marginem
tenuissima, alba, inodora.

Sporis 6-8.5 x 3-4 ^m, plerumque 7-8 x 3.5
^m, ellipsoideis vel fusoideis vel oblongis, hyalin-
is, inamyloideis. Hymenio: Basidiis 16-21 x 6-
7.5(-9)Mm, tetrasporis, plerumque 16 x 7-7.5 ^"1;
basidiolis fusoideis. Cystidiis nuUis. Cheilocysti-
diis elementis epicutis pilei simillimis sed hyalinis.
Hyphis tramatis pilei vix vel partim debiliter
pseudoamyloideis, 1-21 ^m latis, fibulatis. Epi-
cute pilei hymeniformi, ex elementis, 9-30 x 6-
30 ^im, ventricosis vel subclavatis et apice inter-
dum obtuse bifurcatis, apicaliter typi Sicci modo
setulis obsitis et his frequenter secundario-vel ter-
tiario-setulosis, tenui- vel crassitunicatis, pariete

0.3-1.5 nm crassa, pigmento intraparietali pur-
pureo colorata, setulis primariis 2—4.5 x 0.5-
1.5(-4) ixm. Elementis epicutis umbonis setulis
destitutis.

Ad folia dicotyledonea delapsa in silva tropicali
haud inundabili.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, 30 km N of Manaus,
9 II 1978, Singer B 10649 (inpa). Additional col-
lections: same locality, 26 XII 1977, Singer B
10406a (inpa); same locality and date, Singer B
10431 (iNPA); same locality, 2 I 1978, Singer B
10454 (inpa); Rick, Fungi Austroamericani 202(2)
(not 202) [Southem Brazil] (fh, sub nomine M.
edwallianus f racemosa Theissen).

This species, always "multiceps," i.e., rising from
black rhizomorphs, differs from M. edwallianus
Henn. in white edges of lamellae and from M.
hippiochaetes Berk. in glabrous stipe and rhizo-
morphs.

Marasmius mundulus Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo albo, macula centrali dilute vel saturate
grisea, extra maculam demum pallide argillaceo
(sine zona alba circum maculam), sulcato, glabro,
convexo, umbilicato, obtuse papillato in umbilico,
±0.7 mm lato. Lamellis albis, acie alba, collario
albo, percurrentibus octo, aequalibus. Stipite cas-
taneo apice albo, demum subnigro ex toto, glabro,
nitido, setoso, insititio, ± 6 x 0. 1 mm. In herbario
aciebus lamellamm interdum nonnuUis argilla-
ceis.

Sporis (4-)5-6(-7) x 2.5 jnm, oblongis, levibus,
hyalinis, inamyloideis. Hymenio: Basidiis 12-13.5
X 5-5.5 nm, tetrasporis. Cheilocystidiis elementis
epicutis pilei simillimis. Hyphis lente moderatim
pseudoamyloideis in tramate pilei, in tramate
hymenophorali regulari haud vel vix pseudoa-
myloideis, in apice stipitis manifeste pseudoa-
myloideis, fibulatis. Epicute pilei hymeniformi,
elementis 12-23 x 10-15 yim, setulosis typi Ro-
talis modo, setulis 1-2.5 x 0.5-1 nm, et corpore
basali hyalinis.

Ad folia dicotyledonea delapsa in silva tropicali
primaria typi terrae firmae solitario.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, 30 km N of Manaus,
13 VII 1977, Singer B 10092 (inpa).

This species is related to M. brachysporus Sing.
but has narrower spores and fewer lamellae.

50

FIELDIANA: BOTANY

Marasmius nanorotalis Sing., spec. nov.

Marasmius neorotula Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo albo, interdum argillaceo in juvenilibus,
dein dilute argillaceo vel argillaceo-pallido, de-
mum nonnumquam argillaceo-brunneo et tunc
zona pallidiore circum papillam munito, sed ple-
rumque tali zona et semper zona alba absente, nisi
cum margine iam albo conflueret, glabro, sulcato,
convexo vel semiglobato, dein convexo et umbil-
icato, papillato (papilla semiglobata, dein in um-
bilico inserta, argillaceo-brunnea, atrobrunnea vel
nigra), minuto, 0.4-1.5 mm lato. Lamellis albis,
acie et collario albis, percurrentibus 7-10, sat latis,
lamellulis nullis. Stipite atrocastaneo vel nigro ap-
ice hyalino-albo in juvenilibus, glabro, setoso, 9-
22 X 0. 1 mm insititio in substrato. Rhizomorphis
nigris haud visis. Carne tenuissima, alba, inodora.

Sporis8.5-12 x 2.8-3.5(-4)Mm,plerumque 10-
1 1 X 3.3-3.5 (im (Q = 2.7-3.5), oblongis vel fu-
soideis, levibus, hyalinis, inamyloideis. Hymenio:
Basidiis (1 1-)15-20 x 4-7.8 (j,m, tetrasporis; bas-
idiolis fusoideis. Cystidiis nullis. Cheilocystidiis
elementis epicutis pilei simillimis sed totis hyalin-
is. Hyphis tramatis pilei hyalinis, in pileo et tra-
mate hymenophorali regulari debiliter sed mani-
feste pseudoamyloideis, plerumque filamentosis,
fortiter pseudoamyloideis in apice stipitis. Epicute
pilei extra umbonem hymeniformi, ex elementis
14-20 X 8-21 fxm, setulis 1-2.5 nm longis div-
ergentibus typi Rotalis modo, hyalinis vel brun-
neis obsitis, parte basali hyalina, vesiculosis vel
subvesiculoso-ventricosis, tenuitunicatis. Papilla
ex hyphis multiseptatis (celluHs e. gr. 8 x 5 ^m)
conniventibus effbrmata, elementis terminalibus,
superficialibus haud setuligeris sed hymenifor-
mibus, tenuitunicatis, inamyloideis, papillae pig-
mento atrospadiceo, manifeste intraparietali.

Ad folia dicotyledonea delapsa in silva tropicali
typi terrae firmae primariae, plerumque gregatim.

Pileo dilute argillaceo ("nougat" vel "almond
biscuit," sicco "thrush" vel "bran" M&P), centro
albo vel albido, frequenter macula pallide argil-
lacea zona alba sub lente rivulosa circumdata or-
nato, sulcato et interdum (forma reticulato-ven-
osa, Singer B 10236) subtiliter reticulato-venoso
inter sulcos, glabro, convexo, umbilicato, demum
frequenter applanato, papilla destituto, 5-15 mm
lato. Lamellis pallidissime alutaceo-cremeis vel al-
bis, acie pallide argillaceis in siccis sed lateribus
concoloribus in vegetis, collario generatim aciebus
concolori, lamellis percurrentibus 9-13, omnibus
aequalibus, in forma reticulato-venosa (Singer B
10236) intervenosis sed frequentius haud inter-
venosis, sat latis vel moderatim latis, haud ven-
tricosis. Stipite castaneo vel nigro, apice primum
albo, interdum in vetustis apice etiam albo, glabro,
setoso, insititio, 1 1-24 x 0.2-0.5 mm. Rhizo-
morphis nigris separatis sparsis vel nullis. Carne
alba, immutabili, tenui, inodora.

Sporis (5.5-)6-7.8(-8) x 3.3-4.8 nm, ellipso-
ideis, plerumque leniter applanatis in parte supra-
hilari, levibus, hyalinis, inamyloideis. Hymenio:
Basidiis 15-19 x 6-7.5 nm, tetrasporis, basidiolis
fusoideis. Cystidiis nullis. Cheilocystidiis elemen-
tis epicutis pilei simillimis sed plerumque totis
hyalinis. Hyphis tramatis pilei et hymenophoralis
regularis partim inamyloideis, partim debiliter
pseudoamyloideis, in stipite paralleliset manifeste
pseudoamyloideis, omnibus fibulatis, haud gela-
tinosis. Epicute pilei hymeniformi, ex elementis
hyalinis setulis typi Rotalis omatis aut hyalinis aut
melleis, parte basali vesiculosa vel subvesiculosa,
tenuitunicata, 10-19 x 6-18 Mm, setulis 2-3.7 /xm
projicientibus.

Ad lignum arborum dicotyledonearum in silva
tropicali primaria typi terrae firmae gregatim.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, 30 km N of Manaus,
2 I 1978, Singer B 10459 (inpa). Additional col-
lections: same locality, 22 VII 1977, Singer B
10115, and 29 VII 1977, Singer B 10127.

What may be a variety of M. nanorotalis with
flesh-pinkish pileus when dried, deep brown pa-
pilla, and scarcely pseudoamyloid hyphae, the pa-
pilla covered by elements which are almost like
those of sect. Androsacei, has all other characters
of the typical form described above. It is much
rarer than the latter, but comes from the same
locality, Singer B 10429.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, 30 km N of Manaus,
20 X 1977, Singer B 10208 (inpa). A reticulate-
venose form was collected together with the type
{Singer B 10236, inpa).

Of all tropical species, this is the one most sim-
ilar and most related to M. rotula (L. ex Fr.) Fr.
Marasmius dodecaphyllus Sing. is also close.

Marasmius perrarus Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo brunneolo-aurantiaco, siccando badio
("chutney" M&P), areis pallidioribus interdum

SINGER: NEW TAXA OF AGARICALES

51

praesentibus sed zona alba circum papillam mar-
gini concolorem destituto, glabro, ad ipsum mar-
ginem sulcato-crenato, sed ceterum levi, convexo,
umbilicato, in umbilico papillato, 3 mm lato. La-
mellis albis acie alba, percurrentibus novem, una
furcata, paullum intervenosis, latis, collariatis.
Stipite atro, simplici, glabro, setoso, nitido, insi-
titio in substrato, 17 x 0.1 mm. Rhizomorphis
atris tenuibus, glabris praesentibus sed cum stipite
haud connexis. Carne alba, tenui, inodora.

Sporis (9-)10.5-12.5 x (3-)5.2-6 nm, plerum-
que ± 12 X 5.5 nm, ellipsoideis vel fusoideis vel
oblongis, depressione suprahilari institutis, levi-
bus, hyalinis, inamyloideis. Hymenio: Basidiis 25-
30 X 10.5-12.5 nm, (2-)4-sporis. Cystidiis nullis.
Cheilocystidiis elementis epicutis pilei simillimis
sed plerumque ex integro hyalinis. Hyphis tra-
matis pilei et tramatis hymenophoralis regularis
plerumque hyalinis et filamentosis, intertextis,
tenuitunicatis, fibulatis, inamyloideis sed nonnul-
lis debiliter pseudoamyloideis intermixtis, haud
gelatinosis. Epicute pilei hymeniformi, ex elemen-
tis 18-26(-29) X 11-15 fim, parte basaH tenui-
tunicata, hyalina vel brunneolo-mellea, apicaliter
setulis4-7 x l-^/umbrunneolo-melleisvelaureo-
melleis, obtusis, typi Sicci modo obsitis efformata.

Ad folia delapsa dicotyledonea in silva primaria
tropicali typi terrae firmae solitario.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, 30 km N of Manaus,
1 1 V 1977, Singer B 9856 (inpa).

Marasmius polycladoides Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo in siccis roseolo-cinnamomeo-ochreo pa-
pilla atropurpurea vel purpureo-atra omato sed
zona pallida circum papillam destituto, glabro,
sulcato, convexo, papillato, primum haud umbil-
icato, dein papilla in umbilico haud profundo in-
serta, 1.5-2.5 mm lato. Lamellis in siccis margini
pilei concoloribus aciebus pallidis et collario pal-
lido, percurrentibus 9-11. Stipite atrocastaneo vel
fusco, primum sub lente setis minutis hispidello,
dein glabrescente, setoso, e nodis vel partibus in-
temodosis nato et insititio, 3-5 x 0. 1 mm. Rhi-
zomorphis stipite crassioribus (usque ad 0.4 mm
crassis), hispidellis, insititiis in stipulis. Colore ve-
geto et odore (si ullus) ignotis, sed in siccis colori
"India spice" (M&P) correspondet.

Sporis 5-6.5 x 3-4 ^m, ellipsoideis, firme tun-
icatis, levibus, hyalinis, inamyloideis. Hymenio:
Basidiis 22-24 x 4.5-5.5 nm, tetrasporis; basi-

diolis fusoideis. Cystidiis nullis. Cheilocystidiis
elementis epicutis pilei simillimis sed plerumque
ex toto hyalinis. Hyphis in tramate hymenophor-
ali regulari hyalinis, tenuitunicatis, inamyloideis,
filamentosis, fibulatis. Epicute pilei hymeniformi,
ex elementis 10 x 4.5-10 nm, raro longioribus,
hyalinis in parte basali, sed apicaliter typi Sicci
modo setulosis, setulis hyalinis vel succineo-mel-
leis (in ammoniaco), 2-5.5 x 0.5-1.5 nm, acutis
vel frequentius obtusis. Tegumento stipitis ei Mar-
asmii hippiochaetis simili.

Ad slipulas Pteridophytorum emortuas in silva
tropicali.

Typus— Panama, San Blas, in semita a Puerto
Obaldia Darien versus inter 0 et 100 m alt., 22 VI
1975, Dumont PA 914 (ny).

This species is similar and related to M. hippi-
ochaetes Berk., M. microdendron Sing., M. poly-
chaetes Sing., and M. schultesii Sing., especially
the first and second. It differs in shorter spores and
habitat from all these.

Marasmius praegrandispermus Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo ferrugineo ("India R, Arabian R" M&P),
sicco atroferrugineo, circum maculam fuligineam
centralem zona rivulosa, dilute bmnneolo-ochrea
variegato, glabro, sulcato, convexo, umbilicato, in
umbilico plano vel vix papillato, 4-6 mm lato.
Lamellis albis, acie et collario albis, percurrentibus
1 1 , sat latis, haud intervenosis. Stipite nigro, gla-
bro, setoso, insititio in substrato, 27 x 0.3 mm.
Rhizomorphis et telepodiis nigris praesentibus sed
stipiti haud connexis.

Sporis 28-31.5 x 4.5-5.5 nm, lanceolato-acu-
leiformibus apice rotundatis, levibus, hyalinis, in-
amyloideis. Hymenio: Basidiis 25-36 x 5.5-11.5
fxm, tetrasporis; basidiolis fusoideis. Cystidiis nul-
lis. Cheilocystidiis elementis epicute pilei simili-
bus, sed generatim nonnihil minoribus et ex toto
hyalinis. Hyphis in tramate pilei et in tramate hy-
menophorali regulari pseudoamyloideis, fibulatis,
haud gelatinosis. Epicute pilei hymeniformi, ex
elementis 16-30 x 7.5-18.5 nm, saepe formae
manus humanae similibus, aliis integris, in parte
basali hyalinis vel dilute melleo-bmnneolis, setulis
apicalibus typi Sicci modo omatis, his 3.5-9 x
0.8-1. 8(-4) fim, obtusis, paucis subacutis, bmn-
neis vel melleo-bmnneis, multis cellulis iodi ope
ex toto purpureis, vel colore immutatis.

52

FIELDIANA: BOTANY

Ad venas cenlrales foliorum dicotyledoneorum
in silva primaria tropicali typi terrae firmae gre-
gatim.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, 30 km N of Manaus,
23 VI 1977, Singer B 9993 (inpa).

This species is remarkable because it has the
largest spores of all representatives of sect. Mar-
asmius.

1 . Stipites e rhizomorphis nati, rarius e substrato,
foHicolae.

Var. hendecaphyllophorus Sing., var. nov.

A \aT. pseudocupressiformi diffenpileo ± 1 mm
lato, lamellis percurrentibus 1 1 .

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, 30 km N of Manaus,
29 II 1978, Singer B 10665 (inpa).

Marasmius pseudocupressiformis Sing., spec. nov. ^^^- 'ntermedius Sing., var. nov.

Pileo albo vel albido, in siccis albido, maculo
centrali fuligineo-griseo vel fuligineo, exiguo var-
iegato, sulcato, glabro, doliiformi vel conico-trun-
cato, centro applanato, in siccis leniter umbilicato
et umbone minuto atro obtuso in umbilico ele-
vato, 0.4-0.7 mm lato. Lamellis albis, acie collar-
ioque albis, latis, percurrentibus novem, omnibus
aequalibus. Stipite brunneo vel nigro, glabro, se-
toso, nitido, in nodis rhizomorpharum insititio,
7-8 X 0.1-0.2 mm. Rhizomorphis stipiti conco-
loribus, glabris, 0.1-0.2 mm crassis. Carne alba,
tenuissima, inodora.

Sporis 9.5-11 x 4—4.5 yim, oblongis vel fuso-
ideis, levibus, hyalinis, inamyloideis. Hymenio:
Basidiis 24-25 x 7.5Mni, clavatis, tetrasporis;bas-
idiolis fusiformibus. Cystidiis nullis. Cheilocysti-
diis elementis epicutis pilei simillimis. Hyphis fi-
lamentosis subintertextis, hyalinis, fibulatis, tenui-
tunicatis, manifeste pseudoamyloideis, haud ge-
latinosis. Epicute pilei hymeniformi, ex elementis
dimorphis efformata, his (1) 15-16 x 8.5-10.5
^m, subvesiculosis, hyalinis, (2) 21-30 x 6-9 ^m,
fusoideis, apice obtusis, hyalinis vel subhyalinis,
tenui- vel firme tunicatis (pariete usque ad 0.5 um
crasa), plerumque pseudoamyloideis sed multis
inamyloideis; interdum cellulis intermediis inter
duos typos occurrentibus.

Ad folia delapsa dicotyledonea in silva tropicali
primaria, typi terrae firmae.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, 30 km N of Manaus,
2 III 1978, Singer B 10743 (inpa).

This species is remarkable because of the shape
of the cheilocystidia and the elements of the epi-
cutis of the pileus, all wiihout setulae. The diag-
nosis given above corresponds to var. pseudocu-
pressiformis. Other varieties are as follows:

A varietatibus praecedentibus pileo pallidissime
argillaceo, centro atro-papillato papilla zona can-
dida circumdata variegato, 0.5-1 mm lato et stip-
ite interdum in substrato, frequentius in rhizo-
morphis insititio et paucis elementis epicutis uno
vel duobus appendiculos apicalibus munitis, fre-
quentius autem integris differt. Lamellis percur-
rentibus 8-10.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, 30 km N of Manaus,
2 III 1978, Singer B 10764 (inpa).

2. Stipites rhizomorphigeni, lignicolae.

Var. alboflavescentulus Sing., var. nov.

A var. pseudocupressiformi differt habitatione
in ligno et sporis angustioribus (7.5-9.5 x 2.8-4
/im, plerumque 8.5-9 x 3-3.8 nro) nec non pileo
albo flavescente.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, 30 km N of Manaus,

9 II 1978, Singer B 10620 (inpa).

3. Stipites in substrato nati, lignicolae.

Var. conspicuus Sing. var. nov.

A var. intermedio differt carpophoris majoribus,
pileo 1.5-4 mm lato; stipite 25-27 x 0.1 mm;
sporis eliam paullum majoribus (9-1 1.7 x 3.5-5
Atm in hac, 8.5-9(-10) x 3.5(-4.2) ^m in var. in-
termedio); stipite semper in substrato nato et lig-
nicola differt.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, 30 km N of Manaus,

10 I 1978, Singer B 10514 (inpa).

SINGER: NEW TAXA OF AGARICALES

53

Var. atripes Sing., var. nov.

A var. conspicuo pileo 0.7-2 mm lato et sporis
(7_)7.5_9 X (3.3-)3.8-5.5 ^im nec non stipitis co-
lore atro vel brunneo vel castaneo differt.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, 30 km N of Manaus,
20 X 1977, Singer B 10223 (inpa). Additional
collection: same locality, 18 1 1978, SingerB 10547
(F).

It is possible that M. pseudocupressiformis var.
pseudocupressiformis, together with var. interme-
dius, also var. conspicuus and var. atripes, taken
together, and finally var. alboflavescentulus might
represent three autonomous species. But with few
collections of each at hand, I hesitate to propose
this at the moment. These and the whole stirps
Pseudocupressiformis differ from other species of
the section in the absence of setulae-bearing cells
in the epicutis and lamellae edges, but several
species are known to contain elements both smooth
and with setulae and these form the transition to
the rest of subsect. Penicillati Sing.

bro, sulcato, convexo, umbilicato, papilla nulla vel
in umbilico subpapillato tantum in siccis, 1.5-2.2
mm lato. Lamellis albis acie collarioque albis, per-
currentibus (15-)17-18(-20). Stipite albo, mox
sordide ochreo ad basin et gradatim atrocastaneo
apice albo, demum castaneo-subnigro, glabro, ni-
tido, setoso, 20-30 x 0. 1 mm. Rhizomorphis ni-
gris haud visis. Carne alba, tenui, inodora.

Sporis 4.5-7.5 x 2-3.5 nm, oblongis, paucis
ellipsoideis, levibus, hyalinis, inamyloideis, ad la-
tus adaxiale applanatis. Hymenio: Basidiis 11-12
X 4-5 iim, tetrasporis; basidiolis fusoideis. Cys-
tidiis nullis. Cheilocystidiis hyalinis setulis inclu-
sis, ceterum elementis epicutis pilei simillimis.
Hyphis tramatis pilei et tramatis hymenophoralis
regularis hyalinis, inamyloideis vel vix pseudoa-
myloideis, fibulatis, haud gelatinosis. Epicute pilei
hymeniformi ex elementis 14-30 x 9-18 nvc\, sac-
catis vel subvesiculosis, hyalinis, firme vel leniter
subcrassiuscule tunicatis, apice typi Rotalis modo
setulis divergentibus hyalinis vel brunneolis vel
ochreo-melleis 1.5-3 x 1-1.2 jum omatis effor-
mata.

Ad folia Scleronematis micranthae Ducke de-
lapsa in silva tropicali primaria typi terrae firmae
gregatim.

Marasmius rubromarginatus var. albilamellatus

Sing., var. nov.

A var. rubromarginato differt lamellis pileo haud
concoloribus ad aciem.

Ad folia monocotyledonea, rarius dicotyledo-
nea, in silva tropicali primaria typi terrae firmae.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, 30 km N of Manaus,
18 V 1977, Singer B 9663 (inpa). Additional col-
lections: same locality, 21 IV 1977, Singer B 977 1
(inpa); same locality and date, SingerB 9786 (inpa);
same locality, 3 VI 1977, Singer B 9921 (inpa).

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, 30 km N of Manaus,
20 X 1977, Singer B 10209 (inpa). Additional
collection: same locality, 9 II 1 978, SingerB 10615
(inpa).

This species is related to the following species
as well as to M. cundinamarcae Sing. It differs
from these species in the absence of a papilla or
umbo and in not or scarcely (only in superposition
weakly) pseudoamyloid hyphae and mostly 17-18
lamellae; from M. cundinamarcae, it also differs
in the size of pileus and stipe and in habitat (host
and forest type different).

In this variety, the lamellae of the fresh carpop-
hores are uniformly white but occasionally at the
margin of the pileus and often at the whole edge
ferruginous-reddish punctate when dried.

Marasmius scleronematis Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo albo vel albido, dein praesertim siccando
argillaceo vel grisello brunneo (e. gr. "nougat" vel
"almond" M&P), centro macula atra, brunneola,
fuliginea, zona lata alba circumdata variegato, gla-

Marasmius terraefirmae Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo primum albo vel albido, mox in zona inter
umbilicum et marginem et dein in tota superficie
centro excepto argillaceo ( 1 4 H 9 M&P); umbone
albido-sordido vel griseo vel fuscidulo in vegetis,
siccando argillaceo-griseolo vel biso-subatro vel
vix mutato, circulo zonario albo limitato in ve-
getis, in siccis obvio, glabro, sulcato, convexo, pri-
mum prominenter umbonato umbone obtuso, dein
umbilicato et umbone manifesto in umbilico or-
nato, 2.5-4(-6) mm lato. Lamellis albis, acie albis,

54

FIELDIANA: BOTANY

collario albo sed interdum siccando subargillaceo,
percurrentibus 18-26, plerumque ± 19-20. Stip-
ite fusco dein nigro apice primum albo, glabro,
setoso, insititio, 9-19 x 0.1-0.2 mm. Rhizomor-
phis atris haud visis. Carne alba, tenui, inodora.

Sporis 5-7.5 x 2.3-3.5 nm, plerumque 5.5-6.2
X 3-3.2 ^m, fusoideis vel oblongis, nonnullis el-
lipsoideis, levibus, hyalinis, inamyloideis. Hy-
menio: Basidiis 15-17 x 4.5-5.5 nm; basidiolis
fusoideis. Cystidiis nullis. Cheilocystidiis hyalinis,
forma sua elementis epicutis pilei simillimis. Hy-
phis in tramate pilei et tramate hymenophorali
regulari hyalinis, lente et debiliter sed sine dubio
nonnihil pseudoamyloideis, fibulatis. Epicute pilei
hymeniformi, ex elementis + subvesiculosis 14-
26 X 12-24/xm,hyalinisvelsubhyalinissedsetulis
typi Rotalis divergentibus subhyalinis vel argil-
laceo-brunneolis omatis, his 1-2.5 x (0.2-)0.5(-l)
fim.

Ad folia dicotyledonea diversa delapsa in silva
tropicali primaria typi terrae firmae gregatim, rar-
ius solitario.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, 30 km N of Manaus,
20 II 1 978, Singer B 10690 (inpa). Additional col-
lections: same locality, 30 I 1978, Singer B 10561
(inpa); same locality and date, Singer B 1056 la
(iNPA); same locality, 23 III 1978, Singer B 10830
(inpa).

This species is very close to the preceding. One
of our coUections (B 1 05 70) has larger carpophores
(pileus 6 mm broad; lamellae 1 8) but has an umbo
like the type collection, although the hyphae of the
pileus are inamyloid. This form which may seem
intermediate between both these species reminds
one somewhat of the forms around M. hylaeicola
Sing. This latter species, however, has a very dif-
ferent pileus color.

Marasmius xylodendron Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo rosaceo, umbone brunneo in vegetis et in
siccis, glabro, papilla mediana in centro applanato
pilei convexi omato, 1-1.2 mm lato. Lamellis al-
bis, acie albis, collario subappresso albido, adnatis,
latis vel latissimis, distantibus (octo percurrenti-
bus, omnibus aequalibus). Stipite castaneo, sub-
nigro in siccis, glabro, setoso, rhizomorphis insi-
titio, ±5 X 0.1 mm. Rhizomorphis stipiti
concoloribus, glabris vel raro excrescentiis hy-
phalibus obsitis, insititiis, longis, 0.1-0.2 mm
crassis. Carne alba, tenuissima, inodora.

Sporis 5.5-7.2 x 2.8-3.7 ^m, plerumque 6-7
X 3-3.3 tim, ellipsoideis vel oblongis, levibus, hy-
alinis, inamyloideis. Hymenio: Basidiis 16 x 6.5-
7 iim, tetrasporis; basidiolis fusoideis. Cystidiis
nullis. Cheilocystidiis elementis epicutis pilei sim-
illimis sed omnibus hyalinis. Hyphis hyalinis, de-
biliter vel haud pseudoamyloideis, fibulatis. Epi-
cute pilei in parte pilei rosacea hymeniformi, ex
elementis 13-19 x 5.5-9.5 Mm, subclavatis, saepe
firme vel crasse (usque ad 1 ^m diam.) tunicatis,
ad apicem setulis omatis, et interdum furcatis vel
lobatis, setulis 1.5-2 nm projicientibus, plerum-
que obtusis, hyalinis vel (plerumque) rosaceis
(pariete hyalinis vel roseolis in ammoniaco) effor-
mata; umbonis epicute hymeniformi vel subhy-
meniformi, ex elementis integris, haud setuligeris,
usque ad 1 7 x 6 ^m, subcylindraceis vel subcla-
vatis, pariete crassa lutea instructis efformata. Teg-
umento stipitis subnullo, nonnullis excrescentiis
hyphalibus admodum sparsis exceptis, hyphis in
eis inamyloideis (sed hyphae stipitis tramatis par-
allelae manifeste pseudoamyloideae).

Ad lignum emortuum in silva tropicali typi ter-
rae firmae.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, 30 km N of Manaus,
20 X 1977, Singer B 10216 (inpa).

Sect. Hygrometrici

Marasmius pichinchensis Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo aurantio-brunneo, sublevi vel sulcato, ob-
tuso, campanulato-convexo vel convexo, ±0.5
mm lato. Lamellis albis dein pallide grisello-cre-
meis, distantibus, 4-6 percurrentibus, lamellulis
vel furcatis nuUis vel una praesente, angustis vel
mediocriter latis, subliberis vel liberis. Stipite sub-
nigro, siccando bmnneo, apice frequenter pallid-
iore, glabro vel subglabro, insititio in rhizomor-
phis vel in substrato, breviusculo. Rhizomorphis
stipiti concoloribus praesentibus et cum basi stip-
itis frequentissime connexis.

Sporis 8-10.8 x 3.5^11, fusoideo-oblongis,lev-
ibus, hyalinis, inamyloideis. Hymenio: Basidiis 1 7-
18 X 5.5-6.5 nm, tetrasporis; basidiolis fusoideis.
Cystidiis (17-)26-28.5 x 5.5-6.8 Mm, ampulla-
ceis, lenuitunicatis, hyalinis. Cheilocystidiis ele-
mentis epicutis pilei simillimis sed pallidioribus
vel hyalinis. Hyphis hyalinis, inamyloideis, an-
guste filamentosis, haud gelatinosis, fibulatis. Ep-
icute pilei hymeniformi, ex elementis (10-) 14-20
X 5-13.5 nm, late ventricosis vel vesiculosis, typi

SINGER: NEW TAXA OF AGARICALES

55

Rotalis modo in medio vel tres quartis superior-
ibus omatis, setulis succineo-brunneis, 1-1.7 nm
longis, pariete ± 1 fim crassa hyalina vel succineo-
brunnea in corpore basali instructis, et inter ea
nonnullis hyphis terminalibus succineo-brunneis
nec non nonnullis dermatocystidiis efformata, der-
matocystidiis cystidiis hymenialibus simillimis.
Elementis setuliferis perpaucis ad apicem usque
ad 2 nm crasse tunicatis et permultis ad basin
tenuiter vel firme tunicatis.

Ad folia dicotyledonea delapsa in silva tropicali-
montana gregatim.

Typus— Ecuador, Pichincha, 24 km from sec-
tion of the Quito-Machachi road along the new
road, 7 VIII 1975, Dumont EC 2368 (ny).

This species differs from M. minutus Peck (=
M. capillipes Sacc. = M. pyrinus EUis) in the pres-
ence of rhizomorphs from which many of the stipes
rise. It differs from M. ilicis Sing. because of the
smaller number of percurrent lamellae and the
often rhizomorphigenous stipe. The following
species have less elongated spores and do not form
conspicuous rhizomorphs.

Marasmius pseudominutus Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo castaneobrunneo vel badio, ad marginem
interdum aurantio-brunneo, sulcato, campanula-
to, obtuso 1.5-2 mm lato. Lamellis pileo palli-
dioribus in siccis, sed albis vel albidis in vegetis,
5-7 percurrentibus, subangustis vel moderatim la-
tis, ascendentibus, demum horizontalibis, haud
collariatis adnatis. Stipite atrocastaneo vel sub-
nigro, glabro vel subglabro macroscopice, setoso,
6-13 X 0.1 mm., insititio in substrato. Rhizo-
morphis haud visis.

Sporis 6.5-10 x (3_)4_5 ^m, ellipsoideis vel
oblongis, levibus, hyalinis, inamyloideis. Hymen-
io: Basidiis 19-22.5 x (5-)7-8.5 fim, tetrasporis,
interdum cum paucis bisporis mixtis; basidiolis
fusoideis. Cystidiis cystidioliformibus vel vix pro-
fundius natis quam basidia, 15-25 x A.Z-%.5 ^im,
ampullaceis, hyalinis, tenuitunicatis, apice 4-7 x
1.3-5 nm, ad latera et acies lamellarum sat nu-
merosis sed moderatim conspicuis, interdum ad
latera elementis cheilocystidiis simillimis inter-
mixtis. Cheilocystidiis ad et prope aciem lamel-
larum subheteromorpham numerosis, rarius spar-
sis, aut elementis epicutis pilei simillimis sed

maxima e parte pallidioribus aut dimorphis (1)9-
20 X (4.5-)8.5-15 nm, ad apicem crasse (1.5-3
nm) tunicatis et brunneis, (2) pariete firma vel ten-
ui apice incluso, et apice haud discolori, omnibus
setulis typi Rotalis modo per unam vel duas tertias
superiores obsitis, setulis l-2(-4.5) nm longis,
ochraceo-melleis. Hyphis filamentosis, hyalinis et
tenuitunicatis vel firme tunicatis in pileo et in tra-
mate hymenophorali regulari, in stipite parallelis,
pariete pigmentatis, omnibus fibulatis et haud ge-
latinosis. Epicute pilei hymeniformi, ex elementis
utrique typo cheilocystidiorum simillimis et tunc
episcopice variegatis efformata, sed interdum typo
secundo sparso vel raro, 8-21 x 6.5-14 fim. Teg-
umento stipitis ex hyphis saepe ut cheilocystidia
setulosis sed dermatocystidiis nullis visis.

Ad folia arborea et herbacea dicotyledonea de-
lapsa in silva tropicali-submontana.

Typus— Panama, Panama, 2-3 km N of EI
Llano-Carti road in leaves of Cecropia sp., 200-
250 m alt, 29 VI 1975, Dumont P 1488 (ny).
Additional collections: Venezuela, Sucre, on her-
baceous sticks, 15 VII 1972, Dumont et al. (ny);
Bolivia, La Paz, Nor-Yungas, Rio Llolosa, on tough
dicotyledonous leaves, 31 I 1956, Singer B 758
(lil). Both these collections had not been separated
by me from M. ilicis Sing.

Specimens of M ilicis Sing., typus, have spores
7-9 X 3.5-3.8 nm. Thus, in M. pseudominutus,
with spores (3-)4-5 nm broad, the latter are de-
cidedly broader. Furthermore, M. pseudominutus
has 5-7, M. ilicis ± 10 percurrent lamellae. While
the host in sect. Hygrometrici is mostly rather spe-
cific, in M. minutus Peck and M. pseudominutus
it is variable. Marasmius minutus grows on leaves
ofSyringa, Acer, Ulmus, Fraxinus, Populus, Pyrus
and has smaller spores (mostly 6-7.8 x 2.5-3.3
nm, rarely larger) than M. pseudominutus. Mar-
asmius minutus and M. corbariensis (Roume-
guere) Sing. are the only species of the section
which occur in the northem extratropical zone,
but the following species occurs in the temperate
zone of the southem hemisphere.

Marasmius sphaerodermatoides Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo atrocastaneo (prope "leafmold" M&P) ad
marginem bmnneo ("Cochin" M&P), in siccis un-
icolori ("kis kilim" M&P), convexo, centro mox

S6

HELDIANA: BOTANY

leniter depresso vel applanato, sulcato, glabro, 1 .5-
3.5 mm lato. Lamellis albis, mediocriter latis, 8-
14 percurrentibus, raro una cum lamellula aut una
vel duabus furcatis, nonnumquam una vel duabus
perangustis immixtis, attenuato-subliberis. Stipite
castaneo, apice in juvenilibus albo, in parte super-
iore subtiliter pruinoso sed macroscopice glabro,
in parte inferiore haud pruinato, setoso, insititio,
± 20 X 0.2 mm. Rhizomorphis nullis. Carne ten-
uissima, alba, inodora.

Sporis 7-8 x 3.5-4.2 ixm, ellipsoideis, levibus,
hyalinis, inamyloideis. Hymenio: Basidiis 20-27
X 6-7.2 fim, tetrasporis. Cystidiis 24-27 x 5-7
^m, apice ± 2 /im diam., ampullaceis, ad latera
sparsis, acie versus frequentioribus, hyalinis, in-
tegris. Cheilocystidiis (saepe sparsis) elementis ep-
icutis pilei simillimis sed plerumque pallidioribus.
Hyphis in pileo et apice stipitis tenuitunicatis vel
nonnullis crassiuscule tunicatis, fibulatis, inamy-
loideis, haud gelatinosis. Epicute pilei hymenifor-
mi, ex elementis 1 1-23 x 9-17.5 fim, obpirifor-
mibus vel globosis, typi Rotalis modo setulis 1.2-
2.2 X 0.4 fim, divergentibus obsitis efformata, his
castaneis vel ochraceo-brunneis, nonnullis hyalin-
is vel subhyalinis vel melleis, corpore basali par-
iete supeme crassa (1-2.5 fim), hyalina, straminea,
pallide ochracea instructo. Tegumento stipitis ex
hyphis corticalibus verticalibus extemis distanter
diverticulato-spinulosis et dermatocystidiis di-
morphis ut minime in parte superiore stipitis ef-
formato: (1) ± 23 x 8 nm, apice e gr. 7.2 x 1.8
nm, ampullaceis, hyalinis; (2) ± 1 1 x 4.2 nm,
clavatis vel cylindraceis, typi Rotalis modo div-
erticulis sterigmatoideis, 1.5-2.5 nm longis, div-
ergentibus obsitis, brunneolis vel brunneolo-hy-
alinis; his cheilocystidiis, illis cystidiis
hymenialibus analogis.

Ad folia delapsa Ligustri nec non ad folia Er-
yngii in silvis extratropicalibus.

Typus— Argentina, Buenos Aires, Parque Per-
eyra, 20 VI 1 962, G. E. Horak, SingerS201 (bafc).

This species can be distinguished from others
by the dimorphous dermatocystidia of the stipe
and it is the only one that has been observed in
the province of Buenos Aires. M. sphaerodermus
var. major Speg. (An. Soc. Cient. Arg. 10: 126.
1880) is identical. It is possible that the large-
spored forms of A/. minutus which have been re-
ported (M. S. Gilliam, Mycotaxon 4: 109. 1976)
in North America actually belong to M. sphae-
rodermatoides.

Sect. Androsacei

Marasmius campinaranae Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo griseolo-brunneo, glabro, levi, convexo,
obtuso, haud umbilicato, 2-3 mm lato. Lamellis
pileo concoloribus sed ad aciem subpallidis, per-
currentibus 10-12, compluribus lamellulis inter-
mixtis, sed haud didymis, mediocriter latis, mod-
eratim distantibus, variabiliter adnexis. Stipite
atrobrunneo, in parte inferiore pubescentia con-
colori, in parte superiore pubescentia hyalina ob-
tecto sed demum glabrescente, aequali, setoso, in-
sititio, 15 X 0.1 mm. Rhizomorphis nigris cum
stipite haud connexis et telepodiis praesentibus.
Carne tenuissima, inodora.

Sporis(8.5-)9-13 x 3.2^.5 nm{Q= ± 3), ob-
longis, levibus, hyalinis, inamyloideis. Hymenio:
Basidiis 25 x 8.5 nm, tetrasporis; basidiolis fu-
soideis. Cystidiis nullis. Cheilocystidiis in acie het-
eromorpha 24-37 x 9-16 Mm, ventricoso-clavatis
vel subvesiculosis, levibus vel sinuosis, paucis vel
multis ad apicem nonnullis appendicibus digiti-
formibus omatis, omnio hyalinis. Hyphis in tra-
mate pilei et in tramate hymenophorali regulari
hyalinis, haud gelatinosis, subparallelis, 2-4 nm
latis, fibulatis, eis pilei supra hymenium haud pig-
mentatis, supeme gradatim magis brunneo-in-
crustatis, omnibus inamyloideis. Epicute pilei non
hymeniformi sed trichodermiali, ex elementis in-
tertextis, nonnullis ex eis latissimis (usque ad 30
fim diam.), atrobrunneo-incrustatis, cellulis ter-
minalibus saepe dermatocystidioideis et plerum-
que appendiculis simplicibus vel furcatis apicali-
bus et interdum etiam lateralibus omatis efformata.
Hypodermio ex hyphis plerumque radiatim dis-
positis, brunneo-incrustatis, 3-5 fim latis effor-
mato. Tegumento stipitis prope basin ex elementis
piliformibus efformato; pilis basin versus crasse
(1-2 Mm deorsum, 0.4-0.7 /am apicem versus) tun-
icatis, cylindraceis, 27-95 nm longis, strato exter-
mo parietis brunneo, intemo hyalino, apice ro-
tundatis, 5-9 nm latis, sed ad basin usque ad 23
nm incrassatis efformato; pilis hyalinis apicis stip-
itis eis Marasmii hakgalensis simillimis.

Ad folia coriacea dicotyledonea delapsa in silva
tropicali arenosa typi campinaranae gregatim.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, along road Manaus-
Caracarai, km 45, 28 II 1979, Singer B 10724
(inpa).

Marasmius campinaranae is in its habitat rather
common and may be considered ambiguous be-
tween Marasmius, sect. Androsacei and Maras-

SINGER: NEW TAXA OF AGARICALES

57

miellus because of the inamyloid trama but in view
of the hairs of the stipe, quite similar to those of
M. hakgalensis Petch, appears to belong in the
neighborhood of the latter. It differs from M. hak-
galensis in much larger spores.

Marasmius polylepidis var. jujuyensis Sing., var.
nov.

Pileo centro haud depresso sed minute papillato
et praesentia rhizomorpharum nigrarum a var. po-
lylepidis differt. Ad foha Polylepidis australis Bit-
ter.

Typus— Argentina, Jujuy, Lagunas de Yala, 16
II 1966, Singer T 5202 {T).

Marasmius tasmaniensis Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo in siccis palUde sordideque brunneolo,
margine pallidiore, glabro, sulcato, convexo, cen-
tro applanato vel lenissime depresso, in depres-
sione minute papillato, ± 3 mm lato. Lamellis
albidis, distantibus, 7-9 percurrentibus, nonnuUis
margini haud porrigentibus, aliis furcatis, aliis len-
iter anstomosantibus, moderatim latis, intermix-
tis, adnatis vel adnexis. Stipite atrofusco vel nigro
in maturis, glabro, nitido, setoso, insititio, 20-40
X 0.1-0.2 mm. Rhizomorphis nigris numerosis
sed cum stipite haud connexis. Carne tenui, ino-
dora.

Sporis (5.5-)6.5-7.5 x 3.2-3.5 fim, ellipsoideis
vel oblongis, neque fusoideis neque cylindraceis,
levibus, hyalinis, inamyloideis. Hymenio: Basidiis
16.5-23 X 6.5-7.5 nm, tetrasporis; basidiolis
subfusoideis. Cystidiis nullis. Cheilocystidiis 7-25
X 3.5-10 /im, setulis plerumque apicalibus et acu-
tis, numerosis, leniter divergentibus 1.5-3(-4) x
0.5(-l) Mfn obsitis, tenuitunicatis et hyalinis cla-
vatis. Hyphis in pileo inamyloideis, hyalinis, fi-
lamentosis, 3-6.5 nm diam., aliis tenuitunicatis,
aliis pariete 0.7-1 ^m instructis, fibulatis; eis stip-
itis parallelis, pigmento intraparietali sed haud in-
crustante in strato corticali coloratis, debiliter
pseudoamyloideis in parte intema. Epicute pilei
haud hymeniformi, sed ex hyphis irregulariter dis-
positis versus superficiem ipsam diverticulis ple-
rumque obtusis 2-3 x 1-1.3 ^m exasperatis ef-
formata. Hypodermio ex hyphis repentibus
hyalinis, intermittenter pallide fuscidulo-ochra-
ceis sed haud manifeste incrustatis efformato. Teg-
umento stipitis nullo, sed hyphis extermis corti-

calibus, praesentibus ad apicem stipitis, minute
diverticulatis.

Ad folia nothofaginea delapsa gregatim in silvis
nothofagineis.

Typus— Australia, Tasmania, near Rorentine
River, Adamsfield Track, 400 m alt, 42°43'S;
146°24.5'E, 27 I 1977, /. Engel 13629 (f).

This new species is related to M. pilgerodendri
Sing. and M. yalae Sing., both from southem South
America. From the latter it differs in the presence
of blackish rhizomorphs and the host; from the
former in less distinctly pseudoamyloid hyphae
and narrower and less numerous lamellae. Mar-
asmius androsaceus (L. ex Fr.) Fr. has strongly
incmsting pigment in the epicutis of the pileus as
well as in the hypodermium, but this species as
previously cited from Australia and New Zealand
may well belong to M. tasmaniensis. Marasmius
eucalypti Berk. has conspicuous dermatocystidia
on the stipe (Pegler).

Marasmius truncorum Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo gilvo, centro pallidiore, ex toto demum
leniter pallescente, glabro, haud viscido, ad mar-
ginem sulcato, in siccis vix planis, convexo, mox
centro leniter depresso, obtuso, ± 3 mm lato. La-
mellis albis, distantibus, percurrentibus typice
novem, e lamellulis tridymis, haud intervenosis,
ventricosis, adnexis. Stipite subatro, pubescentia
hyalina tecto, aequali, insititio, setoso, ± 18x0.1
mm. Rhizomorphis nigris praesentibus, sed cum
stipitibus haud connexis, stipite subtenuioribus,
pubescentibus. Carne inodora.

Sporis (5.5-)6.3-8 x (2.5-)3.3 nm, ellipsoideis
vel oblongis, levibus, hyalinis, inamyloideis. Hy-
menio: Basidiis 16-20 x 5.7 jim, tetrasporis; bas-
idiolis fusoideis vel anguste clavatis vel subcylin-
draceis. Cystidiis nullis. Cheilocystidiis ad aciem
vix heteromorpham inter basidia et basidiola 10-
16 X 5-8 Mm, versiformibus, ex appendiculis dig-
itiformibus apicalibus et frequenter etiam later-
alibus scobiformibus et interdum subramosis, ap-
pendiculis 2-6 x 1 ^m, omnino hyalinis et
inamyloideis. Hyphis pilei et tramatis hymeno-
phoralis regularis filamentosis, hyalinis, defibu-
latis, inamyloideis vel lenissime pseudoamyloid-
eis, in stipite parallelis, subcrassitunicatis, multis
ex eis pseudoamyloideis, in rhizomorphis pseu-
doamyloideis. Epicute pilei haud hymeniformi sed
ex elementis intertextis diverticulis ascendentibus

58

FIELDIANA: BOTANY

et erectis omatis, hyalinis vel leniter brunneo-in-
crustatis efformata. Hypodermio ex elementis hy-
phalibus magis pigmento incrustatis quam in ep-
icute, sat latis efformato. Tegumento stipitis pilis
subhyalinis vel stramineis vel pallide fulvis, crasse
(1-2 fim, apicem versus subtenuius) tunicatis 18-
61 X 4-7 nm, ad apicem plerumque rotundatis
efformato. Tegumento ex elementis piliformibus
eis stipitis simillimis, plerumque subfulvis effor-
mato.

Ad lignum emortuum arborum in silva tropi-
cali.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, Ponta Negra, 2 VII
1978, Singer B 11267 (inpa).

Descriptio antecedens ad var. truncorum refert.

Marasmius truncorum var. ramorum Sing., var.
nov.

A var. truncorum lamellis minus distantibus—
percurrentibus 16-17— nec non habitatione et area
geographica differt. Ad stipulas ligneas ramorum
et ramulorum in silva tropicali-montana quercu-
bus dominata solitario.

Typus— Costa Rica, Cartago, El Empalme, 2300
m alt., 25 VII 1981, Singer B 12416 (f).

Sect. Sicci

Marasmius adisianus Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo subferrugineo-aurantiaco, interdum, prae-
cipue in siccis vibicibus radialibus pallidioribus
variegato sed haud albido-virgato, in centro levi
vel minutissime venoso-corrugato, ferrugineo,
ceterum fortiter sulcato per quatuor quintas partes
radii, conico-applanato, obtusato vel umbone ex-
iguo centrali omato, 12-14 mm lato. Lamellis al-
bis, acie albis sed siccando partim, praesertim stip-
item versus, pileo concoloribus, haud intervenosis,
rarius paucis venis interlamellaribus notatis, me-
diocriter latis, mediocriter distantibus vel subdis-
tantibus (13-15 percurrentibus), subliberis, inter-
dum subcollariatis. Stipite castaneo, apice albo sed
circum lamellas, praecipue in siccis, colore pilei
cingulato, glabro, levi, aequali, 49-51 x 0.8 mm.
Mycelio basali tomentoso, sparso.

Sporis 11-12 X 3-3.5 tim, fusoideis, interdum
leniter curvulis, levibus, hyalinis, inamyloideis.

Hymenio: Basidiis 24.5-25 x 4.7-5.5 iim, basi-
diolis fusoideis, acutis. Cystidiis moderatim nu-
merosis et moderatim conspicuis, 26-34 x 5.5-
7.5 tim, versiformibus, saepe clavatis, utriformi-
bus, nonnullis apice truncatis vel appendiculatis
uno vel duobus appendiculis apicalibus, sterig-
matoideis vel subcapitatis, opacis, hyalinis, pro-
fundius radicantibus quam basidia, sed ultra ba-
sidia vix projicientibus, nonnullis incrustatione
tenui resinacea fragmentata pallide ochrea obtec-
tis, pariete firma instructis. Cheilocystidiis ele-
mentisepicutis pilei simillimis sed hyalinis, setulis
hyalinis vel luteolis. Hyphis in pileo et tramate
hymenophorali regulari hyalinis, irregularibus et
diametro variabili, intertextis, tenuiter vel firme
tunicatis (pariete 0.2-0.4 ^im), haud gelatinosis,
fortiter pseudoamyloideis, ± 3-10 mm latis, fi-
bulatis. Epicute pilei hymeniformi, ex elementis
interdum exiguis, hyalinis, setulis apicalibus typi
Sicci modo omatis, setulis plemmque luteolis, 5-
10 nm longis instmctis, pariete firma munitis ef-
formata.

Ad folia dicotyledonea delapsa in silva inun-
dabili aquae albae (varzea), gregatim.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, Lago Janauari, 18
III 1983, leg. Singer, Adis & Araujo Aguiar, Singer
B 12454 (INPA).

This species is to be inserted between M. spe-
gazzinii Sacc. and M. pseudocorrugatus Sing. It
differs from the latter in color, from the former in
more distant lamellae, from both in habitat and
less conspicuous cystidia. The species is dedicated
to Dr. J. Adis whose merits in the ecological ex-
ploration of the varzea are herewith acknowl-
edged.

Marasmius asemiformis Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo saturate fermgineo-aurantiaco, centro au-
rantio-fermgineo, in junioribus saturate rufes-
cente-castaneo, centro levi sed circum centmm
saepe corrugato-venoso, haud sulcato, glabro, con-
vexo et obtuso, dein centro applanato vel leniter
depresso vel umbilicato, 14-1 5 mm lato. Lamellis
albis vel albidis, acie in vegetis et siccis albis vel
albidis, angustis vel moderatim latis, confertissim-
is, haud intervenosis, adnexis vel liberis. Stipite
primitus albo, mox castaneo vel brunneo in parte
inferiore, ex integro pminoso vel pubescente pu-
bescentia alba, praesertim notabili in parte infer-
iore, aequali, 34-39 x 1-1.2 mm. Mycelio basali

SINGER: NEW TAXA OF AGARICALES

59

fibrilloso, in siccis fulvescente, interdum sparso.
Carne alba, immutabili, inodora.

Sporis 7-1 1 X 2.5-3.7 nm, plerumque 8-10 x
3.2-3.7 nm, fusoideis, interdum fusoideo-subcy-
lindraceis vel oblongis, levibus, hyalinis, inamy-
loideis. Hymenio: Basidiis 18-23 x 5-6.5 nm, te-
trasporis; basidiolis fusoideis. Cystidiis rarissimis,
interdum absentibus, ampullaceis, hyalinis, ± 25
X 10 nm. Cheilocystidiis 8-17 x 5-6.5 /xm, cla-
vatis vel ventricosis, typi Sicci modo setulis api-
calibus 4-20, plerumque 5-10 x 1-1.5 nm, acutis
vel rarius obtusis omatis, tenuitunicatis, ex integro
hyalinis. Hyphis in tramate hymenophorali re-
gulari hyalinis, filamentosis, interdum usque ad
15 ^m inflatis, et tunc saepe multiseptatis, om-
nibus pariete tenuissima vel tenui, pseudoamy-
loidea instructis, fibulatis, haud gelatinosis. Epi-
cute pilei hymeniformi, ex elementis typi Sicci
modo setulosis efformatis, corpore basali 11-15
X 5-8 nm, tenuitunicato, hyalino, setulis (3-)4-9
fim longis, plerumque acutis vel subacutis, rarius
magis elongatis aut obtusatis, aureo-flavis. Tegu-
mento stipitis dermatocystidiis versiformibus, hy-
alinis, integris, raro apice bilobis, tenuiter vel firme
tunicatis, numerosis, 10-50 x 3-9 /xm, aut clavatis
et brevibus aut utriformibus aut ventricosis et mu-
cronatis aut subfilamentosis e. gr. 4 1 x 3 ^m, hinc
inde leniter inflatis (usque ad 5 nm) aut cylindricis
vel ventricosis et brevibus, saepe bilobis, aut am-
pullaceis et 28-34 x 5.5-7 /itm aut late ventricosis
vel subvesiculosis et 10-16 x 5-9 nm aut ventri-
cosis cum appendiculo digitali laterali.

Ad detritum et petiola foliorum dicotyledoneo-
rum in silva secundaria argillosa.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, Manaus, 20 III 1983,
Singer B 12457 (f). Additional collection: same
locality, 22 VI 1981, Singer B 12194 (f).

This species is related to M. asemus (see below)
and M. araucariae Sing.

abundante, e pallido fulvescente. Carne tenui, in-
odora.

Sporis 9-1 1.5 x 3.5-4.5 nm (Q = 2.3-2.6), ob-
longis, levibus, hyalinis, inamyloideis. Hymenio:
Basidiis 22 x 6 ^ni, tetrasporis; basidiolis fuso-
ideis. Cystidiis 27-30 x 6-6.7 nm, subclavatis vel
sat anguste ventricosis, interdum 1 -appendiculatis
vel capitulatis, pariete tenui, tum firma, refrin-
gente, hyalinia praeditis, contentu visibili desti-
tutis. Cheilocystidiis elementis epicutis pilei sim-
illimis sed omnibus ex integro hyalinis. Hyphis
pilei et hymenophori hyalinis, tenuiter vel crasse,
plerumque firme tunicatis, pseudoamyloideis, fi-
bulatis. Epicute pilei hymeniformi, elementis om-
nibus typi Sicci modo setulosis; corpore basali 1 4-
20 X 5.5-9.5/101, hyalinovel flavido-hyalino,ten-
uiter vel firme tunicato; setulis hyalinis vel flavido-
hyalinis vel aureo-melleis, 6.5-10 iim longis, acu-
tis, vel subacutis vel rarius obtusis, conicis. Teg-
umento stipitis e dermatocystidiis numerosissim-
is, integris, satis angustis effbrmato, his (10-)20-
30 X 3.5-6.5 nm, versiformibus, hyalinis vel sub-
hyalinis, obtusis, raro bifurcatis vel breviter ap-
pendiculatis vel capitulatis, frequenter subcylin-
draceis.

Ad folia dicotyledonea delapsa in silva primaria
tropicali typi terrae firmae.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, 30 km N of Manaus,
18 I 1978, SingerB 10545 (inpa). Additional col-
lection: same locality and date, Singer B 10546
(inpa).

Marasmius asemiformis and M. araucariae Sing.
are related. The first one has somewhat smaller
spores, somewhat broader lamellae, and less dis-
tinct cystidia than M. asemus; the second of these
species differs from M. asemus in absence of cys-
tidia and a different host. Marasmius chrysoble-
pharis Sing. has discolorous lamellar edges and
somewhat narrower spores.

Marasmius asemus Sing., spec. nov.

Marasmius centroamericanus Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo laete ferrugineo, marginem versus leniter
pallidiore, glabro, levi, convexo, centro applanato
vel subumbonato, margine demum frequenter ele-
vato, 6-13 mm lato. Lamellis albis, angustissimis,
linearibus, frequenter furcatis, sed haud interven-
osis, confertissimis, adnexis. Stipite fulvo-casta-
neo, apice albo, subtiliter pruinato ex integro, ae-
quali, cavo, 30-33 x 0.8-1.2 mm. Mycelio basali

Pileo atrobrunneo (inter "moose" et "bark"
M&P) vel leniter clariore sed in siccis semper su-
batro, sed in vegetis et siccis coriicolore radialiter
variegato secundum sulcos sat profundos, glabro
vel subvelutino, primum subhemisphaerico-con-
vexo, mox centro depresso, dein convexo, centro
abrupte sat profunde depresso, 1 5-34 mm cc. lato.
Lamellis albidis vel albis, distantibus, haud inter-

60

HELDIANA: BOTANY

venosis, sat latis, subliberis. Sporis in massa albis.
Stipite tabacinc-brunneo, saepe magis fulvo-
brunneo ad apicem, glabro, aequali, cavo, ± 50-
75 X 2-3 mm, apice interdum dilatato usque ad
6.5 mm diam.; mycelio basali alba, fibrilloso. Carne
pilei alba.

Sporis 7-9.3 x 2-3 ^m (paucis in typo), levibus,
inamyloideis. Hymenio: Basidiis 15-26 x 4.8-6.5
^m, tetrasporis; basidiolis fusoideis. Cystidiis nul-
lis. Cheilocystidiis 9-19 x 6-6.5 nm, subcylin-
dricis, hyalinis et setulis typi Sicci modo apicalibus
spinulosis hyalinis vel brunneo-hyalinis, 1-3 fim
altis omatis. Hyphis tramatis hymenophoralis re-
gularis hyalinis, haud gelatinosis, sat latis (5-15
/im diam.), tenuiter tunicatis, fibulatis, pseudoa-
myloideis. Epicute pilei hymeniformi, ex elemen-
tis ut cheilocystidia setulosis efformata; corpore
basali exiguo, 5-9 x 2.5—4.5 nm, plerumque sub-
hyalino; setulis 5-8 x 1-1.3 ^"1, in cenlro apicis
erectis, ceterum saep>e obliquis, brunneis, paucis
hyalinis, acutis. Tegumento stipitis nullo.

Ad lignum (Pini) et acus nec non ad folia di-
cotyledonea delapsa et gramina emortua in silvis
tropicali-montanis vel subalpinis.

Typus— Costa Rica, Alajuela, prope viam Can-
as-Upala, Rio Chiquito, X 1982, Gomez 18649
(F).

A collection from Mexico, Puebla, Paso de
Cortes, 3600 m alt., Guzmdn 4696 (mex) seems
to belong to the same species. This and the type
of M. centroamericanus differ from M. napoensis
Sing. in relatively narrower spores and the absence
of broom cells on the stipe. Marasmius leoninus
Berk. differs in the color of the pileus.

subfusoideis, levibus, hyalinis, inamyloideis. Hy-
menio: Basidiis 28-30 x 6-7 /xm, clavatis, tetras-
poris; basidiolis plerumque fusoideis. Cystidiis
cystidioliformibus, rarissimis, aut sine appendi-
culo et sine setulis aut appendiculo unico tenuis-
simo elongato apicali aut compluribus setulis 2-
2.5 nm longis apicalibus omatis, omnino hyalinis
et tenuitunicatis. Cheilocystidiis ad aciem heter-
omorpham setuligeris typi Sicci modo, corpore
basali e. gr. 17 x 6.5 iim, tenuitunicato, cylindra-
ceo vel clavato, setulis obtusis 5-5.5 nm longis.
Hyphis monomorphis, tenuitunicatis, fibulatis,
haud gelatinosis, pseudoamyloideis in pileo hy-
alinis. Epicute pilei hymeniformi ex elementis di-
morphis efformata, (1) cellulis clavato-pedicellatis
vel subcylindraceis, interdum sursum furcatis, ad
apicem setulis plus minusve erectis typi Sicci modo
omatis, cinnamomeis in corpore basali 15-39 x
5.5-1 1 nm; setulis interdum flexuosis vel digiti-
formibus, 3-13 x i-2(-3) nm, brunneolo-rubris,
(2) 11.5-22 X 5.5-12 nm, setulis destitutis, vesi-
culosis vel ventricosis, totis hyalinis; pigmento typi
primeri in KOH pallescente (in corpore basali us-
que ad melleum pallidum vel bubalinum, in setulis
usque ad melleum colorem).
Ad folia emortua in silva tropicali.

Typus— Costa Rica, Heredia, near Puerto Viejo,
OTS Station "La Selva", 22 XII 1979, D. J. Lodge
284 (F).

This species is related to M. corrugatus Pat. and
M. leoninus Berk., but differs in its characteristic
colors.

Marasmius shideiae Sing., s{>ec. nov.

Marasmius costaricensis Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo sordide purpureo (prope "Morocco R," in
siccis "carbuncle" M&P), in sulcis pallidiore, intra
sulcos obscuriore, glabro, profunde sulcato, sed
sulcis brevibus, centro venoso-rugoso vel scrobi-
culato, interdum unilateraliter sublevi, e convexo
sat late depresso, 20-21 mm lato. Lamellis cre-
meo-albis, sat latis, subventricosis, haud inter-
venosis, liberis vel subliberis. Stipite castaneo, gla-
berrimo, ad apicem dilatatum purpurascente-
castaneo et subtiliter punctulato, sub lente partim
innate sericeo-striato, levi, subaequali, 65 x 0.6-
0.7 mm. Mycelio basali praesente. Carne pilei alba.

Sporis (7.5-)8-9 x 3-3.7(-4) fim, oblongis vel

Pileo albo, mox partim grisascente vel umbrino
(14 G 7 vel 8 E 1 1 M«&P) vel nonnihil dilutiore,
glabro, subzonato, convexo, frequenter umbilicato
vel centro depresso, usque ad 27 mm lato. La-
mellis albidis, in siccis fuscescentibus, moderatim
latis, confertis, haud intervenosis (2-3 pro mm ad
marginem pilei; 25-28 percurrentibus), sinuatis.
Stipite albido, mox vel maturitate subsepiaceo ut
minime in siccis, ex integro pruinato, 26-39 x 1-
1.5 mm. Mycelio basali sordide albo. Carne alba
in siccis pileis.

Sporis 8.7-1 1 x 3.5 ^tm, subfusoideis, ad latus
interius plerumque applanatis, levibus, hyalinis
inamyloideis. Hymenio: Basidiis 19-33 x 5-6.5
tim, tetrasporis; basidiolis fusoideis. Cystidiis nul-

SINGER: NEW TAXA OF AGARICALES

61

lis. Cheilocystidiis ad et prope aciem lamellarum
numerosis, e. gr. 15 x 5.5 fxm (sine setulis), cylin-
draceis vel subcylindraceis vel clavatis, typi Sicci
modo setulosis, hyalinis, setulis 5-20 nm longis,
submelleo-ochreis vel stramineis vel hyalinis, acu-
tis, interdum furcatis, ad latera lamellarum usque
ad 150 fim supra aciem ascendentibus. Hyphis
tramatis hymenophoralis regularis subparallelis,
hyalinis, pseudoamyloideis, fibulatis, haud gela-
tinosis, usque ad 1 8 nm latis et tenuitunicatis. Ep-
icute pilei hymeniformi, ex elementis 8-19 x 5-
9 nm (sine setulis), typi Sicci modo setulosis, hy-
alinis vel flavidis setulis concoloribus 3.5-6 x 1-
1.3 nm, acutis, parietibus omnibus tenuibus in-
structis effbrmata. Tegumento stipitis e derma-
tocystidiis e. gr. 10 x 4.5 ixm (sine setulis), cheil-
ocystidiis similibus efformato, sed setulis hyalinis
vel stramineo-hyalinis usque ad 20 nm longis, fre-
quenter furcatis, acutis, parietibus omnino firmis,
setulis apicalibus tantum at divergentibus.
Ad Bambuseas (Phyllostachys henonis Mitford).

Typus— Japan, Kyoto City, Yamashina-ku, Zu-
shioku, 24 VIII 1983, Shidei M 645 (f).

This species, related to M. spissus Gilliam and
M. heterocheilus Sing., is easily distinguishable
from both. It is dedicated to the collector.

ibus, setulis hyalinis vel fulvo-ochraceis. Hyphis
pilei hyalinis, tenuitunicatis, intertextis, 3-9 fim
latis, pariete tenuissima vel firma praeditis sed
haud dimorphis, septis (secundariis exceptis) fi-
bulatis, haud gelatinosis, pseudoamyloideis; eis
stipitis parallelis, pariete 0.2-0.4 /ttm crassa in-
structis, in parte inferiore stipitis pigmentatis pig-
mento intraparietali. Epicute pilei hymeniformi,
ex elementis typi Sicci modo setulosis efformata;
corpore basali 12-20 x 6-15 fim, vesiculoso et
plerumque pedicellato vel clavato, plerumque hy-
alino; setulis 1-7 x 1-1.5 ixm, erectis, hyalinis vel
fulvo-ochraceis, acutis vel obtusis, numerosis.
Tegumento stipitis cellulis setuligeris et pilis et
dermatocystidiis omnino destituto, subnullo.

Ad lignum putridum quercinum inter folia, gra-
mina, humum gregatim.

Typus— USA, IUinois, White Pine State Park, 1
IX 1975, Singer N 7539 (f).

This species is comparable to no other species
of North America, but comes closest to M. ben-
iensis Sing., M. napoensis Sing., M. leoninus var.
aberrans Sing., and M. centroamericanus Sing.

Marasmius tephromelanus Sing., spec. nov.

Marasmius submarginatus Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo primum subcinnamomeo ("spice" vel
"gold Br" M&P), dein subferrugineo ("feuille
morte" vel "spa-tan" M&P) glabro, primum sub-
striato dein sulcato, campanulato-convexo et ob-
tuso in juvenilibus, dein convexo et centro ap-
planato vel leniter depresso generatim circum
umbonem obtusum humilemque sed magis man-
ifestum in siccis, 8-2 1 mm latis. Lamellis albis vel
pallidis, acie in vegetis albis vel albidis sed sic-
cando linea angusta pileo concolori et frequenter
intermittente marginatis, didymis, latis, plerum-
que ± ventricosis, 13-15 percurrentibus, distan-
tibus vel subdistantibus, adnexis ad discum fer-
rugineum. Stipite brunneo apice albo, dein saturate
castaneo apice albido, cavo, aequali, 37-61 x 1-
1.5 mm. Mycelio basali fibrilloso, albo, fulves-
cente. Came alba, inodora.

Sporis 7.8-9.5(-10.5) x 3.5-5 nm, elhpsoideis,
ovato-oblongis, oblongis, fusoideis, levibus, hy-
alinis, inamyloideis. Hymenio: Basidiis 23-33 x
6-7 ^m. Cystidiis nullis. Cheilocystidiis elementis
epicutis pilei simillimis sed plerumque angustior-

Pileo griseo, in siccis fuligineo vel nigro-casta-
neo, rarius griseo-fusco sordide variegato, centro
atrogriseo vel griseo-brunneo, glabro, longe et pro-
funde sulcato in maturis, conico-campanulato, dein
convexo, obtuso vel minute papillato, 7-12 mm
lato, 5-10 mm alto. Lamellis albis vel sordide al-
bidis, acie pileo concoloribus, 7-8, distantibus,
mediocriter latis vel latis, spatiis interlamellaribus
saepe griseis, haud intervenosis, liberis. Stipite
umbrino vel atrobrunneo vel interdum castaneo,
apice primum albo vel albido, glabro, 20-22 x
(50) X 0.2-0.5(-l) mm. Mycelio basali plerumque
sparso, albido vel (in siccis) pallide fulvidulo, to-
mentoso vel strigoso. Carne inodora.

Sporis 10-14 X 3.3-4.3 fim, plerumque 11-12
X 3.5 fim, fusoideis, levibus, hyalinis, inamyloid-
eis. Hymenio: Basidiis 25-28 x 6.8-7 nm, tetras-
poris; basidiolis fusoideis. Cystidiis nullis. Cheil-
ocystidiis elementis epicutis pilei simillimis.
Hyphis pilei hyalinis vel subhyalinis, pseudoa-
myloideis, fibulatis, diametro variabili (3.3-17 /xm).
Elementis epicutis subhyalinis, setulis brunneis vel
subfuligineis acutis vel subacutis apicalibus or-
natis.

Ad lignum arborum dicotyledonearum e. gr.

62

nELDIANA: BOTANY

Nectandrae sed interdum ad folia putrescentia
iransiens, solitario.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, 30 km N of Manaus,
3 VI 1977, Singer B 9913 (inpa). Additional col-
lections: Colombia, El Valle, Buenaventura, Finca
La Flora, 3 IV 1968, Singer B 6310 (f); and
Brazil, Amazonas, 30 km N of Manaus, Singer B
9838 (iNPA).

The collections Singer B6310and Singer B 9838
are slightly different although they agree in all es-
sential characters including the characteristic gray
color of the pileus. Singer B 6310 does not tum
blackish on drying and Singer B 9838 is larger
than the type coUection.

Sect. Aliiacei

Marasmius calhouniae Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo pallide grisello-bubalino, dein fumoso vel
flavido-griseo vel rarius olivaceo-brunneo, plus
minusve hygrophano, siccando pallescente centro
striisque albicantibus, demum grisello-flavidis, in
siccis grisellis (in vegetis sec. collectorem 3 C atque
D 2, dein 4 D atque 2-3, disco striisque 4 B atque
C 4 Methuen), glabro, plicato-striato ad marginem
et in parte centrali circum discum, margine sub-
incurvo, convexo, dein repando, demum centro
vix vel late depresso, 5-30 mm lato. Lamellis al-
bidis, distantibus, mediocriter latis, adnatis vel
subdecurrentibus. Stipite pileo concolori vel par-
tim pallido, glabro macroscopice, 25-35 x 1-3
mm. Mycelio basali praesente, albido. Carne pilei
alba, pro ratione fragili in vegetis.

Sporis (8-)9-12.5(-13.8) x 4(-5) nm, plerum-
que 9-10.2 x 4 nm, oblongis, ad latus interius
minus convexis vel subdepressis, depressione su-
prahilari destitutis, levibus, hyalinis, inamyloid-
eis. Hymenio: Basidiis 2 1-43 x 5.5-6.5 ^im, (2-)4-
sporis; basidiolis fusoideis vel filamentosis vel an-
guste clavatis, ad basin fibula nulla. Cystidiis ad
acies et latera lamellarum praesentibus, ad aciem
magis numerosis, 22-66 x (5-)6-11.8 ^m, ven-
tricosis, plerumque ad apicem subcapitatum con-
strictis, obtusis, tenuiter vel firme tunicatis sed
haud crasse tunicatis, nonnullis subrefringentibus,
nonnullis longe pedicellatis, hyalinis, ad basin de-
fibulatis. Hyphis pilei et tramatis hymenophoralis
regularis hyalinis, haud gelatinosis, defibulatis, in
stipite 2-18 ^m diam. parallelis, in pileo haud vel
vix pseudoamyloideis, in stipite nonnullis lenis-

sime superpositione pseudoamyloideis, aliis ina-
myloideis. Hyphis oleiferis paucis, ± 6 ^m crassis
sed hinc inde dilatatis usque ad 13 nm. Epicute
pilei hymeniformi, ex elementis 15-26 x 7-19
nm, integris, ventricosis vel subventricosis vel
subvesiculosis, pedicellatis, tenuitunicatis, hyalin-
is, inamyloideis effbrmata; dermatocystidiis dif-
ferentiatis nullis. Tegumento stipitis ex elementis
eis epicutis pilei simillimis, vix hymeniformiter
dispositis (quamquam certis in locis sat dense ag-
gregata sint), frequenter pedicello magis elongato
praeditis effbrmato.

Ad folia acerosa delapsa Sequoiae, Pseudotsu-
gae, Pini, gregatim, interdum fasciculatim.

Typus— USA, Califomia, Marin County, Au-
dubon Canyon Ranch, II XI 1 98 1 , C. Calhoun 81-
2606 (f). Additional collections: same locality, 2 1
XI 1981, C. Calhoun 81-2703 (f); same locality,
29 XI 1981, C Calhoun 81-2770 (f, sfsu).

Considering the very slightly and only partly
pseudoamyloid reaction of some hyphae of the
trama and the habitat which varies between col-
lybioid and omphalioid, M. calhouniae may be
thought to be intermediate between sect. Alliacei
and sect. Globulares, and the absence of clamp
connections and the pigments remind one of Hy-
dropus. However, Hydropus has no continuous hy-
meniform epicutis. For this reason M. calhouniae
is closer to Marasmius sect. Alliacei where some
species are now known to lack clamps (or have
very few) and/or to show weakly pseudoamyloid
stipe-trama reaction. Such species have been com-
bined in subsect. Hydropodoides Sing. (Flora Neo-
tropica Mon. 32: 120. 1982). These species are:
M. marasmioides (Sing.) Sing., M. hydropodoides
Sing.; and M. dauliporpus Sing. M. caihouniae is
closely related to these.

Marasmius dauliporpus Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo albo, glabro, levi, dein leniter striato-sul-
cato sed haud per totum marginem, haud viscido,
convexo, mox centro depresso, 12-16 mm lato.
Lamellis albis, subdistantibus vel distantibus, an-
gustis, haud intervenosis, adnatis vel subdecur-
rentibus. Stipite albo, basin versus luteo, dein ful-
vo (sed prima juventute omnino albo), ex toto
pruinato, basin versus attenuato, 19-22 x 2.5 mm.
Carne alba.

Sporis 6-7.5 x 3.5-4.5(-5.3) ^im, ellipsoideis,
levibus, hyalinis, inamyloideis. Hymenio: Basidiis

SINGER: NEW TAXA OF AGARICALES

63

22-33 X 5-7.3 nm, plerumque 22-25.5 x 6-6.8
ixm, tetrasporis, paucis bisporis, multis fibula bas-
ali destitutis, paucis fibulatis. Cystidiis nullis.
Cheilocystidiis ad aciem lamellarum inter non-
nulla basidia numerosis, 31-32 x 8-9.5 nm, ven-
tricosis et sub apice capitato vel subcapitato (5.5-
6.5 nm diam.) constrictis (ibi 4.5-5.5 fim diam.),
tenuitunicatis, hyalinis. Hyphis ad septa primaria
et secundaria plerumque defibulatis, ad primaria
in tramate pilei et stipitis raro fibulatis, inamy-
loideis sed in stipite nonnullis fasciolis hypharum
debiliter pseudoamyloideis, parallelis vel subpar-
allelis, 3-18 (im latis; tramate hymenophorali re-
gulari, hyphis hic paucis debiliter pseudoamyloid-
eis vel vix pseudoamyloideis, haud gelatinosis.
Hyphis oleiferis sat numerosis, filamentosis, 1.5-
4.5 /um diam.; etiam nonnullis hyphis 1 8.5-25 /xm
latis, contentu amorpho vel filiformi insignibus
praesentibus. Epicute pilei hymeniformi, ex ele-
mentis 14-39.5 x 8-19.5 nm, clavatis vel ventri-
cosis vel subvesiculosis, ± pedicellatis, integris et
levibus, nonnullis corpusculo intemo amorpho
gaudentibus, sed plerumque optice vacuis; der-
matocystidiis hic haud differentiatis. Tegumento
stipitis e numerosis elementis eis epicutis pilei
simillimis, e. gr. 23 x 19 nm ad basin haud fi-
bulatis, sed multis dermatocystidiis intermixtis,
his cheilocystidiis simillimis, e. gr. 40-85 x 9-21
fim, i. e. saepe magis voluminosis.

Ad folia quercina delapsa in silva tropicali-
montana.

Sporis 6-8 x 2.5-4 fim, plerumque 6-7 x 3-
3.5 fim (Q = ± 2), subfusoideis, rarius fusoideo-
ellipsoideis, levibus, hyalinis, inamyloideis. Hy-
menio: Basidiis 13-19 x 5-6 nm, tetrasporis (an
omnia?); basidiolis fusoideis vel non fusoideis.
Cystidiis inconspicuis, 17-20 x 5 ^m, ampulla-
ceis, tenuitunicatis, rarius fusoideis, paucis et cys-
tidioliformibus. Cheilocystidiis e cellula minuta
basali 3-5.5 x 2.5-5.5 nm natis, 8-26 x 1.5-4
^m, simplicibus vel bifurcatis, strictis rigidulisque,
pariete tenui vel firma instructis, obtusis vel rarius
acutis, incrustatione tenuissima applicata resina-
cea iodi ope confluente et castanescente obtectis,
interdum ex hyphis subjacentibus immediate (sine
corpusculo basali) formatis; acie lamellarum het-
eromorpha. Hyphis tramatis hymenophoralis re-
gularis filamentosis, 1 .5-3.3 nm latis, paucis magis
inflatis, haud gelatinosis, inamyloideis, stipitis
parallelis, filamentosis, firme tunicatis, paucis ten-
uiter tunicatis, inamyloideis, fibulatis (paucis sep-
tis simplicibus visis). Epicute pilei epitheliali sed
plerumque uni-stratosa, ex elementis vesiculosis,
subisodiametricis vel isodiametricis, tenuiter vel
firme tunicatis, in margine pilei hyalinis vel sub-
hyalinis, inamyloideis, 20-2 1x19 ^m effbrmata;
dermatocystidiis haud visis. Tegumento stipitis ex
elementis cheilocystidiis simillimis sed saepius
haud incrustatis et tenuitunicatis, numerosis, 1 0-
26 X 2-4 ixm effbrmato.

Ad lignum putrescens in silvis quercinis (Quer-
cus oleioides) tropicalibus gregatim.

Typus— Costa Rica, Cartago, El Empalme, 2300
m alt., 23 VII 1981, Singer B 12410 (f).

This species is closely related to M. calhouniae
and differs in smaller spores, nearly absent pileus-
pigment, yellow or fulvous pigmentation of the
stipe, absence of pleurocystidia, and different hab-
itat.

Typus— Costa Rica, Guanacaste, Parque Na-
cional de Santa Rosa, 25 VI 1 98 1 , Singer B 12470
(F).

This species is remarkable because of the shape
of its cheilocystidia and the elements of the cov-
ering of the stipe.

Marasmius guanacastensis Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo griseolo margine albido, sed frequenter ex
toto leniter brunneolo-ochrascente, glabro, haud
viscido, levi, convexo, papillato, 9-12 mm lato.
Lamellis albis, horizontalibus, angustissimis, haud
intervenosis, adnatis. Stipite albido, dein subgri-
seolo vel alutaceo-bubalino, macroscopice glabro
sed sub lente subtiliter pubescente, fortius ad ap-
icem, aequali, in substrato saepe inserto, 12-25 x
0.7-1 mm. Mycelio basali sericeo-lanoso vel fi-
brilloso, albo, sparso. Carne alba, tenui, inodora.

Marasmius hydropodoides Sing., sp>ec. nov.

Pileo fusco-fuligineo ("moose" vel "bark"
M«&.P), unicolori, subglabro macroscopice in ve-
getis sed in maturis frequenter subtiliter rimuloso
in centro et rivulosulo marginem versus, levi in
centro sed longe et fortiter sulcato marginem ver-
sus, haud viscido, convexo, dein leniter depresso
vel fortiter depresso in centro et margine primum
incurvo dein applanato vel convexulo, 27-54 mm
lato. Lamellis albis sed frequenter spatio interla-
mellari atro, in maturis intervenosis, subdistan-
libus, ad aciem frequenter bisis, adnatis, rarius

64

HELDIANA: BOTANY

breviter decurrentibus. Stipite albo, dein e basi
gradatim fulvo et demum apicem versus fuscidulo,
subtiliter pubescente, sed demum glabrescente in
parte inferiore, haud atro-maculato, haud viscido,
haud nitido, solido, aequali vel basin versus min-
ime attenuato, ad ipsam basin plerumque leniter
dilatato et interdum ibi cum vicinis connato, 50-
70 X 2-4 mm. Carne alba, immutabili, camoso-
tenaci; odore nullo; sapore miti.

Sporis 5-7.5 x (2.5-)3-4 ^m, ellipsoideis, pau-
cis cylindraceis, ovoideis, clavatis, levibus, gutta
centrali olei impletis, hyalinis, inamyloideis, acy-
anophilis. Hymenio: Basidiis 25-31 (-33) x 5.5-8
fim, tetrasporis; basidiolis cylindraceis vel fre-
quentius fusoideis. Cystidiis metuloideis nume-
rosis ad aciem et latera lamellarum, (50-)70-l 17
X 12-22 nm, obtusis, crassitunicatis in parte me-
dia, tenuius vel tenuiter tunicatis ad apicem et ad
basin, plerumque ventricosis vel ventricoso-cla-
vatis, interdum utriformibus vel ampullaceis, par-
iete usque ad 3.5 ixm crassa instructis, haud in-
crustatis (neque crystallis neque massa resinacea),
ad basin profundam fibulatis, interdum appendi-
culo brevi obtuso munitis, strato intemo parietis
nonnihil cyanophilo, cetemm acyanophilis, ina-
myloideis. Hyphis tramatis pilei ± radiatim dis-
positis, frequenter fortiter inflatis et brevi-cellu-
latis, aliis inter septa elongatis (> 100 ^im), e. gr.
41 X 20-33 fim aut 100 x 25 nm, fibulatis sed
nonnullis septis simplicibus praesentibus, ina-
myloideis, tenuiter vel firme tunicatis, hyalinis; in
stipite subparallelis, inamyloideis sed nonnullis in
superpositione debilissime pseudoamyloideis; in
tramate hymenophorali regulari, haud gelatinoso
eis tramatis pilei similibus, intertextis, in hymen-
opodio plemmque hyphis filamentosis, subparal-
lelis, laxe dispositis praedominantibus. Hyphis
oleiferis paucis, flexuosis, 3-10.5 nm. Hypharum
cellulis terminalium ad aciem lamellarum aut bas-
idiola aut intermittenter cheilocystidia eflbrman-
tibus, his 30-32 x 10-11 /xm, vix projicientibus,
ventricosis, obtusissimis, tenuiter vel firme tuni-
catis, intus pigmento pallide fuscidulo, vacuolari
impletis vel frequentius omnino hyalinis. Epicute
pilei hymeniformi, rarius hic inde epitheliali-bis-
trata, ex elementis 23-53 x 10.5-33 mJT», subves-
iculosis vel vesiculosis, vix p)edicellatis, paucis hy-
alinis, plerumque pigmento fusco vel saturate
spadiceo dissoluto vel colloidaliter condensato re-
pletis effbrmata; inter ea dermatocystidiis in parte
marginali pilei satis numerosis, ad centrum nu-
merosissimis, 45-90 x 10-24(-32) ^m, ventri-
cosis, utriformibus, ampullaceis (collo brevi), par-
iete plemmque 0.2-0.5, rarius usque ad 1 fim crassa

instmctis, hyalinis vel pigmento fusco vacuolari
impletis, interdum minute mucronatis et obtusis
vel subacutis, cetemm plemmque obtusis. Tegu-
mento stipitis e dermatocystidiis numerosis effbr-
mato, his 20-80 x 4.5-12 ^m, dermatocystidiis
pilei similibus sed hyalinis, frequenter angustior-
ibus nonnullis cylindraceis vel flexuosis, pariete
0.4-1 fim crassa.
Ad lignum in silva tropicali.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, road Manaus-Car-
acarai, km 60, 151X1 978, leg. M. Freitas da Silva.
Singer B 1 1390 (inpa).

This species as well as M. marasmioides (Sing.)
Sing. differ from M. dauliporpus Sing. and M. cal-
houniae Sing. in the presence of conspicuous hy-
menial metuloids.

Marasmius maasii Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo atrogriseo ("bear" dein "bison" M&P),
glabro, non viscido, subsulcato vel sulcato, con-
vexo, umbilicato, 17-27 mm lato. Lamellis pal-
lidissime griseis, dein pallide cremeo-griseolis, sat-
is angustis vel mediocriter latis, mediocriter densis
vel subdistantibus, intervenosis, arcuatis, attin-
gentibus-subdecurrentibus. Stipite pallidissime ci-
nereo, subtiliter sericeo-pminato ad apicem, cavo,
subaequali, haud radicante, 32—43 x ± 3 mm.
Mycelio basali praesente sed sparso. Carne sub-
pallida vel subconcolori pilei et stipitis superficie-
bus, tenui, inodora.

Sporis 7-7.5 x 4.5-4.8 Mm,ellipsoideis,levibus,
hyalinis, inamyloideis. Hymenio: Basidiis 29-33
X 6-7.5 tim, tetrasporis; basidiolis subfusoideis-
filamentosis vel fusoideis. Cystidiis nullis. Cheil-
ocystidiis numerosis ad aciem lamellamm heter-
omorpham, 18-43 x 8.5-15 nm, late ventricosis
vel subvesiculosis, pedicellatis, late rotundatis, hy-
alinis. Hyphis fibulatis, inamyloideis, tenuiter vel
firme tunicatis, in tramate hymenophorali regulari
distanter septatis et latis (20 /im) sed nonnullis
filamentosis angustis (2.5-3 tim diam.) praesen-
tibus, in KOH subvitreis sed haud gelatinosis; in
stipite subparallelis, in KOH hyalinis. Hyphis olei-
feris 3.5-6.2 /xm latis. Epicute pilei hymeniformi,
ex elementis 19-43 x 7.5-17 /im late ventricosis
vel subvesiculosis, pigmento dissoluto cinereo
vacuolari repletis sed pariete tenui hyalina instmc-
tis, nonnullis omnino hyalinis eflbrmata; derma-
tocystidiis diflerentiatis nullis in pilei superficie.
Hypodermio subirregulari, ex hyphis filamentosis

SINGER: NEW TAXA OF AGARICALES

65

et inflatis, pigmento elementorum epicutis repletis
sed demum e pigmento granulato solido intemo
variegatis nec non pigmento simili granuloso-in-
crustatis efformato. Tegumento stipitis ex elemen-
tis eis epicutis pilei simillimis et dermatocystidiis
cheilocystidiis simillimis efformato, sed his ill-
isque pigmento minus visibili (KOH) gaudenti-
bus.

Ad iignum putrescens arborum dicotyledonear-
um in silva tropicali typi terrae firmae gregatim.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, near road Manaus-
Itacoatiara, km 65, leg. Maas, Singer B 10179
(inpa).

Typus— Ecuador, Pastaza, near road Ambato-
Puyo, 2 km from Puyo, 4000 feet alt., 24 VII 1 975,
Dumont EC 1424 (ny).

This is a species of sect. Gloiocephala, subsect.
Macrosporae, it is related to G. palmarum Sing.
but differs in narrower spores and metuloid hairs
in the epicutis of the pileus and the stipe which
are somewhat different from those of G. palma-
rum. The habitat of the two species is likewise
different.

Crinipellis galeropsidoides Sing., spec. nov.

Gloiocephala culmicola Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo aurantiaco, macroscopice glabro, levi,
convexo, dein applanato, 1-1 .2 mm lato. Lamellis
nullis, una vel duabus venis praesentibus in ma-
turis, superficie hymeniali aurantiaca. Stipite
brunneo-rubro, piloso, aequali, insititio, fortiter
excentrico, 1.5 x 0.15 mm.

Sporis 11-13 X 3.3-4.2 nm, fusoideis, levibus,
hyalinis, inamyloideis. Hymenio: Basidiis 22-28
X 7.5-9 nm, tetrasporis; basidiolis fusoideis vel
subfusoideis. Cystidiis ad marginem pilei tantum
et secundum venas sat numerosis, ceterum raris-
simis, 22-54 x 6-11.5 nm, ventricosis vel fuso-
ideis sed fortiter constrictis sub capitulum 3.3-8
nm diam., pariete tenui vel firma rarius subcras-
siuscula (0.2-0.3, rarius usque ad 0.5 nm crassa),
ad apicem incrustatione resinacea succineo-mellea
obtectis, inamyloideis. Hyphis pilei tramatis fi-
lamentosis, tenuitunicatis, fibulatis, inamyloideis;
stipitis parallelis, firme vel crasse tunicatis, auran-
tiaco-ochraceis. Epicute pilei hymeniformi ex ele-
mentis integris, vesiculosis, 16-21 x 11-12 fim,
hyalinis, tenuitunicatis et inamyloideis nec non
dermatocystidiis 14.8-22 x 8-11 fim, ventricosis
vel subvesiculosis et mucronatis vel bi-mucron-
atis, hyalinis, ad basin tenuitunicatis, supeme
crassiuscule tunicatis et frequenter aurantio-alu-
taceis, sparsis efformata; inter hac elementa et der-
matocystidia pilis typi Crinipellium emergentibus,
e. gr. 105 x 6 ^"1, crassitunicatis (pariete ± 1.5
nm diam.), strato parietis intemo amyloideo (haud
pseudoamyloideo), sed omnino hyalinis in KOH
et NH4OH, subulatis vel fusoideis, apice obtusatis
vel acutis. Tegumento stipitis e setis densis, 1 6-
64 X 4.5-6.5 nm, auratio-ochraceis, crassituni-
catis (pariete 1-1.3 nm diam.) acutis efformato.

Ad culmos graminis emortuos.

Pileo intra elevationem concentricam centralem
atrobmnneo spinoso, marginem versus albo et
sparse fulvo-stramineo spinuloso, superficie pilis
exceptis siccando salmoneo-roseo (3 G 1 1 vel "crab
apple" M&P), spinulis e pilis agglutinatis effor-
matis in centro densissimis, marginem versus et
in elevatione sparsis, sicco, ovato vel ellipsoideo
vel oblongo, dein campanulato, margine primum
stipitis apici adhaerente, dein stricto et pectinato,
elevatione concentrica centrali in vegetis haud
manifesta sed siccando notata omato, 2-5 mm lato
et 5-9 mm alto. Lamellis albidis, dein bmnneolo-
albidis, siccando roseolis, ascendentibus, confer-
tis, angustis, aciem versus vix tenuioribus quam
camem pilei versus, subliberis. Stipite ad basin
bmnneo, apicem versus gradatim albido vel stra-
mineo-bmnneolo, in zona primum pileo obtecta
subtiliter piloso, basin versus fortiter lanato-piloso
et interdum longitudinaliter costato, farcto, dein
cavo, insititio, stricto vel flexuoso, apicem versus
gradatim attenuato, 39-93 x 0.7-1 mm. Carne
albida, tenui, inodora.

Sporis 8-12 X 4-5.8 nm, demum nonnullis us-
que ad 16.5 x 6.5 ^m et septatis, hyalinis vel
pallide stramineis in KOH, inamyloideis, levibus,
ellipsoideis vel frequentius oblongis. Hymenio:
Basidiis 18-24 x 7-10 fxm, 2-4-sporis; basidiolis
fusoideis. Cystidiis 28-37 x 9.5-10 Mm, fusoideis,
obtusis, nonnullis excrescentio longo apicali, fili-
formi praevisis, tenuitunicatis, frequenter incms-
tatione resinacea hyalina instmctis. Cheilocysti-
diis quam pleurocystidiamagis versiformibus, 27-
39 X 6-9 fim, saepe utriformibus vel utriformi-
subcapitatis vel ampullaceis, fusoideis, densis vel
confertissimis, hyalinis vel bmnneolo-hyalinis,
nonnullis appendiculo sterigmatoide apicali, rar-
issime, 2-3 appendiculis apicalibus omatis, cet-
emm obtusis. Hyphis tramatis hymenophoralis

66

HELDIANA: BOTANY

regularis parallelis vel subparallelis, hyalinis, haud
gelatinosis, tenuitunicatis, 4-5 nm latis vel inter-
dum usque ad 19 nm inflatis, inamyloideis, fibu-
latis. Pilis pilei epicutem formantibus, 1 10-469 x
4-7.5(-9) nm, ad apicem acutissimis vel attenu-
ato-subacutis vel rotundato-obtisis, raro lobato-
furcatis, haud septatis vel septis simplibus scali-
formiter approximatis instructis, pariete 0.5-3 ^m
crassa, pseudoamyloidea, in NH4OH brunnea tun-
icatis, in centro pilei interdum usque ad 600 nm
longis. Hypotrichio e catenulis cellularum hy-
phalium parallelarum effbrmatis, septis simplici-
bus vel fibulatis separatis cellulis e. gr. 32 nm lon-
gis et 6-32 fim latis, pariete firma, inamyloidea
vel lenissime pseudoamyloidea, cellulis termina-
libus interdum haud in pila continuatis sed su-
perficiem subhymenialem effbrmatibus. Pilis stip-
itis similibus eis pilei sed ad apicem stipitis
subbrevioribus et subpallidioribus. KOH ope su-
perficie sicca, pilei basali albicante, pilis obscu-
rescentibus, nullo modo virescentibus.

Ad folia Leguminosarum delapsa in silva ar-
enosa typi campinarana gregatim.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, near road Manaus-
Caracarai, km 45, 20 XII 1977, leg. /. Araujo
Aguiar, Singer B 10380 (inpa).

This is a species of sect. Crinipellis subsect. Het-
eromorphinae. It is remarkable because of its habit
and the pink colors it shows when dried.

Crinipellis hygrocyboides (Henn.) Sing., comb. nov.

Basionym— A/ara5w/us hygrocyboides Henn.,
Engler's Bot. Jahrb. 30: 47. 1901.

The type is a species of sect. lonopodinae.

19 19, leg. Wang-Te-Hui, Handel-Mazzetti 28)
were identified by Bresadola as Collybia zonata
Peck, but neither of them is identical with Crini-
pellis zonata (Peck) Pat.

Chaetocalathus eurysporus Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo dilute coriicolore, sicco pallide ochraceo,
piloso, sulcato, 1.5 mm lato vel paullum latiore.
Lamellis laete aurantio-brunneis, sat distantibus,
sat latis, aciebus subobtusis, concurrenti-liberis.
Stipite, rudimento stipitis, pseudostipite nullis.
Carne tenui.

Sporis 8.2-10 x 6.5-9 fim, eis C. liliputiani sim-
illimis. Hymenio: Basidiis 17-31 x 8-1 1 nm, te-
trasporis, nonnullis subcrassitunicatis. Cystidiis
nullis. Cheilocystidiis ad aciem lamellarum het-
eromorpham 16-50 x 4-10 ^rn^ aut vesiculosis
vel clavatis aut cylindraceis, nonnumquam con-
strictis, nonnuUis ad basin incrassatis, integris vel
appendiculatis (appendiculis uno vel septem, (2-)8-
18.5 X 2 fxm erectis), aut tenuiter aut firme, haud
crasse tunicatis, hyalinis, inamyloideis vel super-
positione lenissime pseudoamyloideis. Hyphis pi-
lei hyalinis, filamentosis, irregulariter intertextis,
inamyloideis, haud gelatinosis, fibulatis. Epicute
pilei ex pilis 80-235 x 3-4 /nm effbrmata; pilis
apice rotundato-obtuso vel subacuto et pariete lente
manifeste pseudoamyloidea, 1.2-1.5 nm crassa,
haud vel vix incrustata instructis, septis secun-
dariis nullis. Hypotrichio ex hyphis diametro pilis
aequalibis sed pariete 0.5 /xm tantum crassa in-
structis, septatis, inamyloideis, hyalinis effbrmato.

Ad ramulum emortuum in cortice.

Typus— Panama, Panama, prope Altos de Pa-
cora, 2100-2200 ft., 30 VI 1975, leg. Dumont,
Carpenter & Mori, Dumont P 1540 (ny).

Crinipellis sinensis Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo centro nudo pilisque pilei frequentius acu-
tis et latioribus a C. commixta Sing. differt. Ad
Bambusam.

Typus— China, Yunnan, inter "Yungbei" et
"Tschuhsiung (Tsuyung)" infra oppidum "Be-
yendjing," in regione subtropicali, 1550 m alt., 13
V 1915, Handel-Mazzetti, Itersinense 1914-1918
no. 6298 (wu).

The type of C sinensis Sing. as well as a collec-
tion of C. corticalis (Desm.) Sing. (Hunan, April

Hemimycena amazonica Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo albo, sicco subgilvo, primum levi, demum
radiatim sulcato, sicco, glabro, convexo, umbon-
ato, 2.5 mm lato. Lamellis albis, mediocriter dis-
tantibus et latis, haud intervenosis, adnatis. Stipite
albo, siccando leniter gilvescente ad apicem et
brunnescente ad basin, subglabro, sicco, aequali
sed basi lenissime subbulbosa, centrali, frequenter
curvato, 3.5 x 0.2, ad basin 0.3 mm. Mycelio
basali persistenter albo, sericeo-fibrilloso, ra-
diante, interdum leniter in stipite ascendante.
Carne tenui, alba, immutabili, inodora.

SINGER: NEW TAXA OF AGARICALES

67

Sporis6.5 x 3-3.2^111, oblongis(haudfusoideo-
ventricosis), levibus, hyalinis, inamyloideis. Hy-
menio: Basidiis 13-18.5 x 5-6.5 nm; tetrasporis;
basidiolis haud fusoideis. Cystidiis nullis. Cheil-
ocystidiis admodum inconspicuis, hyphoidibus vel
apice claviformibus, subtiliter denseque diverti-
culatis, hyalinis, tenuitunicatis, usque ad 19 x 3.5
Mm; marginem pilei versus altero typo irregulari,
versiformi, haud diverticulato praesente. Hyphis
filamentosis sed nonnullis inflatis, fibulatis, haud
gelatinosis, inamyloideis, in tramate hymeno-
phorali regulariter dispositis, in stipite subparal-
lelis, azurei cresylici ope orthochromaticis, densis,
firme tunicatis (pariete ±0.3 nm crassa), 2.5-10
^m diam. Epicute pilei ex hyphis appressis vel
apice subascendentibus, diverticulatis (diverticu-
lis usque ad 1.7 nm altis) effbrmata. Tegumento
stipitis ad apicem eius ex cellulis terminalibus hy-
pharum ascendentium ± ll-19(-30) x 5-6(-7)
fim, breviter cylindraceis, firme tunicatis, hyalinis
effbrmato; his ad basin stipitis 25-100 x 0.5-2.5
/xm, filamentosis, tenuitunicatis, levibus, non-
numquam furcatis mycelialibus.

Ad lignum dicotyledoneum in silva tropicali typi
terrae firmae.

tunicatis, multis moderatim inflatis, cellulis sat
longiusculis, inamyloideis, fibulatis. Epicute pilei
cutiformi, hyphis supemis unilateraliter diverti-
culatis (diverticulis sat longis et tenuibus), hyalin-
is, 1-8 nm latis, haud gelatinosis, ex eis derma-
tocystidiis et pilis erectis natis, illis 13-23 x 7-12
fim, late ventricosis vel subvesiculoso-saccatis,
dense typi Rotalis modo diverticulatis, diverti-
culis 1-2 ixm longis; his (pilis) longis (e. gr. 43 x
2.5 nm ad basin frequenter dilatatis), filiformibus
vel apice subclaviformi, tenuitunicatis, hyalinis.
In tegumento stipitis pilis simillimis praesentibus.
Ad folia coriacea dicotyledonea delapsa in silva
arenosa tropicali typi campinarana solitario.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, near road Manaus-
Caracarai, km 45, 10 VIII 1978, Singer B 11365
(inpa).

Hemimycena mauretanica (Maire) Sing. and
Mycena albicolor Smith are related, but our new
species can be distinguished by narrow spores and
very small carpophores.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, 30 km N of Manaus,
3 IV 1978, Singer B 10887 (inpa).

Hemimycena guanacastensis Sing., spec. nov.

Hemimycena diplocystis Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo albo, sicco, sub lente pilis longis sparsis
omato, ad marginem sulculato, convexo, papilla
centrali, alta, tenui omato, 1.2 mm lato. Lamellis
albis mediocriter distantibus et latis, omnibus
marginem pilei attingentibus, adnatis dente sub-
decurrente. Stipite albo, piloso pilis longis strictis,
sicco, aequali, 9 x 0.1-0.2 mm; mycelio basali
albo, fibrilloso. Carne tenuissima, alba, immuta-
bili, inodora.

Sporis 6-9.5 x 1.5-2.5 ^im, plerumque 2-2.2
fim latis, fusoideis vel subcylindraceis, levibus, hy-
alinis, inamyloideis. Hymenio: Basidiis 10-14 x
3-5.5 nm, 2— 4-sporis (plemmque tetrasporis).
Cystidiis nullis. Cheilocystidiis 26-37 x 6.5-11.8
/xm, deorsum ventricosis, gradatim attenuatis ap-
icem obtusum versus vel ampullaceis (apice 2.5-
6 fim diam.), disjjersis sed sat numerosis, hyalinis;
marginem pilei versus etiam elementis cystidifor-
mibus dermatocystidiis epicutis simillimis et typi
Rotalis modo diverticulatis. Hyphis in tramate
hymenophorali regulari hyalinis, fibulatis, tenui-

68

Pileo albo, sub lente pubescente, sicco, levi vel
sulcato, margine nonnumquam leniter incurvato,
campanulato vel subconico, dein convexo vel se-
miglobato, obtuso vel papillato, 1-2 mm lato. La-
mellis albis, primum subvenosis, dein angustis,
subdistantibus vel distantibus, primum haud om-
nibus ad marginem percurrentibus, arcuato-su-
bascendentibus, adnatis, dein arcuato-decurren-
tibus. Stipite albo, sicco, insititio vel haud insititio,
pubescente ex toto, subaequali vel apicem versus
subattenuato, saepe curvato, 4.5-6 x 0. 1-0.2 mm;
mycelio basali subnullo vel sericeo-fibrilloso sed
breviter radiante. Carne tenuissima, alba, im-
mutabili, inodora.

Sporis 4-7 x 2.5-3.5 nm, ellipsoideis, levibus,
hyalinis, inamyloideis. Hymenio: Basidiis 18-25
X 4.3—4.5 nm, 1-4-sporis, plemmque tetrasporis.
Cystidiis nullis. Cheilocystidiis dermatocystidiis
piliformibus simillimis. Hyphis in tramate hy-
menophorali hyalina, regulari haud gelatinosis,
multis inflatis inter septa distantia vel conferta,
fibulatis, in tramate pilei similaribus, omnibus in-
amyloideis; in stipite parallelis, elongatis, ± 4 nm
latis, minime pseudoamyloideis aliis inamyloideis

FIELDIANA: BOTANY

1

intermixtis. Epicute pilei ex hyphis cutiformiter
dispositis, ad superficiem diverticulatis vel ver-
rucosis (diverticulis 1-1.2(-1.5) (xm altis), fila-
mentosis vel fusifiarmibus et incrassatis efformata
et dermatocystidiis piliformibus usque ad 35 x
3.5 nm versiformibus, tenuitunicatis obsita. Teg-
umento stipitis e dermatocystidiis piliformibus
numerosis sed haud densis efformato, his 10-63
X 3-6 fim, gradatim longioribus basin stipitis ver-
sus, apice obtusis, integris, versiformibus, saepe
filamentosis basi dilatatis vel anguste ampullaceis,
rarius anguste ventricosis, omnibus unicellulari-
bus, hyalinis, inamyloideis, tenuitunicatis.

Ad folia coriacea dicotyledonea delapsa in silva
tropicali quercubus dominata gregatim.

Typus— Costa Rica, Guanacaste, Parque Na-
cional de Santa Rosa, 25 VII 1 98 1 , Singer B 12464
(F).

Hemimycena guanacastensis is close to H. di-
plocystis Sing. and H. mauretanica (Maire) Sing.

Hemimycena pleurotiformis Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo albo, pallide subalutaceo in centro, sub-
hygrophano, macroscopice glabro, sub lente sub-
tiliter pubescente, levi, sicco, convexo, obtuso, 13
mm lato. Lamellis albis, angustis, confertissimis,
± 0.5 mm latis, sub lente subtiliter fimbriatis, sub-
sinuato-decurrentibus vel adnato-decurrentibus.
Stipite subalutaceo-albo, pubescente, sicco, excen-
trico, curvato, ad apicem attenuato, ± 8 mm alto,
1.3 mm lato ad apicem, 2 mm lato ad basin; my-
celio basali subvelutino, parco, albo. Carne alba,
inodora.

Sporis 6.3-7 x 3.3-4.4 /tim,ellipsoideis,levibus,
hyalinis, inamyloideis. Hymenio: Basidiis 1 7-1 7.5
X 4.3-7 ^m, tetrasporis; basidiolis haud fusoideis.
Cystidiis numerosissimis, ± 25 x 8.5 ^m, fuso-
ideis vel fusoideo-mucronatis mucrone angusto,
subacuto 1.5-2 ^im lato), inamyloideis, haud crasse
tunicatis. Cheilocystidiis 32-44 x 5-5.5 ^m, sub
apice subcapitato vel late clavato 4.7-8.8 /nm diam.
conslriclis (constrictione 3-3.5 nm diam.) et sub
conslriclione ventricosis, hyalinis, tenuitunicatis,
capitulo vel clavula superiore dense diverticulato
diverticulis 0.8-2.5 nm altis. Hyphis hyalinis, in-
amyloideis, haud gelatinosis, fibulatis, inamyloid-
eis; tramate hymenophorali regulari. Epicute pilei
ex elementis hyphalibus efformata et dermatocys-
tidiis obsita; his cheilocystidiis simillimis sed magis

variabilibus dimensionibus. Tegumento stipitis e
dermatocystidiis eis pilei simillimis efformato.

Ad lignum emortuum dicotyledoneum in silva
tropicali pluviali typi terrae firmae solitario.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, 30 km N of Manaus,
3 VI 1977, Singer B 9911 (inpa).

This species may be compared with H. anomala
Dennis which is smaller and lacks the very nu-
merous cheilocystidia characteristic for H. pleu-
rotiformis.

Mycena agloea Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo albido, demum griseo-albido, debiliter
sulcato, convexo, obtuso, 6 mm lato. Lamellis al-
bidis, interdum leniter cinerascentibus, haud in-
tervenosis, 13 percurrentibus, tridymis, collaria-
tis. Stipite pileo concolori, partim hyalino-piloso,
e disco dilatato in vegetis manifeste costato nato,
filiformi, 21 x 0.2 mm. Carne tenuissima, ino-
dora.

Sporis 8.5-10 x 5-5.5 nm, ellipsoideis, non-
nullis amygdaliformibus, levibus, hyalinis, amy-
loideis. Hymenio: Basidiis 18 x 10 iim, tetras-
poris; basidiolis subvesiculosis, nonnullis debiliter
pseudoamyloideis. Cystidiis admodum raris et
sparsis, 17 x 14.5 ^im, levibus, saccatis. Cheilo-
cystidiis 12-19 x 7.5-1 1 nm, clavatis vel subves-
iculosis vel ventricosis, tenuitunicatis, hyalinis,
diverticulis sat numerosis plerumque apicalibus
sed divergentibus, usque ad 6 /xm longis, tenuibus
omatis. Hyphis omnibus haud gelatinosis, hyalin-
is in KOH, pseudoamyloideis, cellulis volumi-
nosis, brevibus, e. gr. 38 x 27 /im, fibulatis. Tra-
mate hymenophorali regulari et subhymenio
pseudoamyloideis. Epicute pilei cutiformi, ex hy-
phis filamentosis, hyalinis, ad superficiem nodu-
losis et diverliculatis efformata. Hypodermio a
tramate pilei vix differentiato. Tegumento stipitis
ex hyphis longis, prope basin septatis, apicem acu-
tum vel obtusum versus attenuatis, hyalinis, lev-
ibus, 30-82 x 0.5-3.5 ^m efformato, nonnullis ex
eis ramosis, omnibus tenuitunicatis.

Ad folia coriacea dicotyledonea delapsa in silva
arenosa tropicali typi campinarana.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, near road Manaus-
Caracarai, km 45, 25 VII 1977, Singer B 10124
(inpa).

SINGER: NEW TAXA OF AGARICALES

69

This species is related to M. mucor (Batsch ex
Fr.) Gillet which, at least the form described from
Europe by Kiihner, is certainly different.

Mycena castaneomarginata Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo aetate vel siccando atrobrunneo, centro
fuligineo, glabro, convexo, centro applanato, mox
umbiHcato, 2-2.5 mm lato. Lamellis sordide bux-
eo-flavis, acie castaneis, horizontahbus, medi-
ocriter latis vel sat latis, mediocriter distantibus,
adnatis. Stipite pileo concolori, levi, glabro, haud
glutinoso, 11-12 X 0.1-0.2 mm. Mycelio basali
fibrilloso-strigoso, concolori. Carne tenui.

Sporis 6.5-7.5 x 4-4.5 fim, inamyloideis vel
partim lenissime amyloideis, levibus, ellipsoideis.
Hymenio: Basidiis 22-23 x 6-7.5 mti tetrasporis.
Cystidiis nullis. Cheilocystidiis numerosis, 17-
32(-50) X 5.5-8(-10)/im, versiformibus, frequen-
ter fusoideis, ampullaceis, clavatis, utriformibus,
appendiculo nullo, vel uno rosariiformi vel uno,
duobus, tribus appendiculis digitiformibus api-
calibus, obtusis, pigmento dissoluto intracellulari
fulvidulo vel rubello-brunneo repletis. Hyphis tra-
matis filamentosis et plurimis latis (1 1-12 /im) sed
septis neque densis (nec cellulis voluminosis) ne-
Que distantibus (ita ut in sarcodimiticis), manifeste
pseudoamyloideis, fibulatis, fulvidulis, haud ge-
latinosis. Epicute pilei cutiformi, ex hyphis fortiter
sed saepe irregulariter diverticulatis, 2 jxm crassis,
pallide fuscidulis vel pallide castaneis, diverticulis
supemis tantum, hyalinis 6 x 1 ^m; epicute haud
pseudoamyloidea.

Ad folium dicotyledoneum delapsum in silva
tropicali amazonica arenosa typi campinarana so-
litario.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, near road Manaus-
Caracarai, km 45, 6 XI 1 977, leg. Ermelinda Freire,
Singer B 10268 (inpa).

virgato et per quatuor quintas radii sulcato, sub-
p>ectinato, haud viscido, centro subvenuloso, pri-
mum conico et alte papillato, dein convexo et cir-
cum papillam moderatim altam applanato, 8-9
mm lato. Lamellis pallidis, acie pileo concolori et
subtiliter crenulatis, subdistantibus, didymis, sub
lente brunneo-punctatis, debiliter (i.e., haud alte)
intervenosis, percurrentibus marginem versus an-
gustis, ceterum satis angustis vel mediocriter latis,
adnexis vel subcollariatis. Stipite pileo concolori,
levi et glabro, aequali sed ad basin saepe dilatato,
4-5 X 0.5-1 mm, ad basin usque ad 1 .5 mm diam.
Mycelio basali piloso-strigoso, hyalino vel brun-
neo. Carne tenui, inodora.

Sporis (5. 8-) 7-8 x (4.5-)5-6.5 Mm, breviter el-
lipsoideis (Q = 1.2-1.5), levibus, hyalinis, ina-
myloideis, nonnullis autem lenissime amyloideis.
Hymenio: Basidiis 24 x 8 ^m, tetrasporis. Cys-
tidiis ad latera et aciem lamellarum sat numerosis,
dimorphis, (1) 27-48 x 8-12 ^m, integris, ven-
tricosis vel subclavatis, paucis leniter constrictis,
frequenter pallide melleo-incrustatis, haud pseu-
doamyloideis sed ioidi ope sepiaceo-granulosis in
succo hyalino, rotundato-obtusis apice; (2) 25-30
X 3-5 ^m, sed ad apicem usque ad 3.5-8.5 ^m
diam. appendiculis apicalibus et subapicalibus
divergentibus clavatis vel subvesiculosis causa
(appendiculis 5.5-8 x 2-5 ^im), clavatis vel sub-
cylindraceis, ex integro lamina resinacea melleo-
straminea incrustatis sed pariete propria tenui et
hyalina. Hyphis e cellulis Mycenae typicae modo
voluminosis catenulatis efformatis, manifeste
pseudoamyloideis, fibulatis, haud gelatinosis. Ep-
icute pilei cutiformi, ± 20 jum alta, ex hyphis fi-
lamentosis haud densis sed vix visibiliter gelatin-
isatis (KOH), supeme conspicue diverticulatis,
diverticulis cystidiorum typi secundi appendiculis
similibus sed usque ad 15 x 3-3.5 ^m, hyalinis,
inamyloideis, hyphis sine diverticulis 2.5-3 ^m
diam.

Ad lignum in silva tropicali-montana gregatim.

This species differs in many characters from taxa
already described in Mycena, but unfortunately it
is solitary and rare, fruiting in the drier season.
For this reason a few data on young, moist car-
pophores and a full understanding of the vari-
ability of M. castaneomarginata are still wanting.

Typus— Costa Rica, Alajuela, Alto Berlin, 26
VII 1981, Singer B 12493 (f).

This is a remarkable, rather striking species, re-
lated to the preceding one.

Mycena castaneostipitata Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo sordide violaceobrunneo, in centro et ad
marginem pallidiore, sub lente pruinato, radiatim

Mycena cnaphocystis Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo fuscidulo-griseo in sulcis vel striolis, cet-
erum pallidiore vel pallido, glabro, haud viscoso,
convexo, obtuso, demum saepe centro depresso,

70

HELDIANA: BOTANY

5-6 mm lato. Lamellis albis vel pallidis, interdum
demum subgrisentibus, acie concolori integra no-
tatis, latis vel stipitem versus latissimis, subdis-
tantibus, rarius distantibus, arcuatis, adnatis, rar-
ius subdecurrentibus. Stipite albo, haud glutinoso,
glaberrimo, subnitente, cavo, filamentoso, ae-
quali, 25-45 x 0.1 mm. Mycelio basali albo, fi-
brilloso. Carne inodora.

Sporis 4.5-7.5 x 2.3-3.5 nm, plerumque 5.5-6
X 2.5-3.5 nm, ellipsoideis vel oblongis, levibus,
hyalinis, amyloideis, contentu demum subflaves-
cente(KOH). Hymenio: Basidiis 13-15.5 x 4-6.5
/xm, tetrasporis. Cystidiis 15-28 x 5-12 nm, am-
pullaceis vel utriformibus, ad apicem tenuituni-
catis, ceterum crassitunicatis (pariete hic 1-1 .2 ^m
diam. et debiliter pseudoamyloidea in nonnullis,
inamyloidea in aliis), obtusis, per tres quartas partes
sujDeriores diverticulis ad apicem longioribus, ba-
sin versus brevioribus obsitis, diverticulis tenui-
bus vel crassiusculis, 0.5-6 nm longis. Cheilocys-
tidiis 19-37 x 5-15 nm, plerumque 24-^8 x 6-
12 ^m, ventricosis vel late fusoideis vel saccatis,
typi Rotalis modo ex integro paene subtiliter div-
erticulatis (diverticulis 0.5-2 nm longis, tenuibus),
hyalinis, tenuitunicatis. Hyphis typi Mycenae typ-
icae, pseudoamyloideis, fibulatis. Epicute pilei cu-
tiformi, hyphis supemis dense sed haud alte div-
erticulatis, diverticulis obtusis, usque ad 1 nm altis,
Hypodermio cutiformi, ex hyphis pigmentatis, la-
tis, septis proximis divisis effbrmato; pigmento
vacuolari, griseofusco.

Ad folia dicotyledonea delapsa in silva tropicali
typi terrae firmae.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, 30 km N of Manaus,
15 XII 1977, Singer B 10317 (inpa). Additional
collection: same locality, 15 XII 1977, Singer B
10325 (INPA).

Mycena delica Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo griseo, sed inter strias et in centro saepe
pallidiore vel pallido, interdum saturate fusco-gri-
seo et marginem versus murino vel murino et mar-
ginem versus pallidiore (e. gr. "goat" M&P), sul-
cato vel striato ad marginem interdum
subpectinato, glabro, haud viscoso, convexo, ob-
tuso vel subumbonato vel fortiter umbonato, rar-
ius centro leniter depresso, 10-17.5 mm lato. La-
mellis albis vel grisellis vel cremeis ("champagne"
M&P), subdistantibus, rarius mediocriter distan-
tibus vel distantibus, haud intervenosis vel inter-
venosis, latis, rarius angustis, primum subascen-

dentibus, rotundato- vel arcuato-adnatis, rarius
adnexis. Stipite pallide griseo vel ad apicem al-
bido, basin versus frequenter fusco vel griseo (e.
gr. "Madrid" M&P), macroscopice glabro, sub lente
± subtiliter pruinato, glabrescente, aequali, cavo,
1 2-48 X 0.6-1 .8 mm. Mycelio basali albo vel sor-
dide albido. Carne tenui, in stipite succosa sed
latice haud observato; odore nullo.

Sporis 6.5-10.5 x 4-6.5 nm, ellipsoideis vel
oblongis, levibus, hyalinis, amyloideis. Hymenio:
Basidiis 22-35 x 7-8.8 nm, tetrasporis. Cystidiis
nullis, sed pseudocystidiis ad latera et aciem la-
mellarum numerosis, 15-50 x 5-10.5(-16) fim,
versiformibus, frequenter fusoideis vel ventricosis
vel ampullaceis, rarius, praesertim ad latera la-
mellarum late clavatis, plerumque mucronatis, raro
apice bifurcatis, acutis vel obtusis, interdum re-
sinaceo-incrustatis, contentu granuloso hyalino vel
melleo vel flavobrunneolo, lipoideo(?) repletis.
Cheilocystidiis ad aciem et prope aciem hetero-
morpham numerosis plerumque fusoideis, 30-50
X 6.5-12 fim, contentu visibili destitutis. Hyphis
typi Mycenarum communis, pseudoamyloideis,
fibulatis, haud gelatinosis. Hyphis oleiferis (lati-
ciferis?) irregularibus, moderatim numerosis, con-
tentu ei pseudocystidiorum simillimo repletis. Ep-
icute pilei tenuiter cutiformi, ex hyphis
filamentosis, ad superficiem diverticulatis vel ru-
gosis, diverticulis sat numerosis sed irregulariter
dispositis, inamyloideis, obtusis, unilateralibus
obsitis, 1 .7-4.3 ^"1 diam., hyalinis, strictis vel flex-
uosis effbrmata. Hypodermio cutiformi, tenui, hy-
alino, ex hyphis Mycenarum modo voluminosis
effbrmato. Strato subhypodermiali ab hypodermio
differt praesentia pigmenti vacuolaris sepiacei vel
fusci. Interdum hoc stratum cum hyphis hypod-
ermii intermixtum et hoc modo hypodermium et
stratum subhypodermiale vix discemibilia sunt.
Tegumento stipitis subnullo, sed zona gelatinosa
semper destituto et frequenter hyphis filamentosis
nodoso-diverticulatis stratum extemum interdum
ascendens formante quod pruinam fugacem con-
stituit.

Ad folia et stipulas minores Dicotyledonum de-
lapsas in silvis et plantationibus tropicalibus.

Typus— Brazil, Bahia, Itabuna, in a plantation
of Theobroma cacao, 7 VI 1978, Singer B 11121
(inpa). Additional collections: in Amazonia, 30
km N of Manaus, in May and June, SingerB 9622,
9665. 10029 (inpa).

Mycena erubescens Hoehn. is somewhat related;
M. frondaria Metrod should be compared.

SINGER: NEW TAXA OF AGARICALES

71

Mycena depilata Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo albo, sicco, pruinato, campanulato vel
convexo, obtuso, 1 mm lato. Lamellis albis, dis-
tantibus, mediocriterlatis, subliberis. Stipitealbo,
subglabro, sicco, filamentoso, usque ad 10 mm
longo, 0.05-0.1 mm diam. Mycelio basali infra
circulum angustissimum tenuissimo, haud stria-
tum nec costatum discum formante, albo, sub lente
tantum visibili et macroscopice stipitem insiti-
tium aemulante. Carne in pileo subnulla, in stipite
alba, marcescente.

Sporis 6.2-9.5 x 3.5-5.7 nm, plerumque 7-7.5
X 4—4.3 nm, debiliter amyloideis. Hymenio: Bas-
idiis 12-14 x 8-8.5 ixm, vesiculosis, tetrasporis.
Cystidiis nullis sed cheilocystidiis ad et prope aciem
lamellarum moderatim numerosis, 10-20 x 6-8
^m, typi Rotalis modo diverticulatis, ventricosis,
tenuitunicatis, hyalinis. Hyphis typi Myenarum
inflatis, pseudoamyloideis, in pileo perpaucis, in
stipite parallelis, fibulis hic destitutis et plerumque
angustis, inter septa elongatis. Tramate hymeno-
phorali regulari. Stratis gelatinosis nullis. Epicute
pilei e hyphis ubique diverticulatis, filamentosis
effbrmata et dermatocystidiis ovoideis vel globosis
ex integro diverticulatis, mox liberis, 20-39 x
(12-) 17-24 nm, paucis cum hyphis continuis et
his minoribus. Tegumento stipitis e dermatocys-
tidiis cheilocystidiis simillimis sed 12-33 x 8.5-
1 9 fim, late ventricosis, diverticulatis et perpaucis
hyphis ascendentibus levissimis efformato.

Ad fructum arboris dicotyledoneae in silva tro-
picali typi terrae firmae.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, 30 km N of Manaus
("EMBRAPA"), 18 V 1977, Singer B 9634 (inpa).

Typus— Colombia, Cundinamarca, between Zi-
paquira and Pacho, 29 to 30 km from Zipaquira,
10,000 ft alt., 9 VI 1976, Dumont CO 4476 (ny).

Mycena fuscocystidiata Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo sordide purpureo, sicco atrofusco-umbri-
no centro subnigro, glabro, convexo, obtuso, ±5.5
mm lato. Lamellis pallidis sed acie pileo concolori,
lateribus siccis sordidis, latis, subdistantibus vel
mediocriter distantibus, intermixtis, decurrenti-
bus. Stipite pileo concolori, glabro, aequali vel
subaequali, 14 x 0.7 mm. Mycelio basali sparso,
pallido vel sordido. Carne inodora.

Sporis 4.5-6.5(-7.5) x 3-4 ^im, plerumque 6-
6.5 X 3.5-4 nm, ellipsoideis, levibus, hyalinis,
amyloideis. Hymenio: Basidiis 14-19 x 5-6 nm,
tetrasporis. Cystidiis ad latera et aciem lamellar-
um praesentibus, ad aciem numerosissimis et om-
nibus fere pigmento dissoluto fusco vacuolari re-
pletis, ad latera frequenter hyalinis, 15-27 x 5-
1 1 nm, versiformibus, frequenter fusoideis, am-
pullaceis, clavatis, nonnullis utriformibus, multis
ventricosis, obtusis, tenuitunicatis. Hyphis My-
cenarum constructione typica gaudentibus, pseu-
doamyloideis, fibulatis, interdum nonnullis fila-
mentosis intermixtis, haud gelatinosis. Epicute pilei
ex hyphis extemis diverticulatis (diverticulis us-
que ad 5.5 x 1-3.4 ^m) effbrmata, a hypodermio
pauUum diffentiata. Hypodermio ex hyphis latis-
simis et filiformibus intermixtis cutiformiter dis-
positis effbrmato, pigmento in cellulis colloideo,
amorpho, fusco (in siccis, in NH4OH).

Ad lignum emortuum Dicotyledonum in silva
tropicali, pluviali.

Mycena osmundicola Lange and M. microstena
Sing. are related.

Typus— Colombia, EI Valle, Buenaventura,
Calima, 17 IV 1968, Singer B 6184 (f).

Mycena dumontii Sing., spec. nov.

Carpophoris pallidis, in pileo et stipite derma-
tocystidiispiliformibusgiganteis (55-200 x 8-20
/um) cylindraceis vel subcylindraceis, obtusis, hy-
alinis, integris, levibus omatis. Stipite e disco bas-
ali ei quem M. mucor format simili, levi nato.
Lamellis paucis, angustis. Sporis 7-9 x 4-5.5 nm,
amyloideis. Basidiis 15 x 6.5 ^m, tetrasporis. Hy-
phis omnibus stipitis et multis pilei fortiter pseu-
doamyloideis, structura typica Mycenamm gau-
dentibus.

Ad Pteridophyta in silva tropicali-montana.

Mycena poecila Sing., an Amazonian species, is
related.

Mycena gloeoloma Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo atrogriseo, extremo margine non-
numquam pallido, sulcato, glabro, convexo, pro-
funde umbilicato in siccis, leniter in vegetis, ± 5
mm lato. Lamellis albis, siccis cinereis acie albida,
subdistantibus, subarcuatis, latissimis, adnatis
dente subdecurrente, demum decurrentibus. Stip-
ite albo, sub lente subtiliter piloso, haud viscoso,
subaequali vel gradatim apicem versus attenuato.

72

FIELDIANA: BOTANY

± 30 X 0.3-1 mm. Mycelio basali nuUo viso et
stipite insititio sub lente. Carne inodora.

Sporis 5.5-8.8 x 3-3.5 nm, ellipsoideis vel ob-
longis, levibus, hyalinis, amyloideis. Hymenio:
Cystidiis haud visis. Cheilocystidiis in zona acieis
gelatinosa insertis, ex hyphis gelatinosis filamen-
tosis natis, 9.5-1 1 x 4.5-5 nm, subcylindraeis vel
subclavatis et typi Sicci modo setulis inamyloideis
apicalibus omatis, ceterum inamyloideis vel pseu-
doamyloideis, diverticulis hyalinis et ± 4/imaltis.
Hyphis Mycenarum typicarum modo inflatis, for-
titer pseudoamyloideis, fibulatis, in pileo pigmen-
to intracellulari sepiaceo imbutis, sed supra trama
proprium zona alta gelatinosa (±70 ^m diam.) ex
hyphis filamentosis, laxe dispositis, inamyloideis
effbrmata evoluta. Epicute pilei inmediate supra
zonam gelatinosam tenui, ex hyphis prostratis ten-
uibus, supra fortiter et dense diverticulatis effbr-
mata. Tegumento stipitis supra hyphas longitu-
dinales, haud gelatinosas, parallelas e pilis sparsis,
brevibus cystidiformibus effbrmato, his 18-35 x
5.5-8 ^m, hyalinis, inamyloideis, erectis, utrifor-
mibus vel e basi dilatata cylindraceis vel ventri-
cosis (basi, ubi praesens, usque ad 14 ^im diam.)

Ad petiolos foliorum dicotyledoneorum delap-
sorum gregatim in silvis tropicalibus pluvialibus.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, 30 km N of Manaus,
26 XII 1977, Singer B 10407 (inpa).

The pileus seemed hairy when observed in fresh
condition, but when dried, seen under binocular,
no hairiness was visible.

Mycena glutinocothurnata Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo albo, glabro, sicco, sulcato, convexo, um-
bilicato, 4-5 mm lato. Lamellis albis, latis, me-
diocriter distantibus, arcuatis, decurrentibus.
Stipite albo, levi, glabro, strato crasso glutinoso
ex integro cothumato, aequali, 16-17 x 0.2 mm.
Mycelio basali ex hyphis radiantibus albis effbr-
mato. Carne alba, tenui, haud gelatinosa, inodora.

Sporis 7-12 x 2.3-3.5 nm, plemmque 9.5-10
X 3-3.5 nm, angustis, cylindraceis vel clavato-
cuneiformibus, levibus, hyalinis, amyloideis. Hy-
menio: Basidiis 11-13 x 4-6.5 ^im, tetrasporis.
Cystidiisnullis.Cheilocystidiise.gr. 17 x 6.5 mhi,
ventricoso-subclavatis vel cylindraceo-clavatis,
hyalinis, tenuitunicatis. Hyphis Mycenamm typ-
icamm stmctura gaudentibus, fibulatis, pseudoa-
myloideis, in pileo et tramate hymenophorali re-
gulari haud gelatinosis. Epicute pilei cutiformi, ex

hyphis filiformibus, levibus vel vix diverticulatis,
nonnullis cellulis hyphalibus breviter ascendenti-
bus inconspicuis terminalibus exceptis totis pros-
tratis, omnibus hyalinis. Superficie stipitis gelati-
nosa.

Ad folia dicotyledonea delapsa in silva tropicali,
pluviali typi terrae firmae solitario.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, 30 km N of Manaus,
9 II 1978, Singer B 10634 (inpa).

Mycena gomezii Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo centro biso-fuscidulo, margine albido-
bubalino, vel subconcolori et pallidiore, per sex
septimas radii sulculato et per quartam partem
radii {jellucide striatulo, sicco, glabro, levi in cen-
tro, convexo, 7-14 mm lato. Lamellis albidis, sub-
confertis vel subdistantibus, angustis vel sat latis,
acie concoloribus lateribus et subtiliter sermlatis,
primum haud, dein laxe distanterque et subtiliter
intervenosis, decurrentibus. Stipite albo, dein ba-
sin versus murino, macroscopice glabro, sed sub
lente subtiliter pubescente, glutinoso, aequali vel
basin versus attenuato, 11-19 x 0.8-1.4 mm. My-
celio basali abundante, albo. Carne alba, immu-
tabili, inodora.

Sporis 6-9 x 2.3-3.5 iim, fusoideis vel anguste
ventricosis apice angustatis, ad hilum saepe leniter
incurvis, interdum simpliciter ellipsoideo-oblon-
gis, levibus, hyalinis, amyloideis. Hymenio: Bas-
idiis 19-22 x 5.5-6.5 iim, tetrasporis. Cystidiis
nullis. Cheilocystidiis ad et prope aciem hetero-
morpham 35-53 x ^-lO/um, versiformibus, saepe
ventricosis vel utriformibus, frequenter mucron-
atis, in constrictione 4.5-8 iim diam., aliis am-
pullaceis apice 4—4.5 (im diam., obtusis, haud in-
crustatis, tenuitunicatis, aliis subcylindraceis,
omnibus hyalinis vel subhyalinis, inamyloideis,
numquam crasse tunicatis. Hyphis tramatis hy-
menophoralis regularis hyalinis, pseudoamyloid-
eis, fibulatis, filamentosis cum latis intermixtis.
Subhymenio apparenter subcellulari, multisepta-
to. Epicute pilei hymeniformi, ex elementis 25-
44 X 6-12Mmcheilocystidiissimillimiseffbrmata,
haud gelatinosa. Hypodermio cutiformi, in strato
superiore inamyloideo vel debiliter pseudoamy-
loideo, in strato inferiore fortiter pseudoamylo-
ideo et hic ex hyphis filiformibus (3.5-4.5 nm
diam.) nec non Mycenamm typicamm modo in-
flatis (cellulis e. gr. 36-50 x 6-12 /xni) effbrmato,
haud gelatinoso; pigmento in cellulis epicutis et
hypodermii centri pilei fuscidulo, vacuolari. Teg-

SINGER: NEW TAXA OF AGARICALES

73

umento stipitis e dermatocystidiis sparsis effor-
mato, his dermatocystidiis pilei simillimis sed om-
nibus hyalinis.

Ad folia delapsa arboris dicotyledoneae (haud
quercina) in Querceto tropicali-montano, grega-
tim.

Typus— Costa Rica, Cartago, El Empalme, 2300
m alt., 23 VII 1981, Singer B 12387 (f).

Mycena irritans Horak is related, but the der-
matocystidia of the pileus, strikingly elongated in
this Costa Rican species, were not observed in
Horak's Mycena.

Mycena griseoradiata Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo 2-7 mm lato, griseo, profunde pectinato,
centro depresso, sub epicute tramate haud gela-
tinoso ab affinibus aberrante; lamellis albis, liberis;
sporis 5-9 x 4-6 nm, amyloideis; cystidiis nullis;
cheilocystidiis 16-35 x 8-13 ^im, ventricosis vel
fusoideis, plerumque mucronatis vel apice appen-
diculatis (typi "Siccus"); tramatis structura My-
cenarum typicarum; epicute hyphis inflatus et
paucis cystidiformibus, jacentibus, appressis in
parte superiore, subliberis, ex toto subtiliter div-
erticulatis consistente, his marginem pilei versus
tantum visis; pigmento spadiceo vel fusco, vacu-
olari. Stipite albo sed prope basin interdum pileo
concolori, 15-26 x 0.5-0.8 mm., haud insititio
sed e disco minimo vix manifesto pubescente (e
mycelio) nato. Dermatocystidiis eis pilei et cheil-
ocystidiis simillimis, 24-39 x 8-9 nm. Odore nul-
lo. Sporis in massa albis.

Ad lignum putridum interdum strato terrae ob-
tectum in silva tropicali.

Typus— Costa Rica, Heredia, OTS station "La
Selva," near Puerto Viejo de Sarapiqui, 23 XII
1979, D. J. Lodge 274 (f). Additional collections:
same locality, Singer B 15511 (f); Colombia, El
Valle, Buenaventura, near Calima, 18 IV 1968,
Singer B 6218 (f).

This species appears to be close to other species
of sect. Radiatae. Similar species of that section
however have a gelatinous zone which is absent
in M. griseoradiata. The latter has recently been
re-coUected in Costa Rica and Brazil (f, inpa).

Mycena griseoradiatella Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo griseo, subglabro, haud viscoso, convexo,
obtuso, mox applanato centro depresso, 3mm lato.
Lamellis albis, confertis vel subconfertis, attenu-
ato-subliberis. Stipite albo, sicco, apicem versus
sparse, basin versus dense pubescente, e basi sub-
disciformi sed levi, angustissima, alba nato, 1 3 x
0.1-0.5 mm. Mycelio basah ex hyphis e basi di-
latata radiantibus effbrmato, albo. Carne tenuis-
sima, alba, immutabilis, inodora.

Sporis 6.3-7 x 3.3-4.3 /im,ellipsoideis,levibus,
hyalinis, amyloideis. Hymenio: Basidiis 14 x 7
fim, tetrasporis. Cystidiis nullis vel paucis, cheil-
ocystidiis simillimis. Cheilocystidiis e basi bul-
bosa vel fusoidea longe effilatis, usque ad 60 ^im
longis et 1-1.5 ixm latis, bulbo basali e. gr. 15 x
6 fim, fusco vel hyalino. Hyphis typi Mycenarum
inflatis, pseudoamyloideis, fibulatis, haud gelati-
nosis. Epicute pilei ex dermatocystidiis in parte
aggregatis subhymeniformiter, in parte dispersis,
cheilocystidiis simillimis et paucis hyphis plerum-
que brevissime (0.5 fim) diverticulatis, repentibus
eflbrmata sed intermittente et hic inde hypoder-
mium exponente. Hypodermio ex hyphis inflatis,
immo globosis effbrmato, cutiformi, pigmentato,
pigmento intraparietali, fuligineo vel sepiaceo.
Tegumento stipitis in duabus tertiis superioribus
stipitis sparse, infra dense dermatocystidiis eflbr-
mato, his cheilocystidiis simillimis, ex hyphis lon-
gitudinalibus inamyloideis natis.

Ad folia dicotyledonea delapsa in silva typi ter-
rae firmae solitario.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, 30 km N of Manaus,
20 II 1978, Singer B 10674 (inpa).

This species is related to the preceding one. It
diflers in a slightly smaller pileus, smaller spores,
long effilate cheilo- and dermatocystidia, intra-
parietal pigment, and habitat on dead leaves.

Mycena hemitrichialis Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo cinereo centro pallido, albo-granuloso-
flocculoso sub lente, longe sulculato, conico-cam-
panulato, 3 mm lato. Lamellis albidis, angustis,
ascendentibus, mediocriter distantibus, liberis vel
subliberis. Stipite candido, longe piloso, filamen-
toso sicco, aequali, disco basali nullo, 27-28 x

74

FIELDIANA: BOTANY

0. 1-0.2 mm. Mycelio basali albo abundante cum
pilis stipitis continuo. Carne tenuissima, inodora.

Sporis 6.5-8 x 4.5-5.5 Mni,ellipsoideis,levibus,
debiliter amyloideis, paucis inamyloideis. Hy-
menio: Basidiis 10-17 x 5.5-9.5 Mm, brevitercla-
vatis, nonnullis 1 -sterigmaticis et appendiculo
dactylomorpho uno apicali praeditis (germinan-
tibus?), plerumque tetrasporis. Cystidiis nullis.
Cheilocystidiis, 15-16 x 5-5.5 mhi, anguste cla-
vatis vel subfusoideis, ad basin levibus, ceterum
typi Rotalis modo diverticulatis, diverticulis 1-2
^m altis, nonnullis appendiculo dactylomorpho
usque ad 1 8 X 2 fim, subfilamentoso, levi, apicali
omatis. Hyphis latis, inter septa haud longissimis,
hyalinis, in tramate hymenophorali moderatim
pseudoamyloideis, regulariter dispositis, fibulatis.
Tramate pilei paullum evoluto; stipitis fortiter
pseudoamyloideis, latis. Epicute pilei tenui, hy-
alina, ex hyphis ad latus extemum diverticulatis
(diverticulis brevibus, 0.5-0.9 fim) vel perpaucis
levibus efformata sed strato superposito (velari?)
granuloso e cellulis vesiculosis, dense breviter (0.2-
0.5 fim) diverticulatis sed nonnullis levibus, 6.5-
16 X 5.5-10 fim efformatis; his et hyphis epicutis
inamyloideis. Hypodermio cutiformi, ex hyphis
multiseptatis 5-12 nm latis efformato, his cum
hyphis epicutis pigmento fusco vel sepiaceo vel
pallide biso, vacuolari, dissoluto vel colloidaliter
condensato repletis. Tegumento stipitis e pilis us-
que ad 300 nm longis, 3-10 fim latis, dense div-
erticulatis, acutis, lanceolatis efformato; diverti-
culis acutis, spiniformibus, ad apicem cellulae
longioribus, ad basin brevioribus, conspicuis, par-
iete tenui, hyalina.

Ad folia delapsa dicotyledonea in silva tropicali
pluviali typi terrae firmae.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, 30 km N of Manaus,
23 III 1978, Singer B 10851 (inpa).

Mycena hydropodoides Sing., sp>ec. nov.

Pileo griseo, subglabro, sub lente demum sub-
rivuloso, sulcato per tres quartas partes radii, con-
vexo dein applanato, umbilicato, 1 1 mm lato. La-
mellis albis, distantibus, demum leniter
intervenosis, saepe furcatis, decurrentibus. Stipite
albo, in parte inferiore sordide grisello, macro-
scopice glabro, aequali, 28 x 1 mm, haud insititio.
Odore vix manifesto.

Sporis 5-7 x 2.5-3.5 tim, cylindraceis vel ellip-
soideis, levibus, hyalinis, amyloideis. Hymenio:
Basidiis 13.5-22 x 5.5-7.5 nm, tetrasporis. Cys-
tidiis nulHs. Cheilocystidiis sat numerosis, 18-19.8
X 6-6.3 nm (corpore basali), typi Sicci modo se-
tulis apicalibus ± 5 fim longis acutis appendicu-
latis, hyalinis, tenuitunicatis. Hyphis Mycenarum
typicarum modo latis praesertim prope hypoder-
mium evolutis, cellulis minus inflatis in aliis par-
tibus, pseudoamyloideis, fibulatis, haud gelatinos-
is. Epicute pilei ex hyphis supeme diverticulatis
efformata, sed intermittente et in certis locis hy-
phis hypodermii expositis; ibi cellulis hypodermii
supeme diverticulatis. Hypodermio ex hyphis cu-
tem formantibus, cellulis catenulatis voluminosis
(e. gr. 25-30 x 18-20 iim) consistentibus, e pig-
mento vacuolari fuscis efformato; ubi diverticula
praesunt, ± 5 nm alta sunt.

Ad folia dicotyledonea delapsa in silva tropicali
typi terrae firmae.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, 30 km N of Manaus,
26 XII 1977, Singer B 10421 (inpa).

This species is close to M. microtephra Sing. It
differs in narrower spores, and the colors of the
fresh pileus and stipe.

Mycena icterinoides Sing., spec. nov.

In the neotropics several forms and microspe-
cies of the stirps Osmundicola can be distin-
guished, and in Amazonia most of our collections
are lignicolous. One of the foliicolous ones is M.
hemitrichialis. Others may be worth distinguish-
ing, but we refrain from publishing them until a
special study of the whole stirps is finished. How-
ever, see also M. depilata Sing. (p. 72) and M.
microstena Sing. (p. 81) which appear to be out-
standing and sufficiently different from the various
forms described under M. alphitophora (Berk.)
Sacc. = M. osmundiale Lange.

Pileo flavo, haud viscido, glabro, levi, convexo,
profunde umbilicato, ± 14 mm lato. Lamellis
concoloribus, distantibus, sat latis, decurrentibus.
Stipite concolori, glabro, haud viscido, aequali,
haud insititio, ± 22 x 1.3 mm. Carne inodora.

Sporis 4.7-6.5 x 4.3-6.2 ^m, globosis, levibus,
hyalinis, amyloideis. Hymenio: Basidiis 26-37 x
7 fim, tetrasporis. Cystidiis nullis sed cheilocys-
tidiis ad et prope aciem lamellamm praesentibus,
28—45 X 5.5-21 /xm, numerosis, subvesiculosis et
levibus, plus minusve mucronatis, rarius late am-
pullaceis, tenuitunicatis, flavidulo-hyalinis, ina-

SINGER: NEW TAXA OF AGARICALES

75

myloideis. Hyphis sat latis, in pileo radiatim dis-
positis, inamyloideis, fibulatis, haud gelatinosis.
Epicute pilei vix differentiata sed hyphis extermis
supeme manifeste denseque diverticulatis, diver-
ticulis ± 2.5 nm altis.

Ad hgnum emortuum Dicotyledonum in silva
primaria typi terrae firmae sohtario.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, near road Manaus-
Caracarai, km 45, 1 1 VII 1977, Singer B 10087
(F).

This species has the aspect of Gerronema icter-
inum Sing. but it is a true Mycena with amyloid
spores and diverticulate epicutis-hyphae. It differs
from similar species of Mycena in globose spores
combined with yellow pileus and stipe and ina-
myloid hyphae.

Mycena igapoensis Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo griseo margine albo vel atrogriseo margine
griseo vel pallidissime alvellaneo, glabro, levi, haud
viscoso, convexo, obtuso, in siccis centro inter-
dum subdepresso, 1-3.5 mm lato. Lamellis albis
vel albidis, distantibus, paucis (4-6 percurrenti-
bus, perpaucis intermixtis), angustis vel modera-
tim latis, arcuatis, adnatis vel adnato-subdecur-
rentibus. Stipite albo, ad basin interdum
sublutescente, glabro, filiformi, 19-21 x 0.2 mm,
subinsititio. Inodora.

Sporis 6-10 X 2.3-3.3 nm, anguste fusoideis,
levibus, hyalinis, inamyloideis. Hymenio: Basidiis
16-22 X 4.5-6.7 fim, tetrasporis vel tetrasporis et
bisporis mixtis, clavatis. Cystidiis numerosis ad
aciem, aequaliter numerosis vel minus numerosis
ad latera lamellarum, 16-22.5 x 2-5(-6.7) /xm,
forma sua basidiola Marasmiorum in mentem re-
vocantibus, fusoideis, acutis, integris, levibus, hy-
alinis. Cheilocystidiis semel visis differentiatis (typi
Rotalis) an constantibus? Hyphis usque ad 1 5 ixm
latis, sed filamentosis intermixtis, in stipite par-
allelis, fibulatis, sed multis septis secundariis in-
termixtis nec non primariis interdum defibulatis,
in pileo inamyloideis, in stipite nonnullis debiliter
pseudoamyloideis visis, haud gelatinosis. Epicute
pilei cutiformi, hyalina, hyphis extemis manifeste
denseque diverticulatis (diverticulis 1-2 nm altis).
Hypodermio cutiformi, pigmento dissoluto vac-
uolari griseolo vel sepicaceo-fuligineo repletis, in-
terdum etiam intraparietali sed vix visibili in KOH.
Tegumento stipitis subnullo, sed hyphis extemis

eis epicutis pilei modo dense diverticulatis (div-
erticulis 1.5-1 1 nm altis).

Ad folia delapsa in vegetatione typi igapo.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, Igarape do Taru-
mazinho, 19 III 1980, leg. /. Araujo Aguiar & Sing-
er B 12035 (inpa). Additional collection: same lo-
cality, 26 III 1980, Singer B 12066 (inpa).

The small number of lamellae, subinsititious
stipe, and narrowly fusoid, inamyloid spores are
characteristic.

Mycena indica Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo purpureo-griseo, glabro, convexo, umbon-
ato, usque ad 27 mm lato. Lamellis concoloribus,
intervenosis et anastomosantibus (connectivus us-
que ad madiam latitudinem percurrentium), la-
teribus transverse venosis, subangustis, breviter
decurrentibus. Sporis in massa candidis. Stipite
subconcolori, glabro vel subglabro, apicem versus
subattenuato velsubaequali,usquead75 x 2mm.
Mycelio basali praesente. Carne immutabili, in-
odora.

Sporis 6-7 x 3.5-4 ^m, ellipsoideis, levibus,
hyalinis, inamyloideis. Hymenio: Basidiis 18-24.5
X 5.5-7 nm, tetrasporis. Cheilocystidiis ad aciem
et ad latera prope aciem lamellarum sat nume-
rosis, 20-37 x 7-15 ^im, versiformibus, plemm-
que ventricosis, rarius utriformibus, subcylindra-
ceis, subampullaceis vel mucronatis, subclavatis,
hyalinis, tenuitunicatis. Hyphis voluminosis (cel-
lulis usque ad 25 nm latis, multis brevibus, my-
cenoideis), in stipite subparallelis et usque ad 20
^m latis, septis plemmque fibulatis, parietibus for-
titer pseudoamyloideis. Epicute pilei ex derma-
tocystidiis (haud hymeniformiter dispositis sed
sparsioribus, e. gr. 17 x 7.3 nm et cheilocystidiis
similibus), e cute hyphamm intertextamm natis
efformata. Tegumento stipitis dermatocystidiis in
parte media nullis vel perraris praedito.

Ad folia putrida Quercus incanae Roxb. et Rho-
dodendri arborei Sm. in silva montana.

TYPUS-India, Simla, Tutu, 1 982 m alt., 20 VIII
1979, Atri /2 (f).

This species belongs in sect. Purae and is similar
to Poromycena anastomosans Sing. which is prob-
ably a form of Mycena violacella (Speg.) Sing.

76

HELDIANA: BOTANY

Mycena intervenosa Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo fusco, marginem versus subpallido, gla-
bro, per 3 mm pellucide striato, levi, haud viscoso,
convexo, centro applanato, 1 2 mm lato. Lameilis
albis, sat confertis, sat angustis, in spatiis inter-
lamellaribus pileo concoloribus, intervenosis, ar-
cuatis, decurrentibus. Stipite albo, ad basin fus-
cidulo, sicco subflavescente, levi, glabro, aequali
vel lenissime apicem versus attenuato, 13-18 x
1-1.3 mm. Mycelio basali abundante, pallido.
Carne tenui, inodora.

Sporis(3.5-)4.3 x 2.5 Mm, ellipsoideis, levibus,
hyalinis, amyloideis. Hymenio: Basidiis 21-22 x
4 nm, tetrasporis. Cystidiis ad aciem lamellarum
numerosis, ad latera minus numerosis, 17-28 x
6-12 nm, subvesiculosis vel ventricosis, frequen-
ter utriformibus, integris et levibus, obtusis, hy-
alinis. Hyphis fibulatis, pseudoamyloideis, in stip-
ite haud gelatinosis et parallelis, in pileo et tramate
hymenophorali regulari voluminosis (structura
Mycenarum typicarum). Epicute pilei inamylo-
idea, cutiformi, ex hyphis filamentosis, 1-3.5 nm
crassis, vix vel lenissime gelatinosis, aliis haud
gelatinosis, levibus efformata; in strato inferiore
hyphis similibus, 1-4 nm latis, haud gelatinosis,
hoc strato intermittenter superficiem attingente.
Tegumento stipitis haud gelatinoso, dermatocys-
tidiis 15-18 x 6 fim, cystidiis hymenialibus sim-
ilibus praesentibus.

Ad lignum putrefactum dicotyledoneum in silva
primaria typi terrae firmae.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, 30 km N of Manaus,
6 IV 1977, Singer B 9615 (inpa).

longe piloso, praesertim basin versus, insititio, e.
gr. 32 mm longo, 0.2 mm lato. Odore nuUo.

Sporis 4-5.2 x 1.5-2.3 ^ni, perangustis, levi-
bus, hyalinis, fortiter amyloideis. Hymenio: Bas-
idiis 14-14.7 x 4.3-5.7 ^m, tetrasporis. Cysti-
diolis e. gr. 20.7 x 3.5 ^xm, basidiolis Marasmielli
simillimis. Cheilocystidiis nullis vel inconspicuis.
Pilis eis pilei et stipitis simillimis sparsis. Hyphis
pseudoamyloideis, fibulatis, in stipite parallelis, in
tramate hymenophorali regulariter dispositis. Ep-
icute pilei sat profunda, cutiformi, ex hyphis vix
gelatinosis, filamentosis, intertextis, hyalinis, in-
amyloideis, in superficie ipsa exteme manifeste
diverticulatis efformata et pilis 60-103 x 5-9.5
^m subulatis, subacutis vel acutis, firme (pariete
usque ad 0.8 tim crassa) tunicatis, inaequaliter sed
frequenter crasse incrustatis (incrustatione hyali-
na, resinacea) obsita. Tegumento stipitis e pilis
simillimis sed frequenter longioribus efformato.

Ad folia dicotyledonea delapsa in silva tropicali
pluviali primaria typi terrae firmae haud raro.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, 30 km N of Manaus,
29 VI 1977, Singer B 10025 (inpa). Additional
collections: same locality, (on leaves of Sclerone-
ma micrantha), 10 X 1977, SingerB 10184 {wpa);
same locality, 20 X 1977, Singer B 10211 (inpa);
same locality, 10 I 1978, Singer B 10502 (inpa).

Similar species are M. microjonia Sing. and M.
longicrinita Sing., but these differ from M. iono-
cephala in broader spores. The first differs also in
epicutis structure; M. longicrinita, in addition, has
different colors and thin-walled, narrower hairs.

Mycena roriduliformis (Murr.) Dennis is closely
related. Ours is scarcely or only slightly gelatinous.

Mycena ionocephala Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo violaceo vel lilaceo-amethystino, ("cyg-
net" vel 43 C 1 vel 43 D 1 M&P), sulcato, piloso
sed glabrescente, haud viscoso, convexo vel cam-
panulato, centro interdum subdepresso, 0.5-3.5
mm lato. Lamellis albis, ad aciem interdum vio-
laceopunctatis, horizontalibus, mediocriter dis-
tantibus vel admodum distantibus (interdum qu-
inque percurrentibus tantum), latis, adnatis, rarius
breviter decurrentibus. Stipite albo, dein frequen-
ter a basi apicem versus coriicolori vel umbrino,

Mycena kermesina Sing., Agar. mod. tax 4th ed.,

p. 406. 1986.

Pileo rubro, carmesino ("salvia" M&P), glabro,
levi, haud viscoso, convexo vel campanulato, dein
centro leniter depresso, 2-5 mm lato. Lamellis
aurantio-flavidis vel cameis, ad aciem mbro-mar-
ginatis (pileo concoloribus: "salvia"), sat lalis, dis-
tantibus, adnatis. Stipite pileo concolori (sub lente
subaurantiaco sed rubro-puntato), ad apicem hy-
alinipiloso, basin versus purpureo-mbro-piloso,
filamentoso, insititio, 18-19 x 0.2 mm. Carne al-
bida, immutabili, inodora.

Sporis 7-7.5 x 3.5 ^m, ellipsoideis, levibus,
hyalinis, amyloideis. Hymenio: Basidiis 19-21 x
7.5 iim, saepe trisporis. Basidiolis subfusoideis, ad
basin fibulatis. Cystidiis nullis, sed cheilocystidiis

SINGER: NEW TAXA OF AGARICALES

77

ad aciem et prope aciem lamellarum numerosis,
37-53 X 24-28 fim, subcylindraceis vel ventri-
cosis vel subvesiculosis, tenuitunicatis, ad apicem
tantum typi Rotalis modo setulosis, setulis obtusis
1-6 X 1.5 /xm, rarius saccatis et usque ad 5 x 3
nm, acie lamellarum ex eis heteromorpha. Hyphis
latis (in tramate pilei e cellulis usque ad 62 x 35
fxm), hbulatis, pseudoamyloideis, haud gelatinosis;
tramate hymenophorali regulari; hyphis stipitis
parallelis. Epicute pilei subhymeniformi, e der-
matocystidiis late ventricosis vel cylindraceis, in-
terdum subvesiculosis, in KOH hyalinis efFor-
mata, his 25-37 x 12-20 ^im (corpore basali) sed
setulis typi Rotalis modo (sed ad apicem tantum)
saccato-ventricosis 12-15 x 3-7 /im, raro furcatis
omatis, pariete usque ad 0.5 nm crassa, inamy-
loidea instructis. Subhymenio epithelioso, e cel-
lulis subglobosis efformato. Tegumento stipitis di-
morpho, (1) praesertim basin versus e
dermatocystidiis 21-33 x 18-23 nm efformato,
his integris, numerosis, erectis, ventricosis vel sub-
vesiculosis vel vesiculosis, obtusis, tenuitunicatis
vel leniter crassitunicatis (pariete usque ad 0.3 ^m
crassa), hyalinis in KOH, setulis destitutis, (2) der-
matocystidiis longis, 130-235 x 15-22 nm, am-
pullaceis, apice (collo) excepto crassitunicatis (par-
iete (0.5-)l ^m hyalina in KOH); paucis
dermatocystidiis intermediis inter ambos typos e.
gr. 75 X 16-17 ixm, ampullaceis, firme tunicatis.
Ad folia dicotyledonea delapsa in silva tropicali
primaria typi terrae firmae et igapo.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, 30 km N of Manaus,
31 XI 1977, leg. Araujo Aguiar, Singer B 10252
(inpa). Additional collections: same locality, 1 9 III
1980, SingerB 12040 (inpa); same locality, 26 III
1980, SingerB 12070 (inpa); Reserva Ducke, flood
plain, 31 V 1985, SingerB 13013 (f).

This species differs from others widely and in
many characters. It is not rare in Amazonia and
strikingly beautiful. A somewhat similar species,
M. minirubra Stevenson (Kew Bull 19: 48. 1964)
is ceriainly different. A short diagnosis (Singer
1986) is here completed.

Mycena kuthanii Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo fuligineo ("biskra" M&P), glabro, nitido,
viscoso, levi, convexo, dein applanato, umbonato,
± 19 mm lato. Lamellis griseis, acie fuligineis,
horizontalibus, subconfertis vel subdistantibus,
subascendentibus in juventute(?), ventricosis, lib-

eris. Stipite fusco (pileo pallidiore), stricto, haud
viscoso, levi, haud radicante, aequali, ± 53 x 2
mm. Mycelio basali sericeo, sparso, pallido. Carne
inodora.

Sporis 10-13.5 x 6.2-8 ^m, ellipsoideis, levi-
bus, hyalinis, amyloideis. Hymenio: Basidiis 35-
45 X 8.5-9.5 iim, bisporis, sterigmatibus usque
12 iim longis. Cystidiis nullis. Cheilocystidiis ad
aciem late heteromorpham 38-52 x 10-16 /um,
ventricosis vel subclavatis, typi Rotalis modo hy-
alino-setulosis setulis 1.5-2.5 ^m longis in parte
tertia superiore, tenuitunicatis, inamyloideis, gri-
sco-fusco pigmento vacuolari repletis. Hyphis de-
fibulatis, haud gelatinosis; tramate hymenophorali
regulari, hyalino, cellulis voluminosis 12-27 nm
latis, hymenopodio magis intertexto, hyalino, haud
gelatinoso. Epicute pilei tenui, cutiformi, supeme
ex hyphis diverticulatis, hyalinis, inamyloideis,
subgelatinosis efformata. Hypodermio cutiformi,
a tramate pilei pigmento vacuolari fusco distincto.

Ad humum sublignosum inter muscos.

Typus— Czechoslovakia, Moravia, Moravsko-
Slovanskie Beskidy, Podolanky near Celadna, 20
IV 1974, leg. Singer & Kuthan, Singer C 5605 (f).

Mycena lacrimans Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo griseo, glabro, sulcato, non viscoso, con-
vexo, obtuso, haud umbilicato, 6-7 mm lato. La-
mellis albis, latis, subdistantibus vel distantibus,
paucis lamellulis intermixtis, haud intervenosis,
lacrimantibus ad aciem et hic resinoso-maculatis
in siccis, adnatis dente decurrente. Stipite pallido,
siccando grisente, nitido sed haud glutinoso, ad-
modum subtiliter et distanter pruinato, glabres-
cente, filamentoso, aequali, 55 x 0.5 mm. Mycelio
basali albo. Carne alba, tenui, odore nuUo, sapore
miti.

Sporis 7-7.8 x 2.7-3.5 iim, oblongis vel cylin-
draceis, levibus, hyalinis, debiliter sed manifeste
amyloideis. Hymenio: Basidiis 14-18 x 6-7.5 /xm,
tetrasporis. Cystidiis nullis. Cheilocystidiis 24-^ 1
X 4-1 1 nm, plemmque 30-40 x 7.5-8.5 nm, cy-
lindraceis vel anguste ventricoso-clavatis, obtusis,
ex integro fere diverticulatis (diverticulis ad ipsam
basin tantum nullis, ad apicem 3.5-4.5(-5) x l-
2Mm,cetemm 1 x 0. 1-0.2 Mm),sursumconspicuo
obtectis exudatione amorpha, crassa, in solutione
Melzeri solubili. Nonnullis gloeo-vasculis inter-
dum hymenium attingentibus. Hyphis in tramate
pilei radiatim dispositis, subparallelis, fibulatis,
pseudoamyloideis, moderatim latis, haud gelati-

78

HELDIANA: BOTANY

nosis, in KOH hyalinis; in stipite parallelis, fortiter
pseudoamyloideis. Tramate hymenophorali struc-
tura typica Mycenarum gaudente, regulari, hyali-
no; hymenopodio ex hyphis nonnihil angustiori-
bus efformato; subhymenio angusto, e celluHs
minutis efformato, subcellulari. Gloeo-vasculis in
tramatibus praesentibus et cum gloeocystidiis sub-
vesiculosis nonnullis continuis, versiformibus,
tenui- vel crassitunicatis (sed pariete demum dis-
soluta), contentu oleaginoso, amorpho et exuda-
tionibus flavis instructis. Epicute pilei intermit-
tenter filamentosa, ex hyphis repentibus supeme
± diverticulatis effbrmata. Hypodermioex hyphis
inflatis effbrmato et ubi superficiale est, ibi hyphae
supeme diverticulatae sunt, omnibus hyphis as-
cendentibus subtrichodermialibus, cellulis inflatis,
voluminosis, brevibus, pseudoamyloideis. Gloeo-
cystidiis hinc ilhnc visis. Tegumento stipitis e der-
matocystidiis cheilocystidiis simiUbus effbrmata,
sed illis diverticulis uniformiter tenuibus, brevi-
bus, densis obtectis et angustioribus nec non fre-
quenter brevioribus; gloeocystidiis raris.

Ad foUa dicotyledonea delapsa in silva tropicali
humida, soHtario.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, Reserva Ducke
(± 25 km N of Manaus), 4 XII 1978, Singer B
11429 iwPA).

Mycena lecythidacearum Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo murino, disco fusco-griseo, longe sulcato,
glabro, haud viscoso, obtuse conico vel causiifor-
mi, frequenter margine demum recurvato, inter-
dum subumbiHcato, 8-16 mm lato, 3-10 mm alto.
Lamellis griseis, sublatis vel latissimis, subarcuatis
vel subhorizontalibus, maturis plus minusve in-
tervenosis, distantibus, interdum paucis furcatis,
adnatis, siccis subdecurrentibus. Stipite pallide
griseo, glabro, levi, haud viscido, aequali, haud
insititio, interdum basi attenuata subradicante sed
plemmque peraequali et nullo modo radicante,
21-30 X 1-2 mm. MyceHo basali sparso. Velo
nullo. Carne albido-pallida, inodora.

Sporis7-9 x 5-6 ^m, plerqumque 7-8 x 5-5.5
/xm (Q < 2), ellipsoideis vel late ellipsoideis, lev-
ibus, hyalinis, amyloideis. Hymenio: Basidiis 26-
27 X 7-8 nm, tetrasporis. Cystidiis nullis. Cheil-
ocystidiis ad aciem heteromorphicam 28-42 x 2-
6 ixm (sursum), subcylindraceis vel subfusoideis
vel filamentosis, interdum basi inflata, hyalinis,
frequentius nonnullis appendiculis lateralibus or-
natis quam integris, appendiculis brevibus vel

eIongatisetdactyIomorphis(usquead7 x 1.5 ^m),
ad apicem interdum furcatis, hyalinis. Hyphis
structura Mycenarum typica gaudentibus in pileo
et in tramate hymenophorali regulari, fortiter
pseudoamyloideis, fibulatis, hyalinis (KOH). Ep-
icute pilei e subcute gelatinosa nata, e diverticulis
hyphosis vix gelatinosis, tenuibus, saepe furcatis,
usquead 12 x l.^^m metientibuseflbrmata. Sub-
cute gelatinosa 25-45 ixm diametri, hyalina, ina-
myloidea. Hypodermio fuscidulo, eius hyphis in-
flatis, pigmento intracellulari. Tegumento stipitis
ex hyphis erectis ascendentibus que filamentosis,
diverticulatis, inamyloideis, haud gelatinosis ef-
formato.

Ad lignum emortuum Lecythidaceamm in silva
tropicali pluviali virginea typi "terra firme" gre-
gatim vel subcaespitose.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, 30 km N of Manaus,
3 VI 1977, Singer B 9920 (inpa).

Mycena longicrinita Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo mbro ("poinsettia" vel "spark" M&P),
sicco subfuligineo, interdum iam in vegetis subfu-
ligineo, interdum in vegetis roseolo-brunneo vel
fermgineo-aurantiaco, interdum permanenter fus-
co, admodum variabili colore, haud viscido, sub-
tiliter hyalino-piloso, in majoribus sulcato, obtuse
conico, 0.8-2.2 mm lato. Lamellis pallidis vel gris-
eis, ad aciem plerumque, praesertim siccatione fu-
ligineis vel atrobrunneis, distantibus, latis, arcu-
atis vel horizontalibus, adnatis, frequenter dente
decurrentibus. Stipite pileo concolori vel fuligi-
nascente, albo-piloso, interdum subpallido in ve-
getis, 6-41 X 0.05-0.1 mm; mycelio basali inter-
dum sparso, ceterum hyphis hyalinis radiantibus
albo. Carne inodora, tenuissima.

Sporis 6.5-12 x 3.3—4.5 nm, ellipsoideis vel
oblongis, levibus, hyalinis, amyloideis. Hymenio:
Basidiis 22-25 x 7.5-10 ^m, bisporis et tetras-
poris. Cystidiis veris nullis, sed cystidiolis fuso-
ideis (e. gr. 17 x 4.5 nm) interdum praesentibus.
Cheilocystidiis ad aciem heteromorpham 13-40
X 2.5-7 /um, omnibus diverticulatis sed versifor-
mibus, interdum apice bi-vel trifurcatis, in parte
basali levibus, hyalinis sed in lamellis vetustis et
siccis porphyrobmnneis pigmento intracellulari.
Hyphis pseudoamyloideis, in stipite parallelis, in
pileo et in tramate hymenophorali regulari My-
cenamm typicamm modo inflatis, fibulatis, in pi-
leum divergentibus, hyphis longicellulatis, fuligi-
nascentibus, pigmentum ducentibus in tramatibus

SINGER: NEW TAXA OF AGARICALES

79

haud raris, in zona hymenopodiali et hypoder-
miali numerosis. Laticiferis veris in stipite nullis.
Epicute pilei cutiformi, in vegetis hyaHna vel sub-
hyaHna in KOH, hyphis extemis supeme diver-
ticuHs densis usque ad 5 nm longis omatis; prae-
terea piHs longissimis (5-100 nm, rarius
longioribus) levibus, hyaHnis, interdum furcatis,
1-2 nm latis, ad basin plerumque usque ad 3-4.5
fim dilatatis, cetemm filiformibus praesentibus.
Hypodermio in siccis pigmento intracellulari
granuloso fuscato. Tegumento stipitis ex hyphis
extemis corticalibus diverticulatis et pilis longis,
basin versus longissimis, eis pilei simillimis efFor-
mato.

Ad folia dicotyledonea delapsa in silva primaria
tropicali typi terrae firmae solitario vel gregatim.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, 30 km N of Manaus,
13 VII 1977, Singer B 10106 (inpa). Additional
collections: same locality, 18 V 1977, Singer B
9676 (inpa); same locality, 19 VI 1977, Singer B
9948 (inpa); same locality, 19 VI 1977, Singer B
9957 (inpa); same locality, 18 VI 1977, Singer B
9989 (iNPA); same locality, 23 VI 1977, Singer B
9998 (iNPA); same locality, 6 VII 1977, Singer B
10042 (iNPA); same locality, 10 X 1977, Singer B
10133 (INPA).

The necropigment becomes visible on drying.
The long hairs on pileus and stipe are striking when
observed in fresh or well-dried material under bin-
ocular microscope. Other species which are red
when fresh have difFerent microscopical charac-
teristics.

Mycena microjonia Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo purpureoviolaceo, glabro, haud viscido
sulcato, convexo, umbilicato, 1 mm lato. Lamellis
in siccis pallidis, distantibus vel subdistantibus.
Stipite sordidiore (cum bmnneolo) quam pileus,
subtiliter piloso praesertim ad apicem, 5 x 0. 1
mm.

Sporis(6-)7-7.5 x (3.5-)4-4.2 ^m, elHpsoideis,
levibus, hyalinis, amyloideis. Hymenio: Basidiis
22-24 X 7-7.5 nm, tetrasporis, basidiolis haud
fusoideis. Cystidiis nullis. Cheilocystidiis 1 2-20 x
6-8 /Ltm, subclavatis vel late ventricosis paucis lob-
is vel appendiculis sterigmatoideis ad apicem or-
natis, tenuitunicatis et collabentibus, hyalinis, in-
amyloideis. Hyphis structura Mycenarum

typicarum gaudentibus, fortiter pseudoamyloid-
eis, haud gelatinosis. Epicute pilei intermittenter ]
hymeniformi et ex hyphis repentibus diverticu-
latis efformata, ubi hymeniformis est elementa hy-
menii cheilocystidiis simillima sunt, 1 2-2 1x12-
17 nm, omnibus ceHuIis hyalinis vel subhyaHnis.
Aliis hyphis et subhymenio et diverticulis partim
pigmento atropurpureo-bmnneo repletis (KOH).
Ad folia dicotyledonea delapsa in silva primar-
ia, tropicali typi terrae firmae.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, 30 km N of Manaus,
29 VIII 1977, leg. Izonete Araujo Aguiar, comm.
Singer B 10143 (inpa).

The abundant dermatocystidia which form in-
termittent hymeniform areas, as well as the violet
pigment and the fruiting season during the drier
months of the year, are noticeable. The species is
rather rare in Central Amazonia and has not been
discovered elsewhere.

Mycena microleucoides Sing.. spec. nov.

Pileo candido, glabro, sulcato, convexo, raro
papillato, 1-2 mm lato. Lamellis albis, angustis
vel mediocriter latis, primum ascendentibus, mox
horizontalibus, distantibus, anguste adnexis. Stip-
ite albo, glabro, filamentoso, 22-23 x 0.1 mm.
Mycelio basali hyalino-albo. Carne tenuissima,
odore nullo percepto.

Sporis 5.5-8 x 3.5-4 nm, eUipsoideis, levibus,
hyalinis, amyloideis. Hymenio: Basidiis 12-13 x
6.5-7.5 nm, tetrasporis, basidiolis subglobosis.
Cystidiis nullis. Cheilocystidiis inter basidia spar-
sis, cylindraceis vel ventricosis, ad apicem div-
erticulis obtusis erectis vel obliquis paucis omatis,
hyalinis, tenuitunicatis. Hyphis Mycenamm typ-
icarum modo inflatis, hyalinis, fibulatis, pseudoa-
myloideis. Epicute cutiformi, ex hyphis tenuissim-
is superficiem versus diverticulis brevissimis,
obtusis, vix densis instmctis efformata. Strato cor-
ticali stipitis haud gelatinoso, tegumento nullo.

Ad folia dejecta Alni jorullensis H. B. & K. gre-
gatim in silvis montanis.

Tvpus— Argentina, Jujuy, Lagunas de Yala, 9 II
1965, Singer T 3898 (F).

This species is similar and related to M. micro-
leuca Sing.

80

HELDIANA: BOTANY

Mycena micromelaena Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo atrogriseo vel griseolo-fuligineo, demum
subnigro, centro concolori vel pallido, extra cen-
trum sulcato, subverticali, ad marginem extre-
mum interdum albido, centro applanato vel sub-
depresso, ceterum convexo, ubique glabro, 2.5-
3.5 mm lato. Lamellis albis, in siccis etiam albis,
latissimis, subarcuatis, simplicibibus, demum
subintervenosis, distantibus, adnato-subdecurren-
tibus. Stipite albo, macroscopice glabro et sub lente
glabrescente, haud viscoso, aequali, 16-30 x 0.2-
0.3 mm. Mycelio basali albo, radiante. Carne alba,
immutabili, tenuissima, inodora.

Sporis 7.7-10.7 x 4-5 ixm, ellipsoideis vel ob-
longis, raro ovatis, levibus, hyalinis, amyloideis.
Hymenio: Basidiis 16-22.5 x 6-7 ^m, tetrasporis,
perpaucis bisporis. Cystidiis paucis, cheilocysti-
diis identicis. Cheilocystidiis 28-30 x 6-12.5 /itm,
ex integro subtiliter diverticulatis, (diverticulis ad
apicem cellulae 1.5-2.2 ^m ad latera 0.7-0.8 nm
altis), hyalinis, obtusis, fusoideis vel ampullaceis,
ventricosis, contentu visibili nullo. Hyphis My-
cenarum typicarum modo inflatis, hyalinis, pseu-
doamyloideis, haud gelatinosis, tenuitunicatis, fi-
bulatis. Epicute pilei cutiformi, hyphis extemis
suF>eme diverticulatis, hyalinis. Hypodermio cu-
tiformi, ex hyphis latiusculis sepiaceis vel spadi-
ceis e pigmento vacuolari effbrmato. Dermato-
cystidiis in carpophoris maturis nullis vel raris,
sed in immaturis stipitibus nonnullis dermatocys-
tidiis eis hymenii similibus visis.

Ad folia dicotyledonea delapsa in silva primaria
tropicali typi terrae firmae gregatim.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, 30 km N of Manaus,
10 XI 1977, Singer B 10276 (inpa).

Mycena micropolia Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo brunneolo-griseo vel fuscidulo-griseo,
sparse hyalino-piloso, sulcato, convexo, 1 mm lato.
Lamellis griseis acie griseis vel pallidis, distantibus
(septem), late adnatis. Stipite atrogriseo, fortiter
hyalino-piloso, filiformi, 6-7 x 0.1 mm. Mycelio
basali exiguo, hyalino, sericeo, breviter radiante,
sub lente tantum visibili. Carne inodora.

Sporis(7-)9-9.5 x (2.8-)4-4.8 Mm, ellipsoideis,
paucis oblongis, levibus, hyalinis, debiliter amy-
loideis. Hymenio: Basidiis 19-22 x 6-8 nm. Cys-
tidiis haud visis. Cheilocystidiis e. gr. 20 x 8.5
nm, versiformibus, saepe clavatis, setulis ex in-

tegro vel ad apicem tantum obsitis, hyalinis. Pilis
hyphoideis paucis vel raris, usque ad 1 50 /xm lon-
gis, 4-10 /zm latis, obtusis vel acutis, hyalinis, ten-
uiter vel firme tunicatis. Hyphis Mycenamm typ-
icamm modo inflatis, pseudoamyloideis, haud
gelatinosis. Epicute pilei cutiformi, ex hyphis fi-
lamentosis, supeme diverticulis 1—4 ^m altis or-
natis effbrmata, in KOH pigmento vix visibili. Hic
ita ut in stipitis superficie pilis eis acieis lamellar-
um simillimis praesentibus, in stipite numerosis.
Ad folia dicotyledonea delapsa solitario in silva
tropicali typi terrae firmae.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, 30 km N of Manaus,
8 VIII 1977, SingerB 10133 (inpa).

This differs from M. microtrichialis Sing. in larg-
er spores and pigmentation.

Mycena microstena Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo uniformiter griseo, demum subtiliter sul-
culato-striato per medium radium, subpminato,
conico-campanulato, 1 mm alto et lato. Lamellis
albis, siccando pallide sordideque griseolis, ascen-
dentibus, angustis, mediocriter distantibus, ad-
nexis. Stipite pallide vel dilute griseo, subpruinato,
aequali, flexuoso, disco basali destituto, 7 x 0.05
mm. Mycelio basali albo. Carne tenuissima, ino-
dora.

Sporis (in typo paucis) ±6.5 x 3 ^m, ellipso-
ideo-oblongis, levibus, hyalinis, debiliter amy-
loideis. Hymenio: Basidiis 16x7 ^m. Cystidiis
nullis. Cheilocystidiis inconspicuis, 25-28 x 1-4
nm, subfilamentosis, apicem versus leniter angus-
tatis, raro furcatis, hyalinis. Hyphis Mycenamm
typicamm modo inflatis, pseudoamyloideis, haud
gelatinosis. Epicute pilei ex elementis vesiculosis,
subtiliter diverticulatis vel levibus, tenuitunicatis,
pigmentatis vel hyalinis, 1 1-20 x 8.5-14 ^m ef-
formata; multis ex eis liberis. Tegumento stipitis
ex elementis similibus effbrmato, sed praeterea
dermatocystidiis cylindraceis vel clavato-ventri-
cosis ex integro diverticulatis moderatim nume-
rosis et eis Mycenae osmundicolae brevioribus
praesentibus. Pigmento vacuolari, frequenter col-
loidaliter condensato.

Ad lignum emortuum Dicotyledonum in silva
tropicali typi campinaranae solitario.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, near road Manaus-
Caracarai, km 45, 10 VIII 1978, Singer B 11357
(inpa).

SINGER: NEW TAXA OF AGARICALES

81

This belongs in stirps Osmundicola, see also note
underAf. depilataSing. and M. hemitrichialis Sing.

Mycena microtephra Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo minore (±4 mm), stipite minore (± 7 x
0.3 mm), basin versus castanescente; sporis non-
nihil latioribus et habitatione in ramulo ligneo in
Alnetis a M. hydropodoidi Sing. differt.

Typus— Argentina, Jujuy, Lagunas de Yala, 9 II
\965, SingerT 3918 {¥).

Mycena microtrichialis Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo palHde fuscidulo vel albo, lamellis albis
vel albidis, sporis minoribus (3.5-7 x 2.3-4 ^m,
plerumque 5-6 x 2.5-3 fim, admodum versifor-
mibus), cheilocystidiis typi Sicci vel sursum ra-
mosis, nec non praesentia dermatocystidiorum 8-
13 X 3.5-8^111, ± crassitunicatis differt, sed char-
acteribus ceteris, praesertim pilorum longorum pi-
lei et stipitis levibus, hic 80-300 x 2-4 ynm, tenui-
vel firme tunicatis cum M. micropolia Sing. con-
gruit.

In silva tropicah typi terrae firmae ad foha di-
cotyledonea.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, 30 km N of Manaus,
10 I 1978, Singer B 10506a (inpa).

Mycena microxantha Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo minuto (1-2 mm), lamellis sex tantum;
cheilocystidiis paullum minoribus (23-37 x 7.5-
10 Mm, apice 4.5-6 ^im diam.) stipite minore (5-
10 X 0.1 mm); sporis amyloideis et hyphis pseu-
doamyloideis a Mycena oregonensi Smith (vix af-
fini) differt; ab affiniore M. gracilipede (Murr.)
Murr. coloribus et sporis paullum minoribus; ab
ambobus habitatione differt. Subinsititia est.

Ad folia dicotyledonea delapsa in silva inun-
dabili typi igapo gregatim.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, Igarape do Taru-
mazinho, 8 IX 1978, Singer B 11388 (inpa). Ad-
ditional collection: same locality, 21 II 1980, Sing-
erB 12017 (WPA).

Mycena muciflua (Hohn.) Sing., comb. nov.

BASiONYM—Collybia mucijlua Hohn., Sitz.-ber.
K. Akad. Wiss. Wien 118: 276. 1909.

The type of M. roriduliformis (Murr.) Dennis,
M. roridula (Berk. & Curt.) Sacc, M. euspeireae
(Berk. & Curt.) Sacc. (all fh) represent a strictly
related group of Mycenas, subsect. Caespitosae A.
H. Smith.

Mycena nanoclavula Sing., spec. nov.

Mycenae claviculari (Fr.) Gillet afhnis et car-
pophoris multum minoribus (pileo 3-3.5 mm lato;
stipite 8 X 0.1-0.2 mm), sporis paullum minori-
bus (6-9.5 X 2.5-3.5 ixm) nec non omnibus par-
tibus albis differt, sed stipite glutine obtecto et typo
cheilocystidiorum et dermatocystidiorum con-
gruit.

Ad folia dicotyledonea delapsa in silva tropicali
typi terrae firmae gregatim.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, 30 km N of Manaus,
23 III 1978, Singer B 10829 (inpa).

Mycena neotropicaiis Sing., spec. nov.

Characteribus Marasmielli foliicolae Sing. in
Sing. & Digilio, Lilloa 25: 148. 1951 gaudet, sed
in Mycenam transferenda, ubi Mycena foliicola
Metrod, Prodr. Flore Myc. Madagascar 3: 131.
1 949 non identica. Mycenae theobromicolae Den-
nis similis sed cheilocystidiis 1 1-42 x 3-6.5 tim,
haud typi Rotalis modo diverticulatis, sed integris
et levibus, summopere variabilibus forma. Tra-
mate pilei et hymenophori regularis inamyloideo
in typo M. neotropicalis.

Typus— Argentina, Tucuman, Sierra de San Ja-
vier, 24 IV 1951, Singer T 1523 (lil).

Mycena pantopolia Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo atrogriseo, sulcato, glabro, haud viscoso,
convexo, obtuso, demum centro subdepresso, ± 5 ]
mm lato. Lamellis griseis, subconfertis, adnatis.
Stipite murino, apice albo, glabro, 28-33 x 0.5
mm. Mycelia basali albo. Carne alba, inodora.

Sporis 6.7-9.8 x 3.3^.8 nm, ellipsoideis vel
oblongis, levibus, hyalinis, amyloideis. Hymenio:
Basidiis 14-19 x 6 fim, tetrasporis. Cystidiis nul-
lis. Cheilocystidiis ad aciem heteromorpham ± 20
X 4 fxm, ad et prope apicem appendicibus exiguis
dactylomorphis erectis vel subobliquis, usque ad
4.5 nm longis omatis, subtus anguste subventri-
cosis, raro bifidis, omnibus hyalinis. Hyphis hy-

82

HELDIANA: BOTANY

alinis in tramatibus, Mycenarum typicarum modo
inflatis, pseudoamyloideis, flbulatis, nulla in parte
gelatinosis. Epicute pilei tenuissima, hyalina, hy-
phis filamentosis supeme diverticulatis constituta,
cutifomii, inamyloidea. Hypodermio cutifonni,
ex hyphis inflatis, pseudoamyloideis pigmentatis
effbnnato; pigmento griseo-fusco, vacuolari.

Ad folia dicotyledonea delapsa in silva tropicali
typi terrae firmae.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, 30 km N of Manaus,
20 II 1978, Singer B 10683 (inpa).

Mycena vitilis (Fr.) Quel. sensu Lange = M. fil-
opes (Bull. ex Fr.) Kummer sensu Kiihner is very
similar and related. The Amazonian species differs
especially in smaller spores, smaller pileus, shorter
stipe, and smaller cheilocystidia.

Mycena pluvialis Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo fusco, levi vel brevissime sulcato, glabro,
margine partim crenulato, convexo-subcampan-
ulato, papillato, 2.5 mm alto et lato. Lamellis pal-
lide griseis, satis angustis, ascendentibus, medi-
ocriter distantibus, stipitem versus angustatis,
adnexis. Stipite griseolo-pallido, interdum pallide
griseo, glabro, haud viscoso, subaequali, ± 8.5 x
0.6 mm. Mycelio basali albo. Carne tenui, im-
mutabili, inodora.

Sporis 7.5-9 x 6-7 fxm, breviter ellipsoideis,
rarius subglobosis, levibus, hyalinis, acyanophilis,
haud carminophilis, pariete subfirma instmctis,
inamyloideis. Hymenio: Basidiis 27-35 x 8.8-10
^m, tetrasporis, clavatis, haud siderophilis; basi-
diolis haud fusoideis. Cystidiis raris cheilocystidiis
simillimis. Cheilocystidiis numerosis sed haud
densis, 23-28 x 10-12 nm, basidiomorphis, con-
teniu visibili nullo, pariete tenui, levi, hyalina. Hy-
phis Mycenamm typicamm modo inffatis (cellulis
e. gr. 55 x 25 Mm), hyalinis vel fuscidulo-hyalinis,
in tramate hymenophorali regulariter dispositis,
in stipitis tramate parallelis, omnibus inamyloid-
eis, fibulatis. Epicute piiei tenuissima, intermit-
tente, hyalina vel fuscidulo-hyalina, ex hyphis re-
pentibus, in strato supemo 1 .2-3 tim. latis, in strato
inferiore ± 5 nm latis, omnibus levibus et ina-
myloideis; dermatocystidiis nuUis. Hypodermio
cutiformi, ex hyphis latis et moderatim longe cel-
lulatis fuscis effbrmato; pigmento parietes incms-
tante; pigmento intracellulari (in KOH) vix evi-
dente. Tegumento stipitis nullo viso.

Ad lignum putrescens dicotyledoneum diffrac-
tum in silva tropicali typi terrae firmae.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, 30 km N of Manaus,
13 VII 1977, Singer B 10093 (inpa).

It is easy to mistake this species for a Hydropus
of sect. Floccipedes, but the incmsting pigment and
the stmcture of the trama show that it belongs in
Mycena.

Mycena poecila Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo buxeo-ffavo, demum atro-maculato, sicco
mbido-brunnescente et striis pallidioribus varie-
gato, convexo, dein centro umbilicato, glabro, us-
que ad 3 mm lato. Lamellis sordide pallidis, acie
plemmque olivaceo-ffava, in siccis pileo subcon-
colori instmctis, arcuatis, distantibus, breviter de-
currentibus. Stipite succineo vel castaneo, sub lente
subtiliter pminato, aequali sed apice dilatato, us-
que ad 30 mm longo, 0.1-0.3 mm lato. Mycelio
basali praesente. Carne tenui.

Sporis dimorphis 8-16 x 4-5.7(_7) ^m, ellip-
soideis vel oblongis, levibus, hyalinis, amyloideis.
Hymenio: Basidiis 15-18 x 7-9.5 nm, 2-3-4-
sporis. Cystidiis paucis et cheilocystidiis simillim-
is. Cheilocystidiis 15-42 x 3.5-8 nm, utriformi-
bus apice brevi angustato, obtuso munitis, vel am-
pullaceis, interdum "collo" recurvato, in KOH
subhyalinis vel hyalinis. Hyphis Mycenarum typ-
icamm modo inffatis, haud gelatinosis, pseudoa-
myloideis, fibulatis. Hyphis nonnullis pigmenti-
feris ochreis vel atro-badiis, 7-16 nm latis. Epicute
pilei ex hyphis repentibus, levibus vel diverticu-
latis effbrmata, tenuissima et interdum intermit-
tente, diverticulis brevissimis et interdum irre-
gularibus. Tegumento stipitis e dermatocystidiis
minutis versiformibus, 8-16(-22) x 4.5-5(_8.5)
^m effbrmato, his levibus et moderatim nume-
rosis.

Ad folia dicotyledonea emortua in silvis tropi-
calibus typi terrae firmae.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, 30 km N of Manaus,
23 III 1978, Singer B 10849 (inpa).

Collection Singer B 10807 from igapo (inun-
dated forest) differs from others in lighter color
(more diluted pigment), especially when studied
on fresh material, furthermore in smaller pileus
and stipe, but it fruits at the same time at the
beginning of the rainy season and has identical
characteristics of spores and cystidia. On the other
hand, the pigment of the hyphae of the stipe is
very distinct; but these hyphae do not seem to be

SINGER: NEW TAXA OF AGARICALES

83

lactiferous; the intemal pigment being ocher-mel-
leous, the incrustations reddish-bay color, and the
septa rather numerous. No latex has been seen in
any of the collections.

Mycena poliocephala Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo griseo, haud viscoso, fortiter sulcato per
radii duas tertias, glabro, globoso, mox subcam-
panulato-convexo, 2 mm lato. Lamellis supeme
griseoUs, aciem versus albis, moderatim latis, su-
barcuatis sed primum partim subascendentibus,
subdistantibus vel subconfertis, haud interven-
osis, adnatis sed haud decurrentibus. Stipite albo,
macroscopice glabro levique, sub lente subtihter
pruinoso, aequah, bulbo destituto, 8.5 x 0.1-0.2
mm. Myceho basaU albo-crinito, crinibus myce-
hahbus erectis. Carne tenuissima, alba, immuta-
bih, inodora.

Sporis 6.2-7.5 x 3-3.7 /nm, oblongis, levibus,
hyahnis, amyloideis. Hymenio: Basidiis (13-) 13.5-
17.5 X 5-6.7 ^m, tetrasporis. Cystidiis nuUis.
Cheilocystidiis inter basidia sat numerosis sed haud
conspicuis, (10-) 14- 17 x 3.5-5.3 Mm, subulatis,
lanceolatis, cylindraceis, interdum uno vel duobus
mucronibus apicalibus instructis, tenuitunicatis,
hyalinis. Hyphis hyalinis, Mycenamm typicarum
modo inflatis, sed nonnullis filamentosis inter-
mixtis, pseudoamyloideis, fibulatis; tramate hy-
menophorali regulari. Epicute pilei ex hyphis di-
latatis, saepe furcatis, haud gelatinosis, apicaliter
et frequenter etiam lateraliterdiverticulatis, densis
effbrmata. Hypodermio gelatinoso ± 50 fim pro-
funditate, hyalino, ex hyphis filamentosis, 1 fim
latis, ascendentibus, inamyloideis effbrmato. Stra-
to subhypodermiali pigmentato, ex hyphis eis tra-
matis pilei simillimis, sed pigmentatis, haud ge-
latinosis effbrmato; pigmento fusco, dissoluto,
vacuolari. Tegumento stipitis haud gelatinoso,
dermatocystidiis moderatim numerosis vel nu-
merosis, pminam formantibus, 20-43 x 6-1 2 /fm,
ampuUaceis vel subulatis, obtusis, tenuitunicatis,
haud diverticulatis, integris.

Ad folia delapsa dicotyledonea in silva tropicali
typi terrae firmae.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, 30 km N of Manaus,
9 II 1978, Singer B 10625 (inpa).

This species differs from those of sect. Caeru-
lescentes in the absence of blue pigments. It is very
close to M. omniumsanctorum Sing. described from
Chile. It differs from the latter in the colored pileus

(white in M. omniumsanctorum) and foliicolous
habitat (lignicolous in M. omniumsanctorum).

Mycena porphyrocephala Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo atropurpureo vel, praesertim marginem
versus, laetius purpureo ("gamet," "dark cardi-
nal," "pirilla purple," centro plemmque 48 L 4
M&P), convexo, centro umbilicato vel umbonato,
5-10 mm lato, glabro, haud viscoso, vix sulcato.
Lamellis pallide lilaceis, acie concoloribus, con-
fertis vel mediocriter confertis, subascendentibus
sed dein frequenter horizontalibus vel arcuatis, ad
latera interdum (in vetustis) venosis vel sparse in-
tervenosis, satis angustis vel mediocriter latis, ad-
natis. Stipite lamellis concolori, glabro, subae-
quali, 20-22 x 0.5-1 mm. Mycelio basali
inconspicuo, radiante. Carne superficiebus sub-
concolori, tenui, inodora.

Sporis (7-)7. 5-10.5 x 4.5-6 ^m, plemmque
±10x5 fim, ellipsoideis, levibus, hyalinis, amy-
loideis. Hymenio: Basidiis 17-20.5 x 5.5-8 nm,
2-3-4-sporis; basidiolis haud fusoideis. Cystidiis
nullis. Cheilocystidiis ad aciem heteromorpham
22-24 X 10-20^^1, typiRotalismododiverticulis
numerosis 1-1.5 ^m longis obsitis, vesiculosis, in-
tus pallide lilacinis. Hyphis plemmque Mycena-
rum typicarum modo inflatis (usque ad 1 2-20 yim
inflatis), debiliter sed manifeste pseudoamyloid-
eis, fibulatis, haud gelatinosis. Epicute pilei tenui,
cutiformi, ex hyphis in KOH hyalinis vel subhy-
alinis, supeme breviter sed dense diverticulatis,
omnibus filamentosis (1.5-2 tim latis) effbrmata;
diverticulis 1-1.5 nm altis. Hypodermio cutifor-
mi, ex hyphis eis tramatis pilei similibus, sed pig-
mento pallide lilacino intracellulari impletis
(NH4OH) effbrmato.

Ad folia dicotyledonea delapsa in silva typi ter-
rae firmae gregatim.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, 30 km N of Manaus,
10 I 1978, Singer B 10500 (inpa). Additional col-
lection: same locality, 2 III 1978, Singer B 10755
(inpa).

Mycena strobilinoides Peck differs in colors and
habitat.

Mycena semipilosa Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo albo, sulculato, glabro, haud viscido, cam-
panulato vel convexo, 0.3-2 mm lato. Lamellis

84

FIELDIANA: BOTANY

albis, mediocriter latis, distantibus, ascendenti-
bus, adnexis. Stipite albo, in parte inferiore piloso
et gradatim minus piloso apicem versus, filamen-
toso, 15-20 X 0.05-0.2 mm. Mycelio basali dense
hyphoso, applanato-radiante, subdisciformi sed
admodum angusto nec sulcato. Carne in pileo sub-
nulla, inodora.

Sporis 5-7.5 x 2.5-4.2 Mni,ellipsoideis,levibus,
hyalinis, amyloideis. Hymenio: Basidiis 9-13.5 x
(4.5-)5.5-7 /xm, tetrasporis. Cystidiis nullis. Cheil-
ocystidiis prope marginem pilei sparsis, derma-
tocystidiis pilei simillimis. Hyphis usque ad 20
^m latis, pseudoamyloideis, fibulatis, hyalinis,
Mycenarum typicarum structurae similibus, Tra-
mate hymenophorali regulari. Stratis gelatinosis
nullis. Epicute pilei ex hyphis prostratis, ad latus
supemum diverticulatis et dermatocystidiis typi
Rotalis modo diverticulatis, plerumque erectis et
perpaucis pilis hyphosis levibus eis stipitis simil-
limis efformata; dermatocystidiis ventricoso-cla-
vatis vel subvesiculosis, diverticulis usque ad
4.5(-7.5) X 1 )um;cellulisliberisnullis. Tegumento
stipitis hypho-piloso, pilis usque ad 60 x 0.5-1.5
nm, obtusis, filamentosis, tenuitunicatis, levibus,
hyalinis, pilis prope apicem stipitis nonnihil bre-
vioribus.

Ad folia dicotyledonea delapsa in silva tropicali
typi terrae firmae gregatim.

eis. Hyphis latis, hyalinis, tenuitunicatis, haud ge-
latinosis, fortiter pseudoamyloideis, fibulatis, eis
stipitis parallelis. Epicute pilei e cellulis globosis,
plerumque levibus vel sublevibus accumulatis for-
mata et nonnullis sphaerocystibus diverticulatis,
hyalinis, pariete inamyloideis tenui vel firma (us-
que ad 0.5 nm crassa) instructis, 23-28 x 17-23
nm, supra illas liberis praesentibus. Tegumento
stipitis e pilis 50-130 x 6-10 nm efformato, his
subulatis, levibus vel minute (usque ad 0.5 nm
altitudine) diverticulatis, apice acutis vel subacutis
vel obtusis, tenuitunicatis, hyalinis, inamyloideis.
Ad folia dicotyledonea delapsa in silva tropicali
typi terrae firmae.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, 30 km N of Manaus,
14 VI 1977, Singer B 9942 (inpa).

This species is similar to M. polyadelpha (Lasch)
Kiihner, tropical form, but can be distinguished
easily because of the granular surface of the pileus
formed by sphaerocysts. These sphaerocysts often
remind one of cherocytes and are homologous with
them, but neither star-shaped nor thick-walled.

Hydropus californicus Sing., spec. nov.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, 30 km N of Manaus,
23 III 1978, Singer B 1082 la (inpa).

This species belongs in stirps Polyadelpha. It is
similar to M. microtrichialis Sing., but has more
ascendant lamellae and colorless stipe.

Mycena subtenerrima Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo albo, sub lente albo-granoso, convexo, ob-
tuso vel umbone exiguo munito, 2-3.5 mm lato.
Lamellis albis, subdistantibus, haud ascendenti-
bus, sat latis, adnexis. Stipite albo, pubescente vel
breviter piloso, aequali vel vix dilatato ad basin,
disco destituto, basi albo-piloso, 8-22 x 0.1-0.2
mm. Carne tenuissima, inodora.

Sporis 7-9.3 x 2.7-4.8 ^im, ellipsoideis vel ob-
longis, levibus, hyalinis, debiliter amyloideis. Hy-
menio: Basidiis (2-)4-sporis. Cystidiis nullis.
Cheilocystidiis paucis, inconspicuis, 10-19 x 4.5-
7.5 nm, aut clavatis et nonnullis appendiculis
brevibus (usque ad 2 mhi longis) apicalibus omatis
aut anguste utriformibus vel ampuUaceis et tunc
integris et levibus, omnibus hyalinis, inamyloid-

Piieo griseo-brunneo, sicco griseo, neque innate
fibrilloso nec sulcato, haud viscido, convexo, cen-
tro moderatim depresso, 6-7 mm lato. Lamellis
pallidis, distantibus, haud intervenosis, mediocri-
ter latis, decurrentibus. Stipite pallido, sicco len-
iter grisascente, subtiliter hyalino-pubescente sub
lente, centrali, nonnihil longiore diametro pilei,
±0.5 mm lato. Mycelio basali sparso, pallido.
Carne albida.

Sporis 7-10 X 4-5.5 nm (e basidiis tetrasporis
probabiliter 7-8.3 x 4-5 Mtn, e bisporis 8.5-10 x
4-5.5 ^im), ellipsoideis, paucis ellipsoideo-oblon-
gis, levibus, hyalinis, inamyloideis. Hymenio: Bas-
idiis tetrasporis et bisporis praesentibus, illis 22.5
X 6 MiTi, his 22-24 x 5.5 /im. Cystidiis nullis vel
p>erraris. Cheilocystidiis ad aciem numerosis, 21-
33 X 4.5-5.5 nm, versiformibus, plerumque an-
guste utriformibus vel subcylindraceis, nonnullis
appendice digitiformi apicali munitis, tenuituni-
catis, hyalinis, contentu nullo visibili, raro furca-
tis. Hyphis filamentosis latisque (2-27 ^m latis),
structuram Mycenarum typicarum haud in men-
tem revocantibus, hyalinis in tramate pilei et in
tramate hymenophorali regulari, omnibus haud
gelatinosis, in stipite parallelis et tenuiter vel firme

SINGER: NEW TAXA OF AGARICALES

85

tunicatis, inamyloideis vel hic vix vel lenissime
pseudoamyloideis, filamentosis vel usque ad 10
nm latis, multis hyphis fibulatis sed aliis defibu-
latis. Epicute pilei e dermatocystidiis sparsis vel
hinc inde aggregatis efformata, haud hymeniformi;
dermatocystidiis cheilocystidiis simillimis, sed
magis versiformibus, 18-50 x 4.8-6.5 nm. Hy-
podermio cutiformi sed partim ex hyphis ascen-
dentibus effonnato, cellulis frequenter brevibus et
perlatis, Mycenas typicas in mentem revocanti-
bus, inamyloideis, in strato superiore 2-5 nm latis,
in strato inferiore profundiore usque ad 27 ^m
latis, partim hyphas catenulatas, ± intertextas ef-
formantibus, in KOH fuscidulis; pigmento vacu-
olari. Tegumento stipitis e dermatocystidiis nu-
merosis efformato, his 15-41 x 3.5-5.7 fxm,
cheilocystidiis aut dermatocystidiis pilei simillim-
is.
Ad ligna in silva mixta, subgregario.

Typus— USA, Califomia, Marin County, Au-
dubon Canyon Ranch, 19 XI 1981, C Calhoun
81-2590 (F).

This species belongs in sect. Mycenoides and is
related to H. microcephalus Sing., from which it
differs in narrower cheilo- and dermatocystidia and
less narrow lamellae. Mycena umbrina A. H. Smith
differs in strongly amyloid spores. Clitocybe con-
caviformis Murr. (Fla. Acad. Sc. Proc. 7: 107.
"1944", 1945) from Florida seems rather similar
both macro- and microscopically, although the
dermatocystidia are often broader and the cheil-
ocystidia longer. However, the type (FLAS) is im-
mature and the spores are dubious. It is probably
rather an immature form of H. griseoniger Sing.
in sched. ined. (see Flora Neotropica 32: 78. 1 982).

(2) 21-38 X 6-9.2 /um, capitatis vel subcapitatis,
sub capitulo anguste cylindraceis vel ventricosis
et supra ventrem constrictis, nonnullis leniter et
tenuissime hyalino-incrustatis; omnibus integris,
levibus, hyalinis, tenuitunicatis. Cystidiis ad latera
lamellarum numerosis, ad aciem sparsis, 2 1-40 x
6-8.8 nm, fusoideo-mucronatis, raro ampullaceis
(apice brevi, angusto), pariete basin versus sub-
incrassata vel omnino firma instructis, nonnullis
incrustatione subhyalina resinacea tenuiter in-
crustatis, paucis contentu optice (in KOH) haud
manifesto gaudentibus, plerumque contentu visi-
bili destitutis. Hyphis fibulatis, inamyloideis, hy-
alinis; tramate hymenophorali regulari, hyphis
stipitis subparallelis, inamyloideis, omnibus hy-
phis 2-19 nm latis (plerumque 7-13.5 fim diam.).
Epicute pilei e dermatocystidiis dispersis sed nu-
merosis efformata, his 19-26 x 5.5-7.5 Mm.forma
sua cheilocystidia typi primi in mentem revocan-
tibus, rarius anguste ventricosis, plerumque utri-
formibus vel capitatis, hyalinis. Hypodermio in
strato superiore e cute hypharum levium effor-
mato, in strato inferiore ab hyphis tramatis pilei
vix distinguendo, pigmento haud viso (KOH).
Tegumento stipitis e dermatocystidiis numerosis
20-38 X 6-9.2 ^m hyalinis, eis pilei simillimis sed
saepe majoribus efformato.

Ad lignum dicotyledoneum mortuum in silva
tropicali pluviali typi terrae firmae solitario.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, 30 km N of Manaus,
("EMBRAPA"), 13 VII 1977, SingerB 10089 (mPA).

This differs from the species of sect. Mycenoides
as far as they are similar and comparable in the
absence of pigment and in the dimorphic cheilo-
cystidia. The type is preserved under the herbar-
ium name "Hemimycena cystidiosa" ined.

Hydropus cystidiosus Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo albo, centro gilvo-albido, subhygrophano,
haud viscoso, macroscopice glabro sed sub lente
haud dense subtiliter pubescente, convexo, dein
concavo, obtuso, ± 1 1 mm lato. Lamellis albis,
confertis vel confertissimis, angustis, stipitem ver-
sus attenuatis et vix decurrentibus. Stipite albo,
sub lente pubescente, apicem versus gradatim at-
tenuato, 11 x 1.5 mm. Mycelio basali sparso, albo.
Carne alba, inodora.

Sporis (7.5-)9-9.5 x (3.5-)4-^.3 ^m, fusoideis
vel oblongis, levibus, hyalinis, inamyloideis. Hy-
menio: Basidiis 15-26 x 6-7 nm. Cheilocystidiis
dimorphis, (1) 20-30 x 6-6.5 nm, ampullaceis.

Hydropus fuscogriseus Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo fusco-fibrilloso radiatim supra stratum ba-
sale pallide griseum, papilla noduliformi sepiacea
vel atrofusca omato, nec viscido neque hygro-
phano, convexo, mox circum papillam manifes-
tam applanato, ± 16 mm lato. Lamellis sordide
cremeo-griseis vel griseis, mediocriter latis. dis-
tantibus, intervenosis, decurrentibus. Stipite un-
iformiter griseolo-pallido, lenissime fibrillosulo sed
haud pubescente, aequali, curvato, haud insititio,
24 X 1 mm. Carne sat tenui, inodora.

Sporis 6.5-7.7 x 4.3-4.7 ^m, ellipsoideis, lev-
ibus, hyalinis, inamyloideis, guttula olei ellipso-

86

HELDIANA: BOTANY

idea praeditis. Hymenio: Basidiis 31.5 x 6.5 nm,
tetrasporis. Cystidiis nullis. Cheilocystidiis sat
numerosis, 30-40 x 5-8 nm, cylindraceis vel ven-
tricosis, frequenter leniter constrictis, apice rotun-
datis, hyalinis, contentu haud visibili ullo, tenui-
tunicatis. Hyphis hyaUnis, inamyloideis, hbulatis.
Epicute pilei tenuiter cutiformi, ex hyphis 1.5-2.5
/zm diam. efformata, hyalina; hyphis sparse vel
raro diverticulis angustis, interdum sat longis
praeditis, sed dermatocystidiis nullis, structura
Ramealium nulla. Hypodermio ex hyphis latior-
ibus, nonnullis breviter cellulatis inflatisque, fus-
co-griseis effbrmato, cutiformi; pigmento disso-
luto, vacuolari.

Ad lignum subustum in silva tropicali typi cam-
pinaranae sub arboribus dicotyledoneis solitario.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, near road Manaus-
Caracarai, km 110, 4 IV 1978, Singer B 10925

(INPA).

This species is related to H. hygrophilus Sing.

Hydropus indicus Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo centro griseolo et margine albo in liquido,
cinerascente in siccis, glabro, subapplanato. La-
mellis albis, moderatim confertis, subhorizontal-
ibus, mediocriter latis, sinuato-adnatis cum lineis
ad apicem stipitis decurrentibus. Stipite albo, gla-
bro vel subglabro, subfilamentoso, sat longo, my-
celio basali albido. Carne albida.

Sporis 5.5-6.5 x 4.5-5.3 Mni,globosisvelsubgl-
obosis, levibus, inamyloideis. Hymenio: Basidiis
21-22.5 X 5.3 nm, (2-)4-sporis. Cystidiis 15-38
X 9-30 ^m, ventricosis vel globosis et longe ped-
icellatis, late rotundatis ad apicem, pariete hyali-
na, tenui-instructis, intus hyalinis, ad aciem et
latera lamellarum praesentibus. Hyphis versifor-
mibus, inamyloideis, haud gelatinosis, fibulatis, 3-
26 nm latis. Epicute pilei cutiformi, ex hyphis ten-
uissimis, 1-2 ^m latis, levibus, effbrmala. Hypod-
ermio ex hyphis latis et angustis effbrmato, cuti-
formi, Tegumento stipitis ex pilis cystidiformibus
effbrmato, his plerumque ad basin bulbose inflatis
et 5-7.2 nm latis, supeme longe filiformibus et
filamentosis (1-3 ^m latis), apice obtusis vel su-
bacutis vel acutis, rarius claviculariter inflatis (us-
que ad 3 nm diam.), 33-90 nm longis, aliis (rar-
ioribus) cystidiis similibus, e. gr. 12 x 5 nm et
ventricosis, omnibus hyalinis et tenuitunicatis.

Ad lignum.

Typus— India, Punjab, prope Patiala, Saini 19

(F).

This species belongs in subsect. Floccipedes and
comes close to H.floccipes (Fr.) Sing. and H. gom-
ezii Sing., but is characterized by the mostly strik-
ingly effilate dermatocyslidia.

Hydropus martensii Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo brunneo aut fusco, sicco fusco-subfuligi-
neo, glabro, leniter sulculato, subconfragosulo,
convexo, anguste umbilicato, in siccis 4—4.5 mm
lato. Lamellis subpallidis, mediocriter latis, sub-
confertis, decurrentibus. Stipite fuscidulo-pallido,
macroscopice glabro, sub lente pruinosulo, in sic-
cis 8-10 X 0.3 mm. Mycelio basali albo, in ligno
nocte alboviridi-lucens.

Sporis 5.8-7. 5(-8. 3) x (3.3-)4.5-5.2 nm, ellip-
soideis, leniter compressis, levibus, hyalinis, amy-
loideis. Hymenio: Basidiis 17-21.5 x 6.8 nm, te-
trasporis. Cystidiis 24-41 x 8 nm, ventricoso-
subfusoideis vel ventricoso-mucronatis, hyalinis,
tenuitunicatis. Hyphis tramatis hymenophoralis
regularis filamentosis atque frequenter inflatis (us-
que ad 16 (im), hyalinis, inamyloideis vel partim
vix pseudoamyloideis, fibulatis, in stipite paral-
lelis. Epicute pilei e dermatocystidiis erectis et as-
cendentibus effbrmata, his 22-38 x 8.5-21.8 Mm,
ventricosis, obtusis, tenuitunicatis, hyalinis vel e
pigmento vacuolari coriicolori-fuscis, haud hy-
meniformiter dispositis. Hypodermio cutiformi,
dermatocystidiis pigmentatis, concolori. Tegu-
mento stipitis e dermatocystidiis (aut pilis) ver-
siformibus (vesiculosis, ventricosis, filiformibus)
densis, interdum subhyalino tenuiter incrustatis.

Ad lignum emortuum frondosum in silvis altis
umbrosis, gregatim.

Typus— China, Yunnan, in monte Yiinschan,
prope Wukang 1 1 50 m alt., Handel-Mazzetti, Iter
Sinense no 11.207 (wu).

This species had been identified by Keissler as
""Omphalia martensii Henn. (vel affinis)" but was
not compared with the type of that species. It is
indeed similar to the description of O. martensii
from West Bomeo, but the latter has triangular
lamellae and is certainly different from all species
of sect. Hydropus. Hydropus brunnescens (Murr.)
Sing. and H. omphaliformis Sing. appear to be
related to our South Chinese species.

SINGER: NEW TAXA OF AGARICALES

87

Dennisiomyces fuscoalbus Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo fusco ("santos" M&P), centro atrobrun-
neo ("cattail" M&P), leniter pellucide striatulo ad
marginem, glabro vel subglabro, haud viscido, levi,
ad marginem extremum plerumque albido, con-
vexo, umbonato, demum circum umbonem ap-
planato vel subdepresso, 28-45 mm lato. Lamellis
albis, confertis vel subconfertis, latis, angustissime
adnexis vel sinuato-subliberis. Stipite albo, glabro
vel ad apicem aut/et basin leniter fibrillosulo, in-
terdum innate fibroso, levi, cavo, aequali, 41-44
X 2.5-5 mm. Carne alba, immutabili, odore nuUo,
sapore miti.

Sporis 5.7-7 x 3.7-5 nm, ellipsoideis, levibus,
amyloideis. Hymenio: Basidiis 22-25 x 6-1.5 fim,
tetrasporis, clavatis; basidiolis haud fusoideis.
Cystidiis ad aciem et latera lamellarum numerosis,
(27-)45-65 X (9.5-)10-18 nm, fusoideo-ventri-
cosis, rarius ventricosis vel ventricoso-subampul-
laceis, tenuitunicatis, hyalinis, plerumque subo-
pacis, emergentibus, e tramate hymenophorali
natis. Hyphis hyalinis, haud gelatinosis, subinter-
textis, filamentosis, ± 3-5 fim latis sed multis in-
flatis usque ad 20 nm diam., fibulatis, inamyloid-
eis. Tramate hymenophorali regulari, ex hyphis 2-
10 nm latis, parallelis, cylindraceis vel filamen-
tosis, hyalinis, haud gelatinosis efformato. Epicute
pilei trichodermiali, ex hyphis, quarum cellula ter-
minalis dermatocystidium repraesentat, efforma-
ta;dermatocystidiisnumerosissimis 21-26 x 6.5-
8 nm, versiformibus (saepe ampullaceis vel cla-
vatis), tenuitunicatis; hyphis ascendentibus, hinc
inde subintertextis. Hypodermio cutiformi, strato
superiore tenui excepto, ubi hyphae multiseptatae
sunt et in epicutem trichodermialem transeunt,
omnibus 7-1 1 .2 ^m latis, sepiaceo-spadiceis e pig-
mento intraparietali et incrustante.

Omnibus partibus carpophori cum solutione
phenolica (2%) immutabilibus (reactione negati-
va).

Ad terram in silvis secundariis gregatim.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, Manaus, 29 VI 1977,
Singer B 9896 (inpa).

Because of the more than 6 Mm large spores, the
color of the pileus (which is not gray), the hollow
stipe, the nondifferentiated cheilocystidia, and the
tetrasporous basidia, this Amazonian species re-
minds one ofD.fulvidiscus (Murr.) Sing. Both these
species differ from Hydropus umbonatus (Peck)
Sing. in broader spores (over 3.5 nm broad), in-

crusted (in H. fulvidiscus weakly) hyphae of the
cuticle, and the absence of a pseudorrhiza.

Dennisiomyces rionegrensis Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo fusco ("chukker Br" M&P), centro sepi-
aceo ("autumn" M&P), per 1 0 mm a margine pel-
lucide striato vel sulculato, glabro, umbonato, cet-
erum convexo, dein applanato, 50-51 mm lato.
Lamellis albis, confertis, latis, profunde sinuatis.
Stipite albo, glabro, anguste cavo, subaequali vel
lenissime attenuato apicem versus, ad basin fre-
quenter curvato, haud radicante, 63 x 3-6 mm.
Carne alba, inodora.

Sporis 5-5.8 x 3.8-4.7 /xm,ellipsoideis,levibus,
hyalinis, amyloideis. Hymenio: Basidiis 26.5 x
6.8-8 fim, tetrasporis; basidiolis haud fusoideis.
Cystidiis metuloideis, numerosis ad aciem et la-
tera lamellarum, 73-100 x 11-16 /im, utrifor-
mibus, constrictione supra medium 10.5-12 nm
diam., apice rotundatis, apice excepto crassituni-
catis, pariete hyalina, inamyloidea, levi, 1-1.7 ^m
crassa. Cheilocystidiis haud differentiatis. Hyphis
hyalinis, tenuitunicatis, fibulatis, inamyloideis,
haud gelatinosis. Epicute pilei ex hyphis repenti-
bus et ascendentibus, filamentosis, 2.3-4 nm latis,
pigmento intraparietali et subtiliter incrustante,
fuligineo gaudentibus efformata; dermatocystidiis
iacentibus vel erectis, brevibus vel elongatis, fi-
lamentosis vel subventricosis, obtusis, pigmento
intraparietali fuscis, e. gr. 1 1-30 x 3-4 fim. Hy-
podermio cutiformi, ex hyphis frequenter ellip-
soideis, usque ad 20 /xm latis, pigmento intrapar-
ietali instructis efformato.

Ad folia putrescentia in silva tropicali solitario.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, prope viam Man-
aus-Caracarai, km 45, in territorio EEST, 1 1 VI
1977, SingerB 10071 (inpa).

The small spores, the thick-walled utriform cys-
tidia and the rather small dermatocystidia are
characteristic. In fresh condition an almost linear
concentric zone is mostly present just inside the
striate zone of the margin of the pileus.

Dermoloma aposcenum Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo cinereo (inter 5 A 8 et 5 A 9 M&P), centro
siccando subsepiaceo, levi, glabro, haud viscoso,
convexo, obtuso, 15-16 mm lato. Lamellis albidis.

88

FIELDIANA: BOTANY

siccando pallide alutaceis, subdistantibus, regu-
lariter intermixtis lamellulis attenuatis, percurren-
tibus adnexis vel adnatis, vix sinuatis. Stipite di-
lute cinereo, in siccis obscuriore, haud viscoso,
glabro, basin versus attenuato, 23 x 3 mm (ad
basin ± 2 mm lato). Carne albida vel sordide alba,
inodora.

Sporis 5.8-7 x 4-4.5 nm, eliipsoideis, levibus,
hyalinis, tenuitunicatis in ammonia, inamyloideis.
Hymenio: Basidiis 21-25 x 6-7 ^m, tetrasporis.
Cystidiis et cheilocystidiis nullis. Hyphis inamy-
loideis, hyalinis vel fuscidulo-hyalinis, fibulatis,
haud gelatinosis, inamyloideis; tramate hymeno-
phorali regulari, hyphis filamentosis vel modera-
tim dilatatis (e. gr. x 6 ixm). Epicute pilei hymen-
iformi, ex elementis vesiculosis, 14-18 nm diam.,
ex integro vel in parte inferiore sepiaceo-fuligi-
nosis ex pigmento intraparietali efformata.

Ad humum in silva tropicali pluviali solitario.

Typus— Mexico, Veracruz, Estacion Biologica
Los Tuxtlas, 28 VII 1969, Singer M 8708 (f).

Dermoloina pataguae Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo atrofusco, ad marginem albo, levi, velu-
tino, subapplanato, 12 mm lato. Lamellis albido-
griseolis, ventricosis, subconfertis, ad latera cos-
latis et plerumque leniter anastomosantibus, sin-
uatis, anguste adnexis. Stipite griseolo-albo, seri-
ceo-fibrilluloso fibrillis albis, 40 mm longo. Carne
albida; odore et sapore haud notabilibus.

Sporis 6-9 x 3-4.8 yLm, cylindraceis vel ellip-
soideis, levibus, hyalinis, amyloideis. Hymenio:
Basidiis 26-28 x 6-7 ^m, plerumque tetrasporis
sed nonnullis I-2-3-sporis. Cystidiis nullis. Cheil-
ocystidiis paucis et inconspicuis, filiformibus, hy-
alinis, e. gr. 19 x 3 ^m. Hyphis inamyloideis,
fibulatis. Hymenophori tramate regulari, hyalino,
ex hyphis 3-5 ^im latis, densis, intertextis eflTor-
mato. Epicute pilei hymeniformi, ex elementis 1 9-
46 X 6.8-21 nm, levibus, pigmento intraparietali
atrosepiaceo instructis efformata.

Ad terram inter folia dejecta Myrceugeniae
planipedis Berg. ("patagua") solitario.

Typus— Chile, Colchagua, Pumanque, 7 VIII
1967, Lazo PU-130 (SGO).

This species has been indicated as possibly a
variant of D. josserandii Dennis & Orton (Nova
Hedwigia Beih. 29: 145. 1969), which however

differs considerably in broader spores, strong taste
and adnate lamellae.

Xeromphalina tropicalis Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo ferrugineo-brunneo vel aureo-brunneo
("Alamo" vel "Hispano" M&P), glabro haud vis-
cido, pellucide striato et sulcato per medium ra-
dium, convexo, centro depresso, umbilicato, 3.5-
4.5 mm lato. Lamellis dilute flavis, mediocriter
distantibus vel subdistantibus, horizontalibus, la-
tis, decurrentibus. Stipite castaneo, subtiliter
pruinato, aequali, interdum apice dilatato, curvato
plerumque excentrico vel subexcentrico, 3-5 x
0.2-0.3 mm. Mycelio basali fibroso, radiante, fla-
vo, siccando fulvescente, abundante. Carne flav-
ido-pallida, tenui, inodora, sapore miti.

Sporis 4-5.3 x 2.2-3.7 Mm,ellipsoideis,levibus,
hyalinis, fortiter amyloideis. Hymenio: Basidiis 1 4-
16 X 4-4.5 iim, tetrasporis. Cystidiis ad aciem et
latera lamellarum 22-24 x 4-5.5 nm, fusoideis,
rarius cylindraceis, frequenter mucronatis, raro
clavatis, hyalinis, tenuitunicatis, haud incrustatis,
inamyloideis. Hyphis inamyloideis, fibulatis. Ep-
icute pilei e dermatocystidiis sparsis efformata, his
cystidiis simillimis, e. gr. 17 x 4.5 iim, sed fre-
quentius anguste clavatis, hinc inde hyphis ascen-
dentibus hypodermii intermixtis. Hypodermio cu-
tiformi, haud gelatinoso, ex hyphis tenuiter vel
crassiuscule tunicatis, subtiliter ferrugineo-incrus-
tatis efformato. Tegumento stipitis e dermatocys-
tidiis eis pilei simillimis efformato.

Ad trunci corticem putrescentem in silva tro-
picali gregatim sed haud fasciculatim.

Tvpus— Brazil, near road Manaus-Itacoatiara,
km 21, 18 XI 1978, leg. Izonete Araujo Aguiar and
Maria A. de Souza, Singer B 11427 (inpa).

Other eccentric sj)ecies of Xeromphalina are X.
helbergeri Sing. and X. curtipes Hongo. The latter
species has trimorphic, densely crowded cystidia
and close, later subclose lamellae, while X. hel-
bergeri has smaller and narrower spores (to 2.7 ^m
broad) and cystidia and larger carpophores than
X. tropicalis.

Xeromphalina yungensis Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo flavo ("Ta Ming" vel "Spanish Y" M&P),
centro ferrugineo-brunneo ("Alamo" M&P), stria-

SINGER: NEW TAXA OF AGARICALES

89

to, glabro, haud vel vix hygrophano, late conico
vel convexo, dein magis repando, umbonato vel
obtuso, haud umbiHcato, 6-10 mm lato. Lamellis
quam pileus dilutius flavis ob aciem albidam, con-
fertis vel subconfertis vel mediocriter confertis,
haud intervenosis nec anastomosantibus, adnatis,
rarius subdecurrentibus, in vegetis interdum se-
cedentibus. Stipite ferrugineo-brunneo ("Ala-
mo"), pruina subfurfuracea fulvo-brunnescente,
sed ad apicem stipitis albida obtecto, aequali, haud
bulboso, 14-28 x 0.7-1 mm. Mycelio basah as-
cendente, brunneo-fulvo. Carne superficiebus pal-
lidiore, immutabili, tenui, inodora, sapore in siccis
miti.

Sporis 3.8-4.5 x 1.8-2 /um, ellipsoideis vel cy-
lindraceis vel oblongis, levibus, hyalinis, amyloid-
eis. Hymenio: Basidiis 12-16 x 3-4 /im, tetras-
poris. Cystidiis ad aciem lamellarum numerosis,
ad latera admodum sparsis, 12-25 x 3-6 nm, fu-
soideis, aut integris aut apicaliter uni- vel pluri-
appendiculatis, appendiculis interdum bifurcatis,
raro appendiculis lateralibus uno vel duobus or-
natis, hyalinis, firme vel crassiuscule tunicatis.
Hyphis inter hypodermium et zonam suprala-
mellarem NaOH ope badio-rubescentibus, ten-
uiter vel crasse tunicatis, fibulatis, inamyloideis.
Epicute pilei e dermatocystidiis raris vel sparsis,
19 X 5.5 Mni,cylindraceis, pedicellatis, brunneolis
vel ferrugineis effbrmata. Hypodermio tramate pi-
lei pallidiore (KOH), cutiformi. Tegumento stip-
itis e pilis cystidiformibus efFormato, his admod-
um versiformibus, aut integris et levibus apice
rotundatis aut apice bi- vel tri-furcatis et frequen-
ter ramulis lateralibus omatis, pariete subcras-
siuscula, flavida vel brunnea instructis, 15^0 x
5-10 nm effbrmato.

Ad lignum Angiospermarum in silva tropicali-
montana gregatim.

Typus— Bolivia, La Paz, Nor-Yungas, Carmen
Pampa, 1 II 1956, Singer B 795 (f).

This species differs from X. caulicinalis (With.
ex Fr.) Kuhn. & Maire in smaller spores, smaller
cystidia, and habitat.

Baeospora mundula Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo albo (interdum partim chromeo-flavo),
haud viscido, levi, convexo, umbonato, 9-10 mm
lato. Lamellis albis, angustis, confertissimis, ad-
nexis vel vix decurrentibus. Stipite albo, admod-
um subtiliter pruinoso, macroscopice glabro, ae-

quali, stricto, verticali, interdum excentrico, 19-
20 X 1-1.2 mm. Velo nullo. Mycelio basali sub-
membranaceo, albo vel alutaceo-albo. Carne alba,
immutabili, inodora, sapore miti.

Sporis 3.3-4.7 x 2.3-3.5 fim, ellipsoideis vel
subglobosis, ad apicem rotundatis, raro acutis,
tenuitunicatis, levibus, hyalinis, amyloideis, acy-
anophilis. Hymenio: Basidiis 15.5-21.3 x 4.7-5.3
^m, tetrasporis. Cystidiis nullis vel prope aciem
cheilocystidiis simillimis. Cheilocystidiis nume-
rosis, 15.3-23 x 4.7-8 mhi, ventricosisvelclavatis
vel ampullaceis vel utriformibus, raro vesiculosis,
simplicibus, raro prope basin bifurcatis, tenuiter
vel firme tunicatis, hyalinis, haud incrustatis. Hy-
phis inter septa longis, hyalinis, usque ad 13.5 nm
latis, in stipite parallelis, inamyloideis, fibulatis,
haud gelatinosis. Epicute pilei e dermatocystidiis
effbrmata, his cheilocystidiis simillimis. Hypod-
ermio cutiformi, hyalino, hyphis supemis fila-
mentosis et excrescentia exigua in epicutem (inter
dermatocystidia) emittentibus, Tegumento stipitis
e dermatocystidiis numerosis effbrmato, his aut
cylindraceis aut cheilocystidiis simillimis, cylin-
draceis ad basin dilatatis, supeme 5-6 nm latis, i
interdum apicaliter unciformiter appendiculatis,
hyalinis, tenuitunicatis, 33-37 x 10.5-11 nm.

Ad lignum dicotyledoneum putrefactum in silva
tropicali typi igapo (inundabili), solitario.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, Igarape do Taru-
mazinho, 14 V 1980, Singer B 12168 (inpa).

Baeospora pallida Sing. is related.

Fayodia metuloidigera Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo brunneo vel atrobmnneo, subtiliter pec-
tinato vel radiatim innate fibrilloso, sed glaberri-
mo, convexo, rarius obtuso, plemmque papillato,
10-13 mm lato. Lameliis albis, latis, moderatim
confertis vel subdistantibus, ad aciem albam sub
lente pubescente-fimbriatis, sinuatis. Stipite albi-
do, frequenter partim bmnnescente, sub lente pu-
bescente, levi, subaequali vel leniter apicem versus
attenuato, 30-31 x 1-1.5 mm. Carne alba, ino-
dora.

Sporis 6.5-7.5 x 5-6.5 ^im, subglobosis, epis-
porio aculeis subtilibus perforato et sub perisporio
extemo levi aculeolato (typi XI sub photomicros-
copio), hyalinis, inamyloideis. Hymenio: Basidiis
tetrasporis. Cystidiis ad latera lamellamm 70-105
X 7-18 Mm, metuloideis, fusoideis vel ampulla-
ceis, crasse tunicatis sed ad apicem et basin ten-

90

FIELDIANA: BOTANY

uitunicatis, apice interdum bilobatis, subacutis vel
obtusis, hyalinis vel pallide stramineis, (pariete
1.5-5 fim crassa), inamyloideis, sed linea rosella
ad superficiem intemam parietis in solutione Mel-
zeri discemibili. Cheilocystidiis differentiatis, for-
ma et magnitudine pleurocystidiis simiHbus, sed
tenuitunicatis vel firme tunicatis ex toto, frequen-
ter semel vel bis constrictis, apice interdum clav-
iculatis. Hyphis fibulatis, inamyloideis; tramate
hymenophorali regulari; stratis gelatinosis nulHs.
Epicute pilei cutiformi; dermatocystidiis nulhs.
Tegumento stipitis e dermatocystidiis cystidiis hy-
meniahbus similhmis efformato.

Ad truncum alneum (Alnus jorullensis H. B. &
K.) vivum in silva montana (Alnetum), soHtario.

Typus— Argentina, Jujuy, Lagunas de Yala, 9 II
1965, SingerT 3910 (F).

This species differs from all species of Fayodia
subg. Heterosporula in thick-walled cystidia, ex-
cept perhaps F. xerophila Luthi & Rollin (cf. BuII.
Soc. Myc. Fr. 88, plate after p. 172, figures c.f
1972); but, having studied the type myself, I am
incHned to think that the thickness of the wall in
these figures has been exaggerated.

phorali bilaterali, neque in strato laterali nec in
mediostrato gelatinoso. Epicute pilei e palisada
dermatocystidiorum erectorum efformala, his
gloeocystidialibus, (30-)40-67 x 6.5-9 ^.m, cla-
vatis vel cylindraceis, rarius fusoideis, tenuituni-
catis, hyalinis (KOH), contentu in solutione Mel-
zeri leniter guttato, in solutione azurei cresylici
incrustatis et intus corpusculis vermiformibus vel
amorphis caerulescentibus instructis, apice integro
rotundatoque vel duobus vel quatuor appendicuHs
digitiformibus vel slerigmatoideis praeditis; epi-
cute tramatibusque numquam gelatinosis. Tegu-
mento stipitis e dermatopseudocystidiis eis pilei
simillimis efformato sed his basin versus raris vel
nullis. Ad folia delapsa in silva tropicali typi
igapo (inundabili), solitario.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, Igarape do Taru-
mazinho, 19 III 1980, Singer B 12039 (inpa).

This species belongs in sect. Cyptotrama and is
remarkable because of the absence of pigments in
the carpophore.

Cyptotrama pauperum Sing., spec. nov.

Cyptotrama niveum Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo niveo-albo, haud viscido, minute pminato
vel subtomentoso, levi, margine incurvo, con-
vexo, obtuso, 5 mm lato. Lamellis albis, moder-
atim confertis, subcrassiusculis, arcuatis, subde-
currentibus vel decurrentibus. Stipite albo, in
vegetis subsericeo, in siccis sub lente ad apicem
pminoso, basin versus leniter tomentoso, sicco,
aequali, 16 x 1.3 mm. Carne alba, immutabili,
inodora.

Sporis 10.5-16.8 x 6.7-9.3 nm, elHpsoideis,
tenuitunicatis, hyalinis, levibus, inamyloideis.
Hymenio: Basidiis 25-31 x 8-13 Mm, tetrasporis.
Cystidiis veris nullis. Pseudocystidiis gloeocysti-
dialibus 35-47 x 8-12 ^m, numerosissimis, cla-
vato-ventricosis vel utriformibus, in solutione
Melzeri subopacis, tenuitunicatis, inamyloideis,
azurei cresylici ope contentu vermiformi vel gran-
ulari caemlescente sed pariete tenui haud roseola,
in KOH contentu guttato vel paullum visibili re-
pletis. Cheilocystidiis differentiatis haud visis. Hy-
phis hyalinis, fibulatis, inamyloideis, oleiferis (vel
gloeo-vasculis?) intus azurei cresylici op)e caem-
leo-granulosis (sed multis haud manifeste granu-
losis), longissimis intermixtis. Tramate hymeno-

Pileo primum mbro (2 L 8 M&P), dein roseo
("begonia," margine 2 J 8 M&P), nec viscido ne-
que hygrophano, glabro vel leniter appresse vel
innate fibrilloso radiatim, convexo, dein convexo
vel repando-subapplanato, umbilicato, 8-37 mm
lato. Lamellis albis, mediocriter latis, rarius sub-
latis, confertis, adnatis. Stipite roseo ("spring-
lime," dein "coral pink" M&P), apice pallido vel
albo, glabro sed ad apicem extremum sericeo, haud
viscido, tubuloso, aequali vel leniter attenuato ap-
icem versus, 16-38 x 1-2.5 mm. Mycelio basali
sericeo, albo. Carne albida vel pallida vel alba,
tenui, fragili, inodora.

Sporis 9.5-12 x 4.7-5.3 nm, fusoideis vel ob-
longis, depressione suprahilari praeditis, pariete
sat firma, haud crassa, homogenea, levi instmctis,
hyalinis, inamyloideis, gutta globosa centrali olea-
ginosa munitis. Hymenio: Basidiis 37-40 x 8-8.5
^m, tetrasporis; basidioHs haud fusoideis, septo
basali simplici. Cystidiis nullis. Cheilocystidiis nu-
merosis sed inconspicuis, 17-26 x 4.5-8.5 nm,
clavatis, rarius utriformibus, subbasidiomorphis,
tenuitunicatis, hyalinis. Hyphis hyalinis, tenui-
tunicalis, defibulatis. Tramate hymenophorali bi-
laterali, haud gelatinoso, hyalino, ex hyphis fila-
mentosis (2-3 nm latis) et inflatis (9-10 nm latis)
efformato, demum subregulari, strato laterali lax-

SINGER: NEW TAXA OF AGARICALES

91

iore mediostrato. Epicute pilei intermittente, ru-
dimentario, hymeniformi, fugaci, ex elementis
dermatocystidiformibus efformata, his cheilocys-
tidiis similHmis. Hypodermio cutiformi, ex hyphis
filamentosis vel inflatis (3-9 nm latis), pigmento
rubro incrustatis (NH4OH, KOH) effbrmato et,
ubi epicutis interrupta, hyphas 4-10 fim latas as-
cendentes emittente, simihter pigmentatas et in-
terdum hymenio superficiali immixtas.

Ad truncum lapsum arboris dicotydedoneae in
silva typi terrae firmae, gregatim.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, near road Manaus-
Itacoatiara km 65, 6 X 1977, leg. Maas, Singer B
10180 (F).

This species is related to C. hygrocyboides Sing.,
from which it differs in the absence of pleurocys-
tidia.

AMANITACEAE Roze
Limacella grisea Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo griseo (sicco "racquet" M&P, centro ob-
scuriore), viscido, glabro, levi, convexo, obtuso,
40-60 mm lato. Lamellis albis, confertissimis, lib-
eris, haud lacrimantibus. Stipite albo, floccoso,
sicco aequali, basi saepius incrassato nec bulboso,
45-75 X 7-10 mm. Annulo albo, apicali, in parte
affixa superiore leniter sulculato-striato. Carne alba;
odore vix notabili.

Sporis 4.5-6 x 4.5-5 yim, globosis vel subglo-
bosis, subhyalinis, levibus, tenuiter vel firme tun-
icatis, inamyloideis. Hymenio: Basidiis 20-30 x
5.5-7.5(-8.5) Mm, tetrasporis. Cystidiis nullis.
Cheilocystidiis nullis. Hyphis inamyloideis, ple-
rumque fibulatis, septis secundariis numerosis.
Epicute pilei 15-25 nm alta, ixocutiformi, ex hy-
phis filamentosis tenuitunicatis, in KOH hyalinis,
0.5-2 ^m latis effbrmata. Hypodermio ex hyphis
latioribus, pigmento admodum diluto intracellu-
lari instructis, haud incrustatis effbrmato (KOH).
Ex hyphis hypodermialibus nonnullis dermato-
cystidiis natis sed in speciminibus juvenilibus tan-
tum visibilibus, his 18-35 x 8.5-9.5 nm, ventri-
cosis, hyalinis, tenuitunicatis, pedicellatis, per
epicutem perfringentibus, sparsis vel raris, fuga-
cibus. Superficie stipitis partim haud gelatinosa,
partim minime subgelatinosis hyphis 2.5 nm latis
obtecta.

Ad humum et terram in Pinetis arenosis litor-
alibus gregatim.

Typus— Spain, Catalonia, Prat de Llobregat, 23
X \919,SingerC9595{¥).

PLUTEACEAE Roze

Volvariella arenaria (Pat.) Sing., comb. nov.

BASiONYM—Plutens arenarius Pat., Rev. Mycol.
13: 136. I89I.

Volvariella macrospora Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo grisello-pallido, hygrophano, haud visci-
do, appresse sericello, mox concavo, 10 mm lato.
Lamellis roseolis, confertis, liberis. Stipite albo,
glabro, filamentoso-aequali, 2 1 x 0.7 mm. Annulo
nullo. Volva cupuliformi, grisea. Carne alba, in-
odora.

Sporis 13-14.5 x 8.5-9.5(-I O/im, ellipsoideis,
levibus, roseo-stramineis. Hymenio: Basidiis te-
trasporis. Cystidiis e. gr. 40 x 1 6 tim, saccatis vel
ventricosis, tenuitunicatis, hyalinis. Hyphis haud
gelatinosis, hyalinis, fibulatis. Tramate hymeno-
phorali inverso. Epicute pilei cutiformi, ex hyphis
latis, septis distantibus et haud gelatinosis effbr-
mata.

Ad terram argillosam ad marginem viae soli-
tario.

Tvpus— Brazil, Amazonas, 30 km N of Manaus,
1 1 V 1977, Singer B 9863 (f).

The combination of voluminous spores and
small carpophores makes this new species unique
among the Volvariellas described until now.

Volvariella psammophila Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo griseo in disco, ceterum argenteo-grisello
et mox subtiliter rimuloso (camem albam expo-
nente), sulcato, radiatim sericello, centro subgla-
bro, convexo, obtuso, 8-45 mm lato. Lamellis ro-
seocameis, latis, subconfertis vel confertis, liberis.
Stipite albo, glabro, aequali, solido, 17-41 x 2-4

92

nELDIANA: BOTANY

mm. Annulo nuUo. Volva cupuliformi, lobata vel
sublobata, grisea, intus alba. Carne alba, inodora.

Sporis 6.2-7.3 x 4.5-5.5 /xm, ellipsoideis,
depressione suprahilari destitutis, roseolo-stra-
mineis, levibus. Hymenio: Basidiis 18-19 x 8-9
jum, tetrasporis et bisporis. Cystidiis 26-50 x 16.5-
17.3 ^im, subvesiculosis vel ventricosis, hyalinis,
tenuitunicatis, frequenter corpusculo intemo in-
structis, numerosis. Hyphis fibulatis, nonnullis
subsphaeroideis. Epicute pilei cutiformi ex hyphis
repentibus, levibus efformata.

Ad terram arenosam inter quisquilias vegetales
locis semiumbrosis, subxerophyticis vel mesophy-
ticis, gregatim.

Typus— Argentina, Buenos Aires, Parque Ezei-
za, 1966 leg. Havrizco, Singer S 703 (bafc).

Volvariella taylori (Berk.) Sing. is related.

Volvariella subxerophytica Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo griseolo-ochraceo, haud sulcato, fibris
("thrush" M&P) subradialibus, subrimoso-appli-
catis obtecto, centro rugoso, 1 4 mm lato. Lamellis
sordide roseolis-rutilis, sat latis, subconfertis, lib-
eris. Stipite pallido, filamentoso, glabro, aequali,
15 X 1-1.5 mm. Volva brunnea dein pallidiore,
membranacea, cupuliformi, saepe lobata, vix to-
mentosa. Carne inodora.

Sporis 6.8-8.5 x 4.5-5.5 nm, ellipsoideis, lev-
ibus, roseolo-stramineis. Hymenio: Basidiis 18-27
X 7.5-9.5 tim, ventricosis vel clavatis, tetrasporis.
Hyphis defibulatis, hyalinis, filamentosis et inflatis
visis. Tramate hymenophorali inverso, hyalino.
Epicute pilei hyphosa, cutiformi, in KOH sub-
hyalina.

Ad terram interdum ligno putridissimo et arenis
mixtam, locis apricis in vegetatione subxerophy-
tica typi "Monte" solitario vel gregatim.

Volvariella rondoniensis Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo pallide murino, ad marginem dense
± pectinaceo vel subrimuloso, glabro, haud vis-
coso, obtuse conico, 35 mm lato. Lamellis roseo-
lis, confertis, liberis. Stipite albo, glabro, aequali,
68 X 3.5 mm. Volvasordidealbidula, tenuimem-
branacea, sericea, applicata. Carne alba, immu-
labili, molli, inodora.

Sporis 9-1 1 X 6.3-7 /xm, sordide roseis, pariete
±0.5 mm crassa, levi, fragili instructis, ellipso-
ideis. Hymenio: Basidiis 28-30 x 10.5-11 ^im,
tetrasporis, septo basali defibulatis. Cystidiis 35-
85 X 18-30 nm, saccatis vel subvesiculosis, hy-
alinis, tenuitunicatis, collabentibus, sat numeros-
is. Cheilocystidiis bene differentiatis, 35-58 x
15.5-18 nm, ventricoso-saccatis, plerumque ap-
pendiculo apicali longo, raro brevi, 15-32 x 2.5-
5.5 iim, interdum sub apice inflato vel ad apicem
capitato omatis, cetemm pleurocystidiis simili-
bus. Hyphis hyalinis, defibulatis, haud gelatinosis.
Epicute pilei cutiformi, hyphosa.

Ad lignum putridum arboris dicotyledoneae in
silva typi terrae firmae submontanae solitario.

Typus— Brazil, Rondonia, Ouro Preto, 17 IV
1978, Singer B 10969 (inpa).

The shape of the pileus, the medium-sized
spores, the rostrate cheilocystidia, and simple sep-
ta are characteristic for this Amazonian species.

Typus— Argentina, Tucuman, Pie de Periquillo,
900 m alt., 30 XII 1951, Singer T 1687 (lil, "K
taylorr). Additional collection: Argentina, Cata-
marca, Santa Maria, near Rio Santa Maria, 27 I
1962, Singer T 3752-3769 (lil).

This species is related to V. taylori (Berk.) Sing.
and V. psammophila Sing.

Pluteus amazonicus Sing. ex Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo fusco-griseo, margine pallide sordideque
griseo, siccando gradatim obscuriore, fuligineo vel
sepiaceo (e. gr. "bracken" M&P), margine fusco
("clove" M&P), saepe albido prope marginem,
granulis densis, marginem versus gradatim sparsis
obsito, per medium radium sulcato, convexo, pap-
illato, 2.5-3 mm lato. Lamellis pallide roseolis,
acie pallide roseolis et subfimbriatis, dein sordide
roseis, latis vel latissimis, ventricosis, confertis vel
subconfertis, liberis. Stipite albo vel pallido, albo-
sericeo et sub lente pubescente, aequali vel ad ba-
sin incrassato, 7 x 0.2 mm. Carne tenuissima,
alba, inodora.

Sporis 6-7.7 x 4.8-7 /xm, breviter ellipsoideis
(e. gr. 7 X 5.5 /xm) vel frequentius subglobosis,
levibus, roseolo-stramineis. Hymenio: Basidiis 1 8-
30 X 7_9(_10) nm, plerumque ventricosis, tetras-
poris. Cystidiis 20-50 x 12-16.5 nm late ventri-
cosis vel subampullaceo-utriformibus vel subam-
puUaceo-fusoideis, obtusis, hyalinis, tenuitimicatis.

SINGER: NEW TAXA OF AGARICALES

93

Cheilocystidiis similibus, sed late ventricosis vel
subvesiculosis tantum, 20-50 x 7.5-20 nm. Hy-
phis hyalinis, defibulatis. Epicute pilei fragmen-
tato-hymeniformi, hymenio ex elementis pro ra-
tione paucis vesiculosis 20-24 x 1 2-2 1 ^m atque
dermatocystidiis numerosis 27-50 x 8-21 nm ef-
formatis, ambobus forma cheilocystidiis simili-
bus, sed pigmento dissoluto vacuolari fuscidulo
impletis. Dermatocystidiis stipitis hyahnis vel
subhyahnis.

Ad stipulas hgneas ramulosque dicotyledoneos
delapsos in silvis tropicahbus typi terrae firmae
sohtario.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, 30 km N of Manaus,
10 X 1977, Singer B 10187 (inpa). Additional
coUection: Bolivia, Beni, Vaca Diez, Guayara-
merln, 5 III 1956, Singer B 1587 (lil). See de-
scription in Lloydia 21: 260. 1958 (invalid).

apicem versus 1 .2-2.3 fim crassa, basin versus gra-
datim attenuata, his cystidiis 60-100 x 13-30.5
nm. Cheilocystidiis dimorphis, (1) brevibus, 15-
30 X 10-20 ^m, ventricoso-subvesiculosis, ten-
uitunicatis, hyalinis, apice late rotundatis, (2) elon-
gatis, 30 X 54 X 7-21.5 fim, ceterum similibus.
Hyphis defibulatis. Tramate hymenophorali in-
verso. Epicute pilei cutiformi, ex hyphis 9-13.5
Mm latis, repentibus, haud gelatinosis; pigmento
brunneolo, dissoluto, vacuolari.
Ad truncos emortuos Lithocarpi gregatim.

Typus— USA, Califomia, Muir Woods (Marin
Co.), 14 I 1983, Singer N 5105 (f).

Var. exilis pileo umbrino-brunneo, ad lignum
Lithocarpi in Califomia occurrit.

Var. austriacus Sing., var. nov. A var. exili dif-
fert pilei colore griseo-fusco, habitatione ad Quer-
cum et area (europaea).

Pluteus exilis Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo typice umbrino, umbrino-brunneo, (sed
interdum griseo-bmnneo variante), haud viscoso,
innate radiatim fibrilloso sed glabro, nudo, estria-
to, haud sulcato, interdum leniter concentrice cos-
tulato, convexo, dein vel demum applanato, ple-
mmque subumbonato, rarius obtusissimo, haud
prominenter umbonato, 35-50 mm lato. Lamellis
roseis, acie roseis, rarius lenissime fuscidulis ad
aciem, latis (modertatim latis vel latissimis), con-
fertis, liberis. Stipite pallido, umbrino- vel griseo-
bmnneo-fibrilloso vel fibrilloso-reticulato ut min-
ime in parte inferiore stipitis, solido, aequali vel
gradatim e basi apicem versus attenuato sed haud
bulboso, 44-60 x 3.5-5 mm ad apicem, ad basin
saepe usque ad 9 mm incrassato. Carne alba, im-
mutabili; sapore miti; odore nullo notabili vel len-
iter terreo-farinoso.

Sporis (6-)7-8(-8.3) x 4.5-5.5(-6.5) ^m, ver-
siformibus, plemmque ellipsoideis vel ovoideis vel
cylindraceis, levibus, roseolo-stramineis. Hymen-
io: Basidiis 20-32 x 7-9.5 nm, tetrasporis. Cys-
tidiis metuloideis dimorphis, (1) ad et prope acies
lamellamm, typi Magni vel inter typum Magni et
Cervini intermediis, ventricoso-fusoideis, acutis
vel bis sterigmatoidee ad apicem appendiculatis,
aequaliter firme vel crassiuscule tunicatis, 50-85
X 15-30 fim; (2) ad aciem et latera lamellamm,
typi Cervini, ventricosis vel ampullaceis, apice ob-
tuso sed 2-3— 4-appendicuIatis, appendiculis cor-
niformibus, strictis vel rarius recurvatis, acutis vel
obtusis, brevibus vel elongatis, pariete e medio

Typus— Austria, Burgenland, Siegendorf, 19 IX
1979, Singer C 9457 (wu). Additional collections:
Steinbachgraben, Wiener Wald, 7 IX 1907, Hoh-
nel {fh); Rekawinkel, 28 IX 1902, Hohnel {fh).

This species difFers from P. atricapillus (Batsch
ex Secr.) Sing. in dimorphic cheilocystidia and the
absence of superficial dark fibrils on the pileus as
well as in the thin stipe which hardly ever reaches
10 mm in diameter. It is closely related to P. xy-
lophilus (Speg.) Sing. from South America. The
latter has smaller spores, the carpophore being
more variable in size, and grows on wood but
never on Fagales.

Pluteus glutinosus Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo dilute bmnneo, sicco obscurius fusco, pel-
lucide striato vel substriato ad marginem, sed vix
innate fibrilloso, glutinoso, convexo, demum con-
vavo, obtuso, haud umbilicato, 20-25 mm lato.
Lamellis albis, dein (in siccis) griseolo-roseis, latis
vel moderatim latis, confertis vel subconfertis, lib-
eris. Stipite albo, siccando fuscescente, glabro, gra-
cili, aequali, in siccis 25-40 x 1-2 mm. Carne
alba.

Sporis 6-7.5 x 4-5.5 nm, plemmque 6-7 x 4-
4.8 fim, breviter cylindraceis vel ellipsoideis vel
ovatis, rarius breviter ellipsoideis, angustioribus
saepe ad latus interius depressis, pallide roseolo-
stramineis, levibus. Hymenio: Basidiis 19-29 x
5-7 fim, tetrasporis. Cystidiis metuloideis, om-

94

nELDIANA: BOTANY

nibus typi Cervini modo ampullaceis, 40-75 x
13-25 nm, apice obtusis sed appendiculis apical-
ibus 1-4, plerumque omatis (his brevibus, ± ster-
igmatoideis, 0.5-3 nm longis), pariete ad ipsum
apicem crassa (0.5-3 nm), ceterum tenui instructis,
hyalinis, numerosis ad latera et acies lamellarum.
Cheilocystidiis e parte gelatinosa tramatis natis,
26-34 X 9-1 1 fim, subvesiculosis vel late clavatis,
pedicellatis, aut 30-42 x 7-8.5 mhi, projicientibus,
elongato-clavatis vel anguste ventricosis, omnibus
hyalinis, tenuitunicatis. Hyphis hbulatis; hyphis
oleiferis 5-13.5 nm latis. Tramate hymenophorali
inverso, partim gelatinoso. Epicute pilei ixocuti-
formi, ex hyphis l-2(-4) fxm latis, hyalinis vel sub-
hyalinis efformata. Hypodermio cutiformi, haud
gelatinoso, ex hyphis 5-10(-13.5) nm latis, fuscis
efformato; pigmento frequenter colloidaliter con-
densato, vacuolari. Hyphis strati extemi stipitis
eis epicutis pilei similibus sed minus gelatinosis.
Ad truncum delapsum emortuum.

Typus— Panama, Panama, near the El Llano-
Carti road, 500-800 ft alt., 29 VI 1975, Dumont

P 1512 (NY).

Pluteus hongoi Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo griseo, sicco fusco ("teakwood" M&P),
glabro, levi, nitido, ± viscido, subnitido in siccis,
convexo, obtuso, 29 mm lato. Lamellis roseolis,
confertis, latis, liberis. Stipite albo, demum ad ba-
sin leniter griseolo-sordido, Fibrillis atris innatis
vel superficialibus destituto, levi, solido, aequali,
33 X 3.5 mm. Carne alba, immutabili, inodora.

Sporis 6.5-8.3 x (4.5-)5-6Mm, plerumque6.5-
7.7 X 5-5.3 ^m, roseolis vel pallide roseolis, el-
lipsoideis, paucis lateraliter subreniformibus,
multis applanatione vel depressione suprahilari
instmctis, levibus. Hymenio: Basidiis 23.5-29 x
6.5-7.5 ^m, tetrasporis, fibula basali destitutis.
Cystidiis metuloideis typi Cervini modo ampul-
laceis, ad aciem et latera lamellamm sat nume-
rosis, 50-75 x 12-16 ^m, in parte ventricosa par-
iete ± 1 ^m crassa, ad apicem 1.5-2 nm crassa
instmctis, hyalinis, appendiculis spinosis vel ob-
tusis 2-9 fim longis acutis vel obtusis, omnibus
apicalibus omatis. Cheilocystidiis 43-93(-l 10) x
5-12 iim, omnibus elongatis, filamentosis vel cy-
lindraceis vel anguste ventricosis, apice generatim
angustatis sed obtusis, interdum constrictis, ad ap-
icem et in constrictione 2-5 nm diam. tenuituni-
catis, numerosis. Hyphis defibulatis. Tramate hy-
menophorali inverso, hyalino. Epicute pilei

ixocutiformi, ex hyphis leniter ascendentibus hy-
alinis, 2-6.5 nm latis, tenuitunicatis efformata.
Hypodermio cutiformi, ex hyphis latioribus, ple-
mmque fuscis, haud gelatinosis efformato; pig-
mento vacuolari, paucis in cellulis colloidaliter
condensato, plemmque dissoluto.

Ad lignum emortuum dicotyledoneum in silva
temperata, thermophila Castanopside dominata.

Typus— Japan, Kyoto, Mt. Daimonji-yama, 14
IX 1984, leg. Singer. Hongo et al., Singer A 4070
(F).

Among the clampless species, this is character-
ized by gelatinous epicutis, metuloids of the Cer-
vinus-type, and consistently elongated cheilocys-
tidia.

Pluteus hylaeicola Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo sepiaceo-fuligineo ("bracken," "moose,"
"Cordovan" M&P), centro subnigro. et velutino
et hispido, cetemm glabro vel subglabro, ut min-
ime sub lente innate fibrilloso-flammeo et niti-
diusculo in siccis adultis, interdum minutissime
rimuloso, vix vel lenissime subhygrophano, haud
rugoso, levi vel breviter sulcato, convexo vel late
conico-obtuso, dein magis repando, plemmque
subumbonato, 36-38 mm lato. Lamellis albis, dein
roseolis, acie constanter vel in siccis tantum man-
ifeste pileo concoloribus, moderatim latis vel sub-
latis, confertis, liberis. Stipite argenteo-griseo vel
dilute griseo vel ita appresse vel innate fibrilloso
et albo-variegato, nec pminoso nec flocculoso, ae-
quali, ad basin plerumque incrassato sed haud bul-
boso, 38-69 X 3.3-4 mm, ad basin 5-7 mm lato.
Mycelio basali albo. Carne alba, immutabili, in-
odora.

Sporis 6-8 x 5.3-6.8 tim, levibus. Hymenio:
Basidiis 18-31 x 7.5-8.8 nm, ventricosis, tetras-
poris. Cystidiis metuloideis typi Cervini tantum
ventricosis vel ampullaceis, 52-76 x 1 1-33 ^m,
apicaliter (0-)l-5-appendicuIis sterigmatoideis,
raro breviter digitaliformibus, obliquis vel erectis,
interdum bifidis, 1.5-8 x 1.5-5 tim, omatis et
pariete ad et prope apicem crassa (2.5-3 ^ni) atque
medium et basin versus gradatim attenuata et ad
basin tenui instmctis, omnibus hyalinis. Cheilo-
cystidiis dimorphis, (1) fortiter elongatis, 41.5-64
X 9.5-18 ^m, subfusoideis; (2) brevius ventricoso-
clavatis, 23-74 x 1 1-36 fim, plemmque 23-30 x
11-15 nm, illis (1) fuscidulis vel subhyalinis, his
fuscidulis, raro subhyalinis, demum saepe sepi-

SINGER: NEW TAXA OF AGARICALES

95

aceis, pigmento vacuolari. Hyphis fibulatis, inter-
dum omnibus septis fibulatis, in aliis carpophoris
nonnullis septis simplicibus notatis. Tramate hy-
menophorah inversa, demum celluHs prope sub-
hymenium subsphaerocystiformiter inflatis, nullo
modo gelatinosis. Epicute pilei in parte marginali
pilei cutifiarmi, haud gelatinoso, ex celluHs apph-
catis 90-150 x 6.5-12 fim, apice obutis, tenui-
tunicatis effbrmata, in centro pilei his cellulis er-
ectis, omnibus brunneolis, fijscidulis vel sepiaceis,
pigmento vacuolari, dissoluto.

Ad lignum dicotyledoneum emortuum delap-
sum in silva typi terrae firmae (vel varzeae?).

Typus— Brazil, Para, Belem, 5 VI 1966, Singer
B 4201 (bafc). Additional collection: Brazil, Ama-
zonas, 30 km N of Manaus, 12 VII 1978, Singer
B 12373 (INPA).

cellulatis, dilutissime pigmentatis, 4.5-23 iim latis
effbrmato.

Ad humum in silva piceina {Picea abies Degen.)
solitario.

Typus— Czechoslovakia, Slovakia, Cadca, Ra-
kova, 27 VII 1974, leg. /. Kuthan & Singer, Singer
C 5696 (F).

This species is related to P. depauperatus Rom-
agnesi, but is odorless and has different habitat.
Pluteus granulatus Bres. which often occurs on
conifer trunks differs in granular epicutis with dif-
ferent structure. Pluteus atriavellaneus Murr.,
which rather frequently shows colors very similar
to P. kuthanii, differs in less variable cystidia, hab-
itat, and distribution.

This species is related to P. spegazzinianus Sing.
and P. martinicensis Sing. & Fiard in Pegler. It
differs from the former in smaller size of the car-
pophores and more elongated cheilocystidia; from
the latter in slender carpophores and absence of
dermatocystidia forming flocculi on the stipe.

Pluteus kuthanii Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo colore Plutei atricapilli pigmentato, haud
viscido, glabro, levi, nudo, per tres quartas partes
radii pellucide striato, ± 50 mm lato. Lamellis
roseolis acie roseolis, sat latis, confertis, liberis.
Stipite albo, ad basin sordescente, ex integro gla-
bro nec innate fibrilloso, sed longitudinaliter len-
iter aquose vibecino, elongato, aequali sed in parte
inferiore gradatim basin versus incrassato, 1 1 5 x
5 mm, ad basin 11-12 mm diam. Carne alba,
inodora, sapore miti.

Sporis 6-7(-7.2) x 4.5_5.7(-6) /im, ovatis vel
breviter ellipsoideis, rarius subglobosis, levibus.
Hymenio:Basidiis21-29 x 7.5-9 Mm, ventricosis.
Cystidiis 45-75 x 12.5-23.5 ^im, tenuitunicatis,
ampuUaceis, coUo aequali, raro leniter capiculato
vel apicem rotundatum versus attenuato instruc-
tis, paucis appendiculis minusculis uno vel qua-
tuor apicalibus omatis, hyalinis. Cheilocystidiis
21-54 X 8-19 iim, versiformibus, plerumque fu-
soideo-ventricosis vel subclavatis, frequenter ten-
uissime mucronatis, hyalinis. Hyphis tramatis pi-
lei usque ad 40 ^im latis, defibulatis. Tramate
hymenophorali inverso, hyalino. Epicute pilei ex
hyphis horizontalibus vel vix subascendentibus,
parallelis, fusiformibus vel subclavatis, longissime

Pluteus major Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo 67-80 mm lato, stipite albo, leniter albo-
flocculoso-ruguloso in vegetis, vix manifeste as-
pero in siccis, ± 66 x 8-8.5, ad basin usque ad
12 mm lato. Carne alba, immutabili, leniter ra-
phanodora, miti. Macroscopice P. lilacino (Mont.)
Sing. similis sed major.

Microscopice P. exili Sing. simillimus est nec
nota uUa distinguendus.

Ad truncum delapsum frondosum (quercin-
um?), ± gregatim.

Typus— USA, Illinois, Forest Preserve E of
Wheeling, 23 VI 1985, Singer N 5195 (f). Addi-
tional collection: Elk Grove Village, 19 IX 1983,
Singer N 5128 (f).

This is a large fungus with ± umbonate pileus,
the umbo covered by erect fibrils, but it has white
stipe. Similar forms with strongly scabrous stipe,
but the fibrils dark colored as in Leccinum sca-
brum (Bull. ex Fr.) S.F. Gray, occur in Europe and
seem to be "intermediate" between P. major Sing.
and P. exilis Sing. They are inserted under a her-
barium name (f: C 9473, C 5126, ''Pluteus scaber
ad int.") and cannot be formally described, since
their status is not fully clear to me. They might
represent a European subspecies of P. major.

Pluteus melanopotamicus Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo fusco-griseo, centro atrogriseo, in siccis
fuligineo ("biskra" vel 8 E 1 in centro, ceterum

96

HELDIANA: BOTANY

"African" M«&.P), sicco, radiatim fibrilloso, fibril-
lis ad marginem innatis, in centro superficialibus,
in umbone erecto-hispidis, atris supra fundamen-
tum pallidius, densissimis omato, convexo, um-
bonato, dein circum umbonem haud altum de-
presso, haud vel vix sulcato, haud rugoso, 42-52
mm lato. Lamellis sordide roseolis, sat latis, con-
fertis, acie palHdis, liberis. Stipite albo, interdum
ad basin griseolo, haud atro-fibrilloso, aequaH, gla-
bro, nudo, sicco, levi, 44-65 x 3—4 mm. Carne
alba, immutabih, inodora.

Sporis dimorphis, (1) 6-7.5 x 5.5-6.5 fim, (2),
8-9.5 X 7.5-8.5 fim, 0.2-1 fim longioribus lati-
tudine, globosis vel breviter eUipsoideis, plerum-
que subglobosis, levibus. Hymenio: Basidiis 19-
20 X 8.5-9 (im, tetrasporis, ventricosis. Cystidiis
sat numerosis, haud metuloideis sed pariete 0.3-
0.6 fim crassa instructis, 30-7 1 x (9-) 1 3-20.5 nm,
ventricosis, rarius subampullaceis, aut late rotun-
datis aut apice 1-4, plerumque 2-3 appendiculis
subglobosis vel breviter digitaliformibus omatis,
hyalinis, haud manifeste incrustatis. Cheilocysti-
diis 30-59(-71) x 7-15(-20) fim, clavatis, raro
ventricosis vel ampuUaceis, haud appendiculatis,
tenuitunicatis, hyalinis. Hyphis defibulatis, sed fi-
bulis plerumque incompletis rarissime observatis.
Tramate hymenophorali inverso, hyalino. Epicute
pilei in margine pilei cutiformi, ex hyphis termin-
alibus applicatis, pigmento vacuolari aut dissoluto
aut partim colloidaliter condensato impletis effor-
mata, discum versus pilis dermatocystidioideis ag-
gregatis, fuscis, ascendentibus vel erectis, basin
versus ventricosis et 1 0-1 1 /xm latis, apicem versus
plemmque cylindraceis vel attenuatis et 2-6 nm
latis, obtusis, numerosis, 60-90 ixm longis; pig-
mento vacuolari. In stipitis superficie dermato-
cystidiis haud visis.

Ad lignum emortuum dicotyledoneum delap-
sum in silva tropicali typi igapo, gregatim.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, Igarape do Tam-
mazinho, 13 III 1983, SingerB 12426 (f).

culato, lenissime venoso-mguloso in centro, sed
saepe sublevi in vegetis, campanulato vel ovoideo,
dein campanulato-convexo, subumbonato vel
umbonato ut minime in adultis, (18-)23-45 mm
lato, 16-18 mm alto. Lamellis primum albis acie
albis, dein grisellis et grisello-roseis, ut minime in
siccis, subconfertis vel confertis, liberis. Stipite
albido vel albido-sordido, sed haud atro-fibrilloso
neque in vegetis neque in siccis, glabro, aequali,
ad ipsam basin subincrassato, 41-46(-55) x 2.5
mm, ad ipsam basin 3^ um diam. Carne alba,
immutabili.

Sporis (5.5-)6-6.5(-7) x 5(-5.5) (xm, breviter
ellipsoideis vel subglobosis, rosellis, levibus. Hy-
menio: Basidiis 20.5-22.5 x 7-8.5 nm, clavatis,
dein ventricosis, tetrasporis, nonnullis sclerificatis
pariete usque ad 0.5 fim crassa munitis. Cystidiis
ad aciem et latera lamellamm sat numerosis, 1 5-
50 X 10-24 nm, clavato-ventricosis vel ventri-
cosis, tenuitunicatis, integris, ad aciem lamellar-
um semper fere, ad latera frequenter fuscidulis e
pigmento dissoluto, vacuolari. Hyphis defibulatis.
Tramate hymenophorali inverso. Epicute hymen-
iformi vel subhymeniformi (post pluvias in zona
marginali pilei subconfusa), ex elementis ventri-
coso-clavatis, breviusculis e. gr. 25 x 13 fim et
dermatocystidiis interspersis efformata. Derma-
tocystidiis 40-59 x 18-31 Mm, ventricosis, ad ap-
icem late rotundatis; pigmento in cellulis epicutis
pilei vacuolari, dissoluto vel colloidaliter conden-
sato, fusco vel fuscidulo.

Ad lignum emortuum dicotyledoneum in silva
tropicali typi varzeae (inundabili), gregatim, rarius
solitario.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, Ilha Marchantaria,
9 III 1983; leg. Singer, Araujo, Walker & Adis;
Singer B 12397 (f). Another specimen [Parana do
Janauaca, 23 V 1980, Singer B 12182 (f)] is prob-
ably conspecific. It also comes from varzea vege-
tation but had cystidia and cheilocystidia all hya-
line, without pigmentation.

The characters of this species are, in a way, in-
termediate between sect. Pluteus and sect. Hispi-
doderma. Since P. albostipitatus (Dennis) Sing. is
obviously closely related, I insert P. melanopo-
tamicus in sect. Hispidoderma.

Pluteus varzeicola Sing., spec. nov.

Pluteus dennisii Sing. ex Sing., spec. nov.

Pluteus varzeicola Sing. differt stipite minute
atropunctato e dermatocystidiis, acie lamellamm
in maturis alba, cheilocystidiis hyalinis, habita-
tione in silva haud inundabili.

Pileo fusco, marginem versus fusco-griseo, atro-
griseo vel atrofusco in juvenilibus, mox longe sul-

Typus— Trinidad: Non Pareil, Sangre Grande,
11 X 1949, Dennis 152 (k).

SINGER: NEW TAXA OF AGARICALES

97

This species is close to P. varzeicola Sing. but
differs from it as well as from P. psychriophorus
(Berk. & Br.) Sacc. and related species. Piuteus
minutus Pat. (type from Vietnam: Hanoi, seen, fh)
is also related to P. varzeicola and P. dennisii, and
has been recollected by me in South America: Bra-
zil: Bahia, Itabuna, on discarded cacao pods, 7 VI
1973, Singer B 11119 (inpa). Here, the stipe is not
dark punctate as in P. dennisii and the spores are
more spherical (4-6 x 3.8-6 ^im, mostly 5.2-5.6
X 5-5.4 nm) than in P. varzeicoia. In my earlier
papers I combined all these Plutei with P. psy-
chriophorus as varieties, but they are apparently
separated by fairly constant character combina-
tions, by their ecological requirements, and by ge-
ography. The type (k) of P. psychriophorus has
been redescribed by me (Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc.
39: 208, fig. 56, 1956).

AGARICACEAE Roze

Leucoagaricus tricolor Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo purpureo margine pallidiore, hic purpu-
rello-fibrilloso radiatim supra fundamentum pal-
lidum sed haud sulcato nec pectinato nec rimoso,
sed partim subsquamuloso, convexo, obtuso, 6 mm
lato. Lamellis pallide griseis, siccis brunneo-gris-
eis, confertis, mediocriter latis, liberis. Stipite albo,
ex integro pruinoso, aequali vel basi leniter in-
crassato, 14 x 0.6 mm. Annulo fragmentario, fu-
gaci, albo, pruinoso-pubescente. Carne alba vel
albida, tenui.

Sporis (7.5-)8.2-9 x 4.5-5.2 ^m, ellipsoideis,
pariete duplici et poro manifesto germinativo sed
imperfecto instructis, hyalinis, pseudoamyloideis,
levibus. Hymenio: Basidiis 24-27 x 7.5-9.5 nm,
tetrasporis. Cystidiis nullis. Cheilocystidiis ex hy-
phis acieis lamellarum cylindraceis vel filamen-
tosis, stramineo-ochreis natis, 23-38 x 5.5-10 /im,
clavatis, tenuitunicatis, stramineo-ochreis. Hy-
phis defibulatis, inamyloideis. Tramate hymeno-
phorali regulari, hyalino. Epicute pilei ex fasciculis
hypharum parallelarum applicatarum, interdum
furcatarum, 2-8 ^m latarum effbrmata quae in
nonnullis locis partim ascendunt, stramineo-
ochrea; pigmento intraparietali et incrustante nul-
lo. Ad terram argillosam inter quisquilias in silva
tropicali typi terrae firmae, solitario.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, 30 km N of Manaus,
3 IV 1978, Singer B 10868 (inpa).

The habit of this species reminds one of some
Micropsalliotas, but otherwise this is a typical rep-
resentative of Leucoagaricus, sect. Rubrotincti.

Leucocoprinus bakeri (Dennis) Sing., comb. nov.

Basionym— Lep/o/a bakeri Dennis, Kew BuU.
483. 1952. Cf Singer, Brenesia 19/20: 42. 1982.

Hiatulopsis aureoflava Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo aureo ("Florida gold" M&P), marginem
versus flavo ("primuline Y" M&P), subtiliter den-
seque flocculoso, flocculis detergibilibus, per me-
dium radium pectinato, obovato vel campanulato,
7 mm lato, 1 1 mm lato. Lamellis albidis, angustis,
ascendentibus, confertis, subliberis vel liberis.
Stipite flavido ("amber Y" M&P), supra basin au- ,
reo ("Florida gold") et tomentoso-balteato, sub-
tiliter flocculoso-pulverulento supra zonam to-
mentosam, apicem versus attenuato, 36 x 1.8 mm,
ad basin 4 mm diam. Annulo volvaque nullis.
Mycelio basali albido. Sclerotiis nullis. Carne alba,
inodora.

Sporis (in typo paucis) 7-10 x 5.5-6.5 nm, el-
lipsoideis, pariete initio homogenea dein typi XI
modo omamentata (photomicroscopice), hyalina
instructis, poro germinativo destitutis, inamyloid-
eis, depressione suprahilari destitutis. Hymenio:
Basidiis 22-34 x 1 1-13 mhi, tetrasporis. Cystidiis
nullis visis. Hyphis debibulatis, hyalinis in KOH,
tenuiter tunicatis, inamyloideis. Tramate hymen-
ophorali regulari, hyphis intertextis. Epicute pilei
ex hyphis admodum irregularibus, latis, intertextis
effbrmata; pigmento intercellulari.

Ad radicellas et folia delapsa in silva tropicali
typi campinarana solitario.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, near road Manaus-
Caracarai, km 45, 28 II 1978, Singer B 10733
(inpa).

Cystolepiota albogilva Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo dilute gilvo-flocculoso supra fundamen-
tum pallidum et ad marginem albo, flocculis pri-
mum subvenose dispositis, convexo, dein subap-
planato et centro leniter depresso, usque ad 1 0 mm
lato. Lamellis albidis vel pallide cremeis, satis an-
gustis vel latis, confertis, liberis. Stipite albo vel
pileo concolori, macroscopice glabro et nudo, sub

98

FIELDIANA: BOTANY

lente subtiliter pruinato, glabrescente, aequali, 1 5-
19 X 1-2 mm. Annulo nullo. Mycelio basali albo
vel albido. Carne alba, inodora.

Sporis 3.8-5.5 x 2.5 nm, ellipsoideis, haud
truncatis nec calcariatis, levibus, in KOH hyalinis
vel flavido-hyalinis, tenuiter vel firme tunicatis,
inamyloideis. Hymenio: Basidiis 11-13 x 3.5-4.5
/im, tetrasporis, basidiolis haud fusoideis. Cysti-
diolis sparsis, 7-1 5 x 5-7 /ttm, basidiomorphis sed
basidiis sublatioribus. Nonnullis basidiis et cys-
tidiolis passim intus pseudoamyloideis, sed eorum
pariete inamyloidea. Hyphis hyalinis, tenuituni-
catis, inamyloideis, fibulatis. Epicute pilei profun-
da sed intermittente, epitheliali, ex cellulis angu-
laribus, subisodiametricis, ± 25 nm diam., flavido-
stramineis effbrmata. Hypodermio cutiformi, ex
elementis multiseptatis, horizontalibus, hyphali-
bus, flavido-stramineis effbrmato.

Ad terram et quisquilias palmigenas in silva se-
cundaria, typi terrae firmae sed igapo vicina.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, Ponta Negra, 1 I
1978, Singer B 10445 (inpa).

Cystolepiota amazonica Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo ferrugineo-brunneo vel subcastaneo, ne-
que hygrophano nec viscido, glabro, leniter ven-
oso-ruguloso vel sublevi, margine demum sub-
sulculato, campanulato, papillato, 3 mm lato et
alto. Lamellis albis, siccis pallide sordideque brun-
neolis, subconfertis, moderatim angustis, haud in-
tervenosis, liberis vel peranguste adnexis. Stipite
castaneo, glabro, apicem versus attenuato, 12 x
0.8 mm. Annulo nullo viso. Mycelio basali albo.
Carne alba in vegetis, tenui, inodora.

Sporis 2.5-2.8 x 2-2.2 nm, subglobosis vel glo-
bosis, pro ratione firme tunicatis, cyanophilis, ple-
rumque (sed haud omnibus) pseudoamyloideis,
levibus, hyalinis, azureo cresylico haud metach-
romaticis. Hymenio: Basidiis 11-12.5 x 3.5-4.5
/um, tetrasporis. Cystidiis nullis. Cheilocystidiis di-
morphis, ( 1 ) ampullaceis, apice tenui sed interdum
sursum leniter anguste claviculari, basi et medio
ventricosis, (2) ventricosis vel subvesiculosis, late
obtusis, ambobus hyalinis, tenuitunicatis, ina-
myloideis, magnitudine elementorum epicutis pi-
lei. Hyphis in tramate pilei et stipitis hyalinis, haud
gelatinosis, fibulis nullis vel rarissimis. Tramate
hymenophorali regulari, ex hyphis anguste cylin-
draceis vel filamentosis, densis, debiliter pseudoa-
myloideis effbrmato. Epicute pilei hymeniformi,
ex elementis ventricosis et vesiculosis, interdum

transverse septatis effbrmata, certis in locis bis-
trata vel tristrata (sic epithelium intermittens for-
mante), his elementis 9-19 x 7.5-14 ^m, ina-
myloideis, haud incrustatis, tenuitunicatis, in KOH
subincoloribus. Hypodermio cutiformi, denso, ex
hyphis multiseptatis, versus pilei trama angus-
tioribus effbrmato.

Ad folia dicotyledonea delapsa, putrescentia,
solitario.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, 30 km N of Manaus,
17 V 1977, Singer B 9643 (inpa).

Cystolepiota potassiovirens Sing., spec. nov.

Piieo brunneo vel atrobrunneo, sed umbone ex-
cepto minute alutaceo-pallido-furfuraceo, prae-
sertim sub lente viso, convexo, papilla vel umbone
exiguo centrali omato, 10 mm lato. Lamellis biso-
fuscis, lalis, subventricosis, subconfertis, liberis.
Stipite atrocastaneo, pruinato, levi, stricto, subae-
quali, 17 x 0.8-1 mm. Carne superficiebus con-
colori, inodora.

Sporis 3.3-4 x 2.5-3 tim, ellipsoideis, hyalinis,
KOH ope virescentibus, inamyloideis sed pig-
menti violacei solutione (in medio acetico ex ele-
mentis epithelii exudante) lilascentibus, poro ger-
minativo et depressione suprahilari destitutis,
pariete apparenter simplici instructis. Hymenio:
Basidiis 15-21 x 5 /um, tetrasporis. Cystidiis nul-
lis. Cheilocystidiis ad aciem heteromorphicam 31-
57 X 7-9.5 nm, ampullaceis, rarius anguste utri-
formibus, apice aut constrictione 5-5.5 ^m diam.,
hyalinis vel intus pallidissime griseis vel sublividis
(KOH). Hyphis flocculorum pilei epithelialiter
dispositis, cellulis subglobosis vel angularibus, 1 0-
25 ^m diam. Hypodermio continuo, cutiformi, ex
cellulis hyphalibus, saepe pluriseptatis, tenuitun-
icatis, ad septa constrictis effbrmato. Pigmento ep-
icutis et hypodermii in medio acido violaceo, in
alkalino viridi.

Ad terram in silva tropicali primaria typi terrae
firmae solitario vel gregatim.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, 30 km N of Manaus
("EMBRAPA"), 31 XI 1977, SingerB 10247 (inpa),
with photo.

Lepiota gomezii Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo albo, subsquamoso, lanoso, nec striato nec
pectinato, umbone nudo, convexo, umbonato, 7-

SINGER: NEW TAXA OF AGARICALES

99

1 1 mm lato. Lamellis albis, liberis. Stipite albo,
subglabro vel lanoso, aequali sed ad basin gra-
datim incrassato, 16-27 x 1-1.5 mm, ad basin
usque ad 3.5 mm diam. Superficiebus KOH ope
brunnescentibus.

Sporis 5-6 x 3-4 fim, ovoideis, depressione su-
prahilari vel applanatione destitutis, calcare et poro
germinativo nullis, levibus, azurei cresylici ope
haud metachromaticis, pseudoamyloideis, levi-
bus. Hymenio: Basidiis 6.7 nm latis, tetrasporis.
Cheilocystidiis ad aciem lamellarum heteromor-
pham, 18-40 x 4-8 nm, ampullaceis vel subcy-
lindraceis, apice saepe incrassatis vel basi incras-
satis, apice in ampullaceis 4-6 ^im diam., obtusis,
hyalinis, tenuitunicatis, hyalinis vel pallidissime
substramineis. Hyphis defibulatis, inamyloideis.
Epicute pilei trichodermiali, ex elementis elon-
gatis, multiseptatis efformata, sphaerocystibus
nullis.

Ad quisquilias in ramentosis sub quercubus in
silva ectotrophica tropicali.

Typus— Costa Rica, Guanacaste, 7 km NW of
Bagaces, October 1982, Gomez 18713 (f).

Lepiota izonetae Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo aurantio-ferrugineo vel ferrugineo-brun-
neo in centro integro, aurantio-ferrugineo vel fer-
rugineo-brunneo-squamuloso supra fundamen-
tum album circum discum, levi, campanulato-
convexo, obtuso, 7 mm lato, 6 mm alto. Lamellis
albis, acie albis, moderatim latis, confertis, liberis.
Stipite albo, sed leniter albido vel ferrugineo-ma-
culato-fibrilloso in parte inferiore, aequali, ebul-
boso, exannulato 39 x 2 mm. Velo annuliformi
nullo sed margine pilei albo-fibrilloso e velo. Carne
alba, immulabili, inodora.

Sporis6-7 x 4.5 /xm, ellipsoideis, calcaredesti-
tutis, poro nullo, pariete hyalina, levi, leniter aut
fortiter pseudoamyloidea. Hymenio: Basidiis 1 7-
20 X 6-8 nm, tetrasporis. Cystidiis nullis. Cheil-
ocystidiis 27-53 x 8-1 1 nm, clavatis, hyalinis,
acie lamellarum ex eis heteromorpha. Hyphis haud
gelalinosis, fibulatis, inamyloideis. Epicute pileiex
cellulis terminalibus hypharum ascendentibus et
cystidiformibus efformata, his interdum aggrega-
tis, immo subhymeniformiter dispositis, 30-38 x
13.5-23 iim, ventricosis vel subvesiculosis, inte-
gris, levibus, parietibus crassis, brunneis (0.5-1.8
Mm diam.) instructis, ex hyphis basalibus ex hy-
podermio hyalino vel subhyalino ascendentibus
natis.

Ad folia dicotyledonea delapsa in silva tropicali
typi terrae firmae solitario.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, 30 km N of Manaus,
26 XII 1977, leg. Izonete Araujo Aguiar & Singer
B 10409 (INPA).

Lepiota apalochroa (Berk. & Br.) Sacc. is related.
Lepiota apalochroa and L. izonetae both belong
in sect. Cristatae.

Lepiota xanthophylloides Sing., nom. nov.

Basionym — Lepiota xanthophylla Sing., Sy-
dowia Beih. 7: 67. 1973, non L. xanthophylla Or-
ton, Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. 43: 289. 1960.

Chamaemyces(?) paraensis Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo fuligineo ("elk" M&P), subtiliter sub lente
velutino in centro et pubescente ad marginem, sed
macroscopice glabro, levi, nec viscoso neque hy-
grophano, subapplanato, umbonato, 1 7 mm lato.
Lamellis grisello-pallidis, ad aciem pallide succi-
neis et sub-erosis, confertissimis, satis angustis et
linearibus, horizontalibus, liberis vel profunde
sinuato-liberis. Stipite griseo ("grey 31" M&P),
glabro, aequali, 30 x 1.8 mm. Carne pilei grisea
in strato supemo, bubalina in infemo, pallide gri-
sea in stipite, inodora.

Sporis 5-7.8 x 3.5-5 /Ltm, plerumque 7 x 5/xm,
ellipsoideis, depressione suprahilari destitutis,
levibus, hyalinis, strato extemo parietis carmini
acetici ope atrorubro tincto sed saepe obsoleto et
endosporio azurei cresylici ope haud metachro-
matico instmctis, exosporio azurei cresylici ope
atrocaeruleo, tota pariete inamyloidea, nucleis
binis. Colore sporarum pulveris ignoto, sed eum
albidum esse aestimo. Hymenio: Basidiis 18-23
X 6.5-7 nm, tetrasporis, clavatis, basidiolis haud
fusoideis. Cystidiis admodum sparsis, paucis,
cheilocystidiis simillimis. Cheilocystidiis dimor-
phis, (1) frequenterconniventibus, 25-40 x 5-5.5
^m, cylindraceis vel cylindraceo-subutriformibus,
massis resinaceis succineis vel ochraceo-brunneis
amorphis incmstatis, (2) sparsis, ampullaceis vel
cylindraceis, 29—40 x 2-5 ^m, hyalinis et haud
incmstatis; ambobus typis hyaline et tenuiter tun-
icatis. Hyphis defibulatis, inamyloideis, in zona
supralamellari pilei angusta hyalinis, cetemm ra-
dialiter dispositis et pigmento intracellulari dis-
soluto et intraparietali et incmstante atrofusco im-

100

HELDIANA: BOTANY

pletis atque obtectis, in stipite parallelis. Tramate
hymenophorali regulari, hyaHno (NH4OH), ±25
/xm diam. Hyphis 2-22 nm latis, in nulla parte
gelatinosis. Epicute pilei ad marginem ex derma-
tocystidiis haud continue hymeniformiter dispos-
itis, his prostratis vel saepius erectis, 1 3-25 x 4-
6.5 ^m, fusoideo-ventricosis vel ampullaceis, ex-
crescentiis tenuibus, brevibus hypharum hypod-
ermii interspersis; pigmento nullo vel vacuolari et
dilutissime fuscidulo; in centro pilei epicute hy-
meniformi vel subhymeniformi, elementis cla-
vatis, ventricosis vel ampullaceis et usque ad 26
X 7 ^m, plerumque hyaHnis, integris, obtusis. Hy-
podermio cutiformi, sed a strato supemo tramatis
pilei vix differentiato, pigmentato pigmento atro-
fusco intracellulari atque incrustante. Tegumento
stipitis e dermatocystidiis et excrescentiis erectis
hypharum longitudinaHum efformato. Dermato-
cystidiis 10-20 x 3.5-5 nm, versiformibus, e. gr.
filamentosis, subulatis, subvesiculosis.
Ad detritum in silva humida topicaH soHtario.

cinnamomeo-griseoHs, subconfertis vel mediocri-
ler confertis, satis angustis, sed subventricosis, an-
guste adnexis. Stipite albo, glabro, nudo, evelato,
cavo, aequaH, 31-42 x 0.6-1.2 mm. Carne ino-
dora.

Sporis 6.7-7.5(-8.2) x 4.3^.8 (im, ellipsoideis
vel ovoideis, lateraliter visis phaseoliformibus,
levibus, poro germinativo, ± pallido, truncato
munitis, in NH4OH castaneis, in KOH griseis. Hy-
menio: Basidiis plerumque tetrasporis, his et cys-
tidiis (praesentibus?) collapsis in typo. Cheilocys-
tidiis 23 X 8 nm, utriformibus. Hyphis fibulatis
in tramate pilei pigmento intraparietali melleo in-
structis, in stipite subparallelis et hyalinis. Epicute
pilei hymeniformi, ex elementis 1 5 x l^^m, sub-
vesiculosis, erectis efformata. Hypodermio ex ele-
mentis subvesiculosis verticaliter catenulatis, pal-
lide ochreis (KOH) efformato et subepithelioso.
Tegumento stipitis subnullo.

Ad frustula foliorum putrescentium et lignea in
silva typi varzeae (inundabili) gregatim.

Typus— Brazil, Para, Belem, Estancia Pirelli, 7
VI 1 966, Singer B 4243 (bafc) ("Mellomyces par-
aensis" in herb.).

This new species is of somewhat uncertain taxo-
nomic position, but according to the majority of
its characters fits best in Chamaemyces. By some
characteristics and its habit it reminds one of the
neotropical species of Podabrella, but the epicutis
and the spores are different and aberrant for that
genus and the basidia are not siderophilous as they
are in other Termitomyceteae. Lepiota rufipes
Morgan sensu Ktihner and possibly Schulzeria
squamigera Schulz & Bres. appear to be related.

COPRINACEAE Roze

Psathyrella indica (Sathe & Daniel) Sing., comb.
nov.

^AiS\on\M— Phaeomycena indica Sathe & Dan-
iel, MACS Monogr.l: 97. 1980. Related to P. ty-
phae.

Psathyrella janauariensis Sing., sp>ec. nov.

Pileo brunneo, hygrophano, per quatuor quintas
partes radii pellucide striato et sulculato, glabro,
conico, 10-15 mm lato, 3.5-5 mm alto. Lamellis

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, Lago Janauari, 18
IV 1983, Singer B 12447 (f).

This species, common in varzea vegetation,
should be compared with Psathyrella dichroma
(Berk. & Curt.) A. H. Smith, but in this Cuban
species the stipe is less slender, the lamellae are
distant, and the general habit seems different.

Psathyrella lignatilis Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo carneo-griseo, centro subbiso, hygro-
phano, glabro, nudo, evelato, centro levi, margine
per duas tertias radii pellucide striato et sulcatulo,
convexo, subumbonato, 23-30 mm lato. Lamellis
porphyrio-brunneis, satis angustis, confertissimis,
adnatis. Stipite albo, nudo, cavo, aequali, 26 x 2
mm. Carne alba, inodora.

Sporis 7-8.7 x 4.7-5.7 y^m, ellipsoideis, poro
germinativo manifesto nullo sed ad apicem pariete
multum attenuata instructis, levibus, bene pig-
mentatis, in NH4OH porphyrio-brunneis, in KOH
griseis. Hymenio: Basidiis 16.5 x 7.8 ^m, tetras-
poris. Cystidiis nullis. Cheilocystidiis numerosis
ad aciem et prope aciem, plerumque utriformibus,
nonnulHs late ventricosis vel clavatis, 28.5-40 x
8.5-14.3 ^m, hyalinis, tenuitunicatis. Hyphis tra-
matis hymenophoralis regularis subhyalinis vel
ochreo-hyalinis, latis vel latissimis. Epicute pilei
hymeniformi ex elementis subvesiculosis effor-
mata, subhyalina.

SINGER: NEW TAXA OF AGARICALES

101

Ad lignum putridum dicotyledoneum in silva
arenosa typi campinarana gregatim.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, near road Manaus-
Caracarai, km 45, 1 1 VII 1977, Singer B 10076
(inpa).

This Amazonian species differs from P. cam-
pestris (Earle) A. H. Smith in being lignicolous in
campinarana vegetation, and in its naked stipe,
narrower basidia, and much better developed germ
pore of the spores. It differs from P. cordobaensis
A. H. Smith especially by larger spores.

Psathyrella segregis Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo fusco-griseo vel melleo-griseo, hygro-
phano, dehydratione dilute griseo-ochraceo, per 5
mm a margine pellucide striato, obtuse conico,
glabro, nudo, 20 mm lato. Lamellis dilute griseis,
siccis grisello-brunneis, confertis vel subconfertis,
acie saepe palhdis, mediocriter latis, ventricosis,
adnexis. Stipite albo, prope basin paUide fusci-
dulo, glabro, nudo, subaequah, sed plerumque gra-
datim attenuato apicem versus, 48—49 x 3-4 mm.
Velo nullo. Carne stipitis alba, immutabiU fractu,
odore farinae.

Sporis 6.3-7(-8) x 3.7-4.3 ^m, in ammonia
porphyrio-brunneis, post unam horam brunnes-
centibus, ellipsoideis vel subcyHndraceis, leniter
vel vix angustioribus et plerumque leniter phas-
eoliformibus lateraliter visis, levibus, poro ger-
minativo apicali, centrali, truncato munitis. Hy-
menio: Basidiis 13-16 x ± 6-6.5 inn, hyalinis,
tetrasporis. Cystidiis sat numerosis, 31-50 x 4.5-
8 Mm et cylindraceis aut x 9-1 5 (im et ampullaceis,
tunc apice aequali, obtuso vel dilatato-subcapitato
(6-8 nm diam.), hyalinis vel subhyalinis, tenui-
tunicatis. Cheilocystidiis numerosis, cystidiis ad
aciem intermixtis, 25-33 x 9-15 nm et saccato-
ventricosis, interdum mucronatis, aut 19-28 x
10-15 Mm et ventricoso-vesiculosis, omnibus ten-
uitunicatis et hyalinis. Hyphis fibulatis, in tramate
hymenophorali regulari brunneolo-hyalinis
(NH4OH). Epicute pilei hymeniformi, ex elemen-
tis erectis, 40-52 x 20-25 nm, hyalinis vel sub-
hyalinis, vesiculosis vel ventricosis, interdum an-
guste mucronatis, tenuitunicatis, numquam
incrustatis efformata. Hypodermio cutiformi,
brunneo, sed sine pigmentis incrustantibus man-
ifestis. Dermatocystidiis nullis vel perpaucis et
raris.

Ad terram sub Tiliis solitario.

Typus— USA, Michigan, Berrien County, War-
ren Woods, 29 IX 1973, Singer N 4500 (f).

This is a rare species belonging in sect. Fibril-
losae, it is obviously different from all species of
Psathyrella described in Smith's monograph
(1972).

Psathyrella varzeae Sing., spec. nov,

Pileo saturate brunneo in humidis, fortiter hy-
grophano, dehydratione in disco gilvo, ceterum
gilvo-pallido, glaberrimo, levi, nudo, evelato, ob-
tuse conico, dein conico-convexo vel convexo, in
humidis pellucide tantum striato, estriato in siccis,
25-3 1 mm lato. Lamellis atrobrunneis vel vina-
ceobrunneis, haud griseo-tinctis umquam, angus-
tis, confertis, in maturis intervenosis, adnexis.
Sporis in massa atrocastaneis. Stipite albo, glabro,
nudo, cavo, aequali et ad basin abrupte incrassato
vel apicem versus gradatim attenuato, 42-108 x
2-4 mm, ad basin usque ad 5.5 mm lato. Velo
nullo. Carne partim subbrunneola, pallescente, in
stipite alba, inodora.

Sporis 6.5-8 x 4-5 ixm, ovoideis vel ellipso-
ideis, raro lateraliter visis phaseoliformibus, lev-
ibus, bene pigmentatis, in ammonia brunneis, in
KOH sepiaceis, poro germinativo lato, apicali,
truncato munitis, guttula rotunda centrali intema
repletis. Hymenio: Basidiis 24 x 7-8 nm, hyalinis,
tetrasporis. Cystidiis metuloideis, numerosissimis
ad aciem et latera lamellarum, 34-66 x (9-)io_
26 nm, hyalinis vel subhyalinis, numquam ubivis
brunneis, in parte supema crasse tunicatis (pariete
hic (l-)2— 4 ^m diam., interdum apice ipso solido),
basin versus gradatim tenuius tunicatis, incrus-
tatione tenui hyalina vel subhyalina manifesta,
ammoniae ope haud virescente obtectis, ut min-
ime ad apicem extremum, fusoideis vel late fu-
soideis. Cheilocystidiis e. gr. 30 x 10 tim, versi-
formibus, frequenter ampullaceis, tenuitunicatis,
collabentibus. Hyphis pallide brunneolis, fibulatis
(in tramate pilei, KOH). Tramate hymenophorali
regulari. Epicute pilei epitheliosa, hyalina vel sub-
hyalina. Hypodermio bmnneo.

Ad terram in silva tropicali typi varzea grega-
tim.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, Lago Janauari, 18
III 1983, Singer B 12430 (f).

This belongs in subg. Homophron sect. Cysti-
diosae and is related to P. cystidiosa (Peck) A. H.

102

FIELDIANA: BOTANY

Smilh but different because of its truncate germ
pore and the darker color of the pileus, the some-
what shorter spores and metuloids, the longer stipe,
and the habitat in varzea. It also differs from P.
spadicea (Schaeff. ex Fr.) Sing. in well-pigmented
spores and from P. hesleriaffinis Sing. in the ab-
sence of a veil.

BOLBITIACEAE Sing.
Conocybe amazonica Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo ochraceo-brunneo, ± hygrophano, glabro,
longe pellucide striato, campanulato-subhemis-
phaerico, 6 mm lato. Lamellis ferrugineo-brun-
neo-ochraceis, latis, subventricosis, subascenden-
libus, acie pallidis, adnexis. Stipite ad apicem albo,
subtus pallide brunneolo, sparse minute farinaceo-
pruinosulo, haud radicante, aequali, 43 x 0.5 mm.
Carne palHda vel pallide brunneola et tenui, ino-
dora.

Sporis 13.5-15.5 x 8-8.5 ^m, ellipsoideis, lev-
ibus, bene pigmentatis in ammonia, poro germi-
nalivo lato, truncato munitis. Hymenio in am-
monia haud crystallophoro. Basidiis 24.5 x 7-12
/im, (2-)4-sporis. Cystidiis nullis. Cheilocystidiis
23-32 X 7-10 nm, lecythiformibus, hyalinis vel
intus brunneolis, capitulo globoso, 5-7(-7.8) nm
diam. Hyphis hbulatis. Epicute pilei hymenifor-
mi. Tegumento stipitis dermatocystidiis singulis
et aggregatis sed haud continuis efformato, der-
matocystidiis lecythiformibus, 29-32 x l-\0 ^im
numerosis et aliis etiam sat numerosis, 23 x 10
^m, his capitulo destitutis, omnibus hyalinis. Pilis
hyphalibus longis nullis.

Ad frustula lignea in silva tropicali typi terrae
firmae solitario.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, 30 km N of Manaus,
1 1 V 1977, Singer B 9862 (inpa).

& Watling is the same. Velenovsky described the
cystidia as echinulate; in the type (pr) such cystidia
are absent.

Conocybe izonetae Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo fuscidulo-brunneo, pallido-virgato, in ve-
getis pallucide striato, hygrophano, convexo, ob-
tuso, glabro, 7 mm lato. Lamellis ochraceo-brun-
neis, confertis, sat latis minime ventricosis, adnexis.
Stipite pallido, subtiliter pubescente (sub lente),
aequali sed pseudorrhiza longa praedito, (cum
pseudorrhiza) 85 x 0.2 mm. Carne inodora.

Sporis 8.7-9.5(-10.5) x 5-5.7(-6) nm, ellipso-
ideis, depressione applanationeque suprahilari
destitutis, levibus, pariete crassa, in ammonia bene
pigmentata et poro germinativo lato, truncato
munitis. Hymenio crysallis in ammonia nullis.
Basidiis 14.5-18 x 8.5-9.5 ^tm, tetrasporis. Cys-
tidiis nullis. Cheilocystidiis lecythiformibus 14-
21 X 6.5-7 inm,hyalinis,capitulo 3.3-4.5 ^nidiam.
Hyphis fibulatis. Epicute pilei hymeniformi, ex
elementis latis, subisodiametricis, subvesiculosis
vel vesiculosis, hyalino-tunicatis efformata; der-
matocystidiis paucis, dermatocystidiis capitatis
stipitis simillimis. Tegumento stipitis e dermato-
cystidiis et pilis hyphosis efformato; dermatocys-
tidiis lecythiformibus (capitulo 2.5-4 ^im diam.)
17-21 X 3-6.5 ^m et late ventricosis, haud cap-
itatis, obtusis, 10-26 x 6.5-8.5 /im. Pilishyphosis
(12-)50-60 X 2-2.5 ^im, sed saepe ad basin 3-5.5
nm latis, hyalinis.

Ad terram in silva tropicali typi terrae firmae
solitario.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, 30 km N of Manaus,
23 III 1978, Singer B 10855 (inpa).

This belongs in sect. Mixtae where it is re-
markable because of its pallid, radicant stipe.

Conocybe digitalina (Velen.) Sing., comb. nov.

Basionym— Ga/era digitalina Velen., Nov. Myc.
Nov. (Opera Bot. Cech. 4): 70. 1947. C. subpu-
bescens Orton 1 960 belongs here.

Conocybe echinata (Velen.) Sing., comb. nov.

Basionym— Ga/era echinata Velen., Nov. Myc.
Nov. p. 69. Conocybe sordida (Kuhn. ex) Kuhn.

Conocybe javanica Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo ferrugineo-coriicolori, radiatim ruguloso,
margine striatulo, subincurvo, conico, 44 mm lato.
Lamellis concoloribus, confertis, angustis, haud
ventricosis, acie albis, adnatis. Stipite subconco-
lori vel pallidiore, sericeo-fibrilloso et longitudi-
naliter sulcato, tenui, cavo, pileo longiore, radi-
cante(?).

Sporis ± cruciformibus, raro triangularibus, ut
in Inocybibus, 3 vel 5 nodis obtusis, raro his ab-

SINGER: NEW TAXA OF AGARICALES

103

sentibus, membrana duplici 0.8 ^im crassa ina-
myloidea, levi instructis, laete ferrugineis in am-
monia, atro-rufo-castaneis in KOH, lateraliter visis
angustioribus (lentiformibus), poro germinativo
late truncatis. Hymenio: Basidiis 15-21 x 6.5-8
^m, tetrasporis. Cystidiis nullis. Cheilocystidiis
12.8-19 X 4-6.2 nm, lecythiformibus, capitulo
2.5-5 nm diam., hyalinis. Hyphis fibulatis. Tra-
mate hymenophorali typi Conocybarum modo re-
gulari. Epicute pilei subhymeniformi, ex elementis
45-62 X 16-31 ^im clavato-ventricosis vel sub-
vesiculosis, longe pedicellatis, ferrugineobrunneis
efformata (pigmento intraparietali et incrustante),
sed hyphis repentibus 1-3 nm diam. hymenium
in certis areis obtegentibus. Tegumento stipitis in
typo obscuro, sed apparenter eo C. nodulososporae
simili.
In silva tropicali.

Typus— Indonesia, Java, Hohnel, herb. sheet no.
3860 (FH).

Conocybe nodulosospora (Hongo) Watling is
closely related. The new species from Java has few
nodules on each spore and I have not observed
dermatocystidia on the pileus.

Conocybe leporina (Velen.) Sing., comb. nov.

BASio^fYM— Ga/era leporina Velen., 1. c. p. 68.
Similis est C. siliginea var. neoantipus (Atk.) Kiihn.
sensu Kiihn. non Atk.

sat angustis, liberis. Stipite ex integro albo vel al-
bido in vegetis sed siccando brunneo, ad apicem
pruinato, cavo, filiformi, pseudorrhiza ± mani-
festa attenuata munito, (cum pseudorrhiza) 35-80
X 1-1.2 mm. Carne inodora.

Sporis 7-9 x 4.8-5 nm, ellipsoideis, levibus,
ferruginascente-melleis in ammonia, ferrugineis
sed haud intense coloratis in KOH, poro germi-
nativo munitis. Hymenio in ammonia crystallis
aculeiformibus nullis. Basidiis tetrasporis. Cysti-
diis nullis. Cheilocystidiis 14-17 x 6-9 /xm, le-
cythiformibus, hyalinis, capitulo 2.5-3.5 iim diam.
Hyphis fibulatis, eis stipitis parallelis et incolori-
bus in vegetis, pallidissime ochraceis sed haud pig-
mento intraparietali notabili visibili et incrusta-
tione nulla, omnibus hyphis fibulatis. Tramate
hymenophorali pallide brunneolo, typi Conocy-
barum (sensu stricto) modo regulari. Epicute pilei
cellulari-hymeniformi, dermatocystidiis nullis.
Tegumento stipitis in parte media stipitis der-
matocystidiis lecythiformibus destituto, sed der-
matocystidiis vesiculosis apicaliter prolongatione
filiformi sat brevi saepe praeditis et pilis hyphosis
hyalinis longis nonnuUis praesentibus.

Ad terram inter folia delapsa in silva tropicali.

Typus— Bolivia, Riberalta, 31 III 1956, Singer
B 2403 (lil, holotype; bafc, syntype).

This differs from C. izonetae Sing. by the rather
small spores and less developed pseudorrhiza and
especially by the absence of lecythiform derma-
tocystidia on the stipe.

Conocybe mesospora var. subalpina Sing., var. nov. Conocybe stictospora Sing., spec. nov.

A var. mesospora sporis nonnihil majoribus dif-
fert: Sporis(9-)10-1 1(-1 1.5) x (5-)5.2-6(-6.5)Mm.
Habitat in zona Alpium subalpina ad terram inter
gramina.

Typus— Switzerland, Vaud, above Pont de Nant,
± 1300 m ah., 6 VII 1984, Singer C 9682 (f).

Conocybe myosura Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo ochraceobrunneo ("Martinique" M&P),
hygrophano, pellucide striato et inter strias palli-
diodre per 4/5 vel 5/6 radii, glabro, convexo dein
subapplanato, papilla exigua omato vel subum-
bonato, 1 5 mm lato. Lamellis ochraceo-brunneo-
lis ("topaz" vel "spruce Y"), acie pallidis confertis.

Pileo brunneo ( 1 4 J 10 M&P), hygrophano, sic-
cando pallidiore (11 C 4 M&P), lenissime visci-
dulo, glabro, nudo, convexo, demum margine re-
curvato, 3 1 mm lato. Lamellis ochraceis ("desert"
M&P), confertis, angustis, anguste adnexis. Stipite
albo vel albido, basin versus brunneolo, e basi
incrassata apicem versus leniter attenuato, 53 x
3.5 mm, ad basin 7 mm diam. haud radicante,
cavo, superficie sub lente subtiliter farinosa. Carne
inodora.

Sporis 7-7.5(-8.5) x 3.5^.2(^.7) nm, non-
nullis (e basidiis bisporis natis) 9 x 4-^.5 nm,
punctatis (in juvenilibus omamentatione nuUa visa,
in sporis binis omamentatione frequenter haud
manifesta), poro germinativo truncato munitis,
bene pigmentatis, quatemis plemmque ellipso-
ideis, aliis plemmque fusoideis. Hymenio: Basidiis

104

FIELDIANA: BOTANY

13-21 X 6-7 nm, multis tetrasporis, paucis bis-
poris. Cystidiis nuUis. Cheilocystidiis lecythifor-
mibus, 12-19 x 3.5-6 Mni,capitulo 2.5-4 ^nidiam.
Hyphis fibulatis. Tramate hymenophorali typi
Conocybis modo regulari. Neque hymenio neque
tramate ammoniae ope crystalligero. Epicute pilei
maxime e parte hymeniformi, e cellulis ± 1 2 fim
latis efformato. Dermatocystidiis in pileo nullis.
Tegumento stipitis e dermatocystidiis lecythifor-
mibus (capitatis) 12-20 x 3.5-6 nm (capitulo 2-
6 fim diam.) et pilis hyphosis longis, hyalinis ef-
formato. Interdum dermatocystidiis reductione
partis ventricosae causa e capitulo pedicellato tan-
tum consistentibus.

Ad folia putrescentia in silva tropicali typi terrae
firmae solitario.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, 30 km N of Manaus,
25 V 1977, Singer B 9715 (inpa).

The covering of the stipe corresponds to that of
sect. Mixtae, but the omamentation of the spores
refers this species to subg. Ochromarasmius.

Conocybe tuxtlaensis Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo grisello-ochreo vel ochraceo-subgriseo,
hygrophano, glabro, per medium radium pellucide
striato et leniter sulculato, convexo, obtuso, 6 mm
lato. Lamellis subferrugineo-ochraceo-brunneis,
acie albis, latis, subliberis, subconfertis vel me-
diocriter distantibus. Stipite pallide brunneo,
subglabro, subaequali, 11 x 0.5 mm. Carne tenui,
inodora.

Sporis 6-7.5 x 3.5-4.3 iim, ellipsoideis vel fu-
siformibus, levibus, bene pigmentatis (aureo-
ochraceis in ammonia), poro germinativo lato,
truncato munitis. Hymenio: Basidiis 13-15.3 x
5.5-6.5 nm, tetrasporis. Cystidiis nullis. Cheilo-
cystidiis 12-16.8 x 5.5-7.2 nm, capitulo 2.8-4.3
Mm diam., hyalinis, vel partim pallidissime brun-
neolis. Hymenio ammoniae ope haud crystallo-
phoro. Hyphis fibulatis. Epicute pilei hymenifor-
mi, ex elementis 21-25 x 12-19 nm, vesiculosis
et ± pediculatis, plerumque tenuitunicatis, paucis
crassius tunicatis (pariete 0.2-1 /zm crassa), pig-
mento intracellulari brunneolo, dissoluto repletis
efformata. Dermatocystidiis in pileo nullis. Teg-
umento stipitis (in parte mediana stipitis) e der-
matocystidiis lecythiformibus et haud lecythifor-
mibus efformato; his subglobosis vel ellipsoideis
et breviter angusteque mucronatis aut pilum lon-
gum hyphosum, 0.5-1.8 nm diam. emittentibus.

6-9 X 5-7 /im in parte basali infiata; illis ± 1 7 x
6 nm, capitulo 3.5—4 /tm diam.
Ad humum in silva tropicali pluviali solitario.

Typus— Mexico, Veracruz, Estacion Biologica
de los Tuxtlas, 7 km a Monte Pio, 23 VI 1969,
Singer M 8185 (f).

This species belongs in sect. Mixtae and is re-
lated to C. xylophila Sing., but it is not lignicolous;
the color of the pileus tends towards gray, the stipe
is more distinctly pigmented, and dermatocystidia
are absent on the pileus. Conocybe xylophila is
much more widely distributed than originally an-
ticipated. Aside from Chile, this species also oc-
curs in Venezuela (M. Gariglia & E. Rodrigez, 1 2
II 1981) and Mexico {Singer M 8711, f).

Pholiotina altoandina Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo atroceraceo-brunneo vel castaneo-brun-
neo (7.5 YR 5/6 Mu), haud viscoso, macroscopice
glabro et nudo, subtiliter striato, anguste campan-
ulato vel convexo, haud repando, obtuso, 7.5-13
mm lato. Lamellis subconcoloribus, acie palli-
dioribus, mediocriter confertis, lenissime ventri-
cosis, mediocriter confertis, adnatis vel emargin-
ato-adnatis. Stipite pileo pallidiore (±2.5 YR 8/
4 Mu), in siccis pallidissime brunneolo et ad basin
dilute brunneo, pruinato-pubescente ut minime ad
apicem, aequali sed ad basin nonnihil incrassato,
11-55 X 1-I.5mm,adbasinusquead3mmdiam.
Velo nullo. Carne tenui; odore et sapore debilibus,
subfarinaceis fractu.

Sporis 9-1 1.5 x 5.3-6.8 ^im, ellipsoideis, levi-
bus, poro germinativo truncato manifesto muni-
tis, melleo-ochraceis in aqua, intense ferrugineis
in KOH, nonnullis sporis (e basidiis bisporis natis)
12-16 X 6.5-8 Mm. Hymenio: Basidiis 15-30 x
(6-)6.5-8.5(-9) ^im, tetrasporis, perpaucis vel mul-
tis bisporis immixtis, sterigmatibus hyalinis vel
ferrugineis. Cystidiis nullis. Cheilocystidiis 1 9-50
X (5-)7-9 iim, ampuUaceis, rarius ventricosis et
late mucronatis, apice frequentius cylindraceo
quam claviformi et 3.5-5.8 nm lato, obtusis, hy-
alinis. Hyphis fibulatis. Tramate hymenophorali
typi Pholiotinarum modo regulari. Epicute pilei
hymeniformi vel demum subirregulariter subhy-
meniformi,exelementis 13-32 x 9-14.5^^1, sub-
vesiculosis et frequenter pedicellatis, interdum us-
que ad 36 X 1 2.2 nm (dermatopseudoparaphyses?)
et dermatocystidiis 49-55(-67) x 7-15 nm cheil-
ocystidiis simillimis vel utriformibus, rarius sub-

SINGER: NEW TAXA OF AGARICALES

105

clavatis efformata, omnibus aut hyalinis aut brun-
neolis, pigmento intraparietali et partim, saepe ad
basin cellularum, incrustante. Tegumento stipitis
ad eius apicem e dermatocystidiis efformato, his
dermatocystidiis pilei similibus. In parte mediana
stipitis dermatocystidiis sparsis et minoribus, in-
conspicuis, sed pilis hyphosis hyalinis, numerosis
praesentibus.

Inter muscos, Leptopodium aut Senecionem su-
pra terram uliginosam in silvis altoandinis et in
zona alpina supra 3750 m.

Typus— Colombia, Risaralda, Valle de la Que-
brada Betania, Hacienda La Sierra, 25 I 1980,
Boekhout 361 (f). Additional collection: Argen-
tina, Tucuman, Cumbres Calchaquies, Quebrada
del Matadero, 4500 m alt., 12 I 1963, De la Sota
T 15 (bafc).

Pholiotina caricicola Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo pallide sordideque brunneo (10 YR 7/6
Mu), hygrophano (siccando 1 0 YR 8/6 Mu), longe
striato in humidis, estriato in siccis, convexo, dein
subrepando et debiliter umbonato 3-12 mm lato.
Lamellis subconcoloribus pileo humido, subdis-
tantibus vel mediocriter distantibus, acie minute
flocculosis, albidis, adnatis vel subdecurrentibus.
Stipite flavido-castaneo ad apicem (10 YR 5/8
Mu), vel castaneo vel atrobrunneo (7.5 YR 3/4
Mu), ex integro pubescente, ad apicem subtiliter
albo-pruinoso, plerumque curvato, subfiliformi,
abrupte incrassato ad ipsam basin, 7-8 x 0.4-0.5
mm. Velo nullo. Carne in stipite dilute grisello-
alutacea, in strato extemo basis atra, subinodora,
sapore "subnullo."

Sporis 9.5-ll(-13.5) X 5.5-6.5(-8.5) ^"1 (eis
quam 1 1 ^m majoribus e basidiis oligosporis na-
tis), dilute brunneolo-ochraceis, levibus, ellipso-
ideis, raro subreniformibus, poro germinativo lato,
truncato munitis. Hymenio: Basidiis 20-23 x 6-
10 ^m, tetrasporis, paucis 1-2-3-sporis intermix-
tis. Cystidiis nuUis. Cheilocystidiis ad aciem la-
mellarum heteromorpham 10-31 x 4-7.5 fim,
ampullaceis vel lecythiformibus et tunc subcapi-
tatis (capitulo 2-5.5 fim diam.), constrictione sub
capitulo 1.7-4 ^m diam. Cystidiolis prope aciem
lamellarum 22-25 x 6.5-7 ^m, apice 3 nm latis,
ampullaceis, obtusis. Hyphis fibulatis. Tramate
hymenophorali typi Pholiotinarum modo regu-
lari, brunneolo-ochraceo. Epicute pilei hymeni-
formi, sed saepe intermittente; hic dermatocysti-
diis cheilocystidiis simillimis interspersis.

Tegumento stipitis ad apicem stipitis e dermato-
cystidiis (eis pilei et cheilocystidiis simillimis) et
pilis hyphosis filamentosis, interdum apice clav-
iculatis vel subcapitatis, longis, tenuibus effor-
mato; in parte mediana dermatocystidiis perpau-
cis vel nullis praesentibus.

Ad Carices (Carex pichinchensis H. B. & K.) in
silva andina (Weinmannia, Miconia, cum multis
Riccardiis) gregatim.

Typus— Colombia, Risaralda, Santa Rosa de
Cabal, Quebrada La Sierra, 3550 m alt., 26 1 1980,
Boekhout 370 (f).

Pholiotina coprophila (Kiihner) Sing. var. exigua
(Sing.) Sing., comb. nov.

BASiOfiYM—Bolbitius exiguus Sing. Ann. Myc.
34: 344. 1936. The type of 5. exiguus (now at f)
differs from Pholiotina coprophila var. coprophila
because of the small size of the pileus (1 .2-2.5 mm
broad) and stipe (3.0 x 0.5-1.0 mm) and the al-
pine habitat at between 1950 and 2000 m in the
Catalonian Pyrenees.

Pholiotina ealaensis (Beeli) Sing., comb. nov.

Basionym— Ga/em ealaensis Beeh, BuU. Soc.
Roy. Bot. Belg. 61: 89. 1928 {Conocybe ealaensis
(Beeli) Watling, Bull. Jard. Bot. Nat. Belg. 43: 189.
1 973). This species originally described from trop-
ical Africa has been observed by me in Bolivia,
Beni, Guayaramerin, 11 III 1956, Singer B 1825

(LIL).

Pholiotina maireiafiinis Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo flavido-ochraceo, hygrophano, siccando
pallidiore, haud viscoso, in siccis breviter et de-
biliter sulcato, glabro, convexo, obtuso, centro in-
terdum depresso, 10-1 5 mm lato. Lamellis ochra-
ceobrunneis, confertis vel mediocriter confertis,
ventricosis, latis, adnexis. Stipite albo, ad apicem
minute pruinato, aequali, 8-2 1 x l .3-2 mm. Velo
nullo. Came alba, interdum in basi stipitis fus-
cescente, inodora.

Sporis 6.7-8 x 4-5 ^m, ellipsoideis vel subob-
longis, levibus, pariete 0.3-0.4 ^m crassa, duplici,
ochraceo-bmnnea, levi munitis, p>oro germina-
tivo apicali ± manifesto, tmncato vel haud tmn-
cato praeditis. Hymenio: Basidiis 17-21 x 6.5-

106

FIELDIANA: BOTANY

7.5 nm, tetrasporis. Cystidiis nullis. Cheilocysti-
diis inter basidis sparsis ad aciem lamellarum,
(15-)20-33 X 5.5-8.5 Mm, arnpullaceis, apice ob-
tusis et cylindraceis vel suF>eme claviculatis, 2.5-
4.5 ^m diam. ad apicem, pariete tenui, hyalina.
Hyphis fibulatis, in stipite hyalinis, haud gelati-
nosis. Tramate hymenophoraH typi PhoHotina-
rum modo regulari, hyaHno. Epicute pilei hymen-
iformi, ex elementis (10-)21-32 x 10-18 fim,
vesiculosis vel late ventricosis, interdum pedicel-
latis, hyalinis, ad basin interdum ferrugineis atque
paucis dermatocystidiis cheilocystidiis simillimis,
e. gr. 29 x 9 ^m efformata. Hypodermio cutiformi,
e catenulis cellularum multiseptatarum (brevium),
latarum, pigmento ferrugineo-ochraceo intrapar-
ietali instructarum efformato. Tegumento stipitis
ex elementis vesiculosis eis pilei simillimis sed vix
hymeniformiter dispositis nec non e dermatocys-
tidiis et pilis hyphosis efformato; dermatocystidiis
24-27 X 4-7 nm, ampullaceis vel utriformibus;
pilis aut e mucrone dermatocystidiorum aut ex
hyphis extemis stipitis natis et usque ad 45 x 2
(xm, ad basin autem frequenter dilatatis.

Ad terram inter herbas secundum semitam sil-
vestrem gregatim.

» Typus— USA, Illinois, Ogle County, White Pine
State Park, 9 X 1976, Singer N 7591 (f).

This species is related to C. mairei Kiihner but
differs in larger carpophores, non-lacrimant lamel-
lae, somewhat broader spores, more versiform
dermatocystidia of the stipe and fewer dermato-
cystidia of the pileus. It also comes close to P.
pygmaeoaffinis (Fr.) Sing. (sensu Lange, Kiihner)
from which it differs in smaller spores and car-
pophores.

perpaucis subphaeseoliformibus, poro germinati-
vo truncato instructis, dilute ferruginascente-
ochraceo-brunneis. Hymenio: Basidiis 17-21 x
4.5-6 nm, tetrasporis. Cystidiis nulHs. Cheilocys-
tidiis utriformibus, vel ventricoso-subcapitatis vel
cylindrico-capitatis, raro sublecythiformibus, 1 1-
21 X 3.5-7 ^m. Hyphis tramatis hymenophoralis
regularis fibulatis, subbmnneolis. Epicute pilei hy-
meniformi, ex elementis vesiculosis vel breviter
ventricosis, hyalinis, sed ad basin vel in media
parte inferiore frequenter ferrugineo-bmnneo-in-
cmstatis, 19-40 x 7-22 ^m efformata. Hypod-
ermio pigmento fermgineo-ochraceo-bmnneo in-
cmstante colorato, cutiformi. Superficie stipitis
dermatocystidiis praevisa, ut minime ad apicem
stipitis.

Ad tmncum delapsum emortuum {Acer aut
Quercus) in silva riparia solitario.

Typus— USA, Illinois, Cook County, Harms
Woods 16 X 1983, Singer N 5147 (f).

This North American species can be distin-
guished from related species by narrow spores.
Within the group of P. intermedia (Smith) Sing.
several species are known to be Hgnicolous but in
these (with the exception of a specimen deter-
mined Naucoria appendiculata Murr., Murrill F
18367), the spores are broader and the cheilocys-
tidia are lecythiform or sublecythiform. In this
group, P. microspora comes closest to Murrill F
18367 and P. intermedia, but appears to be clearly
different from both. Among the species with am-
pullaceous cheilocystidia, P. microspora ap-
proaches P. filipes (Atk.) Sing. but it is not really
related nor is it close to P. appendiculata (Lange
& Kiihner ex Watling) Sing.

Pholiotina microspora Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo pallide bmnneo, in umbone bmnneo, hy-
grophano, leniter pellucide striato in humidis, gla-
bro, nudo, convexo, umbonato, ± 13 mm lato.
Ldimellis ochraceis, confertis, mediocriter latis, ro-
tundato-adnatis. Stipite albo, ad basin mox bmn-
neo, ad apicem farinoso, subaequali, haud bul-
boso, 20 X 1.5 mm. Velo haud appendiculato in
margine pilei sed annuliformi; annulo membran-
aceo, fugaci. Carne inodora, in basi stipitis brun-
nea.

Sporis 6-7.7 x 3.2-4 iim, ellipsoideis, rarius
ovatis, depressione suprahilari instmctis vel des-
titutis, levibus, haud punctatis, lateraliter visis

Pholiotina striaepes (Cooke) Sing., comb. nov.

Basionym— ^''aMCor/a striaepes (Cooke) Sacc. 5:
839. 1887. Watling correctly considers this differ-
ent from P. pygmaeoaffinis. It was also observed
in Austria (leg. Hohnel sub nom. Galera spartea,
fh).

STROPHARIACEAE (Sing.) Sing.

Stropharia viloriana (Dennis) Sing., comb. nov.

BASiOfiYM— Hypholoma vilorianum Dennis,
Kew Bull. 15: 135, fig. 97 (p. 133). 1961.

SINGER: NEW TAXA OF AGARICALES

107

Naematoloma umbrosum (Velen.) Sing., comb. nov.

Basionym— (/fl/^ra umbrosa Velen., Opera Bot.
Czech. 4: 69. 1947. This species, with "nauco-
rioid" habit, has nonlentiform spores 7.8-12.8 x
4.5-6.5 jum, spadiceous-brown, with truncate germ
pore; it has cheilocystidia 26 x 7.6-8 nm, am-
pullaceous, and chrysocystidia 38-65 x 9-10.5
/zm; the hymenophoral trama is strictly regular,
the basidia bear four spores, the lamellae are broad
dark fuscous. The habitat is among mosses {Po-
lytrichum and others) in a swampy Alnetum in the
shade. The only specimen found (pr) is not the
holotype (which apparently has not been con-
served) but authentic and corresponds to the orig-
inal description fairly well. The species is char-
acterized by its colors, the umbo, the variable
spores and the small size of the carpophores. Pho-
liota aberrans Smith & Hesler which has some
characteristics in common with Velenovsky's
species differs in colors, narrow lamellae, and
probably the glutinous stipe.

cutiformi, ex hyphis filamentosis, appressis, hy-
alinis, 1.5-3.7 ycm latis efformata, tenui. Hypod-
ermio cutiformi ex hyphis in strato superiore hy-
alinis, in strato inferiore e pigmento intraparietali
et incrustante castaneo-brunneo fusco-brunnes-
centibus, aut ±3.7 /im diam. aut latioribus effor-
mato.

Ad terram inter et ad lichenes et muscos in zona
alpina extra pineta {P. mugo) solitario supra saxa
calcarea.

Typus — Austria, N.O. Hoch-Schneeberg,
± 1900 m alt., 16 VIII 1979, SingerC9168 (wu).

This species, because of its alpine habitat, is
comparable to Psilocybe chionophila Lamoure and
Geophila velifera Favre. From the latter it differs
in somewhat smaller spores, larger pileus and
smaller stipe; from P. chionophila it also differs in
smaller spores and non-gelatinous epicutis as well
as in its habitat on calcareous soil. It differs from
both in the shape of the cheilocystidia.

Psilocybe alpestris Sing., spec. nov.

Psilocybe februaria Sing., spec. nov.

Piieo brunneolo-ochraceo, hygrophano, siccan-
do dilute gilvo-ochreo, haud viscoso, glabro, mar-
gine extremo excepto omnino nudo, levi, semig-
loboso-convexo, obtuso, 10-11 mm lato. Lamellis
brunneis, confertis vel subconfertis, latissimis, late
adnatis vel leniter subdecurrentibus, in vetustis
saepe secedentibus et apparenter rotundato-sub-
liberis. Stipite pallide brunneo, subglabro, basin
versus attenuato, sicco, 13-14 x 2-2.4 mm. Velo
ad marginem extremum pilei floccoso et appen-
diculato, in stipitis apice subtiliter fibrilloso vel
inconspicue annuloso, sed annulo mox evanes-
cente, colore pallido, albido. Mycelio basali albo.
Carne pallida, partim brunneolo-pallida, in siccis
pallida, haud caerulescente, inodora.

Sporis 5.5-7.3 x 4.4-5.5 x 3.7-4.5 nm, late
ellipsoideis, lateraliter visis ellipsoideis, frontaliter
visis numquam rhomboideis nec subangularibus,
levibus, in medio aquatico (neutrali) sine colore
lilaceo vel ardesiaco, sed brunneis vel fuscis, fusco-
brunneis in KOH, poro germinativo sat lato, trun-
cato instructis. Hymenio: Basidiis 6.5 iim latis,
tetrasporis. Cystidiis nullis. Cheilocystidiis 14.5-
17.8 X 8.7-9.3 Mm, in acie lamellarum hetero-
morpha numerosissimis, late clavato-ventricosis,
rotundato-obtusis, hyalinis. Hyphis fibulatis. Tra-
mate hymenophorali regulari, haud gelatinoso,
fuscidulo e pigmento intraparietali. Epicute pilei

Pileo brunneolo-ochraceo ("samovar" M&P),
in disco subferrugineo ("gold pheasant" vel "Al-
amo" M&P), partim venoso-rugoso, praesertim
circum umbonem, sed desiccatione sublevi, haud
viscoso, glabro et nudo in adultis, mox circum
umbonem depresso, 12 mm lato. Lamellis brun-
neis ("oak" M&P), latissimis, ventricosis, subdis-
tantibus, adnatis vel adnexis, ad aciem pallidis.
Stipite stramineo, stramineo-fibrilloso ex toto, ae-
quali, 22 X 2 mm. Velo in typo nullo. Carne in-
odora.

Sporis 5-6 x 4-^.4 x 3.5-4 jiim, ovatis vel el-
lipticis frontaliter visis, lentiformibus, ellipticis la-
teraliter visis, levibus, poro germinativo apicali
manifesto, truncato instructis, sordide olivaceo-
melleis et crassitunicatis. Hymenio: Basidiis 12.5-
1 5 X 5.2-6 nm, tetrasporis. Cystidiis nullis. Cheil-
ocystidiis 17-17.5 x 4.5-5.5 /im, versiformibus,
plerumque utriformibus, rarius ventricoso-fuso-
ideis, obtusis, hyalinis, tenuitunicatis. Hyphis fi-
bulatis. Tramate hymenophorali regulari, subhy-
alino vel pallide melleo, haud gelatinoso, ex hyphis
tenuitunicatis, subparallelis vel subintertextis ef-
formato. Epicute pilei haud gelatinosa, ex hyphis
filamentosis, subhyalinis, intertextis efformata,
tenui. Hypodermio fortiter intertexto vel subin-
termixto, ex elementis 12-16 x 9-10 nm, fulvo-
brunneis, haud incrustatis, hyphis magis elongatis

108

FIELDIANA: BOTANY

intermixtis efformato. Tegumento stipitis in eius
apice e dermatocystidiis efformato, his cheilocys-
tidiis simihbus sed frequenter minoribus.

Ad terram secundum semitam extra silvam in
zona tropicah-montana sohtario.

Typus— Bohvia, La Paz, Nor-Yungas, San Je-
ronimo, 7 II 1956, Singer B 976 (lil).

This species is comparable to P. physaloides (Fr.
ex Merat) Quel. sensu Lange, Moser but certainly
different, and not even similar to Agaricus phys-
aloides Fr. sensu Fries.

Psilocybe pericystis Sing., spec. nov.

Piieo sepiaceo, vix hygrophano, haud viscoso,
macroscopice glabro sed sub lente in siccis e der-
matocystidiis pubescente, convexo et subumbon-
ato vel umbonato, demum circum umbonem ap-
planato, 8-22 mm lato. Lamellis concoloribus,
confertis vel subconfertis, latis, adnexis (haud ad-
natis), ad aciem palhdis. Stipite concolori, mac-
roscopice glabro, sub lente subtihter e dermato-
cystidiis pubescente, sicco, nudo, aequah, haud
radicante, 10-23 x 0.5-1 mm. Velo nuUo. My-
celio basali albido, ascendente. Carne superficie-
bus concolori vel paullum pallidiore, haud caeru-
lescente; odore debili, iucundo, fugaci, pomaceo.

Sporis 7.5-10.5 x 6.8-10 x 6.3-7.5 tim, cor-
diformibus vel rhomboideis (angulis subrotun-
datis), frontaliter latissimis, levibus, poro germi-
nativo lato, truncato instructis, in aqua pura haud
violascentibus nec ardesiacis, in KOH atrofuscis.
Hymenio: Basidiis 25 x 9 /im, tetrasporis. Cys-
tidiis et chrysocystidiis veris nullis. Cheilocystidiis
ad et prope aciem lamellarum 45-67 x 8-13 Mm,
plerumque utriformibus, aliis subcylindraceis vel
anguste ventricosis, hyalinis vel subhyalinis. Hy-
phis fibulatis, haud gelatinosis. Tramate hymen-
ophorali regulari, hyalino vel pallide brunneo, vel
fusco e pigmento intraparietali, lenissime incrus-
tante, ex hyphis plerumque inflatis efformato. Ep-
icute pilei e dermatocystidiis erectis saepe agglu-
tinatis in fasciculis, forma sua cheilocystidiis
similibus, hyalinis vel subhyalinis, numerosis, us-
que ad 85 iim longis et interdum 4 ^im tantum
latis efformata. Hypodermio cutiformi, haud ge-
latinosa, tenui, ex hyphis filamentosis hyalinis vel
subhyalinis efformato in strato superiore, in strato
inferiore ex hyphis latioribus, pigmentatis (pig-
mento fusco, ei tramatis hymenophoralis simili,
sed obscuriore et magis manifeste incrustante).

Tegumento stipitis e dermatocystidiis eis pilei
simiUimis efformato.

Ad terram in margine viae silvaticae in silva
primaria typi terrae firmae gregatim vel caespi-
tose.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, 25 km N of Manaus,
Reserva Ducke, 28 VI 1978, SingerB 11261 (inpa).

Among the species of sect. Psilocybe this species
is recognized by the combination of a dry pileus
(epicutis not gelatinous) and comparatively vo-
luminous spores which are very broad and rhom-
bic, furthermore by the numerous dermatocystidia
of the pileus and the extremely sparse pleurocys-
tidia which are not differentiated from the non-
ampullaceous cheilocystidia. Our Brazilian species
seems to be close to P. acutipilea (Speg.) Guzman,
from which it differs in colors and shape of the
carpophores as well as in broader spores and larger
cheilocystidia which are different in shape.

Melanotus decapitatus Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo dilute ochraceo in siccis, tomentoso, mar-
gine rotundato-incurvo, subcirculari, convexo, in
siccis 2-6 mm lato. Lamellis brunneis vel dilute
fuscis, confertis, mediocriter latis. Stipite sicco
ochraceo-brunneo, parvo, excentrico vel laterali.
Mycelio basali albo.

Sporis6-7 x 4.5-5.3 x 3.5-4.3 ^"1, rotundato-
subhexagonis frontaliter visis, poro germinativo
apicali, lato, truncato instructis, omnibus mani-
feste lentiformibus, levibus, umbrinis vel sordide
melleis. Hymenio: Basidiis 14-18 x 6.5-7 nm,
tetrasporis. Cystidiis nullis. Cheilocystidiis ad
aciem heteromorpham 10-30 x 3.5-6 ^im, apice
2-23 X 1.5-2.5 /nm cylindrico, fusoideo-ampul-
laceis, pedicellatis, apice filiformi vel attenuato,
hyalinis. Hyphis haud gelatinosis, fibulatis. Tra-
mate hymenophorali regulari, hyalino. Epicute pi-
lei ab hypodermio vix differente pigmento minus
incrustante, ex hyphis ascendentibus laxis, haud
gelatinosis efformata. Hypodermii hyphis quam
epicutis densius brunneo-incrustatis, pariete hy-
alina vel subhyalina.

Ad ramulos (apparenter Bambuseae cuiusdam).

Typus— Venezuela, Miranda, (near border of
Distrito Federal), La Silla, Asiento de la Silla, 18
VI 1971, Dumont Ve 135 (ny).

This differs from other tomentose species in the

SINGER: NEW TAXA OF AGARICALES

109

strongly lentiform spores and the ampullaceous
cheilocystidia. It also differs from M. caricicola
(Orton) Guzman in the absence of a gelatinized
zone undemeath the epicutis and the spores which
are subangular when seen frontally.

Melanotus dumontii Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo sicco pallide avellaneo, subpalhdo, leniter
et minutissime appresse fibrillosulo vel glabres-
cente, haud viscoso, haud sulcato, circumferentia
ovah, 3 mm lato. Lamellis subviolaceo-brunneis
vel fusco-brunneis in maturis, angustis, confertis
vel confertissimis, acie albis, adnatis. Stipite albo,
forma irregulari, saepe compresso, sublaterah, 1
X 0.5 mm. Velo marginah ad pileum juvenilem
sericeo, paUido, fugacissimo, ad stipitis apicem
tenui, haud annuhformi, fugaci. Myceho albo su-
pra substratum abundante. Carne albo.

Sporis 6-7 x 4.2-4.6 x 4-4.3 Mm, ellipsoideis
sed ad latus interius minus convexis, vix vel min-
ime lentiformibus, levibus, poro germinativo lato
truncato instructis, bene pigmentatis, sepiaceo-
fuscis (KOH), sed ammoniaci ope palUdioribus,
raro lateraUter visis subreniformibus. Hymenio:
Basidiis 13.5-15 x 6-6.5 nm, tetrasporis. Cysti-
diis nuUis. Cheilocystidiis ad aciem heteromor-
pham et prope aciem lamellarum numerosissimis,
20-38 X 4.8-6 ^.m ampuUaceis vel ampuUaceis-
subcapitatis, raro fusoideo-ventricosis, prope
marginem pilei frequentius subcapitatis, parte
ventricosa inferiore et apice tenui elongato, ven-
tricosis plerumque brevioribus, tenuitunicatis,
rarissime firme tunicatis, omnibus hyalinis, coUo
2-3 iim diam., capitulo 3.2-5.5 nm diam. Hyphis
fibulatis, in pileo frequenter moderatim inflatis sed
in nuUa parte subcellulariter dispositis, haud ge-
latinosis. Tramete hymenophorali regulari, hyali-
no. Epicute pilei cutiformi, ex hyphis filamentosis
horizontalibus 2-5 ^im diam. efformata, hyalina,
pigmento intraparietali et incrustante nuUo.

Ad culmos Chusqueae spec.

Typus— Colombia, Cundinamarca, between
Fomenque and Calera, 10 VII 1974, leg. Dumont,
Haines. Idrobo & Velasquez, Dumont CO 1008
(F).

The cheilocystidia are longer in this species than
in M. musacearum Sing.

Melanotus heteroloma Sing., sp>ec. nov.

Pileo brunneolo-albido, subpallido, levi, glabro
sed ad marginem subtomentoso, in parte poster-
iore saepe mycelio obtecto, convexo, obtuso, 5.5-
6.5 mm lato. Lamellis in siccis brunneis acie albis,
latis, confertis, rarius subconfertis, adnatis. Stipite
albo, albido, interdum siccando fuscescente, gla-
bro vel mycelioso, fortiter excentrico vel subla-
terali, saepe agglutinato ad lamellas et marginem
pilei, interdum curvato, usque ad 3 x 0.7 mm.
Mycelio basali albo, partim brunnescente siccan-
do. Velo nuUo.

Stipite (5-)5.2-5.5 x 4-4.5 x 3.5-3.8(-4) Mm,
ellipsoideis, ± lentiformibus, levibus, crassituni-
catis, poro germinativo lato, truncato instructis,
biso-melleis, (olivaeco-) fuscis. Hymenio: Basidiis
15-16 X 5.5-6.5 nm, (2-)4-sporis. Cystidiis nuUis.
Cheilocystidiis 17-30 x 3.5-6.5 Mm, ampuUaceis,
coUo 1.5-3 nm lato, frequenter, praesertim in re-
gione prope stipitem, clavicularibus vel subcapi-
tatis et sic ad ipsum apicem 2—4 /xm diam., ad
apicem saepe resinoso-incrustatis, incrustatione
hyalina, globulosa, caduca, numquam acutis, om-
nibus hyalinis. Hyphis haud gelatinosis, fibulatis,
subhyalinis vel pallide stramineis. Tramate hy-
menophorali regulari. Epicute pilei trichodermi-
ali, ex elementis ascendentibus et erectis hyphal-
ibus firme, rarius subcrasse tunicatis (pariete usque
ad 1 nm crassa), subhyalina, sed ex incrustatione
ochracea granulari ochraceis, 2-7.5 ^im latis effbr-
mata. Versus marginem pilei nec non ad aciem
lamellarum prope epicutem pilei (ad marginem)
cellulis terminalibus hypharum cystidiformibus;
his dermatocystidiis (aut cheilocystidiis secundi
typi) cheilocystidiis ceteris similibus, sed usque ad
35 /Lim longis et capitulo usque ad 5 ^m lato.

Ad ramum ligneum emortuum delapsum di-
cotyledoneum in silva tropicali-montana grega-
tim.

Typus— Bolivia, La Paz, Nor-Yungas, Coroico,
4 II 1956, Singer B 867 (holotype bafc; isotype
lil).

This species differs from related ones that grow
on dicotyledonous wood because of the small
spores, the lack of grayish colors, the trichodermial
epicutis, the incrusting pigments, the frequently
subcapitate cheilo- and dermatocystidia, and the
absence of pleurocystidia. Otherwise, M. matrisdei
Sing. is similar, but this latter species has strongly

110

FIELDIANA: BOTANY

lentiform spores and not or scarcely incrusting pig-
ments in epicutis and hypodermium.

Melanotus matrisdei Sing., spec. nov.

Piieo albo, in herbario brunnescente, macro-
scopice glabro, sub lente in margine sicco subto-
mentoso, levi, circumferentia subcirculari vel
rhombica vel ovali, convexo, dein repando, 6-12
mm lato. Lamellis dilute griseis vel lilaceo-griseis
in vegetis, in siccis brunneis, satis angustis vel latis,
acie pallidioribus, confertis vel subconfertis, ad-
natis. Sporis in massa brunneolo-lilaceis. Stipite
albo, in herbario brunnescente, macroscopice gla-
bro, e disco basali minuto sordide albo et subto-
mentoso nato, fortiter excenlrico et ad marginem
extremum pilei agglutinato. Velo in adultis nullo.
Mycelio basali albo.

Sporis 5-6.3 X 4-5 x 3—4 nm, frontaliter visis
breviter ellipticis, vel rotundato-rhombicis, for-
titer lentiformibus, laterahter visis elhpticis, lev-
ibus, poro germinativo lato, truncato instructis,
crasse tunicatis, episporio tenui sepiaceo, ceterum
biso-melleis (KOH), paucis macrosporis usque ad
7 X 4.7 ^m praesentibus. Hymenio: Basidiis 14-
1 8 X 5.5-7 ^m, tetrasporis. Cystidiis nuUis. Cheil-
ocystidiis primum versiformibus et filiformibus et
anguste ampullaceis vel anguste ventricosis vel
frequenter subcapitatis (constrictione 1-2 nm
diam., capitulo 2-4 nm diam.), 10-23 x 4-6 nm,
dein omnibus filiformibus vel plerumque filifor-
mibus, 1-2 nm latis, interdum usque ad 4 ^m
inflatis, hyalinis, frequenter longissimis, subhy-
phosis. Hyphis hyalinis, fibulatis, haud gelatinos-
is. Tramate hymenophorali regulari. Epicute pilei
cutiformi, hyalina vel subhyalina, ex hyphis an-
gustis, 2-5 fim crassis efformata, sat profunda, su-
perficialibus singulis vel fasciculatim ascendenti-
bus et interdum cellula terminali cystidiformi, his
dermatocystidiise.gr. 12 x 4.5Mm,cheilocystidiis
simillimis.

Ad quisquilias monocotyledoneas in silva tro-
picali inundabili (mox post inundationem rece-
dentem fructificans), gregatim.

Typus— Bolivia, Amazonas, Pando, Madre de
Dios, San Luis, 28 III 1956, Singer B 2313 (ho-
lotype, BAFc; isotype, lil).

This species belongs to a stirps which was com-
bined into a single species (A/. alpiniae [Berk.]
Pilat) by Horak (1977). It differs from the other

species in several characters and these other species
differ from each other by characters not taken into
consideration by Horak. Melanotus matrisdei is
the only one that grows in varzea conditions.

Melanotus musacearum Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo griseolo-albo vel subargillaceo-albo sem-
per subpallido, haud hygrophano, in siccis sub-
cinnamomeo-albo, haud viscido, margine incur-
vo, demum substricto, evelato, levi, glaberrimo,
1 5-2 1 mm lato, haud circulari sed subcirculari vel
rhombiformi vel ovato, saepe irregulari vel lobato,
convexo, demum frequenter applanato. Lamellis
griseis, confertis vel confertissimis, acie partim
pallidis, in siccis sepiaceo-fuscis e sporis, angus-
tis, adnato-subdecurrentibus. Stipite albo vel al-
bido, basin versus frequenter brunnescente, mac-
roscopice glabro vel subglabro, sed frequenter
mycelio albo usque ad apicem obtecto, sub lente
ad apicem subtiliter farinoso-subflocculoso, gla-
brescente, levi, subaequali, solido, 2-3.8 x 0.9-2
mm. Velo in juvenilibus ad apicem stipitis et mar-
ginem pilei albo sed summopere evanescente, fu-
gacissimo. Mycelio basali albo. Carne moderatim
tenui, alba, immutabili, inodora.

Sporis 5.3-7. 5(-8.2) x 4-5.5 x 3.8^.2 Mm(ma-
crosporis 7-8.2 x 5-5.5 x 5-5.5 ^m), ovatis vel
breviter ellipticis frontaliter visis, breviter ellip-
ticis vel ellipticis lateraliter visis, haud lentifor-
mibus vel nonnullis leniter lentiformibus, levibus,
moderatim crasse tunicatis, poro germinativo
truncato instructis, episporio subspadiceo tenui,
biso-melleis ceterum, nonnuUis subolivaceis
(KOH), in vegetis subviolaceis sec. Hohnel (HjO).
Hymenio: Basidiis 14-17 x 4.5-6.3 ixm, (2-)4-
sporis vel omnibus tetrasporis (et tunc macros-
poris haud praesentibus). Cystidiis nullis. Cheil-
ocystidiis( 10-) 13-23 x 2-6.5 /im, plerumque 16-
17.5 X 4-5.5 Atm, plerumque ampullaceis, inter-
dum filiformibus vel utriformibus vel fusoideis
intermixtis, apice plerqumque 2-3 ^m diam., raro
subcapitato vel subcylindraceis ex toto, omnibus
hyalinis, tenuitunicatis. Hyphis in pilei tramate
hyalinis, fibulatis, haud gelatinosis, tenuitunicatis,
paucis crassiuscule (usque ad 1 tim) tunicatis, in-
terlextis, nonnullis inflatis. Epicute pilei cutiformi,
hyalina, eius hyphis filamentosis, repentibus, pau-
cis ascendentibus; dermatocystidiis paucis, exi-
guis, e. gr. 8 X 3 ^m, ampullaceis, perpaucis in-
terdum subvesiculosis e. gr. 24 x 12 tim,
pedicellatis. Hypodermio cutiformi, ex hyphis

SINGER: NEW TAXA OF AGARICALES

111

subparallellis, haud incrustatis, in siccis brunneo-
lis sed pigmento haud incrustatis efformato.

Ad folia et stipulas Musacearum in silvis et
plantationibus tropicalibus gregatim.

TYPUS-Brazil, Bahia, Urucuca, 8 VI 1978,
Singer B 11144 (inpa). Additional coUections:
Mexico, Michoacan, San Jose de Purua, 1 500 m
alt., 8 VIII 1969, Singer M 8983 (f); "Java", Bui-
tenzorg, Hohnel (fh).

The coUection from Java is identified as M. mu-
sacearum with some doubt because the pileus was
described as grayish-white to grayish-violet and
sessile. Nevertheless, because of the identical mi-
croscopical characteristics and the habitat on Mu-
saceae, it seems to belong here, but M. bambusinus
Pat. should be compared. Melanotus musacearum
differs from M. musaecola (Berk. &. Curt.) Murr.
in narrow lamellae. The type ofM. musaecola has
broad, pale fuscous, adnexed lamellae. Both these
species are often confused with M. eccentricus
(Murr.) Sing.

Melanotus pecten (Berk. & Curt.), Sing. comb. nov.

^A&iONYM—Agaricuspecten Berk. «fe Curt., Ann.
Mag. Nat. Hist. III. 4: 291. 1859. This species is
close to M. psychotriae and M. subcuneiformi but
independent. I have studied the type (k). The
ochraceous spores remind one of Pleuroflammula.

Pholiota cortinata (D. C. ex Fr.) Sing., comb. nov.

BASiONYM—Agaricus cortinatus D. C. ex Fr.
(Syst. Myc. 1: 147. 1821) Epicrisis p. 186. 1838.
Our specimen [Spain, Catalonia, Col de Cera,
Vallromanes, on sandy earth, mixed with frag-
ments of roots of herbaceous plants and small
pieces of rotting wood, leg. Honrubia, 22 X 1979,
Singer C 9567 (f)] corresponds exactly and fully
to the original diagnoses and is to be considered
neotype of both De Candolle's and Fries's species,
i.e., De Candolle's, if the 1983 Code is applicable.
Fries is not a "sanctioning" author since he did
not recognize De Candolle's species as such in
1821 norin 1832.

Spores 5.5-6.5 x 3.5-3.7 /xm, smooth, some
with a nontruncate germ pore, chrysocystidia rath-
er numerous, hymenopodium differentiated but
scarcely gelatinized; epicutis, an ixotrichoder-

mium. These data refer P. cortinata to sect. Al-
bivelatae Smith & Hesler.

Pholiota irazuensis Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo atrobrunneo (prope "Vandyke Br" M«feP),
fortiter fibrilloso-squamuloso vel squamuloso-im-
bricato, convexo, in siccis subumbonato, 19 mm
lato. Lamellis dilute cameo-cremeis, lamellulis
paucis intermixtis, confertis, sat latis, adnatis.
Stipite dilute brunneo, longitudinaliter subtiliter
fibrilloso, cylindraceo, haud radicante, 40 x 4 mm.
Annulo nuUo. Mycelio basali albo. Carne alba.

Sporis 9-12.5 x (4_)4.5_6 fim, subellipsoideis
vel oblongis, raro leniter phaseoliformibus later-
aliter visis, depressione vel applanatione supra-
hilari instructis vel destitutis, poro minutissimo
vel callo apicali destitutis vel instructis sed
numquam truncatis, dilute ochraceo-brunneis, in-
amyloideis. Hymenio: Basidiis 25-29 x 8-8.5^111,
tetrasporis. Cystidiis ad aciem et latera lamellar-
um sat numerosis, ventricosis vel ampullaceis, in
ampuUaceis coUo brevi, rarius longo, frequenter
subcapitato, ventricosis ad apicem subacutis vel
frequentius obtusis, pariete 0.2-0.4 fim crassa in-
structis, ad apicem nonnumquam sparse murica-
tis, in NH4OH et KOH hyalinis, iodi ope contentu
brunneolo-hyalino gaudentibus. Hymenio in am-
monia crystallophoro (crystallis eis in Conocybe
tenera productis simillimis). Hyphis in tramate
hyalinis, fibulatis, sed nonnuUis septis secundariis
et paucis primariis simplicibus visis, omnibus ten-
uitunicatis, inamyloideis. Tramate hymenophor-
ali hyalino vel subhyalino (in siccis interdum pal-
lidissime fuscidulo), regulari. Hyphis oleiferis
praesentibus, ±4.5 fim latis. Epicute pilei ex hy-
phis aggregatis ascendentibus in squamas effor-
mata, his hyphis e cellulis elongatis, 5-1 5 nm latis,
firme, raro crassiuscule tunicatis, brunneis e pig-
mento intraparietali sed nuUo modo incrustante.
Hypodermio cutiformi, ex hyphis eis epicutis sim-
illimis efformato. Tegumento stipitis ex hyphis ap-
pressis vel ascendentibus efformato; dermatocys-
tidiis nuUis.

Ad terram vulcanicam prope quercum in zona
superiore subalpina.

Typus— Costa Rica, Cartago, Reventado Irazu,
3000 m alt., October 1982, Gomez 18580 (p).

This species belongs in subg. Plocoloma and is
related to P. blechni Sing. in Sing. & Moser.

112

FIELDIANA: BOTANY

Pholiota varzeae Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo femigineo ("henna" M&P), centro rubro-
brunneo vel brunneo-purpureo (inter "mascara"
et "Maracaibo" M&P), demum pallescente usque
ad dilutum alutaceum colorem, sicco, sub lente
subtiliter granulari-rivuloso, convexo et umbon-
ato, dein subumbonato vel centro depresso, 21-
30 mm lato. Lamellis griseis ("Cuban sand" vel
"atmosphere" M&P), fractu brunnescentibus ("kis
kihm" M&P), acie albis, confertis, adnatis vel ro-
tundato-adnatis. Sporis in massa paullum obscu-
rioribus quam "falcon" (M&P). Stipite albo, gla-
bro vel subglabro, sicco, subaequali vel leniter
apicem versus attenuato, sed ad basin plerumque
leniter incrassato nec bulboso, 22-46 x 2.5-7.5
mm. Velo annulari mediano, annulo haud sulcato,
albo, membranaceo. Rhizomorphis albis praesen-
tibus. Carne alba; odore et sapore mitibus.

Sporis 5.5-7.5(-9.5) x 3.7-4.3(^.7) fim, ovo-
ideis vel commae forma similibus vel cuneifor-
mibus, lateraliter visis subreniformibus vel
depressione suprahilari instructis, poro germina-
livo manifesto vel vix manifesto, semper angusto
et haud truncato munitis, in aqua et ammonia et
KOH ochraceis, sed in accumulationibus in KOH
laete ferrugineo-brunneis, guttula exigua globosa
centrali munitis, inamyloideis. Hymenio: Basidiis
14.2-20.5 X 5.5-7 nm, tetrasporis. Cystidiolis
sparsis vel numerosis, praesertim prope aciem la-
mellarum, 18-20 x 5.5-7.5^01, utriformibus,rar-
ius ventricoso-subclavatis, hyalinis, tenuiparietal-
ibus, 1-4 appendiculis digitiformibus apicalibus
omatis. Chrysocystidiis ad aciem et latera lamel-
larum sat numerosis, 26-30 x 7.5-15 nm, ven-
tricosis et saepe mucronatis, vel ampullaceis, cor-
pusculis granulosis in NH4OH flavis intemis
munitis, tenuitunicatis, rarius leniter crassiuscule
(usque ad 1 nm) tunicatis, parietibus hyalinis, rar-
ius pallide ochraceis, nonnullis ex eis ammoniae
ope caemlescentibus vel virescentibus. Cheilocys-
lidiis veris haud differentiatis. Hyphis fibulatis.
Tramate hymenophorali regulari ex hyphis hy-
alinis subparallelis vel intertextis effbrmato, hy-
menopodio haud gelatinoso ad latera obtecto.
Omnibus parietibus hyphamm tenuibus vel sat
tenuibus. Epicute pilei trichodermiali, e catenulis
cellulamm plemmque elongatamm cylindracear-
um vel ventricosamm vel clavatamm effbrmata,
sed ad apicem et basin catenae nonnullis cellulis
subglobosis e. gr. 10-13 x 8.5-1 1.7 /tm immixtis
(elongatis 26-33 x 7-12.5Mm). Hypodermiohaud
gelatinoso, cutiformi vel subtrichodermiali, hy-
alino vel partim debiliter pigmentato, cellulis non-

nullis subisodiametricis intercalatis. Pigmento in
ammonia ochraceo, intracellulari, numquam in-
cmstante. Strato velari epicuti superimposito in-
termittente, hyalino, cutiformiter fere disposito.

Ad lignum Palmamm et arbomm Dicotyledon-
um delapsum vel emortuum, in silva tropicali typi
varzeae (inundabili) gregatim.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, Parana do Janau-
aca, Lago do Castanho, 23 V 1 980, SingerB 12177
(F).

This species belongs in sect. Albivelatae and is
related to P. cubensis Earle.

Phaeomarasmius littoralis Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo dilute siennicolori, spinulis exiguis floc-
culosis erectis hirsuto, margine lanato-fibrilloso,
hic non squarmloso, sicco, semigloboso, dein con-
vexo, obtuso vel subumbonato, 7-1 1 mm lato.
Lamellis ochraceobmnneis, acie albidoflocculosis,
subconfertis vel mediocriter confertis, latissimis,
ventricosis, anguste adnexis. Stipite pileo pallid-
iore vel albido, nonnullis fibrillis bmnneis lanoso
sed glabrescente infra zonam annularem fugacem,
ad apicem glabro vel subglabro (tegumentis neque
stipitis neque pilei detersibilibus), aequali vel ba-
sin versus leniter attenuato, interdum ad ipsam
basin bulbuloso, 12-26 x 1-3.5 nm. Velo zonam
fibrosam vel lanosam mox fragmentatam for-
mante, dein haud manifesto.

Sporis 8.5-1 1 x 4.5-6 nm, ellipsoideo-phas-
eoliformibus, paucis ad latus interius haud con-
cavis sed applanatis, rarius oblongis, fermgineo-
ochraceo-brunneis, levibus, poro germinativo
subnullo vel inconspicuo, angusto, haud tmncato
instructis. Hymenio: Basidiis 18-29.3 x 7-9 nm,
hyalinis, nonnullis bmnneolis, tetrasporis. Cysti-
diis nullis. Cheilocystidiis ad aciem heteromor-
pham densis, 15-54 x 6.5-12 nm, utriformibus
vel clavatis, rarius late vel anguste ventricosis vel
ampullaceis, hyalinis, haud flexuosis, raro geni-
culatis, tenuitunicatis et optice "vacuis." Hyphis
fibulis grandibus instmctis, haud gelatinosis. Ep-
icute pilei: Spinulis e catenulis erectis parallelis
cellulamm ± elongatamm eflbrmatis, his cellulis
in parte superiore spinulamm omnibus elongatatis
et tenuiter pigmento incmstatis, cellula terminali
ellipsoidea et 28-48 x 1 2-2 1 ^im aut ampullacea
et e. gr. 40-55 x 18-21 /xm, aut cylindracea et e.
gr. 36^3 X 6.5-8 fim, in parte inferiore spinu-
lamm aut elongatis ut in parte superiore spinu-

SINGER: NEW TAXA OF AGARICALES

113

larum aut, rarius, nonnullis cellulis subisodiame-
tricis (e. gr. 20 x 15-17 nm) intermixtis, hic
incrustatione ferrugineo-brunneo magis conspi-
cua, in omnibus pigmento intraparietali etiam
praesente, pariete subtenui, raro incrassata.

Ad terram humoso-sabulosam frequenter Cy-
anophyceis permeatam, haud umbrosam et soli
expositam.

Typus— Costa Rica, Guanacaste, 7 km NW of
Bagaces, 80 m alt., October 1982, Gomez 18682
(f). Additional collection: same locality, 27 VII
l9S6,SingerB 14115(F).

This species belongs in the neighborhood of P.
limulatus (Fr. ex Weinm.) Sing. but has narrower
cheilocystidia; it also differs strongly in its habitat.

Phaeomarasmius mercedis Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo aurantio-cinnamomeo, minute brunneo
flocculoso, praesertim in centro, ad marginem
striato, convexo, obtuso, sicco, 6 mm lato. La-
mellis cinnamomeis, tenuiter pallide marginatis,
latis sed haud ventricosis, horizontalibus, medi-
ocriter confertis vel subconfertis, adnatis. Stipite
ochreo-alutaceo, fibrillis sparsis brunneolis infra
veli adhaesionem omato, ad apicem pruinato, ae-
quali, 7 X 0.7 mm. Velo annuliformi, annulo ap-
icali, tenui, pallide alutaceo, fugaci. Carne aluta-
ceo-pallida, tenui, inodora.

Sporis 7-7.8(-8) x 5-5.5 nm, ellipsoideis, pau-
cis ovoideis, rarissime ad latus interius lenissime
depressis, plerumque omnibus lateribus convexis,
sed interdum applanatione suprahilari, raro
depressione suprahilari instructis, levibus, poro
calloque apicalibus destitutis, dilute ochraceo-
brunneis, episporio tenui brunneo et endosporio
hyalino instructis, tunica tota usque ad 0.5 nm
crassa, inamyloideis. Hymenio: Basidiis 18-19 x
6-6.7 nm, 2-3-sporis. Cystidiis nullis. Cheilocys-
tidiis ad aciem heteromorpham 1 9-5 1 x 4-8 nm,
anguste ventricosis vel utriformibus (i.e., supra
medium leniter constrictis), hyalinis, tenuituni-
catis. Hyphis haud gelatinosis, fibulatis. Tramate
hymenophorali ochraceo-hyalino vel hyalino
(NH4OH), regulari, hyphis plerumque filamento-
sis. Epicute pilei trichodermiali, e catenulis cel-
lularum hypharum efformata, his in parte inferiore
trichodermii anguste cylindraceis vel inflatis sed
elongatis( 14-45 x 4-22 /um), cellulis terminalibus
autem dimorphis (1) sphaerocystoideis 18-23 x
15-18 nm, pariete firma, haud crassa, brunneolo-

incrustatis, (2) cylindraceis vel clavatis, rarius ap-
icem versus attenuatis 21-25 x 6-8.5 nm, pariete
firma vel crassiuscula (usque ad 1.2 nm crassa),
plerumque brunneolo-incrustata. Hypodermio
cutiformi, tenui, ex hyphis elongatis, 3-6 nm latis,
± brunneolo-incrustatis effbrmato.

Ad terram inter muscos, in silva tropicali-mon-
tana.

Typus— Colombia, Cundinamarca, Bojaca,
Bosque de la Mercedes, 8 IV 1968, Singer B 6023

(F).

This species seems intermediate between sev-
eral groups of the genus Phaeomarasmius because
the hyphae of the epicutis are both thin- and thick-
walled and the terminal cells are either globose or
elongated. It seems to be related to P. malvacear-
um Sing. and Pholiota minutula Smith & Hesler.

Phaeomarasmius microspilus (Romagnesi ex
Romagn. apud Romagn. & KUhner) Sing.,
comb. nov.

Basionym— A^aMCcna microspila Romagn., ex
Romagn. apud Romagn. & Kiihn., Bull. Soc. Nat.
Oyonnax 10-1 1, Mem. hors serie 2: 5. 1957.

Phaeomarasmius oligosporus Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo mustelino vel rufo-castaneo, per tres quar-
tas partes radii pellucide striato, haud viscoso,
± subhygrophano, convexo, obtuso, interdum
umbilicato, 10-15 mm lato. Lamellis ferrugineo-
ochraceis vel brunneis, subconfertis, mediocriter
latis vel latis, pallide marginatis linea intermit-
tente sub lente, adnatis. Stipite brunneo sed pal-
lidiore quam pileus, subglabro, aequali vel subae-
quali, 18-30 x 1.7-5 mm. Velo primum
annuliformi vel subannuliformi, in stipite apicali,
in pileo flocculoso-fibrilloso per totam superfi-
ciem, albo vel albido, in juvenilibus abundante,
dein sparso, annulo fugaci, in adultis pileo et stip-
ite subnudo vel fragmentis appressis veli obtecto.
Mycelio basali albido, lanoso, abundante. Carne
inodora.

Sporis 6.7-8.5 x 4.2-6 ^"1 (nonnuUis macros-
poris usque 10.5 tim longisaut 7.2 nm latis), multis
lentiformibus, frontaliter ellipticis vel ovatis, la-
teraliter reniformibus vel inverse reniformibus vel
depressione suprahilari gaudentibus, levibus, poro
germinativo destitutis, pro ratione haud crasse

114

FIELDIANA: BOTANY

timicatis, episporio tenui, brunneo et endosporio
subhyalino instructis, in KOH colore Tubariarum
gaudentibus sed nonnuUis melius pigmentatis et
ochraceobrunneis, haud collabentibus, inamyloid-
eis. Hymenio: Basidiis 14-28 x 4.5-7.5 fim, 1-2-
3-4-sporis vel 1-2-sporis, (tetrasporis semper pro
ratione paucis), sterigmatibus (3.5-)6-7 nm longis,
sed in tetrasporis brevioribus, in monosporis 1 0-
1 7 nm longis et simplicibus aut bifurcatis. Cysti-
diisnuUis. Cheilocystidiis(18-)35-74 x (4-)5.5-
7 ^m, utriformibus, ventricosis, filamentosis, ob-
tusis, raro subacutis, hyalinis, tenuitunicatis, acie
lamellarum ex eis subheteromorpha (basidiis in-
termixtis). Hyphis hyalinis vel pallide ochreis, haud
gelatinosis, in pileo radialiter dispositis, in stipite
subparallelis. Tramate hymenophorali regulari, ex
hyphis 2.3-6 nm latis, sed hinc inde usque ad 18
/xm inflatis. Epicute pilei e cellulis breviusculis vel
subisodiametricis (raro), singularibus vel fascicu-
latis, paucis angustioribus fusoideis (e. gr. 22 x 6
^m) intermixtis sed plerumque 1 1-28 x 7-16 fim,
ventricosis vel clavato-ventricosis, rotundatis,
rarius mucronatis monostratis vel hinc inde bis-
tratis efformato, omnibus his pariete firma vel sub-
crassiuscula, rarius tenui praeditis et permultis ex
eis manifeste pigmento brunneo incrustatis. Hy-
podermio cutiformi, ex hyphis subintertextis, sub-
horizontalibus vel horizontalibus, cylindraeceis vel
inflatis, aequaliter pigmentatis effbrmato. Tegu-
mento stipitis e nonnullis hyphis ascendentibus
effbrmato, in medio stipitis dermatocystidiis nul-
hs.

Ad lignum putridum dicotyledoneum in silva
tropicali vel subtropicali, solitario vel gregatim.

adnatis vel adnato-subdecurrentibus. Sporis in
massa dilute cinnamomeo-ferrugineis. Stipite cin-
namomeo-pallido, glabro, annulato, aequali, 1 2 x
1.2 mm. Annulo albo, membranaceo, apicali.
Carne inodora.

Sporis 6.5-8.5 x 4.7-6 nm, plerumque 8-8.5
X 5-5.3 nm, ellipsoideis, depressione suprahilari
praeditis et frequenter subreniformibus, levibus,
pariete pro ratione tenui, duplici, inamyloidea in-
structis, ochraceo-brunneolis. Hymenio: Basidiis
21-33 X 6-8.5 fim, tetrasporis. Cystidiis nullis.
Cheilocystidiis e. gr. 24-26 x 7-8.5 /im, admodum
versiformibus, prope marginem pilei saepe brev-
iter basidiomorphis vel subampullaceis, alii, prae-
cipue stipitem versus majoribus, 45-54 x 7.5-1 1
^m, ad basin frequenter ventricosis et sub apicem
claviformem constrictis (constrictione 4-6 /xm
diam.), hyalinis. Hyphis fibulatis, haud gelatinos-
is. Epicute pilei ex hyphis repentibus vel in parte
terminali ascendentibus 2-16(-20) nm latis, for-
titer pigmento ferrugineo-ochraceo-brunneo in-
crustatis, praesertim ad septa, elongatis vel subfi-
liformibus effbrmata; ceterum, marginem versus
dermatocystidiis sat numerosis 26-28 x 6-7 /nm,
versiformibus, e. gr. clavatis vel cylindraceis vel
vesiculosis vel ampullaceis vel capitatis (et tunc
capitulo usque ad 8 ^m diam.), hyalinis, haud in-
crustatis. Hypodermio brunneo, pigmento incrus-
tato.

Ad terram inter herbas et gramina in pascuis
apertis palustribus (marshes).

Typus— Uruguay, Maldonado, 27 V 1966,
Singer B 4181 (bafc).

Typus— Brazil, Sao Paulo, Serra de Cantareira,
Reserva Florestal do Horto Florestal, 1 7 XII 1 964,
Singer B 4122 (f). Additional collection: Bolivia,
Beni, Vaca Diez, Riberalta, aU. 1 70 m, 30 III 1 956,
Singer B 2355 (bafc, lil).

This species is related to P. confragosuliformis
Sing. and by its characters shows clearly the affinity
between the tubarioid and naucorioid species of
the genus Phaeomarasmius.

This species is related to P. terrigenus Sing. and
differs from the latter in a well-developed annulus
and longer cheilocystidia.

Phaeomarasmius proximans (Smith & Hesler)
Sing., comb. nov.

Basionym— Pholiota proximans Smith & Hes-
ler, N. Am. Spec. Phol. p. 70. 1968.

Phaeomarasmius pascuus Sing., spec. nov.

Phaeomarasmius terrigenus Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo ochraceo-brunneo vel rufocastaneo, in-
nate subtiliter fibrilloso sub lente sed macro-
scopice glabro vel subglabro, convexo, obtuse sub-
papillato, margine sublobato, 8 mm lato. Lamellis
brunneis, albo-marginatis, sat latis, subconfertis.

Pileo ochraceo-brunneo, hygrophano, in siccis
fibrillis appressis ochraceo-brunneolo-pallidis per
totam superficiem obtecto, haud viscoso, levi,
convexo, in siccis subumbilicato, 4-6 mm lato.
Lamellis siccis intense ferrugineis, in vegetis pileo

SINGER: NEW TAXA OF AGARICALES

115

concoloribus, latissimis, subdistantibus, adnatis.
Stipite pileo aut lamellis concolori, glabro vel
subglabro, aequali, 15-25 x 0.8 mm. Annulo nul-
lo. Carne inodora vel subinodora.

Sporis6-7 x 4.3 x 4.8Mniebasidiistetrasporis,
7.5 X 5.5 nm e basidiis bisporis, pariete pro ra-
tione tenui (0.3-0.4, raro usque ad 0.5 nm crassa),
levi, poro germinativo haud truncato vel subtrun-
cato vel perangusto vel moderatim lato instructis,
ellipsoideis vel ovoideis, episporio subatro et tenui
(NH4OH), endosporio subhyalino, NaOH ope
brunneis sed supra hyphas pigmentatas laete cin-
namomeo-ferrugineis in superpositione, inamy-
loideis. Hymenio: Basidiis 15-22 x 5.5-9 nm, bi-
vel tetrasporis. Cystidiis nuUis. Cheilocystidiis ad
et prope aciem lamellarum 22-30 x 6-8(-10) nm,
utriformibus vel subampuUaceis, tenuitunicatis,
hyalinis. Pseudoparaphysibus ad et prope aciem
lamellarum 18.5-28 x 10-13 fim, sat numerosis.
Hyphis fibulatis, haud gelatinosis. Tramete hy-
menophorali regulari. Epicute pilei cutiformi ex
hyphis subfilamentosis, subtiliter flavido-incrus-
tatis granularibus effbrmato. Hypodermio cutifor-
mi, ex hyphis latis, ventricosis, cellulis breviter
elongatis, pigmento ferrugineo incrustatis effor-
mato.

Ad terram arenosam et humosam prope flumen
gregatim.

Typus— Mexico, Xalapa, near Rio Aserradero
at Tlilapan, 24 VI 1969, Singer M 8198 (f).

Phaeomarasmius malvacearum Sing. in Sing. «&.
Digilio and P. pascuus Sing. are related.

Stipite albo, subaurantio, in siccis brunneo, basin
versus attenuato, 70 x 7 mm. Annulo nuUo. Carne
in siccis submiti.

Sporis 5.7-6.2 x 4-4.5 nm, ellipsoideis, ple-
rumque depressione exigua suprahilari gaudenti-
bus, inamyloideis, fortiter verruculoso-echinula-
tis, omamentatione 0.2-0.5 nm alta, ferrugineo-
brunnea supra episporium ochreum conspicua ob-
tectis. Hymenio: Basidiis 20-21 x 6-6.5 nm, te-
trasporis. Cystidiis sparsis ad latera et aciem la-
mellarum, 15-26 x 9-13.5 nm, ventricoso-
subvesiculosis, plerumque fulvis interdum mu-
crone exiguo, acuto, apicali omatis. Cheilocysti-
diis aut clavatis, interdum duobus appendicibus
apicalibus digitiformibus omatis, 22-25 x 8-8.5
^m, aut ventricosis vel ventricoso-ampuUaceis,
hyalinis vel pigmentatis, 20-29 x 8-10.5 ^im aut
utriformibus, e. gr. 25 x 6 aut ampullaceis et mi-
noribus, plemmque hyalinis, 14-16 x 5.5-6.5 Mm.
Hyphis flavidis, fibulatis, inter septa frequenter
latis (45-55 x 25-30 nm), haud gelatinosis. Tra-
mate hymenophorali regulari. Hyphis oleiferis in-
tense luteis, 3.5-4.5 nm latis. Epicute pilei tenui,
cutiformi, ex hyphis laxis sed haud gelatinosis,
filamentosis, 1.2-2.7 nm latis effbrmata. Hypod-
ermio cutiformi, ex hyphis 3-10 nm latis, non-
nullis brunneo-granuloso-incrustatis effbrmato.
Tegumento stipitis ad extremum apicem eius tan-
tum praesente et e nonnullis dermatocystidiis e.
gr. 22 X 9 jum et ventricosis vel ventricoso-su-
bampullaveis, hyalinis vel pigmentatis aut e. gr.
15x3 nm, inconspicuis, subfusoideis, saepe cur-
vatis, hyalinis effbrmato.

Ad tmncos arbomm delapsamm dicotydelo-
neamm sub quercubus in quercetis tropicali-mon-
tanis.

CORTINARIACEAE Roze

Alnicola fusispora (Velen.) Sing., comb. nov.

BASiONYM—Galerafusispora Velen., Opera Bot.
Czech. 4: 70. 1947.

Typus— Costa Rica, Alajuela, San Ramon, Cer-
ro Tinaja, 1500 m alt., Augusto 1981, Gomez
17916 (F).

Gymnopilus terraefirmae Araujo and G. heter-
ocheilus Araujo, both at present not validly pub-
lished, are related but evidently quite different.

Gymnopilus pachycystis Sing., spec. nov.

Galerina majalis Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo aureo-aurantio, subglabro, nudo, subni-
tido, levi, in siccis bmnneo, convexo, obtuso, 35
mm lato. Lamellis aurantiaco-fermgineis, siccan-
do magis bmnneis, sat latis, confertis, sinuato-ad-
natis vel sinuato-adnexis, lineis decurrentibus.

Pileo ochraceo-bmnneo, lenissime subviscido
tempore humido, fortiter hygrophano, in maculis
insularibus siccante, demum (margine postremo)
omnino pallescente dehydratione, glabro, persis-
tenter convexo, sed centro mox umbilicato, mar-

116

FIELDIANA: BOTANY

gine extremo demum recurvato, initio incurvo,
per 1 mm a margine sulculato pellucideque striato,
30-35 mm lato. Lamellis dilute cinnamomeo-
brunneis, acie haud discolori, confertis, sat mod-
eratim latis, adnatis. Stipite fuligineo-biso, apice
brunneolo-hyalino, in vegetis innate pallide seri-
ceo partim, sed in siccis subglabro, aequali sed basi
incrassata vel subbulbosa, 31-33 x 3-3.5 mm, ad
basin usque ad 6 mm diam. Velo annuliformi,
annulo apicali vel mediano, vix conspicuo, sub-
tiliter fibrilloso, pallidissime brunneolo, brunneo-
lo-paHido. Mycelio basali albo. Carne, superficie-
bus subconcolori sed palhdiore, immutabili. Odore
fungoide, haud farinoso.

Sporis 8.3-8.8 x 4.3-5 fim, ovoideis vel ellip-
soideis, subtiliter sed manifeste verruculosis, zona
levi suprahilari bene evoluta et limitata gauden-
tibus, perisporio manifesto sed raro separante,
pseudoamyloideis. Hymenio: Basidiis tetrasporis.
Cystidiis sparsis, 45-55 x 11-14.5 fim, ampul-
laceis, collo sat longo, 4-5 nm diam., apice ple-
rumque leniter subcapitato (5.5-7 fim diam.) in-
structis, hyalinis vel flavis, ex toto
tenuiparietalibus. Cheilocystidiis haud differentia-
tis. Hyphis omnibus haud gelatinosis, haud in-
crustatis pigmento, flavidis, nonnullis flavido-hy-
alinis (KOH), fibulatis. Tramate hymenophorali
flavido, regulari, multis hyphis inflatis. Epicute pi-
lei tenui, cutiformi, haud gelatinosa, ex hyphis fi-
lamentosis effbrmata; dermatocystidiis praesen-
tibus sed sat raris, e. gr. 36 x 3.5 ^m, fusiformibus,
obtusis, hyalinis, firme tunicatis.

Ad terram prope truncum quercinum in silva.

Typus— USA, Illinois, Cook County, Harms
Woods, 26 V 1984, Singer N 4121 (f).

This species is related to G. marginata (Fr.)
Kiihner and G. physispora Sing. The former, iden-
tical with Galera conigena Velen. (type, pr), differs
from G. majalis in slightly larger spores, rarely
subcapitate cystidia, rarely subbulbous stipe, far-
inaceous odor, habitat, and later fruiting. The lat-
ter differs in differentiated cheilocystidia, incrust-
ed cystidia which are not entirely hyaline and not
frequently subcapitate, the lighter color of the stipe
and the lignicolous habitat. Galerina unicolor (Fr.)
Sing. differs in shape and diameter of the pileus,
has a different epicutis and slightly larger spores.
Galerina marginata occurs in Michigan and Illi-
nois, generally in late fall, and very often on trunks
of Acer and Fagus; it is poisonous, containing
amanitin.

Galerina oligocalyptrata Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo ochraceo-brunneo, inter strias pallidiore,
glabro, nudo, pellucide striato per tres quartas
partes radii, campanulato-conico, saepe papillato
5 mm alto et 4.5-5 lato. Lamellis ferrugineo-
ochraceis vel ferrugineo-brunneis, distantibus (10-
1 3 lamellis percurrentibus), albo-marginatis, satis
angustis vel mediocriter latis, primum ascenden-
tibus, adnatis vel late adnexis. Stipite uniformiter
colorato, nonnihil pileo pallidiore, albo-pruinoso
in quarto superiore tantum, evelato, aequali, 21
X 0.8 mm. Carne tenui, inodora.

Sporis 8.5-11.5 x 5.5-7.5 nm, plerumque 9-
10 X 5.5-6.7 fim, ellipsoideis, perpaucis frontal-
iter rotundato-rhombicis vel ovatis, plerumque
manifeste zona levi limitata suprahilari instructis,
subtiliter asp)erulatis vel levissimis in circumfer-
entia, omamentatione ferruginea supra superfi-
ciem episporialem levem vel longitudinaliter sub-
rugosam punctiformi, vix projiciente sed manifesta
instructis, pariete crassa (1-1.5 nm) pseudoamy-
loidea gaudentibus, paucioribus quam 50% bi- vel
uni-auriculariter uni- vel bi-calyptratis e peris-
porio. Hymenio: Basidiis 22-24 x 8-9.5 fim, (bi-)
vel tetrasporis. Cystidiis nullis. Cheilocystidiis
ad aciem heteromorpham lamellarum 22-37 x
5.5-6.5 nm (quatruplo vel sexies longioribus dia-
metro), basin versus frequenter ventricosis, su-
peme longe effilatis et 1.5-3.5 fim diam., ad api-
cem ipsum aequalibus, claviculatis vel
subacapitatis, et si in apice dilatata sunt, ibi 2.8-
5.5 tim diam., omnibus tenuitunicatis et hyalinis.
Hyphis tramatis pilei et hymenophori regularis
pallide flavidis, haud gelatinosis, fibulatis. Epicute
pilei intermittente, cutiformi, tenui, haud gelati-
nosa. Hypodermio cutiformi, ex hyphis 4-10 tim
latis, pigmento fermgineo incmstatis effbrmato.
Tegumento stipitis ad apicem stipitis e dermato-
cystidiis cheilocystidiis simillimis effbrmato.

Inter muscos et Hepaticas in quercetis tropicali-
montanis solitario.

Typus— Colombia, Boyaca, Acabuco, 28 VII
\960,SingerB 3571 {¥).

This species is close to G. subcerina Smith &
Sing. and G. austrocalyptrata Smith & Sing. It dif-
fers from the former especially in narrower cheil-
ocystidia and lamellae, and the habitat; it differs
from G. austrocalyptrata in hyaline cheilocystidia,
broader spores and habitat (not growing on wood).
It is different from both in being strictly tropical

SINGER: NEW TAXA OF AGARICALES

117

as well as in the presence of but few calyptrate
spores. A coUection from Costa Rica, Alajuela,
Volcan Poas, 25 VII 1986, Singer B 14522, F,
differs very slightly in less distinctly punctate and
somewhat smaller (8.5-10 x 5-6 Mm) spores and
cheilocystidia (22-30 x 4.5-6 nm). It is certainly
conspecific with G. oligocalyptrata.

Galerina sequoiae Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo ochraceo-brunneo (colore G. hypnorum
approximante 5 D 5 vel 5 D 7, aut 6 D 8 vel 7 E
7 Mu), hygrophano, centro vel in sulcis frequenter
pallidiore, e. gr. alutaceo-pallido, glabro, longe
striato-sulculato, haud viscido, campanulato, ob-
tuso vel subumbonato, 3-5 mm alto et lato. La-
mellis ochraceo-brunneis, acie pallidis, latis, sub-
distantibus vel distantibus, plerumque ventricosis,
adnexis. Stipite dilute ochraceo-brunneo et ad ap-
icem plerumque pallide stramineo, aequali vel ba-
sin versus subattenuato, glabro sed ad apicem sub-
tiliter pruinoso, evelato, 10-21 x 0.6-1 mm. Velo
subnullo in maturis, in juvenilibus albo, tenui,
fragmentato, inconspicuo sub lente visibili. Carne
tenui, brunneolo-pallida vel alutaceo-pallida, im-
mutabili, inodora.

Sporis 8-11 X 4.5-6 ^im, plerumque 9-10.5 x
± 5.5 iim, sporis paucis majoribus (usque ad 12
X 5.5 ^im) interdum praesentibus, ellipsoideo-su-
bamygdaliformibus vel fusoideis, rarius ellipso-
ideis, Q = ± 2 vel 1.7, in sporis maximis 2.4,
omamentatione admodum subtili punctulatis aut
saepe subnulla gaudentibus, sed 25%-80% auri-
formiter e perisporio calyptratis, zona levi bene
limitata suprahilari plerumque visibili, callo, raro
poro munitis, brunneo-ferrugineis in KOH (ju-
venilibus flavidis). Hymenio: Basidiis 18.5-22 x
6.3-8.5 pLm, tetrasporis. Cystidiis nullis. Cheilo-
cystidiis 27.5-40 x 2.5-7 /im, anguste utrifor-
mibus vel subampullaceis vel subulatis vel filifor-
mibus, raro subcapitatis vel claviculatis, in acie
lamellarum heteromorpha saepe paucis cheilocys-
tidiis alii typi (clavato-ventricosis, brevioribus, e.
gr. 13 x 6 /xm) intersF)ersis, omnibus hyalinis,
tenuitunicalis. Hyphis fibulatis, haud gelatinosis,
in tramate hymenophorali regulari hyalinis. Epi-
cute pilei cutiformi, haud gelatinosa, ex hyphis
horizontalibus, paucis, plerumque filamentosis,
horizontalibus, levibus effbrmata. Hypodermio
cutiformi, pigmentato, ex hyphis latioribus efl!br-
mato, pigmento incrustante, ochraceo-brunneo vel
ferrugineo-brunneo. Tegumento apicis stipitis e
dermatocystidiis numerosis cheilocystidiis simil-

limis effbrmato; infra zonam apicalem dermato-
cystidiis nullis.
Ad truncos Sequoiae in silva, hiemalis, gregaria.

Typus— USA, Califomia, Samuel Taylor Park,
6 II 1982, leg. Mackler, Singer, & Vergeer, Singer
N 5005 (f). Additional collection: same locality,
January 1983, Singer N 5110 (f); same locality,
January 19S4, Mackler & Vergeer(F).

This species belongs in sect. Calyptrospora. Gal-
erinafallax Smith & Sing. is related but differs in
shorter spores, larger carpophores, more strongly
pigmented stipe, somewhat broader cheilocysti-
dia, yellow incrusted hyphae in the hymenophoral
trama, host, and geographic area. The preceding
species, G. oligocalyptrata Sing., belonging in the
same section as G. sequoiae, has similar habit and
colors when seen macroscopically, but habitat and
pigmentation are different. Galerina cerina var.
longicystis Smith & Sing. with likewise less con-
sistently calyptrate spores differs in cystidial char-
acters and habitat. Galerina sahleri var. sequoiae
Smith & Sing. has the same habitat as G. sequoiae,
but differs in larger spores, darker center of the
pileus, incrusted tramal hyphae, larger cheilocys-
tidia, and dark reddish brown base of stipe.

Galerina tatrensis Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo ochraceo-brunneo, inter strias ochraceo-
brunneas pallidiore, glabro, pecculide striato et
sulcato, campanulato, obtuso, haud viscoso, 7-7.5
mm alto et lato. Lamellis bmnneolo-ochraceis,
mediocriter latis, distantibus, rotundato-adnatis.
Stipite melleo-bmnneolo, glabro et nudo, sed ap-
ice (per tertiam vel quartam partem stipitis) pmi-
noso, aequali, subflexuoso, ± 40 x 1 mm. Velo
nullo. Carne subinodora.

Sporis 13-14.5(-17) x 6.5-8(-9) /im, amygdal-
iformibus, apice saepe mucronatis rostratis, mod-
eratim bene pigmentatis, bmnneolo-ochraceis, in-
amyloideis, omamentatione vermculoso-punctata
manifesta sed vix obscuriore gaudentibus et ex ea
circumferentia leniter aspemla, perisporio incon-
spicuo, applicato obtectis, zona levi suprahilari
bene limitata instmctis. Hymenio: Basidiis 1 8-28
X 7-7.5 iim bisporis, paucis monosporis. Cystidiis
ad aciem lamellamm numerosissimis, ad latera
numerosis, 42-78 x 12-19Mm,ampullaceis, apice
20-30 X 4-5.5 ^ixn, cylindrico vel attenuato, ob-
tuso, raro leniter subcapitato (usque ad 5.5 /xm
diam.), ex toto tenuitunicatis, ad apicem raro

118

FIELDIANA: BOTANY

ochraceis, ceterum hyalinis. Cheilocystidiis haud
differentiatis. Hyphis fibulatis. Tramate hymen-
ophorah regulari, ochraceo, pigmento certis in lo-
cis incrustante, ochraceo. Epicute pilei hyahna,
haud gelatinosa, tenui, cutiformi, ex hyphis fiU-
formibus vel moderatim tenuibus, nonnulHs ex eis
lenissime incrustatis efformata. Hypodermio cu-
tiformi, ex elementis latioribus, obscurioribus e
pigmento incrustante magis abundante efformato.
Dermatocystidiis ad marginem extremum pilei
visis et cystidiis hymeniahbus identicis. His etiam
ad apicem stipitis praesentibus.

Ad ramulos et radices putridas Pini mugo Turra
in zona alpina inferiore inter Polytricha.

TYPUS-Slovakia (CSSR), Skalnate Pleso, 1930
m alt., 5 IX 1974, Singer C 5881 (f).

This species belongs in sect. Galerina, stirps
Minima, since it has a stipe which is pruinate only
at the apex. It is evidently close to Galerina lon-
ginqua Smith «&. Sing., but differs in less bright
colors and somewhat larger spores, also in not at
all gelatinous cutis, in incrusting pigment of the
hypodermium and the lignicolous habitat. In ad-
dition, the carpophores are somewhat more slen-
der than in G. longinqua.

CREPIDOTACEAE (Imai) Sing.
Melanomphalia leucocephala Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo albo, sicco, levi, macroscopice glabro, sub
lente appresse sericeo, convexo, 5.5 mm lato. La-
mellis ochraceo-luteis, haud venosis sed F>eran-
gustis, subconfertis, paucis lamellulis intermixtis,
arcuatis, subdecurrentibus. Stipite albo, glabro,
sicco, solido(?), aequali, 8.5 x 2.5 mm. Velo nullo.
Mycelio basali sparso. Carne alba, partim flavido-
ochrea, succosa, immutabili, inodora.

Sporis 5-7 X 3.3-5 nm, ellipsoideis vel breviter
ellipsoideis, paucis subglobosis, subtiliter mar-
moratis, sublevibus, pariete 0.2-0.4 tim crassa
subheterogenea instructis, brunneolo-ochraceis vel
cinnamomeo-ochraceis (NH4OH), inamyloideis.
Hymenio: Basidiis 12.5-22 x 5.3-7.2 fim, 2-3-4-
sporis, plerumque tetrasporis, frequenter una cum
spora voluminosa et tribus parvis. Cystidiis nullis;
cystidiolis basidiomorphis sparsis(?). Cheilocys-
tidiis ad aciem lamellarum basidiis interspersis,
cystidioliformibus, basidiomorphis, sed interdum
irregularibus, et tunc cylindraceis vel ventricosis.

hyalinis, 9.5-25 x 3-7.5 /nm^interdumcorpusculo
intemo hyalino praeditis. Hyphis plerumque fi-
lamentosis, nonnullis inflatis usque ad 15 nm
diam., fibulatis, haud gelatinosis, inamyloideis.
Tramate hymenophorali regulari, subhyalino
(NH4OH). Epicute pilei cutiformi, haud gelati-
nosa, ex hyphis filamentosis plerumque radiatim
dispositis, 1-2.5 nm diam., tenuitunicatis, haud
gelatinosis, in fasciculis densis aggregatis atque
dissociatis efformata. Dermatocystidiis raris, spar-
sis, versiformibus, 7.5-13 x 5.7 um, saepe cylin-
draceis, ventricosis, clavatis, utriformibus. Hy-
podermio epicute simili sed hyphis latioribus.

Ad truncum putrescentem quercinum in Quer-
ceto tropicali-montana solitario.

Typus— Costa Rica, Cartago, San Gerardo, 3000
m alt., 3 VIII 1981, Singer B 12656 (f).

Simocybe albovelutina Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo albo, dense velutino-pubescente, dein
strato velutino fracto et floccoso, inter flocculos
brunnescente, levi, demum haud manifeste stria-
to, convexo, obtuso, 1.5-2.5 mm lato. Lamellis
dilute brunneis, acie albis, mediocriter latis, me-
diocriter distantibus, adnexis. Stipite albo, dense
albo-fibrilloso, aequali vel leniter apicem versus
attenuato, obliquo vel erecto, 0.4-0.8 x 0.2-0.3
mm. Velo in adultis nullo, sed in juvenilibus fi-
brillis stipitis cum pubescentia marginis pilei con-
tinuis. Mycelio basali albo.

Sporis 6-6.5(-7) x 4— 4.5(-5) ^m, ellipsoideis,
ad latus interius convexis, rarius applanatis, rar-
issime subdepressis, lateraliter visis ellipticis vel
cuneiformibus, apicaliter haud mucronatis nec
poro germinativo instructis, ochraceo-brunneis,
levibus, inamyloideis. Hymenio: Basidiis 12-13 x
6-6.5 nm, tetrasporis, primum clavatis, dein late
clavatis. Cystidiis nuUis, sed nonnullis basidiolis
sterilibus et demum cystidioliformibus, late cla-
vatis vel breviter clavato-subventricosis. Cheilo-
cystidiis 25-30 x 3.8-7 fim, cylindraceis sed ple-
rumque leniter constrictis sub clavicula apicali 4-
5 /um diam., saepe ad basin iterum leniter incras-
satis, constrictione 2—4 nm diam., omnibus hy-
alinis, haud incrustatis, tenuitunicatis, ad aciem
lamellarum fasciculatis. Hyphis hyalinis, haud ge-
latinosis, fibulatis. Epicute pilei primum subhy-
meniformi, e dermatocystidiis et pilis filamentosis
densis erectis eflbrmata, sed dein disrupta, fasci-
culis e paucioribus dermatocystidiis et numero-
sioribus pilis efformatis; inter pilos et dermato-

SINGER: NEW TAXA OF AGARICALES

119

cystidia nonnullis catenulis cellularum erectis
praesentibus, cellulis e. gr. 10 x 7.5 nm et vesi-
culosis. Dermatocystidiis cheilocystidiis similibus
vel ampuUaceis, hyalinis; pihs frequenter longior-
ibus, filamentosis, interdum ad basin incrassatis,
pariete tenui, hyahna, sed granuhs hyahnis in-
crustatis, 1.8-4 fim diam. Tegumento stipitis ep-
icuti pilei simili.
Ad lignum gregatim.

Typus— Venezuela, Monagas, Caripe, near
Cueva del Guacharo, 18 VII 1972, leg. Dumont.
Cain, Samuels & Morillo, Dumont VE 5310 (ny).

This species is somewhat related to S. amazon-
ica Sing. but difFers in smaller carpophores and
granular-incrusted hairs.

Simocybe alneti Sing., spec. nov.

Piieo griseo-brunneo ("adobe" M&P), macro-
scopice glabro, in siccis dilute brunneolo et leniter
sulculato, in vegetis pellucide striato, in centro len-
iter ruguloso siccando sed levi in vegetis, circum-
ferentia ovali (latitudine breviore), 4—4.5 mm lato.
Lamellis griseis, latis, acie pallidis et dilute brun-
neis in siccis lateribus, subdistantibus (± decem
lamellis percurrentibus), adnexis vel sinuato-ad-
nexis. Stipite dilute brunneolo, sed albo-pruinoso,
curvato, fortiter excentrico, 1-1.5 x 0.2-0.3 mm.
Velo nullo. Mycelio basali albo. Carne tenui, in-
odora.

Sporis 5-7.5 x 4-5 tim, ellipsoideis, lateraliter
ad latus interius convexis, raro lenissime phas-
eoliformibus, ochreobrunneis vel alutaceis, poro
germinativo et callo nuUis, depressione suprahilari
et applanatione nullis, pariete homogenea et levi,
firma instructis, inamyloideis. Hymenio: Basidiis
15-18 X 6.5-7 ^m. Cystidiis nulhs. Cheilocysti-
diis 12-40 X 5-8.5 tim, utriformibus vel suble-
cythiformibus, rarius ampullaceis, capitulo vel
clavicula 4.5-6.5 nm diam., collo brevi vel longo
1-3 fim diam., apice ampullaceorum frequenter
flexuoso, haud acuto, tenuitunicatis, hyalinis vel
dilute melleo-flavis. Hyphis haud gelatinosis, fi-
bulatis. Tramate hymenophorali regulari. Epicute
pilei non hymeniformi sed e fasciculis numerosis
dermatocystidiorum eflTormata, his aut cheilocys-
tidiis simillimis aut ventricosis aut filamentoso-
capitatis (sphaerocystibus nuUis), saepe firme tun-
icatis. Hypodermio cutiformi, brunneolo, pigmen-
to haud incrustante. Tegumento stipitis e der-
matocystidiis eis pilei similibus eflTormato.

Ad lignum {x>^obab\\\\tr Alni jorullensis H. B. &
K.) in alneto tropicali-montana gregatim.

Typus— Argentina, Jujuy, Lagunas de Yala, 2 100
m alt., 10 II 1966, Singer T 5024 (f).

Simocybe coniferarum Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo olivaceo (15 L 8 M&P), centro subatro
("bronze lustre" M&P), subtiliter pallide pruinoso
sub lente, hygrophano, levi nec pellucide striato,
convexo, ± umbilicato, usque ad 1 7 mm lato. La-
mellis griseis ("pelt" M&P), confertis, mediocriter
latis, rotundato-subliberis. Stipite griseolo dein
brunneolo, ex toto subtiliter albo-pruionso, cavo,
leniter apicem versus attenuato, haud bulboso, 58
X 3.5 mm. Velo nullo. Carne superficiebus con-
coloribus, moUi-camosa, inodora.

Sporis 6.5-7.5 x 4.2-4.5 ^im, ellipticis vel ova-
tis frontaliter visis sed phaseoliformibus laterali-
ter, levibus, poro germinativo nuUo, ochraceo-
melleis (NH4OH). Hymenio: Basidiis 26 x 7-7.8
^m, tetrasporis. Cystidiis nullis. Cheilocystidiis 36-
48 X 5.5-7.7 jum, cylindraceis vel anguste ventri-
cosis vel clavatis, hyalinis, nonnullis intus melleis,
obtusis. Hyphis 3.5-7 iim latis, nonnullis usque
ad 25 Mm inflatis, fibulatis, haud gelatinosis. Tra-
mate hymenophorali regulari. Epicute pilei e der-
matocystidiis singularibus vel fasciculatis sed haud
continue hymeniformiter dispositis eflformata, his
25-30 X 7-14.5 nm, versiformibus, late ampul-
laceis vel utriformibus, interdum clavatis, hyalinis
vel melleis, nonnullis in hypodermio natis major-
ibus et incrustatis. Hypodermio subcutiformi, ex
elementis hyphalibus 3.3-12 ^m latis, nonnuUis
usque ad 23 nm inflatis, pigmento brunneolo-in-
crustatis eflTormato. Pruina stipitis e dermatocys-
tidiis versiformibus eflFormata.

Ad lignum putridum coniferarum (Piceae?) in
Piceeto.

Typus— Switzerland, Vaud, Bois d'Apples, Les
Tailles Fontaine aux Chasseurs, 662 m alt., 5 VIII
\91Q, Singer C 5040 {¥).

This species reminds one of S. obscura (Rom-
agnesi) Reid but it differs in gray lamellae, broader
spores, and habitat. What may be an American
oak-inhabiting race is described below.

Var. quercuum Sing., var. nov. J

A varietate coniferarum diflTert carpophoris mi-
noribus, cheilocystidiis brevioribus, ampullaceis

120

FIELDIANA: BOTANY

vel utriformibus, dermatocystidiis nonnuUis lon-
gioribus et cellulis subisodiametricis frequentius
interspersis. Ad quercinum lignum putridum in
silva mixta.

Typus— USA, Illinois, White Pine Slate Park,
1 IX 1975, Singer N 7541 (f).

Simocybe panamensis Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo 2-8 mm lato, lamellis subferrugineis, ad-
nexis, cheilocystidiis ampullaceis vel ventricoso-
mucronatis praecipue a S. reductoaffini Sing. ae-
quatoriana differt.

Ad frustula lignea, fructus et folia in silva tro-
picali-montana.

Typus— Panama, Veraguas, 16 km from Santa
Fe, 18 VI 1975, Dumont PA 560 (ny).

Crepidotus igapoensis Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo pallide brunneolo, hygrophano, dehydra-
tione pallidiore vel pallido, estriato vel brevissime
pellucide striato, in siccis subpallido et brunneolo-
virgato ad marginem, pallide brunneolo a tergo,
glabro, haud viscido, convexo, dimidiato, 9 mm
lato. Lamellis brunneolis, deorsum concurrenti-
bus, mediocriter latis, confertis, attingentibus.
Stipite minutissimo, albo, glabro, sublaterali, 0.5
X 0.2 mm. Mycelio basali albo. Carne alba, im-
mutabili, tenui.

Sporis 5.3-7 x 5-6.7 ^m, globosis, in episporio
melleo aculeis brunneo-melleis subtiliter punctatis
(sub immersione omamentationem typi XI mon-
strantibus), depressione et applanatione suprahi-
laribus destitutis. Hymenio: Basidiis 24.5-26.8 x
8-9.3 ^im, tetrasporis, hyalinis, paucis pallide
brunneolis, basi defibulatis. Cystidiis nuUis. Cheil-
ocystidiis ad aciem heteromorpham lamellarum
20-30 X 8.5-12 ^m, clavalis, hyalinis, j)erpaucis
pallidissime brunneolis. Hyphis strata gelatinosa
haud formantibus, elongatis vel filamentosis, ten-
uitunicatis, radiatim in pileo dispositis, defibula-
tis. Tramale hymenophorali regulari, hyalino. Hy-
phis oleiferis 2.7-6.7 nm diam. Epicute pilei
hyphosa, a tramate pilei paullum differente sed
hyphis hic nonnihil angustioribus, 2-6.7 /um diam.,
omnibus levibus, hyalinis; dermatocystidiis ad
marginem pilei numerosis, basin pilei versus spar-
sis, his 20-54 x 5-9.5 nm, plerumque strictis.

erectis, paucis repentibus vel ascendentibus, cla-
vatis, hyalinis, tenuitunicatis.

Ad frustula lignea ex arbore dicotyledonea de-
lapsa in silva tropicali typi igapo, solitario.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, Igarape do Taru-
mazinho, 12 III 1980, Singer B 12019 (inpa).

By its characters C igapoensis comes close to
C. parvulus Murr. as described by Hesler and Smith,
who have studied the type. Our Amazonian species
differs, however, in not pure white pileus, glabrous
surface, larger spores, and closer lamellae. The key
in Hesler and Smith (1965) leads to C. putrigenus
(Berk. &. Curt.) Sacc, but the type of that species
is larger and the hyphae have clamp connections.
Hesler and Smith's statement to the contrary is in
error.

Crepidotus pilosiceps Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo albo, sericeo-piloso, dein partim laxe lan-
oso-gossypino, levi, sicco, haud hygrophano, pri-
mum globoso, mox semigloboso, dein convexo,
obtuso, haud umbilicato, usque ad 3 mm lato.
Lamellis albis, distantibus, satis angustis, ad aciem
plerumque fimbriatis, attenuato-attingentibus.
Stipite primum pilei diametro longiore, centrali,
in maturis pilei diametro breviore vel brevissimo,
excentrico, demum sublaterali, pilei superficie in-
feriori applicato, albo, ± pubescente, demum gla-
brescente frequenter curvato praesertim in ma-
turis, aequali vel dein basin versus attenuato, 2-
4 X 1.2-1.5 mm. Mycelio basali albo. Carnealba,
immutabili, tenui, inodora.

Sporis 7.5-9.5(-10.3) x 4.2-5.5(-6) nm, ellip-
soideis vel ovoideis, punctatis, pariete heteroge-
nea, unicolori ochraceo-brunneola instructis, at
nonnullis sublevibus, inamyloideis. Hymenio:
Basidiis 19-27 x 8-10.7 tim, 2-3-4-sporis, ple-
rumque tetrasporis. Cystidiis nullis. Cheilocysti-
diis admodum versiformibus, 24-58 x 4.5-6.5
nm ad aciem heteromorpham, frequenter ampul-
laceis, vel subulatis, vel utriformibus, haud acutis
sed frequenter ad apicem nodulosis vel lobatis, vel
furcatis vel capitatis et saepe geniculatis, omnibus
tenuitunicatis et hyalinis. Hyphis haud gelatinosis,
fibulatis. Epicute pilei e fasciculis hypharum as-
cendentium efformata, cellulis terminalibus hy-
phosis (e. gr. 120 x 3 nm) aut cystidioideis, his
dermatocystidiis cheilocystidiis simillimis sed fre-
quenter nonnihil minoribus vel majoribus et ap-
pendiculo vel appendiculis latis, brevibus, obtusis.

SINGER: NEW TAXA OF AGARICALES

121

rarius exiguis obsitis, praesertim ad apicem, saepe
flexuosis. Dermatocystidiis stipitis 20-37 x 5-9.8
nm, versiformibus, frequenter subulatis vel utri-
formibus vel ampuUaceis (collo 3-4.5 nm diam.,
obtuso), rarius excrescentiis obtusis instructis,
omnibus tenuitunicatis et hyalinis.

Ad truncum emortuum dicotyledoneum in silva
tropicali typi terrae firmae, dense gregatim.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, 30 km N of Manaus,
18 I 1978, Singer B 10556 (inpa).

The small size of the carpophores, from the be-
ginning distinct and at first central stipe, and the
silky-hairy covering of the pileus separate this Am-
azonian species from other species of stirps Fu-
sisporus (sect. Echinospori).

ENTOLOMATACEAE Kotlaba & Pou-
zar

Rhodocybe angustispora Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo griseo, margine albido, interdum ochreo-
brunneolo, glabro, levi vel subtiliter radiatim
striolato ad marginem, neque hygrophano neque
viscido, convexo, demum circum papillam per-
sistentem applanato, 1 2 mm lato. Lamellis albis,
dein albidis, horizontalibus, confertis, angustis,
liberis vel subliberis. Stipite albido, haud viscido,
macroscopice glabro, sub lente subtiliter pubes-
cente, praesertim ad apicem, aequali, 20 x 1 mm.
Carne alba, immutabili, inodora vel subinodora.

Sporis 5.5-7.2 x 2.5-3.7 /im, amygdaliformi-
bus, sublevibus vel leniter gibbosis, a polis visis
angularibus, hyalinis in KOH, inamyloideis, par-
iete continue cyanophila instructis. Hymenio: Bas-
idiis 12-19 x 4-5 ^im, tetrasporis, intus granulosis
in medio "cotton blue," compluribus ad basin fi-
bulatis. Cystidiis ad latera lamellarum exiguis, in-
conspicuis, praesentibus. Pseudocystidiis ad et
prope aciem lamellarum aut lanecolatis vel sub-
ulatis et e. gr. 14 x 2 /xm aut 15-50 x 4.5-8(-25)
Mm, majoribus fusoideis vel clavatis vel clavato-
mucronatis, corpusculis exiguis cyanophilis gut-
tatis vel amorphis impletis. Hyphis non gelati-
nosis, inamyloideis, filamentosis, parallelis vel
subparallelis, melleo-hyalinis in KOH, nonnullis
fibulatis, multis defibulatis, 1.5-4.5(-5) tim diam.
Tramate hymenophorali regulari, ex hyphis sub-
parallelis effbrmato. Epicute pilei cutiformi. Der-
matocystidiis stipitis 15-35 x 3-4.5 ^im, versi-

formibus, ampullaceis vel clavatis, angustis,
tenuitunicatis, hyalinis. Dermatopseudocystidiis
in stipite e. gr. 30 x 10 nm, etiam versiformibus,
contentu aureo-melleo gaudentibus, rarioribus. In
pileo dermatocystidiis dermatopseudocystidi-
isque nullis vel raris.

Ad humum lignosum in querceto {Quercus
oleoides Schlecht. & Cham.) planitieis tropicali so-
litario.

Typus— Costa Rica, Guanacaste, Parque Na-
cional de Santa Rosa, 25 VII 1981, SingerB 12470-
12478 (F).

This species seems to be close to Lyophyllum
because of the siderophilous granulosity of the ba-
sidia but the presence of pseudocystidia and der-
matopseudocystidia and the spores which are an-
gular when seen in polar view, as well as the large
number of clampless septa indicate affinity with
Rhodocybe. The narrower spores differentiate it
from the species of sect. Rhodocybe, and the non-
hygrophanous pileus distinguishes it from the
species entering the stirps of /?. nitellina (Fr.) Sing.

Rhodocybe conica Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo fuligineo, macroscopice glabro, haud vis-
coso, nudo, margine primum incurvo, levi vel sub-
levi, conico, acuto, subpapillato, 20 mm lato, 1 1
mm alto. Lamellis pallide griseis, dein sordidis,
sub lente in siccis guttulis resinaceis succineis vel
castaneis apparentibus, angustissimis, confertis-
simis, ascendentibus, ± late adnexis. Stipite fuli-
gineo, glabro, levi, haud viscido, aequali, 1 7 x 1.2
mm. Carne superficiebus pallidiore, immutabili,
tenui, inodora.

Sporis 5-7 x 2.8-4.4 /im, versiformibus, ple-
rumque ellipsoideis, multis asperulis, nonnullis
cristis discontinuis et spinulis instructis, praeser-
tum e polis visis haud teretis, hyalinis vel sub-
hyalinis, inamyloideis. Hymenio: Basidiis 16-20
X 5.5-6.2 ^m, tetrasporis. Cystidiis nullis. Cheil-
ocystidiis longissimis, filamentosis, 1-5 /xm diam.,
hyalinis, tenuitunicatis sed massis resinaceis suc-
cineis vel castaneis incrustatis in speciminibus
exsiccatis. Hyphis defibulatis, haud gelatinosis, in-
amyloideis. Tramate hymenophorali regulari, ex
hyphis subhyalinis vel lenissime pigmentatis,
elongatis, subparallelis effbrmato. Epicute pilei cu-
tiformi ex hyphis atrocastaneis (pigmento intra-
parietali et incrustante) parallelis et subintertextis
effbrmata e quibus pila longa filiformia (usque ad

122

FIELDIANA: BOTANY

125 X 1 .7-2.5 ^ni), hyalina, tenuitunicata, obtusa,
interdum furcata emergunt, his pilis cheilocysti-
diis similibus. Hypodermio multis in locis magis
intertexto et subtrichodermiah, ex hyphis 2-5 nm
latis et eodem ut epicutis pigmento atrocastaneo.
Ad humum, folia putrescentia, frustula lignea
in silva arenosa tropicali typi campinarana soli-
tario.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, near road Manaus-
Caracarai, km 125, 21 V 1978, Singer B 11049
(inpa).

The combination of fuliginous color and coni-
cal-acute shape of the pileus distinguish this species
from other species of sect. Decurrentes.

Rhodocybe hawaiiensis Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo castaneo, umbilico griseolo-cinnamomeo
vel subsepiaceo, margine ochreo-cinnamomeo,
glabro, fortiter hygrophano, rugoso-sulcato in ma-
joribus, convexo, dein centro depresso vel ap-
planato et frequenter umbilicato, demum ex in-
tegro applanato vel concavo, 15-28 mm lato.
Lamellis sordide pallidis, mox cinnamomeo-
ochreis, confertis vel subconfertis, haud arcuatis
sed subhorizontalibus, sat latis ut minime in tertia
parte interiore (stipitem versus), late adnatis vel
adnato-subdecurrentibus vel dente decurrentibus.
Stipite pileo subconcolori vel sordide fusco, mac-
roscopice subglabro, sed ad apicem leniter pruin-
ato, cavo, aequali vel apicem versus attenuato, 1 8-
19 X 1-3 mm. Mycelio basali albo. Carne inodora.

Sporis 5.4-7.5 x 3.7-5 jum, ellipsoideo-suban-
gularibus, leniter asperulato-nodulosis, a polis vis-
is angularibus, appendiculo hilari fortiter excen-
trico instructis, sordide pallidissimeque cameis vel
subhyalinis, inamyloideis. Hymenio: Basidiis 19.5-
26 X 6-6.5 tim, tetrasporis. Pseudocystidiis ad
aciem lamellarum nec non ad latera praesentibus,
ad aciem numerosis, 28^5 x 4.7_6(-7) /xm, intus
contentu brunneolo (KOH) rarius hyalino imple-
tis, fusoideis vel ventricosis, frequenter apicaliter
anguste subacute vel obtuse apiculatis, laete cas-
taneo-ferrugineis iodiuope, haud incrustatis. Hy-
phis defibulatis, haud gelatinosis neque incrusta-
tis, 2-16 ixm latis. Tramate hymenophorali regulari.
Epicute pilei ex hyphis 2-6 nm latis tenuiter vel
firme (usque ad 0.4 nm) tunicatis efformata, cu-
tiformi.

Ad humum in silva.

Typus— Hawaii, Kauai, Hanapepe Canyon
Outlook, 4500 ft alt., 24 I 1981, Singer H 1 (f).

This species belongs in sect. Rhodocybe. It dif-
fers from R. mordax (Atk.) Baroni in shorter ba-
sidia, smaller stipe, and somewhat shorter spores,
and from R. lactariiformis Sing. and R. galeri-
noides Sing. in the absence of a papilla. Rhodocybe
australis Sing. has dark incrusted hyphae.

BOLETACEAE Chevalier
Gyrodon adisianus Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo dilute gilvo-luteo vel olivaceo-luteo vel
stramineo, demum brunneo-maculato, maculis
saepe aquosis, glabro macroscopice sed sub lente
subtiliter brunneo-pustulato vel brunneo-floccu-
loso, demum glabrescente, sicco, sed in maturis
viscidulo, levi, margine acuto, convexo, mox cen-
tro depresso aut supra stipitem depresso, frequen-
ter demum applanato, 43-74 mm lato. Hymeno-
phoro boletinoideo-submerulioideo, tubulis sat
brevibus, plerumque seriatim radialiter dispositis,
"lamellis" radialibus strictis vel flexuosis, undu-
losis, fortiter anastomosantibus in planitie aequali
et profundiore et interdum nonnullis furcatis, ita
ut "pori" inaequales et compositi evadant, om-
nino unicoloribus, sordide olivaceo-flavis, caeru-
lescentibus fractu. Sporarum massa brunneo-oli-
vacea. Stipite apicem versus flavo vel fulvo-flavido,
atrobrunneo versus basin, subglabro (partim mi-
nute pustulato ita ut pileus), haud squamoso, so-
lido, centrali vel excentrico vel laterali, frequenter
curvato, sed etiam stricto, aequali, sed ad apicem
plerumque leniter incrassato, in aliis basin versus
gradatim attenuato, 25-58 x 4.5-13.5 mm. Velo
nullo. Mycelio basali brunneo. Carne pilei flavido-
alba et caerulescente fractu, molli in pileo et parte
superiore stipitis, came stipitis bmnnea vel atrob-
mnnea, dura in parte inferiore stipitis; sapore et
odore debilibus, vix acidulis.

Superficie pilei NH4OH et NH3 ope chalybaea,
dein griseolo-viridi. Carpophoris Agaricalium al-
bis contactu carpophoromm huius fungi virescen-
tibus.

Sporis(6.5-)7.5-9.5 x (4.3-)4.5-5Mm(Q= 1.5-
1.9, plerumque 1.6-1.8), eUipsoideis, numquam
subglobosis, nonnullis ex eis subphaseoliformibus
lateraliter visis, levibus (sub immersione), sub-
crassiucule tunicatis, melleo-bmnneis. Hymenio:
Basidiis 23.5-30 x 8-9.5 nm, clavatis, fibula bas-

SINGER: NEW TAXA OF AGARICALES

123

ali instructis, tetrasporis. Cystidiis sparsis vel raris,
15-23 X 3.5-4 jum, clavatis vel cylindraceis, hy-
alinis. Cheilocystidiis sat numerosis inter basidia,
13.5-19 X 5-5.8 MJTJ, versiformibus, frequenter
clavatis vel ventricosis, interdum furcatis, obtusis,
plerumque hyalinis. Hyphis inamyloideis, fibu-
latis, in tramate pilei lenissime subgelatinosis, pig-
mento plerumque intraparietali, interdum leniter
incrustante. Hymenophori tramate bilaterali typi
Boleti. Hyphis oleiferis 3-8 nm latis, pallide mel-
leis vel brunneis, frequenter, nonnullis anasto-
mosantibus et furcatis. Epicute pilei in strato in-
termittente trichodermiali (flocculorum), brunnea,
pigmento intraparietali et nonnihil incrustante, ex
hyphis 1-3 nm latis efformata. Hypodermio con-
tinuo, partim subgelatinoso in maturis. Derma-
tocystidiis cystidiis vel cheilocystidiis simillimis
praesentibus.

Ad terram et ad lignum emortuum arborum di-
cotyledonearum in silva inundabili typi varzea
gregatim.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, Ilha Marchantaria,
Lago Central, 18 III 1983, leg. Singer, Araujo
Aguiar & Adis, Singer B 12434 (f).

An analysis of the flora and the roots in the
vicinity of the area where the carpophores of G.
adisianus were collected indicated the absence of
ectotrophic and ectendotrophic mycorrhiza in the
primary varzea and shows that this species is strictly
saprophytic (see also Singer, 1984).

Phylloporus gymnocystis Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo viridi, in siccis umbrino vel sepiaceo. Hy-
menophoro stipitem versus sublamelloso, ceter-
um e poris radiatim elongatis seriatis effbrmato,
sordide roseolo, lento nigrescente. Stipite fuligi-
neo, subtiliter tomentoso, levi, tenui. Sporis 10.5-
13.8 X 4-6 nm, inamyloideis, in massa sordide
roseis ("wood rose" M&P). Hymenio: Basidiis (2-
3-)4-sporis. Cystidiis 35-50 x 10-12.5 nm, par-
iete tenui, hyalina, pigmento intracellulari rubro-
brunneo vel fusco impletis, haud incrustatis. Ep-
icute trichodermiali, multis hyphis atrobrunneo-
incrustatis. A P. manausensi Sing. differt cystidiis
haud incrustatis pigmento resinaceo et hyphis ep-
icutis brunneo-incrustatis et sporis minoribus et
hymenophoro magis poroideo et habitatione. In
silva tropicali primaria typi campinarana (ad trun-
cos Leguminosarum). A. P. viridi (Berk.) Sing. dif-
fert sporis majoribus, hymenophoro minus la-

melloso, habitatione atque coloribus (in hoc "totus
viridis" et "in terra").

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, near road Manaus-
Caracaral, km 125, 20 VII 1973, Singer B 11310
(inpa).

Xerocomus carnosus (Rostk.) Sing., comb. nov.

Basionym— 5o/e/M5 carnosus Rostk., in Sturm,
Flora Deutschl. 3(5), tab. 14. 1844. This is related
to X. spadiceus (Fr.) Quel. It has all the charac-
teristics visible in Rostkovius's plate and differs
in very long (1 1.7-21 x 3.5-6.3 nm) spores. The
surface of the pileus tums blue with ammonia, a
constantly strong and persistant reaction. Neo-
type: Czechoslovakia, Moravia, Kurimi, Sibema
les, leg. Singer, Knz, Smarda, 1 VIII 1974, Singer
C 5733 (f). Also known from collections in Ger-
many, Switzerland, and England.

Boletus heterodermus Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo atro-(mbido-)umbrino, in siccis prope
("cocoa" M&P), subtiliter velutino, convexo, ob-
tuso, 56 mm lato. Hymenophoro tubuloso, poris
minutis (3 pro mm) bmnneolo-olivaceis, tubis in
siccis prope "Cochin" M&P), 8 mm longis, ad-
nexis. Stipite pallido, griseolo tincto et fibrillis in-
natis (haud reticulatis) castaneis variegato, sub lente
minute castaneo-pustuloso, ventricoso, solido, 80
X 24 mm. Mycelio basali sparso, pallido. Carne
sat firma, vinaceo-mbida fracta, NH4OH in came
et superficibus negativam reactionem exhibit.

Sporis 10-13.5 x 4-5 nm, e. gr. 1 1.8 x 4.3 nm
aut 10 X 4.7 nm, fusoideis, levibus, poro germi-
nativo destitutis, plemmque depressione supra-
hilari, rarius applanatione instmctis, dilute mel-
leo-bmnneis, inamyloideis. Hymenio: Basidiis 21-
30 X 7.5-9 Mni,tetrasporis.Cystidiis 22-27 x 5.5-
8 nm, versiformibus, saepe fusoideis vel ampul-
laceis vel ampuUaceo-subcapitatis, optice conten-
tu dissoluto homogeneo impletis, tenuitunicatis.
Hyphis defibulatis, inamyloideis. Tramate hy-
menophorali bilaterali typi Boletomm, hyalino,
hyphis fortiter divergentibus in strato laterali. Ep-
icute pilei trichodermiali, partim palisadica, par-
tim non palisadica et lenissime gelatinosa, bmn-
neola e pigmento intracellulari dissoluto, sed multis
hyphis hyalinis vel ffavidulis, incmstationibus
nullis; cellulis elongatis in strato inferiore gradatim
brevioribus prope superficiem, ibi 11-17 x 8-12

124

FIELDIANA: BOTANY

Mm, dein G-38 x 17-22 /xm et liberis, intermixtis
nonnuUis cellulis terminalibus cystidiformibus, his
13-40 X 3.8-12 /xm, plerumque hyalinis, iodi ope
haud aurantiacis, anguste clavatis vel obtuse sub-
ulatis, sparsis. Tegumento stipitis (in parte media
stipitis) intermittente, pustulas formante, hic hy-
meniformi, ex elementis 15-23.5 x 6-13^^, cla-
vatis vel ventricosis vel subvesiculosis, rotundato-
obtusis, rarius ampullaceis, pariete usque ad 0.5
nm diam. instructis, melleis, paucis hyalinis ef-
formato.

Ad terram sub Quercu, Magnolia, Lauraceis in
silva tropicali-montana inter 1700 et 2500 m alt.

Typus— Costa Rica, Puntarenas, Rio Buru, Au-
gust 1983, Gomez 21548 (f).

Boletus fulvus Peck (non SchaefFer) should be
compared, but a type specimen does not exist at
Albany (nys). Our species from Central America
is remarkable because of the context tuming vin-
aceous, the colors of the surfaces of the carpop-
hores, and the structure of the covering layers.

Tylopilus potamogeton var. mitis Sing., var. nov.

Pileo brunneolo-livido, minore, tubulis albis
dein roseolis, stipite brunneo apice albo, aequali,
carne alba, miti. NH4OH in superficie caerulescit.
Characteribus microscopicis eis var. aquarii Sing.
in Sing., Araujo & Ivory, Nov. Hedwigia Beiheft
77: 122. 1983 simillimis.

Ad terram humosam in silva inundabili typi
igapo rarius.

Typus Varietatis— Brazil, Amazonas, Igarape
do Tarumazinho, 13 III 1983, Singer B 12425
(inpa).

Tylopilus montanus Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo primum pallide purpurascente, dein atro-
castaneo (in siccis primum "butterscotch," dein
inter "Vandyke Br" et "cocoa Br" centro "brack-
en" M&P), demum subatro, velutino, impolito,
demum subglabrescente, margine anguste incurvo
et acuto demum subobtuso, pulvinato, dein con-
vexo et obtuso, superficie demum minute rivuloso
vel rimoso, 1 10 mm lato. Hymenophoro tubuloso,
tubulis moderatim longis, albis, tactu, fractu et
aetate fumosis vel bnmneo maculatis, poris pri-

mum albis, dein brunnescentibus, exiguis subi-
sodiametricis, rotundis vel angularibus, hymeno-
phoro ad stipitem adnexo, dein leniter circum eum
depresso. Stipite concolori pileo in parte superiore
sed plerumque ± pallidiore in parte inferiore, pri-
mum levi atque subtiliter reticulato immediate sub
hymenophoro, dein ad apicem longitudinaliter
costato-sulcato, costis in parte mediana anasto-
mosantibus et superficie hic fortiter reticulato, in
tertia parte inferiore levi, interdum inter reticu-
lationem fortem et partem levem zona subtiliter
reticulata intercalata, venis reticulationum non-
nihil obscurioribus colore basico stipitis, solido,
bulboso, dein in parte apicali ± aequali, usque ad
83 X 51 mm. Mycelio basali haud albo, sparso,
cum parte inferiore stipitis in siccis pallide alu-
taceo. Carne alba, vix mutibili fractu, sed siccando
flavescente, odore amylaceo, sapore miti.

Sporis 10-14.5 x 4-5.5(-6)/im, plerumque 1 1-
13 X 4.5 /im, subfusoideis, depressione vel ap-
planatione suprahilari instructis, Q < 3, firme vel
subcrassiuscule tunicatis, levibus, subhyalinis vel
pallidissime melleis (KOH), dibiliter vel moder-
atim pseudoamyloideis. Hymenio: Basidiis 21-35
X 8-10 /xm, tetrasporis. Cystidiis ampullaceis, ten-
uitunicatis, hyalinis, ampuUaceis, nonnullis (pseu-
docystidiis sensu Wolfe) corpusculis 1.5-6 nm
diam. intemis, castaneis vel brunneolis, iodi ope
subbadiis impletis, omnibus sat numerosis, 30-43
X 6.5-10.5 jum. Cheilocystidiis haud differentiatis.
Hyphis defibulatis, satis angustis, Tramate hy-
menophorali bilaterali typi Boleti, mediostrato
angusto, vix gelatinoso, subregulari axiali, pallide
flavido, strato laterali amplo, hyalino, ± gelati-
noso. Epicute pilei trichodermiali-palisadica, hy-
phis in cellula terminali cystidiformibus, his der-
matocystidiis 14-30 x 3.5-7 nm, nonnullis usque
ad 8.2 Mm latis, obtusis vel subacutis, hyalinis vel
frequentius luteo-bmnneis pigmento intracellulari
et intraparietali, fusiformibus vel clavatis, non-
nullis hyphalibus nec differentiatis. Elementis ep-
icutis iodi ope (reagente Melzeri) corpusculis ro-
tundis intemis atrocastaneis impletis. Hypodermio
cutiformi, ex hyphis elongatis, castaneis effbrma-
to. Incmstationibus raris et inconspicuis vel nullis.
Stratis gelatinosis nullis. Tegumento stipitis supra
reticulationes subhymeniformi, e membris ter-
minalibus trichodermii palisadici cystidiformibus
efformato, cellulis inferioribus elongatis vel brev-
ibus (e. gr. 15 x 1 ^im) catenulatim dispositis;
dermatocystidiis 15-36 x 3-7 /xm, hyalinis vel
luteobmnneis vel succineis, forma sua dermato-
cystidiis pilei simillimis, incmstatione nuUa vel
vix manifesta.

SINGER: NEW TAXA OF AGARICALES

125

Ad terram in Querceto-Magnolieto tropicali-
montano gregatim.

Typus— Costa Rica, Cartago, Chonta, 2500 m
alt., 1 1 VII 1982, Gomez 19199 (f).

Austroboletus graciliaffinis Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo fusco (15 J 11, sicco 8 E 12 M«&P), rivu-
loso-subgranuloso, sub lente fibrillis flocculoso-
connatis castaneis in siccis obtecto, convexo, cen-
tro plerumque depresso in maturis, 52 mm lato.
Hymenophoro tubulari, pallide sordideque roseo-
lis, ad ipsum stipitem sublamellate elongatis, poris
concoloribus, 0.3-1.5 mm latis, inaequalibus, sed
plerumque subisodiametricis, subtiliter fimbriatis,
hymenophoro circum stipitem fortiter depresso.
Stipite sordide albido, basin versus griseolo ("sandy
beige" vel "elephant skin"; ibi interdum tegu-
mento ochraceo evoluto), apicem versus albo,
macroscopice glabro et levi, in siccis sub lente
subferrugineo- vel castaneo-brunneo fibrilloso vel
punctato ut minime basin stipitis versus, solido,
in medio superiore aequali vel subaequali, in me-
dio inferiore crassiore, sed haud bulboso, 88 x 10
mm, apice ± 6 mm diam., et sub hymenophoro
demum nonnihil dilatato. Velo nullo. Mycelio
basali sparso, albo, parte in stipite ascendente in-
terdum ochrascente. Carne alba, immutabili frac-
tu, in basi stipitis superficiei concolori, inodora
miti.

Sporis 12.7-15.3 x 6.3-8^"^, fusoideis, depres-
sione debili suprahilari instructis, circumferentia
asperulis, omamentatione spinulosa (spinulis ten-
uibus, cylindraceis, interdum lineariter aggregatis
melleo-brunneolis), pauUum pallidioribus ceter-
um sed perisporio levi, hyalina, paullum evoluto
et fugaci obtectis. Hymenio: Basidiis 26-29 x 10.7-
1 1.5 Mm,(2-)4-sporis.Cystidiis 28-48 x 6.7-10.7
Aim, ampullaceis vel subampuUaceis, aureomelleis
vel sordide melleis. Hyphis defibulatis. Tramate
hymenophorali bilaterali typi Boleti, mediostrato
paulum vel haud gelatinoso, hyalino vel pallide
aureo, hyphis 4-5 nm latis; strato laterali amplo,
hyalino, fortiter gelatinoso, hyphis 1-8 ixm latis.
Subhymenio ex elementis exiguis, haud gelatinos-
is, hyalinis effbrmato. Epicute pilei ex fibrillis fas-
ciculatis efformata, his catenulis cellularum ± er-
ectarum, flavidarum, frequenter vesiculosarum
(17.8-55.5 X 12^7 Mm)aut elongatarum (15.3-
57 X 8-24.5 Mm) haud vel vix gelatinosis, parie-
tibus tenuibus instructis, incrustatione nulla vel

inconspicua obtectis, apice supemo interdum mu-
cronato-effilato instmctis consistentibus. Inter fi-
brillis epicute trichodermiali, ex hyphis intertextis
effbrmata et catenulis sparsis singularibus inter-
mixtis eis fibrillamm simillimis. Maculis puncti-
formibus pigmentatis superficieis stipitis e pilis
plerumque cylindraceis rarius anguste clavatis vel
fusiformibus, 26-60 x 5-9.5(-12.8) nm eflforma-
tis, his luteis, haud incmstatis, repentibus vel er-
ectis, saepe fasciculatis, interdum furcatis, obtusis.
Inter eas hyphis superficialibus hyalinis tantum
visis.

Ad terram humosam in silva tropicali typi cam-
pinarana supra solum arenosum.

Typus— Brazil, Amazonas, near road Manaus-
Caracarai, km 45, 31 III 1980, leg. Antonio Web-
ber, Singer B 12088 (inpa).

This species is related to A. gracilis (Peck) Wolfe
and A. rionegrensis Sing.

RUSSULACEAE Roze

Russula austromontana Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo griseo vel fusco marginem versus pallid-
iore et sordidiore et pallide-virgato, demum areis
ochreis variegato, glabro, marginem versus longe
sulcato, convexo, dein plano, centro profunde de-
presso, 24-48 mm lato. Lamellis pallidis subcon-
fertis, subangustis vel sat latis, aequalibus vel pau-
cis lamellulis intermixtis, simplicibus, intervenosis,
acie demum saepe fuscidulis, subliberis. Sporis al-
bidulis, in massa crassa autem albido-cremeis (in-
ter Ib et Ilb Romagnesii). Stipite pallido, sed e
basi fuscescente vel grisente, at in siccis KOH et
formalinae ope haud mbescente (neque intus),
sublevi, aequali, 22-30 x 3-8 mm, basi saepe
contracto. Carne albida vel partim subgriseola, nec
mbescente nec nigrescente; odore caseoso in ve-
getis, dein piscium, sapore miti vel submiti.

Sporis 6.5-8.5 x 5.5-7 /nm, omamentationetypi

IV, V, VI, raro IV-II, IV- VIII, plemmque IV vel

V, 0.4-0.7 /im projiciente inclusa, hyalinis vel sub-
hyalinis, amyloideis et macula amyloidea mani-
festa suprahilari instmctis. Hymenio: Basidiis 23-
31 X 9-12 /im, tetrasporis. Macrocystidiis 53 x
9.5 tim, contentu subtiliter vermiformi impletis,
appendiculo usque 3.5 nm longo tenui omatis, fu-
soideis, hyalinis. Hyphis defibulatis, sphaerocys-

126

FIELDIANA: BOTANY

tibus numerosis intermixtis, in tramate hymeno-
phorali sphaerocystibus nec non hyphis
filamentosis et hyphis oleiferis (cum contentu
granuloso) numerosis. Omnibus hyphis et sphaer-
ocystibus inamyloideis. Epicute pilei ex hyphis as-
cendentibus, saepe furcatis, muhiseptatis, 4-8 fj,m
latis efformata, membris terminaUbus 14-42 x
3.5-9 nm, his cystidiformibus (dermatocystidiis
cihatis), fusoideis vel subulatis, acutis vel suba-
cutis, tenuitunicatis, hyahnis, muUis intus subtil-
iter granularibus, ahis haud granularibus (his ge-
neratim minoribus). Subcute gelatinosa in strato
inferiore ixocutem, in superiore ixotrichoder-
mium formante, 40-45 nm alta. Hypodermio mi-
nus aUo, haud gelatinoso, ex hyphis in KOH (in
siccis) ochraceis, intertextis effbrmato. Tegumento
stipitis epicuti pilei simiU sed dermatopseudocys-
tidiis rarioribus praesentibus quorum apices ro-
tundato-obtusi sunt. Pigmentis, praesertim in stra-
to extemo stipitis et eius tegumento, in areis
definitis manifeste intraparietaUbus atque brun-
neis (ita ut in R. ochroleuca), in NH4OH et KOH
visibiUbus.

Ad terram sub Quercu sp. in quercetis, soUtario
vel gregatim.

Typus— Costa Rica, Cartago, El Empalme, 2300
m aU., 23 VII 1981, SingerB 12402 (f). Additional
coUection: Alajuela, San Ramon, Bella Vista, un-
der Quercus brenesii Trelease, 24 VII 1981, Singer
B 12420 (F).

This Russula belongs in sect. Foetentes and it is
close to R. pectinata Fr. but differs in simple, al-
most equal lamellae, more slender stipe, paler spore
print, odor and taste, and the acute to subacute
dermatocystidia of the pileus. In contrast to this,
the spore print of /?. pectinata Fr. sensu Fr., Sing.
corresponds to Ilb-c in Romagnesi's plate, and its
odor in young specimens is more variabie than in
R. austromontana; its taste is moderately acrid.
This species from the Central American moun-
tains appears to be intermediate between R.
amoenolens Romagnesi and R. pectinata but the
spore print is darker and the taste milder than in
both.

nitido nec viscido, glabro, sub lente punctulato,
ad marginem obtusum (nec rotundatum) breviter
sulcato, convexo, centro subumbilicato vel latius
depresso, 49 mm lato. Lamellis albis, confertis,
leniter intervenosis, paucis lamellulis intermixtis,
ad stipitem aut bifirurcatis aut simplicibus, cet-
erum paucis vel nullis furcatis, mediocriter latis,
subliberis. Sporis in massa inter la et Ib Romag-
nesii (aestimatio). Stipite albo, glabro, sublevi, su-
baequali vel subventricoso, apice ipso saepe di-
latato, 38 x 9-11 mm. Carne alba, immutabili,
miti, inodora.

Sporis 7.5-8.5 x 6.5-7.8 ixm, subglobosis, or-
namentatione typi IV, Illb 0.5-1 nm projiciente
(plerumque 0.8 ixm) et macula suprahilari amy-
loidea munitis, amyloideis, hyalinis, appendice hi-
lari 1.2-1.8 iim alto. Hymenio: Basidiis 27-36 x
9-12.5 ^m, tetrasporis, sterigmatibus 3-6 nm lon-
gis. Macrocystidiis praesentibus (sed haud omni-
bus contentu optice visibili munitis), nonnulUs
contentu vermiformi, aliis granulari gaudentibus,
contentu saepe in parte superiore cellulae limitato,
pariete tenui vel firma instructis, plerumque ob-
tusis, multis autem appendiculo usque ad 6 nm
longo munitis, 36-50 x 6-9.5 iim, fusoideis vel
subclavatis. Hyphis defibulatis. Tramate hymen-
ophorali multis accumulationibus sphaerocystium
instructis, hyalina, inamyloidea. Epicute pilei e
dermatopseudocystidiis macrocystidiis hymenii
similibus et nonnullis hyphis filamentosis effor-
mata, paullum gelatinosa; dermatopseudocystidiis
3-6.5 nm tantum latis; hyphis primordialibus (in-
crustatis) nullis. Subcute gelatinosa profunda, sub-
tus ex ixocute, supeme ex ixotrichodermio effor-
mata. Hypodermio cutiformi, ex hyphis
filamentosis, haud gelatinosis efformato. Tegu-
menti stipitis dermatopseudocystidiis e. gr. 23.5
X 4 ^m, cetemm dermatopseudocystidiis pilei
simillimis.

Sulfovanillina supra superficiem stipitis sicci
numquam laete cinnabarinam reactionem, sed
bmnneolam praebens.

Ad terram sub Quercu humboldtii Bonpl. in
Humb. &. Bonpl.

Typus— Colombia, Cauca, "Los Araoz", 100 km
S of Cali, 12 IV 1968, Singer B 6046 (f).

Russula caucaensis Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo mbro (ut in R. integra = velenovskyi), in
zona marginali siccando "clove pink" (M«&P), cen-
tro in siccis multum obscuriore (e. gr. 8 J 1 ), haud

Although when fresh this species reminds one
of /J. integra (L. ex Vitt.) Fr. sensu L., Sing. (non
Maire, Romagnesi), it is rather close to R. emetica
(Schaeffer ex Fr.) Pers. ex Fr. but differs from the
latter in spore omamentation type and mild taste.

SINGER: NEW TAXA OF AGARICALES

127

Russula delica Fr. var. centroamericana Sing., var.
nov.

Pileo albo, siccando partim sordide pallideque
grisello, glabro. Lamellis subdistantibus (ad mar-
ginem 4 lamellis pro 10 mm), albis. Sporarum
massa inter la et Ib Romagnesii; stipite pilei dia-
metro breviore, albo dein partim sublurido sed
haud glauco nec caeruleo, solido, sublevi, glabro;
carne alba, immutabili, miti, odore leniter sapon-
aceo, sulfovalinninae ope purpurascente-carmi-
nea, mox brunnea.

Sporis 9.7-12.5 x 9-11 fim (omamentatione
Illa, rarius Illb, Illb-II, II, -0.9-1.3 ^im proji-
ciente haud inclusa), macula suprahilari amylo-
idea munitis, hyalinis. Basidiis 39-48 x 11-13.5
^m tetrasporis, sterigmatibus (5-)6-10(-15) nm.
Cystidiolis sparsis, 25-44 x 5-13 nm, versifor-
mibus, absque contentu, tenuitunicatis. Macro-
cystidiis sulfovanillinae ope (decem d. post exsic-
cationem) haud caerulescentibus, sed in parte
superiore azurei cresylici ope caerulescentibus,
pariete tenui vel firma, interdum leniter incrustata,
in azureo cresylico haud metachromatica instruc-
tis, numerosissimis, 42-96 x 5-13.5 ^ni, plerum-
que fusoideis, contentu vermiformi sparso vel fre-
quentius denso impletis, interdum subcylindraceis,
interdum appendiculatis, raro capitulatis vel cla-
vatis, e parte inferiore subhymenii ortis. Hyphis
defibulatis, inamyloideis. Tramate hymenophor-
ali cum sphaerocystibus sed per 300-400 fim ab
acie plerumque ex hyphis filamentosis (rarius sub-
inflatis) et hyphis oleiferis (nonnuUis ex eis ma-
crocystidiis conjunctis) 2-7.5 ^"1 latis effbrmato.
Subhymenio ex hyphis filamentosis multiseptatis
vel isodiametricis exiguis, intertextis, hyalinis ef-
formato; hyphis laticiferis nuUis. Epicute pilei tri-
chodermiali, profunda, sublaxa sed haud gelati-
nosa, hyphis primordialibus, filamentosis, 3-8 nm
latis, incrustatis verrucis hyalinis, tenuiparietali-
bus, contentu destitutis; dermatocystidiis et der-
matopseudocystidiis nullis. Subcute gelatinosa
nulla. Hypodermio moderatim profundo, ex hy-
phis filamentosis efformato et nec ab epicute nec
a tramate pilei abrupte delimitato.

In solo non calcareo in Querceto-Magnolieto
tropicali-montana.

Typus— Costa Rica, Cartago, La Chonta, 2500
m alt., 1 1 VII 1982, Gomez 18191 (f).

This variety differs from related forms mainly
in distant lamellae while otherwise close to R.
brevipes Peck.

Russula dipigmentata Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo laete vitellino, margine praecipue siccando
purpurascente ("laurel oak" M«&.P), glabro, visci-
do, sub lente subtiliter punctulato, in vegetis de-
mum breviter sulcato sed in siccis levi, margine
rotundato-obtuso, convexo, mox margine plano-
depresso, 48 mm lato. Lamellis aurantioflavis,
confertis, mediocriter latis, attenuato-attingenti-
bus. Sporis in massa ochraceis, Illa Romagnesii.
Stipite albo, glabro, subaequali, 80 x 1 1 mm.
Carne alba, miti, inodora.

Sporis 9-10.5 x 7.5-8.7 /im,rarousquead 12.5
X 10.3 nm, subglobosis, flavis, omamentatione
typi IV, IV-II, IV- VIII, V (paucis VI), projiciente
0.3-0.6 iim, in sporis giganteis saepe typo VII or-
natis, amyloideis. Hymenio: Basidiis 30-39.5 x
10-12.5 tim (2-)4-sporis. Macrocystidiis praesen-
tibus (sed post novem menses haud caemlescen-
tibus in sulfovanillina), 36-60 x 5-9 /xm, versi-
formibus, frequenter fusoideis sed plerumque
obtusis, interdum appendiculatis, tenuitunicatis,
in parte superiore plerumque granulis subtilibus
densis vel omnino granulis admodum sparsis re-
pletis. Cheilocystidiis cystidioloformibus, e. gr. 15
X 5.5 jxm, ventricosis vel clavatis, tenuitunicatis,
"vacuis." Hyphis defibulatis. Sphaerocystibus in
tramate lamellamm numerosis. Epicute pilei e
dermatocystidiis (cellulis terminalibus hyphamm
± 2 nm crassamm) haud numerosis, clavatis, ± 5
lim latis et hyphis interdum furcatis et hyphis pri-
mordialibus incmstatis, filamentosis, 2.5-5 fim
crassis, flavidis effbrmata, paullum gelatinosa.
Subcute gelatinosa bene evoluta. Hypodermio cu-
tiformi. Pigmentis duobus (1) salmoneo dissoluto,
(2) granulari, solido luteo in zona marginali pilei
sicci praesentibus. Tegumento stipitis e cellulis
terminalibus vix differentiatis et saepe ascenden-
tibus et hyphis primordialibus eis pilei simillimis
effbrmato.

Ad terram in quercetis (cum Arbuto et Pinis)
mixtis, solitario.

Typus— Spain, Catalonia, Tossa, 24 X 1979,
Singer C 9610 (f).

This species differs in colors from R. murrillii
Burl., a species, like R. dipigmentata, belonging in
subsect. Amethystinae and not rare in Westem
North America and Japan. Russula flavocitrina
Blum nom. nud. is possibly identical.

128

HELDIANA: BOTANY

Russula eogranulata (Secr.) Sing., comb. nov.

BASiOfiYM—Agaricus eogranulatus Secr., My-
cogr. Suisse 1: 505. 1833.

Neotypus— Switzerland, Vaud, Sauvabelin
above Lausanne, 25 VI 1971 (the original locali-
ty!), Singer C 5425 (f). As described by Secretan.

Pileo roseolo, furfuroso-pruinato; sporis lacteis
in cumulo, omamentatione typi IV- VI, VII-II,
(0.3-)0.4-0.5(-0.7) ^m alta; macrocystidiis prae-
sentibus in hymenio, in epicute absentibus. In sil-
va frondosa sub fagis et nonnuUis quercubus.

Russula gelatinascens Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo albo, demum ferrugineo-maculato, sicco
gilvescente et margine albido, in vegetis subto-
mentoso et opaco sed sub pluviis viscidulo, levi,
convexo, centro infundibuliformi, ±110 mm lato.
Lamellis pallidis (haud glaucis nec caeruleis), con-
fertis, confertissimis fere, satis angustis, lamellulis
intemixtis sed haud tri- nec polydymis, siccando
pallide alutaceis et albo-pulverulentis (e sporis),
decurrentibus, ad marginem pilei acutis, sinuatis.
Sporis in massa inter A et B (Crawshayi), quam B
pallidioribus. Stipite candido, levi, aequali, 48 x
29 mm. Carne candida, immutabili, miti sed mas-
ticatione lento subpiperino, odore fructuum levi,
siccando inodora.

Sporis 9.5-13.5 x 9.3-12.3 ^im, globosis vel
subglobosis, omamentatione typi Illa vel Illa-II
gaudente, qua 0.7-1.5 ^im projicit, hyalinis, amy-
loideis. Hymenio: Basidiis 52 x 10.3 yim tetras-
poris. Macrocystidiis numerosissimis, contentu
vermiformi abundante repletis, 10-16 x 8-9 ^im.
Hyphis inamyloideis, defibulatis. Sphaerocystibus
in tramate hymenophorali numerosis, sat volu-
minosis. Epicute pilei e hyphis plus minusve ap-
plicatis filamentosis, incmstatione nulla vel sparsa
gaudentibus, plurimis hyalinis efformata et inter
eas dermatopseudocystidiis paucis praesentibus,
his e. gr. 83 x 4.8 ^im, anguste fusoideis vel fila-
mentoso-subventricosis, subhyalinis, contentu
vermiformi vel granuloso impletis. Subcute gela-
tinosa profunda praesente, ex hyphis filamentosis
(sed hinc illinc subincrassatis), distantibus in KOH
efformata. Hypodermio cutiformi intermittente et
interdum paullum differentiato. Tegumento stip-
itis e dermatopseudocystidiis numerosis, anguste
ventricosis et longis, 4.5-7 /tm latis efformato.

Ad terram et humum in silva mixta {Picea et
Fagus).

Typus— Czechoslovakia, Bohemia, Bradlo, Pri-
rodne Reservace, 10 IX 1970, Singer C 5115 (f).

The only other species of sect. Plorantes which
has a deep gelatinous subcutis is R. fuegiana Sing.
from Tierra del Fuego, which differs in the oma-
mentation type of the spores.

Russula gomezii Sing., sp>ec. nov.

Pileo rosaceo (colore R. rosaceae gaudente), ve-
lutino-subtomentoso, sicco, margine mox sulcato,
obtuso, cetemm convexo, dein centro applanato,
umbilicato, depresso, 18-31 mm lato. Lamellis
albis, sat confertis vel subconfertis, sat latis, sub-
decurrentibus. Sporis in massa inter la et Ib Rom-
agnesii, quam Ib pallidioribus. Stipite pileo con-
colori sed apice frequenter albo, subaequali vel
basi acuminato vel apice angustato, 21-34 x 4-6
mm. Carne alba, immutabili, inodora, miti.

Sporis 7-7. 5 (-8) x 6.2-6.5 yLm, plemmque
subglobosis, hyalinis, amyloideis, omamentatione
typi VI, IV, IV-II, 0.2-0.5 /nm projiciente gauden-
tibus, macula suprahilari amyloidea manifesta in-
stmctis. Hymenio: Basidiis 22-31.5 x 6.5-12 /lim,
frequentius ventricosis quam clavatis, tetrasporis.
Cystidiis 37-60 x 8-1 1 nm moderatim numeros-
is, basidiomorphis, interdum 1—4 appendiculis
sterigmatiformibus omatis, contentu nullo optice
visibili, sulfovanillinae ope haud caemlescentibus.
Cheilocystidiis 25-41 x 4-7.5 ^im, utriformibus,
apice subcapitatis vel claviculatis et 3.5-6.7 /xm
diam., paucis minute appendiculatis ita ut cysti-
dia, paucis inteme septatis. Hyphis inamyloideis,
defibulatis. Epicute pilei ex hyphis primordialibus
efformata, his 2.5-5.5 ^im diam., roseis in H^O,
verrucose incrustatis. Dermatopseudocystidiis
nullis (reactione sulfovanillinae nulla, negativa).
Subcute gelatinosa nulla.

Sulfovanillinae ope superficies sicca stipitis ad
laete-mbmm mutatur, sed mox bmnnescit.

Ad terram humosam in quercetis {Quercus bre-
nesii Trelease) solitario.

Typus— Costa Rica, Alajuela, San Ramon, Bella
Vista, 24 VII 1981, 1200 m alt., Singer B 12429
(f). Additional collection: same locality, 26 VII
\9%\,SingerB 12501 {¥).

This sp)ecies belongs in subsect. Lilaceinae and
is close to R. subminutula Sing. and R. praetenuis
Murr. Russula minutula Velen. is also similar but

SINGER: NEW TAXA OF AGARICALES

129

has different odor and taste, lacks differentiated
cheilocystidia and has a much more persistent re-
action with sulfovaniUin.

Russula hongoi Sing., spec. nov.

Pilei brunneo (prope "hazel" M&P) margine
palHdiore, cuticula a margine haud retracta, gla-
bra, sub lente in centro pruinata instructo, margine
subacuto, convexo, centro depresso (in siccis sub-
umbiHcato), 48 mm lato. Lamellis albis, aequal-
ibus, confertis, attenuato-subliberis. Sporis in
massa haud visis, sed evidenter quam Romagnesii
Ib haud obscuriore. Stipite albo, siccando leniter
brunnescente, cylindraceo vel subaequali, solido,
37 X 10 mm. Carne alba, immutabili, elastico-
firma, miti, inodora.

Sporis 5.7-6.7 x 5-6.3 fim (omamentatione in-
clusa), subglobosis vel globosis, hyalinis, amyloid-
eis, omamentatione typi IV, Illb, 0.3(-0.4) ^m
projiciente munitis, macula suprahilari in zona levi
praesente sed admodum debiliter amyloidea. Hy-
menio: Basidiis tetrasporis. Cystidiis in sulfovan-
illina vix manifeste caemlescentibus. Hyphis in-
amyloideis, defibulatis. Epicute pilei in
trichodermio palisadico, e stmctura ei R. vescae
simili efformata, infeme duobus sphaerocystibus,
supeme cellulis gradatim angustioribus superim-
positis; dermatopseudocystidiis nullis, pigmento
hyalino vel bmnneolo-hyalino, non intraparietali
nec incmstante; sphaerocystibus 12-14 x H ^m.
Subcute moderatim tantum gelatinosa et haud
profunda praesente, sed intermittente. Ad terram
in silva Castanopsidis mixta, solitario.

Typus— Japan, Kyoto, Mt. Daimonji, 14 IX
19S4, Singer A 4074 (F).

This is similar to R. brunneola Burl. and related
to R. vesca Fr. The small spores and the color of
the pileus remind one of R. pilati Zvara.

Russula mitissima Sing., spec. nov.

Piieo mbro (ut R. emetica) vel roseo, subnitente,
centro lurido vel subolivaceo, in vegetis viscido,
glabro, ad marginem per 5-6 mm sulcato et ob-
tuso, convexo, mox centro depresso, 18-35 mm
lato. Lamellis albis, moderatim latis vel satis an-
gustis, haud interveosis, confertis, attenuato-sub-
liberis. Sporis in massa albis (la Romagnesii).
Stipite albo, siccando interdum leniter bmnnes-

cente, numquam roseo, subaequali vel attenuato
aut basin aut apicem versus, 18-36 x 4.5-8 mm.
Carne alba, immutabili, inodora, miti.

Sporis 7-9.5 x 6.5-8 ^ttm, hyalinis, subglobosis
vel breviter ellipsoideis, omamentatione typi IV,
Illb, in paucis V-VI (lineis connectivis in sporis
typi IV partim tenuissimis et microscopio sub im-
mersione vix visibilibus, qua ex re omnes sporae
typi Illb considerari possunt), 0.5-1.2 /im proji-
ciente munitis, amyloideis, macula suprahilari
amyloidea gaudentibus. Hymenio: Basidiis
(2I-)26-29.5 X 7.5-12 Mm.Macrocystidiis 24-39
X 5.5-8.5 ^im, fusoideis, rarius ampullaceis vel
cylindraceis, appendiculo 1.5^.5 jxm longo or-
natis vel rarius destitutis, contentu vermiformi
manifesto et abundante (sulfovanillinae ope in sic-
cis vix caemlescente) repletis. Hyphis defibulatis,
inamyloideis. Tramate hymenophorali e sphaer-
ocystibus et multis hyphis filamentosis efformato.
Epicute pilei e dermatopseudocystidiis 20-45 x
3-10 Min efformatis, his sat numerosis, versifor-
mibus, saepe ventricosis vel clavatis, cetemm ma-
crocystidiis simillimis. Subcute gelatinosa hyalina
10-30 ^im alta. Hypodermio cutiformi, flavido,
10-30 ixm alto.

Ad terram sub Quercu brenesii Trelease.

Typus— Costa Rica, Alajuela, San Ramon, Bel-
lavista, 24 VII I98I, Singer B 12428 (f).

This species is related to R. caucaensis Sing. (see
above).

Russula pluteoides Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo umbrino in centro, pallido ad marginem,
glabro, levi, sed margine longe sulcato-pectinato,
et disco minute mguloso, acuto ad marginem,
campanulato, umbone exiguo centrali munito, 1 5-
16 mm lato. Lamellis albidis, angustis, omnibus
fere aequalibus, simplicibus, nonnullis prope stip-
item bifurcatis, subliberis. Sporis in massa separ-
ata haud visis, sed supra lamellis ± Ila Romag-
nesii. Stipite pallide avellaneo-grisello, levi, basin
versus attenuato, 18x6 mm, ad basin 3 mm
diam. Velo nullo. Subiculo nullo. Mycelio basali
albo, strigoso. Carne alba, immutabili, inodora,
miti.

Sporis 7-7.8 x 6-6.8 nm, subglobosis, hyalinis,
omamentatione typi VI, V (sed lineis connectivis
tenuissimis et microscopio sub immersione vix
visibilibus praesentibus ita ut typus Illb evadit),
0.3-0.7 ^im, plemmque ±0.5 ^m projiciento

130

FIELDIANA: BOTANY

munitis, macula suprahilari amyloidea praesente
aut absente, sed aut exigua aut submota aut vix
amyloidea. Hymenio: Basidiis 29-32 x 8.5-9 fim,
tetrasporis. Cystidiis 45-67 x 5.5-7.2 nm, sat
numerosis, fusoideis, interdum subulatis, acutis
vel obtusis, tenuitunicatis, pariete azurei cresylici
ope haud metachromata sed azurea instructis, ap-
pendiculo spiniformi vel globuloso 1-3.5 nm alto
frequenter munitis, optice vacuis vel disperse sub-
tiliterque granulosis. Hyphis inamyloideis, defi-
bulatis. Tramate hymenophorah sphaerocystibus
numerosis, voluminosis, tenuitunicatis munito.
Epicute pilei e dermatocystidiis cihiformibus et
celluhs terminahbus hypharum efformata, vix vel
lenissime gelatinosa; dermatocystidiis 18-105 x
2.5-4.5 fim, anguste fusoideis vel laneceolatis,
acutis, tenuiter vel firme tunicatis, paucis subtiliter
granulari-incrustatis, saepe intus septatis, inter-
dum furcatis, nonnullis intus sparse subtiliterque
granulosis, frequenter duobus e hypha incrassata
ortis, nonnumquam basin versus multiseptatis,
raro medio constrictis. Dermatopseudocystidiis
nullis. Subcute gelatinosa in strato infero ixocu-
tiformi, in supero gradatim ixotrichodermiali. Hy-
podermio cutiformi, hyalino.

Ad folia dicotyledonea in silva tropicali-mon-
tana Quercu brenesii Trelease dominante.

Typus— Costa Rica, Alajuela, San Ramon, Bella
Vista, ± 1 900 m ah., 26 VII 1981, Singer B 12500
(F).

This species reminds one oiPluteus by its habit
as well as by its colors, but is a true Russula, sect.
Diversicolores.

Russula psammophila Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo albo, interdum maculis hygrophanis visis,
dein e centro pallide biso vel sordide grisello (haud
flavido), levi, margine subobtuso sed haud rotun-
dato, demum obtuso, post pluvias viscido, dein
cito sicco, convexo, centro mox abrupto angus-
teque depresso, acute depresso vel umbilicato, 33-
80 mm lato, plerumque 45-80 mm lato. Lamellis
albis, dein salmoneo-aurantio-cremeis, raro cre-
meis, confertissimis vel confertis, mediocriter latis
(±6 mm), haud vel vix intervenosis, subadnexis
vel subliberis, paucis furcatis. Sporis in massa cre-
meis (Ilb Romagnesii). Stipite albo vel albido, fre-
quenter ad basin vel e basi subalutaceo, levi vel
lenissime subruguloso, glabro, solido, demum in-

tus spongioso-farcto, aequali vel leniter attenuato
apicem versus, rarius ventricoso, 33-70 x 14-28
mm, plerumque 45-70 x 16-26 mm. Carne alba,
immutabili fractu, in lamellis quoque immutabili,
odore nullo vel debiliter fructuum, sapore in la-
mellis acri, dein subacri, in stipite miti vel submiti,
in pileo vix amaro.

Sporis (6.5-)7.5-9.5 x (5.3-)5.8-7.5 nm, ple-
rumque 8-9 x 6.5-7.5 nm vel 8-8.5 x 5.8-6.2 ^m,
i.e. subglobosis vel breviter ellipsoideis, hyalinis
in KOH, amyloideis, omamentatione typi IV vel
Illb sed frequenter Illb-II, Illb-VIII, IV- VIII,
paucis II vel II- VIII, lineis connectivis interdum
tenuissimis,projiciente 0.4-1 /im, plerumque ± 0.7
nm asperis, macula suprahilari amyloidea mani-
festamunitis.Hymenio:Basidiis 28-52 x (5.3_)8-
1 1 nm, tetrasporis, interdum 2-4-sporis (et tunc
pro ratione elongatioribus, atque sporis plurimis
subellipsoideis), clavatis. Macrocystidiis nume-
rosis vel sat numerosis ad latera, numerosis vel
numerosissimis ad aciem lamellarum, 45-85 x
7.5-15 nm, ventricosis vel fusoideis, rarius cyhn-
draceis, appendiculo brevi interdum apiculatis,
rarius mucronatis, pariete tenui vel firma, apice
in non-apiculatis obtuso-rotundatis, rarius suba-
cutis, contentu granulari vel vermiformi ex toto
fere impletis et sulfovanillinae ope caerulescenti-
bus. Hyphis inamyloideis, defibulatis. Tramate
hymenophorali filamentoso et sphaerocystibus
medianis et voluminosis, sed aciem lamellarum
versus saepe catenulatis praesentibus. Epicute pi-
lei e dermatocystidiis obtusis vel acutis interdum
leniter incrustatis, nec non dermatopseudocysti-
diis in sulfovanillina caerulescentibus, versifor-
mibus atque hyphis oleiferis efformata. Subcute
gelatinosa 50-85 nm alta, hyalina, ex hyphis ± as-
cendentibus 0.8-3 fim latis, laxe dispositis effbr-
mata. Hypodermio cutiformi, ex hyphis filamen-
tosis, cum hyphis oleiferis intermixtis,
tenuitunicatis vel rarius parietibus usque ad 0.6
nm crassis instructis efformato. Inter hypoder-
mium et subcutem nonnulis dermatopseudocys-
tidiis 40-85 x 3-8 nm (endocystidiis) intercalatis.
Tegumento stipitis e dermatopseudocystidiis ef-
formato.

FeSO^ cum came stipitis grisascens, supra cor-
ticem stipitis roseologrisascens. Sulfovanillina su-
pra stipitem purpurascens, mox brunnescens. Sul-
foformol supra stipitem grisascens (usque ad
chalybaeum vel griseo-roseolum). KOH supra pi-
lei superficiem: O. Phenol cum came atrocasta-
neum.

Ad terram humosam sub quercubus in silvis
quercinis et mixtis, gregatim.

SINGER: NEW TAXA OF AGARICALES

131

Typus— USA, Illinois, Lake County, IUinois
State Beach Park pr. Zion, 1 VIII 1982, Singer N
5046 (f). Additional collection: same locality, 28
IX \m,SmgerN 5135{¥).

This species is very closely related to R. an-
omala Peck but has somewhat smaller spores which
are more frequently cristulate, and the pale buffish
to cream color in the more narrowly depressed
pileus is here absent; also, the blue sulfoformalin
reaction of R. anomala is absent, and the taste is
less or not at all bitter. Russula albella Peck differs
in reticulate (type Illa) spores. Russula albidula
Peck is a much smaller species, with reticulate
(Illa) spores, but since no type had been located,
it has often been confused with other whitish
species, possibly also R. psammophila. What may
be a variety or form of R. psammophila has been
collected in Argentina (La Plata, Parque Pereyra,
under planted oaks and pines, 30 III 1 966, Singer
S 700 (bafc), as Russula exilis Sing. in herb., ined.)
and can be distinguished from the type only in
narrower spores, partly bisporous basidia, pres-
ence of cystidioles, and many cihate dermatocys-
tidia. It is most certainly not native to South
America but must have been introduced from
North America.

Russula semililacea Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo dilute purpureo, haud nitente (in siccis
inter "cedar wood" et 55 H 1 M&P), et tunc centro
subpallescente, sed in vegetis centro flavido, mar-
gine brevissime (2 mm) sulcato et obtuso, con-
vexo, dein applanato centro leniter depresso 62
mm lato. Lamellis palUde alutaceo-flavis in siccis,
albidis et immutabihbus fractu in vegetis, medi-
ocriter latis, confertis, attingentibus. Sporis in
massa haud separatis sed supra lamellas siccas ± Ib
Romagnesii. Stipite albo, nonnihil brunnescente
tactu, spongioso-farcto, subruguloso, glabro, su-
baequah, 71 x 16-17 mm. Mycelio basali albo,
subtiliter tomentoso. Carne alba, immutabili, in-
odora, miti.

Sporis 9.8-12.7 x 7.8-10.8 tim, plerumque
breviter ellipsoideis, appendice hilari 1.3-2 ^m
longa, hyalinis, omamentatione typi IV, minus
frequenter V, VI, projiciente 1-1.3 nm et ex aculeis
cylindraceis efformata munitis, amyloideis. Hy-
menio: Basidiis 32-33 x 1 1-13.5 ^m, tetrasporis.
Macrocystidiis moderatim numerosis, ventricoso-
ampuUaceis vel fusoideis, tenuitunicatis, acutis vel

obtusis, frequenter appendiculo 2.5-6 nm longo
omatis, ex integro vel in centro vel in apice tantum
accumulatione contentus aculeifirmis vel vermi-
formis, sulfovanillinae ope caerulescentis repletis,
sed nonnuUis cystidiis contentu tali destitutis, his
ad aciem lateraque lamellarum praesentibus. Hy-
phis inamyloideis, defibulatis. Tramate hymeno-
phorali e sphaerocystis sat numerosis, sat volu-
minosis et hyphis filamentosis efformato. Epicute
pilei e cellulis terminalibus hyphamm subcutis fi-
lamentosamm, obtusamm, l-2(-4) ^m latis et
dermatopseudocystidiis et hyphis primordialibus
efformata; dermatopseudocystidiis cylindraceis vel
anguste clavatis, 27-50 x 4.4-5.5 ^m, apice ro-
tundatis vel subacutis, tenuiter vel firme tunicatis,
contentu sparso sulfovanillinae ope caemlescente
munitis; hyphis primordialibus incrustatione
moderatim crassa munitis, cylindraceis vel sub-
cylindraceis, hyalinis vel flavis, 5-7.5 nm diam.,
apice obtusis. Subcute subgelatinosa 55-85 nm alta,
ex hyphis hyalinis I-2(-3.5) iim crassis, filamen-
tosis efformata. Tegumento stipitis e dermatop-
seudocystidiis eis pilei simillimis, moderatim nu-
merosis efformato.

Ad terram sub Quercu humboldtii Bonpl. in
Humb. & Bonpl. in Querceto montano-tropicali.

Typus— Colombia, Cundinamarca, near Boja-
ca, Bosque de la Mercedes, 8 IV 1968, Singer B
6013 (F).

This species reminds one of i?. lilacea Quel. but
differs in the presence of macrocystidia in the hy-
menium, epicutis, and stipe surface layer. Unfor-
tunately, the FeSO^ reaction of the fresh context
is not known and we cannot explain the relation
of this species to subsect. Xerampelinae.

Lactarius laricinus Sing., spec. nov.

Pileo vulpino vel vaccino, in siccis ± "chutney"
et partim "Hispano" et "cattail" (M&P), neque
hygrophano nec viscoso, glabro nec rimosello et
sub lente levi et integro, opaco, subnitente tantum
in vegetis humidis, nec striato nec sulcato, con-
vexo, centro subacute et sat profunde depresso in
maturis, 28 mm lato. Lamellis pallide cameo-cre-
meis, mediocriter latis, horizontalibus, subdecur-
rentibus, intermixtis, nonnullis furcatis vel anas-
tomosantibus sed sparse intervenosis. Sporis in
massa haud separatis sed supra lamellis inter la et
Ib Romagnesii. Stipite pileo concolori, sublevi.

1

132

FIELDIANA: BOTANY

glabro, basin versus leniter obscuriore, apicem
versus leniter pallidiore, longitudinaliter canali-
culato, basin versus attenuato, 25 x 6 mm, ad
basin ± 3 mm diam. Mycelio basali sordido, haud
abundante, haud strigoso nec hispido. Carne su-
perficiebus subconcolori sed pallidiore, sat tenui
ad marginem, immutabili at lamellis fractis ve-
getis cinnamomeo-brunnescentibus; latice aquose
albo sed haud limpido, immutabili; odore debili,
subnullo in vegetis et siccis; sapore miti.

Sporis 6.5-7.5 x 5.5-6.5 fim (cum omamen-
tatione), 6-6.5 x 5-5.5 ^m (sine omamentatione),
hyahnis vel subhyahnis (in NH4OH), subglobosis
vel plerumque breviter elhpsoideis, macula su-
prahilari amyloidea instmctis vel destitutis, or-
namentatione amylacea typi II, rarius IV-II vel
Illb-II, 0.3-0.6 nm projiciente munitis. Hymenio:
Basidiis 23-33 x 7.5-8.5 ixm, tetrasporis. Cysti-
diis 34-35 x 6 ^im, anguste fusoideis, apice su-
bacutis, contentu nuUo vel subtihter granuloso im-
pletis, sat numerosis, tenuitunicatis. Hyphis
inamyloideis, defibulatis. Tramate hymenophor-
ali sphaerocystibus destituto. Tramate pilei
sphaerocystibus instmctis. Hyphis oleiferis nulhs.
Hyphis laticiferis numerosis sed angustis, 2-5.5
^m diam. Epicute pilei ex hyphis filamentosis 1.5-
3.5 Aim diam. tantum efformata. Hypodermio cu-
tiformi, pigmento intraparietah vix vel non ob-
servabih (NH4OH) et incmstationibus nulhs. Ep-
icute et hypodermio haud gelatinosis.

Ad acus putrescentes (Larix laricina C. Koch)
inter muscos et Hepaticas, Sphagna.

Typus— USA, Ilhnois, McHenry County, Mo-
raine Park, near Volo, 26 VIII 1 984, SingerN5152
(F).

This species should be compared with Lactarius
quietus var. incanus Hesler & Smith and L. sub-
lacustris Hesler & Smith, but the first of these
differs in the stmcture of the epicutis and the hab-
itat while the latter has a gelatinous epicutis.

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Hesler, L. R., AND A. H. Smith. 1965. North Amer-
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KoRNERUP, A., AND J. H. Wanscher. 1968. Methuen

Handbook of Color. Methuen, London.
Maerz, A., and M. R. Paul. 1930. A Dictionary of

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MuNSELL, A. H. 1947. A Color Notation. lOth ed.

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